I AN UP-TO-DATE SYSTEMATIC LIST 0 F 3200 SEASHELLS E R 0 M G H E E N L A i-T D TO TEXAS: TRANSLATION, EXPLANATION AND GENDER OF THEIR NAMES I a ■CD H B N R Y P 0 I R I E R Y. VFLLEDIEU HUDSON VIEW GARDENS NEW YORK 33. N. Y. ( Copyright 1954 by Henry Poirier ) 1 .-? AN UP-TO-DATE SYSTEMATIC LIST 0 F 3200 SEASHELLS PROM G]lEENLAxTD TO TEXAS: TRANSLATION, EXPLANATION AND GENDER 0 1' THEIR NAMES B Y HKNRY POIRIER QL 406 P73 Y. VFLLEDIEU HUDSON VIEW GARDENS NEW YORK 33. N. Y. ( Copyright 1954 "by Henry Poirier ) 1 m To E. Poirier and R. Bretet who, as thorough Conchologists, wanted to know the meaning of shell names and have their collections accurately laheled in correct Latin ^ 3 PREFACE It is evident that this "book, aiming at presenting an accurate translation and explanation of the generic and specific names of the marine shells of our Atlantic Coast, cannot he entirely different fron, my MARINE MOLLUSC A OF THE EASTERN COAST OF NORTH AlffiRICA: THEIR NAI^ES AND MEAITINGS, published tv/o years ago, which had the same purpose, un- less the translation and explanation given in the first book were wrong, and this, except for a few names, is not the case. The present book, however, is new in several respects. First of all its plan is not the same. In MARI1«IE MOLLUSC A I gen- erally followed Johnson's List, In this book I have adopted the nomen- clature and classification of Professor Johannes Thiele when subse- quent studies have not already rendered them obsolete. Thus the ar- ■ rangement of families in superf amilies and of genera in families, the j names used for families and genera, are mostly taken from Thiele' s standard work: Handbuch der Systematischen Weichtierkunde (1929-1935), and in so doing, I follow the example set by Dr. R. Tucker Abbott, Division of Mollusks, U. S. National Museum, in his recent useful and scholarly book "American Seashells", I have also accepted all the latest changes in nomenclature and classification incorporated in Abbott, But, if some of Johnson's names are now rejected, they are no1 completely discarded; they are listed together with the new names, and, all are translated and expla.ined. This book is more complete than I\/[ARIKE MOLLUSC A. Over 635 genera and 3200 species of seashells ranging from Greenland to Texas, (with some from Bermuda and the West Indies included), are mentioned in these pages. Every effort has been made to prepare an up-to-date and most complete checklist. If Johnson's List with 2630 entries is about 80 % complete, my present List with its 3245 species can be given an average of almost 100 %, I have tried to be as accurate as possible in the translation of the generic and specific names. But it is not alv;ays an easy task, es- pecially for generic names. Many authors, instead of naming shells from their essential characters, often follov; the rule laid dovra by Fabricius: "Nomina generics nil signif icantia omnino optima. Generic names having no meaning at all are excellent,*' They select meaningless words, simply because these words offer a pleasing and harm.onious com- bination of syllables. It is said that Adanson chose his names by pulling out of a hat syllables written on pieces of paper. This can also be said of Risso, Leach, Gray, the Adams brothers and others. Ob-| viously words arbitrarily chosen or invented cannot be explained, : Specific names are, as a rule, more easily translated. Almost all comQ from either Latin or Greek, and even if their derivation is not givenJ it is not too difficult to discover in the description of the shell 1 the motive which guided the author in his choice. They generally are very appropriate and fit the shells so well that in many cases know- ing their meaning will help a great deal in the identification of the shell itself. Since a name, according to rules, must stand without modification in the v/ay it was proposed, I have not tried to reform the original spelling of some names v/hich seem to be evident spelling mistakes, Polinices, Hipponix, Onykia have been left untouched although accord- ir,' • '••/:• ing to etymology they should be written Polynices, Hipponyx and Ony- i chia. I write mespillum with two I's just as Miihlfeld did, when Latin mespiliim has only one, I have, however, changed mcgintyi to macgintyi because the former spelling v;ould make it impossible for foreigners to pronounce this patronymic. And of course I have corrected the nu- merous typographical errors occurring in Johnson's List. Conchologists can confidently label their shell specimens v;ith the names used in this book. Like in MARINE MOLLUSCA , the gender of each genus is stated, so that mistakes about the agreement of the specific with the generic name that are so often found in books and shell lists may be avoided. The Introduction on Latin and Greek in Conchblogy v/ill be very help- ful in this regard. In listing specific names I have followed the al- phabetical order in each genus and subgenus though the latter' s name is not mentioned. The name of the author is also added, thus making reference to any other book unnecessary for the purpose of classifi- cation. Although I assume full responsibility for the contents of this book, I wish to express my indebtedness to Dr. R, Tucker Abbott for his advice on the classification of certain families and genera and on the use and meaning of a fev; names. H, P. CONTENTS Introduction: Latin and Greek in Conchology 5-11 Gastropoda 12-128 Amphineura 129-133 Scaphopoda Pelecypoda Cephalopoda Index 134-139 140-186 187-195 196-215 ABBREVIATIONS fem. stands for feminine Gr Greek Lat • Latin masc masculine ^-3 L ri OMISSION Page 154: To Genus Chlamys Roding add this species: Chlamys imbricata Gmelin (imbricated, shingled; formed like a gutter-tile.) "r . s. ■' I 5 INTRODUCTION LATIN ■A.ITD GREEK IN CONCHOLOGY Anyone interested in Conchology, even if he has only a superficial knowledge of Latin and Greek, is surprised and shocked at finding many specific adjectives in complete disagreement with the nouns they modi- fy. For instance, it is very common to read Littorina saxatile, Vasum muricatus, Cantharus cancellaria, which are Latin monstrosities. It would, of course, be unreasonable to expect that Conchologists and Mal- acologists should write Ciceronian Latin or Attic Greek, "but, since all names used in Conchology are Latin, Greek or Latiniforra, Concholo- gists should be acajaainted with certain elementary rules of Greek and especially Latin grammars if they are to give generic and specific na- mes their proper gender, forms and inflections. These rules are simple enough and can easily be applied. The purpose of this introduction is to make them known and thus help Conchologists in removing doubts v/hich may at times arise in their minds as to just what to do about the gender and agreement of shell names. I. Generic Names Generic names, at least those of marine mollusca of the East Coast of North America with which only I am concerned in this book, can be classified under the following heads: A) Latin v/ords ; ay~Simple nouns, like Pecten, Conus, Oliva, Ficus, Colus, Bur- sa, Ensis, Amygdalum, Hitra, Turris, Ervilia, Teredo, Drupa, Si strum; sometimes with a slight error in spelling, like in the subgenus Amusium (for Amussium) ; b) Arbitrarily made up compounds whose last component is a Lat- in noun. Such are: Cetoconcha, Conomitra, Serripes, Serpu- lorbis, Plansxis, Pseudoglomus, Volutifusus; c) Adjectives: Illex, Glaucus; d) Words unknown to, but derived from Latin; for instance: Nas- sarius, Littorina, Pyramidella, Lamellaria, Aquilonaria, Di- varicella, Umbonium, Siphonium, B) Greek v/ords: a) Simple nouns: Cyphoma, Stilbe, Choristes; sometimes v/ith a Latin ending corresponding to the Greek original, like Cy- lichna, Tellina, Cymatium; b) Arbitrarily made up compounds whose last component is a Greek noun: Limopsis, Gastropteron, Anomalocardia, Busycon, Calloplax, Meioceras, Sepioteuthis, Calliostoma; sometimes with a Latin ending corresponding to the Greek original, li- ke Litiopa, Pododesmus, Dendronotus, Microdochus, or with an insignificant change in spelling, such as Hipponix (for Hipponyx) , Hyalocylis (for Hyalocylix) ; sometimes with an entirely different ending: Cheilea, Lepidopleurus, Trachy- cardium, Peristichia, Odostomia; c) Adjectives: Taonius, Zeidora, Janthina, Amaura; d) Simple and compound words unknown to, but formed from Greek, which, when compounds, do not end in a noun: Macrocallista, Xenophora, Triphora, Coralliophila. Ml-..- . ' ' i ■-■ -■ • r^v.st: .,.:..:::.,. -ill;: TO': 6 C) Proper ITames; a) Latin or Greek names of towns, writers, mythological deities, heroes, heroines: Onoba; AEsopus; Venus, Clio, Antigona,Ni- so, Atys, Iphigenia, Erato, Semele, Admete, Pandora, Chione , Thais, Taranis, Polinices; sometimes found in compounds:Neo-- simnia, Halopsyche; "b) Epithets referring to mythological deities: Aligena, Verti- cordia, Erycina (appellations of Venus); Pacelina, Trivia (appellations of Diana); c) Names formed from Latin or Greek proper names: Charonia, Neptunea, Hermaea, Tindaria; d) Latinized names of eminent conchologists, naturalists, dis- coverers, scientists, collectors, such as: Rissoa, Lyonsia, Bd^schia, Rossia, Hanleya, Sayella, D ) Names "borrowed from modern languages or coined for their plea- sing combination of syllables, like Engina, Nesta, Clathro- drillia; Tivela, Tonicia, Eossarus, Macoma, Livona. Y/hat is the gender of all such names? It would seem logical to accept the following principles for determining it: If they are really Latin or Greek, generic names must have the gender which is theirs in these languages. Latin Pecten, Ensis, Conus, Donax, Murex will be masculine; Area, Aclis, Ficus, Golus, Mitra, Tur- ris, Loligo, Teredo will be feminine; Vasum, Caecum, Sinum will be neuter. Greek Chiton, Margarites, Choristes are masculine; Stilbe is feminine; Cyphoma is neuter. Compounds whose last component is a Latin or Greek noun should have the gender of this last noun. Latin Serpulorbis, Serripes, Voluti fusus are masculine; Cetoconcha, Conomitra are feminine. Greek Ischno- chiton, Pleurodon are masculine; Ancistrosyrinx, Limopsis, Anomalocar- dia are feminine; Busycon, Glyphostoma, Cyclostrema, Gastropteron are neuter. If the generic name is given a Latin ending akin to that of the Greek original, -for instance, Greek "os" has been changed to Latin "us" or even "is", or Greek "e", "on", "ion" have become "a", "urn", "ium" respectively in Latin-, the gender should be the same as in Greek. So Pododesmus, Asthencthaerus, Microdochus, Typhis are consider ed masculine; Tellina, Litiopa, Mitromorpha, Halopsephus are feminine and Tachyrhynchus, Cymatium are neuter. The same holds true if there is an insignificant change in the spelling of the word: Hyalocylis will be feminine and Hipponix masculine. But the gender will be determined by the Latin ending if this en- ding is entirely different from that of the Greek or Latin original. Thus Lepidopleurus is masculine while Granigyra, Cheilea, Peristichia, Odostomia are feminine and Trachycardium, Buccinum are neuter. Names whose last component is anything but a noun, names arbitra- rily formed from Latin or Greek, adjectives used as generic names, all follow the gender of their endings. Masculine will be Liomesus, Nassa- rius; feminine will be Kiatella, Littorina, Aspella, Truncatella, Li- thophaga, Macrocallista, Xenophora, Coralliophila. Siphonium, Umbonium are considered neuter. The adjectives Illex, Glaucus, Taonius, Tenago- dus are masculine, but Janthina, Zeidora are feminine. ^Then the gender seems uncertain, masculine has the right of priority: Gyrodes, Chiro- -}■■! i .,-r '■ .Ml, : O^hl: ( a (^ B- ■,. 'f.f . •J: I .. j ."1., • ;;■•;. i. i teuthoides are masculine. Names of towns and writers take the gender they have in Latin or Greek: Onoba is feminine; AEsopus is masculine. Names of mythological deities, heroes, heroines, whether simple or compound, whether nouns or epithets, are either masculine or femi- nine according as they designate a male or female being. Taras, Tara- nis, Polinices, Ganesa, Jumala are masculine; Niso, Clio, Thais, Pyre- ne, Semele, Venus, Chione, Pandora, Halopsyche, Aligena, Verticordia, Erycina, Eacelina are feminine. But Gharonia, Neptunea, Hennaea, At- lanta which are artificially formed from proper names take the gender of their endings and are feminine. Names of conchologists, naturalists, scientists, discoverers and collectors, as well as names borrowed from modern languages and those "nonsense" names coined because they offer a euphonic combination of syllables, follow the gender of their Latin endings. Beringius (now called Jumala) is masculine; Rissoa, Rehderia, Clenchina, Sayella, Bi- gelowia, Nystiella, Bartschia; Engina, Nesta, Clathrodrillia; Genota, Tonicia, Codakia, Livona, Tivela all are feminine. Thericium is neuter while Gonatus, Fossarus are masculine. Can we at first glance safely recognize the gender of generic na- mes? Can we guess it accurately? Are there any reliable rules by which we can exactly determine it? Unfortunately not, if the names are pure Greek and Latin nouns, or Greek with a Latin suffix corresponding to the Greek original. In- asmuch as the gender of Greek and Latin nouns is usually not indicated by the noun itself or its ending, the only way to learn it is to con- sult a Greek or Latin dictionary. Being based upon sex, the gender of names of mythological deities, heroes, heroines, is, of course, easily determined. If the names are not genuine Greek or Latin nouns, the ending gi- ves the clue as to gender. The following are the rules by which, in this case, the gender can accurately be recognized: Shell names in "a", "ia", "ya" are feminine, except those in "nauta, cola, ista" (suffixes generally denoting males) which should be treated as masculine. Anisodonta, Mucronalia, Hanleya are feminine; Argonauta, Petricola, Separatista are masculirie- A plural in "a" of a Greek or Latin neuter noun may be considered fem- inine singular as this sometimes happens in medieval Latin: Lora, Eu- pleura, Liostraca are feminine. Names in "e" also are feminine: Arene, Peracle. Names in "us, er, o" are masculine: Latirus, Tagelus, Tectarius, Stiliger, Stilifer, Scaphander, Palio, Vanikoro. Names in "um" are neuter: Dentalium, Epitonium, Phalium. I Names in "ar", like Pi tar, should be neuter as Latin nouns in "?-r' ;are neuter. Every conchologist, however, considers Pitar as feminine, I and I would not change the gender of this arbitrarily formed word. i .^ . ! Although the Latin ending "is" is masculine in many words, it is ■r.f ?1 ^>-.' = ■ -. { ■ L n'\' • I' •.' o .Ail r.; i, :!ia i-f'i '^^■' 8 also a feminine termination. I see no reason why it cannot "be consider- ed feminine in artificially formed words like Asaphis, Lydiphnis, Ana- chis, Apolymetis, Haliotis. Names in "odes, oides, es" may "be treated as masculine: Gyrodes, Chiroteuthoides, Greek nouns in "ma", genitive "matos", being neuter, Periploma whose family name Periplomatidae clearly shows the genitive in "matos" should be neuter; but Macoma which lacks a form in "matos" and Rubella- toma which comes from "tome" are feminine. Greek ending "on" is neuter. Enoploion will therefore be neuter. But Pleucodon, Gnathodon derived from masculine "odous" or "odon" are masculine. 1 1. Specific TTpjges The specific neme, if an adjective r.r participle, must agree with the generic name it modr.fies. If the latter is ms.S'^oline, the adjecti- ve must have a masculine ending. NassariufD being masculine may not be accompanied by the feminine ambigua or the neuter ambiguum. The femini' ne Coius should be followed by a feminine adjective: Colus obesa. It sometimes happens that a former generic name has been discard- ed for one more ancient and of different gender. The feminine Scala, Scalaria for instance, have been dropped for the neuter Epitonium. The adjectives apiculata, Occident alis should now take the form adapted to neuter and become apiculatum, occidentale. l.yhat are the Latin terminations showing the different genders of adjectives? Adjectives in "us" have three terminations, "us" for the masculi- ne, "a" for the feminine, "um" for the neuter: cancellatus, cancellata, cancellatum; floridanus, floridana, floridanum. and neuter: niger, nigra, nigrum; scaber, scabra, sca- brum; glaber, glabra, glabrum; pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum; ruber, ru- bra, rubrum. Only a Latin dictionary can give information in this res- pect. Thirteen Latin adjectives in "er" in the masculine form the femi- nine in "is", the neuter in "e". They are: acer, sharp, acris, acre; alacer, lively, alacris, alacre; campester, level, campestris, campes- •■re; celeber, famous, Celebris, celebre; celer, swift, celeris, celere equester, equestrian, equestris, equestre; paluster, marshy, palustris, pa.lustre; pedester, pedestrian, pedestris, pedestre; puter, rotten, pu J ;tris, putre; saluber, wholesome, salubris, salubre; Silvester, woody, jsilvestris, silvestre; terrester, terrestrial, terrestris, terrestre; Jvolucer, winged, volucris, volucre. But equester, paluster, puter, sa- luber, Silvester, terrester, also use, and even more commonly, the for:^ in "is" for the masculine. Except for equestris they are not found a- mong the specific names of marine mollusca of the Eastern Coast of ^:5 f ; f r vl •VT ' I 1 ■ ^- 9 North America. Putris and palustris were used by Linne and Draparnaud: j Succinea putris, Lymnaea palustris. A few adjectives in "er", like puter, adult, pauper, poor, to which can be added anceps, double, princeps, chief, have only one form for the three genders: Puncture 11a pauper, Aspella anceps, ArchiteuthiM princeps. Chione pubera of conchologists should be Chione puber in cor- rect Latin, Adjectives or present participles in "ans, ens", like irradians, significans, elegans, nigrescens, virescens, nitens, and adjectives in "ajc, ex, ix, ox, ar, es, odes, oides", like phenax, simplex, trilix, velox, dispar, hebes, teres, syngenes, zacalles, azelotes, phrixodes, nuculoides, remain unchanged in the three genders. The ending "oidea" is sometimes used for "oides"; it could be considered as the feminine of a masculine "oideus" and neuter "oideum". Adjectives in "is" and compounds of "-cornis, -formis" have but two forms, "is" for the masculine and feminine, "e" for the neuter: af- finis, affinis, affine; fragilis, fragilis, fragile; bipennis, bipenni^ bipenne; deformis, deformis, deforme; longicornis, longicornis, longi- corne. The following words: liozonis, longirostris, microforis, longi- callis, cuneimeris, haliostrephis (which, as it means sea-reared, feed- ing in the sea, should be written "haliotrephis" ) , can be treated like adjectives in "is". Since the ending "cola" means "dweller", words in "cola" are ra- ther nouns than adjectives, and as such undergo no change in all three genders: Murex abyssicola (masculine), Puncturella abyssicola (femini- ne), Epitonium rupicola (neuter), Cerithium algicola (neuter), Conchologists do not hesitate to use as specific names words which have no counterpart in Latin: suava, canilla, cinca, samba, or are de- rived more or less arbitrarily from Latin or Greek, Certain of these adjectives are undoubtedly Latin, like symmetros (masculine and femini- ne), symmetron (neuter). Many take a Latin form which may or may not be similar to that of the Greek adjective: alcimus, brychius, brychia, atypha, macra, eritima, chariessa, glypta, halibrectum; aeglees or ae- gleis; oxia (for oxeia) , pachia (for pacheia), amblia (for amble i a) ; acrybia (for acribes). Some which are used in the masculine are derived from a Greek feminine adjective: tereinus, timessus. Others are formed from a Greek noun: orixa from orinx, thalassinum from thalassa, cerami da from cerami s, pharcidum from pharcis, hystricinus from hystrix. 0- thers still are compounds whose last component is a noun usually havirg an ending different from its Greek original: microdonta, liogona, lis- socona, but sometimes keeping its Greek form or taking its correspond- ing Latin ending: isocardia, tenoceras, callimorpha. Except for these last compunds whose endings are not really altered, I would consider all these adjectives as belonging, on account of tlaeir termination, to the same class as Latin adjectives in "us, a, urn", or "es, is", and de- cline them accordingly. Specific adjectives are sometimes used in the comparative and su- perlative. In Latin the comparative is formed by adding "ior" for the mascu- line and feminine, "ius" for the neuter, to the stem of the genitive singular: latus, genitive lat-i, comparative latior, latius; niger, ge- nitive nigr-i, nigrior, nigrius; pulcher, genitive pulchr-i, pulchrior. 9:;f;.r a ■ ■ I « ..i..x_"~.; - :^ r ■ - ;r,-:, .<::..-; •1 li 1' ■■■ r .1 . fc .•. S 1 » ■.•i* •:■/.; .; J. i ; ■ ■ ! ■ r .- .■: " . ,...■.'-' ^''• VI a:? ■'■■ \'t .i. i i J ':• qc •;: •• -• T iT- 0 .:.' •1 :• ' '• x i' f -. •i ■ oc. ■ ■• V I"; ;.^' ^:jii :• i ! \.- •' ■T.0l r .'. "v '■■*. ■' S'), C ■" , '.. ... -f o ,■•. ...... .v.- -.■••.■A.-. .TP.i' -m: i..-.-=r\ i "1 IK. ijO'i ■> 1 /'; ,(. - i. . T ;; v; •/ 'j' •M-i.t nx :i;-.o ■i .: !;:t;...i. ;■,.■.;•{ .J ■'•-' i. 'iJi-;'i:;--,- •i .>;v)i i-- i - ' - 10 pulchrius; simplex, genitive simplic-is, simplicior, simplicius; laevis, genitive laev-is, laevior, laevius. The Latin superlative is formed "by adding "issimus" for the mas- culine, "issima" for the feminine, "issimum" for the neuter, to the stem of the genitive singular: longus, genitive long-i, superlative longissimus, longissima, longissimum; simplex, genitive simplic-is, simplicissimus, simplicissima, simplicissimiim; elegans, genitive ele- gant-is, elegantissimus, elegantissima, elegant issimum; hrevis, geniti- ve hrev-is, hrevissimus, hrevissima, hrevissimum. Adjectives in "er", however, form their superlative by appending "rimus, rima, rimum" to the masculine nominative: pulcher, superlative pulcherrimus (masculine,] pulcherrima (feminine), pulcherriraum (neuter). In six adjectives in "ilis" the superlative is formed by dropping the ending "is" and adding "liinus, lima, limxam" ; they are facilis, difficilis, similis, dissimilis gracilis, humilis: gracillimus, gracillima, gracillimum. But the fol- lowing adjectives: amabilis, debilis, exilis, fertilis, fragilis, igno- j bills, nobilis, mobilis, utilis, have the regular superlative in "issi- mus, issima, issimum": nobilissimus, nobilissinB,, nobilissimum. The su- perlative of "agilis" is either agilissimus or agillimus. The superla- tive termination is lacking in many adjectives in "ilis", for instance in disparilis, mirabilis, saxatilis, textilis, senilis, variabilis. Some adjectives have irregular comparatives and superlatives. Par- vus becomes minor (masculine and feminine), minus (neuter) in the compa- rative, minimus, minima, minimum in the superlative, Magnus is major (masculine and feminine), majus (neuter) in the comparative, maximus, maxima, maximum in the superlative. The adverb "prope", near, has giver the comparative adjective propior (masculine and feminine), propius (neuter), and the superlative proximus, proxima, proximum. Acteon be- ing masculine, propior is the correct adjective to use with this noun, not the neuter propius. Many Latin adjectives do not admit terminational comparison. Good Latin dictionaries always give the comparative and superlative, if any iirmiediately after the positive. Sometimes the Greek form of the comparative and superlative is u- sed by conchologists. Most Greek adjectives add "teros, tera, teron;' (which become in Latin "terus, tera, terum") to the stem to form the comparative, and "tatos, tate, taton" (in Latin "tatus, tata, tatum") to form the superlative. The stem of the Greek adjectives used in Con- cho logy is the same as the neuter: amblys, neuter ambly, comparative ] amblytera in the feminine: Clathrodrillia amblytera; oxys, neuter oxy, | superlative in the feminine oxy tata: Mangelia oxy tata. The comparative meion of micros, small, has become in the Latin transcription for con- chologists "mionus, miona": Margarites mionus, Turbonilla miona. Compound specific names whose last component is a noun which has kept its Greek or Latin ending or, at least, its Latin equivalent, should be invariable for the three genders. Such are pi anorbis,leucocy- ma, filogyrus, nigrolabra, versicolor, particolor, tenoceras, calli- morpha: Uassarius nigrolabra. A noun used instead of the specific ad- jective also remains unchanged: Yoldia iris, Pteria colymbus, Teinosto- ma lerema. In some cases the generic and specific names seem to clash? but nevertheless they are correctly used. It is perfectly legitimate tc couple together Thais lapillus, Dentalium carduus, Cadulus cucurbita, Liostraca fusus, Crucibulum auricula, Morum oniscus, Dosinia discus, Solemya velum. I' li I •:■; V . n :.. . !.T r\J C.,-.' ;->i; :3 Sf i.'l ■.':.V ... 1 -■: .'I.:; ;.' i. iv! L" OS; = ;;■■■::)• ;•< i. i. r r 0 Tori. - . ■. r r - .iV'-N'. ■■■■] .. y:i -lo 3,'ii 's-'"i 11 The name of a mythological deity or hero may also be simply jux- taposed to the generic name: Pi tar dione, Calliostoma orion, Arene briareus. If the name of a conchologist is substituted for the specific ad- jective, its ending should be in the genitive. What is the genitive of all such names? Men's and women's names ending in "a" in the verna- culoLT drop this "a" and take "ae" to form the genitive: Cherchia, cher- chiae; Metaxa, metsixae. Some baptismal names take their correct Latin form: Julia, juliae; Katharine, catharinae (also katherinae); Carol, carolae, Esther being indeclinable in Latin remains unchanged: Margi- nella esther. Other women's names form the genitive simply by adding ■■ae": Janet, janetae; Deburgh, deburghae; Bush, bushae; Perry, perryae; ijtter, etterae. All men's names not ending in "a" have the genitive in : -i": adamsi, aguayoi, rissoi, gouldi, reevei, rehderi, bartschi, pils- ! bryi, sowerbyi, jaumei, philippii. Today it has become common practice I ;c add a single "i" to the man's name and this has the advantage of I '-learly indicating the patronymic of the man to whom the shell is de- I dicated. ! ! Names of islands ending in "a" change "a" to "ae" in the genitivei Samana, samanae; Fernandina, fernandinae. If not ending in "a", they have the genitive in "i": Jan-Mayen, jan-raayeni. Generally geographic- al names are used as adjectives: cayenensis; culebrana, culebrensis; texana, texasana, texsasianus; cubana, cubaniana, cubensis; berrauden- sis; destina; or may even remain unchanged if ending in "a": Erycina fernandina, Scaphella cuba, Bankia cieba. Sometimes the specific name is a genitive plural noun: Cerithiura muscarum, Pecten antillariiia, Bathyarca abyssorun. Octopus piscatorum, Conus sennottorum. Nouns ending in the nominative in "a" or "ae", have bhe genitive plural in "arum"; those ending in "us" or "or" form it i: | "orum". A parisyllabic noun of the third declension, like clavis, has ' the plural genitive in "iion": Teinostoma clavium, "Sennottorum" stands I for Mr, and Mrs. Sennott, I Shell families and subfamilies derive their names from the typicrj genus. If the genus ends in "a, e, es, is, us, um", the family or sub- family name is formed by dropping these endings and adding the termin-,! tion "idae" for the family, "inae" for the subfamily: Rissoa, Risso- j idae, Risso-inae; Acmaea, Acmae-idae; Pteria, Pteri-idae; Solemya, So- j lemy-idae; Astarte, Astart-idae; Choristes, Chorist-idae ; Haliotis, j Haliot-idae; Mytilus, Mytil-idae; Caecum, Caec-idae; Cerithium, Ceri- j thi-idae. But if the generic name is impari syllabic, that is, has not i the same number of syllables in the genitive as in the nominative, tno i genitive ending is dropped and then "idae" or "inae" is added: Venus, j genitive Vener-is, Vener-idaei Pecten, genitive Pectinis, Pectin-idae 5 . Thais, genitive Thaidos, Thaid-idae. i I It is evident that a Latin and Greek dictionary, although the la+H ter may not be easy to consult unless the Greek alphabet is well kncTyn.' will prove very handy and even necessary to accurately determine the J gender of all genuine Latin and Greek nouns. This introduction, however! showing as it does how to recognize by their terminations the gender | of artificially fonned words and teaching the correct inflections of , adjectives and nouns used as specific names should be useful. If rules^ and principles explained here are followed, shell nomenclature, being more in accordance with good Latin practice, will be greatly improved, and the attainment of that goal should be our ambition and pride. L V. r u 12 CLASS_ GASTROPODA (Greek gaster, gastr-, stomach •♦- pous, pod-, foot; belly-footed. The foot is attached to the ventral surface.) SUBCLASS PROSOBRANGHIA (Gr. proso, forward -+- hranchia, gills. The gills are in front of the heart.) A. ORDER ARCHASOGASTROPODA (Gr. archaios, ancient, primeval 4- gastropoda, gastropods.) I. SUPER? AlIILY PI:EUR0T0MAR.IAC3A (Gr. pleura, side -»- tomarion, a slice, cut, slit. These shells have 8. wide slit at the periphery of the body whorl. -Acea. is the termina- tion generally used to designate -superfamilies. ) 1. Family Scissurellidae. lip is slit. ) Genus Scissurella Or- bigny 1825. (Fem.1 (Lat, scissura, a rending, a slit. The outer Scissurella alta Watson (high; shell- is high, has a somewhat prominent tip.) Soiseurella crispata Fleming (curled, wrinl:led. ) Scissurella proxima Pall (near, cLose-tos.. "this species is smaller and relatively more elevated than S. crispata; less e- levated and with much Less prominent sculpture than S. alta, especially on the base." (Dall) 2. Family Pleurotomariidae.. (Gr« pleura, side -»- tomarion, slit, cut.) Genus Perotrochu^ P. i Perotrochus quoyanus Fischer & Bernardi (named for Quoy, a French naturalist wh'-> Fischer 1886. (Gr.peTO-s^. died in 1870.) maimed h- trochus, any- Perotrochus adansonianus Crosse & Fischer thing rtjund.. Shell slitj (named for Michel Adanson, a French bo > (Masc.) L anist, 1727-1806.) 3, Family Haliotidae. (Gr. hals, hal-, the sea -r oua, ot-, -ear;- mar- ine ear. Ear-shaped shells. Common name: Abalone.) Genus Haliotis Linne iHaliotis pourtalesi Dall (named for .Count' 1758. (Although "ous" i-B-! Louis Francois de Pourtales who around neuter in Gr., haliotis I 1869 explored the Florida Straits,.. 1823- is used in the • feminine ! 1880.) by conchologists . ) L 4. Family Fissurellidae. (.Dlminutive.of.Lat. fissura,- a fisaure, notch, chink. These shells have a perforation, a notch. Common name: U-ttle Chinks.) JEmarginula crassa Sowerby (thick; - she'll innoderately heavy.) •■W ' i <>'][ ■'••i ; <:■ ir-j.- ■^ -VL^i :!■ '•'^yp^.;; !.. !■ r-"-.;;/i. L L I a) b) i Genus Emargi nula La- marck 1801 . ~X'Lat . e , out, without -J- mar- go, margin-, edge, margin; deprived of margin. There is a deep slit in the margin, Fern.) 13 Emarginula nordica Perez Tarfante (north- ern; found in Rhode IslandTl Emarginula phrixodes Dall (Gr. resembling a ripple, the ruffling of a smooth sur- A. face, also concentric sions. ) Eirarginula p'x^i.la very smaJ-I 5 Mo't : Emarginula aicvJa locality Sicily, E ._ cancel] ata Philippi; goose-flesh. Radial rihs and lines form knots and depres- Adams ~" 12 ( dwarf i sh ; she 1 . Dove 12 mm. ) Gray (Sicilian; type Italy; formerly called cross-harred, concentric threads cross- Hemitoma Swainson 1840.(Gr. hemi, half -f- tone, cut, slit; somewtet deprived of margin. Eem. This ge- nus used to he called Subenarginula Blain- ville 1825. Lat. sub, under, somewhat -h emarginula. Een, ) trellis-like, ing the ribs,)' jjmarginula tuberculo sa Libassi ( having i tubercles, smell xncblike prominences; ! concentric lines intersect ribs forning ! nodules; formerly called E. compra£.sa L Jeffreys, compressed.) j Hemitoma emajginata Blainville ( emargi na j te, having a notch in the margin.) Hemitoma notata Linne (marked, branded.) Hemitoma octoradiata Gmelin (eight rays; shell has eight larger and eight smaller ribs. ) Hemitoma rubida A.H.Verrill (red, deep- Bri- red. This species is tish 'Vest Indies.) from Dominica, c ) Genus Rimula Defran- ce 1827. (Lat. a snail crack, chink or fissure. Een. ) Rimula aequisculpta Dall ( equally, evenly sculptured; "forty radial equal ribs j crossed by equal close concentric threcrf-^ not forming nodules." (Dall) ! Rimula dorriae Perez Earfante (named for j Dorothea Slater. ) Rinula frenulata centric threads Rimula pycnonema Dall (with a are somev/hat Pilsbry (Gr. bridle ;con-i f lexuouc, ) ' pycnos, cj. 0- I se, compact h- nema, thread; shell very i small sculptured with many radiating j ribs and riblets crossed by numerous i concentric threads; looks like a spider- '- web . ) j Puncture 11a agger Watson (Lat. noun mean- ing a heap, pile. "So called from the little ridge that runs down from the I front slope of the shell." (^,7atson) iPuncturella antillana Perez Earfante (;^n- tillean. ) I Puncturella asturiana P. Eischer (Astu- i rian; lectotype from off Cape Einisterre i Spain.) j Puncturella billsae Perez Earfante (naiaed ! for Miss Marion A. Bills. ) 'Puncturella erecta Dall (erect, high; conical, the height about 80 % that of J>nGJ. ;T.^.■. I ;aT l:/. .=. :1. ■':.. .' o - !.■. ■ ' : ■; "^ -■'. ■■ '■"■■""" ''CiZ^^yl ' ,; : :■.. \ ■): ■■ ;:i.' . ■■ ■::. ;■■:•.;;:■ ■'.:) •'XCf : ■ ;^- ;'•'■ v£f_^=-!:!r'^i '■...rrtilJ"' ■ : ■[■::.' •\^< ■■■ J .T i i i-^ f --■ '■ > '..' ■;■-' 1 .: ri r ' . d ) Genus Puncture 11a Lowe 1827. (Diminu- tive of Latin punc- tura, a pricking, puncture; depressed as if pun ctured. Fern, ) 14 the length. ) Puncturella granulata Seguenza ( granula- ted; granulose ribs; small rough tuber- cles like beads.) Puncturella larva Pall (like a larva; shell delicate, low, long-ovate, white.) Puncturella abyssicola Verrill ( dweller of the abyss; found in 1537 fathoms.) Puncturella borroi Perez Parfante (named a Cuban collector.) from the says for Primitive Borro, Puncturella brychia Fatson ( Gr . sea; belonging to the deep sea. Watson, Pound in 1340 fathoms.) Puncturella circularis Pall ( circular . ) Pancturella~noachina Linne (pertaining to Noah, or his time; formerly called prin- ceps Mighels & Adams (chief, first. Puncturella oxia Watson (Gr. oxys, fem, conical, SCUxT)' oxeia, sharp, pointed; tured with rough tubercles.) Puncturella pauper Pall (poor; probab?.y because only one specimen is known ar.d was found in poor condition.) Puncturella plecta Watson (woven, plar-.te-- sculpture of about forty radiating rib- lets crossed by concentric threads.) | Puncturella profundi Jeffreys ( of tlie i deep; found iii~200-396 fathoms.) 1 Puncturella spo rtella Watson (basket: basket-work appearance; cancellated ^^ur face. ) Puncturella tenuicula Pall ( smci ] 1 Tenuicola in I, very ^^l-.^.^., Johnsonia i,^ length 3 mm. _ a misprint. ) Puncturella acuminata Watson (Lat, i?]ri rp- ened; shall highly conical, the heig^V' I being from 75 % to 130 % that of the j length; also called P. triangulate, r'a7.1. I triangular.) (Puncturella trifolium Pall (Lat. three leaves; shaped. ) Clo\ (i'^j orifice internally trex-oil e ) Genus Zeidora A.Adanis 1860. (Gr. zeidoros, fertile, fruitful. Pern, ) f ) G e nu s _Ne_st a H._ Adams 18707 VThe""English word nest with a Lat- in ending. Pem. ) Zeidora bigf -OWl Perez Farfante (narasd for Pro Kenry Bryant Bigelow, Cure. ^ or ?.l: Oceanography, Museum of Comparative Z'~ci -' logy. Harvard University.) Zeidora naufraga Watson ( shi pwre eked ; '• -^h ■- name was suggested by the resemblance n: the shell to a half-decked boat which has been shipwrecked," (Watson) I 'Nesta atlantica Perez Farfante (Atlantic, iPiodora aguayoi Perez Farfante (named for i Pr. C. G. Aguayo of the University of C:";>- ■^i:t::^J ■.■A) c (. I g ) Genus Pi odor a Gray 1821. (a proper name chosen for its pleas- ing sound. Fern.) h) Genus Lucapina(Gray) Sowerby 1855 . (Mea- ningless name inven- ted by Gray for its euphony. Fern. ) 15 Habana, Cuba. Diodora arcuata Sowerby (arched; rather high, summit curved forward.) Diodora bermudensis Pall & Bartsch ( from BerniudaTl Piodora cayenensis Lamarck (from Cayenne, French Guiana, which is the type locali- ty. Form.erly called P. alternata Say; alternate, because surface is latticed by ribs, every fourth one a little lar- ger.) Diodora dysoni Reeve (named in honor of a Mr, Dyson, collector.) Piodora fluviana Pall (from fluere, to flow; "sculpture of slightly irregular sudden enlargements of the shell, giving the effect of very narrow steps, over which the radii seem to flow." (Pall) Diodora jaumei Aguayo & Rehder ( named for". Lliguel L. Jaume, collector, Habana, Cui'-"?!" Diodora listeri Orbigny (Lister's; name-:', j in honor of Martin Lister, an English naturalist, about 1633-171^.) i Diodora meta von Ihering (Lat. a cone; c i pyramid; shell is conical.) j Diodora minuta Lamarck ( mi nu t e ; shel 1 j small; 15 mm, in length.) Diodora minuta -^ra.riegata !:owerby ( vai' i ■"> 1 ■- 1 may be unicolcrei; white or cream; or j with another color: brownish or oliva - ' cecus.) Diodora sayi Dall (Say's; named in honyr of ThomaFj Say, a distinguished Amerioari naturalist, 1787-1834.) Diodora tanner:" Verrill (Tanner's; ncreJ for Z, Lc' Tanner, U. S. Navy.) Diodor a viridula Lamarck ( r a t he r g r o e. a ! between the principal ribs there n:o smaller ribs colored dark greenish In- terior greenish gray.) Diodora wetmorei Perez Farfante ( n ame d for Dr, A. Wetmore, Secretary of the SSnithsonian Institution.) Lucapina aegis Peeve ( Lat. a shield^ ■> protec"tiYG armor.") Lucapina eo 1 is Ferez Farfante ( name d f o 'r J. Be Heno.erscn'3 yacht, Eolis, which dredged off the Lower Florida KeySo) Lucapina philippiana Finl a^ ( Phi 1 i pp i ' .3 i named for R. A, PhilippiT 1808-1904.) Lucapina sowerbyi Sowerby ( Sowerby ' s ; formerly called L. ij.diTocrsa Philippi (sprinkled; rays of varying colors bro- ken into dots and spots.) Lucapina suffusa Reeve (suffused, ting3J, one color blending into another. Mau/3 becoming pink. Formerly called L. can-- cellata Sowerby ; cancellated; trellis-likc^ ^ w" I ?-..fj •^ .s.-i:i-,- '-■■.■3.5'- 1 . ,.i • . "1 .W. : .1. .1 .'■ ■> i) I Genus Lucapinella Pilsbry 1890. (Di- minutive of Luca- pina, Fem. ) j ) Genus 16 Lucapinella limatula Reeve (diminutive of lima: a little file; shell is cross- ed "by concentric lines forming fine vaulted scales where they intercept thej radiating ribs.) ; t Fissurella angusta Gmelin (narrow; narrow in frontTl ' Fissurella "barbadensis Gmelin ( type i s 1 from Barbados. ) j Fissurella barbouri Perez Farfante (na- i med for Dr. Thomas Barbour, Director of { the Museiim of Comparative Zoology, Har- • vard University.) j Pissurella nodosa Born (knotty, knobby; i nodules on the ribs . ) j Fissurella rosea Gmelin (pink; has rays ! of deep pink or purple.) | Pissurella subrostrata Sowerby ( somewhat ' rostrate; shell broadly rounded poste- ! riorly. ) ' Fissurella fascicularis Lamarck ( L a t . f a s 4 j ciculus, a small bundle;it has 47 ribs.) I Fissurella punctata Fischer (with dots, I ! spots; radiating ribs are crossed by | j niimerous grov/th lines sometimes forming' I scales. Formerly known as Fissurella ! pustula Gmelin; pimpled, blistered.")" II. SUPERFAJIILY PATELLACEA (Lat. patella, a small pan, dish.) 1. Family Patellidae. (Lat, patella, a small pan, dish.) Fissurella Bru- "T78a. (Lat. fissura, a notch, chink, fissure.Fem. ) guiere Genus Helci on Mont- fort IBlQ.TThis is Montfort's spelling; not Halcion. Maybe from Lat. helcium,a horse-collar. As de- rivation is uncertain Helcion is masc.) Helcion pellucidus Linne (transparent; transparent brown in color.) 2. Family Lepetidae. (Gr, lepas, a limpet.) a ) Genus Lepeta Gray 1842. (Fem.) Lepeta caeca Muller (blind; imperforate.) b ) Genus Propilidium Forbes & Hanley 1849 j "(Lat. pro, for, in Propilidium elegans Verrill (elegant.) place of -1- Gr.pili- I Propilidium pertenue Jeffreys( very thin. dion, a small felt- | hat. Neuter. ) I ^» j^amily _Acmaeidae. (Gr. acmaios, blooming, vigorous.) I Acmaea antillarum Sowerby (of the An tilled. . ■-: 'i .:. f.t.->i A-P •j ' « * I 0 : ,'"T t.'..i:..- I Genus Acmaea Esch- scholtz 1830. (Pem.) 17 Antillean; also called A. candeana Orbi gny; named for Ferdinand de Cande, a French naval officer who collected shells in the West Indies.) Acmaea jamaicensis Gmelin (Jamaican, fron Jamaica, British West Indies.) Acmaea cubensis Reeve (Cuban. It is pro- baTbly the sacie as A. leucopleura Gmelin)j Acmaea leucopl'-eura Gnslin (with white si-j des; ribs are white.] Acmaea pustulata Helbling (with pimples, blisters; also called punctulata Gmelin: covered with very small dots; reddish dots between ribs.) Acmaea pustulata pulcherrima Guilding f Xvery beautiful. Acmaea rubella Tabricius ( r eddi sh . ) Acmaea testudinalis testudinalis Miiller (Lat. testudo, tortoise; arched, vaulted^ like a tortoise. Surface checkered with radiating lines crossed by encircling lines. ) Acmaea testudinalis alveus Conrad (Latin masc. noun meaning a cavity, socket; shell is compressed at the sides.) Acmaea testudinalis ajnaena Say (charming; color: bluish gray with dark brown.) Acmaea testudinalis fergusoni Wheat (Fer- guson' sTJ"" 1 1 1. SUEERFAI/IILY TROCHACEA (Gr. troches, Lat. trochus, a wheel; a conical. Sometimes called Top Shells.) top, child's toy. Shells are 1. Family Trochidae. (Same etymology as above.) ^) Genus Margarites Gray 1847. (Gr. a pearl. It is masc. while Lat. marga- rita is feminine.) Margarites acuminatus Sowerby (pointed; the spire is sharpT) Margarites erythrocoma Pall (Gr.erythros, wine-colored, red -»-come, or Lat. coma, a noun meaning hair; shell is yellowish with rose-pink and opaque white.) Margarites filogyrus Pall (Lat. filum, thread -i- gyrus, a circle; the base has fine, even, revolving lines.) Margarites groenlandicus Gmelin (Green- land. ) Margarites grosvenori Dall (Grosvenor's. ) Margarites helicinus Phipps (Gr. helix, helices, winding, spiral; shell marked with fine spiral lines at its base.) Margarites .johnsoni Dall (Johnson's.) Margarites minutissimus Mighels (very minute; length about one fifth of an inch.) Margarites multilineatus DeKay (with many lines; whorls with minute revolving striae and ribs.) i £ "I, r/ •;. 'iO i .:i;.-Hi ■" c. '1 i ', i . ■ ' r V ! ■ ■ 1 -. ■ '![■•'■ ■ ir ■■:'. ■''■■■: ' ' iO I ">(■■ ;\ :vr:'''. ,•: L . ■ ■ .: . ,. f. . ili.-.-t ::-3i^>\ ^ ij ■••3 Vv'..!-' '■?'•■%• !:'.;.i--.'V ;;..■:; : ( . -i-f-v - ^ ■■■■':■' .■;.:■■: : 'il.P'i :."'il.. V'-v'l^' ji-iJ^J^-'a- ..i:/;iil.-j...i:;': v : .:^:j'lCi. ' ' , .■(.•■ •..■"■( > ■■< . V ■•'.■-■ ■.-..' .T , ..'i ■ • -:'.;'). -^ -..P. . :■ .. .y !:fo::t ■ ■'> : ■ : ••;.' i^::-* ;• ;■ ■•;'■.-'?■.: ^.^■^.c,^ ^a;-; i.t.,-;i;l;j;l i ( . :'. -.n tX. \ . ' ■'.. '■■<-: . ' ^- ..;■.'• '...■.;-:'n ii. -.i ■■•;; \ ■ "-'^ jlr::.'J...L.\.' ■J::.;,..:^i.i.;:::>j.i:.LLiil;'i__;i:d^^ ' . '■.■•,■•' >iT';_ '.. p; V":'\ ;laLi..'."' ;"T'; J.co ' YOJ I. ..-,. i,. ^ (...■ f.q'i.-iji:.. ■ i . . 18 > a) b) c) Margarites olivaceus Brown { olive -'brown. ) Margaritas uni"bilicalis Broderip & Sovrer'by _ Genus Margarites Gray 1847. ( Mas c.) Xwith a navel^ an iirabilicus. ) Margarites umbilicalis spiralis Baker ( spiral. ) Margarites vahli Moller ( Vahl ' s . ) Margarites costalis Goul(i(with strong ribs) Margarites cinereus Couthouy (ash- colored; color: a dull ashy-white. It is the sa- me as M. costalis Gould. ) Margarites cinereus grandis Morch( large . ) Margarites euspira Dall(eu, 'good, well •+• spira, a spire; with a sculpture of strong revolving threads and waves.) Marp^arites mionus Pall (Gr. me ion, small- , er; height, 2 mm.; diameter, 1.6 mm.) Genus Lischkeia P. Fischer 1879 . (Dedica- of a Lischkeia ottoi Philippi (Otto's; former^ ly known as Solariella ottoi Philippi and Margari '.^es" re gal is Verrill & Smith (royal; shell rather large, "brilliantly ted to E. Lischke, Elberfeld, Germany, friend of Fischer. Feml^ iridescent or pearly.f Genus Turcicula Pall 1881. (Gr. tursis, a tower; diminutive: a little tower. Fem, ) Turcicula imperialis Pall (imperial; has a peculiar and remarkable sculpture.) Euchelus eucasta Pall (eu, good, well snow white. ) castus, pure; shell Euchelus guttarosea Pall (with pink drops shell with small rose-red dots.) d ) Genus Euchelus Phi- lippi 1847. (Gr. eu, good, well -J- chelos, a chest, coffer; or maybe cheilos, lip, as the pillar lip has two prominent projecting denti^clea Since etymology is not clear, Euchelus may be feminine or neuter.) '- e) Genus St ornate 11a La- - marck 1819. (Piminu- Stomatella picta Orbigny (painted; shell tive of stoma, little i flesh colored spotted with white.) mouth. Fem.) i- Solariella amabilis Jeffreys (lovely.) Solarj.ella crossata LairT^^osseti, mixed; "is Bome^hkt ljk3 sIactiriophora,but smal- ler, less elevated, with feebler spirals,"' Solariella lan:ellosa" Verrill & Smith( la- ne lio'se, k^vii.'g lamellae. ) So-lariqlla poriscopia Pall ( periscope ; foun3 oft Solariella Cape Lookout, North Carolina.) scabriuscula Pall (a little rough; lightly nodula'ced.) Solariella constricta Pall (constricted; suture deeply constricted.) Solariella aegleis Watson (Gr. beautiful. ] <■'<- >:i:. (■..•I. f) Genus Solariella S. Wood 1842,(Diminuti- rium, sun ve of dial. S0l£ Fern, ) 19 Solariella aegleis clavata Watson ( from Lat. clavus, a nail; an allusion to the prickles which stud the shell.) Solariella aegleis lata Dall(wide, broad) Solariella aegleis rhina Watson (Gr.rhine a fileT] Solariella anoxia Dall (Gr. an, not -^ sharp ; the "but last whoi. oxys, fern, oxeia, pointed, cone of the shell is acute suddenly enlarges.) Solariella calatha Pall (Gr. calathos, Lat, calathus, a "basket, a wicker hand- "basket; whorls sharply sculptured with radiating lamellae and spiral cords.) Solariella infundibulum Watson (neuter noun meaning a funnel; shell conical with an enlarged "base.) Solariella iris Dall (the rain"bow;"bril- suffused liantly nacreous v;ith of "brov/n.) Solariella lacunella Dall hole; a small umbilicus.) splashes (a small pit, lacunella depressa Dall (de- Solariella pressed. ) Solariella laevis Friele ( smooth. ) Solariella lissocona Dall (smooth cone; shell is conical, surface smooth, whorl; glistening "with a peculiar spun-glass or flossy Solariella (Dall) Dall ( smooth, slipperj/^ shining with a slight nacreous lustre" lubrica shell hue . ) Solariella lubrica iridea Dall( pertaining to the rainbow; shell brilliantly pear- ly.) Solariella obscura Couthouy ( obs cure ; dark shell of a dull reddish-brown abo- ve, and of a light ash color at base; spire obscure.) Solariella obscura bella "Verkriizen ( b e au - tiful, handsomeTl Solariella obscura carinata "Verrill ( c a- rinated, keeledTl Solariella obscura planula "V"errill( some- what flat. } Solariella tiara Watson (tiara; so called from its narrow and high shape.) Solariella tubula Dall (diminutive of tu"bus, a small tube; "there is a low ridge near and in front of the suture, giving an excavated look to the depres- sion between them,") (Dall) Solariella tubulata Dall (tubulate, tubu- lar; tubulata seems to be a misprint foi tabula ta, as the shell is made after the nucleus of four tabulate v/horls.) Solariella varicosa Mjghels & Adams ( vari- cose; covered with many longitudinal ribs intersected by numerous transverse i f. I t;».: i'..;-i ; I. : .,1 ;•>'■• t g) Genus Basillssa Watson 1879. ("Gr. a queen, Fern.) h) Genus Seguenzia Jeffreys 1876. (De- dicated to Profess- or G. Seguenza, an Italian naturalist. Fern.) i) Genus Mi crogaza Pall 1881. (Gr. micros, small 4- Lat. gaza.a treasure. Fem.) 20 L revolving striae,) Basilissa alta alta Watson (high; equi- lateral cone, sharply angulated,) Basilissa alta delicatula Watson ( some- what delicate; more delicate^ aind thinne^" than Basilissa alta alta.) Basilissa watsoni Pall (Watson's; named for R. B. Watson, a British conchologis-^; of the "Challenger" expedition.) Basilissa costulata costulata Watson (with costae; suTace covered with lon- gitudinal flexuous ribs, which are nar- row and sharp.) Basilissa costulata depressa Pall (de- pressed; depressedly conoidal; smaller number of spine ridges.) Basilissa rhyssa Pall (Gr, wrinkled; ra- ther rough sculpture.) Seguenzia carinata Jeffreys (keeled, ca- rina te; shell with a sharp carina.) Seguenzia eritima Verrill (Gr. highly prized, precious; shell delicate, base sculptured by niomerous small spiral cords. ) Seguenzia floridana Pall (Florida.) Seguenzia ionica Watson (ionic; "so call ed from its resemblance to the volute of the Ionic capital." (Watson.) Seguenzia monocingulata monocingulata Seguenza (Gr. monos, only, gingle ■»■ cingulus, a girdle, belt. Shell with high spiral threads.) Seguenzia monocingulata nitida Verrill (shining. ) Seguenzia rushi Pall (Rush's; raamed for Pr. W. H. Rush, U. S. Navy.) Seguenzia trispinosa Watson (with three spines; "from the three rows of spinous lirations," (Watson) Microgaza rotella Pall (Lat. a little wheel; shell somewhat flattened, with zigzag brown lines.) Calliostoma apicinum Pall (Lat, apex,a- picis, tip, point, top; shell elevated. Calliostoma arestxim Pall (Gr. agreeable, pleasing; "very prominent sculpture,") Calliostoma bairdi Verrill & Smith( named for Professor Spencer F. Baird, U.S. Fish Commissioner, 1835-1887.) Calliostoma bairdi psyche Pall (Psyche, the mistress of Cupid.) Calliostoma subumbilicatum Pall ( le ss than the normal umbilicus; umbilicus is half open.) C( I j ) Genus Calliostoma gwainson 1840 ^Gr. superlative of ca- los, very beautiful -f stoma, mouth. Neuter.) 21 Calliostoma circumcinctum Pall (Lat. girdled around; whorls with two sharp thin keels. ) Calliostoma echinatum Dall (spiny; ribs crossed by plications producing nodosi- ties. ) Calliostoma corbis Dall (Lat. fern, noun meaning a basket; strong network.) Calliostoma euglyptum A.Adams (Gr. well carved or engraved. It has eight rows of beaded ridges colored white, red, brown, ) Calliostoma fascinans Schwengel & Th. McGintyl fascinating, charming; the shell, is beautiful.) Calliostoma halibrectum Dall (Gr, washed by the sea. One specimen found in poor condition. (Dall, ) Calliostoma occidentale Mighels & Adams (western, ) Calliostoma orion Dall (Orion; in Greek mythology a famous hunter changed into a conscellation. ) Calliostoma pulchrum C.B.Adams (handsome^ Calliostoma foseolum Dall (rose-colored.) Calliostoma sapidum Dall (Lat, savory.) Calliostoma tiara Watson (a tiara; "so called from its high narrow form", says Watson, ) Calliostoma trachystum Dall (Gr. rough, rugged; with minute but sharp pustula- tions . ) Calliostoma veliei Pilsbry (Ve lie's; na- med for Dr. J, W. Velie.) Calliostoma zonamestum A. Adams ( zona , zone -I- mixtus or mistus, mixed; ten spiral threads between each of which there is a dark-chocolate line.) Calliostoma benedicti Dall (named in ho- nor of J. S. Benedict, naturalist of the "Albatross".) Calliostoma cinctellum Dall (encircled, with a little girdle; sculpture of two prominent spirals.) Calliostoma faustum Schwengel & Th. Mc Ginty (Lat. favored, fortunate; the au- thors must have considered themselves fortunate to have dredged this rare shell.) Calliostoma .ju.lubinum Gmelin (jujube; it reminds one of jujube paste; shell is brownish or buff.) C alliostoma jujubinum adelae Schwengel "Tnamed for Adele Koto, collector. ) Calliostoma jujubinum perspectivum(Koch ) Philippi (Lat. perspicere, to look through; shell grows smaller and small- er; umbilicus so wide and deep that up- per whorls can be seen. ) 1 • ' ■1 ■. i :. 1 ■.-i . ■■■'.O.' I';:ci;>V -i :■,:■} j ) Genus Callio stoma Swainson 1840. (Con- tinued. Neuter.) k) Genus Livona Gray 1847. (Adanson used the name Le Livon when he described this shell in 1757. No meaning. Fern.) 1) Genus Gaza Watson 1879. (Lat. noun meaning treasure, Fem.) 22 Calliostoma .lu.juhinum rawsoni Pall (na- med in honor of Governor Rawson of the Bahamas . ) C alliostoma .jujuhinum tampaense Conrad "Tfrom Tampa, FloridaT) Calliostoma hendersoni Pall (named for John Brooks Henderson, an American mal- acologist and a former Regent of the Smithsonian Institution, 1870-1923.) Calliostoma kampsa Pall(Gr« noun, a wicker "basket; nicely sculptured with spiral eoid axial threads or cords.) Callidstoma marionae Pall (named for schooner Marion, ) Calliostoma sayanum Pall (named after Thomas Say, an American naturalist, 1787-1834.) Calliostoma tittarivun Pall (Gr. titthos, the teat, the nipple of a woman's breast shell small, bluntly conical.) Calliostoma yucatecanum Pall (from Yuca- tan Strait.) Calliostoma asperrinum Pall (very rough; very strongly nodulous; with regular asperities, ) Livona pica Linne (pica means magpie; shell black with white or greenish markings. ) Gaza fischeri Pall Pr. Paul Fischer, turalist. ) Gaza superba Pall old ivory with an Gaza superba cuban ban; off northern Gaza watsoni Pall R.B.Watson, a Bri the "Challenger" (Fischer's; named for an eminent French na- ( proud, superb; color opalescent sheen.) a Clench & Aguayo( Cu- CubaTT (Watson's; named for tish conchologist, of expedition. ) m) Genus Tegula Lesson 1852. (Lat. noun mean- ing a roof tile .Fern.) Tegula excavata Lamarck (made hollow; the base is concave.) Tegula fasciata Born (enveloped with bands; marked with brown or black and pink or grayish pink bands.) Tegula lividomaculata C.B.Adams ( Lat . lividus, black and blue -t- maculatus, spotted; color grayish white with spots of blackish brown. Formerly known as T. scalaris Anton; a staircase, like a staircase. ) Tegula hotessierana Orbigny (named for Saint-Cyr Hotessier, of Guadeloupe, French West Indian colony.) Tegula maculostriata C.B.Adams (stained '■;..i; "h' f .... ■•• ■' ^ i-o:.: -J ^ ^^i-O'.. . v.i r^~ •■••-:i/' ''■■-•'■'■•77 ) ,'., i J .■ ' ' '• •-». ' *• • ■-•..;..5'-.i. ■ -•; 'i . ^ •' ■. ■ ..."• - J •■■;;^-Vrr'. ,, ■ ' ' ■ i.:. I 1 .' 'i.C .•;''-i .■■■■? o) q) n) Genus 1807, Umbonium Link "(Lat. umbo, umbonis, protuberan- ce, rounded eleva- tion, knob. Ending "iiiia" makes it neu- ter, ) Genus Ganesa Jeffreys 1885. (From the Sans- krit Ganesa, the God of wisdom or pruden- ce for the Hindus, re- presented as a short, fat man with a large belly and the head of an elephant. Although the ending is femini- ne, Ganesa, being the god of wisdom, should be considered mascu- line. ) 23 and striated.) Tegula semigranosa A.Adams (half -grained whorls encircled by spiral lines irre- gularly crenulated.) Umbonium bairdi Pall (Baird's; named for Professor S.T.Baird, U.S. Fish Commis- sioner, ) Ganesa abyssicola Bush (dweller of the abyss; found in 980 fathoms.) Ganesa bushae Pall (Bush's; named for Katharine J. Bush, Assistant in Peabody Museum of Yale University, 1855-1937.) Ganesa conicus Pall (conic; narrow conic al form.l Ganesa convexus Bush (convex.) Pall's; named for eminent Americar p) Genus Leptogyra Bush 1897. (Gr. leptos, thin, delicate -*- gyros, a circle. Fern.) Genus Granigyra Pall 1889. (Lat.graniim, grain — gyrus, a circle, whorl. Gran- ulations on whorls, Fem. ) r) Genus Pseudorotella Fischer 1857. (Gr. Ganesa dalli Verrill William Healey Pall, an malacologist, 1845-1927.) Ganesa depressus Pall (depressed; shell depressed turbinate.) Ganesa diaphanus Verrill (diaphanous; shell thin, translucent, with a smooth shining surface.) Ganesa ornatus Verrill (adorned.) Ganesa proximus Tryon (near, close to; closely allied to some European shells.) Ganesa striatus Bush (with striae.) Ganesa valvatus Pall ( reminding one of i shell called Valvata.) Ganesa verrilli Tryon (Verrill' s; named for Addison E. Verrill, Professor of Zoology, Yale University, 1839-1927.) Bush (Gr. eri, prefix tmetos, cut; ( inconspicu- pseudes, false Leptogyra eritmeta meaning very, much -?