a S0% rf wae rs "WOU a gees A ea 55 ro sete c = 5 pee aoe eee o4 We ey | vee VC Ae eye in COUT TL bala fr ‘ a 4 ne oer Veer eae Dr py . ‘ yiurd ase, rey Car ratty its 4 i Lord s : Cees " sa) Vi aa Ste tty r SU bret bit etna g Vivant LAM ta thes ey Oe W ivease a: eRe iY chile Ria dias , BODEN a ta ei Me TR RPPiee wry UW Mara eaerel Se eeesE lee oP eR 0 eat a Wee slun Tie ee rh Pawravedeg a a Gh 4 ydidy ‘i I inn ay portiea th iil rewrn ht) ) UNG aig ie tee Ed eg Pde ‘ Lida aya ay Ads ‘ HS tLp } ) t ate baal y ay HE dla PMP waded Pe ty a . } et iy AR Aare tid ri FP en DAT Meats Mon ae aT RIS i At Denote thal Lown bey : Tigh hy Wav URES re Gah on ts * We CNY Deve iho toda ne he A Hiv did ihe r : ae i, ek Ae el ee URIS ALC omer i VAP, (ahr geno : ae i vo ) we oy Yi We ’ fa | i, Ly ¥ ea i ay he art | ee Le et ie at ; oa Re Ae mat To) Vi ut 4 a ; ira ais 4 : ae Bh a ae th t Py! oe a te i 4 ha “A e Aa 4 ‘ er Md iN NEE ee Le ar ag a i at ‘ j nh a hl /7 a AT it ; ivi ’ Bi! if y iy 5a) { } } ia | th j ‘ Fr i "i i i, b ie Anak } \ mt j ; r a) e) } ea | i : ' Thy ‘ . . M4 ia “4 ' { y i y ; i J) f ‘ ‘ fi 1 ‘ P ‘4 iy ie! / ‘ % ‘ ' . i ‘ u @ ‘ pi ‘4 ha i i a! : ary " F a 1 VN dad iy is Sa min ah rT ae J ARPA eas, Rt eee | AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW, ] , ' ' Se EDITED BY PROF, A. LIAUTARD, Foreign Corresponding Seeretary of the Central Society of Veterinary Medicine (Paris), Honorary Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (Ungland) ROSCOE R. BELL, D.V.S., and ROBERT W. ELLIS, D.V.S. WEPH PHR COLDAROR ATION oF Prof, W, J, CoOATRA, MLD, DVS, New Yorks | Wea Tire Lowe, DV 8) Copmen t Amerioan Veterinary Collope Veterinary OMeeral the Portol New Vort Brot O, ROH WAKAKOPR, DVM. UR Apiny Paterson, Ny I ‘pot, Pat CAD On, of the Alfort Mehoaal, Mranee, | COnMMAN Noowoinda, MD. Vos, UL a) Apmy Prot, Wy i, WithtaAMa, Vi8,, Commell University, Hatangaa, PRI pines tolaea, N.Y Prof, M, Th, REYNOLDS, University of Minne J.P WINCH RADON, D V8, Lawrence, Mase avin, PO Anthony Pan, Minn Prof A NPRWARD MoD Vom. been ay VM A th A, MRRIEGAY, MD V,, Via, Chieage, D1 \tinene Oley, Mo 1 W, Marinnat, A Th, MV, Chieawe, [NI M, Th MeKTLAIP, MD, Vos, of Mekilip Vetert VAY HUD, VOR, State Veterinarian of havy College, Chieaga, Ul North Carolina, Ratetah, XN. o Jon. J. Rep, ViM.D, Veterinarian to t xperh | WM Th, DALRVY MPR, MROV 8S, Veterinarian ment Station, Amer, lowe | Lotialina Agriouliupal Rxpertnent stattos Geo. Th TeRNA, DVS, Dieolkklvea, NON Haton Rewue, ta Alid peveral othera VOLUME XXXVI. NEW YORK: ; PUBLISHED BY THE EDITORS, 500 WEST ts2ad STREET. ‘ » a987737 \ Woh es4 ILLUSTRATIONS IN VOLUME XXVI. Department ot Surgery, Figure I, Hernia Suture, 147. = FE \ UIs “6 ee 147. ub 61, Canthotomy, 347. & | Leucoencephalitis in Horses—Plate — I, Figure 14033" \ 2, 33. zs “ec IIe “ec 3, 34. A 5 “4, 34- CS TULL SSGn aS ese Nats “6 IV, ce 6, 36. ; aS ; Sf ES al Leucocythemia Lesions of the Spleen, 47. Dr. Lowe’s Burned Hospital, ror. Tropical Ulcers of the Horse, 113. A Record Tuberculous Liver of the Ox, 144. The Rocker Operating Table, 164. Dr. Schwarzkopf and his Philippine Pony, 196. Morphology of the Blood of the Horse, Figure 1, 317; 2, 3175 35 3173 45 317 55> Whee 6, 3185 7, 3193 8, 320; 9, 320; Nodule Disease in Sheep, 419. 10, 321. Enormous Vesicle Calculus from Dog, 440. Record Tuberculous Ox Heart, 442. Horse Doctors’ Barn Banquet, 451. New Veterinary Building, University of Minnesota, 453. Room where A. V. M. A. Clinic was held, 454. Complicated Fracture of Inferior Maxillary Bone, 551. A New Suture, 574. Officers ot the American Veterinary Medical Association (Frontispiece), opp. 713. Unusual Case of Lameness, 773. Actinobacillosis, Figure 1, 797. os 251 91- Natural, 798. Experimental, 798. Hemorrhagic Septiceemia, Figure I, 824; 2, 827; 3, 828; 4, 829; 5, 8320, Saar PeOLG885 OL35 95-9145 10, OLS ;, XL, 921 5ak2,.027- Pad for Treating Shoe-Boils, 868. A New Mouth Speculum, No. 1, No. 2, 882. Canine Operating Table \two views), Equisetum Arvense, 948. Actinomycotic Steers, 960. New Antitoxin Syringe, 988. 885. Immunization of Cattle Against Tuberculosis, Figure 1, 1026; 2, 1026; 3, 1027; 4 LOZ 7G, 1027; 6, 1628); 7, 1028; 5, 1020: Fistulz of the Sub-orbital Region, 1068. Cie is * eee —rr ~~ TABLE OF CONTENTS, VOLUME XXVI, EDITORIAL, ROPEAN CHRONICLES—1, 103, Distemper Vaccination Again..... 1095 199, 283, 387, 481, 571, 713, 795, Are We Getting Too Numerous ?, . 1096 897, 993> 1296 Foot-and-Mouth Disease......... 1098 Bovine Tuberculosis Again....... Military Veterinarians............ 1098 ‘* White Scour’’ and Lung Disease ve Glucosanysnp Rabies, < ..0.-9.: sae 104 Anyfenoidectomy:. — 2. 5... 2+ se 106 Neurectomy of the Fifth Pair...... 199 Veterinary Sanitary Organization in SHIGA Cem ge ets \- ie.) iiss ie ots creeds 202 WiolassesiasePOOd. 6... ajevmnlans 283 Wistemper Vaccine... 5s... 285 Another Seven-Day Wonder...... 287 SipseErCulOSIS:.- .. 3). ct Pee ses 6% 387 Ketan ers): pecls Ge. east e ayeeereus sors) 12 390 Miner Gul OSISses 84 foc eee se 3): 2 2 481 BeMiedicalvEveroism >?) o% se... s 482 Dr. Physalix’s Anti-Distemper SURE Pee, Beer choos ie ier 483 IntravenousInjections of Anti-Rabic TERESI = cea nee ane 571 PAMPINE WA SULUEO Ms 5 sce fesse 3 Ss 574 The ‘‘Emergency Report on Surra’’ 576 Tubercular Immunization........ 713 PPE RUINED cele ciets Stee ad hse ish 715 The Question of the Usefulness of WaMISCCHON © oo) eon Sais wee <0 716 An Unusual Mode of Inoculation. 717 Bibliographic Notes and Acknowl- . edgments is Roaieiatere Posse SBE lwS Tey Actinomycosis Peer a Sls st aiotogs0-v5 795 The Benefits of Antitetanic Serum. 799 PEE SOMELONSES:<. 22's Aas 5 SS ois 008 06,3 801 International Congress on Tubercu- PSiomame cist aie cic. Soca 131017] Prof. Nocard’s Experiments...... 899 Rarinm blondes .n% ances sss goo The Importance of a Study of Par- SES IT re as afar fox en Sas eee sos, ooo go2 Broken Knees and Saddle Sores... 993 gibi PerewlosiSie.c 2<. 6. satus s ois = 995 ‘‘Les Maladies Microbiennes ”’ ( Microbian Diseases).......... 998 Changes in Veterinary Journalism . 1099 New Jersey in Line with a Veterinary aw... The Province of the A. V. M. A.... 7 Assembly, bill No: 254)... 2. soem 8 Iowa State Veterinary Medical Asso. EUSA as 50 eee 9 Reynolds#onea- 5. eee 819, g12 Retained Afterbirth in Cows. By We Williamis:2 52s noe ree 838 Differential Diagnosis between Bur- sattee, Furunculus, and Farcy. By C.Cs Lyford! 73, . sc eee eee 845 Statistics as to the Color of Surra Vic- tims. By Coleman Nockolds..... 850 The Pathology of Infection. By J. Burden! Sanderson). «eee 28 Etiology of Shoe-Boil, By George J Goubeaud’> 2 eee 37 Equisetum Poisoning, By F. A. Rich. 944 Etiology of ‘‘ Heaves.’’ By W. L. Walliams rioctcc a's ore ers, Sone eee 955 Human and Bovine Tuberculosis. By BS Nocard's. pone acces 1003 Some Experiments upon the Immuni- zation of Cattle against Tubercu- losis, By Leonard Pearson and S. He Gilliland’ 32%. nece S.e Ree .1013 Etiology and Prevention of Infectious Diseases of Animals. By Veranus A... Moore. 505) o2 » fire aes See 1030 President’s Address By Wm. Her- bert Acowes Scene ee toe 039 Sclerostoma Tetracanthus. By N. I SUMD REO. Aaicie ocisfeiese oss eee 1047 Parturient Paralysis. By D. R Kobleniiccecnriee.. here 1033 Intestinal Antisepsis. By J. H Grawford ; oo... bd. Ae 1056 Spinal Rigidity inthe Horse. By W. Tao Wialliams) sofa eek tone eee 1103 A Historical Essay on the Relation of Veterinary Medicine to the Medical Profession. ByS.G. Burkholder. . 1110 Acute Pleurisy in the Horse. By A. EeB aK er. .:..... 72a ine tele 1118 TABLE OF CONTENTS, VOLUME XXVI. Vi Rupture of the Right Auricle. By feene Burehstead)c. < oslcrcw saws ss 40 _ Anthrax ina Horse. By W Hamil- 1 1. SS Se oe ae Chronic Atrophic Orchitis in a Bull. yeiien > SIMPSON’... ies. oie 43 Tetanus—Antitoxin—Death. By C MAW? os Suspnets ace Dave. ele 45 Acute Stringhalt. By C. E. Shaw.. 46 Leucocythemia Lesions of the Spleen. Epos buckley. 2s 5s... ee os 47 _ Typhoid Fever in a Horse. By L USI 9 GS gS eee 134 Open Joint. By J. Thomsen....... 135 AsGow-Case By G: P. Statter: .. 137 Urethral Calculus. By E. G, Marten, 138 Another Case of Feline Diphtheria. Byemoseoe ke Belly. 2220.02... 140 Ruptured (Esophagus, By T. S LSet sew canis Os vues aa I41 A Curious Case of Tetanus—Treat- ment with Antitoxin— Recovery. EEeME URE PINOBCIS Sf o-5 ete d bale we 142 Canine Distemper. By T. 5. Childs. 144 A Record Tuberculous Liver of the OemebysWon C. Ayer. .... 0.5. T44 Castration of a Lion. By A. M. Leek. 145 Subdural Cerebral Hzemorrhage — Instant Death. By John J. Repp. 239 A Case of Vomiting in a Cow. By Beem IICHENER: cla. woke esis = 240 Amputation of a Bull’s Penis, By Becces Ma Walrod.. 065 S210 241 _ Hydrops Amnii. By S. R. Howard. 242 A Mild Case of Tetanus, Bele By F..R. pistes =a) 5a) [m\eie,0,0 0,0 \e.s: oe ee). Foreign Substance in a Mule’s Foot. oaeeesset) Verrellis o03. 28 243 Rupture of the Flexor Tendons as a Complication of Azoturia. By C. BME OV OS esis eel Svea sn 338 hytolacca Poison in Cattle. By G INE, oC cele pee cee 339 A Case of Tetanus ina Horse Treated with Serum. By E. McGraw.... 340 Rupture of the Césophagus in a Colt. Meee. Baker; fo. e000. es. 342 Peritoneal Abscess. By J. F. Roub. 343 Diseased Testicle. By A. W. Baker. 344 Its Cure by Division of the Inter- nal Straight Ligament. By J. A. _ Anglicker and Wm, Schumacher. . A Peculiar Case of Tetanus. By Wm. DENS CHER. 149 TIGETTTS There Boye eee 149 ¢, JHIQUINe: cal en eee ge ena 150 Masseterine Myosis in Colt One SGanPRULIGI SS So ee reas Sains 151 Ossified Adenomas of the Czecum in SMM OLSE eis eee eee Seis cis ies Oe I51 1074 VII Cardiac Hypertrophy—Rupture of the Posterior Vena Cava—Cyst of PRON ALY, pe ein net... en a Re 152 Strangulation of the Small Intestine by an Abdominal Lipoma. Cancroid of the Clitoris.......... Ventral Hernia—Suture of the Ring = REEOVOEY), frais Oy vn etn pen Necrosing and Infecting Punctured Wounds of the Foot........... Resistance of the Horse to Violent AEAROMANSINS cious oc ne aeretaeee Quadruple Gestation in a Cow.... Paralysis of the External Popliteal Sciatic Nerve due to the Evolu- tion of Hypodermic Larve in the Elorseseetiva.). ats the tee eee 77 Curious Case of Radial Paralysis.. 77 Pseudo-Neuroma of Median Neurec- COMY crute bra Sisistate Sees ues see 779 Generalized Carcinomatosis....... 779 Ascarides in a Calf—Bad Odor of thei Meats ieee See 80 Dental Origin of Fistula of the Sub- Orbital Region in Carnivorous Animal Sncu. 4 Sc wertey pe yale ete 1067 Luxation of the Elbow foint in a TOMS C's teyrets is Sateen: 1068 Permanganate of Potassium in UI- cerativellerattishy ct cer erty 1069 Enormous Testicular Tumor in a NLCEE aia? Gadi a9 shee cheese 1c69 The Mignard—History of One. ...1070 Cancer of the Left Sac of the Stom- ach-m the Elorse\at sae ee Io7I BELGIAN ReviEw— Fracture of the Posterior Cannon Bone in a Horse —Recovery.... 153 Vertebral Actinomycosis in a Cow.. 154 Sprain of the Shoulder in Bovines . 154 Fracture of the Hind Pastern in a Heavy Draught Horse......... 154 Aviary Diphtheria—F xperimental Study — Vaccination — Serother- AD Yo oa steyenc hcg eit a ceuereaths 861 Chronic Diaphragmatic Hernia in the, Llorse Seay. crc eee ae es 862 Purulent Collection and Tympa- nites of a Guttural Pouch....... 863 Insufflation of Air in the Rectum in Some Forms of Colic... 522... . 864 ITALIAN REVIEW— Bovine Cisticercosis: . .)5..-2 .-. = 640 Amaurosis from Tuberculosis. . 641 Serous Cyst of the Left Lip of the Wilvarin:aiCow:. 3-25. stctee es - 642 VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS, VOLUME XXVI. Notes of Pathological Anatomy.... 642 | A Case of Ocular Parasites ina Dog, 866 A Case of Gutturomicosis in the Clinical Contribution to the Etiology LOLS oreo arctee nl too oo 643 ofMaciall- Paralysis.) - 22> eee 866 Pathological Importance of the Radical Cure of Ventral and Umbili- Larvee Gastrophile in the Stom- cal Hernias in Colts....... 866 ACH OMEOKSES aes See 864 Small Tumors of Filaria in the Ab- ; Rare Case of Measlesin Dog ..... 865 | dominal Cavity of Bovines,.. .. 867 DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY. Antiseptic and Aseptic Protective Gastrohystexotomyie. 1 ee eee 244 IDSeS are toe NOUS Geo kan oc 47 | Surgery of the Eye, Ear, and Upper Surgical Treatment of Exomphalos Air Passagessmers- si: are ecicee 345 (@eductble) eee ecers ieee 146) | Surgicalalitemisyes sear er 148, 247, 347 BIBLIOGRAPHY. Tuberculosis of Cattle, and the Penn- | The Pathology and Differential Diag- sylvania Plan for Its Repression... 57 | nosis of Infectious Diseases of Ani- American Veterinary Medical Asso- mass Sch vs ee tes cena ete 9f9 ciation : Proceedings of the Session Text Book of Veterinary Medicine... 970 OL OQ OW ete Genrer ie Ber 60 External Form of the Horse and Age Treatise on Diseases of Cattle....... 448 of the Principal Domestic Animals. 972 WeterinarysDictionany-.eo. series 449 A Text Book of Histology aad Micro- Tibio-Peroneal Neurectomy for the scopic Anatomy of the Human Body, Relief of Spavin Lameness ....... 450 including Microscopic Technique, . 1079 Animali€astratloni ne seeeencre eee 450 | Common Colics of Horses.......... 1134 CORRESPONDENCE, The New York State Department of Rinderpest Affecting Deer in the Health Wants Tumor Specimens.. 61 Philippines... 22. ¢..-'bs6 coe 781 The Buying of American Horses by Some Missouri Misstatements Straight- the British Government .... ..... 165 ened: Out 2.2: So eanouee eee 781 Encephalitis in Horses and Impaction Veterinary Matters in the Philippies. 782 manCattle 2 sy eeenes ee: 166 | Can Any Readers Supply these Needs? 868 A Proposal to Form an Association of Mhe Virtuevoh Accuracy. ene 973 PxaminingeBoards senee .2 se as 35 Help this Committee to Help the Pro- The Production of Iodism in the Ox . 355 fessSlOne):) Comers eee eee oe 1076 Some Suggestions as to Veterinary Dr.- Ide’s Case of Regurgitation of ROliciesMR. ere arate eee es 55 Gas—AgSimilani Gases see 1077 A Veterinary Trip to the Philippines. 556 | Hemorrhagic Septiceemia on the Paci- A Healthy Sign of the Times....... 557 fie Coast cana. micas heres 1143 COLLEGE COMMENCEMENTS. Kansas City Veterinary College..... 62 ! Grand Rapids Veterinary College... 159 McGill University, Faculty of Com- : New York-American Veterinary Col- ParativesWediciier- eens. 5s. na. 156; lege: :) 2 ee 351 McKkillip Veterinary College........ 157 | Chicago Veterinary College......... 352 Ontario Veterinary College......... 158 | REVIEW OF BIOLOGY. hoxones/ otal bercilinuyecee cee ei: 553 | Sclerostomes of Equines..........- 553 \chondroplasy and Myxcedema..... 553 | Virulency of the blood in Ovine Variola 554 OBITUARY, Woxlashdwards Dy Versi.ccees a. - 60. | John Airth, M. RUG) VS ee 1080 Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow....... 644'.| Dr. Fo Priedberpers ohare eee 1140 johnei hearkerwWy Viens sina ce 645 | Oliver H, Dimms) Dy Ves. eeeenits 1140 Junius H, Wattles, Sr., M.D, C,,.,1080 . } 3 - 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS, VOLUME XXVI. Ix SOCIETY MEETINGS. Iowa State Veterinary Medical Asso- Massachusetts Veterinary Association 380 GIA ON ea eerie ois sae ees 63, 1148 | New York State Veterinary Medical Minnesota State Veterinary Medical OCIELYius cect im ets 381, 475, 564, 694 PASSO CIAMON ga tcoe ses ais esate e, - 87, 1187 | Michigan State Veterinary Medical California State Veterinary Medical NSSOGIAL OME LNs ra Saeytese site nie 382 / AGRO CIAO eA eres hae oe g2 Veterinary Medical Association of Wisconsin Society of Veterinary Grad- Wewalenseyaees- ee 468, 983, To81 UNiGR Ae ae ee eee g4, 185, 874 | Passaic County Veterinary Medical The Veterinary Associationof Manitoba 96 | Association... .472, 559, 783. $69, American Veterinary Medical Associa- g80 1091 tion . 98, 190, 276, 356,452,648,974,1197 | Illinois Veterinary Medical and Sur- Ohio State Veterinary Medical Asso- plcaleNSSOCIatOn a a ao. | ae 476, 708 GIALIGM rat yfets'ae ee ho 62 167, 983, 1168 | Missouri Veterinary Medical Associa- Illinois State Veterinary Medical As- OTE REE ae eta ee 705 sociation.......... ete es ...-- 183 | Genesee V alley Veterinary Medical Maine Veterinary Medical Association ; ESO CIAHON ee ode a kak 710 187, 1196 |} wh eae Wate hed; New England Alumni Association of St epeeinies ree anaay ey ec ical “86 the American Veterinary College.. 187 | y Paes Jen Mae Beant EA onint Shae ce ate Goan Vetenuary. Medical eterinary Medical Association of See, y y New York County 873. 978, Logo Association... )....:.. 188, 874, 1194 eee Jey SOU aT BOD Alumni Association of the New Yorl- The Illinois State Veterinary Medical American Veterinary College..... 189 | Association wettest ees oo .976, 1092 New Jersey State Board of Veterinary The V eterinarians of New Zealand.. 982 Medical Examiners.......... 190, 278 | Schuylkill Valley Veterinary Associa- Connecticut Veterinary Medical Asso- JOT Sega Grip amines < Joaqaciobe 1084 CLINT De Sa oe ace eae Tg1, 563, IIg2 | Ontario Veterinary Association. ..... 1088 Pennsylvania State Veterinary Medi- Central Canada Veterinary Medical Cale ASSOCIATION, (2... 2. 255, 357, 458 INSSOCIAUON) = see eee aes eee LLQO Chicago Veterinary Society ........ 269 | Missouri Valley Veterinary As ocia- Alumni Society of the Veterinary De- LODE eee hes es Mean se vote eo eraeher 1196 partment of the University of Penn- Rhode Island Veterinary Medical As- SIGINT, ode Seneca Cae 377 SOCAN OM as Asta tsetse yeracs toi naa 1195 MISCELLANEOUS. New Jersey's New Law..:......... 160 ) Registered Veterinarians of Michigan 1144 The Rocker Operating Table...... 164 | Greater Power to the Secretary of A Quarter of a Century’s Usefulness. 254 JAPAN Soe aoaeEe occ f.2 DIAG Horse Doctors’ Barn Banquet... .. 451 | News and Items. .98, 193. 279, 384, The Old Oaken Bucket......... OA 477, 566, 711, 787, 876 984, 1093, 1198 Army Veterinary Department .... .. 1137 | Publishers’ Department... 102, 198. Disease Resembling Glanders in the 282, 386, 480, 570, 712, 794, 886. Eaippinesuten orice ct os re : II4I | g21, 1094, 1200 ; enc ice oe? : . = Sis OS atk eee gre wd fw "vo ae , AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW. APRIL, 1902. All communications for publication or in reference thereto should be addressed to Prof. Roscoe R. Bell, Seventh Ave. & Union St., Borough of Brooklyn, New York City. EDITORIAL. HUROPEAN CHRONICLES. BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS AGAIN.—Our readers have certainly not lost sight of the new theory expressed by Prof. Koch in relation to the contagiosity of bovine tuberculosis to man, nor of the scientific discussion which took place at the seating of the Congress in London. Since that day, which certainly has marked a date in the history of that disease, numerous have been the articles which have been published by men of author- ity, such as McFadyean, Nocard, Arloing, Bang, and others. Cases after cases are brought forward and records are re- ceived from everywhere to show the error which, their authors claim, has been made by the celebrated German bacteriologist. And, yet, will those be accepted as conclusive? Some of them were known before the statement made by Koch, and to a cer- tain extent he ignored them; therefore it cannot be supposed that he will accept others brought in the same light, and then what will he require for experiment which he would consider as possible ? Will man do? At the time of the sensational explosion of Koch’s new theory, Dr. Garnault, in France, and shortly after a journalist of Belgium, who signs himself Jean Bar, offered themselves for ex- periments, and I believe that an American made also the same offer. What has become of the offers made? Has the Ameri- can had the opportunity to sacrifice his life? Has Mr. Jean Bar I 2 EDITORIAL. gone to the bacteriological Institute of Liege, as it was told ? We cannot say. But, thanks to the Archives de Parasitologie, we can keep our readers aw courant as to what has been accom- plished by Dr. Garnault. His case is presented in the Archives fully. It is no longer communications from a political paper, it is from one of the most scientific journals of Paris, which records the whole history from the beginning to the end, at least to the experiment, as it will be begun. Dr. Garnault is forty-one years old, weighs 100 kilos, and has always been in perfect health. On Aug. 14, 1901, he wrote to Prof. Koch, offering himself for experimentation under whatever conditions he desired. When in Paris, while waiting for an’ answer from Berlin, he had called on Nocard, who tried to per- suade him to give up his idea and finally positively refused to inoculate him or even to furnish him with cultures. But, not- withstanding the high authority of the Professor from Alfort, and the opinion expressed by high personalities of the medical profession, among them Dr. Brouardel, who, like Nocard, con- sidered the experiment as proving nothing and of a frightful re- sponsibility, incurred uselessly— he waited a week, and, receiv- ing no answer, he started for Berlin and called on the German professor. His visit was not more successful. The plan of his inocu- lation, as he had thought might be done, did not seem to be acceptable, assays Dr. Garnault for Koch: ‘‘/¢ zs zot tnoculation, but the simpleingestion of raw,unborled milk, continued for months, which shall constitute the most convincing demonstration.” * In the presence of such a position of Prof. Koch, Dr. Gar- nault has modified his former plans and proposes now: after a testing injection of tuberculine, he will during one year, with- out interruption, drink only tuberculous milk, as rich in ba- cilli as he will be able to obtain. Every two or three months he will receive an hypodermic inoculation of a very virulent culture of bovine tuberculosis, whose virulency shall be con- trolled on calves as witnesses ! * Archives de Parasitologie, Vol. V, No. 1, p. 173. EDITORIAL. 3 Shall we hear more of the experiment of Dr. Garnault ? The sacrifice of his life for a scientific object, useless according to Nocard, Brouardel and others, will certainly give rise to many different opinions, but whatever those may be, it seems that in this Dr. Garnault will have the admiration of all those who, like him, are willing to die for their opinions, call it fanaticism or insanity. Prof. Koch, with his certitude of harmless bovine tuberculosis, and unwilling to inoculate himself, has certainly not the brilliant side of the question. * * * It will be asked how is the question to be settled. Koch will not inoculate himself, as it is stated he did at the time he wanted tuberculine placed on the market ; he will not incur the useless frightful responsibility of killing a man in inoculating him, and yet he believes in such little susceptibility on the part of man that it may be said he is refractory to bovine tuber- culosis. To await the result of Dr. Garnault’s experiment may demand some time, and when its result will be known it will prove nothing. In the Bulletin No. 33, of the Bureau of Animal Industry, recentiy published, where Dr. D. E. Salmon treats the subject of the relation of bovine tuberculosis to the public health, a bulletin which I would advise every one to read, as it treats the subject with a master’s hand, and constitutes by itself a power- ful refutation of the plea advanced by Koch, there is a little notice on the bottom of page 35 whose importance and value will not be overlooked. It says: “Tf it were true that man is entirely insusceptible to bovine tuberculosis, it would appear that monkeys, the animals most closely related to man, should also be insusceptible, or at least ’ should not be easily infected with bovine bacilli. An experi- ment of the Bureau of Animal Industry, concluded while this bulletin is going through the press, indicates, on the contrary, that these animals are extremely susceptible to this form of tuberculosis. A baboon inoculated subcutaneously showed an ulcer locally, great enlargement of the axillary glands, and, 4 EDITORIAL. later, symptoms of acute generalized tuberculosis. After death the lungs, liver and spleen in particular were found filled with tubercles, and the other organs were more or less involved. An- other monkey of a different species, inoculated at the same tiie, has become emaciated and has probably also contracted the dis- ease.” Evidently the monkey is closely related to man, and to every unprejudiced mind this experiment will add its weight to those made on other animals ; but, will say Koch :—“ It is not man, itis not by ingestion of food, of milk that the infection has taken place,” and the ‘‘ most convincing demonstration ” is not given. Patience. We already know of a case of generalized tuber- culosis of the monkey, whose carcass we had the opportunity to exainine ; tuberculosis brought about by ingestion of tubercu- lous food, and, again, the Société de Médecine Veterinaire Pratique is now engaged in the experiments I have spoken of. In a comfortably heated quarter of the large abattoir of the mar- ket of La Villette, three monkeys have been placed after hav- ing been tuberculined by Prof. Nocard to ascertain their free- dom from tuberculosis. They are to be fed with preparations of tuberculous substances from bovine origin. The feeding will vary. One meal only for one, another will have two meals a week, the third will have three. Closely watched by veterinarians, the animals are exempt from exposure from any other way; in fact, are placed in as strict condition as the importance of the experiment requires. I shall give our readers the results as soon as they are known. kK But how different from the statement of Koch is the one made by Prof. Behring, at one meeting of the Academy of - Sciences of Stockholm, and which was published iu the Berliner Thierarztliche Wochenschrift : “I do not bring you hopes, but Jacts which make me believe that I have succeeded in giving bo- vines immunity against tuberculosis.” Numerous observations have proved that the ordinary con- EDITORIAL. Fa) ceptions that one has of the virulency of tuberculosis, are sub- ject to modifications. In relation to bacteridian anthrax, says Behring, one may speak of virulency and of attenuation. With tuberculosis, it may happen that a breed of tuberculous bacilli, entirely attenu-_ ated for guinea-pigs, may yet remain quite virulent for rabbits and be even more so for horses ; or, again, on the contrary, that another very virulent for guinea-pigs may prove much less dan- gerous for bovines. In experiments upon bovines, it is possible to insure the im- munizing action of tuberculous bacilli attenuated in theif viru- lency for bovines. Immunization of those animals is better obtained by injection in the blood of bacilli comparatively in- offensive, according to the principle established by Pasteur, for the immunization of sheep against anthrax. The tuberculous bacilli of man, cultivated for a long time in artificial media, behave towards bovines as a vaccine towards an active virus. Thissame human bacillus, cultivated since a short time or taken directly from man, specially after having passed through the goat, is very virulent for bovines. The experiments made by Behring at Marbourg have proved the possibility of giving immunity to bovines against tuber- culosis. He now wants to establish by experiments the mini- mum of time, of nocuity for the animal and of expenses neces- sary to realize in a practical point of view the immunization of bovines. To carry this work to a satisfactory end he has decided to use the whole amount of the Nobel prize which was granted to him. The battle which is now fought against bovine tuber- culosis is only one step forward in the struggle which will bring us to the extinction of human tuberculosis, and the discovery announced by Behring as an accomplished fact has a capital importance. It opens new fields for hope of immunization of man against tuberculosis and in showing that the tuberculous bacilli of man can be very virulent for bovines, it has given an- other severe blow to the theory presented by Koch. A. L. 6 EDITORIAL. NEW JERSEY IN LINE WITH A VETERINARY LAW. The profession throughout the country will unite with their brethren in New Jersey in exultation at the news that the bill which has been pressed during the present session of the Legis- lature has passed both houses, received the Governor’s signa- ture, and is now a sovereign law. ‘This bill, as most REVIEW readers know, creates a Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners, who take office on the first Monday in May. The act is enti- tled ‘‘An Act to regulate the practice of veterinary medicine, surgery, and dentistry in the State of New Jersey, to license veterinarians, and to punish persons violating the provisions thereof.” It will thus be observed that the framers of the bill have forestalled the omissions in the laws of several of the States which have hitherto passed regulating acts, as the prac. tice of dentistry is forbidden to others than licentiates, leaving no room for argument during the prosecution of violators, who seek refuge under the claim that they practice the art of den- tistry only. Thus another strong State steps into line by recognizing the legitimate veterinary profession, and shuts its doors in the faces of charlatans as well as those who secure their education from institutions which fail to fulfill the modern idea of scientific training. Here is another splendid example of the value of State or- ganization. Instead of warring factions, as existed a few years ago, the amalgamated associations, under the banner of the Vet- erinary Medical Association of New Jersey and the irresistible leadership of President William Herbert Lowe, are as united and harmonious and enthusiastic a body of professional men as exist in this country, and they threw their shoulders against the legislative doors with so much force that they swung in- ward with a bang, and they tired not until every member of the Senate and Assembly had been personally appealed to, with the glorious result that we are to-day enabled to chronicle. In a private letter President Lowe says: ‘It is hardly neces- sary to explain to you the great work done through the machin- ery of our State organization. The influence and power of the EDITORIAL. v4 consolidated State association has certainly been thoroughly tested by the achievement the profession in New Jersey is so proud of to-day. The act could not possibly have been passed by the Legislature had it not been for our splendid organization. The members in our twenty-one counties worked like one man, and every order was obeyed with a will that made one’s heart glad, and each legislator was interviewed by a veterinary con- stituent. We were fortunate in having the hearty endorsement of the State Grange as well as the State Board of Agriculture. At its recent meeting in Trenton the latter body adopted the following resolution by a unanimous vote: ‘That the State Board of Agriculture, recognizing the necessity and value of competent veterinary service to live-stock owners, agricultural interests, and the preservation of public health, do heartily ap- prove and endorse the movement for the establishment of a State Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners to regulate the practice of veterinary medicine and surgery in the State of New Jersey.’ I am personally of opinion that the profession has not been in close enough touch in the past with agricultural interests, boards of health, and kindred organizations. It is by codpera- tion that the best results can be obtained. . . . I have been unable to write all the veterinarians who have assisted in the enactment of the present bill, and you will therefore do mea great favor if you will kindly thank the members of the profes- sion throughout the State in behalf of myself and the Legisla- tive Committee through the pages of the REVIEW.” Three cheers for New Jersey! Next!! Eos, PROVINCHK OF THE. A.V. M. A, The February /ournal advocates the dropping of clinics and papers upon practical subjects at the meetings of the A. V. M. A. Such a step would, in our judgment, be fatal to the best interests of this national body, and would result in a loss of membership and interest that would rob the organization of its representative character. What practising veterinarian would journey from the East to the Northwest to hear the reading and 8 EDITORIAL. discussion of a long thesis upon Texas fever, for instance, im- portant and vital though the subject be, when he could read the whole affair at his leisure at home? We need all classes of the profession in the A. V. M. A., and when any number are de- prived of the material which concerns their interests and their requirements, their support is lost. Sectional work is the only solution of the subject, and the association is rapidly resolving itself into that shape. It is gaining in quantity and quality of its membership and influence every year, and we beseech the members not to do one act which will lessen its progress. Let well enough alone. ASSEMBLY BILL No. 254, introduced in the New York Leg- islature by Mr. Merritt, an abstract of which was published in the REVIEW for February, has passed the lower house. We regret to say, however, that the Public Health Committee, to which it was referred upon its introduction, has through amend- ment shorn it of all the benefit which it would in its original form have conferred upon the veterinary profession. When the bill started on its course it made it mandatory upon the district- attorney of a county to prosecute an offender when supplied with evidence by a regular veterinary medical association, but when it emerged from the committee it simply became obliga- tory upon such society to place a copy of all papers in his hands before such prosecution is begun, without conferring the least assistance upon the society in its fight to purify the ranks of the profession. It amounts to the addition of red-tape, and it would have been better had the Public Health Committee have allowed it to slumber in the proverbial pigeon-hole. In the meantime, the subject of the prosecution of illegal practitioners in New York State lies dormant, and the quack and fakir wax fat with the product of their nefarious trade. READ the very full and interesting report of the fourteenth annual meeting of the Iowa State Veterinary Medical Associa- tion, published in the department of “‘ Society Meetings,”’ in this EDITORIAL. 9 number. It is an object lesson in such reports, and cannot fail to be of value to the members and to veterinarians in general. Three of the papers presented are also published this month, and the remaining ones will appear in quick succession, as they are allin hand. Incidentally, the profession should appreciate the enterprise of the REVIEW, as the space requisite for such a lengthy document has necessitated the addition of many pages, as the publishers are unwilling to permit any of the regular de- partments to suffer in consequence of this heavy demand upon their pages. “THE LIVING AND THE DEAD: Reminiscences of the Veterinary Practitioners of Forty Years Ago. By One of Them.” Such is the title of a series of articles shortly to be- gin in the pages of the REVIEW, and to the older members of the profession who were contemporaneous with the events nar- rated, as well as to those who treasure the precious history of the personnel of veterinary medicine in America, it will afford very entertaining reading, while the anecdotes and personal characteristics of the men who were upon the veterinary stage at the outbreak of the Civil War will appeal to their sense of humor and curiosity. WE wish to ask a number of correspondents and secretaries of veterinary medical associations to bear with us for a short time, as it became necessary this month to withhold a large quantity of valuable material sent in for publication. The de- mands upon our space have been so great that, even witha heavy increase of it, we find that much will have to be held until the May number, when we hope by extra pages to keep faith with all of our valued contributors. WE were much gratified at receiving an interesting letter on March 31 from Dr. Olof Schwarzkopf, U. S. Army, stationed on the Island of Luzon, Philippines. It also contained an article for the REVIEW. 10 ANDREW HYDE. ORIGINAL ARTCC: MILK INSPECTION. By ANDREW HyDE, D. V. S., NoRWICH, CONN. Read before the Connecticut Veterinary Medical Association, February, 1902. (Concluded from page 984, Vol. XXV.) Milk is a good media for the multiplication of bacteria, while the cows themselves, their food and excrement are the hosts of millions of species. ‘That the cow stable is the most fertile source of bacterial infection of milk must be apparent to anyone who is familiar with the general condition of them. The cow that is covered in dust and manure from infrequent cleaning, is the greater cause. With back, belly, sides, hips, flank, tail and udder loaded, it is impossible for the milker to keep the filth out of the pail. If she is unhealthy, she is doubly a source of danger. | An observation of the condition of stables where sanitation is not practiced, will convince those who may think inspection of them unnecessary, that they are mistaken. For example, let a visit be made to the basement of a barn seventy-five feet long, and observe a row of cows, extending from one end to the other, and three or four feet back of them a pile of manure of equal length, and well up to the floor above. One door is the usual number, and the windows are few and small. Drainage is imperfect, ventilation unknown, and everything is saturated with putrefying odors and exhalations of the cows. If one has any doubt but that such odors are absorbed by the milk while in the udder or get into it during the process of milking, have some of the morning’s milk delivered for the breakfast coffee, and it is quite safe to say that it will not require the logic of a senator to prove that milk produced under such circumstances will be disagreeably tainted. Other impurities of milk may occur from adulteration, col- oring matter, chalk, burnt sugar and salt are sometimes put into milk. MILK INSPECTION. EL Mixing skim milk with whole milk to obtain an average quality is practiced by the skilful. This practice is said to be on the increase. ‘The removal of a part of the cream is another method of adulteration. Milk thus adulterated is not only un- safe, but it contains less food value than it should, and the - consumer is deprived of nourishment which is supposed to be present. If one is dishonest enough to water milk, he will probably not be concerned about the purity of the water added. Impure water contains many bacteria, among which may be some path- ogenic species, such as baczllus colt communts, that cause indi- gestion, diarrhcea and dysentery in children, and adults having weak digestive organs. Various chemical compounds are sometimes added to milk, to check or prevent bacterial changes. Among these -may be mentioned formaldehyde, borax, salicylic acid, boracic acid, salicylate of sodium, carbonate and bicarbonate of sodium. These substances have very little taste or smell, and can only be detected by a chemical analysis. ‘Their general use as pre- servatives is regarded as detrimental to the public health. Milk may vary in quality from causes other than the use of adulterants. Some breeds of cows and individual of the same breed give richer milk than others. Holsteins are famous for producing large quantity, while the Jerseys are noted for the richness of their milk. Food has an important bearing on the quantity of milk secreted. The period of lactation also in- fluences the composition of milk, notably the casein and albumin. Normal milk contains 33 per cent. of casein and albumin, but the first few days after calving the milk may contain 15 per cent. of these constituents. The total solids of milk increase as the period of lactation lengthens. ‘““HOW TO EXAMINE MILK.” The essential thing to do in examining milk is to distin- guish between flagrant fraud and unavoidable variations. The first thing to be done is to obtain a sample, which may be either 12 ANDREW HYDE. a single or composite one. Before the sample is taken the milk should be thoroughly mixed, so that the quantity taken may fairly represent the quality of the milk from which it was re- moved. A single sample may not be sufficient to clear away all doubt in regard tothe quality of the milk from an individual cow or of a herd of cows, but a composite sample, extending over one or two weeks or more, will give reliable data on which to base an opinion, because the danger of occasional variation is avoided. It is true, the circumstances of municipal inspec- tion may be such that the use of a composite sample for seeking positive evidence is impracticable, and that other methods will give a safe result. A composite sample is the total of daily samples extending over a desired time, z. ¢., it may be the sum of the daily samples of a week ora month. A sample is collected daily (say one-third of an ounce) and placed in a bottle containing some fat solvent, such as ether or chloroform, but preferably carbon bisulphide (one objection to its use is its disagreeable odor), because it is cheap and has the property of preserving the normal quality and miscibility of milk for a long time, probably indefinitely. For example, suppose the composite sample is to cover a period of ten days, place in a bottle one-half ounce (about 15 cc.) of carbon bisulphide, and every day add one-half ounce of the properly mixed milk. Then shake the bottle until on standing the fat of the milk is all on the bottom of the bottle. Each time, after putting in the daily sample, the bottle must be tightly corked. At the end of ten days the composite sample will con- sist of five ounces of milk (about 150 cc.) and ten per cent. as much of carbon bisulphide. It can then be sent to a milk ana- lyst, if one is not prepared to make an accurate analysis him- self. Good whole milk has a whitish color and sweetish taste. If it stands for several hours cream rises, and if complete separa- tion has taken place, the cream should be about one-fifth of the total bulk. Skimmed or watered milk is thinner than whole milk and has a bluish-white color. If the milk is pure there MILK. INSPECTION. 13 should be no sediment on the bottom of the vessel after the cream has set. The yellowish color of milk is usually due to fat, but it may be caused by bacteria and the presence of color- ing matter. * “To detect coloring matter, add to some milk an equal © quantity of ether and shake the mixture ; on standing, if color- ing matter has been used, a yellow colored solution will rise to the surface; if none is present, the solution will be clear.” + “ Annato or Butter Color is determined as follows: 100 ce. of milk, made strongly alkaline with sodium carbonate, are placed in a small cylinder; a strip of filter-paper, about one-half inch wide and five inches long, is introduced, and the whole allowed to stand in the dark for twelve hours. If annato is present, the strip of paper, after washing, will be a pale salmon color, which is changed to a decided pink by moistening with a solution of stannous chloride, and after drying at the temperature of the room to a bluish color, on treatment with strong sulphuric acid.” The test for acidity of milk. It is sometimes desirable to know if milk is fresh, or old and near the souring point, as in the latter condition it is unfit for infants, children or delicate persons, and its value is less. For this test the most convenient method is that of using certain alkaline tablets (known as Har- tington’s Alkaline Tablets). T'wo of these are dissolved in water and added to an ounce of milk. They are ofsuch strength that a solution of two of them will turn an ounce of fresh milk pink. Ifthe milk remains white after this quantity has been added the supposition is that it is old and near the souring point, or that acid has been added. The test for cream is a simple one, but not accurate, and about the only advantage of it is, that it gives a good oppor- tunity for noticing if filth or sediment is present. The appa- ratus required is a creamometer, which is filled with milk to the zero mark, and then put in a cool place for twenty-four hours, * Harrington & Woll’s Testing Milk, p. 92. +N. Y. City Board of Health Report, 1896, p. 169. 14 ANDREW HYDE. when the per cent. of cream can be noted. Good milk should contain 20 per cent. of cream. Another method may be used to facilitate the test. Fill the creamometer half full of hot water (120° F.) to which has been added a few drops of a solution of caustic soda, then fill with milk up to the zero mark. After stirring well set in cold water (40° F.) for thirty minutes, when the cream will have risen, and the percentage present, multiplied by two, will be the cream content of the sample tested. LACTOMETER TEST. This test is used to determine if milk has been skimmed or watered and is based on the specific gravity of milk, which is slightly heavier than water, ranging in good milk at 60° F. from 1,029 to 1,033. The instrument required is a glass bulb, with a tubular neck, containing a graduated scale. Some lac- tometers have a thermometer attached, which is very conven- ient, as not only the gravity is indicated, but also the tempera- ture of the milk. Make the temperature of sample 60° F., then insert the lactometer, and note the reading of the scale at the surface of the milk. Good milk will indicate about 110 on the lactometer at 60° F. If the lactometer sinks below 100° and the milk is thin and bluish-white, water has been added. On the other hand, if the lactometer reading is above 100° and the milk is rich in appearance and sticks to the glass, it may be considered a pure milk. If cream is removed the gravity is increased ;if water has been added, it is decreased, hence, a sam- ple of high gravity indicates skimming, and a low one watering of the milk. Some cream can be removed and water added by the skillful, and the gravity remain unchanged, and to detect that condition another test is used in connection with the lacto- meter, known as the Babcock test, which by certain formula discloses the proportion of fat and total solids present. ~ Respectfully submitted, “JOHN J. REpP, Secretary pro ‘tempore.” The Treasurer submitted the following report : TREASURER’S REPORT. Fourteenth Annual Meeting, Feb. rr, 1902. iP FOR JOHN E. BROWN. Receipts. ‘Cash on hand from 12th Annual Meeting $78.80 ‘Cash for dues for 13th Annual Meeting 38.50 ‘“Cash for membership fees 8.00 peeenas 5:30 Disbursements. ‘“‘ Presentation of canes $33.55 “Hall rent, 13th Annual Meeting 5-00 “‘ Secretary’s expense 10,38 ** Postage 1.00 ““ Stationery 1325 ‘Paper BS “ Stenography E. 205 ‘“ Express Oskaloosa to Ames I.10 ‘“ Express Waynesville to Ames 1.25 “Letter heads 3.50 $58.73 ‘*‘ Balance to John J. Repp $66.57 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 69 HH: FOR SELF. Recerpts. ** Cash from John E. Brown $66.57 “ Refund American Express Co. 1.35 ‘Cash for dues for 14th Annual Meeting 26.00 ‘Cash for back dues F5er5 “Cash for membership fees 12.00 $141.67 Disbursements. ‘* Express $ 2.00 “« Stationery 17.90 ‘“« Blanks 3.50 * Stamps 15.50 * Telegrams .9O “ Announcements 1.50 ‘“‘ Programs 3.00 ‘“‘ Badges and express 14.20 ‘* Secretary’s expense 14.62 “ Cards 2325 $7537 ‘‘ Balance in Treasurer’s hands $66.30 ‘Respectfully submitted, “JOHN J. REPP, 7reasurer pro tempore.” The following committee was appointed to audit the Treas- urer’s accounts: Dr. H. L. Stewart, Dr. C. A. Clinton, Dr. Geo. M. Walrod. The auditing committee made the following report : REPORT OF AUDITING COMMITTEE. ‘‘DES MOINES, Iowa, Feb. I1, Ig02. “ We, the Auditing Committee for the Fourteenth Annual Meeting of the Iowa State Veterinary Medical Association, hereby certify that we have examined the above account of the Treasurer, and that we find it correct. “GEO. M. WALROD, $e CA. CLIN RON, - Auditing Committee.” “H. L. STEWART. By vote of the association, the report was accepted. The Secretary read communications from various members, and others. Of especial interest was the following from Dr. John 740) SOCIETY MEETINGS. E. Brown, of Chattanooga, Tenn., former Secretary of the association : ‘‘CHATTANOOGA, TENN., Jan. 28, I902. “To My Dear Old Friends and Members of the Towa State Veterinary Medical Association : “(GENTLEMEN :—The announcement and most excellent program of the next annual meeting of the association to be held on Feb. 11th and 12th is before me. “TT can scarcely bring myself to realize that my position, geographically, is so remote from you that henceforth I must be deprived of the exceeding pleasure of attending these meet- ings. That I can no longer be, in person, one of you with whom it was my privilege to mingle so pleasantly and so profit- ably for so many years, is to me a matter of very deep regret. ‘‘ Side by side we have worked together for the advance- ment of the various interests of our profession without a hitch, and I cherish the thought that after all these years I can think of each and every member as a warm personal friend as well as co-operator in association matters. While it is true, I am temporarily, through force of circumstances, out of practice, I am still in the true sense of the term a veterinarian, and your interests are mine. I hope to live to see the day when the vet- erinary profession will be honored and appreciated just as much as any other, and will then rejoice as heartily as any one. Sim- ply treating the sick and injured horses, cattle and other ani- mals is not the highest calling of the profession. That far it is looked upon more as a trade with a financial basis of valuation. Just as soon as the people learn that veterinarians stand for higher sanitary conditions—conditions which mean better health and more happiness to the human race as well as to the lower animals—and the veterinary profession proves that its members are true, educated, scientific sanitarians, then, but not until then, will the profession enjoy the high respect, confi- dence and power socially and professionally, that every progtes- sive veterinarian knows it should. Iowa in the years past has made a beautiful start in the right direction in this respect. She has set a noteworthy pace for her sister States to follow. I do not fear that in the years to come she will fall behind the pace she has already set. “The North and West are far better suited to veterinary practice than the South. ‘The ratio of opportunities for veteri- narians in the North and the South is about ten to one in favor of the former. ‘The stock interests here are undeveloped. As SOCIETY MEETINGS. Gi | a rule the stock seen through the country is very inferior both in quantity and in quality as compared with the Northern and Western States. There is a gradual improvement in the stock interests throughout the South, and sooner or later a fertile field for veterinarians will open. ““We as a fainily are greatly enjoying the modified winter temperatures, and are passing the winter with decidedly im- proved health. While we do, and long will, miss the familiar faces and cheery ‘ helloes’ of our Iowa friends, these changes go along way toward making us like our new home ‘’way down in Dixie.’ “And now, my friends, while it becomes my unpleasant duty to present my resignation as Secretary and active worker in the Iowa State Veterinary Medical Association, in spirit I will still be with you, especially on Feb. 11th and 12th. I shall cherish the kindest remembrances of the association and will ever re- joice in any and all of its achievements. “Ina parting word I would, if I could, inspire each Iowa veterinarian with a still greater interest in the State association and loyalty to its interests. Combine your efforts, concentrate your forces, permit naught but harmony in your ranks, and your progress will mean success. Also, let me bespeak for my suc- cessor in office the same loyal, courteous treatment you have always accorded to me. “Long may you prosper. Remember my latchstring is out to any member who may ever happen to journey this way. ‘‘Kver yours, with best wishes, J. E. Brown.” Dr. Gibson moved that a special committee of three be ap- pointed by the President to draft resolutions in regard to Dr. John E. Brown, former secretary of the association. This mo- tion prevailed. The President appointed the following committee: Dr. J. I. Gibson, Dr. John J. Repp, Dr. Geo. A. Scott. The Board of Censors reported favorably upon the follow- ing applicants for membership: Dr. G. L. Buffington, Baxter ; Dr N. A. Kippen, Riceville; Dr. F. F. Parker, Oskaloosa ; Dr. J. S. Potter, lowa City ; Dr. John V. Jewell, Le Mars. The President appointed as tellers Dr. S. H. Kingery and Dr. C. E. Stewart. On ballot by the association the following were elected to active membership: Dr. G. L. Buffington, Dr. N. A. Kippen, Mr. Parker, Dr:\J..S. Potter. 72 SOCIETY MEETINGS. On motion the ballot on the application of Dr. John V. Jewell was postponed indefinitely because no one was present who knew Dr. Jewell well enough to inform the members fully in regard to him. Adjournment was taken to 1:30 P. M. FEBRUARY 11—FIRST DA Y—AFTERNOON SESSION. Meeting called to order by President Koto at 1:30 P. M. New business was taken up. The Secretary moved that all members three years or more in arrears in dues be suspended until all. back dues are paid. Seconded by Dr. Kingery. The Secretary then explained that this motion was in accordance with the provision of Article IV of the by-laws of the association. Dr. Walrod moved to amend the motion so as to exclude from suspension all those who would pay their dues before ad- journment of the meeting for the afternoon. ‘This amendment was duly seconded, put to a vote, and carried. On vote the motion as amended was adopted. The Secre- tary then read a list of thirty-six members to whom this action would apply. Dr. Clinton moved to instruct the Secretary to send a regis- tered communication to each member suspended notifying him of his suspension and stating that all back dues must be paid before he could be reinstated. This was seconded, put to a vote and adopted. On motion Dr. John E. Brown, Chattanooga, Tennessee, and Dr. H. E. Titus, Lafayette, Ind., both active members with dues paid up, were elected to honorary membership for the period during which they reside outside of the State. Dr. Kingery moved that suspended members who desire re- instatement must, after paying back dues, apply for reinstate- ment and that the application must be submitted to a vote of the association by ballot ; seconded by Dr. Clinton, put to a vote, and carried. In the absence of the author the Secretary read Dr. Hamil- ton’s report of ‘“‘ A Case of Anthrax in a Horse.” * As Dr. Simpson was not present his report on ‘ Chronic Atrophic Orchitis in a Bull”’* was read by Dr. Kingery. The Board of Censors reported favorably upon the following applications for membership: Dr. A. B. Wilmoth, Des Moines ; Dr. A. A. Adamson, Newton; Dr. T. F. McEvers, Colfax. ’ * Published in the department of ‘‘ Reports of Cases’? in this number. SOCIETY MEETINGS, 73 The President appointed as tellers Dr. C. E. Stewart and Dr. P. Malcolm. On ballot of the association the following were elected to ac- tive membership : Dr. A. B. Wilmoth,Dr. A. A. Adamson and Dr. T. F. McEvers. The Secretary moved to reinstate Dr. W. A. McClanahan, who had been suspended for non-payment of dues, to active membership. On ballot of the association Dr. McClanahan was reinstated. On motion, the association went into secret session. Dr. Repp moved that the non-graduate practitioners be given no more recognition than any other visitors. Seconded. After some discussion, Dr. Austin moved to amend so as to extend an invitation to all except registered non-graduates to attend the meetings. This was fully debated and on vote was defeated. The original motion was then voted upon and car- tied. At 6:30, on motion, adjournment was taken to 8 Pp. M. FEBRUARY r1—FIRST DAY—EVENING SESSION. Called to order by President Koto at 8:30 P. M. The President appointed Dr. J. I. Gibson and Dr. Geo. A. Scott to fill vacancies on Committee on Resolutions, due to the absence of Dr. G. E. Noble and Dr. Wm. Hamilton. The report of the Committee on Sanitation was then made by the Chairman, Dr. T. A. Shipley. REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON SANITATION. “By way of introduction, or explanation, of this report its chairman wishes to state that no effort has been made to ad- vance any new or original ideas on this subject, but that the committee has gathered from contemporary veterinary litera- ture and personal observation a few of what seemed to be the most pertinent facts and theories as applied to present local con- ditions. “The work has all been done in the last three weeks. It was arranged, at the suggestion of your worthy Secretary, to give Dr. Miller the ground covering State and municipal meat inspection. His plan of work was to send out about twenty letters to each of the cities and to some of the more important towns of our State with the following questions : “1. How many slaughtering establishments have you, not including those having federal government inspection ? “2. How many are within the city limits? V4 SOCIETY MEETINGS. “3. Give approximate number of animals slaughtered annu- ally. “4. Are all of these animals inspected before and at the time of slaughter by a city official ? ‘5. What are the qualifications of the inspector ? “6, What disposition is made of the condemned parts and carcasses ? “He states that only a few replies have been received and that they were very slow in coming in—the usual fate of such inquiries so far as Iam able to determine. In fact there is no ineans whereby any statistics of this nature can be gathered. His report is inserted verbatim in the body of this report. To - Dr. Gillian was assigned the task of reporting on State and municipal milk inspection. His report was placed in my hands yesterday, Feb. 10, and will be read as given. Your chairman then had left for his consideration the State control of contagi- ous diseases and the laws regulating this work. A word in passing may be devoted to a consideration of the relations these sustain, or should sustain, to those of our sister States and those of the federal government. We have no instantaneous, sure-shot, cut-and-dried remedy to recommend for the cure of all the ills that ignorance and contempt of sanitary law engender. We are also willing to concede in the broad field of sanitary science the rela- tive importance of the work of the regular physician, the sanitary engineer, the bacteriologist, the chemist, and all others engaged in any branch of the complicated work of the modern sanitarian, even to our friend, the original surgeon, the barber, in his legal attempts to assure us that he is shaving us with a clean razor. Certain it is that the keystone of progress in modern medicine is prevention rather than cure. We believe that all sanitary work should be concentrated into national, State and local boards of health which work together harmoniously and that this work should be directed by these boards. Also, that any State or municipal sanitary laws, rules or regulations should as far as possible supplement or augment the federal system already established and should not entail any unnecessary hardships or inconveniences upon those directly concerned. “Tt is almost self-evident that no State with our modern methods of commercial activity and free exchange of all com- modities, can of itself protect all its interests from invasion from without and from enemies within without the help of the general government. And, indeed, after conceding all that the general government has done, or is willing and able to do, there nr SOCIETY MEETINGS. 1d will still be enough left to keep all trained sanitarians busy at work for the remainder of our natural lives at least. “ Municipal Meat Inspection.—To ascertain what is being done in municipal meat inspection your committee sent out a letter of inquiry to the board of health of each city and some of the more important towns of our State. Only five or six replies have been received. These are, however, from places that may be considered a fair average of the whole, as they are among the representative cities of the State. ‘‘ All have slaughtering-houses varying in number from two to five; some of which are situated within the city limits. We have not been able to ascertain the number of animals slaugh- tered annually, but it is safe to state that the aggregate number would amount to many thousands, yet the answers received would indicate that none of these animals are inspected either before or at the time of slaughter. That there are some diseased animals among all of these ‘and parts of carcasses that should be condemned, there is no doubt, but nobody has any knowledge of what disposition is made of them, or to what use they are “put. We can imagine, however ! “One reply indicated that the subject had been discussed, but that no action had been taken. ‘“The great majority of our people are not aware of tlie necessity of this inspection. The danger of a contaminated meat supply is best known to veterinarians and it is incumbent upon us to make known this danger to others, and do all we can to bring about an adequate system of inspection. To this end your committee believes that veterinarians should be made members of boards of health whenever practical, and we would recommend that articles be published from time to time in our newspapers bearing upon the different phases of this subject ; that each municipal council should pass an ordinance bringing each slaughter-house in the vicinity under municipal control, Tequiring them to do all their slaughtering at one abattoir, and that ata time when the council can best provide a qualified in- spector, chosen by them, and to whom he must render a regular report. ‘“ Datry and Milk Inspection.—It has been requested by the chairman of the Sanitation Committee that I prepare a report on ‘Dairy and Milk Inspection’ and setting forth what it should be. ‘The inspection of the dairies and milk in my part of the State has received no attention at all in regard to sanitary conditions, and the dairymen conduct their dairy business in a 76 SOCIETY MEETINGS. way that is satisfactory to themselves, taking no thought of the consumers of the milk. “The dairy and its product should receive our best atten- tion, as there is no one article of food in such universal use as is milk ; possessing as it does all the elements necessary for primary growth, it is the initial and only food for the newly born and continues as such for months. Milk will receive and convey the odor of its surroundings. The unpleasant flavor of certain vegetables, and sour or fermented foods which the cow may eat is readily detected in milk, and of all food that reaches our table none affords a more genial habitation for nearly every form of bacterium than milk. Not a year passes but that we find living proof of communicability of disease of various kinds through the medium of milk. “Milk is part of the cow and is therefore animal matter. If the cow is tuberculous her milk is part of a diseased cow, and no matter how much it is boiled, it still remains part of a dis- eased cow and should not be used for human food. Now, while we are trying to protect the public against the use of this dis- eased milk, we should also protect the dairyman, and warn him against buying well-bred cows to increase the richness of his milk, simply because he can buy them cheap, lest he introduce some disease with them into his herd. I doubt if any one who has not been actually engaged in the inspection of dairy stables can appreciate the condition in which cows are sometimes found. Inflammation of the udder is a very common affection and in this case the secretions from the diseased organ pass away with the milk. In some cases there is tuberculosis of the organ, when, of course, the condition is even more serious. We may readily see that one or two diseased cows can contaminate the milk of a whole herd and render it unfit for use. There are many cases on record in which there is undeniable proof of the spread of typhoid fever, diphtheria and many other forms of dis- ease through the medium of milk. ‘The dairy industry is getting to be a very common one in our country, especially in larger cities, and we find only a small portion of the dairies under sanitany inspection. In this field I believe we can do a great work for humanity. We should im- press upon the dairyman the criminality of selling milk from diseased cows, and induce him to apply sanitary principles to his dairy, such as thorough cleanliness, light, good ventilation, pure water supply, and good, wholesome food. ““We should be in touch with our health officers in our SOCIETY MEETINGS. Vive locality, working together in one common cause to maintain the health of the community. It is along this line of work that the veterinarian can make for himself a reputation worthy of his calling. The only way these things can be accomplished is by legislation. “Tt now remains with this association to use every means in its power to see that some proper law is passed by our legis- lature requiring that all dairies should be under strict inspec- tion. “State Control of Contagious Diseases.—Regarding con- {agious animal diseases our State this year seems to be remark- ably fortunate so far as I am able to discover. ‘The one disease that overshadows all others in its peculiarly slow, insidious and almost imperceptible, but none the less fatal progress, marches on almost unhindered and I might say by the large majority yet unknown. Tuberculosis seemis still to elude all sanitary at- tempts of states and nations to satisfactorily control its ravages among human beings or theiranimal servants. Our State up to within a few years has been comparatively free from its grasp on our domestic animals, but we are fast becoming, as it were, a dumping ground of high bred infected stock from other States used in our higher bred herds for the supposed purpose of 1m- provement. From these it is carried to all classes of stock and to all localities into which they may happen to be taken. Per- haps the warning recently given by the Secretary of Agricul- ture against the importation of high-bred stock, together with the tubereulin test imposed on all imported stock under his direction will do much to educate those concerned as to the na- ture and prevalence of the disease. “ The stock owner should remember that, even though there is at present some reason to believe, or rather to hope, that the pr ncipal source of infection for human beings is other human beings and for animals is other animals, an ounce of preventionin either case is worth many pounds of cure. The modern history of our knowledge of this disease is largely a recital of the achievements of Prof. Koch and his influence on the work of other modern investigators, and may be divided into three chief epochs. The first dating from his modest announcement in 1882 that he had traced tuberculosis to the presence of a bac- terial parasite. Seldom, if ever, had any medical discovery been received immediately with such intense interest and yet the ground at that time was thoroughly broken for the reception of , this seed, which immediately took root and thrived like the 78 SOCIETY MEETINGS. proverbial green bay tree. This discovery gave a wonderful impetus to the work of modern pathology. ‘The second epoch dates from the somewhat more sensational announcement of the secular press in 1890 of his discovery of a cure for this disease in tuberculin. Prof. Koch was then in the employ of his government at a salary of $7000 per annum be- sides a pension, had one of the finest laboratories for bacterio- logical research in the world and was assisted by.a well trained and well paid corps of assistants. Though tuberculin did not fulfil its promise as a curative agent it has paid its cost many times over as a diagnostic agent. “The third epoch was ushered in last summer at the British Congress on Tuberculosis by the widely heralded announce- ment by this same Prof. Koch that human tuberculosis cannot be transmitted to cattle and very strongly intimating the reverse conclusion that animal tuberculosis is very seldom if ever trans- mitted to the human being. This latter part especially has raised a storm of protest among investigators the world over, and even though the specific contention may be proved beyond a doubt untrue, it will have accomplished a grand result by sputring on its final settlement. ‘“In reviewing the legislation by the different States and Territories on this subject as compiled by the Department of Agriculture in bulletin No. 28, we find forty-nine different laws or absences of law enumerated regulating, or intended to regu- late, this malady in the different States and Territories. ‘“The laws of our own State make no specific reference to tuberculosis. The only mention is in rule 12 of the rules and regulations of the State Board of Health, which reads, ‘In sus- pected cases of bovine tuberculosis the tuberculin test shall be recognized asa valuable diagnostic.’ This is excellent as far as it goes, but whether this declaration is all the law in the case will warrant or the expediency of circumstances permit, we are without the necessary data to judge. The State Veterinarian by virtue of his office as a member of the State Board of Health is looked upon as the State veterinary sanitarian, and if the law as it now exists is too vague and indefinite to allow of anything more explicit, we should have the hearty and concerted support of every graduated veterinarian and his friends in this State to bring about the passage of a law or the adoption of rules and regulations that his experience will have shown to be practical. “The next most insidious disease which the sanitarian of this State has to deal with is, perhaps, glanders. We believe SOCIETY MEETINGS. 