OCCASIONAL PAPERS THE MUSEUM TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY NUMBER 16 4 OCTOBER 1973 UROPYGIDA (ARACHNIDA) OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES J. Mark Rowland The uropygid fauna of the Philippine Islands has proved to be very diverse, even though few collections of these animals have been available for study. The R. V. Chamberlin arachnid collection, recent¬ ly acquired by the American Museum of Natural History, contains several interesting species of this order, one of which is a peculiar, undescribed species from Panay. This unique species differs so strik¬ ingly from others of the order that it seems appropriate to assign it to a new genus, for which 1 propose the name: Glyptogluteus, new genus Description .—The following is based on the male only, the female being unknown. Cephalothorax. Carapace with well-developed keels running about three-fourths distance from lateral eyes to median eyes of each side; median eyes on well-developed mound and separated by ridge; lateral eye groups composed of three large eyes encircling two small eyes. Abdomen. Terga I to IX divided by median suture. Sternum II with median furrow; sternum III with median spine directed posteriorly; sternum IV emarginate anteriorly; sterna V to VII similar; sterna VIII and IX complexly modified. Segment XII without ommatoids. Pedipalps. Coxa without secondary teeth on apophysis; patellar apophysis long; hand (tibia) globose, much wider and thicker than other segments; fixed finger very short and thick; tarsus-basitarsus short, thick, basally wide, and with a strong subapical tooth. OCCASIONAL PAPERS MUSEUM TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY Comparisons.—Glyptogluteus differs from all other genera of the Uropygida in the complex modification of abdominal segments VIII and IX. Etymology .—The generic epithet from Greek glypto, meaning carved or engraved, and gluteus , meaning rump, describing the com¬ plexly modified nature of abdominal sterna VIII and IX. Type species.— The type and only known species of this genus is described as follows: Glyptogluteus augustus, new species Holotype .—An adult male, taken on Panay Island, Philippine Islands, in August 1902 by T. C. Chase, and deposited in the Ameri¬ can Museum of Natural History, New York City. Paratypes .—Two juveniles, taken on Panay Island, during August 1902 by the same collector as was the holotype, and deposited in the American Museum of Natural History. Description .—Cephalothorax. Carapace finely granular, half again as long as wide, nearly flat anterodorsally, sides lateral to keel nearly vertical, slightly emarginate posteriorly, anterior lip with about 18 horizontal setae projecting forward; keel between median and lateral eyes well developed; median eyes divided by less than one diameter; anterior sternum (tritotetrasternum) slightly expanded subdistally, narrowing again posteriorly; pentasternum triangular; metasternum with several lateral, longitudinal divisions. Abdomen. Terga and sterna finely granular; terga I to IX divided by median suture, wider on I and III than on II and IV to IX, medial margin of sternum II greatly produced distally, but evenly arched from lateral edges, bearing mediolongitudinal, narrow depression along entire length; margin of sternum III gently curved, bearing well- developed, but apically blunt median spine; sternum IV emarginate anteriorly, narrow; sterna V to VII similar; sternum VIII with deep, longitudinal pit on each side of raised midline, posterior margin slightly emarginate; sternum IX intricately modified, with darkened, vertical, median extension of median one-third projecting under raised posterior margin of sternum VIII, pair of lateral ridges run diagonally toward posterolateral margins, but dissipate about half way to it; seg¬ ment XI slightly narrower than X, segment XII without ommatoids; flagellum with 24 segments. Pedipalps. Coxa densely punctured, apophysis with apical tooth; trochanter densely punctured, with two ventral and five dorsal teeth; femur densely punctured, with large ventral and small dorsal tooth; ROWLAND—UROPYGIDA OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 3 Fig. 1.—Dorsal view of male G. augustus. 4 OCCASIONAL PAPERS MUSEUM TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY Fi(i. 2.—Mesal view of pedipalpal hand and finger of male G. augustus. ROWLAND—UROPYGIDA OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 5 Tabi.h 1 .