- furrowed. ) Leptogyra inconspicua Bush ous, hardly discernible.) Leptogyra verrilli Bush (Verrill' s; dedi cated to Professor Addison E. Verrill of Yale University, 1839-1927.) Granigyra limata Pall (file-like; covered with small irregular granulations like sand grains . ) Granigyra radiata Pall (rayed; with short radiating grooves. ) Granigyra spinulosa Bush (with minute spine s71 "Pseudorotella floridensis Pall (from Fl.os Pseudorotella minuscula Bush (minute ,q[±de. Pseudorotella semistriata Orbigny (half ■ i • ■ ■ ■ ( ■Y.i.. 5f; I. .U.T • .' i; 7 . ^■ •■i. U- -*f'. ■i-^i . -Z-f .1 !:.:■■•./■•. ■ , ■■; 1 1 ; t " ■1.1 ■-■ I , » ->..■ • ;.; . ) .. . i • ■ .;. -' !'' .. r . -' >.i / -a: - ■• -i ■ ! ; . • : (,:■!- : ' •.-■ -' i ,1 '■-■r:^:~^^:}. - -- - !■ •■ • ' ■ I .:.' ; ,' / .' : i I - . ■'-' ■•(•'';■?; ■- ,■> iM ; -'•-••■ -«.-■.'; i. '' ■? i'/ b) Genus Puperita Gray- IBS?. (Probably de- rived from pupa. Gray coined many meaningless names. Purperita is a mis- spelling. Pern.) 27 little girl, a doll, puppet.) Puperita tristis Orbigny (sad; with white spots.) color blai c) Genus Neritina La- marck l816.(Diminu- tive of Nerita. Com- mon name: The Neri- tines, Pem.) d) Genus Smaragdia Issel 186971"^^ , smar agdo s , a precious stone of light green color, the emerald. Fern.) Neritina reclivata Say (sloping; whorls concavely slanting on the shoulder.) Neritina reclivata floridana Reeve (from Plorida. ) Neritina reclivata palmae Pall ( of Palma Sola, Plorida; this species does not be- long to the 7/estern Atlantic, it is the same as Neritina turrita Gmelin of the East Indies. A mixture of specimens took place, causing Call's error.) Neritina reclivata sphaera Pilsbry (ball, sphere; low spire, globose form.) ITeritina virginea Linne (virgin, virginal; ground color olivaceous, yellowish or ■ whi te . ) Smaragdia viridis weyssei Russell (green; named for Dr. Arthur W. ''.Yeysse, Depart- ment of Biology, Boston University. Rus- sell proposes to use the name Smaragdia viridis Linne for the Mediterranean shell and limit Smaragdia viridis weys- sei to the western Atlantic region.) Smaragdia viridemaris Maury ( of the green sea; color green; is the same as S. viridis weyssei Russell.) 5. Pamily Phenacolepadidae. (Gr, phenax, phenac-, a cheat, deceiver lepas, a limpet; a deceptive, a false lepas.) Genus Phenacolepas Pilsbry 1891.(Pem7) Phenacolepas antillanun Shuttleworth( of the Antilles, Antillean, Pound in the Plorida Keys and West Indies.) Phenacolepas hamillei Pischer (dedicated to Mr. Hamille of Paris, Prance, a frien. . of Dr. Pischer. ) IV. SUPERPMCLY COCCULINACEA (Diminutive of coccos or coccum, a kernel, a berry that grows upon the scarlet oak.) 1. Paxaily Cocculinidae. (Same etymology as above.) Cocculina beani Dall (named in honor of Dr. Tarleton H. Bean, of the U.S. Fish Commission, ) Cocculina conica Verrill ( conic , ) Cocculina dalli Verrill (Dall's; named for William H. Dall, an eminent Americar malacologist, 1845-1927,) i:'^:^' Genus Cocculina Dall 1882. (Fern.) 28 Cocculina georgiana Dall (from Georgia; off Georgia.) Cocculina leptalea Verrill (thin, fine, delicate, ) Cocculina lissocona Dall (Gr. liasos, smooth -t-Lat. conus, cone; surface per- fectly smooth.) Cocculina rathbuni Dall (named after R. Rathbun, of the U.S. Pish Commission.) Cocculina reticulata Verrill (netted, with a network. ) Cocculina rotunda Dall (round; syrametri- cally rounded cone.) Cocculina spinigera Jeffreys (bearing spines; has spinose projections at the intersections of the radiating and the . concentric ridges.) 2. Family Lepetellidae. (Diminutive of Lepeta, a small limpet. Pern.) Genus Lepetella Ver- Lepetella tubicola Verrill & Smith ( liv- rill 1880. (Fem. ) ing in tubes; found on inside of old L tubes of Hyalinoecia artifex. ) 3. Family Addisoniidae. (Dedicated to Professor Addison E. Verrill, of Yale University, 1839-1927.) Genus Addisonia Dall 1882. (Fern.) Addisonia lateralis parade xa Dall ( late- ral; paradoxical, incredible; size lar- ger than European specimens.) B. ORDER MESOGASTROPODA (Gr, mesos, middle -- gastropoda, gastropods.) I. SUPERFAMILY LITTORINACEA (Lat. littus, littoris, sea shore, belonging to the sea shore -»- acea, the termination of practically all super f ami lies, ) 1. Family Lacunidae. (Lat. lacuna, a ditch, pit, small depression. The- se shells have a chink or groove alongside the columella. Common name: Chink Shells.) Lacuna glacialis M'dller (glacial; found from Greenland to Gulf of St. Lawrence. ) Lacuna pallidula neritoidea Gould (palli- dula, rather pale; neritoidea, resem- bling a Nerite. Shell globular-ovate, covered with a greenish-yellow perios- tracum. ) Lacuna parva DaCosta (small , ) Lacuna vincta Montagu (Lat. past participle of vincio, to tie; banded, encircled; last whorl encircled by four chestnut colored bands.) Lacuna vincta fusca Gould (fuse a, dark; shell darker than the preceding one.) a) Genus Lacuna Turton 1827.(Fem7T ■.i.,,r:aoy- , i- ;:.;... ; , ■: i ".? f f .'. '. ■. ■ 'H^: I . -V.' ;. M *■ : •...:-' :"- f." i •.. ■;. .■...- r -- .' ■ 1. f : :\" !: TliJ '.i;o £:!;: .L-l ; *--j ; ' ," ir ■ ;...:i.v;< ■ ■■ _ ;: t i v.. ; ' . • ■ ^- •' ; i=" i ,i.,i; '/i I £■ r./ .1 .' .. :■ '■• : ■ I ■.'l.i'IV. if;; ■1 ,-■ ■> ■ ■ : : T-j re .■:i:'r'-. i .. : -. 1 i \ - J r; .■■;.L ! ■■■r-j i:U/ 1 - ; I ■:; 0 ' "b) Genus Aquilonaria Pall 1886. (Lat. aquilo, aquilonis, the north wind; northern I found in Labrador. Pem. ) c ) Genus Benthonella Dall_1889. "TGr ."ben- thos, the depth of the sea. All these shells are found in deep water. Fem. ) 29 Lacuna divaricata Fabricius (branching off at obtuse angles; obliquely striated,j and Lacuna solidula Loven (rather solid) ' are the same as L, vincta Montagu.) Aquilonaria turneri Pall (Turner's; named in honor of William Turner, 1826-1897.) ; Benthonella gaza Pall (a treasure 5 glistenf ing opaque white, "Its polished white rounded simple whorls and brown tip pre- sent an elegant appearance." Pall.) Benthonella fischeri Pall (Fischer's; na- med in honor of Pr, Paul Fischer, an eminent French malacologist , ) Benthonella nisonis Pall (of ITiso; the shell is almost exactly the shape of a Niso without keels.) 2. Family Littorinidae, (Lat, littus, littoris, sea shore; belonging to the sea shore. Common name: Periwinkles,) Littorina angulifera Lamarck ( angu 1 ar , keeled; much higher than wide; spire high, pointed. ) Littorina irrorata Say (marked with mi- nute dots; has numerous revolving lines spotted with reddish brown.) Littorina littorea Linne (shore; littoral shell.) Littorina mespillum Muhlfeld (Lat. mes- "one "1"; it means medlar- a ) Genus Littori na Fe- russac 1821.~Tshore dweller. Fern.) I' shell with brov/nish pe- pilum has only tree or fruit; riostracum, ) Littorina nebulosa Lamarck ( cloudy, misty shell pale dirty-yellow, with reddish brown streaks.) Littorina nebulosa tessellata Philippi (formed of little squares; checkered brownish-red and grayish-v/hite, ) Littorina nebulosa flava King & Broderip (yellov/; shell dirty-yellov/ish, someti- mes slightly orange.) Littorina saxatilis Olivi (living on rocksTT Littorina saxatilis tenebrosa Montagu ( dark ; dark olive or dusky brov/rJ Littorina saxatilis obligata Say (fast- ened to")", Littorina groenlandica Menke (from GreenlandTT Littorina rudis Maton (rough, rugged) are all the same as Lit- torina saxatilis Olivi.) Littorina meleagris Potiez & Michaud (guinea-fowl; formerly called Littorina guttata Philippi (spotted); shell with white and brov\fn spots.) L ; ■•..;-.i (: 30 Littorina o"btusata Linne ("blunt; spire low, flattenedTl Littorina ziczac Gmelin (with zigzag li- nes. Littorina ziczac lineata Lamarck is the same as L. nebulosa lippi (lined.) tessellata Phi- b ) Genus Nodilittorina von Martens 1897 , ^Lat, nodus, knot-*- li tt or ina, Littorina with nodules, Fern.) c) Genus Echininus & Abbott 1942. Clench fcr , Lat , hedgehog, Masc. ) echinus, a sea-urchin. Nodilittorina tuberculata Menke ( sculptu- red with sharp tubercles; formerly list- ed as Tectarius tuberculatus TYood and Tectarius trochif ormis Dillwyn (cone shaped, top shaped,) Echininus nodulosus Pfeiffer ( knotty s de- corated with rows of pointed knobs.) d ) Genus Tectarius Va- lenciennes 1855. (Lat. tectum, a roof;roof like. Masc. ) (Echinel- la Swainson 1840 is the sajne.) Tectarius muricatus Linne (spiny; with somewhat sharp nodules.) II. SUPERFAMILY RISSOACEA (This superfamily is dedicated to Risso, Prance, 1777-1845,) a naturalist, born in Nice, 1, Family Hydrobiidae. (Gr, hydor, water -i-bios, life. Living in water, a) Genua Hydrobia Hart- mann 1 1821. In John- son' s List called Paludestrina Orbigny 1840. (Lat.paludester, marshy, swampy.) (Pem.) b) Genus Truncate 11a Risso 1826. [Dimi nu- tive of Lat, trunca- tus, cut off, broken off; having lost the point of the spire. Common name: Looping Snails, Pem.) Hydrobia laevis DeKay ( sm o o t h , ) Hydrobia minuta Totten (minute, very small; 1/4 of an inch.) Hydrobia salsa Pilsbry (salty; lives in salt-marshes. j Hydrobia stimpsoni S. Smith ( St imp son' s ; mmed for \7illiam Stimpson, an American zoologist, 1832-1872.) I'Truncatella bilabiata Pfeiffer (two-lip; outer lip double, ) Truncatella bilabiata bahamensis Clench & Turner (from the Bahamas. ) Truncatella pulchella Pfeiffer (rather beautiful; color straw-yellow to light amber; numerous axial ribs; formerly called T. caribaeensis Sowerby, Carib- bean. ) Truncatella succinea C.B.Adams (amber; amber colored. 7 Truncatella scalaris Michaud (staircase; axial costae prominent making like a staircase; formerly called T. c la thru s Lowe (trellis-like,) Truncatella scalaris piratica Clench & Turner (piratical. ) C" 2. Family Rissoidae. (Named in Nice, France, 1777-1845.) 31 honor of Risso, a naturalist, born in a ) Genus C i ngula_Fl eming 1828. TXat, a band, a girdle. Formerly lis- ted as Onoba H. & A. Adams_1854"Ta city in Hispania Baetica.Fem,' b) Genus Alvania (Leach) Risso 1826. (One of those "nonsense" na- mes invented by Leach for their pleasing sound, Fem« ) Cingula aculeus Gould (Lat. noun meaning dart, goad; shell elongated.) Cingula .jacksoni Bartsch (named for Ralph W. Jackson, collector. 7 Alvania apicina Verrill (from ape^:, api- cis, tip, point; shell conical, rapidly tapering to a very acute tip.) Alvania acuticostafa. Pall (with" sharp. ribs; strong sculpture, fourteen very- sharp ribs.) Alvania areolata Stimpson (Lat. areola, small open place, flower-bed; patched.) Alvania bryanti Johnson (Bryant's.) Alvania brychia Verrill (belonging to the deep sea; found in 487-1290 fathoms.) Alvania campta Pall (Gr. bent, flexible post nuclear whorls well-rounded.) Alvania canonica Pall (Gr. & Lat, made by rule, regularT] Alvania carinata Mighels & Adams ( carina- ted; whorls carinated belowT] Alvania castanea Moller( chestnut-colored) Alvania exarata Stimpson ( furrowed ; shell distinguished by very prominent trans- verse ribs . ) Alvania globulus Mbller (a Lat, noun, re- mains unchanged; a little globe.) Alvania harpa Verrill (harp; recalling i harp. ) Alvania ,1an-mayeni Friele (from Jan Mayen an island of the Arctic Ocean, east of Greenland. ) Alvania lampra Pall (Gr. bright, brilli- ant; nuclear whorl glassy.) Alvania lat i or Mighels & Adams (broader, wider; last whorl broad, larger than the rest of the shell.) Alvania leptalea Verrill (thin, delicate, fine.T" Alvania multiline ata Stimpson (with many lines; marked with about tv/enty minute transverse striae.) Alvania pelagica Stimpson (pelagic . ) Pall (precipitate, in nucleus unsculptured. ) Verrill (Sanderson's Sanderson Smith.) Alvania precipitat; a hurry; left its Alvania sandersoni named in honor of Alvania turgida (Jeffreys) Verrill ( in- . flated, swollen.) Rissoa listera Pall (named for Martin Lister, an English naturalist, about 1638-1712.) f (: c ) Genus Rissoa Desma- rets 1814, (Named for Risso, a French naturalist, 1777- 1845. Fem. ) d) Genus Rissoina Orbi- pny 1840^ (From dedicated to French na- Rissoa; Risso, a turalist, 1777-1845, Fern.) e ) Genus Microdochus Rehder 194 57TGr . minute -- container. micros, dochos, Masc. ) head; chest- 32 Rissoa pompholyx Pall (a "bubble; shell thin, fragile; large whorl inflated.) Rissoa pyrrhias Watson ( red nut color, ) Rissoa syngenes Verrill (horn with, akin: resembling another.! Rissoa xanthias Watson ( Gr . xantho s , go Id-j en yellow; nucleus is yellow.) j Rissoa curta Pall (short; shell minute, '■ height 1,2 mm; diameter 1 mm.) Rissoa fernandinae Pall (off Fernandina, Florida. ) Rissoa stewardsoni Vanatta (named for Stewardson Brown of Bermuda, collector. Rissoina bryerea Montagu ( Bry ex ' s . ) Rissoina cancellata Philippi (trellis- like; decorated v/ith longitudinal and revolving lines; strongly cancellate.) Rissoina chesneli Michaud ( Che snel ' s . ) Rissoina decussata Montagu (decussated; striae crossing each other at acute an- gles.) Rissoina lae-'-jgata C.B.Adams (smooth; shell smooth, shining, ) Rissoina mayori Pall (named in honor of Pr, A. G. Mayor, of the Tortugas Biolo- gical Station.) Rissoina multicostata C.B.Adams (with many ribs; with about twenty-eight ribs on each vrtiorl, ) Rissoina sagraiana Orbigny ( named after Ramon de la Sagra, Pirector of the Bo- tanical Garden at Havana, Cuba, ) Rissoina striosa C, B.Adams (with striae. Microdochus floridanus Rehder (Florida.) 3, Family Synceridae. (This family is called Synceridae by some wri- ters, Synceratidae by others. Syncera may be Latin syncerus or sincerus: sincere, pure, neat. Is it derived from Gr. syn, with-^- ceras, cerat-, a horn or Lat. cera, v/ax?? wax or horn-colored?? Probably one of those words chosen by Gray for their euphonic com+ binations of syllables.) Genus Syncera Gray 1821. Ias the de- rivation is unknown, Syncera must be con- sidered feminine on account of its end- ing.) Syncera affinis Orbigny (closely allied tO} related to another.) Syncera auberiana Orbigny (named for Mr, Auber, collector. J Syncera modesta H.C.Lea (modest.) 4. Family Vi trine llidae. (Piminutive of vitrum, glass; translucent, transparent shells.) (<^- ','-.:■> ■: -'-^ ^ i a ) Genus Vitrin e 11a C.B Ad am s_l 8 50 , (La t . V i - trum, glass. Fern.) ca- 33 ; Vitrinella bicaudata PilsTjry & McGinty j ' ( Lat . two-tailed; foot is bifid, ) Vitrinel la carinata Orbigny (keeled, rinate , ) j Vitrinella carinifex Pall ( the last whorl, with the periphery at the posterior third gives an effect which calls to mind the rounded variety of the fresh- water Carinifex. (Ball) j Vitrinella cerion Pall (Gr. a honeycomb.), Vitrinella diaphana Orbigny ( di aphanous . ) i Vitrinella! filifera Pilsbry & KcGinty { | thread be'aring; with a strong thread j following the suture,) \ Vitrinella floridana Pilsbry & McGinty 1 "Tfrom Florida; Baker's Haulover, Miami I Beach, ) i Vitrinella georgiana Pall (obtained off j Georgia, U.S.A.) j Vitrinella helicoidea C.B.Adams (resem- | bling a Helix; spiral shaped, ) j Vitrinella massarita Pall (Lat, massaris,i grape from a v/ild vine; shell small, j trochiform, somewhat turrited appearance, Vitrinella planorbis Pall (flattened; the enrollment is remarkably planate,) Vitrinella rhyssa Pall (Gr. drawn up, wrinkled; shell small, depressed, sculp-j tured with close even prominent incre- i mental lines.) Vitrinella praecox Pilsbry & McGinty ( prel- j cocious; with well developed spiral j cords in immature stages.) ! Vitrinella terminalis Pilsbry & McGinty i ( terminal.! j Vitrinella tryoni Bush ( T ry o n • s ; n ame d I for GeorgB W^T Tryon, an American malaco- i legist, 1838-1888,) ' Vitrinella multistriata Verrill (with ma- I, ny striae; many spiral lines,) j Solariorbis beaui Fischer (named for Com- ' raander Beau of the French Navy who was j a great conchologist ; died in 1859 in I Guadeloupe, French ^7est Indies.) i Solariorbis euzonus Pilsbry & McGinty( eu, well, good ->- zona, zone, girdle; with i two strong spiral cords and fine spiral L striae below the penpheral keel.) c ) Genus Macromphalina | Macromphalina palmalitoris Pilsbry & Mc Pilsbry & McGinty I Ginty( Palma, Palm ->- litus, litoris, 1950. fGr. macros, long ! shore, beach; from Palm Beach, Florida.) -t- omphalos, navel, j umbilicus. Fern.) Tp arviturbo calidimaris Pilsbry & McGinty { "TLat, calidus, hot -r- mare, maris, sea; I the Gulf Stream; off Florida.) ■fc ) Genus Solario rbis Conrad 1865 . (La t , solarium, sun dial -*- orbis, a circle, Masc , ) c e V. d) Genus Parviturl^o PilsTory & McGinty 1945. (Lat, parvus , small + turbo, a whirl, spinning-top. A small Turbo .Masc.) 34 Parviturbo francesae Pilsbiy & McGinty (Prances'); named for Frances Allen, of Atlanta, Georgia.) Parviturbo granulum Pall (Diminutive of Lat. noun granura (neuter) , grain; granu- lar,) Parviturbo rehderi Pilsbry & McGinty (na- med" for Dr. Harald A. Rehder, curator of Mollusks, U.S. National Museum, Washing- ton, D. C.) Parviturbo turbinus Pall ( turbinate ; sub- conic shell,]" med f or 'Jay a'. Weber of Miami, Florida). e ) Genus Parviturbo ides Pilsbry & lIcGinty 19 50_. (Resembling a Parviturbo. Has over two nuclear whorls while Parviturbo has only about one nucle- ar whorl. Masc. ) I Parvi turboides interruptus G.B.Adams (in-! I terrupted; formerly called Vitrinella ] interrupta C.B. Adams.) Pa rviturb oi d e s^ interruptus zacalles Mazyd : fcr. very 'beautiful'; 'formerly known as j Cyc lo s_trema_z_a,calle s Mazy ck . ) I Pa^^jfcurbcrjj.e5^_Tnter'm sanibelensis i Pil,t-'bry"~("collected at Sanibe'l, Florida. )j f) Genus Ant iclimaxPi Is-! "Anticlimax calljglypta Dall (Gr, beauti- bry & McGinty 1946 . First called Climacia Dall. When the authors realizedthat this na- me had already been used for another ge- nus, they called this genus Anticlimax, the j opposite of a Climacial Fern, in Lat. & Gr.) :. fully carved An t i c 1 i max_a thleenae Pilsbry_& I 'IcGinty '("naiued"for"'Athleen Under^.vood, (Mrs. P.O. I Underwood.) ' Mli2.1ilS§i_l^£iy.5_£ii^-JX-^— — — ^ ( lat . ' and Gr. noun meaning a dome; shell is dome- shaped. ) Aorotrema cistronium Pall (Maybe from Gr. g) Genus Aorotrema Schwen ciste, a box, chestTT Aorotrema erraticum Pilsbry & McGinty( er- ratic; much more depressed than the o- ther species of this group.) Aorotrema pontogenes Schwengel & HcGinty "Cfroni the'"sea, sea-born.] el & McGinty 1942 . Gr, a5ros, deformed -t- trema, aperture, hole, ITeuter.) h) Genus Didianema Wood- f ring 1928 TTGr. di, jPidianema costulatum Mbller (with numer- two -r- dianema.threadj ous costae. Formerly listed as Mblleria Two spiral threads • costulata.Moller. ) disappearing upward jPidianema pauli Pilsbry & McGinty (named into umbilicus. Neuten! for Paul L. McGinty. ) i ) Genus Episcynia Mbrch 1875.rGr.the skin of the brows knitted by frowning. Minutely serrate keel at peri- phery. Feminine on account of its ending Episcynia multicarinata Pall (with many keels; a serrate carina. •■\ : 35 J ) Genus Cyclostremiscus Pilsbry & Olsson 1946. (Gr, cyclos, circle, round -i- tremiscus, diminutive of trema, a small apeaiture .Masc. k) h Cyclostremiscus jeannae Pilslory & McGin-: ty (named for Dr. Jeanne S. SchwengelTJ Cyclostremiscus suppressus Pall (suppres- sed; tase and top flattened. ) Genus Pseudomalaxis j P. Fischer 1885. (For- merly listed as Oma- laxis Deshayes 1850. ; Gr, pseudes, false — I horaalos, even, smooth; -/- axis, axis. False • Omalaxis. Masc) '■ l) Genus Teinostoma H, & A. Adams 1854, (Gr , teino, to stretch, extend ->- stoma, the mouth, lleuter,) Pseudomalaxis "balesi Pils"bry & McGinty (named for Dr. Blenn R. Bales, a concho- logist, 1876-1946.) Pseudomalaxis exqui situs Pall ( exqui site; "this is one of the most exquisite lit- tle gems of the sea that can "be imagin- ed." Dall.) P s eudomalaxis lamellifer (Pali) Rehder ""("hearing lamellaeTl Pseudomalaxis nobilis Verrill (noble . ) Teinostoma hiscaynense Pilshry & McGinty (from Biscayne Bay, at Coconut Grove, Miami, Florida.) T e inostoma carinicallum Pilshry & McGinty "XCarina -•- callus; the carina forms the outer border of the callus.) Teinostoma clavium Pilsbry & McGinty (Lat . clavis, key; genitive plural: of the keyq; of the Keys; from Key Largo, Florida.) Teinostoma cocolitoris Pilsbry & McGinty ( of the shore of the palms; the name, writes Pilsbry, is an attempt to get a Latin equivalent for "of Palm Beach,") Teinostoma cryptospira Verrill ( c ry p t o s , hidden -- spira, a noun meaning a spire; whorls are nearly concealed.) Teinostoma goniogyrus Pilsbry & McGinty (gonia, angle -- gyrus, a noun meaning a circle; the aperture is circular ex- cept for an angle above.) Teinostoma incertiAiTi Pilsbry & McGinty( un- ! certain. "The uncertainty implied in the I name, write Pilsbrj'- Sc McGinty, is as to I its systematic place. The deficient um- i bilical callus and the distinct suture i are rather unlike Teinostoma.") I Teinostoma lerema Pilsbry & McGinty ( Gr . I noun meaning a trifle; it is the small- i est of the Floridan species.) I Teinostoma lituspaluarum Pilsbry & McGin- 1 ty~('Lat . meaning shore of the palms, that j is Palm Beach; found from Palm Beach to ! Cape Florida. ) i Teinostoma nesaeum Pilsbry & McGinty ( Gr , I of an island, insular; from Missouri I Key and Southeast Florida.) i Teinostoma obtectum Pilsbry & McGinty 1 (Lat. covered, hidden; the callus smooth i ly covers the spire.) : Teinostoma parvicallum Pilsbry & McGinty ' ~r small -- callus ;umbilical callus small) -' I ■ ■I •-, M ^ ) Genus Adeorbia ^ood 1842. iLat. adeo, almost -^ orbis, a circle; almost cir- cular. Masc.) o ) Genus Cochliolepis f. Stimpson 1858. (Gr. cochlos, a snail -r- lepis, a scale. Fern.) P ) Genus Discopsis De yplin 1869. (Gr. discos, a round pla- te, disc -4- opsis, appearance. Fem, ) 36 Teinostoma pilsbryi McGinty (named for Dr. Henry A, Pilsbry, eminent American malacologist. ) Teinostoma reclusum Pall open, sus means both to shut up, close, ) ( in Lat, unclose reclu- and m) Genus Lydiphnis Mel- vill 1906. (According to Melvill, from Gr, lye, lya, dissoluti- on, separation -»- dipliao, to seek af- ter, hunt for. Could be masc. or fem, ) Lydiphnis dalli Bush (Ball's; named for William H. Dall, an eminent American malacologist, 1845-1927.) Lydiphnis hendersoni Pali (Henderson's; named in honor of John B. Henderson, an American malacologist, 1870-1923.) Lydiphnis lirata Verrill ( furrowed. ) ( shaped 1 Lydiphnis margaritif ormis Dall like a Margarites; resembling Margarites helicinus . ) Lydiphnis trans lucens Dall ( trans lucent ; shell translucent white, ) Lydiphnis trilix Bush (woven with three - sets of threads; triple-twilled.) of Adeorbis adamsi Fischer ( Adams ' ) Adeofbis beaui Fischer (named in honor Commander Beau of the French Navy, a great conchologist who died in Guadelou- pe, French "/est Indies, in 1859.) Adeorbis supranitidus_Wood( very shining . ) Adeorbis supranitidus ofbignyi Fischer (dedicated to Alcide D. d'Orbigny, a . French naturalist, 1802-1857.) Cochliolepis parasitica Stimpson (parasi- te; lives under the scales of a large I annelid, Acoetes lupinus,) 1 Cochliolepis striata (Stimpson) Dall j ( striated; marked by narrow fine paral- L lei lines or grooves.) Discopsis omala De Folin ( Gr , e ve n , smo o th ) 5. Family Skeneopsidae. (Named in honor of David Skene of Aberdeen, a contemporary of Linne.) Genus Skeneopsis I- redale 1915T(Dr . David Skene -!- op- sis, appearance. Looks like a Skenea. Fem.) Skeneopsis planorbis 0. Fabricius( flat- tened; flatly coiled, small spire.) L 6» Family Homalogyridae. (Gr, horaalos, smooth, even -t- gyros, round, circi ly Homaiogyj cle, ringT) Genus Homalogyra Homalogyra atomus Philippi (Lat noun r c I Jeffreys 1867. ( Pern . ) 37 meaning atom.) 1^ I 7, Family Rissoellidae, (Founded on Rissoa, which was named in honor of Risso, a naturalist, born in I'ice, France, 1777-1845.) Genus Rissoella Gray Rissoella cariTpaea Rehder (Caribbean; 1847. (FemT) ."found a"t Bonefish Key, Florida.) 8. Family Choristidae. (Gr. choristes, one who separates or sets a- . part", or choristos, separated. Verrill writes: "The peculiar struol ture of the animal and of its radula will not allow it to be pla- j ced in any family." It has to be separated.) { ^ ) Genus Choristes Car- ; Choristes elep:an3 tener Verrill ( e le gaji t ; | penter 1872TrMasc.T '_ delicate; shell is thin, fragile.) ; b ) Genus Choristella Bush 189 7. (Diminu- tive of Choristes, separated. Fern.) ; Choristella brychia Sush (Gr. from the ' depths of the sea; 810 fathoms.) j Choristella leptalea Bush (Gr. fine, de- ;. lie ate, thin.y~ III. SUPERFAIIILY CERITHIACEA (Gr, ceration, a little horn. Shells with horn-like form. Based on le Cerithe, name used by Adanson in 1757.) 1. Family Turritellidae. ( turreted. Common name: Lat, turris, a tower; Turret Shells,) turritus, towered. a ) Genus Turritella La- marck 1799. (Little tower. Fern,) ^ ) Genus Turritell o psi s GcO.Sars 1878 . {Tat . turritella, little tower -f- opsis, ap- pearance. Resembling a Turritella. Fern.) c ) Genus JTachyrhynchus Moroh 1868 . Tc-r . Lacliys, quick, fast rhynchus, a snout, beak, Neuter.) Turritella subannulata acropora Pall ( subj- armulata, somewhat ringed; acropora, piercing, boring with the point, also pierced at the end, with an opening at the end. Shell covered with fine spiral grooving; base slightly excavated.) Turritella variegata Linne ( vari egated ; color pale brownish variegated with cho- colate or purplish brown. ) Turritella exoleta Linne (Lat. not grow- ing any more, getting old.) Turritella yucatecana_Dall (from Yucatan . StraitTT" Turritellopsis acicula Stimpson (Lat. a small pin for a head-dress; shell small, bound vrith transverse ribs, of v/hich three are stoutest.) Turritellopsis floridana Pall (Florida.) Tachyrhynchus erosum_CouthouA/; (eroded; the apex is often erodedTT Tachyr hynchus reti cu latum Mighels & A- damsTnetted, with a network; shell with longitudinal folds and transverse striae. The whole surface of the shell has a reticulated appearance.) 2, Family Mathildidae. (From the proper name Mathilda. 0. Semper does c£ f not say who Mathilda was.) W a) Genus Mathilda Sem- per 18 55. r^em. ) 38 Mathilda amaea Pall ( so called beoause it look of the Epitonium to the name Amaea has been applied", I "has much which the Call.) Mathilda georgiana Pall (off Georgia.) Mathilda globulifera Pall (bearing globu-i le^with a relatively very large nucleusJi Mathilda granifera Pall (bearing granu- . ! les| it bears prominent granules.) | Mathilda hendersoni Pall (named for John an American malacologist. Pall (milk color; shell I Gegania jeffreysi Pall (named in honor of i John Gwynn Jeffreys, a celebrated Brit- I ish malacologist, 1809-1885.) I B. Henderson, 1870-1923.) i Mathilda lacteosa ; white.l i Mathilda rushi Pall (named in honor of ! Pr. W. H. Rush, U.S. Navy.) I Mathilda scitula Pall (Lat, pretty, ele- I gant.y ! Mathilda yucatecana Pall ( from Yucatan ' Strait.) b) Genus Gegania Jef- freys 1884. "[Greek feminine proper na- me. )Formerly listed as Tuba Lea 1835. (Lat. tuba, a trum- j pet.) (Eem.) ;_ 3. Family Architectonicidae. (Gr. architectonicos, pertaining to ar- chitecture, belonging to an architect. Common name: Sundials.) i" Architectonica delphinuloides Orbigny ( rej- i sembling a shell called Pelphinula.) Architectonica krebsi Mbrch (named for I Henry Krebs, a conchologist of Saint I Thomas, ^Vest Indies.) Architectonica nobilis R'dding (noble); formerly known as A. granulata Lamarck ; (granulated, covered with granulations.) i Architectonica peracuta Pall (very sharp; i periphery is very sharp, ) ! Architectonica sigsbeei Pall ( Sigsbee ' s ; ' named in honor of Lieutenant Commander 1 C.P. Sigsbee, U.S. Navy, of the "Blake" '. 1877-1878.) ! Torinia bisulcata Orbigny ( double- fur row- 1 ed; "sculptured with revolving grooves j which are cut by radiating furrows into j granules, the rows just above and below ! the suture being strongest . "Pall. ) For- i merly known as Architectonica bisulcata j Orbigny . i Torinia canalifera C.E.Adams (having a ' channel. This species has never been j described.) a) Genus Architectonica Roding 1798. (7em. ) b) Genus Torinia Gray 1842. (Maybe de r i ved from Torino, Turin, Gray, like Leach, is famous for choosing arbitrary names. Feminine . ) 'e <■ ..■.•^'' ■ or ..•,-r 39 JTorinia cyclostoma Menke (round mouth.) i I Torinia cylindrica Gmelin ( cy 1 i ndr i c al ; i i whorls somewhat rounded.) i »' c ) Genus 7 lux i na Dall 1882. (Lat. fluxus, a flow. Shells strongly carinate. Fern.) [riuxina "brunnea Dall (brown; shell light i Tarown; nucleus and umbilicus are dark I brown.) 4, Family Vermetidae. (From le Vermet, name given by Adanson in 1757 to a v/orm-like shell. No doubt Adanson derived it from the Latin vermis, a v/orm. Common name: ^Vorm Shells.) a) Genus Petaloconchus H.C.Lea 1845. ( Gr. from either petalon, a leaf or petalos, outspreadj| broad -- concha, shell Lives in closely pack-f ed colonies. Formerly! listed as Vermetus Daudin 1800. Masc.) ■. Petaloconchus erectus Dall (erect, high; early v/horls form a rounded pedestal, then the shell starts vertically upward with the remainder of the tube.) Petaloconchus irregularis Orbigny (irre- gular; loosely coiled, twisted. ) Petaloconchus irregularis varians Orbigny varying, different. ) Petaloconchus nigricans Dall (blackish.) b ) Genus B i vonia Gray 1850. '(dedicated to Bivona, an Italian naturalist. Fern.) Bivonia exserta Dall (Lat. stretching out, projecting. Shell attached by its tip, and rising upward and forvvard.) c ) Genus Siphonium Morch T 1859. (Gr. Lat. a ! Siphonium nebulosum Dill\7yn (cloudy.) hollov; body, any tubeJ Neuter.) i_ d ) Genus Serpulorbis Sassi 1827. (lat. little a serpula, a snake -+- orbis, circle. Circularly twisted, contorted. Masc, ) I Serpulorbis decussatus Gmelin ( decussatedi i X shaped; striae crossing each other at j acute angles.) 5. Family Siliquariidae. (Lat. siliqua, a pod, husk. Has been called Tenagodidae, from Gr. tenagodes, standing in pools, covered with shoal-water, but Tenagodus is now rejected as non-binomial.) a ) Genus Siliquaria Bruguiere 1789 . "(Not Tenagodus Guettard 1770 v/hich has been re- jected. Fem. ) b ) Genus Vermicularia Lamarck 1799. "(Lat . vermi cuius, a little worm. Fern.) ■Siliquaria modesta Dall (modest; shell ! small, coils seldom more than 25 mm; di- I ameter of the mouth 3 mm. or less; pro- j bably the young of the next species.) I Siliquaria squamata Blainville ( scaly ; i whorls may be very spinose. ) I Vermicularia s-pirata Philippi (spiral, I coiledTT ■ Vermicularia fargoi Olsson ( Fargo ' s ; nama; for 7illiam Fargo, Pass-a-Grille, Florida.) V 40 6. Family Caecidae. (Lat . caecus, blind; caecum, blind gut.) ^ ) Genus ^ aecum Flemi ng 1817. (Neuter.l "b ) Genus Meioceras Car- penter 1858 . fGr . meion, smaller -^ ceras, horn. Consi- dered "by some as a subgenus only, lleuter. ) I Caecum annulatum Brown ( ringed. ) i Caecum auriculatum De Folin (Lat .auriculai auricula te.) I De Folin (divided into j ear, ear lobe; j Caecum- bipartitum tv;o parts.l pa Caecum North Caecum carolinianum Carolina.!" Dall (Carolina; •ff I cayo sense Rehder (from the Florida "Keys; Cayo in Spanish stands for Key.) Caecum clarki Carpenter (Clark's.) Caecum cooperi S. Smith (Cooper's.) Caecum'co rone Hum Dall (with a little crown; the tube is suddenly enlarged, forming a stout ring around the aperture]) Caecim decussatum De Folin (decussated; j X shaped; intersected by crossed lines.)! Caecum floridanum Stimpson (Florida; oc- curring from North Carolina to Florida.) Caecum glabrum Montagu ( smooth, ) Caecum instructum De Folin (arranged, fur+ nished. ) Caecum nebulosum Rehder (cloudy; vinace- ous brown. ) Caecum pulchellum Stimpson (rather hand- some; of a pale yellowish-brown color, and sculptured with about twenty-five j strong rounded ribs . ) I Caecum .lohnsoni Winkley ( Johnson ' s ; named i for Charles ^f. Johnson.) Caecum tortile Dall (twisted; shell curved "slightly tv/isted so that it is two directions.) in Meioceras deshayesi De Folin (named for Gerard Paul Deshayes, a French concholo- gist, 1796-1876.) Meioceras lermondi Dall (named for Norman ^y. Lermond, 1861-1944.) Meioceras nitidum Stimpson (shining.) Meioceras undulosum De Folin (wavy.) 7, Family Planaxidae. (Lat. planus, flat -t- axis, axis.) Genus Planaxis La- I Planaxis_lineatus Da Costa (lined; with marck__1822.rMasc. ) j spiral bands. ) i Planaxis nucleus Brugui^re (kernel . ) 1 8. Family Modulidae. (Lat. modulus, a little measure.) Modulus modulus Linne (little measure; Modulus floridan"u3 Conrad (Florida) is Genus Modulus Gray the same.T" 1842. {Masc. ) Modulus carchedonius Lamarck (sort of ruby. Shell is grayish ?;hite with spots of purplish brown. Formerly known as { Modulus angulatus C. B. Adams (angled, ,_ angulate.y 0 9. Family Potamididae. (Gr, 41 potamos, river; of or from a river; shal- low-water dwellers; intertidal mud lovers.) ICerithidea costata Da Costa (ribbed; sculptured with thick vertical ribs.) Cerithidea costata turrita Stearns ( tur- the a ) Genus Cerithidea ^.'/ainson 1840. (Gr , ceration, a little horn; resembling a Cerithium. Fem.) "b ) Genus Batillaria Ben- son 1842. (Perhaps Lat. batillum, a cas- solette, perfume-box or pan. Fern,) rited; v/ith straighter ribs than preceding one.) Cerithidea costata beattyi Bequaert ( na- med for H. A. Beatty, collector. ) Cerithidea pliculosa Llenke (with folds; shell with vertical ribs and fine spiral striae, ) Cerithidea pliculosa veracruzensis Be- quaert (holotype from Vera Cruz, Mexico.) Cerithidea scalarif ormis Say (staircase- shaped. J Batillaria minima Gmelin (very small; largest adult 21.4 mm. Cerithium minimum nigrescens Menke (dark colored) and Ce- rithium septemstriatum Say (with seven striaej are the same as B. minima Gmelin.) Batillaria minima rawsoni Morch ( nam.ed for Governor Rawson, of the Bahamas.) Batillaria minima degenerata Pall (dege- nerated; scarcely sculptured longitudi- nally.) a) G Cerithium Bru- ^ 10. Family Cerithiidae. (Gr. ceration, a little horn. Shells with horn- like form. Based on le Cerithe, name used by Adanson in 1757.) Cerithium algicola C.B.Adams (Lat. alga, seaweed -^ cola, inhabitant; seaweed dweller. ) Cerithium atratum Born (blackish; gray with dark brown sliades or entirely cho- colate, ) Cerithium auricomumSchwengel (Lat. auri- comus, an adjective, golden hair; color white, but with pale yellow or light brown in the intervals of the spiral striae, ) Cerithium biminiense Pilsbry & McGinty (from Bimini Island, Bahamas. Known also as Thericiura biminiense.) Cerithium chara Pilsbry (a root, stake; shell long and very slender; has nume- rous whorls.) Formerly known as Theri- cium chara. ) Cerithium eburneum Bruguiere (ivory; co- lor from white to brown."] Cerithium floridanum M'drch (Florida.) Cerithium literatum Born flettered; white v/ith black spots. 1 Cerithium literatum semiferrugineum La- marck tpartly resembling iron rust in color; the ground is white variegated with yellowish brown.) Genus guiere 1789. Genus Thericium Monterosa- to 1890 is this ge- nus. {"This name The- ricium is a trans- position of letters c and th of Cerithi- um. Neuter.) ■i ! ■■..i {'■ ,-IOVi.-i , Q :;9t. ( - 1. t) c) Genus Bltti um Leach 1847. (FJw Bittion, a feminine proper name. On account of its neuter ending Conchologists make it neuter. ) Genus Litiopa Rang 1829. (Gr. litos, smooth, plain, sim- ple -- ope, hole, aperture. Common name: Simple Mouth Shells. ;Fem, ) d) Genus Alaha H.&; A. r Adams 185 3. ( Gr.ala- ba, coal-dust, soot; I the first five or j six whorls are dark colored, the re- mainder whitish or ashy, often marked with brownish, Pem.) 42 Cerithium lymani Pilsbry (named for Frank Lyman of Lantana, Florida, who collected the specimen.) Formerly known as Thericium lymani, ! Cerithium muscarum Say (of the flies;has j small "brown dots on a white background.) I Cerithium uncinatum Gmelin (bent, curved |! I basal canal recurved.") t j Cerithium variabile C.B.Adams (variable; ! I color brownish or blackish, often with ! |_ white. ) i I Bittium alternatum Say (alternate; the j upper whorls of a blue-black or slate color, and two or three of the lower o- nes usually much lighter, white or ash gray, write Gould & Binney.) Bittium varium Pfeiffer (varied; color varying from purplish white to purple brown. ) Bittium virginicum Henderson & Bartsch (Virginian; from Chincoteague Bay, Vir- ginia. ) Bitti\;im adamsi Pall ( Adams ' . ) Bittium cerithidioides Pall (resembling a Cerithidea; "this shell has a strong resemblance to a minute Cerithidea", writes Ball. The Gr. ending "oides" is masc, fem,, and neuter. Cerithidioide is not correct.) Litiopa basistriata Rang (with the base striated; base with ten or more sharply cut striae.) Litiopa melano stoma Rang (black mouth; shell light brown; ) also called Litiopa bombyx Rang ( silk^,7orm. ) Litiopa striata Pfeiffer (striate.) Alaba conoidea Pall (resembling a cone; conic. ) Alaba tervaricosa C.B.Adams (with three varices; there are several varices on the whorls. ) Cerithiopsis crystallina Pall (res emb ling a crystal; shell translucent vvhite.) , Cerithiopsis greeni C.B.Adams ( named for ! Jacob Green, an American naturalist, 1790-1841.) Cerithiopsis georgiana Pall (collected off GeorgiaT) Cerithiopsis martensi Pall (dedicated to j Edward K. von Martens, a German concho- i legist, 1831-1904.) fe) 43 Cerithiopsis matara Pall (a Celtic jave- lin.) Cerithiopsis sigsTpeeana Pall (named for Lieutenant Conamander C.P.Sigsbee, U.S. Navy, of the Blake Expedition, 1877-78.) Cerithiopsis tubercularis floridana Pall (having tuberclesi from FloridaTl Cerithiopsis pulchella Jeffreys ( rather pretty. ) Cerithiopsis vanhyningi Bartsch (named for Pr, T, Van Hyning, Pirector of the Florida State Museum, Gainesville.) C ® rithiopsis virginica Henderson & Bartsclji ""("from Virginia, Chincoteague Island, ) Cerithiopsis ahrupta ''.Vatson (abrupt; apex excessively blunt and abrupt.) Cerithiopsis metaxae Pelle Chiaje ( named for the Italian naturalist Metaxa.) Cerithiopsis metaxae taeniolata Pall( tae- niolata, from taeniola, a little band, ribbon; filletted; shell has a single narrow band appearing in the interspaces between the ribs.) I Cerithiopsis costulata Mbller (with cos- j taeTT i Cerithiopsis emersoni C.B.Adams ( named for George B. Emerson, President of the e) Genus Cerithiopsis ' Boston Society of Natural History, This Forbes & Hanley 1849. j species is the same as the next one.) ("or. ceration, little! Cerithiopsis subulata Montagu (Lat, subu- la, awl; awl- shaped, She 11 long, conical. ) Cerithiopsis althea Pall ( Lit, Gr. marsh mallow. Shell shining white.) Cerithiopsis apicina Pall (from apex, a- picis, tip, point; shell long-conical.) Cerithiopsis argentea Pall ( si 1 ve ry ; she 1 1 si Ivery white, ) Cerithiopsis benthica Pall (Gr. benthos, depth of the sea; living in deep waters, 440 fathoms.) Cerithiopsis decora Pall (decorated, ele- gant; with condensed and fine sculpture.) Cerithiopsis docata Pall ( meaning un- known.")" Cerithiopsis elima Pall (filed up, pol- ished; shell whitish, glossy, with a smooth nucleus and whorls feebly sculp- tured. ) Cerithiopsis eliza Pall (probably a pro- per nameTT Cerithiopsis elsa Pall (probably a proper name .y~ Cerithiopsis honora Pall (honorable, wor- thy of honor; probably a proper name.) Cerithiopsis leipha Pall (wanting blood, I grov/ing pale; shell whitish.) I Cerithiopsis merida Pall (name of a city i in Yucatan, Mexico. ) Cerithiopsis petala Pall (broad, flat or horn -f- opsis, aspect, appearance. Fem. ) ,f 1 OT;^; ■• \ •■• 1. , 1. ■/ C-- ; c ■" •.;-;i ■.': -:■ i. : t ."■ 1 t . ■•■ i »■ ?■ ■■■■ /■.,-■'-' Sella adamsi H.C.Lea ( Adams ' ) Sella subalbida Pall (somewhat white; shell white with pale "brownish spots.) m I) 44 i simply petal??) Cerlthlopsls serlna Sail (serine, a white crystalline suhstance; shell white.) Cerlthlopsls vltrea Pall (glassy; shell vitreous white.) f) Genus Cerlthiella iCerlthiella producta Pall (long, length- Verrlll 18«2. (Pim- I ened.) inutlve of aeration, Cerlthiella whlteavesi Verrlll (named for little horm. Fern.) J. P. 'JIThiteavesTT g) Genus Sella A.Adams r isei.rsella is for j Gr, seira, a cord, string. The revolving ridges on each whorl look like little strings wound around the shell. Pall wri- tes; "The spiral rlh- iDlng seems to charao terize the shell," Fem, ) 11, Family Trlphoridae. (Gr. treis, trl-, three r-phero, to hear. Bear- ing three. There are three rows of heads on each whorl.) iTrlphora ahrupta Pall (abrupt; form ab- ruptly tapered. y Trlphora hlgenma Watson (with two preci- ous stones; shell yellowish white or pu- re white on the upper part of the spire; there is a suffused pale tint of "brov/n on the "base of each whorl.) Trlphora higeiTima hircus Pall (hi reus j a he-goatTT Trlphora colon Pall (colon.) Trlphora cyllndrella Pall (Pall writes: " Ov;ing to the anterior taper, this spe- cies has the aspect of a diminutive Cy- llndrella. " Trlphora decorata ollvacea Pall (decora- ~ed7~dorned, mottled; ollvacea: olive- color. ) ±£iEl}2.I§:_lila£iO.§:_5§ii (lilac; shell of a rich pink lilac color.) Trlphora longlssima^Pall (very long; shell 1 very much elongated.! • Trlphora me lanura C . B . Adams . ( Gr . hlack- j tailed; "the apex is dark brown.) iTrJ-phora mirabllis C.B.Adams (admirable; ] remarkable for the small size of the a- i perture . ) j Tr i£ho ra_nl gro cl nc ta C . B . Adams (girdled I with black; shell brown Y/ith a dark I brown base. ) T r 1 Bbp.Zg:-""^^"'^^^^^ nigroclncta C.B.Adams "[perversa, left handed; spiral turns to the left. Is the same as preceding one.) Genus Trlphora Blain- ville 1828. TFem.! r C I) 45 I i Triphora pulchella C.B.Adams ( rather j pretty; snow white with a spiral "band ofj I bright brown.) ; Triphora pyrrha Henderson & Bartsch ( f la- i me-colored, yellowish red. ) j Triphora rushi Pall (named in honor of Dr I ij, H.Rush, who collected it.) j Triphora samanae Pall (from Samana ^ay, j Santo "Domingo 71 Triphora torticula Pall (somewhat twisted columella twistedTl Triphora triserialis Pall (three rows; sculpture of three spii^al rows of tuber- cles. ) Triphora triserialis aspera Jeffreys (rough . 1 Triphora triserialis intermedia Pall ( in- termediate; tv/o principal rov/s of tuber- cles and betv/een them a smaller spiral riblet, ) Genus Triphora Blain-! Triphora turristhomae Qrbigny (Thomas ville 1828. (Fern. ) I tov^er; probably found near a tov/er at j St. Thomas Island, '.'/est Indies.) I Triphora compsa Pall (Gr. well dressed, ! pretty, elegant; neat.) Triphora enopla Pall (Gr. in arms, armed; spiral sculpture of two beaded cords with the prominent beads linked in pairs by axial ridges.) Triphora gaesona Pall (a sort of javelin; I shell acute. y j Triphora ibex Pall (kind of goat, chamois.) Triphora inflata Watson (inflated; with I a blunt inflated apex.) j Triphora meteora Pall (meteor.) Triphora pompona Pall (v/ith a pompon; shell with a smooth inflated white pro- toconch, ) Triphora pompona dinea Pall (whirling, roundedT) Triphora sentoma Pall (meaning unknovm.) Triphora caracca Pall ( a carack, a galle- on; probably found near that kind of ship.) Triphora georgiana Pall (off Georgia.) Triphora indigena Pall ( native . ) 1 2 . Family Janthinidae , Violet ShellsT) (Gr. janthinos, violet-colored. Common name i Genus Janthina Ro- ding 1798. (Fern.) j Janthina .janthina Linne (violet-colored; "beneath the angle the color is deep I violet, lighter about the axis, and abo- j ve it the color is merely tinted with I violet." Janthina fragilis Lam, (fragile}) i is the same, j Janthina exigua Lamarck ( sraa 11, short.) j Janthina globosa Sv/ainson (globe-shaped; it is rounded, globular.) .;,J I : .1 :-r \'} 46 IV. SUPERFAIIILY EPITONIACBA (Gr, epitonos, stretched, strained, Coininon name: Wentletraps or Stair- case Shells.) Pamily Epitoniidae. ( Same etymology as ahove . ) M ^ ) Genus Epi to n i ura_R6 - din,-^ 1798.(0?. stret- ched, strained. Neuter, ) J and Epitonium echinaticostum Or"bigny (Gr. Lat, echinus, a hedgehog; echinatus, spiny -j-costa, rih; the costae are spiny Epitonium duhkerianum Pall (named for T/ilhelm Dunker, a German naturalist) & Epitonium blandi Morch (named for Thomas Bland, an English naturalist, 1809-1885) are the same as E, echinaticostum, accor- ding to Johnsonia.) Epitonium albidum Orbigny (whitish; color a shiny v/hite; sometimes yellowish hrowri Epitonium angulatum Say (angled; at the whorl shoulder costae form an angle. Epi- tonium turbinatum Conrad (turbinate) is the^same . ") Epitonium apiculatum Pall (pointed; vari- ces erect. ) Epitonium "babylonium Pall ( B aby Ionian.) Epitonium candeanum Orbigny (named for Ferdinand de Cande, a French naval offi- cer who collected shells in the West Indies, ) Epitonium centiquadrum Morch ( Lat , c e n turn , a hundred -;- quadrum, quadra, squares. Eine and square network.) Epitonium clathratulum 3ov/erby ( Lat . c 1 a- thra, a trellis.] Epitonium dallianum Verrill & Smith ( na- med for 'Tilliam H. Pall, an eminent A- merican raalacologist, 1845-1927.) Epitonium denticulatum Sov/erby; (toothed; each varix has a tooth- like angle.) | Epitonium eburneuan Potiez & Michaud ( i - vory; species not well defined according to W.J. Clench and Ruth P.Turner in John- sonia; it should be dropped from the list of Western Atlantic species.) Epitonium f oliaceicostum _Orbigny ( Lat . foliaceus, from folium, leaf, leaflike -«-costa, rib; ribs are fairly high, fori ming like leaves, Epitonium novemcosta- i turn Morch (with nine costaey~is the I s ame , J I Epitonium fractum Pall (broken; shell de- collate; suture deep.) Epitonium frielei Pall (named for Herman Eriele of Eergen, For^^/ay.) Epitonium humphreysi Kiener ( Humphreys • ) Epitonium krebsi Morch ("named for Henx'y Krebs of St. Thomas, West Indies.) Epitonium contorquatum Pall (twisted; globose turbinate; is according to John- t a ) Genus Epitonium Ro- ding 1798. (Continued^ Neuter, T" 47 .,; sonia only a young specimen of E.krelDsi.); Epitonium lame llo sum Lamarck (lamellose; i j with numerous thin, high, blade-like a- i I xial costae.) I i Epitonium marcoense Pall (from Marco, j i Florida.) \ lEpitonium multistriatum Say (with many j j raised lines; decorated with numerous i j rihs and fine revolving lines between j j the ribs. ) lEpitonium muscapedium Sail (fly legs; thin, elongated small varices.) Epitonium nitidellum Pall (rather shi- ning; brilliantly polished on the four nuclear whorls.) Epitonium novangliae Couthouy (of llev/ England; from Massachusetts, ) Epitonium occidentale Nyst (western; E^i- tonium tenue Sowerby (thin) is the saae.;i Epitonium pernodestum Pall ( ve ry modest.) Epitonium pourtalesi Verrill & Smith (na- med for Count Louis Fran9ois de Pourta- les, 1823-1880.) Epitonium rupicola Kurtz (dweller of the lives in the crevices of stones, j rupicolum in Johnsonia, which is | as the suffix "cola" remains J in the three genders, Spitoni- is traversed the same . ) Epitonium rushi_Pall (Rush's; named in U.S. Navy.) rocks ; Called incorrect unchanged *.. ^^^^ ^..^^^ „ — urn lineatum Say (lined) (it by at least sixteen ribs) is (Rush' s Rush, H. Pall (Lat. masc. npuh . "carried by persons of pink color, brilliant- honor of Pr. W. Epitonium scipio meaning a staff rank; shell livid ly polished, smooth.) Epitonium sericifilum Pall (Lat. sericum, silk -hfilum, thread; with extremely fi- ne sharp striae. "It recalls a piece of stranded cable in v/hich the separate twines stand out clearly." (Pall) Epitonium teres Bush (Lat. long, round and somewhat smooth.) Epitonium tollini Bartsch (named for Os- car Tollin who sent the specimen to W. H. Pall.) Epitonium turriculum Sowerby (little tow- er; whorls scarcely touching.) Epitonium venosum Sowerby (having nume- rous veins; has numerous blade-like cos- tae. Epitonium modestum C.B.Adams (mo- dest), Epitonium erectispini.im Morch ( w i th erect spines) are the same.) Epitonium virginicum Henderson & Bartsch iJpitc [fv'c ,.^om Virginia;"" Chincoteague, Virginia.) Epitonium unifasciatum Sowerby (enveloped] with a single band; color white with a j spiral band of brown near the suture.) j Epitonium fragile Gray (frail, fragile; | t) c) d) e) Genus Acirsa Morch 1857,'CGr. a, ("priva- tive), without 4- cirsos, a dilated vein. Varices are obsolete; sculpture much reduced, Pem, ) Genus Cirsotrema Morch 18527Tgt . cirsos, a dilated vein -I- trema, a hole, aperture, ITeuter, ) Genus Sthenorytis Conrad 1862 . (Gr. sthenos, strength -+- rytis, wrinkle; strong wrinkles or costae, Feni, ) 4 48 shell minute; length 4,5 mm to 6 mm,) Bpitonium eulitum Pall (Gr. eu, well -r- litos, smooth; shell polished, whorls smooth, ) Epitonium groenlandicum Perry ( from Gree land.J" Epitonium f ormosissimum Jeffreys (very handsomeTl Epitonium polacium Pall (impossible to find the meaning of this word; prohahly it is a misprint for poliacum \7hich would "be derived from Lat, polia, a pre- cious stone of grayish color, or Gr, polios, gray, white, as the shell is grayish-white.) Acirsa gracilis Verrill (slender, thin,) Acirsa costulata Mighels & Adams ( \7 i t h costae; the costae are numerous but in- conspicuous. Acirsa borealis Beck (nor- thern) is the same, ) i Cirsotrema dalli Rehder (named for Tilli- I am H. Pall, an eminent Ajnerican raalaco- logist, 1845-1927.) Cirsotrema pilsbryi McGinty (named for Pr, Eenry A. Pilsbry, one of the great- est American malacologists, 1862- .) Cirsotrema cochlea Sowerby ( Lat . noun meaning a snail. Y Cirsotrema leeanum Verrill (named in ho- nor of Professor L,A,Lee, of Bowdoin College and of the U.S. Eish Cormr.ission^ Cirsotrema linteatum Schwengel (dressed in linen; transparent, glossy white,) Sthenorytis cubana Bartsch ( from Cuba . ) Sthenorytis epae Eartsch~Tmeaning un- known.) Sthenorytis hendersoni Bartsch (named foi John B. Henderson, an Ai^erican malacolo- gist, 1870-1923,) Sthenorytis pernobilis Eischer & Bernard i Genus Opalia H.& A. Adams 1853, (Lat . opalus, opal, a precious stone. Color TKhite to light ivory, i Xvery nobleTy Opalia watsoni de Boury ( '.7a t s o n ' s ; name d for R.B.Watson, a British conchologist, of the "Challenger" expedition,) Opalia burryi Clench & Turner ( Bur ly ' s ; named for L.A.Burry, collector.) Opalia crenata Linne (notched, indented; crenulations at the suture,) Opalia hotessieriana Orbigny Earned for St, Cyr Hotessier, a conchologist of Guadeloupe, French West Indies,) Opalia andrewsi Verrill (Andrev/s'; named for E.A.Andrews, of the U.S.Eish ConmiiS' SI ion. ) .f... .-c.c: . Oii'^'^Jt: "i 'i '■'■' „v-v ■■'.••:• f ) Genus Amaea H. & Tone A. 49 Opalia discobolaria Pall (Gr. discoboloSjj a thrower of the discus; the "base is ; disk-like.) j Opalia pumilio Mbrch( dwarf ; length 10 mm.) Opalia pumilio morchiana Pall (named f or j Otto Andreas L. Morch, 1828-1878.) j Opalia aurifila Pall (Lat. auruiji, gold -i-[ filutn, thread; fine reticulated pattern^ color light and dull brown. ) i Opalia eolis Clench & Turner (named for { John B. Henderson's yacht, the Eolis.) j Amaea mitchelli Pall ( Mi t che 1 1 ' s , ) Amaea retifera Pall (having a net; the whorls are closely reticulated; they ha ve quite a regular reticulated pattern.) g ) Genus ITystiella Clench & Turner 1953, (Pedicated to Pierre, Henri ITyst, a dis- tinguished Belgian malacologist, 1815- 1880. Fem. ) Adams 1854rT0ne of those names inven- ted by the brothers Adams. May be deri- ved from Gr. "a", without -I- Lat.raaea, a crab; without a crab ( inside the shell). Fern.) ■. l^Tystiella atlantis Clench & Turner( named after the ketch Atlantis, the research vessel of the i7oods Hole Oceanographic Institute . ) Nystiella azelotes Pall (Gr, not to be envied. y~ Nystiella caniixm Pall (a Gr, noun, caneon or caneion, meaning a basket of reed or cane; the shell is reticulated.) Nystiella concava Pall (concave; v/horls quite flattened; base quite concave from the carina to the pillar (in the type , ) ! Nystiella opalina Pall ("the flattish j whorls and shallow suture recall Opalia', ' writes Pall. Shell translucent white.) i Epitonium lavaratum Pall is the same. V. SUPERFAMILY HIPPONICACEA (Gr. hippos, horse — onyx, a hoof. According to etymology, Hipponica-' cea, Hipponicidae and Hipponix should be written Hipponj^cacea, Hippo- n^cidae and Hipponjrx. Pall writes: "The name Hipponi^x was consistently used by Pefrance and others, and no derivation given in the original diagnosis." Common name: Hoof Shells.) 1. Family Hipponicidae. (Same etymology as above.) a ) Genus Cheilea Modeer 1795. (Gr. cheilos, lip; the shell has a puckered edge. Fem, ) j Cheilea equestris Linne ( equestrian;hor- : se-shoe shaped plate inside the shell.) i Cheilea equestris tortilis Reeve ( twisted : ! crumpled or shrivelled towards margin.) i Hipponix antiquatus Linne ( gr ov/n o 1 d ; the I periostracum is absent or very thin.) ; Hipconix benthophilus Pall (Gr. benthos. i t> ) Genus Hipponix De- f ranee 1819. (Masc . ) 50 depth of the sea -'- philo, to like; lov 4 of the depths; found in 50-373 fathoms.)! Hipponix subrufus subrufus Lamarck (some- what red; light orange-brown, ) 2. Family Vanikoridae. (Named after Vanikoro, Pacific Ocean, where the French navigator assassinated by the natives in 1788.) an island of the South La Perouse perished Genus Vanikoro Quoy ■ Vanikoro oxychone Morch (Gr. oxys, sharp & Gaimard ISSS.'fMasc j : -nchone, funnel; shell has a large aper- ' ture, and a deep, narrow umbilicus.) VI. SUPERFAMILY CALYPTRAEACEA (Gr. calyptra, a veil, hood. Shell basin- shaped serving as a cover to the animal . ) 1. Pamily Trichotropidae. (Gr. trichs, trlchos, hair bottom. The periostraciAm is liairy.) tropis, keel. a ) Genus Trichotropis Broderip & 3ov/erby 18297rFem.y b ) Genus Torellia Loven 1867. (Dedicated to 0. Torell, a natura- list. Fem. ) c) Genus Crepitacella Guppy 1867. (Lat , crepitacillura, a rattle (a child's toy) . Formerly call- ed Dolophanes Gabb 1872, Fem.) Trichotropis bicarinata Sowerby ( two- keeled; has two strong carinae at the periphery, ) Trichotropis borealis Broderip & Sowerby ( northern. ) Trichotropis borealis costellata Couthouy ( costellata: ribbed; encircled by many ' ribs, some prominent.) Trichotropis conica Moller (conical.) Trichotropis migrans Pall (migrant, mi- gratory; the first of the genus to be found in tropical waters.) Trichotropis nuda Pall (nude, bare, de- prived of ornament; no hairy periostra- cum, ) Trichotropis turrita Pall (turrited.) 