79 this disease to be more generally understood and feared by the community at large than is tuberculosis. “ Anthrax, so far as I have been able to determine, has not gained any permanent foothold in our State as it has in certain States farther south on the Mississippi. There is, however, al- ways a possibility of its invading our territory. ‘‘ Sporadic outbreaks of rabies and other infectious diseases have been discovered within our borders and were promptly and efficiently handled by the State Veterinarian and his assistants. ‘“* Hog cholera and swine plague, for some reason or other, seem to have spent their fury, and the hog has seemed to enjoy extraordinarily good health the past season. How much this may be due to an enforced economy of feeding on account of high prices of grain I shall leave to you and the producer to conjecture. Certain it seems that a large part of the annual loss from this source could be obviated by intelligent sanitary measures. It will certainly not be contended that this improve- ment has been brought about by the strict enforcement of the law against buying, selling or giving away the carcasses of hogs dead from this disease, or against the transportation of infected hogs over the public highways. “Tt would be highly interesting and instructive to know how much the prevalence of this disease has been lessened by the general early sale of all suspicious hogs for immediate slaughter and the consequent removal of these centres of infec- tion with as little delay as possible, although this is in direct op- position to the intention of the law. This law, however, has been of inestimable value in fixing a large per cent. of the loss on the original owner of this stock by his willingness to refund money paid for diseased stock rather than stand for prosecution under the statute. In passing I might remark that I do not know of a better or more economical plan of rendering innocu- ous afly carcass or part of a carcass affected with any known contagious disease than by the method of tanking now employed around any large slaughter-house, and this one point alone would render the consolidation of the little country slaughter- houses into one well-equipped house desirable if for no other reason. In this way the different centres of infection operating through the feeding of offal in a raw state to other stock would be eradicated. “As to the transportation of stock intended for breeding or feeding over our railroads, we believe that this can be done only in freshly disinfected cars. The stock should be loaded at tem- 80 ‘ SOCIETY MEETINGS. porary movable hie that have likewise been recently disin- fected. The same precautions should be observed in unload- ing. °“ Regarding sheep scab, I wonder how many of our mem- bers know of the provision of our code for the handling of this malady and whether it has ever been enforced, and, if so, why it cannot be made to come under the eee of the State Veterinarian. “Finally, regarding legislation to right some of these mat- ters, your chairman recommends the concentration of our en- ergies through our Committee on Legislation, with the object of ’ procuring legislation that will ultimately result in compulsory State meat inspection under the supervision of the State Veteri- narian, or the State Board of Health with the State Veterinarian as its executive officer. At present the law should not be man- datory, but should simply enable cities, towns, or townships to regulate their local affairs through their local boards, subject to certain restrictions of the State board. There ought also to be some scheme devised whereby vital animal statistics and statistics of country slaughter-houses not under inspection could be ob- tained and:classified under this same authority. In a word, publicity and a general enlightenment of ourselves and the public is the key to the adjustment of these problems. The municipal slaughter-house combined with a system of insurance of clinically sound animals under the supervision of well trained, honest, courteous, discreet inspectors will solve the problem and lead to the establishment of a system for the detection and _ pre- vention of most of our contagious diseases. ‘“As we said before, there is nothing new or original in this report. We have in our small way gathered a few ideas from the various sources at our command which may be termed sprigs of promise that, with a little mixture of technical ability and common sense, may be engrafted upon the branches of the hardy old tree of existing conditions without any fear of injur- ing its vitality and with some hope of improving the quantity and quality of its fruit and the beauty of its foliage. “Respectfully submitted, TAL SHIBEEY 7. MILER: \ Commuttee.” ‘CH. M. GirLran On motion the report was received. Dr. S. H. Kingery then presented an extemporaneous report a “Ravages of Strongylus Tetracanthus.”’ SOCIETY MEETINGS. e 81 . The report of Dr. E. G. Marten on “ Urethral Calculus ” * was, in his absence, read by the Secretary. -The report of Dr. G. P. Statter on ‘A Cow Case” * was, in his absence, read by the Secretary. In the absence of Dr. J. Thomsen his report on ‘Open Joint ” * was read by Dr. Scott. Dr. C. C. Lyford, of Minneapolis, Minn., was introduced and spoke on the subject of the meeting of the American Veterinary Medical Association, which takes place at Minneapolis in Sep- tember next. He gave all graduated veterinarians a cordial in- vitation to attend the meeting, assist it by their presence and receive its benefits. He said that arrangements had been made to entertain the members and visitors and their ladies, and that the ladies would be admitted to the banquet. Dr. S. D. Brimhall, also of Minneapolis, Minn., was intro- duced, and after extending an invitation to the graduated veter- inarians of Iowa to attend the sessions and social functions of the meeting of the American Veterinary Medical Association next September, he gave a short talk on the veterinary sanitary laws of Minnesota. As Dr. Brimhall is veterinary officer of the State Board of Health of Minnesota and is charged with the ad- ministration of the State veterinary laws, this talk from him was very much appreciated. Dr. Kingery moved that a committee of three be appointed by the President for the purpose of furthering the interests of the meeting of the American Veterinary Medical Association to be held at Minneapolis next September. Seconded, put toa vote and carried. The President appointed the following committee: Dr. J. I. Gibson, Dr. John J. Repp, Dr. W. A. Heck. In the absence of Dr. L. U. Shipley, his report on “ Typhoid Fever in a Horse’’* was read by Dr. Gibson. In the absence of Dr. Wm. Drinkwater, his paper, ‘‘ Partu- tition Cases,’’+ was read by the Secretary. » On vote of the association, Dr. C. C. Lyford and Dr. S. D. Brimhall were elected to honorary membership in the associa- tion. Dr. H. E. Talbot, committee on clinics, announced the operations for which he had arranged, and urged a full attend- ance. Dr. C. E. Stewart moved to adjourn until 8 o’clock the fol- * Will be published in the May REVIEW. + Will be published in an early number of the REVIEW. 82 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 2 lowing morning, to meet at Dr. Talbot’s infirmary. Seconded, put to vote and carried. FEBRUARY 12TH—SECOND DAY—FORENOON. This forenoon was devoted to a clinic held at Dr. Talbot’s infirmary. The operations were as follows: Castration of double crypt- orchid, by Dr. C. E. Stewart ; castration of single cryptorchid, by Dr. P. Malcolm ; median neurectomy for ringbone, by Dr. D. H. Miller and Dr. P. Malcolm; removal of tumor fron: sow’s udder, by Dr. W. A. Heck; arytenoidectomy for roaring, by Dr. J. H. McNeall ; peroneal tenotomy for stringhalt, by Dr. W. A. Heck and Dr. H.. E. ‘Talbot. Dr. Talbot had charge of the clinic, and the arrangements were very satisfactory. The operations were well performed, and the clinic proved very interesting and instructive. FEBRUARY 12TH—SECOND DA Y—AFTERNOON SESSTOM Dr. E. Baughman presented his paper on ‘ Rabies.”* Dr. George M. Walrod read his paper on ‘‘ Amputation of a Bull’s Penis.”’* Dr. P. Malcolm presented his paper on ‘‘ Abortion in Cows.” * Dr. H. L. Stewart read his paper on ‘‘ Caesarean Section.” * Dr. S. T. Miller then presented his paper on ‘‘ External Ul- cerative Ano-Vulvitis.” * He said that the name had been sug- gested to him by Dr. Repp as a substitute for the name Infec- tious Ulcer of the Vulva, which had been applied to this disease but did not seem appropriate. In the temporary absence of Dr. H. E. Talbot from the con- vention hall his paper on ‘‘ The Trials of the Veterinary Board ”* was read by the Secretary. Dr. Gibson moved that the Secretary be authorized to edit the proceedings of this meeting and to have them printed in the AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW and the Journal of Com- parative Medicine and Veterinary Archives, if the editors could be induced to publish them ; or to have them printed in pamph- let form if it could be done free of cost by means of advertise- ments ; the Secretary to use his discretion in making choice be- tween the two methods of publication and to receive the sum of twenty dollars for his services in this connection. Seconded, voted upon, and carried. * Will be published in an early number of tne REVIEW, SOCIETY MEETINGS. 83 e The Secretary moved that the next meeting be held at Cedar Rapids. Seconded and after some discussion carried. On motion it was decided to hold the next meeting between December 1, 1902, and March 1, 1903, the exact time to be decided upon by the President and Secretary. The Committee on Resolutions then reported as follows : RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED. “Ur. President and Members ; We, your Committee on Resolutions, beg leave to report as follows: “ Resolved, That it is the sense of this association that the State Legislature should at its present session be very generous in the matter of granting the appropriation asked for and so greatly needed for the use of the veterinary section of the Ex- periment Station at Ames so that comprehensive investigation may be made inreference to the nature, prevention and treat- ment of the many diseases of our domestic animals which are so imperfectly understood and which cause such extensive losses, with a view to the prevention of these losses. Also, that the most liberal spirit should control the legislature in granting the appropriations for the other branches of work in the Experi- ment Station and to the State College for support and build- ings. ““ Resolved, ‘That we believe that it is requisite for the proper advancement of the Division of Veterinary Medicine of Iowa State College that its management be put into the hands of a veterinarian ; therefore, we would respectfully request the Board of Trustees of that institution to place a veterinarian in the position of dean of that division of the college. “ Resolved, That this association give its hearty support and assistance in every way possible to the State Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners in order that the best results may accrue to our profession now and in future years. “ Resolved, That we consider the Bang method of suppres- sion of tuberculosis of cattle to be the best method available and that we commend it to the cattle breeders of the State. Resolved, ‘That this association believes that there should be complete revision of the laws of our State relating to veteri- nary sanitation and the powers and duties of the State veterinar- ian and his assistants. Especially do we believe that all the laws in reference to sheep scab should be repealed and more ef- fective laws enacted in their stead, putting the control of this disease into the hands of the State Veterinary Department and providing sufficient funds to carry on the work. 84 SOCIETY MEETINGS. “ Resolved, That it is the opinion of this association that Section 5012 of the code should be amended by striking out the following words, to-wit : ‘ knowingly’ in the second and the third line and ‘knowing the same to be’ in the fifth line. And further, that Section 5013 should be amended by striking out the following words, to-wit: ‘knowingly’ in the first line, ‘nasal-gleet’ in the second line, ‘ button’ in the third line, and ‘knowing the same to be’ in the sixth line. And further, that Section 5014 should be amended by striking out the following words to-wit : ‘nasal gleet’ and ‘ button’ in the second line. “« Resolved, That it is the sense of this association that a com- petent veterinarian should be chosen by the Superintendent of the Horse Department of the State Fair to pass upon the sound- ness and freedom from hereditary unsoundness of all horses ex- hibited at our State Fair. Be it further ‘“« Resolved, That a copy of this resolution be sent: to the Secretary of the State Board of Agriculture and to the Superin- tendent of the Horse Department of the State Fair. “ Resolved, That expert judging of horses both as to sound- ness and individual excellence be made a feature of our next clinic. And be it further, “ Resolved, That the Committee of Clinic be hereby requested to arrange for the presence for the above purpose of at least two classes of draft horses and two classes of road or carriage horses. “ Resolved, That we express our strong appreciation of the earnest efforts of the late Dr. Rush Shippen Huidekoper in be- half of the veterinary profession in America as author, editor, teacher and practitioner, and especially his efforts in the interest of army legislation, that by his death we have lost one of our most powerful supporters and co-workers, and that we extend to Mrs. Huidekoper our tenderest sympathy for her in her great personal loss. ‘“« Resolved, That we extend our thanks to the management of the Savery Hotel for placing at our disposal a convention hall free of charge, and to the newspapers of Des Moines for their courteous treatment. “Gro. A. SCOTT “J. I. GIBSON - Commuttee.” “FP, J. NEIMAN The report of the Committee on Resolutions was on motion unanimously adopted. The election of officers resulted as follows: President—Dr. J. I. Gibson, Denison. SOCIETY MEETINGS. on Or First Vice-President—Dr. W. A. Heck, Maquoketa. Second Vice-President—Dr. T. A. Shipley, Cedar Rapids. Secretary and Treasurer—Dr. John J. Repp, Ames. Board of Censors—Dr. S. K. Hazlet, Oelwein ; Dr. Geo. A. Scott, Independence; Dr. W. H. Austin, Newton. The appointment of committees was deferred. Dr. W. A. Heck offered special resolutions as follows : “ Resolved, That inasmuch as the offering of unsound stal- lions to the public for breeding purposes isa menace to the best interests of the horse-breeders of the State, we recommend the enactment by the legislature at its present session of a law re- quiring the licensing of all stallions used for public service as sires. “* Resolved, That we extend to Dr. H. E. Talbot a vote of thanks for providing such an extensive clinic for our benefit, and that the usual appropriation be made to defray the ex- pense in connection therewith.” On motion these resolutions were adopted. The Committee on Resolution on Dr. John E. Brown, re- ported the following resolution : Resolved, ‘That we extend to Dr. John E. Brown, our former Secretary, our hearty good will, an expression of our high ap- preciation of his generous efforts through so many years in be- half of our association, and our best wishes for the health, happiness and success of himself and his family in their new southern home. “i. 1. GIBSON, SGEO. As SCORE, “TFOHN |p. ARERR?’ On motion it was unanimously adopted. The Secretary moved that the President appoint a Commit- tee on Legislation. Seconded, voted upon and carried. The Committee on Disease and Treatment submitted a re- port as follows: REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON DISEASE AND TREATMENT. ‘““ My report on disease and treatment must be brief. The members of the association have been somewhat negligent in reporting for this committee. Abundant material could be of- ferred if members would take notes on cases, observing the new phases of disease and its prevention and treatment. “In this State the usual diseases have appeared. Tubercu- losis is on the increase. It has been noticed, however, that the most intelligent, active and successful farmers are now begin- 86 SOCIETY MEETINGS. ning to view tuberculin as a valuable aid to diagnosis. They take more kindly to the tuberculin test, and feel that it is the only method by which a check can be put upon the course of this scourge. Actinomycosis is prevalent. Treatment with potassium iodide in the early stages is most gratifying, and in the later stages excision of growths and bone if necessary is of much benefit, and cures a large majority of cases. Bichromate of potassium in 20 per cent. solution has proved valuable in swabbing out abscess cavities. Impaction of the third stomach and cornstalk disease are frequent, and the fatality great. The symptoms of these diseases appear to me very similar at times, and treatment must be entirely preventive. Glanders and farcy are met with occasionally. Malignant catarrh of the ox has been epizootic throughout the northeastern portion of the State, but was of a rather mild type and readily amenable to ordinary remedies. ‘Tn two herds of cattle in Floyd County afflicted with con- tagious abortion I appled treatment which consisted of the daily application of antiseptic washes to the external genitals, rump and quarters; thorough disinfection of the stable and dis- charges ; careful removal of membranes when retained and irri- gation of the uterus. In addition 4 drams of a three per cent. solution of carbolic acid was given subcutaneously once daily for the first week, then the dose gradually decreased until at the expiration of a month it was discontinued. The disinfection was kept up a month longer. At this time all signs of abortion had disappeared completely from the two herds. “Dr. J. G. Parslow writes that in his territory during May and June epizootic cellulitis prevailed extensively in severe form, but caused but little loss of life. ‘“Blackleg caused considerable anxiety in sections and is on the increase owing to lack of confidence in vaccination on the part of the farmers. Cornstalk disease has caused consider- able loss. It appeared from two to four weeks after the cattle were turned into the fields. No remedy seems of any avail. Dr. P. O. Koto reports cornstalk disease in his part of the State. ‘Dr. H. E. Talbot writes that cornstalk disease has been very prevalent and very fatal. He has also had about 200 cases of what is similar to foot-and-mouth disease. ‘The disease has all the symptoms of contagious aphtha and is as much like what we have been taught to call foot-and-mouth disease as a twin-brother and may be called that for want of a better name. “J. H. McLEop, Chazrman.” SOCIETY MEETINGS. 8? On motion the association went into secret session. Dr. Heck moved that the Secretary be instructed to invite only graduated veterinarians to our next meeting. Seconded, voted upon and carried. On motion the association adjourned. The following members were in attendance at the meeting : G. Lames, Dysart; C. A. Clinton, Havelock ; Geo. M. Walrod, Storm Lake; C. E.' Stewart, Chariton; John J. Repp, Ames; P. O. Koto, Forest City; W. A. Heck, Maquoketa; P. Mal- colm, New Hampton; A. B. Wilmoth, Des Moines; A. A. Adamson, Newton; W. H. Austin, Newton; John H. McNeall, Ames; S. H. Kingery, Creston; D. E. Baughman, Fort Dodge ; M. Y. Schaffer, Des Moines; S. H. Bauman, Birmingham; F. J. Neiman, Marshalltown; S. T. Miller, Shelby; S. K. Hazlet, Oelwein; D. H. Miller, Harlan; H. C. Simpson, Denison; H. E. Talbot, Des Moines; H. L. Stewart, Lacona; Joseph Biggs, Union; T. A. Shipley, Cedar Rapids; J. I. Gibson, Denison ; J. A. Campbell, Des Moines; Geo. A. Scott, Independence ; J. R. Sanders, Corydon; N. A. Kippen, Riceville; J. S. Potter, Iowa City; G. L. Buffington, Baxter; C. W. Stevens, Knox- ville. The following visitors were in attendance: Hon. W. M. Greeley, Ames; Drs. C. C. Lyford, Minneapolis ; S. D. Brimhall, Minneapolis ; Thos. D. Hulme, Commerce ; Carl W. Gay, Ames ; H. B. Treman, Sioux City; W. L. Evers, Iowa Falls; Messrs. C. E. Harlan, Des Moines; W. J. Wallace, Des Moines; C. G. Martin, Des Moines; A. C. Lookingbill, Yale; Ira W. Edwards, meaneld; P. C. Price, Shell Rock; F. A. Blake; Harper; Zan Cotter, Chicago; A. W. Russell, Meservey; A. F. Baldwin, Ames; Walter E. Miller, Ames; Albert Stigers, Stuart; J. C. Boyd, Kansas City; R. H. Stevenson, Sigourney; Wim. R. Simpson, Elliott; H. M. Stevenson, Perry; H. C. Dillman, Wakley; J. E. Harley ; Chicago; J. N. Cozzens, Colo; S. T. Bodell, Winthrop; W. L. Turner, New Hampton. Respectfully submitted, JOHN J. REPP, Secretary. MINNESOTA STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. The tenth semi-annual meeting was called to order by Presi- dent Dr. J. N. Gould at the Merchants Hotel, St. Paul, at 2:00 P. M., Jan. 15th, 1902. The following members were present 88 SOCIETY MEETINGS. and responded to roll-call: Drs. C. C. Lyford, M. H. Reynolds, S.'D. Brimhall, R. Price, L. Hay, K:: J. McKenzie, S. H. Ward, G. A. Dallamore, J. G. Annand, J. N. Gould, George McGilli- vary, J. W. Gould, B. A. Pomeroy, H.C. Lyons, J. S. Butler, i. C. Peters, M. J. Sexton, F. Farmer,’ : 1.7 epee C. T. Eckles, J. P. Foster, R. LaPointe, Jno. McKay, J. W. Cook, D. M. McDonald, J. M. Lambert, Oscar Rydell, F. A. Illstrup, J. J. Findley, Geo. Leech, and R. H. Jerner.- The Treasurer’s report was read and accepted. The following applicants were duly elected to membership : Dr. R. K. Jerner (O. V. C.,°96), Chatfield; Minn. 3 Drdavard Ly. Kalb (O:. V..C.;°93), Rochester, Minn.< Dr, Geos ageeem (O.0V..C., °91), “Winona; Miun.; - Dr) J. J. Pinlay (Ona 88), Duluth, Minn. Dr. D. M. McDonald: reported for Committee on Colleges ; Dr. Hay read his report on recent veterinary literature pertain- ing to medicine, describing some interesting cases of poisoning by overdoses of sodium hypo-sulphite ; Dr. Hay recommended the administration of potassium iodide in 3 ii doses a short time prior to parturition as a prophylactic measure to prevent par- turient paresis. Dr. Price next read his report on ‘‘ Bacteriology,” which brought out a lively discussion on tetanus and anti-toxines. Dr. Annand’s report on “‘ Surgery’ came next, describing a new operation for the treatment of impervious urachus. Dr. Annand also discussed the treatment of indolent summer wounds, also the best method of overcoming spasmodic contcar- tion of the os uteri. Dr. Brimhal] next reported for the Committee of Infectious Diseases, stating there had been 1235 cases examined for gland- ers during the past year; 500 had been tested with mallein and 325 had been condemned and killed. There had been 9982 cattle tested for tuberculosis, of which 458 reacted and 315 had been killed. Hog cholera had not been prevalent. There had been go cases of actinomycosis reported, of which 20 were con- demned as not fit for food purposes. Black-leg existed in four counties. Hemorrhagic ‘septicemia had been reported from several counties. Dr. Reynolds next reorted for the Committee on Legisla- tion and Empirics. The doctor proposed a committee of three to take charge of the prosecution of quacks. On motion, a committee of three was appointed. ‘The committee appointed was: Drs. S. H. Ward, M. H. Reynolds, and J. S. Butler. SOCIETY MEETINGS. 89 The election of officers then took place, and resulted as fol- lows: . » President—Dr. C. C. Lyford, Minneapolis. First Vice-President—Dr. E. T.. Frank, Warren. Second Vice-President—Dr. J. P. Foster, Selby, South Dakota. Secretary and Treasurer—Dr. K. J. McKenzie, Northfield. Trustees—Drs. J. W. Cook, H. C. Peters and M. H. Rey- nolds. On motion, a committee of three was appointed to draw up resolutions expressing our sympathies and feelings towards Dr. Youngberg and also regarding the death of Dr. Huidekoper. The committee appointed was; Drs. Brimhall, Frank and Price. The following were then presented and adopted : Resolved, That we the members of the M.S. V. M. Asso- ciation, learn with sincere gratification of the markedly im- proved condition and hope for a speedy recovery of our esteemed colleague, Dr. A. Youngberg, of Lake Park, Minn. Resolved, That a copy of the above be spread upon our minutes, and that a copy of the same be sent to Dr. Youngberg by our Secretary. (Signed) Dr. E. T. FRANK, Dr. R. PRICE, Dr. S. D. BRIMHALI.. WHEREAS, The M. S. V. M. Association learns with regret the decease of our most eminent and esteemed colleague, Dr. Rush Shippen Huidekoper, we feel that in his death the veteri- nary profession has lost a most brilliant and untiring worker. Therefore, be it Resolved, That we hereby express our appreciation of his unselfish life. work for his profession and our sorrow at his death. (Signed) Dr. S. D. BRIMHALL, Dre Bets PRANK, Dr. R. PRICE. Adjournment for supper was taken. After supper the members met at the State Experimental Station, where several cases were exhibited that had been oper- ated upon at previous meetings, among which were two cases of capped hock that had been operated upon two years previous ; they had proved quite a success. Drs. Reynolds and Peters operated for the repulsion of a fourth molar, performing Wil- liams’ operation, removing the outer plate of the alveolus. Dr. Lyford exhibited several cases sent over from his infirmary in Minneapolis. 90 SOCIETY MEETINGS. Thursday forenoon was spent at the Bacteriological Labora- tory of the State University, where the members were enter- tained by Dr. Westbrook, the bacteriologist, and Dr. S. D. Brimhall. The members’ visit to the Laboratory proved a profitable as well as an enjoyable forenoon. Thursday afternoon the meeting was again called to order at the Merchants’ Hotel, where the following paper was read, ‘* Clinical Notes on Contagious Pneumonia,” by Dr. S. H. Ward. The doctor reported 30 cases in one outbreak, of which number eight died. Autopsies were held and specimens sent to Dr. Westbrook, of the Bacteriological Laboratory, who confirmed the diagnosis. Dr. Ward’s paper was quite lengthy and brought out a lively discussion. Dr. Peters read his paper on ‘‘ Verminous Aneurism of the Mesenteric Artery the Starting Point of a Fatal Septiceemia.” This paper was original and proved Dr. Peters to be a student along the bacteriological line. Dr. L.. Hay next read his paper on “ Eserine, its Uses and Abuses.” This paper brought out a spirited discussion on the uses of eserine and on colics in general. Dr. Lyford read a paper on “ Bursal Enlargements,” exhibit- ing photographs of cases before and after being operated upon. This was a paper that had been read before the A. V. M. A., and was presented before our association at the request of quite a number of the members interested in Dr. Lyford’s radical surgery. : On motion, this association guaranteed a fund of $500 to help entertain the A. V. M. Association, providing their next meeting was held in Minneapolis. On motion, the President was empowered to appoint a com- mittee of as many as he deemed necessary to help in entertain- ing the American Association. On motion, a Press Committee was created consisting of three, to look after the press work of the society. The follow- ing constitute the committee as appointed: Drs. M. H. Rey- nolds, S. H. Ward and K. J. McKenzie. At this juncture Dr. S. D. Brimhall read a communication from a clerk of the court, located in New York, regarding the qualifications of a Dr. Schmead, now lecturing with the Minne- sota State Farmers’ Institute. On motion the following was added to our by-laws, Article X, Code of Ethics, as embodied in the by-laws of the A. M. V. A., embracing also that it shall be considered a breach of ethics for SOCIETY MEETINGS, 91 any member of thts association to reveal to any one not a mem- ber of this association particular or specific treatment practiced by a member of this association for the encouragement and help of each other. At this juncture President Lyford appointed the following committees : Colleges—Dr. H. C. Peters. Infectious Diseases—Dr. J. G. Annand, Bacteriology—Dr. S. D. Brimhall. Surgery—Dr. L. Hay. Medicines—Dr. R. Price. Legislation—Dr. S. H. Ward, Dr. M. H. Reynolds, Dr. J. S. Butler. Finances—Dr. W. Amos. Resolutions—Dr. S. J). Brimhall, Dr. E. T. Frank, Dr. Richard Price. Press Committee—Dr. M. H. Reynolds, Dr. S. H. Ward, Dr. K. J. McKenzie. The next meeting of our State Association with the Ameri- can Association was discussed quite freely, no formal action be- ing taken, but the opinion was freely expressed that it would be desirable to hold a very short business meeting, probably on the Monday afternoon preceding the meeting of the A. V. M. A., adjourning the summer meeting from July 1 to Septem- ber 1, accordingly. Dr. Reynolds urged the members of the State Association to assist him in building up a veterinary museum that would bea credit to the State, urging particularly that material should be selected with a view of teaching value and not as mere curiosi- ties, each donor to be given full credit on the descriptive label or placard. Dr. Reynolds also suggested the advisability of having the regular meetings reported and thought this could be arranged for without great expense. The following resolution in regard to Dr. Schmead, veterinar- ian to the State Farmers Institute corps, was introduced by the Resolution Committee, previously instructed to do so: WHEREAS, One known as Dr. Clarence B. Schmead is pos- ing in the State as a qualified veterinarian, and is known as the State Farmers’ Institute Veterinarian ; and WHEREAS, We learn from reliable sources that he is not a gtadvate of any regular recognized authorized veterinary col- lege ; therefore, be it Resolved, That this association protest against his appearing 92 SOCIETY MEETINGS. under the title of ‘‘ Doctor of Veterinary Medicine” or any other title, or be recognized in any way which will carry the impression that he is a qualified veterinarian. (Signed) S. D. BRIMHALL, E. T. FRANK, RICHARD PRICE. The resolution was adopted, and the Secretary instructed to present the same to the Board of Control of the State Farmers’ Institute and also to Superintendent Gregg, of Lynd, Minn. Dr. Price presented in writing a motion to change the date of the annual meeting from the second Tuesday to the Thurs- day following the second Tuesday in January. The question arose as to the validity of this action, but it was decided to call for a vote upon Dr. Price’s motion to change the date of the meeting. The motion being duly seconded was carried unani- mously. K. J. MCKENZIE, Sec. and Treas. CALIFORNIA STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSO- CIATION. The annual meeting was held in the parlors of the Grand Hotel, San Francisco, Dec. 11, 1901, and was called to order by President James Sullivan. The following members responded to roll-call: Drs. Spen- cer, Sr., Sullivan, Megowan, Pierce, Jackson, Hogarty, Egan, Dalziel and Blemer. Il7sztors.——DeVoe, Prof. Ward, Fisher, Boomer, Keefer, Somers, McCarty, McLain, Creely, Urey, In- spector Lyman Wilson, and Supervisor G. H. Whitworth, of Merced County. Unfinished Business.—-The application of Dr. James Sum- merfield, of Santa Rosa, came up, and the question of his having a State certificate was waived. ‘The Board of Examiners sub- mitted a favorable report signed by Drs. Spencer, Pierce and Megowan ; Dr. Summerfield was duly elected a member of the association. The Report of Secretary and Treasurer was tread and ap- proved. A vote of thanks was tendered to Dr. Blemer. Dr. Blemer read a paper on the importance of building up the association ; spoke of the important sanitary work to be ac- complished by the veterinarians of California, requested the as- sistance of the association, suggested the burial of past griev- ances, actual and imaginary, call every man’s record clean, start. him in anew, and help keep him in the straight and narrow path. SOCIETY MEETINGS. 93 Dr. Pierce substantiated Dr. Blemer, acknowledging the rut into which the association had fallen, expressed the belief that this could and would be remedied, says Californians generally have a purpose in view, and it should be so with this associa- tion, and that purpose be to obtain and keep the membership of every veterinarian in the State. Dr. Blemer explained the State live stock sanitary laws, ete. Dr. Spencer, Sr., upheld Drs. Pierce and Blemer, and made an eloquent plea for the association, approves dropping all feel- ing toward all “ black ” veterinarians, should resolve ourselves to attend nieetings. Dr. Megowan complimented the attendance of present meet- ing and hopes to have thei all with us at the next meeting. Prof. Ward spoke of his experiences in the East and of the importance in building up this association. Short but thoroughly interesting speeches were made by Drs. Fisher, Creely, Boomer, Keefer, Somers, DeVoe, McCarty, McLain. Supervisor Whitworth spoke of the work their county has in hand, and trusts to eradicate infectious and contagious dis- eases from their county. Inspector Wilson spoke in a very interesting manner of his work, and regretted that he was not a veterinarian instead of an | ordinary cowman. Dr. Dalziel, editor of the long felt want, Zhe California florseman, told one of his irresistible funny stories, and was given the ‘“ ha-ha.” Applications for Membership :—Drs. J. B. Boomer, A. J. Seeoc J. Creely, C. W. Fisher, Prof. A. R. Ward, James ‘Somers, John McCarty, Wm. C. McLean, C. F. McCarty, and Gales H. Uri. Dr. Pierce moved tosuspend the rules. Seconded by Dr Blemer. Dr. Megowan offered a resolution to amend the by-laws in the matter of changing the Secretary’s salary from $25.co to $5; initiation fee to $2, and the yearly dues to $3. Carried. Dr. Blemer moved that members owing back dues be re- instated, and dues paid to Jan. 1, 1902, upon payment of two dollars. Applications for membership were referred to the Board of Examiners, which body requested all visitors present except Dr. Creely to retire to the ante-room. Dr. Creely was thoroughly 94 SOCIETY MEETINGS. questioned by those remaining as to the character of his veteri- nary college, its present and proposed course, ete. Dr. Creely answered all questions in a satisfactory manner, assured the association that he was and would continue to do all in his power to promote and advance the profession, and requested that the association’s Board of Examiners submit his senior students to an examination before they came before the college faculty for final examinations. After lengthy discussion it was agreed to accept graduates of Dr. Creely’s college into the association. Election of Officers. —The following officers were duly elected for the ensuing year : President—Dr. Wm. F. Egan, San Francisco. Vice-President—Dr. J. B. Boomer, San Francisco. Secretary—Dr. C. H. Blemer, Sacramento. Treasurer—Dr. F. E. Pierce, Oakland. Examiners—Drs. H. A. Spencer, San José; C. L. Megowan, Sacramento; E. J. Creely, San Francisco; A. R. Ward, Berk- ley ; and C. W. Fisher, San Mateo. A vote of thanks was given to the retiring President, Dr. Sullivan, who responded in kind and relinquished the chair to Dr. Egan. Dr. Dalziel, Secretary of the Golden Gate Driving Associa- tion, extended an invitation to the association to hold their next meeting in the rooms of the Driving Association in the Palace Hotel. Motion to.adjourn was made and seconded. Adjourned. CHARLES H. BLEMER, D. V. S., Secretary. “WISCONSIN SOCIETY OF VETERINARY GRADUATES, The semi-annual meeting was held at the Kirby House, Milwaukee, September roth, and was called to order by the President, Dr. C. E. Evans, at 7.30 P. M., with the following members present; Drs. S. J. Beattie, J. F. Roub)) (ia mond, H. A. Arpke, E. L. Morgenroth, H. F. Beker Clarke, W. G. Clark, J. T. Pfeitfer, A. H. Hartwig, C. EH. Evans, S. S. Snyder, W. S. Powell, R. H: Harrison; E. Di Raber Chas. Koehne, J. T. Hernsheim, H. Caldwell, A. J-Neisomea J. Wilkinson, S. J. Collins, L. N. Jargo, G. Ed. Leech, andik, R. Flack. Visitors: J. A. McGarry, C. E. Brown, Adolph Hich- horn, Wm. Fotheringham, and C. J. Huenink. The minutes of the last meeting were read and approved. SOCIETY MEETINGS. 95 The President appointed Dr. C. H. Armond on the Press Committee in place of Dr. Cochrane, who had removed from the State. Dr. Beattie reported on behalf of the Committee on legal Practitioners the receipt of complaints against sixteen illegal practitioners, and that copies of the State veterinary law and no- tices had been sent them. The question of the prosecution of il- legal practitioners was then discussed by Drs. Leech, Powell, Hart- wig and Beattie. It was moved by Dr. Leech that the society make a test case of one of the violations of the law, and, if nec- essary, assess each member from $5 to $15 to pay the ex- penses of the same. The motion was duly seconded, and, after discussion by Drs. Armond, Hartwig, Harrison, Eckert, Collins and Roub, was carried by a rising vote of 13 to 4. Dr. A. H. Hartwig reported a case of intestinal calculus. This was located in the great colon just anterior to the floating colon. ‘The calculus contained seventy nuclei. Dr. J. F. Roub reported a case of peritoneal abscess * and described the manner of diagnosis, operation and treatment. On motion, a vote of thanks was tendered Drs. Hartwig and Roub. Dr. E. D. Roberts, State Veterinarian, reported an outbreak of disease among cattle in the northwestern part of the State, somewhat resembling anthrax. Several herds were vaccinated with anthrax vaccine, but the results were not satisfactory. About 200 deaths had occurred as a result of the outbreak. Dr. H. L. Russell made a bacteriological examination of the blood and tissues, and discovered a bacillus which he termed the da- cillus hemorrhagica septicemia. Discussed by Drs. Roub, Brown, Eichhorn, Collins, Harrison, Leech, Hernsheim, and Hartwig. On motion, the discussion was closed. Applications for membership were then taken up and the following were received: Drs. J. A. McGarry (C. V. C.), Mil- waukee, and C. J. Huenink (C. V. C.), Cedar Grove. The cen- sors reporting favorably, they were elected to membership by an unanimous vote. The applications of Drs. Wm. Fothering- ham and Adolph Eichhorn were received for honorary member- ship, they being stationed at Milwaukee by the Bureau of Ani- mal Industry. Moved and seconded that they be elected. Carried. The gentlemen were declared elected to honorary membership. * Will be published in an early number of the REVIEW. 96 SOCIETY MEETINGS: Announcement of the clinics at Dr. Leech’s hospital at 8.30 the next morning was made. On motion, the society ad- journed to meet in Madison subject to the call of the-President and Secretary. The society met Wednesday morning at Dr. Leech’s hos- pital, and Dr. Adolph Eichhorn performed double neurectomy for the relief of bone spavin. The patient was cast with the English hobbles, and Drs. Leech and Hartwig assisted in ad- ministering the chloroform. The operation was very quickly and skillfully performed by Dr. Eichhorn. W. G. CLARK, Secretary. THE VETERINARY ASSOCIATION OF MANITOBA. This association held its twelfth annual meeting in the city of Winnipeg, February roth. The President, Mr. W. A. Dun- bar, occupied the chair, and the following members were pres- ent: W. H. Smith, Carman; W. R. Taylor, Portage la Prairie ; W. J. Hinman, Winnipeg;.H. F. Whaley, Glenboro; G. W. Harrison, Cypress ; J. McGillivray, Manitou; W. S. Henderson, Carberry ; W. Swenerton, Carberry; J. J. Irwine, Stonewall ; J. G. Cruikshank, Deloraine; J. Golley, Treherne; C. D. Mc- Gilvray, Binscarth ; J. Welch, Roland; S. A. Cox, Brandon; J. A. Stevenson, Carman; W. E. Martin, Winnipeg; A. M. Ljiv- ingstone, Melita; M. Whimster, Hamiota; W. A. Hilliard, Min- nedosa; R. D. Scurfield, Crystal City ; W. A. Dunbar, F. Tor- rance, H. D. Smith, C. Little, Winnipeg; D. D. Reid, Hartney, and as visitors Drs. Simpson, Yorkton, and Sankey, Waskada. The President opened the meeting with a few words of wel- eome to the members and visitors and then read an interesting and instructive address upon the progress of veterinary science. A letter from the Secretary of the Winnipeg Humane Soci- ety was read, asking the views of the association upon the over- head check. After a full discussion of the subject, it was moved by W. A. Dunbar, seconded by Mr. J. A. Stevenson, ‘“‘ That this association, while deploring the fact that some cruelty is in- flicted upon horses by excessively high checking with the over- head check, and anxious to do all in its power to mitigate the evil, also admits that the said check can be used without inflict- ing pain, and in some cases, such as kickers and hard-pullers, 1s absolutely necessary for their control and the safety of their driv- ers, and the Secretary is hereby instructed to reply to the Hu- mane Society in the terms of this resolution.”? Carried. SOCIETY MEETINGS. 97 The Resident Secretary of the A. V. M. A. called the atten- tion of the members to the fact that the next meeting of that association would be held in Minneapolis during the first week in September. Reduced fares would be obtainable from the railways, and all who went could depend upon having a profit- able and enjoyable visit. He hopeda large number would take the opportunity. The Secretary-Treasurer read his annual report, showing a membership of seventy-five and a surplus in the treasury of some four hundred dollars. The examiners reported that during the year four candidates presented themselves for examination, of which two were suc- cessful, Mr. C. D. McGilvray, of Binscarth, and Mr. R. D.Scur- field, of Crystal City, both graduates of the McKillip Veterinary College, of Chicago. The election of officers for the ensuing year resulted as fol- lows : President—S. A. Coxe, Brandon. Vice-President—A. M. Livingstone, Melita. Secretary-Treasurer and Registrar—F. Torrance, Winnipeg. Examiners—W. A. Dunbar, W. R. Taylor and F. Torrance. Other members of Council—W. S. Henderson and W. Swen- erton, Carberry. Auditors—C. Little, W. E. Martin. The association passed unanimously the following resolu- tion congratulating Dr. Rutherford upon his recent appoint- ment: ““ Resolved, ‘That this association rejoices in the elevation of one of its members to the most important post in the Dominion open to the veterinary profession, that of Chief Veterinary In- spector to the Department of Agriculture, aud wishes to place on record its appreciation of Dr. Rutherford’s work as a founder of this association and as one of its most active members, and hereby tenders him its heartiest congratulations and wishes him every success in his new sphere.” The association also by unanimous vote elected Dr. Ruther- ford as Honorary Associate. A resolution was passed to memorialize the Dominion Govy- ernment to appropriate a sum of money for the investigation of the disease of horses commonly known as ‘“‘ Swamp Fever,” which is continuing to cause great losses in parts of Manitoba and the North West Territories. Dr. W. A. Hilliard read a paper upon an interesting surgical 98 NEWS AND ITEMS. case occurring in his practice. An animated discussion followed in which the subject of the mallein test was also brought up and some interesting experiences related. In the hope of inducing the presentation of a larger num- ber of papers at the next meeting the following resolution was passed : Moved by W. A. Dunbar, seconded by J. A. Stevenson, That three prizes to consist of books or instruments be offered for competition for the best essays or reports of cases presented at the annual meeting, competition limited to members who have never read a paper before the association. The meeting to de- cide on the merits of the papers. Carried. After the usual votes of thanks to the retiring President, the essayist and the City Council, the meeting adjourned. The semi-annual meeting will be held in Brandon in July. F, TORRANCE, Secretary. AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. President J. F. Winchester has appointed the following Committee on Local Arrangements for the Minneapolis meet- ine: Dr. C..C. Lyford (chairman), Drs. S. D: Brimhallyiee Reynolds, J. S. Annand, J. S. Butler, J. N. Gould, A. Young- berg, S. H. Ward, and K. J. McKenzie. The local committee has met and organized, forming several sub-committee, each of which are actively at work preparing to make the meeting for 1902 memorable, both in the value and pleasure of attending, also in numbers present. This committee has sent delegates to State meetings held in adjacent territory, and are stimulating a renewed and larger interest in the National Association. NEWS AND ITEMS. THE alumni banquet of the New York-American Veterinary College was held at the Hotel Marlborough, New York, April 1. Dr. G. E. GRIFFIN’S article, ‘‘ Molasses as a Food for Army Horses,” published in the February REVIEW, was reprinted in the Veterinary Journal (London) for March. : Drs. JAMES A. WAUGH, of Pittsburgh, Pa., and William J. Waugh, of Washington, Pa., celebrated the anniversary of their twenty years’ practice on March 31. NEWS AND ITEMS. 99 Drs. E. M. NIGHBERT and Z. Veldhius entered the Meat Inspection Service in the Bureau of Animal Industry at Kan- sas City, March 14th. Dr. H. L. RAMAccIOTTI, of Omaha, Neb., is the proud father of twin boys. At this writing the boys and their mother are doing well. “IT WISH to compliment your successful effort in making the REVIEW the peer of any veterinary periodical published in the world.”—(W. /. Siringer., D. V. S., Watseka, Il.) “CANNOT GET ALONG WITHOUT THE REVIEW. Hope you are getting many new subscribers.”,—(4. £. Lambert, V.S., New Windsor, Mad.) PRESIDENT LOWE’S recent address at Lakewood on “ Prog- ress in Veterinary Medicine in its Relation to Public Health,” has been well received in medical circles. ‘The Wedical Record ‘in its issue of February Ist gives space to the entire address. Drs. J. M. LAWRENCE, F. M. Starr and F. W. Weston of the graduating class of the Kansas City Veterinary College, entered the U. S. Army, Quartermaster’s Department, as veter- inarians for service in the Philippines, and sailed from San Francisco March rsth. “Your monthly publication has proven a valuable boon to the practitioners and students of veterinary science. I have been a reader of the REvIEw for nineteen years, and I hope I will be able to continue to receive and read it.”—(/ames M. Reed, Mattoon, 11.) Dr. M. EK. KNOWLES, State Veterinarian of Montana, visited Kansas City on his way to and return from Fort Worth, where he attended a cattlemen’s convention. ‘The doctor expressed himself as favorably impressed with the veterinary outlook in the Central West. Dr. ADOLPH EICHHORN, of the Bureau of Animal Industry, located at Milwaukee, Wis., whoso ably presides over “German Review ” for this publication, contemplates paying a visit to Europe in June, and promises to spend a few days in calling upon his New York friends. Dr. JOHN S. ANDERSON, Seward, Neb., who had been con- sidered by his old-time friends as a confirmed bachelor, sur- prised them all by beconiing a benedict March 3d, upon which date he joined in life partnership with Miss Myrtle Boyes, of Seward, Neb. ‘The wedding tour included a week’s sojourn in Kansas City. A host of veterinary friends congratulate the doctor upon his happy alliance, 100 NEWS AND ITEMS. : ON March 15th Governor A. B. Cummins, of Iowa, ap- pointed Dr. P. O. Koto, of Forest City, Ia., as State Veterina- rian, to succeed Dr. J. I. Gibson, of Denison. Dr. Koto has been in practice for quite a number of years and has also been in the drug business. He was a member of the State Legisla- ture during 1900-01. Last year he served as President of the Iowa State Veterinary Medical Association. VETERINARIAN WILLIAM HERBERT LOWE has been elected a member of the Board of Managers of the Paterson General Hospital and appointed a member of the House and Grounds Committee of that large and important institution for the allevi- ation of human suffering. We are pleased that the people of the city of Paterson have seen fit to place Dr. Lowe in a posi- tion where his knowledge of comparative medicine may be di- rectly applied to the benefit of mankind. THE Famous ‘COLORADO INSPECTION Case” has been won by the State in the Supreme Court of Colorado and will now go to the United States Supreme Court for final adjudica- tion. It will be remembered that in order to get the matter fairly tested Ed. Reid refused to pay State inspection fees on stock to which the Federal inspectors had already given a clean bill of health, whereon he was arrested under the State law, tried and sentenced to go to jail. The case was then appealed to the Colorado Supreme Court, which has now decided in favor of the State. Had the decision been in favor of Reid the mat- ter would have been settled only as far as Colorado is concerned, but when the United States Supreme Court gets through with it the decision will apply to all States equally. ANIMALS AS DoctTors.—Every animal doctors itself, says McCall’s Magazine. -Dogs and cats, when not feeling well, eat medicai plants, the dog selecting spear grass and the cat show- ing preference for valerian. They vary this treatment with an occasional dose of ashes or cinders, just as the crocodile, lizard and some birds swallow gravel and stones. The elephant uses its trunk cleverly in dressing wounds, and by this means ap- plies water, dust or mud to the injury. Sir Samuel Baker, the famous big game hunter, saw an elephant plaster up a bullet wound with mud and frequently observed the readiness with which small sores were attended to. Fierce, carnivorous ani- mals, when trapped, often act as surgeons and bite through a limb to free themselves. Rabbits, when wounded, burrow into the ground and lie so that the wound touches the raw earth. AT the annual meeting of the New Jersey State Board of NEWS AND ITEMS. 101 Agriculture recently held in Trenton, the following resolution was unanimously adopted: ‘That the State Board of Agri- culture recognizing the necessity and value of competent vet- erinary service to live stock owners, agricultural interests and the preservation of public health, do heartily approve and en- _ dorse the movement for the establishment of a State Board of . Veterinary Medical Examiners to regulate the practice of vet- erinary medicine and surgery in the State of New Jersey.” Dr. LOWE’s GREAT Loss.— The accompanying photo was taken a couple of days after the great fire in Paterson, and rep- sents the front view of Dr. Wm. Herbert Lowe’s model infirm- ary, which, as will be observed, is total- ly destroyed. The assesssed valuation of the property was $15,000, upon which there was $10,000 insurance, which was promptly paid. This does not by any means represent the. doctor’s loss, since his extensive library of scientific works, which he had been collecting all of his pro- fessional life, along with an extensive case of surgical instru- ments, drugs, and paraphernalia, were a total and irreparable loss. His new ambulance, which cost $1000, was gotten out and stored in a nearby stable, but during the succeeding flood was greatly damaged. While money can easily replace much of the loss, there are many things gone which cannot be substi- tuted, while the inconvenience and strain upon the nerves can readily be imagined. We know that his professional brethren everywhere extend to Dr. Lowe their fullest sympathy, for he writes the REVIEW asking it to thank them sincerely for their many kind expressions, which, owing to overwhelming circum- stances, he cannot find the time to personally respond to. Asa mitigating event the doctor greatly appreciates the confidence of his fellow citizens of Paterson, who, while in the midst of his great loss, reélected him to the position of City Veteri- narian. PUBLISHERS’ DEPARTMENT. Subscription price, $3 per annum, invariably in advance; foreign countries, $3.60; students while attending college, $2; single copies, 25 cents. Rejected manuscripts will not be returned unless postage is forwarded. Subscribers are earnestly requested to notify the Business Manager immediately upon changing their address. Alex. Eger, 34 East Van Buren St., Chicago, Ill., Veterinary Publisher and dealer in Veterinary Instruments, Books, and Drugs, ts the authorized agent for the REVIEW in Chicago and the Middle West, and will receive subscriptions and advertisements at publishers’ rates. . Ca a ES a ee eee eee ——————— eee eee REVIEW readers will be pleased to find on page 1 (ad. dept.), of this issue, the name of one of the most widely known veterinary instrument houses in America, ‘‘ Haussmann and Dunn Co.,’’ and it will be particu- larly gratifying to our large circle of friends in Chicago, to find this representative instrument house of their city, show its appreciation of their much loved veterinary magazine, by lending it the support it de- serves from every firm who supply goods to the veterinary profession, by using it as an advertising medium: and we trust that the veteri- narians will demonstrate their pleasure and gratification, by a hearty re- turn of fhezr support. The Revere Rubber Company’s Air-Cushion Rubber Horse Shoe Pad, needs no ‘“‘ puff; ’’ ‘‘it fills with air at each step.’’ The Abbott Alkaloidal Company, the father of Alkalometry in Vet- erinary Practice, have done much toward placing the practice of medi- cine in animals and man on the same plane, and to broaden the possi- bilities of veterinarians in canine practice. The Buntin Drug Company still continue to add to their already ex- cellent list of soluble hypodermic tablets, prepared expressly for the use of the veterinary practitioner. Atkins & Durbrow, of 160 Pearl Street, New York, continue to sup- ply veterinarians with their celebrated intestinal tonic, ‘‘Red Ball Brand Stock Food,’’ and they receive the most flattering testimonials from those who employ it regularly in their practices. A slight error in the advertisement of the ‘‘ Combination ’’ Veteri- nary Dental and Surgical Halter, in the March REviEw by the accidental insertion of the two extra words ‘‘instead of.’’ was very misleading, as the nose-band (in the description of which the error occurred), is heavily padded, and covered with the softest of leather. ‘The corrected ad. ap- pears opposite page r (ad. dept.) of this issue. REVIEWS WANTED. The publishers will pay 25 cents each for copies of the April, 1901, issue. Address, Robert W. Ellis, D. V. S., Bus, Mgr., 509 W. 152d Street, New York, * The WII Bat Vi co AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW. MAY, 1902. All communications for publication or in reference thereto should be addressed to Prof, Roscoe R. Bell, Seventh Ave. & Union St., Borough of Brooklyn, New York City. EDITORIAL. EUROPEAN CHRONICLES. “WHITE ScouR” AND LuNG DiIsEasE.—I have already called the attention of our readers to these diseases and recorded the interesting investigations that Prof. Nocard has had the opportunity to make in Ireland, assisted by a commission ap- pointed by the Board of Agriculture. The results have been most wonderful, and again the supe- tiority of the learned bacteriologist has found the opportunity to make itself known, adding to his previous laurels one of no less shining brilliancy. Indeed, as Prof. Mettam remarks on his Report to the Department of Agriculture ; to the discover- ies already made in relation to tuberculosis and glanders; to the results that may be obtained by repeated injections of mal- lein in animals suffering with that disease ; to those resulting from his investigations of contagious abortion, which caused him to discover its microbic origin and permitted him to pre- pare a successful preventive treatmant ; to his researches which allowed him to discover the true bacillus of contagious pleuro- pneumonia, a discovery which had long baffled experienced bac- teriologists in all parts of the world; and now to all this Prof. Nocard has added the discovery of the disease which is so fatal to newly-born calves, the ‘‘ White Scour’ and the Lung Disease. The results of his researches, aided as he has been by the assistants officially appointed by the Irish Department of Agri- culture, are resumed in brief as follows: The two diseases, in 103 104 EDITORIAL. spite of the difference in seat and symptoms, are one and the same disease : this is caused by a specific microbe or pasteurella, which Nocard identifies with the microbe which in horses produces pseudo-farcinous lymphangitis, and in sheep adenitis and case- ous broncho-pneumonia; it is by the umbilicus or navel cord, and at the moment of parturition, that the germs of the malady enter; prophylactic treatment of the umbilical infection will succeed in stamping out Lung Disease as well as “ White Scour.” And in his report, Prof. Mettam adds: ‘Prof. Nocard has placed the agriculturists, not only of Ireland, but of the entire world, under obligations by the most successful issue of his ad- mirably conducted series of experiments and investigations.” I have already told you in the REVIEW of parts of the work carried on in relation to those diseases, and related the treat- ment which had been decided upon. From the report of Prof. Mettam, I find short statistics of the results obtained by that treatment. ‘The mortality has dropped down to 30 per cent., while previous to it, it had been much higher—35 calves dying out of 36 born, 41 out of 46, 60 out of 70, 90 out of 100. And it is claimed that in that mortality of 30 per cent. there are evidently deaths which would not have occurred had the treat- ment been carried out to the letter, which was not always the case. In the meanwhile, when the experiments were going on, at- tempts were also made to finda suitable therapeutic treatment, principally for those suffering with Lung Disease. A serum treatment was then tested with a few calves, the results of which are so far very incomplete and probably not sufficient to draw con- clusions from, yet they are encouraging when the disease is at- tacked early, as when it is advanced and the lesions in the lungs are serious, very little effect can be expected. For those of our friends who may desire more information I will refer them to Bulletin No. 1 of the Report of Prof. Mettam to the Department of Agriculture for Ireland at Dublin. * *k * GLUCOSURY IN RABIES.—When one takes into consideration EDITORIAL. 105 the difficulty in which he is placed in making a positive diag- nosis of rabies when in the presence of the cadaver of an animal which has succumbed or been killed because of suspicious symptoms, every thing which may enlighten him will always be resorted to, if it can add to his conclusions. On that ac- count the researches which have been made by two teachers of the Veterinary School of Lyon are deserving great attention. Indeed, M. M. Rabiscaux and Nicolas have worked in that direction, and it is to the presence of sugar in the urine that they have turned their attention. In various epochs, the existence of sugar in the urine of mad dogs-has been proved. Nocard among the first remarked that the presence of glucosury offers a certain interest to the point of view of the fost-mortem diagnosis of rabies, and that if it had not a positive value, it at least increased the probabilities of the disease being present. Later on, Porcher, also of the Lyon School, found glucose in the urine of rabid goats, and Gibier has recorded the same discovery in the REVIEW. The existence of sugar in the urine of some rabid subjects being proved, it became imperative to make the urological ex- amination of the greatest possible number of animals affected with natural or experimental rabies to find out if glucosury was a constant and an early symptom, and if by that it could become a useful element of Jost-mortem diagnosis of rabies. The researches for sugar were made simultaneously, and with the object-of controlling it, whenever the quantity of urine collected allowed it, with the reaction of Fehling, and in util- izing the propriety that phenylhydrozine has to give with glu- cose when treated by heat in an acetic medium, a crystalized compound, phenylglucosazone, which appears under the micro- scope with a typical aspect. The total of their investigations embraces the examination of the urine of 138 cases, taken among carnivorous, herbivor- ous, and omnivorous animals, the last being that of a woman affected with hydrophobia. 106 EDITORIAL. From these, important conclusions are recorded as follows: For carnivorous, the constancy of glucosury can be consid- ered as an element of diagnosis, affirming the probabilities ris- ing from the history of the case and the lesions found ; by itself, taking into consideration the frequency of its presence, it even constitutes a suspicion of the disease. Although not absolutely constant, its apparition being sometimes slow, failure in discov- ering it cannot allow the practitioner to eliminate rabies. For herbivorous, the presence of glucosury has specially a real diagnostic value, although it may be observed sometimes in other affections than rabies—parturient fever, for instance. The importance of this symptom does not derive its value from its constancy only when animals have died from rabies, but also from the want of characteristics in the lesions observed when information is wanting. Practitioners, in the presence of a cadaver have now another way to make out a diagnosis in obscure cases. K * n ARYTENOIDECTOMY.—There can be no more doubt that this operation has made sufficiently its proofs to be admitted into general practice. The results obtained by the many oper- ators all over the world speak in its favor. But, of course, it is of arytenoidectomy as for all other operations. It has its advo- cates, and also its adversaries. Some consider it as a panacea for all roarers; others think that it is successful only in excep- tions. Both of these opinions are exaggerated, and there exists certainly a just average, which can be well appreciated by the opinion of Prof. Cadiot when he says: ‘The proof is made, over and over again, arytenoidectomy allows many roaring horses, which we condemned to be tracheotomized, to render much service and do various kinds of work.” This is evidently the proper way to consider the indications for the operation. A great objection has been made, and a serious question has been asked : Why do roaring horses which have been operated upon become roarers after the operation? Explanations of this are quite numerous ; extension of the paralytic process to the EDITORIAL. 107 posterior crico-arytenoideus muscle of the right side, abnormal cicatricial retraction, producing stenosis of the glottis, chronic laryngitis, general chondritis of all the cartilages of the larynx, etc. But there is another, says Prof. Hendrickx, which is a more or less marked contraction of the entrance of the trachea, and which may occur frequently, and for him results from the transversal section which is made of the tracheal rings—be it the first three, as in the modes of Stockfleth and Gunther, or two, as in the method of Moller, or even one, as in the operation of Cadiot. To remedy this annoying contraction Professor Hendrickx, in the Annals de Belgique, describes his modus operandi, with modifications of the methods in use, and which consists in in- cising the crico-arytenoid membrane, the cricoid cartilage ana the crico-trachelian ligament. There are also some little changes of less importance; for instance, instead of the tracheal tampon canula of Moller, he resorts to tracheotomy on the upper third of the trachea; uses a tampon of wadding dipped in Van Switen solution and wrapped in gauze, which he pushes into the trachea ; removes the cartilage, but is careful to have a small lamella close to the crico-arytenoid joint; no suture is applied on the laryngeal muquese. When the cartilage is re- moved the tampon of wadding is drawn into the larynx to con- trol the hemorrhage and the thread that holds it is secured with the suture that is made to close the external muscular wound. According to this modus operandi, which Prof. Hendrickx has succeeded in executing in ten minutes, cicatrization of the wound goes on rapidly; in three weeks the animal can resume work and has one chance less of becoming again a roarer. * * E Latterly, while perusing some of our exchanges inquiring for subjects which would interest our readers, and permit me to deserve a little my claim of European chronicler, my atten- tion was called to a concise article in the journal published by one of the French veterinary schools, which sent my thoughts 108 EDITORIAL. flying back to New York, to the United States, and made me ask, I wonder if our veterinary schools in America would do that? The article was written by one of the professors, the one who occupies the chair of bovine pathology, and consisted into a call that he addressed to all the practitioners within reason- able distance of his place of teaching, for clinical material. As a foot note to the record of an interesting case, he said: “JT would be thankful to those of my colleagues having in their practice animals affected with serious diseases, that for some reason or another owners would not care to have treated, to send them to me.” How professional this case is! how it indicates the desire on the part of its author to gain for his class, for his students, all kinds of opportunities to perfect themselves. He adds: “They will be treated gratuitously, no matter how long the treatment ; their traveling expenses to come and return shall be paid; if they are incurable the school will buy them for opera- tive exercises, etc.” Yes, this brought me back to New York, to years past, when clinical material was sometimes hard, very hard, to obtain, and I asked myself if the same condition exists to-day ; I hope not, but if it does, why should I not send my American readers, who may perhaps be in the same perplexity, where I have been, the indicator, by which they can remedy their troubles. Veterin- arians of America are no less lovers of their profession than Europeans ; they are just as ready to help their future young confrerés ; 1 am quite sure they would, in the various States, when they are close to veterinary schools, be too willing to furnish the clinical material that those might demand. I do not know if one professor has ever tried it to-day, but I am quite certain that if it was attempted it would bring lots of im- portant material for knowledge, observation and instruction, far superior in quality as weil as quantity even to the free clinics that were years ago resorted to. vated f EDITORIAL. 109 EBFORTS' WORTHY OF SUCCESS. We have for a number of years followed with admiration the course of the Maine State Veterinary Medical Association ; although having a membership of but a handful of veterinari- ans, the meetings have been held with a regularity that few larger societies could boast of. Scattered over the State, at points far distant, the devoted members with persistent regular- ity drop their private affairs and journey to the place designated, and, if for any reason attendance in person is impossible, a let- ter of regret acts as a proxy, and usually is full of cheering words to those who have gathered together for the annual or quarterly meeting. Seldom have they met and failed to lis- ten to some paper of interest and value, and on each occasion they discuss means of advancing the interests of their beloved profession, while at almost every session of the legislature a committee of this association importunes it for a law to regulate the practice of veterinary medicine. Each year they are doomed to disappointment ; but, nothing daunted, they are back at the next session, a little more earnestly, slightly more insistent than in the preceding year. In the present number of the REVIEW, the committee reports its absolute failure to make any impres- sion upon the legislative solons, and in the next breath rallies the members to a renewed effort, and a larger, stronger commit- tee is appointed to carry on the fight at the next session. Such heroic efforts to elevate a calling cannot fail in the end to be productive of success, and we extend our congratula- tions, trusting that this noble band may soon place their State in the column with those that have won their laurels, of which the most recent and best example is New Jersey. THE MINNEAPOLIS MEETING. The veterinarians of Minneapolis are allowing no stone to be unturned to insure a successful meeting of the American Veterinary Medical Association in their city next September. The local Committee of Arrangements has divided itself into sub-committees to take charge of the different sections of the pro- 110 EDITORIAL. gramme; they have visited various neighboring association meetings to enlist their interest, to insure a full attendance of the veterinarians of the Northwest, and to secure their codpera- tion in making the educational programme so enticing as to invite the presence of those from different sections of the conti- nent. Further, they are urging the men of that territory to associate themselves with the national organization as members, thus strengthening both the association and the profession of that region. From what we know of the local committee, and from all we can gather through a somewhat voluminous corre- spondence, a safe prediction is that the Minneapolis convention is to be the banner meeting of the A. V. M. A. IN the June REVIEW will be published the first installment of a series of articles entitled ‘‘ The Living and the Dead: Rem- iniscences of the Veterinary Practitioners of Forty Years Ago.” Fresh from the pen of one of the most conspicuous members of the profession of those days, whose acquaintance was national, these papers cannot fail to be both accurate and interesting. While the history of veterinary education in America has been written in numerous articles, read before associaton meetings or contributed to the veterinary medical press, no attempt has ever been made to depict the Jervsonnel of the early days of the pro- fession, and thus the reminiscent contribution of this historian will be gladly welcomed. THE rumor was persistently heard in Boston on the occa- sion of our recent visit to the Hub that Harvard will reopen her veterinary school when the new buildings for the medical department are completed. Messrs. Rockefeller and Morgan have endowed the university with four or five millions of dol- lars, with which wonderful modern buildings and appliances for the School of Medicine will be created, and the general be- lief is that she will revive her veterinary department upon a firmer enduring basis than in former days. TROPICAL ULCERS OF THE HORSE. tat Sree A ARTICLES. TROPICAL ULCERS OF THE HORSE. By OLoF SCHWARZKOPF, VETERINARIAN (IST CLASS) 3D U. S. Cav- ALRY, ViGANeYP. I: One of the tropical diseases from which our American horses are afflicted in the Philippine Islands is an ulcerative skin dis- ease to which the name of “tropical ulcers” has been applied at present. It is most probable that this skin disease has been known to army veterinarians who have been serving in tropical climates before us; at least I remember the description of a dis- ease called “‘ African farcy”? in an English veterinary journal, which seems similar to, or may be identical with, our tropical ulcers in the Philippines. However, being without any veterin- ary literature whatever, I am unable to verify this statement at the present time, but abstain from giving a technical term to a disease which in all probability has been named before. Symptoms.— Tropical ulcers” appear soon after the rainy season has set in and gradually disappear after its closure. The favored seat of the ulcers is the inner surface of the lower re- gion of the hind legs, but occasionally they appear as high up as the inner surface of the hock or thigh. They are seldom no- ticed until well formed, but if a horse already affected is watched, the development of new ulcers can be readily observed. The primary lesion consists of the formation of a papule of about the size of a ten-cent piece, which is superficial, involving merely the epidermis, and bursts within a day or two, discharg- ing a serous fluid. If the papule is opened and the contents collected in a glass tube, they appear as a clear, amber-colored fluid. After bursting the epidermis collapses, becomes necrotic and sloughs, exposing a round-shaped, suppurating ulcer of the size of a ten-cent piece, the edges of which are markedly well defined. In ordinary cases the number of ulcers does not ex- ceed from two to six, and they remain confined to the region of the fetlock. 