— Selected measurements of the male holotype of Glyptogluteus augustus. Leg; 8 Variate I II in IV Coxa 1.3 2.1 1.9 2.2 Trochanter 0.8 1.2 1.2 1.7 Femur 3.7 2.7 2.9 4.2 Patella 5.4 1.7 1.8 1.7 Tibia 4.8 2.3 2.2 4.1 Basitarsus 3.1 0.6 0.7 0.7 Tarsus 1.6 1.5 1.9 patella, hand, and finger sparsely punctured, patellar apophysis toothed on each side. Legs. Tarsal-basitarsal segments of leg I unmodified, segments 2 and 3 similar, parallel sided, segments 4 to 6 gradually declining in length, segment 2 more than half again as long as segment 8, 8 half as long as segment 9; segments of the following proportions: 9 >2, 3>8>4>5>6>7>1; length of leg segments given in Table 1. Comparisons.—Glyptogluteus august us differs from all other species of the order in having abdominal sterna VIII and IX complex¬ ly modified. It is most closely related to some species in the hetero¬ genous genera Abaliella and Thelyphonus. It perhaps appears closest to Abaliella in lacking ommatoids, having a well-developed keel, un¬ modified patellar apophysis of the male’s pedipalp, and modified abdominal sterna II and III. Glyptogluteus also differs from other genera in having stout, orbital hand; short and stout fixed and move- able finger of the pedipalp, at least in the males. Measurements. — T otal length (from anterior tip of carapace to end of abdominal segment XII) of the holotype is 18.0; carapacal length, 6.7. See also Table 1. All measurements are in millimeters. Distribution. — G. augustus is known only from Panay Island, Philippine Islands. Remarks,—- This new species shows a modification that is unique in at least this arachnid order. It is unfortunate that living animals are not available to determine what behavioral attributes relate to the modification of abdominal sterna VIII and IX. Inasmuch as the para- types are juveniles, and do not display the above modification, it is suspected that it may play some part in their reproductive habits. Females of G. augustus , when discovered, will probably show a great similarity to some species of Abaliella and Thelyphonus , specif- 6 OCCASIONAL PAPERS MUSEUM TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY ically to those other than A. rohdei (Kraepelin, 1897), in having the tarsal segments of the first leg modified. Glyptogluteus represents no geographic extension for the Thely- phonus-Abaliella line, but may represent its peak of specialization. Etymology.—Augustus is the Latin word from which the month of collection takes its name. Accounts of Species Genus Abaliella Strand 1897. Abalius Kraepelin, Abhandl. Geb. Naturw. Verein Hamburg, 15:16. 1928. Abaliella Strand, Arch. Naturg., 42(8):32-75. Distribution. —New Britain, New Guinea, Philippine Islands, and Samoa. Remarks .—Members of this genus are characterized by the modi¬ fied tarsal segments of the female’s first leg (except in A. rohdei ), un¬ modified patellar apophysis of the male’s pedipalp, modified abdomi¬ nal sterna II and III, no ommatoids, and a well-developed keel. Abaliella manilana (Kraepelin) 1900. Abalius manilanus Kraepelin, Abhandl. Geb. Naturw. Verein Hamburg, 16:7. 1916. Abalius manilanus. Gravely. Rec. Ind. Mus., 12:78. 1935. Abaliellus manilanus , Werner, Scorp., Pedip., In Bronns Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs, Bd. 5, Abt. 4, Buch 8:467. 1973. Abaliella manilana, Rowland. Occas. Papers Mus., Texas Tech Univ.. 10:5. Distribution. —Manila, Luzon Island. Remarks,^- This species is distinguished from other members of the genus by a modified tarsal segment 6 on the first leg of females. The males are unknown. Genus Mimoscorpius Pocock 1802. Thelyphonus Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust, et Ins., 3 (in part). 1894. Mimoscorpius Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, 14:132. Distribution. —Philippine Islands. Remarks .—This genus is characterized by the unmodified patellar apophysis and extremely flat hand of the male’s pedipalp, unmodified abdominal sterna II and III, two ommatoids, and a well-developed keel. Mimoscorpius pugnator (Butler) 1872. Thelyphonus pugnator Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser, 4, 10:204. ROWLAND—UROPYGIDA OF THF: PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 7 1894. Mimoseorpius pupnator, Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, 14:132. Distribution. —Philippine Islands. Remarks. —The female of this species is unknown, and the male is known by a single specimen. Genus Minbosius Speijer 1802. Theiyphonus Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust, et Ins., 3 (in part). 1933. Minbosius Speijer, Ned. Ent. Ver. Tijdschr. Ent., 76:5. 1936. Minbosius. Speijer, Mitt. Zool. Mus., 2 1 (2):258. Distribution. —Philippine Islands, Moluccas, and New Guinea. Remarks. —This genus is characterized by the unmodified tarsal segments of the female’s first leg, unmodified patellar apophysis of the male’s pedipalp, modified abdominal sterna II and III, two om- matoids, and a well-developed keel. Minbosius manilanus (Koch) 1843. Theiyphonus manilanus Koch, Arach., 10:28. 