'Torellia fimbriata Verrill & Smith( frin- ged; on the last whorl there are about ten carinae, each of v;^hich has long j epidermal hairs.) ! Torellia vestita Jeffreys (dressed, coverf L edTT Crepitacella columbella Pall (dove-color. Crepitacella gabbi Pall (Gabb's; named for ¥, M,' Gabb, 1839-1878.) Crepitacella leucophlegma Pall (white in- flamraation; shell pearly white with ra- pidly enlarging v/horls, roundly inflatecj Crepitacella vestalis Rehder (belonging to Vesta, the virgin goddess of the hearth; pure; shell yellowish white.) | d ) Genus Separa t ista Gray 1847, (Tat. separare, to separ- ate.A dissenter, Masc^ Separatista cingulatus Verrill shell strongly spirally _ strongly bicarinate periphery.) (with beHt grooved, with a O'X • •''■nc: « • • t .. .1 (if 51 2. Family Capulidae. ( Lat, capulus, a handle; Montfort gave the transj- lation "cahochon" for Capulus: something knohlike , Common name: Little Caps. Cap-shaped Shells.) Genus Capulus Mont- fort 1810. (Masc.)" ICapulus incurvatus Gmelin ( i ncurve d . ) iCapulus intor tu-s lemarck (twisted; obli- ! q.uely spir-ii cj iCapulus ur;g:;-r'lcus Lir.na (Hungarian. ) 3 . Family Calyptraeidae . Bonnet Shells, ) (Gr. calyptra, a veil, hood. Common name: a ) Genus Calyptraea La- marck 1739. CFem7)~ b ) Genus Cruci"bulum Schu.macher 1817. Lat. a hanging lamp, an earthen pot for melting metals. Com- mon name: Cup and Saucer Shells.I'euter) Calyptraea centralis Conrad ( ce nt ral ; apex is central.) Cr u cibulum. meaning ear; eared r 1 j ed with fine radiating Crucibulum av-ricula coptatujn fern, noun depress- ^ur i cula _ G^-'^_i-in (Lat. ;cxi rather lines.) Say (ribbed; .without ribs but with strong • fine lines en thcnic ) :Crucibului-i gtrj.atu.m Say (striated; with ' numerous slightly elevated radiating Genus Crepidula La- marck 1799. (Lat . crepidula, a small sandal. Coonon name: Slipper Shells. Fem.) lines, ) ICrepidula aculeata Gmelin (thorny, prick- j ly; V7ith thorny or spin^r ridges.) ' Q£xP idula fornicata Linno (arched; its d) Genus Crepidula La- ' convexity varies according to the object ; on which its rests.) ICrepidula glauca Say (of a grayish-green ' color. ) ^Crepidula glauca convexa Say ( convex; she.].; ' is deeply convex.) ' Crepidula maculosa Conrad (spotted, stai- j ned; 'vith mauve-brovn olotches.) , Crepidula plana Say ( f la t ; ge ne r al app e a- ranee is flat.) i I VII. SUPERFA^ilLY STR0LSAC3A t I I i (Gr, Lat. strombus neans a spiral, anything twisted or whorled. Shell j I bears some resemblance to a spinning top. ITame used already by Plir ' I Common name: Strombs . ) ! ' 1. Family Xenophoridae. (Gr, xenos, strange -'- phoros, from phero, to j i carry. So called from their carrying foreign objects attached to j I their shell. Common name: Carrier Shells.) i I a ) Genus Xenophora Fis- cher von 'Taldheim 1807. (FemTT Xenophora conchyliophora Born {Gr, conchylion, shell -.-phoros, carry- ing; covered with other shells, co- ral, small stones. According to Dr. Abbott should not be called Xenophon ra trochiformis 3orn ( shaped like ' cone or top,) which is a Peruvian ■ shell.) Tugurium caribaeum. Petit de la Saussaye 4 ■fa) Genus Tugurium P. Fischer 1876. (fat, a hut, cabin, Not re- cognized as a genus "by some, Neuter.) 52 I I Caribbean; called by some Xenophora cari- I baea Petit de la SaussayeT] Tugurixxm longleyi Bartsch (Longley's; na- med for Dr. William H. Longley, executi- ve officer of the Marine Biological La- j I boratory of the Carnegie Institution at j i the Tortugas, Florida; also called Xeno-i • phora longleyi Bartsch, ) 2« 7ami ly Apo r rhai dae . ( ;^Tame already used by Aristotle for a kind of shell fish; from aporrheo, to flow away. Common name: Pelican's Foot.) Genus Aporrhais da Costa 1778. (Fem.T Aporrhais occidentalis Beck (western.) Aporrhais occidentalis labradorensis C.W , Johnson (from Labrador, ) Aporrhais occidentalis mainensis C> ¥, Johnson (from Mai ne , ) 3. Family Strombidae. (Strombus means anything twisted or whorled.) Strombus canaliculatus Burry (channelled; I wrongly channelled, ) Strombus costatus Gmelin (ribbed; on the is pinched up in- body whorl the surface to wavy folds . ) S t rombus costatus spectabilis A.H.Verrill "fCadmirable, remarkable; shorter and chunkier Strombus £ Genus S trombus Linne 1758. fMascl than S, costatus. Same species, alius Linne (cock, rooster.) Strombus gigas Linne~( giant ; length of the large adult, 300 iran; width, 210 mm.) Strombus gigas verrilli Thomas McGinty ( named for Alpheus Hyatt Verrill; may not be atrue species.) Strombus goliath Sowerby (Goliath, the Philistine giant; length 310 mm; width, 231 ram.) Strombus pugilis Linne ( fighting, ) Strombus pugilis alatus Gnelin (winged-; outer lip winged, expanded,)" Strombus raninus Gmelin ( Lat . rana , a frog; recalling a frog; it is double knobbed. Formerly Called S. bituberou-4.' tus Lamarck (with two knobs 7] Strombus raninus nanus Bales ( dwarf . ) Strombus soxiba Clench ( Saniba , a mixed breed; so called because it may be a hy. '. brid of S. gigas and S. costatus.) VIII. SUPERFAMILY CYPRAEACEA (Lat, Cypria, a surname of Venus, the Cyprian goddess.) 1. Family Lamellariidae. (Lat. lamella, a thin plate, a layer.) j Lamellaria cochinella Louise M.Perry |"Xfrom Spanish cochinilla, (not from Frend. i cochinelle, a word unknown in French,) a) Genus Lamellaria Montagu ISlsTTFem. ) e ) Genus Qnchidiopsis ""Beck) Bergh"l855. Shaped like an On- chidium; derived from encodes, swell- ing out, rounded. Fern.) f ) Genus liiarsenina Gray 1850. (ProToably a diminutive of Marse, a daughter of Thes- pius. Fern, ) "b ) Genus Velutina Fle- ming 182l'» T^eo Lat. meaning ve Ive t . Shells covered with a vel- vety periostracum. Pem. ) c) Genus Velute 11a Gray 1847. (For some, only a subgenus of Velu- tina. Diminutive of Velutina, Fern.) d) Genus Pilidium Mid- dendorff 1851. (Gr. pilidion, diminutive of piles, a felt- hat, a hat. Neuter.) 53 (the lian red; let„) Lamellaria French word is cochenille), Casti- j the raollusk is "brilliant scar- fernandiniae Dall (Dall gene- rally writes fernandinae, not here i though; off Fernandina, Florida.) j LajTielj.aria_ koto Schwangel (named for Al- fred S.'Koto of BeioTt, Wisconsin.) | Lamellaria leucosphaera Echwengel (white i sphere; shell naticoid with a slight I milky cloudiness.) | Lamellaria pellucida Verrill (very trans -I parent; bright, smooth. ) j Lamellaria pellucida gouldi Verrill (na- | med for Dr. Augustus A. Gould, a distin-' guishe d American conchologist, 1805-1866) Lamellaria rangi Bergh (Rang's; named fori Sander Rang i Velutina laevigata Linne ( smooth; surface faintly marked with the lines of growth,, interior smooth.) Velutina undata Brown (wavy; covered witlr, a striped, calcareous incrustation; with numerous zones of brown.) A/'elutella cryptospira Middendorff (with hidden spire, ) Pilidium commodum Middendorff (convenient c omf 0 r t able , ) Qnchidiopsis corys Balch ( Gr . he Ime t . ) Marsenina ampla Verrill (ample, large.) Marsenina glabra Couthouy (hairless, smooth. ) Marsenina globosa Perry (globular, in- flated.T~ Marsenina prodita Loven (betrayed; is fissured do\7n the back; margin of outer lip slightly inflexed near the suture.) 2^ Family Fossaridae. (Derived from le Fossar, name arbitrarily given | "by the French naturalist, Michel Adanson (1727-1806), in 1757.) jFossarus elegans Verrill & Smith( elegant ; Genus Fossarus ?hi- lippi 1841, (Llasc . ) 54 whorls elegantly latticed.) Fossarus Melius Dall (beautiful; shell, y/axen white with reddish rihlets. ) Fossarus com-oactus pretty- brown Dall (compact; height 2.3 mm; diameter, 2 mm.) Fossarus anomalus C.E.Adams (irregular, spiral rid- uneven; with four prominent ges on the penult whorl, and eight on i the last; last whorl large, ventricos.e. ] 3. Family Sratoidae. (From Erato, one so. Also the Muse of love songs.) of the fifty Nereids, says Ris- a) Genus Erato Risso 1826.~(Fem7y~ b) Genus rip Trivia Ta Ercde- _1837, ^A sur- name of Diana, the goddess of the crossroads. Some claim that these shells are so call- ed because of their trivial size and val- ue, Fem, ) Erato m^augeriae Gray (named for a I Irs. Mauger; to form the feminine of Mauger, only ae would be added today; Maugerae. The "i" would be omitted.) Trivia antillarum Schilder (of the Antil- les, Antillean; formerly called Trivia subrostrata Gray (somewhat bentr. slight- ly beaked; the extremities are obtusely beaked. ) Trivia candidula Gaskoin ( r at he r whi t e ; vmite , snowy-v/hite color.) Trivia globe sa Gray (globe-shaped; pecu- liarly globose, rounded like a pea.) Trivia nix Schilder (snow; snow-white; also called Trivia nivea Gray; snowy.) Trivia maltbiana Schv/engel & Th. McGinty (named for B. LV'Maltby. Resembles Tri- via pediculus but "is a creamy pink with a blotch in center of the back. '' ( Schwa^l) Trivia pediculus Linne ( Lat . noun mean- ing a louse; shell flesh-colored, back ornamented with six brcwn-black blotche^) Trivia quadripunctata Gray (four dotted; v;ith four dorsal red spots.) Trivia quadripunctata rotunda Kiener (ro- tunda, round; shell rounder than the preceding one. ) Trivia suffusa Gray (suffused; one color spread over another; shell deep rose ! v/ith blackish rnottlings, ) 4. Family Cypraeidae. (Lat, Cypria, a surname of Venus, the Cyprian goddess. Shells so called on account of their great beauty. Com- mon name; The Cowries.) Cypraea cinerea brov/n.'J C;^^_£raea Gmelin (ashy; back ash- spurca acicularis Gmelin ( spurca, dirty; color whitish clouded v/ith yellov brown spots; the base has a large dark splash upon it, Acicularis, like a litt- le pin; the shell is thin and pointed, Cypraea spurca Linn4 is a Mediterranean species. 1 Genus Cypraea Linn^ 1758. iFeniTl 55 Cypraea mus Linne (a mouse; mouse- colored| is from the Southern part of the Cari"b- ; bean Sea.) j Cypraea zebra Linne (zebra; formerly calif ed. exanthema Lirme, Gr, Lat. noun mean- j ing measles; measled. Brown or pale cho-i colate with round white spots, some of ! v/hich are ocellated.) j Cypraea cervus Linne (cervus, a buck,stagi It reminds one of the color of a deer, j Smaller spots than the preceding one, and these spots are rarely ocellated.) ■ Family Ovulidae. (Lat, ovulum, Shells. T" a little egg. Common name: Egg a) b) Genus Prime vxila Thiele_19 asTT^at . primus, first -i- ovulum, little egg, rem. ) Primovula carnea Poiret (flesh-colored; pink to yellow."] Primovula vanhyningi LI. Smith (named in honor of Dr. T. Van Hyning, Director of the Florida State Museum, Gainesville.) Genus Pedicularia i Swainson 1840. (Lat . i pedicuiaris, pertain- j Pedicularia decussata Gould (decussated.) ing to lice; these | shells are parasites. Fem, ) L I Feosimnia acicularis Lamarck (Lat. acicu- ! la, little pin; like a little pin; thin I and pointed, ) ITeosimnia aureocincta Pall (girdled with gold; color pure white with a golden yellow band winding round the shell.) Heosimnia piragua Pall (pirogue; shell slender, narrow and long, regularly ta- c ) Genus Weosimni a Fischer 1884. T Gr. neos, new -;- simnia, one of the fifty l^e- reids, according to Risso. Formerly known as Genus Sim- nia Risso 1826. Fem. ) d ) Genus Cyphoma Ro- ding 1798. (Gr. a hump, '^leuter.) pered. ) ITeosimnia inten?iedia Sowerby (intermedia-} te; because of its shell characters, it j alternated betv/een Cyphoma and Simnia,) | ITeosimnia uniplicata Sowerby (uniforml-y j striate, surface covered v/ith sharp fvr-i rows, parallel v/ith the lines of grov/tlL.i Cyphoma gibbosum Linne ( hump-backed ; ther J is a strong elevated ridge across the j back of the shell. Shell's name is a | tautology as it iiieans hump-backed hump.\ Cyphoma intermedium Sov/erby ( intermediat Cyphoma macgintyi Pilsbry (named in ho no of Thomas L. McGinty, 1907- .) Cyphoma macgintyi robustius Bayer (more r bust; broad, thick, heavyTT Cyphom.a signatura Pilsbry & McGinty ( the authors write; "Our naine for it in the field v/as "fingerprint Cyphoma" from th markings of the mantle. Unfortunately the Rome police did not practice finger 3 0- ' (■ 56 : printing, so there seems to be no short J word for that in Latin; "digitisignatus'^ would perhaps be a little too mouth- , filling for busy malacologists, " Hence j only "signatuin", IX. SUPERFAI'IILY HETEROPODA (Gr, heteros, other -h pous, pod-, foot. The foot forms a median fin.)j 1. Fami ly At 1 an t i dae . (Prom Atlas, the Atlantic, the shells are pela- gic; or Atlas, Atlant-, the Titan, used ironically, as the shells are snail and fragile.) a ) Genus Atlant a Le- sueur 1817. {"Fern.) b ) Genus Oxygyrus Ben- son 1855. ( Gr.oxys , sharp — gyros, round, ring, cir- cle, Masc. ) Atlanta gaudichaudi Gray ( Gaudi chaud ' s . ) Atlanta inclinata Gray (inclined. ) Atlanta laraanoni Gray ( Lamanon ' s , ) Atlanta peroni Lesueur ( Pe r o n ' s . ) I Atlanta pulchella Verrill (rather pretty.) ■ Atlanta rosea Gray (pink.) i Oxygyrus keraudreni Lesueur (Keraudren' s.) 2. Family Carinariidae. (Lat. carina, mon name: Keeled Paper Shells.) a keel; shaped like a keel. Com- Genus Carinar ia La- marck 1801. fFera, ) I Carinari a marck' lamarcki Peron & Lesueur (La- s; named in honor of Jean Baptiste de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck, a cele- brated French naturalist, 1744-1829.) This species was formerly called medi- terranea, (Mediterranean.) 3. Family Pterotracheidae . rugged. Body ends in a a) Genus Pterotrachea For ska 1 1775. (Fern.) b) Genus (Gr. pteron, false caudal a wing -•- tracheia, rough, fin.) Souleyet Firoloi da Le- sueur IS 17 . "[Re s am- bling a Firola.Fem.) Pterotrachea keraudreni Eydoux & {"Keraudren ' s3 Firoloida lesueuri Orbigny ( Le sueur ' s ; named for Charles A. Lesueur, a French ichthyologist and conchologist, 1778-184 (From la Natice, name word natica, buttock. Shells; Shark Eyes.) X. superfa:.iily naticagea given by Adanson, 1757, Taken from the rump. Shells are globular. Common name Latin ; Moon Family Naticidae. (Same etymology as above.) a) Genus Polinices Mont-j Polinices brunneus Link (Lat. brunus, color is brownish.) fort_l 810. (This is Montfort's spelling. Poljrnices would be brown; _ _ Polinices lacteus Guilding ( mi Iky-whi te . ) Polinices leptaleus V/atson (th in, delicate \ ■■ ; i- b) more correct, as it is derived from Gr. polys» many -i- nice, victory; frequent conqueror. Good name for a shell which attacks others in search of its food. Polynices was also the son of OEdipus and Jocasta.Masc. ) Genus Sigatica Meyer & Aldrich 1886. (From the first two sylla- bles of Sigaretus & the last two sylla- bles of Natica. Also called Genus Eunati- cina Eischer 1885. {^R.eu,well, good -.- diminutive of natica, buttock. Fern.) d) 57 ; Polinices nanus M'dller (dwarf.) | Polinices uberinus Orbigny (a little teat, udder; shell is ventricose.) | Polinices duplicatus Say (doubled; the j great amount of callus makes it a remar-j kable heavy shell.) j Polinices nubilus Dall (cloudy, overcast;; shell grayish white with streaks of very! pale brown.) j Polinices immaculatus Totten ( immaculate ; i shell milky white, spotless.) Sigatica carolinensis Dall ( off the coast of North Carolina. j Sigatica holograpta McGinty (Gr. completed ly engraved.) I Sigatica seraisulcata Gray (half-furrowed ! with spiral lines,] c ) Genus Amauro Morch 1857. psis I Gr . amau- ros, dark -;- opsis, aspect, appearance. Covered with a light brown periostracum, Eem. ) Genus Lu natia Gray 1847. {Tat. luna, moon. Shaped like a moon, Eem.) Former- ly considered only as a subgenus of Polinices. ) Ainauropsis islandica Gmelin (Icelandic; found from Labrador to Georges Bank.) Lunatia fringilla fringilla Dall (frin- gilla is a Lat. noun meaning a small bird, a chaffinch, but Dall uses it in a different meaning; for him it is the En- glish word "fringe" -<.- the suffix "ilia'.' He writes; "Transverse sculpture of strong plications like the gathers of a skirt." i Lunatia fringilla perla Dall ( a pearl; iias somewhat rounder whorls than Lunatia fringilla fringilla.) , Lunatia groenlandica Mbller (Greenland; i found from Greenland to New Jersey.) I Lunatia heros Say (hero; distinguished b:l its inflated, globular appearance.) Lunatia levicula Verrill ( rather smooth,)} Lunatia pallida Broderip & So7/erby( pale - ) j Lunatia tenuis Recluz (thin, slender.) i e ) Genus Bulbus Brown 1859. (Lat. a bulb ( like of tulip) ; shell ventricose. Masc . ) j Lunatia triseriata Say (arranged in three, ( rov/s; checkered with three revolving se-' ries of bluish or dark chestnut colored i spots on last whorl.) Bulbus smithi Brown ( Smi th ' s ; Bulbus i flavus Gould is the same (flavLis, yel- [ low; with a bright straw colored epider- mis,) /c\v- :. i ■ '1 ■ - - S- % •■ »■ :i :i - ■ f ) Genus Sinum Roding 1798. (Lat. a large round drinking ves- sel ^vith swelling sides. Neuter.) g) Genus Gyrodes Con- rad 1860. (Gr , gyros , round, circle -'- eidos, shape. Hasc.) h) i) Genus Glyphepithema Rehder_194 sTTGr . gly- pho , to carve, en- grave -I- epitliema,a lid. Operculum is carved, ITeuter.) Genus ITatica Scopoli 1772.(l'e2i.y~Some con- sider Naticarius Du- meril 1806 a more appropriate name for this genus. See Nau- tilus, Oct. 1947, p. 67, Naticarius v;ould Toe masculine . ) 58 Sinum maculatum Say (spotted; with two series of spots on the spire.) Sinum minus Pall (smaller; shell small, moderately inflated; height 4 mm; diame- ter 6 mm, ) j Sinum martinianum Philippi (named for 1 Martini, a German naturalist, 1729-1778, ) I Sinum perspectivum Say ( perspective . ) Gyrodes depressus Seguenza (depressed.) Natica canrena Linne (Linne borrowed can- rena from Rumphius who himself horrowed it from the natives of the Malay Archi- pelago. (From Journal de Conchyliologie) . Meaning unknown; maj'- mean "shell".) Natica castrensis Dall (pertaining to the camp; "with a netv;ork of extremely fine lines and spaces so disposed as to form spirally directed "tent" shaped white markings on a brovmish ground," Dall) Natica livida Pfeiffer (livid; dark and white. ) Natica maroccana Dillwyn (Moroccan; dark brown in color,") Natica perlineata Dall (completely lined; the lineation much finer and closer than in Natica lineata Lamarck.) Natica sagraiana Orbigny (named for Ra- mon de la Sagra, director of the Botani- cal Garden at Plavana, Cuba.) Natica verae Rehder (Vera's; named for Mrs. Frank Ljnnan of Lantana, Florida.) Natica affinis Gmelin (related to, close- ly allied to. ) Natica clausa Broderip & Sowerby (closed; tiie umbilicus is completely closed.) Natica clausa vittata Jeffreys ( bound with ribbons; striped, J Natica pusilla Say ( very small; about one fourth of an inch, ) f i Glyphepithema floridanum Rehder (from ! Florida; collected at Peanut Island in I Lake Worth, Florida.) XI, SUPERFAI.HLY TONI^TACEA (Lat, tonna, a cask. Shells are large, inflated, globular, Coiimon name Cask or Tun Shells.) 1, Family Oocorythidae. (Gr, oon, an egg -•- corys, coryth-, a helmet, headpiece, ) :ni:i i ■ ; " ' $ Genus Oocorys Piscli- er 1885. ( ?em. ) 2. Pamily Cassididae. Helmet Shells.) 59 I Oocorys barljouri Clench & Aguayo ( Barbourfe) I Oocorys "bartschi Rehder (named for Dr. I Paul Bartsch, formerly curator of mol*- . lusl's, national Museum, Washington, D.C: ! 1871- .) ■ Oocorys caribljaea ; be anTy ' Oocorys abyssorum Verrill & Smith( of the ! abysses; dredged in 2221 fathoms.) ! Oocorys sulcata Fischer spiral ridges, ) Oocorys verrilli Clench & Aguayo (Garib- (furrov/ed; with sor Addison S. Pall (named for Profes- Verrill, 1839-1927.) ( Lat . cassis, cassid-, a helmet. Common name; •^ ) Genus G aleodea Link 18o7. ^Lat. galea, helmet ~!- Gr, eidos, aspect, appearance. Pern.) (Looks like a helmet, ) b) Genus Sconsia Gray 1847, (Jilaybe from English sconce, a dark lantern. Pern, ) c) Genus Dalium Pall 1889, (Gr. dalion for dales, a ipiece of blazing wood; a beacon light, Neuter,) Galeodea coronadoi Crosse (named for Pr, Coronado, a Cubani died 1881.) Sconsia striata Lamarck ( v; i t h striae; spirally striate, ) Dalium solidum Pall (solid; strongTl shell solid. d ) Genus Mo rum Rbding ■' 1798, (Lat, noun iMorum oniscus Linn^ foniscus, a Latin mea,ning mulberry i noun meaning v/ood-louse , ) fruit. Shells covered' Mo rum dennisoni Reeve (Pennison' s, ) v/ith strong warty no-'. . dules, Feuter,) L e) Genus 1807, Phalium (Gr. Link phalios, having patches of white, ITeuter. ) f ) Genus Casmaria H.& A.Adams 1855^ ("Pro - bably the first syllable of cassis, helmet -i- plural of mare, sea. Pern,) Phalium cicatricosum Gmelin (covered withj scars, scarred; scar-like surface; coloc"! v/hite or cream with dark brown spots.) i Phalium granulatum Born (granulated; spi-' ral sculpture of deep grooves crossed by| axial ridges forming a reticulated pat- | tern,) | Phalium peristephes Pilsbry & McGinty | :,crowned, v/reathed; having nodules on thol shoulders of the whorls,) ! i Casmaria atlantica Clench (Atlantic) g ) Genus Ca s s is Scopo- li 1777. TLat. cassis, a helmet. Fem. ) h) Genus Cypraecassis Stutchbury 1857. (Lat. cypraea, surname of Venus -i- cassis, a helmet. Fern.) 60 ^ I j Cassis flammea Linne (flame; color buff ■ j with dark hrovmish flame-like marks.) j i Cassis madagascariensis Lamarck ( Madagas-j ' car 71 ! ' Cassis madagascariensis spinella Clench j ' ( spinella: little spine; with little j I spines; tubercles are much smaller than j ; those on Cassis madagascariensis.) j Cassis tuberosa Linne (full of bumps; j i_ three rows of tubercles or knobs.) j : Cypraecassis testiculus Linne ( Lat . noun j meaning testicle: shell obovate covered j with longitudinal ribs broken by revol- ving furrows. ) ! Cypraecassis testicu lus crumena Eruguie r e I (crumena; a purse.]" ! Family Cymatiidae . wave , curve . ) (Gr. cyraation, a waved molding, from cyma, a i Cymatium femorale Linne (Lat. femur, fe- I moris, thigh; reminding one of a thigh.) I Cymatium rehderi A. H. Verrill (named for of Mollud■ •■;V.-. •:)^'-i Li ' ' 70 ' Mitrella sagenata Pall ( Lat . sagena, :. net I spiral lines crossed "by ribs.) Family Buccinidae. (Lat, buccina, mon name; ''.Vlielks.) a) Genus Liomesus Stimpson 1865. (Gr. j leios, smooth -»- mesos, middle, in ] the middle. "The tongue of this mol- luslc has a single plain and slightly curved tooth on each side, and a very thin non-denticulated in i the centre" , writes Stimpson, Masc.) a trumpet; used as trumpets. Com-i Liomesus stimpsoni Pall ( Stimpson' s| na- med for V/illiam Stimpson, an eminent American malacologist, 1832-1872. Shell is smooth and polished for two and a half whorls, after this the sculpture gradually appears.) t) Genus BuccinuTA Lin- ne~1758.( Neuter.) Buccinum ahyssorum Verrill ( of the ahys- i ses; dredged in 49-1434 fathoms.) i Buccinum "belcheri Reeve (Belcher's.) ; Buccinum ciliatum O.Fabricius (hairy; pe-j riostracum fringed with short hairs.) | Buccinum cyaneum Bruguiere (Gr, dark hlue^ color dull lead outside . ) ! Buccinum cyaneum perdix (Beck) Morch ( a partridge . ) BuccinuLi cyaneum patulum G.O.Sars( gaping,' open, extended, ) i Buccinum donovani Gray ( Pono van ' s , ) | Buccinum ekblawi Baker (Ekblaw's; named ' for W. Elmer Ekhlaw, University of Illi-i nois, of the Crocker Land Expedition,) j Buccinum glaciale Linne (glacial, icy; { found from Greenland to the Gulf of St, Lawrence; circumboreal. ) I Buccinum gouldi Verrill ( Gould ' s ; for Augustus Addison Gould, II, P., tinguished American malacologist, 1866.) ^ Buccinum groenlandicum Hancock (of Green -| land.l Buccinum humphreysianum Bennet ( Humphreys'; named for J.P.Humphreys, a conchologist) Buccinum hydrophanum Hancock ( hydro pha- nous; somewhat hyaline; bright brown j shell enveloped ;vith chalky coating.) | Bucci num inexliaustum Verkriizen ( unexhau s-j tedTT Buccinum plectrum Stimpson (Gr, anything! to strike with; the instrument for stri- king the lyre; shell elongated with very numerous longitudinal lines curved in , two directions.) I Buccinum sandersoni Verrill (Sanderson's^ named for Sanderson Smith, ""^ ■^''"^ " ^ Fish Commission.) named a dis-i 1805- of the U. S. ■ >- .... ?1 i^--.' T T,., i- c) Genus Volutopsius Morcli "1857 . ("From voluta, a volute -.'- opsis, aspect, appearance. Resem- bling a Voluta, Mbrch wrote Volu- topsiur;,not Volu- topsis. On account of its ending, Masc.) d.) Genus 1882. Jumala Tin Friele Finnish mythology, Jumala is the god of the Heavens, the su- preme god. ) (This genus is also call- ^'^ Beringius Pall 1879 & 1886; named after Bering, the Danish explorer who gave his name to the Bering Sea, 1680- 1741.) Both Jumala & Beringius are masc.) 71 Buccinum sericatum Hancock (si Ik- clad; covered with a light green silken peri- ostracum. ) Buccinum tanquaryi Baker (Tanquary's; na- med in honor of Dr. M. C. Tanquary of the Crocker Land Expedition.) Buccinum tenebrosum Hancock (dark; shell violet or livid brown; columella black- ish above, ) Buccinum tenue Gray (frail, thin.) Buccinum totteni Stimpson (Totten's; na- med in honor of General Totten, an AiP.er- lean conchologist. ) Buccinum tumidulum G.O.Sars ( somewhat swollen. ) Buccinum_ undatum Linne (waved; with broad folds and transverse lines; has the appearance of a waved surface.) Buccinum undatum striatum Pennant (with striae, y Volutopsius largillierti Petit de la Sausi- itop ii~T saye (.Largilliert ' s; named for Mr, lar- gilliert, a conchologist, of Rouen, France. ) Volutopsius deformis Reeve (deformed; de- pressed obesity of the spire,) Jumala brychius Verrill & Smith (Gr.from in 2574 the depths of the sea; dredged fathoms. ) Jumala ossiani Friele (Ossian's; named Gaelic bard Georg Ossian after Ossian, the legendary and warrior; or in honor of „ Sars, a great Norv/egian naturalist.) Colus islandica Gmelin (from Iceland.) Colus latericea_ Mbller (Lat. made of whorls crossed 'al lines.) delicate; scul- mgitudinal ribs bricks. Color pale red; by strong ribs and spir; Colus leptalea Verrill ( ptured with delicate lo and revolving lines.) Colus obesa Verrill ( fat Colus perminuta Pall (ve s_p£ m.) 9 cmi Colus profundicola Verri ; shell stout.) | ry small; length 11 & Smith (dwei: 72 er of the deep; dredged in 1497-2033 fathoms . ) Colus profundicola dispar Verrill (dif- ferent: resem-| des- i H. e ) Genua Colus Roding 1798. (Lat. noun meaning a distaff. Peminine. ) , t^hlTs species bears little "blance to any of those previously cribed, says Verrill.) Colus rushi Pall (named for Dr. W. "Rush, U. S. ITavy, collector.) ; Colus stimpsoni Mbrch (named for William I Stimpson, an eminent American malacolo- j gist, 1832-1872.) 1 Colus stimpsoni brevis Verrill (short.) j ■Colus stimpsoni liratula Verrill ( some- \ what furrowed; strongly spirally sculp- \ tured.) I Colus caelatula Verrill ( somewhat engra- j ved, carvedTl Colus hispidula Verrill (rough, bristly, shaggy.) Colus simplex Verrill (simple; with spi- ral lines, but without ribs.) Colus dautzenbergi Pall (Pautzenberg' s; named in honor of Philippe Pautzenberg, an eminent French malacologist, 1849-1935) Colus glypta Verrill (carved; delicately sculptured shell.) Colus livida Mbrch (livid; yellowish gray.) Colus ossiana Friele (named after Ossian, the legendary Gaelic bard and warrior o' about the end of the third century; or in honor of Georg Ossian Sars, a great Norwegian naturalist. ) Colus parva Verrill & Smith (small.) Colus pubescens Verrill ( pube scent , grown up; more robust, more hairy than Sipho (Colus) propinquus, European species.) Colus sabinei Gray (Sabine's; named for Captain Ed. Sabine; sabinii, however, is Gray's spelling.) Colus ventricosa Gray (swollen, ventri- cose; the last whorl makes nearly the whole shell.) Colus spitzbergensis Reeve (from Spitz- bergenTy Colus caelata Verrill &_.Smith (carved, engraved; fine decussated sculpture.) Colus caelata hebes Verrill ( hebe s ; blunt ; j apex very blunt; shell stout with a ! short spire.) I Colus pygmaea Gould (pygmy; very small.) 1 Colus pygmaea planula Verrill ( somewhat } flat; whorls are flattened and much I. smoother than the preceding one.) f ) Genus Ptycho salpinx f Gill 1867.(Gr.ptyx, { Ptycho salpinx globulug_Pall (Lat. noun ptychos,a fold, fold- j' meaning globule, pill; shell stout, ing -•- salpinx, a i short.) T- ,'- .-r ■"■»;■' "1 ; ^yui:...^y.l ■':.yy^. I . • 1 ■ t ' trumpet. Pern.) g) Genus Plicifusus Dall 1902. (Lat. plica, fusus, Masc. ) h) i) a fold -i- a spindle . Genus Neptunea Ro- din^ 17987rLat . Neptunus, Neptune, a sea-god; of Nep- tune , Neptune Shells. Fem.) Genus Eailya M.Smith ; 19447rNaraed after ' Joshua L, Baily, an ; American malacologist^ Pern. ) j ) Genus Woodri Antillophos ng_ 1928, (Fro m es, ■'Vest Indies s, a light? looks like a it is oval o"b- ith brown f la- blot ches.Phos is neuter, ly known as Phos Montfort Antill -<- pho shell flame ; long w me like in Gr. Former Genus IBIOTJ k) Genus Bngina Gray 1839. (English word: engine . Fem. ) 73 Plicifusus arcticus Philippi ( Ar c t i c ; shell circumboreal.y Plicifusus cretaceus Reeve ( chalky . ) Plicifusus kroyeri Mb Her ( Kr eye r ' s . ) Plicifusus__syrtensi3_ Packard (Lat. syrtis a s and- bank. y Neptunea decemcostata Say (ten ribbed or ten keeled. The' body whorl has about ten keels or ribs of a light reddish-brown color. ) Neptunea despecta tornata Gould (despecta despised: shell inelegant, coarse, Tor- nata, turned, shaped on the lathe, but left in an unfinished state.) Bailya intricata Dall (entangled, intri- cate; shell strongly sculptured.) Bailya parva C.B.Adams (small; shell ra- ther small, 16 mraTT Formerly known as Genus Phos Montfort. Antillophos candei Orbigny ( C ande ' s ; na- med for Ferdinand de Cande, a French naval officer, who collected shells in the ^Vest Indies.) Antillophos oxyglyptum Dall (Gr. oxys, sharp, pointed -- glyptus, carved; shell is sharply sculptured.) A.ntillophos virginiae Schwengel (Virginia^ Engina turbine 11a Kiener (little whirl- v;ind. ) 1 ) Genus Nassarina Dall 1839 . (Pertaining to nassa, a wicker bas- ket with a narrow neck. Fern.) i Nassarina bushi Dall ( Bu sh ' s . ) I Nassarina coluiiibellata Dall (like a Co- I lunl^ella or Pyrene; columbella means a I little dove; shell is pure white.) ! Nassarina glypta Bush (carved; sculptured i vifith"longitudinal ribs cut by revolving grooves into nodules.) Nassarina grayi Dall (Gray's; named for Dr. John Edward Gray, a British raalaco- logist, 1800-1876.) Nassarina metabrunnea Dall (Lat. meta, I end -I- brunus, brown; shell is white '_ y/ith two browrn ends.) m) Genus Psarostola Reh- 1 Psarostola monilifera sparsipunctata Reh- der 1945.r^r.psaros, ! der (mon^rie, a necklace -:- fero, to bea:ip maculated -I- stole, a \ carry, wear; necklace marked: ribs are robe, '.i/horls spotted,! crossed by strong spiral cords foiling ■I.- , 1.. ._~ .. .-^' - .: .. i maculated, Fern.) n ) Genus Bartschia Reh- der 1945. (Dedicated to Dr, Paul Bartsch, former Curator of Mollusks, U.S. Natio- nal Museum, '7ashing- ton, D,C.,1871- Fem. ) 0 ) Genus Colu"braria Schumacher 1817. ( Lat, colubra, a serpent, snake. Pern.) 74 nodules, Sparsipunctata: sparsely dotted, with a few chestnut spots.) ■ Bartschia significans Rehder (signifi- ■ '■ cant. ) j ' Bartschia agassizi Clench & Aguayo ( na- ; med for Agassiz, either Louis Jean R, . | Agassiz, a Swiss naturalist who taught ; i at Harvard University, 1807-1873, or j '.. Alexander Agassiz, his son,) | ' Coluhraria lanceolata Menke ( shaped like ! I the head of a lance; narrow, slender, i ! pointed A the apex and base,) i ■' Colubraria testae ea Morch (having a shell! i_ brownish yellowTT P ) Genus Monos t iolum Pall 1904,"rGr.monos, single -'- Lat. os- tiolum, little door. For some, not a ge- nus. It is Genus Colubraria Schuma- cher 1817 . Heu t e r . ) q ) Genus Pisania Bivona 1852. ( Some claim the shell is named after a certain admiral Pisani, Others say that Pisania means a native of the coast of Pisa, Italy, Pern.) Monostiolum swifti Tryon (Swift's; named for Robert Swift.) (Also called Colu- braria swifti Tr:\^on.) r ) Genus C ant harus Rg- ding 1798, (Lat. a pot, tankard. Com- mon names Pot Sheila Masc. ) Pisania pusio Linne (Lat, noun meaning a little boy? young. The first descriptior by Linne was from an immature specimen; hence the name , ) Pisania variegata Gray (varied, variega- ted; shell ashy brown with blotches of light green, ridges black sometimes in- terrupted with green,) Cantharus auritulus Link (long eared; outer lip is strongly ridged.) j Cantharus cancellarius Conrad (cross- ; barred; vertical folds crossed by revol-i ving lines.) I Cantharus limbatus Philippi (edged, bor- j dered.y j Cantharus orbignyi Payraudeau ( 0 rb i gny ' s ; named for Alcide D. d'Orbigny, a Prench j naturalist, 1802-1857.) | Cantharus tinctus Conrad (colored; pur- | plish brovm mottled v;ith white.) j Pamily Melongenidae . (Gr. m.elon, apple -.- genos, kind; sort of apple, Melongena also means eggplant,) Melongena corona Gmelin (crown; the shell has a double or triple crown of spines on the last volution.) Melongena corona altispira Pilsbry and Vanatta;Thigh spire; shell very long and narrov/,) a ) Genus Melongena S c humacher 1817 . {^ort of apple or eggplant, Fem, ) 75 Melon£ena_co rona Toispinosa Philippi( two rows of spines. T~ Melongena corona estephomena Melvill( Gr , participle of steDho, encircled, crown- ed.) " I Melongena corona inspinata Richards (spi- neless; spines are absent, ) Melongena corona martiniana Philippi ( na- med for Martini, a German naturalist, 1729-1778.) Melongena corona minor Sowerby (dwarf; 50 mm. more or lessTl Melongena corona perspinosa Pilsbry & Vanatta (very spiny; shoulder spines j are more numerous.) ^ Melongena corona subcoronata Heilprin j ( somewliat crowned; not as well crowned I as the others, one row of horizontal j shoulder spines and one basal row. This is a Pliocene subspecies.) ' Melongena melongena Linne. Busycon canaliculatum Linne (channeled; the shell is deeply channeled at suture^' Busycon coarctatum Sowerby (constricted, pressed together; canal very narrov/.) Busycon spiratum Lamarck (spiral, coiled; with rounded shoulders. Formerly known as Busycon pyrum Dillwyn (a pear.) Busycon carica Gmelin ( Lat . noun meaning a fig; shell is pear-shaped.) Busycon contrarium Conrad ( contrary ; this shell is left-handed. ) Busycon perversum Linne (perverse; this shell can be either right-handed or left-handed. If right-handed, it is also called Busycon eliceans Montfort (deri- ved from elix, a gutter, canal; the can- al of this shell is considerably swollenj; i if left-handed, it is also known as Bu- ! sycon perversxim kieneri Philippi (Kie- 1 ner's; named for L. C. Kiener, a French •- malacologist. ) 4, Family ITassariidae . (Lat, nassa, a wicker basket with a narrow neck. Common name; Basket Shells.) b ) Genus Busycon Ro- ding 1798. fGr. bousycon, a large, coarse fig. The shell bears a re- semblane to a fig. Neuter, ) ITassarius acutus ITassarius Du- a) Genus meril 1806, (Used to be called Nassa, which is fem. Nas- sarius is masc.) Say (pointed.) Nassarius vibex Say (the mark of a blow; bruised, black and blue; encircled with ashy, brown and blue zones.) Nassarius ambiguus Pultney ( arab i gu ou s ; doubtful J variable. ) Nassarius consensus Ravenel (agreed upon; this spe- of En- distinguish incrassatus name agreed upon to cies from Nassarius gland.) Nassarius hotessieri Orbigny (Hotessier's named for Saint-Cyr Hotessier, a concho- . .. . • f. ^ .■ ;• ,^.H . X f i .-..,■> 1 .f . '- * y Td ) Genus Ilyanassa Stimpson 1665 . TGr , ilys, ilyos, mud, slime ->- nassa, a wicker basket; in- habits mud flats. Sometimes called queen of the mud. Some consider it only as subgenus of llassarius.Fem, ) 76 logist of Guadeloupe, French West Indie: Nassarius nigrolabra Verrill (Lat, niger, nigra, black -'- labra, lips (a noun; that is why nigrolabra remains invaria- ble); the edges of the lips are black- ish. ) Nassarius scissuratus Pall ( having a rent, cleft; whorls separated by a deep suture. ) Nassarius trivittatus Say {three-banded; often has three dark bands on lower whorl, ) Ilyanassa obsoleta Say (obsolete; eroded ~at the apex; oblique folds existing on tte smaller whorls, often wanting on the lower one. "The spiral sculpture presents the ill-defined, obsolete ap- pearance that has inspired the name," (Julia Gardner) . Family Pasciolariidae. (Lat, fasciola, a small band or bandage, simulated by the revolving lines.) a ) Genus Leucozonia Gray 1847 . (Gr.leucos, white -:- zone, zone, belt, girdle. She lis are generally white banded. Fern, ) b) Genus Latirus Mont- fort 1810. (Such is Montfort's spelling. Written Lathyrus it may mean a kind of pulse, chick-pea, or be the surname of a Ptolemy, king of Egypt, Masc.) c ) Genus Fasciolaria Lamarck 1799, (Lat, fasciola, a small band, Fem, ) Leucozonia nassa Gmelin (a wicker basket; also called Leucozonia cingulifera La- marck (wearing a beltTT strong tuber- cles on middle of v/horls.) Leucozonia ocellata Gmelin (Lat. ocellus, diminutive of oculus, eye; having eye- like spots. Color dark brown with white nodules. ) Latirus brevicaudatus Reeve. (. short-tail- ed; canal short and recurved,) Latirus cayohuesonicus Sowerby (from Spanish Cayo Hueso, English Key ^'/est; found in the Florida Keys and West In- dies, ) Latirus cymatias Schwengel (Gr, full of waves, billovjy; finer spiral threads and narrower than L, brevicaudatus.) Latirus infundibulum Gm elin (Lat, neuter noun meaning a funnelTT Latirus macgintyi Pilsbry ( McGinty ' s ; na- med In honor of Thomas McGinty, 1907- j) Fasciolaria hunteria Perry ( Hunte r ' s ; formerly listed as F. distans Lamarck; distant, different; shell smaller and smoother than the others.) Fasciolaria hunteria branhamae Rehder & Abbott (named for Mrs. Hugh Branham of i Fort -Myers Seach, Florida.) i Fasciolaria tulipa Linne (a tulip.) ■i-' ■ *• ; 1 1 ■ ■ <-■■-' .- ; I ' • • ■:■.. T •< 77 d) Genus Pleuroplo c a P. Fischer 18847TGr . pleuron, side, rib •— ploce, a twining, plaiting, anything plaited, Fern. )Por- merly listed as Genus Fasciolaria Lamarck, ) e) Genus Fu sinus Rafi- nesque 1815 . {Tat • fusus, a spindle; a little spindle, Masc. ) Fasciolaria tulipa scheepmakeri (Punker ) Melvill (.Scheepmaker' s. . Fascio laria raeekiana Pall ( Me ek ' s ; f named for F.B. Meek, an American ITaturaJist.) Pleuroploca gigantea Kiener (gigantic; this shell may reach up to two feet.) Pleuroploca gigantea reevei Philippi ( Reeve's; named for Lovell Augustus ReevQ a famous English conchologist who wrote Conchologia Iconica in 20 volumes.) Fusinus alcimus Pall (Gr. strong, stout.) Fusinus alcimus rushi Pall (named for Pr. W. H. Rush, U.S. Navy.) Fusinus aepynotus Pall (Gr, high-backed.) Fusinus amiantus Pall (Gr. unspotted; shell pure white v;ith a straw-colored nucleus. ) Fusinus amphiurgus Pall (Gr, both sides; "peculiar bevel per surface of the whorls", it slopes, roof-like, to the Fusinus benthalis Pall (Gr, worked on of the up- writes Pall; periphery, ) from the in 15-229 depths of the sea; dredged f athoms . ) Fusinus bullatus Pall (Lat. bulla, a bubble; inflated; sv/ollen nucleus.) Fusinus couei Petit de la Saussaye(Coue ' ^ Fusinus eucosmius Pall (Gr. well adorned, graceful; color of a ripe apricot.) Fusinus halistreptus Pall (Gr. rolled to and fro in the sea. ) (Shell pure white.) Fusinus helenae Bartsch ( Helen ' s . ) Fusinus schrammi Crosse (Schramm's; named for A. Schramm, a French conchologist of Paris and Guadeloupe who died in 187 6' Fusinus dowianus Olsson ( Pow ' s ; n ame d for Tom Pow of South Iliami, Florida. Shell collected off the northeast coast of Honduras. ) Fusinus timessus Pall (Gr, timeeis, fem. timeessa, valued, prized, valuable; " remarkable species for its short and rapidly increasing spire, large body v/horl and rapidly tapering canal; it has no parallel among recent species," writes Pall.) Fusinus vitreus Pall (vitreous, glassy; shell white, thin.) Family Xancidae. (Rbding derives Xancus from the Sanskrit S4.nkha; a conch, shell. Common name; Chank or Vishnu Shells.) a) Genus Xancus R'dding '■. Xancus angulatus Solander (angular; an- 1798, {MascJ" : gulate at the shoulder,! fj'.' '. f -.'.: ■■■■- I "b ) Genus Ptychatractus Stimpson 1865^ (Gr. ptyx, ptychos, a fold, folding -.- atractos, a spindle, Masc.) 78 Ptychatractus ligatus Mighels & Adams (tied, "banded; whorls covered with six or seven revolving thread-like ribs, with grooves alternating.) Vasum muricatum Born (rough, and raised spiny, Shell horizontal 0 ) Genus Vasum Roding 1798. (Lat. vasum, a vase. Vase Shells, Shaped like a vase, Neuter, ) has "blunt spines lines.} ; Vasum capitellum Linne (Lat, the capital \ of a column. ) Vasum globulus nuttingi Henderson ( gl obu-i lus, being a noun, should not agree withi vasum; it means a little globe; the j shell is globular; nuttingi: Hutting's, i named for C .C .i^Tutting, University of I Iowa.) : Vasum latiriforme Rehder & Abbott ( shaped I like a Latiru.s; resembles a Latirus su- |_ perficially, ) III. SUPERI^Ai-'IILY VOLUTACEA (Lat. voluta, a spiral scroll, a volute. The shell is rolled up cylin- drically. Common name: Volutes,) 1. Family Olividae. (Lat, oliva, olive. Common name: Olive Shells.) [Oliva drangai Schwengel (Dranga's; named : for Ted Dranga of Miami, collector.) [Oliva reticularis Lamarck (netted, with a I net-work; has purplish brown reticula- 1 tions.) j Oliva reticularis bollingi Clench ( Boil- ing 'sTl Oliva reticularis olorinella Duclos (di- a) Genus Oliva Bru- guiere 1789. (Eem.) b) Genus Olivella Swain- son 1851. ( Diminutive of oliva; little olive, Fern.) minutive of Lat. olorinus, of a swan, swan-like; color light yellow,) Oliva say ana Ravenel (Say's; named for Thomas Say, a famous American naturalist 1787-1834.) Oliva sayana citrina Johnson ( lemon- color- ed; shell is uniformly yellow,) Oliva caribaeensis Pall (Caribbean.) Olivella bayeri Abbott ( Bayer ' s ; named for F. M. Bayer of Miami, Florida.) Olivella bullula Reeve (little bubble; shell rather inflated.) Olivella floralia Duclos (floral; all white, often with some blue. Apex white, purplish or orange.) Olivella .jaspidea Gmelin ( jaspered; shell whitish overlaid with a slate-colored o: purplish and brown pattern.) Olivella jaspidea fuscocincta Pall (gir- dled v\;-ith brown; shell pale fawn-color with a white revolving band.) ' ' '• 79 Olivella moorei Abbott ( Mo o r e ' s of ; named the Universi- for Dr. Hilary B, Moore I ty of Miami, Florida.) j Olivella mutica Say (shortened, mutilated; I one-half inch in length; spire rather I short.) i Olivella nivea Gmelin {snowlike; cream- I white with some purple, orange or tan.) Olivella pusilla Marrat (very small, frai]^ I Olivella watermani McGinty ( Waterman ' s ; I named for Dr. George A. Waterman of L Boston, Massachusetts.) 2. Family Mitridae. (Lat, mitra, a miter. Common name: Miter Shells.) Mitra bairdi Pall (Baird's; named for Professor Spencer F. Baird, U. S, Fish Commissioner. ) Mitra barbadensis Gmelin ( from Barbado s . ) Mitra duponti Kiener {"Dupont ' s . ) Mitra fluviimaris Pilsbry & McGinty (of Gulf Stream; of the Gulf a) Genus 1799. Mitra T Lamarck a at. mitra, miter, Fern.) the sea river, that is the known only from the border Stream in Florida.) Mitra fordi Pilsbry & McGinty (Ford's; named for Rev. Paul D. Ford, collector.) Mitra florida Gould (from Florida.) Mitra fulgurita Reeve (blasted, stinick by lightning; marked with white lightn- ing-like longitudinal streaks.) Mitra grammatula Dall (with small letters! Mitra haycocki Pall & Bartsch( Haycock ' s ; named for Arthur Haycock of Bermuda.) Mitra hendersoni Rehder (Henderson's; na- med for John B. Henderson, Jr.) Mitra nodulosa Gmelin (knobbed; with rai- sed granules made by longitudinal ribs crossing furrows.) Mitra puella Reeve (little damsel; shell jet black, upper part of whorls ornamen- ted with a row of snov/y-white spots.) Mitra straminea A.Adams (made of straw, straw-colored; color yellowish white.) Mitra styliola Dall (like a little style, anything that is pointed; recalling a Styliola. Shell fusiform with sharply cut ribs.) Mitra styria Dall (may be derived from Gr, styrax, the spike at the lower end of a spear shaft. Shell is elongated, rather pointed, fusiform.) Mitra sulcata Gmelin (furrowed; with sharp axial ribs» , forming grooves.) Mitra swainsoni antillensis Dall (named for Y/illiam Swainson, 1789-1855; antil- lensis: Antillean.) | Mitra torticula Dall (somewhat twisted^ axis is bent with a peculiar twist.) Mitra wandoensis Holmes (from the Wando ■■-■■••■-":-**> ,.f':vj- [ t ! 'i ■■■: »> ^ 1 4. ! -^ J '' i." . ■ : f. ■•--:.J-.:r.i.':". , i.-::? ^• ■•■•• ;i.r . / ■■.■-r'r'~r--— '"01 _ . . ,;■■-, ./l..-J,...:| w ('. ' ' ■' ■'■ ''•' Li, ; ' ■ ■ ; ■■: ■' r .-■ ■ ■ ■t ' . -. ., I '. . J. v',; r ••, ' ^: r! >■ f ■ ■ ;""";■"■■■" ■•■ ■■:::.hx- '■■■ lii'iiK . Ij r'r b) Genus Pusia Swainson 1840. ( Lat . pu sa , little girl, rem.) c) Genus Pusiolina Coss- man 1921. (Diminutive of pusiola, a little girl. Fein, ) d) Genus Conomitra Con- rad 1865, (From conus. cone -- mitra, miter. Fern.) 80 I River, South Carolina,) .Mitra zilpha Pall (maybe from the Gr, I, silphe, a beetle, cockroach.) Pusia albocincta C, B.Adams ( girdled with white, ) Pusia dermestina Lamarck (Gr. a worm that eats skin or leather; maybe resembling a Dermestes, an insect,) Pusia epiphanea Rehder (remarkable; white band, the rest of the surface ohocolate- brown, ) Pusia hendersoni Rehder (named for John Brooks Henderson, Jr., an American mala- cologist, a former regent of the Smith- sonian Institution, 1870-1923. May be the same as Mitra hendersoni Rehder,) Pusia histrio Reeve (harlequin; stout.) Pusia pulchella Reeve (rather pretty.) Pusia sulcata Gmelin (furrowed, grooved; encircled with grooves.) (May be the sa- me as Mitra sulcata Gmelin,) Pusia trophonia Pall (probably from Tro- phon, somewhat resembling a Trophon, now Boreotrophon; or named after Trophonius, a Greek architect who, according to my- thology, built the first temple of Apol- lo at Pelphi.) Pusia variata Reeve (varied, spotted.) Pusiolina aresta Rehder (Gr, agreeable, pleasing; color straw yellow with a white band and chestnut spots.) Pusiolina hanleyi Pohrn (Hartley's; named for Sylvanus Hanley, 1819-1899.) Pusiolina gemmata Sowerby (jeweled; sur- face purplish black with white nodules,) Conomitra blakeana Pall (named in honor of the U. S, Coast Survey Steamer Blake.) Conomitfa blakeana laevior Pall ( smoothei; smoother than the preceding one,) 3. Family yolutidae, (Lat, voluta, a spiral scroll, a volute. The shell is rolled up cylindrically. ) a) Genus Voluta LinnI 1758. (FemT) b) Genus Volutomitra H,& A.Adams 1853, (Lat, voluta, a vo- lute -- mitra, a miter, Fem, ) [ Voluta virescens Solander (greenish.) I Voluta musica Linne (music; revolving lines marked with dark spots suggest bars and notes of music :r Volutomitra groenlandica Beck( Greenland. ) Scaphella .lunonia Shaw ( of Juno $ the queen of the gods in Roman mythology.) Jur^ T..- .. '-i-.^-r.- •T.C ^ c) Genus Scaphella Swain- son 1352. (Gr.3caphe» as Maculopeplum Dall 1906; from Lat.macula, a stain, spot -:- peplum, a gown, Fem.) 81 Scaphella .junonia .johnstoneae Clench (na- med for Mrs. H.I. Johnstone, collector who sent the holotype to Dr. Clench.) Scaphella junonia hutleri Clench (named for J, H. Butler of Marathon, Florida, a bowl, a dug-out | collector.' "boat. Forms rly known Scaphella atlantis Clench (named for the ketch Atlantis. ) Scaphella "beff^nudezi Clench & Aguayo (Ber- mudez'; ns^icid for Dr. P. J. Berraudez of Cuba. ) Scaphella neptunia Clench & Aguayo (Nep- - tune, the sea-god.) I Scaphella cuha Clench (Cuba . ) { Clenchina dohrni Sowerby (Pohrn's; named for Anton Dohrn, founder and director of the Zoological Station at Naples, Flo-- I rida; died in 1909.) I Clenchina florida Clench & Aguayo (Fieri- I da; found in the Florida Keys. ) I Clenchina gouldiana Dall (named for Dr. I Augustus Addison Gould, an eminent Amer- d) Genus Clenchina Pils- b ry & Olsson 1955 . {named in honor of Dr. William J. Clench, Halyard University, Cambridge, Massachu- setts, 1897- Fem. ) e) Genus Aurinia H.& A. Adams 1855. (From Lat. aurum, gold. Shells are light brownish orange. This genus replaces Genus Rehderia Clench 1945 (named for Dr.Harald Rehder, curator of Mollusks, U.S. Natio- nal Museiim, Washing- ton, D.C.) and Genus Auriniopsis Clench 19 55 (from Aurinia -«- opsis, aspect: re- sembling an Aurinia.) Fem. ) f ) Genus Volutifusus Conrad 1865. (Lat . voluta, volute -i- fusus, a spindle. This genus replaces Genus Bathyaurinia C 1 ench & Aguayo 1940 : ^Gr. bathys, deep -^'- Lat. aurum, gold. All ic an mala CO legist, 1805-1866.) i Clenchina robusta Dall (robust; shell is ■ large, about 112 ram. ) I Clenchina robusta marionae Pilsbry & 01s- ! son (named for Marion Locklin, f ome rly Assistant in the Department of Mollusks, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadel- i_ phia, Pennsylvania,) Aurinia kieneri Clench (Kiener's; ramed for Louis Charles Kiener, a French maJa - cologist, 1799-1881.) Au rinia kieneri ethelae Pilsbry & Olsson "Tnamed for Mrs. Ethel L. Townsend, Coco- nut Grove, Florida, who has the holotype in her private collection.) Aurinia schmitti Bartsch (Schmitt's; na- med for Dr. Waldo L. Schmitt, head cura- tor of Zoology at the U.S. National Muse- um, Washington, D.C, who collected the shell off Tortugas, Florida.) Aurinia georgiana Clench (from Georgia; found from North Carolina to Florida.) Aurinia dubia Broderip (dubious, undeter- mined. ) I Volutifusus niraticus Clench & Aguayo (piratical. ) Volutifusus torrei Pilsbry (Torre's; na- med for Carlos de la Torre, collector, of Havana, Cuba.) Volutifusus aguayoi Clench (Aguayo' s; na-| med for Dr. C.G. Aguayo of the University| of Havana, Cuba, 1899- ,) 82 specimens come from fair depths and have a light brownish or- ange color, ) (Masc.) 4, Family Cancellariidae, (Lat. cancelli, a grating made like a lat- tice. These shells have a cross-rihbed sculpture. Common name: CroBs-'barred Shells.) a) Genus Cancellaria Lamarck 1799. (Fern, ) Cancellaria conradiana Pall ( C onrad ' s ; an Ameri- Probably lata LinneJ netted, re- ribs and named for ' Timothy A. Conrad, can conchologist, 1804-1877. the same species as C, reticu Cancellaria reticulata Linne { b) Genus Trigonostoma Blainville 1826. (Gr. trigones, triangular H- stoma, mouth. For- merly only a subge- nus of Cancellaria Lamarck. Neuter.) c) Genus Admete Krbyer 1842. (Gr. Admete, an ocean nymph. Fern.) ticulated; with longitudinal revolving lines,) i Cancellaria reticulata adelae Pil3bry( na- ; ""med for Miss Adele Koto of Beloit, Wis- ' consin.) Trigonostoma agassizi Pall (named for A- lexander Agassiz.) Trigonostoma rugosum ILaiaargkl ( rough ;with strong axial ribs and spiral threads,) Trigonostoma tenerum Philippi (delicate; shell fairly thinTl Trigonostoma smithi Pall (named in honor of Sanderson Smith of the U.S. Fish Com- mission,) Admete couthouy! Jay (Couthouy*s| named for J. P. Couthouy, an American natura- list, 1808-1864.) (Also called viridula, rather greenish.) Admete microscopica Dall (microscopic; I shell minute, maximum length 4,3 mm; I maximum width 2 mm, ) ' Admete nodosa Verrill & Smith (knotty; I with nodules. ) I Admete tryoni Pall (dedicated to G. W. I Tryon, an American naturalist, 1838-1888. D Formerly listed as Benthobia tryoni Pall I (from benthos, depth of the sea -(- bios, life. It is a deep water mollusk; dred- ged in 731 fathoms.) 5. Family Marginellidae. (Pirainutive of Lat. margo, margin-, edge, rim, border. Common name: Rim Shells. So called on account of the rim which decorates the right border of the aperture, writes Petit de la Saussaye.) Marginella abyssorum Tomlin ( of the abys- ses; dredged in 294-640 fathoms.) Marginella aureocincta Stearns ( girdled ' with gold; amber or white banded with amber.) Marginella aureocincta immaculata Pall "Timmaculate ; shell is pure white. 1 Marginella canilla Pall (from canus,white^ a) Genus Marginalia Lainarck 1799«(Litt- le rim, Fern. ) 83 shell small and white.) Marginalia cassis Pall ( cassis s a of a Cassis, he Ime t a tri- Dall (ashy I shell is! shell has the shape angular form.) Marginella cineracea ashy dark, ) } Marginella denticulata Conrad (toothed; j strong folds on the columella, outer lip also toothed,) j Marginella, denticulata destina Schwengel \ (off Destin, Florida,) i Marginella denticulata opalina Stearns ( opal; shell is amber color, ) na- Marginalla esther Pall (Esther's.) Marginella evelynae Bayer (Evelyn's med for Miss Evelyn E. Gross.) Marginella fauna Sowerby (fauna , ) Marginella fernamdinae Pall (off Eernan- dina, Elorida, ) Marginella fusca Sowerby (dark, dusky.) Marginella fusina Pall (a spindle; shell ! is fusiform, ) j Marginella haematita Kiener (Gr, blood- ! like I red color,") Marginella hartleyana Schwengel ( named ; for Hartley Starkey, who dredged the ! specimen,) ; Marginella idiochila Schwengel (Gr, with ' a distinctive lip; has a very peculiar ! toothlike process on the outer lip,) : Marginella irnmitator Pall (such is Dall*s I spelling for imitator; this shell is li- ' ke M, incessa in form; it" imitates" M. I incessa,) ; Marginella incessa Pall ( maybe from Lat , ; incessum, walking slov/ly.) i Marginella inepta Pall (awkward, unfit.) ! Marginella .jaspidea Schwengel ( j asper ed ; i color is jasper pink, with a slightly I darker band below the suture. May be the i same as M. haematita Kiener.) ; Marginella margarita Kiener (a pearl.) : Marginella microgonia Pall (Gr, small an- 1 gle; shell short, stout, with a lov/ spi- ; re.) ' Marginella minima (Guilding) Sowerby ( ve r^ - ; y small, ) jMarginella nivea C, B.Adams (snoivy; shell I white 71 ! Marginella nobiliana Bayer (named for i Noble MasonTl 'Marginella oblonga Sxvainson ( oblong; shell '. oblong, pear-shaped, 1 \ JMarginella ocella Pall (little eye; with j brown eye-like spots.) i :Marginella pellucida Pfeiffer (very I bright, transparent. ) 1 jMarginella philtata M. Smith (Gr. superlf*- ' tive of philos, best beloved, dearest. a) Genus Marginella Lamarck 1799. (rem. ) "b ) Genus Prunum Herr- mannsen 1852. (Lat. noun meaning a plum, formerly listed as Marginella Lamarck 1799T~nTeuter.) 84 ; May "be the same as M. haematita Kiener,); Marginella redfieldi Tryon (Redf ield' s. ) j Marginella ro strata Redfield ( cu r ve d , rostrate, ) Marginella spilota Mazyck (Gr, stained, soiled, ) I Marginella storeria Couthouy (named for Dr. D, H. Storer, a naturalist.) ' Marginella succinea Conrad ( amber-coloredj shell light fawn or amber of the yellow j shade or a mixture of the two.) j Marginella tanora Sail (Gr. tanuo, to j stretch -;- os, oris, mouth; stretched mouths aperture more than half the lengtlp. of the shell.) Marginella watsoni Hall (■'■/at son' s; named for R, B. Watson, of the "Challenger" expedition. ) Marginella yucatecana Pall (from Yucatan Strait. ) (flesh-colored; has a "beautiful flesh color.) lahiatum Valenciennes (lipped; lip with small teeth on outer Prunvun carneum Storer shell Prunum orange-hrown; lip.) Prumom roosevelti Bartsch & Rehder med for President Franklin Delano velt , ) Prunum amahile Redfield ( 1 o ve ly , ) Prunum. apicinum Menke (from apex. ( na- Roose- apicis, tip, point, top; shell pointed,) ! Prunum apicinum boreale Verrill (northern^ I found from Massachusetts to Virginia,) ^ Prunum apicinum virgineum Jousseaume (virl- I ginal; shell pale flesh-colored.) I Prunum heali Th. McGinty (named for Dr. i J, H. Beal, of Cocoa, Florida,) i Prunum bellum Conrad (beautiful; shell ' yellowish or pinkish v/hite.) ' Prunum guttatum Dillvfyn (spotted; shell ; covered with milky specks.) ■ Prunum limatulum Conrad (filed, polished, ' smooth. ) I Pruni;mi virginianum Conrad (from Virginia^ c ) Genus Persicula Schu-' macher 1817. (A dimi- '■ nutive from Lat, 1 persicus, a peach: a I little peach. Pern.) : Formerly listed as ' Marginella Lamarck , ) Persicula lavalleana Orbigny (named for Francis Lavallee, a collector, former French vice-consul in Trinidad.) Persicula catenata Montagu (chained; chain-like revolving bands of brownish and white markings.) Persicula catenata pulcherrima Gaskoin (very beautiful.! Persicula minuta Pfeiffer (minute, small; Persicula lavalleana may be the same.) Hyalina albolineata Orbigny (lined v/ith v/hite; shell yellowish v/hite with brown- ^ ) Genus Hyalina Schu- macher 1817. TLat . glassy, transparent. Formerly considered only as a su]Dgenus and listed as Mar- ginella Lamarck 1799, Fem.l e ) Genus Gibberulina Monterosato 1884 . (a diminutive of Lat, gibber, a hump or humpbacked; little humpbacked, Formerly listed as Marginella Lamarck 1799. rem. ) 85 ish bands. ) Hyalina avena Valenciennes (oat grain.) Hyalina avenacea Deshayes (resembling an i oat grainTT i Hyalina avenella Pall (little oat grain. )^ hyalina lactea Kiener (mi Iky; shell is <, milky-whiteTl i Hyalina pallida Donovan (pale; shell is whitish or yellowish white.) Hyalina subtriplicata Orbigny (with some three plaits; columella with three mo- derate plaits (a fourth plait is often perceptible. ) Hyalina styria Dall (maybe from sty rax, • the spike at the lower end of a spear sliaft.) Hyalina styria minor Dall ( smaller ; she 11 smaller than the preceding one; length 6 mm. instead of 7; diameter 2 mm. in- stead of 2.5) Hyalina torticula Dall (somewhat twisted; axis is bent. ) Hyalina torticula elusiva Dall (elusive; I the torsion is less evident tlian in the ._ preceding one.) Gibberulina ovulifonnis Orbigny (having the form of an egg; ovalTl Gibberulina amianta Dall (unspotted; shell is white. The same as ovuliformis Orbigny. ) Gibberulina hadria Dall ( Gr , thi ck , stout ; shell stumpy, has a remarkably thick outer lip.) Same as ovuliformis Orbigny, Gibberulina lacrimula Gould (a little tear, little drop; shell pyriform, pear- shaped; v/idest at the posterior end. Sa- me as ovuliformis Orbigny.) Gibberulina tinolia Dall (maybe from Lat, tina, a little decanter.) Gibberulina truncata Dall (truncated; spire squarely truncate.) Genus C onus Li nne 1758. iMasc.l 6. Family Conidae. (Lat, conus, a cone; these shells bear resemblance to the form of a cone. Common names Cones.) Conus bermudensis Clench ( B e nnu da . ) Conus bermudensis lymani Clench ( Lyman ' s ; named for Frank Lyman of Lantana, Florida) Conus caribbaeus Clench (Caribbean.) Conus centurio Born (centurion. ) Conus citrinus Gmelin (lemon-colored; a yellowish shell spotted with red-brown.) Conus daucus Hwass (Lat, noun meaning a carrot; this cone is brov;nish- orange or carrot color.) Conus dominicanus Hv/ass (of the island of Dominica, Lesser Antilles.) Conus echinulatus Kiener (somewhat spiny.) Genus Conus Linne 1758. (llasc.) 