112 OLOF SCHWARZKOPF. Aggravated cases of “tropical ulcers” are exceptional. If seen in full development they present a clinical picture which is quite dissimilar to the ordinary cases. The number of ulcers is greatly in excess of the average, representing fifty, sixty, or more, covering both the inner and outer surface of the hind leg clear up to the stifle. Isolated ulcers may appear on the abdo- men, some on the breast, and in one case they were observed on the nose of a horse. In these cases many ulcers become conflu- ent, forming irregular-shaped ulcerations of the size of a dollar or larger. Yet, even in severe cases, the ulcers remain princi- pally confined to one hind leg, which becomes gradually en- larged by an even, doughy swelling which is painful to touch. If such cases finally heal, the horse remains permanently disa- bled by an enlarged Jeg resembling elephantiasis. The American horse is the animal which suffers most from tropical ulcers. American mules are rarely afflicted and no severe case has been observed amongst them. The native pony, too, is seldom seen with tropical ulcers, and if so, does not seem to mind the sores. No ulcers have been observed on oxen and caraboas. Differential Diagnosts.—The severe cases of tropical ulcers resemble farcy. Such a case is illustrated by the accompanying photograph which was taken in the morning before the sores were dressed, and shows the suppurative discharge from about twenty ulcers covering the inner leg, in dirty, yellowish streaks running down the leg. A competent veterinarian can have no difficulty in making a correct diagnosis, because the ulcers are of even size, well opened and round, do not involve the derma and do not follow the lymphatic vessels. The characteristic farcy buds are, therefore, absent. But the layman considers it a case of farcy at sight, and officers in charge of horses have repeatedly reported so, asking for permission to destroy the animal. FEtrology.—It is obvious that there exists a relationship be- tween the tropical ulcers and the rainy season, because no ul- cers have been observed in the dry season, and as soon as this commences new cases cease to appear and those under treatment TROPICAL ULCERS OF THE HORSE. 113 heal rapidly. There is no doubt, also, that the specific cause of these tropical ulcers must be a gerin, but it is not one easily to be determined. In the twenty microscopical examinations which I have made so far of the contents of papules from differ- ent horses, I have not succeeded in finding a specific germ, while the surface of the ulcer abounds in pus-cocci of different varieties. Although these few examinations have given nega- tive results, it must be understood that no facilities are provided the army veterinarian to do such work, while our army medical colleagues are heralding their secondary discoveries in veterinary medicine with fat headlines in Manila papers and by circulars from Headquarters, with recommendations at once unnecessary and ludicrous because utterly impracticable. Therapy.—The treatment of the ordinary cases of tropical ulcers is simple and effective. The daily cleaning with water 114 OLOF SCHWARZKOPF. and soap, the disinfection with some antiseptic lotion and cover- ing with absorbent cotton and bandages brings about a ready cure. Of the antiseptics carbolic acid is the last to be chosen because irritating, while creolin (Pearson) has given the most gratifying results. This and absorbent cotton were liberally furnished during the campaign by the medical supply depot, with which the veterinarian has no relation in time of peace. Next to creolin the white lotion is to be recommended, while ointments of any kind are absolutely to be discarded as the process of suppuration seems to be rather helped along by their use in the tropics. The treatment of aggravated cases presents a more serious problem. If the whole leg is attacked by tropical ulcers, it is always considerably swollen and painful, and as can be imagined it is next to impossible to keep it wrapped up in cotton and bandages from the restlessness of the horse. If this is not done the ulcers gradually get beyond control, and blood poison sets in with fatal result. In those cases which are finally cured, after months of treatment, the leg remains permanently en- larged, dotted with star-like scars which become easily sore again, thereby preventing any use of the horse, so that he has to be condemned as unfit for service. From the facts. so gathered it has become evident to us that all depends upon an early and correct treatment of the tropical ulcers, to heal them, so to say, in their first stage of develop- ment. This is not always attainable in an army in the field, because the demand for horses is great, they are kept marching constantly, and the utter absence of proper veterinary equip- ments for actual warfare does the rest. ‘‘] HAVE been a subscriber to the REVIEW through a news agent of this place for one year, beginning with the first of Vol. XXV, and I do not see why I ever went so long without it, as I have been practicing veterinary medicine and surgery for 18 years ; itsurely is a valuable visitor, and I will never be without it as long as I am able to pay forit. I have had some rare cases in my practice, which I will try to describe some time when I have time for the REVIEW.”—(Z. 7. Lews, Gallatin, Tenn.) RABIES. 115 RABIES. By D. E. BAUGHMAN, M. D. C., Fort DonGcE, IA. Read before the 14th Annual Meeting of the Iowa State Veterinary Medical Association, Feb, II and 12, 1902, At the earnest request of the President and Secretary I have endeavored to prepare a paper on rabies, a disease that has in- terested me the past season, and I hope I will be successful in interesting other members of the association. There has, perhaps, never been a time when it was more important than at the present for the veterinary profession to have a clear appreciation of the subject of rabies in animals and man. There was a time in the period of the profession’s existence when there was excuse for differences of opinion in regard to this disease. It was a time when we depended solely upon clin- ical observation of accidental cases, and when the conclusions were founded upon imperfect evidence. But that time is past. To-day we have a science resting upon an experimental basis. Facts and conclusions have been established just as rigorously and as solidly as in other departments of medical science. As members of a learned profession it is our duty to know what has been accomplished by scientific investigators of rabies, and particularly is this duty incumbent upon those who attempt to teach other members of the profession or the laity as to the facts in the case. We have reached a point where the intelli- gence and scientific knowledge of the veterinary profession are liable to be unjustly questioned because of a few mistakes of misguided individuals who persist in reiterating beliefs which were never held by a majority of the profession and were dis- carded and disproved years ago. It appears to the writer simply astounding that there are educated men, much less ph:sicians and veterinarians, who will still doubt the contagiousness of this disease, which was known and described in ancient times, and which for a century has been the subject of experimental inves- tigation by very able men who have occupied their minds with pathological questions. Nevertheless, it is a fact that the sani- 116 D. E. BAUGHMAN. tarian of to-day who tries to control rabies meets the same kind of argument which was used to embarrass his profession centu- ries ago. ‘These arguments are most industriously circulated by the so-called humane societies, which oppose all conclusions based upon experiments with animals and which imagine that they are doing a great work for dogs and cats by casting dis- credit upon science, even though by so doing they perpetuate this terrible disease, of which dogs and cats are the principal victims. Aristotle described rabies 400 B. C., and indicated its trans- missibility in these terms: ‘Dogs suffer from hydrophobia, which provokes in them a state of madness ; all animals bitten by dogs affected become rabid in the end.” From that time to the present we have clear accounts of the disease existing through every age and provoking horror and fear in many cen- turies. It was always said to be caused by the bite of an ani- mal, which animal was generally alleged to be rabid. It was almost universally described as fatal in man and animal. Aristotle admitted that the disease was fatal to dogs and every other creature which they bite, except man. This early mistake in regard to immunity of man has been handed across the centuries and is still repeated on every hand by those who oppose measures for the prevention of the disease. It may be freely admitted; therefore, that there have probably been many, at all ages who have doubted the existence of the disease, both in mankind and in animal, that numerous articles and books have been written to prove that the disease called rabies is not contagious, and that the supposed rabies of man is lyssophobia, a nervous affection brought on by fear and excitement. The medical profession as a whole, however, always recog- nized the existence of such a disease as rabies in man and the veterinary profession has from its foundation recognized its existence, and the contagiousness of the disease. Its schools from the earliest to the latest have constantly taught this doctrine and the present text-books are all unanimous on the subject. The doubts raised from time to time concerning rabies and RABIES. TAT its characteristics have been met by scientific experiments. Zinka, in 1804, announced that he had inoculated a dog, a rabbit, and a cock with saliva from a rabid dog, taking the saliva with a brush from the animal soon after its death and spreading it over superficial wounds of the inoculated animals. The dog was inoculated on an anterior limb and showed pro- dromic symptoms on the 8th day and was rabid on the gth. The rabbit was rabid on the 14th day and cock on the 11th day. This experiment, early in the 18th century, proved that the disease of the dog, called rabies, was communicable by in- oculation to the dog, the rabbit, and the fowl. It proved it to be a specific disease, and that the virus existed in the saliva. Reifershield, in 1813, records an experiment in which several dogs were inoculated, part with fluid and part with dried saliva from a rabid dog. ‘These became affected with rabies after 8 to 10 days. Bendt, in 1822, inoculated four wethers with saliva from the mouth of an ox which had died of rabies. All of these sheep. contracted the disease, the period of inoculation being from twenty-two to thirty-one days. In Hertwig’s experiments, he produced rabies by inoculation in 37 per cent. of cases. Renault produced it in 67 per cent. Haubner gives an average of 40 per cent. of cases in rabies which was contracted through bites. Bollinger states ‘that in man infection occurs in from 8 per cent. to 47 per cent. of bites. Pasteur says the proportion varies from 16 per cent. to 80 per cent. When cauterization is not performed, it reaches 83 per cent. Bouley found that go per cent. suffered after bites on the face ; 63 per cent. after bites on the hands; 24 per cent. after bites on the arms ; 77 per cent. after bites on the legs ; and 63 per cent. after bites on the body. The susceptibility of sheep is known to be slightest, as the teeth of the biting animal are likely to be cleaned on the wool. Much, however, depends upon the stage of the disease, and the abundance and virulence of the virus in the saliva, as well as upon the susceptibility of the subject. Some animals are insusceptibile, either naturally 118 D. E. BAUGHMAN. or by reason of their having been previously subjected to the action of the virus. Yet, under a full virulent dose, nearly all succumb. The theory that rabies kills more animals in sum- iner than in winter has been weakened by statistics. Burrell has shown, according to the record of cases of rabies in his in- firmary from 1859 to 1872, that they were not more frequent in summer than in winter. ‘Three hundred and fourteen cases of rabies of the dog observed at the Alfort school during the years of 1887 to 1890 are divided as follows: January, February and March 130 cases; April, May and June 60 cases; July, August and September 50 cases; October, November and December 47 cases. Bouley records a greater number of cases in December, January and February than in any other three months of the year. The real explanation of the greater prevalence in the spring and summer is found in the fact that bitches rut in the spring and a number of the candidates for their favors bite each other fatally. This is aggravated by the fact that the genera- tive instincts are stimulated in the early stages of rabies. This further explains the predominance of rabies in males. The irritable rabid dog antagonizes his male competitors and re- spects the female object of their common desire. ‘There is, of course, only one cause of the disease, namely, inoculation from an animal suffering from the disease, although excitement will hasten the eruption in the inoculated animal. It may be assumed that the virulent principle which causes the disease is an organic germ, but so far all attempts to isolate and cultivate it in pure culture have resulted in failure and the microbe cannot yet be certainly identified. “Rabies agrees with all other germ diseases, in that it de- velops only after inoculation, in that one attack usually fortifies the system against a second, and that in Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, St. Helena, South Africa, and West Africa, from which mad dogs are excluded, it has never appeared, while in Buenos Ayres, Hong Kong and Malta, where they have been allowed freedom, it has become prevalent. What has never oc- curred in the past never need to be looked for in the future. RABIES. 119 Cases in which infection is denied because the dog was shut up will be explained by a more thorough investigation. Rabid dogs will leap high fences to reach supposed enemies, and rabid rats and other vermin enter through small holes. Rabies, like most microbian diseases, is at first confined to the region of the bite and the tissues there alone are infected. When fully developed the infection is resident in the blood and all vascular tissues, yet the usual source of infection is through the bronchial mucus and the saliva, both of which are especially virulent and are naturally implanted by the teeth. This viru- lence is not confined to carnivora, but has been experimentally demonstrated in omnivora and herbivora. Various cases of in- fection from mai to man are on record. Drying of saliva or blood, apart from heat or putrefaction, does not destroy its viru- lence. The knives fouled on rabid animals have been used for successful inoculation months and years later. Among other methods of infection, besides the bite, may be named the lick- ing of sores by a dog in the early stages of rabies and the occu- pation of kennels or stalls that have previously harbored rabid animals. Rabies has been known to attack a second pack of hounds after the first pack had been killed out because of the disease. In one case a man was infected by using his teeth to untie a knot in a rope that had been used to tie a mad dog. Infection in man has been caused by a bite from a dog that had been previously fighting a rabid dog, and again from the scratch of a cat that had been licking its claws. In some cases of in- cipient rabies in dogs the saliva has been virulent before any outward symptoms were shown. Hence, all dogs, however sound in appearance, should be objects of suspicion in an in- fected district. The anatomical alterations found in autopsies upon rabid animals are neither constant nor specific. Rabies is especially characterized by the absence of important organic lesions. There is emaciation, mucus about the eyes, mouth, nostrils and prepuce; staring coat; venous congestion; the tongue has a dirty brown fur ; in the dog foreign bodies, such as straw, hair, 120 D. E. BAUGHMAN, pieces of wood and clothing, may be found in the mouth and pharynx ; the stomach is congested and contracted ; it contains little or no food, but a mixture of foreign bodies, and indigest- ible substances which are highly characteristic of the disease. Wortley Axe in a total of 200 autopsies has found in 180 cases, or go per cent., absence of food, and the presence of indigest- ible foreign bodies in the stomach. For him, this latter fact is the most important from a diagnostic standpoint. Post-mortem diagnosis can be established with certainty only by inoculation, but when at the autopsy of a dog which has manifested ag- gressive tendencies during the last period of life, or which has bitten animals or people, we recognize the ordinary symptoms of rabies, especially the presence of foreign bodies in the stomach, we must, without hesitation, affirm the case to be rabies and proceed accordingly. Babes describes changes in the nerve cells with cloudiness of the protoplasm. These have been especially noticed in con- nection with the motor centres in the medulla oblongata, but also in the gray matter of the cerebrum. The nerve trunks, too, may be the seat of congestion, and the fibres undergo a granular degeneration. The lesions to be especially relied on in the dog are the con- gestion of the fauces and throat ; the congested, infiltrated, or ulcerated state-of the stomach; the absence of food ; the pres- ence of foreign bodies ; some congestion of the small intestines ; empty, or nearly empty, bladder; mucus or muco-purulent se- cretion oozing from various openings ; congestion of superficial veins; congestion of the brain and meninges. ‘These with the history of the cases are usually sufficient to identify the disease. It should be added, however, that in the paralytic or lethargic form in the dog there may be an entire absence of foreign bod- ies in the stomach. Of the 17 cases in the dog that I have met with in my prac- tice in the last year, most of them were of the paralytic form. Seven out of the 17 cases have been of the furious form. Ten of the animals were either known to have been bitten or had been RABIES. 121 exposed to rabid dogs. ‘The remainder were not exposed to the disease to the knowledge of the owners, yet it is possible that they were, not having been confined and having had access to the street at will. The period of incubation varies greatly. In inoculation with potent virus or street virus upon the brain, it is six days. In other parts of the body it varies from 16 to 240 days, with an average of 25 days. Rabies appears under two clinical forms, which are desig- nated by the expression of furious rabies and mute rabies. For- merly these two forms were considered two distinct diseases, but this view has been abandoned long ago. According to Pasteur furious rabies occurs when the brain is invaded by the rabid virus, and mute when it reaches the spinal cord first. His claim is that we may produce the former experimentally by directly depositing the virus on the surface of the brain, the latter by injecting it into subcutaneous connect- ive tissue. I rather doubt the correctness of this assertion, as I am inclined to think that only a very small per cent. of dogs are bitten on the face compared to. the number bitten on other parts of the body. While in man the per cent. of bites on the face is very small, the majority of cases of rabies in men are of the furious form. By depositing the virus directly on the brain, it produces a. disease within a very short period of incubation, which possibly accounts for the activity of the symptoms ex- cited by this form of inoculation. The prevention of rabies can be accomplished in cities and towns only by passing ordinances and compelling owners to muzzle their dogs when the outbreak occurs in a community. The animal should wear an efficient muzzle, as rabies is propa- gated in nature only by biting. Such a regulation, if strictly enforced, would stop the transmission of the disease, and soon lead to its disappearance. As the disease is just as prevalent in winter as in summer, the dogs should be muzzled the year round, until the disease has made its entire disappearance. However, this is at once opposed by aclass of citizens holding it to be crueland unnecessary. 122 D. E. BAUGHMAN. Some muzzles are unquestionably cruel, but a properly made muzzle is not cruel, nor does it greatly inconvenience the dog after he has become accustomed to it. A certain kind of muz- zle should be prescribed by the authorities. It should be one which covers the mouth with a wire cage so as to prevent bit- ing, but which does not interfere with the movements of the mouth and the ingestion of liquids. There are many who claim that the dogs do not wear the muzzle at home and that when they develop rabies and escape it is always when they are not muzzled. Admitting this argument to be true, nevertheless it is a fact that if all dogs were required to be muzzled when in public, the appearance of a dog without a muzzle would at once attract attention, leading persons to avoid it and causing its early seizure by the authorities. Children might be taught to fear unmuzzled dogs and to keep at a distance. The results which have been attained by muzzles justify the enforcement of a muzzling ordinance whenever there is an outbreak. In Ber- lin, where a rigorous muzzle law was enforced, the disease was entirely eradicated. Also, in Great Britain the muzzle has been adopted with great success. The treatment of the bite should receive first attention. If possible, the wound should be cauterized by actual cautery. If not, chloride of zinc, bichloride of mercury, caustic potash, sil- ver nitrate, or sulphate of copper or iron should be used Care should be taken to apply it thoroughly to all recesses of the wound. If mineral acids or other liquid caustics are employed, they may be delivered into the minute recesses through a pi- pette or a plug of cotton wound around a stick or with a syringe. A delay of several hours or days is no warrant for omitting cau- terization, for in man it has always a good moral effect in pre- venting hydrophobia, and it is also possible that the poison may remain for some time in the region of the sore. Senn’s advice is to excise the adjacent tissue. This may be followed, but not to the exclusion of a thorough disinfection, When a person has been bitten by a dog with symptoms of rabies, the dog should not be killed, but should be chained in a RABIES. i 123 place where it will have no chance to do harm to any one. There it should be kept until the disease has had a chance to thoroughly develop. If it dies from rabies, and the bite has not had the necessary treatment, the bitten person should at once take the now famous Pasteur cure. The Pasteur Institute at Chicago has been established eleven years, in which time 1262 patients have been treated. Of these only seven have died, making a death rate of less than one-half of 1 percent. Asa remedial agent for the bitten the Pasteur treatment is unques- tionably effective, as is shown by the great per cent. of cures. DISCUSSION. Dr. Lyford related a case of rabies in a horse. The horse was bitten by a dog on the nose and later on the hind limb while being driven through the street by his owner. The offending dog was killed. On the 20th day the horse was re- ported by the owner to be actingstrangely. Dr. Lyford visited him, found him acting violently and showing a great tendency to bite every one except his owner, who could handle him with- out difficulty. A diagnosis of rabies was made and the owner instructed to tie him with achain. The next day the horse was much worse and the tendency to bite was much more de- veloped. The stall bore marks of the animal’s teeth and his mouth was injured and bleeding. A broom was held out to the horse and he grasped it in his teeth and shook it as a dog would shake a rat, then lay down and rolled upon his back still holding the broom firmly in his jaws. The horse was killed, and the head sent to the University of Minnesota. Three rab- bits were inoculated subdurally and in due course of time de- veloped rabies. | Dr. Repp described the microscopic changes detailed by Van Gehuchten and Nelis in Europe and later by Ravenel and Mc- Carthy in this country. - Dr. Brimhall reported a case in his experience in which it was proven by successive rabbit inoculations that the milk of a cow suffering from rabies was virulent and capable of produc- ing rabies. 124 : CHARLES F. DAWSON, A FATAL CASE OF INDUCED TEXAS-FEVER. By Dr. CHARLES F. DAWSON, PROFESSOR OF VETERINARY SCIENCE, FLORIDA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. It is a fact well known to bacteriologists that animals may be made susceptible to bacterial diseases from which they are ordinarily immune. Chickens are immune from anthrax, but Pasteur was able to remove this immunity by immersing them in cold water. Infections may be rendered more acute when complicated with the presence of another micro-organism, or with the product of other microbes, and some chemicals. The Streptococcus erystpelatis may lose its pathogenicity from artifi- cial cultivation and fail to kill rabbits when inoculated into them. Its pathogenic properties may be regained, however, if the rabbit is injected at the same time with the products of Bacillus prodigiosus. ‘The same is true of quite a number of micro-organisms. Thus, double infections in tuberculosis run a more rapid course. In some diseases, for instance, in a double infection of anthrax and erysipelas the animals may not die of anthrax, which is ordinarily fatal, but frequently does die of erysipelas, which under other conditions might have been harm- less. This shows that while the products of erysipelas antago- nize those of anthrax, the toxin of anthrax increases the toxicity of the erysipelas toxin. ‘The introduction simultaneously of certain substances into the tissues along with microbes fre- quently increase their pathogenicity to a very marked degree. For instance, the addition of an organic acid, lactic, or acetic, for example, to cultures of B. anthracis symptomatict increases its virulence. It is well known that scrub cattle are much more refractory to this organism than graded and blooded cat- tle. In fact, it is difficult to cause a fatal infection of black-leg in scrub cattle. In every instance I have been able to produce a rapidly fatal infection in scrub cattle with cultures, or dried spores of the bacillus of symptomatic anthrax, by the simul- taneous injection of an insoluble material, such as sterile plaster of Paris, fine sand, or ground glass. ‘These results can be ex- INDUCED TEXAS-FEVER. 125 _ plained upon the theory of the devitalizing action upon the tissues of the insoluble substances injected. Bruising the tis- sues at the point of inoculation also is known to aid infection. Surgical operations, such as dehorning and castrating at the time of vaccination, are advised against by the manufacturers of black-leg vaccine. Vaccination produces a mild, non-fatal type of black-leg which frequently takes on extra virulence and ends fatally when the above operations are performed at the time of vaccinating. This very interesting case, bearing upon the foregoing state- ments, recently occurred in my practice. It is known positively that most southern cattle are permanently infected with the Texas fever parasite—the Pyrosoma bigeminum of Smith. They, therefore, may be said to be somewhat in the condition of an animal vaccinated against blackleg, z. e., they have the dis- ease in a clinically unnoticeable form. The animal was a na- tive work-steer, about five years old, in rather poor condition, but apparently healthy. It and two others of the same age and some yearlings had been purchased for fattening, and it was deemed advisable to dehorn them. The operation was per- formed by the owner with shears without any precaution as to surgical cleanliness. Ten days after I was called to treat the animals. I found the three five-year-olds all apparently sick, one being almost too weak to stand. The temperature was only 99.5. There was considerable nasal catarrh and lachrymation. I removed a foul-smelling plug of raw cotton from the horn stump. ‘There was considerable pus in the cavity, and I picked out several spicules of bone, driven there by the crushing action of the shears. The lining membrane was much reddened and bled easily. The cavity was cleansed, dusted with an antisep- tic powder, closed with medicated cotton soaked in tar, and capped with another layer of cotton. The nose was washed out with a warm solution of normal sodium chloride and boracic ‘acid, and the animal given a stimulant hypodermically. As bloating had already occurred, the rumen was tapped, thus re- lieving the heart and lungs, and an antacid was administered. 126 CHARLES F. DAWSON. Late in the afternoon I was called again, and found the animal dead. A post-mortem examination was made the next day. There were evidences in all organs of a high blood pressure, and a perfect picture of Texas fever. The heart had the usual blood extravasations in its substance, as had also the pericar- dium. The liver was yellowish from bile stasis. The intestine and kidneys were reddened. ‘The spleen was much enlarged and contained the dark tarry pulp always found in the disease. Cover-glass preparations made from the blood and various or- gans showed the intracorpuscular parasite of Texas fever. There was no ticks on the animals. The other two adult steers seem to have recovered, while the yearlings did not exhibit signs of disease. I regard the case one of induced Texas fever. In an animal of this age dehorning, while generally considered a minor oper- ation, is one of considerable importance, and undoubtedly makes a serious impression upon the animal economy. More especi- ally, if the animal be a little below par as regards condition, or if a catarrh of the frontal senuses result from the operation, one should not, in the light of existing knowledge uponthe subject, be surprised that latent diseases or infections take on new life. Additional cause for the lighting up of the latent Texas fever in these cases was the change from a poor diet toa highly nutri- tious one, consisting of cassava, velvet beans and shorts. It has been shown that if southern animals be plunged into insecticidal solutions to rid them of ticks, and then be shipped long distances under adverse conditions, a considerable percent- age of them will develop their latent Texas fever into a fatal form of the disease. GLANDERS has broken out in the stables of the Street Clean- ing Department of Brooklyn, and the Board of Health recently destroyed fourteen, and placed nineteen suspects under quaran- tine. ‘Your paper is better than ever, and we a// should try and: keep the standard up and improve. ‘ Nothing succeeds like suc- cess.’ Now let us help make 1902 better than 1901." —(W.. &. French, D. V. S., Daytona, Fla.) ABORTION IN COWS. 127 -ABORTION IN COWS. By PETER MALCOLM, V. S., NEw HAmpron, IA. Read before the 14th Annual Meeting of the Iowa State Veterinary Medical Association, Feb. I1 and 12, 1902. This question is one of great importance to the veterinarian as well as to the breeder of cattle. Abortion, using the general meaning of the term, is the expulsion of the fcetus before it is viable. The common causes’of abortion in cows are external injuries, such as one animal butting another, squeezing through narrow places, slipping and falling, kicks from vicious attendants; in fact, any injury to the abdomen may produce it. Causes of a more obscure nature are internal, such as an abnormal or dis- eased condition of the uterus; inflammation of the bowels, kid- neys, bladder or lungs; indigestion in the acute or chronic form; evolution of gas in the intestines sufficient to cause irri- tation to the uterus or interfere with its circulation ; diarrhcea, whether caused by irritant food or reckless use of purgatives. The presence of a calculus in the kidney, ureter, bladder or urethra may cause a sympathetic disorder of the uterus and ex- pulsion of its contents. Irritant poisons that act on the urin- ary and generative organs, such as cantharides, savin, tansy, ergot, smut, and various fungi that are found in decomposing vegetable matter. Another cause, and one of great importance, is bad ventilation or any like condition which interferes with the normal oxidation of the blood. The importance of keeping pregnant animals in well ventilated stables can be seen ata glance when you take into consideration the condition of their blood which contains an excess of water and a smaller propor- tion of albumen and red corpuscles. This condition, aggra- vated by bad ventilation, decomposed animal and vegetable mat- ter, poor food and stagnant water, is almost sure to result in ~ abortion. The dam with all her diseases and the accidents that may be forced upon her is not the sole cause of abortion. To the 128 PETER MALCOLM. sire a great deal of this trouble is due, and this should not be lost sight of, as he plays a prominent part in the transmission of disease. In the first place, it is not reasonable to suppose that a sire that is overworked can produce strong and vigorous spermatozoa. When this weakened spermatozoon comes into contact with the ovum, the chemical constituent will be of a debilitated character, which will, if it develops, ultimately cause disease of the foetus or its envelope. Furthermore, this overworked sire is in a condition, on account of the weakened state of his generative organs, which furnishes a favorable field for the development of vigorous microbes, which, when the act of copulation is performed, are carried into the vagina. To- gether with the spermatozoa these germs enter the uterus and there develop, causing disease of the foetus or its envelope, which may bring about abortion, or, if not, will produce disease of the offspring. Another cause and one of great importance isinfection. In some instances its origin is obscure, but. the majority of out- breaks can be traced to neglected cases of simple or accidental abortion. In this form of abortion there is no longer a doubt as to the pathogenic agent, as science has proven beyond a doubt that it is due to a micro-organism. Such conditions exist and we are called upon to treat them. To do this successfully it is necessary to understand the character and pathological action of this organism. It is a pathogenic microbe developed in decom- posing animal or vegetable inatter. It enters the system by way of the respiratory or digestive tract, the vagina or any abrasion of the skin. Gaining access to the blood it causes putrefactive fermentation, which produces an irritation to the sympathetic system and death to the fcetus. The treatment of this disease, or more properly speaking this deuteropathy, requires tact and energy, as the condition and circumstances that favor its progress are numerous and of an obscure nature. Overlooking a seemingly trivial condition may lead to serious consequences. An essential point to be con- sidered in the preventive treatment is to see that the sire and ABORTION IN COWS. 129 dam are in a healthy condition before mating them. The sire should be kept away and not allowed to run with the cows, nor should he be allowed to have intercourse with a cow that has aborted for at least three months or more, and then should be allowed only one service. On no day should he serve more than ~ three cows. The cow that has aborted should not be bred un- til after the period at which she would have given birth natur- tally, for in the majority of cases, if an aborting cow become impregnated, she will abort when that period is reached. In the treatment of a herd for abortion, do not wait to see if it is going to take on the epizootic form, for delay is danger- ous. One neglected case, no matter what the cause is, may cause abortion to every cow in the herd. Therefore, it is very essential to remove the cows that have aborted, thoroughly dis- infect them, burn the placenta, destroy the foetus, and all other débris that may have become contaminated with the fluids and disinfect the stable. For disinfection I would advise carbolic acid, as my experience has taught me to believe that carbolic acid is not only a specific in the destruction of this particular microbe, but that it arrests the fermentative changes that favor its development. In using carbolic acid in cases of this nature, two things should be noted: first, that the inhalation of the fumes is necessary inasmuch as they arrest and destroy germs that may have gained access to the air passages ; second, that if used too freely it may cause an irritation to the respiratory organs sufficient to produce inflammation of the lungs. A safe formula and one of sufficient strength is one ounce of carbolic acid, one half ounce of glycerine and 16 ounces of warm water applied once a day for four or five days to the floor of the stable and to the rumps and tails of the cows. Internally give in drinking water once a day for three or four days about 4 drams of hypo- sulphite of soda. Again allow me to impress upon your mind that the microbes must gain access to the blood before they can do any harm. Also, that the injecting of the vagina is useless and that the irritation thus produced will cause abortion ; and 130 PETER MALCOLM. that the success in mastering this disease depends on the sani- tary conditions. DISCUSSION. Dr. Scott asked Dr. Malcolm if he has by his method ever been able to arrest the disease when once well established in a herd. Dr. Malcolm said that in one herd of 20 cows 19 aborted in one year. He treated the herd, and the owner got a new buli. The next year only a few aborted. In another herd of I5 cows 7 aborted in one year. He treated them, and, although three years have elapsed since, there have been no more abor- tions. He always has the stables disinfected when the cows are put in in the fall. A VALUABLE INVENTION.—For years the great mercantile houses have had no end of trouble in keeping up their horse establishments. The trouble arose out of overdriving of the horses chiefly, though many other things entered into the mat- ter. Many merchants have said time and again that they would like to keep more handsome horses and wagons, but it did not pay them, for they could not get drivers on whom they could rely. Now, in New York a perfect tab can be kept and is kept on every driver that goes out from several of the big houses. This is what is known as the ‘‘ speed and stop check.” It is about the size of a small alarm clock and is fastened after the manner of a cyclometer on the rear axle of the rig. On the dial are marked the hours of the day. One large hand goes around this just as in the ordinary clock. Another dial is ar- ranged so that the hand on it only goes when the wheel turns. As soon as the wagon stops that hand stops, and it does not go again until the motion is once more on. In the meantime the time hand keeps moving steadily along. The smaller dial also indicates every quarter mile traveled, marking it off automat- ically. ‘Thus, by comparing the reading of the two dials the stable boss, on the return of the wagon, can tell how many stops were made, at what rate the horse was driven in each quarter of a mile, and how long the wagon traveled between stops. In that way a driver’s trip sheet can be checked off to a nicety and the stable boss can tell just as well as the man who drove how the journey was made.—( Breeder's Gazette. ) BARIUM CHLORIDE IN VETERINARY PRACTICE, 131 BARIUM CHLORIDE IN VETERINARY PRACTICE. By J. C. CALLANDER, V. S., PARKERSBURG, W. VA. All the veterinary medical works that mention at all the above remedy as a curative agent, say so little about it, and - so advise against its use, that Iam a little timid in giving my Opinion in its favor; but?I am such an ardent admirér of the remedy that I cannot withhold a few words that I wish to say in its favor. Ten-grain tablets of barium chloride are always within my hypodermic case, and I no more think of going to see a case of colic or indigestion without it, than I would go without my hat. I know all about the bad results that have attended its use. I was there myself, and the horse was dead five minutes after I entered the barn, but that was before I knew how to use barium. In my hands it is far superior to eserine in the majority of cases, though I think there are cases where eserine will give bet- ter results, but such cases are greatly in the minority. As is, I think, the fact in ninety per cent. of all cases of colic or indi- gestion, the feed is the disturbing agency ; to evacuate the bowels is to relieve the trouble, whether it be gases or undigested food. This (a 1o-gr. dose of barium chloride) injected into the jugu- lar vein, will bring the desired results almost as quickly as I can tell you about it. I sometimes say to my client, that little insignificant dose is guaranteed to cause the bowels to act in five minutes. The first operation is usually inside of three minutes, and then perhaps ten evacuations in less than half an hour. Such results cause the owner to stand in open-mouth wonder. If there is much gas in the posterior bowels it will usually bring it away with a rush. Of course, I am exceed- ingly careful in using this drug and ascertain that the tempera- ture is not much above normal, and that the heart is reasonably strong. If the horse has been ailing for some time (say from 12 to 24 hours), I do not get as good results from it as I do when I see the patient early in the attack, but in the usual 132 J. C. CALLANDER. every-day cases, it gives me very happy results, and often allows me very much sooner to go home to my bed. I think I have gotten many a good hour’s sleep—thanks to barium chloride. My client has been better satisfied; more willing to pay my bill, and the poor horse has been saved a long spell of sickness and much pain. Of course, this is not all my treatment. I use the capsules ‘almost exclusively in the administration of drugs given by way of the mouth. ‘Turpentine is a very valuable remedy, and, like barium, has an advantage in the way of cheapness, which is very desirable. ‘I‘wo ounces of turpentine, to which I add nux vom- ica fld. ext. and capsicum. I usually throw down the old Bar- badoes aloes pill, quite a slow remedy in acute troubles, but it comes along behind and does its work a day or so later. _ I started out to tell of barium chloride, but think other rem- edies all right in their places. Where the stomach is overloaded with food or gas neither barium nor eserine are indicated. Eserine perhaps would in- ' tensify that condition in the stomach, and likely cause rupture of its walls. Barium would not be of any use, as its action is principally on the small and large intestines. All remedies fail sometimes, even when we think indications are good. I have r1o-gr. barium tablets. My hypodermic syringe just holds one drachm. I dissolve the tablets in a teaspoon, draw it into syringe, being very careful to exclude air, having my needles always as aseptic as possible; wet the surface over the vein with alcohol or creolin solution, raise the vein with my finger, insert needle quickly, and inject very slowly, giving fluid time to go into circulation by degrees. Since [ have used that procedure I have had no bad results. I have repeated the dose after half an hour with good results. In some cases there is evidence of considerable pain, but noth- ing to be compared with the shaking up that the system gets after an injection of eserine. Hoping that this little talk of mine may cause some that are not using barium to give it a trial, and if they are reasonably BARIUM CHLORIDE IN VETERINARY PRACTICE. 133 careful they will think much of the remedy. I should have added that in some cases you may miss the vein, but if you do the results will not be as good, and a hardened mass will appear at the point of injection, but this will absorb usually by using some iodine preparation. A CORRESPONDENT recommends ten-drop doses of pure car- bolic acid in half pint of water for indigestion in sheep, claiming that one dose will usually be sufficient, but can be repeated in doses of five drops. HORSESHOES. — Iron horseshoes permanently fixed to the hoofs were introduced in the fourth century of the Christian era. On the grassy plains of Asia and on the open ground else- where shoes were not needed; but the Romans soon found that their paved roads wore the hoof away and often lamed an ani- mal when his service was the most needed, says the Chicago News. ‘They could devise no better remedy, however, than leather soles and bags to protect the hoof, though there is rea- son to believe that they had an iron shoe which they put on and took off at pleasure. Some writers are of the opinion that the later Romans had learned to nail the shoe under the hoof ; but it seems possible that the crescent-shaped horseshoe of mod- ern times was first invented in some parts of Asia. FILIPINO BULL-FIGHTING.—Dr. G. H. Locke, serving in the United States army in the Philippines as, chief veterinary surgeon, makes some remarkable statements, in a letter just re- ceived, concerning the continued prevalence of bull fights. He declares that he witnessed a scene a few months ago which caused his hair to turn white. It was at a bull fight, Dr. Locke writes, and several natives were killed within an hour. Three were gored to death by the enraged bull, and the spectators ap- plauded the horrible spectacle. Three were killed by being thrown from their horses, each being dragged to death, his foot having caught in the stirrup. While the horse was dragging the unfortunate victim the band struck up a lively air. The last victim of the day was killed by an accident. One of the men threw a javelin at the bull, and it went over the beast and struck a man in the breast. A comrade came dashing by, and seeing the wounded man dismounted, drew a large revolver and beat him on the head until he was relieved by death. Dr. Locke says these exhibitions are given without the knowledge of the chief authorities.—(. Y. Herald, Apl. 6, 1902.) 134 REPORTS OF CASES. REPORTS OF CASES. ** Careful observation makes a skillful practitioner, but his skill dies with him. By re- cording his observations, he adds to the knowledge of his profession, and assists by his fact in building up the solid edifice of pathological science.”’ TYPHOID FEVER IN A HORSE.* By 1. U.;SHIPLey, D. V.S5/eheldony ta, The subject of this report was a bay gelding, 6 years old, weighing about 1100 lbs., that was bought by a dealer and put on feed to condition him for market. About a week or ten days later our attention was called to the case. The groom stated that he did not eat well. After a casual examination we concluded that it was a case of indigestion, and treated accord- ingly. However, his condition did not improve. By this time he had begun to show emaciation, eating sparingly of hay and grain at times, and at other times refusing grain entirely and drinking but little water. He was observed to yawn or gap, and to grind the teeth and assumed a position when standing similar to that of a horse about to urinate, seemingly desiring to tense the abdominal muscles. He had a tucked-up appear- ance of the flanks and was also restless when lying down. The feeces were of natural color, but soft and resembling the feeces of a cow in consistency. Loud borborygmi were constantly present ; the temperature ranged about 103°, the pulse about 72, but otherwise normal in character; respiration was normal ; visible mucous membranes presented some small petechial spots. Pressure over the abdominal region seemed to cause no percep- tible pain. The hair was sleek and glossy throughout the course of the disease. The csse remained about the same ex- cept a progressive emaciation, presenting the foregoing symp- toms with more or less intensity for some eight weeks, when the symptoms became more alarming and he died the following night. The next forenoon we made a post-mortem examination and found considerable wine-colored fluid in the abdominal} cavity ; the peritoneum presented a thickened, softened condition, show- ing peritonitis to have been the immediate cause of death. Upon removing the small intestines we found the mucous layer much tumefied, as though having been affected by a catarrhal * Read before the 14th Annual Meeting of the Iowa State Veterinary Medical Asso- ciation, Feb. rr awd 12, 1902. REPORTS OF CASES. iso inflammation for some time. Peyer’s and other lymph glands presented different stages of ulceration, with one or more dis- tinct perforations. The ulcers were distributed throughout the length of the small intestines and varied in size from that of the end of a lead pencil to one inch in diameter, many of them presenting a yellowish-brown scab or slough not yet thrown off. | All other digestive organs were normal in appearance. After having searched all the veterinary text-books at our command we sought some information upon this interesting case from works upon human pathology, and in their treatises on typhoid fever we found the following summary: ‘‘ An endemic, infectious fever associated with constant lesions of the lymph follicles of the intestines; first, hyperplasia followed by ulcera- tion of the solitary Peyer’s and other lymph glands due to the bacillus of Eberth.” The symptoms of the foregoing case: first, the continual presence of fever ; second, the peculiar looseness of the bowels ; third, the ulceration, perforation and consequent peritonitis are all characteristics of typhoid fever in man. Consequently the application of the title of this report. That the lesions were due to the bacillus of Eberth as in man we have no proof, hav- ing made no bacteriological search. DISCUSSION. Dr. Repp said that, inasmuch as eminent investigators are unanimous in the opinion that typhoid fever, as we know it in the human being, does not occur in the domestic animals, he could not adopt the opinion of the author of this report that this was a case of typhoid fever. OPEN JOINT.* By J. THOMSEN, V.S., Armstrong, Ia. About December 1, 1901, a well-bred Percheron mare had, ‘ by kicking over a barbed wire fence and becoming fast, received a wound in the anterior part of the tarsal joint. Considerable force had, been used by the animal in attempting to free itself until it was finally assisted by its owner. The wound was ina horizontal direction, not over one and one-half inches in length and seemingly not very deep. As there was no perceptible hemorrhage and the mare walked as well as ever when led to the barn, the matter was thought to be of minor importance. * Read before the 14th Annual Meeting of the Iowa State Veterinary Medical Asso- ciation, Feb, 11 and 12, 1902. 136 REPORTS OF CASES. Upon a neighbor’s advice a quantity of dry or air-slaked lime was pressed well into the wound daily. The mare was led a short distance to water twice a day and showed no discomfort whatever for the first four days following injury, but on the morning of the fifth day there wrs a change. She appeared much distressed, showed partial loss of appetite, and scarcely any weight could be carried on the affected limb. The owner, living at some distance from here, watched this condition for three days and then asked for my assistance. As soon as seen I considered the case quite hopeless. This opinion was due somewhat to previous experience, having seen a number of sim- ilar cases. I always had felt justified in advising their destruc tion, which as a rule would be carried into effect. There was a profuse flow of synovia from the opening slightly to the inside of the median line, but which on careful examination appeared to extend backwards and inwards, possi- bly under the lower border of the tendinous slip of the flexor metatarsi which attaches to the cuneiform bone. A portion of the anterior border of the large cuneiform was felt to be devoid of covering and very rough. ‘The animal was in standing pos- ture. The affected limb carried no weight whatever, but the most of the time was held a few inches off the floor and con- stantly moved backwards and forwards in a dangling maumer. She took but very little food, presented an anxious countenance, accelerated breathing, and a tucked-up abdomen. Circulation was considerably disturbed, with some elevation of temperature. The owner would not listen to my advice but insisted on some sort of treatment. A dose of morphia sulphate was given, and later several doses of antifebrin were given at regular. intervals. As to the wound treatment I knew of nothing effectual that I had ever employed, but having been impressed favorably with reports on the uses of the salt ‘of silver in similar conditions, I concluded to use it here. Silver citrate in solution of 1-125 was injected into the opening liberally. The exterior of the wound, which had at this time bulged out and become three or four times as wide as it was originally, was well sterilized and dusted over with an antiseptic powder, over which was placed absorbent cotton and a bandage, the latter applied loosely, yet well enough to keep the cotton in place. Slings were tried, but being objected to by the animala sort of frame was built around it, having two upright posts 2% feet apart immediately behind the animal ; a cross-piece well wound with cloth was placed between same ‘and about 3 feet or REPORTS OF CASES. 137 more from floor. The patient very soon discovered the comfort obtainable from this, for on the second day it rested for hours with its haunches pressed against the beam, finding great sup- port in the contrivance. The wound was dressed regularly every six hours as above described, thus requiring attention during the night. The synovial discharge became perceptibly — less on the third and fourth days, and on the seventh day had entirely ceased. The symptoms disappeared gradually and the appetite became excellent. An abscess now formed on the in- ner aspect of the joint. This was lanced and yielded very quickly to the same treatment. The at first greatly tumefied joint had now become much reduced except around the lower region, where the swelling remained very hot and quite hard. The limb could not at this time carry much weight. The wound healed completely, leaving but a trifling scar. After considera- ble bathing for several days a blister was applied over both sides of the joint. This seemed to afford considerable relief, as the animal could now commence to use its leg more, and at this date, Feb. 4, 1902, after a second application of a counter-irri- tant, appears to be making a good recovery. A COW CASE.* By G. P. Starrer, V: S., M. D. V., Sioux City, Ia. I was called at nine A. M. to see a Jersey cow, seven years old, heavy milker when fresh, due to calve in two weeks. At last calving she gave birth totwins. The services of a veteri- narian were required to assist delivery, following which, accord- ing to the attendant’s story, she suffered a mild attack of par- turient apoplexy. The history of the present attack was that she had not been out of the stable for two weeks and had been fed on straw and corn fodder. The night previous she had not seemed well, had refused her feed, was very uneasy, and kept paddling with her hind feet, but finally laid down and seemed easy. I found her down, and if I had not known that she had not calved I would have at once said that it was an attack of parturient apoplexy. She was lying with her head in the flank, and on straightening the neck and releasing it it would return as before; eyes were dull, the mouth open and saliva dripping from it; breathing * Read before the 14th Annual Meeting of the Iowa State Veterinary Medical Asso- ciation, Feb. 11 and 12, 1902. 138 REPORTS OF CASES. suppressed, with occasional moaning; nothing had passed from the bowels or bladder since the previous day ; there was almost complete coma and partial or complete paralysis of deglutition. I carefully gave a capsule containing half a dram of croton oil, which I could feel pass down, and administered stimulants in the same way. I emptied the bladder and rectum, had her braced up on the sternum and well clothed. I left mixture containing nux vomica and ammonium muriate, with instruc- tions to turn over every 4 hours. Calling again at night I could s€e no change. Relieved bladder and found rectum empty, though the animal had passed nothing. The next morning the patient was still down, but had a free evacuation of the bowels, which was very foetid. There were signs of re- turning consciousness to the extent that the cow was able to eat and drink a little. About noon she made an effort to get up, and with a little assistance did so. When I called that night I found her still standing and apparently well. She calved within three weeks without any more trouble. From the history, symptoms and results of treatment what should have been the diagnosis? Ante-partum paralysis, par- turient apoplexy, or results of improper treatment ? DISCUSSION. Dr. Repp said that he was satisfied the case was one of parturient paralysis, although this disease is rare before par- turition. URETHRAL CALCULUS. * By E. G. Marten, M. D. C., Schaller, Iowa. On an October morning Mr. J. B. Harris brought to me a horse that he said could not urinate. On examination I found the bladder distended with urine and the urine dripping from the penis. On trying to pass the catheter I found it difficult, but finally succeeded. On taking out the catheter some small stones followed, but the big ones remained, and as I could not reach them with my forceps, I decided to operate. It being Sunday Mr. Harris wished me to wait until the nextday. The following day I passed the catheter and withdrew the urine and then prepared for the operation. ‘The horse was cast as for castration. The part was washed with castile soap and water and with a 1~—20 solution of Pearson’s creolin. ‘The skin was * Read before the 14th Annual Meeting of the Iowa State Veterinary Medical Asso- ciation, Feb, 11 and 12, 1902. REPORTS OF CASES. 139 then rendered tense by the thumb and finger of the left hand and an incision was made with the scalpel in the median line in the perineal region. Then with a large splinter forceps I extracted 25 calculi from the size of a large pea to the size of a large walnut. After washing thoroughly and putting three sutures into the incision in the urethra and one in the skin the © animal was allowed to rise. The wound healed nicely and the animal made a complete recovery. DISCUSSION. Dr. S. H. Bauman said that on May 28, Igor, a roan mare, about 8 years old, was brought to his barn. The history as given by the owner was that she was unable to hold her urine and that he had owned her for a year or more, during which she worked well every day and was always in good flesh and easily kept. Her coat was always glossy. she had good life and ambition and looked to be in the best of health. Owner told me he had to wash her tail every day or so on account of dis- agreeable odor of urine. I proceeded to make an examination. I inserted my hand into the vagina and felt a tumor in the bladder as large as my two fists. I inserted a probe but could feel nocalculus. I also inserted a pair of lithotomy forceps and probed with them. I then told the owner that all I could do was to cut down on the tumor and find what was encysted and that probably we could effect a cure or better the condition of the mare. With his consent I proceeded to do so. I used creolin solution and thoroughly cleansed the parts. I then took a short castrating knife with hooked blade and made an incision about 4 inches long, starting on a line just anterior to the meatus urinarius and inserted my hand through the opening. I cut down on the tumor and found the calculus encysted. I care- fully dissected around the calculus and removed it as well as another smaller one which lay in the same sac. The growth around the calculus was about an inch to an inch and a half thick and resembled superfluous granulations as seen in an open wound. It was very vascular and the hemorrhage was profuse. I had a loss of perhaps two quarts of blood during the removal. The calculus is almost 11 inches at its greatest circumference, 4 inches at its greatest diameter and weighs almost thirteen ounces. I now exhibit it to you. There are four or five more of the same nature in the bladder of this same mare, but I wanted the mare to live, so stopped with this one. In conclusion will say that I dressed the wound and let the mare stand for an hour. 140 REPORTS OF CASES. Her owner drove her home the same day, a distance of ten miles, where she has worked right along ever since. The only difference seen or benefit derived from the operation is that she is able to retain her urine a little longer than before. Probably by the time of our next meeting I will beable to give you more on this same subject, as I expect to operate again this spring. ANOTHER CASE OF FELINE DIPHTHERIA. By Roscok R. BELL, D.V.S., Brooklyn, N. Y. Supplementing the report of a case of this disease in a pet house cat, recorded in the REVIEW for May, 1901, I present a copy of the bacteriological findings from a culture made from the throat of a large male cat, to which I was called to remove an imaginary bone which the animal was supposed to have at- tempted to swallow, and which had become lodged in the pharynx. This was on May 8, and when I examined the throat I found nothing in the nature of a foreign body, but suspecting the true nature of the trouble by the existence of a temperature of 105° F., and the presence of an intense laryngo-pharyngitis, I caused the animal to gag by pressure upon the throat, which resulted in the expulsion of a diphtheritic membrane. This I collected into a clean bottle, and drove around to the office of the Board of Health (a few blocks away), where I made the culture. This was forwarded to the Bacteriological Laboratory, and the next morning I received the following report : ; Laboratory No. 106}. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, DIVISION OF BACTERIOLOGY, DI BEN NEw York, April 9, 1902. DEAR SrR :—The examination of the culture made by inoculating the tube with the secretion from the throat of a cat from 46 Livingston Street on April 8 shows the presence of diphtheria bacilli. Examined by H. TAYLOR CRONK, M.D., Assistant Bacteriologist, The animal was isolated, but no treatment was prescribed, as it was very difficult to control the beast. He showed very marked improvement, however, the following day, and on April 15 he had apparently entirely recovered spontaneously. I should have stated that the first symptoms of ill-health were ob- served on the 4th. I here emphasize the great danger to be feared through this source of contagion. If a child be seized with the disease, a physician is usually summoned and as soon as the diagnosis is confirmed measures are at once adopted to confine the disease to REPORTS OF CASES. 141 the patient ; but the idea is prevalent that the cat has nine lives and the veterinarian is only called, if at all, when the owner is convinced that only one remains. While the poor animal has been losing eight of his clutches upon existence it has had every opportunity to distribute Loeffler’s bacilli to all susceptible subjects. If children are of the household the tender-hearted little playmates of the cat take it in their arms, stroke its hair and talk sympathetically to the sufferer, usually with their faces close to that of the cat. Or, in the absence of such human at- tention, all other felines in the neighborhood who may make nocturnal visits to the backyard have splendid opportunities to become infected, and thus a perfect epidemic of diphtheria may be started. It, therefore, behooves the veterinarian, where suspicious symptoms are present, to make or have made a _ bacteriological investigation. RUPTURED CESOPHAGUS. By T. S. CuILps, V. S., Saratoga Springs, N. Y. May 20, 1go1, I was called to see the trotting mare ‘‘ Ma- bel Beck.” On my arrival I found a very nice large bay mare, over 16 hands high, eight years old, with this history: Four or five weeks before she was taken with distemper ; the owner had by bad advice employed an empiric until a few days before. Then she was sent to a veterinarian to have a very large bunch on her neck opened, which was done all right ; but three days later food and water were noticed coming out of the opening. The mare had not eaten anything for several days before the abscess was opened, but since the opening of the abscess she had been eating well until now, and about all the food she took came out of the opening. On examination it was found that a partial rupture of the cesophagus had taken place, about three inches from the pharyngeal portion of the neck. The opening was laterally, downwards and backwards. The opening was about three inches long, taking in the wall, and floor and sides, leaving just enough roof to hold it together. In drinking water it would spurt out of the opening three or four feet. This mare had gone a mile in 2:12 and better, and had no mark, so she was considered very valuable by her owner, Mr. George Cravers, proprietor of the Imperial Hotel in Saratoga, and he wanted all done for her that could be, irrespective of expense. I suggested an operation, but he dissented, so I did not know what to do, but through the kindness of Dr. Williams, of Ithaca, and Dr. 142 REPORTS OF CASES. Bell, of Brooklyn, N. Y., and a few others, I decided on a plan of treatment, which worked well. I had all hay and coarse food taken away from her and substituted sawdust for bedding, had her placed in a good clean box stall, gave her milk, eggs, and strained lab meal—all that she would take for two weeks, aud used a 500 solution of nitrate of silver for the external wound, and 5y')y per cent. of the same for the internal wound per mouth, four times a day. All went well for a few days, then she would not drink, but we did not let her have anything else. Soshe soon took to her oat-meal drink, and in three weeks she was well. The first solid food she had in all this time was the first day of the third week (a nice bunch of fresh green grass), which she took eagerly and all right; and, after one’ more week, we sent her out to grass, where she was left for one month, and at the end of that time she was sent to Island Park, near Albany, to her trainer, who ten days later said she was as good as new and faster than ever. I had almost forgotten to say that the open- ing was made much larger at first and all the old ragged edges and diseased tissue was dissected away, and the cesophagus (that is, what was left of it) brought as nearly into apposition as pos- sible. Credit is due to Dr. Bruce McKay, of Glens Falls, N. Y., who I had help me in the operation. I hope this case will bring out a diseasion that will be of a lasting benefit to all; as, only about one year before I had a case that was very similar, and I advised the animal’s destruction, which was done, as the owner was willing, and, perhaps, had he been as persistent as our friend, ‘‘ Mabel Beck’s” owner, that the life of this animal might have been saved. ‘This mare’s destruction was advised; but the owner would not listen to it, and he saved his mare by his persistence. A CURIOUS CASE OF TETANUS—TREATMENT WITH ANTI-TOXIN —RECOVERY. By T. B. Rocers, D. V. S., Woodbury, N. J. On February 12th, 1902, I was called to see a horse that had received a wound at the base of the ear five days previously. There was considerable swelling on the side of the face, with infiltration of pus, and entire inability to masticate food. Suspecting the presence of a foreign body I enlarged the wound and made careful though unsuccessful search for it. I made counter openings for drainage and disinfected the affected region thoroughly. REPORTS OF CASES. 143 Next day the conditions were the same and further unsuc- cessful search was made for the foreign body. On the 15th I found a splinter of wood about as long and thick as the little finger near the site of the wound and zz a position where careful examination on the preceding day had failed to demonstrate it. (It had evidently changed its posi- tion through some muscular movement.) On the 17th the wounds were discharging freely and the jaws sufficiently relaxed to allow the patient to eata little. I may add that I attributed the trouble’ with the function of mastication to the inflammatory condition in the region of the maxillary articulation. On the 18th a great storm blocked the roads and I was unable to see my patient until the 24th, when his owner came to see me with the statement that the horse was much worse. I found a case of marked tetanus and at once re-opened and flushed out the wounds. In 48 hours I gave 100 ce. of tetanus antitoxin; this had the effect of rendering the condition sta- tionary, but did not relax the muscles. Continued flushing out of the wound was continued. After the tenth day of the acute manifestation the symptoms subsided so far as to allow the patient to eat a little grain. Now arose another group of symptoms. Instead of general muscular spasm, one or two muscles of a group were singled out, would remain in contraction for 24-48 hours, then relax and others contract in their stead, and finally the orbicularis oris passed into this condition, remaining so stiff for two days that while the patient could eat if the food was placed in his mouth he was utterly unable to pick it up. The medical treatment consisted in small doses of bromide of potassium, chloral and acetanilid. The temperature never rose above 102° F. and the heart’s action was good and steady throughout the attack. On the 17th March the patient was dismissed to light work. ; I have reported this case because I think it is an instructive one. The patient evidently had tetanus when first seen and the primary amelioration of the symptoms was due to the thorough opening up and disinfection of the wound, its closure permitted further elaboration of toxin and secondary poisoning. The antitoxin stayed the effect of the toxemia to a suffi- ’ cient extent to allow the patient to live until he could elabo- rate some antitoxin for himself. 144 REPORTS OF CASES. CANINE DISTEMPER. By T. S. Cups, V. S., Saratoga Springs, N. Y. Miss W. bought a dog at the Dog Show of 1900 in New York City ; it was a black cocker ; she has a kennel of 40 dogs ; this new dog had a disease, and all the dogs became affected more or less; about all dogs appeared to be well or about so, when one after another was taken with what appeared to be infectious pneumonia and about a dozen died or were destroyed, and post- mortem revealed pneumonia in every case. The lungs were black and very much engorged, looking much like the liver. All the dogs suffered terribly. JI am stuck as to the cause, and as to infectious pneumonia in dogs, I would be glad to hear from parties having more experience than I on this subject if they can from this meagre description. [There appears to be no doubt but that the dog purchased at the New York Show journeyed to Saratoga with the germs of a very virulent distemper in his system, and distributed them among his susceptible kennel mates.