1 873. Theiyphonus philippensis Butler, Cist. Ent.. 6:129-132. 1888. Theiyphonus papuanus Thorell, Ann. Mus. Genova, 26:385. 1889. Theiyphonus strauchii Tarmini, Zoo\. Anz., 12:1. Distribution .—Halmaheira, Moluccas; New Guinea; and Manila, Luzon Island, Philippine Islands. Remarks.— Kraepelin (1897) erected the variety halmaheirae for the Moluccan population, but Giltay (1931) listed this and the New Guinean population as introduced. Genus Theiyphonus Latreille 1758, Phahmpium Linne, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 619 (in part). 1802. Theiyphonus Latreille. Hist. Nat. Crust, et Ins., 3. 1894. Theiyphonus , Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, 14:120-134. 1897. Theiyphonus , Kraepelin, Abhandl. Geb. Naturw. Verein Hamburg, 15:19. 1899. Theiyphonus , Kraepelin, Scorp. und Pedip., in Das Tierreich, 8:212. Distribution. —Ambon; Borneo; Burma; Celebes; Ceylon; India; Java; Malaysia; New Herbrides; Philippine Islands; Solomon Islands; Sumatra; Thailand; Belitung; Lingga. Remarks. —Members of this genus are characterized by the modi¬ fied segments of the tarsus of the female’s first leg, unmodified patel¬ lar apophysis of the male’s pedipalp, modified abdominal sterna II and III, two ommaloids, and a well-developed keel. 8 OCCASIONAL PAPERS MUSEUM TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY Thelyphonus hanseni Kraepelin 1897. Thelyphonus hansenii Kraepelin, Abhandl. Geb. Naturw. Verein Hamburg, 15:30. Distribution .—Mindanao Island. Thelyphonus semperi Kraepelin 1897. Thelyphonus semperi Kraepelin, Abhandl. Geb. Naturw. Verein Hamburg, 15:29. Distribution. —Western Mindanao Island. Thelyphonus vanoorti Speijer 1936. Thelyphonus vanoorti Speijer, Mitt. Zool. Mus., 21(2):255. Distribution .—Manila, Luzon Island. Remarks. —The males of two Philippine species of Thelyphonus can be distinguished readily by the morphology of the tarsal segments of the first leg. In T. hanseni , segment 5 is similar in size to segment 4, but is wider than segment 6. In T. semperi , segment 5 is similar to segment 6, but is narrower than segment 4. Males of T. vanoorti are not distinguishable from those of T. semperi on the basis of published information. Speijer (1936) did not compare T. vanoorti to Philippine species, but mentioned that it has affinities with T. linganus Koch, 1843, from Sumatra. Females of T. hanseni are not known. Genus Glyptogluteus Rowland Distribution. —Panay Island. Remarks. —This genus is characterized by the unmodified patellar apophysis and the orbital hand of the male’s pedipalp, modified ab¬ dominal sterna II, III, VIII, and IX in the male, no ommatoids, and a well-developed keel. Glyptogluteus augustus Rowland Distribution. —Panay Island. Remarks,—— The female of this species is unknown, and the male is known by a single adult and two juveniles. Discussion The occurrence of five of the 16 genera of Uropygida in the rela¬ tively small area of the Philippine Islands is noteworthy, especially inasmuch as three of these are monotypic endemics. The genus Abaliella is represented in the Philippines by A. mani- lana , but is otherwise restricted to the Papuan Subregion. I question. ROWLAND—UROPYG1DA OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 9 however, that this genus is actually monophylctic. It is quite possible that loss of ommatoids occurred more than once in ancestral Thely- phonus stock, which is all that presently distinguishes Abaliella from the latter. If, however, this genus is monophyletic, its distribution ob¬ viously crosses Wallace’s Line, the proposed boundary between Aus¬ tralian and Oriental Regions. A. manilana occurs on Luzon Island, the most remote island from the apparent center of distribution of the genus, New Guinea. In view of distributional patterns of better known groups, and the superficial differences between Abaliella and The- lyphonus , I believe that A. manilana was probably derived from Thelyphonus independently from the Papuan species of Abaliella. An alternative to this solution is that a common Abaliella ancestor in Borneo could have given rise to the extant species, but itself is now extinct. The presence of A. manilana on Luzon Island and in no inter¬ vening islands, however, makes this theory of dispersal less likely than the former explanation. The genus Thelyphonus is widespread in the Malay Archipelago, and is quite diversified in Borneo. The species of Thelyphonus in the Philippines show the expected similarity to those of Borneo. It is prob¬ able that ancestral forms crossed the Palawan corridor into the Phil¬ ippines. It is further suspected that at least some of the Philippine species may have arrived during the