86 i Conus flavescens (Gray) Sower"by (yellow- | I ish| color white v;ith bands of pale j 1 'brownish yellow, or yellow.) i Conus floridanus GaTpTo (Florida.) { Conus floridanus floridensis Sowerby( f ron| Florida? striped Florida Cone , ) j Conus floridanus hurryae Clench (named } for Mrs. L.A.Burry.) | Conus granulatus Linne (granulated.) j Conus .jaspideus Gmelin (jaspered; with j patches of brownish- red. Formerly known j as peali Green; Peal's.) ( Conus .jaspideus pygmaeus Reeve (dwarf or [ pygmy; formerly called pygmaeus Reeve.) j Conus .juliae Clench (Julia's; named for j Mrs. William J. Clench.) [ Conus mus Hwass (a mouse; mouse-colored, ] ashy with brown; it is different from Conus citrinus Gmelin.) I Conus perryae Clench (Perry's; named f or j Dr. Louise M. Perry; formerly called C. melvilli Perry, in honor of James Cosmo Melvill, 1845-1929.) Conus ranunculus Hwass (little frog; also called C. testudinarius Hwass;turtle. ) Conus regius Gmelin (royal; formerly called G. nebulosus Hwass; cloudy; u- sually deep-chocolate-brown with spots and blotches. ) Conus regius cardinalis Hwass ( c ar d i na 1 ; color deep reddi sh- orange . ) Conus regius abbotti Clench (Abbott's; named for R. Tucker Abbott, Associate Curator, Division of Mollusks, Smith- sonian Institution, Washington, D.C.) Conus sennottorum Rehder & Abbott ( o f the Sennotts; na.med for Mr. and Mrs. John N. Sennott, of New City, Nev/ Jerse^ Conus sozoni Bartsch (Sozon's; named for Mr. Sozon Vatikiotis of Tarpon Springs, Florida; form.erly called Conus delesser- ti Recluz; named for a Mr. Delessert, of Paris, France.) Conus spurius spurius Gmelin (spurious; formerly called C. proteus Hwass; pro- teus or variable. Proteus in mythology was a sea deity v;ith pov/er to assume any shape he wanted.) Conus spurius atlanticus Clench ( At 1 an t i c^ Conus aureofasciatus Rehder & Abbott (banded v/ith gold; color glossy v/hite with a spiral color-band of cream- orange. ) Conus stearnsi Conrad ( Stearns ' ; named for Robert Edward Carter Stearns, col- lector, 1827-1909.) Conus stimpsoni Dall (Stimpson's; named for W. Stimpson, an eminent American zoologist, 1832-1872.) ■ ; 87 Conus mazei Deshayes ( Maze ' s . ) Conus verrucosus Hwass (warty, rough; with I rov/s of small tuTDercles.) Conus__ verrucosus vanhyningi Rehder ( Van i Hyning'sTT . i Conus vBrruoosus piraticus Clench (pira- & Bernard! (named i tical.) ! Conus villepini Pischer I for a Mr, VillepinTT 1 QilIiy:S J!I°£lse;^i_M^_Smi th (named for Heath- cote M. ^Yoolsey, of Kent, Connecticut.) lnonus_austini_Rehder & A^jhott (named for i Austin H. Clark, curator of echinoderms, I national Museum, 1881-1954.) 'Conus clarki Rehder & Abbott (named for > Austin K. Clark, 1881-1954.) 7. Family Terebridae . (Lat . terebra, a borer, auger. Auger Shells.) Genu s Terebra Bru- guiefe_1789 .TLat . an auger. Fem.) Terebra areas Abbott (from Areas Cays, southern Campeche Bank, Mexico.) Terebra concava Say (concave; whorls are concave, constricted.) Terebra concava vinosa Dall (wine-colored.) "{"dis arranged, dislo- alternating Terebra dislocata Say coarse cated; seems to be made of large and small whorls.) Terebra dislocata rudis_Gra^ (rude, sculpture is coarse.) Terebra glossema Schwengel (Gr. glossema means the gloss by which a strange word is explained, and also the head of a darU This last meaning probably explains the name of the shell; shell is pointed, smoothj) Terebra limatula Dall (limatula, as noun, means a little file. Sculpture is strong, finely reticulated; it is like a little file.) Terebra nassula Dall (diminutive of nassa, a little wicker basket with a narrow neck for catching fish. Spiral threads crossed by transverse ribs.) Terebra protexta Conrad ( intertwined, fine- ribbed.) Terebra protexta lutescens A.E.Smith ( muddy ; color pale brown to dark ashy.) Terebra taurina Solander (of a bull, bull- ish; resembling a bull's horn. Used to be known as Terebra f lammea_Lamarck (recall- ing a flame; with flame-like marks. Call- ed by Dall Terebra_texana (Texan). Tere- bra feldmanni Rodin£ ^l^e Idmann ' s ) is the same species.) Terebra_benthalis_Dall (from the depths of the sea; found in 100-400 fathoms.) Terebra rushi_Dall( named for W.H.Rush.USN.j) Terebra floridana Dall (from Florida.) Terebra floridana stegeri Abbott (named j "after Barbara and Dan Steger, collectors. )i t -^ ^ t;-i. ; V.;'.:; , -.u: ^.■••; t . O ' ■■ I'f 1.. ■■:;(.. '::■■':■:':" !■- 88 I Tere"bra cinerea Born (ashy, ash-colored.) i Terebra hastata Gmelin (speared; shaped | like the head of a halberd.) ! ! Terebra salleana Deshayes (Salle's.) 8. Family Turridae. (Lat, turris, a tower. Corainon name: Tower Shells.) a ) Genus Gemraula Wein- kauff 1375. (Lat . a little gem, a lit- tle precious stone. Fern, ) b) Gemmula peri seel ida Pall (Gr. a leg-band, garter I shall has a spiral sculpture consisting of a cord which becomes v;ide and forms a band.) Genus Polystira VIoodr- \ ring" 1923. ("C-r . p o ly st many — probably sty-i los, a pillar, post. I Sculpture consists of| spiral keels and I threads, and of strong growth threads. Pern. ) ' Genu s Leuco syrinx Pall" 1889. Xgt, leu- cos, white -•- syrinx, a tube, pipe. Shells white or pale. Fern.) ^) Genus Ancistro syrinx j Pall, ISBlTTGr. an- cistron, a fish hook -- syrinx, a tube, pipe, Fem, ) Polystira albida Perry (whitish; also called Polyntira rirgo Lamarck or Wood; | virgin. Shell is grayish white.) i Polys;cira albida tellea Pall (Gr, teleos,] completes perfect; fine reticulated ap- j pearance.) j Polystira albida vibex Pall (vibex: a j bruise; has bands of olive green color; j the outer ].ip is slit.) | Polystira florencae Bartsch (Florence's; \ named for Miss Florence Pouglass, assis-j tant in the sonic sounding operations j of the Johnson-Smithsonian Expedition, in 1933.) Polystira macra Bartsch (Gr, long; shell fusiform, slender,; Leucosyrinx slgsbeei Pall (Sigsbee's; na- med for Lieutenant Connnander C. P. Sigs- bee, U. S. Navy, of the "Blake% 1877- 1878.) Leucosyrinx subgrundifera Pall ( somewhat bearing a gutter 5 spiral sculpture of an extremely sharp and wide keel.) Leucosyrinx tenoceras Pall (Gr. stretch- ed horn; shell long, very slender; length 60 ram., width 14 mm.) Leucosyrinx verrilli Pall (Verrill's; na-^ med for Professor Addison E. Verrill, of Yale University, eminent zoologist, 1839-1927.) ! Leucosyrinx janetae Bartsch ( Janet ' s , ) j Ancistrosyrinx elegans Pall (elegant; I this is a most exquisite gem of the sea,i writes Pall.) j Ancistrosyrinx radiata Pall (rayed; of a' diffuse very pale brown, ) I e) Genus Crassi spira Swainson 1840. (Lat. Crassi spira drangai Schwengel named for Ted Dranga of Iliami Grassispira ebenina Pall ( ebor brown-black. ) Grassispira mesoleuca Rehder ( ( Pranga ' s ; , collector. ly; color Gr, half axial ribs crassu spira, s, thick — coil, spire. white; the is spotted upper part of with white . ) the • ;; Z C) 0 J d ■ . ^r-v , ! : o - ■ J. '■•■', . wr-io '•.,>.; :.^ -. 'f';;! I ■ / i . Feminine • ) 89 : j Crassispira phasma Schwengel (a specter, j I an apparition, ) j I Crassispira ostrearum Stearns ( of the I oysters; formerly known as Clathrodril- j lia ostrearum Stearns. ) j C rassispira sanibelensis Bartsch & Rehderj ""{"collected at Sanibel Island, Florida; j is like C. ebenina Dall.) i Crassispira tampaensis Bartsch & Rehder j ( collected at Tampa Bay, Florida; like ] C. ostrearum Stearns.) Crassispira tampaensis "bartschi Perry j n["named for Dr. Paul Bartsch, of the ! Smithdonian Institution, 1871- .) Monilispira alhinodata Reeve ( La t , w i th f ) Genus Monilispira Bar'tsch & Rehder 1939, (Lat, monile, necklace -»- spira, spire, Fem,) g ) Genus Bellaspira C onrad_lB 677TLat , "belius, pretty ~>- spira, spire. Whorls marked by strong axial ribs, and v/ith spiral cords. Fern.) v/hite nodules; shell with v/hite nodules, as Clathrodrillia albino 1 Formerly knov/n data Reeve, ) Monilispira leucocyma Pall (Gr. white wave, curve; some ribs are tipped with white.) i Monilispira monilis Bartsch & Rehder i (v/ith a necklace; has a broad cord with ... pale yellow tubercles.) Bellaspira pentagonalis Pall ( pentagonal^ Bellaspira pentapleura Schvfengel ( Gr . | with five sides; a cross section of the j shell forms an exact pentagon v/ith pro- j jecting rounded angles, v/rites Pr,Sch'>7eri gel.) i Pall (Lat, adjec shell pure Clathrodrillia albicoma tive meaning white-liaired; white Y/ith extremely fine regular threads . ) Clathrodrillia albomaculata Orbigny stained with \7hite.) Clathrodrillia acestra Pall (Lat (Gr. a darn- slender, v/ith a ing-needle; shell long, translucent white tip.) Clathrodrillia acrybia Pall (Gr. acribes^ exact, nice, perfect.! j Clathrodrillia alesidota Pall (Gr. given j a grinding; shell rudely sculptured.) ! Clathrodrillia alesidota macilenta Pall j "Tthin; shell more slender than the pre- ! ceding one. ) j Clathrodrillia amblytera Bush ( c omp ara t i 4 ve of amblys, blunt | more blunt; this j species is more blunt than Cymatosyrinx dalli, explains Bush.) { Clathrodrillia detect a_Pall ( di s c o ve red ; [ just discovered, but no perfectly matu- re specimen had been collected.) Clathrodrillia dolana Pall ( Po Ian ' s . ) Clathrodrillia ebur Reeve (ivory.) - J ^. . I ' ■• '■■ i I ■ , ■ I I. ' ■ ' . \' '■ I h) Genus Clathrodrillia Pall 1918. (Lat. lattice ->- bore. clathri, English drill, Pem. ) i ) Genus Cerodrillia Bartsch & Rehder 1939, (Lat, cera, wax -I- English, drill, bore. Shells have a waxy appearance ,Eem. ) 90 Clathrodrillia eucosmia canna Pall ( eu- cosmia; well adorned, graceful; canna: a reed, cane,) Clathrodrillia fanoa Pall (maybe sugges- ted by Gr, phanos, light, bright.) Clathrodrillia haliostrephis Pall (Gr, haliotrephes, with no s before the t, means feeding in the sea, sea-bred, Gr. halistrephes, means sea-girt.) Clathrodrillia inimica Pall (unfriendly, hostile . ; Clathrodrillia orellana Pall (Orell's.) (Gr. phar- j ) Genus Syntomodrillia Woodring 1928. ( Gr . syntoraos, cut off, shortened -i- English drill, bore. Shells somewhat bluntly tip-i ped. Pern.) | Clathrodrillia pharcida Pall cis, pharcidos, a wrinkle, fold; wrinkl-j ed; a rough-looking shell.) I Clathrodrillia polytorta Pall ( of many j tv/ists; has thirteen whorls.) Clathrodrillia textilia Pall( textile,wavQ^) C erodrillia clappi Bartsch & Rehder "Cciapp's; named for Pr. George H. Clapp, 1858-1949.) Cerodrillia perryae Bartsch & Rehder (perry ^s; named for Pr. Louise M.Perry.) Cerodrillia schroederi Bartsch & Rehder ( Schroeder; named for Lieutenant Seaton Schroeder, navigator on the Albatross when this shell was dredged.) Cerodrillia thea Pall (]:Ieo-Latin for tea colored olivaceous "like the leaves of tea which have been steeped", writes Pall.) Cerodrillia thea carminura Pall ( nu c 1 eu s is a bright carmine color. 1 Syntomodrillia carolinae Bartsch (named for the yacht Caroline of the Johnson- Smithsonian Peep-Sea Expedition in 193a) Syntomodrillia v/oodringi Bartsch (named for Wendell Philipps Woodring, 1891- .) Cymatosyrinx lissotropis Pall (Gr.lissog, smooth -I- tropis, a keel; shell is pol- ; ished) is the same. j Syntomodrillia tantula Bartsch (Lat. so : small; shell small, length 7.1 mm.) ', k ) Genus Compsodrillia Woodring 1928. (Gr. compsos, well dressed, elegant -h English drill, bore. Fern.) Compsodrillia disticha Bartsch ( Gr . tv/ o j lines or rows; spiral sculpture of only; two strong threads or keels.) , Compsodrillia nana Bartsch (dwarf; shell I small, length 8.7 mm.) i Compsodrillia petersoni Bartsch ( named ! for Captain Andrew II. Peterson of Mr. ' Johnson's yacht "Caroline", put at the [ disposal of the Smithsonian Institution j for the Johnson-Smithsonian Peep-Sea i Expedition in 1933.) Compsodrillia tristicha Pall( Gr. three li-' nes; three strong spiral threads or keelsO . -i- '■ \;,-y-::^rjvUii.'*- -bo^j.. ■ r. •\,:\ ■: 1 ) Genus Carin o drillia Pall IQig.TLat. ca- rina, a keel -•- En- glish drill, bore. The nuclear whorls have a median cari- "^ na, Fern.) m) Genus Leptodrillia i Bartsch 19 54. Fgi". i leptos, small, thin I -I- drill, bore, Fern.) [ n) Genus iTeodrillia iGr. Fern. ) P ) Genus Inodrillia Bartsch 1943. Bartsch 1945 . neos, new -<- English drill, bore, A new Drillia, differing from Drillia proper described by Gray in 1838, Eem, ) 0 ) Genus Viridrillia Mli££^_i2i3 . ( May b e Lat, viridis, green, young, strong -i- En- glish drill, bore. (May- strength be is, inos, muscle — English drill, bore. Eem. ) Ino may also refer to the daughter of Cad- i mus, v;or shipped as a ' 91 Carinodrillia tainoa Correa (from Taino, one of the first races of the Antilles, Taino means peace.) Carinodrillia apitoa Correa (in Antilleaili mythology Apito is the name of the Eartlji Mother.) Carinodrillia liella Correa (in Antille- an mythology lella or Liella is the Mo- ther of the Supreme Being.) Carinodrillia Eiamona Correa (in Antille- an mythology Mamona is another name f or j the Mother of the Supreme Being.) | Carinodrillia suimaca Correa (in Antille-j an m-ythology Zuimaco or Suimaco is an- j other name for the Earth Mother.) I Leptodrillia splendida Bartsch (splendid^ shell shiny. ) • Leptodrillia loria Bartsch (meaning un- | knov/n , ) j ITeodrillia cydia Bartsch (meaning un- known .' ) Feodrillia encia Bartsch (meaning unkno^An-; in Spanish encia means gum of the teethj ITeodrillia barbadensis Bartsch (collectec. off Barbados, ) ITeodrillia antiguensis Bar tsch (collect- ed at Falmouth, Antigua. T~ ITeodrillia j amaicensis Bartsch (collec- ted in Jamaica. ) ITeodrillia euphanes Melvill (Gr. very bright; shell milk white. ) Bartsch (collectec. Bahamas.1 Viridrillia balia.mensis on the shores of Biraini Island, Viridrillia cervina Bartsch (Lat. of a deer;' deer-color 5 shell pale brown ex- { cept the nucleus which is flesh -colored) Viridrillia v/illiami Bartsch ('William's.) Viridrillia hendersoni Bartsch ( named ! for John Brooks Menderson, an American ' nmlacologist and a former Regent of the ; Smithsonian Institution, 1870-1923.) I Inodrillia cestrota Dall (Gr. pointed; ; has a strong shoulder angle; spiral j sculpture is much more strongly develo- j ped than in Inodrillia nucleata Dall.) i Inodrillia hesperia Bartsch (Lat. wes- | tern; found at ^'/e stern Dry Docks, Tortu-' gas, Florida. ) Inodrillia nucleata Dall (with a special nucleus; nuclear v/horls are large.) Inodrillia aepynota Dall ( hi gh-backed ; tall-spired; shell stout, inflated nu- cleus, prominent whorls. Formerly listed as Cymatosyrinx aepynota _^Dall. ) Inodrillia dalli Verrill & Smith (named » '• sea-goddess, Fem.) q) Genus Fenimorea Bartsch 1954, T'Sa- med after Eldridge R. Fenimore Johnson, son of Eldridge R. Johnson of Phila- delphia, who finan- ced the Johnson- Smithsonian Deep- Sea Expedition in 1933, Fern,) 92 for William H. Dall, an eminent America malacologist, 1845-1927 . )Formerly liste as Csnnatosyrinx dalli. llnodrillia martha Bartsch (collected off Martha's Vineyard. ) llnodrillia hatterasensis Bartsch (collec- ted off Cape Hatteras, ) Inodrillia mi ami a Bartsch (collected off New Cut, Miami, Florida.) ' Inodrillia avira Bartsch (meaning unknowr Inodrillia acova Bartsch ( meaning un- knownTT Inodrillia vetula Bartsch (Lat. rather old; the sculpture is obsolete.) Inodrillia gibha Bartsch (Lat. hump; humped; shell small hut stout,) jinodrillia ino Bartsch (ino, the first j two syllables of Inodrillia; or named i after Ino, daughter of Cadmus, worship- : ped as a sea-goddess,) 'inodrillia dido Bartsch (named after Dido j the reputed founder of Carthage.) jinodrillia hilda Bartsch (Hilda's,) [Fenimorea .janetae Bartsch (Janet's.) iFenimorea moseri Dall jMoser's; named for ; Lieutenant J, F. Moser, U. S. Navy.) jFenimorea moseri "brunnescens Rehder (be- i coming brown; shell light vinaceous- i cinnamon color,) iFenimorea fucata Reeve (not furcata, , which is a misprint; Lat. painted, color ' ed; shell is brown, Neodrillia euphanes I Melvill seems to be the same . ) JFenimorea fucata paria Reeve (Gr, parios, ' of Paros, famous for its white marble; i shell is pale-colored. A variant of ! the preceding one.) 'Fenimorea halidorema Schwengel (Gr. gift 'of the sea, ) r ) Genus Eldridge a i" Bartsch 19 34. (Named i in honor of Eldridge • R. Johnson of Phila- JEldridgea .lohnsoni Bartsch (named for delphia, who financed ' Eldridge R. Johnson of the Johnson- the Johnson-Smithson- Smithsonian Expedition, 1933.) ian Deep- Sea Expedi- tion in 1933, Fem.) s ) Genus Douglassia i' Bartsch 1934. (Named j in honor of Mr. Dou- iPouglassia enae Bartsch (named for Ena glass and his two ' Douglass, assistant in the sonic sound- , daughters Ena and Flo-i ing operations of the Johnson-Smithson- rence who were members! ian Deep-Sea Expedition in 1933,) of the staff of the iDouglassia bealiana Schwengel & McGinty Johnson-Smithsonian '"Jnamed for Dr. J. H. Beal, collector.) Expedition, 1933, Fem, ) I ■,>! '"If".?" ~Tr '■"" ' ' ! I V,. ' ''"i.'liT "V- ■•.*■■■" "^= J !■•' ; -iV ' '. ■ '. i '' AM irf ■.-> iiinn i .r< •>:•■•.:■> ; t n. , I '.v . . I . . ■ ■.•.:\:} E>iv.< ■ 1. '^'.nM . 1 1 / ■ t ) Genus Darby a Bartsch 1934, (Named for Dr. Darby, a member of the Johnson-Smithson- ian Deep-Sea Expedi- tion in 1933, Pern.) u ) Genus Fusi syrinx Bart sch_19.34 . (lat . fusus, a spindle -i- syrinx, a tube, pipej a reed. Fem. ) V ) Genus Fusiturricula Bartsch 1954. ( Lat . fusus, a spindle -*- turricula, a little tower, Fem. ) TT ) Genus Cymatosyrinx Pall 1889? (Gr . cyma , cymat- , wave -'.- sy- rinx, a tube, pipe. Fern. ) 93 Darbya lira Bartsch (Lat. a furrow; shel] pale yellow with a brown band around the whorls. ) Fusisyrinx fenimorei Bartsch (named for Eldridge R. Penimore Johnson, son of Mr. Johnson of the Johnson-Smithsonian Expedition. ) Fusiturricula enae Bartsch (named for j Ena Douglass, assistant in the sonic ! so\Ih.ing operations of the Johns on-Smith-j . sonian Expedition, 1933.) i i Cymatosyrinx carpenteri Verrill & Smith i (named for Philip P. Carpenter, an En- j glish naturalist, 1819-1877.) ^ j C?/matosyrinx centimata Pall (Gr. centema, goad, sting, point; with a pointed tur- rited spire.) Cymatosyrinx ebur Pall (ivory; shell ivo- ry colored. It seems to be the same as Viridrillia cervina Bartsch. ) Cymatosyrinx pagodula Dall (little pago- da. ) Cymatosyrinx pagodula pentagonalis Dall (pentagonal; looks like an exact penta- gon with rounded angles. Seems to be the same as Bellaspira pentagonalis Dall. ) Cymatosyrinx sii/ipsoni Dall {Tiamed for Charles Torrey Simpson, the joint author with William H. Dall in the report upon the Porto Rican Mollusks, 1846-1932.) Lora angulosa G.O.Sars (angled, angular.) Lora bicarinata Couthouy (two- keeled; with two revolving ridges or keels.) Lo ra bicarinata violacea Mighels & Adams ""("violet color; shell of a blackish pur- ple color.) Lora blakei Verrill ( B 1 ake ' s . ) Lora blaneyi Bush ("named for Mr, and Mrs. D'.vight Blaney of Boston, Massachusetts, collectors. ) Lora cancellata Mighels & Adams (cross- barred; longitudinal ribs crossed by transverse revolving lines give the shel. a cancellated appearance.) Lora cancellata canadensis (Verrill and Bush) VniteavesTf^o'^- Canada.) Lora decussata Couthouy (crossed like an X; whorls covered v/ith folds undulated and oblique. ) IV . . ■ I i ; ''■. ! r ■ •. n i 1 r":7:^r.f ,.;i; 1!:. x) Genus Lora Gistel (Lat . 1848. (Lat. lorum, a thong, strap; made of straps. Shells marked with numerous slightly elevated revolving lines and smaller intervening ones. On account of its ending, fern.) 94 Lora decussata pusilla Verrill (very small, ) Lora elegans M'dller (elegant,) Lora exarata Moller (furrowed; surface covered with strong revolving threads which cross the ribs.) Lora gouldi Verrill (named for Augustus A. Gould, M.D,, an eminent American naturalist, 1805-1866.) Lora harpularia Gouthouy (little harp ; composed of angulated whorls with about sixteen oblique ribs and many revolving lines. ) Lora hebes Verrill (Lat. dull, blunt; spire is blunt, ) Lora incisula Verrill (cut, incised, concave slit I with revol- i well excavated, I ving grooves,) ; Lora mitrula concinnula Verrill ( mi t r u la , { little miter; concinnula, rather beauti- I ful, elegant.) ' Lora nobilis Moller (noble . ) Lora pingeli Moller ( Pingel ' s . ) . Lora pleurotomaria Gouthouy (Gr. pleuron,, side -1- tomarion, a slice, cut. Aperture] has a slight notch at its posterior an- 1 gle.) Lora pusilla Verrill (very small.) , Lora pygmaea Verrill (pygmy, dwarf; one , I of the largest shells of this species isl i 5.5 mm. long.) ^ ) I Lora rathbuni Verrill (named for K.Rath- i i bun, of the U. S. Fish Commission.) I JLora rosea G.O.Sars (pink.) | Lora sarsi Verrill (named for Georg Ossiaji I Sars, a great Noirwegian malacologist, | I 1837-1927.) I JLora scalaris Moller (staircase; like a i ': staircase; shell with whorls rising near4 ; ly perpendicularly from each other.) i 'Lora scalaris ecarinata G.O.Sars (v/ithout| i a keel. ) ' ^Lora subturgida Verrill (somewhat swollen;! '■ shell stout, with swollen angulated ; . v/horls.) I JLora subvitrea Verrill ( somev/hat glassy; | ' shell translucent, white.) \ '■ Lora tanneri Verrill & Smith ( Tanner ' s ; ; I named for Lieutenant Z. L. Tanner, U. S.| : Navy . ) j 'Lora tenuicostata G.O_,_Sars (thinly rib- i ,1 bed.) ! :Lorajbenuilirata Dall (with thin furrows; ; surface covered with finely impressed i lin.6 s ) ; Lora _trevely ana Turton ( Trevelyan' s; na- I med for Miss Emma Trevelyan.) i'Genota mitrella Dall (little miter; this . ; ■ i i ■:[•■ \ I . ■'■ . >• •OlVi': y) z) Genus Genota H.&A. Adams 1855. (From le Genot, name arbitra- rily given by Adan- son in 1757. Fern.) Genus Mangel ia Risso 1826. ^ Risso trans- lates Mangelia simp- ly by Mange lie which has no meaning in French. Dr. Fischer claims that Mangelia (written by many Mangilia erroneously) is named after G. Mangili, an Italian naturalist, 1767-1829. Fern. ) 95 species has the aspect of a small acute } rough- sculptured Mitra.) t Genota viabrunnea Pall (Lat. via, way, i road --- brunus, brown; brown-banded; | with a band of brown. ) | Mangelia acloneta Pall (Gr. unshaken, un-j moved."} j Mangelia acrocarinata Pall (with a sharp | carina; has a sharply carinate nucleus.)! Mangelia antonia Pall (from Cape San An- j tonio. ) i Mangelia areia Pall (as a noun it means j in Gr. a curse, threat; as an adjective,} devoted to Mars, valiant, martial.) i Mangelia astricta Reeve (stiff, laced; j shell encircled, enlaced with a narrow j brown zone. ) i Mangelia bandella Pall (little band; has a sutural band with raised sculpture; notch broad leaving a distinct band.) Mangelia biconica C.B.Adams ( b i c o n i c . ) Mangelia cerina Kurtz & Stimpson (v/axy; shell whitish or slightly yellow; inner surface light wax yellow.) Mangelia ceroplasta Bush (Gr. ceros, wax -•■- plassein, to form, mold; molded in wax. ) Mangelia chasmata Pall (Gr. gaping, open wide; the aperture is about half the length of the shell.) Mangelia Christina Pall (proper name Christine.") Mangelia comatotropis Pall ( Gr , hair — tropis, keel; with sharp revol- j ving ridges.) I Mangelia crossata Pall (from English ' crossed, mixed; som.ewhat resembling an- ! other species.) ' Mangelia c rat era Pall (Lat. a mixing ves-j sel; a craterTT i Mangelia cryera Pall (Gr. cryeros, icy, \ chilling; deep v/ater shell.) Mangelia dalli Verrill (named for Willi an; h'. Pall, an eminent American raalacolo gist, 1845-1927.) Mangelia dorvillae (Gray) Reeve (named for a Mrs. Porville.; Mangelia elusiva Pall (elusive; shell with no salient chara,cters or attrac- tions.) '■ Mangelia ephami 11a gush (Gr. a match for,, equal to; shell rather stout, has very , prominent ribs.) Mangelia exsculpta Watson ( sculptured, engraved. ) Mangelia fritillaria Pall (Lat, fritillus; dicebox; name of plants with checkered i markings on the petals; shell has a , come, 'iv t 2 ) Genus Mangelia Risso 1826. ( Continued, Pem.) 96 sculpture of narrow ribs and small re- volving threads.) Mangelia glypta Bush (carved, sculptured; sculptured with longitudinal ribs and conspicuous revolving threads which, in crossing the ribs, form nodules.) Mangelia ipara Dall (meaning unknown; may be derived from epara, a curse, an imprecation, ) Mangelia ischna Dall (Gr, thin, lean; shell slender, minute. Length 4.6 mm.) Mangelia lastica Dall (meaning unknown,) Mangelia leuca Bush (whi t e ; she 11 b lu i sh white. ) Mangelia loraeformis Dall ( shaped like a Xora; "it bears the aspect of a Lora", writes Dall. ) Mangelia morra Dall (off Morro Light, Havana, Cuba; formerly listed as Daph- nella morra Dall. ) Mangelia oxia Bush (Gr. oxys, oxeia, pointed, sharp. J" Mangelia oxia melanitica Dall ( blacki sh ; color whitish stained with brown, aper- ture and base darker.) Mangelia oxytata Bush ( superlative of oxys, very sharp; acute apex and angu- larly shouldered whorls . ) Mangelia pelagia Dall (pelagic.) Mangelia percom-pacta Dall (very compact; length 2.3 mm.) Mangelia peripla Dall (sailing round; shell transversely sculptured by 12 or 14 rounded ribs.) Mangelia plicosa C.B.Adams (plaited; ribs crossed by strong ridges.) Mangelia pourtalesi Dall (named for Count Louis Frangois de Pourtales, 1823-1880. )j Mangelia quadrata Reeve ( square , ) Mangelia quadrata diminuta C.B.Adams (di- minutive, small. T Mange lia_i^bdea_Da 11 (a little rod.wand^ Mangelia scipio Dall ( Lat . masc. noun meaning ^ staff carried by persons of rank; shell extremely slender, delicate, white. ) Mangelia sericifila Dall (Lat. sericum, silk -I- filum, thread; spiral sculpture of small threads.) Mangelia serga Dall (serge; shell dull, yellowish white, ) Mangelia strongyla_Dall (Gr. round, sphe- rical; whorls evenly rounded.) Mangelia subcircularis Dall ( somev/hat circular; whorls well rounded.) Mangelia subsida Dall (setting dov/n, sinking. ) Mangelia toreumata Dall (worked in re embossed; spiral sculpture of strong liei I '•-■ I '' : :■': : b ' ) Genus Rube Hat orna Bart sell k Rehder 1959. (Lat .rubellus, reddish -- Gr.tome, a cut. Fem.) a ' ) Genus Glypho stoma Gabi) 1872. '(Gr. glypho, to engrave, carve -•- stoma, mouth. Shells having denticulations on the columella and within the aperture on the varicial callus. Neuter.) 97 threads. ) Mangelia_tachnodes Pall (obviously there is a typographical error in the word tachnodes printed in Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, vol. 70, p. 37; tachnodes has no meaning. As Call wri- tes: "The strong rather sharp sculpture gives this form a peculiarly elegant ap- pearance", it is evident that he inten- ded to use technodes which means artis- tic. ) Glyphostoma dentiferum Gabb (bearing teeth. ) Glyphostoma epicasta Bartsch (Gr. proper name, Epicaste, mother of OEdipus.) Glyphostoma elsae Bartsch ( E 1 s a ' s , ) Glyphostoma gabbi Dall (named for \7. M. Gabb, a conchologist, 1839-1878.) Glyphostoma gratulum Dall (rather plea- sing, agreeable.) Glyphostoma herminea Bartsch (probably the proper name Herraine . ) Glyphostoma hendersoni Bartsch ( n ane d f o John Brooks Henderson, an Araerican mala cologist, 1870-1923; this species was collected by Henderson's yacht Eolis.) ' Glyphostoma oenoa Bartsch (OEnoe's; a i proper name designating a city of anti- I quity.) i Glyphostoma pilsbryi Schwengel ( named f o Dr. Kenry A. Pilsbry, one of the great- est American malacologists, 1862- .) I Rubellatoma rubella Kurtz & Stimpson lips Treddish; shell chestnut-brown Rubellatoma diomedea Bartsch & Rehder (Dioraedea is the name of the genus to which the web-footed bird Albatross be- longs. This species was collected by the U. S. Bureau Of Fisheries steamer "Albatross".) ' Kurtziella atrostyla Dall (Lat, ater, I black — stylos, pillar; the pillar is c')Genus Kurtziella Dall' very dark purple, or almost black.) 1918. (Named after J.| Kurtziella cerinella Dall (wax-colored; D. Kurtz, an American shell v/hitish and ashyTT conchologist. Pem. ) ' Kurtziella perryae Bartsch & Rehder ( na- • med for Dr. Louise II. Perry, collector. ! Kurtziella limonitella Dall (lemon yel- lov/TJ d ' ) Genus Stellatoma Bartsch & Rehder 1939. (Lat. Stella, star — • Gr. tome, a cut« Feminine.) Stellatoma stellata Stearns (starry.) e ' ) Genus Pyrgocythara Woodring 1928 . I Gr . pyrgos, a tower -•- cithara, a kind of lyre, lute. Fern.) f ' ) Genus Glyphoturri s Woodring 1928. ( Gr7 glypho7 to carve -^ Lat. turris, a tow- er. Fern.) g ' ) Genus Pleurotomella Verrill 18727rGr . pleuron, side -;- diminutive of tome, a little cut. Outer lip has a fissure or notch at its poste- rior junction. Fem.) 98 Pyrgoc?/thara filosa Rehder (having ! threads; whorls with strong axial ribs ; and some spiral cords.) [ Pyrgocythara hemphilli Bartsch & Rehder j ( na me d for Henry Hemphill, collectorTT Glyphoturri s rugirima Pall (Lat, ruga, a| wrinkle -- rima, a slit, chink, Sculptu-* red with curved axial rihlets. Anterior i canal strongly constricted and slightly j eraarginate , ) Pleurotomella agassizi Verrill & Smith (named for Louis Jean R. Agassiz, a Swiss naturalist who taught at Harvard University, 1807-1873.) Pleurotomella agassizi mexicana Pall (Mexican; dredged from the Gulf of Mexi-j CO.) I Pleurotomella aperta Pall (open; apertu- | re very wide.) ' Pleurotomella atypha Bush (Gr, not puffedj up, without pride, modest; surface near-i ly smooth with little lustre.) ! Pleurotomella bairdi Verrill & Smith ( na-| med for Professor Spencer F. Baird, U.S., Fish Commissioner, 1835-1887.) \ Pleurotomella bruneri Verrill & Smith( na-i med for H.L. Bruner, a member of the U. ; S, Fish Commission.) j Pleurotomella catharinae Verrill & Smith j ( named for Katharine Jeannette Bush, I Assistant in Peabody Museum of Yale Uni-i versity, 1855-1937.) ; Pleurotomella chariessa aresta Pall ( Gr . j charieis, fem. chariessa: pleasing, gra-j ceful, lovely; aresta: agreeable.) [ Pleurotomella chariessa phalera Pall (ha-| ving a patch of v/hite. ) | Pleurotomella chariessa tellea Pall ( com-1 plete, perfect.! ! Pleurotomella corrida Pall (Spanish corrij- da: race, running. Run after ???) Pleurotomella dalli Bush (named for TVil- liam H. Pall, an eminent American mala- cologist, 1845-1927.) Pleurotom.ella emertoni Verrill & Smith (named for J, H, Emerton, zoological artist of the U, S. Fish Commission.) Pleurotomella filifera Pall (bearing threads; shell sculptured with numerous revolving threads.) Pleurotomella frielei Verrill (dedicated to Herman Friele of Bergen, naturalist of the Norwegian Peep-Sea Expedition on the Voringen.) Pleurotomella hadria Pall (Gr. thick, stout; shell stout and large, 27 mm.) Pleurotomella .jeffreysi Verrill (named v.. ' ..'1 ■1; g ' ) Genus Pleurotoine 11a Verrill 1872. "Ic'on- tinued. Fern.) ^ ' ) Genus Gymnobela Ver- rill 1884. (Gr. gyninos, naked -i-Bela, a synonym of Lora, a genus of the Turridae. Sinus is not well developed. Fern, ) a British na- 99 for John Gwynn Jeffreys, turalist, 1809-1885.) j Pleurotomella leucomata Pall ( Gr , any- ' thing whitened; shell more or less trans- lucent white, ) j Pleurotomella lineola Pall (little line;, threads , ) i spiral sculpture of Pleurotomella lottae slender Verrill (named for Miss Charlotte E. Bush.) Verrill (named fo i Pleurotomella packardl Dr, A, S. Packard.! i Pleurotomella packardi henedicti Verrill i & Smith (named in honor of J. S, Bene- ! diet, naturalist of the "Albatross'',) \ Pleurotomella packardi formosa Jeffreys j ("beautiful, handsome. ) | Pleurotom.ella leptalea Bush (delicate; j shell very thin and fragile, delicately '■ tinted with brown on postnuclear whorls.) Pleurotomella pandionis Verrill ( dredged j by the U. S. ?ish Commission Steamer i "Fish Hawk", whose name in Latin is j Pandion haliaeetus.) { Pleurotomella sandersoni Verrill (named | Sanderson SraithTJ fo pleurotomella stearina Ball (Gr, shell of stear, a grea- i tallow, suet; stearin; i sy translucent v/hite.) ! Pleurotomella sulcifera Bush (bearing i furrows, grooves, ) i Pleurotomella tincta Verrill (dyed, co- j lored.T~ I Pleurotomella vap:inata Pall (having a * sheath; anal sulcus deep and narrow.) Gymnobela blakeana Pall (named for the steamer "Blake",! Gymnobela blakeana agria Pall (wild, vage; epidermis rougher and darker, spire m.ore elevated, spiral threads much stronger than the preceding one.) Gymnobela brevis Verrill (short,) sa- Gymnobela curta Verrill (short . ) Gymnobela curta subangulata Verrill (so- mewhat angulated; the whorls are more angulated than in Gymnobela curta.) Gyranobela engonia Verrill (angular, for- ming an angleTT Gymnobela extensa Pall (extended; shell elongated. y Gymnobela grundifera Pall (bearing a ^ gutter; anal sulcus wide, somewhat deep.) Gymnobela illicita Pall (illicit, un law- ful.) Gymnobela imitator Pall (it imitates, re- sembles some other shell.) G:vmnobela lanceata Pall (spear-shaped; shell acuteTl Gymnobela tornata Verrill ( shaped on the ■•;. !. l-\V : i ' ) Genus Mitromorpha P.P. Carpenter 1865, {"Mitra, miter -i- morphe, shape, form. Shaped like a Mitra. Pern. ) j ' ) Genus Cythara Schu- macher 1817. "fsame as Citliara, an an- cient musical ins- triiment, Fern.) k ' ) Genus Taranis Jeff- reys 1870. ~r Jupiter for the Gauls .Masc.) ) Genus Philhertia Monterosato 1884. {From the proper name Philhert .Fem. ) 100 ; lathe. ) I Gymnobela tornata malmi Pall (named for j Malm, a naturalist.) j Gymnohela vitrea Verrill (vitreous, glas-| . sy.) j Mitromorpha biplicata Pall (two folds; j inner lip with two strong plications.) i Mitromorpha undulata Pall (wavy; suture undulate . ) Cythara halteata Reeve (with a he It, j "belted; shell white encircled with a j brown zone. ) i Cythara bartletti Pall (named for Comman-i der J. R. Bartlett, U. S. Navy, in com- ^ . mand of the "Blake", 1877-1880.) ! ^ Cythara c3rmella_Pall (a little wave; wa- i j vy; undulated; suture undulated by the i j ribs.) I j Cythara psila Bush (rubbed bare, naked.) | i Taranis cirratus Sru^none (curled, frin- j j ged, having ringletsTl I I Taranis cirratus tornatus Verrill ( turned! I on a lathe; spiral sculpture strong.) ^ i T ara n i s pu 1 c he 1 lu s JAerrJJil ( rather i. pretty.; fphilbertia extenuata Pall (weakened; spi-i I ral sculpture of faint obscure threads; j j base free from ribs.) ' i Philbertia perdecorata Pall ( very much decorated; shell strongly sculptured.) Philbertia perdecorata lionta Pall ( 1 e i o sj I smooth, as the sculpture is more feeble !. than in Philbertia perdecorata.) j Paphnella corbicula Pall (little basket; reticulated sculpture,)" I Paphnella elata Pall (elevated, raised; j shell elongated, narrow.) Paphnella epomis Pall (meaning unknown.) , Paphnella eugrammata Pall (v/ith nice let- ters or markings,") i m ' ) Genus Paphnella Hinds \ Paphnella lymneiformis Kiener ( reserablingj 1844, (From Paphne, \ a Lymnaea, a fresh water mollusk.) \ a nymph. Pem, ) j Paphnella pompholyx_Pall (a bubble; shell ! inflated, thin, polislied.) i Paphnella re ticulosa Pall (like a little i net; sculpture reticulated.) I Paphnella retif eraPall (carrying a net; j v/hole surface reticulated.) I Paphnella sag^ena Pall (Lat. a net; surfa- I ce reticulated.) I Paphnella calyx Pall (Lat. Gr. a husk, 1 shell, cup of a flower.) SUBCLASS 101 Daplmella hyperlissa Pall (very smooth; no strong threads on the periphery of the early v/horls, Daphnella liitiacina Pall (from Umax, li- mac-, a slug; shell smooth, glossy, e- longated.) Daphnella macgintyi Schwengel (named for Thomas L. McGinty, v/ho dredged it, 1907- .) OPISTHOB RAN CHI A (Gr. opisthen, tehind h- "branchia, gills. The breathing organs are situated hehind the heart.) A. 0RP5R OIICHIDIATA (Gr, oncos, a bend, curve, bulk, tumor; tubercle, according to Chenu, because the first species found was tubercular.) Family Onchidiidae. (Same etymology as above.) I Onchidella floridana Pall (Floridan; col- lected on the 'Vest Coast of Florida.) Veronicella floridana Binney ( Floridan . ) a ) Genus Onchidella Gray 1850. (Pimi - nutive of Onchidium. Fem. ) b ) Genus Veronicella Blainville 1817 . ^Piminutive of Ve- ronica, Veronica , the holy woman who wiped with a cloth I the face of Christ j when he was on his ' way to Calvary. Fem.) '- B. ORPER TBCTIBRAITCHIA (Lat. tectus, covered --- branchia, gills. Gills are covered, protec- ted by the mantle.) Also called ORPER PLEUROCOELA; (Gr. pleuron, si- de -I- coilon, a hollov/. Having gills on the sides in a special cavity.) I. SUPERFMIILY CBPHALASPIPEA (Gr. cephale, head -■- aspis, aspid-, a shield. Having a cephalic shield or hood. ) !• Family Acteonidae. ( "Montf ort, writes Pall, says nothing to conneclj his Acteon with the mythological proper name Actaeon." Just the same Acteon may have been suggested to Montfort by Actaeon, a huntsman, the grandson of Cadmus, or by actaeos, meaning on the shore or dv/elling on the coast.) ; Acteon cumingi A. Adams (named in honor I of Hugh Cuming, a famous English collec- ! tor, 1791-1865.) 1 Acteon candens Rehder ( glittering white ; a) Genus Acteon Mont- fcrt 1810, "(Masc.) is gl 0 s sy v;lii te , ) 102 shell Acteon danaida Pall (allusion to the Da- j naides \tIio, for the murder of their hus-j "bands, ".vere cond.emned to fill with wa- | ter perforated vessels. This shell looksi^ "as if it might have been pelted by a j shovirer cf little coins", \7rites Dall, Shell excessively punctate.) Acteon delicatus Pali (delicate, sraa 1 1 largest specimen measures 10,0 rem,) Acteon exilis Jeffreys ( sm al 1 , frail,) Acteon hehes Verri 11 (blunt; with a short spire .y Acteon incisus Dall (incised; suture very distinct, v/horls v/ith spiral grooves.) Acteon juvenis Dall (young; shell is slenj- derTT Acteon lacunatus Dall (having a ditch, pit; sculpture of channeled grooves,) Acteon liostracoides Dall (this shell re- sembles a Liostraca.l Acteon melampoides Dall (this shell looks lil-ce a Llelampus, ) Acte on nitidus Verrill (shining; white, translucent, glossyTJ Acteon parallelus Dall (parallel; shell "remarkable for its subcylindrical tur- rited whorls", writes Dall,) Acteon particolor Sail ( variegated;\7hite with three brovm spiral bands on the last whorl, ) Acteon perforatus Dall (perforated; has strong punctate grooves, with a deep umbilical perforation,) Acteon propior Dall (propius, being the neuter, is not correct; nearer; it re- sembles Acteon nitidus, but has a larger aperture, ) Acteon punctostriatus C, 3, Adams ( covered with dots; shell with revolving punctate striae or lines, Caileds Broken-line Ac- teon.) Acteon pusillus Forbes ( tiny , ) Acteon semicingulatus Dall (half girdled; surface spirally striated on the ante- rior half of the last v/horl,) I an American naturalist. b ) Genus Ovulac t aeon Dall 1889, fSuch is Dall's spelling. From the diininutive of ovum, egg -»-actaeon, that mythological hero, or actaeos, m.eaning dwelling on i the shore, lilasc.) Family Ringiculidae. (Lat, verb ringi, to show one's teeth. The co- lumella bears folds; the outer lip is toothed.) QyiLilactaeon meeki Dall (named for Field- ing B, Meek, 1817-1876,) Genus Ringicula Des- hayes 1853. fFem. ) 103 , Ringicula nitida Verrill (shining, glos- j sy.) , i Ringicula semi striata Orbigny (half stri-j ated; only the front of the last whorl \ has striae.) I Pamily Hydatinidae. (Gr, hydatis, a watery vesicle, a sac or hlad- der filled with fluid. Gr, adjective hydatinos: watery, wet; transparent like water. Common name: Y/ater Blister Shells,) a) Genus Micromelo Pi Is- i" hry 1894. rGr. micros, | Micromelo undatus Eruguiere (wavy; with small -- melo, melon,! transverse and axial lines.) Masc.) i. I Hydatina vesicaria Solander (bladder-likel b) Genus Hydatina Schu- i fofi-:.erly called Hydatina physis Linne 1 macher_1817."Tl'em,T I vrtiich "belongs to the Indo-Pacificl : Hydatina verrilli Pilshry (named for A, '. H3^att VerrillTT Pami ly D i apha n i d ae . (Gr, diaphanes, shining through. Shells trans- parent, thin, hyaline,) I Diaphana minuta Brown ( minute , ) Pi apha na debilis Gould (weak; shell thin I and brittle. Same as D, minuta,) ' Diaphana f loridana Pall (Ploridan.) Diaphana globosa Loven (globose, globe- shaped, ) Sam.e as D, minuta. i Diaphana hi emails Couthouy ( w i n t ry , c o 1 d ; i found from Llaine to Massachusetts, Same i as D. minuta,) ; Diaphana lottae Bush (Charlotte's; named I for Miss Charlotte E. Bush.) Pamily Bullidae. (Lat, bulla, a bubble; resembling a bubble of water. Common name: Bubble Shells.) I Bulla abyssicola Dall (dweller of the a- I byss; dredged in 640 fr.thor.s.) Bulla clausa Dall (closed; apex imperfo- rate. T" Bulla eburnea Dall ( ivorj'--v/hite , ) Bulla geinjua Verrill (a gem.) Bulla occidentalis A.Adajns (western.) Bulla solida Ginelin (solid; shell is so- lid.J" Bulla striata Bruguiere (striated; ends ! i^ are striated. ) I 6. Pamily Atydae . (Prom Atys, a proper name designating a king of Ly- i dia; a son of Hercules; a Phrygian youth beloved by Cybele,) Genus D iaphana Brown 1827, CFem,! Genus Bulla Linne 17587TFem7T^ ! Atys caribaeus Orbigny (Caribbean, ) a ) Genus Atys Montfort 1810, (Masc.) gny \ Atys sandersoni Dall (Sanderson' s; dedi- cated to Sanderson Smith of the U, S, Pish Commission.) Atys sharpi Vanatta ( Sharp ' s . ) b ) Genus Haminoea Tur- 1 0 n & Kingston 1850. (^robalDly derived from Gr, hama, to- gether, at the same time — noeo, to see, perceive . The animal heing incapable of retiring within its shell, mollusk and shell are seen at the same time. Pern.) 104 ; Haminoea antillariim Grhigny ( of the An- ! tilles, AntiileanTl i H a^Tiinoea antillarum guadalupensis Sowerby. T^^om Guadeloupe, French West Indies. ) j Haminoea elegans Gray ( e le g ant , ) ■ Haminoea glabra A.Adams (hairless, smootlrE shell is smooth, 1 : Haminoea petiti Orbigny (Petit' s; dedica-j ted to Sauveur Petit de la Saussaye, a j French naturalist, 1792-1870.) I Haminoea solitaria Say (solitary.) | Haminoea succinea Conrad ( amber-colored, )| '''• j'stmily Aceridae. (Gr, "a" privative, without — ceras, cerat-, j horn^ without horns or tentacles. Aceridae is Thiele's spelling, } Johnson "writes Akeridae, others Akeratidae, Aceratidae, According I to etymology Aceratidae or Alceratidae would be more logical.) I Genus Cylindrobu 11a Fischer 185 5, (Tat , cylindrus, cylinder — bulla, bubble, Pem, ) Gylindrobulla beaui Fischer (Beau's; na- i med for Conuaander Beau of the French Ha- 1 vy, a great conchologist. Died in 1859. )j 8, Family Retusidae. (Lat, retusus. Common names Blunt Shells,) having the end rounded or blunt. a) Genus Retusa Brown 1827. (FeraTl b ) Genus Pyrunculus Pilsbry 1894. ( Dimi- nutive of pyrum, a pear; a little pear. Formerly considered Retusa frielei Dall (dedicated to Herman Fi'iele of Bergen, Horway, a naturalist.) Retusa canaliculata Say (channeled? top of whorls is grooved. Form.erly listed as Acteocina canaliculata Say. ) OrbignyTc a nd e ' s ; name d for Retusa candei Ferdinand de Cande, a French naval offi- cer vrho collected shells in the ''Vest Indies. Liay be the same as Retusa cana- liculata Say .) (Formerly listed as Acteo- cina candei Orbigny. ) Retusa gouldi Couthouy (Gould's 5 named for Augustus A. Gould, M.D. , an American naturalist, 1805-1866.) Retusa mayoi Dall (iTayo's; named for the collector, Mr, Mayo.) Retusa nitidula Loven ( somewhat spruce , rather trim.) Retusa obtusa Montagu (obtuse, blunt.) Retusa obtusa turrita Moller ( tu r r e t e d ; it is the same as the preceding one,) Retusa pertenuis "Tighels (very thin, and fragile. The same as R. obtusa.) Retusa sulcata Orbigny (furrowed; with axial threads . ) i Pyrunculus caelatus Bush (chiseled, car- j ved? the upper end of the shell is scul- ; ptured with beautiful ribs v/hich fade i out on the body v;horl; the basal part I sculptured with a few punctate lines, j Formerly listed as Retusa caelata Bush.) • ■ -v only a subgenus of Retusa, Masc.) c ) Genus Khizo rus Mo nt- fort 1810. Tc-r. rhiz a root. Shaped like a root. Masc) (For- merly listed as Vol- vulella ITewton 1891 . ^Lat. volvere, to turn aDout, to roll. Volvulella is fern, Conmon name ;T/rapper Shells.) 105 j Py^unculus o"besiusculu s Brugnone ( r a t he r j more ohese, fatter, J" [Pyrunculus ovatus Jeffreys (ovate, egg- ' shaped.) jRhizorus acutus Orhigny (pointed, acute; a.i shaped like a spindle.) JRhizorus aspinosus Dall (without spine; I dome- like apexTl ' Rhizorus "bushi Sail ( Bu sh ' s . ) jRhizorus minutus Bush (minute; is proba- i iDly a young specimen of Rhizorus acutus.)! Rhizorus morchi Dall (named for Otto An- I drea3"L. Mcrch, "a naturalist, 1828-1878 .)j Rhizorus oxytatus Bush (Gr, very sharp; . Vv'ith a sharp spike-like apex.) i 9. Faanily Scaphandridae . (Gr, scaphe, 'bov/l, anything hollowed, dug out boat -- aner, andr-, a man; boatman.) I Scaphander nobilis Verrill (noble , ) I Scaphander punctostriatus Mighels ( cover - ' ed with punctate striae. 1 Scaphander watsoni Dall (named in honor of^R. Eoog-Watson, of the "Challenger" . report.) Scaphander bathymophilus Dall (lover of ■ the depths; 'dredged from 294 to 1568 :_ fathoms, ) lO.Family Acteocinidae. (Diminutive of Acteon, Little Acteons.) Genus Scaphand e r Montfort ISloTTlJIasc) Kiener ( inf]a ted; shell a ) Genus Acteocina Gray 1847. (PemT) b ) Genus Cylichna Loven 184_6. (Gr. cylichne, a sma,ll cup; a medi- cine-box, says Jef- freys. Common name: Cup Shells. ?em. ) i Acteocina bull at: i cylindricalTl ! Acteocina recta Orbigny (straight; I straight line Acteocina.) ' Acteocina eburnea Verrill (ivory. ) j Acteocina perplicata Dall (much plaited; i_ marked with lines of growth and spirals.) i Cylichi:a alba Brown (white; shell of a i dull white color,")" ' Cylichna alba corticata Beck (corticated; heaving an outer covering or periostra- cum, ) Cylichna eburnea Verrill (ivory; ivory- v;hi t e7y Cylichna occulta Mighels (hidden; spire is concealed,") Cylichna gouldi Couthouy (named for Au- "gustus a'T Gould, M.D., an Araerican na- turalist, 1805-1866.) I Cylichna verrilli Dall (named for Profes-j sor Addison E. Verrill of Yale Univer- ; sity, 1839-1927.) Cylichna vortex Dall (gulf, abyss,; apical \7horl sunk in a shallow pit formed by the two successive whorls,) c ) Genus Cyli chnella Gabb 1872,T5"iminu- tive of cylichna, a very little cup, Conunon name: Little Cup Shells, :Fein, ) 106 Gylichnfella bidentata Orbigny (two-tooth-! ed; has -b^o folds on the columella.) ; Cylichnella oryza Totten (Lat, rice.Shellj small, white, shining, like a grain of rice. Conmon name: Rice Cup.) 11, Family Philinidae, (Probably from le Philin, name arbitrarily gi- ven by Adanson in 1757, Also a proper name: Philine, the mother of Theocritus. ) Philine amabilis_ Verrill ( 1 o ve ly ; she 1 1 shining, iridescent," diaphanous, deli- cate . ) Philine angulata Jeffreys (angular 5 the upper part of the body v/horl is angula- 1 ted or margined by a sharp keel.) I Philine cingulata G.O.Sars (girdled.) I Philine finmarchia M. Sars (from ?inmark,( iTor^/vay.) i Philine fragilis G.O.Sars ( f r a gi 1 e . ) I Philine infundibulum Call ( a neuter noun j meaning a funnel; funnel-like.) Philine lim-a Brown (file; file-like.) I Philine lucida Pall (bright, transparent she 11 translucent . ) Philine planata Pall (flattened, flat.) Philine quadrata Wood (square; shell squarely globose. ) Philine sagra Orbigny (named for Ramon de la Sagra, director of the Botanical Garden at Havana, Cuba.) Philine scabra Ivluller (rough with rows of minute dots.) Philine sinuata Stimpson ( sinuate, wavy. ) Philine tincta VerrillTdy ed, colored; shell tinged with smoky brown.) 12, Family Gastropteridae. (Gr. gaster, gastr-, stomach -- pteron, a v/ing. At first these shells ?/ere supposed to be Pteropods.) Genus Philine Asca- nius 1772. (Pem, ) scratched, Genus Gastr o pteron Kosse _18137rNeuter . ) Gastropteron rubrum Rafinesque ( red. ) II. SUPERFAI'-JILY APLYSIACEA (Aplysia in Greek means filthiness. Latin aplysiae refers to a sponge, so named on account of its dirty gray color. Formerly these shells were considered poisonous. They live among sea-weeds. Common name: Sea Pigeons or Sea Hares.) 1 . Family Aplysiidae. ( Same etymology as above . ) I Aplysia dactylomela aequorea Heilprin I "(Gr, dactylos, finger — melos, limb; i aequorea, of the sea, maritime. Tentac- les are cylindrical, slit at the extre- m.ityj the shell is found in shallov/ water.) •^'-^ ■':::.-x.^ 107 Aplysia cervina Pall (Lat, i s gray cervus, deerj ; with scattered a) Genus 1767 ly known Aplysia Linne iFem, ) Fo rnie r - of the deer; body i round smoky brovm spots.) I Aplysia floridensis Pilsbry (from I'lorid^ I Aplysia parvula ! small. ) as Tetliys Linne 1758, now con- sidered a nudibranch genus, ) b ) Genus Bur sate 11a Blainville 1817. Ta little purse. Fern,) Formerly known as Motarchus Cuvier 1817;sv;ollen in the middle; which was masculine. ) "TGuilding) Morch (rather I I ' Aplysia protea Rang ( variable ; from Pro- , ! teus, a sea deity in mythology with pow-j ! er to assume any shape he wanted. Shell I varies greatly in color: greenish in , '■ water, yellowish or golden outside.) j i Aplysia willcoxi Heilprin (Willcox' ) ■ Aplysia willcoxi perviridis Filsbry ( com-' i letely greenT) i Aplysia badistes Filsbry (Gr, a walker, i i one that goes on footTj | Eursatella leachi plei Rang (named for the v.-ell knov;n English rnalacologist Leachi and for a Mr. Flee, collector in the 7est Indies, ten pleei.) Should have been v;rit- Family Fleurobranchidae, (Gr, pleuron, side — branchia, gills. Branchiae are on the side of the body.) a ) Genus Fleurobranchus Fleurobranchus amarillius Ilattox ( Spani sh amarillo, yellow? yellov;ish| color is ^ ^__ a uniform bright yellowish-orange.) Cuvier 1804^ ["Mas c 71 'Fleurobranchus atlanticus Abbott (Atlan- \ tie? from Biscayne Bay, Florida.) ^Fleurobranchus lacteus Pall (mil2cy; ani- 1 mal and shell rr.ilky v/hite.) b) Genus Fleurobranchaea i Fleurobranchaea tarda Verrill (slow.) Leue 1815. rFemTT ' c ) Genus Gymnotoplax i Filsbry 189 6. ( Gr . j gymnos, naked ->- no- i Gymnotoplax americana Verrill (American.) tos, the back -- plax,! a plate, Fem. ) d ) Genus Koonsia Verrill r 1882^ ("Dedicated to JKoonsia obesa Verrill (fat| B. F, Koons, of the uj stout, broad, with a large S. Fish Commission in 1880-1881. Fem.) body large, swollen back.) III. SIJFERFAKILY FYRAMID3LLACBA (Diminutive of Lat. pyramis, pyramid-, a pyramid. Little pyramids. This superf amily seems to be closely allied to the Tectibranchia. ) 1. Family FyrojiTidellidae. (Same etymology as above.) ■ ' 'f ■ ,-> 'Phasianema' naticoides Pall ( shaped like I a llatica.y 108 ^) Genus Phasianema Wood " 1842. (Lat. & Gr, phasianus, a phea- sant -I- nema, thread. Neuter. ) ( Formerly- listed as Clathrella Recluz 1865; dirainu- | tive of Lat, clathri, i lattice, trellis|v/as I feminine.) '.. Td) Genus Triptychus Moitih- 1875. (Gr. consisting ' of three plates or 'Triptychus niveus Morch ( snov/y, white.) layers, threefold, i Masc.) ■ c ) Genus Py_ramid g 1 la Laimrck 1799. (Tern.) p. ,, ramidella dolabrata Linne (mattock- shaped, pick-axe shaped. ) iPyramidella Candida Morch (-Lvhitej shell I pure v;-hite.l jpyramidella crenulata Holmes (crenulated; t suture and m£:,rgin crenulate, finely i notched.) jpyramidelia chariessa Verrill ( Gr , char i - I essa, fern, of charieis, graceful, lovely ' shell small, delicate, translucent • whi te . ) Pyx-ami del la crassula Porhes (rather thick. ) Pyramidella lissa Verrill (smoothf shell polished, 30i:iewl:iat lustrous.) Pyramidella lucida Verrill (brilliant; remarkable for its smoothness and bril- liant polish.) |pyramidella nitida Verrill (shining; j shell smooth, polished. J jpyramidella unifasciata Porbes (v/ith a I single bandTT i ! Pyramidella ventricosa Porbes (swollen in| i the middle I whorls are v«rell rounded with ! deep sutures.) jpyramidella bartschi Winkley (named for ! Dr. Paul Bartsch," former curator of 1 mollusks, National Museum, Washington, I D.C., 1871- .) iPyrarnidella camara Pall (Gr. anything {""■//ith a vaulted roof or arched covering.) jpyramidella caloosaensis Pall (from Ca- [ j loosahatchie, Florida. ) j 'Pyramidella fernandina Pall (off Pern an- i ! dina, Florida, ) ' ! Pyramidella floridana Pall ( F 1 o r i dan . ) ; iPyrarnidella georgi ana Pall (off Georgia.)! jpyramidella fuse a C. 33. Mams (dark, dusky; \ i epidermis violet brown.) : Pyramidella producta C.B.Adams (stretched i out, lengthened; shell elongate-conic; ' spire about three-fourths of the length d) e) ► Genus Sayella Pall 1885. (Named after Thomas Say, a dist>- inguished American naturalist, 1787- 1834, According to J.P.E.Morri son, Sa- yella Toelongs to the Pyramidellidae, Pern, ) Genus Peris t i chia Da 11 _18 8 9 . for . p e r i , around — stichos, rov/, line. Beaded spiral structure. Fern, ) 109 of the shell.) Pyramidella smithi Verrill (named for Sanderson I. Smith, co-author with Ver- rill of several TdooIcs on Mollusca,) Pyramidella winkleyi Bartsch (named for I Rev," H. ¥, Winkley, collector.) ! Pyramidella resticula Dall (Lat, a small I rope, a cord; shell thin, coiled, pulled '; out and closely wound like a "stranded" 1. rope, writes Dall.) ! Sayella chesapeakea J. P. E.Morrison (Ches- apeake Bay; collected at Broome's Is- I land, Maryland. ) ! Sayella crosseana Dall (named for Joseph j Charles Hippolyte Crosse, a French natu-! ralist, 1826-1898.) j Sayella hemphilli Dall (named for Henry Hemphill, an American conchologist . ) Sayella livida (Dall) Rehder (livid; co- lor straw-yellow. ) I Sayella watlingsi J. P. E.Morrison (type i collected at Watling's Island in the '.. Bahamas,) ' Peristichia agria Dall (wild, savage, i living in the fields; this mollusk lives I on grassy bottom.) i Peristichia toreta Dall (Latin toreuta 1 means an embosser, engraver; hence ela- ' borate, worked in relief. Extremely ele- i gant shell v/ith nodulated spirals.) f ) Genus Odostomia Fle- ming 1815. Tcr.odous, tooth — stoma, mouth. Columella with a Odostomia acutidens Dall (with sharp tooth; v/ith a sharp-edged tooth or plait on the columella,) Odostomia cancellata Orbigny ( cancellatecj trellis-like . ) Odostomia conoidea Brocchi (shaped like a cone . ) I Odostomia dealbata Stimpson (v/hitened; shell whiteTl Odostomia disparilis Verrill ( different ; shell quite unlike any of those hither- to described, writes Verrill; remarkable for the very sudden change in sculpture wwiLtiucj-j-cL VVJ.U11 a, I on the penultimate whorl.) tooth-like fold.Fem^ i Odostomia engonia Bush (angular, forming an angle. y~ Odostomia teres Bush ( long, round and somewhat smoothTT Odostomia tornata Verrill ( shaped on the lathe; "remarkable for the size and depth of the two revolving furrows", writes Verrill.) Odostomia gibbosa Bush ( hump-backe d ; fat . ) Odostomia modesta Stim-pson (modest; shell small, length 3.2 mm.; Odostomia unidentata (Montagu) Fleming , I . -■■ ' ",' 110 ; (with a single tooth.) | Odostomia beauforti Jacot (from Piver's Island, Beaufort, North Carolina.) ; Odostomia Tpisuturalis Say (with a double \ suture? "a distinct line revolves just I "before the suture, giving the appearance! of a double suture" .Gould & Binney.) ; Odostomia bisuturalis ovilensis Bartsch j ovilensis, of sheep; found at Sheepscotf River, Maine.) i Odostomia bruneri Verrill (named for H. \ L. Bruner, assistant in the conchologi- j cal work of the U. S. Fish Comr.iission '; (1881). Odostomia f ) Q^nu s__Odo st 0 mi_a .Fle- ming 1815. TContinued; FemTT' impressa Say ( impressedjwhorls ; v/ith acute, impressed, revolving lines.)' Odostomia sulcosa Mighels (furrowed; j v/horls covered with many revolving j grooves.) | Odostomia trifida Totten (three-forked; | v/h'orls crossed'by three deeply incised • spiral grooves.) ' Odostomia trifida bedeguensis Bartsch I "tfi-oru Sedeque, Prince Edward Island, Ca-' nada, ) ; Odostomia fernandina Pall (off Fernandi- ; na, Florida.) ! Odostomia pocahontasae^ Henderson & Bartsct; ~l"named in honor of Pocahontas, daughter | of Pov/hatan, an Indian chief of Virgini^ 1595-1617.) ; Odostomia ryalea Pall (ma;>'-be fror^ Old | English ryal, roj'-al.) i Odostomia ryclea Pall (meaning unknown.) ! Odostomia Henderson & Lartsch from Virginia? from Chincoteague Island,] Virginia.) | Odostomia katherinae ".