—EDITOR. | A RECORD TUBERCULOUS LIVER OF THE OX. Don C. Ayer, D. V. S., Chief of Meat Inspection, Bureau of Animal Industry, South Omaha, Neb., contributes the ac- companying photo of a beefs 7 liver, which was. taken from a steer slaugh- tered at that stafion. He furnished the fol- lowing macroscopi- cal description of the specimen: The car- cass was extensively affected with tuber- culosis. The liver weighed one hundred and forty-seven (147) pounds, was three feet eight inches (3'8’’) in length, two feet two inches (2/2) in width, and twelve (12”) inches thick. The doctor remarks that in his long and extensive experience as a federal meat inspector nothing approaching the dimensions and weight given ever came under his obser- vation. REPORTS OF CASES, 145 CASTRATION OF A LION, By A. M. LEEx, Senior Class N. Y.-A. V. C. While engaged in conversation with the trainer of ‘‘ Wallace the terrible, untamable lion,” on Fourteenth Street, New York City, one evening last week, he informed me that he had had a lion castrated a few years ago. ‘‘ He was a masturbator and that is the reason I had it done,” continued the controller of beasts. ‘‘ The operation was performed uptown, and the veteri- nary surgeon was an Englishman, I think. Hedida good job. He wanted me to put a collar on the animal, which I did, and by passing under the collar a strong rope and taking several hitches around his jaws and paws, I fastened him right to the bars of the cage. The doctor then asked me to take another hitch around those paws, for additional safety, which I did. After the operation was over, the way that surgeon sweated was sur- prising to see, and that lion was wild; he sprang to the side of the cage and clutched the bars opposite to where the doctor was standing (who had got out of the cage safely and was mopping his brow), and myself and two helpers had to get out at once for there was’nt anybody who could stay in the cage with him.” ‘“‘Didn’t it make him more docile?” asked I (referring to the castration). “No, it didn’t seem to,” he replied. ‘‘ He was just as ugly. We put him in with some other lions and he got to fighting and had a hole bitten into his lower jaw through which one of his upper incisors projected (clear through). I had the veterinarian come once more. We secured him and the tooth was cut off, and I intended rounding off the corners (smoothing them) myself, but I had delayed too long, for as soon as the tooth was cut off Mr. Lion keeled over on his back, dead! Blood poisoning hav- ing previously set in, causing heart disease, I suppose.”’ “T LooK forward with great pleasure for every number of the REviEw.”—(C. G. Neumann, V. .S., Princeton, Minn.) GETTING AROUND.—A learned society with headquarters in Stockholm, Sweden, has issued a pronunciamento to the effect that its researches have proved Prof. Koch altogether wrong in his contention that bovine tuberculosis cannot be transmitted to the human subject. As yet the experiments made have not been detailed to the public, but the edict referred to has had some weight with health boards in Europe.—(Preed- ers Gazette. ) 146 DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY. DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY. , By L. A. AND BE. MERILLAT, Chicago Veterinary College, 2537-39 State Street, Chicago, Ill. SURGICAL TREATMENT OF EXOMPHALOS (REDUCABLE). (Um- bilical Flernia, Omphatocele.) By Dr. C. O. VAN WINKLE. Various appliances have been used in the treatment of um- bilical hernia, each having its own particular advantage and disadvantage. I will describe a method that I have seen used with very satisfactory results. I prefer it to the multiple suture, the clamp with the bolt and thumb screw, or the crossed skewers. This method is especially applicable to the colt, calf and pig. In the equine specie it is advisable to operate on animals thus affected, at the age of from five months to two or. three years, six months old being the preferred age. If the umbilical opening should exceed three and one half inches in length, or the hernia is irreducable, radical herniotomy is advisable. Preparation.—This consists of seeing to the general health of the patient, and that the bowels are loose. Restrict the rations for thirty hours previous to the opera- tion. It is not best to entirely restrict the food, but supply good nutritious food in small quantities so that the animal may enter the operation in the best of condition. Instruments.—Razor, scalpel, curved needle, strong suture with braided silk one yard long, two seasoned hickory skewers notched at one end, six to eight inches long (according to the size of hernia) and about 3 inch in diameter. Technique.—Cast the patient, spread hind limbs, place and retain in the dorsal position (nicely done by placing two bags filled with oats on either side of the animal if sufficient help is not obtainable). Shave the skin around the seat of operation, wash with soap and water, disinfect with sublimate or creolin then a 50 per cent. solution of alcohol. The skin anterior and to the lateral margin of the sac is firmly grasped between the thumb and fingers of the left hand and raised and with the scalpel in the right hand two incisions are made by a sawing motion 34 of an inch apart, horizontal to the linea alba, and large enough to permit of the entrance of the sterilized, oiled skewers. DEPARTMENT OF SUKGERY. 147 This is repeated at the opposite anterior margin, also at the posterior lateral margins of the hernial sac. The skewers are then introduced under the 3{ inch of skin on each side of the hernia parallel to the linea alba; thus form- ing four live stitches from which the circulation is not shut off. x.x x.x —Incisions to admit skewers ; y.y—linea alba. A loop of strong suture cord is now placed and tightly tied over the notched ends of the skewers, and the other end is treated in a like manner, while an assistant draws up firmly on the her- nial sac, after first having reduced the hernia. After both ends are securely tied, a strong piece of silk is passed under the skewers in the centre at line B (Fig. 2) and back through the skin above and tightly tied at the side. This forms a stitch in the live tissue which helps to hold the skewers in place. A suture is now passed along with and beneath the skewers under the live stitches (marked x) and tied at one of the ends. The sharp ends are now cut off, as is also the hernial sac if it be a large one, otherwise it need not be interfered with. Some carbolized oil is poured arourd the edges of the sticks and the animal allowed to rise. H. Hernia; A.A’--Ligature first applied ; B--Second ligature applied around skewers ; xxxx—% inches of skin under which thé skewers are placed, also the ligature above same indi- cated by dotted lines.... ; y.y—Linea alba. 148 DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY. After-care.—Tie the animal in a good clean roomy stall provided with plenty of bedding. Keep on short rations until about 10 days after the skewers and hernial sac have sloughed off. Give gentle exercise daily. Do not turn out with other animals too soon, as running or being chased might cause the new cicatricial tissue to give way. After sloughing has taken place a dry antiseptic dressing may be applied, as it also may be used duringthe sloughing period. Seguele.—t. Peritonitis by extension of inflammation 2. Septicaemia by septic infection. 3. Return of hernia by non-closure of umbilical opening. 4. Prolapse of omentum or intestine due to sloughing of the parts too soon, or ‘‘ violent exertion.” SURGICAL ITEMS. 1. Warts touched up daily with glacial acetic acid will promptly disappear and leave but little scar. 2. Horses that have been idle for a protracted period should never be anesthetized without first exercising, purging and diet- ing for several days. The lazy, old, fat horse must especially be anzesthetized cautiously. if at all. 3. In order to guard more carefully against sepsis the knife used to incise the skin should be laid aside and another used in the deeper parts of surgical wounds. ‘The skin of the domestic animals is always dangerous no matter how much scrubbing and disinfection is applied to it. A knife, therefore, is certain to become infected in making the dermal incisions of veterinary operations. Other things being equal, this precaution will add materially to the primary unions in neurotomy. 4. It is well to remember that a spavined horse may sustain a nail prick between the date of diagnosis and the time set for treatment. The importance of re-examining a patient just be- fore operation, no matter how carefully he may have been ex- amined previously, cannot be too frequently reiterated. It is not unusual that an operation on a lame horse is postponed from week to week or from day to day or as long as he is able to work. Suddenly such a patient may become more acutely lame from another cause and be sent to the hospital for the operation that has been recommended, and if the surgeon is not “on the alert”? a nail prick may be fired in the hock or a sup- purated corn be treated with plantar neurotomy.—(Z. A. M/.) “T po not want to miss a number of the REVIEW.” —(Z. Z. Salley, D. V..S., Skowhegan, Me.) EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 149 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. FRENCH REVIEW. By Prof. A. LIAUTARD, M. D., V. M. FISTULA OF THE NECK—OPERATION—RECOVERY [P. Ber- geon|.—-A roan colt, of two years, became sick with pneumonia, sequela of distemper, of which he recovered, but after a while exhibited the symptoms of a parotid abscess. This was treated, punctured, and the animal lost sight of, when, six months later, the author was again called to see him. He then presented on the right side of the neck, two fistulous openings—one at the place where the abscess had been punctured, back of the parotid and above the union of the roots of the jugular, the other lower town, towards the lower quarter of the neck, forward on the neck, and from which escaped a creamy pus. The two open- ings communicated by a fistulous tract which crossed the direc- tion of the jugular, and passed underneath it. An injection of fluid colored with permanganate of potassium showed the communication between the two openings, and a long § probe introduced through the lower opening came out at the superior, pushing out a large quantity of purulent matter. The treat- ment consisted in thorough disinfection of the parts and cau- tious excision of the fistula with the bistoury, guided by the groove of a probe, introduced into the track. The division was made for a length of 25 centimetres until the jugular was reached. In the remaining upper portion of the fistula a seton was introduced. Injections of permanganate of potassium, alternatively with a solution of sulphate of copper, were pushed through the track, while the lower wound was treated antisep- cically with cresyl solutions. The horse was sold afterwards without having any blemish resulting from the operation.— (Journ. de Zovbtechnze. ) TETANUS IN A DoG [MZ Ducourneau and P. Jayles|.—A fox terrier for the last two or three days has difficulty in taking his food, his ears are stiff and drawn towards the summit of the head, his face is wrinkled, the eyes veiled partly with the mem- brana nictitans, the labial commissures are drawn upwards and backwards, the head carried upwards, the neck stiff. The an- imal moves freely ; his functions natural. It is at first a case of facial tetanus. ‘Two days later the disease assumes another 150 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. aspect ; it has become generalized. Movements are difficult, the legs move stiffly, the hind ones far apart; there are muscular contractions under the skin, the tail is rigid, there is ischuria, and no movements of the bowels. The treatment consisted in catheterizing of the bladder, rectal injections, injections of artificial serum (200 c.c.) and 5 c. c. of antitetanic serum, these were given for two days in succession and renewed three days after. Improvement began to show itself on the third day of the treatment, and the patient was discharged on the seventh. ‘This observation is interesting, as, though recovery is generally tlre rule, it records the history of an important case in which the antitetanic serum used early in hypodermic injec- tions may have had some influence on the result. Although more efficacious as a preventive, its curative propsrties are then certain or insufficient.—( Review Veterin.) MULTIPLE SUBCUTANEOUS ABSCESSES IN A HEIFER [J Ch. Besnott|.—This animal since several months has been un- der treatment for ulcerated and suppurating tumors of various regions of the body and was brought to the author about Janu- ary 15. She is in bad condition, eats fairly and ruminates well. Her temperature is normal. She is very thin, with a skin dry, adhering to the tissues underneath ; the coat is dulland staring, the back arched ; in one word, the heifex looks miserable. All the internal organs seem to functionate normally. Her body is covered almost all over with tumors more or less soft and fluctuating in some places. In some, indeed, they are ulcerated on the loins and back ; to the right and to the left there are about ten, spread between the external angle of the ilium and the last rib. On the left, one is as big as a child’s head. It seems con- stituted by a dried caseous tissue. Under it there is a wide granulating surface. In front of that region there are other tumors, smaller, varying between the size of a nut and that of a man’s wrist. On the right side there are five or six more. The head is not free from them. On the left side, at the anterior part of the cheek, there is one as big as an egg; it is fluctuating. On the inferior lip, one is as big asa nut. On the cxight side near the reflex border of the lower maxillary there is one. In the intermaxillary space, one like a man’s wrist; at the base of the left ear, there are three. The legs are notfreeeither. The right knee is affected, the antero-internal part of left fetlock also. The precrural lymphatic glands are the seat of the same trouble. After excluding the possibility of specific lesions, tu- berculous, actynomycotic, botryomycotic, cancerous, ete., a di- EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. Lol agnosis was made of abscesses, and the animal treated accord- ingly. Removal of the caseous crusts which covered some of the tumors, cresyl dressings or antiseptic and absorbing applica- tions to the surface underneath, punctures of all the fluctuating tumors with antiseptics afterwards, and little by little the recov- ery progressed and was completed after a length of time which lasted up to the end of April, over three months.—(Aevue Veter.) MASSETERINE MYOSISIN COLTS ONE YEAR OLD [JZ /. J. Ries|.—This record is very interesting, notwithstanding its in- completeness, as it reveals a peculiar morbid entity which may have been observed by others. It is the history of four colts, between 10 and 13 months old, which all died within a few days of sickness and after presenting a similarity of symptoms very particular, if one take in consideration that the disease has appeared in four different stables, where only one of those animals was kept, on four different neighboring farms having but one point of community, viz.: the probable exist- ence of an underground source of water supplying the drinking places. With the four colts the disease was ‘‘ essentially char- acterized by an acute masseterine myositis, producing from the start trismus and almost absolute impossibility of taking or mas- ticating solids and liquids, and followed later on by atrophy and contractions of the masseters. ‘The disease has always ended fatally.” The first colt was sick eight days and died the ninth. The second died in four days. The third had a complication of pneumonia by foreign bodies, which remained limited, from which the animal seemed to improve and ultimately died in 19 days. ‘The fourth seemed to have resisted 48 hours.—(fec. de Med. Vet.) OSSIFIED ADENOMAS OF THE C#:cUM IN A Horse [X. G. Petit)|.—A horse died from intestinal obstruction. Affected with colics without tympanitis, he suffered for four days, not- withstanding severe treatment. Aged 25 years, he had for the last two years been affected with colic on several occasions. At the post mortem most curious lesions were found, which have never been observed, either in man or animals. They consisted in conglomerated tumors, forming a mass as big as the wrist, divided on its surface as papillomas are and situated on the mucous membrane of the cross of the cecum. In passing the finger over the vegetations of the growth, a sensation of rough- ness and hardness is felt, similar to that given when examining tissue affected with calcareous infiltration. The histological ex- 152 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. amination showed that this growth was constituted by ossified adenoma.—(Bull. de la Soc. Cent.) A PERNICIOUS ACCESS IN A SLutT [d/cBlot].—Was it per- nicious access of fever similar to those which attack man and are manifestations of paludism, or what? At any rate, the slut subject of this record had been at Combuncton for something like a year when one day she was found lying down, panting, sleepy, with the skin very hot. Her temperature was 39.8°C. She refused all kinds of food. It was not a case of isolation, as she never went out except very early in the morning or late after sundown. Paludean fever is diagnosed. 50 centigrams of quinine are given. ‘The next day her temperature went up to 39.1° C. Same dose of quinine, which lowered it to 38.8° C. There was great prostration, inability to stand. ‘The day after the thermometer registered 39.8° C., respiration 42, pulse 12.1. 80 centigrams of quinine were given. At 4o’clock the tempera- ture was up to 40.3°. The animal was taken with epileptic symptoms; she had convulsions, and struggled so that it took three men to control her. 50 centigrams of chlohydate of quinine were given subcutaneously, and she was wrapped in a cold sheet. After an hour the thermometer registered 38.1°. She was quiet. The cold sheet was removed, the animal rubbed dry and wrapped in a dry blanket. In the evening,’ an- other injection of quinine. Temperature went down to 37° C. After a good night’s sleep, it still went lower to 36.8°, and the dog began to drink by herself. From that day recovery ac- centuated itself more and more, leaving, however, two compli- cations, due probably to the enormous doses of quinine given. She was deaf and had amblyopia. She recovered rapidly of the first, but the second seemed rather rebellious in passing away. Unfortunately there had been no examination of the blood with the microscope and on that account the positive correctness of the diagnosis remains doubtful.—(Rec. de Med. Vet.) CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY — RUPTURE OF THE POSTERIOR VENA Cava—CysT OF THE Ovary [MZ Roger].—This case is interesting by the variety of the lesions. An old mare, tied up with her halter, pulls back, makes a somersault, and falls heavily on the pavement. She tries to get up, but is unable to. When down the buccal mucous membrane is livid in color, the pulse filiform, the respiration stertorous. She soon enters into delirium, struggles violently ; in twenty minutes she dies. At the post- -mortem the right wing of the atlas is found to be frac- tured, the meninges and the brain are intact. On opening the EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 153 see a large quantity of blood escapes, some 15 litres, and the abdominal organs are bloodless. Those organs present nothing particular. The right ovary has a large cyst; it weighs 750 grammes. The aorta has no aneurism, no solution of con- tinuity. The walls of the posterior vena cava are exceedingly thin and its calibre depressed. At 10 centimetres from its origin the calibre is twice its normal size, its walls are highly colored red. In front of the dilatation, running towards the heart, there is an oval tear measuring 3 centimetres in length and 2 in diameter. This tear has its edges congested ; they are anterior to death. The heart is considerably hypertrophied ; there is hydropericarditis. Nothing in the lungs. —(Revue Veterin.) BELGIAN REVIEW. By Prof. A LIAUTARD, M. D. V. M. FRACTURE OF THE POSTERIOR CANNON BONE IN A HORSE —RECOVERY [Prof Navez].—The prognosis of fractures of a hind leg varies according to circumstances, but most writers agree that in the majority of cases it is better to have the ani- _ mal destroyed rather than to run the chances of a costly and al- ways uncertain treatment. For those reasons records of such accidents are comparatively few, although they are rather fre- quent. The case recorded by the author shows that, after all, the prognosis is not always so very serious; that some complete fractures in the horse may recover rapidly, and that the use of leather splints is very advantageous. A horse cast in the stable was found very lame in one hind leg, with fracture of the met- atarsal, a simple fracture, transversal outwards and beveled in its internal half. Treatment being required by the owner, the fracture was reduced, the leg enveloped in wadding and plaster of paris held in place with rollers and with three leather splints, half a centimeter thick, which had been softened by dipping in warm water. Rollers with plaster of paris were then laid over the whole, extending from the pastern to the upper part of the cannon. ‘The horse was placed in slings. Six days after the animal rested on his broken leg; on the roth day he stood firm on it; on the fifth week he took moderate exercise, scarcely ' limping on his lame leg. After fifteen days he resumed slow work.—(Aunales de Bruxelles, Jan., 1902.) 154 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. VERTEBRAL ACTINOMYCOSIS IN A Cow [ Wr. Poes |.— Nervous manifestations in the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis have already been recorded. It is to show that such can also be present in lesions of a different nature that the author re- cords the following case :—A three-year-old cow, in good condi- tion, has become. dull, her legs are stiff, and she moves unwill- ingly. After a while she becomes agitated, has spells of cough- ing, her general functions are about normal. She carries her head high, abnormally extended ; superior cervical muscles are hard; lateral movements of the head, or those of flexion, are stiff; prehension of food from the ground is difficult ; there are spasms of the extensor muscles of the head; the front legs are stiff ; the hind ones act normally. Is it rheumatism, tetanus, or meningeal tuberculosis? Treatment is prescribed, but no im- provement follows. The animal is slaughtered. At the post- mortem the body of the sixth cervical vertebra is found pierced from its superior to its inferior face by a canal which is filled with atumor. This by.its internal extremity spreads on the floor of the rachidian canal, between it and the dura mater, ex- tending to the two next vertebre, and by the inferior extremity rests on the bone and the longus colli. The tumor is surround- ed by a kind of fibrous membrane, greyish or blueish, soft here, harder there, and showing numerous very small yellow granu- lations, which under the microscope prove to be coloxies of actinomyces.—(Aznales de Bruxelles, Feb. 1902.) SPRAIN OF THE SHOULDER IN BovINES [J/r. L. Henze|.— This affection is quite frequent, and, while it has been observed frequently as a complication of tuberculosis, it results also quite often from mechanical cause, as the author has observed it in districts where animals are turned in numbers to pasture. When an animal in heat is among them, various accidents are often met with, such as digestive troubles, reduction in lactation, cere- bral congestion, and, above all, sprain of the shoulder, which is due to the struggles of a cow resisting another which tries to mount her. ‘There is nothing peculiar in the symptomatology, and the prognosis is generally favorable. The essential condi- tion of the treatment is rest, and this must be reinforced by the attendant. Good bedding, astringent or mildly irritating fric- tions are necessary. Subcutaneous injections of salted water will do in old cases. Improvement will not be noticed before three weeks, but radical recovery is obtained after a month.— (Annales de Bruxelles.) FRACTURE OF THE HIND PASTERN IN A HEAVY DRAUGHT * EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. as HorseE [d/r. /. Nizet|.—This is an eight-year-old mare, which in starting a load, slipped back on her right hind foot and be- came suddenly so lame that she had to be taken home. A simple transversal fracture of the first pastern complicated with slight wound of the coronet is the diagnosis. By request of the owner treatment is undertaken. Placed in slings, the ani- mal had its leg, from the hoof to the middle of the cannon, wrapped up in the classical plaster dressing ; the other leg is covered with astringent compresses to prevent laminitis; the slings are removed at night to allow the horse to lay down. For seven weeks the animal moved only on three legs, and after two months, when the bandage was removed, it was no- ticed that the pastern was surrounded with a swelling of fibrous consistency, which interfered with the action of the leg, and probably caused pain by pressure on the nerves of that region. Alterative applications being used, the swelling was reduced, but the lameness remained the same, viz., inability to carry weight while in motion or even when standing still. High plantar neurotomy was then resorted to on both sides of the diseased leg and two weeks later the mare was able to do light work. She recovered entirely with time and did even hard work.—( Annales de Bruxelles, March, 1902.) GERMANY’S NEW MzEaT Law.—Washington, March 31.— “It is officially announced in the Rezchdlatt that Paragraph 21 of the new law regulating the inspection of cattle intended for slaughter and the inspection of meat will go in force on Oct. 1, 1902, says United States Consul Albert at Brunswick in a re- port to the State Department. In explanation of this paragraph he says: ‘It provides that no substances or processes of any kind shall be applied to the preparation of meat intended for sale which shall make it injurious to health. The importation of such prepared meat from a foreign country is forbidden, and no traffic in itis permitted. The chemical substances which are considered deleterious are: Boracic acid and its salts, formal- dehyde, alkali hydroxides or carbonates, sulphuric acid and its salts, as well as hyposulphites, fluor acid and its salts, salicylic acid and its combinations and chloric acid salts. These provis- ions of the law also apply to the use of coloring stuffs for meats and meat products. However, the yellow coloring of margarine and the colors applied to the coverings of sausages are excepted.” “JT APPRECIATE all improvement and scientific advancement in the REview.”—(/. R. Kelso, M. D. C., Hebron, Ill.) 156 COLLEGE COMMENCEMENTS. COLLEGE COMMENCEMENTS. M’GILL UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF COMPARATIVE MEDICINE. The annual convocation for the conferring of degrees was held March 27 in the old library, with Dr. Craik in the chair, Sir William Macdonald representing the governors, and Princi- pal Peterson was there as Vice-Chancellor. Dean McEachran read the report, and the prizes were presented as follows : Medal for best general examination during the three-year course, A. D. Harrington ; prizes, veterinary medicine and surgery, A. R. Douglas ; cattle pathology, A. D. Harrington ; materia medica, A. D. Harrington ; anatomy, T. C. Hays. Extra prizes for the best essay read before the veterinary medical association, (1) A. D. Harrington, (2) A. R. Douglas, (3) W. R. Blair ; for the best essay read before the psychological society, (1) A. D. Harring- ton, (2) F. M. Gray. The candidates for the degree of D. V. S. were then capped by Principal Peterson as Vice-Chancellor. They were: W. Reid Blair, G. A. Kennedy, W. H. Spear, Alexander R. Doug- las, Seymour Hadwen, J. W. Symes, A. D. Harrington, W. Manchester (in absentia). Dr. A. R. Douglas read the class valedictory, in which he dwelt on their gratitude for the zealous and conspicuously able instruction of the professors, and urged the difficulties, the re- sponsibilities and importance of the veterinary calling. Dr. McEachran wished the students God-speed, saying no school in the Dominion had turned out so many leading vet- erinarians as the McGill faculty, hampered in many ways as it is. He urged the great importance of the science. When indi- vidual horses are valued at $100,000, and cattle at $15,000, and dogs at $10,000, the need of trained veterinary doctors is appar- ent. In the United States there are $2,000,000,000 invested in stock and an annual loss of $20,000,000 from hog cholera alone. Moreover, the welfare of agriculture and the public food sup- ply depends largely upon them. He went on to deal with the growing recognition of the science in the American colleges and pointed out the necessity of endowments for the carrying on of what is only one branch of the great science of medicine. The provincial legislature had at last recognized them by pass- ing an act to regulate the right to assume the title and to prac- tice. Dr. Peterson expressed his sympathy with the work of the faculty, saying that at the University of Pennsylvania the effi- COLLEGE COMMENCEMENTS. 157 ciency of the veterinary faculty is continually rising, and he was extremely pleased at the decision of Harvard to take up their work in comparative medicine again with some of the en- dowments lately given them for the study of medicine. He concluded with a few words of commendation of the work done by the students and professors. Dr. Craik said it had been one of his first duties as dean of the faculty of medicine to assist in the incorporation of the veterinary school in the university. He would remind them that his own faculty had struggled along for years before reach- ing its present position of stability, and he believed their sun of prosperity would soon rise. M’KILLIP VETERINARY COLLEGE. A new era was inaugurated at the sixth annual commence- ment exercises of this college. The growth of the institution rendered it necessary to obtain a larger hall than in former years to accommodate the guests; in consequence the exercises were held at the auditorium of Y. M. C. A. building, Chicago, March 28th, at 7.30 P.M. The exercises were opened by the Rev. Pleasant Hunter, D.D., after which followed the conferring of the degree of the College (M. D. V.), by Dr. M. H. McKillip, upon the following gentlemen: C. P. Draper, A. H. Fehr, Robt. Frame, Chas. Frazier, T. P: Galbraith, H. L. Jackson, Geo. Jerome, John Keppel, C. A. Mack, S. H. Miller, C. W. Moore, M. W. Shempf, J. F. Sylvester, B. C. Tillman, Thomas fetuder, PR. Whipple, ‘IT. T. Kendrew, J.P. Luxmore, H.A. Walker. The address of the evening was deliverd by Dr. Jas. G. Kiernan, and prizes were awarded by the Secretary, Dr. John J. Millar, as follows: Highest average for three years, John Kep- pel (presented by McKillip Veterinary College) ; highest aver- age for senior year, John Keppel (presented by faculty of Mc- Killip Veterinary College) ; highest average for junior year, W. G. Langley (presented by faculty) ; highest average for fresh- man year, E. D. Andersen (presented by faculty); highest average in bacteriology, John Keppel (presented by Prof. I. D. Rawlings); highest average in anatomy (freshmen), A. Paul (presented by Prof. F. S. Schoenleber); highest average in materia medica, M. W. Schultz (presented by Prof. T. B. New- by). Following the exercises about 150 persons adjourned to the banqueting hall, where a most elaborate menu was given in 158 COLLEGE COMMENCEMENTS. honor of the class of 1902. Toastmaster Prof. E. M. Reading contributed greatly to the success of the evening’s entertain- ment, while the responses were made by Dr. Howard L. Jack- son for the graduating class, W. G. Langley of the senior class, and J. W. Eastland of the junior class. The different members of the faculty as they were respectively called upon by the toastmaster responded briefly, as also did Rev. Pleasant Hunter. A very regretable feature was the absence from the banqueting table of Dr. McKillip, who on account of his recent severe illness deemed it advisable not to remain after the graduating exer- cises. It is needless to add that the final exercises of the class of 1902 mark an innovation in the history of the McKillip Veter- inary College. ONTARIO VETERINARY COLLEGE. The closing exercises of this college were held March 28, and the following gentlemen received the degree of V. S.: F. Rudolph Adams, Cardiff, Wales; Fred. W. Anderson, Buffalo, N. Y.; Henry M. Armour, Warsaw, N. Y.; Harry K. Berry, Paterson, N. J.; Thomas A. Blacklock, Campbellville; Christopher J. Bousfield, Toronto; Phineas Bridge, Paterson, N. J.; Walter T. Brophy, Montevideo, Minn.; Jared Burton, Wheaton, Minn.; Gilbert F. Candage, Bluehill, Me.; Joseph H. Carter, Riverhead, Long Island, N. Y.; Nels A. Christian- son, Magnolia, Minn. ; Matthew G. Connolly, Sundridge ; Clar- ence J. Cooper, Warwick, Bermuda, W. I.; Thomas F. Colling, Toronto ; James Morgan Dand, Deloraine, Man.; John B. Dar- ling, South Peacham, Vt.; Charles E. Dille, Ville Ridge, II1. ; Charles H. Doyle, Summerside, P. E. I.; Lawrence L. Doyle, Summerside, P. E. I.; Bert C. Eldredge, Tedrow, O.; D. Alex. Fasken, Paris; Edward Roy Farewell, Drayton; W. Francis Forest, Hicksville, O.; Ralph Edward Freeman, Rockland, Me. ; William A. Gill, Verschoyle; G. Arthur Gohn, Toronto; Charles L. Hayward, Georgetown, Il].; Demerest T. Havens, Manasquan, N. J.; George A. Harvey, Cleveland, Ohio ; Joseph S. Hollingsworth, La Salle, Ill.; Robert A. Hume, Watford ; Gardiner Harvey, Guelph; Wesley I. Irwin, Little Britain ; James W. Jackson, Ventnor; T. Fred. Johnston, St. John, N. B.; T. F. Kimball, Elmore, O. ; John T: Leslie, Flora, Ind.; W. D. MacCormack, Enterprise; Jas. A. McLeish, Arkona; Edward J. Magee, Warrenburgh, N. Y.; Milton M. Marshall, Cochranton, Pa.; Walter L. Mills, Warsaw, N. Y.; John P. COLLEGE COMMENCEMENTS. 159 Molioy, Rosser, Man.; H. Clifford Murray, South Glen Falls, N. Y.; William J. Neil, Omemee; R. C. M. Nyblett, Strath- clair, Man.; Francis Vincent Perry, Regina, N. W. T.; Clar- ence Clement Petty, Hastings, Mich.; John Harland Pickering, Forest; Charles Edgar Poe, Leitersburg, Md.; Frank W. Powell, Akron, O. ; Charles R. Query, Jackson, Mo.; Shearman - Ransom, Westholm, B. C.; Herbert E. Rea, St. Mary’s; W. E. E. Robbins, Halifax, N. S.; George L. Schneider, Canton, O. ; Omar O. Selle, Cameron, Mo.; J. Clarence Singer, Perth Am- boy, N. J.; Llewellyn Snyder, Huntsville ; Chauncey C. Stev- ens, Yale, Mich.; A. Newton Stewart, Waterloo, Iowa; Clark A. Stewart, Waterloo, Ia.; Robert Stewart, St. John’s, Nfld. ; Theodore J. Stover, Norwich; John Henry Sturm, Chilton, Wis. ; Lorne Daniel Swenerton, Carberry, Man.; William F. Schwiesow, Columbus, Wis. ; Arthur R. Torrie, Chatsworth ; R. Thomas Williams, Blackinton, Mass.; W. C. Van Allstyne, Red Creek, N: Y. GRAND RAPIDS VETERINARY COLLEGE. At the fifth annual commencement exercises, which took place in the college auditorium March 28, the following re- ceived diplomas: A. Beck, Auburn, Iowa; F. Brouwer, Hol- land, Mich.; E. Boesewetter, West Bend, Wis.; E. Branyan, Bronson, Mich.; H. J. Getman, Traverse City, Mich.; George Rainy Gaggin, Australia; C. E. Greenewalt, Topeka, Ind. ; James F. Hanley, Boston, Mass. ; W. A. Haynes, Jackson, Mich.; A. G. Hersey, Grand Rapids, Mich.; E. L. Krieger, Benton Harbor, Mich.; F. S. Kinison, Dawson, Pa.; W. G. V. Lyons, South Norwalk, Conn.; Elmer D. Nash, Helena, Montana ; M. L. Pattison, Ridgeway, Mich.; Herman F. Sass, Toledo, Ohio ; E. J. Sowerby, Rockford, Mich. ; Fred L. Small, Beulah, Mich. ; J. F. Sudman, Boyne City, Mich.; A. R. Trickel, Browntown, Wis. ; Harry W. Wise, Rife, Pa.; Joseph Wardle, Flint, Mich. ; W. W. Sammis, Indianapolis, Ind. Dr. W. A. Mclean, of Greenville, took a_ post-graduate course; Dr. W. E. Bessey, of Grand Rapids, and Dr. J. E. Jaynes, of DeWitt, Mich., received the honorary degree of doc- tor of veterinary science. The success of the college being now assured, the manage- ment are about to construct a more modern building for the accommodation of its patrons. “T HAVE taken the REVIEW so long that I find that Iam lost without it."—(/. MZ. Everitt, V. S., Hackettstown, N. /.) 160 NEW JERSEY’S NEW LAW. NEW JERSEY’S NEW LAW. AN ACT TO REGULATE THE PRACTICE OF VETERINARY MEDI- CINE, SURGERY AND DENTISTRY IN THE STATE OF NEW JERSEY, TO LICENSE VETERINARIANS AND TO PUNISH PER- SONS VIOLATING THE PROVISIONS THEREOF. Be it enacted by the Senate and General Assembly of the State of New Jersey: 1. The governor shall appoint a board of examiners to be known as the state board of veterinary medical examiners, said board to consist of five members, who shall be persons of recog- nized professional ability and honor in the veterinary profession in this state and who shall have practiced veterinary medicine and surgery for at least five years immediately preceding such appointment; the term of office of the members of said board shall be three years, or until their successors are appointed and duly qualified; provided, however, that the members of the board first appointed shall serve as follows: One, for one year, two, for two years, and two for the full term of three years, com- mencing on the first Monday of May, one thousand nine hun- dred and two; and thereafter each member shall be appointed for the term of three years; each appointee shall, before assum- ing the duties of the office, and within thirty days after the re- ceipt of his commission, take, subscribe and file, in the office of the secretary of state, the oath or affirmation of office; the gov- ernor shall fill vacancies from death or otherwise for unexpired terms, and may remove any member of said board for continued neglect of the duties required by this act, for incompetence, unprofessional or dishonorable conduct. 2. The first meeting of the examining board shall be held on the first Monday in May, one thousand nine hundred and two, suitable notice in the usual form being given with the notice of their appointment by the secretary of state, to each of the members thereof specifying the time and place of said first meeting ; at the first meeting of the board an organization shall be effected by the election from their own membership, of a president, a secretary and a treasurer; it shall have a common seal, and its president shall be empowered to issue subpoenas and to administer oaths in taking testimony in any matter per- taining to the duties of said board; it shall make and adopt all necessary rules, regulations and by-laws not inconsistent with NEW JERSEY’S NEW LAW. 161 the laws of this state or of the United States, whereby to per- form the duties and to transact the business required under the provisions of this act. 3. Said board shall hold two or more meetings for exami- nations at the capitol building of this state each year, due notice of which shall be made public at such time as they shall deter- mine; at all meetings a majority of the members of the board shall constitute a quorum, but the examination of applicants for license may be conducted by a committee of one or more members duly authorized by said board; said board shall ex- amine all diplomas as to their genuineness, and each applicant for a license shall submit to a theoretical and practical examina- tion, said examination to be written, oral, or both; such exami- nation shall include the following subjects: Veterinary an- atomy, physiology, chemistry, surgery, dentistry, practice of veterinary medicine, obstetrics, pathology, bacteriology, diag- nosis, materia medica, therapeutics, pharmacy, zootechnics, sani- tary medicine, hygiene, meat and milk inspection, and veteri- nary jurisprudence. 4. Said board shall issue forthwith to each applicant who has passed such examination successfully, and who shall have been adjudged duly qualified for the practice of veterinary medi- cine, surgery and dentistry, a license to practice the same in the state of New Jersey; such license issued pursuant to this act shall be subscribed by the president and secretary of the board of veterinary medical examiners; it also shall have affixed to it, by the person authorized to affix the same, its corporate seal ; before said license shall be issued it shall be recorded in a book kept in the office which said board shall establish for the pur- pose of carrying out the provisions of this act, and the number of the book and the page therein containing said recorded copy shall be noted on the face of said license ; such records shall be open to public inspection with proper restrictions as to their preservation. 5. Upon presenting to the board acertified copy of a court record, showing that a practitioner of veterinary medicine, sur- gery or dentistry has been convicted of a felony or misdemeanor, that fact may be noted upon the record of licenses, and the license and registration shall be marked canceled ; any person whose license shall be so canceled shall be deemed as an unli- censed person, and, as such, subject to the penalties prescribed for other unlicensed persons who practice veterinary medicine, surgery or dentistry in this state. 162 NEW JERSEY’S NEW LAW. 6. From and after the first Monday in May, one thousand nine hundred and two, any person not hereinbefore registered to practice veterinary medicine, surgery and dentistry in this state, or desiring to enter upon such practice, shall deliver to the sec- retary of the veterinary medical board, upon a payment of a fee of ten dollars, a written application for license, together with sat- isfactory proof that the applicant is more than twenty-one years of age, is of good moral character, has obtained a competent school education and has received a diploma conferring the de- gree of veterinary medicine from some legally incorporated vet- erinary college or university of the United States, or a diploma or license conferring the full right to practice all the branches of veterinary science in some foreign country (which, in the opinion of said board, was in good standing at the time of issu- ing said diploma); applicants who shall have received their de- gree in veterinary medicine after the first Monday of May, one thousand nine hundred and two, must have pursued the study of veterinary medicine for at least three years including three regular courses of lectures of at least six months each in differ- ent years, in some legally incorporated veterinary college or university, prior to the granting of said diploma or foreign license, such proof shall be made, if required, upon affidavits ; upon making the said payment and exhibiting the before-named proof, the examining board, if satisfied with the same, shall issue to such applicant an order for examination; in case of failure at such examination, the candidate, after the expiration of six months and within two years, shall have the privilege of a second examination by the board of veterinary medical exam- iners, without the payment of an additional fee ; azd zt zs fur- ther provided, that applicants examined and licensed by the state board of veterinary medical examiners of other states, on payment of a fee of ten dollars to the examining board of this state, and on filing in the office of said board a copy of said license, certified by the affidavit of the president or secretary of the board of such other state, showing also that the standard of the examination and other requirements adopted by that state board of veterinary medical examiners is substantially the same as that provided for by this act, shall without further examina- tion, receive a license conferring upon the holder thereof all the rights and privileges provided by sections four and six of this act. 7. From and after the first Monday in May, one thousand nine hundred and two, no person shall enter upon or continue the practice of veterinary medicine, surgery or dentistry in any NEW JERSEY’S NEW LAW. 163 of their branches in the state of New Jersey, unless he has com- plied with the provisions of this act, and shall have exhibited to the clerk of the county in which he desires to practice veteri- nary medicine, surgery or dentistry, a license duly granted to him as hereinbefore provided; whereupon he shall be entitled, upon the payment of one dollar, to be duly registered in the: _ Office of the clerk of the court of common pleas in said county ; any person using any title or degree appertaining to the veteri- nary profession or practicing veterinary medicine, surgery or dentistry in any of their branches in this state after the first Monday in May, one thousand nine hundred and two, without being licensed and registered in conformity with the provisions of this act, or otherwise violating any of its provisions, shall be guilty of misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished for the offense by a fine not less than one hundred dol- lars, or by imprisonment in the county jail for a period of not less than thirty days, or by both fine and imprisonment, and for each subsequent offense the punishment shall be double that of the preceding one; and it shall be the duty of the respective district attorneys of the counties of this state to prosecute viola- tions of the provisions of this act. 8. It shall also be lawful for the said board to institute civil proceedings in any court of competent jurisdiction against any person, company or association for the violation of any of the provisions of this act ; such proceedings shall be brought in an action on contract and, upon conviction thereunder, the person, company or association so convicted shall be liable to a fine, which shall be the same amount fixed in preceding section of this act, and all fines and penalties collected by any court under the provisions of this section of this act shall be paid over to the treasurer of this board, to be received and disbursed by him in accordance with the provisions of this act. g. Nothing inthis act shall be construed to interfere with or punish veterinarians in the United States army, or in the United States bureau of animal industry, while so commis- sioned, or any lawfully qualified veterinarian residing in other states or countries meeting registered veterinarians of this state in consultation, or any veterinarian residing on the border of a neighboring state and duly authorized under the laws thereof to practice veterinary medicine or surgery therein whose practice extends into the limits of this state ; Arovzded, that such practi- tioner shall not open any office or appoint a place to meet pa- tients or receive calls within the limits of New Jersey; and 164 ROCKER OPERATING TABLE. nothing in this act shall be construed to prohibit the practice of veterinary medicine, surgery or dentistry, by any practitioner who shall have been registered in any county in this state before the first Monday in May, one thousand nine hundred and two, and one such registry shall be sufficient warrant to practice vet- erinary medicine, surgery or dentistry in any county in this state; nothing in this act shall apply to persons gratuitously treating animals in cases of emergency ; provided, they do not represent themselves to be veterinarians or use any title or de- gree appertaining to the practice thereof. 10. The expenses of said board and of the examinations shall be paid from the license fees and fines above provided for, and ifany surplus remain, the same may be distributed among the members of said board as a compensation for their services as mem- bers, but otherwise they shall receive no compensation whatever. 11. All acts or parts of acts, general or special, now existing not in accordance with the provisions of this act or inconsistent herewith be and the same are hereby repealed. 12. This act shall take effect immediately. THE ROCKER OPERATING TABLE. The operating table here illustrated has been in use now for more than a year at the Kansas City Veterinary College, and has proven so satisfactory in every way that we have obtained from Dr. Stewart a photo and description of it for the benefit of our readers. This cut shows the table without the foot-board, which is : removed when the an- imal ison the table. This table is easily moved into any position with the patient upon it. It requires no anchorage and is usable in any hos- pital or stable. The table can be man- ufactured and placed on board cars in Kansas City complete in every detail for $75. Should any member of the profession desire to construct one at home, blue prints giving every item of construction, so that a competent mechanic can readily build it, can be furnished for $5. CORRESPONDENCE. 165 CORRESPONDENCE. THE BUYING OF AMERICAN HORSES BY THE BRITISH GOV- ERNMENT. FORT SHERIDAN, ILL., April 10, 1902. Editors American Veterinary Review : DEAR Sirs :—The press of the country for several weeks past has been full of the abuse of the alleged blunders of the British remount department in their purchase of horses in this country for service in South Afiica, how they were swindled by the con- tractors, high prices paid, «1d worst of all their refusal to accept the services of the U. S. Aimy “horse expert,” who, it is pre- sumed, kindly offered his services at so much per —. As we know a good deal about the operations of some of the British boards doing business in the Northwest, we believe it is only fair to our English brethren to state a few facts in this connection. In the first place, there is no such office as that of ‘“ horse expert’ in the U. S. Army ; the horses are mostly purchased here under contract by an officer of the Quartermaster’s Depart- ment and in a few instances by cavalry regimental boards of one or two officers; in either case the inspecting officer or offi- cers 1s accompanied by a regimental veterinarian or a civil vet- erinarian of the Quartermaster’s Department, and we know that none of the gentlemen claim to be “‘ horse sharps,” and we are sure, that the veterinarians do not claim to know any more about the soundness of an animal than their English brother. So much for the ‘‘ horse expert.” While acting as a member of a horse board last spring and summer, receiving horses under contract for a cavalry regiment, we met on several occasions British horse boards operating in the same territory and receiving small sized horses for use in South Africa, while we were in the vicinity of Sheridan, Wyom- ing. About forty car loads of these horses were shipped south for transportation to Cape Colony. We were interested to a great extent in the modus operandi of the English board, as we expected to gain several points on examination and inspection ; they also observed our method of receiving. Their method of inspection and examination was practically the same as ours, each animal being first passed upon by the inspecting officer and then tested for soundness by the veteri- narian ; their inspection and examination was as rigid as our 166 CORRESPONDENCE. own; all of the gentlemen we had the honor of meeting knew their business practically, and some of our own board were not reluctant to take advantage of several practical points from them. Now, as to the price paid for the class of horses wanted, it would have been considered high two years ago, but so many of the horses had been purchased that the contract price had ad- vanced considerably over the original ; the prices ranged from sixty to eighty-four dollars ; the demand was so great and the supply was exhausted to such an extent that the proprietors of the ranches had to go up into Idaho to obtain horses to do the usual horse work of their ranges. After the departure of the English boards the supply of small horses in Nebraska, Dakota, Wyoming and Montana had been practically exhausted, while the kind of horses we were receiving still continued in abundance. Our horses for cavalry are generally fifteen hands three inches high, weigh about ten hundred and fifty pounds, cost from one hundred and ten toone hundred and twenty doilars each, and from what we could understand would be totally unfitted for South African service. The surprising part of the whole thing to us is that the price of the wiry small horse of the western prairie remained so low when the demand was so great. We do not believe that there is a single man in the U. S. Army, ‘‘horse expert” or “horse doctor,” who could give pointers to any of the English boards we met with, in the in- spection and examination of the horse, and the price was low considering the conditions. As to their honesty, their uniform stands voucher for that. We believe it stands unsullied even though engaged in the trade of horse buying. Very respectfully, GERALD E. GRIFFIN, Veterinartan, Artillery Corps. ENCEPHALITIS IN HORSES AND IMPACTION IN CATTLE. CoLuMBIA, TENN., April 2, 1902. Editors American Veterinary Review : DEAR SIRS :—We have lost a good many horses and mules this winter from encephalitis; also a good many cattle from impaction of the omasum. I would be glad to hear from any one who has a treatment by which they can get good results. Yours truly, A.Q. KENNEDY. SOCIETY MEETINGS. 167 SOCIETY MEETINGS. OHIO STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. This association convened for its nineteenth annual session in Townshend Hall, Ohio State University, Columbus, on Jan. 14, 1902, with President Dr. S. D. Myers in the chair. Meet- ing called to order at 2 P. M., when Rev. W. O. Thompson, President of the University, was introduced and delivered to us a most cordial address of welcome, telling us of the trials and successes of the Veterinary Department of this university, as well as requesting all practicing veterinarians in the State to take a deep interest in the success of this especial department. This extempore address was replied to by Dr. J. V. Newton as follows: “ Mr. President, Prof. Thompson and Members of the Ohio Vet- erinary Medical Association : ‘* GENTLEMEN :—It is my honor as well as my pleasure to have been chosen to respond to your cordial welcome just ex- tended to us. While it may bea pleasure for your institution to entertain us, it is indeed a great pleasure for the State Veter- inary Medical Association to be the guest of Ohio’s greatest in- stitution of learning, ‘ The Ohio State University.’ Your invi- tation to meet here carries with it the conviction that the officers and faculty of your great institution places our organization and profession among the many agencies all working together as a harmonious whole, designed to bring American civilization to the front rank and to keep it there as the criterion, the emula- tion of which will be the aim of all the people of all clans who are working to lift humanity to its proper plane, which a poet of old told us is ‘ but one step below the angels.’ ‘Our organization is in favor of education ; aye, more; it is in favor of higher education, and we hope to see the time when none but the alumni of regularly organized and fully equipped veterinary colleges will be allowed to practice veterinary medi- cine in this great State. A nation such as ours, which gets one- third of its food and a vast amount of its work from the animal kingdom, cannot fail to appreciate the valuable service of a pro- fession whose equipment enables it to assist in keeping strong and sound the beast of burden and free from disease the animals raised for food. “The members of the profession will no doubt pardon me if I for a moment dwell on the growth and progress of our profes- 168 SOCIETY MEETINGS. sion during the last twenty years. About twenty years ago a few of us met in this city and organized the Ohio Veterinary Medi- cal Association. Ohio was one of the first States to take this action. Most of us at that time were graduates of some foreign college. I am glad to say that to-day we have many good vet- etinary colleges in this country, and I am pleased to say that we have an excellent veterinary school in our own State, a part of the institution of which we are guests to-day. “ T doubt if there is a State in the Union to-day that is with- out a veterinary medical association. It is an undisputed fact that this veterinary association has done a great amount of good in our State. “’The veterinary associations and their members have done as much to prevent cruelty to animals as any other organization in existence. I call attention to work of our profession in assist- ing local societies for the prevention of cruelty to animals. “Worm in the tail’ and ‘hollow horn’ and other misno- mers are now a thing of the past among us, and animal ills are now treated from a scientific basis. “T well remember a prominent veterinary surgeon of our State who about twenty-five years ago had a lucrative practice in one of our neighboring cities. Once, when he was called out of town, a young graduate was called in to see one of his pa- tients. On his return he was telling one of his friends that a young graduate upstart had arrived in town, and ‘I found him treating one of my patients, having a barometer in his rectum taking his temperament.’ This man had a large practice, and I remember him having a case in court, and when the attorney asked him what his occupation was, he replied, ‘A veteran sur- geon.’ ‘Well, doctor,’ said the attorney, ‘what did you give the animal?’ ‘Some digitalis.’ ‘Doctor, what would be the effect of that drug on the animal?’ ‘It would be comfort- ing to the mind, soothing to the bowels, a tonic and an ano- dyne.’ ““T merely mention this to show what the profession was twenty-five years ago, and this is a fair example of the men who were caring for the live stock in our State at that time. I am ~ sorry to say that there are some men practicing in our State to- day who are as ignorant of what they are doing for their patient as the party referred to. The facts are that a young man com- ing to this State twenty-five years ago, looking for a place to practice, the public looked upon him with a kind of suspicion, as the horse doctor of twenty-five years ago was looked upon as SOCIETY MEETINGS. 169 a dead-beat and a man not to be trusted ; but to-day I am proud to say that the veterinary profession in the State of Ohio ranks on a par with any other of the professions. ‘We are justly proud of our profession. Its calling is high, its aim is pure and its accomplishments make the world better for our being in it. The inventor may build his automobiles, | patent his bicycles or construct horseless vehicles for business and pleasure, but the noble animal, the horse, and his distant relative, the tireless and persevering mule, are bound to remain man’s best friend and constant companion. “The chemist may compound his substitutes for milk, but the infant in arms and the old man in his tottering years, as well as the adult in health and strength, will always find nour- ishment and refreshment in the pure milk of the healthy cow. “The vegetarian may exploit the advantages of a vegetable diet, but the human appetite, as found in the masses, will con- tinue to crave for the steaks, chops and roasts that are to be se- cured from the hands of the butcher. ** So you see, ny friends and members of the profession, we have many ways to ennoble our calling and my prayer is that every member of our profession will give to it his best work of both mind and heart, being conscious in so doing that the world will be better for his having lived.” Roll-call showed the following veterinarians present :—F. E. Anderson, Findley ; S. E. Bretz, Nevada; J. H. Blattenburg, Lima; O. V. Brumley, Columbus; J. C. Burneson, Wooster ; _E. R. Barnett, Akron ; L. W. Carl, Columbus; W. R. Clark, Wauseon ; E. H. Callender, Zanesville; G. W. Cliffe, Upper Sandusky ; W. E. Clemons, Granville ; P. A. Dillahunt, Spring- field ; G. W. Emery, Greenfield ; H. Fulstow, Norwalk; J. D. Fair, Berlin; W. H. Gribble, Washington C.H. ; T. B. Hillock, Columbus; W. C. Holden, Delphos; R. G. Holland, Welling- ton; R. C. Hill, West Alexandria; W. R. Howe, Dayton; C. E. Inskeep, Urbana; J. E. Johnson, Piqua; T. E. Jones, New- ark; I. W. Johnson, Sidney; F. J. Kyle, Springfield; C.:E. Leist, Columbus; S. D. Myers, Wilmington; R. J. Michener, Lebanon ; J. V. Newton, Toledo; J. W. Price, Lancaster ; E. L. Price, Circleville ; I. A. Ruby, Plymouth ; S. Sisson, Columbus ; F. F. Sheets, Van Wert ; Walter Shaw, Dayton; E. H. Shepard, Cleveland ; W. J. Torrence, Cleveland ; G. R. Teeple, Napoleon ; D. S. White, Columbus; Jos. Wingerter, Akron; I. A. Wynn, Kenton; F. H. Davis, Chicago, I]l.; W. E. Wight and N. Rectewald, of Pittsburg, Pa., as well as a large number of 170 SOCIETY MEETINGS. senior veterinary students, and horsemen, members of the Ohio Horse Breeders’ Association. Minutes of the last annual session were read and approved. PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS. Dr. S. D. Myers, President, then delivered a short address, as follows: ‘(GENTLEMEN :—We are gathered here to-day from all parts of the great Buckeye State to celebrate the nineteenth anniver- sary of the Ohio State Veterinary Medical Association. ‘“We are not gathered here for scientific gain alone, but also to extend a hearty and friendly handclasp with those we have met at former meetings, and, perchance, meet others who have not had the pleasure of being with us before. ‘‘ State associations should receive the support of the veteri- narians, as they have advantages over the national organiza- tions ; for instance, the national associations must of necessity be devoted more and more to sectional work. There are those who are engaged in sanitary work, including meat and milk in- spection. Others are more interested in experiment - station work; and, last, but not least, comes the general practitioner. Each of these three classes must receive special attention. We, as a majority, are classed among the general practitioners, and are enabled in our State association to study conditions that ex- ist in our own State, and that are, therefore, of interest to us all. Again, the State association meetings are usually centrally located, so that as far as distance is concerned, it is possible for all the members to be present, whereas the National Associa- tion’s meeting place moves over such a vast scope of country that it is impracticable to attend all the sessions. ‘During the past year quite a commotion has been created in veterinary and medical circles by the declaration of Prof. Koch at the London Congress, that dovene tuberculosts cannot be communicated to man. The veterinary and medical profes- sions are protesting vigorously against Dr. Koch’s theory. How- ever, we should not overlook the weight of the noted authority’s claims. ‘““We as veterinarians have many things for which to be thankful. We have had a prosperous year, considered from a commerclal standpoint. Business has been plenty during the past year and collections as a rule have been good. It may be of interest here to note the increase in our export of horses and mules, and it is gratifying to know that this increase has not been brought about by declining prices. The exports in 1892 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 171 were 5191; by 1895 the figures had reached 16,499; in 1896, 31,044 were exported; in 1897, 47,006; in 1898, 59,249; in 1899 we dropped back a little, to 52,553; in 1900, 1c 8,091 ; and in IgOI, 116,500 were exported. ‘Another thing for which the veterinary profession has cause to be grateful is the number of new books which the’ veterinarian may add to his library. Some are new, others are recent translations, which are new to most of us. “Again, during the past two years, we have not had to re- cord the death of a member of this association; although the profession at large has lost by death a number of brilliant men, among these being Prof. William Williams, Dr. George Flem- ing, Dr. A. W. Clement, and Dr. R. S. Huidekoper. “The keen interest in the clinics at the last meeting is heartily commended to your attention. They deserve all the encouragement that can be given to them. [I think it proper that they be given an important place on the programme of our meeting. They will act especially as a stimulus toward bring- ing out the younger members of the profession. “We are sorry to say that during our term of office the President and Secretary have been very much handicapped by a great many of the members not answering correspondence. The President and Secretary may have a certain object in view, and in order to accomplish that object, they may have to write sev- eral members. If one of those members fails to reply, the ob- ject aimed at may be lost. This is a serious detriment to the best interest of the association, and it is hoped that some at- tempt at advancement will be made along this line. “We find by referring to our constitution that one of the objects of this association shall be the devising of ways and means by which we may procure the establishment of State laws for the protection of the qualified practitioner. We have no desire to discuss this subject, but if the matter should come up for consideration we would advise, instead of a general dis- cussion by members and non-members as heretofore, that a com- mittee of three or five be appointed to take charge of the matter and report to the association. “We sincerely hope that this meeting will be a successful one. We have been especially fortunate in our surroundings ; a better place to hold our meetings, and especially our clinics, would be hard to find. “In conclusion, we wish to say a word in regard to the pro- gramme. The Secretary and myself have labored diligently to 172 SOCIETY MEETINGS. prepare the programme, and we hope it will be of interest to you all. We have papers and clinics, which with the discus- sions, will consume most of our time. “We would suggest that in order to make things run smoothly, that each one of you, and especially those who are to take part in the programme, make a special effort to be present at the time specified for the opening of the sessions.” SECRETARY'S REPORT. Secretary W. H. Gribble offered the following as his annual report : ‘Mr. PRESIDENT—GENTLEMEN: It may be out of place in a report from the Secretary of such an association as this, to have anything to say except as to the work and finances of the association ; if that be true we owe you anapology for presum- ing upon your time and patience, for we confess in advance to having offered suggestions on matters we think of interest to the veterinary profession of this State, as well as to call your at- tention to some other affairs of special importance bearing directly upon this association itself. I presume first of all that it devolves upon me to explain why we had no semi-annual ses- sion in 1901. Your President and Secretary commenced early writing to members enlisting their assistance for the success of the summer meeting. The answers we received were somewhat like hen’s teeth, few and far between, until your president be- coming considerably discouraged suggested to us that if the at- tendance to the session was likely to be on a par with our cor- . respondence we had better not have any meeting. We were of the same opinion, so took the liberty of writing to each and every officer in reference to the matter asking for a quick reply. The replies received were unanimous in the belief that a semi- annual session would not be a success as so many were intend- ing to attend the meeting of the American Veterinary Associa- tion at Atlantic City, and could not well attend both. This, then, is the reason for no meeting. At once we began again, asking for volunteers to prepare for the present session, but somehow it seemed impossible to arouse any enthusiasm ; other secretaries of associations tell us their members proffer their services and name their subjects, but Ohio veterinarians seem to be lacking in personal confidence; we all know it is not lack of ability; Ohio never lacks that in anything, but never- theless, one writes, ‘I am not sure I shall be able to be with you, and it would be foolish to prepare it and then not be- present,’ but I see him here in the room. Another, ‘1 think SOCIETY MEETINGS. Ws you should ask the older members as I would rather listen than talk, and besides it is not pleasant to be criticised by those longer in the profession than yourself.’ Another : ‘Oh, I never’ could put my ideas on paper, so please excuse me this time; still another says: ‘ Doctor, anything I could prepare would be . so commonplace that if anyone else would write it I shotld feel like laughing at them, hence expect the same feelings towards myself.’ ‘arly in December I sent one hundred postals supplemented with about forty letters, one or more into every county in the State, asking for the names and addresses of the graduate veteri- narians in that particular county. These were sent whenever possible to a member of this association; if none resided in the county then to some known veterinarian, and as a last re- sort to the postmaster asking him to deliver it to the principal veterinary surgeon of that city. Our object was to get the names and addresses of all veterinary graduates possible, so as to mail them a personal invitation to this meeting. From the one hundred and forty communications, less than twenty-five answers were received; now-think of the eacouragement, twenty-four replies from one hundred and forty letters and less than half of this twenty-four were from members of this associa- tion, most of them were from graduates and non-graduates that we had never heard of, and from postmasters who said they knew of no graduate in their county. _ “Tn spite of these discouragements we succeeded in getting together about two hundred names and had we only heard from all our own members who were written to, the number would undoubtedly have been above four hundred, as the cities of Akron, Cleveland and Toledo alone furnished the names of thirty graduates. As the time of the meeting drew nigh more interest was manifested and a very creditable program prepared, which we sincerely hope will be fully carried out with, if pos- sible, some additions. Your secretary believes that the put- ting off of semi-annual meetings is not a wise plan; that meet- ing has always been a migratory one, bringing us into new localities amongst different laborers whose interest was thus awakened in the profession; while the annual meeting being by our by-laws set for Columbus only, makes any labor con- nected with the success of that meeting to devolve always upon the same set of men; if we are to have but one meeting a year let us so amend the by-laws that the annual meeting may be held in whatever city a majority of the members at a previous 174 SOCIETY MEETINGS. meeting see fit to name, and by so doing secure a more equal division of labor and possibly a more general attendance. While personally opposed to this change, I would ask you to consider it, seeing that now for two years our semi-annual meet- ing has been for seeming good reasons revoked. Again we would ask that your next secretary be honored with replies to his correspondence, if it be only a postal card, so that he may know that all his mail is not lost in transit, besides a reply even in the negative is better than no reply at all. We would also call your attention to the non-payment of dues, and what should your secretary do, in his efforts to collect them ; ought he to write each delinquent asking for the several amounts due; and if not paid, mark them on the books as suspended; if this is the correct way, then the secretary should be ordered so to do, so as to avoid remarks as to his presumption of authority. ‘“We note with regret that some of our members are in the so-called patent medicine business, without first withdrawing their membership. ‘‘One uses the pronoun I, about fifty times in his little pamphlet, in which he tells his readers of the amount of patience and study it took to discover his remarkable mixture, and winds up with the remark ‘that we desire to impress our patrons that we understand our DuSiness.! We have another in which in italics it proudly says, ‘ we know our business.’ “ One advertises a liniment, guaranteed to cure any case of lameness that has not assumed a chronic state ; it is chemically correct and bids fair to supersede all other liniments on the market ; (it surely ought to) seeing that it is such a strong anti- septic that it immediately destroys all germs and is valuable in the treatment of all wounds, as well as corns, bunions, ear ache, tooth ache, sore throat, rheumatism, frozen feet, etc. A blister is advertised guaranteed to cure any curable case of lameness ; it is the twentieth century blister par excellence and is truly a wonder worker. A colic cure is guaranteed to cure any case of colic; made up of five ingredients, whose happy combination (according to the ad.) seems to be a stimulant, sedative, astrin- gent, laxative. ‘And for the purpose of further aiding in the relief of sick animals’ (no other reason, of course) one has estab- lished a free information bureau. One would think that the time for such laudatory gush was past; or are Barnum’s words still true, ‘the American people love to be humbugged.’ We are also informed of another who is embarking in the same sort of enterprise, with his colic cure, blister, and condition powders ; SOCIETY MEETINGS. 175 but we have not been honored with any of his literature, and, moreover, are told that he intends to ask for a withdrawal from membership at this session. Is there any explanation for these actions ? do these graduates have no love for their profession from a professional standpoint, or is it for the easy earned dollar alone ? and what makes it doubly peculiar is that two of these men are old and honored members of the profession, and have been members of this association ever since its organization in 1883. ‘“‘ Several veterinarians in Ohio have started into this busi- ness during our residence in the State, but we know of but one who has apparently made it a monetary success, and that is with a so-called stock food ; while we know of several who have lost many hard-earned dollars before they settled back again into regular practice ; but there must be a fascination about it, in which each new-comer imagines himself much smarter than the fellow that just failed; but, gentlemen, for one Gombault’s Caustic Balsam there'll be fifty Elixirs of Life. The spirit of chance-it-once seems to pervade all channels of business ; it seems a pity, in fact excites one’s sorrow, to think that men will educate themselves in an honorable profession, in fact graduate from well known and honored colleges, only to be- come the advertisers of a-pet compound perhaps of some value; or a fvol mixture of no value whatever, when the equal of either could have been found without spending one minute inside the walls of any scientific school. These members have all violated Sec. V., Code of Ethics. There is some rumor of additional veterinary legislation during the pres- ent session of the legislature having especial reference to tuber- culosis; but I do not believe the time to be ripe for a proper consideration of that subject by our law-makers; politics is in the saddle too strong for duty or even business to be justly and honestly attended to, and we had better let the matter rest, if possible, unless we were sure in advance that it could be bet- tered. Under the present law, as I understand it, no cattle are tested by the State unless request is made by the owners. This of itself bars that class of cows we most desire to reach, for the average dairyman is well versed in the common symptoms of the disease through the medium of the dairy and stock journals, and if he has heard one cow cough that settles him from mak- ing any request ; so that practically only herds belonging to the State and county institutions, and such others as their owners have not the remotest suspicion of the disease being among 176 SOCIETY MEETINGS. them, are tested, this latter class using the fact of the test as an advertisement. Be that as it may, the present law may be bet- ter (which is doubtful) than no law at all; but ofttimes, in amending laws, the opposite is produced from that which was anticipated. ‘“We would advise the appointment of a committee whose special duty it would be to try and secure lower railroad rates for our annual meeting. Political gatherings seem to have no trouble in securing reduced rates to Columbus, but agricultur- ists and their kindred associations are seemingly barred or unable to get within the charmed: circle. Of course we were offered the one and one-third rate on the certificate plan, but with that we must guarantee one hundred tickets besides paying for a special agent. Take this week as an example. On the 12th and 13th tickets are sold at half fare (gov- ernor’s inauguration). The United Mine Workers of America meet, commencing to-day, on the one and one-third certificate plan, tickets to be signed the 16th, and may on deposit be extended, good for several days. Then the State Boards of Health Convention, the Ohio Jersey Cattle Club, the State Horse Breeders’ Association, the State Farmers’ Institute, and the Ohio Agricultural Association, as well as ourselves, all meet between Monday and Thursday of the present week in this city, with none of the latter granted any concessions. ‘“No railroad but knows that more than one hundred will be present at these associations, and taking the fact of half fare Monday and the one and one-third fare of the mine workers it would. have produced no hardship to them to have extended that rate three days more ; besides being an advantage to the city of Columbus and a greater attendance at the meetings. If we have a special committee and these associations all meet next year during the same week as they have for years, would it not be easy by concerted action to obtain half rates; or at least one and one-third rates, by uniting and all leaving our tickets at some central location? We believe if all these asso- ciations by united demand cannot influence Columbus to obtain for them cheap railroad rates, their meeting in Dayton or some other central city would soon bring about this desired result. ‘‘In conclusion, we are well pleased to see so many present, as up to a short time ago we were not very sanguine of a successful session, but its success well repays the officers and committees for the labor it has taken to bring this about. ‘The literary program is full and the clinical material on hand is such as to SOCIETY MEETINGS. LY? enable us to demonstrate every operation outlined on program, as well as several others. Twelve applications for membership received, $100 collected; while the expenses of the year were but $40, leaving us a net balance in the treasury of $342. “T thank you for the kindnesses shown us during the past year, which have been many, in spite of our fault finding ; and hope you will accept these remarks simply as suggestions and act upon them as you see fit.” ELECTION OF OFFICERS. Next order of business was the nomination and election of officers to serve for the coming year. Drs. Anderson, Hi!l and White were nominated for President, Dr. Carl First Vice-Presi- dent, Dr. G. Cliffe Second Vice-President and Dr. Newton Third Vice-President ; Dr. Hillock Treasurer, and Dr. Gribble Secre- tary. The ballot for President resulted in the selection of Dr. Anderson. There being but one nominee for each of the other offices, the rules were suspended and the Secretary instructed to cast the ballot of the association for their election. The chair then declared the following to be officers-elect for the year 1902: President—F. E. Anderson, Findley. First Vice-President—L. W. Carl, Columbus. Second ‘ rf G. W. Cliffe, Upper Sandusky. dihicd: »** - J. V. Newton, Toledo. Treasurer—T. B. Hillock, Columbus. Secretary—Wm. H. Gribble, Washington C. H. Quite an amount of correspondence was read, little of which called for the attention of the association. One, a letter from Dr. Cotton, regretting his inability to be present on account of a case in court; another a request from Dr. W. F. Derr, asking to withdraw from the association as he was engaging.in the proprietary medicine business, regretting the necessity, as he had been a member since our organization twenty years ago. Another contained advertising matter, with name of advertisers suppressed ; but which the writer vouched was the advertising material of two of our members. It was of a self-laudatory character and the medicines the quintessence of wonderland. The writer agreed to furnish these advertisements with names of the doctors attached. The busitiess of Dr. Derr being con- trary to our code of ethics, his request was granted. The Sec- retary was instructed to obtain the names of members engaged 178 SOCIETY MEETINGS. in the same business and write them, offering the privilege of withdrawal from membership; or to appear at our next session, and show cause as to why they should not be expelled. PAPERS PRESENTED. The first paper on the programme was read by Dr. Anderson, ‘CA Skim Disease.” * This paper was but little debated, as none but the write1 seemed to have had any such experience. ‘The next paper, ‘ Pneumonia and its Treatment ”’ * was read by Dr. J. D. Fair. This essay was debated at great length, so much so that the chair was compelled to calla halt. ‘The debate showed the greatest extremes of treatment from simple nursing and good air with no medicine, to enormous doses of different stimulating or debilitating drugs, and what surprised some, was that bleed- ing was in vogue by more than one. A short-hand report of this debate would have been well worth the expense. The meeting now adjourned to meet at 7.30 P. M. Evening Session.—The members gathered together at the time agreed upon, but there was no ” President willing to call the meeting to order, owing to a different construction being put to the meaning of Art. IV., Sec. I.—“* They shall assume the réle of their respective offices, with the close of the labor of the session at which they were elected”; one claiming the ses- sion closed with adjournment for supper ; the other, that sesszon meant the whole series of meetings held under one call (this latter was the true intention of the section). We compromised by calling the retiring Vice-President to the chair. Dr. Blattenburg called the meeting to order at 8 P. M. Dr. Michener read the report of a very interesting case. * Considerable discussion as to the probable cause. ‘“Ohio Combatting Tuberculosis” was the title of a paper by Dr. J.C. Burneson. * This was well discussed, as all such mat- ters are at present, the discussion leading to the recent state- ments of Prof. Koch, and their rebuttal by others, as well as to the legislation controlling the disease in this State, of which practically there is none. Dr. H. Fulstow (on the programme for the operation of ovari- otomy of the mare) now read a paper reporting his cases and describing the operation of vaginal ovariotomy.* Several ques- tions were asked, but the discussion was deferred until during the operation, on to-morrow. * Will be published in an early issue of the REVIEW. SOCIETY MEETINGS. 179 Dr. Howe now took the floor and delivered excellent eulo- gies to the memories of Dr. A. W. Clement and Dr. Rush S. Huidekoper, after which a resolution was adopted appointing a committee of three to draft suitable resolutions of respect upon the loss of both. W. R. Howe, L. W. Carl, W. J. Torrence, committee. The chair appointed Drs. Hill, Dillahunt and Cliffe a com- mittee to audit the books of the Secretary and Treasurer ; after which we adjourned to meet at 8 a. M. at the Veterinary Hos- pital prepared for work at the clinics. THE SURGICAL CLINIC. Jan. 15, 1902.—Met at the Veterinary Hospital at 8 a. M. with plenty of clinical material and no lagging of operators, each and every one being on time ready and willing to operate, and while operating described in detail each step of the opera- tion and answered any questions asked of them; so that the clinics were really a pleasure as well as instructive. Two bitches were spayed by Drs. Anderson and Cliffe. Dr. Torrence performed plantar neurotomy on both front limbs of a gentleman’s driving horse. Dr. Myers explained his throwing harness and demon- strated the ease with which he could throw and conveniently confine the animal; he also demonstrated his method of oper- ating and firing an old quarter-crack, the firing being deep and in the form of a half circle, with the convexity downward. Dr. Shaw operated on an old roarer under complete anzes- thesia, all taking a peep at the exposed vocal organs. Stringhalt was explained, as well as the operation for its re- lief ; and the operation of peroneal tenotomy, performed by Dr. Blattenburg. Dr. Hillock performed cunean tenotomy, an easy operation on aclean hock, but we have found it more than once to be quite difficult when a bony spavin was present, and we believe the operation to be of little value unless anchylosis has taken place and the lameness is due to friction on the cunean tendon. Operations of minor importance were either explained or performed by other members; but the main interest seemed to be centred on vaginal ovariotomy on the mare by Dr. Fulstow. The mare was given chloral hydrate; confined only with twitch and foot hobbles, and standing at one end of a large op- erating room, a rope stretched across the rooin back of the mare with no one inside the ring but the operator and twitch-holder, making an ideal position for all to see (what little of the oper- 180 SOCIETY MEETINGS, ation can be seen) the different steps of the operation, which the operator freely explained as he went along, and also invited each that so desired to pass his arm into the vagina and find the incision. At the close of the clinics the unanimous applause showed that they had been a complete success, which, in itself, repaid the committee and officers for their time and trouble and many were the expressions “let us have more of them.” One peculiarity of the clinics was the different strengths and weights of throwing apparatuses; one was used that we doubt weighed to exceed one or one and one-half pounds and could be carried in the coat pocket; another that weighed not less than twenty-five pounds with 34-inch rope and double stitched leather. The former was considered unsafe, but their owner vouched for their strength, applied them himself on the mare and they proved sufficient. Session now reconvened, with Dr. Blattenburg in the chair. Dr. E. R. Barnett, of Akron, applied for reinstatement, and saine was granted. NEW MEMBERS. New members proposed were: Prof. S. Sisson, Columbus (O. V. C. 1891); vouchers, Walter Shaw and Sidney Myers. J. C. Burneson, Wooster (O. V. C. 1891); vouchers, L. W. Carl and Walter Shaw. F. J. Kyle, Springfield (O. V. C. 1891); vouchers, Walter Shaw and L. W. Carl. W. E. Clemons, Granville (O. V. C. 1890); vouchers, L. W. Carl and T. B. Hillock. H. J. Carpenter, Lima (O. V. C.); vouchers, J. H. Blatten- burg and W. H. Gribble. E. H. Callender, Zanesville (O. V. C. 1891); vouchers, L. W. Carl and W. H. Gribble. F. F. Sheets, Van: Wert (O. V..C. 1891) vouchersiaimeae Blattenburg and G. R. Teeple. J. A. Wynn, Kenton (O. V. C. 1895); vouchers, L. W.: Carl and Wm. R. Howe. Jos. Wingester, Akron (O. V. C. 1895); vouchers, Walter Shaw and E. R. Barnett. W. R. Clark, Wauseon (O. V. C. 1898); vouchers, G. R. Teeple and J. H. Blattenburg. J. E. Johnson, Piqua (O. V. C. 1896); vouchers, R. C. Hill and S. Sisson. SOCIETY MEETINGS. 181 C. KE. Inskeep, Urbana (O. V. C. 1895) ; vouchers, R. C. Hill and §S. Sisson. The full list was read by the Secretary and no objection be- ing offered, the rules were suspended and the candidates elected to membership. All being present except Dr. Carpenter, each in turn offered a few appropriate remarks. ‘The special com- mittee appointed to draft suitable resolutions on the deaths of Drs. Huidekoper and Clements offered the following : “WHEREAS, We learn with regret of the recent death of Dr. ALBERT W. CLEMENT, of Baltimore, Maryiand, a fellow practitioner, who by reason of the successful manner in which he has practiced in his chosen profession for so many years, has established himself in our memories, and whom we wish to venerate as a man and as a fellow practitioner, and ‘““ WHEREAS, It has pleased the Omnipotent God to take from our profession such a noble, earnest, and valuable member, and ‘“ WHEREAS, The Ohio State Veterinary Medical Associa- tion deeply deplores the loss of such a highly educated man, yet we feel that it is our duty to submit to the manifestations of wisdom of the Almighty God, and we therefore “ Resolve, ‘That the sincere sympathy of this Association be extended to his bereaved widow and family, and “« Resolve, That.a copy of these resolutions be sent to his widow, that a copy be spread on the books of this Association and that copies be sent to veterinary journals for publication. “Wn. R. HOWE, hae Wie CART. > Committee.” ‘OW. J. TORRENCE. } “The Ohio State Veterinary Medical Association feels, in common with all veterinarians throughout the United States, a desire to pay its tribute of respect to the memory of the late DR. RuSH SHIPPEN HUIDEKOPER, who was not only a leader in thought, but also a foremost leader in action for the cause of the science to which he had turned out of pure love of the brute creation, and out of a sincere desire to alleviate the sufferings of the duinb friends of man. “To such a supremely elevated character, adorned as he was with all that the advanced thought and skill of scientific re- search and expert knowledge could confer, both as regards the general practice of medicine and surgery and the equally benefi- cent practice of animal pathology, mere words fail to convey a full appreciation of the measured thought of his value to the 182 SOCIETY MEETINGS. world, to the profession and to his family, and especially to us as an organization working to dignify and elevate the profession which he so richly endowed by means of his vast knowledge and his sturdy activities. ‘“ Had Dr. Huidekoper done nothing more than what he ac- complished in his splendid struggle for Congressional recogni- tion of the veterinary profession in its relation to the military arm of the government, veterinarians everywhere would owe him a debt of grateful remembrance which no language could express ; but he did far more than that, as we of the inner cir- cle can testify ; and therefore it is that we thus make known our desire to place upon the records of this association this per- manent tribute to his memory, and to “ Resolve, That in the death of Dr. Huidekoper the veterin- arians of America have lost a noble champion of their cause both in military and civil life, and the profession wiil feel keenly the loss of one of its greatest exponents and practition- ers; and it is further “ Resolved, That a copy of this memorial be spread on the minutes of this association, and also that copies be sent to the veterinary journals for publication. ‘Wn. R. HOwE, ) Tr, W. CArr ie “W. J. TORRENCE, The special committee appointed to audit the books of the association offered the following report, which was duly accepted : “We, the undersigned committee, appointed to audit the books of this association, find the accounts correct and a bal- ance in the hands of the Treasurer of $342.29, including all re- ceipts and expenditures to date. RC eee “Pp, A. DIZLAnUNGS ““G. W. CLIFFE, “« Committee.” Committee.” STANDING COMMITTEES. President F. E. Anderson appointed the following standing committees : Contagious Diseases.—Sidney D. Myers, J. C. Burneson, EH. H. Shepard. Veterinary Progress.x—David S. White, G. W. Cliffe, Wal- ter Shaw. In selecting a meeting place for the semi-annual session, SOCIETY MEETINGS, 183 Toledo, Ohio, was the choice ; the exact date to be determined by Dr. Newton and the Secretary. The following resolution was offered, and on motion adopted : “« Resolved, That votes of thanks be tendered the officers of the University for the favors shown us, and especially those connected with the Veterinary Department, in allowing the use of hospital, instruments, material, etc. To our President, Secre- tary and special local Committee on Arrangements (O. V. Brum- ley, L. W. Carl, T. B. Hillock) for their untiring efforts in pre- paring such acreditable programme. To the members who read papers, and to those who performed operations, for their neces- sary assistance ; for it was to these, taken as a whole, that en- abled this session to be made a clinical, literary and social success.” The meeting now adjourned, to meet again at the call of the Secretary, and as each wended his way homeward he felt that his trip had not been in vain ; he had been well paid for his ex- pense and time, and those who had failed to attend had missed one of the best meetings of the Ohio State Veterinary Medical Association. Wo. H. GRIBBLE, D. V. S., Secretary. ILLINOIS STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL, ASSOCIA- TION: The twentieth semi-annual meeting was held at the Hotel Fey, Peoria, Ill., February 19, 1902, and was called to order by President Joseph Hughes. The following members were present: Drs. Albert Babb, Springfield; L. C. Tiffany, Springfield; D. E. Kinsella, Chil- licothe; J. T.. Nattress, Delavan ; F. H. Ames, Canton; M. A. Storry, Bradford; N. J. Stringer, Walseka; T. J. Gunning, Ne- ponset ; H. A. Pressler, Fairbury; C. D. Hartman, Peoria; C. J. List, Havana ; John Scott, Peoria ; W. H. Welch, Lexington ; A. C. Worms, E. L. Quitman, Joseph Hughes, Chicago; Jas. Smellie, Eureka. Visitors: Drs. M. C. Eckley, Galesburg ; FE. D. Yerion, Elmwood ; Jas. Wood, Pekin, and Mr. Louie Rierz, representing Sutcliff & Case, of Peoria. The minutes of the last meeting were read and approved. The following applications were received and on motion were duly elected to membership: Dr. L. C. Tiffany, vouchers, Drs. John Scott and T. J. Gunning; Dr. D. E. Kinsella, vouchers, Drs. John Scott and Jos. Hughes. 184 SOCIETY MEETINGS. Receipts during meeting, $13.00. Bulls for stationery and Secretary’s fee, for $40.50, were audited and ordered paid. Re- port of Treasurer showed a balance ot $42.85 on hand. Mr. Rierz, on behalf of the drug firm of Sutcliff & Case, extended an invitation to the association to visit their elegant establishment, which was accepted and the meeting adjourned until I P. M. Dr. Nattress read a report of the following cases: “‘ Trephin- ing Both Sinuses,” ‘‘ Amputation of Rectum,” also a remarkable recovery of a dog with leg nearly cut off. Discussed by Drs. List, Quitman and Worms. Dr. Tiffany gave a splendid talk on “ The So-called Corn- stalk Disease.”’ The following resolutions were offered and passed unani- mously : “ Resolved, That the Illinois State Veterinary Medical As- sociation, in session at Peoria, Feb. 19, 1902, does hereby pro- test against the custom of compelling graduates of recognized three-year colleges to pass the examination before the State Board of Veterinary Examiners. Also, ‘‘ Resolved, ‘That we do hereby protest against any professor or instructor connected with any veterinary college in the State serving on the Board of Veterinary Examiners.” The Secretary was instructed to submit the above resolutions to the appropriate boards. The association reconvened at I P. M. Dr. Albert Babb read an unusually interesting paper on “The Business Relations of the Veterinarian.”* Discussed by Drs. Quitman, Stringer, Worms, Scott and Hughes. Dr. H. A. Pressler read a paper on ‘“‘A Peculiar Complica- tion of Strangles.’”’ Discussed by Drs. Stringer, Quitman, List and Hughes. Dr. F. H. Ames read the “Reports of Cases,” which were very interesting. (1) A peculiar growth below stifle of cow ; (2) A case of retained foetus in womb; (3) A schirrous cord. Discussed by Drs. Stringer, Gunning, Nattress and Welch. Sec. I., Article II., of By Laws was changed to read ‘‘ Decem- ber” instead of ‘‘ November.” Meeting adjourned to meet in Chicago in December at the call of the President. W. H. WELCH, Secretary. * Will be published in an early number of the REVIEW SOCIETY MEETINGS. 185 WISCONSIN SOCIETY OF VETERINARY GRADUATES. The annual meeting was held at Madison, March 5, at two o’clock P. M., and was called to order by the President, Dr. C. HE. Evans. Those present were Drs. W. G. Clark, B. L. Fos- cece. Ul. Hattwig, R.S. Heere, J. T. Hernsheim, L. N. Jargo, © Gd: Leech, EH. A. McCullough, A. J. Nelson, F. J. Roub, E. D. Roberts, D. Roberts and $. S. Snyder. Visitors were Drs. George EH. Allen, Ft. Atkinson, M. H. Reynolds and Dr. S. D. Brimhall, of Minneapolis, Minn. The Secretary’s and Treasurer’s reports were read and ac- cepted. It was moved and seconded that the chair appoint a com- mittee to draw resolutions on the death of Dr. C. H. Or- mond. Carried. The President appointed Drs. D. Roberts, Hernsheim and Snyder. The terms of Drs. Clute and Leech on Committee on Legis- lation having expired, it was decided that the chair appoint members to fill vacancies. The application for membership of Dr. A. H. Beckwith, Shullsburg, Wis., was reported favorably, and on motion he was declared elected. Dr. G. Ed. Leech, having removed to Winona, Minn., re- quested an honorary membership. On motion, the application was granted. Dr. F. J. Roub read a report on ‘ Poisoning by Sinapis Nigra,”* which was discussed by Dr. D. Roberts. Dr. Beattie reported a siinilar case. On motion, a vote of thanks was tendered the essayist. On motion, the society proceeded to the election of officers, which resulted as follows: President—Dr. F. J. Roub, of Monroe. Vice-President—Dr. R. S. Heere. Secretary—Dr. S. Beattie. Treasurer—Dr. S. S. Snyder. Board of Censors—Drs. B. L. Clark, A. J. Nelson, and H. P. Clute. On motion the society adjourned to meet at 7.30 P. M. Reconvened at 7.30 P.M. The President appointed Dr. R. H. Harrison to fill vacancy of Dr. C. H. Ormond in revisionary committee and Dr. S. Beattie to fill vacancy of Dr. G. Ed. Leech on Committee on Legislation. * Will be published in an early issue of the REVIEW. 186 SOCIETY MEETINGS. On motion, Dr. Ormond was placed on honorary member roll. Dr. W..G. Clark read a paper by Dr. J. M. O’Reilley on “The Use of Eserine in the Treatment of Colic in the Horse.” On motion discussion closed until next meeting, as essayist was absent. Drs. M. H. Reynolds and S. D. Brimhall, of Minneapolis, Minn., were present in behalf of the American Veterinary Med- ical Association, and addressed the meeting, extending invita- tions to our society to attend that meeting to be held at Minne- apolis, September 2 to 4, 1902. It was moved and seconded that the Secretary send each member of our association an invitation to attend the American Veterinary Medical Association meeting. Carried. The veterinary laws of Wisconsin were discussed by several members, and it was moved and seconded that the Committee on Legislation frame a bill for a State board, this bill to be pre- sented at our next meeting. Carried. It was moved and seconded that a committee consisting of Drs. Clute, Roberts and Harrison be appointed to furnish clin- ical material for our next meeting at Milwaukee. Carried. Resolutions on the death of C. H. Ormond, of Milwaukee, were read as follows: WHEREAS, It has pleased the Almighty to remove from our midst our esteemed member, Chas. H. Ormond, and WHEREAS, The intimate relation and business intercourse with him have been most pleasant, makes it befitting that we publicly record our appreciation of him ; therefore, be it Resolved, That in the loss of C. H. Ormond we lose a friend and valued member of our association and profession. There- fore, be it | Resolved, That the deep sympathy of this association be ex- tended to his relations and friends; and be it further Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be forwarded to his relations, spread upon our records, and published in the veterinary journals. On motion the society adjourned to meet at Milwaukee sub- ject to the call of the President and Secretary. S. BEATTIE, Secretary. ‘Tl THINK THE REVIEW IS NEEDED by every practising vet- erinarian to keep posted on all progress in medicine.”—(/. &. Thomas, V. S., Powhatan, Ohio.) SOCIETY MEETINGS. 18% MAINE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. The quarterly meeting of this association was held in Water- ville, Maine, April 9th, 1902, at the home of Dr. A. Joly, with President Dr. I. L. Salley in the chair. Owing to the very disagreeable weather and great distance - many of the members have to travel in order to attend the meet- ings, the attendance was not very large; nevertheless Drs. Salley, West, Joly, Freeman and Blakely answered to the roll. The minutes of the previous meeting were read and ap- proved. Letters of regret for not being able to attend were received from Dr. F. I). Russell and Dr. J. A. Ness. Under the head of new business the discussion of a veteri- nary bill was taken up and Dr. Joly made a motion that the President appoint a Committee on Legislation to consist of eleven members, including the President, to carefully con- sider and draw up plans for presenting a veterinary bill before the next legislature. The motion being seconded by Dr. West, the President ap- pointed the following members on that committee: Drs. Rus- sell, Huntington, West, Perry, Goddard, Freeman, Purcell, L. S. Cleaves, Joly and Blakely. Although the association, in their endeavors to secure the passage of a veterinary bill, have failed time and time again, the members are still unwilling to believe that it is an impossi- bility, and they intend to try again with renewed vigor and courage, believing that if every member will do his duty, suc- cess will crown their efforts. The last thing in order being the reading of papers, the members had the pleasure of listening to a paper by Dr. W. L. West, of Belfast, entitled, ‘‘ A Plea for More Careful Diagnoses.” The subject was treated in a masterly way and the doctor de- serves great credit for the manner in which he handled the subject. The association voted to extend a “vote of thanks” to Dr. West for his efforts, and the hour being late, the mem- bers decided to adjourn after concluding to meet in Northport, Maine, on July oth, 19002. C. L. BLAKELY, M. D. V., See. NEW ENGLAND ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY COLLEGE. The annual meeting and banquet was held April 19, at 6 P. M., at the Copley Square Hotel, Boston, Mass., and a very en- joyable reunion took place. Dr. Madison Bunker, ’81, of New- 188 SOCIETY MEETINGS. ton, Mass., occupied the head of the table; upon his right was Prof. Andrew Smith, of Toronto, Can., and Austin Peters, ’83, of Jamaica Plain, Mass., while to the left were Profs. James L. Robertson, ’76, and Roscoe R. Bell, ’87, of New York. On either side of the long table were seated John F. Winchester, ’78 (President of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, of Lawrence, Mass. ; Lester H. Howard, ’82, of Boston ; George P. Penniman, 77, of Worcester, Mass. ; W. L. LaBaw, ’9o0, of Bos- ton; W. H. Dodge, ’92, of Leominster, Mass. ; W. A. Sherman, 81, of Lowell, Mass. ; C. H. Tilton, Jr., ’96, of Ashland, Mass. ; John J. Riordon, ’94, of Beverley Farms, Mass. ; and Charles L. Adams, ’96, of Danielson, Conn. Addresses were made by Profs. Robertson, Bell and Smith, following which Dr. Win- chester delivered a short history of veterinary education in America,* which was much enjoyed, and Dr. Peters detailed the condition of the contagious diseases of animals laws and regu- lations in the Bay State. Following this Dr. Penniman told of the early efforts at education in this country, and paid a tribute to the memory of the late Prof. Dadd, of Boston ; among other things how he met a very heroic death ; after saving seven lives from drowning, he lost his own. Drs. Howard and LaBaw also spoke in a pleasing manner, while each one present had a good word to say of their alma mater and the perpetuation of her memory through associations like this. When the meeting finally dissolved at 10 o’clock the guests and most of the mem- bers repaired to the Horse Show, which was in progress, and enjoyed the occasion very much. It was by far the most enjoy- able reunion which the association has ever held, and will do much toward making the next one more largely attended. ALLEGHENY COUNTY VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. This young association held well attended monthly meetings during the winter, and accomplished much good committee work, especially in efforts to adopt and establish a scale of fees or charges for professional visits and surgical operations. It was claimed some parties were making a practice of dividing fees with coachmen and others were charging less than custom- ary in this locality. Drs. Gearhart, Richards, Spindler and Waugh were ap- * We secured the Doctor’s notes upon this subject and will publish them in an early number of the REVIEW. SOCIETY MEETINGS. 189 pointed a committee on resolutions on the death of the late Dr. R. S. Huidekoper. Drs. Boyd and Spindler presented excellent papers and re- ported interesting cases in practice. Dr. A. Leteve, of Magee Pathological Institute, Mercy Hos- pital, delivered a very interesting and instructive lecture on the latest facts relating to tetanus, including serum therapy combi- nations, giving favorable results. Drs. McNeil, Meyer and Waugh indulged in general discussion, and Dr. Leteve kindly answered many inquiries. JAMES A. WAUGH, V. S., Secretary. ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF THE NEW YORK AMERI- CAN VETERINARY COLLEGE. This association met during the afternoon of April 1 in the lecture room of the college, and transacted routine business, with the election of officers. In the evening a banquet was held at the Hotel Marl- borough, 36th Street and Broadway, with a large number in attendance, including delegations from Massachusetts, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland and other points. It was prob- ably one of the largest and most enjoyable reunions ever held by this association or the ones from whichit sprung. Dr. Wm. J. Coates, dean pro tem. of the college, acted as toastmaster, and he seemed to have received an inspiration from the God of Mirth, for he spoke in the happiest strain and each introduction of a speaker was the occasion for a witty sally at the prospec- tive orator, putting the entire company in a pleasant humor and adding much to the pleasure of the occasion. When the cigars were served the toastmaster introduced the Chancellor, Dr. H. M. MacCracken, who responded to the sub- ject of‘ Universities,” in which he spoke words of encourage- ment to the alumni of the Veterinary Department of New York University, telling them of the efforts being made by the parent in behalf of its offspring, and assuring them that nothing would be left undone to place the veterinary school upon a successful basis. Then Dr. Munn, the veterinarians’ good friend, told about ‘“‘ Veterinary Education” in a broad sense, and Prof. J. L. Robertson spoke feelingly upon ‘ Veterinary Science.” Dr. Robert W. Ellis elucidated the subject of ‘‘ Alumni,” and Prof. H. D. Gill took up the cause of the ‘“‘ Faculty”’ and spoke from the standpoint of a member, while the versatile Dr. W. Horace 190 SOCIETY MEETINGS. Hoskins did full justice to the cause of “ Journalism,” saying among other things, that he hoped to see medical periodicals eliminate the editorial page entirely, filling the journal with good original articles and ailowing the reader to draw his own conclusions. We rather imagine that such a publication would be too dry for American readers, and besides many advances in medicine and in the welfare of the profession are brought about through judicious and wise editorial treatment. Dr. Wm. Herbert Lowe was thoroughly qualified to speak upon the sub- ject of “‘ Legislation,” and he told the members about the suc- cessful efforts of New Jersey in that direction. Following Dr. Lowe’s address, Dr. Roscoe R. Bell spoke to the toast of ‘‘ New Remedies,” and then the toastmaster called upon the various diners, who responded in brief and in a pleasing manner. Among these were Drs. Lellman, Satterlee, Ackerman, Howard, Glennon, Shorey, Deronde, Miller, Hasslock, Cramer, Mc’Tam- many, Burns, T. E. Smith, and Ferster. When the banquet broke up at 12 o’clock it was with the feeling that a most en- joyable reunion of the alumnz had taken place. AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. The membership of the A. V. M. A. is taking general inter- est in the meeting to be held in Minneapolis next September, and the following have offered contributions for the programme : Dr. F. Torrence, Manitoba; J. S. Anderson, Nebraska; T. D. Hinebauch, North Dakota ; W. Horace Hoskins, Pennsylvania ; M. E. Knowles, Montana; C. A. Carey, Alabama; N. S. Mayo, Kansas; C. E. Ellis, Missouri; E. A. A. Grange, New York. The Secretary hopes that all those who have something of value to contribute will communicate with him at the earliest possible moment, that he may arrange a most attractive pro- gramine. The local Committee of Arrangements has selected the West Hotel for official headquarters of the meeting, and as the Minne- sota State Fair will be held in Minneapolis during the same week it will be advisable for the membership to make mee ar- rangements for rooms. NEW JERSEY STATE BOARD OF VETERINARY MED- ICAL EXAMINERS. Governor Murphy has appointed the following Board to act under the new law: Dr. William Herbert Lowe, Paterson (Passaic County); Dr. T. Earle Budd, Orange (Essex County) ; SOCIETY MEETINGS. 191 Dr. T. EK. Smith, Jersey City (Hudson County); Dr. Thos. B. Rogers, Woodbury (Gloucester County); Dr. Whitfield Gray, Newton (Sussex County). The Board will hold its first meeting at the Capital build- ing in Trenton on the first Monday in May (May sth). CONNECTICUT VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIA- ALIGN. The regular annual meeting was held at the Hotel Hartford, at Hartford, Tuesday, February 4th, 1902, afternoon and even- ing. Dr. E. C. Ross, the President, called the meeting to order at 3 o'clock. The following veterinarians were present: J/em- bers—Drs. Ross, Lyman, Jackson, Devereau, Witte, Crowley, Whitney, Hyde, Atwood, Keeley, Bland, Bates, Dow, and Don- aldson. Vzsttors—Drs. Parkinson, Ingram, McGuire, and Fin- negan, also Mr. St. Johns of the Hartford Times. The minutes of the last meeting were read and ordered ac- cepted as written. The Secretary was instructed to correspond with Gibson & Co., of New York, relative to the association’s stone for print- ing certificates. Motion was made and carried to give Dr. L. Y. Ketcham, formerly of Woodbury, Conn., a demit, and the Secretary issued same. Motion made by Dr. Bland, seconded by Dr. Hyde, that those veterinarians present that are not members of the associa- tion and are eligible to become members, shall be admitted to free membership upon writing an application of such to the Secretary and depositing one dollar with him. Motion carried. Drs. Ingram, McGuire, Parkinson and Finnegan were ad- mitted to membership upon the strength of above motion. Motion made by Dr. Hyde that the changes proposed in the By-Laws at the last meeting be adopted as read from the records, seconded by Dr. Witte. This motion was amended to read: “If the President and Secretary should think it advisable, they should first submit the changes to some competent lawyer to learn if the alterations have been made in a legal manner. Motion carried. Motion made by Dr. Hyde and seconded by Dr. Ingram, that Art. IV be continued on the table until the ‘next meeting. Motion carried. Motion made by Dr. Lyman, seconded by Dr. Bland, that 192 SOCIETY MEETINGS. the candidates before signing the Constitution and By-Laws shall present to the Secretary the Treasurer’s receipt for his in- itiation fee of one dollar ; and for his certificate of membership shall pay an additional fee, hereafter to be provided for, that shall defray the expenses incurred in the issuing of such cer- tificate as may be provided by this association for members. Motion carried. Treasurer’s report was read by Dr. Whitney, and it was voted to adopt the report as presented. Motion was made by Dr. Bland and seconded by Dr. Ingram that this association adopt resolutions upon the death of Dr. Huidekoper, of Philadelphia, and Dr. Prophet, of Suffield, and that these resolutions be sent to the veterinary journals * and placed on the records of the association, and that the Secretary be instructed to draw up said resolutions. Motion carried. Dr. J. F. Ladue, of New Haven, made application for mem- beship. Vouched for by Dr. Whitney. Dr. Ladue was found to be qualified by board of censors and admitted to membership. Dr. E. H. Lehnert, of the Connecticut Agricultural College, at Storrs, made application for membership. Vouched for by Dr. Lyman. Secretary was instructed to inform Dr. Lehnert that if he would send the necessary fee he would be enrolled as a member. Neither the President, Dr. Ross, nor Dr. Lyman, the Secre- tary, could be induced to accept renomination, though it was the earnest wish of all the members present that they should serve for another year. The election of officers resulted as follows: President—Dr. Andrew Hyde, Norwalk. First Vice-President—Dr. Thomas Bland, Waterbury. Second Vice-President—Dr. Harrison Whitney, New Haven. Secretary—Dr. B. K. Dow, Willimantic. Treasurer—Dr. E. C. Ross, New Haven. Board of Censors: Drs. H. E. Bates, S: Noswalkcaia Keeley, Waterbury; F. A. Ingram, Hartford ; G. H. McGuire ; : New Britain : R. D. Martin, Bridgeport. It was voted to hold the next meeting of the association at Hartford the first Tuesday in August. Dr. Whitney mentioned that Dr. Nathan Tibbals wanted to dispose of his library of veterinary works, and as Dr. Mayo, who had had the matter in hand had discontinued his services * Published in March REVIEW. NEWS AND ITEMS. 193 at Storrs, Dr. Whitney was instructed to correspond with Dr. Lehnert relative to the library. A recess of ten minutes was declared. After the recess Dr. Hyde read a paper on “ Milk Inspection,” * the discussion of which was left over, as well as the other papers, until the next meeting. Motion made and seconded that meeting adjourn, which was done. B. K. Dow, Secretary. NEWS AND ITEMS. GREAT BRITAIN, it is stated, has spent $25,000,000 in this country for. horses and mules. Dr. ELISHU HANSHEW, of Brooklyn, N. Y., has purchased and occupied a new infirmary at 125 and 127 Carlton Avenue. Dr. GEORGE H. BERNS, of Brooklyn, N. Y., is taking the spring bacteriological course at the Hoagland Laboratory, in that city. Dr. JOHN M. PARKER, formerly of Haverhill, Mass., is serving the British government in a responsible veterinary po- sition in charge of remounts in Cape Colony, South Africa. “LORD BRILLIANT,” Dr. John L. Wentz’s grand little high stepper, received his gooth blue ribbon at the Boston Horse Show on April 19, and his 60th championship. He was pur- chased a few years ago for $145. DR. WILLIAM SHEPPARD, of Sheepshead Bay, N. Y., acted as veterinarian to the recent Brooklyn Horse Show, and Drs. Howard, Plaskett, and Blackwood acted ina similar capacity for the Boston Show, while Prof. Andrew Smith officiated at the latter exhibition as one of the judges. So FAR AS WE KNOW, New Jersey holds the record for celer- ity in passing a veterinary regulating law. The bill was in- troduced Feb. 17 and was approved by the Governor on March 17 (just one short month). ‘‘ PARTURIENT PARALYSIS”? is the subject of Bulletin No. 21 of the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, prepared by Dr. Charles F. Dawson, Station Veterinarian, and recommends the Schmidt treatment, with full directions, at the same time con- demning all forms of drenching. Dr. CoLtEMAN, NockoLps, Ist. class Vet., U. S. Army, Batangas, Philippines, has been seriously ill with dysentery, but is much better. He employed his convalescent period in pre- * Published in March and April numbers of REVIEW. 194 NEWS AND ITEMS. paring an excellent paper on ‘‘Some Wounds of War,” for RE- VIEW readers. ‘The first installment has been received, and will soon begin publication. Dr. PETERS APPOINTED CHIEF OF MASSACHUSETTS CATTLE BuREAU.—*‘ Dr. Austin Peters, chairman of the late Cattle Com- mission, now becomes Dr. Austin Peters, Chief of the Cattle Bureau of the State Board of Agriculture. Itis a case of anold head with a new title and a new office, and it is reasonably safe to anticipate that the functions of the new office will be dis- charged with the same skill and fidelity as characterized the conduct of the old one. ‘This is the first appointment under Gov. Crane’s consolidation programme, and it will do for a sample.” —( Boston Herald, March 27.) Just WHAT SHOULD BE DonE.—“ Of course, you get lots of suggestions how to runa journal. Now, original articles and papers read at the different society meetings are very interesting and often valuable, but these often contain the opinions of the individual practitioner. If it were possible, the opinions and experiences of those practitioners who enter into the discussions of the many papers would be of immense benefit and a source of great information to your subscribers. It seems to me that if a suggestion were given to the secretaries of the different associa- tions, many of them would go to the pains of noting the most important features of these discussions and so enhance the value of your journal immensely.” —(A..S. Williams, Marysville, Cal.) Mr. A. S. SHEALY, who has been assisting Dr. G. E. Nesom, Veterinarian to the South Carolina Experiment Station, at Clem- son College, S. C., for the past year, has secured leave of ab- sence for the coming year to finish his course at the Iowa State College. His place will be vacant after Sept. rst, 1902, and it is desired that an assistant be employed to fill the vacancy by the first of June. The position may prove permanent. The work consists of State inspection of diseased animals, experi- ment station work and teaching in the short course in veterin- ary medicine. The salary has not been definitely decided, but will pay a fair salary for the right man. ‘“As LONG AS A FLOUR BARREL.”—It is probable that at first thought most persons would be inclined to doubt the ac- curacy of the old saying that a horse’s head is as long asa flour barrel. Flour barrels vary somewhat in length. Some are made stouter and shorter, some slender and a little higher. An aver- age flour barrel is about twenty-nine inches in height. ‘Three horses were measured. One of these horses was said to have NEWS AND ITEMS. 195 rather a large head for its size ; it wasn’t a very big horse. This horse’s head, exclusive of the ears, measured 28 inches in length. The heads of the two other horses, which were of an average size, with average heads, measured, one, 27 inches, the other 27% inches. So that it appears that the old saying is substan- tially true. THE Hoop Farm, near Lowell, Mass., probably the most extensive home of prize-winning Jersey cattle in America, was visited by a party of veterinarians, including Profs. J. L. Robert- son and Roscoe R. Bell, Drs. J. F. Winchester and W. A. Sher- man, on April 20th. Dr. Sherman is veterinarian to the farm, and his guests were shown much couriesy by the Superintendent, Mr. Carpenter, who had caused to be prepared a delicious luncheon for them, after which every detail of the establishment was gone through, including the extensive piggery of some 300 Berkshires. The systems of feeding and care are as near per- fect as it is possible to get them, and the sanitation and ventila- tion are more carefully and intelligently arranged than we have ever seen. Visitors are always welcome, and it is very well worth a long journey to behold. ERRATA.—In the article on ‘Milk Inspection,” by Dr. Andrew Hyde, of Norwich, Conn., published in the REVIEW for March and April, the following errors are noted by the author: In March REVIEW :—(a) On page 977 in second para- graph next to last line, the word “necessity”? should be zeces- sities ; (6) In line 5, page 980, ‘‘dairymen ” should be dazryman ; (c) The apostrophe overt ‘‘cow’s”’ in line 2, paragraph 2, page 982, should have been omitted and a comma placed after cows. April REVIEW :—(a) Page 11, paragraph 5,-line 5, ‘‘ 33 per cent.” should be 3.3 fer cent. of casein and albumine; (4) Page 15, in third line of “Test for Formalin,” the word “race” should have been ¢vace ; (c) The quotation marks enclosing the heading “How to Examine Milk,” page 11, are unnecessary ; the same applies to heading ‘‘ Preventive Inspection,” page 16. Dr. KocuH DISPROVED BY A HIGH AUTHORITY.—The fol- lowing dispatch was published in the press of the country as the REVIEW went to press: “ Berlin, April 30.—Advance sheets of Professor Behring’s forthcoming book on tuberculosis in cattle were available here to-day. From these sheets it is seen that in his book the professor details the results of six years’ investi- gations assisted by Drs. Ruppel and Roemer. Professor Behr- ing affirms that tuberculosis in man and cattle is propagated by identical bacilli, and that the seeming differences between the 196 NEWS AND ITEMS. human and the cattle bacilli result from the capacity of the bacilli to accommodate themselves to the organism in which they live. The writer explains the process by which he reaches the conclu- sion that chemically and physiologically, the tubercle bacilli in man and cattle are of the same species. Professor Behring says he has successfully infected cattle with virus from humans, pro- ducing thereby fatal animal tuberculosis. He also says he has discovered a method to render cattle immune against tuberculo- sis, which is done by vaccinating them when young. This he de- clares to be his greatest discovery, and says the methoa is already in use. He alluded to this method of inoculating cattle in his speech at Stockholm, when awarded one of the Nobel prizes.” AN AMERICAN VETERINARIAN UNDER A TROPICAL SUN. —Although we are violating the confidence of a valued collabo- rator of the REVIEW, we could not resist the impulse to repro- duce the accompanying photo, forwarded to us as a private token of remembrance by Dr. Olof Schwarzkopf, of the Third U.S. Cavalry, located at Vigan, Luzon, P. I. He has so many friends in America, and particularly among REVIEW readers, that we know they will enjoy a glimpse of the genial veterina- rian fondly caressing his trusty pony, who appears to be about the size of an ordinary yearling. He reports that, although he suffered greatly from the tropical sun he is now doing well, and hopes soon to return to America. REMOVAL OF GUNPOWDER STAINS.—On Christmas day a boy of twelve filled a vaseline bottle with powder and exploded NEWS AND ITEMS. 197 the same. I arrived on the scene about three hours after the accident and found the cornea and sclerotic of both eyes and the face literally blown full of powder. I removed a dozen or more flakes of powder from each cornea with a foreign spud ; also removed the powder from the sclerotic. Did the operation under a four per cent. solution of cocaine. After the operation I used a fifteen per cent. solution of hydrozone in the eyes. After removing the particles of glass from the face I kept a cloth over it saturated with a fifty per cent. solution of hydro- zone. At the end of two weeks I used a saturated solution of boric acid in the eyes and painted the face twice daily with equal parts of hydrozone and glycerin. The eyes are well and powder stains have disappeared from the face.—(Dr. £. G. Cor- bett, Hampton, Fla., in Medical World, Feb., 1902.) Not an UNcoMMON INCIDENT.—It was on a Vanderbilt Avenue [Brooklyn] car, and the sympathies of the passengers were keenly aroused by the evident suffering of a fashionably dressed woman revealed in an audible conversation with her equally stylish companion. Said the latter: ‘Oh, my dear, I am so grieved to hear of your trouble! Is there nothing you etude for him?” ~~“ Isn't it dreadful?” replied the first. ‘‘ He is so ill, and we have tried every remedy. It breaks my heart. You know, last year we thought a change of air would benefit him, so we found an ideal place to spend the summer, and it seemed as if he must get well. Such delicious atmosphere, rippling water and cool, green grass.” ‘And didn’t he im- prove?” ‘No, poor fellow, and we don’t know what to do. We are going to pack up very early this year and go away about May 1, but I am so afraid it will be of no use.” ‘“ My dear,” advised the first speakex,” ““why do you not cousult Dr. ———,, of New York? He’s an authority on just such troubles, and I feel sure he could help him.” ‘ Perhaps. It’s the only thing todo. We seem to have tried everything else. Oh!” with a little sob, ‘‘ I don’t believe I could bear it if he should die.”’ By this time the listening passengers were almost in tears, so acute was the sorrow of the poor lady. It was piti- ful. Her companion, too, was equally affected. ‘‘ My dear,” she exclaimed, ‘will you let me speak quite frankly and tell you what I think is the cause of the whole trouble?” The other nodded sadly, and she continued impressively: “I am afraid you give him bones. Now, we never give Dewey bones, and he’s the healthiest dog in the city.”—But the passengers had fled.—( Vew York Herald.) PUBLISHERS’ DEPARTMENT. Subscription price, $3 per annum, invariably in advance, foreign countries, $3.60; students while attending college, 2, single copies, 25 cents. Rejected manuscripts will not be returned unless postage 1s forwarded. Subscribers are earnestly requested to notify the Business Manager immediately upon changing thetr address. Alex. Eger, 34 East Van Buren St., Chicago, [ll., Veterinary Publisher and dealer in Veterinary Instruments, Books, and Drugs, ts the authorized agent for the REVIEW in Chicago and the Middle West, and will receive subscriptions and advertisements at publishers rates. WE would call the attention of REVIEW readers to the contents of the library of the late Dr. Thomas F. Barron, of Baltimore, listed on page 14 (ad. dept.) of this number. It will be seen to be an interesting list of books, as what are not modern and up to date are sufficiently old and rare to make them attractive, and we would advise any of our friends desiring any. part of this library to apply for them at once, as Mrs. Barron intends selling them without delay. Ir is said by those in a position to know by practical experience that the most perfect and simple method of practising artificial impregnation in the mareis by conveying the seminal fluid to the uterusin a gelatine capsule, which is filled in the vagina of them are en route to the uterus, the mare having been previously served by the stallion. The strong little oxe ounce rectal capsule, made by H. Planten & Sons, were used in the demonstrations, from which impregnation was accomplished. THOSE veterinarians who have not yet employed Epicarin- Veterinary as a dermal parasiticide have missed one of the ‘‘ good things ’’ in vet- erinary practice. They can obtain it and many other excellent pharma- ceutical products not found elsewhere, from Farbenfabriken of Elber- feld Co, (see ad. dept.) ; ‘(A STITCH IN TIME ”’ has been the secret of success in many under- takings; but it has reached the ‘‘climax ’’ when in ‘‘the Consolidated Hoof Pad Co.’s’’ ‘‘ Rubber Horse-Shoe Pad.’’ We wonder if the veterinary profession fully appreciates the variety and value of the Buntin Drug Co.’s long list of veterinary hypodermic tablets. REVIEWS WANTED. The Publishers will pay 25c. a piece for April, Ig01, and September, 1898. Also any one having any of the following numbers will kindly communicate with us before send- ing, as only a limited number are wanted of each. April, June, July and December, 1899, and January, 1900, also March, 1896, Address, Robert W. Ellis, D. V.S., No. 509 W. 152d Street, New York. POSITION WANTED AS ASSISTANT. By an M. R. C, V. S., with two years’ experience in mixed practice, Good refer- ences as to ability and character. Address, F, C., 336 Fairmount Ave., Jersey City Heights, N, ]. AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW. JUNE, 1902. All communications for publication or in reference thereto should be addressed to Prof. Roscoe R. Bell, Seventh Ave. & Union St., Borough of Brooklyn, New Vork City. EDITORIAL. EUROPEAN CHRONICLES. With the best intentions, one does not always succeed in reaching the object he has in view. Some months ago, being present at one of the meetings of the Société Centrale, I read a communication upon various methods used by American veter- inarians in performing operations—neurotomy standing up, dentistry, etc., etc. This article drew quite earnest attention, and, of course, I was tempted to try again, but, indeed, my dear Prof. Williams, I do not know if I did right—at any rate, if I did not, you must take the good intention for the deed. Here is the explanation : Having read your articles in the REVIEW on “ Neurectomy of the fifth pair,” and the results that you have obtained, con- sidering the silence that our colleagues of America were keeping about it, and, also (I might as well acknowledge it), desiring to introduce in France a new (as far as my knowledge goes) oper- ation essentially American in its application, I wrote a short article, which I insert further, and read it before an audience where several strictly practical veterinarians were present. Was it that my article failed in its value? Did I not succeed in giving the subject the importance it has? Was I weak in my remarks? I do not know, but I must confess that the subject failed to draw any remarks or raise a discussion. After the meeting, I spoke of my disappointment to a few intimates, and was told that I was misjudging the effect, that the subject was most interesting ; but (there are always buts, you know) that 199 200 EDITORIAL. it was altogether new, that the disease had never been ob- served, and that certainly my article would draw attention to it and that at the first opportunity they would try the American treatment. More than that, Prof. Almy, the learned young teacher who occupies the chair of practical surgery at Alfort, has promised me to introduce the operation among the exercises of his course. That is what I have gained. It may not bea great result, and yet I feel that I have ob- tained something, and advanced one step the standing of Amer- ican veterinary practice and surgery in France, which, after all, is not to be sneered at. Here is my article :— “ Tic of the Superior Maxillary Nerve. “GENTLEMEN :—Some time ago vou kindly gave me your attention in relation to some operations performed in the United States. But, after all, my remarks were only upon European operations modified by our colleagues on the other side of the Atlantic. “’To-dav allow me to speak to you of an operation, which I believe is of American origin, which, so far, I have failed to find mentioned in any of the works I can read, and that Prof. Williams, of the New York State Veterinary College, at Cornell University, has been first to perform. However, it is almost in his name that I make this communication before our French colleagues to obtain their opinion. ‘For myself, I never performed it, and am only familiar with the symptoms presented by animals for which Prof. Wil- liams recommends it. ‘ Here is the diseased condition I have observed : The malady progresses insidiously and by degrees so as to reach its maxi- mum of intensity. It is characterized only by one symptom, an up-and-down jerking of the head. At first a single indica- tion of the trouble is observed, shaking more or less marked of the head up and down. ‘The animal acts as if it was annoyed by flies around the eyes or the nose ; it rubs the upper lip, the EDITORIAL. 201 end of the nose, on the surrounding objects, or shakes its head rapidly. Sometimes it is obliged to stop, as if the irritation was too annoying to allow him to keep up moving. Observed prin- cipally when the animal is ridden or in harness, the symptom is less marked when it isin the stable. In some cases it is” more developed when the animal goes against the wind; it is also increased when the gait is quickened. This jerking of the head varies in severity, and is more or less marked according to individuals ; but it can always be made to appear at will, by having the animal put in motion, mounted or driven. “The movements of the head are peculiar and almost diag- nostical. Suddenly the animal jerks its head, its nose is of a sudden carried forward, then drawn backwards and upwards, and if an object is handy it rubs with rage the upper lip or the nose as if it wanted to free itself of an insect which causes severe and acute pain. Ifthe animal is driven double it rubs against the pole; if the access is severe it suddenly stops, turns the head towards its mate, rubs its nose against the collar or on the harness. In some cases the seat of the irritation seems to _be at the top of the head or on the ears. ‘These are the seat of rapid movements; the head is shaken up and down, from one side to the other, and sometimes the pain is such that the animal becomes very irritable, sometimes uncontrollable. “This peculiar condition has been observed in young animals and in adults, in well-bred horses, in those in good condition, well fed and strong, and doing light and moderate work. “Ts all, repeated and close examinations of the nose, ears, mouth, teeth and pole of the head give only negative results. “ Ror my part, I remember that several years ago I saw three cases which presented the symptoms I have just described, and that I have never been able to account for their troubles or give them any relief. “ Prof, Williams has seen similar cases, and having considered them as of neuralgic nature, he has decided to resort to neurec- tomy of the infra-orbital portion of the superior maxillary nerve. It isa simple operation. ‘The horse is cast, the operator feels 202 EDITORIAL. for the inferior opening of the superior maxillo-dental canal by pushing the mass of the sus-maxillo-labial muscle from up downwards ; he makes an incision from above below just over the nerve, cutting the skin and the sus-naso-labial muscle. The edges of the wound are kept apart by assistants. The nerve is isolated with care at its exit from the canal, is divided, and a piece, three centimeters in length, is removed, carefully remov- ing all its divisions and avoiding the glosso-facial blood-vessels. The wound is dressed antiseptically. The horse is turned over and operated on the other side. “To this date, Prof. Williams has operated on four horses. Three have recovered immediately without return of the symp- toms. Inthe fourth there was only improvement. In three cases the nerve was hypertrophied in a marked manner. In the other, on the contrary, it was atrophied.” a a ONE of the most amusing events connected with veterinary sanitary organization in France has just occurred in one of the departments of that country, where it is said that her adminis- tration 1s envied by the whole world. Irefer to a strike among a new class of governmental appointees, a strike which, no doubt, constitutes a record, not only in the history of sanitary medicine, but in that of all strikes, a strike which, even in America, where those outbursts of dissatisfaction are rather fre- quent, would never have been thought of, and, in fact, could never take place, thanks to the admirable manner in which the sanitary service is organized. The strike of the Sanitary Veterinarians of Saone et Loire will certainly appear very funny in the United States, but, after all, it is proper that it should have taken place. Veterinarians in many parts of the French territory have no official position. Yet, they are obliged to report all cases of contagious diseases which may come across their path in prac- tice, and then the authorities may delegate thetn with an order to apply the laws as the case may be. ‘Their services are gen- erally paid by special funds. In the department in question, it EDITORIAL. 203 seems that no provision had been made for those expenses, and the results are that by a new regulation a special proviso had to be made. This provides for a fee of 1 franc (20 cents) for each visit, with an additional 0.50 centimes (10 cents) for visits made at a distance of 6 kilometers. Said additional fee to be paid only for going, but not returning. As about two visits only could be made in one day, the pay for that day’s work would be about 3 francs (60 cents). As our friend Pion, of the Stmaine Vétérinaire, says: “‘ Veterinarians would do better by going out breaking stones on the road.” Of course, this event is one exception, and will be remedied at short notice, but any how it is amusing, and one may now look for other strikes in other so-called liberal professions. Which will break that record ? reene QUACKERY EXTENDING IN NEW YORK STATE. What a travesty upon veterinary progréss and common jus- tice is presented by the breach of the law in this State! When one reads the statute referring to the regulation of the practice of veterinary medicine and surgery and then becomes in posses- sion of a knowledge of the real state of affairs, he can but feel that, adequate and wise as are our laws, they are absolutely in- effective when administered as at present. The REVIEW has called the attention of the profession of the State to this subject upon various occasions, and it purposes doing so more frequently and persistently in the future, until some definite steps are ta- ken to remedy an evil which is eating very vigorously at the heart of professional progress. Private information from many sections of the State indicates that men with no qualifications as veterinarians, endowed only with an audacity that is beyond comprehension, have become so emboldened by freedom from molestation that they hesitate not to announce themselves as “veterinary surgeons”? and to undertake the treatment of do- mestic animals just as though they possessed the legal and the moral right to do so. While it is probable that the amount and character of busi- 204 EDITORIAL. ness done by this class of imposters is of little injury to the le- gitimate members of the profession, they bring the honorable and qualified practitioners into disrepute, discrediting the efforts of men who are laboring earnestly for the elevation of their call- ing, and destroying the influence and prestige of a profession which has reached its present high place among the learned sciences by the devoted efforts and examples of men for whom the laws were placed on the statute-books. Aside from this aspect of the case, it is a disgraceful mock- ery of the integrity of our laws, when they can be violated with such impunity by the outlaws of society. What is the remedy ? Can the State Society find a better channel in which to exert its power and its energies? If we do not protect ourselves, we can scarcely expect others to do so. A prosecuting committee is a farce; men cannot give up their time and travel over the State to press such cases without pay. But the veterinarians of the State, through their representative organization, can start a fund and employ an energetic, honest lawyer, paid a sufficient sum to justify his best efforts, whose duty it shall be to go to any point in the State where evidence has been secured and prosecute a violator of the law. The REVIEW will start this fund by sub- scribing twenty-five ($25) dollars, and will add more if neces- sary. The fines—half of which goes to the party securing the conviction—will defray much of the expense. Will the State Society take this question up at its next meeting, and throw behind it some real energy, and not side- track the question by appointing an impossible committee ? Or will the matter be allowed to drag along as for the past five or six years, exacting the most stringent fulfillment of the Regents’ laws by the graduates of her schools, but permitting the most ignorant charlatan to bask in the sunlight of freedom from molestation ? How can the profession of the State ask the legislature for any new law when it neglects zz ¢ofo to maintain and uphold those which it has given us? Isn’t there some food for reflection in the above facts? EDITORIAL. 