Pleistocene when a Palawan land bridge may have occurred, and when the Philippine Islands were not as fragmented. Minbosius is a problematic genus. It is represented by a single species that apparently was introduced from the Philippines into New Guinea and the Moluccas (Giltay, 1931). M. manilanus is closely related to Thelyphonus , but rather than being a specialization of the latter, as are the other endemic genera, it appears to be more primi¬ tive. It lacks any specialization of tarsal segments of the female’s first leg, which is considered to be of fundamental significance. In other facies, it agrees quite well with Thelyphonus. One may be tempted to consider this genus ancestral to Thelyphonus. Darlington (1957) gave numerous examples of primitive forms being forced out into zones peripheral to the center of distribution, which may very well be exemplified here. My knowledge of Malaysian species of Thelypho¬ nus is too limited, however, to allow a definitive statement. Mimoscorpius and Glyptogluteus are monotypic endemics. Mimo- scorpius is similar to Uroproctus Pocock, 1894, and Ma stigop root us Pocock, 1894, in many respects, but it possesses a striking modifica¬ tion of the male’s pedipalpal hand. Glyptogluteus appears to be a specialization of basic Thelyphonus stock, but differs from Thelypho- 10 OCCASIONAL PAPERS MUSEUM TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY nus in possessing a singular specialization of posterior abdominal sterna, and in lacking ommatoids. In the latter respect it may be hy¬ pothesized that Glyptogluteus was derived from Abaliella stock, but this is not necessarily instructive inasmuch as doubt is cast on the in¬ tegrity of the latter genus. For a review of the other genera of Uropygida and a revision of family group taxa see Rowland and Cooke, 1973. Acknowledgments The assistance of Dr. John A. L. Cooke, American Museum of Natural History, in providing a considerable portion of the materials for this and other studies is gratefully acknowledged. Thanks are also given to Drs. Robert W. Mitchell, Department of Biology, and Dilford C. Carter, Graduate School, and to the Institute for Museum Re¬ search, Texas Tech University, for continued support. Literature Cited Butl er, A. G. 1872. A monograph of the genus Thelyphonus. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 10:200-206. -. 1873. Description of several new species of Thelyphonus. Cistula Entomol., 6:129-132. Darlington, P. J. 1957. Zoogeography: The geographical distribution of animals. Wiley, New York and London. Gravely, F. H. 1916. The evolution and distribution of the Indo-Australian Thelyphonidae, with notes on the distinctive characters of various species. Rec. Ind. Mus., 12:59-89. Giltay, L. 1931. Resultats scientifiques du Voyage aux Indes orientales Neerlandaises de L. L. AA. RR. le Prince et la Princesse Leopold de Belgique, Scorpiones et Pedipalpes. Mem. Mus. Llist. Nat. Beige (Hors Serie), 5(3): 1-28. Koc h, C. L. 1843. Die Arachniden. 10. Kraepei in, K. 1897. Revision der Uropygi Thor. (Thelyphonidae auct.). Abhand. Geb. Naturw. Verein Hamburg, 15:1-60. -—. 1899. Skorpiones und Pedipalpi. Das Tierreich, 8:201-265. -. 1900. Ueber einige neue Gliederspinnen. Abhand. Geb. Naturw. Verein Hamburg, 16:1-17. Latreii le, P. A. 1802. Histoire naturelle des Crustaces et Insectes, 3. Linne, C. 1758. Systema Naturae, 10th ed. Pocock, R. L 1894. Notes on the Thelyphonidae contained in the collection of the British Museum. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, 14:120-135. Rowland, J. M. 1973. New whipscorpions from New Guinea and the Solomon Islands (Thelyphonida, Arachnida). Occas. Papers Mus., Texas Tech Univ., 10:1-8. Rowland, J. M., and J. A. L. Cooke. 1973. Systematics of the arachnid order Uropygida ( = Thelyphonida). J. ArachnoL, 1: in press. Speijer, E. A. M. 1933. IV, verslag 26ste wintervergadering Ned. Ent. Ver. Tijdschr. Ent. 76:4-5. ROWLAND—UROPYGIDA OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS -. 1936. Die orientalischen Pedipalpen des Zoologischen Museums der Universitat Berlin. Mitt. Zool. Mus., 21(2):249-263. Strand, E. 1928. Miscellanea nomenclatorica zoologica et palaeontologica. Arch. f. Naturg., 92:30-75. Tarna.ni, J. 1889. Sur les Collections des Thelyphonides de quelques Musees russes. Zool. Anz., 301:118-122. Ill or f’ l .1 , T. 1888. Pedipalpi e scorpioni dell’ Archipelago malese conservati nel Museo civico di Storia naturale di Genova. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genoa, 26:326-428. Werner, F. 1935. Scorpiones. Pedipalpi. In Bronn, H. G., Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs. Leipzig. Band 5, Abt. 4, Buch 8:317- 490. 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