-'inkley (named for j Dr. Katharine Jeannette Bush, Assistant | in Peabody Museum of Yale University, j 1855-1937.) I Odostomia winkle^^i Bartsch (named for Revj K. ffV TYinkley, collector.) | Odostomia bushiana Bartsch (naned for Ka- " tharine J. Bush, Assistant in Peabody Museum of Yale University, 1855-1937.) Odostomia seminuda C.B.Adams (ha If -nude; ' hklf-sinooth; "the folds terminate abruptj ly on the middle of the lov/er v/horl,'' v/rite Gould & Binney.) Odostomia \7illisi Bartsch (named for Mr. j ^:7illis who collected it at Prince Edward I s land , C an ada , ) Odostomia toyatani Henderson and Bartsch ] TToyatan's.) ' Odostomia hendersoni John B. Henderson, gist and Regent of titution, 1870-1923.) Bartsch [nejaed for \ an American !;ialacolo-j the Smithsonian Ins- I g ) G-enus .Ainaura Moller 1842. (Gr, amauros, dark, Fem, ) May he only a subgenus of Odostomia, 111 Amaura Candida Moller (white.) Turbonilla nivea Stimpson ( s n o\vy - wh i t e . ) j Turbonilia stricta "'.'''errill (pressed to- gether, narrov/; very acute.) j Turbonilla aequalis Say (equal, even; i "whorls ten, "each with about tv/enty-f ourj trarB verse elevated equal lines, with i grooves of the same diameter. "Verrill. ) i Turhonilla belotheca Pall (Gr. a quiver, ' a case for arrows; shell like polished I ivory. ) Turhonilla hushiana Verrill (named for I Assistant in j 1855-! Katharine Jeannette Bush, Peahody Museum of Yale University, 1937.) Turbonilla hushiana abyssicola Eartsch (dAveller of the abyss; found in 1290- 1537 fathoms.) Turbonilla curta Pall (short; length 8.3 mm.; width 2.75 ram,; unusually short for its breadth,) Turbonilla dalli Bush h) Genus so Ris- Tur b onilla "Cpiminutive of Lat whirl, rem. ) 1826. turbo, a spinning top. H. Pall, gist, 1845-1927,) Turbonilla electra (named for 'Yilliam an eminent American malacolo- Pall (Lat. shell Gr , any- bluish & Smith (hand-i thing bright, beaming; white, semitranslucent. ) Turbonilla enna Pall (maybe Gr, ennea, enna used in forming compounds: nine; the shell has nine postnuclear whorls.) Turbonilla exilis C.B.Adams (thin; shell very slender. ) Turbonilla formosa Verrill some. It is the same as T. bushiana.) Turbonilla grandis Verrill ( large , ) ! Turbonilla haycocki Pall & Bartgch (namedj for Mr, Arthur Faycock of Bermuda.) i Turbonilla hemphilli Bush (named for j Henry Hemphill, a conchologist , ) Turbonilla idothea Pall (Gr, Eidothea, j a sea-goddess, daughter of Proteus.) j Turbonilla leta Pall (probably from Lat. ] laetus, joyful, well fed, handsome.) I Turbonilla louisae Clarke (named in honoij of Mrs, Arthur II. Clarke Jr. (Louise R. Clarke, ) Turbonilla nonica Pall (maybe from nonus, nona, nine. J" Turbonilla myia .PMl (^r. a fly.) Turbonilla nemea Pall( maybe from nema, a thread, with threads, as the whorls are marked by very strong axial ribs, fine incremental lines and spiral striations.) Turbonilla peilei Pall_&_Bartsch ( named t ■ 112 for Major Peile, Royal Artillery, Ber- muda, ) Turbo nj^lla_gg.^.le pi ^Q' Verrill (very gra- ceful, elegant.) Tur;boni 1 la_^usi 1 la C . B . Adam s (very small; shell slender; length .135 inch.) Turbonilla_£i[ri23a_Dall (Gr. Pyrrha, daughter of Epimetheus and Pandora, wi- fe of Deucalion; also pyrrhos, pyrrha, ] yellowish-red, reddish. The shell, how- ■ ever, is milk white.) ; Turbonilla rhea Ball (Gr. Rliea, wife of j Saturn and mother of Jupiter.) i I Turbonilla sirena Pall (Lat, a Siren, a | j sea nymDh . ) ; Turbonilla theona Ball (Gr. Theonoe, j ! daughter of Proteus, like Eidothea.) ! i Turbonilla virgata Ball (Lat. striped; j 1 made of tv/igs; shell, with numerous I j slender oblique ribs.) i Turbonilla anira Ball ( Gr. "an" privati- 1 ve, Y/ithout — Ira, a proper name, Ira ( was not there when the shell was found; I or ira, Lat. word meaning anger; without! h) Genus Turbonilla Ris- so lOSo.T^Jontinued. anger.) Turbonilla areolata yerrill (Lat. areola, j "small open place," a"f lower-bed, a par- I terre; crov/ded costae and spiral lines j produce a closely cancellated appearan- I ce; rows of strong pits.) j Turbonyjj^"bu^eonis_]3artsch (Lat, buteo, T3Uteonis,a. kind "of hav;k, a buzzard. Col- I lected around Buzzards Bay, Liass.) I Turb on i 1 1 a__c a s c o e n s i s B ar t s ch (from Casco YiaineTT Tu2rbonilla_c_ojiradi J3ush (named for Timo- thy A. Conrad, an American conchologist, 1804-1877.) Turbonilla __cqnoma Ball (maybe "named in "conjunction with another".) Turboni 11a edwardensi s_Bart sch( from Prin-! ce Edward Island, CanadaTT Turboni 11a e le gantula_Verri 11 (rather e- legant. ) Turbonilla elegantula brandf ordensis Bartsch"T^roni Brandf ord, Connecticut.) Turhonllla^merto_ni_Verr (named for i James Henry Emerton, zoological artist j i of the U. S. Fish Coriimission, 1847-1930 . )| i Turbonilla hecuba Ball & Bartsch (Hecuba,| j the wife of Priajn, king of Troy.) j i Turbonilla incisa Bush (incised; "with j I spiral incised lines in the intercostal i I spaces and on the base", v/rites Bush.) ^ Turbonilla incisa constricta_Bush ( con- ' tracted; the shell is abruptly contrac- ! ted, flattened in the 6th & 7th whorls.) I TurbonaJ.la_interru£ta^Totten (interrupt- ■ ed; the revolving lines are interrupted h) Genus Turbonilla Ris- so 1826,IUontinued., Pern. ) 113 . ; "by the ribs. Striae sometimes vanish in j I some specimens.) j I Turhonilla fulvocincta Jeffreys (girdled \ I with 'a ta:nny' color? shell delicately j I hrown handed, ) j i Turhonilla kurtzi Mazyck (named for J. D.j 1 Kurtz, an American conchologist, ) i I Turbonilla laevis C.B. Adams ( smooth. ) j ' Turbonilla mighelsi Bartsch fnamed for i Jesse Wedgwood Mighels, 1795-1861.) | Turbonilla mdona Pall (Gr. melon, compa- i : rative of micros, smaller; length 4.2 nm) I IHI^Q ^illgi-^^^ t i c 0 s t g ta C.B. Adam s (vrith | 1 many ribs; extremely numerous ribs.) | Turbonilla obeliscus C.B.Adams (obelisk; ; shell slender, much elongated.) j Turbonilla pocahontasae Henderson and ! BartschTnam.ed for Pocahontas, Virginianj Indian Princess, 1595-1617.) j Turbonilla powhatani Henderson & Bartsch | (named for Powhatan, an Indian chief of ' Virginia, father of Pocahontas.) Turbonilla protract a Pall (prolonged; with six or more postnuclear whorls.) Turbonilla puncta C,3.Ad.ans ( pr i eked , wi th pilnctures; interspaces wide and deep, resembling a series of punctures.) Turbonilla punicea Pall (Lat. purple -red; "shell is tinted' with a clear claret- brown.) i Turbonilla rathbuni Verrill & Smith ( na- I raed after R. Sathbun of the U. S. Pish I Commission.) i Turb onilla reticulata C.B.Adams (reticu- late; the shell has a reticulated appea- rance. ) Turbonilla stimpsoni Bush (named for William' Stimpson, an American zoologist, 1832-1872, who found it.) ; Turbonilla subulata C.B.Adams ( avrl- shaped shell much elongated and pointed.) Turbonilla sumneri Bartsch ( Suiiiner ' s . ) Turbonilla text i lis "(Kurtz) Bush ( wove n ; v/horls have prominent ribbing; shell of a dull lustre , ) Turbonilla toyatani Henderso n' & Bartsch (Toy at an' s; a proper name. J Turbonilla unilirata Bush (-with a single furrow. y Turbonilla viridaria Pall (Lat, a planta- tion of trees, a pleasure-garden; this shell is found among the sea-grass.) {Turbonilla verrilli Bartsch (nam.ed for I Addison E. Verrill of Yale University, i an eminent Aiiierican zoologist, 1839-1927.) JTurbonilla vineae Bartsch (of the vine- i yard; from Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts,! ■Turbonilla virga Pall (Lat. a slender i green branch; shell greenish except on 114 I jthe columella which is claxet color.) ; i Tn-phnnilla virginica Henderson & Bartsch i '"ffound in Chincoteague Island, Virginia. )| Tii-rhrmi_]^Ta. whiteavesi Bartsch (named for | ~Dr. Joseph Frederick ^'/hiteaves, distin- I guished Palaeontologist of the Canadian Geological Survey, 1835-1909.) Turbonilla winkleyi Bartach (nam-ed for Rev. H. ^. 'Yinkley, collector.) Turbonilla winkleyi senilis Bartsch (old;j axial ribs are as a rule enfeeoled on i last two whorls; the spiral sculpture is also irregular.) Turhonilla hermudensis Pall & Bartsch "Tf rom Bermuda".! Turbonilla stylifomis_Morch (resembling a style, pin| shell minute, slender, thin with no ribs.) Turbonilla Jies£era^D^all (Gr. evening; western. ) Twrbonilla me lea Call (meleos: useless, | miserable; or melea, of the apple kind.), Turbonilla polita Verrill (polished; ! i shell smooth and glossy. ) ! Turbonilla cedrosa Pall (pertaining to ' cedar; found in Cedar Keys, Florida.) Turbonilla striatula Couthouy ( somewhat striated; with faint vertical lines. Some conchologists call this species Couthouyella, after Joseph Pitty Cou- thouy, an American naturalist, 1808-1864,) 2» family Aclididae. (Lat, aclis, aclid-, a javelin.) & Bartsch (collec-| a) Genus 1846. FemTT Aclis Loven (a javelin. 'J A.clis bermudensis Pall ted in Bermuda. ) Aclis carolinensis Bartsch (dredged east- southeast of Hatteras, Forth Carolina,) Aclis conula Pall (little cone; conical; length 3.7 mna, ) Aclis cubana Bartsch (Cuban.) Aclis dalli Bartsch (named for ^7illiam H.. Pall, an eminent American malacologist, 1845-1927.) Aclis egregia Pall (remarkable; "very large for a true Aclis", writes Pall.) Aclis fernandinae Pall (off Fernandina, Florida. ) Aclis georgiana Pall (off Georgia.) A^clis floridana Bartsch (from the Florida Straits, Fowey Rocks . ) Aclis hendersoni Pall (named for John i Brooks Henderson, an American malacolo- j gist and Regent of the Smithsonian Ins- I titution, 1870-1923.) i Aclis hypergonia Schwengel & KcGinty I Gr . ! hyper, over, above -f- gonia, angle; the ' whorls are angular above. Strong cari- ; nation of the shoulder.) 115 Aclis lata Pall (wide; "shell proportion- ally wider and with a wider tirahilicus than supranitida, " writes Ball.) j Aclis limata Pall (file- like; sculpture j of very fine close lines.) ; Aclis nucleata Pall (with a special nu- \ cleils; nucleus iiiiinersed, oblique, much ! larger than in egregi a, writes Pall. Apex hlunt.) 1 Aclis pendata Pall (maybe hanging, being suspended??! Aclis pyrajnida Pall (pyramid; shell short' conic, apex blunt.) Aclis rhyssa Pall (Gr, wrinkled; sculptu-: red with sharp v/rinkles; constricted suture . ) Aclis rushi Bairbsch (dredged by Pr. 7. H. Rush, lT.S.Nav3^ off I'owey Rocks, Florida.) Aclis stilifera Pall (pointed; conic.) Aclis striata Verrill (striated.) ' Aclis "tenuis Verrill (thin, delicate; : shell very slender, length 3.8 mm.) j Aclis verrilli Bartsch (named for Profes-j sor Addison E. Verrill of Yale Universi-i ty, 1839-1927.) ! Aclis \yalleri Jeffreys (named for Edward Waller, a conchologist . ) Aclis immaculata Pall (stainless; white, polished. ) b ) Genus S tilbe J eff rqys 1884. TGr. stilbe, the sheen of a bright or polished surface. Splendor, writes Jef-! freys, Fem. ) ' Stilbe acuta Jeffreys (pointed, acute; stiletto- shapedTT 3. Family Eulimidae. (Lat. well polished, filed.) Also known as Pamilyj Melanellidae . "TGr . melas, melan-, black. These shells are covered , with a dark, blackish periostracum, ) j I'Eulima albida Pall (v;hitish; the shell isi I white. In Pall's Small Shells from Pred-i i gings by Albatross in 1885-86, the spe- i ! cific name is abida; obviously a typo- ! i graphical error, as abida has no meaning I and albida fits the shell very well.) I Eulima anachorea Pall ( h e rm i t , ) jEulima" arcuata C.B.Adams (shaped like a irregularly bent. j bow, arcuate; spire [ the outer lip slightly convexly arcuate) ' Eulima callistemma Pall ( Gr . calos , calli •?! ; very beautiful ->- stemma, a garland, | , wreath.) j JBulima caroli Pall (Carol's, diaries'; ] I found from fJorth Carolina to the West ; ' Indies. ) Eulima cinca Pall (Spanish cinco, five; '■ only five specimens were found,) | i a ) Genus Eulima Risso 1826. Also called ^ Uli s Me lane 11a Bow- dich" ia22".Twell pol- ished or little black shells. Fern.) h ) Genus Liostraca H. & A. Adams 185 5 . Al s o called Leiostraca. (Gr. leios, smooth -<- ostracon, shell. Smooth shell. Fern.) & Stimpson ( c o ne - 116 ' Eulima conoidea Kurtz ' shaped, conicalTJ Eulima corrida T)all { Spanish, race, run- | ' ning; run after??y | i Eu3.ima_ elongata Bucquoy, Dollfuss & Daut-{ I zenberg ( elongatedTT j ■Eulima fernandinae Dall (off Fernandina, j i Florida'."!" ; I Eulima gibba De Folin (hump; humped, con-j I "vexTJ i Eulima gracilis C.B.Adams { slender, thin. )j ! Eulima intermedia Contraine ( i n t e rrae d i a- I i tei intermediate between polita and dis-^ I torta, v/rites Jeffreys. Also called Eu- i ' lima oleacea Kurtz & Stimpson ( of the j I olive tree, oily; shell is smooth, pol- j i ished, white, sometimes v/ith brov/nish ' I bands , ) I Eulima ira Dall (probably the proper na- ' j me Ira; or Lat. ira, anger.) | I Eulima jamaicensis C.B.Adams (from Jamai-! ca, British V/est Indies. Eulima ophiodon Dall ( Gr \ snake tooth; shell slender, evenly arcuate.) ' Eulima__parallel^a Dall (parallel . ) i Eulima patula Dall & Stimpson ( g ap i n g ; ' aperture large; "the anterior part of j the aperture very patulous". Dall) ; Eulima penna Dall (Lat. pennus, pointed; shell is conical.) Eulima perversa Bush way; distorter 177 (turned the wrong Eulima stamina Dall (thread, fiber.) Eulima steno stoma Jeffreys (Gr, stenos, i narrow -'- stoma, mouth; having a narrow i mouth.) ; Eulima subcarinata Orbigny ( somewhat j keel-shaped; last whorl not very well i carinated.) '; Eulima versa Dall (past participle of vertere, turned.) Liostraca acuta Sowerby (acute, ending I in a sharp point; shell elongated.) j l3X)straca acuta bifasciata Orbigny (with | two band's. ) t Liostraca bilineata _Alder ( tw o - 1 i ne d ; i w"ith a pair of ioands in center of whorl.); Liostraca elata bands in center Dall (high.) (Lat. noun meaning spTn die- shaped; shell very Liostraca fusus Dall a spindle; acute at both extremities.) Liostraca hemphilli Dall (named for Hen- ry Hemphill, a conchologist . ) Liostraca rectiuscula Dall ( somewhat straighter; the sides of the spire are straight and form an uninterrupted cone,)i Liostraca schwengelae Bartsch ( named for I Dr. Jeanne 3. S'chv/engelTl j c) Genus Mso Risso (Niso , 1826, (Niso, one of the fifty Nereids, writes Risso, Fern.) 117 ; ITiso hendersoni Bartsch (named for John j Brooks Henderson, an American malacolo- , gist and Regent of the Smithsonian Ins- ! titution, 1870-1923.) j Mso interrupta Sowerby (inter rupted; j with continuity Toroken; each whorl is i defined by a reddish-brown line,) ; Niso interrupta aeglees Bush ( Gr , gl i 1 1 e i|- ing; shell semi-transparent, smooth, • shining; brown more or less suffused i with purple; brown band; no white bands,)! ITiso interrupta tricolor Pall (three- ; brown with brown band be- : ■ colored; pale tween two v/hite bands at Niso microforis Dall (v/ith a limbilicus minute, "This has umbilicus than any other figured cies," v/rites Dall,) IsTiso splendidula Sowerby (bright, splen- did; this is a magnificent shell; color a. handsome yellow brown with white the periphery,)! small door; ^ a smaller - s-oe- ' I I a ) Genus Stilif er Br o - derip 1852 , T^a s c 7T :_ bands; highly polished,) 4. Family Stilif eridae, (Lat. stilus, anything long and pointed like ' a post, a style -•- fero, to carry. Style-like apex. Apex is sharp} Stilifer curtus Verrill ( shortened, short ;j shell broader than high; with a very i low spire.) i Stilifer minimus Dall (very small; lengthl 3 ram. ) Stilifer minutus Dall (minute; smaller than minimus; length 2 mm.) \ Stilifer stimpsoni Verrill ( named in ho- I nor of ''/illi.am Stirapson, an American zoologist, 1832-1872.) Stilifer verrilli Dall (named for Addisor Emery Verrill, professor of Zoology in Yale University, 1839-1927.) Mucronalia bulimuloides Dall (res emb ling a Bulimulus or Lymnaea; "shell much the j shape of a slender Bulimulus or Lymnaea'' writes Dall. ) Mucronalia mammillata Dall ( rounded like i a nipple; with a minute subcylindrical initial whorl.) : Mucronalia sua-"-a Dall (pleas an t, deli ght -I ful, soft; transition from mucro to I v;horls less abrupt than in M. mammillata) b ) Genus Mucronalia A. Adams 1860 . (Lat.mu - cro, raucronis, a sharp point. Fern. ] I C. ORDER PTEROPODA ! ! ! (Gr. pteron, a feather, v/ing -<- pous, podos, foot. So named because t the anterior lobes of the foot are developed in the form of winglike j organs. 7/ing-f ooted. ) I SUBORDER THECGSG^IATA (Gr, theca, a case, box -(- soma, somat-, iDody, Species having a shell,) Genus Spiratella Blainville_1817. Formerly listed as Genus Limacina Cuvier 1817. fFemTT 118 I. SUPERFMtlLY EUTHECOSOI^tATA (Gr. eu, well -*- theca, a case, box -i- soma, somat-, body.) 1, Family Spiratellidae. (Diminutive of spira, anything wound, rolled ' round, coil, spire.) Also known as Family Limacinidae. (Lat, lima^^ limac-, a slug, snail.) Spiratella bulimoides Orbigny (resembling; the Bulimus, a land snail. )(Bulimus, j according to Dr. Paul Fischer (Manuel dej Conchyliologie) , is a typographical er- ■ ror for Bulinus, le Bulin of Adanson.) j Spiratella helicina Phipps (spiral, hel-j icid; has n-iany v/horis on its spire.) Spiratella helicoides Jeffreys (resembl- ; ing a Helix, a land snail; helix means | a spiral. Shell with a depressed but not flattened spire; columella twisted in a spiral.) j Spiratella lesueuri Orbigny (named for i Charles aV Lesueur, a French ichthyolo- ! gist and conchologist, 1778-1846.) j Spiratella retroversa Fleming ( turned or bent bacl. ' ■ ' ■ . )- 121 Genus Anopsia Gistel 1848. Also called Halopsyche Bronn 1862. ^ „ ("Gr, hals, halos, sea roundedTj -:- Psyche, the mis- i tress of Cupid, Pern. ) L Anopsia globulosa Rang; (globular. Body D. ORDER SACOGLOSSA ! j (Gr. sacos, a shield -i- glossa, a tongue. Shells without "branchiae.) j 1. Family Stiligeridae. (Lat, stilus, a pointed instrument -^- gero, td bear. Shaped like a style. Gills are styliform.) I I a) Genus Stiliger Eh- I Stiliger fuscatus Gould (dusky; color va- renherg_1831.(Masc.) ' rying from dark-slate to nearly black.) i b ) Genus Alderia Thomp- son 1844." (Named for the na.turalist Jos- hua Alder, Eem, ) c ) Genus Hermaea Loven 1844, ("Gr. Hermaios, of Hermes, the mes- senger of the gods, Fern. ) Alderia harvardiensis Gould (named for Harvard University. j Hermaea_cruciata Gould ( arranged in the j form of a cross; Gould writes: "The bran- chial organs are slender at their inser- tion and curiously dilated at the middle^ as well as the internal dark biliary con- tents representing a quaquaversal cross." 2. Family Elysiidae. (Gr, Elysios, Elysian.) Blysia chlorotic ; emerald green. T Gould (greenish; animalj Genus Elysia Risso 1818, (Fem.) Elysia catula Gould (in Lat, a little do< cub; but Gould derived it from English "cat", a little cat. He v/rites: "Head large, rounded in front, globose. Ten- tacles short, broad, blunt, like cats' ears, so that the whole has a curious resemblance to the head of a kitten when viewed from above." •^» PaJ^ily Limapontiidae. (From limax, a slug, sea-slugs'. Body slug-like.) snail -!- pontes, sea; ) i Genus Limapontia j Limapontia zonata Girard (with zones; i Johnston 1856. (¥em.) ' body with transverse bands of white.) j 4. Family Oxynoidae. (Gr. Oxynea, a town of Thessaly.) Genus Lobiger Krohn i Lobiger pilsbryi Schwengel (named for Dr^j 1847. (Bearing lobes; i Henry A, Pilsbry, eminent American mala-t Masc) j cologist, 1862- .) ■ I Lobiger sowerbyi Fischer ( Sowerby ' s . ) j E. ORDER ACOELA I (Gr, acoilos, not hollow. These alimentary canal.) mo Husks have no intestinal cavity, no 122 : Family Umbraculidae . (Lat, umbraculum, anything that furnishes sha-! de, an umbrella. Umbrella- shaped. ) \ ^ ) Genus Umbraculum S c hurnache r 1817 . "TNeu'ter.y" ~ j Umbraculum bermudense Mbrch (from Bermu- j I dSTT" I I Umbraculum plicatulum Martens (folded, ! i coiled; plaitedTT ' i Umbraculum rushi Pall (named for Dr. W. I H. Rush, U. S. Navy.) Tylodina americana Pall ( American. ) b ) Genus Tylodina Rafi- nesgue ,18,14 . "Xgt . "~ tylos, a knob, cal- lus. Shell with a callous apex.Fem.) F. ORPSR mJPIBRAMCKIA (Lat. nudus, naked — branchia, gills. Gills are mked and exposed.) I. SUP5R7Alv:iLY DORIDACEA (Named after Doris, the daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, and wife of Nereus, a sea-god.) 1, Family Pplyceridae . (Gr, polys, many — ceras, horn; with many lit- tle horns. Appendages to the branchiae spur-like. Spicules on the skin. ) a) Genus Polycerella Verrill 1880. TSarae etymology as above, Fem. ) Polycerella davenporti Balch (Davenport'si Polycerella emertoni Verrill (named for J. H. Emerton, artist of the U. S. Fish Commission. ) b ) Genus Issena Ireda- ]" le^ & o"''Donqghue 1925. | {Tat. Issa, an island! Issena lacera Abildgaard (mutilated, in the Adriatic. As • torn to pieces.) Issa was already pre-' Issena ramosa Verrill & Emerton (ramose.) occupied, Iredale andi O'Donoghue proposed the diminutive Isse- • na, Fem.) c ) Genus Palio Gray 1857. - (Lat, pallium, a man- i Palio lessoni Orbigny (Lesson's.) tie. Masc.) Family Qnchidorididae.( Gr. oncos, the barb of an arrow, a bend, cur- ve, tumor; tubercle — doris, the daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, and wife of Nereus, a sea-god.) j I ! Onchidoris aspersa Alder & Hancock( sprin-j I kled; the s'ides are sprinkled with o- i ! paque v/hite.) i Onchidoris diademata Gould (having a dia- j dera; branchial star of nine plumes.) ' Onchidoris diaphana Alder & Hancock (di- ; aphanous, transparent, ) I a ) Genus Onchidoris Blainyille 1816. Spelt Onchidorus in 1816, then On- ciiidox^is in 1824, Onchidorus would Tdb inasc. , v/hile Onchidoris is fern.) ^ ) C-enus Acanthodoris Gray 18507~rGr . acan- tha, a thorn — doris. Fern.) c ) Genus Adalaria Ber^h 1878. (Meaning un- known , I'em, ) 123 Onchidoris fusca Muller (duslcy; animal pale rusty, j Onchidoris _grisea_Gould (gray, or light color mottled with black or "brown; ten- tacles yellowish? branchial plumes yel- lov.'ish. '; Onchidoris muricata IvTulle r(scaly, spiny, Onchidoris tr^nella Gould T^^ather delica- ilmost ); ; te; the animal i_ transparent, ) is delicate and Acanthodoris pilosa Abildgaard (hairy; j hairy appearance, T j Acanthodoris _p_i Ipsa qrnata^ Verrill ( ador-l ned. These mollusks are covered' with soft slender papillae which make them appear pilose, ) Adalaria proxima Alder & Hancock ( ne ar , close to; it looks very much like Onchi- doris aspera,) 3. Family Okeniidae. (Named for the naturalist Oken,) ^ ) Genus Ancula. Loven 1845. (Lat. a secon- dary goddess assign- ed to the service of the principal gods, Fem, ) b ) Genus Idal iella Se r 2h_l 8 3 1 TTcr , I da - lion, a city in Cy- prus with a temple of Venus, Pertainiiig to Idnlium or Venus, Fem, ) 'Aricula cristata Alder (crested; branchial plumes arranged in a semi-circle.) Ancula_ cristata sul];^hurea Stimpson (sul- phurous; laminae of dorsal tentacles of a sulphur-yellow color; branchial plu- mes sulphur tipped,) Ida lie 11a modes ta Verrill (modest, small^ Idaliella pulchella Alder & Hancock ( ra- the r prax-ty.y 4. Family Corambidae, (ivlaybe from Corambis, narae given Polonius in Hamlet ,y ^ ) Genus Goramb e 11a Salch 1899. (Dimi - nutivo 'of Corambe, Fem, I b ) Genus Corai'ibe Bergh 18 69". Also called Doridella Ve rrill 1870 , ( b i irii nu t i ve of Deris.) Fem,) Corambella depres sa Balch ( depr e s sed ; much flattened,") Coramb_e obscura Verrill (obscure, dark.) I ! 5. Family Dorididae. (lTam.ed after Doris, the daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, and wife of 'i^Tereus, a sea-god.) a) Genus Cadlina Bergh 1878. ("i-Ieaning un- known. Fern, ) Cadlina laevis Linne (smooth; covered with minute tubercles.) b ) Genus Glossodori s Ehrenberg 1851. { Gr . glossa, tongue — doris. Fern.) c ) Genu s Dori s Linne 1758'. '(Doris, Do- ridis, daughter of Oceanus and Tethys. Also listed as gqridigitata Orbi- £n^_18 39s Doris -<- digitatus, having fingers or finger- like iDrocess.Fem. ) d ) Genus Geito doris Eergh ISQlTTGr . geiton, neighbor, akin to -:- doris. Fern, ) 124 I Glossodoris clenchi Russell ( named for i William J. clench, Curator of Ilollusks, ! Harvard University, 1897- .) Doris derelicta Fischer (abandoned.) Geitodoris__complanata Verrill( flattened. )! II. SUPSr-ir.^.!ILY ASOLIDIACEA (Prom ASolis, the daughter of ASolus, the god of the winds, v/rite Al- der and Hancock.) !• Family Heterodorididae. (Gr, heteros, other, different — doris, doriais, the daughter of Oceanus and Tethys. A different Doris.) Genus Heterodoris Verrill & Emerton 1882. iFem.T" i Heterodoris robusta Verrill & Emerton ' ("robust.) 2. Family Dendronotidae . (c-r. dendron, a tree -- notes, back. Have dorsal gills. Branchiae are set on each side of the back.) i Dendronotus f rondo sus Ascanius (leafy: Genus Dendronotus with leaves; branchiae are ramose.) Dendronotus frondosus elegans Verrill Alder & Hancock 184-5. (Masc.y j ' (elegant; beautifully, elaborately ra- i mose.) I Dendronotus robustus Verrill (robust.) 3. Family Scyllaeidae. (Scylla, the dangerous rock opposite the whirl- pool CharybdisTT Genus Scyllaea Lin- | Scyllaea pelagica Linne (pelagic.) ne 17587TFem7y ' Scyllaea pelagica marginata Bergh (havingj I a ma'rgin.y 4, Family Iduliidae. (One of those words invented by Leach.) Genus Idulia Leach Idulia coronata Gmelin (crowned; bran- chiae bearing circles of papillae.) Idulia formosa Verrill (handsome.) 1852. (rem.) 5. Family Flabellinidae . (Lat. flabellum, a fan; fan- shaped.) Genus Eu"branchus ror"bes 1858 . ( eu, well, good -!- iDran- chia, gills. Bran- chiae are brilliant- ly dotted, Masc.) 125 i Eubranchus exiguus Alder & Hancock ( small!; about 2/10 of an inch in 'lengthTT , Eubranchus pallidus Alder & Hancock (pa- • lej animal yellov/ish white,]" b ) Genus Goryphella Gray 1850. fProba- bly Gr, coi-yphe, head, summit, peak. Eem, ) Goryphella diversa Couthouy (different; j resembles Goryphella salmonacea, but is \ much more slender, the angles of the j foot less dilated and the dorsal tentac-j les simple, say Gould & Binney.) 1 Cory^phella nobilis Verrill ( noble , ) Goryphella ruf ibranchialis Johnston( wi th red branchiae; branchiae are brigiit-red or brown with white tips,) i Goryphella ruf ibranchialis chocolata Ealcli chocolate; cox'es of the cerata and of i the body are chocolate-brown.) ! Goryphella ruf ibranchialis mananensis j Stiin£son'Tfi"om Grand Lianan, JTev; Bruns- wick, G ana da.) Goryphella rutila Verrill ( red. ) G oryphe lla_ salrnonacea G outhouy ( salmon- I colored; branchiae are deep salmon- 1 colored.) ! Goryphella stellata Stimpson ( starry ; ; "when the aniiual is rolled up, its bran- i chiae project in all directions like the '■ rays of a star;' write Gould & Binney.) ' Goryphella stinipsoni Verrill (named for William Stimpson, an American zoologist, ; 1832-1872.) 6, Family Eionidae. (A proper name fromi Ossian, say Alder & Hancock.) Genus Eiona Forbes (Fiona pinnata Eschscholtz (pinnate; havin^j & Hanley 1851. (Fem.) ; a v/inglike tuft of branchiae.) 7, Family Tergipedidae. (Lat, tergum, back -i- pes, pedis, foot. Bran- chiae are in a single row on each side of the back; sides of foot rounded. ) a) Genus Ter_£i vier 1805 gipes Gu- . (Masc. ) b ) Genus Embletonia Al- ^ ^ r & Hancock 1851 . (dedicated to Dr. Dennis Embleton, an English naturalist, Fem, ) 1 Tergipes despectus Johnston (despised; I animal colorless. It is a minute little I species about one fourth of an inch.) .Embletonia fuscata Gould (dusky; color I from pale drab with a few dusky points : to a smutty slate-color.) jEmbletonia fuscata lanceolata Gould ( lan- I ceolate, tapering to a point; species ! with broad anterior tapering baclcwards ■ and ending in a delicate point.) JEmbletonia remigata Gould (like an oar; ■ body long, slender, cylindrical anterior i_ ly, gradually contracted backv/ards.) c) Genus Guthona Alder iGuthona pustulata Alder & Hancock (with i ■ - ■ ' ■. ■ ■' 126 &_Hancock 1855. (Pro- : pimples; granulated with white. ) bahly fron a proper j ; name . Fem. ) i j d) Genus Catriona Y/inck~ I Catriona aurantia Alder ^c Kancock (oran- i worth 1941." (Meaning j ge ? also called aurantiaca Alde'r & Han- ' unknownTT Formerly i cock; of the orange; "branchiae" centrally listed as Genus Cra- red, white at the end, with an orange tena Bergh 1864.rem.); ring.) I I Catriona gymnota Couthouy (with a naked | back; the bra,nchiae are arranged along the lateral margins, leaving a large portion of the hack exposed.) Catriona pi lata Gould (in piles, masses; tufts of branchiae. 7 Catriona veronica Verrill (from Veronica, the woman who v/iped the face of Christ with a cloth when He was on his way to Calvary. Body covered by a mantle.) 8. Family ASolidiidae. (From ASolis, the daughter of AEolus, the god of the'v/inds, write Alder and Hancock.) a) Genus AEolidia Cu- I AEolidia papillosa Linne (covered ^vith yier 1798. (Fem.Y ! papillae; papillae are set in very many l_ rov/s, closely crowded.) ^) Genus Facelina Alder Ipacelina agari Sc7allv/ood (Agar's.) & Hancock 1855. TJ. | Facelina bostoniensis Couthouy (from Bos- surname of Diana, a i ton; found from Boston Harbor to Nev;port Roman goddess. Fern.) l_ and Block Island, Rhode Island.) 9. Family Glaucidae. (Gr, glaucos, gray or bluish green. Also a sea- god. - Genus Glaucus Fors- C-laucus marinus Du Pont 17 65 (blue; also ter 1777. (CoKimon na- called Glaucus atlanticus Forster ( At- me J Sea-lizards. Masci ! lantic). I SUBCLASS PULMO^TATA : (Lat, pulmo, pulmonis, a lung; these gastropods are air breathers.) i ORDER BASOIvMATQPKORA i (Gr, basis, base -'- omma, oKiniat-, eye -i- pherein, to bear. These mol- ; lusks have the eyes at the base of the tentacles.) I 1, Family Ellobiidae. (Gr, ellobion, that which is in the lobe of the ■ ear, an earring. Common nr,me : Ear Shells.) iMelampus bidentatus bidentatus Say (with I two teeth or folds; the inner lip has i t^^TO folds upon it.) a) Genus MeLampus Mont- Melampus bidentatus corneus Desha,yes ( fort 1810. (Gr.melas; ; ' horn color. T black -"• pous, foot; ! Melampus bidentatus lineatus Say (lined; j black-footed. Common i v;ith wrinkles lengthwise and occasional j ■ . . '' ;■•/: I >_; . r name: Black foot Shells. Melampus is also the name of a legendary Greek physician, Masc.) 127 } revolving lines.) I Melampus "bidentatus redfieldi Pfeiffer (Redfield''s,l Melampus coffeus Linne (coffee 5 resemlDlir^ a coffee bean. Lead color or "brownish.) Melampus CO f feus CTindlachi Pfeiffer ""Cc-unalach' s.y Melampus flavus Gmelin (yellowy color j brownish to chestnut.) 1 Melampus floridanus Shuttleworth( I'lor i da.)i t" ) Genus Pira H . & _A , Adams, 1855. fLat , pirum, a pear. On account of its en- ding, fern.) c ) Genus Detracia Gray 18.40, (T"he proper name De Tracy, Fern.) d ) Genus Tralia Gray 1840. "I'Pr o'oably a proper name. Pern.) Pira monilis Brupa;ii3re (with a necklace.) PifaVionile is also"correct ; monile is | a noun meaning necklace . ) j "Detracia "bullaoides Ilontagu (bubble- 1 shaped; resembling a Lulla. ) i I I^etracia clarki Morrison ( C lark ' s ; named after Austin 11. Clark, scientist.) Detracia floridana Shuttlev;orth ( Flo ri da^ Tralia ovigla 3rup:uiere ( diminutive of ovum, a sm^alT egg 75" :ralia pusilla Gmelin ( t i ny . ) e) Genus Pedipes Fe- russac 182l", (Lat . pes, ped-, a foot. Foot rounded before | and behind, divided j below by a deep i furrow. Common name: > Stepping Shells. ' Masc. ) f ) Genus Ilarinula King 1832. I15iminutive j of Lat. marinus, ■ marine, of the sea. Fern, ) S ) Genus Apodosi s Pils- bry & McGinty 1949, "TGr, restoration, restitution? in grammar, the conse- quent proposition. Fem, ) h) Genus Phytia Gra.y 1821. Urr. phytios, producing, nourish- ing; generative; e- pithet of the gods. Formerly listed as Alexia Gray 1847; probably suggested i Pedipes elongatus Pall (elongated.) : Pedipes mirc^bj J_ ; sl^iilfeld ( admirable . ) i Pedi n e s oval is C.B.Adams I"o va 1 . ) Marinula succinea Pfeiffer (amber; amber colored. ] (See bottom of page 128.) Apodosis novimundi Pilsbry & McGinty (of the new world.) ■ Phytia bermudensis H,& A.Adams ( from I BermudaTl ' Phytia myosotis borealis Conrad ( Gr . ! myosotis, mouse ear; the forget-me-not, ; Borealis: northern; found from Maine to ITew Yo rk . ) ' PUytia myosotis marylandica Pilsbry (lla- 'I t 128 to Gray "by the pro- : ryland; found in St. Leonard's Creek, j I^er name Alexis. Fera^ ' Patuxent River, i.iaryland.) \ i i) Genus Blauneria Shut- Blauneria heteroclita_Montagu (heterocli-j k I tleworth 1854.n5edi- i'te? irregixlar. "shell sinistral with a \ I cated to a naturalist single strongly marked fold.) j called Blauner, Pern.) - i j) Genus Microtralia Pall" i 1894. (Micros, small 'Microtralia occidentalis Pfeiffer (west-^ i -•- tralia. Fern.) '_ ern,y~ j k) Genus Ello"bium Rodingf j 1798. Igt, ellobion, : 1 that v/hich is in the { i lobe of the ear, an ! Ellobium pellucens Menke (transparent.) earring.) Formerly llloMW_^inusculura_D^ (rather small.) listed as Genus Au- i riculastrura Fischer ; 1883s little ear, ear lohe. ) (Neuter. ) ; 2. Family Gadiniidae. (From le Gadin, name arbitrarily given by Adan- j i son in 175777 I I _ ' I Genus Gadinia Gray i'Gadinia carinata Pall (keeled, carinate.y j 1B24. (Fem.) L ' 3. Family Siphonariidae. (Gr. siphon, a siphon, tube, pipe. These mol- ! luslcs have a siphonal groove on the right side.) a ) Genus Siphonar ia i Siphonaria alternata Say (alternated; i white and 'brovm in color; ribs vary in i size.) Si phonaria alternata brunnea Hanley yj^,,^^ i:liXti^tlil^ i::i. 7^ ^ O^^^^ » b r OV/H i S h . ) Sowerbv_1823.7Feii.) Siphonaria lineolata Orbigny (with little i j revolving lines. Is the same as Siphona- j I ria pectinata Linne.) i ' Siphonaria pectinata_Linne (with many ra- i i. dial lines.) I b) Genus Williamia Mon- | Wi ^J^ianu a^krebsi_^rch (named for the j terosato 1884.7?rom I the conchologist Henry Krebs, of St, ! the proper name ' Thomas, TYest Indies.) i William, Fem.) ! II. B. Genus Leuconia Gray 1840 is not found in North Atlantic waters. i Omission; Insert just after Genus Marinula King; page 127 j » " ^' I f ' ) Genus Laemodonta Phi- ■ i lippi 184 6. (Gr.laimos,; I throat — odous, odorrt^ Laemodonta cubensis Pfeiffer (Cuban.) I tooth. Shell having ; I three big folds or ! ' denticulations , Fem.) . ^ CLASS 130 AMPHINEURA (Greek amphi, on both sides -:- neura, nerves. Both sides of nervous system are similarly arranged.) A. ORDER LEPID0PIJ:URIDA (Gr, lepis, lepidos, a scale (as of fish) -i- pleuron, pleura, sides. Scaly sides. Girdle with minute striated or smooth scales, usually with longer scales at the edge.) Family Lepidopleuridae. (Same etymology as above.) Lepidopleurus alveolus Sars ( al ve o lu s , Lat . noun meaning a small cavity, a ba- sin, tray. Shell is quite convex, back is arched. ) Lepidopleurus arcticus Sars (arctic, nor- thern. Range: Greenland to Pinmark.) Lepidopleurus asellus Spengler (asellus, Lat, noun meaning a little donkey, an ass's colt. Shell rather elevated; dor- sal ridge angular. Color: olive-ashen. Delicate lines of olive-green.) Lepidopleurus cancellatus Sowerby (cross- barred, trellis-like. Has a latticed ap- pearance. ) Lepidopleurus carinatus Pall (keeled, with an elevated ridge. 1 Lepidopleurus pergranatus Dall ( havi ng very many grains; whole surface covered with granular sculpture.) a ) Genus Lepidopleurus Risso 1826. (Scaly sides, Masc) f^ b ) Genus Hanleya Gray 1857. (lamed for Sylvanus Hanley, a British malacologist, 1819-1899. Fem.) Hanleya hanleyi Bean (Hanley' s; named for Sylvanus Hanley, 1819-1899.) Hanleya mendicaria Mighels and Adams( Lat . mendicus, beggar, indigent, poor; look- ing like a beggar. Shell ashen-white, not much elevated; dorsal ridge obtuse.) Hanleya tropicalis Dall (tropical; found in Sand Key, Florida. ) B. ORDER CHITONIDA (Gr. chiton, a tunic, gown.) 1. Family Lepidochitonidae. (Gr. lepis, lepidos, a scale (as of fish) -(- chiton, a tunic, gown. Shells are scaly. Girdle covered with minute scales.) Genus Tonicel la Car- penter 1873. "TDimi - nutive of Tonicia, word invented by Gray for its eupho- nic sound. Fern.) Tonicella blaneyi Dall (Blaney's.) Tonicella marmorea Fabricius ( marble - like. Shell brownish or reddish with white lines and spots.) Tonicella marmorea caerulea ^Vinkley (Lat. caeruleus means dark-colored, dark blue, azure.) 131 2. Family Mopaliidae. (From Mopalia, an arbitrary name invented by- Gray merely for its pleasing combination of syllables.) a) Genus Symmetrogephy- rus Middendorf 1847 . {"Gr. symmetros, sym- metric -I- gephyra, a bridge. MascOll'or- merly known as Genus Amicula Gray 1847, Lat. a little girl friend, which was then feminine.) Symmetrogephyrus vestitus Broderip and Sov/erby (Lat. dressed withj covered with a brown girdle which tered tufts of hair.) may have scat- b) Genus 1882. Geratozona TGr. Dall^' ceras, cerat-, horn -t- zona,! Geratozona rugosa Sowerby (rough, wrink- a girdle. Girdle is } led; with a rough sculpture of wavy tough with hornlike I wrinkles.) spines, Pern.) I c) Genus Placiphorella Carpenter) Pall 1878L w A diminutive of Pla- ciphora. From Greek placs, plac-, a plate -I- phero, carry. Fem.l Placiphorella atlantica Verrill & Smith (Atlantic; off the Georges Bank.l 1 3, Family Cryptoplacidae. (Gr. cryptos, hidden -•- placs, plac-, a plate. Plates sunken in the back of the mantle.) a) Genus Cryptoconchus Burrow 1815. Tcr. cryptos, hidden -i- concha, a conch. For- merly known as Genus Acanthochites Risso 1826. Masc.) b ) Genus Acanthochitona Gray 1821 . "[Gr . acan- tha, a spine, thorn -I- chiton, a tunic, gown. Formerly known as Genus Acanthochi- tes Risso 1826 : s ame etymology. Fem.) Cryptoconchus floridanus Pall (found in Florida. ) Cryptoconchus hemphilli Pilsbry( Hemphi 11"^ named for Henry Hemphill, a concholo- gist.) Acanthochitona balesae Pilsbry ( named for Mrs. Blenn R, Bales of Circleville, Ohio. ) Acanthochitona pygmaea Pilsbry (pygmean, dwarf; only 1/2 to 3/4 inch in length.) Acanthochitona spiculosa Reeve (Lat. spiculus, pointed; furnished with tufts of spicules, of sharp points.) Acanthochitona spiculosa astrigera Reeve ("Lat. astriger, starry. Valves ly colored, often with wide whi stripes. Is the same species as ceding one.) various- te the pre Family Ischnochitonidae . (Gr, ischnos, slender, thin -i- chiton, a tunic, gown. Valves are thin. Slender Chitons.) a) Genus Calloplax Thie- le 1909. TGr. calos, beautiful -(- plax, a Calloplax .ianeirensis Gray ( de Janeiro; Range from Florida to Rio de Janeii'O, Brazil. ) ;l';t; 132 plate. Prefix callo is also used in the meaning of strong. Shell is strongly- sculptured, Fern.) b ) Genus Chaetopleura Shuttleworth 1855 . (Or. chaete, long flowing hair, mane -h- pleura, sides. Girdle more or less hairy. Fern. ) Chaetopleura apiculata Say (iTeo Lat. apiculus, diminutive of apex, a tip, summit; having a projecting point. Dor- sum sharply keeled.) I schno chiton floridanus Pilshry (Florida Ischnochiton limaciformis Sower"by(Lat , limax, limac-, a slug -<- forma, shape; shaped like a slug. Shell is narrow, e- longated. ) Ischnoshiton liozonis Pall (Gr. leios, smooth -•>- zone or Lat. zona, a girdle, zone; girdle nearly smooth; surface of the valves nearly smooth.) Is c hr o^c hi ton papillosus G, B.Adams (Lat. papilla, a pusi:ule, pimple. Pimpled. It is granulated throughout.) Ischnochiton nectinatus Sowerby (comb- I like, fan-shaped; recalls a scallop, a c) Genus Ischnochiton I pecten by its sculpture.) Gray 1847. ^Gr . i schnos, Ischnochiton purpurascens C.B.Adams ( pur- slender, thin ---• chi- 1 pie; having red paxches on dorsal ridge.) ton, a tunic, g,ovni, \ Ischnochiton striolatus Gray (with little stri.ae; sculptured with narrow grooves.) Ischnochiton striolatus funiculatus ( Car- pent erj Filsbry ^funiculate; with small I Slender Chitons. Llasc.)! cord-like ridges.) Ischnochiton albus Linne (white colon inte- ! pale buff, sometimes almost white; I rior white. ) i Ischnochiton ruber Linne (red; shell i light buif, marbled with lines of crim- i son. Interior bright pink.) Ischnochiton ruber index Ealch (index; fore-finger. y Ischnochiton exaratus Sars ( f u r r o w e d ; surface radially grooved.) d) Genus Lorica H.& A. Adams 1852. {Ta^tin: armor plate, leather cuirass. Girdle scaly. Formerly lis- ted as Callistochi- j Lorica shuttleworthiana Pilsbry ( Shuttle- ton Carpenter 1382 : Gr, callistos, very I beautiful, fairest i -I- chiton, a tunic, I gown.Callistochiton ; was masc. ■, Lorica fem.)'^ lirorth^; ITamed for J. Robert Shuttle- worth who died in 1874. This genus v/as well named Callistochiton as the valves are conspicuously sculptured.) 133 Family Chitonidae. (Gr. chiton, of mail Chitons.) a tunic, gown. Common name: Coat a) Genus Chiton Linne 1758."TMasc.) "b ) Genus Acanthopleura Guilding 1829VTGr , acantha, spine, thorn -(- pleura, sides. Girdle covered with spines. Fem. ) c ) Genus Tonicia Gray 1847. (Name arbitra- rily chosen "by Gray for its euphonic sound. Derived from tonic. Tonicia dif- fers from Tonicella I in having pectinated I insertion plates. 1 Feminine.) i Chiton marmoratua Linne (marbled; color olive to dark brown or purple brown; girdle alternately green and light blue^ Chiton squamosus Linne (Lat. scaly; cov- ered with scales or granules; sides beaded.) Chiton viridis Spengler (green; color frora~gray-v/hite to olive) is the same species. Chiton tuberculatus Linne (with tubercles, Riblets bear low tubercles.) Acanthopleura granulata Gmelin (granula- ted; granulated all over."] Tonicia schrammi Shuttleworth( Schramm' s ; named for A. Schramm of Paris and Guade- loupe, a conchologist who died in 1876.) ( CLASS SCAPHOPODA 135 CLASS SCAPHOPODA (Gr, scaphe, a iDoat, anything foot fitted for burrowing.) dug or scooped out -t- pous, pod-, foot: 1. Family Siphonodentaliidae. (Gr. siphon, a tube, siphon ->.- dentaliuun. from dens, dentis, a tooth, tooth-shaped. Shells bulbous near the middle, Foot vermiform,) a ) Genus Cadulus Philip- pi 1844, (Diminutive of Lat. noun cadus,a small pail, jar,Masc.) Cadulus curtus Watson ( short broad.l Cadulus cucurbita Dall shell short, a gourd; looks like a it cucurbitus ;Pilsbry is more correct since a noun, should remain unchanged.) Cadulus (Lat. noun meaning gourd, Dall called cucurbita, which cucurbita, being obesus Watson (fat, obese; very broad, very much swollen in the middle.) Cadulus platensis Henderson (type is froir off the Rio de la Plata. ) Cadulus transitorius Henderson (transito- ry, not enduring, short-lmved; shell very small; length, 3 mm.) Cadulus acus Dall (Lat. noun meaning a needle; shell is small, very slender.) Cadulus atlanticus Henderson ( At 1 an t i c . ) Cadulus cylindratus Jeffreys ( cylindric ; shell forms a narrow cylinder, of about equal caliber, with no swelling.) Cadulus iota Henderson (Gr. letter i, an jot, anything very small; shell iota, a minute, a little mite of a shell.) Cadulus mayori Henderson ( May o r ' s ; name d in honor of Dr. A. G. Mayor, of the Tor- tugas Biological Station.) Cadulus minusculus Dall ( r at he r sma 1 1 ; shell very small; length, 2.33 mm.) Cadulus rastridens V/atson (Lat. rastrum, a rake -.- dens, tooth; looks like the tooth of a rake; it is bent.) Cadulus regularis Henderson ( r e gu 1 a r ; without a local sv/elling.y Cadulus sauridens Watson (Gr, sauros, a lizard ->- dens, tooth; shell small, nar- rov/, a little bent,) Cadulus subula Henderson (Lat, noun shell very mean- small. ing an awl; awl- shaped; exceedingly slender.) Cadulus verrilli Henderson (Verrill's; named for Addison Emery Verrill, Profes- sor of Zoology in Yale University, 1839- 1927,) Cadulus aequalis Dall (equal, even, plain^ shell v/ithout sculpture,) Cadulus agassizi Dall (Agassiz' for Louis Jean R, Agassiz, a Sv/iss na- turalist who taught at Harvard Universi- ty, 1807-1873,) (Agassiz'; named a) Genus Cadulus Philip- pi 1844. "CMascTy 136 ! Cadulus amiantus Pall (Gr. unspotted; cot lor millcy white, somewhat translucent. ) j Cadulus arctus Henderson (Lat. pressed ] together, narrow; shell exceedingly slender, with a small contracted ante- rior aperture.) Cadulus elephas Henderson ( e 1 e phan t ; shell very large, solid and heavy; . length 17,5 mm. ) Cadulus elongatus Henderson ( e longat ed ; very long and slender; 14 mm.) Cadulus foweyensis Henderson! from Fowey Light, Florida. ) Cadulus grandis Verrill (large; shell large, robust, thick; 15 mm.) Cadulus greenlavri Henderson { Greenlaw ' s ; named after Captain S. ^7. Greenlaw, master of the Eolis.) Cadulus lunula Pall (a little moon; it iS like a crescent. ) miamensis Henderson (from Miami; shaped Cadulus , dredged off Fowey Light, Florida.) Cadulus nitidus Henderson (shining. ) SMliilis_2aildionis_Verry.l_&_Smith (dred- ged by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer "Fish _Hawk" . The fish hawk's name in Latin is Pandion haliaeetus.) Cadulus parvus" Henderson (small; length 6 mm, ) Cadulus poculum_Dall (Lat. noun meaning a drinking cup, a glass.) Cadulus_portori^ensi s_Henderson (from Puerto Rico.y Cadulus provide nsis Henderson (dredged off Old Providence Island, West Indies. Cadu lAi s_m Shi _Pi Isbr Y_&_Shar2 ( Ru sh ' s ; named for Pr. W. H. Rush, U. S. Navy.) Cadulus rush i arnejjenderson ( arne may be derived from Gr. aren, sheep, ram.) S3:ly.ly.^_£i.^i2.0.i_ii^^® I^£2. ( S i mp s o n ' s ; named for Charles T. Simpson, the joint author with William H. Pall in the re- port upon the Porto Rican mollusks.) Cadulus spectabilis Verrill (remarkable; "remarkable for its great size, for its gibbous swelling close to the anterior end, and for the rapid contraction of the oral aperture", writes Verrill. Shei:. very large for the genus: 22 mm.) Cadulus_vuj.£idensJVatson (Lat. vulpes, a fox -f- dens, tooth; shell resembles the canine tooth of a fox; long, sharp, bent^ Cadulus watsoni Pall (Watson's; named "Challenger" of the for R. B. Watson, expedition. ) Cadulus carolinensis Bush ( found from Gulf of Mexico. ) 1 Forth Carolina to the . Cadulus quadridentatus Pall ( four- too thedj; is cut into four conic teeth by :'•"•'■ ■ f. .■'■, [ ■■ Id) Genus Siphonodenta- lium Sars 1859 >(Gr. siphon, a tube -.- dentalium, tooth- shaped. Neuter.) c) Genus Entalina, terosato 1872. Mon- __ T5i- minutive of entalis, inner. Fem. ) 137 i four slits.) I Cadulus tetrodon Pilsbry & Sharp ( Gr. | tetra for tettara, four — odous, odont-t tooth; apex is cut by four slits leaving four triangular lobes; shell more swoll- en and fusiform than the quadridentatus^ " Siphonodentalium lobatum Sowerby (with i lobes; the apex is cut into six lobes | or teeth. ) | Siphonodentaliiim tytthum Watson (Greek i tytthos, small, little; very short, j length 5.5mm.) i Siphonodentalium verrilli Henderson (Ver-| rill's; named for Professor Addison S. I Verrill, Yale University, 1839-1927.) ■ Siphonodentalium bushi Henderson(Bush' s. ] Siphonodentalium striatinum Henderson (with little striae; has about sixty very minute longitudinal striae.) Siphonodentalium occidentale Henderson - (western; a Western Atlantic species.) Entalina platamodes Watson (Gr. platamo- des, of flat shape, broad and even; shell has a square form, is not rounded.) 2. Family Dentaliidae. (Lat. dens, dentis, a tooth; these shells are tooth-shaped. Foot is conical. Common name: Tooth Shells.) Dentalium carduus Pall (Lat. noun meaning a thistle; surface is rasp-like.) Dentalium gouldi Dall (Gould's; named for Dr. Augustus A. Gould, an eminent American malacologist, 1805-1866.) Dentalium gouldi portoricense Henderson (from Puerto Rico. ) Dentalium laqueatum Verrill ( pane lied; sculptured with latticed, finely reti- culated design. ) Dentalium laqueatum regulare Henderson (regular; ribs "are neither modified nor flattened at their termination in the aperture rim of the shells." (Hen- derson, ) Dentalium texasianum Philippi (Texan; from Texas. ) Dentalium texasianum cestum Henderson "TGr. cestos, as an adjective, means em- broidered, stitched; as a noun, it meane a girdle, belt. In Latin it means a bas- ket made of rushes; shell has rather heavy cord-like riblets.) Dentalium rebeccaense Henderson ( from Rebecca Shoals, FloridaTT Dentalium agile subagile Henderson (agi- le, nimble; Dentalium agile belongs to i European waters, so Henderson named thi^ G e nus Dentalium Lin- ne 1758. jTooth- shaped. Neuter.) Genus Dentalium Lin- ne 1758.nJeuteiF7T 138 species suliagile, somewhat agile. Shell; very long and slender.) • Dentalium antillariam Orl^igny ( of the An- i tilles, Antillean.l ; Dentaliumbartletti Henderson ( Bart le 1 1 ' s j named for Commander J, R. Bartlett, U, j S. lTavy,of the U. S. Coast Survey Steam-, er Blake (1878-1879). j Dentalium ceratum Pall (waxy; color of ai waxen yellowTl 1 Dentalium ceratum flavum Henderson (yel- | low; color Toright yellow; this yellow i color is more constant and vivid than j in the preceding one.) j Dentalium disparile Orbign;^ (different, unequal; this species has no notch or slit.) I Dentalium _en tale stimpsoni Henderson (Gr.j entos, Lat. entali s, of or pertaining to the interior, inner; the inner layer is hard and smooth; named for "'Villiam Stimpson, a distinguished American mala- cologist, 1832-1872.) Dentalium occidentale Stimpson (western; found from Gulf of St. Lawrence to off eape Hatteras, Forth Carolina.) Dentalium occidentale georgiense Hender- son ( dredged from off Georges Bank . ) Dentalium pilsbryi Rehder (named for Dr. Henry A. Pilsbry, Curator of the Depart- ment of Mollusca, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, an eminent Ame- rican malacologist, 1862- .)(Formerl5i listed as Dentalium pseudohexagonum^Hen- derson (Gr. pseudes, false -•- hexagonos, six-cornered; false hexagon; in fact it has nine primary ribs.) Dentalixim sericatum Dall (silken 5 shell translucent white with opaque white wa- vy lines; looks like "moire" silk.) Dentalium taphrium Dall (Gr. taphros, shell has thirty a or more ditch, trench; lev/ ribs . ) Dentalium tubulatum Henderson (tubular; almost straight; the cylinder is round) Dentalium callithrix Dall (Gr. with beautiful hair; wavy appearance.) Dentalium floridense Henderson (from Flo- rida; off the Florida Keys. ) De ntaliumjneridionale Pilsbry & Sharp Tsouthern; Gulf of Mexico, north of the Yucatan Bank, ) Dent a 1 ium meridionale .jamaicense Hender- son Tfound near Jamaica, '7est Indies. ) D e ntalium meridionale verrilli Henderson l^errill's^ named for Addison Emery Ver- rill. Professor of Zoology in Yale Uni- versity, 1839-1927.) Dentalium amaliense Henderson (dredged Genus ■T Dentalium Lin- ne 17587~rNeuter.) 139 off Amalia, St, Thomas Island,) Dentalium calamus Pall (Masc, Latin noun shell a pen; meaning a reed, also slightly arched.) Dentalium circumcinctura Watson IS shell closely and regularly Dentalium eboreum Conrad (ivory; _ (girdled; girt roundj yellow- ish, milky and shining.) Dentalium semi strio latum Guilding (half furrowed or grooved; on some portions of the shell there are fine grooves, on others perfect smoothness.) Dentalium callipeplum Pall (Gr. callipe- plos, with "beautiful robe or beautiful- ly clad; shell highly polished and shi- ning; ivory white or flesh color.) Dentalium perlongum Pall (very long; it measures from 54 to 90 mm.) Dentalium sowerbyi Guilding ( Sowerby ' s ; named for George Brettingham Sowerby, son of a distinguished naturalist and father of George B, Sowerby Jr, who wrote A Conchological Manual, He himself is the author of The Genera of Recent and Fossil Shells, 1788-1854.) Dentalium sowerbyi pelliceri Henderson ( dedicated to Captain Gaspar Pellicer of the "Thomas Barrera".) Dentalium ensiculus Jeffreys (Lat, noun meaning a dagger, a small sword; shell rather strongly arched and keeled on convex and concave sides. Dagger Denta- lium. ) Dentalium ophiodon Dall (Gr. ophis, a serpent, snake -:- olous, odont-, tooth; shell thin but strong, considerably curH ved, of white color.) Dentalium pre s sum Pilsbry & Sharp ( strongly compressed or flattened.) D e ntalium stenoschizum Pilsbry & Sharp "Xor. stenos, narrow -.- schiza, a cleft. It possesses an extremely long and nar- row apical slit,) '■".:!i!