205 THE VETERINARY BENEFIT AND PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION. In “ European Chronicles,” the medium through which the senior editor of the REVIEW transmits to his readers his impres- sions of the events which go to make up the onward-march of © the rapidly-developing science of comparative medicine, he has on more occasions than one referred to that aspect of the profes- sion which in other callings, and even in that of veterinary medicine in some countries, is deserving of due considera- tion by American veterinarians. It is not infrequent that in a business which is rated by the insurance people as “‘ extra-hazard- ous ” that a veterinarian is disabled for weeks and even months by an accident which incapacitates him for any duty; or by dis- ease, the result of infection from a patient, or through the natural penalties of human existence; or in case such accident or disease is sufficiently severe to terminate his life, then the question of the means for immediate necessities imposes itself upon him or those whom he may leave helpless behind him. All professions, trades, and businesses have their mutual aid associations, through which, by the annual payment of a small premium, a certain sum is guaranteed to each member in case of disability or death. Without going into the details of such organizations, which are probably well understood by our readers, and which have been more thoroughly considered by Dr. Liautard, we wish to call the attention of the members of the American Veterinary Medical Association, upon the eve of their annual meeting, to the advisability of establishing such an organization in this country. The first steps could be taken at Minneapolis toward ' the founding of such an association, and officers could be se- lected to operate under the guidance of trustees. We have but little doubt that it would find immediate favor among such a large body of intelligent men as constitute the profession in America, and that it would be of incalculable benefit to its mem- bers need not be doubted, as we have many examples of the benign effect of such undertakings in all walks of life. 206 ONE OF THEM. ORIGINAL ARTICLES. THE LIVING AND THE DEAD: REMINISCENCES OF THE VETERINARY PRACTITIONERS OF FORTY YEARS AGO. By ONE OF THEM. In the early sixties veterinary surgeons who had acquired the right to be called such by reason of special study were al- most as rare as electricians, and the few who were located in this country—mostly graduates of the Royal College of ‘Eng- land—naturally achieved national reputations. Even men who lacked diplomas but through genius became widely known, were in possession of large practices, and their fame extended far and near. 7 There are very few of the men of those days now living ; but one of them has at our solicitation prepared for REVIEW readers some reminiscences of the personal characteristics and anecdotes of the men who may be said to constitute the “ old guard” of the American veterinary profession. ‘Three Eastern States—Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania—were the veterinary centres, and when the early history of those sections is written the veterinary story of the whole country will have been told. If the roll of those who were prominent on the stage at the outbreak of the Civil War were called, there would be very few to answer, and so it will not require a great effort on the part of the reader to guess the name of the one who conceals his iden- tity under the pseudonyme of ‘‘ One of Them.” * * ok A. S. COPEMAN, V. S. A. S. Copeman, not a regular graduate, was one of the most THE LIVING AND THE DEAD. 207 deserving men engaged in veterinary medicine at that time Of English origin, I believe, he was a hard student and_prac- ticed his profession at Utica, N. Y., for many years. In 1864 he was called to New York City to enter the faculty of the New York College of Veterinary Surgeons, where he held the chair of Theory and Practice for two or three years. He had already received an appointment in the attempt made in 1855 to organize the Boston Veterinary Institute—the chair of Chem- istry and Pharmacy.* Mr. Copeman was rather a slim-built man, of very affable manners (perhaps too much so), and of a nature or character which did not give him many friends, al- though he had much desire to have many. Hard worker, lover of the microscope, fluent writer, he was one of the first to start the practice of gratuitous prescribing through the columns of sporting papers, and in that capacity occupied for some seven years the position of Veterinary Editor of Wilkes’ Spirit of the Times. After leaving the professorship at the N. Y. C. V. S., he de- voted himself to private practice in New York City. His rela- tions with the paper he edited as veterinarian and his writings were the means by which he soon commanded a large and lucrative practice, through which he became wealthy. But this he was not able to hold towards the last of his life. He had family troubles, which brought on him nervous manifestations, from which he suffered severely, and during his attacks he had often expressed the wish to die. One day in Noveinber, 1876, he hurried through his office in the basement of his house, walked up stairs to his bedroom on the second story, put the muzzle of a revolver into his mouth and shot himself dead. Mr. Copeman was also one of the organizers of the United States Veterinary Medical Association, and one of its first presi- dents. Of the few intimate friends he had, Grice was one, and it was peculiar to see.the attachment that existed between two men so different in every thing, but specially so much in the point of irreproachable professional ethics. * AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW, Vol. I, Appendix, page 8. 208 ONE OF THEM. An amusing incident proves this. One day he was called to examine a horse as to soundness, and the parties interested in the trade were desirous that the examination should please both buyer and seller. ‘The horse was then examined, and the following written as to conclusion on “ Certificate 2056:” « . . I find the said horse to the best of my judgment sound. With a view to identification I observe that the above men- tioned animal has a splint, a small curb and an exostosis on the near hind hock joint.” Evidently the certificate, which is now in our hands, having been handed to us by the purchaser, had been written to please the buyer, who thought the animal sound, and the dealer, who could claim afterwards that he had bought the animal knowingly with his unsoundness. * * *K Ra) CURTIS: M Ractevas sn: When I knew him, Mr. Curtis was already advanced in years. Graduate of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons at the time when English veterinary graduates were distinguishing their alma mater by an initial after their title of membership of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons, he was an M. R. C. V. S. L. (of London), to distinguish him from M. R.C. V. S. E. (of Edinburg). By what force of destiny he came to America I am ignorant of; but at any rate he was in 1860 practicing in Brooklyn, in that part which then was called the Heights. Keeping up a small but select practice, he had also sufficient time left to him to run a riding school, a thing which in those days was peculiar, as horseback riding was only in its infancy in that part of the State, and had not assumed the proportions it has to-day. Curtis. was a very kind, genuine gentleman, English in gen- eral appearance, and whose grand object in life then was the professional success of his adopted son, Dr. A. Large, who, I be- lieve, about that time was just returning to America after hav- ing graduated at the a/ma mater of his uncle. THE LIVING AND THE DEAD. 209 Curtis was present at the organization meeting of the U. S. V. M. A., one of the first to sign the constitution, and also one of. its first presidents. He died at quite an old age. His general condition of health and his advanced age did not prevent him from attending to the duties that his member- ship or his official position in the association demanded of him, or if he missed the gatherings (meetings which then were held in New York or in Boston) it was only on account of ill health, and still several times have I seen him go to the semi-annual meeting in Massachusetts, where his congenial conversation and friendly disposition rendered the trip in winter most pleasant. * *K * OF. HUAGG, MoD. WV.S: How simple and how becoming to the known modesty of O. H. Flagg, the few remarks made in the professional journals upon the death of this good man and honest practitioner, who deserved more, however, for he, with a few more of the profes- sion in the Eastern States, form a little troop which were doing all they could to uphold the flag of veterinary science. We made his acquaintance in the halls of the Astor House. He had seen a good move to elevate the profession to which he belonged, and, of course, he was on hand. Flage was tall, slim, and very unassuming, yet a deep thinker. Present at all the meetings of the U. S. V. M. A., he, however, seldom took part in the discussions, but when he did, he was always sure to carry his point, and his opinion was almost always sure to win.* He was most congenial and good hearted, talking slow in a low tone of voice, and was only touchy on one point, that of his being a regular graduate of veterinary medi- cine. True, he had the degree of M. D., but for many among us the regularity of his claim to the V. S. was a matter of doubt ; the school he claimed for his alma mater having had but a doubtful existence.t No doubt he keenly felt his position ; *AM, VET, REVIEW, page 814, Vol. XX. : + Am. VET. REviEw, Vol. I., Appendix, page 8. R. S. Huidekoper. 210 ONE OF THEM. nevertheless, he was always welcome among all the other mem- bers of the profession, and it was always with great pleasure that we would look for him at our meetings. In New Bedford, where he practiced for many years, he was highly considered, and although his professional life was quiet, he did a great amount of good work, which will probably always remain unknown, as from his modesty he has deprived the pro- fession of any writings he might have given her. * ‘ 7k CoC. GRICE, M. -RaCav pore. C. C. Grice graduated at the Royal Veterinary College of England in 1826, and came to America in 1830. He opened an office in Pearl Street, New York City, where a fair beginning was made after much labor, patient waiting and perseverence. After a few years he removed to White Street, where he re- mained about fourteen years, thence he removed to his last residence, 122 Macdougal Street. ‘‘Mr. Grice was a man of great energy and industry in his profession. He was a critical pathologist, good anatomist and skillful surgeon. He wielded the knife with great dexterity and skill, and performed many heroic as well as delicate operations. His integrity was of the sterling kind and no inducements could allure him from the path of strict duty or cause him to lower the profession which he so delighted to honor.’ * In 1860 he was already quite an old man; small, very small in statue, quick and very nervous. He was as conceited as he could be—“‘an Englishman and a graduate.” At that time he had a very large practice, rather selected, and among his patrons he could name some celebrated men of those days: James Gor- don Bennett, Sr., Hoyt, Astors, and among medical men Dr. Valentine Mott, David Hosack, and many others. Although he had been considered of a superior talent he did not deserve his reputation, but, yet, having good knowledge of his profes- sion, he knew how to apply himself. Some little amusing * New York Times, July, 1876. THE LIVING AND THE DEAD. 211 a events of his life were known by many of his colleagues, for whom he had little affection. Quite a small man, he had married a fine, strong and cor- pulent English lady, whose goodness was as big as her heart, which was known toand appreciated by all who visited her. She was tyrannical at home in her way, but to her friends she was personified kindness. A professional friend of Grice, and all the veterinarians who knew him, used to repeat a story on the tyrannic lady who, according to Wood, “‘ wore the pants” in the matrimonial contract. One day when Wood was visiting New York he had succeeded in taking Grice with him in some good honest frolic, as he liked to indulge in when visiting this great metropolis. The little débauche went on gay and full of laughs and fun late into the night, or rather in the early morning. At the be- ginning, Grice was all happy and gay, but as the hours passed by and after the bills were paid, his gaiety subsided by degree and he seemed to be hesitating, when in going back home he heard the clock of a close by tower indicate that it was no longer night. At last they reached Macdougal Street ; Grice opened the door with as little noise as possible, but he had not been careful enough ; it flew easily open, and the sight of the good old wife waiting for the dbauché appeared in her spotless white night gown. ‘Oh, pardon me, pardon me, Jane, I’ll] never do it again,” exclaimed Grice, as he threw himself on his knees on the floor. Wood never missed an opportunity to tell that story whenever in the company of other veterinarians, and his hearty laugh told much about the queer and funny effect of the scene. It must be said, however, that if Jane pardoned Charles, there was for some reason or another no further friendship between the two veterinarians. Yes, Grice was very nervous, and also very conceited. It was an easy matter to make him lose his temper. One day he was subpcened as an expert in a horse case. One of the lawyers depended much on his testimony; in fact, the whole case did. Grice, all dressed up, was walking up and down the hall room 212 ONE OF THEM. of the court, brandishing a little cane with which he sometimes nervously stroked his own legs in walking. Called to the stand, he marched quickly, was sworn in and he sat down. His testi- mony went on smoothly while he was questioned by the lawyer who had subpcened him. Grice then was all grace and smiling: but afterwards came the counsel of the opposite side. From the start the storm grew serious. In those, days lawyers had little respect for witnesses, and as question went upon question to Grice, as to his age, his qualifications, his knowledge of the case, etc., etc., the suffering little man grew more and more ner- vous, more and more agitated ; he twisted and twisted on his seat; his answers became confused; he lost the current of the subject ; the strain was too much; he broke down literally, and, jumping to his feet, he left the stand furious, brandishing his little cane towards the author of his woes, claiming as loud as he could: “ Yes, sir, I am a veterinary surgeon. I have been for nearly a quarter of a century in practice and I know a his last words were covered by the laughing of the people in court. However, the testimony he had given in behalf of his client carried the case in his favor. It has been written that he wasa skilful surgeon and that he performed all kinds of operations with skill and dexterity. Was this reputation deserved? Was he the great cpa he may have thought himself to be? One day he had a very interesting case to which he had con- veyed a friend of his to witness. It was that of an enormous champignon, fully as big as a man’s head; half of it was pro- truding, raw and bleeding, while the other was covered with the skin, intact and without fistulous openings or discharge —a beautiful specimen of extra-intra-scrotal champignon. In those days surgical interference was the only thing to resort to. It was indeed a handsome case to operate on, and the invited friend was anticipating the great surgical treat of a fine dis- section, when—oh! horror !—after the animal had been se- cured and that firmly, without any possible chance of strug- eling or fear of accident, the protruding half of the mass was THE LIVING AND .THE DEAD. 213 amputated, piece by piece, slice by slice, as far back as the edges of the skin ; several actual cauteries were passed over the bleeding surface, where the hemorrhage was quite abundant, and then the horse was loosened and allowed to go. No further treatment was ordered. The friend, who was a veterinarian, went away also, saying nothing, but thinking no less. Grice was proud of his profession, but specially also of every- thing in the profession which would give prominence at little expense. At the organization of the New York College of Vet- erinary Surgeons he was appointed one of the censors; of this title he made much, and represented himself often as one of the founders of the college. His duties as censor, however, were very limited. He never did anything for the institution to which his name was attached.* GC. Grice lived toa very old age; he kept practicing nearly to the end, and a few of us may remember him driving a small low four-wheeled doctor’s phzeton, without top, pulled by a small, fat, hollow-backed pony, quite as quick and nervous as the old gentleman. A small man, seated in a small wagon, driven by a small horse ; had not Grice been known full of eti- quette, his whole turnout might have been considered as an ad- vertising dodge ; but it was not. Although one of the veterinarians of reputation at the time of the organization of the United States Veterinary Medical Association, Grice did not attend the meeting at the Astor House. Those who went there were not good enough for him. His conceit kept him away at first, but his dislike for many of the members did not let him join it afterwards. In fact, he never joined any association. ‘The only position he ever had which might indicate his kind feelings toward the rising pro- fession in America was that which he occupied at the New York College of Veterinary Surgeons—Censor—a title only, as no work of any kind was ever done by any of the three gentlemen who composed the board. *Am, VET. Rev. Vol. I, Appendix, pages 9 and 10, (Zo be continued. ) 214 H. FULSTOW. VAGINAL OVARIOTOMY. By H. Fuistow, V. S., NORWALK, OHIO. Read before the Ohio State Veterinary Medical Association, Jan. 14th, 1902, I was requested by our worthy Secretary to prepare a paper on ‘“‘ Ovariotomy in the Mare.” Every veterinary surgeon who is in active practice, runs across more or less animals where the operation would be beneficial both to owner and animal}; be- sides building up a reputation for the practitioner himself, and greatly helping to fill one corner of his empty pocket book. This operation is indicated in ovarian diseases, such as tumors or dropsy of that organ, and especially in nymphomania or cestrumania. Such animals are generally a source of great an- noyance to their owners and every one who has anything to do with them. ‘They are ticklish and excitable, when anything touches them they squeal, switch and urinate or kick. They appear to be in heat nearly all the time, but generally fail to breed. I shall not go into the anatomy of the organs and their annexes, as everyone here is as familiar with the parts as I am. I shall simply give you the history of a few cases that have come under my personal observation in the last year or two. Case /.—Black mare, 15.2, six years old, sound, with good style and a grand individual. ‘This mare was a good, kind animal when not in heat, but when in heat she would squeal, switch, and kick, especially when meeting teams in the road, and finally got so bad that it was not safe to hitch her during that period. She was operated upon Oct. 19, 1900, by Dr. Hol- land, of Wellington, O., and myself; after operation she showed slight colicky pains and wanted to lie down, but was blank- eted and kept walking for about half an hour, when she ap- peared free from pain. She was then placed in a clean com- fortable box-stall, well littered with straw, and immediately laid down and appeared sick, but did not roll. She was watched all night, but was free from colicky pains; took a few swallows of chilled water, but ate nothing until morning, when she took a fair feed of cooked oats and bran. Temperature 101.4; she VAGINAL OVARIOTOMY. 215 appeared quite bright, picked around some all day, but was fed nothing but cooked food. Oct. 21st, temperature 100.4, patient bright and ready to eat any time. Just one week after opera- tion she was taken home, a distance of 214 miles, was hitched next day and has been driven and worked ever since. This . mare now is as quiet as a gelding, and the owner’s wife drives her anywhere. Case [/.—Grey mare, 7 years old, 16 hands high, pacer and quite speedy. This was a good clever mare until the summer she was four years old; one day while in heat she kicked a cart all to pieces and from that time on she was a bad one; would switch, kick, and urinate all the time while in harness, and finally got so bad it was not safe to go into the stall beside her, and she appeared to be in heat nearly all the time. I advised breeding, which was done, and a nice filly was raised from her ; she was bred again the following year several times, but she failed to get in foal, so her owner tried working her op the farm, but she was as bad at her old tricks as ever, and he got utterly disgusted and traded her off to my neighbor, who runsa feed barn and deals some in horses. He kept her about one week and hitched her twice to a long-shafted breaking cart, with a rope across her rump to keep her from demolishing everything. I advised him to have her spayed, but he was afraid of the risk, so I traded for her. I put her in a box stall and gave her a good scalded bran mash three times daily for three days, with % oz. hyposulphite of soda in each mash; then I starved her for twenty-four hours and gave her the ¥% oz. doses of hypo. in a little water three times daily before operating upon her. She was spayed May 28, 1901. After operation she appeared quite uneasy, so was blanketed and kept walking for some time ; then was placed in a comfortable box stall, same as No. 1, where she at once laid down with her head between her fore legs, and appeared sick, but did not roll or thrash around, and was watched until midnight, when my man thought it unnecessary to watch her longer. She took a little chilled water, but ate 216 H. FULSTOW. nothing until next morning, when she took her feed of cooked oats and bran. Morning of 29th, pulse 4o, tem. 101.3; she strained some when her bowels moved, soI gave her an enema three times daily of luke-warm water. She appeared quite bright all day and picked around. At evening, pulse 40, tem. 101. May 30, 8 A. M., pulse 34, tem. 100.3. At6 P. M., pulse 42, tem. TOT. May 31, 8 A. M., pulse 36, tem. 100.3; 6 P. M., pulse 36, tem Lor. June 1,8 .A. M., pulse 36, tem. 100; 6 P. M.,pulseyae tem. I00. I hitched this mare June 15 without kicking strap, and made a call, about a quarter of a mile from my office. She ap- peared clever, and I have driven her right along in my practice from that day until now. She is perfectly gentle everywhere, and I take my wife and family out behind her at any time. Oct. 29, while making a call in the country, and driving along at a good fair clip, she became frightened at some dump boards piled beside the road, and suddenly stopped, breaking the outside belly band, and letting the cross-bar of the buggy run right onto her, but she never did a thing, not as much as switch her tail. I think it quite remarkable, knowing as I do the disposition of the mare before she was operated upon. Case [/7.—Black mare, 9 years old, belonging to a neigh- bor of the first case; having watched her since the operation, he finally decided to have his operated upon. She was in sea- son most of the time ; would kick and urinate in the barn while going about her, and could hardly be harnessed at all; did not kick when hitched, but switched and urinated. She was operated on July 1st, 1901. This mare was not as uneasy after the operation as the other two, so was blanketed and walked home a few blocks away, and was put in a good clean box stall, where she immediately laid down with her head between her fore legs and appeared sick like the others, and was watched for some time ; she took a few swallows of water, but ate noth- ing that night. Next morning she appeared bright, tem. 101, VAGINAL OVARIOTOMY. 217 took a good scalded feed and picked around all day. July 3, tem. 100.4, eating well, and appeared free from pain. This mare was hitched and driven the ninth day after being operated upon, and is as gentle in and out of the barn as any horse could be. Precautions to be Observed Before Operating.—Examine your animal carefully and see that it is not suffering from any contagious disease, and is otherwise healthy. If fevered up with erain it is a good plan to grass or mash it out for a few days, but if in a debilitated condition try to get it built up some be- fore you attempt to operate. An animal to be operated upon ought to be in the pink of condition, ready to do a good hard day’s work. Modus Operandi.—Place the animal in stocks; empty out the rectum and bladder; scrub the tail and external parts with soap and then with a solution of bichloride of mercury, I-1000, wash out the vagina with a solution of soda, 6 per cent., and see that it is perfectly clean; wind a linen bandage around the tail and have an assistant to hold it out of your way. Have your instruments thoroughly sterilized, and place them in an anti- septic solution. Scrub your hands and arms with soap and water, then wash them in bichloride solution. Instruments Needed.—One guarded knife and spaying ecra- seur, long. After getting your animal ready, take your hidden bistoury in your right hand and pass it into the vagina, open it and make a single puncture through the upper part of the vagina, just above the os, then close the knife and withdraw it. Now introduce your arm again into the vagina, put the index finger into the wound, then the middle finger, then the thumb, and spread fingers as much as possible, tearing the wall of the va- gina until the hand can penetrate into the abdominal cavity. Then locate the left ovary, and after finding it have an assist- ant enter your ecraseur for you; place the chain over it and crush it off slowly, taking care to hold on to the ovary until you bring it outside the vagina. Take your left hand for the right 218 H, FULSTOW. ovary and proceed as before, always remembering to hold on to the ovary so as not to let it drop into the abdominal cavity. After you are through operating, sponge off external parts with bichloride solution, and release the animal from the stocks, blanket well, and keep walking until it is cooled off, then place in a comfortable box stall and watch it for some time. Feed carefully for several days on cooked oats and bran, and if any pain is evinced when the bowels move, give an enema occasion- ally of tepid water. Take pulse and temperature every day and treat any of the results as they may present themselves to you. While I have not, perhaps, had as much experience as some others in ovariotomy, I have endeavored, as far as possible, to impart to you the knowledge I have gained of the habits before and after the operation, and to explain the course I have pur- sued in operating, and leave you to draw your own conclusions. CLIPPING WorK HorsEs.—The Michigan Experiment Station has just concluded a trial with clipped and unclipped work horses. In one instance one horse in each of three pairs was clipped and its mate allowed to shed its old coat when it got around to it. Inanother trial, as reported in the dispatches, one pair was clipped and another doing the same work was made to keep its long hair. Observations were taken at stated periods, but the results were not at allconclusive. Prof. Smith, who conducted the experiments, states that the horses which were clipped did their work in much greater comfort than those that were not, and that means a great deal. The appearance of the clipped animals also was considerably the best and the gen- eral results of the trials in favor of the use of the clippers is not definitely conclusive. THE U.S. Government reports that there is no danger of the extinction of the buffalo. There is no evidence that any of these animal are running wild, but there are many large herds of them owned upon the ranges. The price of mature bull bis- ons is about $375, cows and two-year-old heifers $500, while calves bring equally high prices. THE total value of live stock and its products exported by the United States in 1g01 was $250,000,000. ‘This does not in- elude pure-bred animals sent abroad. TREATMENT OF AZOTURIA WITH POTASSIUM IODIDE. 219 TREATMENT OF AZOTURIA WITH POTASSIUM IODIDE. By T. S. Cuinps, V. S., SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. Since the publication of the article which I contributed to . the REVIEW in 1900 upon the above subject, I have received mauy letters from veterinarians from all over the United States, asking in reference to the treatment, and for the information of these and any others who may be interested, I will give a re- port of a few cases of azoturia treated by me with kali iodide since that time. I had 19 cases of azoturia in 1901 and 1902 up to date, the last case being Feb. 4th, 1902; this one we killed by order of the Division Superintendent of the Standard Oil Co. It was in a young green horse, four years old, weighing 1400 lbs. He was down; could not get up; was very fat, and my opinion is that he would have died no matter what was done for him, as I had given him kali iodide, 3 iv, without the usual results. Still it seemed to give the animal great ease for a time. The cases treated would be too numerous to give a full de- tailed account of all of them. SoI will just give a few, so as to show the severity of the cases, and the results of the treat- ment. Case I[.—March 16, 1901, I was called to see a bay pacing mare used for a private carriage, owned by Mr. V. Moore; had been in stable for three or four days, and had been fed as usual. She was rather fat. She was hooked and driven about half a mile, when the driver found she was ailing and took her back to the stable. This case did not go down, but was very restless. I used the catheter and gave kali iodide, =ss, in half a pint of water, and had hot packs placed over loins, as the gluteals were very hard and sore. Never saw mare again until three days afterwards, when I saw her out at her regular work all right. Case IIT.—March 30, bay gelding, had been in stable for one week; drove seven miles to town; was taken with what was thought to be colic ; was treated by two quacks, with hot water 220 T S| CHILDS. enemas, and late at night I was called, but would not take case. This animal was owned by one of our local dentists, and as he started with quacks I thought I would let him stick to them. This case died, and the D.D.S. was very angry with me because I would not treat the horse. Case [7/.—April 12, brown gelding, 1050 lbs., had been at very hard work all spring ; was left in stable for three days for a rest; was fed as usual, and driven the third day to the village, about two miles, and was taken with colic, as the owner, Mr. F., said, as he had such an attack about a year before. I gave him colic medicine at that time and he came out all right; but in a very short time the owner changed his mind, when he saw the animal go down and could not rise. This case was treated for three days, but made a good recovery, and in a week was at his usual work, delivering milk. This case was down for about ten hours. I used hot packs, gave iodide of potassium, 3 ss, in aqua Oss; drew urine, it was very black. Case ZIV.—April 18, 1901, was called to see a brown mare, 1200 lbs., nine years old, used on the Armour Dressed Beef Co.’s wagon in Saratoga Springs. She had been in the stable for two days and fed just as usual ; had her hooked to go to Ballston Spa, a distance of seven miles, and while loading the driver noticed her dropping down behind, and could not stand up on her hind legs, and was very lame in the forward shoul- ders. She was placed in stable with great difficulty and I was called; I was in court in Ballston Spa on a horse case, and Mr. V., the local manager, telephoned me the history of the case; and I made the usual diagnosis from the symptoms, and pre- scribed hot-packs and kali iodide, 2ss, in aqua Oss, at one dose. I was excused by the court, and went to Saratoga as soon as possible, and found my instructions had been carried out, and mare very quiet; had been down but could get up; later, as she showed uneasiness, I repeated the iodide and gave her 3ii every four hours. This horse resumed her regular work the second day. Did not use catheter, as she micturated properly. TREATMENT OF AZOTURIA WITH POTASSIUM IODIDE. 221 Case V.—April 19, 1901, a case about as last, only it was a gray gelding. Treatment as above. ‘ I could continue to describe a number of cases like the above, more or less serious. I had a case of it ina bay trotting mare Thanksgiving Day, and in the same mare Christmas day, and it was the fourth case I had in two years for this same man. As the weather was bad he had not driven this mare for three or four days, and had her hooked to drive down to his farm. After going about two and a half miles he noticed the mare not being just right, but continued. I met him on the road and said he thought it was azoturia. He drove to his stables and that was all, as she was so stiff that she had to be helped to her stall. I was called and drew water, used the iodide in pill form, as she was hard to give liquids ; drew water, which was very dark and thick. Did not apply hot packs, but used an ammonia liniment. She was well next day, excepting a terribly congested condition of the vulva owing to a smart stableman crowding a handful of salt up her vagina. Mr. L., the owner, was fitting her for a race, and gave her some hard work and banged her knee so she was laid up for three or four days. Her feed was supposed to be cut, but Christ- mas day he gave her a little exercise, but had gone about four city blocks when he at once noticed similar trouble to her last illness. Got her to stable and called me. I gave treatment as before. She was well and out the next day. This wasa mild case, as she had never gone down, and the disease gave way to the treatment very quickly. In some very bad cases I give 3ss to 71 of chloral hydrate, but, as a rule, I depend on the iodide.. Now, I am only giving my experience with the drug in these cases. On my annual vacation I visit my veterinary friends, and, of course, we exchange ideas, and I never fail to speak of the undesirable disease of azoturia, and two years ago I got all my friends to try it. They have done so, but all of them report very unfavorably: I do not understand how or why, unless I have a special kind of disease, or the atmosphere may have 222 Te Sa CHUEDS' something to do with it. Our air is very light and dry. Dr. Thos. Bland, of Waterbury, Conn., condemns it, and claims that the pathology of the disease is not understood. He says that he has had them die, no matter what he did for them, and he has had them get well no matter what he would do for them; but he says that he is going to try venesection and in- troduce a saline solution to take the place of the amount of blood he draws away, and report the results. Dr. Kelly, of Waterbury, Conn., agrees with Dr. Bland, that the iodide is of little service as a curative treatment for azoturia. Dr. J. H. Kelly, of New Haven, Conn., has lost faith in it, and does not depend on it as he did at one time, and a number of practitioners in New York tell me it is of no service in their hands. Dr. Metcalf, of Albany, says he has had good results giving aloes and turpentine in small doses. Dr. McWhinney, of Troy, pursues the old treatment—very large physic pills. Dr. Shorey, of Mechanicsville, still sticks to kali iodide. Dr. Marshall, of Greenwich, does not think it of any service in his hands. Dr. Connelly, of Troy, treats as does Dr. McWhinney. Dr. Kelly, of Albany, bleeds and physics; the more blood taken the less physic, and the less blood the more physic; he also thinks as Dr. Bland does, that the saline solution is the best way to treat the disease. So it goes all up and down the line. I have talked with a great number of veterinarians and their treatment varies, and I must say I had poor success with the old way of treating the disease. I have had recoveries in thirty cases in about two years. I think I have only lost three cases out of thirty-three treated. One case was up and all over the disease, but got synovitis from beating his ankles. It was a very bad case ina very large horse. I had to kill him on account of the open joint. One other case was in an old horse and the owner would TREATMENT OF AZOTURIA WITH POTASSIUM IODIDE. 2293 o~ not treat, so killed it; and the other was the one mentioned, Rebs 4,:1902. So I have found kali iodide to be almost a specific in my hands, and shall, of course, continue to use it, irrespective of what any one says as long as I have good results. My experi- ence has been that mares are more frequently affected than geldings, and young horses oftener than old ones. I have never had but one case in a stallion and that was the celebrated race- horse, ‘Sir Walter.” He got well, and, by the way, that was the only race-horse I have ever seen the disease in. I attribute this to the care and watchfulness they get. - SMASHED THE AUTOMOBILIST.—Jeromus Rapelyea, of New- town, L. I., a veteran of the Civil War and a hero of the battle of Fair Oaks, was arraigned before Magistrate Smith, at Flush- ing, L. I., yesterday ona charge of assaulting Henry V. R. Kennedy, of 169 West Ninety-ninth street, Manhattan. Mr. ° Rapelyea was formerly superintendent of the poor in Queens county. Heisslightly lame owing to a wound received at Fair Oaks and is known all over Long Island as “ Fair Oaks” Ra- pelyea. He is 67 years oldand a veterinary surgeon. Thursday morning he was driving along the Hoffman boulevard, New- town, accompanied by his granddaughter. When he was ap- proaching an excavation in the highway that left room for only one vehicle to pass, Kennedy hove in sight in a big white auto- mobile. He has a country place at Hempstead and was racing to the Hunter’s Point ferry. Several persons say that Rapelyea was nearest the excavation and by the rules of the road had the right of way. ‘They saw him wave his hand to Kennedy, but the automobilist paid no attention to the signal and came rush- ing along. Rapelyea had only time to back his horse up on the sidewalk to save the lives of himself and his grandchild. Ra- pelyea jumped out of his carriage and fired a lump of clay at the automobile. The missile struck Kennedy between the eyes. He stopped, and ascertaining the name of his assailant, secured a warrant for Rapelyea’s arrest. The case was set down for May 28 and Rapelyea was paroled. Last night he received no- tice from wealthy farmers that they would subscribe all the money necessary to aid him in his fight against the automobilist. —(N. Y. Sun, May 24). 224 H. L. STEWART. CAESAREAN SECTION. By He ano RE Warr Vie DD) Cole ACON AMIS Read before the 14th Annual Meeting of the Iowa State Veterinary Medical Association, Feb. 11 and 12, 1902, Czesarean section or gastrohisterotomy is an operation which has for its object the removal of the foetus or foetuses from the uterus of the parent when they cannot be removed in the nat- ural way, and consists of making an opening through the ab- dominal wall and into the uterus for the purpose of such removal. This is quite a serious operation. It has been re- sorted to from a very early period in the human family, even in the day of Appollo and Julius Czesar. Since these early times it has often been practiced upon women. When it was first at tempted in veterinary practice is not exactly known, but it is thought to have been practiced by the Greek veterinarians at a very early date. Nothing definite is known of it until within the last century and a half, and it is not known to have been performed on the living animal until within less than a century. The operation is not frequently necessary on the mare and cow, and is less frequently successful on these animals. But on the smaller animals, especially swine, it is more successful. This is thought to be due to the attachment of the placenta to the uterus, which renders the animal less liable to septic infection through injury tothe uterus. It is an operation which should be resorted to only in cases where the foetus is alive, and delivery by the natural passage is impossible, or so difficult or dangerous that the mother incurs as much risk as she would from the operation ; or where the owner prefers to save the offspring alive rather than incur the risk of losing both, the progeny being the more valuable; or when there are fractures or exostoses of the pelvis which greatly diminish the canal ; or where there is pro- trusion of a large quantity of the bowels as in one case which I had, and in which the foal was promptly removed and saved, although no effort was made to save the mare ; or in extra-uter- ine pregnancy or torsion of the uterus. The operation is also CESAREAN SECTION. 225 indicated where the animal is near the termination of pregnancy and is too sick to live, or injured so that recovery is impossible, or if the animal has just died or is dying. The foal soon per- ishes when it cannot be born, but the calf may live for some time varying from three minutes to a much longer time after the death of the mother. Puppies have been taken from the uterus alive eight or ten minutes after the death of the mother. Few .cases are on record of successful gastrohisterotomy on cows and mares. But with the pig it is quite different. While the pig seems to be of little significance and an animal that the veterinary practitioner is seldom called to see, yet in these days of high values, when a hog is often worth from $20 to $30 or more, it is deserving of our attention. In all cases where the operation is decided upon no time should be lost in practicing it if we wish to preserve the progeny and the mother. A clean and comfortable place should be se- lected. The animal should be placed on its right side and the left posterior limb fastened to something sufficent to hold it about level with the uppermost side of the patient. The hair should be clipped off over considerable space in the flank, or better clip the hair off before the animal is cast, if it can be done. The side should be well disinfected at the seat of operation. A so- lution of creolin is perhaps the best. From the beginning use all measures to prevent septic metritis, peritonitis or nervous exhaustion. With a scalpel makea liberal incision in the flank as for ovariotomy, but make it longer. Twist all bleeding ves- sels and then open the peritoneum. Then with the hand reach in through the opening which has been made and grasp one horn of the uterus and bring it with its contents through the incision to the outside, as it is impossible to prevent the escape of the liquor amnii and small particles of placenta into the ab- dominal cavity if the uterus is left in the abdomen while the contents is being removed. The incision into the uterus should be made when practicable between two pigs so they may both be removed through the same incision. More than two may be removed through one incision if it can be doue without irritat- 226 H. L. STEWART. ing the parts in trying to get the pigs to one opening. Rather than to cause any unnecessary irritation of the uterus it is better to make an incision for each foetus. After the foetuses have been removed take all the membranes and fluids from the uterus. Then close the incision in the uterus with an uninterrupted silk suture so as to turn the edges in and bring the peritoneal coats together. Then this horn should be replaced and the other horn grasped and brought to the outside in the same manner as the first. Should there be any foetuses in the fundus of the uterus they should be gently pressed back into the horn of the uterus and removed in the same way as the others. The incis- ion in the uterus should be closed by a continuous silk suture, care being taken to turn the edges in so as to bring the perito- neal surfaces together. The abdominal incision should be closed by passing a suture through the skin, muscle and perito- neum. Little or no after treatment is advisable. With this method of operating, in the summer of 1900 I had eight cases out of eleven to make speedy and successful recoveries. ‘Three of these were operated upon for Mr. D. C. Rook, a Poland China breeder of Oakley, by lantern light, and in 25 days were sold and shipped to Chicago. Last season out of ten cases seven made good recoveries. One was a case of extra-uterine preg- nancy which made a good recovery and sold in a short time after the operation for about $25.00. DISCUSSION. In answer to a question Dr. Stewart said that he gives an anzesthetic. He uses chloroform. Dr. Heck has performed a number of Czesarean sections upon sows with a mortality of only 15 per cent. He uses chloroform as an anesthetic. He utilizes interrupted silk sutures. He dis- infects his silk by soaking a few days in formaldehyde solution and then carries them in absolute alcohol. Dr. Walrod said that he has done a number of these opera- tions and that he always induces chloroform anesthesia. His objection is that the operation does not command a fee com- mensurate with the difficulty of the operation. CESAREAN SECTION. 227 Dr. Stewart said that in one case he secured a fee of five dollars ; that he has never driven over a mile to do the operation, and that he operates partly because he has a scientific interest in such cases. ‘This interest was gratified in one case by find. ing a case of extra-uterine pregnancy—the only case he had ever seen in a domestic animal. Dr. D. FH. Miller said that he uses an anesthetic, as he fears death from shock without its use. THE Horse’s WoRTH AFTER DEATH.—The following ex- tract from the Philadelphia Record goes to show that the horse’s usefulness continues even after death. The tail and main are especially valuable, and from these are made the haircloth of commerce. The short hair taken from the hides is used to stuff cushions and horse collars, thus the dead are made to minister to the comfort of the living. The hide furnishes a water-proof leather known to the trade as cordovan and is used for the manufacture of high-class hunting and wading boots. The hoofs of the animals are removed, and, after being boiled to ex- tract, shipped to the manufacturer of combs and what is known as mikado goods. The leg bones are very hard and white, and are used for handles of pocket and table cutlery. The ribs and head are burned to make bone-black, after they have been treated for the glue that isin them. In the calcining of the bones the vapors arising are condensed and form the chief source of carbonate of anumonia, which constitutes the base of nearly all ammonical salts. ‘There is an animal oil yielded in the cooking process which is a deadly poison and enters into the composition of many insecticides and vermifuges. The bones to make glueare dissolved in muriatic acid, which takes the phosphate of lime away, the soft element retaining the shape of the bone, is dis- solved in boiling water, cast into spares and dried onnets. The phosphate of lime, acted upon by sulphuric acid and calcined with carbon, produces phosphorus for lucifer matches. The re- maining flesh is distilled to obtain carbonate of ammonia. The resulting mass yields prussiate of potassium, with which tissues are dyed and iron transformed into steel. It also forms cyanide of potassium and prussic acid, the most terrible poison known in chemistry. “JT CANNOT GET ALONG WITHOUT THE REVIEW, I read it with a great deal of interest.” —(A. O. Kennedy, V.S., Columbia, Tenn.) 228 H. E. TALBOT. ‘‘THE TRIALS OF THE VETERINARY EXAMINING BOARD.” By H. E. Tatzsot, M. D. C., DES MOINES, IA. Read before the 14th Annual Meeting of the Iowa State Veterinary Medical Association, February 11 and 12, 1902. I have been making a few observations lately and I have noticed that it makes little difference how many roses are thrown in your pathway, if you attempt to pick them up and pin them on your coat, you are going to get scratched almost every time. The State Veterinary Examining Board has received its share of roses. We have individually and collectively been congratu- lated upon our appointment and we have been complimented for the so-called masterly manner in which we have coped with numerous problems. We have at times come to the conclusion that we had the undivided support of the profession throughout the State, and just as we have resolved to gather together a few of these roses of compliment and bind them into a bouquet of self-congratulation we have been rudely pricked by hidden thorns of censure or by the disapproval of those who, while con- demning our course, have no remedy to offer with which to dress our wounds. We have been forced to deal with problems which we little expected to encounter in the beginning. We have had no pre- cedent to follow and have found it necessary to establish prece- dents as we went along. We have met at times when our treasury was so depleted that we could not definitely set the date of the next meeting and the overshadowing burden of our thoughts, in the language of Shakespeare, was, ‘“‘ When shall we three meet again?” When we first received our appointment and proudly donned the toga of office we were convinced that we had but one path to follow and that was the one clearly mapped out for us by the law as passed. Since that time, however, we have discovered how seriously we were mistaken. We have had, at least, a dozen different interpretations of every section of the law, and THE TRIALS OF THE VETERINARY EXAMINING BOARD. 229 a the queer part of the whole proceeding is that each interpreter expects us to agree with him. We have been flattered and threatened, cussed and discussed and assured that we would make a grave mistake if we either granted or refused to grant the same certificate. In short we have been made to feel that we were three of the most partial, irresponsible and generally incompetent men in the State of Iowa. Our work, however, has not been wholly without recom- pense. At our meetings we have been delightfully entertained during our moments of leisure by the rich soprano voice of our worthy President, aided by the deep bass of our genial Treas- urer. On numerous occasions passers-by have been attracted by their masterly renditions of Dr. Heck’s favorite: ‘‘The bull Dog on the Bank and the Bull Frog in the Pool,” or have stopped to listen to the silvery tones of Dr. Johnston as he led in ‘‘My Bonnie Jean.” The doctor has always regretted that he didn’t study music instead of veterinary medicine and a number who have heard him sing have regretted it too. As for myself, I never stop smoking long enough to sing. We have received a number of very interesting and some- what humorous letters, among them was one from an old gen- tleman, which ran thus: “I am the best horse-doctor in Alla- makee Co.; send mea certificate by return mail.” Another gentleman, when told that he was not eligible to registration, wrote and asked if $25 would get him a certificate. Of course you don’t expect us to read our answer to him right out loud. Another gentleman admitted that he wasn’t eligible, but assured us that if we didn’t give him a certificate any way he would ex- pose us in some of our meanness. Now, wasn’t that mean? We didn’t know what to say to him either. In fact it is hard to dispose of some of these knotty questions to an advantage and with profit to yourself. We have been severely condemned in some quarters for act- ing upon the decision of Judge Holmes, of this district, and issuing certificates to those who were entitled to them at the time the law went into effect. A number have not yet heard 230 H. E, TALBOT. of this decision and in one case proceedings were begun against a man who had been registered and held a certificate under this decision, but the matter was brought to our attention in time to save costs to both parties. As no doubt you are all aware, the decision referred to is to the effect that all non-graduates who were eligible to registration at the time the law went into effect are still eligible upon making required application accompanied by affidavits and fee. All kinds of stories have been afloat re- garding this decision ; some to the effect that the law was un- constitutional and could not be enforced and even registered men throughout the State have anxiously written in asking if these stories are true. The worst difficulty which we have en- countered, however, has been with the cases of a number who were rejected before and make application again under this ruling. We have watched them and I think we can safely say that practically none who have been registered under this ruling are incompetent or ineligible. I have heard somewhere that brevity is the soul of wit, and, as I can readily believe that such a quality would be appreci- ated at this time, I will draw my paper to a close after reading a short contribution from the pen of the board stenographer. He has been in our employ for so long that he wants to regis- ter, but we have told him that treating an average of one case every two years is not sufficient and that he would have to go to school. ‘The following verses will be appreciated as an illus- tration of what the veterinarian gets in this world and what he may expect to get in the next. THE VET. He’s a man who gets up early in the mornin’ And the pleasures of good rest he’ll never know. He enjoys a midnight drive out in the country When the mercury is forty-five below. He exists because his neighbors want to use him, He’s the slave of all the country. you can bet ; He’s the man you send for quick When your hoss is gettin’ sick ; He’s that easy goin’ feller called the ‘‘ vet.’’ THE TRIALS OF THE VETERINARY EXAMINING BOARD. 231 If you’re figurin’ on gettin’ help for nothin’, He’s the man you want to call on every time; He can work as hard as any man a-livin’, But collectin’ doesn’t seem to be his line. He’s too busy to remember what you owe him And he’s mighty glad to take what he can get, He don’t look for any pay Til along ’bout Judgment day— And he’s seldom disappointed, is the ‘‘ vet.”’ When accounts on earth have been marked off the ledger And we’re all a-takin’ chances in the sky, When we're kinder blockin’ up the golden stairway Til the angels have to crowd a-gettin’ by ; I'll just bet St. Peter’ll come and tell us fellers That he hasn’t any vacent rooms to let, That we’ll have to turn aroun’, Take the elevator down And go live out in the stable with the ‘‘ vet.”’ ITaLy has more donkeys than any other European country, there being 700,000 of them there. France has of late years taken to mule breeding. In this last industry no country can compete with the United States, where there are more than 3,000,000 mules and donkeys taken together. The mules are for the most part in the West, but there are very many work- ing in the coal and iron mines of Pennsylvania and West Vir- ginia. ‘They are the descendants of the Spanish donkeys that thread the almost inaccessible fastnesses of the Andes. The donkeys of Spain and Calabria, which are exported to Ken- tucky, will bring $200, while the Irish or Italian donkey can be purchased for twelve shillings. Some of the finest mules in Virginia are descended from the jack that was presented to General Washington by the Spanish government. ACCORDING to the New York Suz, there are 43,000,000 horses and mules in Europe, or more than twice as many as are there in this country. THE NEW JERSEY STATE BOARD OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EXAMINERS has organized by electing Dr. Wm. Herbert Lowe, of Paterson, President; Dr. Whitfield Gray, of Newton, Secre- tary, and Dr. T. E. Smith, of Jersey City, Treasurer. 50,000 people witnessed the recent New York speedway parade. “ ACCEPT my congratulations on the marked improvement of a most excellent journal from year to year.—(7. D. Stebbins, V.S., West Winfield, N. Y.) 232 W.. G. HUYETT, OUR INFLUENCE TO THE AGRICULTURIST IN BREED- ING AND FEEDING. By W. G. HuveEttT, M. D. V., WORNERSVILLE, PA. Read before the Schuylkill Valley Veterinary Medical Association, at Reading, Pa., De- cember, 1901. My motive in presenting this paper for your kind attention is not to unearth information upon the subjects of both breed- ing and feeding not yet ascertained; but merely to make men- tion of the fact how the veterinarian may render himself prac- tically more serviceable in general to his patronage than by simply ministering unto the domestic animals when in im- paired health. The average stockman is indeed very negligent and rather careless in managing and seeing to the welfare of his animals —following any system or on none at all; other than being eager to inspire some good quality in his colt, or to feed some balanced ration to his dairy herd, and rely upon the resources. In feeding stock, it is by no means the most food that mak- eth the gain—but the kind and quality, and a variety of that quality—as variety promotes digestion. Many of the large stock-farms or breeding establishments require the constant employment of a competent surgeon, but I have reference to the average agriculturist—the common bréeder on a small scale— generally for his own especial purpose, who lacks the knowl- edge of fundametal principles of breeding, excepting that gained evidently by costly experience, to whom we should contribute our advice, when the privilege suggests itself, as quite often we are approached with such questions ; thus showing the sig- nificance and importance of being posted to meet such require- ments justly and give satisfactory evidence. It is, however, very inconsiderate to be learned like a regular breeder, for some truth resolves upon the expression, ,‘‘ That a breeder, like a poet, is born, not made.” The art of breeding may be divided into two branches ; namely, its principles and its practice. Without the former cor- BREEDING AND FEEDING. 239 rect the latter will be at fault, and it will be a matter of chance or uncertainty whether success or failure results from the union. When certain effects resulting from mating animals are viewed, as the result of certain definite principles relating to the perpetuation and improvement of breeds, the systematic appli- cation of which is clearly under the control of man, then breed. ing will be successful and profitable. The art of breeding always implies that the breeder has in his mind an ideal form or model after which he attempts to mould his strain. In the selection of individuals for paring, generally speaking, those animals having certain points pecul- iarly well developed are mated with those excelling in others directly, in order that a harmonious whole may follow the union. The peculiarities of breeds in animals find an exact coun- terpart in cultivated plants, the value of particular kinds often depending in a great measure upon characters scarcely capable of being defined in the language of scientific description, but to the production and perpetuation of which the attention of the cultivator cannot be too earnestly directed. These also in plants, as in animals, have of themselves little permanence, and the preservation and perpetuation of them de- pends upon the same assiduous attention and high cultivation from which, more frequently than from any mere accidental circumstances they have originated. To the breeding of valu- able domestic animals great attention has of late been paid— probably more since the beginning of the nineteenth century than in all the previous history of the world—and with results the magnitude of which may in some measure be estimated from the statement made on very competent. authority that within the last thirty years the weight of mutton produced has been about doubled in proportion to the number of sheep kept. Sometimes a perpetuation of good qualities is the great ob- ject of the breeder, and a combination of them in the highest possible degree is aimed at. In regard to the physiological principles of breeding, in so far as application of them has yet been found practical, are only 234 W. G. HUYETT. the best know principles of physiology. Ina great measure, however, the rules which guide the breeding of stock have been learned by experience, and are rather to be regarded as contri- butions to science than as deductions from it. The probable relative influence of the male and female parent upon their progeny, is a point unquestionably of the greatest importance, but concerning which widely different opinions have been maintained ; and another much controverted and important point is the propriety of breeding zz and zm. Practically, the rule is always observed by those who seek the improvement of a breed, of selecting the very finest animals possible, both male and female ; although a great improvement of the existing stock on a farm is often effected in the most ad- vantageous manner by the mere introduction of males of better quality. . The dangers of breeding in and in are very generally ac- knowledged, even whilst it is contended that they may very much be obviated by careful rejection of every faulty animal ; and that in this way the utmost advantage may be taken of the very highest improvements; but it is likewise very generally ad- mitted that, if equally improved individuals can be obtained not so nearly related, it is better not to seek the perpetuation of the breed by their means. It is also a rule of much practical importance, that an im- provement of breed is to be attained not by a cross between animals of very different breeds, as between a dray horse and a race horse, but only between those which are comparatively similar. The result of the intermixture of very dissimilar breeds is never in any respect satisfactory. THE bill before the Maryland Legislature, appropriating $2000 and appointing a commission to investigate the disease ‘“‘cerebro-spinal meningitis” (described in the April REVIEW by Dr. S. S. Buckley under the name of ‘‘ Acute Enzootic Leu- coencephalitis’’) has become a law. Because the bill did not provide that the investigation should be carried on by the State Live-Stock officials, they attempted to defeat it. A PHILIPPINE NATIVE. 235 A PHILIPPINE NATIVE. By COLEMAN NocKoLps M. D., V.S., Ver. 1st Cav., U. S. Army, BATANGAS, P. I. Among the large number of pests that are dreaded by our horses in the Philippines perhaps there are none more blood- thirsty and energetic than the land leech. This little parasite measures from 2 to 4 cm. in length and is about as thick as the quill of a large sized chicken-feather when empty and about double that thickness when full of blood. They live in the grass at an elevation of tooo ft. or more above the sea in many parts of the islands and are especially active during the rainy season. I remember a troop commander sending his horses to be herded upon some succulent-looking grass a short distance from camp at a place called Lucban in Tayabas Province, a place particu- larly favorable for leeches, being situated at the base of a large mountain against which clouds were blown so that it rained al- most every day during the year. Ina few minutes the fetlocks and lower portions of the limbs of the horses were literally cov- ered with leeches, which of course caused a general stampede, car- trying the horses (most of which had more or less blood on their limbs from the bites) back to their corral, which was free from grass and leeches. At the same place some time later whilst superintending the destruction of some glandered horses and mules I noticed the leggings which the soldiers and myself were wearing were in a marvelously short space of time swarm- ing with these troublesome little suctoriz. Evidently they make good use of their eyes (which I believe are ten or more in num- ber), for quite one-fourth of them had their little elongated bodies partially through the eyelets of our shoes and leggings, in spite of the fact that we were exceedingly busy knocking them off. On the march when one is apt to neglect to think of their existence they often gain entrance to the ears, nose and even conjunctiva of both horses and men. A very favorable site for them to attach themselves is the glands penis and anus in man and the fetlocks, sheath, anus, nose and mouth of horses. ‘They 236 COLEMAN NOCKOLDS. will also attach themselves to any part of the skin if unable to reach portions mentioned. It is fortunate that such a remedy as soap-suds or salt and water will kill these little pests. It is said that natives and native animals have died from the effects of the anzemia produced by the persistent bites and bloodlettings of these parasites, but other than the discomfort of seeing or knowing that they have attached themselves to the body I have not seen any bad effects from them either among animals or men. Sometimes several hundred may be found on one horse. ANOTHER HOPPLED PACER.—The ‘strap brigade’? must feel flattered by the latest addition to their ranks. It belongs in Indiana, from whence originated the name ‘Indiana Pa- jamas.”’ The new comer to the pacing ranks is an animal that ‘wears hair’? just as a horse does, but it also wears horns, for it is nothing more or less than a yearling steer, and already has shown an eighth with the hopples on in eighteen seconds, a 2.24 clip. If its trainer succeeds in conditioning this wonder- ful pacing machine to carry the clip for a mile, will it be elig- ible to the list of standard pacing performers? How proud some owners of hoppled pacers (horses) that could not beat 2.25 would feel if this pacing cow (steer) should take a mark of 2.24. ‘There is one thing about this new hoppled performer in which it beats the ordinary hoppled pacers, and that is, that after its days of usefulness as a track performer are over, it can at least be made: available as material for a beef stew (without prejudice.) Just to illustrate the real commercial value of a hoppled pacer, why not get up a race between this new phe- nomenon and a yearling gelding, and see which will bring the most money at auction? Who has a yearling gelding that can pace an eighth, with the hopples on, right now, in eighteen seconds? At the next meeting of the Turf Congress it will probably be necessary to introduce a new rule something on _the following lines: ‘Bulls, steers, cows, elephants, camels, dromedaries, elks and other such animals wearing hopples will not be eligible to start against horses, unless especially per- mitted to pay the published conditions of the race.”” Welcome : to the new addition to the pacing brigade. It only helps to show how the use of hopples has deteriorated the value of horses.—(Am. Hlorse-Breeder, Ap. 23). GLYCO-HEROIN IN THE TREATMENT OF COUGHS. 237 GLYCO-HEROIN (SMITH) IN THE TREATMENT OF COUGHS. By J. F. DEVINE, D. V. S., GosHEN, N. Y. Last fall I received a sample of glyco-heroin (Smith), also some literature giving testimonials as to its efficiency in the treatment of coughs, from the Marlin H. Smith Co., 68 Murray St., New York. I decided to give it a trial, as I then had in mind a couple of cases of chronic cough which had almost proven a bane to my existence. I have since treated eleven cases and below give a short clinical report of same :— Case I.—Bay gelding, hack horse, thin in flesh, capricious appetite, temperature normal, severe laryngeal cough of about four months’ duration. Having been through the regular course of treatment for such conditions but with no benefit whatever, I prescribed glyco-heroin (Smith), Oi. Sig Zsst.i.d. After he had taken Oi without any apparent result, I then decided to give larger and more frequent doses (having by this time ob- tained good results from Cases II. and III.) I again prescribed for him glyco-heroin, Oii. Sig. 2ii every four hours. He showed decided improvement in three days and in about ten days his cough had subsided, his condition improved, and every- body is pleased with the results. Case I7T.—Brown gelding, race horse, in perfect health ; tem- perature normal, etc. ; would jog at ease, but to start him meant a violent paroxysm of coughing, which would unbalance him and cause him to break. Prescribed glyco-heroin Oil. Sig. 311 every four hours, which proved effective in two days. Case IT].—Bay mare, race horse, which had been treated by the writer some three months before for influenza and as a se- quel she still had a severe laryngeal cough much to the annoy- ance of the owner. She received everything on the calendar, blister, etc., but she got no relief. Prescribed same as for No. II, and cough subsided in about one week. Case IV.—Bay gelding, gentleman’s road horse ; had been 238 J. F. DE VINE. sick some three months before and had coughed ever since. Pre- scribed same as for others. He left word at my office about three weeks later that the treatment was satisfactory, but I have never seen him since to get a complete history. Case V.—Bay mare, race horse, just shipped from West Vir- ginia ; hasa bad cough, feels well, and no elevation of tempera- ture. Prescribed same as others. Used about half the quantity. The rest of the cases treated simulated those just described, more or less, with same results, excepting Case IX, which was a poorly nourished hack horse, and showed no improvement whatever. I am not certain that he received his medicine at all ; if so, I doubt its regularity. I have never used glyco-heroin during the active stages of any conditions where it would seem indicated (say, laryngitis, pharyngitis, etc.), and therefore cannot say anything for or against it in such conditions. My reasons for not giving it a trial at such times is that there are so many cheaper remedies which have always served us to a nicety, but there are cases, and we all meet them now and then, when we would gladly turn to anything to suppress the cough and silence the owner, and for such glyco-heroin (Smith) has a place in veterinary medicine. OBJECT TO BEING CALLED “ Doc.”— Syracuse, N. Y., Apral 7.—Syracuse physicians have united in an effort to start a movement against being addressed as ‘“‘ Doc.” - Their plan is to call attention to the nickname every time they hear it and ask that it be discontinued in addressing them. ‘They think it is correct enough to call druggists and veterinary surgeons by the nickname, but not doctors of medicine. A well known physi- cian said to-day, as he corrected a friend who used the offensive diminutive: ‘I hope you won’t be offended, but we physicians consider the term ‘ Doc.’ an insult. Call us by our Christian names or family names, but please not the nickname—it is un- worthy of the profession and belittles the men in it. You can call a horse doctor or a druggist ‘Doc.’ without offending the proprieties, but not a physician. If the newspapers will assist in breaking up the habit they will earn the gratitude of the men in the profession.”—(New York World.) REPORTS OF CASES. 239 REPORTS OF CASES. ** Careful observation makes a skillful practitioner, but his skill dies with him. By re- cording his observations, he adds tothe knowledge of his profession, and assists by his facts in building up the solid edifice of pathological science.”’ SUBDURAL CEREBRAL HAS!MORRHAGE—INSTANT DEATH. By JOHN J. REpp, V. M. D., Professor of Pathology, Veterinary Divi- sion, Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa. Swdject.—Pure-bred shire stallion, age 9 years, weight 1700 lbs. History: Had been rather carelessly kept during the win- ter. About March 15, 1902, the owner began to prepare him for sale. He was sold on Monday, April 28, 1902, and from ‘that time to Monday, May 5, when he died, he received liberal rations and moderate exercise. At about 2 Pp. M. May 5, the owner started to lead him several miles into the country. When the edge of the village, about one-half mile from the stable, was reached, a freight train passed by close to the road on which the stallion was being led. The stallion became frightened somewhat at the train, but not markedly, and did not act very violently. He became quiet again, but had not progressed more than 50 feet when he began to reel, staggered to the side of the road, fell to the ground, and was dead in one minute. The owner, with a view to the recovery of the price paid for the animal, requested me to make an autopsy. This was begun at 5 A.M. May 6. A Autopsy.