> •JV . .1 'V ' .i- I / -7 I ■> h 141 ; C_L A_S_S g_E_L_E_g_Y__P__0_D A > (Gr. pelecys, hatchet -- pous, pod-, foot. The foot looks much like a| hatchet.) This Class is also c ailed :LAtiELLIBR^NCHIA (Lat. lamella, a ■ small or thin plate -•- Gr. branchia, gills; they have two flat, lamel-, liform gills on hoth sides of the body) | BIVALVIA (Lat. bis, twice -•- ' valva, leaf, fold (of a door) 5 shell consists of two valves); ACEPHALA (Gr. acephala, headless; mollusks having no evident head; head is not j well developed.) I A. ORDER PALAEOCONCHA (Gr. palaios, old, ancient -•- concha, conch.) SUPEREAMILY SOLEMYACEA (Gr. and Lat, solen, pipe, tube, channel -'- Lat. mya, a sea-mussel — acea, the termination generally used to designate superfamilies. ) Family Solemyidae. (Abbreviation for Solenomyidae, which is still used by some conchologists. Same etymology as above. Shells so called because valves are much elongated.) ! Solemya borealis Totten (northern; found f rom "l-^ova Scotia to Connecticut.) Solemya occidentalis Deshayes ( we s t ern ; found from ^Ve'st Coast of Florida to the West Indies.) Solemya velum Say (Velum is a neuter nouni meaning a veil. Veiled Solemya because the periostracum overhangs the edge of the shell like a veil. Common name: Awning shell.) Solemya grandis Verrill & Bush ( large . ) B. ORDER PROTOBRANCHIA (Gr, protos, first ->- branchia, gills. Gills are very primitive; they are flat, plate-like.) SUPERFAI'CLY MJCULACEA (Lat, nucula, diminutive of nux, nucis, a small nut.) 1. Family Nuculidae. (Lat. nucula, a small nut.) aegeensis Jeffreys (of the AEgean Genus Solemya La- marck 1818. (Fern. ) Nucula SeaTT I'Tucula atacellana Schenck (meaning un- known; formerly listed as Wucula can- cellata Jeffreys ( cross-barred, latticed.) Nucula crenulata A.Adams (crenulated; inside margin crenulate . ) Nucula culebrensis A.E.Smith (named after Gulebra Island, IVest Indies.) Nucula culebrensis obliterata Dall (era- Genus ITucula Lamarck 17997TFem.T~^ 142 sed, indistinct.) Nucula cyi'aella Pall (Lat. Gr. cyma, a wave, billow; has wave- like sculpture.) Fucula delphinodonta Mi^hels (Gr, delphig, a dolphin -r odous, odont-, tooth; looks like a dolphin tooth.) Nucula expansa Reeve (Lat. spread out, expanded, swollen, ) Nucula fernandinae Sail (dredged off Fer- nandina, Florida. ) ITucula granulosa Verrill (full of granu- les, granular. ) ITucula proxima Say (near, close to, clo- sely allied to some other species.) Fucula proxima ovata Verrill & Bush (ova- te; shell broad-ovate or elliptical in j form. ) Fucula proxima truncula Pall ( Lat . trun- culus, a hit, a small piece cut off.) Fucula subovata Verrill & Bush ( somewhat 1 ovateTl I Fucula tenuis j.'lontagu (thin, slender.) Fupula tenuis inflata Hancock (thin, slender, but swollen, inflated.) Fucula verrilli Pall (Verrill' s; named ir honor of Addison Emery Verrill, Profes- sor of Zoology in Yale University, an eminent malacologist , 1839-1927.) Family Fuculanidae. (A diminutive of nucula, a very small nut. Used to be called Family Ledidae, named after Leda, mother of Castor and Pollux. ) Fuculana acuta Conrad (acute, pointed; posterior end acutely pointed.) Fuculana concentrica Say (concentric; surface sculptured with concentric grooves. ) Fuculana buccata Steenstrup (Lat« refers to cheek puffed or filled out; a stout little shell.) Fuculana bushiana Verrill (Bush's; name d for Katharine J. Bush, Assistant in Peabody Museum of Yale University, 1855- 1937.) Fuculana carpenteri Pall (Carpenter's; named for Philip P. Carpenter, an En- glish naturalist, 1819-1877.) Fuculana caudata Ponovan (Lat. cauda, a tail; with a tail, J Fuculana hebes E. A, Smith (Lat. dull, blunt .y Fuculana jacksoni Gould (Jackson's; named for Pr. C. T. Jackson.) Fuculana .lamaicensis Orbigny (from Jamai- ca; found from Forth Carolina to the Fest Indies.) Fuculana minuta Fabricius (minute, very smalT"^ T/2 inch in length.) a) Genus 1807 Fu culana Link '(Fern . ) to : ijfi Ji f; 1 ^. :.*■ V 1 ;< 0 ii! ',) .iUL-r.. .< ?. ■ f r ■■' ^^?;j;^;^ i-Hj:-; r-r i ■■N.i;.TvM. kj;: b,->'fllh! ;,•- 143 jlTuculana pernula Muller (diminutive of I perna, a thigh, ham, sea-mussel.) jITuculana pusio Philippi (Lat. pusio, a I little boy; young; probably an immature ; specimen.) JFuculana quadrangular is Pall ( quadrangu- lar. ) Nuculana solidifacta E. A. Smith j made firm, solid; iFu cu 1 ana solidu 1 a solid.] solidif iedTT E. A. Smith (a a) Genus I\^uculana Link 1807. (rem.) (Lat. little ( some- b) i firm, j Nuculana subaequilatera Jeffreys j what equilateral.) ! pTuculana tenui sulcata Couthouy (Lat. te- i i nuis, thin, slender h- sulcatus, furrow-i i ed; with light furrows. Surface with ! numerous concentric ridges.) j JNuculana verrilliana_ Pall (Verrill's; na-j ! med for Professor Addison Emery Verrill i j of Yale University, an eminent malacolo- • gist, 1839-1927.) Fuculana vitrea cerata Pall ( Lat . vi t r eu s , [^glassy; ceratus, waxed; whitish lustre.) iLedella aspecta Pall (Lat. looked at; . shell has no defined escutcheon.) ILedella bipennis Pall (Lat. bipennis, ei- 1 ther having two edges or two wings.) JLedella messanensis Seguenza (from Messi- Genus Ledella Verril4 na, Sicily. ) & Bush 1897 . ~Xp i m i nu -i Ledella messanensis sublevis Verrill and tive of Leda, mother, Bush (sublevis, somewhat smooth; con- of Castor and Pollux.i centric sculpture wholly or partially Fern. ) t obsolete . ) JLedella orixa Pall (derived from Gr, o- I rinx, a furrow, wrinkle; shell has a 1 slight flexure in front of the rostrate end.) jYoldia arctica Gray (Arctic; landTT from Green- Yoldia cascoensis Mighels & Adams (from c) Genus Yo Idia Mo Her 1842. iKamed for Alfonso d'Aguirra y Gadea, Count Yoldi of Penmark. Fem. ) Casco Bay, Maine Yoldia glacialis Gray ( glac ia 1 ; Greenland and Hudson Strait.) Yoldia limatula Say (Lat. filed, I Shell very smooth and shining.) jYoldia liorhina Pall (Gr. leios, I -<- rhine, file; smooth file.) found in polishe4 smooth Mya; [Yoldia myalis Couthouy (resembling a ; elongate oval.l lYoldia sapotilla Gould (Spanish sapotill4» j the sapodilla plum; so called because I "in its shape and the perfect polish pf I its surface, this shell resembles the i seed of the sapotilla, a tropical fruit'j ! writes Gould. ) jYoldia solenoides Pall j JftfeaembXing a * Solen, ) ■ i - - *■ .Ml:;.! '.;:i: ; J£_j^,. ! VJ>:i n^^iZ . i J £,r;;J , _■. i. I ,- ". 'l ■• ■ 1 'i. ■:.,..11L2L. I ( 144 Yoldia thraciaeformis Storer ( shaped li- sirailis Verrill & Bush (differ-j species "differs considerahly j ke a Thracia, "broad and squarish.) . Yoldia curta Verrill & Bush ( short 5 shell is short, ) Yoldia diss ent; this species "differs considerahly froin the typical forms of Yoldiella", write Verrill and Bush.) Yoldia expansa Jeffreys (spread out, ex- panded, swollen. ) Yoldia fraterna Verrill & Bush ( frater- nal, hrotherly; closely allied to ano- ther species. ) Yoldia frigida Torell (cold, frigid; found from Gulf of St. Lawrence to Massachusetts. ) Yoldia inconspicua Verrill & Bush (not conspicuous, not remarkable; shell is small, thin, delicate.) Yoldia inflata Verrill & Bush ( s\'v o 1 1 e n ; shell small, swollen, rather short.) Yoldia iris Verrill & Bush (iris, the c) Genus Yoldia Mo lie r 1842. (J'^amed for rainbow; shell brilliantly iridescent, covered with fine concentric lines.) Yoldia iris stricta Verrill & Bush (Lat strictus: narrow, squeezed, tight.) Count Yoldi of Den- Yoldia jeffreysi Hidalgo (Jeffreys'; na- mark, 3?em. ) med for John G. Jeffreys, acologist, 1809-1385.) Yoldia lenticula amblia Verrill a British mal- & Bush d) Genus Microyoldia Verrill & Bush 1897 ( Gr, micros, small -I- Yoldia. A small Yoldia. Fem, ) e ) Genus Pristigloma r (lenticula, lentil; amblia, Gr. axnblys, fern, ambleia, blunt, dulled, having lost its point.) I Yoldia lucida Loven (shining, bright; shell iridescent; periostracum has bril- liant colors . ) Yoldia minuscula Verrill & Bush (rather small; shell minute. j Yoldia pachia Verrill & Bush (Gr, pachys, fern, pacheia, thick, stout; shell is very broad, considerably swollen in the middle . ) Yoldia pygmea Tliinster (pygmean, dwarf.) Yoldia sericea striolata Jeffreys (seri- ceus, silken, of silk; striolatus, mark- ed with striae or fine grooves.) Yoldia subangulata Verrill_&_3ush ( some- what angulate, pointedTl Yoldia subaequilatera Jeffreys ( somewhat [ equilateral; both ends are nearly equal in length.) Microyoldia regularis Verrill (regular.) . il ■ ,i r'J:>K ■•>■ ;. '! Pall 1900. (Greek pristos, sawn, cut — gloma for Latin glomus, a ball. Shell rounded at both ends. Fem. ) 145 Ipristigloma nitens Jeffreys (shining; shell soraewhat lustrous.) 3. Family Malletiidae. (Named for Navy Captain Mallet.) a) Genus Malletia Des- [fa- moulins 1852 . med for Navy Cap- tain Mallet, Fern.) IKalletia abyssorum Verrill & Bush ( of j the abysses, of the deepi found in 2620 ! fathoms. ) JMalletia obtusa Horch (blunt; anterior } end is rather short and evenly rounded; I posterior end obtusely rounded.) JMalletia polita Verrill & Bush (polished I smooth; periostraciAm is lustrous and iridescent. ) JMalletia dilatata Philippi (spread out, 1 enlarged; shell inflated.) c) Genus Tindaria Bel- lardi 1875. (Named after the Spartan King Tyndaraeus, the husband of Leda. Fem. ) b ) Genus Neilone 11a Pall 1881. (a dimin- utive of Neilo, a word arbitrarily chosen by the Adams brothers to designa- te a section of Malletia, and deri- ved from Gr, Neilos, meaning the river Nile. Fern.) Neilonella corpulenta Pall (very fat; i shell swollen; beaks prominent.) • Neilonella subovata Verrill and Bush j (subovate.) Tindaria acinula Pall (Lat. a berry, the stone of a berry; shell small, smooth, inflated. ) Tindaria amabilis Pall (lovable.) Tindaria callistif ormis Verrill & Bush Tcr. callistos, very beautiful, but re- ferring here to genus Callista -•- Latin forma, shape; shaped like a Callista. "This species is remarkable for its thick, firm shell, regular ovate form, and very even, concentric sculpture. In form and general appearance it resemble^ j some species of Callista", write Verril I and Bush. ) |Tinda.ria cytherea Pall (Cytherean, from j Cythera; a surname of Venus.) I Tindaria lata Verril 1 & Bush ( br o ad ; i shell broad-ovate.; iTindaria smithi Pall (Smith's; named for L A. Smith, a British naturalist.) d ) Genus Pseudoglomus f Pall 1898. (Gr . j pseudes, false -i- LatjPseudoglomus pompholyx Pall (Gr. noun glomus, a ball. Shell ' meaning a bubble.) is orbicular. Masc . ) ;_ C. ORDER 146 FILIBRANCHIA (Lat. filum, threads -•- Gr. branchia, gills. The gill-filaments are j ' long, folded back against themselves and connected "by tiny cilia.) i SUBORDER TAXODONTA I (Gr. taxis, order, arrangement — odous, odont-, tooth. Hinge teeth of ' equal size and arranged in a long series.) I SUPERFAIIILY ARC ACE A (Lat. area, a chest, an ark. Ark Shells.) 1, Eamily Arcidae. (Same etymology as above.) a ) G e nus Area Linne b) Genus Barbatia (Lat. 1847. (Lat. barbatus bearded. Periostracumi is shaggy. Eem. ) I c ) Genus Bathyarca Ko- belt 1891. (Gr. ba- Lat . thys, area, deep -:- an ark.Fem.) 1 Area zebra Swainson (zebra; formerly listl- i ed as Area occidentalis Philippi (west- 1758J ern; belonging to the "/estern Hemisphere, '[ Area umbonata Lamarck (Lat. umbo, umbonis ! a protuberance, rounded elevation, knob, ' Beaks are prominent. Beaked Ark.) I Barbatia cancellaria Lamarck ( or o s s-barreq: ! with a cancellate sculpture; formerly j known as Barbatia barbata Linne (bearded ; hairy; the periostracura is shaggy. Bar- ' batia barbata Linne is a Mediterranean Gray ; species. ) Barbatia Candida Helbling (white; white inside and outside. ) j Barbatia domingensis Lamarck (from Santo : Domingo, West Indies; formerly called '■ Area reticulata Gmelin (trellis-like; ' shell has radiating ribs crossed by con- : centric ridges.) i Barbatia tehera C.B. Adams (thin, tender; I shell is thin. Area balesi Pilsbry and i McLean (named in honor of Dr. Blenn R. !_ Bales, 1876-1946) is the same species.) i Bathyarca anomala Verrill & Bush ( abnor- mal; unusually wide ligamental area.) Bathyarca abyssorum Verrill & Bush ( of the abysses, of the deep; dredged in 1825-1859 fathoms.) Bathyarca glacialis Gray ( g la c i al ; f ound in Gulf of St. Lawrence.) Bathyarca glomerula Pall (diminutive of glomus, a little ball. Shell round.) Bathyarca inaegualis Pall (unequal; shell inequilateral, anterior end short and attenuated, posterior end longer and wi- dely expanded.) Bathyarca orbiculata Pall (rounded, near- ly circular.) j Bathyarca pectunculoides Scacchi (Latin ■. pectunculus, a small scallop -'- oides, for Gr. eidos, shape, form; resembling ., d ) Genus Bentharca Ver- rill & Bush 1898 . {"Gr, benthos, depth of the sea — area, an ark, Pem. ) e) Genus Arcopsis von Koenen 1885. (Lat. area, an ark — Gr. opsis, aspect, ap- pearance. Resem- hling an Area. Pern.) f ) Genus .^nadara Gray 1847. (One of those arlitrary names in- vented by Gray for their euphonic sound. Pern. ) 147 I j a small scallop. Shell nearly round, ex-; j cept for the slightly auriculated cardi-j j nal margin, ) i 1 3 athyarca peetuneuloides crenula ta Verrilj. iTTcrenulated, indented on edge. J ■ jBentharca asperula Dall (diminutive of asper: rough, uneven. ) Bentharca profundicola Verrill & Smith (Lat. profundus, deep — cola, from colef re, to inhabit, dwell 5 dweller of the ■ I deep, Pound in 2021 fathoms.) j Bentharca sagrinata Dall (iTeo Latin, ! shagreen (a kind of leather covered ';7ith small granulations). Shell has the ap- | pearance of sliagreen.) Arcopsis adamsi E. A. Smith (Adams'; for- merly listed as Area adamsi . ) Arcopsis adamsi eonradiana Sail (Conrad's named fro Timotliy A. Conrad, a distin- guished American conehologist, 1803-1877! 'Anadara baughraani Hertlein ( Baugliraan ' s ; Anadara springe ri Rehder & Abbott (Sprin|- ger'iy is the same.]" .'\nadara lienosa floridana Conrad (Lat. lienosus, suffering from the spleen; floridana, from Florida; found from North Carolina to Texas.) Formerly list- ed as Area secticostata Reeve (cut- rib- bed. Ribbing is strong. y~Anadara lienosa Say is a fossil species. Anadara notabilis Roding (notable, re- markable. "["Formerly known as Area auri- eulata Lamarck (eared. Auriculate ante- riorly and posteriorly; it belongs to the Red Sea.) Anadara transversa Say (transverse; shell transversely oblong, writes Say.) Anadara ovalis Bmguiere (oval; roundish- ovate.) Formerly called Area campechien- sis Gmelin (from Campeche.) Area campe- chiensis americana Wood (AmericarT) and Area eampechiensis pexata Say (Lat. mean- ing clothed in a garment that has a nap on it, as if covered with wool; this ark is covered with a sliaggy, wooly perios- tracum. ) seem to be the same as ovalis Bruguiere. ) Anadara brasiliana Lamarck ( Braz i 1 i an , ) Formerly known as Area incongrua Say ( unsuitable; the valves are ill-matched, unequal in size.) Anadara chemnitzi Philippi (Chem.nitz ' ) Noetia .jamaicensis Gmelin (Jamaica; from North Carolina to the West Indies,) ' I ■ g ) Genus IToetia Gray 18 57, fprom Noe, Noah. Fern.) 148 'Noetia ponderosa Say (ponderous , very thick, sturdy.) shell Family Limopsidae. (Lat. lima, a file ->- Gr. ranee. Resembling a Lima, a file shell. ) opsis, aspect, appea- a ) Genus Limopsis Sasso 1627. T^esembling a Lima. Fem. ) I Limopsis af finis Verrill (related to, closely allied toTsome other species.) Limopsis antillensis Pall ( Ant i lie an. ) Limopsis aurita Erocchi (Lat. auritus, earedTT Limopsis cristata Jeffreys ( Lat. cri sta- tus, crested, with a crest; with teeth on the inner margin of valves.) Limopsis minuta Philippi ( mi nu t e , smal 1 . ) Limopsis onchodes Pall (Gr. encodes. sv/elling out; inflated. Limopsis plana Verrill ( f la t . ) Limopsis profundicola Verrill & 3ush( Lat . pro fundus, deep -•- cola, from colere, to dwell; dweller of the deep. Dredged from a depth of 1525-1859 fathoms.) I Limopsis radialis Pall (Lat. radius, a : ray; teeth somev/hat radially arranged; ' sculptured v/ith prominent radial threads) 'Limopsis sulcata Verrill & Bush (furroT^ed; ■ surface covered with strong concentric ' grooves and narrow ribs.) 'Limopsis tenella Jeffreys (very delicate, ! thin. 7 b) Genus Pleurodon ^ood 1840. (Gr. pleuron, ! Pleurodon adamsi Pall (Adams'.) side -- odous, odont->l tooth. Masc.) ^- Family Glycymeridae. (Gr. glycys, sweet — meris , sweet morsel. Common name: Bittersweet Shells.) a part, share; Glycymeris americana Pef ranee ( American; the \7est Genus Glycymeris Da Costa 1778. (Same ety - mology as above. This word which should be spelt Glycymeris is feminine in Latin and Greek, ) found from North Carolina to Indies. ) Glycymeris decussata Linne (decussated; striae crossing each other at acute an- gles.) Formerly known as Glycym.eris pen- nacea Laraarck (feathered. J | Glycymeris pectinata Gmelin (La-t. pecte4 a comb. Shell fan- shaped. J" I Glycymeris spectralis JMicol (spectral.) I Glycymerj-s undata Linne"Tv^avy . ) Fo rme r ly known as Glycymeris lineata Reeve (lined, striped; with radiating lines. ) SUBORDER ANISOMYi\RIA (Gr. anisos, unequal -<- mya, a sea mussel. Unequal li^yaria.) I. SUPERFAMILY IIYTILACEA ••H", ' I 149 ' (Lat. mytilus, a sea-mussel.) Family Mytilidae. (Lat. mytilus, a sea-mussel.) a ) Genus Idas Jeffreys 187 6^ Tltlas, a Greek hero who killed Cas- tor and was killed by Zeus, Masc.) ^ ) Genus Crenella Brown 1827. (Diminutive of Lat, crena, a notch. The inner edge of the shell is notched, crenate, regularly indented. Fern.) c ) Genus Dacrydium_Tqr- e 1 1 _1 8 59 . ( D i m i nu t i - ve of Gr. dacrj^s, a tear; a little tear, drop. Neuter.) d) Idas argenteus Jeffreys ( s i 1 ve ry . ) e) Ge nu s ^ Mo di o lus La- marck 1799 . ~Xl at. a small measure, a drinking vessel .llasc.) Formerly known as Genus Volsella Scopo- li 17777rLat. kind of pincers, tweezers. Fem.) Volsella has now been officially rejected (Jan. 7, 1955). (Lat, crossec. crossing eacl:, Crenella decussata Montagu like an X; the striae are other at acute angles.) Crenella divaricata Orhigny (Lat. spread! apart, branching off at obtuse angles; \ obliquely striated.) i Crenella faba Miiller (Lat. faba, a kind] of bean;resembling a bean; oval-oblong^| QZ£Ii6ii§i_£l§:£ili^_X£Iliil (fragile.) i Crenella glandula Totten (gland, tonsil,] small acorn. Shell oval, rounded and | swollen. ) ': Crenella pectinula Gould (diminutive of p'ecten, a little comb; recalling a Pecten by its form.) Dacrydium vitreum Moller (vitreous, glassy, transparent.) Modiolus modiolus Linne (Lat. noun mean^ ing a small measure, a kind of drink- ing vessel. ) Modi olus americanus Leach ( Ame r i c an . ) Formerly listed as Modiolus tulipa or tuligus Linne (a tulip; yellowish or brcwn with dark purplish inside.) Modiolus demissus Sillwyn ( humb 1 e , imbedded m low; the lives among stones or soil in polluted waters.) M° diolus demissus plicatulus Lairiarck fplaited, ribbed; ornamented with many radiating ribs.) This shell is the same as Modiolus demissus Dillr/yn. Modiolus demissus granosissimus Sowerby Genus Brachidon t e s Sv/ainson 1840. "TGr . brachys, short i- odous, odont-, tooth. Near ligament are a- bout thirty tiny teeth. Brachj^dontes is a mis- spelling. Masc.) Tvery granulated; ribs cut transverse- ly into granules.) Brachidontes citrinus Roding (Latin citrus, citron tree; like a lemon. Periostracum is yellow, sometimes tin- ged with green. ) Brachidontes exustus Linne ( scorched, burned; black brown or red inside and out.) Brachidontes recurvus Rafinesque (bent; it is strongly curved. ) f ) Genus Amygdalum Me- gerle v o n Muhlfeld 1811. XT,a.t, noun meaning an almond. In spite of its neu- ter ending, it is feminine, ) g ) Genus Gregariella Monterosato 1885. (Lat, gregarius, liv- ing in flocks. ?em. Generally used as a subgenus of Vol- sella or Modiolus.) ^ ) Genus Mytilus Linne 1758. ]^Lat, a sea- mussel. Masc.) i ) Genus Musculus Ro- ding 1798. TLat. a mussel, Eussel-like shells, Formerly listed as Genus Mo- di olaria Beck 1858 . (i'rora modiolus, a small measure; re- calling a Modiolus. Masc, ) j ) Genus Botula M'drch 1853. (Lat. botulus, a sausage. Fern.) k) Genus Lioberus (Gr.' Dall 1898. (Gr. lei OS ; smooth -I- berus, meaning unknown. Masc^ 150 ; j Amygdalum papyria Conrad (paper; shell is! j fragileTT Formerly known as Modiolus I I arlporescens Dillvryn (having decorations | j arranged like branches of a tree; pos- \ terior slope is marked v/ith arborescent,! j blackish lines.) ! i Amygdalum polita polita Verrill & Smith j j~Csmooth, polished. ) j ! Amygdalum polita sagittata Rehder ( Lat . \ ' sagitta, an arrov/; shaped like an arrow-i J head, triangular. Has a triangular area \ :.. with transparent spots.) i Gregariella coralliophaga Gmelin ( Gr . I corallion, coral — phago, to eat; coral eater, nests in coral sand.) Gregariella opifex Say (artist.) Mytilus edulis Linne (edible; used as food. ) M;ytilus edulis pellucidus Pennant (bright, transparent. ) Musculus corrugatus Stimpson (corrugated, wrinkled; with ribs and wrinkles,) Musculus discors Linne (discordant, dif- ferent . ) Musculus laevigatus Gray (smooth; has no pronounced radial riblet.) Musculus lateralis Say (lateral; trans- versely oval; oblong.) Musculus niger Gray (black; shell is brownish-black. ) Muse ulus skomma McLean & Schxvengel ( Gr . skomma, a noun meaning a jest, joke; by way of a joke,) Musculus substriatus Gray ( somev/hat mark- _ ed v/ith striae, 1 Botula fusca Gmelin ( du sky ; dark-brown. ) surface is ! Lioberus castaneus Say ( chestnut-colored. ) ' Formerly known as Botula castanea Say. Lithophaga antillarum Orbigny (of the An- tilles, Antillean; occurs in the V/est Indies and South Florida.) 1 ) Genus Lithophaga Ro- i, (GJ^'li'thosJ Lithophaga nigra Orbigny (black; it is a stone -i- phago, to 1 dark brov/n or almost black.) ding 1798. (Gr. eat; stone eaters; perforating stones. Common name: Date Lithophaga bi sulcata Orbigny (Lat, bis, twice -I- sulcatus, furrowed; two-furrow- ed. Posterior end has two small radia- Shells. Fem. ) 151 ting furrov/s.) Lithopha^a aristata Dillwyn (pointed, sharp I with pointed tips at the poste- i_ rior end, ) II. SUPERS AMILY PTSRIACEA (Gr, pteron, a feather, a wing.) 1 . Family Isognomonidae. ( C-r carpenter's square, the Genus Isognomon So- lander 1786. "Xsame etymology as above. Known also as Genus Pedalion Dillwyn ^r, pedalion, a rudder? is neuter.) Isognomon in Latin & Greek is masc. ) isos, equal -^- Gr, & Lat, gnonnon, a gnomon or index of a sun-dial.) I Isognomon alatus Gmelin (wingedi fan- ; wing shapedT) ! Isognomon hicolor C.B.Adams (hicolor, of i t\70 colors . ) ! Isognomon radiatus Anton (rayed? with ra-! ""^n — "-^ ~ — — II ^ — ^^ - » dial stripes.) Formerly listed as Peda- i lion listeri Hanley (Lister's; named for, j Martin Lister, an English naturalist, ' about 1638-1712.) t Isognomon semiauritus Linne (half-eared, short-eared, ) 2, Family Pteriidae, Shells,) (Gr. pteron, a feather, a wing. Common name: Wing a ) Genus Pteria Scopo- li 1777, (Pteron, a wing. Fern, ) Pteria colymhus Rbding ( a noun meaning a diver. ; Pteria eximia Reeve (remarkable, uncommon Pteria hirundo vitrea Reeve (hirundo, a swallow; vitrea, glassy , vitreous; o- paque white, ) Pteria squamulosa Lamarck (Lat, squamula, a little scale; covered with little scales, ) Pteria xanthia Schv/engel (Gr. xanthos, ^yellow; color is yellow.) ) b ) Genus Pinctada Ro- ding 1798. (Etymo - logy unknown; may be derived from Lat. pincta, a pint, Fem. ) c ) Genus Fundella Gre- gori o_1884 TTciDii nu- tive of Lat, funda, a sling, purse , drag-net, Fem.) ! Pinctada radiata Leach (rayed; shell has radiating rows of scales. ) (This genus is also listed as Genus Margaritifera Schu- j macher (pearl bearing; the shell is very pearly,) Fundella candeana Orbigny (named for Fer- dinand de Cande, a French naval officer who collected shells in the Test Indies.) 3. Family Pinnidae. (Lat. pinna, same as penna, a feather, wing. Word used by Cicero, Pliny for a kind of mussel. V/edge-shaped, Common nar.ie; Sea Pen Shells,) a) Genus Pinna Linne 1758,(Fem7y {Pinna carnea Gmelin (flesh-colored; light I orange color .;( Pinna rudis Linne (rough, rugged) is not from the Western AtlanticP ^ !' ■ •:■: ) b ) Genus Atrina Gray 1842. (Lat . ater, atra, black-colored. Shell brown to brownr- ish black in color. Not unlike the old quill pen in appear- ance, Fern.) 152 Atrina ri(;;ida Solander (stiff) I Atrina serrata Sov^ferby (saw-toothed; many sharp spines,) wit] III. SUPERFAIvIILY PECTIITAGSA (Lat, pecten, pectinis, a comb; also a seashell, a scallop.) 1, Fainily Dimyidae. (Gr. dis, twice ->- myein, to close; shells having two separate lateral muscular impressions,) Genus Dimya Rouault j Dimya arpientea Dall ( s ilve ry , ) 1843. (Fem.) 2, Parflily Plicatulidae . (Lat, plicatus, folded, plaited. With radial ribs.yCCorriTiion name: Plait Shells) Genus Plicatula La- i Plicatula p;ibbosa Lamarck (humped; Its marck IBOlTIPlaited, ! surface is sculptured with strong radia-| Fern.) i ting ribs,) j • Plicatula spondyloidea Meuschen ( shaped I • I'ike a Spondyl'us, ) ' 3, Family Pectinidae. (Lat, pecten, pectinis, a comb; also a scallop, j Common name: Scallop Shells.) j i i Pecten raveneli Dall (Ravenel's; named j for Edmund Ravenel, an 7\merican concho- j legist.) Pecten tereinus Dall (Gr. teren, fern, tereina, smooth, soft, delicate. Shell fragile, thin. Color delicate,) Pecten ziczac Linne (zigzag; it has zig- ' zag lines on flat valve.) Pecten glyptus Verrill (Gr, carved, scul- ptured. ) Pecten acanthodes Dall (Gr, thorny, spi- a) Genus Pecten Kiiller 17767lMasc,T~ ny. Ribs are spiny,; Pecten heliacus pall_( of the sun, belong- is mottled and zoned upon a white sur- ing to the sun; it with pink or crimson face. ) Pecten gibbus Linne (humped; the shell is inflated.) Pecten irradians Lamarck (radiating; cov- ered with radiating ribs.) Pecten irradians amplicostatus Dall (mnyi to 15 strong ribs.) concentricus Say (con- ribbed';; has 12 Pecten irradians ! centric; more solid than P. irradians Lam-ji i Pecten gibbus nucleus Born (gibbus: hump- j ed; nucleus: a pit, kernel, llut Scallop.! i it is thin and small.) I " Pecten lineolaris Lamarck (with thin lines) a) Genus Pecten Miiller 1 7"7 6 . TMas c . TTOnly two genera, which are generally accepted as such, are used here, "because according to j Dr. Abhott the others cannot be justified on biological grounds] 153 Pecten muscosus Wood (moss-covered; often, covered with a growth of sponge; former-; ly called Pecten exasperatus Sowerby( j rough, because its ribs have erect spi- | nes. ) Pecten phrygius Pall (Phrygian, of Phry- gia, a country of Asia Minor.) Pecten antillarum Recluz (of the Antilles Antilleanj found in the Florida Keys and West Indies.) Pecten eulyratus Bayer (well shaped like a lyre; shell compressed, with a great number of ribs. ) Pecten nodosus Linne (knotty; ribs have raised knobs . ) Pecten nodosus fragosus Conrad ( Lat . f ra- gosus, rocky, rough; shell with rather large ribs and narrow interstices.) Pecten magellanicus Gmelin ( named from Magellan, the Portuguese navigator. )( Fop merly known as Pecten grandis Solander (large, giant; it may measure five to six inches. ) Pecten groenlandicus Sowerby (from Green land; off Newfoundland.! Pecten striatus Miiller (marked with stri- ae or fine grooves. 7" Pecten vitreus Gmelin (vitreous, glassy.) Pecten leptaleus Verrill (Gr. leptaleos, thin, fine, delicate; radial lines very thin and delicate.) Pecten nanus Verrill & Bush (dwarf; very small, 7 DimTy Pecten pustulosus Verrill (covered with blisters, granules.")" Pecten reticulus Pall (a small net.) Pecten strigillatus Pall (Lat. strigilis, a scraper; finely furrowed.) Pecten subimbrife r Verrill & Bush , o r imbrifer Loven "["bearing rains; covered v/ith small radial ribs and concentric ridges, ) Pecten dilectus Verrill & Bush (beloved, dear; surface covered with rather regu- lar undulations v/hich are crossed by re- gular well spaced radial lines.) Pecten fragilis Jeffreys ( fragile . ) i Pecten undatus Verrill & Smith ( w a ve d , I wavy, with concentric furrows and ridgesj) ! Pecten sigsbeei Pall ( Sigsbee ' s ; named i for Lieutenant Goimnander C. P. Sigsbee, U. I S. Navy, of the "Blake", 1877-1878.) I Pecten dalli E.A. Smith ( Pall ' s ; named ' for'William H. Pall,' an eminent American i raalacologist, 1845-1927.) ' Pecten papyraceus G;abb (paper; glossy, ! Y\fith no ribs.y I Pecten laurenti Gmelin (laurentian, per- taining to the St. Lawrence River.) "b ) Genus Chlamys Roding 1798. (Gr. and Lat. noun meaning a kind of outer garment, cloak or mantle v/orn by the Greeks. In both languages it is feminine. ) 154 ; Chlamys benedicti Verrill & Bush (Bene- i diet's; named for James E. Benedict, foi^ several years zoologist in charge on 1 the steamer Albatross.) ! Chlamys effluens Pall (present parti ciplej of Lat. verb effluere, to flov/ out|flow- ing out; striae diverging from the mid- dle of the valves.) Chlamys is land ic?. Muller (Icelandic; from Greenland to Capo Cod, Massachusetts.) Chlamys islandic?-: cost ejljl? . ta Verrill and Bush (finely ribbed; bo tli valves with radiating riblets.) Chlamys islandica insculpta Verrill ( en- graved, carved, y Chlamys liocymata Pall (Gr. leios, smooth -- cyraa, cymat-, a wave; with about 20 low rounded ribs.) Chlamys mildredae Bayer ( Mi Idr ed ♦ s ; named i in honor of Mrs. W. A. Royce, who first ! collected it.) i Chlamys ornata Lamarck (ornamented, ad- ' orned; it is spotted with red and purple I on white. Great variety of coloring.) i Chlamys sentis Reeve (Lat. sentis, a noun . meaning a thorn; ribs have minute sharp . scales. ) 4. Family Propeamussiidae. (Lat, prope, near, close to -'- amussium, a horizontal wheel for denoting the direction of the wind.) I Propeamussium cancellatum E.A.Smith ( j trellis-like, cross-barred.) Propeamussium holmesi Pall (Holmes'; na- med for Professor Francis S. Holmes.) Propeamussium pourtalesianum Pall ( Pour- tales^; named for Count Louis Frangois de Pourtales, a naturalist, 1823-1880. ) Propeamussium pourtalesianum marmoratum Pall (marble-like ; the shell is pale or mottled v/ith orange red, yellow or brown and combined v/ith opaque white spots.) ! Propeamussium sayanum Pall (Say's; named I for Thomas Say, an American conchologist, ' 1787-1834.) ■ Propeamussiijun thalassinum Pall ( Gr . tha- lassa, the seaj of the sea. ) 5. Family Spondylidae. (Gr, spondylos, a joint of the backbone, a vertebra; also the head of an artichoke, which these shells resem- ble. Common namej Spiny Oysters.) : Spondylus americanus Hermann ( Amer i c an . ) Genus Spondylus Linnei Spondylus echinatus Mar tyn( spiny ; shell Genus Prope amu s s i um Gregorio 1885. ( Sa- me etymology as a- bove. Neuter.) 1758. (Word already used by Seneca to de- note a spiny oyster, Masc.) bears spines. ) Spondylus gussoni Pa Costa ( Gu s s o n ' s . ) Spondylus ictericus Reeve (Gr. & Lat. jaundiced, yellow; same as spathulifer Sower by (bearing a spatula. 1 6. ramily Limidae« (Lat, lima, a face reminds one of a file.) 155 file, File Shells; their rasplike sur-;- a) Genus Lima Bruguiere 1797. (Fern. ) b ) Genus Limatula Wood 1839. (A diminutive of lima, a little file. Pern.) Lima lima Linne (original File.) Lima albicoma Pall (Lat, adjective, whitei- hai re d. ) ~ Lima scabra Born (rough; covered with i pointed scales; rough sculpture.) , Lima ten era Sov/erby (delicate; delicate radiating ribs and scales. More delicate and more finely ribbed than L. scabra.) j Lima hians Gmelin (gaping; it gapes wide- ly at anterior end.) Lima inflata Lamarck (inflated; shell is much inflated.) Lima pellucida C.B.Adams (very bright; shell is white, semi- translucent) and Lima antillensis Pall (Antillean) are the same. ) Limatula confusa E.A.Smith (mixed, in- distinct .y~ Limatula hyalina Verrill & Bush (glassy, transparent; shell thin, translucent.) Limatula laminifera E.A.Smith (Lat. lami- na, plate, layer -i- fero, to carry; has a structure of thin layers.) Verrill & Bush (knotty; c) Genus 1831. Lime a ( Same Bronn deriva- tion as Lima, a file, Eem. ) ' Limatula nodulosa I ribs are nodulose. ) j Limatula regularis Verrill & Bush (regu- ! lar; almost equilateral.! : Limatula subauriculata Montagu ( somewhat i eared; ovate-oblong; little ear File.) ! Limatula setifera Pall (having bristles, '• bristly. y~ [Lime a bronniana Pall (Bronn' s; named for j Professor Bronn of Heidelberg.) i Limea bronniana lata Pall (Lat, latus, j wide, broadTl ! Limea subovata Jeffreys ( somewhat ovate . ) IV. SUFERFAttlLY AMOMIACEA (Gr. anomoios, unlike, dissimilar, irregular; often imitating the ob- ject to which these shells are attached; unequal; shells having une- qual, irregular valves.) Family Anomiidae, Shells.] (Same etymology as above. Common name: Jingle a) Genus Anomia Linne 1758. (Holeless valve has 3 muscle scars. Fern, ) ^Anomia aculeata Miiller (prickly, thorny; I the upper valve is covered with prickly scales.) Anomia simplex Orbigny (plain, simple; smooth; the most common Anomia.) b) Genus Pododesmus Phi- f lippi 1857. (Gr. pous,! Pododesmus rudis Sroderip (rough, rugged; pod-, foot — desmos, ' irregular ridges with scaly growth lines; band, ligament. Ho- leless valve has on- ly two muscle soars, Masc, ) 156 also called Pododesmus decipiens Philipp^. (deceptive; false Jingle Shell. j '^j V. SUPERFAMILY 0STK5ACSA (Lat. ostrea, an oyster. Oyster Shells.) Family Ostreidae. (Same etymology as a'bove . ) a) Genus Ostrea Linne 1758, (]?em.) b) Genus Crassostrea XLat . Sacco 1897. thick H- crassus, ostrea, oyster, Thick oyster, Fem, ) Ostrea cristata Born (crested; is from i South America. ) i Ostrea equestris Say (equestrian; attache^ itself to some foreign object,) ; Ostrea frons Linne (leafy, leaf like; it i has a broad longitudinal rib in center j with lateral transverse folds,) \ Ostrea permollis Sowerby (very soft; li- ves in sponges, ) Ostrea weberi Olsson (^'/eber's; named for Jay A, V/eber of Miami, Florida.) Crassostrea virginica Gmelin (Virginian; found from Prince Edward Island to the West Indies and Texas,) Crassostrea rhizophorae Guilding ( Gr , bearing roots; rhizophora is the scien- tific name of the mangrove; Crassostrea of the mangrove,) I D. ORDER EULAMELLIBRAITCHIA ! (Gr, eu, well, good -- lamella, Lat, noun meaning a small or thin pla- ! te -I- Gr, branchia, gills. The gill filaments are united by cross- I channels,) I SLTBORDER HETERODOFTA I (GR. heteros, other, different -t- odous, odont-, a tooth. Having the I teeth differentiated.) ! I. SUPERFAl'IILY ASTARTACEA i (Gr. Astarte, a goddess of the Phenicians,) I j 1. Family Astartidae. (Gr, Astarte, a goddess of the Phenicians,) } Astarte arctica Gray (arctic; Greenland.) Astarte banksi Leach ( Banks ' . ) , Astarte borealis Schumacher (northern, j boreal; from Greenland to Massachusetts i Bay,) Astarte castanea Say (Chestnut; covered with a chestnut-brown periostracum, ) j Astarte castanea picea Gould ( pitch-pine ;j the periostracum is of a dark tar-colorjj Astarte castanea procera Totten (Lat. Genus Astarte Sov/er- "by 1816. (Fern.) 157 ; long, stretched, extended; light chest- j nut colored periostracum, great eleva- j tion of the "beaks; vertical a^xis longest,!) Astarte crenata Gray (notched, indented,)! Astarte elliptica Brown (elliptical.) ' Astarte fabula Reeve~TLat . a small bean.)j Astarte globosa M'dller (globe-shaped. globular. 7 Astarte globulus Pall (Lat. noun meaning a little globe; shaped like a little globe.) Astarte laurentiana soror Pall (laurenti- ana, from the St, Lawrence; Astarte lau- rentiana is a fossil of the St, Lawrence valley; soror: a sister; it is the liv- ing sister of the fossil Astarte lauren- tiana. ) Astaribe liogona Pall (Gr, leios, smooth ■+■ gonia, angleTl Astarte nana Pall ( dwarf , ) Astarte polaris Pall (polar; from Pavis Strait, ) Astarte pulchella Jonas (rather pretty.) Astarte quadrans Gould ( qu ad r at e ; " ba s al edge regularly rounded so that the whole shell is nearly a quadrant. "Gould & Binney.) Astarte smithi Pall (Smith's: reamed for a British naturalist, of the E.A.Smith, British Museum.) Astarte striata Leach (striated; marked with fine concentric lines.) Astarte subaequilatera Sowerby ( somewhat equilateral, ; Astarte subaequilatera whiteavesi Pall ( named for Pr, Joseph F. Whiteaves. ) Astarte undata Gould (waved; has very strong concentric furrows and ridges.) 2. Pamily Crassatellidae. (Lat, crassus, shells with ponderous hinge,) thick; rather thick. Heavy a ) Genus 3ucrassatella Iredale 1924. r~Gr. eu, v;ell, good ->.- Lat, crassus, thick. Formerly known as Genus Crassatella Lamarck 1801, which is a fossil, Fem, ) b) Genus Crassinella Guppy 1874. (Lat. crassus, thick, a little thick. For- merly listed as Gould i a C.B.Adams 18477rnamed for i Eucrassatella speciosa A, Adams (beauti- ful; the interior of the shell is glossy ivory with pink or tan.) Formerly calledj Eucrassatella gibbesi Tuomey and Holmes (gibbesi is the right spelling, not gib-i bsi, Tuomey thought the man's name was j Gibbes, when in reality it was Gibb,) i iCrassinella lunulata Conrad (lunate; oval- i lunate . 1 \ jcrassinella mactracea Lindsley (Lat. mac- j 1 tra, a kneading-trough; nearly quadrant-i i shaped.) j iCrassinella uarva C.B.Adams (small.) i 158 Augustus Addison Gould, M.D. , an A- merican naturalist, 1805-1866. )(Fem.) II. SUPERFA^IILY CARD IT ACS A (Gr, cardia, heart; these shells remind one of a heart. A little heartj 1, Family Carditidae. (Gr, cardia, heart.) [Cardita floridana Conrad (from Florida.) a) Genus Cardita Bru- jCardita gracilis Shuttleworth (graceful, puiere 1792. (gem7) slender 71 [Cardita dominguensis Orbigny (from Santo :_ Domingo, West Indies. ) jVenericardia armilla Dall (Lat. a brace- Venericardia "borealis Conrad (northern, boreal; found from Labrador to Cape Hat- teras. ) Venericardia horealis novangliae Morse (novangliae: of New England, Found from Newfoundland to Cape Cod.) Venericardia tridentata Say (three-too the< I; one valve has two teeth, the other only one. ) Venericardia perplana Conrad (very flat; ! flattened.! jVenericardia flabella Conrad (Lat, fla- fan. ) b ) Genus Venericardia Lamarck 1801. (Lat . Venus, Veneris, Venus -;- Gr. cardia, heart, Venus heart. Fem, ) 1 be Hum, a fan; shaped like a JVenericardia smithi Dall ( Named for E.A, I Smith, a British malacologist, of the ' British Museum.) 2. Family Corbiculidae. (Lat. corbicula, called Family Cyrenidae (Gr, Cyrene, a little basket.) Formerly the name of several nymphs.) a ) Genus Polymesoda Ra- finesque 182 8. ( Gr , polys, many -- mesos, middle, center. Sub- triangular in appea- rance, Fem.) b ) Genus Pseudocyrena Bourguignat 1854. (Gr. pseudes, false -.- Cyrene, a nymph. Considered before as a subgenus of Poly- mesoda. Fem.) ■Polymesoda alabamensis Clessin (from Ala- ! bama.) 1 Polymesoda caroliniana Bosc ( C ar o 1 i na ; ' found from the Carolinas to Texas.) I Pseudocyrena floridana Conrad (Florida; I it ranges from Florida to Texas.) i Pseudocyrena floridana protexta Conrad ! (v/oven in front, intertwined.") Pseudocyrena floridana sarasotensis Hen- ! derson (from Sarasota, West Florida.) 3. Family Cyrenoididae. (Gr, Cyrene, the name of several nymphs ->- oid-, ending denoting resemblance; resembling a Cyrena.) Genus Cyrenella Des- hayes 1855. (Fem.) i Cyrenella floridana Dall ( Fl o r i da , ) •'1 ■ ■■ -, <■■-. ■. • f.vj' ,;. 159 4. Family Arcticidae. (Lat, arcticus, arctic, northern.) Genus Arctica Schu- r macher 1817, Formerly i known as Genus Cy- | Arctica islandica Linne (Icelandic; it f rina Lamarck 1818, Lat, Cypris, ano- ther name of Venus, the goddess of Cy- prus.) (Fern.) lives from the Arctic Ocean to Cape Hatter as. ) 5. Family Kelliellidae. (A diminutive of Kellia, a shell named for J. 0 'Kelly of Dublin.) Genus Kelliella Sars [ Kelliella nitida Verrill (shining.) 18^5. (Fern.) |_ 6. Family Trapeziidae. (Gr, and Lat, trapezium, trapezium.) Genus Goralliophaga Blainville 1824, {"Gr , corallion, coral -i- phago, to eat; coral eater; coral dweller; Fem.) Coralliophaga coralliophaga Gmelin. 7. Family Sportellidae. ( Lat, sportella, a little basket.) a) Genus Sportella Des- hayes 1858. (Fem.) Sportella pllsbryi Dall (named for Dr. Henry A. Pilsbry, Curator of the Depart- ment of Mollusca, Academy of Natural j Sciences, Philadelphia, 1862- ,) 1 Sportella protexta Conrad (woven in fronl^ i intertwinedTl b) Genus Anisodonta r Deshayes 1858. ^Gr. I Anisodonta corbuloidea Dall (having the anisos, unequal, un- j appearance of Corbula or a basket.) even -i- odont-, j Anisodonta elliptica Recluz (elliptical.) tooth. Unequal teeth, ! Fem. ) j_ c) Genus Basterotia May-j er 1859^ (Named for j Basterotia quadrata granatina Dall ( qua- B.de Basterot, a I drata; quadrate; granatina: grained, French naturalist. ! rough.) Fem. ) i d) Genus Turtonia Alder ,- 1848. (Named for j William Turton, a Turtonia minuta Fabricius (very minute: writer of books on \ length: one twelfth of an inch.) Conchology, 1762-1835. ; Fem.) .. III. SUPERFAiMILY DREISSENACEA (Named for a Dr. Dreissens, a pharmacist from Mazeyk, Limbourg, Bel- gium. In Bulletins de I'Academie Royale des Sciences de Bruxelles, ', , t ■ . t - / •..X 160 j year 1835, p. 26, the shell is named Driessena, but on page 44 it is j called Dreissena. Dreissena is also used in Annales des Sciences Natu-| relies, 1835.) , Family Dreissenidae. (Dall called this family Dreissensiidae, whichi was more logical as the name of the pharmacist after whom the shell v/as m med was Dreissens.) Genus Congeria Partsch 1835. ITiat. noun meaning a heap, aggregation. Also called Genus Myti- lopsis Conrad 1857, which is considered on- ly as a Subgenus. Myti- lopsis is derived from mytilus, sea-mussel -i- opsis, aspect, appear- ance; resembling a My- tilus. Fern.) Congeria leucophaeata Conrad ( Lat . dark- colored, ashy gray. The periostracum is brownish. ) Congeria rossmassleri Reeve (named for Emil Adolf Rossmaessler, 1806-1867.) Congeria tenebrosa Reeve (dark.) IV. SUPEKFAMILY LUCINACEA (Lat, Lucina, the goddess of childbirth, Juno.) !• Family Diplodontidae. ( Gr, diploos, double -y odous, odont-, tooth; shells having a hinge with two cardinal teeth in each valve.) Also called Family Ungulidae (Lat, ungula, clav/, hoof, nail.) Diplodonta nucleiformis Wagner ( shaped like a kernelTT Diplodonta punctata Say (v/ith dots; in- terior shows punctate spots, ) Diplodonta torelli Jeffreys (Torell' s;na- med for Otto Torell, a Swedish natura- list, 1828-1900.) a) Genus Diplodonta Diplodonta notata Dall & Simpson (marked, branded; "surface with delicate growth Genus Diplodonta Eronn 1831. (Fem.) Formerly known as Genus Taras Risso 1826. (Tar as, a son of Neptune . ) lines, minutely pitted throughout ."Dall. ) Diplodonta semiaspera Philippi (half- rough. ) Diplodonta soror C.B.Adams (sister.) Diplodonta subglobosa C.B.Adams ( somewhat rounded, spherical. T~ Diplo donta venezuelensis Dunker ( Ve n e zu e - . la.T" Thyasira croulinensis Jeffreys (from Croulin Island. 1 Thyasira aequalis Verrill & Bush (equal; "species notable for the equality of the anterior and posterior ends. "Verrill & Bush. ) Thyasira gouldi Philippi (Gould's; named for Augustus A. Gould, M.D., an American naturalist, 1805-1866.) Thyasira grandis Verrill ( large . ) Thyasira granulosa Monterosato. (full of granules; granular.) -»: 161 1 Thyasira inaegualis Verrill & Bush (une- i qual; with the anterior end much the lon- & Bush ( remark-i Genus Thyasira La- marck 1818. (Proba- bly derived from Thyas, a "bacchante, a feciale votary of Bacchus, ) Formerly called Genus Cryp- 1 0 don Turton 1822 . {^r. crj'-ptos, hidden -I- odous, odont-, tooth; it has no distinct teeth in either valve. ) (^eni*) ger.) Thyasira insignis Verrill able, distinguished; shell unusually \ large and thick for the genus.) j Thyasira ovoidea Pall (egg-shaped.) j Thyasira plana Verrill & Bush (even, lev-i b) Genus Thyasira La- j el, flat; the length and height about { equal.) I Thyasira plicata Verrill (plaited; with i plications or folds . ) i Thyasira rotunda Jeffreys (round, circu- j lar. ) Thyasira sarsi Philippi ( Sar s ' . ) Thyasira trisinuata Orbigny (with three grooves. ) Thyasira tortuosa Jeffreys (twisted, tor- tuous .1 Thyasira brevis Verrill & Bush (small, short; length only 2 1/3 mmTT Thyasira cycladia S. lyood ( G r , cy c la s , cyclad-, round, circular.) Thyasira elliptica Verrill & Bush (ellip- tical; shell transversely elliptical and somewhat oblong.) Thyasira eumyaria M. Sars ( Gr , eu , well, good -»- mya, a clam. J Thyasira ferruginosa Forbes (Lat .ferrugo, iron rust; incrusted with ferruginous mud; iron rust colored.) Thyasira pygmaea Verrill & Bush (pygmy; shell minute, about 1.6 mm.l Thyasira simplex Verrill & Bush ( s i mp 1 e , plain; "this species is remarkable for the plainness of its surface and the sim plicity of its hinge." Verrill & Bush.) Thyasira subovata Jeffreys ( s omewhat ovate. 1 Thyasira succisa Jeffreys (cut off.) c ) Genus Leptaxinus Ver- | Leptaxinus incrassatus Jeffreys ( thi cken- rill & Bush 1898. (Gr.' ed, made thick. 1 leptos, small, thin ! Leptaxinus minutus Verrill & Bush (shell -I- axine, an ax.Masc^i minute, length about 2 mm. ) d ) Genus Axinopsis G.O . Sars 1878. (Gr. axine, an ax -.- opsis, as- pect, appearance. Looks like an ax.Fem.) Axinopsis cordata Verrill & Bush ( shell rounded or somev/hat cordate.; | Axinopsis orbiculata G.O. Sars (nearly cir}- cular, evenly rounded.] [ Axinopsis orbiculata inaequalis Verrill & Bush (unequal; "specimens of this specie^ show considerable variation in form and character of the hinge . ''Verrill & Bush.) 2. Family Lucinidae. (Lat. Lucina, the goddess of childbirth, Juno.) iLucina pensylvanica Linne (this is Linne'd ! spelling; Pennsylvania; found from Cape ■, -"-C S') Genus Lucina Bru- juere 1797. T^em.) b) c) Genus Phacoides Gray 1847 TTGr. phacoeides, | adjective meaning "li-i ke lentils, lentiformj shaped like lentils."! Shell is orlDicular, quite compressed. Masc.) 162 i . Hatter as to the West Indies.) ' Lucina sombrerensis Pall ( off Sombrero ^ Island, West Indie sT) ! Lucina leucocyma Pall (Gr, leucos, white j -I- cyma, a wave? shell has five "broad i radiating sulcations which produce on | the surface four broad rounded rihs, li-j ke waves; shell is pure white.) j Lucina trisulcata Conrad (with three fur-i rows.] ; Lucina floridana Conrad (Plorida.) Lucina multilineata Tuomey & Holies (with many lines; ahout twelve radiating ribs crossed by concentric ridges.) (Lucina crenella Pall (diminutive of crena, a notch; notched) is the same.) Lucina radians Conrad (rayed; gleaming; with radial lines.l Lucina amiantus Pall (unstained, undefi- led. Shell pure white with ribs crossed by strap-like threads.) Phacoides atlantis McLean (North Atlantic off Maryland. ) Phacoides filosus Stimpson (having thread^ covered v/ith thread-like lines and striae. ) Phacoides Genus Anodontia Link ' 1807. (An, privative, meaning without -i- odont-, tooth. Tooth- j less. Hinge without ' distinct teeth. ) (For- I merly called Loripinus Monterosato 1885. (Bow- legged, slow in walk- ' ing. I'oot is short.) ■ (Fem. ) b lake anus Bush ( of the Blake ; named for the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer "Blake".) Phacoides muricatus Spengler (scaly, spiny; has prickly scales, ) Phacoides nassula Conrad (diminutive of Lat . nassa, a small fisherman-basket; sculptured with concentric lines and ra- diating ribs; -woven; reticulated.) Phacoides pectinatus Gmelin ( fan- shaped ; recalling a Pecten by its sculpture.) Foremerly called Lucina (Phacoides) ja- maicensis Lamarck"~("Jamaica; found in Florida and the West Indies.) Anodontia alba Link (white.) Used to be called Loripinus chrysostomus Philippi (Gr. adjective meaning of the golden mouth, golden-mouthed. Color:mellow o- range. ) Anodontia philippiana Reeve ( Phi lippi ' s ; named for R, A. Philippi, 1808-1904.) Formerly known as Loripinus schrammi Crosse ( SchraiTim' s; named for A. Schramm, a French conchologist of Paris and Gua- deloupe, v/ho died in 1876.) ' Codakia cubana Pall ( C uba n . ) iCodakia orbicularis Linne (circular; shei:. d) Genus Codakia Scopolil quite circular, but rather flat.) 1777. (Named after leJCodakia orbiculata Montagu (rounded; sub- Codok, a Senegal shelli orbicular. J t Name given by Adan- son, a French explo- rer and naturalist, in 1757. Fern.) 163 iCodakia orbiculata filiata_Dall (having a relationship with the preceding one.) ' Codakia o rbiculata recurvata Pall (bent, curve d.y 'Codakia costata Orbigny (ribbed; surface 1 with radiating ridges crossed by concen- tric threads.) i Codakia pectinella C.B.Adams ( fan- shaped ; like a little Pecten. ) e) Genus Myrtea Turton 1822. Tiat. myrteus, myrtle- colored, dark green, Myrtea as a proper name refers to Venus, the god- dess to whom the myr- tle is sacred. Fern.) f ) Genus Pi varicella yon Martens 1880 . (Lat .divaricare, to spread, stretch a- part| obliquely striated. Fern,) 'ijyrtea lens Verrill & Smith ( lentil; shell' j with a greenish-gray periostracum. ) i 'Myrtea compressa Pall (compressed.) j { Myrtea sagrinata Pall (shagreened; looks j like shagreen leather; covered with i ' small granulations.) iPivaricella dentata Wood (toothed; its ! margin is toothed, especially the dorsal I margin; a species from the West Indies.) IPivaricella quadrisulcata Orbigny (four- I furrowed. ) a) Genus 1758. Chama^ TThe ( Linne :hc imas are attached by the left valve, and their umbones turn from right to left. Family Chamidae. (Gr, cheme, a gaping, Lat, chama, originally writ- ten chema, means a cockle. Common name: Gaping Cockles, so named from the gaping noticeable in this family,) Chama congregata Conrad (associated, as- sembled; found attached to other shells.) Chama florida Lamarck (from Florida.) Chama lactuca Pall (Lat. lettuce; upper valve has short concentric foliations.) Chama macerophylla Gmelin (Lat. macer, thin -"- Gr. phyllon, phylla, leaf, lea- ves, foliage; gaping cockle with copious thin foliations,) Chama sarda Reeve (Lat. sarda means cor- nelian or carnelian, a precious stone red in color. The upper valve, which is white, often has crimson rays; the lower valve is usually red inside and outside.) Chama sinuosa Broderip ( sinuous, wavy ; has many concentric ruffles of scales.) Chama sinuosa firma Pilsbry & McGinty ( firm, solid; thicker than sinuosa Brode- rip and heavier teeth.) Chama sinuosa bermudensis Ileilprin (from Bermuda; found from Bermuda to the Tor- tugas. ) Pseudochama inezae Bayer (Inez'; named for Mrs. Patterson.) Pseudochama radians Lamarck (gleaming; dull- Fem, ) b) Genus Pseudochama Odhuer 1917. (Gr. pseudes, false -i- Lat, cliama . Mirror images of Chama s. They are attached IS hy not very bright and colorful; it white to dull purplish red.) Pseudochama radians variegata Reeve ( va- r... the right valve and the umbones turn from left to right, Eem. ) c) Genus Echinochama P. Fischer 1887. (Gr. e- chinos, hedgehog h- chama, gaping cockle. Radial ribs with spi- nes. Spiny Charna.Fem.) 164 ried; scar is narrower and longer than in P. radians Lamarck 5 its width half the length or less.) Echinocliama arcinella Linne _ (a diminutive an ark 5 is fromj of area, a little chest, the West Indies to South America.) :■ Echinochama cornuta Conrad (with horns; 1 it has shorter spines than arcinella L.) V. SUPEREMILY LEPTONACEA (Gr. leptos, small, fine, delicate; lepton, a small coin.) Family Leptonidae. (Same etymology as above.) a) Genus Erycina La- marck ISOSTTs ry c i na , the goddess of Eryx, a mountain of Sicily having on its summit a temple of Venus; hence appellation of Venus, Fem. ) b ) Genus Bornia Philippi 1856. (Named for Born, a naturalist. Fem. ) c ) Genus Tellim^/a Brown 1827. (The first syl- lables of Tellina -•- mya, a sea-mussel, a Mya . ) ( Formerly known as Chironia Deshayes 1839. (Gr. Cheiron, Chiron, one of the Centaurs. Fem. ) d ) Genus Kellia Turton 1822. (Named for J. 0' Kelly of Dublin. Fem, ) ^ ) Genus Lepton Turton 1822. ( A small coin. Ileuter. ) Erycina emmonsi Pall (Emmons' . ) Erycina fernandina Pall (off Fernandina, Florida. ) Erycina line 11a Pall (a little line, string. ) Erycina periscopiana Pall (Gr. peri, a- round 1- scopein, to view; to watch a- } round; found off Cape Lookout, N. Carote. Bornia longipes Stimpson (long foot.) Tellimya suborbicularis gouldi Thomson ( suborbicular; named for Dr. Augustus A, Gould, a distinguished American natura- list, 1805-1866.) Kellia rubra Montagu (red; periostracum varies from greenish to red.) L Lepton lepidum Say (Lat. graceful, charm- ingT) ^) Genus IJysella Angas iMysella casta Verrill & Bush (pure.) 1877. (A little mus- sel.) Also known as Genus, Rochefortia Velain 1877. (Name d for Rochefort, a French naturalist.) Fem. ) jtHysella m.olleri Morch (Moller's; mmed I in honor of Moller, a naturalist.) Mysella ovata Jeffreys ( ovate , egg- shaped^ Uiysella planulata Stimpson (plane; flat, t compressed. ) i Mysella planulata tenuis Verrill & Bush ! ( thin, delicate 77 g) Genus Montacuta Tur- ton 1822. (Dedicated to G. Montagu, an English malacologist who died in 1815, Fern, ) h) Genus Aligena H.C. Lea 1845. ^From aligenes, sea-"born; epithet of Venus. Fem. ) i ) Genus EntovalTO, Voeltskow 1890. ( Gr . entos, inside, with- in -I- valva, valve, Pem. ) 165 JM^^sella striatula Verrill & Bush (surface j covered with fine concentric miscrosco- pic striae.) Mysella triquetra Verrill & Bush ( thre e- j cornered, triangular; shell somewhat j triangular.) iHysella tumidula verrilli Pall (Somewhat I swollen, inflated; named for Addison E. I Verrill, Professor of Zoology, Yale Uni- j versity, 1839-1927.) ^Ijlysella cuneata Verrill & Bush ( wedge - i. shaped, ) [Montacuta dawsoni Jeffreys (Dawson's; prof I bahly Sir John William Dawson, 1820-1899. i Montacuta limpida Pall (transparent.) Montacuta minuscula Dall ( r at he r sma 11.) Montacuta percompressa Dall (much compreaf I sed, flattened.) I Montacuta floridana Dall (Florida; found L on the West Coast of Florida.) Aligena elevata Stimpson ( elevated; "beaks acute, swelled. ) I Entovalva perrieri Malard 1905, Clench & ' Aguayo 1951. (Named for Edmond Perrier.) ■ Entovalva symmetros Jeffreys ( symme t r i ca 1 VI. SUPERFAMILY CARDIAGEA ( Gr, cardia, heart; heart-shaped.) Family Gardiidae, (Gr, cardia, heart; heart-shaped. Cockle Shells.) a ) Genus Trachycardium Morch 1855, (Gr. trachys, rough, i^ug- ged -f- cardia, heart. Neuter. ) Trachycardiiim isocardia Linne (Gr, isos, equal — cardia, heart; valves equal,) Trachycardium egmontianum Shuttleworth (from Egmont Key, Florida, ) Trachycardium magnum Linne (large, big; shell ranging from 55 to 90 mm, in I height; 67 mm, in length.) Trachycardium muricatum Linne (armed with '_ sharp points, Rihs have sharp scales.) Papyri dea soleniformis Eruguiere ( shaped like a Solen.) Called Papyridea hiatus Meuschen in Johnsonia (this name, accord- b) Genus Papyridea Swain-] ing to Dr. Abbott, is not valid; hiatus, a Lat, noun meaning a gap; shell is ga son 1840. (Lat , papy- rus, paper; paper- like, Fem, ) ping at both ends. Common name: Gaping Papyridea.) Forc-merly called Papyridea spinosa Meuschen, ( spiny, because ribs are spiny.) ;.■_! ;.- 1 C c ) Genus Trigoniocardia Pall 1900. (Gr. tri- gonos, three-corner- ed, triangular — cardia, heart. Fern.) d ) Genus Ii/[icrocardium Thiele 1934. (Gr. micros, small -t- cardia, heart. On account of ending, neuter, ) g) e ) Genus Laevicardium Swainson 1840. "(Tat . laevis, smooth -h cardia, heart .Neuteri) 166 I iPapyridea semi sulcata Sowerby (half- ■, furrowed; toward the middle of the shell! I the rihs "become wider, flatter and much 1 I smoother than on the anterior and poste- l rior slopes.) Trigoniocardia antillarum Orhigny ( of the Antilles! range: Florida Strait to the i '7est Indies.) i Trigoniocardia ceramida Pall ( Gr , c er ami s] ceramid-, a roof-tile, a tiled roof.) ; Trigoniocardia media Linne (middle, cen- j tral; anterior lateral and posterior lateral teeth about equal distance from . the cardinal teeth.) Microcardium peramabile Pall (very lovely,) Microcardium tinctum Pall (dyed, colored; color whitish tinted with pink or red.) Microcardium transversum Rehder & Abbott (transverse; shell transversely ovate. ) Laevicardium laevigati^un Linne ( Lat . laevi - gatum means "made smooth"; valves are polished, smooth; surnamed Egg Shell Cockle, ) Laevicardium mortoni Conrad ( Morton ' s ; named for Samuel G. Morton, an American naturalist, 1799-1851.) Laevicardium pictum Ravenel ( pai nte d ; co- lor: white or cream with shades of rose or brown. ) Laevi cardii;un sybaritici;un Pall ( sy ba r i t an ; shell thin, small, delicate, more infla- . ted than L. pictum.) f ) Genus Pinocardium Pall 1900. (Gr.deinos, huge, mighty -♦- cardia, heart.rleuter.) Genus Serripes Gould 1841. (Lat. serra, a saw^ -«- pes, a foot; so called "on account of the serrated mar- gin of the animal's foot. "(Gould & Binnqy) Masc.) h) Genus Clinocardium Pinocardiiim robustum Solander (robust, strong; height up to 104 mm.; length, 106 mm, ) Pinocardium robustxom vanhyningi Clenoh & L . C . Smi thTnajaed for T. Van Hyning, Pi- rector of the Florida State Museum, Gainesville, Florida.) Serripes groenlandicus Bruguiere (from Greenland; range: Greenland to Cape Cod, Massachusetts, ) Keen 1956. ( Gr.clineinj Clinocardium ciliatum Fabricius (Lat. to incline -i- cardia, heart, Shell obliquely' ovate, Heuter.) liaving eyebrows, eyelashes; the perios- tracura is fringed, fringe-like.) . V A. i ) Genus Cerastoderma Poll 1795. (Gr e e k cerastes, horny -i- derma, skin. Neuter.) 