—Animal in good condition of flesh ; lying on right side; left fore and hind limb slightly in advance; right fore limb flexed at knee and pastern. Rigor mortis present ; no ex- ternal evidence of violence; about 2 lbs. of faeces apparently passed from rectum after falling lay on the ground; anus dilated about one inch; penis protruded full length; eyes half closed; small amount of blood issued from nostrils; marked abdominal tympany, which was of post-mortem development, as the owner said there was no tympany at the time of death. In making superficial incisions it was noticed that the blood was very dark in color and not coagulated. This was noted later throughout the body. Muscles were pale and. had somewhat of a cooked appearance ; right testicle and tunica vaginalis adhe- rent; some congestion, apparently hypostatic, around right spermatic cord ; left tunica vaginalis slightly dropsical ; super- ficial lymphatic glands hyperemic; diaphragm ruptured after death at its lower half, the rupture being about six inches in 240 REPORTS OF CASES. size and irregular in outline; general chronic simple gastro- enteritis of mild form. On opening the occipito-atloid articu- lation and cutting through the dura mater for the purpose of removing the head, about a pint of blood ran out from both above and below the articulation. On removal of the brain the base of the skull was found filled with blood. The point of rupture was not located, but it was doubtless in some part of the cerebro-spinal or the internal carotid artery where these vessels pass through the subdural space. It may be of interest to observe that there was no subarachnoid, interstitial or intra- ventricular haemorrhage. The hzemorrhage was purely sub- dural. Remarks.—Death was doubtless the result of violent inter- ference with the centres in the medulla oblongata which con- trol the vital functions. It is doubtless true that sudden death of animals is often due to cerebral hemorrhage. When an autopsy is made on these cases removal and examination of the brain should not be neglected. A CASE OF VOMITING IN A COw.* By R. J. MICHENER, V. S., Lebanon, . Ohio. I was called Dec. 17, 1900, to see a large black-and-white cow, which the owner stated had a cough, and after eating would vomit up large quantities of undigested food. On arrival found animal very much emaciated; pulse 60, temperature 102° the afternoon; appetite fair. On auscultation found slight mucous rales in the right lung, left one apparently healthy. Bowels slightly constipated. She had a nice fat calf, a few weeks old, by her side, which indicated a good flow of milk. ie prescribed oleum lini, Oi; also fld. ext. nux and belladonna, each 3i, three times aday. As the oil had but little effect I prescribed in two days after, sulphate magnesium, lb 1., which prevented to some extent the vomiting, but improvement was only of short duration, for she was soon as bad as ever again. After using the nux awhile without apparent benefit, I tried hyposulph. soda in the feed twice per day, with no better re- sults. Next I resorted to hydrastis canadensis fluid extract, two drachms three times per day, with no better results than before. About this time some one suggested to the owner to give her coffee, well browned, which was done, with the result that after two doses she ceased vomiting and ‘her appetite im- * Read before the Ohio State Veterinary Medical Association, Jan. 14th, 1902. REPORTS OF CASES. 241 proved somewhat, and when grass came she was turned to pas- ture and improved rapidly in flesh and also in flow of milk, as she gave 40 lbs. per day, but still continued to cough. I neglected to state that the last of March I tested her with tuberculin, with negative results. I heard nothing more from her until Nov. 10, 1901, when the owner stated that he found her dead in the stable that morning, having apparently died without a struggle. He also stated that he fed and milked late the night before, and that she seemed well and ate her feed up clean. As I had to go away that day, I requested him to leave her until the next morning to bury, to which he made no objec- tion. On the following morning I went to examine my cadaver and was informed by the owner that, not wishing to wait for me, he got the assistance of a butcher to open it, with the fol- lowing result: Lungs, liver, kidneys and stomach healthy. Small intestines slightly inflamed. Quite a good deal of fat about the kidneys, indicating that she was in good condition. I am sorry to state the heart was not examined, as I think there must have been trouble with that organ to account for her sud- den death. AMPUTATION OF A BULL’S PENIS.* By GEo. M. WALROD, V. S., Storm Lake, Ia. On September 25, 1901, I was called to see a bull which the owner said had hurt his penis. On arriving I found the bull with his penis protruding about five or six inches, and split at the end for a distance of about 1% ins. On further examina- tion I found the penis very much enlarged for about five or six inches inside the sheath and gangrenous. My prognosis was that I might save the animal but not the penis. The owner told me to do as I thought best, so I concluded to amputate the penis. I divided the sheath from the prepuce back to near the scrotum, and then divided the tissues of the penis until I came to the urethra, ligating the external and internal pudic arteries. I then dissected out one-half inch of the urethra and cut through it at right angles to its long axis, so as to leave the stub of the urethra about one-half inch longer than the remnant of the penis. ‘Then I divided the protruding part of the urethra into three equal parts suturing each part to the corpus spongiosum. *Read before the 14th Annual Meeting of the Iowa State Veterinary Medical Asso- ciation, Feb, 11 and 12, 1902. 242 REPORTS OF CASES. I then dissected the mucous lining from the sheath and excised a little of the sheath at the prepuce. I then sutured the skin incision which had been made in the sheath. Antiseptic pre- cautions were, of course, taken throughout. Antiseptic wash was used for a few days after the operation, and then this was followed by an ointment composed of iodoform and petrolatum, I to 8, applied to the rudimentary penis. The animal made a good recovery without missing a feed. He was stall fed for three months, at the end of which time he was quite fat and was sold for beef. Dr. Heck asked if the members thought that amputation of the horse’s penis could be done with the animal in the standing position. He said he was thinking of trying it with the horse standing by the aid of cocaine locally. None of the members had had experience with the horse standing, but those who ex- pressed themselves thought it could not be done in that way, and that the animal should be cast. HYDROPS AMNII. By S. R. Howarp, V. S., Hillsboro, Ohio. Subject, ten-year-old white cow, of average size ; owner, John Barrett, near Centerfield, O.; bred two years before. All this time she remained in apparent good health, but gradually in- creasing in abdominal girth. No calf or signs of calving. Owner spanned her abdomen with rope and measured rope with square. Her abdominal dimension was fully fifteen feet in cir- cumference. Have had several similar cases, but in many years of practice I have never seen such distension and never expect to again. It will read very incredible that she was very hard to catch on account of her being very fleet of foot. I punctured her right flank low down, with large-sized horse trocar and canula. For three and one-half hours a very strong and constant stream ran down the knoll on which she stood. It was growing dark and cold. She was panting consider- ably ; her flanks collapsed and she was getting very weak. Withdrew canula. Six months after owner informed me she quickly fattened and went to market with other cattle. The liquid discharge was limpid and transparent. A MILD CASE OF TETANUS (?) By F. R. WHIPPLE, M. D. V., Kewanee, Illinois. On April 16 a farmer came into my office saying he had a REPORTS OF CASES. 243 mare that he thought had pinkeye; said eye was very much inflamed, and eyelids very much swollen; appetite was good and he was working her every day in the field. I gave him a four-ounce bottle of zinc sulphate solution to bathe eyes with. April 24th he drove the mare to town, saying she was no better. I walked up the street where mare was standing, . and when I took hold of the bridle she raised her head, expos- ing the membrana nictitans as much as in any case of tetanus I ever have seen, but could see no other symptoms of tetanus ; no elevation of tail, no stiffness in gait, and eating as good as any horse; no dilatation of the nostrils, etc. On May 4th the mare was driven to town and is slowly improving, the mem- _brane covering a very little of the eyeball now. Now, has this been a mild case of tetanus, or what was it ? FOREIGN BODIES IN BUCCAL, CAVITY. By J. B. L. TERRELL, V. S., Dresden, Tenn. I read an article in the March REVIEW about foreign sub- stance in the horse’s mouth. I had two cases last year, both corn cobs, one between third upper molars. The owner had bought the horse three weeks previous, and the seller stated that he was sound, but was not eating much; teeth were off some way; slobbering some. When I removed the cob about half a pint of pus came out. The cob was buried about an inch; swelling almost covered cob. The second horse had not eaten or drank anything for four days ; was not slobbering any; a great deal of inflammation of roof of mouth, but no pus. This was between the fourth upper molars. Removed the cob and had no further trouble. FOREIGN SUBSTANCE IN A MULE’S FOOT. By). 2 Ua bERRELT, Vi. 6-,, Dresden, enn. A mule was brought to me by owner, who stated that about fourteen months previous it had stuck a piece of pine plank in the toe of the right fore foot, in the center. He pulled out the piece, the wound healed, but animal would get very lame at times. The foot back of the heel had a very tender place on the inside, which broke, and I probed and removed a piece of pine plank a little over one inch long, one-half inch wide, one- eighth inch thick at one end and nearly three-quarters at the other. The small end up, where I caught it with pincers. The mule did well with but little treatment. 244. DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY. DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY. By L. A. AND KE. MERILLAT, Chicago Veterinary College, 2537-39 State Street, Chicago, Il. GASTROHYSTEROTOMY. By Dr. L. C. BUTTERFIELD. GASTROHYSTEROTOMY OR CAiSAREAN SECTION 1s an op- eration performed to deliver the foetus from the uterus of the mother. It consists of performing laparotomy and hysterotomy, as the name implies, and the delivery of the young through these artificial channels. This is an operation which was per- formed and written on from a very early period in the world’s history. But owing to the fact that it being an operation fol- lowed by the most dire results, it does not at this time occupy a very prominent place in veterinary surgery. But from a theo- retical point of view there is no reason why it should not be more often employed in cases of dystokia in the cow, from the simple fact that odphorectomy is practiced with impunity in these animals, and as the ox to all appearances is less liable to septic infection. [ndications.—T his operation should be attempted when there is any malpresentation which would make it impossible to de- liver the foetus through the natural channels. When the fcetus is too large to be delivered unless embryotomy were performed, and the foetus being of more value than the dam, were it deliv- ered alive, itis desirous of saving its life while the life of the dam might be sacrificed. Again, when the mother, near the termina- tion of pregnancy, is so seriously ill or injured that she cannot live until delivery takes place, it would then be advisable to kill the mother and the foetus be extracted at once, the progeny being of enough value to warrant the operation. In these latter cases it should be applied to the mare as well. But in this we will deal with the operation as it applies to the cow, with a view of saving the mother as well as the young. As this is an operation of the most complicated and serious type performed in veterinary surgery, the operator should spare no pains, in the method of performance, preparation and equip- ments. The operation should be performed under profound anes- thesia and under the most strict antiseptic precautions, with the help of at least three trustworthy assistants. Znstruments.—(a) Scalpel, (b) probe-pointed bistoury, (c) DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY. 245 curved scissors, (d) hzemostatic forceps, (e) needles, (f) sutures, absorbent cotton, and bandages. Preparation. Seat of operation should be shaved covering an area of at least fourteen square inches. Should then be thoroughly scrubbed with soap and water, dried, and again thoroughly washed with a mercuric chloride solution (1- 500). Patient should then be thrown on the left side, with as much care as possible, using the ordinary side-lines; patient should be cast on a bed of straw or fine shavings, which had been previ- ously wet down with a solution of good antiseptic of some kind. The patient is now anesthetized, and side-lines removed and field of operation again sterilized with mercuric chloride (1- 500). As soon as anzesthesia is complete, operation should be car- tied out as follows: Incision is first made through skin of right flank, below and in front of the anterior spine of the ilium. ‘The incision should pass downward and forward, following the fibres of the small oblique muscle. The length of incision will depend on size of animal: in a cow of ordinary size, it should be from twelve to fourteen inches in length. The incision through the skin made, incision should then be made through the muscles, and all blood vessels should be picked up and ligated as met with. Once through skin and muscles, the peritoneum is brought to view ; ereat care should now be used in making incision into this. A small opening should be made in this at the upper commis- sure of the external incision, using extreme care that the in- testines are not injured. The first two fingers ofthe left hand are now passed through the opening, and, using them as a di- rectory, the incision is made in the peritoneum similar to the one made in cuticle and muscles. The operator now passes his hand into the abdominal cavity and locates the uterus, which when found, should be brought opposite the external incision, should it not be there at first. Two assistants now compress the borders of the incision, bring- ing them in close apposition with the uterus. This the oper- ator cuts through slowly, layer after layer, using extreme care, so as to avoid wounding the foetal membranes. Two fingers are again inserted between the walls of the uterus and the feetal membranes, and the probe-pointed bistoury is again used as in the incision through the peritoneum. The foetal membranes are now torn near the lower commissure of the incision in the uterus and the amniotic fluid allowed to escape outside the 246 DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY. peritoneal cavity. The surgeon’s hand is now inserted into the uterus and grasps any part of the foetus it may come in con- tact with and delivers it through the openings made. The um- bilical cord is quickly ligated, severed, and the young creature is given to an assistant, who sees that it receives proper attention. The foetal membranes are then quickly removed and the in- terior of uterus sponged out with weak solution of carbolic acid, which should be at the body temperature. It should then be dried with absorbent cotton and the interior of uterus spar- ingly dusted with powdered boric acid. The wound in the uterus is now sutured, using Lembert’s or Lembert-Czerny sutures; for suturing the uterus sterilized cat-gut should be used. The uterus is now allowed to assume its normal position, and the external incision is sutured, using either button or quill sutures. After suturing, the incision is dusted with dry dressing, preferably iodoform, and three layers of absorbent cot- ton applied, to be held in place by a bandage at least six inches wide passed several times around the body. ‘Then over all an abdominal supporter of heavy canvas is applied. This sup- porter should be allowed to reach from the fore-limbs to the hind-limbs and external angles of the ilium, and fastened in a secure manner at the back. The surgeon will probably meet with some difficulty in ap- plying these bandages, as they must be applied with the animal still in the recumbent position. After they are once in place the animal is allowed to regain her feet. After-care of patient would consist of administering such drugs as would: prevent straining, combined with stimulants. Much straining is to be avoided, as straining would cause a tearing out of the sutures and the death of the animal. Patient should be fed on soft diet. Bandages should be re- moved about the fifth day and the incision irrigated with a bland antiseptic, after which dry dressings should be applied, and the wound dzessed every day thereafter until union is complete. Patient should not be allowed to lie down until the wound is perfectly healed. The sequele to this operation are many and varied, but we will speak of but a few of the more prominent ones. The first shock would follow within a few hours of opera- tion. ‘Tearing out of sutures and prolapsus of intestines may follow any time from the time tle operation is performed until perfect union of the parts takes place. DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY. 247 ~ Metritis and metro-peritonitis are liable to occur any time from end of the second day until the tenth day following the operation. If the patient is alive at the end of the tenth. day, you need have little fear of the above named sequel, but there is a chance that, although no infection has taken place, there will be sufficient inflammation set up to cause adhesion of some parts of the intestines to the incisions made, either in the ab- dominal wall or the uterus, which would in all probability cause the death of the animal at a later period. SURGICAL ITEMS. X-Rays tn. Cancer.—It has been recently proven beyond question that the Roentgen rays exerts a decided inhibitory effect upon the growth of carcinomata. A number of experi- menters have reported excellent results, and evidence at this writing would indicate that the new treatment is at least pali- ative if not curative. The discovery will, of course, attract only nominal attention in veterinary surgery because ‘“ unoper- ative”’ cancer is seldom treated by the veterinary surgeon. Pa- tients thus afflicted are usually killed. This new departure might, however, be utilized in prolonging the life of a favorite pet or valuable brood-mare.—(Z. A. JZ). PRESIDENT LOWE, of the New Jersey State Board of Vet- erinary Medical Examiners, announces that an examination for license to practice veterinary medicine, surgery and dentistry in the State of New Jersey will be held at the State capital in the city of Trenton, on Tuesday, June 24. Doc Won’r Buy RivaL PAPER.—Concord, N. H., May z7o.—There is a dog that has become able to distinguish between two daily papers published here, and he has gained considerable local reputation. He calls at a news stand every evening for his master’s favorite paper, which is carefully folded by the dealer and placed in the dog’s mouth. A few days ago the dealer folded a copy of the opposition sheet and tried to induce the dog to take it. The animal instead be- gan to growl and snarl and make things uncomfortable in the vicinity of the news stand. No amount of coaxing would pacify him until his favorite paper was placed in his mouth. Then he wagged his tail and trotted off. “T COULD NOT DO WITHOUT THE REVIEW, for I would be at a loss in not keeping up with the times.’—(P. A. Grrard, M. D. C., New Richmond, W's.) 248 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. GERMAN REVIEW. By ADOLPH EICHORN, D. V. S., Bureau of Animal Industry, Milwaukee, Wis. SHALL HORSES BE WATERED BEFORE, BETWEEN, OR AFTER FEEDING? [£aperimental Investigations, by Prof. Dr. F. Tangle.|—The differences in opinion, also the importance of this question, caused the author to undertake a series of experi- ments—one may say the first in this line—to determine the time most suitable for watering the animals. The experiments | were performed in a systematic way on several horses at a time, and all the experiments were verified by a double chemical an- alysis, so that the results might be considered conclusive, as to which method of the digestion of food is most perfect. The work is of the greatest interest, and as it is too extensive, I will confine myself to the practical conclusions, which are the fol- lowing : Horses may be watered during, before, or after feeding, without impairing the nutritive value of the food. Each method of watering is equally agreeable to the horse, and may be prac- ticed according to circumstances. ‘That thereare circumistances which will compel one or the other method of watering need hardly be mentiored. (The author would only like to men- tion, for example, that animals after a great loss of water, for instance, after work of long duration—should be watered before feeding, as the animal will not properly partake of food before they quench their thirst.) Although each method of watering agrees equally with the horse, it is not advisable to change un- necessarily the method of watering, as it appears that animals wil] not remain indifferent to a change in the accustomed wa- tering, as in most cases this was indicated by the experiments. In every case when there was a change made from watering after feeding to watering before feeding, there was observed a diminishing in the appetite for a few days. Not that they re- fused to consume the food placed before them, but they did not manifest the same eagerness in partaking of the food ; it took a longer time before it was consumed. This was not observed in changing the watering from before to after feeding, or from after to between feeding. It is probable that the watering be- fore feeding causes a certain sense of satiation to which the an- imals must become accustomed.—(Ber/. Thierarzt. Woch.) EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 249 REMOVAL OF A NEW FORMATION OF THE LUNG IN A DoG BY AN OPERATION (PNEUMECTOMY) [Prof Dr. Parascandolo]. —A hunting dog showed symptomis of an affection of the right lung. From the results of a repeated microscopical examina- tion of the nasal discharge, the presence of a new formation was conclusively diagnosed, and a removal of the same, by means of performing pneumectomy, was decided upon. The field of operation was carefully cleansed and disinfected, and the dog was anzesthetized with morphine injections and chloroform in- halations. With the aid of Lechner’s apparatus (a mouth speculum), the mouth was kept open, and a rubber tube intro- duced into the larynx, which was connected with a bellows. With the latter, during the operation, an artificial respiration was maintained by an assistant. The opening of the thorax was performed by Tussier’s method, in the second intercostal space, a few centimeters from the sternum, by an incision through the skin and muscles. After a careful detachment of . the costal pleura, with the aid of the thumb and forefinger, a nodule of the size of a hazelnut was located in the lung. In removing the same a forceps of which the ends. were covered with rubber were introduced, the parietal layer of the pleura torn, aud the part which contained the nodule was pulled out, ligated with silk and cut off. The stump of the lung was care- fully sewed to the periosteum of the ribs. Muscles and skin were also united by stitches, and the wound covered by collod- ium, xeroform and bandage. The wound healed without a reac- tion, and after 15 days the dog was discharged as cured. The examination of the extirpated lung revealed afew small isolated nodules, which proved to be of a carcinomatous nature.— (Archiv. f. wiss. and Prac. Thierhk.) PETECHIAL FEVER (MorBus MACULOSUS) IN HORSE AND TRANSMISSION OF THE SAME TO MAN [Bock].—A horse af- fected with petechial fever (purpura heemorrhagica) was on the road to recovery with the use of argent. colloidale, iodide of potassium in the drinking water, etc. On the twentieth day of the sickness, about four days after the apparent recovery, the patient manifested symptoms of a developing suppurative pneu- monia, which on the fourth day resulted in the death of the patient. Autopsy: Suppurative pleuro-pneumonia. ‘This case is of great interest for the reason that a few days after the death of the horse the driver became affected with the mani- festations of petechial fever. After imtroductive headaches, loss of appetite and general weakness, which were first attrib- 250 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. uted to a cold, the condition became very aggravated. After eight days a few red spots made their appearance on the body, also on the inside of the knee and elbow. ‘The patient com- plained of pain in the muscles, so that every motion caused great pains. The consulting physician established a diagnosis of morbus maculosus transmitted from the horse. The mani- festations of the disease became more marked until the twelfth day, the red blotches increased in number, there was cedema of the legs, on the body, also effusions in the elbow and knee joints, so that the patient could hardly move, suffering great agony. The disease terminated favorably ; in about eight weeks complete recovery took place. In discussing the case with the attending physician, he remarked that during the past summer he observed two similar cases. In the one case, it was the driver affected, who attended a horse suffering and suc- cumhing to morbus maculosus. In the other case, a reserve officer of the army was the victim; he rode his horse until it became affected with morbus maculosus, resulting in the death of the animal. In both cases the affections were morbus macu- losus Werlhofii. Up till now the identity of these two diseases is not determined, though Dieckerhoff has already noted their similarity. The observed cases are sufficient to emphasize caution when treating an animal for morbus maculosus, also to instruct the attending persons.—(Zeztschr. f. Vet.) CHININ AS STIPTICUM AND ANTISEPTICUM.—Marx, in the Centralbl. f. Chirurgie, recommends as a wound dressing the saturation of the dressing in the following solution : -R Chinin hydrochl. 1.0 Sprts. rect. 3.0 Aque dest. ad. 100.0 This solution is supposed to stop all parenchymatous hzemorrhages, and also to act as an antiseptic. ENGLISH REVIEW. By Prof. A. LIAUTARD, M. D., V. M. INTUSSUSCEPTION OF THE C&cuM [W. Shaw, FR. C. V.S.| —The author after considering the fact that invagination of the intestines is, in the horse, uncommon when compared with twists or impaction of the bowels from dung-balls or stony con- cretions, and, again, that intussusception of the small intes- EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 251 tines, if to any large degree of length, usually causes acute agony and death ina short time, relates the surprise he had when making the post-mortem of a mare which he had advised to be killed, because he suspected her suffering with a dung-ball of the colon and in which he found that the whole czecum had passed into the colon, and when this intestine was opened the czecum was found laying there like an immense dung-ball, with its walls at least four inches thick and the whole mass black as coal. ‘The mare had been taken ill three weeks before, being uneasy with little abdominal pains; these remained until she was killed. She fed some, had small passages, was never in very acute pain. These were dull and intermittent, with relief now and then as in intestinal obstruction. The animal was nearly always lying down, and at times would get up and move about as though there was nothing wrong with her.—( Veter. kecora). PERMANGANATE OF POTASSIUM AS A DRy DRESSING [_/. S. Wood, M. R. C. V. S.|.—The use of this drug as a powder ap- plied on wounds seems not to be recommended in English text- books, says the author, Finlay Dun remarking that in strong solutions it is irritant and caustic, and Tuson recommending it in the form of liquor potassze permanganate for the treatment of fcetid wounds. Mr. Wood recommends the powder as a dry dressing and finds it more effective under that form. For ordin- ary wounds he powders the crystals and mixes them with pow- dered boric acid in the proportion of one of the former to two or three of the second. With such, unhealthy wounds are quickly changed in aspect. It is also most advantageous in the treat- ment of open joints, as it stops the discharge, and protects the wound from external influence. It is essential to keep the wound as dry as possible on account of the irritation produced by strong solutions. The following is recorded as one illustra- tion: A mare received a wound on the hock above the os calcis. Seen a few days after the accident, her leg is much swollen and there is abundant synovial discharge. Fora few days continued cold irrigations were resorted to, when the wound took a very unhealthy aspect and the synovial discharge increased profusely. Irrigations were stopped and a little dusting of powdered man- ganate applied. The next day the discharge had stopped, a crust was formed over the wound. ‘This was left undisturbed and when the leg was dressed two days later, the wound was found covered with healthy granulations and rapidly healing.— (Veter. Record.) 252 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. CIRCUMSCRIBED TRAUMATIC PLEURITIS IN A MARE [W. Scott, F. R. C. V. S.])—This case is that of a mare which at a second visit made by the assistant of the author was found suf- fering with pleurisy of a traumatic nature. The animal had a punctured wound situated between the sixth and seventh ribs, midway between the vertebre and the sternum, the wound be- ing large enough te admit with difficulty one’s small finger. The respiration was accelerated, pulse full and irregular, tem- perature 104.3 F. On auscultation there was an area of friction nine or ten inches in diameter. Suspecting the presence of a foreign body, the wound was enlarged, carefully searched, and closed antiseptically. It, however, suppurated, and took seven weeks to heal. As the repairing process went on the temper- ature lowered, respiration returned to normal and the recovery followed. The most interesting part of the case, however, is the peculiarities presented by the friction murmur that was detected in auscultation. Mr. Scott says: “It is invariably stated that the rhythm of friction is synchronous with that of respiration ; this case in point proved that that statement is fal- lacious inasmuch as the rhythm of friction was continuous, while that of respiration of course was interrupted, although one could not hear at that particular spot the respiratory pause.” —(Veter. Record.) THREE CASES OF INTERESTING FRACTURES [ W. Scott, F. R. Cc. V. S.|—Case 7.—An aged pony, which had shied, got whip- ped, made a plunge and became suddenly so lame that he was taken home with difficulty. The diagnosis of fracture of the zlium was readily made, and, after a fortnight’s treatment, the animal was destroyed. At the post mortem the fracture was found through the shaft of the ilium, extending obliquely from a little below the center of the external tuberosity of the ilium to the internal border at about its middle between the internal angle of the bone and the cotyloid crest. Case //.—Fracture of the right wing of the atlas in a ten-months-old greyhound, received while playing with a fox terrier. ‘The fracture ex- tended from forward backward, from anterior to the posterior border. The treatment was as follows: ‘‘ A piece of chamois leather was cut so as to form a hood, allowing two holes for the ears to protrude, which served the double purpose of fix- ation and covering ; then a layer of cotton wool was laid over the dorsal extremity of the wing, and then a plate of sheet lead was placed firmly on and extended over part of the occiput and body of the atlas and bent under the left wing, thereby giving EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 253 at once fixation and consistence to the parts. Calico band- ages soaked in potassium silicate were then wound around the neck, sufficiently tight to prevent movement; over all this a plaster bandage.”” Recovery was perfect. Case ///.—This ani- mal, a three-year-old heifer, had been under treatment for three weeks for post-partum paralysis. A diagnosis of hip-joint dis- ease was made and the cow killed. At the autopsy extensive effusion round the coxo-femoral joint was found with a frac- ture of the great trochanter and head of the femur.—( Vez. Rec.) A ‘TROUBLESOME CASE OF AcTINoMycosis [C. A. Powell, M. Rk. C. V. S.|—In this case the treatment by iodide of potas- siuin has not proved as successful as it generally is. An eigh- teen-months-old steer was suffering with actinomycosis. The tongue was involved, it being badly indurated and one mass of ulcerations. The tissues underneath were also involved and there was extensive swelling of a hard character in the maxil- lary space. Of course, there was constant dribbling at the mouth. Treatment was begun on April 25th, and consisted in biniodide of mercury, six grains, twice a day. After a month, there being but little improvement, iodide of potassium was substituted for the mercury, two drachms twice a day. One pound of this being exhausted, great improvement was mani- fested, and again the biniodide of mercury resumed and kept up to August 9th, when recovery was complete.—( Journ. of Comp. Path. and Thera.) DISEASED CONDITION OF THE (HSOPHAGUS—TWO INTER- ESTING CasEs [ A. Woodruff, M. R. C. V. S.|.—These relate to two animals, a mare aged eight years, and an old bay gelding, both of whom presented somewhat similar and yet different symptoms. The first, when fed on hay, would swallow two or three times, then give a slight cough and then emit food ina slimy condition from both nose and mouth. After a brief rest, she would resume eating and after a varying interval, one to 10 minutes, would show the same symptoms. Sometimes a whole feed would be taken and retained until, a few minutes after, a fit of coughing would occur and a varving amount would be thrown back’ by nose and mouth. The kind of food did not make any difference ; water was returned almost immediately, without any cough. "With these exceptions, the mare seemed quite healthy. The mare was destroyed and nothing was no- ticed except that the cesophagus contracted after death, the con- tractions occurring from 10 to 15 minutes after the mare was knocked down, and increased in force and duration whenever 254 A QUARTER OF A CENTURY’S USEFULNESS. the cardiac opening was touched. During the contraction the cesophagus became as hard and rigid asa tendon. In the case of the gelding, there was difficulty in swallowing, slow feed- ing, and the water was returned at once when the animal drank. On the course of the cesophagus there was a slight swelling about the middle of the neck, which was found to vary with the length of time since the horse had fed ; that is, large and well marked just after a meal and gradually going away. A dilata- tion of the cesophagus was suscepted and demonstrated by the introduction of a probang. No treatment was applied.—(/ourn. of Comp. Path. and Thera.) A QUARTER OF A CENTURY’S USEFULNESS. [Zditorial in Journal of Comparative Medicine and Veterinary Archives, April, 1902.) Our esteemed contemporary the AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW has turned the twenty-fifth milestone of its existence in the journalistic pathway of veterinary medicine. Given birth by the U. S. V. M. A., it served for many years as the chronicle of the work of the members of that organiza- tion, and accomplished much in attracting attention to the strength and work of many of the individual members of the national organization. The first twenty years of its career it was most ably edited by that great teacher, writer, and supporter of college and asso- ciation power, A. Liautard, who, in maintaining a higher cur- riculum for our schools, a broader field of journalistic work, added much at all times to the worth and scope of American veterinary literature. Like many other scientific journals, it has never had the support of the veterinary profession that it deserved, and its ed- iting and publication have been a matter of loving devotion to an adopted profession. The high ethical standard established by its founder and chief editor for more than a score of years did much indeed to give standing and recognition to the birth and growth of a new profession in our country. We wish for its present editorial direction and management the same grand results in the present cycle of years; a better financial support than it has ever had before; that it may not yield to any departure from the strong ethical lines it has well advocated, but in greater returns make broader and richer its field of usefulness in adding strength and value to future Amer- ican veterinary literature. SOCIETY MEETINGS. 255 SOCIETY MEETINGS. PENNSYLVANIA STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. The annual meeting was opened at Odd Fellow’s Temple, - Philadelphia, Pa., March 4, 1902, and was called to order by the President, Dr. Harger, at 10.30 A.M. The following mem- _bers were present :—Drs. W. G. Benner, Doylestown; John L. Bradley, Mercersburg; J. F. Butterfield, South Montrose; M. J. Chrisman, Sugar Grove; M. J. Collins, Myerstown ; Jacob Helmer, Scranton ; J. C. Kingsland, Canton; Jas. R. Mahaffey, Wilmington, Del.; S. W. Mathews, Concordville, Pa.; J. C. McNeil, Pittsburg ; J. C. Michener, Colnar ; Otto Noack, Read- ing; J. H. Oyler, Harrisburg; John B. Raynor, Milestown ; Thos. B. Raynor, Chestnut Hill; W. L. Rhoads, Lansdown ; We ti. idee, “Trevose; J. I’. Ross, Frankford; J. W.. Sallade, Auburn; A. W. Weir, Greenville. The Philadelphia members Peeedevcre) |, Vl. Carter... B. Cox, H..B..Felton, J... Fer- ley, S. J. J. Harger, W. Horace Hoskins, J. D. Houldsworth, C. J. Marshall, Jas. T. MacAnulty, Leonard Pearson, E. M. Ranck. Visitors present were Drs. L. D. Horner, Woodstown, N. J.; F. H. Schneider, 9th and Tioga streets, Phila.; Chas. Lenhart, Dover.; S. H. Johnson, W. D. Martien and George Fuller, of Phila., also Messrs. F. H. Bradley, A. H. Cheney, G. A. Dicks, (Gay Poster (WW. 1D: Fuller, G. H. Hart, J. H. Morse, M.. H. White, Jr., students at the Veterinary Department of the U. of Pa., also Messrs. George Snyder and George Teufel, Philadel- phia, Pa. The minutes of the previous meeting were read and ap- proved. President Harger then delivered his annual address, as fol- lows : PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS. ““My most pleasant duty at this moment, as your presiding officer, is to welcome you, gentlemen, to the twenty-first annual meeting of this organization. For a number of years we have met at the Veterinary Department of the University of Pennsyl- vania, but, on account of lack of necessary facilities, another meeting place has been chosen. This circumstance is expected to be only temporary, and, as in the past, so in the future, that institution will entertain the most friendly hospitality towards our organization. 256 SOCIETY MEETINGS. “Our last semi-annual meeting, as we are aware, was held in Pittsburg. Considering the attendance, the meeting may be called successful. However, I cannot disguise my thought and think myself justified to say that ‘absence’ rather than ‘presence’ was personified, and I much regretted not to see many more familiar faces. "The reason for this it may ve diffi- cult to surmise. "There was ample food for body and mind and much more could have been called forth by a larger attendance. We are conscious of the benefits derived from organizations without repeating them here. We are acquainted with the ad- vantages not only educational but also moral and _ political which this organization gives to the veterinarians of the State. I, therefore, hope that every one will take an active interest in our semi-annual meetings. The veterinarian who claims that he is too busy to attend is the very one who is best able to come to these meetings. He can afford it financially and is suffi- ciently strong in his community to survive the objections of his clients in leaving his practice. ‘“ During the past year veterinary science has continued its progressive tendency, the different aspects of which will be dis- cussed to-day by the reports of the several committees. The profound sensation created by Dr. Koch on the subject of tuber- culosis, and familiar to all, has died a natural death; the nega- tive evidence was so abundant that scarcely a former shadow of itself is left. Theories come and go with such rapidity that they can be accepted only after the most careful weighing of the facts. The more sensational they are, the more thought for their consideration before they should be accepted. “The bacteriologist, biologist and microscopist still occupy the foreground. In fact, medicine might be called ‘ micro- organology.’ Most advances have been made in this direction and the end is not in sight. We have only learned enough to know how little we know and, on the other hand, how careful we must be before accepting conclusions. Further investiga- tions will clear up what are now obscure points. Veterinary education is more and more shaped to answer this requirement, and with the same purpose the veterinarian should keep himself informed upon this subject. I do not mean to say that every practitioner can be an expert bacteriologist and microscopist or that he must have a bacteriologic laboratory, but that he pos- sess sufficient knowledge to make certain practical uses to which such work can be applied. Much can be done with the micro- scope, which every one should possess, but not always does. The SOCIETY MEETINGS, 257 technique for applying it for ordinary purposes can bé learned without much trouble in such cases as anzemia, leukzemia, leu- cocythzmia, blood parasites, anthrax, nephritis, etc., anda diag- nosis possible only with such a procedure. “The same interest is still maintained in sanitary science— meat and milk inspection and preventive medicine. A great deal of work has been done in this direction, and the character of this kind of work is not new to the veterinarian. The Fed- eral Government has extended its work and increased its num- ber of inspectors. A few individual States have done work in this direction. I believe that the veterinarians have worked and should work towards this end. They should bring the im- portance of this work, accompanied by facts intelligently demon- strated, to the attention of medical men and other influential persons of their community ; their newspapers should be inter- ested. This should not be done with the blare of a trumpet or a boastful audacity. These will create a reaction and excite antagonism. It requires tact, facts and persistence. “In my previous address I spoke of the veterinarian’s neces- sity to study the more industrial aspect of the domestic animals, judging their points for a particular utility, the special aptitude, their breeding, rearing and feeding, and to advise those in his community who look up to him as their superior. The times have not changed. “ T know that every veterinarian in the State is "interested in the Veterinary Department of the University of Pennsylva- nia. ‘This school was moved last fall from its* old quarters to a new location. This may have given rise to the misapprehen- sion that the school would be closed or relegated to a position secondary to that which it formerly occupied. This is not the case and hence my remarks. It is proposed to erect on the site on which are situated at present the temporary buildings, a large building that will, in architecture, conform with the other buildings recently erected by the University. The new school will be more conveniently located for its patrons and its equip- ments will be better than those of the old one. It will combine the most approved facilities for the several schools of Europe. ‘‘T need not eulogize upon the progress of veterinary medi- cine. Its course is still on the ascent and I dare say few prac- titioners can complain of their lot during the past year. Every one appears to have enjoyed a reasonable degree of prosperity. That this was not local but extended over the entire country was exemplified by the National meeting in Atlantic City,which 258 SOCIETY MEETINGS. by old members was said to have been the most successful in the history of that association from every point of vantage, nu- merically, professionally and sociaily. The numerous excellent papers indicate that the veterinarian is occupying himself with scientific work, that important results are accomplished for the good of the individual and the State and that evidently the vet- erinarian must receive a reasonable remuneration. The meeting was to us a striking example of encouragement. “One of the essential conditions that has always promoted the success of this association is the harmony which has always existed among the veterinarians of Pennsylvania. This isa necessity towards success. As soon as internal strife develops in any organization its downfall can safely be predicted. Penn- sylvania veterinarians have always looked at public questions in their broadest sense. They strove as one man, concentrated their energies in the same direction and even sacrificed them- selves to attain results that redown for the public good. We may need new legislation, old laws may require to be amended, appropriations for State work are needed, the influence of the veterinarian in sanitary and live-stock problems must be pushed and our aim can only be accomplished by standing together and working as one man. ‘The work which has been accomplished by our progeny, the State Live-Stock Sanitary Board and the State Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners, can be best ap- preciated by comparing their work with that accomplished in other States. We should be willing without any hesitation to give them any moral as well as financial support which they may require. _ ‘“‘Tt is with extreme sorrow that I speak of the death of one of our honorary members, Rush S. Huidekoper. We all knew him and I need not eulogize. He was perhaps the best known veterinarian in this country. He was a man of rare ability and intellect and devoted to his profession. His energies were cease- less in raising our profession from its dormant state and his work will be most appreciated when he is no more. Kind of heart, he did not hesitate to do anyone a favor when it laid in in his power. I have been under personal obligations to him during our acquaintance and always found in him a good friend. His decease was a great loss to veterinary science. “Finally, when I am about to leave this office which has been entrusted to me during the past two years, let me extend my sincere thanks to this association. JI have had my short- comings in the administration of its affairs, which cannot now be SOCIETY MEETINGS. 259 remedied. I claim no credit for what has been accomplished and perhaps much was left undone which should have been done. Every member has contributed his share of success. I wish to thank especially my co-officers for the energetic and re- liable manner in which they have conducted their work, for which they deserve the highest credit. I know that my succes- sor will meet with the same indulgence at your hands.” ELECTION OF OFFICERS. The following officers were elected for the ensuing year: President—W. L. Rhoads, Lansdowne, Pa. First Vice-President—J. F. Butterfield, S. Montrose. Second Vice-President—A. W. Weir, Greenville. Third Vice-President—W. G. Benner, Doylestown, Pa. Treasurer—Francis Bridge, 228 N. 63d St., Philadelphia. Recording Secretary—C. J. Marshall, 2004 Pine St., Phil- adelphia. Corresponding Secretary—E. M. Ranck, 422 N. gist St, Philadelphia. Board of ‘Trustees—Leonard Pearson, 36th and Spruce Sts., Philadelphia ; W H. Hoskins, 3452 Ludlow St., Philadelphia ; Thos. B. Rayner, Chestnut Hill; W. H. Ridge, Trevose; N. Rectenwald, 89 Washington Ave., Pittsburg. MISCELLANEOUS BUSINESS. A recess was then given for the coilection’of dues. After adjournment a report of the Board of Trustees was called for. Dr. Pearson requested that his report be postponed. Dr. Har- ger requested leave of absence for an hour. Dr. J. C. Michener took the President’s chair during his absence. Reports of County Secretaries were then read by the Corresponding Secre- tary, Dr. Ranck. Report of delegates to the American Veter- inary Medical Association meeting in September last was given by Dr. Hoskins. Drs. Hoskins and Noack urged dropping of the clinics at the American Veterinary Medical Association meeting. Veterinary Medical Association of New Jersey—Dr. _ Pearson made a few appropriate remarks. New York State Veterinary Medical Society—Dr. Carter was called. He did not attend the meeting, but reported that the late Dr. R. S. Huide- koper had represented the Pennsylvania veterinarians at the meeting at Ithaca. Dr. Ranck spoke of the Dr. Morris affair at Atlantic City and what had been done by the A. V. M. A., and also what had not been done by the New York State Asso- ciation, and asked Dr. Hoskins for an explanation. Dr. Hos- 260 SOCIETY MEETINGS. kins reported that Dr. Huidekoper attended this meeting and said nothing definite was done. The Association dilly-dallied with the subject and the main effort seemed to be to avoid the issue and the question was laid over for one year. He feels the Association should be censured for its cowardice and will introduce a resolution later to thiseffect. Keystone Veterinary Medical Association—Dr. Ridge and Dr. Marshall spoke of the good work this Association was doing, and urged more frequent attendance at local associations by the local men. Schuylkill Valley Veterinary Medical Association—Dr. Schneider was called and gave the following report :——‘‘ This association was formed six years ago. They now have 30 active members and meet quarterly. The last meeting was held last December. Some very good papers were read.’”’ Dr. Pearson thinks many other veterinarians would attend these meetings if they’were invited. He suggested that the Journal would be glad to print notices if received in time. Noack said they used to send in- vitations broadly, but as few accepted them they had discon- tinued it. Dr. Ranck says a secretary is not excusable if every veterinarian, every newspaper and journal of note do not have notices even if they do not attend or send representatives. He thinks we should be generous with our invitations. Noack thinks it is an unnecessary expense to send invitations to those who would not attend. Ranck suggests that the proceedings should be printed. Noack says reports were sent to Dr. Hos- kins and not answered. Hoskins thinks not, and was defended by Ridge, who says that Dr. Hoskins always answers letters promptly. The treasurer’s report was then read by Dr. Bridge. Dr. Hoskins thinks the condition of our treasury is open to im- provement. He thinks the money should be used for the bene- fit of our Association and urges that it be distributed for the benefit of our profession throughout the State. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. Dr. Ranck read a report from Dr. Sallade, of the Commzttee of Legislation. He suggests that all veterinarians should regis- ter every three or six years. Noack said a bill was introduced by the Schuylkill Valley Veterinary Medical Association, that the laws of 1889 were faulty. The new bill was to amend the old one of 1889, whereby all veterinarians would be required to register again. He read the proposed amendment. Dr. Hos- kins read a report of this Committee and urged the importance SOCIETY MEETINGS. 261 of re-registration. By a re-registration money might be obtained for carrying on the work of prosecuting illegal practitioners. Three prothonotaries have been called before the courts to show that certain unwarranted registrations had been made by them. T'wo men are now serving time and two others are being prosecuted. He.hopes that Dr. Noack’s paper be presented to our Committee on Legislation and that soon ‘action may be taken by this Association. Letters are being sent to the pro- thonotaries of different counties to have the lists of registration verified. Dr. Pearson mentioned the act passed by the last leg- islature to provide for the milk supply of cities of the second class. He thinks the trend of this bill was good, but a little too bold. This law has not been put into effect by a single city. The authorities are afraid to put it into operation. It was drawn up by physicians of Pittsburg, who lack practical experience. This shows the need of proposed legislation being thoroughly considered by men of practical experience prior to being offered to legislative bodies. No member of the Commzttee on Intelligence and Educa- tion being present, the work was laid over until jiater. Dr. Pearson thought it was too important to pass over this subject and offered a verbal report. He described the changes being made at the Veterinary Department of the University of Penn- sylvania. The reasons for the changes were twofold, the growth of the U. of Pa. was so great that our school was being hidden. Second, the medical department wanted a somewhat obscure place for a $600,000 building. The architects are now working on the plans for our new building, which will bea three-story building, where plenty of room will be obtained, and one suitable room for the use of our Association. ‘The plans are for the best-equipped school in any English-speaking country. The report of the Commuttee on Sanitary Science and Police was passed over for the present. Committee on Animal Husbandry.—Dt. Ridge was called as a member of this committee, but made no remarks. Dr. Pearson spoke of the bill before Congress for the purpose of cer- tifying to the qualifications of stallions suitable to get cavalry horses, this committee to be composed of practical horsemen. The general purpose of the bill is to be similar to the Imperial Horsebreeders’ Association of Europe. The trend of the bill will be useful if it becomes a law. Our horses are, generally speaking, becoming nondescripts, and we should breed for some 262 SOCIETY MEETINGS. specific type. The object of this bill is to encourage the breeding of a class of horses suitable for cavalry uses. Older countries have found this plan necessary. Similar commissions are bring- ing them good results. A weak point of the bill is that as it now stands it is composed of six officers and 12 practical horse- men, but no veterinarians. We feel that our profession should be represented, as the veterinarian’s training and experience is an essential factor and safeguard to this line of work and we should spare no effort in making this fact patent to those con- cerned before it is too late. The matteris before a committee in Congress. Wadsworth, of New York, is chairman of the committee. There is one member from Pennsylvania on this committee. Dr. Bridge moved that this subject be referred to the Committee on Resolutions. Dr. Rhoads offered an amend- ment to have the subject widened if possible, to make it more general. ‘That ended the afternoon session. EVENING SESSION. After the banquet, the President called the meeting to order at 8 P. M. Dr. Marshall madea report for the Commzttee on Sanitary Science and Police, which was adopted as read. Dr. J. C. Michener made a report for the Commuttee on Ant- mal Industry, which was filed with the Secretary. Dr. Thos. B. Rayner discussed the paper, and cited a case where a whole herd was tested with tuberculin and every ani- mal reacted and was sold clandestinely in Bucks Co. As the former owner was a millionaire, he did not see that he was ex- cusable for this unappreciated philanthrophy. Dr. Pearson spoke of the difficulty of estimating the value of animals in the United States, and explained why there was so much difference in the 1eports given out by the Bureau of Animal Industry and the one given out by Sequard Powers, of Chicago, and the Census Bureau. This subject was discussed by several members, and it was decided that the American Agriculturist gave the most satisfactory statistics. He thought there was a lack of horses in the United States. There did not seem to be enough to sup- ply the demand. The report from the B. of A. I. for 1900 has been challenged ; cause due to the difference of opinion between the B. of A. I. and the Superintendent. Dr. McNeil, of Pitts- burg, in speaking of the average price of working horses, said that he did not believe they could be bought for $55 a head. They are not as cheap as formerly. He thinks there is an ad- vance of $20 or $30 a head on car-load lots more than last year. SOCIETY MEETINGS. 263 a Dr. Hoskins explained why the average price was so low. In making up the average price of horses, bronchos and cheap Texas horses are figured in this average. He thinks there is no doubt but what the price of good horses is higher than it had been for years. He prefers to believe the statement made by the Census Bureau than by the Department of Agriculture. The vast numbers of horses sent to South Africa has taken out the cheaper class. Dr. McNeil says the Texas pony is nearly extinct. The same is true of the native cattle of Texas, as Texas cattle are mixed with the Northern cattle and are becom- ing larger and more suitable for beef purposes. Dr. Rhoads moved that this report should be accepted as read, which met with the approval of the Association. The next subject was the admission of new members. There was but one candidate. Dr. Hoskins, as a member of the Board of Trustees, thinks that one application is small fry for the Board, and that we should make greater efforts to bring in new members. Dr. Felton agrees with Dr. Hoskins. Geo. S. Fuller, of Philadelphia, was elected as a member of the Association by acclamation, and was introduced by President Harger, and made a few appropriate remarks. The next in order was “‘ new business.” Dr. Ranck reported and read a letter from Dr. Bittles, who pays dues to March, 1902, and requests that his name be dropped from the list. Dr. Pear- son moves that the letter be reported to the Board of Trustees. Dr. Rhoads speaks of the vast amount of work which devolves on the Corresponding Secretary and proposes that $50 be appro- priated to the Corresponding Secretary for his work. Dr. Hos- kins spoke in favor of the motion. He thinks that a certain sum of money should be set aside for the use of the Correspond- ing Secretary. The motion was adopted. Dr. Rhoads thinks we should have a Press Committee of seven members, and makes a motion to that effect. He thinks that they should be appointed by the President so they can be chosen from sections of the State where the meeting is to be held. Noack thinks that cartoons and ridiculous appearing pictures should not accompany the reports of our Association as has been done times in the past. Dr. Hoskins thinks that Noack’s objections are one reason for having a Press Commit- tee, and that with such a committee we could put such subjects as we wished before the public. Dr. Hoskins thinks that our State Meat Inspection is the greatest farce of modern times, and thinks under the present 264 SOCIETY MEETINGS. system that we should recommend Western dressed meats in preference to our citv dressed meats, and suggests this subject for the consideration of the Press Committee. This is a subject that ordinary newspaper correspondents cannot do justice. Dr. Williams agreed with the other speakers, but thinks it is diff- cult to get any satisfaction from the present administration or from the newspapers. Dr. Ranck then read an application from Dr. H. B. Cox, of Philadelphia, who was elected to membership. In reference to meat inspection Dr. Pearson thinks that influ- ence may defeat any recommendations we may make because the city officials fear that a large suin of money would be neces- sary to carry on this work. Ifa tubercular case is condemned it is for the use of the public and the public should help bear some of the loss. Would it not be better to establish a public fund and remunerate partially the loss? It might come from State, or counties or cities. Under the present appropriation it is not possible for the state to pay for all tubercular animals. If this could be done Dr. Pearson thinks the butcher would hail the meat inspection service because then the condemned animal would not be an entire loss to him as it is at the present. Dr. McNeil asked how much it would cost the State to pay for the cases during the past year. Dr. Pearson says it could not be answered accurately as it would not be necessary to have all tubercular meat condemned. Dr. Hoskins says that under the present system of meat inspection that after 2 o’clock Pp. M. the federal inspection is declared off and no inspection for the balance of the day. The suspicious cases are kept by the butchers and dressed during the time of no inspection and that the greatest difficulty he encountered in his late mayorality campaign was his opinion of the city meat inspection. Dr. Michener recommends that Pearson’s plans be advocated by utilizing in some way the reacting animals. Local butchers are often caught with tubercular cattle and these losses are dropped back to the farmer. Some provision should be made to over- come this trouble, but the only remedy is an appropriation of more money to carry on this work. Dr. McNeil recommends that a committee of five be ap- pointed for the purpose of devising a better system of meat and milk inspection. Dr. Ranck suggests that seven would bea better number. ‘This was accepted by Dr. McNeil. He thinks it would cost Philadelphia $400,000 a year to carry on a proper meat and milk inspection. Dr. Ranck asked if the work car- ried on by MecNeil’s proposed committee would not properly SOCIETY MEETINGS. 265 fall to our new Press Committee. Rhoads seconds the motion, which was adopted. Dr. Rhoads asks for an explanation of what was done. with the money appropriated by the Association last year. Dr. Hos- kins said in answer that the $200 appropriated last year has not been touched, owing to the bad statements made by certain ~ members at that time. The meeting was adjourned at 9.30 to meet at 10 A. M. the next day. Before adjournment Dr. Rhoads spoke about the re- marks made by him last year in reference to this appropriation. He still believes as he did at that time that it is proper to ap- propriate the money to be used by the examining board, but objected to the way in which the motion was carried out. WEDNESDAY, MARCH 5TH, 1902. The meeting was called to order by President Harger at 10.30 A.M. Among the letters read by Dr. Ranck was a re- quest to be dropped from membership. It was referred to the Board of Censors. Dr. Jobson read a report from the Commit- tee of Animal Husbandry. Report is filed with the Secretary. A report from Dauphin Co. by Clinton F. Keiter and one from Venango Co. by S. J. Swift was read. Dr. Jacob Helmer read a very carefully prepared report as Chairman of the Committee on Intelligence and Education. This was one of the most thorough and complete reports ever made by this committee. Dr. Rayner made a motion, which was unanimously adopted, that a vote of thanks be extended Dr. Helmer for his excellent report. Jr. Hoskins moved that a permanent committee on membership be appointed, which was carried out. Dr. Felton in discussing Dr. Helmer’s report wanted to bring special atten- tion to the report gotten out by Brimhall and Wilson, of Min- nesota, on the subject of “‘ Hemorrhagic Septiczemia.”’ He also spoke in favor of having a permanent committee on member- ship. : Dr. Remington, a representative of E. R. Squibb & Son, of New York, wished to explain to the Association the advantages of using acetic acid preparations. Some of the members ob- jected on the ground that it would be establishing a precedent to allow instrument makers and drug firms to present this kind of subjects to the Association. After a thorough discussion of the subject by the members, it was decided that it was for the advantage of our members to have an opportunity to learn of the best forms of drugs and most useful instruments. Conse- quently Dr. Remington was given the floor and described fully 266 SOCIETY MEETINGS. the advantages to be derived from acetic acid preparations ; that they would be cheaper for our use and fully as reliable as the alcoholic extracts that are universally used at present. Dr. Helmer, of Scranton, asked Dr. Remington the prices of some of the acetic acid preparations, and claims that he had not found them to be any cheaper than the ordinary preparations and he also objected to their use on account of the smell. PAPERS. J. F. Butterfield, of Montrose, read a paper on the subject of “Calceuli.” * His paper was thoroughly discussed by Drs. Hel- mer, Harger, Rayner, Felton, and others. Dr. Helmer moves that a vote of thanks be given Dr. Butterfield for his valuable paper. Motion was carried. Owing to the absence of Dr. Philips, his paper on the sub- ject of “Abortion” * was read by Dr. Ranck. Dr. Ridge, in discussing this paper, thinks that the subject is a very impor- tant one. Many farmers are discouraged on account of this trouble in their herds. He advises the use of a subcutaneous injection of a 5 per cent. carbolic acid solution, 1% drachmis for a dose, and a thorough disinfection of the stables, premises, ani- mals, and isolation of the cows that abort. He finds with the most rigid treatment that he is often unable to check the trouble. The subject was also discussed by Drs. Eves, Benner, Hoskins, Michener, Pearson. Dr. Pearson thinks that the diffi- culty in treating this trouble is due to the fact that the origin of the disease has not been discovered. The infection seems to be carried by the bull. He thinks that the carbolic acid treatment is of very little use. He thinks the most satisfactory treatment is obtained by application of local antiseptics to the genito-urinary tract of both bulls and cows. Many cows acquire an immunity to this trouble in two or three years. Nutrition of the animal seems to be an important factor in the progress of this trouble. Michener says that cows before abortion show symptoms of uneasiness, and if watched carefully by the owner they can be picked out from the herd. He recommends giving 20 drops of tincture of aconite every two hours until the symp- toms abate. Follow this by 26 drops two or three times a day after the first day and in few cases they lose the calf. Dr. Ridge differs with Dr. Michener and says that no premonitory symptoms can be discovered. Dr. Helmer speaks of the diff- culty in isolating cases of this kind and thinks our treatment * Will be published in an early number of the REVIEW, ———eS SOCIETY MEETINGS. 267 would be much easier if sheds or suitable quarters could be provided. He believes thoroughly in isolation, antiseptics and disinfection, and believes also that this form of treatment should not be entrusted entirely to the owners, as they are often not competent to carry out the work properly. Dr. McNeil reports a case of abortion in a brood mare that occurred three times in - succession. He diagnosed this case endometritis, treated her with iodine; she was bred afterwards and gave birth to a healthy foal. He gave 1% drachms of the undiluted tincture of iodine once each week for a month. Secretary Ranck read Chas. W. Boyd’s paper, ‘‘ Rupture of the Flexor ‘I'endons as a Complication of Azoturia.”* His pa- per was discussed by Eves and Michener. Dr. Martein spoke of a similar case which was complicated with osteoporosis. Dr. Carter cited a similar case. Dr. Eves thinks it is rather doubt- ful that a case can contract azoturia if they have osteoporosis. He thinks their nutrition and condition is not usually such as to predispose to azoturia. H. P. Eves, of Wilmington, read a paper entitled ‘ Peculiar Symptoms attending Certain Forms of Colic.” In his paper he speaks especially of the symptoms noted by the essayist anda few other practitioners of the peculiar squeaking of the joints in indigestion colic. He says it affects all the joints in the body, and says that it resembles the cracking of the joints in the hands of men. Dr. Helmer says that he has observed this condition in horses that are neither sick nor lame. Eves says this condi- tion is not noticed in all cases of impaction colic, but in the cases in which he has observed this condition the creaking of the joints ceases when the case recovers from colic. President Harger suggests to Eves to study this subject more fully and report to our meeting at some future time. Dr. Jas. T. Ross spoke of the good results he has obtained in bleeding cows that could not get in calf. He removes six or seven quarts of blood. Adjourned for lunch at 1.30. The meeting was convened at 2.30. Dr. Jas. Mahaffey’s pa- per was the first on the program. His subject was ‘“‘ Azoturia.”’ His paper was well prepared and excited an interesting discus- sion of the subject. Rayner believes that treatment of azoturia consists in its prevention. He advises his clients to sit on a fence and read a newspaper as soon as the symptoms of azoturia appear. Dr. Ridge agrees with Dr. Raynet’s idea in reference to * Will be published in an early number of the REVIEW. 268 SOCIETY MEETINGS. resting the animal as soon as the first symptoms are noticed. Dr. Benner says the man who tries to imitate nature is most suc- cessful, and speaks of fact that animals in pasture are inclined to rest or stand still rather than to move about after such trouble. He agrees with Rayner and Ridge. Dr. McNeil notices most cases occur in animals which have stood still for two or three days. Dr. Mahaffey asks why it is that this disease occurs oftener in winter than in summer, and thinks that the cause must be due to chill. Eves thinks that the reason for this is that the horses do not stand still in the summer; if not work- ing they are fighting flies or moving about. Dr. McNeil thinks profuse sweating in the summer also helps to prevent this trouble ; also that horses do not drink as much water in winter as suinmer. Dr. Benner says one of the worst cases he ever had was in summer. Dr. Michener thinks azoturia is caused by coagulation of the blood and that exercise is the best treatment. Dr. Weir believes the trouble in his part of the country the past winter in this line was due to the feeding of too much corn. Helmer claims that there are two varieties of azoturia; the one in the country is much less severe than the form usually seen in the cities. Dr. Fuller thinks that food does not play so im- portant a part as exercise, and recommends nitrate of potash in small doses twice a week as a preventive. Dr. J. M. Carter then read a paper on “‘ Municipal Milk In- spection.” Dr. Ridge agrees with the essayist from the veter- inarians point of view, but felt from a producer’s standpoint that it was entirely too finely drawn, and would recommend that the Association adopt a happy medium in treating this subject. Dr. Mahaffey thinks that the essayist has exaggerated this subject. Dr. Williams thinks the paper was too close to the facts as they exist and feels that it would be safe to discuss this subject among ourselves in the same manner as the essayist has treated the subject, but in discussing publicly, he thinks it preferable to keep on neutral grounds. Dr. Michener thinks Carter did not exaggerate the subject. He thinks if anything, conditions are worse than he described. He described many disgusting conditions that he had met in his experience, and thinks that strong remedies should be applied to overcome the present sys- tem of handling milk. Eves is in favor of making this subject public so everybody can know the true facts in the case. Dr. Helmer said that it is difficult to prevent outbreaks of contagious diseases due to con- tamination of the milk supply by legislation, but thinks that SOCIETY MEETINGS. 