167 JGerastoderma elegantulum Beck (rather e- j j legantTl I ICerastoderma pinnulatum Conrad (Lat. pin-j : nula, a little feather; having a plume- ; like appearance; each rib possesses a I series of equidistant slightly arched scales.) VII. SUPER?AI'IILY VEI-IERACSA (Named after "Venus, Veneris, the goddess of love.) 1, Family Veneridae. (Same etymology as ahove.) a ) Genus Antigon a Schu- macher 1817. "Tprom Antigone, a daughter of OEdipus; also a daughter of Laomedon, Fern. ) b ) Genus Mercenaria Schumacher 1817. ^at , me r c ena ry ; was used in trading) Formerly called Ge- '^^ s Venus Linne 1758. Earned after Venus, the goddess of love.) (Fern.) c ) Genus Chi one Miihl- feld 1811. (Chi one , daughter of Boreas rigid; it is ;sur- Antigona listeri Gray (Lister's; named for Martin Lister, an English naturalist and physician, about 1638-1712) . Antigona callimorpha Pall (of a beautiful shape; beautifully shaped.) Antigona rigida Dillwyn (stiff, v/ith strong concentric ridges; from the West Indies.) ' Antigona rugatina Heilprin ( wrinkled , I face covered with peculiar lamellar ! ridges.) 'Antigona strigillina Pall (somewhat scul- '_ ptured like a Strigilla.) Mercenaria carnpechiensis Gmelin (Campeche: found in Yucatan, Texas and from Balti- more to Cuba. ) Mercenaria carnpechiensis alboradiata So- werby (Lat. albus, white -i- radiatus, rayed; it has brown rays on a paler ground. ) Mercenaria carnpechiensis subcajnpechiensis Palmer ( somewhat carnpechiensis . ) Mercenaria mercenaria Linne ( me r ce nary ; used in trade. ) Mercenaria mercenaria texana Pall (from Texas. ) Mercenaria mercenaria alba Pall ( whi te . ) Mercenaria mercenaria notata Say (marked, branded; shows zigzag purplish brown blotches and lines.) Me rcenaria mercenaria subradiata Palmer "fsomewhat rayed.) Chione cancellata Linne ( t re His- like, cross-barred; sculptured with concentric ridges and radiating ribs.) Chione intapurpurea Conrad (Lat. intra or intus, inside'"-!- purpura, purple; part of the interior is purplish.) Chione mazycki Pall (Mazyck's; named for V/illiam G. Mazyck, an American concholo- gist, 1846-1942.) Chione puber Valenciennes ( adult ; pub era is not correct Latin.) i :. ■: and Orithyia.Fem. ) d ) Genus Anomalocardia SchuiTiacher 1817. (Gr, anomalos, irregular -'- cardia, heart. Valves are pointed. Fern, ) e) Genus Dall ■biocyma 1870. (Gr. leios, cyma, wave; smooth —- neuter in Gr, & Lat., but there is an obso- lete Lat. cyma, which is feminine . ) f) Genus Tivela Link 1807. '{From le Tivel, name arbitrarily given to this type of shell bj'- Adanson in 1757. Fern.) 168 i Chi one subro strata Lamarck ( somewhat I rostrate, curved at the end.) ! Chi one granulata Gmelin (granulated; ra- diating ribs crossed by concentric rid- ges, forming sharp nodules on the ribs.) Chione grus Holmes ( Lat . a crane , ) Chione pygmaea Lamarck (pygmy; very small, 1/4 to 1/2 of an inch in length.) Chione latilirata Conrad (Lat. latus, wide, broad -*- liratus, having furrows; with wide deep furrows.) Chione paphia Li nne (Paphian, of Paphus; epithet of Venus from her temple in . Paphus , ) "Anomalocardia brasiliana Gm^elin (Brazili- an; from the West Indies to Brazil.) | Anomalocardia cuneimeris Conrad ( Lat . | cuneus, a wedge -^ Gr, meris, shape ;wed-[ ge-shaped; pointed into a wedge-shaped . rostrum at the posterior end.) Liocyma fluctuosa Gould (wavy; "surface v/ith recurved, concentric waves vanish- ing at the sides," (Gould & Binney.) Liocyma fluctuosa brunnea Dall ( me di eval Lat. brunus, brov/n; brov/nish, ) I Tivela floridana Rehder (from Florida.) Tivela mactroides Born (Lat. mactra, a eidos. kneading-trough -<- Gr, vela shaped like a Mactra.) shape. Ti- S ) Genus Transennella \ Transennella conradina Dall ( C onrad ' s ; Conrad, an American Dall 1833. transenna, lattice work. centric lines ed by radiating li- nes. Fem, ) (Latin a net, Con- cross- h) Genus Pitar Rbmer 1857. (From le Pitar, m med for Timothy A. conchologist, 1804-1877.) Transennella cubaniana Orbigny (Cuban; found from the Florida K6ys to the West Indies. ) Transennella stimpsoni Dall ( S t imp s on ' s ; named for William Stimpson, an American zoologist, 1832-1872.) Transennella culebrana Dall & Simpson (from Culebra Island, Puerto Rico. ) Pitar albida Gmelin (white; all white in color. ) Pitar fulminata Menke (provided with thunderbolts; decorated \7ith zigzag spots as if hurling lightning.) Pitar morrhuana (Linsley) Gould (Lat. morrhua, codfish. Found in the stomach of codfish.) Pitar simpsoni Dall (Simpson's; named for Charles Torrey Simpson, collaborator of 7 '> ■ ..i':-:^-' '■' 1 name arbitrarily given to thi s type of shell "by Adanson in 1757. Used in the feminine hy con- chologists. ) 169 William H. Dall.) Pitar zonata Pall (with zones, "bands.) Pi tar cordata Sch\?yengel ( He art- shape d . ) Pitar vesica Dall (a "bladder; rounded 0 va te 71 Pitar pilula (Dall) Rehder (a pill; shell small, smooth; height 5.9mm.; length 6 mm.; breadth 4.2 mm.) Pitar venusta Dall (graceful, elegant.) Pitar dione Linne ( Dione, the mother Venus.) of i) Genus Gouldia C.B. Adams 184 5. rNamed for Augustus Addi- son Gould, M.D.,an American naturalist, 1805-1866.) In John- son's List, Gouldia was the tb me of what is now Genus Crassi- nella Guppy 1874. Genus Gouldia of the "Veneridae Pamily was formerly known as Gafrariiom Rbding 1798 ^Gaf rarium v;as proba- bly for Grafarium, a point, a style; shell! is trigonal-ovate. i Gafrarium was neuter.) i Gouldia is f em. ) *- j ) Genus C allista Poli | 1791. ^Superlative of! calos, beautiful ;veryj beautiful, Fem, ) i Gouldia cerina C.B.Adams (waxy; color white or yellowish white.) Gouldia insularis Dall & Simpson ( Lat , insula, an island; of an island; found in Puerto Rico. ) k) Genus I'lacrocallista Meek 187 6. {"Gr. mac- ros, long in extent -•- callista, very beautiful. Long and very beautiful shell, Pem, ) 1 ) Genus Callo c a r d i a^ A . Adams_1864 , "To alio may be taken from Lat. callosus, cal- lous, hard, or from the Gr. calos, beau- tiful -!- cardia, a heart, Callocardia may then mean hard heart (the shell is strongly inflated) , or beautiful heart. Fern, ) Callista eucymata Dall (well waved; with 50 concentric ridges separated by deep grooves. Formerly listed as Pitar eucy- mata Dall. ) 'Macrocallista nimbosa Solander ( rai ny ; the shell is pinkish gray with lilac bands arranged in rays. It reminds one of rain falling on a sunny day.) Macrocallista maculata Linne ( spotted; with brownish red blotches.) Callocardia texasana Dall ( from Texas ; found from Louisiana to Texas; listed in Abbott's American Seashells as texasianai) ! ( m) Genus Dosinia Scopo- li 17777TFrom the Senegalese Dosin, name of this type of shell! described hy Adanson, 1757, rem.) n) Genus Cyclina Des- hayes 18 50,(Gr . cy- clos, a circle, ring; also called Cycli- nella Pall 19027rA diminutive of Cycli- na; a small ring.) Shell is suborbicu- lar. Fern.) 170 i Dosinia concentrica Born (concentric; de-| corated v/ith concentric ridges.) j Dosinia discus Reeve (a disc. Shell re- ; minds one of a disc by its circular out- line and flat shape,) Dosinia elegans Conrad (elegant.) JCyclina tenuis Recluz (small, fine, deli- i cate . ) o) Genus Gemma Deshayes 1855. (Lat. a gem, a jewel. Surface shi- ning; color pale la- vender; interior: white and purple. Called the Amethys- tine Gem, Fem. ) j Gemma gemma Totten ( gemlike . ) Gemma gemma manhattanensis Prime ( found i in East River, Manhattan, New York, neari I Hell Gate.) i Gemma purpurea H.C.Lea ( purplish; "yellow- ish, v;hite or rosy with the umbones and ; posterior end usually amethyst color." ' (Austin C. Apgar.) ! Gemma fretensis Rehder (from a sound, a '_ channel; collected in Long Island Sound.") P) Genus Parastarte Con- ,- rad 1862. (Gr, para. beside, near -i- As- tarte; close to an Astarte, looks like one, Fem, ) i Parastarte triquetra Conrad (Lat. three- ! cornered, triangular, ) Family Petricolidae. ( Lat . dwell. Rock dv/ellers.) petra, a rock -i- colere, to inhabit, to a) Genus Cooperella Car- j Cooperella atlantica Rehder (Atlantic; penter 1864. (From ! collected off Peanut Island, Lake Worth, the proper name j Florida.) Cooper. Fem, ) l ^ ) Genus Petricola La- marck 1801. ( The en- ding ''cola" should be considered masc.) c) Genus Rupjllaria Fleuriau 1802 . fLa t . rupellu.s, diminuti- ve of rupes, rock, stone. Fem.) Petricola lapicida Gmelin (lapicida is a masculine noun in Latin; it means a stone cutter. It bores in coral.) { Petricola pholadif ormis Lamarck ( Gr . j pholas, lurking in a hole -'- Lat. forma, i shape, form; looks like a Pholas; Pholas- j shaped; thin, elongate, cylindrical.) 1 Petricola pholadif ormis latus Pall ( 1 a t u s ^ i v/ide, broad; it is broader than the pre- I ceding one.) i Rupellaria cancellata Verrill ( trellis. ! like, cross-barred, y I Rupellaria typica Jonas ( ty pi c al , ) VIII. 171 SUPERFMIILY TELLIITACEA (Gr. telline, a kind of shell fish. Tellins.) 1. Family Tellinidae. ( Same etymology as atove.) a) Genus Tellina Linne 1758, TEem.) Tellina laevigata Linne ( smooth; shell nearly Tellina smooth, ) radiata Linne (rayed; it has ! hands of pink or red radiating from the I heaks ; called Rising Sun Tellin.) ' Tellina radiata unimaculata Lamarck ( spotted only once; single color of a u- niform yellow, no pink rays.) Tellina interrupta Tood (interrupted;' posterior end is rostrate, curved,) Tellina agilis Stimpson (agile; formerly known as Tellina tenera Say( tender, del-j icate; shell thin, small, with very del- icate concentric lines,) Tellina mera Say (pure, unadulterated.) Tellina pauperata. Orbigny ( empoverished, made poor; shell small, posterior end short, straight.) Tellina promera Dall (closely allied to 1 Tellina mera with which it is easily j confused.) ' Tellina simplex Orbigny (simple, plain; I has no strong pink coloration.) I Tellina sybaritica Dall (sybaritan; smalli delicate 5 shining with a silky lustre, | deep rose-pink crimson.) I i Tellina tampaensis Conrad (from Tampa, Florida.)" Tellina tenella Verrill (rather delicate.) Tellina texana Dall ^from Texas,) Tellina sayi Dall fnamed for Thomas Say, a dis- tinguished American naturalist, 1787-1834) Tellina versicolor DeKay (of various co- lors; white with pink rays.) Tellina rubricata Louise M. Perry (marked with red; color pale pink with rays and dots of deeper pink.) Tellina candeana Orbigny ( named for Fer- dinand de Cande, a French ra val officer who collected shells in the West Indies^ Tellina iris Say (rainbow; surface marked with oblique grooved lines; yellow ray at umbones. ) Tellina similis Sowerby (similar, like.) I Tellina magna Spengler (large; the large sli ! of the group.) Tellina alternata Say (alternate; decora- ted with parallel concentric lines, ev- ery other line disappearing on the pos- terior end.) Tellina angulosa Gmelin (angled, angular; shape triangular-ovate.) Tellina georgiana Dall (from Georgia; b) 172 : it ranges from North Carolina to the ! West Indies.) j Tellina lineata Turton (lined; has many ! concentric lines.) j Tellina americana Pall (American.) : Tellina aequistriata Say (equally fur- rowed or channeled; surface covered | with fine concentric lines.) i Tellina crystallina \7ood (crystalline; ! shell is dull v/hite; interior glossy.) j Tellina gouldi Hanley (Gould's; named foij Dr. Augustus A. Gould, an American mala-! cologist, 1805-1866.) Tellina martinicensis Orbigny ( from Mar- tinique; ranges from Florida to the Westj Indies. ) Genus Arcopagia Brovmr 1827. (Maybe from ar-! ca, ark, or arcus,arcl | -<- pagios, firm, fasti Arcopagia fausta Pultney (favored, fortu-l solid. Hinge strong, ] nate. ) Formerly known as Tellina fausta^j rather heavy; muscu- J i lar impression large,! Fem, ) L Genus Strigilla Tur- ton 1822. (Lat. stri- gilis, a scraper. Surface sculptured with concentric lines crossed by oblique lines. Fem. ) Strigilla carnaria Linne ( flesh- colored; shell reddish. y Strigilla mirabilis Philippi ( admirable . ) Formerly known as S. flexuosa Say (Lat. flexus, a bending; surface sculptured with zigzag parallel lines. )( Shell is all white and shiny.) Strigilla pisiforrais Linne ( pea-sliaped; small, somev/hat inflated, oval.) Strigilla rombergi M'drch (Romberg's.) d) Genus Phylloda Schu- r macher 1817. ( Gr. like I Phylloda squamifera Deshayes (bearing leaves, leaf-like. j scales; has strong crenulations ; former- Fern.) ; ly listed as Tellina squamifera.) e) Genus Q.uadrans Bertin, Q.uadrans linteus Conrad (linen; pure 1878. (A quadrant. I white in color; with close, sharp, con- Masc. ) j centric ridges.) Formerly listed as ' Tellina lintea Conrad. f) Genus Tellidora H. &..A^- Adams 1856. (The f irstTellidora cristata Recluz (crested, with' two syllables of Tel- \ a crest; with strong crenulations on ! lina -!- Gr. dora, gift' dorsal margins.) i or dora, skin. Fem.) '■ , Macoma balthica Linne (Baltic; from the ' Arctic Ocean to Georgia.) Macoma calcarea Gmelin (limy, chalky ; the i shell is v;hite.T~ i Macoma cerina C.B.Adams ( waxy . ) I Macoma constricta Bruguiere ( constricted,| g ) Genus Macoma Leach 1819. "Tone of these names invented by Leach for their eu- phony. Coined maybe from the Greek word macos, length, or, as an article in Journal of Concho- logy, 1900, vol. 9, no. 9 informs us, from the Hebrew word makora, a place. Fern, ) 173 contracted; the posterior end has a folc which gives the shell a contracted ap- pearance. ) Macoma inflata (Stimpson) Dawson ( inf la- tedTT Macoma krausei Hall (Krause's; named for A. Krause.y Macoma leptonoidea Pall (resembling a Lepton.l Macoma mitchelli Dall (Mitchell's.) Macoma orientalis hendersoni Rehder ( o- riental; typical Macoma orientalis is from Samana Bay, Dominican Republic; hendersoni, named for John B. Henderson, Jr. who dredged it near Miami, Florida.) Macoma phenax Dall (Gr. a cheat, an im- postor; it bears a deceptive likeness to a Tellina. ) Macoma tenta Say (Lat. tentus, stretched out, extended, narrowed; shell is oval, rather elongated.) Macoma tenta souleyetiana Recluz ( Sou- leyet's; is the same as the preceding one . ) Macoma orientalis Dall (oriental, east- ern; from Samana Bay, Dominican Republic Macoma tageliformis Dall ( shaped like a Tagelus. j Macoma brevifrons Say (Lat. short front; posterior end short and truncated.) Macoma extenuata Dall (thin, slender.) Macoma limula Dall ( Lat. little file; shell is finely granular.) h ) Genus Apolymetis Sal- - isbury 1929. (Salis- bury first called it Polymetis. ^Then it was pointed out to ' him that this name had already been u- sed by \7alsingham in 1903 for an insect, he proposed Apolyme- tis, that is: "a", privative, not -■- polymetis; not a Po- lymetis, Fern.) Apolymetis intastriata Say (Lat, intra oi intus, inside — striatus, striate; marked with striae inside.) Family Semelidae. (Gr. Semele, the mother of Bacchus.) a) Genus Semele Schu- macher 1817. (Fern. ) Semele bellastriata Conrad (beautifully striated. Surface covered with radia- i ting ribs on strong concentric ridges. j Shell yellow or purple, often rayed.) I Semele nuculoides Conrad ( shaped like a j Mucula, a little nut,T~ i Semele proficua Pultney ( u s e f u 1 . ) I Semele purpurascens Gmelin ( turning pur- b ) Genus Cumingia So- werby 1855. (Named for Hugh Cuming, a celebrated English collector, 1791- 1865. Fem. ) c) Genus Abra Lamarck 1818. (Gr. abros, fern, abra, grace- ful, pretty, Pern.) 174 pie; umbones are purple; surface has some purple; interior often is purple.) Semele radiata Say (rayed; has some ra- dial rays of pink.) Cumingia coarctata Sowerby (contracted, comipressed; upper edge declining; in the left valve there is a compressed cardinal. ) Cumingia tellinoides Conrad (resembling i a Tellina, "Its warped, slightly folded] I end gives it the aspect of a Tellina", ■ I v/rite Gould & Binney.) i i Cumingia vanhyningi Rehder (Van Hyning's°^ ; donated by Dr. T, Van Hyning, of the j ' Florida State Museum.) j I ! I Abra aequalis Say (equal; somewhat qua- j I drate, even and smooth.) j ' Abra lioica Sail (Gr. leios, smooth; shel]^ ! smooth and shining.) ! Abra longicallis americana Verrill & Busl;, "(from longus, long -<- call-, beautiful, long and beautiful; American.) arrow; a kind 3. Family Donacidae. (Gr. and Lat . donax, a reed, dart, „ of shell fish already mentioned by Xenocrates and Pliny. Some say this shell derives its name from its shape; it resembles the bar- bed head of a dart or javelin. Common names V/edge Shells.) ! Donax denticulatus Linne (toothed; inner margin is toothed. ) Donax fossor Say (digging.) Donax fossor protractus Conrad (lengthen- ed, prolongedTy Donax roemeri Philippi (Roemer's; named for E. Roemer, a German conchologist v/hc died in 1874.) Donax striatus Linne (striated; it has many radial threads.) Donax tumidus Philippi (inflated; beaks are swollen and the shell is very stout and more inflated than the others.) Donax texasianus Philippi (from Texas; ranges from Texas to Vera Cruz, Mexico.) Donax variabilis Say (variable; very many color combinations.) a) Genus Donax Linne 1758. r~Masc . ) b ) Genus Iphigenia Schumacher 1817 . {"From Iphigenia, the daughter of Agamem- non. Fern.) Iphigenia brasiliensis Lamarck ( Brazi li- an; found from Florida to Brazil, Called brasiliana in Johnson's List.) 4. Family Sanguinolariidae. (Lat. sanguis. They are pink or red-colored. ) blood; blood-colored shells Sanguinolaria cruenta Solander (blood- stained.) Also called S. s anguinolenta a ) Genus Sanguinolaria Lamarck 1799. ( Pern. ) b) Genus Asaphis Modeer 1795. (From the Gr. asaphes, indistinct, dim, faint, Fem* ) c) d) Genus Ta^elus Gray 1847. (From le Tagal, name arbitrarily giv- en to a Senegalese shell "by Adanson in 1757, Masc.) Genus Heterodonax Mbrch 1855. (Gr. heteros, other, dif- ferent — donax,reed, dart, A different Donax, Masc) 175 I Gmelin (bloody, blood-red|) (shell whitej I spotted with rose or entirely rose; in- ; \ terior pink.) i Isanguinolaria operculata Gmelin (having ! i the shape of an operculum. ) j I Asaphis deflorata Linne (deflorata is u- ! ] sed here in the meaning of carefully cho+ I sen, selected; gaudy, colors varied;whi-! i tish, straw colored, salmon, reddish, j '_ violet, sometimes faintly rayed,) | fTagelus plebeius Solander (plebeian ) .For-I' \ merly listed as Tagelus gibbus Spengler , ' (humped, convex; shell stout. ) ; Tagelus divisus Spengler (divided, sepa- | ' rated; has a band of reddish purple ■ ■ passing from the beaks across the shell.) 'Heterodonax bimaculatus Linne (twice- j I spotted. Shell generally has two colors, ', white and purple. It may have a great I variety of colors.) e) Genus Gari Cher 1817. I Gari vaginoides Reeve (shaped like a sheath or scabbard; shell oblong, convex Schuma- (Gari i s the genitive case of Garum, meaning a sau- ce or pickle made of shellfish, writes Dall, Rumphius, alias G.E.Ruinpf, a German i naturalist, 1657-17 06; used it as a specific! name for a Tellina. ' Masc.) SUBORDER ADAPEDONTA (Gr. "a", without — dapedon, floor or base. Cardinal plate is not for-| me d . ) I. SUPSREAMILY SOLENACEA (GR. Solen, a pipe, tube. Shells greatly elongated. Common name: Razor Shells.) Family Solenidae. ( Same etymology as above , ) a ) Genus Siliqua Miihl- feld 1811. ( Lat, siliqua, a pod, husk. Pod Shells. Pern, ) j Siliqua costata Say (ribbed; vertical I ribs inside; "with a riblike, white rid- j ge extending from the umbo nearly across ! the inside of the shell" . ( A.C .Apgar . ) ISLiqua squama Blainville (Lat. meaning a i scale; scaly. Periostracum rough at pos- 1. terior end. ) b ) Genus Bnsis Schuma- ' Ensis di rectus Conrad (straight.) -.1 :ol:. M o;: ... i «*j ' I'S I. f i .1. 'J j:-j vL'^^^'-r, ;■! /^ 'f'.\ . 1 -■ •♦ ; ■'. . o3-)0 ;■ ;'0.!:j :v *,» .1 *;; ("; :I- I c) d) Cher 1817. (Lat. ensis, a sword; shells are scabbard- shaped. Masc.) Genus Solen Linne 1758. (Gr. a pipe, tube. Masc.) 176 Ensis minor Dall (smaller; only 3 inches in length, ) Ensis megistus Pilsbry & McGinty (Gr. me- gistos, superlative of megas, big, great; the greater; it is greater than minor; . it reaches five inches.) Solen viridis Say (green; periostrac\;un is light greenT] Genus Solecurtus r Blainville 1825. ( From Solen -i- curtus, Solecurtus cumingianus Dunker (named for i short. Short Solen.) Formerly known as Psaimnosolen Risso 1826. (Gr. psammos, sand ->• solen, tube.) Masc. ) Hugh Cuming, a celebrated English col- lector, 1791-1865.) Solecurtus sanctaemarthae Orbigny ( of Santa Marta • ) II. SUPEREAMILY IIACTRACEA (Gr. mactra, a kneading-trough. Common name; Beach Clams.) 1. Family Mactridae, (same etymology as above.) a ) Genus Mactra Linne 1767. (Fern.) b ) Genus Spisula Gray 1857. (lat. spissus, thick, compact. Fern, ) I Mactra fragilis Gmelin (frail, fragile; 1 shell thin, fragile. ) Spisula solidissima Dillwyn (very strong and solid; shell heavy, thick; hinge very strong.) Spisula solidissima raveneli Conrad ( na- med for Edmund Ravenel, M.D,, an Ameri- can conchologist. ) Spisula solidissima similis Say ( si mi 1 ar , like; but less heavy than Spisula soli- dissima Dillwyn.) Spisula polynyma Stimpson (Gr. polys, ma- ny -•- nerna, thread, filament. "Near the lower angle the epidermis is very coar- i sely and loosely wrinkled; the surface ' has a rugged appearance from the coarse ' lines of growth." Gould & Binney,) c) Genus Mulinia Gray [Mulinia lateralis Say (lateral.) 18 57 , ( One of the se | Mulinia lateralis corbuloides Deshayes meaningless names .resembling a Corbula, a little basket.) invented by Gray.Fem.)' d ) Genus Labiosa Moller ," 1852. (Labiose, la- | biate? posterior end i Labiosa lineata Say (lined; decorated slightly gaping, ) Also! with fine regular lines.) listed as Genus Ana ti-i Labiosa plicatella Lamarck (ribbed, plai- na Schumacher 1817. ! ted'.') Also called Anatina canaliculata (Lat. anas, anatis,a j Say (channeled; it has concentric groo- duck; a little duck; j ves.) .';; -ri: •■'.I- Rang! a cuneata Gray (wedge-shaped.) cuneata nasuta Pall (with a shuTd- it is more rostrate than the ty- 177 shell "bears a rough resemhlanoe to a duck's "beak, accord- ing to Ghenu. Common name: Duck Shells.) (Pern.) e) Genus Rangia Desmou- - lins 1852. (Named af- ter Sander Rang.) Also called Genus Gnathodon Gray 1851. (Gr. gnathos, jaw — odous, odont-, tooth. "Peculiar hooked or .jaw- shaped anterior lateral." Dall.) Gnathodon is masc. Rangia is fe m. ) 2. Family Mesodesmatidae. (Gr, raesos, middle, in the middle ^- desma, a band, ligament. Ligament mostly internal, between the hinge- teeth. ) Mesodesma arctatum Conrad (pressed, com- pressed; lateral teeth compressed; be al-cs a) Genus Mesodesma Pes- ' very slightly elevated.) hayes 1850. (Ile'uter. )) Mesodesma deauratum Turton (gilded; "sur- I face covered by a coarse, dusky brov/n ! epidermis." Gould & Binney.) Rangia nose; pical cuneata.) Rangia flexuosa Conrad (bent; posterior end is flexed.) b) Genus 1822. Eryilia ITat. Turton ervilia, I a small lentil (seed : of the leguminous ' plant.) Lentil- shapedj Lentil shell. Fem. ) Ervilia concentrica Gould (concentric; with concentric lines, though weak.) Ervilia nitens Montagu (shining, lustroui white usually v/ith pink spots.) Ervilia rostratula Rehder (somewhat ros- trate; posterior end is slightly ros- trate, pointed.) Family Hiatellidae. (Lat, hiatus, a gap, aperture. Shells gaping.) Formerly known as Family Saxicavidae (Lat. saxum, a rock — cavare, to hollow. They are stone borers.] a) genuB Hiatella Dau- din led 1801. Genus Also Saxi cal- cava Fleuriau 1802. (E- tymology Both are above, fem.) Hiatella arctica Linni (Arctic; ranges from Greenland to the V/est Indies.) Hiatella pholadis Linne (Gr. pholas,pho- lados, lurking in a hole) is the same as arctica.) Hiatella azaria Dall (derived from Gr. aza, dirt, mould on things; covered witl; strong epidermis.) Hiatella striata Fleuriau (with striae.) b) G e nus Cyrtodaria TPaudin 1799) Cuvier ^ ISOoTTGr. cyrtos,con-i vex, curved, arched j -I- deros, long.Daudin' named it Cyrtodaire. Cyrtodaria siliqua Spengler (Lat. a pod, husk; like a pod, a Siliqua.) Cyrtodaria kurriana Dunker ( found in arctic waters. Named for Professor Kurr of Stuttgart, Dunker' s friend.) ii.ti '■■^^^I^^y^ •i ' i",'. .. h. c ) Genus Panomya Gray 1857. ^The first two syllables of Panope -!- raya, a sea musseL Fern. ) d ) Genus Panope Menard 1807, (Named after Panope, a IJereid, a sea nymph. Fern.) 178 Panomya arctica Lamarck (arctic; circum- polar; found from the Arctic Ocean to Georges Bank, ) ' Panope bitruncata Conrad ( cut I both ends seem to be chopped i_ gaping at both ends.) off twice; off; it is III. SUPERPAMILY MY ACE A (Gr, and Lat, myax, myac-, a sea-mussel,) 1. Family Myacidae. ( Family Myidae would be more logical.) (Same ety- mology as above.) a ) Ge nus Llya Linne 1758. (Same as myax, a sea- mussel. Fern.) b ) Genus Paramya Conrad 1860, (Gr. para, be- side, near ->- mya,a sea-mussel. Looks somev/hat like a lilya. Fern,) Mya arenaria Linn^ (sandy; lives buried in sandTT Mya truncata Linne (shortened; truncate; posterior end seems to be chopped off,) Mya truncata uddevallensis Forbes (from Uddevalla, Sweden, } Paramya subovata Conrad ( somewhat ovate ; shaped like an egg, but having one end broader, ) 2, Family Corbulidae, (Lat, corbula, a little basket. ) a ) Genus Corbula Bru- gulere 1792. (Fern,) b ) Genus Vari corbula Grant & Gale 1931. Corbula barrattiana C.B . Adams (Barratt's) Corbula contracta Say (Contracted; ante- rior end rounded; a ridge running from the beaks to the posterior end gives the shell a contracted appearance,) Corbula cubaniana Orbigny ( Cuban , ) Corbula cymella Dall"T Lat. & Gr, cyma, j a wave, billow; wavy; wave-like sculp- ; ture.) ' Corbula dietziana C,B,Adama (Dietz' . ) ! Corbula chittyana C.B.Adams (named for '< Edward Chitty, a student colleague of \ C.B. Adams.) ' Corbula k.joeriana C, B.Adams ( Kj o er ♦ s . ) i Corbula krebsiana C.B.Adams ( Krebs ' ; na- ^ med for Kenry Krebs of St. Thomas, West j Indies.) ' Corbula nasuta Sowerby (snub-nose; poste- ' rior end seems to have been pinched.) I Corbula swiftiana C.B.Adams (named for Robert Swift, an American who died in I Saint Thomas, ^lest Indies, 1796-1872.) ' Varicorbula operculata Philippi ( shaped I like an operculum; oval.) Also called (Lat, vBrius, va- rious, different -♦- Corbula, Fein.) 179 Varicorbula disparilis Orbigny (unequal,! different; shell very inequivalve. ) 3. Family Gastrochaenidae« (Gr, gaster, gastr-, stomach -*- chainein, to gape. Shells are widely gaping at the anterior base.) a) Genus Rocellaria Blainville 1828. (Neo Rocellaria hians Gmelin (gaping.) Gastro- chaena cuneiformis Spengler (wedge-sha- ped; pear-shaped) ,as Rocellaria hians u- sed to be known, belongs to the Indo- Pacific.) Latin, a little rock.) j Rocellaria ovata Sowerby (ovate, egg-sha-i Formerly called Genus , ped.l j Gastrochaena Sp.engler I Rocellaria stimpsoni Tryon ( St impson ' s ; \ 1785, but Gastrochae- ' named for William Stimpson, eminent Ame-j na is an Indo-Pacific rican malacologist whose life v/ork was j genus. Fem.) ' destroyed by the great Chicago fire in j i 1871; 1832-1872.) b ) Genus Spengleria Try- on 1861. (ITamed for the naturalist Spen- gler, Fem, ) Spengleria rostrata Spengler ( ro strat e ; the shell is squarish, squarely trunca- ted at posterior end.) ( IV. SUP5RFMIILY AJESIIACEA Gr."a", privative, without — desmos, band, ligament. Ligament want- ng.) • Family Pholadidae. (Gr. pholas, pholad-, lurking in a hole. These mollusks are stone-piercers; found in rocks, coral, wood.) a) b) Genus Barnea Risso 1826 .( Probably one of the names arbitra- ri ly invented by Leach. May have been suggested by the pro- per name Barnes. Fem.) Genus Gyrtopleura Tryon 18 62. (Gr. ar- Barnea maxitima (Orbigny) Pall (maritime; Ruth D. Turner in Johsonia states she has been unable to find a description of this species by d' Orbigny.) Barnea t rune at a Say (tinncated; posterior end broadly truncate.) cyrtos, ched -'- Fem, ) convex, pleura, side, ! Gyrtopleura costata Linne (ribbed; cover- ! ed with strong radiating ribs. Formerly I listed as Barnea costata Linne. Called Angel Wings. ) c) ^SLi^ 2 i rfaea Gray 1842. rOne of those names invented by Leach & Gray; may be derived from sirpea, a basket- work of rushes. Fem.) d ) Genus Pholas Linne 1758. (Gr. pholas, lurking in a hole. Fem. ) Zirfaea crispata Linne (curled, rugged; surface covered with coarse concentric ridges which become lamellar on the an- terior half; the laminae are strongly toothed; the valves are divided by a broad shannel running from the beaks to . the middle of the base.) Pholas campechiensis Gmelin (from Campe- che ; type locality is the Gulf of Cam- peche, Mexico.) .■:.s:- , -l J. r ■ V 180 'Martesia fragilis Verrill & Bush (frail, e) Genus llartesia Slain- > thin 5 small, 3/4 inch long,378 inch high.) ville'~1824, fLat .marteg^Iartesia striata Linne (striated; with a marten, a burrowing I concentric ridges and grooves.) animal. Wood borers. jMartesia cuneiformis Say (wedge-shaped; Fem. ) mesoplax cuneiform.) Martesia caribaea Orbigny (Caribbean) is the same. f ) Genus Diplothyra Tryon - 18^2. (Gr.dipioos, double | -*- thyra, door, valve. 'Diplothyra smithi Tryon (Smith's; named Shell with an addition- in honor of Sanderson Smith of the U.S. al dorsal valve. Rock Fish Commission.) and shell borers, Fem.) g) Genus h) i) Jouannetia Pes Moulins~:.328T T^ame d after a I.r, Jouannet, a French naturalist from Bordeaux, Fem. ) Genu 3 _ S cyphomya Pall 1898. CGr.' scyphos, a cup, can -•- mya, a sea-mussel, Fem.) Jouannetia quillingi Turner 1955 ( named for Mr. Ben Quilling, collector.) ! S cyphomya semicostata H.G.Lea( Half -ribbed j Pr. Turner in Johnsonia writes: "Until moH ; re data are at hand it is impossible to ; place properly this genus and species.") Genus Xylophaga Turton IXylophaga atlantica Richards 1942 (Atlanta 1822.~TGr,xylophagos, ic; found from Canada to Virginia.) Xylophaga abyssorum Pall (of t he aby s s e s , abysmal; found in 225-1500 fathoms.) Xylophaga dorsalis Turton ( do r sal ; a Euro- pean species not found on U.S. East Coast.] eating wood; generally found on floating wood, Fem, ) 2* Family Teredinidae, (Lat, teredo, teredinis, a worm. a) Genus Teredo Linne 1758. (Tat. a worm. Fem, ) Teredo bartschi W.F.Clapp (named for Pr. Paul Bartsch, U.S. rational Museum, 1871- Teredo beaufortana Bart3ch(Beauf ort,N.C . ) Teredo morsei Bartsch"Tl 'orse's;named for Edward Sylvester Morse, 1838-1925.) Teredo nana Turton ( dwarf . ) Teredo navalis Linne ( n a va 1 ; ship w 0 rm . ) Teredo norvegica Spengler ( ITo rwe gi an , ) Teredo novangliae Bartsch ( of New England. Teredo"chlorotica Gould ("greenish.) Teredo floridana Bartsch (from Florida.) Teredo thomsoni Tryon (Thomson ' s . ) Teredo dilatata Stimpson (expanded; big- eared; it has large auricles.) Teredo sigerfoosi Bartsch (named for Prof I Charles P. Sigerf 00s, ) ! Teredo stimpsoni Bartsch (named for ^Vill- ! iam Stimpson, 18o2-1872.) } Teredo tryoni Bartsch (named for George 'Tashington Tryon, 1838-1888.) j Teredo clappi Bartsch (Pr. ''7.F.Clapp. ) ["B ank i a c a r i bbe a Clench & Turner( Caribbean, ■ Bankia gouldi BartschTpJ^ • A . A . Gould , an S ; .(. . ^ ) Genus Eankia Gray 1842. (Maybe from the proper name Bank. Fern.) 1 ^^^ American malacologist, 1805-1866.) jEankia katherinae Clench & Turner (Kathe- 1 rine's; named for Katherine Tucker.) JBankia cieba Clench & Turner ( cieba, I am informed by Dr. Clench himself, is a I typographical error for ceiba. ITaraed for I the ceiba tree, only because Dr. Clench k Roch ( somewhat c) Genus Xylotrya Leach 1850. (Gr. xylon, wood -h- tryo, to rub off, to wear out. Destructive to wood, timber, Fem.) liked the name.) ankia fimbriatula Moll & fringed. ) ' Xvlotrya bipinnata Jeffreys (twice pinna- te? feather-like.) Xylotrya fimbriata Jeffreys (fringed.) SUBORDER AMOMALODESMACEA (Gr, anomalos, uneven, irregular -i- out teeth.) desmos, band, ligament. Hinge with- SUPEREAMILY PANDORACEA (Named after Pandora, the first mortal woman in Greek mythology,) 1, Family Lyensiidae. (Named after the naturalist W. Lyons.) Lyonsia arenosa M'dller (sandy; color dirtj white;periostracum covered with sand.) Lyonsia bulla Dall (a bubble.) Lyonsia granulifera Verrill & Bush (sur- face covered with granules. ) Lyonsia hyalina Conrad (glassy; it is Genus Lyons ia Tur- t on 1822. r^em. ) transparent, translucent.) Lycnsia hyalina floridana Dall (Floridan; from ^est Coast of Florida to Texas.) Lyonsia formosa Jeffreys (handsome.) Lyonsia beana Qrbigny (named for Command- er Beau of the French Navy, a great conchologist who died in Guadeloupe, West Indies, in 1859. The "u" in his name was changed to ''n" by mistake by the printer,) 2. Family Pandoridae. (Named after Pandora, according to Greek mythology.) the first mortal woman {pandora gouldiana Dall (Gould's; named fo Genus Pandor a Chem- nitz 1795, TEem.y Augustus Addison Gould, M.D., an eminent American malacologist, 1805-1866,) Pandora inornata Verrill & Bush (unadorn- ed,) Pandora trilineata Say (three-lined; three lines radiate from the beaks,) Pandora arenosa Conrad (sandy.) Also call ed Pandora carolinensia Bush ( from North CarolinaTl i ,[■;•■■> 4 '; v' •; . . r ;j.> <\! ,■.. . . iL ( ,/;.'!'■! A- T; ■il!:li'.!2..:'i.!.:_\ ■■^n^ ;■••■? c :t ;. i. I, '..v' u%M ^;,:i.( 182 Pandora "brevis Verrill mm, ) & Bush (short; 3 . family Pholadomyidae . mya, a sea-mussel. 7 Genus Panacea Pall 1905. Jgt. all-heal- ing, a cure-all. Panacea was one of the daughters of AEsculapius, the god of medicine. Pern.) length 11.5 Pandora "bushiana Pall (named for Katha- rine Jeannette Bush, Assistant in Pea- hody Museum of Yale University, 1855- 1957.) Pandora glacialis Leach (glacial; f ound from Arctic Ocean to Massachusetts.) (Gr, pholas, pholad-, lurking in a hole -i- Panacea arata Verrill & Smith (plowed, furrov/ed. ) 4, Family Thraciidae. (Lat, Thracia, Thrace, northern province of an- cient Greece. May mean from Thrace, or shaped like Thrace, "broad and squarish. ) I Thracia conradi Couthouy (Conrad's; na- med~for Timothy A. Conrad, an American conchologist, 1804-1877.) Thracia corbuloides Blainville ( shaped like a little basket, like a Corbula.) Thracia distorta Montagu (Lat, distor- ( having the ap- a) Genus Thracia Blain- ville 1824. (Fern.) b ) Genus Asthenothaerus Carpenter 1864. {gv , asthenes, weak, fee- ble -I- thairos, a hinge. Hinge is toothless, Masc.) ted, tv/isted, } Thracia myopsis M'dller pearance of a Mya.l Thracia nit ida Verrill (shining.) Thracia pliaseolina Kiener ( Lat , pha s e o 1 - • us, a kidney bean; shaped like a bean. Thracia rugosa Lamarck (from Lat, ruga, a wrinkle; wrinkled. J Thracia se gtentrionalis Jeffreys ( n o r - thern; Greenland to Rhode Island.) Thracia stimpsoni Pall (Stimpson's; na- med in honor of William Stimpson, an eminent American zoologist, 1832-1872.) Asthenothaerus hemphilli Pall (named for Henry Hemphill, a conchologist.) Asthenothaerus elegans Pall ( e le g an t . ) Asthenothaerus bale si Rehder (Bales'; named for Pr, Blenn R. Bales who found it, 1876-1946.) I) I 5. Family Periplomatidae. (According to Chenu, from Gr. peri, around, about -.- plyma, plymat-, dirty water, because these mollusks like muddy waters . ) t Periploma affine Ve rr i 1 1 & Bush ( r e 1 a- rescm- ted to, closely allied to; ix bles P. undulatum in sculpture.) ■: ■ f : . -i:) Genus Periplo ma Schu- 183 Periploma anguliferum Philippi ( an gu 1 a - ted; lower border of right valve has a keel ending in an angle.) Periploma fragile Totten (fragile, thin.) Periploma inaequivalve Schumacher (in- equal valves. One valve is more convex than the other, or is dissimilar in other respects. This species is from the West Indies.) Periploma inequale C. B. Adsims ( i n e qu a 1 ; the left valve is more convex than the macher 1817.~["Neuter.)i right valve.) Periploma papyratium Say (not papyrace- um, which, however, is a very good Lat- in word; paper, of the consistency of paper; shell white, fragile and thin.) Periploma tenerum Pischer ( delicate. ) Periploma undulatum Verrill ( wavy . ) j i Periploma leanum Conrad (Lea' s; named in j honor of Isaac Lea, a great American •i conchologist, surnamed the "Nestor of American naturalists", 1792-1886.) E. ORDER SEPTIBRANCHIA (Lat. septum, an enclosure, fence, partition -\- Gr. hranchia, gills. Gills are transformed into a muscular septum or partition.) 1. Family Verticordiidae . (Lat. Verticordia, another name for Venus who turns the hearts (vertere, to turn -i- cor, cordis, heart.) '■• Verticordia acuticostata Philippi (with i sharp ribs. ) I Verticordia granulifera Verrill (bearing I granules. ) i Vertipordia perversa Pall (Lat. turned the wrong way; radiating lines curved forward. ) Verticordia seguenzae Pall (Seguenza's; named for Professor G. Seguenza, an Italian naturalist.) Verticordia woodi 5. A. Smi th ( 'To o d ' s . ) Verticordia ornata OrbignyTa do rned ; with nine or ten prominent radial ribs.) Verticordia ornata caelata Verrill ( Lat . caelatus, carved, chiseled. ) I Verticordia elegantissima Dall (very ' elegant. ) I Verti cordia fischeriana Dall ( Pi s che r ' s ; I named in honor of Dr. Paul Fischer, an I eminent French malacologist . ) I Verticordia trapezoides Seguenza ( trape- ' zoid-shapedTT a) Genus Verticord i a Sowerby 1844. {"Pem. ) Lyonsiella abyssicola Sars (dweller of the abyss; found in 192-500 fathoms.) I Lyonsiella cord at a Ve rrill & Bush (cor- date; heart- shaped, y~ i.r'v: ''U; .■■:.■■<■ •i-:!- J - * :";; vJl;:,- ■■"■^j ■:?•:';» ,-.• 'Ji-ff:;. r ">'lCi;>.-I '•'■'■ J- ' ■ • ' .{ "■ T c, ■.i'M-. -If:' ■,.-u-. •■.'-~-'-~7.i:'.^,,\, • ' 1. . - • J .;: '!' •LV •;---l yr i I'^'i .' b) Genua Lyonsiella Sars 186.8. fDerived from Lyonsia; named after W, Lyons. Pern.) 184 ; Lyonsiella gemma Verrill (gem.) '■ Lyonsiella granulif era Verrill (with i granules. ) i Lyonsiella insculpta. Jeffreys ( engraved^ carved. y i i Lyonsiella subquadrata Jeffreys ( somewhad L quadrate.! , c) Genus Halicardia Pall" 1894. (Gr. hals, the sea -t- cardia, heart. Fern. ) Halicardia flexuosa Verrill & 3mith i (having curvatures, bent. Beaks very i much curved; surface divided by ridges, | 2. Family Poromyidae. (Lat, porus, a way, The valves' surface is granulose.) a pore -;- mya, a sea-musselL a) Genus Poromya For- bes 1844. (Fern.) b) Genus Cetoconcha Pall 1886. (Lat. cetus, a whale -•- concha, a shell. Fem. ) Poromya granatina Pall (Lat. granatus, I grained, rough. 1 | Poromya granulata Hyst (granular, with ! granule-like points.]" ) Poromya granulata rotundata Jeffreys i (rounded, ) ; Poromya neaeroides Seguenza (shaped like! a Neaera ( a former name for Cuspidariai Poromya ro strata Rehder (rostrate; left j valve is more rostrate than the right.) Poromya sublaevis Verrill ( somewhat smooth; externally the shell is nearly smooth. ) Poromya sublaevis microdonta Pall ( Gr , micros, small -•- odous, odont-, tooth.) Poromya albida Pall ( whi t i sh , ) Poromya elongata Pall ( e 1 o nga ted.) Poromya tornata Jeffreys (turned, shaped on the latheTl Cetoconcha atypha Verrill & Bush ( Gr . atyphos, not puffed up, modest.) Cetoconcha bulla Pall (bubble , ) Cetoconcha margarita Pall (a pearl.) 3. Family Cuspidariidae. (Lat, cuspis, cuspid-, a point. These shells! are provided with a long, slender rostrxim, like a handle. Common ■ names Pipper Shells.) Cuspidaria abyssicola Verrill & Bush (dweller of the abyss; found in 1685- 1813 fathoms.) Cuspidaria alternata Orbigny ( alternate . Cuspidaria arctica Sars (arctic; Arctic Ocean to Nova Scotia. ) Cuspidaria arcuata Pall ( ar che d . ) Cuspidaria formosa Verrill & Bush (hand- some; surface more or less iridescent; color pale pink.) Cuspidaria fraterna Verrill & Bush ( fra- ternal, brotherly, obesa. ) resembles Cuspidaria \ • '■? i * ■ /, '.-i a . .L/( :iC:. :p;;-f - ■ !. j.'i i' a) Genus Cuspidaria Nardo 1840. (Fern.) b) Genus Adams Leiomya A. ;i364. (Gr. leios, mya, a Pern, ) smooth -■■- sea-mussel. c) Genus Ilyonera Pall & Smith 1886. {Trom mya, a sea-mussel — neaira, Neaera, a nymph (name used by Gray for a Cuspida- ria, Fern.) 185 i Cuspidaria gigantea Verrill (gigantic.) | Cuspidaria glacialis Sars (glacial; Gulfj of St. Lawrence to Florida.) j Cuspidaria .jeffreysi Pall (Jeffreys' ;na-j raed for John Gwynn Jeffreys, a British { malacologist, 1809-1885.) ] Cuspidaria lamellosa M. Sars (having conf centric lamellae on valves.) ■ Cuspidaria media Verrill & Bush (middle;! shell of moderate size, resembling a * medium- si zed Cuspidaria glacialis in form; about^one-half inch in length.) Cuspidaria microrhina Pall (Gr, micros, small -<- rhine, a file; shell rather smooth, ) Cuspidaria obesa Lov^n (fat; swollen.) Cuspidaria parva Verrill & Bush ( sma 1 1 ; shell small, delicate; length 4.5 mm.) Cuspidaria pellucida Stimpson (very bright; shell pale white; smooth and glossy within. ) Cuspidaria rostrata Spengler (rostrate; having a long, narrow handle . ) Cuspidaria subtorta Sars (somewhat twis- ted; shell inequivalve; the rostrum is a little bent to the left and appears slightly twisted.) Cuspidaria turgida Verrill & Bush (in- flated, swollen; distended; shell rathet large . ) Cuspidaxia undata Verrill (waved; strong- ly undulated. ) Cuspidaria ventricosa Verrill & Bush ( swelling out, bellied; shell large, swollen, with a ventral enlargement.) Leiomya granulata Pall (granulated; co- vered with grain-like elevations.) Leiomya granulata velvetina Pall ( vel- vety, smooth. ) Leiomya halimera Pall (Gr. halimos, of ; the sea. ) ; Leiomya claviculata Pall (with a clavicle*^ a bar; having a ridge inside serving to J reinforce the hinge.) Leiomya striatella Verrill & Bush( cover- ed with fine, raised concentric lines.) i llyonera gigantea Verrill (giant.) I'jiyonera lamellifera Pall (having lamellae^ ornamented with about 33 thin concentric lamellae. ) IJyonera limatula Pall (smooth; fine, low elevated sculpture , ) IvCyonera pauci striata Pall (with a few faint radiating striae, ) I^iyonera pretiosa Verrill & Bush (precious shell sma.ll, very thin and fragile, nearly transparent.) ■ . f,i i '1 oi'-; ..- ■ ■;■• ■■ V /'.:•■/ ;':■ ft ■ ... :- ivi-.r' '-.n:. ' '■■■■■ ! ^r i '"iT-i jV? ••'•■ l 1 1 .■ ■ .r.-?' v.''>i-:f.,. ■: , ■,-% , ■ ; s i .Of;. J I ' .■k.^.;:.i^J^li.y....f:-.:K. t ) ■i.0'.:. "i..- . r •.•,.: :. '>;?.£ ^ • ■ .... /_/' ■■'■ -■? ■ •^ '• W I >;,^. r ij;' , 1 .■. . d ) Genus Cardiomya A. Adams 1864. Tcr. cardia, a heart — mya, a sea-mussel. rem. ) 186 M^oneraruginosa Jeffreys (wrinkled; sur- face covered with very numerous and crowded concentric lines of growth.) Cardiomya costellata Deshayes ( having little radiating rilDsTl 1 Cardiqinya costellata corpulenta Pall | " (very fat; short and high, with a very ; short rostrum or handle.) j Cardiomya.^ gemraa Verrill & Bush ( gem ; j shell small, translucent , bluish v.rhi- . te; probahly a young specimen of C. cos-j tellata Deshayes.) : Cardiomya glypta Bush (carved, sculptu- red 5 surface sculptured with broad ra- diating lines. ) Cardiomya multicostata Verrill & Smith (with many radiating ribs. ) Cardiomya ornatissima Orbigny (very much ornamented I seven to nine sharp prominent ribs.) Cardiomya perrostrata Pall (much rostra- te, beaked. ) Cardiomya striata Jeffreys (striated.) CLASS 188 CEPHALOPODA (Gr, cephale, head ->- pous, pod-, foot. These mollusks have a group of elongated arras or feet around the head.) SUBCLASS DIBRANCHIA (Gr. di, for dis, twice — branchia, gills; having two gill-plumes. The subclass Tetrahranchia (to v/hich the famous Nautilus pompilius Linne "belongs | Gr. tetra, four — branchia, gills; having four gills) has no representatives in the American ^.Yestern Atlantic.) A. ORDER DBCAPODA (Gr, deca, ten — pous, pod-, foot. Sometimes called Order Decacerat deca, ten — cera, horn. These mollusks have ten feet, or arms, or horns, ) I. SUPERFMULY SEPIACEA (Gr. and Lat. sepia, the cuttlefish or squid — acea, the ending ge- nerally used to designate superfamilies, ) 1, Family Spirulidae. (Lat, spirula, diminutive of spira, little spi- ral. Common name: Spiral Shells.) Genus Spiru la _La - marck 17997TFem. ) Spirula spirula Linne. 2. Family Sepiolidae. (Lat, sepiola, a little cuttlefish,) I 1 Rossia hyatti Verrill (Hyatt's; named foij ! Alpheus Hyatt, ) I ' Rossia megaptera Verrill (with large ( j wings; the fins are very large and broad) ! Rossia sublaevis Verrill ( somewhat | ! smooth; upper surface of the body and j i head nearly smooth. ) a) Genus Rossia Owen 1828, (Named after Sir John Ross, a British rear-admi- ral and Arctic ex- plorer, 1777-1856. Fem.) b ) Genus Semirossia Steenstrup 1887 . Csemi, half, part- ly --- rossia, from Sir John Ross,Fem^ c ) Genus Stoloteuthis Verrill 1881. (Gr . stolis, stole, a garment — teuthi s, a cuttlefish, squid. Fem. ) Semirossia tenera Verrill (tender, deli- cate; 3 to 4 inches in length, including tentacles.) Semirossia equalis Voss (equal; suckers j about equal in size.] | [ Stoloteuthis leucoptera Verrill( wi th white wingsTl II. SUPERFAMILY LOLIGINACBA (Lat».- Ibligo, loligin-, sepia, cuttlefish.) Family Loliginidae. (Same etymology as above,) ■■:j.^ri . :" " r t i :. i .' '•:.'.r •.,;:■ "j : ■ . ; r <■> / ' - ■ f . :• '•^<- ^- .,.[. a) Genus Loligo Schnei- der 1784. (rem. ) y\ t) ) Genus Lolliguncula Steenstrup 1881. ^Lat. small cuttle- fish. Fem. ) c ) Genus Sepioteuthis Blainville 1824. (From sepia , cuttle- fish — teuthis, a squid. Fem, ) d) Genus Dory teuthis Naef 1912. (Proba- bly from Gr, dory, the shaft of a spear, a lance -•- teuthis, a squid. Fem.) 189 I JLoligo pealei Lesueur (Peale's.) | {Loligo pealei borealis Verrill ( no rther n )[ 'Loligo pealei pallida Verrill (pale; j i ground color of the body, head, arms an^ i fins, pale yellov;ish-white ; upper sur- i i_ f ace whitish with pale brown spots.) j [Lolliguncula brevis Blainville (brief, | j short.) Lolliguncula brevipinna Lesueur j j (with short wings; very short upper j ; arms; fins narrow) and Lolliguncula ; hemiptera Howell (with half wings j are | ! the same species.) { !Sepioteuthin sepio i dea Blainville ( r e- i rambling a oepiaTT" JD.ry teuthis plei Blainville ( Plee's; na- i i-ied for a Mr. Pl6e, a collector in the West Indies. The specific name should i have been written pleei. ) III. SUPERFAIJILY ARCHITEUTHACBA (Gr, archi, first, chief, principal -;- teuthis, teuthid-, a squid.) 1. Family Enoploteuthidae. (Gr, enoplos, armed, in arms -«- teuthis, a squid. Arras and tentacles bear hooks, no suckers ,)( According to ru- les, all these families should be ending in -teuthididae, ) a) Genus Enoploion I Pfeffer 1912. (From jEnoploion eustictum Pfeffer (well marked, enoplos, armed. | spotted. ) Neuter.) ! b) Genus Thelidioteuthis - Pfeffer 1900. (Pro- ! bably from Gr.thelo- JThelidioteuthis alessandrinii Verany (a- eides, nipple- shaped -'- teuthis, a squid, Fem. ) lessandrii-;i ' sT 2. Family Octopodoteuthidae. (Gr. octo, eight -'- pous, pod-, foot -»- teuthis, teuthid-, a squid,) Genus Octopodoteuthop-,~ sis Pfeffer 1912. ( Sa-|Octopodoteuthopsis megarptera Verrill etymolo'gy as for fa- '-' (with large wings or fins.) mily — opsis, aspect,' appearance. Fem.) 3. Fainily Onychoteuthidae. (Gr. onyx, onychos, nail, claw, hook — teuthis, teuthid-, a squid. Hook-armed. Hook-bearing suckers on tentacular arms . ) x.\ IS v;; :.'■■ > . ■^l.' ) :.:JXtr t - i : ■■ ;; •V .- I -i-''Vi^i :■.'■• ■•;.-• J 1 .1,' :' ;.+ .••-. a) Genus Onychoteuthis Lichtenstein 1818. (Pern.) t) Genua Onykia Lesueur 1821, (Should have been spelt Onychia by Lesueur; from 0- ■ nychion, diminutive of onyx, nail, hook. Can be considered fern, on account of its ending.) 190 Onychoteuthis banksi Leach (Banks'.) Onykia carribaea Lesueur (Caribbean; carribaea is Lesueur' s spelling.) Onykia agilis Verrill ( agi le . ) Eamily Architeuthidae. (Gr, archi, first, chief, principal -f- teuthis, teuthid-, a squid.) Genus Architeuthis Steenstrup 1857 . (Fem. ) ' Architeuthis harveyi Kent ( Harvey ' s ; na- j med for Rev. M. Harvey . ) ; Architeuthis princeps Verrill (chief; i king of the giant Squids; total length j of arms: 40-55 feet; weight: 2000 pounds) Family Gonatidae. (Probably derived by Gray from gony, gonatos, knee, joint. ) Genus Gonatus Gray 1849. (Masc.l Gonatus fabricii Lichtenstein ( name d for 0, Fabricius, ) Family Histioteuthidae. (Gr, histion, any web, cloth; sail ->- teuthis, teuthid-, a squid, A broad thin membrane or web unites the six upper arms together nearly to their tips, while the lower ones have shorter web uniting them to the rest.) a) Genus Histioteuthis i Histioteuthis bonelliana Ferussac (Bo- Orbiffj'V 1859. (Fem. ) !_ nell • s . ) b ) Genus Calliteuthi s Verrill 1880. ITor. beautiful Teuthis, Fem. ) I Calliteuthis reversa Verrill (reversed; ! body tapering backward; ventral surface I of the body, head and arras more orna- mented than the dorsal face,) 7. Family Bathyteuthidae, (Gr, bathys, deep — teuthis, a squid.) Also called Family Eenthoteuthidae (Gr. benthos, depth of the sea -'- teuthis, a squid.) Caught in""600-1073 fathoms.) Genus Bathy teuthis i" Hoyle 1885, or ' Bathyteuthis megalops Verrill ( of large Genus Bentho teuthis I appearance, form; or eyes. ) Verrill 1885, (FemTT 8. Family Brachioteuthidae. (Gr, brachion, arm — teuthis, a squid.) ; Genus Brachio teuthis i Brachioteuthis beani Verrill ( Be an ' s ; na- j Verrill 1881. (Fem.) i med for Dr. Tarleton H. Bean, of the U, ! S. Fish Commission.) 9. Family Ommastrephidae. (Called by Thiele Ommat o s t r ephi dae , which according to Greek derivation is more correct. ) (Gr. orama, ommat-, I L.">.i .11. r. V I. ."<:.'•;.■ t n .S.r ■ ; j; ! .; ; : '■■ [^ •1:: ;r i!o^ 191 eye — strephein, to turn; turn eyes; eyes are movable, free in their sockets.) a) Genus Illex Steens- trup 1880. (Lat. alluring, enticing.) Genus Ommastrephes Orbigny 1855 is the same^ (Masc . ) ^ ) Genus Sthenot e u thi s Verrill 1880. ( Gr . sthenos, strength -i- teuthis, a squid, Re- markable for the e- normous size and breadth of caudal fin, Fem. ) Illex illecebrosus Lesueur (Lat, full of Color vivid and allurement, beautiful, ) attractive. Sthenoteuthis bartrami Lesueur (Bart ram's) Sthenoteuthis pteropus Steenstrup (Gr, pteron, wing ->- pus, for pous, foot; | wing-footed.) ! 10. Family Chiroteuthidae. (Gr, cheir, hand -<- teuthis, a squid. Ten- j tacular arms outside the web, spoon- shaped, ) { j Chiroteuthis diaphana Verrill ( diapha- j a) Genus Chiroteuthis nous , ) Orbigny 1859"^ (Fem . ) j Chiroteuthi s lacertosa Verrill ( r o bu s t , : muscular.y ^ ) Genus Bigelowia Mac- r donald & Clench 19 54. | {Named for H.B.Bige- 'Bigelowia atlantica MacDonald & Clench low, Director of the i (atlantic.) Woods Hole Oceanogra- I phic Institution, Fem,)'. c) Genus Chiroteuthoides Berry 1920. (Has the aspect of a Chiroteu- this in the enormous- ly developed ventral arms, Masc) Chiroteuthoides hastula Berry (Has tula, a little spear; body narrow, tapering suddenly and rapidly.) d) Genus lyiastigo teuthis iMastigoteuthis agassizi Verrill ( Agassi z1) Verrill 1881. (Gr. • Mastigoteuthis iselini MacDonald & Clenchj mastix, mastigos, a j^Tselin's; named for C.O.Iselin, Researchj whip, Fem.) j Associate in the Woods Hole Oceanogra- ' ; phic Institution, ) e) jign-j ;o -4 Genus Grimaldi teuthis r Joubin 1898. "[Grimaldi,! the rBme of the re: ing house of Monac( teuthis, a squid.) Al4 so called Genus Enop- : Grimaldi teuthis spinicauda Berry (spina, troteuthis Berry 1920.i a thorn -i- cauda, tail; needle-like.) "^Gr, enoptron, a mir- ror; to reflect as in a mirror. It has a ma-: nifest resemblance to ma,ny of the Chiroteu- ioooL .::<.. 1 J -,. • ■ i* • ■ ' ■ • • ■ • i :' \ Jf-t.i'ororfi"-' i'." ■' I ■; • nji ;f;i?;; ;.•'•! :v .".. • '.071 -v.i ■■'SAi^ .)•.'■ . '. -.jj". 1 . 'J thidae. Feminine.) 192 11, Family Cranchiidae. (Named in honor of J. Cranch, naturalist to the Congo Expedition.) a) Genus Pyrgopsis Roche "b rune" 1884 . fGr, pyrgos, a tower -- opsis, aspect. Shell e- longate, most in- flated near the middle, Fern.) h ) Genus Taonius Steen- stru2_1861. (Gr, taonios, of a pea- cock, Masc.) c ) Genus Verrilliteu- this Berry 1912. I Professor Addison E. Verrill of Yale University, 1839- 1927 «- teuthis, a squid. Fem. ) d) Genus Teuthowenia Chun 1910T(Teuthi s, a squid ->~ Owenj R, Owen who described Cephalopods. Fem.) Pyrgopsis lemur Berry (Lat. a ghost, specter; seems to "be allied to a Chi- lean species.) Taonius pavo Lesueur (pavo, a peacock; general color is carmine brown; the mantle, head and arras are covered with large ocellations, connected together by smaller ones.) Taonius tener Verrill (delicate.) Verrilliteuthis hyperborea Steenstrup (hyperborean, northern.) Teuthowenia corona Berry (crown; infla- ted, bag-shaped body, ) e) Genus Sandalops Chuni Sandalops ecthamba Berry (Gr. quite a- 1906, (Shaped like a! mazed, stunned, astounded; strange ani- sandal, Fem,) j mal,) j Sandalops pathopsis Berry (Gr. appearing • distressed, suffering; head strongly i compressed; arms vestigial; most absurd ", appearing little cephalopod, says Berry. B. ORDER OCTOPODA (Gr, octo, eight -.- pous, pod-, foot. These mollusks have eight feet or arms.) SUBORDER CIRRATA (Lat. cirratus, having ringlets, curls; bearing cirri.) SUPERFA?.ULY C IRROTEUTHACE A (Lat. cirrus, a curl, a cirrus — teuthis, a squid.) 1» Family Stauroteuthidae. (Gr, stauros, a cross -'- teuthis, a squid.) a) Genus Stauroteuthis ! Stauroteuthis syrtensis Verrill (of a t i - • I . I Verrill 1879. ( Fern. ) b ) Genus Chunioteuthis Grimpe 1916. (From Chun, Carl Chun, a specialist on Ce- phalopods H- teuthis, a squid. Fern, ) 193 sand "bank, ) Chunioteuthis e"bers"bachi Grimpe (Ebers- hach' s.l 2. Family Cirroteuthidae. (Lat. cirrus, a curl, a cirrus -»- teuthis, a squid. Tentacular filaments on either side of the suckers.) This i family name is sometimes written Cirrhoteuthidae and the genus' i Cirrho teuthis, because the Latin word is spelt cirrus and cirrhus)' I Genus Cirroteuthis I Cirroteuthis me^aptera Verrill (with lar- Escliricht 1858. fFem.) ge wings . ) Cirroteuthis plena Verrill (full. ) 3, Family Opisthoteuthidae, (Gr, opisthen, "behind — teuthis, a squid. Siphon and branchial cavitj'- have been pushed backward to the pos- terior end of the body, ) Genus Opisthoteuthis | Opisthoteuthis agassizi Verrill ( Agassi z ' ) Verrill 1883. (Fern.) L (Not having cirri.) SimORDSR ILTCIRRATA I. SUPERFAMILY BOLITAENACEA (Gr, bolitaina, a small kind of cuttle-fish, a polypus; word used by Aristotle . ) Family Bolitaenidae, (Same etymology as above.) Genus Eledonella r Verril 1_18 84 . TDimi - nutive of Eledone, jEledonella pygmaea Verrill ( pygmean, name used by Aris- ; dwarfish. ) totle to designate a kind of polypus, i Fem, ) !, II, SUPERFAJtILY OCTOPODACEA (From o6topoda, having eight feet or arras.) Family Octopodidae. (Same etymology as above,) Octopus vulgaris Lamarck ( c ommo n . ) Octopus carolinensis Verrill (off North Carolina.) is the same as 0. vulgaris. Octopus rugosus Eosc (rough, uneven; the back is granular, ) Octopus verrilli palliatus Robson (Ver- rill' s; palliatus, covered with a cloak^ Octopus briareus Robson (Briareus, a hundred-armed giantTJ a ) Genus Octopus La- marck 1798, (Octo, eight -f- pus, for pous, feet. Masc.) •\\ ) , ■' .1 ' ■>:.. I- , •. . ■ ■-■••'■/ •■ ^^; •r ■ : ■~, > t • '. 4,. ■ C- J. t; iT'C/i'i^ ;^- I ■ •: 1 : ■ .•'O: , 1-- "b ) Genus Bathypo lypus Grimpe 1921. fOr . "bathys, deep -'- po- lypous, polyp. Lives i in depth of 28 to i 843 fathoms.Masc. ) i c) Genus Graneledone i' Jouljin 1918. (Grand, ! large — eledone, a I kind of po lypus. Pem, ) ' 194 Octopus macropus Rissq (Gr. macros, long -.- pus, for pous, foot; the first arm is the longest and largest.) Octopus burryi Voss (Burry's; named for L.A. Burry of Pompano, Florida.) Octopus .joubini Robson ( Joubin ' s ; named for Louis Marie Joubin, a French scien- tist and specialist on Cephalopods. ) Octopus equivocus Robson ( e qu i v o c al ; t hi species was at first named gracilis Ver rill (slender, thin), but, as Berry poin- ted out, gracilis had been previously j used for an Octopus by Eydoux and Sou- } leyet.) j Octopus Scorpio Berry (scorpion; third srnBmore than twice as long as the secorr. pair and much thicker.) Octopus pi scatorum Verrill (of the fish- . ermen, ) i Bathypolypus arcticus Prosch (arctic.) I Bathypolypus lentus Verrill (slow.) 1 Bathypolypus obesus Verrill ( fat; body stoutT) Graneledone verrucosa Verrill (warty; wart- like tubercles on the whole upper surface of body and head.) III. SUPERFAIvIILY ARGONAUT ACEA (Named after the Argonauts who sailed in the ship Argo for the golden fleece. Argo, the name of Jason's ship -- nauta, a sailor. Common na- me : Argonauts . ) 1. Family Alloposidae. (Gr, alios, other, different — posos, of a certain (indefinite) size. Body very soft, and therefore somewhat indefinite or variable in form.) a ) Genus Alloposus Ver- rill 1880. (Masc. ) b ) Genus Heptapus Jou- bin 1929^ (Gr. hep ta, seven — pus, for pous, foot. Masc.) Alloposus mollis Verrill (soft; body soft and flabby.") Heptapus danai Joubin (probably named for the steamer Dana of the Dana Expedi- tion in 1922; danaae or better danae could have been used.) 2, Family Tremoctopodidae. (Gr, trema, a hole, an orifice -.- octopus; has long skin webs betv/een the dorsal arms and two large holes in front of the eyes.) Genus Tremoctopus ', Tremoctopus violaceus Delle Chiaje (vie- | Delle Ghia.je 1829. i let; color; purplish red.) \ Masc, ) 3. Family Ocythoidae. (A mythological name meaning swift runner.) j "ft "' ' t '' Genus Ocythoe Rafi- nesque 1814. (Pem. ) 195 Ocythoe tuberculata Rafinesque ( swollen, with tubercles.) 4, Family Argonautidae. (Named after the Argonauts who sailed in the ship Argo in quest of the golden fleece, under Jason. Argonauts means the sailors of the "Argo".) Genus Argonauta Iiin- ne 1758. (Masc.) Argonauta argo Linne ( Argo , m me of Jason's shi p . ) Thi s is the "Paper-NautDus}" Argonauta americanus Pall (American) is the same species as A. argo Linne. Argonauta gondola Dillwyn (gondola, a feminine noun, is correctly juxtaposed to Argonauta; a gondola.) Argonauta hians So lander ( ga p i ng . ) THE Eim 196 INDEX Names of classes, subclasses, orders, suborders, superf ami lies, fami- ! lies and genera are capitalized. abbotti, 86 abbreviata, 67 abida, 115 Abra, 174 abrupta, 43,44 abyssicola, 14,23,25, 63,103,183,184 abyssorura, 59,64,70, 82,145,146,180 Acanthochitona, 131 Acanthochites, 131 acanthodes, 152 Acanthodoris, 123 Acanthopleura, 133 Acephala, 141 Aceratidae, 104 Aceridae, 104 acestra, 89 acicula, 37,119 acicularis, 54,55 acinula, 145 Acirsa, 48 Aclididae, 114 I Aclis, 114,115 I acloneta, 95 I Acmaea, 16,17 i Acmaeidae, 16 : Acoela, 121 acDva, 92 : acrilla, 25 • acrocarinata, 95 acropora, 37 acrybia, 89 Acteocina, 105 ; Acteociiiidae, 105 I Acteon, 101,102 I Acteonidae, 101 '. aculeata, 51,155 ; aculeatuiTi, 54 . aculeus, 31 ; acuminata, 14 ' acuminatue, 17 I acu3, 135 ' acuta, 115,116,142 I acuticoBtata, 31,183 • acutidens, 109 acutus, 75,105 ' Adalaria, 123 adamsi, 36,42,44,147, I .48 adansonius, 12 Adapedonta, 175 Addisonia, 28 Addisoniidae, 28 adelae, 21,82 Adeorbis, 36 Adesmacea, 179 Admete, 82 adspersa, 15 AEsopus, 68 aegeensis, 141 aegis, 15 aeglees, 117 aegleis, 18 AEolidia, 126 AEclidiacea, 124 AEolidiidae, 126 aepynota, 91 aepynotus, 77 aeaualis, 111,135,160, 174 aequisculpta, 13 aequistriata, 172 aequorea, 106 affine, 182 affinis, 26,32,58,61, 148 agari, 126 agassizi, 74,82,98,135, 191,19 3 agger, 13 agile, 137 agilis, 171,190 agria, 99,109 agua3'oi, 14,62,81 Akeratidae, 104 Alceridae, 104 Alaba, 42 ala,bamensis, 158 alaturn, 10 alatus, 52, 151 alba, 105,162,167 albellc., 68,69 albico^na, 89,155 albida, 26,88,115,168, 184 albiduroj 46 albinod:?,ta, 89 albocincta, 80 alboliiieata, 84 albomaculata, 89 alboradiata, 167 albus, 132 alcimus, 77 Alderia, 121 alesidota, 89 alessandrinii, 189 Alexia, 127 algicola, 41 Aligena, 165 Alloposidae, 194 Alloposus, 194 alta, 12,20 alternata, 15,128,171, 134 alternatum, 42 althea, 43 altispira, 74 Alvania, 31 alveolus, 130 alveus, 17 aiTiabile, 24,84 amabilis, 18,106,145 /jnaea, 49 amaea, 38 amaena, 17 amaliense, 138 amarillius, 107 i^tnaura. 111 /anauropsis, 57 amb i guu s , 75 arablia, 144 sjnblytera, 89 americana, 25,107,122, 147,148,. ,172 americanus, 154,195,149 aniianta, 85 amiantus, 77,136,162 /juicula, 131 ilmphineura, 130 ainphissella, 69 ajnphiurgus, 77 ampla, 53 ampli CO status, 152 /jnygdalura, 150 Ana c his, 58 anachorea, 115 Anadara, 147 Anatina, 176 anceps, 65 Ancistrosyrinx, 88 Ancula, 123 andrewsi, 48 angulata, 106 angu latum, 46 angulatus, 40,77 angulifera, 29,183 anguliferuni, 183 angulosa, 93,171 angusta, 16 anira, 112 Anisodonta, 159 Anisoiayaria, 148 anniae, 62 annul atum, 40 Anodontia, 162 anomala, 146 Anoinalocardia, 168 Anomalodesmacea, 181 anomalus, 54 Anomia, 155 Anomiacea, 155 Anomiidae, 155 Anopsia, 121 i\nopsiidae, 120 anoxia, 19 Anticlimax, 34 /intigona, 167 antiguensis, 91 ant i liana, 13 antillarum, 16,27,54, 62,104,138,150,153 antillensis, 79,148, 155,166 ilntillophos, 73 antiquatus, 49 antonia, 95 Aorotrema, 34 aperta, 98 apicina, 31,43 apicinum, 20,84 apiculata, 132 apiculatura, 46 apitoa, 91 Aplysia, 106,107 Aplysiacea, 106 Aplysiidae, 106 Apodosis, 127 Apolymetxs, 173 Aporrhaidae, 52 Aporrhais, 52 appressa, 69 aquatile, 60 Aquilonaria, 29 arata, 182 arborescens, 150 Area, 146| areas, 87 Arcacea, 146 Archaeogastropoda, 12 197 Architectonica, 38 Architectonicidae, 38 Architeuthacea, 189 Architeuthidae, 190 Architeuthis, 190 Arcidae, 146 arcinella, 164 Arcopagia, 172 Arcopsis, 147 arctatum, 177 Arctica, 159 arctica, 143,156,177, 178,184 Arcticidae, 159 arcticus, 73,130,194 arctus, 136 arcuata, 15,115,184 areia, 95 arenaria, 178 arenarius, 63 Arene, 24,25 arenosa, 181 areolata, 31,112 aresta, 80,98 aresti.vir., 20 argentea, 43,152 argent eus, 149 argo, 63,195 Argonauta, 194 Argonautacea, 194 Argonautidae, 195 ariorvj.s, 63 aristata, 151 armilia, 158 arne, 136 Asaphis, 175 asellus, 130 aspecta, 143 Aspella, 65 aspera, 45 asperrimuin, 22 aspersa, 122 asperula, 147 aspina, 24 aspinosus, 105 Astarte, 156,157 Astartacea, 156 Astartidae, 15 6 Asthenothaerus, 182 Astraea, 25,26 astricta, 95 astrigera, 131 asturiana, 13 ataceilana, 141 athleenae, 34 Atlanta, 5 6 atlantica, 14,59,131, 170,191, 180 il26 atlanticus, 86,107,!l35 Atlantidae, 5 6 atlantis, 49,63,81,162 atomus, 36 atratum, 41 Atrina, 152 atrostyla, 97 attenuata, 66 Atydae, 103 atypha, 98,184 Atys, 103 auberiana, 32 aurantia, 126 aurantiaca, 126 aureocincta, 55,82 aureof asciatus, 86 auricornum, 41 auricula, 51 auriculata, 147 auriculatum, 40 Auriculastrura, 128 aurifila, 49 Aurinia, 81 Auriniopsis, 81 aurita, 148 auritulus, 74 austini, 87 avara, 68 avena, 85 avenacea, 85 avenella, 85 avi r a , 92 Axinopsis, 161 azaria, 177 azelotes, 49 B babylonium, 46 badistes, 107 bahamensis, 30,91 bairdi, 20,23,24,79,98 Bailya, 73 balesae, 131 bale si, 35,146,182 balteata, 100 balthica, 172 bandella, 95 , __„,181 banksi,15 6,190 ^ ^ ^ • 16, 79,91 oaixnica, ivi bandella, 95 Banlcia, 180,] banksi, 15 6, 1^ barbadensis, barbata, 14 6 Barbatia, 146 barbouri, 16,59 Earnea, 179 barrattiana, 178 bartletti, 100,138 bartrami, 191 bartschi, 59,89,108,180 Bartschia, 74 Basilissa, 20 basistriata, 42 Bassommatophora, 126 Basterotia, 159 Bathyarca, 146,147 Bathyaurinia, 81 bathymophilus, 105 Bathypolypus, 194 Bathyteuthidae, 190 Bathyteuthis, 190 Batillaria, 41 baughmani, 147 198 bipinnata, 181 biplicata, 100 biscaynense, 35 biseriata, 70 bispinosa, 75,120 bisulcata, 38,150 bisuturalis, 110 bitruncata, 178 Bittium, 42 bituberculatus , Bivalvia, 141 Bivonia, 39 52 bayeri, 78;beani ,27,190blakeana, 80,99 beali, 84; beana,181 bealiana, 92 beattyi, 41 beaufortana, 180 beauforti, 110 beaui, 33,36,62,104 bedequensis, 110 belcheri, 70 bella, 19,26 Bellaspira, 89 bellastriata, 173 bellum, 84 blakeanus, blakei, 93 blandi, 46 162 bellus, 54 belotheca, benedicti , benthalis, Bentharca, benthica, 111 21,99,154 77,87 147 43 Benthobia, 82 Benthonella, 29 benthophilus, 49 Benthoteuthidae, 190 Benthoteuthis, 190 bequaerti, 63 Beringius, 71 bermudense, 122 bermudensis, 127,163 bermudezi, 81 bicarinata,50,93 bicaudata, 33 bicolor, 151 biconica, 95 bidentata, 106 bidentatus, 126,127 bifasciata, 116 bigelowi, 14 Bigelowia, 191 bigemma, 44 bilabiata, 30 bilineata, 116 billsae, 13 bimaculatus, 175 biminiense, 41 bipartitum, 40 bipennis, 143 blaneyi, 93,130 Blauneria, 128 Bolitaenacea, 193 Bolitaenidae, 193 bollingi, 78 bombyz, 42 bonelliana, 190 boreale, 84 borealis, 48,50,127, 141,156,158,189 Boreotrophon, 64,65 Bornia, 164 borroi, 14 bostoniensis,126 Botula, 150 Brachidontes, 149 Brachioteuthidae, 190 Brachioteuthis, 190 bracteata, 67 brandf ordensis, 112 branharnae, 76 brasiliana, 147,168, 174 15,85, 114, brasiliensis, 174 brevicaudatus, 76 brevifrons, 63,173 brevipinna, 189 brevis, 72,99,161,182, 189 brevi spina, 25 brevissima, 26 briareus, 24,193 bronniana, 155 bruneri, 98,110 brunnea, 39,128,168 brunnescens, 92 brunneus, 56 bryanti, 31 brychia, 14,31,37 brychius, 71 bryerea, 32 buccata, 142 Buccinacea, 67 Buccinidae, 70 Buccinum, 70,71 Bulbus, 57 bulimoides, 118 bulimuloides, 117 Bulla, 103 bulla, 181,184 bullata, 105 bullatus, 77 Bullidae, 103 bullaoides, 127 bullula, 78 burryae, 86 burryi, 48,64,194 Bursa, 61 Bursatella, 107 Bursidae, 61 bushae, 23 bushi, 73,105,137 bushiana, 110,111,142, 182 Busycon, 75 buteonis, 112 butleri, 81 cabriti, 62 Cadlina, 123 Cadulus, 135,136,137 caeca, 16 Caecidae, 40 Caeciini, 40 caelata, 25,72,183 caelatula, 72 caelatus, 104 caerulea, 130 cailleti, 62 calamus, 139 calatha, 19 calcarea, 172 calceola, 120 calidimaris, 33 calliglypta, 34 calliraorpha, 167 Calliostoma, 20,21,22 callipeplum, 139 Callista, 169 callisterama, 115 callistif ormis, 145 Callistochiton, 132 Calliteuthis, 190 callithrix, 138 Callocardia, 169 Calloplax, 131 caloosaensis, 108 Calyptraea, 51 Calyptraeacea, 50 Calyptraeidae, 51 1 ":■; .; r. i-:j > I. ■ ■ ; • i . calyx, 100 camara, 108 campechiensis, 147, 167,179 campta, 31 canadensis, 93 canaliculata, 104,176 canaliculatum, 75 canaliculatus, 25,52 canalifera, 38 Cancellaria, 82 cancellaria, 146 Cancellariidae, 82 cancellariuSj 74 cancellata, 13,15,32, 93,109,141,167,170 cancellatum, 24,154 cancellatus, 130 candeana, 17,151,171 candeanum, 46 candei, 73,104 candens, 101 Candida, 108,111,146 candidula, 54 canilla, 82 canium, 49 canna, 90 canonica, 31 canrena, 58 Cantharus, 74 capitellum, 78 Capulidae, 51 Capulus, 51 caracca, 45 carchedonius, 40 Cardiacea, 165 Cardiidae, 165 cardinalis, 86 Cardiomya, 186 Cardita, 158 Carditacea, 158 Carditidae, 158 carduus, 137 caribaea, 37,52,180 caribaeensis, 78 caribaeum, 51 caribaeus, 103 caribbaea, 59,180 caribbaeus, 85 caribbea, 180 carribaea, 190 carica, 75 Oarinaria, 56 Carinariidae, 56 carinata, 19,20,31, 33,128 carinatus, 130 carinicallum, 35 carinifex, 33 199 Carinodrillia, 91 carminura, 90 carnaria, 172 carnea, 55,151 carneum, 84 carnicolor, 64 carolae, 62 caroli, 115 carolinae, 90 carolinensis, 57,66, 114,137,181,193 caroliniana, 158 carolinianum, 40 carpenteri, 93,142 cascoensis, 112,143 Casmaria, 59 Cassididae, 59 Cassis, 60 cassis, 83 casta, 164 castanea, 31,150,156 cast?„neus, 25,150 castrensis, 58 catenata, 84 catharinae, 98 Catriona, 126 catula, 121 caudata, 67,142 Cavolina, 118,119 Cavolinidae, 118 cayenensis, 15 cayohuesonicus, 76 cayo sense, 40 cedrosa, 114 ceiba, 181 cellulosa, 95 cellulosus, 64 centimata, 93 centiquadrum, 46 centralis, 51 centurio, 85 Cephalaspidea, 101 Cephalopoda, 188 ceramida, 166 Cerastoderma, 167 cerata, 143 Ceratozona, 131 ceratuni, 138 cerina, 95,169,172 cerinella, 97 cerion, 33 Cerithiacea, 37 Ceritbidea, 41 Cerithiella, 44 Cerithiidae, 41 cerithidioides, 42 Cerithiopsis, 42,43,44 Cerithium, 41,42 Cerodrillia, 90 ceroplasta, 95 cervina, 91,93,107 cervus, 55 cestrota, 91 cestum, 137 Cetoconcha, 184 Cliaetopleura, 132 Chama, 163 Chamidae, 163 chara, 41 chariessa, 98,108 Charonia, 61 chasm at a, 95 Cheilea, 49 chemnitzi, 147 chesapeakea, 109 chesneli, 32 chierchiae, 119 Chione, 167, 168 Chironia, 164 Chiroteuthidae, 191 Chiroteuthis, 191 Chiroteuthoides, 191 Chiton, 133 Chitonida, 130 Chitonidae, 133 chittyana, 178 Chlaniys, 154 chlorostomum, 60 chlorotica, 121,180 chocolata, 125 Choristella, 37 Choristes, 37 Choristidae, 37 Christina, 95 chrysostomus, 62,162 Chunioteuthis, 193 ciboney, 62 cicatricosum, 59 cieba, 181 ciliatum, 70,166 cinca, 115 cinctellum, 21 cineracea, 83 cinerea, 54,66,88 cinereus, 18 Cingula, 31 cingulata, 106 cingulatum, 61 cingulatus, 50 cingulifera, 76 circularis, 14 circumcinctum, 21,139 Cirrata, 192 cirratus, 100 Cirroteuthacea, 192 Cirroteuthidae, 193 Cirroteuthis, 193 Cirsotrema, 48 "' , ' - ■ cistronium, 34 Cithna, 24 citrina, 78 citrinus, 63,85,149 clappi, 90,180 clarki, 40,87,127 clathrata, 61 clathratulum, 46 clathratum, 64 Clathrella, 108 Clathrodrillia, 89,90 clathrus, 30 clausa, 58,103 clavata, 19 clavatum, 64 claviculata, 185 claviuEi, 35 clenchi, 124 Clenchina, 81 Climacia, 34 Clinocardiiun, 166 Clio, 119 Clione, 120 Clionidae, 120 Cliopsidae, 120 Cliopsis, 120 coarctata, 174 coarctatum, 75 Cocculina, 27,28 Cocculinacea, 27 Cocculinidae, 27 cochinella, 52 cochlea, 48 Cochliolepis, 36 cocolitoris, 35 Codakia, 162,163 coffeus, 127 colon, 44 Colubraria, 74 columbella, 50 columbellata, 73 Columbella, 67,68 Columbellidae, 67 columella, 119 columnella, 119 Colus, 71,72 colymbus, 151 comatotropis, 95 coramodum, 53 communis, 62 compactus, 54 complanata, 124 compressa, 13,163 compsa, 45 Compsodrillia, 90 concava, 49,87 concentrica, 142,170, 177 concentricus, 152 200 conchyliophora, 51 concinnula, 94 confusa, 155 Congeria, 160 congregata, 163 conica, 27,50,119 conicus, 23 Gonidae, 85 coniformis, 119 conoidea, 42,109,116 CO noma, 112 Conom.itra, 80 conradi, 112, 182 conradiana, 82,147 conradina, 168 consensus, 75 constricta, 18,61,112, 172 contorquatum, 46 contracta, 178 contrarium, 75 conula, 114 Conus, 85,86,87 convexa, 51 convexLi.s, 23 Cooperella, 170 cooperi, 40 Coralliophaga, 159 coralliophaga, 150,159 Coralliophila, 67 Corambe, 123 Coraifibella, 123 Corambidae, 123 corbicula, 100 Corbiculidae, 158 corbis, 21 Corbula, 178 Corbulidae, 178 corbuloidea, 159 corbuloides, 176,182 cordata, 161, 169 ,.183 corneus, 126 cornuta, 164 Corolla, 120 corona, 74,75,192 coronadoi, 59 coronata, 124 coronellum, 40 corpulenta, 145,186 corrida, 98,116 corrugata, 61 corrugatus, 150 corticata, 105 Coryphella, 125 corys, 53 costalis, 18 costata, 41,162,175,179 costatum, 51,61 costatus, 52 costellata, 50,154,186 costulata, 20,24,34,43, 48 cos tula turn, 34 couei, 77 Couthouyella, 114 couthouyi, 82 Cranchiidae, 192 crassa, 12 Crassatella, 157 Crassatellidae, 157 Crassinella, 157 Crassispira, 88,89 Crassostrea, 156 crassula, 108 Cratena, 126 cratera, 95 craticulatum, 64 crenata, 48,157 Crenella, 149 crenella, 162 crenulata, 108,141,147 crenulatus, 25 Crepidula, 51 Crepitacella, 50 Creseis, 119 cretaceus, 73 cribraria, 68 crispata, 12, 179 cristata, 123,148,156, 172 crossata, 18, 95 crosseana, 109 crosseanum, 62 croulinensis, 160 cruciata, 121 Crucibulum, 51 cruentata, 24,61,174 crumena, 60,69 cryera, 95 Cryptoconchus, 131 Cryptodon, 161 Cryptoplacidae, 131 cryptospira, 35,53 crystallina, 42,172 cuba, 81 cubana, 22,26,48,114, 162 cubaniana, 61,168,178 cubensis, 17,128 cucurbita, 135 cucurbitus, 135 culebrana, 168 culebrensis, 141 cuTiiingi, 101 Cumingia, 174 cumingianus, 176 cuneata, 165,177 cuneiformis, 179,180 ."- i - " * •>.' „■ cuneimeris, 168 curta, 32,99,111,144 curtus, 117,155 Cuspidaria, 184,185 Cuspidariidae, 184 cuspidata, 119 Cuthona, 125 Cuvierina, 119 cyaneu:n, 70 cycladia, 151 Cyclina, 170 Cyclinella, 170 cyclostoma, 39 Cyclostrema, 24, 34 Gy do streruella, 24 C3.'"clostremiscus, 35 cydia, 91 Cylichna, 105 Cylichnella, 106 cylindratus, 135 cylindrella, 44 cylindrica, 59 Cylindrobulla, 104 cymatias, 76 Cymatiidae, 60 Cjnnatium, 60,61 CyTiiato syrinx, 93 GymlDulia, 120 Cym"buliidae, 120 cymella, 100,142,178 cynoceplialum, 60 Cyphoma, 55 Cypraea, 54,55 Cypraeacea, 52 Cypraecassis, 60 Cypraeidae, 54 Cyprina, 159 Cyrenella, 158 Cyrenidae, 158 Cyrenoididae, 158 Cyrtodaria, 177 Cyrtopleura, 179 Cythara, 100 cytherea, 145 D Dacrydium, 149 dactyloiuela, 106 Dalium, 59 dalii, 25,27,36,48,91 95,98,111,114,153 dallianura, 46 danaae, 194 da'iai, 194 danaida, 102 Daphnella, 100,101 DarlDya, 93 daucus, 85 201 dautzenloergi, 72 davenporti, 122 dawsoni, 165 dealbaca, 109 deaurc/tum, 177 debilis, 103 deburghae, 67 Decacera, 188 Decapoda, 188 decemcostata, 73 decipiens, 156 decora, 43 decorata,, 44 decussata, 32,55,93,94, 148,149 decussatum, 40 decussatus, 39 deflorata, 175 deform! s, 71 degenerata, 41 delesserti,86 delicatula, 20 delicatu.s, 63,102 delphinodonta, 142 delphinuloides, 38 deltoidea, 66 demissurj, 149 Dendronotidae, 124. Dendronotus, 124 dennisoni, 59 Dentaliidae, 137 Deiitaliuin, 137,138,139 dentata, 163 denticulata, 83 denticulatum, 46 denticulatus, 174 dentiferum, 9 7 depressa, 19,20,123 depressus, 23,58 derelicta, 124 dermestina, 80 deshayesi, 40 despecta, 73 despectus, 125 destina, 83 detecta, 89 Detracia, 127 diaderaata, 122 Diaphana, 103 diaphana, 33,68,122,191 , diaphanus, 23 Dibranchia, 188 dicorns-ta, 68 Didianeina, 34 dido, 9 3 didynia, 65 dietziana,, 178 dilatata, 145,180 dilectus, 153 Eillvvynella, 24 '• diminuta, 9 6 ! Dimya, 152 j "Dimyidae, 152 i dinea, 45 I Dinocardiiim, 166 i Diodora, 14,15 i diomedea, 97 | dione, l69.I^ipl'^t^iyra,iao| Diplodonta, 160 | Diplodontidae, 160 j directus, 175 j discobolaria, 49 ; Discopsis, 36 j discors, 150 j disciis, 170 j dislocata, 87 | dispar, 72 j disparile, 138 j disparilis, 109,179 i Dissentoraa, 60 I dissimilis, 69,144 distans, 76 disticha, 90 Distorsio, 61 distorta, 182 divaricata, 29,149 Divaricella, 163 diversa, 120,125 divisus, 175 docata, 43 dohrni, 81 dolabrata, 108 dolana, 89 doliiformis, 120 Doloplianes, 50 domingensis, 146 dominguensis, 158 dorainicanus, 85 Donacidae, 174 donovani, 70 Conax, 174 Doridacea, 122 .Doridella, 123-i:)orididae Doridigitata, 124 Doris, 124 dorriae, 13 dorsalis, 180 dorvillae, 95 Doryteuthis, 189 Dosinia, 170 Douglassia, 92 dowianus, 77 drangai, 78,88 rreissenidae, 160 Dreissensiidae, 160 Drupa, 65 dubia, 81 duclosiana, 69 ,■ r dunkerianum, 4 6 duplicatus, 57 duponti, 79 dysoni, 15 E ebenina, 88 ebersbachi, 193 eboreura, 139 ebur, 89,93 eburnea, 103,105 eburneum, 41,46 ecarinata, 94 ecliinati cos turn, 46 echinatum, 21 e china tus, 154 Echinella, 30 Echininus, 30 Echinochair.a, 164 echinulatus, 35 ecthamba, 192 edulis, 150 edwardiensis, 112 effluens, 154 egniontianum, 165 egregia, 114 ekblawi, 70 Eldridgea, 92 Sledonella, 193 elata, 100,116 electra. 111 elegans, 16,37,53,88, 94,104,124,170,182 elegantissima, 183 elegantula, 112 elegantulura, 167 elephas, 136 elevata, 165 eliceans, 75 eliraa, 43 eliza, 43 elizabethae, 65 elliptica, 157,159, 161 Ellobiidae, 126 Ellobium, 128 elongata, 116,184 elongatus, 127,136 elsa, 43 e 1 s ae , 97 elusiva, 85,95 Elysia, 121 Elysiidae, 121 emarginata, 13 Eraarginula, 12,13 Embletonia, 125 embusa, 69 emersoni, 43 202 emertoni, 98,112,122 Eulimidae, 115 eramonsi, 164 eulitura, 48 enae, 92,93 eulyratus, 153 encia, 91; emipowlusi, 66e\ainyaria, 161 Engina, 73 engonia, 99,109 enida, 69 enna. 111 enople,, 45 Enoploion, 189 Enoploteuthidae, 189 Enoplo teuthididae , 189 Enoptroteuthis, 191 ensioulus, 139 Ensis, 175,176 entale, 138 Entalina, 137 Entovalva, 165 eolis, 15,49 epae, 48 ephamilla, 95 epicasta, 97 epiphanea, 80 Episcynia, 34 Epitoniacea, 46 Epitoniidae, 46 Epitonium, 46,47,48 epomis, 100 equal! s, 188 equestris, 49,156 equivocus, 194 Erato, 54 Eratoidae, 54 erecta, 13 erectispinurn, 47 erectus, 39 eritiiiia, 20 eritraeta, 23 erosum, 37 erraticum, 34 Ervilia, 177 Erycina, 164 ery thro coma, estephomena, esther, 83 ethelae, 81 etterae, 67 Subranchus, eu casta, 18 Euchelus, 18 eucosraia, 90 eucosmius, 77 Eucraosatella, 157 eucym.ata, 169 Eudolium, 62 euglyptum, 21 eugrai'fimata, 100 Eularaellibranchia, 156 Eulima, 115,116 17 75 125 Eunaticina, 57 euphane s , 91,92 Eupleura, 67 euribia, 69 Eurybiidae, 120 euspira, 18 eustictiAin, 189 Euthecosoma-ta, 118 euzonus, 33 evelynae, 83 exanthema, 55 exarata, 94 exaratus, 132 exasperatus, 153 excavata, 22 exigua, 45 exiguus, 125 exilis, 102,111 eximia, 151 exoleta, 37 expansa, 142,144 exquisitus, 35 exsculpta, 95 exserta, 39 extensa, 99 extenuata, 100,173 exustus, 149 P Eacelina, 126 fab a, 149 fabricii, 190 fabula, 157 fanoa, 90 fargoi, 39 fasciata, 22 fascicularis, 16 fascinans, 21 Easciolaria, 76,77 Easciolariidae, 76 fauna, 83 fausta, 172 faustum, 21 feldmanni, 87 femorale, 60 Eeniraorea, 92 fenimorei, 93 fergusoni, 17 fernandina, 108,110,164 fernandinae, 32,83,114, 116,142 fernandiniae, 53 ferruginosa, 161 Eicidae, 62 '•: r ■*■ ■ . ' ^ Ficus, 62 filiata, 163 ?ilit»rancliia, 146 filifera, 33, 98 filo gyrus, 17 filosa, 98 filosus, 25,162 fimbriata, 50,181 firabriatula, 181 f inmarchia, 10 6 Fiona, 125 Fionidae, 125 iirrna, 163 Firoloida, 55 fischeri, 22,29 fischeriana, 183 Fissurella, 16 Fissurellidae, 12 flabella, 158 Flatellinidae, 124 flarrmea, 60,87 flava, 29 f lave sc ens, 8 6 flavum, 138 flavus, 57,127 flexuosa, 172,177,184 floralia, 78 florencae, 88 florida, 81,163 floridana, 20,27,33, 37,61,66,68,87,101, 103,108,114,127,147, 158,162,165,168,180, 181 floridanuni, 40,41,58 floridanus, ^..c-., 40,86, 127,131,132 floridense, 138 floridensis, 23,86,107 florifer, 63 fliictuosa, 168 fluviana, 15 fluviimaris, 79 Fluxina, 39 f oliaceicostum, 46 foilyensis, 66 fordi, 65,79 formosa, 99,111,124, 181,184 f orraosissimuin, 48 fornicata, 51 Fossaridae, 53 Fossarus, 53,54 fossor, 174 foweyensis, 136 fractum, 4 6 fragile, 47,183 fragilis, 45,106,149, 153,176,180 203 fragosus, 153 francesae, 34 fraterna, 144,184 frenulata, 13 fretensis, 170 frielei, 46,98,104 frigida, 144 frinf^illa, 57 fritillaria, 95 frondosus, 124 frons, 156 fucata, 92 fulgidum, 24 fulgurans, 26 fulgurita, 79 fulminata, 168 fulveacens, 64 fulvocincta, 113 Fundella, 151 funiculatus, 132 fusca, 28,83,108,123, 150 fuscata,, 125 fuscatus, 121 fuscocincta, 78 fusiformis, 68 fusina, 83 Fusinus, 77 Fusisyrinx, 93 Fusiturricula, 93 fusus, 116 galDlDi, 50,9 7 Gadinia, 128 Gadiniidae, 128 gaesona, 45 GafrariiuTi, 159 galea, 61 Galeodea, 59 gallus, 52 Ganesa, 23 Gari, 175 Gastrochaena, 179 Gastrocliaenidae, 179 Gastropoda, 12 Gastropteridae, 106 Gastropteron, 10 6 gaudichaudi, 56 Gaza, 22? gaza, 29,52 Geg-ania, 38 Geitodoris, 124 Geim''.ia, 170 geunrxa, 24,103,170,184, 18 6 geniinata, 80 Geimnula, 88 Genota, 94,95 georgiana, 28,33,38,42, 45,69,81,108,114,171 georgiense, 138 gibba, 92,115 Gibberulina, 85 gibbosa, 109,118,152 gibbosum, 55 gibbesi, 157 gibbsi, 157 gibbus, 152,175 gigantea, 77,185 gigas, 52 glabra, 53,104 glabrura, 40 glaciale, 70 glacialis, 23,143,146, 182, 185 glandula, 149 glauca, 51 Glaucidae, 125 Glaucus, 126 globosa, 45,53,54,103, 157 globulifera, 38 globulosa, 121 globulus, 31,72,78,157 glomerula, 146 glossema, 87 Glossodoris, 124 Glycyxieridae, 148 Glycymeris, 143 Glyphepithema, 58 Glypho stoma, 97 Glyphoturris, 98 glypta, 72,73,96,186 glyptus, 152 Gnathodon, 177 goliath, 52 Gonatidae, 190 Gonatus, 190 gondola, 195 goniogyrus, 35 gouldi, 53,70,94,104, 105,137,150,164,172, 180 Gouldia, 157, 169 gouldiana, 81,181 gracile, 60 gracilis, 48,115,158, 194 graiinnatula, 79 granatina, 159,184 grandis, 111,120,136, 141,153,160 Graneledone, 194 granifera, 38 Granigyra, 23 granosi ssim us ,149 granular! s, 61 granulata, 14,38,133, 168,184,185 granu latum, 59 granulatus, 86 granulifera, 181,184 granulosa, 142,160 granu lum, 34 gratulum, 97 grayi, 73 greeni, 42 greenlawi, 136 Gregariella, 150 Grimalditeuthis, 191 grisea, 123 groenlandica, 29,57,80 groenlandicum, 48,70 groenlandicus, 17,153, 166 grosvenori, 17 grundifera, 99 grus, 168 guadalupensis, 104 guadeloupensis, 25 gundlachi, 127 gunner! , 64 gussoni, 154 guttarosea, 18 guttata, 29 guttatum, 84 Gymnobela, 99,100 Gj'ronosoniata, 120 gymnota, 126 Gyrnnotoplax, 107 Gyrineum, 61 Gyrodes, 58 H hadria, 85,98 haema stoma, 66 haematita, 83 Halcion, 16 haliaeeti, 68 halibrectum, 21 Halicardia, 184 halidorema, 92 halimera, 185 haliostrephis, 90 Kaliotidae, 12 Haliotis, 12 halistreptus, 77 Halopsephus, 26 Falopsyche, 121 hamillei, 27 Kami no ea, 104 Kanleya, 130 hanleyx, 80,130 harpa, 31 harpularia, 94 204 hartleyana, 83 harvardiensis, 121 harveyi, 190 hastata, 88 hastula, 65,191 hatterasensis, 92 haycocki, 79,111 haysae, 66 hebes, 72,94,102,142 hecuba, 112 Helcion, 16 helenae, 77 heliacus, 152 helicina, 118 helicinus, 17 helicoidea, 33 helicoides, 118 hemiptera, 189 Hemitoma, 13 hemphilli, 98,109,111, 116,131,182 hendersoni, 22,36,38, 48,79,80,91,97,110, 114,117,173 Heptapus, 194 Hermaea, 121 herminea, 97 heros, 57 Herse, 119 hespera, 114 hesperia, 91 heteroclita, 128 Heterodonax, 175 Heterodonta, 156 Keterodorididae, 124 Heterodoris, 124 Keteropoda, 56 hexagona, 65 hians, 155,179,195 Hiatella, 177 Kiatellidae, 177 hiatus, 165 hidalgoi, 64 hiemalis, 103 hilda, 92 Hipponicacea, 49 Hipponicidae, 49 Hipponix, 49,50 hircus, 44 hirundo, 151 hispidula, 72 Histioteuthidae, 190 Histioteuthis, 190 histrio, 80 holme si, 154 holograpta, 57 Komalogyra, 36 Homalogyridae, 36 Homalopoma, 26 honora, 43 hotessieri, 68,75 hotessieriana, 22,48 howelli, 62 huesonica, 25 humilis, 24 humphreysi, 46 humphreysianum, 70 hunteria, 7 6 Hyalina, 84,85 hj'-alina, 155,181 Hyalocylis, 119 hyatti, 188 Hydatina, 103 Hydatinidae, 103 Hydrobia, 30 Hydrobiidae, 30 hydrophanum, 70 hyperborea, 192 hypergonia, 114 hyperlissa, 101 hystricinus, 64 ibex, 45 ictericus, 154 Idaliella, 123 Idas, 149 idiochila, 83 idothea. 111 Idulia, 124 Iduliidae, 124 Illex, 191 illecebrosus, 191 illicita, 99 Ilyanassa, 76 imbricata, 25,66.4 imbrifer, 153 iiranaculata, 82, 115 immaculatus, 57 imitator, 99 immitator, 83 imperial! s, 18 impressa, 110 inaequalis, 146,161 inaequivalve, 183 incertum, 35 incessa, 83 Incirrata, 193 incisa, 112 incisula, 94 incisus, 102 inclinata, 56 incongrua, 147 inconspicua, 23,144 incrassatus, 161 incurvatus, 51 index, 132 indigen-:!., 45 induta, 26 inepta, 83 inequale, 185 inexhaustum, 70 inezae, 153 inflata, 45,118,142, 144,155,173 inf]3 xa, 118 infundibulum, 19,76, 106 inimica, 90 ino, 92 Inodrillia, 01,92 inornata, 181 insculpta, 154,184 insignis, 161 inspinata, 75 instructum, 40 insuiaris, 169 intapurpurea, 167 inta-striata, 173 interriiedia, 4?, 55, 116 intermedium, 55 interrupta, 112, 117, 171 interruptus, 34 intortus, 51 intricata, 73 ionica, 20 iontha, 68 iota, 135 ipara, 96 Iphigenia, 174 ira, 116 iridea, 19 iris, 19,144,171 irradians, 15:^ irregularis, 39 irrorata, 29 ischna, 96 I schno chiton, 132 Tsclmocliitonidae, 131 iselini, 191 islandica, 57,71,154, 159 isonardia, 155 Isognomon, 151 loognomonidae, 151 Issena, 122 jacksoni, 313 142 jamaicense, 133 jaiiiaicensis, 17,91, 116, 142, 147 , 162 janeirensis, 131 205 janetae, 88,92 jan-ruayeni, 31 Ja-nthina, 45 janthina, 45 Janthinidae, 45 jaspidea, 73, £3 jaspideus, 85 jciiimei, 15 jeannae, 35 jeffreysi, 38,98,144, 185. .7r uanne t la, 2.9") johnsoni, 17,40,92 johnstoneae, 81 joubini, 194 jujubinum, 21 juliae, 86 Jumala, 71 junonia, 80,81 juvenis, 102 K icampsa, 22 katherinae, 110,181 Kellia, 164 Kellieiia, 159 Kelliellidae, 159 keraudreni, 56 kieneri, 75,81 kjoeriana, 178 Koonsia, 107 koto, 53 krausei, 173 krelosi, 38,46,60,128 kre'osiana, 178 kroyeri, 73 kugleri, 62 kurriana, 177 kurtzi, 113 Kurtziella, 97 L labiatuiu, 84 Labiosa, 176 labiosuiu, 61 labradorensis, lacera, 122 lacertosa, 191 lacriiTiula, 85 52 lacte; 85 lacteosa, 38 lacteus, 56,107 lactuca, 67,163 Lacuna, 28,29 lacuna tus, 102 lacunella, 19,64 Lacunidae, 28 Laemodonta, 128 Laevicardium, 166 laevigata, 32,53,63,171 laeviga+um, 166 laevigatus, 150 laevior, 80 laevis, 19,30,113,123 lamanoni, 56 lamarcki, 5 6 Lamellaria, 52,53 Lamellariidae, 52 Lamellibranchia, 141 lamellifer, 35 lamellifera, 135 lamellosa, 18,65,185 laraellosum, 47 laminifera, 155 lajnpra, 31 lanceata, 99 lance olata, 74,125 lapicida, 170 lapillus, 66 laqueatum, 137 largillierti, 71 larva, 14 lastica, 96 lata, 19,115,145,155 lateralis, 28,150,176 latericea, 71 latilirata, 168 latior, 31 latirif oiTie , 78 Latirus, 76 latispina, 25 latus, 170 laurenti, 153 laurentiana, 157 lavalleana, 84 lavaratum, 49 leachi, 107 leanum, 183 Ledella, 143 Ledidae, 14 2 leeanum, 43 Leiorij'-a, 185 Lei)straca, 116 leiph£., 43 lemur, 192 lens, 163 lenticula, 144 lentus, 194 Lepeta, 16 Lepetella, 28 Lepetellidae, 28 Lepetidae, 16 lepidochitonidae, 130 Lepidopleurida , 130 Lepidopleuridae, 130 Lepidopleurus, 130 lepidum, 164 leptalea, 28,31,37, 71,99 leptaleus, 56,153 Leptaxinus, 151 Leptodrillia, 91 Leptogyra, 23 Lepton, 164 Leptonacea, 164 Leptonidae, 164 leptonoidea, 173 Leptothyra, 26 lerema, 35 leriuondi, 40 lesboni, 122 lesueuri, 56,118 ieta, 111 leuca , 96 leucocynia, 89,162 leucoiiiata, 99 Leuconia, 128 leucophaeata, 160 leucophlegiaa, 50 leucopleura, 17 leucoptera, 188 leucosphaera, 53 Leuco syrinx, 88 Leucozonia, 76 levicula, 57 levi cuius, 64 liella, 91 lienosa, 147 ligatus, 78 lilacina, 44 Lima, 155 lima, 106,155 limacif ormis, 132 Liraacina, 118 limacina, 101,120 Limacinidae, 118 Limapontia, I'il Limapontiidae , 121 limata, 23,115 Limatula, 155 limatula, 16,87,143, 185 limatulum, 84 limijatus, 74 Limea, 155 limicola, 54 Limidae, 15 5 limonitella, 97 Limopsidae, 148 Limopsis, 148 limpida, 165 limula, 173 lineata, 30,lfL8,i72, 176 lineatuti, 47 lineatus, 40,126 20 6 linella, 164 lineola, 99 lineolaris, 152 lineolata, 123 linnei, 26 lintea, 172 linteatura, 48 linoeus, 172 lintoni, 67 Lioberus, 150 Iioc3rraa, 168 liocyiTiata, 154 liogona, 157 lioica, 174 LiomesuSj 70 lionta, 100 liorhina, 143 Liostraca, 116 liostracoides, 102 Liotia, 24 liozonis, 132 lira, 93 liratula, 72 lirata, 36 Lischkeia, 18 lisaa, 103 lissocona, 19,28 lissotropis, 90 listera, 31 listeri, 15,151,167 literatuin, 41 Litliophaga, 150,151 Litiopa, 42 littorea, 29 Littorina, 29,30 Littorinacea, 28 Littorinidae, 29 lituspaliaarum, 35 livida, 58,72,109 lividomaculata, 22 Livona, 22 lobatuin, 137 Lobiger, 121 Loliginacea, 188 Loliginidae, 188 Loli^^o, 1B9 Lolliguncula, 189 longicallis, 174 longicornis, 55 longipes, 164 longirostris, 118 longi spina, 25 longleyi, 52 loria, 9L:longissima,44 Lora, 9 3,94 loraef onuis, 96 Lorica, 132 Loripinus, 162 lottae, 99,10 3 louisae, 111 lubrica, 19 Luca.pina, 15 Lucapinella, 16 lucida, 106,108,144 Lucina, 161, 162 Lucinacea, 160 Lucinidae, 161 lunata, 68,69 Lunatia, 57 lunula, 136 lunulata, 157 I'li-escens, 87 Ly^liphnis, 36 ly.nani, 42,85 ly:.me if ormis, 100 lyocyraata, 154 Lyonsia, 181 Lyonsiella, 183,184 Lyonsiidae, 181 M macandrei, 118 macandrewi, 118 macdonaldi, 120 mgcerophylla, 163 macgintyi, 55,61,64,76, 101 macilenta, 89 maclaini, 64 Macoma, 172,173 macra, 66,88 Macro callista, 169 Macromphalina, 33 Biacropus, 194 Mactra, 176 Mactracea, 176 mactracea, 157 Mactridae, 176 mac tro ides, 168 maculata, 169 maculatum, 58 maculatus, 64 Kaculopeplum, 81 maculosa, 51,61 niaculostriata, 22 madagascariensis, 60 Magilidae, 67 magna, 171 magnum, 165 mainensis, 52 Mallet ia, 14 5. Malletiidae, lA'o malmi, 100 m.altbiana, 54 msimillata, 117 mamona, 91 man an en sis, 125 Mangelia, 95,9 6,97 manhattanensis, 170 mansf ieldi, 67 marcoense, 47 margarita, 85,184 Margarites, 17,18 Margaritifera, 151 margaritif orr.iis, 36 margin ata, 124 Marginella, 82,83,84, 85 Marginellidae, 82 Ivlar inula, 127 inarinus, 126 inarionae, 22, 81 iiia-i"iti:na, 179 marinoi'atui'a, 154 ZiiarrriO ratus , 133 mar:norea, 130 in ax 0 c c a n a , 58 Marsenina, 53 martensi, 42 Martesia, 130 mart ha, 92 martiniana, 75 martinianuni, 58,60 martinicensis, 172 iaarylandica, 127 maSoarita, 33 Mastigoteuthis, 191 ma tar a, 43 Mathilda, 38 Mathildidae, 37 Eiaugeriae, 54 mayoi, 104 maycri, 52,135 mazei, 87 mazycki, 167 media, 166,135 mediterranea, 56 meekl, 102 nieekiana, 77 me gal ops, I'fO mesaptera , 1^8 , 189 , 19 3' megistus, 17 6 Meioceras, 40 melampoiaes, 102 Me larapu s , 12 6 ,127 Ldelarxella, 116 Melanellidae, 115 melanitica, 96 me lano stoma, 42 melanura, 44 melea, 114 meleagris, 29 Melongena, 74,75 melongena, 75 Melongenidaa, 74 207 melvilli, 86 mendicaria, 130 mera, 171 mercatoria, 67 iViercenaria, 167 mercenaria, 167 merida, 43 meridionale, 138 riesodesroa, 177 Me s 0 d e sma t i da e , 177 Mesogastropoda, 28 mesoleuca, 88 mespilluiii, 29 messanensis, 143 messorius, 63 meta, 15 meto-hrunnea, 73 metaxae, 4 3 mete or a, 45 mexicana, 98 raiamensis, 136 mia::da, 92 ivIicroof,rdium, 166 Microdochus, 32 )7iicrodonta, 184 micrcioris, 25,117 liicro^;;aza, 20 microgonia, 83 micrograinmata, 24 i:icrojr..eio, 103 micror/'.ina, 185 microsco])ica, 82 Ilicrotr:-. lia, 128 Microyoldia, 14 4 nighelsi, 113 migrans, 50 mildrodcae, 154 mini ata, 25 miniv;a, 41,83 nodesta, 24,32,39,109, 123 mode stun, 47 'lodiolaria, 150 Modiolus, 149 modiolus, 149 liodulidae, 40 Modulus, 40 modulus, 40 rao 1 e cu 1 i na , 68 mblleri, 164 Mblleria, 34 Mblleriopsis, 25 mollis, 194 raonile, 127 monilifera, 73 nonilis, 89,127 Monilispira, 39 monocingulata, 20 Monostiolmu, 74 Montacuta, 165 noorei, 79 I;cpaliidae, 131 mbrchi, 105 morcViiana, 49 morra, 96 morrhuant'., 168 moraei, 180 mortoni, 166 Mo rum, 59 moaeri, 92 motacilla, 62 Im c r 0 na 1 i a , 117 Mulinia, 176 multan:'jula, 65 nulticarinata, 34 multicostata, 32, 113, 186 multilineata, 31,69,162' multilineatus, 17 rainimui-'., 41^ minir* sea,66ir:.ultispinosus, b< minii.iub, 117 minor, 75,85,176 minus, 58 minuscula, 23, 144, 165 m.inuscuiuins 128 ird nu s culu s , 135 ::d nu ta , 15,30,84,103, 142,148,159 i;i.i nu t i 3 s i ;. .u s , 17 minutus, 105,117,161 miona, 113 mioni'13, 18 mira^ilis, 44,127,172 mitciielli, 49, 173 Mi tra ,79,305 :..Ii tr e 1 la mitrell:.-,, 94 Mitridae, 79 Tvitror^orpha, 100 mitrula. 94 multi striata, 33 multistriatui-i, 47 Eur ex, 62,63,64 jluricacea, 62 j.iuricata, 123 muri catum, 64 , 78, 165 ::uricatus, 30,162 iiuincidae, 62 Muricidea, 65 I'-iUricinu::-, 60 wiurioopsis, 55 :iaxs, 55,3S|muric»ides,6 6 muse ape dium., 4 7 r.uscarum, 42 muscosus, 152 I'lusculus, 150 ■-..usica, 30 mutica, 79 l.iya, '7R IJyacea, 170 Irlyacidae, 178 myalis, 143 myiaj 111 ]\.1y idae, 178 Ivlyonera, 185,186 myopsis, 182 rnyosotis, 127 i^yrtea, 163 iilysella, 164,165 mystica, 67 liilytilacea, 148 I'lytilidae, 149 Liytilopsis, 160 ilytilus, 150 IT nana, 90,157,180 nanus, 52,57,153 Nassa, 75 nassa, 76 ITas sari idae , 75 Nassarina, 73 Nassarius, 75,75 nassula, 87,162 nasuta, 177,178 Natica, 58 Naticacea, 56 l!laticarius, 58 ITaticidae, 56 naticoides, 108 naufraga, 14 navalis, 180 neaeroides, 184 nebulosa, 29 nebulosum, 59,40 nelDulosus, 86 JTeilonella, 145 nemea, 111 Neodrillia, 91 Neogastropoda, 62 ITeosiinnia, 55 Neptunea, 73 neptunia, 81 Nerita, 26 ITeritidae, 26 Neritina, 27 neritoidea, 28 nesaeum, 35 Kesta, 14 niger, 150 nigra, 150 nigrescens, 41 nigricans, 39 nigrocincta, 44 nigrolabra, 76 nimtosa, 169 Niso, 117 208 nisonis, 29 nitens, 145,177 nitida, 20,25,103,108, 159,182 Mtidella, 68 nitidellum, 47 nitidula, 68,104 nitiduni, 40 nitidus, 102,136 nivea, 54,79,83,111 niveus, 108 nix, 54 noacliina, 14 noToiliana, 83 nobilis, 35,38,61,94, 105,125 ITodilittorina, 30 nodosa, 16,82 nodosus, 153 nodulosa, 65,79,155 nodulosus, 30 Foetia, 147,148 nonica, 111 nordica, 13 norx'-egica, 180 notabilis, 147 ITotarc.hus, 107 notata, 13,160,167 lloto'branclaaea, 120 novangliae, 47,158,180 noveincostatum, 4 6 novirnundi, 127 nuToilus, 57 nuceus, 64,152 nucleata, 91,115 nucleif ormis, 160 nucleus, 40 Nucula, 141,142 ITuculacea, 141 ITuculana, 142,143 ITuculanidae, 142 Kuculidae, 141 nuculoides, 173 nuda, 50 ITudibranchia, 122 nuttingi, 54,78 >Iystiella, 49 0 obeliscus, 65,113 obesa, 68,71,107,185 obesiusculus, 105 obesus, 135,194 oblifl-at"., 29 obliterata, 141 oblonga, 85 obscura, 19,123 obsoleta, 76 obtectum, 35 obtusa, 104,145 obtusata, 30 occidentale, 21,47,137 occidentali s, 52,103, 128,138,141,146 occulta, 105 ocella, 83 ocellata, 58,75 Ocenebra, 66 Ocinebra, 66 Octopoda, 192 Octopodacea, 193 Octopodidae, 193 Octopodoteuthidae, 189 Octopodoteuthopsis, 189 Octopus, 193,194 octoradiata, 13 Ocythoe, 195 Ocythoidae, 194 Odostomia, 109,110 Okeniidae, 125 Genoa, 97 oleacea, 116 Oliva, 78 olivacea, 24,44 olivaceus, 18 Olivella, 78,79 Olividae, 78 olorinella, 78 omala, 36 Oinalaxis, 35 OKUiiastrephes, 191 Oirirnastrephidae, 190 Oiinnatostrephidae, 190 Onchidella, 101 Onchidiata, 101 Onchidiidae, 101 Onchidiopsis, 53 Onchidorididae, 122 Onchidoris, 122,123 Onchidorus, 123 oncliodes, 148 oniscus, 59 Onoba, 31 Onychia, 190 Onykia, 190 Onychoteuthidae, 189 Onychoteuthis, 190 Oocorythidae, 58 Oocorys, 59 Opalia, 48,49 opalina, 49,03 operculata, 175,178 ophiodon, 116,139 opifex, 150 Opisthobranchia, 101 Opisthoteuthidae, 193 Opisthoteuthis, 193 orbicularis, 162 orbiculsita, 146,161, 162,163 orbignyi, 36,74 orellana, 90 orientalis, 173 orion, 21 orixa, 143 ornata, 123,154,183 ornatissima, 186 ornatus, 23 oryza, 106 ossiana, 72 ossiani, 71 Ostrea, 156 Ostreacea, 156 ostrearum, 65,89 ostreicola, 68 Ostreidae, 156 ottoi, 18 ovalis, 127,147 ovata, 142,164,179 ovatus, 105 ovilensis, 110 ovoidea, 161 ovula, 127 Ovulactaeon, 102 ovulata, 67 Ovulidae, 55 ovuliformis, 85 oxia, 11,96 oxychone, 50 oxyglyptum, 7 3 oxygymSf 56 Oxynoidae, 121 ox3^tata, 96 oxytatus, 105 pachia, 144 packardi, 99 Paedoclionej 120 pagodula, 93 Palaeoconcha, 141 Palio, 122 palliatus, 193 pallida, 57,05,189 pallidula, 28 pallidas, 125 palmae, 27 palnialitoris, 33 Paludestrina, 30 Panacea, 182 pandionis, 99,136 Pandora, 181,182 Pandoracea, 181 Pandoridae, 181 Panomya, 178 209 Panope, 173 paphia, 168 papillosa, 126 papillosus, 132 papyraceijun, 183 papyraceus, 153 papyratia, 62 papyratium, 183 pap3'-ria, 150 Papyri dea, 165,166 paradoxa, 28 parallella, 116 parallelus, 102 Parajnya, 178 parasitica, 36 Parastarte, 170 paria, 92 particolor, 102 parva, 28,72,73,157, 185 Parvi turbo, 33,34 Parviturboides, 34 parvula, 68,107 parvus , 136 Patellacea, 16 Patellidae, 16 pathousis, 192 patula, 66,116 patulum, 70 paucistriata, 185 pauli, 34 pauper, 14 pauperata, 171 pauper cula, 65 pavo, 192 pazi, 64 pealei, 189 peali, 85 Pecten, 152, 153 Pectinacea, 152 pectinata, 123,148 pectinatus, 132,162 pectinella, 163 Pectinidae, 152 pect inula, 149 pectunculoides, 145, 147 Pedalion, 151 Pedicularia, 55 pedi cuius, 54 Pedipes, 127 peilei, 111 pelagia, 9 5 pelaG:ica, 31,124 Pelecypoda, 141 pelliceri, 139 pellucens, 128 pellucida, 53,33,155, 165 pellucidum, 16 pellucidus, 150 peloronta, 26 pendata, 115 peiiinsulum, 61 penna, 116 pennacea, 148 pensylvanica, 161 pentagonalis, 89,93 pentapleura, 89 Peracle, 120 Peraclidae, 119 Peraclis, 120 per acuta, 38 peramabile, 166 percompacta, 96 percompressa, 165 perdecorata, 100 perdix, 61,70 perforata, 24 perforatus, 102 pergranatus, 130 peripla, 96 Periploraa, 182,183 Periplomatidae, 182 periscelida, 88 periscopia, 18 periscopiana, 164 peristephes, 59 Peristichia, 109 perla, 57 perlepida, 112 perlineata, 58 perlongiori, 139 perlucida, 69 perminuta, 71 permodestum, 47 permollis, 156 pernobilis, 48 pernula, 14 3 peroni, 56 Perotrochus, 12 perplana, 158 perplicata, 105 perrieri, 165 perrostrata, 186 perrugata, 66 perryaes 86,90,97 Persicula, 84 perspectivxim, 21,58 perspinosa, 75 pertenue, 16 per tenuis, 104 perversa, 44,116,183 perversum, 75 perviridis, 107 pocala, 4 3 Petaloconchus, 39 petersoni, 90 ■/;:•.• J i "J. petiti, 104 Petricola, 170 Petricolidae, 170 pexata, 147 Phacoides, 162 phalera, 98 Phalium, 59 phaneus, 63 pharcida, 90 pharcidum, 60 phaseolina, 182 Phasianella, 26 Phasiancllida,e, 26 Phasianepxi, 108 phasnia, 89 Phenacolepas, 27 Phenacolepidae, 27 plienax, 173 Philtertia, 100 Phi line, 106 Philinidae, 106 philippiana, 15,65, 162 pliiltata, 83 Plioladidae, 179 pholadiformis, 170 pholadis, 177 Pholadomyidae, 182 Pholas, 179 Ehos, 73 phrixodes, 13 phrygius, 153 Phylloda, 172 physis, 103 Phytia, 127 pica, 22 picea, 156 picta, 18 pic turn, 166 pilata, 126 Pilidium, 53 pilosa, 123 pilsbryi, 36,48,97, 121,138,159 pilula, 169 Pinctada, 151 pingeli, 94 Pinna, 151 pinnata, 125 Pinnidae, 151 pinnulatuE'i, 157 Pira, 127 piragua, 55 piratica, 30 piraticus, 81,87 Pisania, 74 piscatoruin, 1°4 pisif orrais, 172 Pitar, 168,16? 210 Placiphora, 131 Placiphorella, 131 plana, 51,148,161 plana ta, 106 Planaxid.ae, 40 Planaxis, 40 planorlois, 33,36 planula, 19,72 planulata, 164 plataiiiodes, 137 platensis, 135 plelDeius, 175 pie eta, 14 plectriam, 70 pleei, 189 plei, 189 plena, 193 Pleuro'cranchaea, 107 Pleurobranchidae, 107 Pleuro'oranchus , 107 Pleurocoela, 101 Pleurodcn, 148 Pleuroploca, 77 pleurotomaria, 94 Pleurotomariacea, 12 Pleurotoinariidae, 12 Pleuroto;r.ella, 98,99 plica,ta,, 161 plicatella, 176 Plicatula, 152 plicatula, 149 Plicatulidae, 152 plicatulum, 122 plicatulus, 149 Plicifusus, 73 plicosa, 9 6 pliculosa, 41 Pneumo derma, 120 Pneumo no derma, 120 Pneumodermatidae, 120 pocaliontasae, 110,113 poculum, 136 Pododesmus, 155,156 polacium, 48 polaris, 157 poliacu2!i, 48 PolinicGs, 56,57 ijolita, 114,119,14 5, 150 Polycerella, 122 Polj'-cRridae, 122 Polviuesoda, 158 polynyiia, 17 6 Polj^stira, 88 polytcrta, 90 porapholyx, 24, 32, 100, 145 pompona, 45 pomui'a, 63 ponderosa, 148 pontogenes, 34 Poromya, 184 Poromyidae, 184 portoricense, 137 portoricensis, 136 pourtalesi, 12,47,96 pourtalesianum, 154 powhatani, 113 praecox, 33 precipitata, 31 pressvim, 139 pretiosa, 185 priraa, 60 Prir.iovula, 55 princeps, 14,190 Pristigloma, 145 procera, 156 prodita, 53 producta, 44,108 proficua, 173 profundi, 14,69 profundicola, 71,72, 147,148 project a, 69 pror/iera, 171 Propeamussium, 154 Propeamussiidae, 154 Propilidium, 16 propior, 102 propius, 102 Prosobranchia, 12 protea, 107 proteus, 86 protexta, 87,158,159 Protobranchia, 141 protracta, 113 protractus, 174 providensis, 136 proxinia, 12,123,142 proxiraus, 23 Prunum, 84 Psarainosolen, l'/6 Psarostola, 73 Pseudochama, 163 Pseudocyrena, 158 Pseudoglomue, 145 pseudohexagonuiii, 138 Pseudomalaxis, 35 Pseudoneptune ', 65 Pseudorotella, 23,24 Pseudothecosomata, IIQ' psila, 100 psyche, 20 Pteria, 151 Pteriacea, 151 Pteriidae, 151 Pteropoda, 117 pteropus, 191 X ■ :.• . ' \ Pterotrachea, 56 Pterotracheidae, 56 Ptychatractus, 78 Ptycho salpinx, 72 puber, 167 pu"bescens, 72 puella, 79 pugilis, 52 pulchella, 26,50,43, 45,56,68,80,123,157 pulchelluin, 40 pulchellus, 100 pulcher, 63 pulcherriraa, 17,84 pulchra, 26 pulchrum, 21 Pulmonata, 125 puirdla, 13 pumilio, 49 puncta, 113 punctata, 15,160 punctostriatus, 102, 105 punctulata, 17 Puncturella, 13, L4 punicea, 113 pupa, 26 Puperita, 25,27 pur a, 59 Purperita, 27 Purpura, 66 purpurascens, 132,173 purpurea, 170 Pusia, 80 pusilla, 58,79,94,112, 127 pusillus, 102 pusio, 74,143 Pusiolina, 80 pus tula, 16 pustulata, l'?,125 pustulosus, 153 pycnoneiTia, 13 pygmaea, 72,94,131, 144,161,168,193 pygriiaeus, 63,86 pyrainida, lib py rami data , 119 Pyramidella, 108,109 Pyranudellacea, 107 Pyrainidellidae, 107 Pyrene, 67 Pyrenidae, 67 Pyrgoc^rthara, 98 Pyrgopsis, 192 pyrrha, 45,112 pyrrhias, 32 Pyrunoulus, 104,105 pyrura, 75 211 Q quadrangularis , 143 quadrans, 157,172 quadrata, 96,106,159 quadridentata, 119 quadridentatus, 136 quadripunctata, 54 quadri sulcata, 163 quoyanus, 12 quillingi, 180 R radialis, 148 radians, 162,163 radiata, 23,88,151, 171,174 radiatus, 151 rajtnosa, 122 rangi, 53 l^angia, 177 raninus, 52 r a nu n cu lu s , 86 rastridens, 135 rathbuni, 28,94,113 raveneli, 39,152,176 rawsoni, 22,41 re'oeccaense, 137 reclivata, 27 reclusixra, 36 recta., 105 rectiuscula, 116 recurva, 119 recurvata, 163 recurvirostris, 63 recurvus, 149 redfieldi, 84,127 re eve i, 77 regalis, 13 regius, 86 regulare, 137 regularis, 135,144, lo5 render i, 54,60 Rehderia, 31 reraigata, 125 resticula, 109 reticularis, 78 reticulata, 28,82,113, 120,14 5 reticulatum, 37 reticulosa, 100 reticulum, 153 reti::era, 49,100 retroversa, 118 Retusa, 104 Hetusidae, 104 reversa, 190 rhabdea, 9 6 rlaea, 112 rhina, 19 rhizophorae, 156 Rhizorus, 105 r}xyssa, 20,33,115 rigida, 152,167 riisei, 25 Rirnula, 13 Ringicula, 103 Ringiculidae, 102 Rissoa, 31,32 Rissoacea, 30 Rissoella, 37 Rissoellidae, 37 Rissoidae, 31 Rissoina, 32 robusta, 81,124 robustius, 55 robustun, 165 robustus, 124 Rocellaria, 179 Roche fortia, 164 roemeri, 174 rornbergi, 172 roosevelti, 84 rosacea, 69 rosea, 15,56,66,94 roseoluia, 21 Rossia, 188 rossmassleri, 160 rostrata, 84,l'79,184,ia5 rostratula, 177 rotella, 20 rotunda, 23,54,161 rotunda ta, 134 rubella, 17,97 Rubellatoma, 97 ruber, 152 rubida, 13 rubidus, 6Z rubra, 164 rubricata., 171 rubrum, 106 rudis, 29,87,151,155 ruf ibranchialis, 125 rufus, 63 ru,;atina, 167 ruginosa, 186 rugiriiiia, 98 rugosa, 131,182 rugosum, .82, rugosus, 193 rugulosun, 24 Rupellaria, 170 rupicola, 47 rupicolui:!, 47 rushi, 20,38,45,47,69, 72,77,87,115,122,136 rustica, 66 rusticoides, 67 rutila, 125 ryalea, 110 ryclea, 110 sat)inei, 72 sabinii, 72 Sacoglossa, 121 sagena, 100 sagenata, 70 sagittata, 150 sagra, 10 6 ss,graiana, 32,58 sagrinata, 147,163 sallasi, 63 salleana, 88 salmonacea, 125 salsa, 30 sanianae, 45 samanensis, 68 samba, 52 sanctaemarthae, 176 Sandalops, 192 sandersoni, 51,70,99, 10 5 Sanguinolaria, 174,175 Sanguinolariidae, 174 sanguinolentc, 174 sanibelensis, 34,89 sapiduiTi, 21 sapotilla, 143 sarasotensis, 158 sarda, 163 sarsi, 94,161 sauridens, 135 saxatilis, 29 Saxicava, 177 Saxicavidae, 177 say ana, 78 sayanum, 22,154 Sayella, 109 sayi, 15,171 scabra, 106,155 scabriuscula, 18 scalariforme, 65 scalariforrais, 41 scalaris, 22,50,94 Scaphander, 105 Scaphandridae, 105 Scaphella, 80,81 Scaphopoda, 135 sclieepmakeri, 77 sciirnitti, 81 schrarami, 77,133,162 schroederi, 90 schwengelae, 116 scipio, 47,96 212 scissuratus, 76 Scissurella, 12 Scissurellidae, 12 scitula,, 38 Sconsia, 59 Scorpio, 194 Scyllaea, 124 Scyllaeidae, 124 Scyphomya, 180 secticostata, 147 seguenzae, 183 Seguenzia, 20 Sella, 44 Semele, 173,174 Semelidae, 173 seraiaspera, 160 eemiauritus, 151 seraicingulatus, 102 semicostata, 180 semif errugineum, 41 s emi gr an 0 sa , 23 seminuda, 110 semiplicata, 68 Semirossia, 188 semi striata, 23,103 semi stri datum, 139 semi sulcata, 5 7,166 senilis, 114 sennottorum, 86 sentis, 154 sentoi^ia, 45 Separatista, 50 Sepiacea, 188 sepioidea, 189 Sepiolidae, 188 Sepioteuthis, 189 septemstriatum, 41 septentrionalis, 182 Septibranchia, 183 serga, 96 sericatum, 71, 138 sericea, 144 sericifila, 96 sericifilum, 47 serina, 44 Serpulorbis, 39 serrata, 152 Serripes, 166 setifera, 155 sharpi, 10 3 shuttleworthianus, 132 sicula, 13 Sigatica, 57 sigerfoosi, 180 signatiim, 55 significans, 74 sigsbeeana, 43 sigsbeei, 38,88,153 Sillqua, 175 siliqua, 177 Siliquaria, 39 Siliquariidae, 39 similis, 68,171,176 Simnia, 55 simplex, 72,155,161,171 simpsoni, 93,136,168 sincera, 25 sinuata, 106 Sinum, 58 sinuosa, 163 Siphonaria, 128 Siphonariidae, 128 Siphonium, 39 Siphonodentaliidae, 135 Siphonodentalium, 137 sirena, 112 Sistriom, 66 Skeneopsidae, 36 Skeneopsis, 36 skomma, 150 Smaragdia;, 27 sm.i-uhi, 57,82,109,145, 15'\,158,180 Solariella, 18,19 Solariorbis, 33 Solecurtas, 176 Solemya, 141 Solomyacea, 141 Solerayidae, 141 Solenv 176, Solenacea, 175 Solenidae, 175 solenif ormis, 165 Solenorayidae, 141 solenoides, 143 solida, 24,103 solidifacta, 143 solidissima, 176 solidula, 29,143 solidum, 59 solitaria, 104 sombrerensis, 162 somersiana, 68 soror, 160 souleyetiana, 173 sov/erbyi, 15,121,139 sozoni, 86 spadicea, 61 sparsipunctata, 73 spathulifer, 154 spectabilis, 52,136 spectralis, 148 Spengleria, 179 spenglerianus, 25 sphaera, 27 spicule sa, 131 spilota, 84 spinella, 60 w^ spinicauda, 191 spinigera, 28 spinosa, 165 spinulosa, 23,25 spiralis, 18 spirata, 39 Spiratella, 118 Spiratellidae, 118 spiratum, 75 Spirula, 188 spirula, 188 Spirulidae, 188 Spisula, 176 spitzbergensis, 72 spizantha, 69 splendida, 91 splendidula, 117 Spondylidae, 154 spondyloideaj 152 Spondylus, 154 Sportella, 159 sportella, 14 Sportellidae, 159 springeri, 147 spurca, 54 spurius, 86 squama, 175 squama ta, 39 squamifera, 172 squamosus, 133 squamulosa, 151 stamina, 115 Stauroteuthidae, 192 Stauroteuthis , 192 stearina, 99 5stegeri,87 stearnsi, 68,36 stellata, 97,125 Stellatoma, 9 7 stemraa, 69 stenoschizum, 139 stenostoraa, 116 stewardsoni, 32 Sthenorytis, 48 Sthenoteuthis, 191 Stilbe, 115 Stilifer, 117 stilifera, 115 Stiliferidae, 117 Stiliger, 121 Stiligeridae, 121 stimpsoni, 30,66,67, 70,72,86,113,117,125, 138,168,179,180,182 Stoloteuthis, 188 Stomatella, 18 storeria, 84 straminea, 79 striata, 36,42,59,103, 115 , 119 , 157 , 177 , 180,186 213 striatella, 185 striatinum, 137 striatula, 114,165 striatum, 51,71 striatus, 23,153,174 stricta, 111,144 Strigilla, 172 strigillatus, 153 strigillina, 167 striolata, 144 striolatus, 132 striosa, 32 Strombacea, 51 Strombidae, 52 Strombus, 52 strongyla, 96 styliformis, 114 Styliola, 119 styliola, 79 styria, 79,85 suava, 117 subaequilatera, 143, 144,157 subagile, 137 subalbida, 44 sub3ingulata, 99,144 sub annul at a, 37 subauriculata, 155 subcrijapechiensis,167 subcarinata, 116 subcircularis, 96 subcoronata, 75 Subemarginula, 13 subglobosa, 160 subgrundif era, 38 subimbrifer, 153 sublaevis, 184,188 sublevis, 143 suborbicularis, 164 subovata, 142,145,155, 161,178 subquadrata, 184 subradiata, 167 subrostrata, 16,54,168 subrufus, 50 sub si da, 9 6 substricitus, 150 subtorta, 185 subtriplicata, 85 subturgida, 94 subula, 119,135 subulata, 43,113 subumbilicatum, 20 subvitrea, 94 succinea, 30,84,104, 127 succisa, 151 suffusa, 15,54 suima.ca,, 91 sulcata, 59,79,80,104, 148 sulcidentata, 67 sulcifera,99 sulcosa, 110 sulphurea, 123 sumneri, 113 superba, 22 suppressus, 35 supranitidus, 35 swainsoni, 79 sv/ifti, 74 swiftiana, 178 sybaritica, 171 sybariticum, 166 Symmetrogephyrus, 131 syiTiinetros, 165 Syncera, 32 Synceratidae, 32 Synceridae, 32 syngenes, 32 Syntoraodrillia, 90 syrtensis, 73,192 tabulata, 19 tachnodes, 97 Tachyrhynchus, 37 taeniolata, 43 tagelif ormis, 173 Tagelus, 175 tainoa, 91 tampaense, 22 taiiipaensis, 66,89,171 tanora, 84 tanneri, 15,94 Taonius, 192 tanquaryi, 71 tantula, 90 taplirium, 138 Taranis, 100 Taras, 160 tarda, 107 taurina, 87 Taxodonta, 146 teclinodes, 97 Tectarius, 30 Tectibranchia, 101 Tegula, 22,23 Teinostoma, 35,36 telemus, 118 tellea, 88,98 Tellidora, 172 Tellimya, 164 Tellina, 171,172 Tellinacea, 171 Tellinidae, 171 tellinoides, 174 n;. :. I ■A Tenagodidae, 39 Tenap;odus, 30 tenebx'-osa, 2'./, 150 tene'crosum, 71 tenella, 24,123,148, 171 tener, 37,192 tenera, 146,155,171, 168 teneruia, 82,182 tencceras, 88 tenta, 173 tenue, 47,71 tenuicola, 14 tenuicostata, 94 tenuicula, 14 tenuilirata, 94 tenuis, 57,115,142, 164,170 tenuisculpta, 61 tenui sulcata, 143 Terebra, 87, bS Terebridae, 87 Teredinidae, 180 Teredo, ISO tereinus, 158 ceres, 47,109 Tergipedidae, 125 Tergipes, 125 terrdnalis, 33 tervaricosa, 42 tessellata, 26,29 testacea, 74 testi cuius, 6C testudinalib; 17 testudinariu3, 86 Tethys, 107 Tstrabranchia, 188 tetradon, 137 Teutho'.venia, 192 taxana, 87,167,171 te:casaiia, 169 texasianum, 137 t exa 5 i ;inu s , 174 textilia, 90 textilis, 113 Tliaio, 56 tiaalabsinum, 154 thoa, 90 riiecosoniata, 117 ThclidioteutMs, 189 theona, 112 T'lericiui.'i, 41,42 tlir^.Lus, 34 tho-.ae, 51 tlioi:.:.,si, 24 thorns oni, 180 Thracia, 132 tlira.ciaef ormis, 144 214 Thraciidae, 182 Thyasira, 160,161 tia.r?i., 19,21 tirr.8s&us, 77 tinctc 99,106 tinctuni, 166 tinctus, 74 Tindaria, 145 tinoxia, 85 tititariuiu, 22 Tivela, 163 tolli.ii, 47 Tonicella, 130 Tonicia, 133 Tonna, 61 Tonnacea, 58 Tonnidae, 61 torelli, 150 Torellia, 50 tore t a, 109 tor^-17- ■: t.i, 96 Torinia, 33,39 tornata, 73,99,100, 109,184 tornatus, 100 torrei, 81 torticul-, 45,79,c5 toroilo, 40 tortilis, 49 1 0 r tuga nuiii , 2 4 tortucsa, 161 tottani, 71 toyatani, 110,113 Trachycardium, 165 t r ac hy s turn , 2 1 Tralia, 127 Transei.iiella, 168 tra.nsitoiius, 135 t r a,n s 1 i r a t a, 63 translucens, 36 transversa, 147 transversuja, 165 Trapeziidae, 159 trape,v?ddes, 133 Tremoctopodidae, 194 Trernoctcpus, 194 trevelysaia, 94 triacantha, 118 t r i angu 1 ata , 1 4 TricJaotropidae, 50 TricJiOtropis, 50 Tricolia, 26 tricolor, 117 tridentata, 118,158 trifida, 110 trifoliuin, 14 Trigoniocardia, 166 Trigcnostorria, 82 trilineata, 131 trilix, 36 Triphora, 44,45 Triphoridae, 44 Triptychus, 108 triquetra, 165,170 triserialis, 45 triseriata, 57 trisinuata, 161 trispinosa, 20,119 tristicha, 90 tristichus, 63 tristis, 27 tri sulcata, 162 Tritonalia, 67 tritonis, 61 Trivia, 5^'. trivittatus, 76 Trochacea, 17 Trochi lae, 17 trochifoxTnis, 30,51,118 Trcphon, 65 truphonia, 80 ti'opicalis, 130 trullata, 24 truncata, 85,173,179 Truncate 11a, 30 truncatui.., 65 tri.incula, 142 tryoni, 33,63,82,180 Tuba, 33 tu^er, 26 tuoorcularis, 43 tuber culata, 30,195 tuberculatus, 133 tuberculosa, 13 tuberosa, 63 tuberosuia, 61 tubicola, 28 tubula, 19 tubulata, 19 tubul..turi, 133 TUfiXi r iura , 51,52 tulipa, 76,14^ tuif-idula, 155 tumidulum, 71 tumio'us, 174 turbinatuiii, 4 6 turbine 11a, 73 Turbinidae, 24 turbinus, 34 ■"iurbo, 25 Turbonilla, 111,112-114 Turcicula, IS turgida, 31,185 turner!, 29 turriculum, 47 Turridae , 83 tur r i s t hoina e , 45 turrita, 41,5o,x01 ^"> Turritella, 37 Turritellide.e, 37 Turritellopsis, 37 Turtonia, 159 Tylodina, 122 Typhis, 65 typica, 170 tytthum, 137 U uberinus, 57 uddevallensis, 178 umbilicalis, 18 urribilicata, 26 uin"bonata, 146 UmDonium, 23 Umliraculidae, 122 Umbraculum, 122 uncinata, 118 uncinatura, 42 undata, 53, 66,148,157, 185 undatum, 71 undatus, 103,153 undulata, 100 undulatiim, 182 undulosum, 40 ungaricus, 51 Ungulidae, 160 unidentata, 109 unifasciata, 108 unifasciatuin, 47 unilirata, 113 unimaculata, 171 uniplicata, 55 Urosalpinx, 66 vaginata, 99 vaginoides, 175 vahli , 18 valvatoides, 24 valvatus, 23 vanhyningi,25,43,55, 87,166,174 Vanikoridae, 50 Vanikoro, 50 variaTDile,42 variabilis, 25,174 varians, 39 variata, 80 Varicorbula, 178,179 varicosa, 19 variegata,15, 37,74,163 varium, 42 Va sura, 78 veliei5 21| veliim,141 215 Velutella, 53 Velutina, 53 velvetina, 185 Veneracea, 167 Venericardia, 158 Veneridae, 167 venezuelensis, 160 venosiun, 47 ventricosa, 72, 108, 185 Venus, 167 venusta, 169 venustula, 25 veracruzensis, 41 verae, 58 Vermetidae, 39 Verraetus, 39 Vermicularia, 39 veronica, 126 Veronicella, 101 verrilli, 23,52,59,65, 66,69,88,103,105,113, 115,117,135,137,138, 142,165,193 verrilliana, 143 Verrilliteuthis, 192 verriacosa, 194 verrucosus, 87 versa, 116 versicolor, 26,171 Verticordia, 183 Verticordiidae, 183 vesica, 169 vesicaria, 103 vestalis, 50 vestita,50; vestitus,131 33,34 33 Viridrillia, 91 viridula, 15,82 vitrea,44,100,143,151 vitreum, 149 ;vitreus, 7'?15^ Vitrinella, Vitrinellidae, vittata,58 Volsella, 149 Voluta, 80 jVolutacea, 78 Volutidae, 80 Volutifusus, 81 Volutomitra, 80 Volutopsius, 71 Volvulella, 105 vortex, 105 1 vulgaris, 193 vulpidens, 136 ¥ walleri , 115 ;wandofehsis, 79 watermani, 79 watlingsi, 109 '136 watsoni,20,22,48,84,'105, weberi,34, 156 wetmorei , 15 |wey ssei , 27 whiteavesi , 44, 114, 157 willcoxi , 107;williami,91 Williamia, 128 willisi, 110 winkleyi, 109,110,114 woodi , 183 ;woodringi,63, 90 woolseyi, 87 XYZ vetula, 92 viabrunnea, 95 vibex, 75,88 vidua, 69 villepini, 87 vincta, 28 vineae, 113 vinosa, 87 violacea, 93 violaceuai, 120 violaceus, 194 virescens, 80 virga, 113|virgata,112 virginea, 27 virgineum, 84 virginiae, 73 virginianum, 84 virginica,43,110,114, 156 virginicum, 42,47 virgOjSSjvirgula, 119 viridaria,113 viridemaris , 27 viridis,27,133,176 Xancidae, 77 Xancus, 77 xanthia, 151 xanthias, 32 Xenophora, 51,52 Xenophoridae, 51 Xylophaga, 180 Xylotrya, 181 Yoldia,143,144 3aicatecana, 37,38,84 yucatecanum, 22 zacalles, 34 zebra, 55,146 Zeidora, 14 ziczac, 30,152 zilpha, 80 Zirfaea, 179 zonalis, 69 zonamestura, 21 zonata, 121,169 kX..