269 a the public should be protected as much as possible from the dangers in handling milk in a careless way. Dr. Butterfield considers that the conditions for handling milk are much better than they were a few years ago, but yet there is much chance for improvement among the ordinary milk dealers and farmers. Dr. Rhoads finds that conditions have improved very much in Chester Co. in the past few years, but many stables are yet so filthy that it is difficult to treat cases in them without becoming contaminated with stable filth. The next was a paper by Dr. Pearson on the subject of ‘‘ Assertions Made by Prof. Koch in London at the International Congress on Tuberculosis.”” A vote of thanks was extended Dr. Pearson for his interesting paper on the subject. The next was the adoption of eleven resolutions, which will be published in an early issue of the REVIEW. Dr. Pearson moved that Dr. Rhoads be appointed archivist, which movement was adopted and carried. Dr. Rhoads made a motion, which was carried, that the selection of a meeting place be left to the Board of Trustees. He also moved that a renewal of the appropriation of $200 for the State Examining Board be granted. This was carried without debate. Dr. Pearson moved that a rising vote of thanks be extended the outgoing officers for their efficient work. Next in order was the seating of new officers, after which the meeting adjourned to meet in September. E. M. RANCK, Corresponding Secretary. CHICAGO VETERINARY SOCIETY. The April meeting of this society was called to order by Dr. Hawley, President. ‘Thirteen members were present. Minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved. Secretary’s report read and approved. Dr. Quitman stated that in his opinion there would be fewer delinquents in the matter of dues if a statement were sent to each member showing their indebtedness to the society. He said that he did not know whether his dues were paid or not, as he had received no statement. (He was informed that they were not paid for the present year, and he very promptly paid them, three or four of the other members following his example.) He said that his own case was only an instance of how the mat- ter stood with the other members. If they received a bill for dues they would invariably pay them, but if they let it run 270 SOCIETY MEETINGS. along for three or four years they thought it not worth while bothering with, and would drop out of the society. No motion was made in the matter. No report was rendered from any of the committees and no unfinished business taken up. The regular programme was to have opened with a paper by Dr. Hughes, but he informed the members that he had been too busy to prepare it and would have to be excused. At the suggestion of Dr. Hawley, a programme was, as he termed it, invented. ‘The question of counter-irritation in the treatment of horses suffering from pneumonia was decided on as a subject for extemporaneous discussion. ‘Ihe members present arranged themselves as follows: In favor of counter-irritation : Drs. Baker, Hughes, Allen and Quitman. Against: Drs. Camp- bell, Clancy, Robertson, Ryan and Hawley, the other members taking neither side. The question proved to be most interest- ing, and brought out the liveliest debate listened to this year. Under the head of new business it was announced by Dr. Hawley that there was something like $200 in the treasury and he suggested that the society come to some decision as to what should be done with the surplus. A long discussion followed and a great many suggestions were offered. One was that the society make an offer to the International Live Stock Exposi- tion of a silver cup to be presented to the exhibitor of a sweep- stakes draft horse raised in this country. ‘This was objected to by many for the reason that the precedent once being estab- lished, the society would have to present a cup each year, and the society might not always be as wealthy as at present. Also it was thought that the Live Stock Association would not be willing to comply with the conditions of the presentation, which of course would be that the judges for that particular class be chosen from the veterinary profession of thiscity. The sugges- tion, however, which seemed to gain the most favor was that the money be spent for a banquet to close the season. Dr. Clancy stated that for four long years the society had struggled hard to get that surplus. He could not remember a time in its history that the treasury had showed so large a surplus, and he could see no good reason why it should be spent now. Something might easily arise which we knew nothing of at present for which funds would be needed, and if the treasury was to be emptied now the members would never want to go down into their pockets for special assessments. It was finally moved and seconded that a banquet be given in conjunction with the May ——— a SOCIETY MEETINGS. Paral meeting, cost of same to be borne by those attending the ban- quet and to be limited to $2 per plate. The motion was car- ried. The next motion, which was carried, was that $35 of the treasury funds be set aside for extras in connection with the banquet. The entertainment:committee was then requested to prepare a suitable programme and make the necessary arrange- ments for such a meeting. It was also suggested that veterin- arians, not members of this society, be invited to contribute and be present at the meeting, though no vote was taken on the question. The meeting adjourned at 11.05 P. M. DISCUSSION OF COUNTER-IRRITANTS IN PNEUMONIA. Dr. Ryan: My experience leads me to the non-use of ex- ternal caustic preparations for pneumonia. I believe, though, in external stimulation. Strong counter-irritation has not been a success in my hands. I have used mustard and strong lini- ments, and I know I get along better with weak liniment ap- plied two or three times a day as a stimulant rather than an irritant. For that reason I don’t believe in counter-irritation. In a great many cases of pneumonia or where there is a ten- dency toward pneumonia I have found a great deal of hydro- chioris. I believe this is induced more from counter-irritation than anything else. It certaitily appears so to me, for since I left off its use I have not seen so many results of that descrip- tion, in my practice. I do not mean to classify counter-stimu- lation with counter-irritation. But counter-stimulation seems to set up a better circulation. You have to induce stimulation all over the body. I believe you can do this with external stimulation much better than by internal stimulation. Dr. Hughes: \ think Dr. Ryan should take a seat on our side. However, I think the term counter-irritation should be thrown out of the veterinary category. It is a term we should try to avoid and I do try to avoid it as much as possible, but it creeps up with great regularity, with the result that I think it is pretty hard to down. Itisa misleading term. When we continue to use such a term we are going back to the old prac- titioners of 50 or 60 years ago. ‘They believed that the applica- tion of an irritant to the surface of the body produced an irrita- tion which counteracted a more deep-seated one, and drew it to the surface. That is a thing which we all knowis absurd. We do not think that by applying an application to the outside it draws an irritation from within to the surface, for it does not. It rather increases the blood supply. We do not draw it away 272 SOCIETY MEETINGS. from the area inflamed, as a blister, we merely diffuse the blood generally all over the body. Dr. Ryan, in my opinion, has proved quite an irritation advocate, for this stimulation is, if you please, counter-irritation. He says he places an application which draws the blood to the surface—diffuses it all over the body. Weall dothat. Given a case of fever: the animal is breathing rapidly, the temperature 106 or 107, pulse 72, with all the symptoms of an early stage of pneumonia. I say that the application of a brisk or smart stimulant to the surface of the body will draw the blood to the surface and diffuse it through the system generally and alters the condition of the lung. With medicine we must break up a chill,a pail of water, a blanket or two and a strong stimulant. Iam in favor when I meet such a case to send on a liniment that wili make a horse “stand on his head”? for five or ten minutes. If I find him rag- ing around the stall I am pleased. I can reduce temperature in five or six hours without medicine. On that account I say stimulate by all means. Do not counter-irritate. Do not put on a strong caustic application that will cause cedema and effu- sion under the skin that will stay there a day or two or even three and obstruct your auscultation that may have to follow. Should the case run into pneumonia keep up the stimulation sufficient to take the hair off and keep it up, two or three times a day, but no irritant. Dr. Robertson; I cannot agree with Dr. Hughes. The question we are debating is the treatment of pneumonia, where pveumonia has been established. In the early stages, that is when the horse shows signs of pleurisy, or we suspect pneu- monia, then the application of stimulants as to the pulse is all tight, but when we have a case of pneumonia that has been running for several days and the horse is in great pain, counter- irritation in that way does very little good. I think if the horse is warmly clothed, and properly sheltered from draft and re- ceives proper internal treatment, that any additional pain you may cause the horse at that stage simply aggravates the trouble. I think during a chill these applications are proper, or in pleu- risy they are all right, but when pneumonia is fully established in a horse these painful applications are just adding so much to the horse’s misery. ‘The proper clothing of a horse will stimu- late the body of itself, but I cannot see the benefit of aggra- vating the horse with irritants or stimulants applied externally. Some practitioners do not seem to think that the horse is in such a condition that he cannot stand any more pain. But SOCIETY MEETINGS. 273 when the horse is first taken sick I think they are all right. Dr. Quitman: | thought I was going to keep out of this, but since the house is divided against itself, I will say that I most emphatically believe in local stimulants. I do not believe ‘in exciting counter-irritation as is used in burning the horse for two or three days, but there are two or three conditions in pneumonia that I think call for local stimulants. In the first place, I would call attention to the physiological action of local stimulants. An extraordinary amount of blood in the pores of the lungs stimulates the sub-adjacent blood vessels, resulting in their contraction. When we say pneumonia, that refers to all stages of pneumonia, and I believe we all consider the conges- tive stage as the first stage. There is no doubt in my mind that local stimulation or counter-irritation will ina great many cases, if the case is not too severe, or if it is in the first stage, avert a full attack of the disease, if used in conjunction with proper treatment. Another condition is a case where the temperature, pulse, etc., seem to be ata standstill. In all such cases I be- lieve the application of a smart local stimulant will bring good results. In many cases the temperature will drop from two to three degrees. The other condition is where the disease has progressed against you; the temperature is coming up, or is already very high, and the horse is very weak. In such a case as that, the application of a moderately severe local stimulant will result in the stimulation of the heart, bringing immediate im- provement in the case. I cannot but fully endorse the applica- tion of local stimulants. Dr. MacKellar : 1 fear that my opinion is not worth much against these gentlemen, but I can only protest for the animal. A horse sick with pneumonia is naturally suffering a great deal of pain. To put on a counter-irritant or stimulant, that is strong liniment or mustard, just adds to the animal’s suffering. Another point is that the natural function of the skin is to help out the lungs. If the lungs are diseased those functions are needed more than ever. If you cover up the skin with mustard plasters or nasty, sticky oily liniments, you just hinder that function. I have not heard anyone refer to the oil-cloth jacket. We have used that with great success in the East. It is an or- dinary oil-cloth or muslin jacket placed around the thorax. We also used silk bandages and warm clothing. Dr. Baker : J have listened to this debate with a great deal of interest, but I think, with the exception of the suggestions made by Dr. MacKellar, that the objections to the theory of 274 SOCIETY MEETINGS. counter‘irritation are rather weak. You simply oppose it with- out anything in its place. Dr. MacKellar suggests the oil-cloth jacket. I presume he assumes that this takes the place of the poultices used in human practice. A few years ago you remem- ber there was a sort of a revolution against counter-irritation. Prior to that time they had been using plasters for all troubles. Then they turned from one to the other extreme and used soft- ening preparations, covering the whole chest with softeners. They discarded the counter-irritant and stimulant entirely. Now, during the last four or five years they are gradually going back to the old practice, not to the same extent, perhaps, but to a moderate extent. The line between stimulation and vesica- tion is rather indefinite. It is simply a matter of judgment how far you can carry it. Some people think that if a little is good much is better, and if the physiological action of counter-irri- tants has the effect of drawing the inflammation or superfluous amount of blood to the surface why would not the application of strong stimulants, even to the extent of vesication, do it toa greater extent; so it is just a question of judgment how far you can carry stimulation. The next thing is the physiological ac- tion of the counter-irritant. Local external stimulation resusci- tates or revivifies the failing nervous action, so that the action of the counter-irritant is reflex, almost entirely, as far as its effects are concerned. It brings additional blood to the surface. That increases the circulation and relieves the internal organ that is congested. At the same time it increases the radiation of heat, while to prevent too rapid radiation we clothe the horse warmly. That does not lessen radiation, but lessens the rapidity of it. We get the same effects with blankets that we do with the irritants, but it takes longer. That is the chief virtue, I presume, in the oil covering. Instead of that a great many use cotton batting, or newspapers ot woolen blankets. These all encourage radiation, but so slightly that it is impercept- ible. Dr. Hawley: My views are pretty rabid in regard to coun- ter-irritation. Ido not believe in them. The term counter- irritants takes in all irritants or stimulants. Some we call mild irritants, some heroic. They are all irritants, and I am against all of them. I have had some actual results. I have kept a re- cord of a great many cases. In the first place, it is a well re- cognized fact that pneumonia is a specific disease and one that runs its course in spite of all you can do. Certain conditions occur in the horse, and if there is a sufficient amount of lung SOCIETY MEETINGS. 275 tissue involved, that horse will die. Certain other conditions occur in other horses ; the lungs are not affected to so great an extent, and they live. Of course, the first thing to do when we are called to a patient is to make a diagnosis. This is perfectly easy for any one who has had a little experience with pneu- monia. The next thing is the prognosis, which is just as im- portant, or more so than the diagnosis. If you can say “ that horse has pneumonia,” and that he will live, and it will take him so many days or so many weeks to recover, and you are right, you have made an impression on the owner of that ani- mal, and he will employ you again. Now, you will find quite a difference between treating your own horses and those of other people. I had 16 cases of pneumonia in my own horses at one timé, and there was no question of its being pneumonia. We had pink-eye and other diseasesin the stable besides, but we had 16 cases of pneumonia. As an experiment eight of these horses were treated with medicine, and the other eight without medi- cine. All of the 16 cases recovered and those without treatment did just as well as the others with treatment. Now, then, what are you going to arrive at? Probably there is more pneumonia at the Stock-Yards than anywhere else in the city. The animals get it during shipment, and after arrival. The old treatment was mustard. Now they are treating a good deal without mus- tard, but people have been educated to counter-irritants for pneu- monia. In some cases if you don’t use it the owners use it themselves. They get scared because the horse gets worse, and put it on without calling you. Dr. Quitman then replied to Dr. Hawley, stating that he had no way of telling whether or not it would have been pos- sible to have warded off a full attack of pneumonia in the eight cases which he treated without irritation. Dr. Hughes cited a case in his own experience at the Yards where a horse was very sick. It was a horse brought here to be exhibited at the International Live-Stock Show. The horse had a bad case of pneumonia, and breathing hard. He ordered a smart irritant applied, and with proper treatment the horse was able to go on and show the following afternoon, and carried off first prize in his class. Several of the members answered Dr. Hughes by stating that his was not a case of pneumonia, but simply a congestive chill; that he had given the horse a sweat and broken up the chill, and possibly warded off a case of pneumonia, but had not had pneumonia to deal with. 276 SOCIETY MEETINGS. AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. Since the announcement made in the May REVIEw, the fol- lowing have promised papers for the Minneapolis meeting: M. Jacobs and W. C. Rayen, of Tennessee ; Professor D. McEachran, of Montreal; Dr. Leonard Pearson, of Philadelphia; Dr. J. J. Repp, of Iowa, and Dr. S. D. Brimhall, of Minnesota. The passenger associations have granted the accustomed convention rate for this meeting, so that all may be assured of the concession. The Chicago veterinarians are taking a deep interest in the coming meeting and plans are under way for those who would pass through that city to unite ina party and journey by special train. The following letter from Prof. Baker explains this effort : CHICAGO, Ill., May 23, 1902. Dear Doctor Bell : With the view of helping to make the next meeting of the A.V.M.A. at Minneapolis a grand success, and of trying to enhance the pleasure and comfort of those attending that will pass through Chicago, Dr. Hughes and I are making arrangements with the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway to furnish special sleepers, and if the crowd is large enough, a special train, from Chicago on the night before the opening of the meeting, and we have written to each State Secretary in- forming them of this fact. Chicago is a point through which most of the members will pass on their way to Minneapolis, and we think it will be very pleasant to have the crowd gather here and go up together. We can get first-class accommodations and all of the privileges we may wish to ask for. Circulars will be sent later on to every member of the As- sociation informing them of the plan and also some to each State Secre- tary for distribution to prospective members and visitors. Hoping that you will do all in your power to make our plan a suc- cess, and that we will have the pleasure of seeing you here while ex route to Minneapolis, and with kindest regards, I remain, Yours very truly, A. H. BAKER. Secretary Stewart has issued the following stirring circular to members : DEAR Doctor :—A message for you. A great meeting of veteri- narians will be held in Minneapolis, Minn., next September and you are invited to have a part in it. This will be the thirty-ninth annual meeting of the American Veterinary Medical Association, and it will be worth more to you than any previous meeting, because—first, the American Veterinary Medical Association is a progressive organization ; next, the meeting is to be held in a section where the members of the profession are noted for their activity in the veterinary field; again, the veterinarians of the several provinces of Canada as well as of the states of the central west have said they will help to make the Minne- apolis meeting a record breaker in quality and quantity; further, the SOCIETY MEETINGS. 27% twin cities of the north possess many things which delight and entertain visitors ; and last, but not least, veterinarians will gather there from all parts of the American continent—class-mates and old time acquaint- ances—those whom you have learned to respect through their contri- butions to American veterinary literature—those who have helped you by reporting their experience in practice. By gathering with them you can secure the priceless boon of fellowship, fraternity and professional comity, and know them better by hand grasp, by vocal greeting, by meeting face to face. Papers on sanitary subjects, papers relative to general practice, pa- pers pertaining to the veterinary profession in general will be included in the literary program. Specialists in every phase of veterinary science will find much in the program to interest them. The Committee on Local Arrangements has appointed from their number a special committee on Clinics, and plans are being prepared for an extensive, instructive and perfectly ordered clinic, demonstrating several new surgical procedures and new surgical appliances. Members and visitors find that the social features of the meetings are greatly increased by the presence of the ladies and you are urged to consider them in your arrangements for attending this meeting. The Minnesota State Fair and a special program of entertainment will make this meeting a most attractive one for them. If you intend to prepare a paper for the program of the Minneapolis meeting, and you are respectfully urged to do so, you should notify me at once, stating title of same. If there be any errors in the address on the enclosing envelope, kindly advise me of the same that our books may be corrected and make more certain the delivery of future communications from this office. If your neighbor veterinarian is likely to be interested in the work of this Association and would probably apply for membership if so- licited, will you not write to the resident Secretary of your state and secure an application blank and copy of By-Laws for your neighbors’ consideration ? Your attention is respectfully called to the enclosed statement of your account for dues and you are urged to give this matter early atten- tion. You know upon reflection that prompt payment of dues consti- tutes an elixir of life to an organization. Your proportion of said elixir is needed to maintain the vitality of the A. V. M.A. Yours very sincerely, S. STEWART, Secretary. A package of somewhat similar circulars was sent to the various State Secretaries to issue to qualified members of the profession who would be likely to unite themselves with the Association, or attend the meetings. A number of Eastern veterinarians and their families will make the trip to Minneapolis by way of the Lakes, embarking at Buffalo for Chicago, from thence by rail. Among those who anticipate this pleasant trip are Dr. and Mrs. George H. Berns, Dr. and Mrs. E. B. Ackerman, and Dr. and Mrs. Roscoe R. Bell, 278 SOCIETY MEETINGS. of Brooklyn, N. Y., and Dr. James L. Robertson, of Manhattan Borough, New York City. THE NEW JERSEY BOARD OF VETERINARY MEDI- CAL EXAMINERS met at the State House, Trenton, on Monday, May 5, and before noon of that day the oath of office was administered by Assistant Secretary of State J. B. R. Smith. Gov. Murphy’s selection to comprise this board consists of these names: Dr. Wm. Herbert Lowe, Paterson; Dr. T. E. Smith, Jersey City ; Dr. Whitfield Gray, Newton; Dr. T. Earle Budd, Orange; and Dr. Thomas B. Rogers, Woodbury. Immediately after the oath was taken an organization was completed and the following offi- cers elected: President, Dr. Wm. Herbert Lowe; Secretary, Dr. Whitfield Gray, Newton ; Treasurer, Dr. T. E. Smith. A com- mittee was named, consisting of the President, Secretary and Dr. Thomas B. Rogers, to arrange the details of the approaching examination. It was decided to hold the first examination at the State House, Trenton, on June 24, 1902, and intending applicants can secure the desired information and application blanks from the Secretary. Immediately after the organization and the necessary busi- ness completed, the meeting adjourned as a mark of respect to the father of the ‘‘ McKee act,’? Senator Wood McKee, of Paterson, wliose father’s death occurred the day previous. It is perhaps needless to add this was an eventful day to the veterinary profession of the State, because it really marks the beginning of a new and important period in the history and places the members of the profession on a plane with other branches of medicine. A careful perusal of the ‘‘ McKee act,” which is responsible for the existence of this commission, will show that hereafter in New Jersey intending practitioners must be properly educated and in other ways fitly qualified. A united feeling exists among the profession in the State, and the harmonious condition, together with recent legislative recognition, is due largely to the untiring efforts of the Presi- dent, Dr. Wm. Herbert Lowe. WHITFIELD GRAY, Secretary. “ THERE is no use talking; I can’t get along without the REVIEW. May it live long and prosper.’—Wm. V. Lusk, Vetin. 2d Cav., U. S. Army. NEWS AND ITEMS. 279 NEWS AND ITEMS. C.J. Carrick, M. R. C. V.S., of Pittsburgh, Pa., died the latter part of February. Dr. W. T. Monsarrat, of Honolulu, Hawaii, will attend the Minneapolis meeting of the A. V. M. A. Dr. J. C. BURNESON, Veterinarian to the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station, Wooster, O., has resigned to again enter into active practice. ‘‘Don’T see why I ever waited so long before subscribing to the REvIEW. Could not now do without it.”—( 7. B. L. Terrell, V. S., Dresden, Tenn.) Dr. JOSEPH R. HopcGson, of Brooklyn, N. Y., is convales- cing from a severe attack of scarlet fever, which became com- plicated with abscess, requiring laparotomy. Dr. L.. H. REEFER, of Wheeling, W. Va., was bitten by a rabid dog during the past winter, underwent the Pasteur in- oculation treatment, and escaped serious consequences. Dr. J. H. BLATTENBURG, of Lima, Ohio, was confined in the hospital of that city during April for some three weeks, suf- fering with septic infection of both arms, due to a parturition case ina mare. He is now a convalescent. THIRTEEN high-class harness horses belonging to W. L. El- kins, of Philadelphia, were sold at auction in New York, April 25, for an average of $1819. The highest bid was $6200. Tichenor & Co. sold thirty in the same market for an average of $1320. Dr. A. G. Hopkins formerly of the Wisconsin College of Agriculture, has been appointed by the Dominion Government as veterinary quarantine officer for Canada in Great Britain, with headquarters at Glasgow. His certificates will also be accepted by the United States government. HENRY TWEEDLEY, M. R. C. V.S., of Buffalo, N. Y., was a visitor to Gotham the early part of May. He attended the meet- ing of the County Veterinary Medical Association, and incident- ally promised to reproduce some interesting cases from his note- book for the benefit of REVIEW readers. “ THE Cow-PEa ”’ is the title of the latest publication issued by the Experiment Farm of the North Carolina State Horticul- tural Society at Southern Pines, N.C. This book, neatly bound and illustrated in plain and concise manner, discusses the value and uses of this important crop, the cow-pea. Every reader can 280 NEWS AND ITEMS. get a copy free by writing to the Superintendent of Experiment Farm, Southern Pines, N. C. Dr. WILLIAM DOUGHERTY, of Baltimore, Md., sailed for Europe from New York, May 12, and a number of his friends were at the dock to wish him doz voyage. He expects to be absent for several months, and one of the most pleasant of his anticipations is a call on his old teacher and great friend, Prof. Liautard, in Paris. America has no more loyal veterinarian than Dr. Dougherty, and we trust that his transatlantic sojourn may be fraught with pleasure and healthful recreation. ROMANCE OF A VETERINARIAN.—After Dr. A. J. Savage, of Colorado Springs, Col., returned to New Orleans from his third South African trip on March 7, he visited St. Louis, Mo., and Gillespie, lll., and after a few weeks reached Kansas City, Mo. In the last-named city he met an old friend, Miss Sarah E. Callahan, a native of Columbus, Ohio, who was visiting her cousin in the Missouri metropolis. She was on the point of return- ing East, but the presence of the genial veterinarian somewhat changed her plans, with the result that they were married on April 1st, starting for the West the day following, and on the sth they were ensconced in their new home near the base of Pike’s Peak. THE old-established and well-known veterinary instrument house of John Reynders & Co., for years at 303 Fourth Avenue, New York City, has ceased to exist. On May 12 the stock was sold by the assignee for the benefit of the creditors, and many of the veterinarians of Gotham secured some rare bargains. Drs. Coates and Gill were heavy investors, and they have probably enough of certain kinds of instruments to perform all the opera- tions that will be undertaken in the country during the period of their natural lives. Dr. Gill secured enough catgut ligatures, for instance, to sew up a wound as large as the Atlantic Ocean, while Dr. Coates could pack the cavity of that wound with the antiseptic gauze which fell to his bid. Theodore F. Krey, who has had charge of the veterinary department of the Reynders’ business for the past ten or a dozen years, will continue that branch, and for the present has secured office room at the New York-American Veterinary College, 141 West 54th Street, where communications may be sent to him. Mr. Krey is in every way familiar with the details of the veterinary instrument business ; has an Eastern acquaintance with veterinarians probably more extensive than any other commercial man; the field is almost unoccupied, so far as New York is concerned, and he should do a good business. NEWS AND ITEMS. 281 DEATH OF “ FARMER” MILES.—The most celebrated ridg- ling castrator in the world, T. C. Miles (known internationally as ‘‘Farmer” Miles), died at Charleston, I1l., in March, aged seventy-five years, having been born in Kentucky in 1825. For almost half a century he has followed the business of a profes: sional castrator, preferably doing the operation upon cryptor- chids, and has instructed many students and veterinarians his methods of procedure, both upon animals and birds. It has been said that the peculiar length and shape of his fingers was a potent factor in his success. He was also the inventor of many instruments designed for emasculation, the ecrazeur bear- ing his name having been a standard instrument for many years, while his caponizing outfit is probably the best on the market. He gave to the veterinary profession two sons—one a graduate of McGill, the other of the Chicago college. How THE Hair Turns WHITE.—According to certain ob- servations of Metchnikoff’s (Proceedings of the Royal Society, No. 453), it appears that the performances of phagocytes are not always advantageous, at least from the cosmetic point of view. In a study of the general subject of atrophy, especially senile atrophy, Metchnikoff has found that the atrophic process that so affects the pigment of the hair as to turn it white is due to the intervention of phagocytes. These cells have each a single nucleus, he says, but they differ greatly one from another in general appearance owing to numerous amceboid prolongations of their protoplasm. ‘They are situated primarily in the medul- lary portion of the hair shaft, but make their way outward into its cortical layer, where they absorb the pigment granules and remove them from the hair. In hair which has partly turned white, but still preserves its pigment to some extent, a great number of these phagocytes may be found, while in absolutely white hair phagocytes filled with pigment grow scarcer and scarcer and most frequently dis- appear completely. On observing the root of a hair that is be- ginning to whiten, a great many phagocytes filled with pigment are often found. It is indubitable, says Metchnikoff, that the phagocytes of the hairs swallow up the granular pigment of the cortical layer and carry it away, thus leading to complete whit- ening of the hair. In this way, he maintains, the occasional phenomenon of the hair turning white ina single night is to be ex- plained, the phagocytes being endowed with greatly heightened activity. The whitening of the hair of old dogs, he says,is brought about by the same process.—(New York Medical Journal.) PUBLISHERS’ DEPARTMENT. Subscription price, $3 per annum, invariably in advance; foreign countries, $3.60; students while attending college, $2; single copies, 25 cents. Rejected manuscripts will not be returned unless postage ts forwarded. Subscribers are earnestly requested to notify the Business Manager immediately upon changing their address. Alex. Eger, 34 East Van Buren St., Chicago, lll., Veterinary Publisher and dealer in Veterinary Instruments, Books, and Drugs, is the authorized agent for the REVIEW in Chicago and the Middle West, and will receive subscriptions and advertisements at publishers’ rates. «« SANITAS ”’ at the top of page 16 (ad. dept.) is considered a staple by the leading veterinarians of this country and Europe. For the conveni- ence of busy practitioners, the manufacturers of this product have made several special veterinary preparations aside from the ‘‘ Crude Liquid ’’ furnished for general use as an antiseptic and disinfectant ; among others, an ointment, a soft soap, a cake soap, and an embroca- tion ; all of which have found favor with veterinary practitioners. HAUSSMANN & DuNN Co., of Chicago, whose ad. appears on page I (ad. dept.), have added to their large list of veterinary instruments and appointments, the ‘‘ Combination ’’ Veterinary Dental and Surgical Halter, recently patented by Dr. Ellis (New York), they having the agency for the entire United States and its Territories, outside of New York City and Brooklyn. YOUNG PRACTITIONERS not firmly settled, and new graduates not yet located, may find something to interest them in the advertisements un- der the head of ‘‘ Practice for Sale,’’ at the foot of this page. Mrs. BARRON has not disposed of all of the books of her late hus- band’s library, and we have left the list entire, as it was last month, on page 14 (ad. dept.), not having been advised by her which of the lists she has sold. If you want any of them, write Mrs. Barron at once, and you will be able to buy them very much below their cost. PRACTICE FOR SALE. For sale by Veterinarian. A good paying practice, dwelling, barns and adjacent rent- ing property. In one of the best towns in Mo, The Co. seat, 7000 inhabitants. Good farming territory. Will sell entire at bargain and with terms Must go West on account of health, Address ‘‘ BARGAIN,’’ care of the AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW, 509 W. 152d St., New York City. PRACTICE FOR SALE. Will sell excellently appointed Infirmary and practice ranging from five to seven thou- sand dollars per annum, with a chance for increase by a live young man; will sell at a sacrifice and will remain with purchaser for at least four weeks. Will sell all or half in- terest. Prefer to sell all. Address ** PRACTICE,”’ care of AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW, 509 W. 152d St., New York City. REVIEWS WANTED. The Publishers will pay 25c¢ a piece for April, Ig01, and September, 1898. Also any one having any of the following numbers will kindly communicate with us before send- ing, as only a limited number are wanted of each. April, June, July and December, 1899, and January, 1900, also March, 1896, Address, Robert W. Ellis, D. V.S., No. 509 W. 152d Street, New York. AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW. JULY; 1902: All communications for publication or in reference thereto should be addressed to Prof. Roscoe R. Bell, Seventh Ave. & Union St., Borough of Brooklyn, New York City. EDITORIAL. EUROPEAN CHRONICLES. MOLASSES AS Foop.—In the February issue of the REVIEW of this year, No. 11 of our last volume, there appeared a letter from Dr. Griffin, veterinarian to the 5th U. S. Cavalry, relating a series of experiments he had made, concerning the advantages that could be derived, in campaigns under special climates, by the use of molasses added to the daily ration, replacing a pro- portional quantity of other food. Probably the excellent communication of our friend passed unappreciated, and I plead guilty to having failed in giving it justice. Recently, however, we find that it had been given the hos- pitality of the pages of one of the English journals, and de xovo our attention was directed to it. A short time before, in a visit that I made to the French horse-sshow (Concours hippique) in Paris, while passing through the various exhibitions which were made in connection with the show, I noticed a little side exhibition where molasses bread, molasses biscuits, were sold. These are recommended as a supplement to horse food. And finally, lately, the subject became the object of a long and most interesting discussion at the Société Centrale, in which very important facts were presented by the learned di- rector of the cavalry of the Compagnie Générale des Omnibus, 283 284 EDITORIAL. my friend Mr. Lavalard, and after which I had the honor of re- lating the experiments of our friend Griffin, by extracts that I made from his letter alluded to already. To complete this series of events, it was my pleasure to ac- company a gentleman of Boston through some of the horse establishments here, where we had the opportunity to see mo- lasses feeding carried out on a large scale. My American friend, who is well posted on horse matters, and keeps a large number of them, acknowledged to me that this was altogether new to him, and that he had never heard of it in the States. All the above facts are my reasons for the present article, and for the following facts that I find in Lavalard’s article. It seems that it is true, thanks to the researches of MM. Chauveau and Grandeau, that sugar substances have found their way into the alimentation of domestic animals. But, although from French origin, it is only in Germany that they found their practical application. Many compounds have been made, some of which proved more satisfactory than others: oil- cakes, corn cakes, remains of wheat, bran, cut straw, peat, blood, bread, etc., missed with molasses, have been tried by many ex- perimenters. Molassed peat seems to be the one that has given the best results, and a special preparation of that kind, under the name of ‘‘ Molassine,” is to-day used in the German, Aus- trian and Russian armies. Similar trials have thus been made with it in Paris, in two large establishments, and from the general total of observations made, the following conclusions have been adopted : (1) That there is no danger nor inconvenience whatsoever to give in the daily ration of a horse at least one kilog. of mo- lassed peat, of good quality, in the proportion of 20 per cent. of peat and 80 of molasses. (2) That to the extent of one kilog., at least, molassed peat takes absolutely the place of the same quantity of good oats. (3) That by this change of diet the general condition, mus- cular power, energy to work, health, not only remains pertect, but the coat looks better and more shiny. EDITORIAL. 285 (4) That with horses subject to colic and indigestion the attacks are less severe, less frequent and sometimes disap- pear. At the Campagnie des Omnibus, where 15,000 horses are kept, they are all following that régzme. The typical ration for horses weighing between 500 and 600 kilog. is as follows : Crushed oats, corn and beans mixed 7 kil. 500. Molassed peat - - - - a keil Cut straw - . - between 3 and 4 kil. No hay whatever. The old ration, which would have cost in ordinary times between 2 francs soc. to 3 francs, is reduced to 1 france 79¢. (from 50 to 60 cents to a fraction over 35 cents.) We have seen the horses of one depot of 1500 horses all fed with this ration, and whose work covers a distance of 16 to 18 miles a day, return from their trip in splendid condition and as full of energy as could be desired. Let us read over Griffin’s article and we will find that all he has so well observed are matters of facts, and that he deserves credit for calling attention to a subject which, we believe, is still little thought of, if not unknown in the States. * * * DISTEMPER VACCINE.—Some months ago I spoke of a se- ries of experiments, which were to be carried out by a commis- sion appointed by the Société de Médecine Vétérinaire Practique to test the value of the Phisalix distemper vaccine. I will to- day tell our friends of the results obtained, as they were pre- sented by the secretary of the commission. Three questions were to be answered : (1) Give the disease to young dogs free from previous infec- tion, by inoculating them with culture of the virus made by Dr. Phisalix ; (2) Show that dogs which had had the disease were immu- nized against an injection of the virus ; (3) Vaccinate pups, two or three months old, which had not had the disease, with 2 or 3 inoculations made with attenuated 286 EDITORIAL. cultures of increasing virulence, eight or ten days after the first inoculation. Half of those pups were to be tested afterwards with virulent culture, the other half to be exposed with the first also, in being put in contact with diseased dogs. The first part of the experiment was carried out without difficulty. Four dogs were inoculated ; all died with symptoms of the disease, more or less acute. Two other witnesses, which had not been inoculated, but had lodged with the others, took also the classic form of the disease and died in 21 and 35 days. This experiment proved that the inoculated microbe was the agent of distemper; that it reproduces the acute and chronic forms of the disease, and that dogs, rendered diseased by the inoculation, infect healthy subjects living with them. The second part of the experiment was not as favorable to the consideration of Dr. Phisalix. Its object was to show that the inoculation of the attenuated microbe confers immunity. That was the question which interested the commission in its practical application. To carry it out, seven dogs between two and three months of age, were inoculated with 3 cc. of very weak culture. Un- fortunately, after the operation, they were kept for four days in contact with two other sick dogs, and in the same kennel. Of these seven dogs, four took the disease with the characteristic symptoms, after an incubative stage of no more than 22 days. Out of these seven dogs, only two survived. One was slightly sick, the other, the only one which resisted the second inocula- tion of more virulent culture, presented, however, the symp- toms of the disease. With all, a painful cedematous swelling occurred at the seat of inoculation. Two had pustular erup- tions on the abdomen and in the groins. Considering that those dogs had been kept exposed four days after the first inoculation, plans were laid out by which this second unsuccessful trial should be made over again under strict conditions, viz., young age of the pups, virgins from dis- ease and kennels perfectly free from germs. Unfortunately for some reason or another Dr. Phisalix declined to submit his vac- EDITORIAL. 287 cine to another test, and the commission considered its work at an end. It is very unfortunate that such failure should have crowned the efforts of the commission. ‘The inventor of the method claims to have a large number of professional statements (some .- 1200, I hear) testifying to results entirely contrary to those pre- sented by the commission. Why should he retire a proposition that he was first to make? Mystery! But in the meanwhile, and to guard our friends from too hasty desire to advocate the method, let me give them briefly what Dr. A. J. Sewell, F. R. C. V.S., tells of the vaccine in the Veterinary Record : “YT have had an opportunity of trying Dr. Phisalix’s serum for vaccinating dogs against distemper, but the results in my hands have been extremely unsatisfactory. . . . The vacci- nations were carried out under antiseptic precautions. All the dogs without exception contracted the disease, when they came in contact with an infected dog. . . . Ihave just seen an unsolicited letter from a gentleman. He had fourteen dogs inoculated, and these afterwards became infected, when brought in contact with the disease. . . . The conclusion I have come to is that vaccinating with Dr. Phisalix’s serum has no effect one way or another.” Until proofs to the contrary, I entirely agree with Dr. Sewell. ANOTHER SEVEN-DAyY WoNDER.—While the results that I have just been relating on this distemper vaccine may, for the present at least, be classified under the list of scientific disap- pointments, a consolation remains to Dr. Phisalix, viz., that he is not the only one who has met with such dissatisfaction. I recently mentioned in one of my “chronicles” the sensa. tion which has been created in Italy in relation to a new treat- ment for foot-and-mouth disease, which by the name of its pre- coniser has been baptized the “ Bacelli method.” In my first article I told how it was received, patronized or objected to, and 288 EDITORIAL. how the Italian press was filled with articles relating to the new treatment, now from its advocates and again from its adver- saries. It seems that after all the advice given by some of those, viz., “To hurry up and cure while the remedy does it,” was not alto- gether exaggerated. The information that is coming from al- most every part of the world seems to be unanimously against it, and although good reports are still now and then read of in Italian veterinary journals, yet in them also, as well as in those of Spain, Germany and Switzerland, we read of a general con- demnation of the method. According to’ Prof. Hirzel, of Zurich, the small-dose treat- ment, by subcutaneous or intravenous injections, has had for re- sults, in animals affected with an “extraordinary mild” attack, to produce only mercurial accidents. In the canton of Zurich and of Fribourg, trials made on quite a large number of ani- mals, not the slightest curative effects were noticed, but, on the contrary, mercurialism of more or less severity ; and in Italy the list of failures continues to increase. This is not all. According to recent information, it seems that the method does not make victims only among bovines, but also among those who recommend and apply it. A veteri- narian is sued for damages by an owner, whose stock has been treated by the method with sad results. Others have suffered as severely by the loss of customers, who preferred to resort to the services of a ‘‘less fashionable veterinarian.” Minister Dr. Bacelli does not like the look of things—for him, if the results are so disastrous, it is because the veterina- rians are ignorant. Physicians must take their places. And Bacelli (the physician) is revenged by Bacelli (the Secretary of Agriculture), who proposes to give the diploma of veterinarian to physicians who shall follow a course of veterinary lectures for six months. It is also reported that Prof. Boschetti, of Parin, who was the first to call attention to the dangers of the famous treatment, has been the subject of a private revenge from Bacelli (the Secretary). Promoted to a higher professor- EDITORIAL. 289 ship, his nomination was refused, and not confirmed by the Sec- retary of Public Instruction, through the intrigues and influ- ence of his colleague, the Secretary of Agriculture, Dr. Bacelli. “Le we Bacctelane”’ (the hates of Bacelli) were satisfied, and still his “ mzrobolanti tnvenzione” (wonderful invention) remains another scientific disappointment. Of those I shall probably have no occasion to speak any more. 7 Oe) Ss THE LEGITIMATE FIELD OF THE A. V. M. A. This very important subject is being agitated by our friend, the editor of the Journal of Comparative Medicine, and the REVIEW is convinced that he is treading upon very dangerous ground. It does not believe that he is, figuratively speaking, climbing a veterinary Mt. Peleé, and that an eruption, belching forth rivers of lava and tornadoes of crater dust, is at all immi- nent. But we fear he is advocating a doctrine which means retrogression for the national veterinary organization—an asso- ciation which in the past ten years has risen from a position of comparative insignificance to a condition which should be the pride of every veterinarian in the land. Brother Hoskins has done as much as any one member of that organization to bring it to the commanding place which it holds, and for that reason his attitude must command the respectful attention of those who are to shape her precious destiny. We have recently seen the learned German savant Koch, supported by a world-wide reputation as an authority upon the subject of tuberculosis, make what most of his fellow investigators believe a fatal mis- take of judgment and conclusion, and it is not at all impossible that our journalistic confréré, honest as he undoubtedly is in his convictions, has followed in the footsteps of the Berlin professor. It is the boast of the profession that at our annual gatherings there will be found intellectual food for every member, no mat- ter in what field of veterinary science he may labor. The com- prehensive circular just sent out by the Association’s ideal Sec- retary laid particular stress upon this very point, and it is, we 290 EDITORIAL. believe, conceded by the best minds within the Association that the variety of the veterinary field, great as it is, cannot be so diversified but that all of her children can brood under the broad wings of the parent association. We sincerely trust that the day will never come when any member of the veterinary pro- fession can truthfully say that he has failed to attend a meeting because the programme contained little of direct interest or benefit to him. The Journal says substantially that surgical clinics and practical papers should be omitted from the meet- ings of the national organization, their proper place being at State and local gatherings, and, further, that’ if the private practitioner is unwilling to journey across the Continent to lis- ten to and take part in the discussions of higher subjects alone, the Association can well afford to dispense with him. This is, probably, the boldest stand which has ever been taken: by a membe: of that organization, and it is for the purpose of placing the subject squarely before the membership, in case such a pro- position is brought before them at the approaching meeting, that this article has been written. It is undoubtedly true that all true veterinarians take an interest, and most of them a deep one, in all the great questions which mean progress along the line well termed ‘State Med- icine,” but the concern of the man engaged in private practice is not of the same nature and depth of him who is working in that particular field. He is glad to read and absorb all that is written by those who make such subjects their life-work, and he rejoices sincerely as one after another of the great problems reach their solution; he points with pride to the work thus ac- complished by his brother veterinarian, and claims all the credit of such discoveries for /zs profession. Who, for example, does not narrate with righteous egotism the wonderful work accom- plished by the veterinarians of America through the Bureau of Animal Industry in stamping out forever from this country contagious pleuro-pneumonia, even though he may not person- ally have ever seen a case of that disease ? What veterinarian does not rejoice at the original investigations of Smith and Kil- EDITORIAL. 291 ~ borne, who gave to the world that fascinating “romance of pathology ’—the discovery of the microédrganism of Texas fever? Does he not claim for the American veterinary profes- sion the best federal meat inspection service in the world ? And, yet, what has the private practitioner contributed to the elucidation of these mighty problems, beyond his moral support, and his counsel and assistance to those engaged actively in the work ? While all this is true, and much more, how many would be willing to drop the routine of their private professional duties and journey a thousand miles or more to a convention where such questions a/oze were discussed? The very large majority of the membership of the A. V. M. A. is, always has been, and always will be composed of men who treat sick and disabled an- imals; avery large minority is made up of those engaged in teaching veterinary science in State universities, those pursu- ing experiment station work, veterinarians connected in various capacities with the Bureau of Animal Industry, those of the Army, and those occupying other positions where contagious and sporadic diseases are investigated with a view to their con- trol and prevention. While the majority is much interested in the work of.the minority, and wzce versa, the special find of the one class cannot be totally eliminated from the programme of the meetings of an association to which both belong without destroying the interest and support of the one which has re- ceived the slight. The /ourzal’s scheme means practically a total loss of the majority. It would, in other words, transform the A. V. M. A. into an expériment station association, with possibly a somewhat less restricted field than that which is oc- cupied by the existing society of that name. Is that the picture which the editor of the /owrnal/ would like to see? We know that it is not. We fear that he has not given his usual mature thought to the consequences of such a radical innovation. If the majority of the members wish sur- gical clinics it is because they believe themselves benefited and enriched by them. ‘They can study the results of the investi- gations and the discussions upon topics of State medicine in 292 EDITORIAL. the quiet of their homes with as much intelligence as though they were present and listened to them; but no amount of de- scriptive writing can transmit the same knowledge of a surgical procedure that ocular demonstration imparts; one must be upon the scene and behold with his very eyes the methods adopted by men of national reputations, or with special ability, who should, we think, bring to the attention of their less favored brethren classical and new operations, or new or better ways of performing such operations as are of most importance to the practitioner. . As to the omission of papers unon practical subjects, it does seem to us as a sacrilege to suggest such a hazardous experi- ment, and the day it is promulgated will mark a crisis in the onward march of the national association. The agitation of this subject can be of little benefit to the A. V. M. A., and the sooner its present policy is emphasized the better for it. We, therefore, hope that the /ournal’s sugges- tion will be placed in the form of a resolution, so that it can be submitted to a vote, and we will venture the prediction that it will be so forcibly rejected as to effectually settle the question during the present generation. -As to the practicability of section work, which the Journal contends has proven a failure, we beg to again differ from our contemporary, and to reiterate that the Association is drifting into it gradually, unconsciously, irresistibly, and practically. ANOMALOUS VETERINARY LITERATURE. We have received the first number of a magazine called ‘The Provincial Veterinary Quarterly, published at Manchester, England, edited by John Howard, M.R.C. V.S., Ll. H. A. S.5., etc., and “devoted to the interests of provincial veterinary surgeons and scientists.” As a curiosity, it is quite interesting and readable ; but as a professional journal, laboring for the ad- vancement of veterinary science, it is disgusting in the extreme. The name of Howard pervades every page, he being the author of the editorials, and the contributor of almost if not every EDITORIAL. 293 original article in the twenty-eight large pages which the peri- odical contains. When he tires of writing the name “ John Howard,” he varies the monotony by Romanizing himself into ‘‘Howardus Johannem,” and curtailing it to “H.J., V.S., M.R.C. V. S.,” while the only contributions which are not di- rectly credited to him bear xoms de plume which probably con- ceal the identity of “ John Howard” (such as “ Artemus Ter- tius,” “Senius Veterinus,” “ Agricola,” and “ V. S. Rusticus.”’) If the contents were valuable, it has the merit of being abso- lutely original, but its tone is blackguardish throughout. He denounces the entire composition of the Council of the Royal Veterinary College, and even the veterinary societies become the objects of his blasphemous pen. After a somewhat careful scrutiny of the Quarterly, in search of some sane ideas of its energetic editor, we have concluded that John Howard, M. R. C. V. S., L. H. A. S. S., is well described by the last three let- ters of his second title. AT the recent annual meeting of the Louisiana Medical So- ciety at Shreveport, Dr. Wm. H. Dalrymple, of Baton Rouge, Vice-President of the American Veterinary Medical Association, was one of the two men elected to honorary membership. The recipient of this mark of medical distinction is in every sense worthy of the honor conferred upon him by the representative or- ganization of the medical profession of his State. The South has had little opportunity to know the true worth of the science of veterinary and comparative medicine, as few of the leading members of the profession have taken up their abode in that section of the country, and .the marked distinction which has come to Dr. Dalrymple from various sources shows that indi- vidual worth is appreciated and respected wherever found. “THE REVIEW appears regularly and punctually, and its contents are of such a nature that no up-to-date veterinarian can afford to be without it.”—( Charles F. Dawson, M. D., D.V.S., Lake City, Fla.) 294 ONE OF THEM. ORTG LNA isan lie THE LIVING AND THE DEAD: REMINISCENCES OF THE VETERINARY PRACTITIONERS OF FORTY YEARS AGO. By ONE OF THEM. (Continued from page 213). R. JENNINGS, V. S. Little does the author know personally of him. After meet- ing him at the organization of the United States Veterinary Med- ical Association at the Astor House, and where he acted as one of the primary functionaries, he was somewhat lost sight of by the profession outside of Philadelphia, where in 1866 with a num- ber of veterinarians from Pennsylvania, they obtained a charter to organize the Pennsylvania College of Veterinary Surgeons, where he occupied the chair of pathology and surgery. AI- though a self-made man, Jennings was a hard student, and was much interested in the work of the college, which, notwith- standing his efforts and the assistance of his colleagues of the faculty, lasted but a short time. R. Jennings wrote several books for general practical use .and principally for farmers’; they never were recognized as of any value in a classical point of view. ‘Towards the last years of his life, R. Jennings left Philadelphia and went West to practice. * *K *K A LARGE, )M..D:.MiRe CaVvease ie Quite young when at the formation of the U. S. V. M. A. he joined those present and signed the constitution at the Astor House, where he arrived with his uncle Curtis. Large, who had a short time before returned to the States—some- where in 1860—was a graduate of the Royal Veterinary Col- lege of London. After his arrival in Brooklyn, he entered the Long Island Medical College, and graduated as an M. D. THE LIVING AND THE DEAD. 29: He then took charge of his uncle’s old practice, but did not like the riding school part of it, although he was himself much in favor of that sport. He was appointed to the New York College of Veterinary Surgeons as professor of theory and prac- tice when Copeman resigned the position, and for several years, up to the closing of the school in 1875, he held the position, and kept it fora few years more at the American Veterinary College. Dr. Large was a fluent speaker, a thorough physician, mas- ter veterinarian, and superior teacher. Rather small in stature, stern features, which would brighten up with force and expres- sion when he delivered his lectures, snapping his contracted lips against each other when engaged in serious discussion, he was as a teacher liked by all of his students. When he was at the Astor House and when he held his professorship, Large idol- ized the veterinary profession. He was very fond of medical studies, and the many sacrifices and concessions that he made to veterinary practice were known only by his most intimate friends. But in later years, for some unknown reason, after the death of a very dear relative who had cared for him for years when he was younger, he took a great dislike, if not to the pro- fession itself, at least to the connections it imposed on him, and he left Brooklyn for Massachusetts, where in a charming spot of the Berkshire mountains, at Great Barrington, he retired and established himself into consulting human practice. Dr. Large was one of the first to make out the correct diag- nosis of cerebro-spinal meningitis, of which he observed one of the first outbreaks. He wrote several articles on the subject for the Veterinarian, of England, and collaborated an appen- dix to a work of Stonehenge on a few special diseases of America. On the subject of cerebro-spinal meningitis he had peculiar ideas, and the specimen which he exhibited for many years to his students and friends shows how he was imbued of his pecu- liarities on the nature of the lesions. The specimen was a por- tion of the spinal cord, where the meninges were rather in- 296 ONE OF THEM, jected, and where a small deposit of fat had been left. ‘This by preservation in alcohol had assumed a peculiar aspect and was considered and exhibited as a deposit of plastic lymph. The laughing side of this is, however, that many, if not all, of those who saw the specimen accepted for a long time the explanation until deeper and more thorough studies of the na- ture of the disease and of its lesions were better known. Never- theless, it must be remembered that Large made this error over forty years ago, and that the simple fact of the positive diagno- sis of the disease, epizootic in its character, is more than suff- cient to excuse or to pay for the mistake he made in the nature of the lesions. Large is still alive, the veterinary profession does not inter- est him any more, but the veterinarians of forty years ago re- member him and wish him Bestel and happiness. A. aT RD: MI. Dy, Ween. Of Dr. Liautard there is little to say, or, rather, too much might be written ; but he is of our day, and he has been too prominent not to be known of all who live to-day. That he was one of the first to join the U. S. V. M. A.—in fact, was the first Secretary ; that he has acted an important part in the doings of that professional body, and that from the beginning to the last, his work in behalf of the profession has always had for its object the elevation of veterinary medicine— all that is known. He has written much for the association ; perhaps too much, as one of his friends used to say. And yet, of all his writings, none created more sensation than the address he sent at the time of the creation of the Society of the Faculties of the Veterinary Schools. Was he wrong? Was he right? But time has proved anyhow that had his advice been taken, errors might have been avoided, and certainly the influence of that organization would have been felt, its work more positive, and the good it might have done placed to its credit. Of Liautard’s life during his stay at the veterinary colleges THE LIVING AND THE DEAD. 29% with which he has been connected, there are many little stories told which are more or less amusing. Here are a few: In 1864 he was engaged to be married, but he was also taken up with a serious work: the improvement of the oppor- tunities for students of the New York College of Veterinary Surgeons. A camel had died at Barnum’s large managerie, and the cadaver sent to the Lexington avenue institution. L. had decided to mount the skeleton and to prepare as many of the specimens as he could get for his lectures and for the museum he was bound to collect. To this effect, one day he was in the hospital, engaged in cleaning and washing the entire digestive tract of that camel. For the intestines the work was simple, but for the stomach, with its enormous compartments, he had a hard job. With pants in his boots, coat off, shirt sleeves raised, sweating, covered with stomachal contents from head to foot, he was breaking, shoveling and pushing them away, while his old negro Jack was pouring water as fast as he could to try to soften and wash them away, when a knockat the door of the place where the work was going on was heard. ‘Come in,” said L. The door opened and his intended lady showed herself in the company of a friend. She was passing by and had come to say afew words. The situation was rather peculiar. L. ex- cused himself ; the lady retired ; but for a long time (oh, dear, how long !) he was told that he had a peculiar odor about his clothes and his hands. After this, he was careful not to be seen in his specimen-preparing costume. There was visiting him often an old retired Englishman, Mr. Epps, queer in his dressing, inquisitive, and many times _ annoying ; he was sometimes in the way when L. was engaged in his professional work. One day, at one of the clinics which he had established for his students, there came a horse with an enormous abscess of the withers. Filled to the utmost, it was evident that the pus would come out with great force as soon as the abscess would be punctured. The Englishman was there ; he wanted to see the opening made, and pushed himself rather 298 ONE OF THEM, conspicuously in front of the students, who were also anxious to see the result. L. thought he might give a lesson to the Englishman by having some of the pus go over the visitor’s clothes. He took a bistoury and started to make his incision to that effect. But as he plunged it into the top of the withers, the horse made a movement, the incision deviated, and a thick stream of pus came rushing out through the opening and fell all over his own face and covered all his clothes. Aketwakds? for himself as well as for others, L. was more care- ful in emptying soft tumors. L,. was very fatherly with his students, stern, and yet inti- mate, without allowing familiarity. Severe and friendly, strict to all and demanding of each the exact performance of his duties, he was very much liked and yet feared more or less by all. He was always ready to give advice, an explanation, or anything that a student might need, and more than one has been glad to call on him when the family remittance was late in arriving. While engaged in many occupations, and his time much taken up with practice or other duties, he was a slave to his obligations towards his class, and whether in day time or in the evenings, when due he was there. Dissections at the A. V. C. were carried on in the evenings, and several times a week L, would beat the dissecting room either to demonstrate, guide the students in their work, and on many occasions merely for the pleasure to be with them. One evening it was snowing very hard, the wind blew and it was scarcely weather for any one to be out af- ter supper and a good day of work. Several of the students had been obliged to come back to the College for a quiz, and when this was over, they came down with a rush—some to go away, others to prepare for dissecting. One of them, one of the best of that class, who never neglected his work, was not well disposed that evening, and instead of getting his dissecting gown, called to one of his chums and said: ‘Oh, come, let us go home; it is horrid weather out and the old man won’t come to-night.” As he turned back he found himself face to face with L., who said, ‘‘ No, the old man will not come, he is here.” THE LIVING AND THE DEAD. 299 The poor fellow did not know what to say nor to do, and, ashamed of himself, scooted away, followed by the laughing of all the boys. But he knew the “ old man,” and he knew that a “queeze ” from him would be all the reproach he would give him. He got the “ queeze” and was not hurt by it, for he was as good a student as a good fellow—qualities which no doubt he has still. * ROBERT McCLURE, V. 8. Another self-made man, who was practicing in Philadelphia somewhere in 1860. He became prominent on two occasions : First, in some difficulties which originated shortly after the organization of the U. S. V. M. A., which ended in his expul- sion from that body. According to some statements printed, ‘a general quarrel seems to have taken place and the records of the first meeting were destroyed—the stubs of the first pages which have been cut out are still in the book used by the Asso- ciation.” * The second and more serious event is the con- demnation which he received for selling bogus diplomas to veterinary surgeons. He was fined $2000 and sentenced to nine months imprisonment. It was stated that, after sentence was pronounced, he attempted to poison himself, but was adminis- tered a counter-poison and was saved. He was the author of a popular work on diseases of horses. After his condemnation he was lost sight of. * Dr. R. S. Huidekoper, Sept., 1899. (To be continued.) “JUNE REVIEW received and read with interest. I find it full to overflowing of the kind of matter which veterinarians like to read.”—(S. Stewart, M. D., V. S., Kansas City, Mo.) THE old conundrum, how much would it cost to shoe a horse providing the first nail would be charged for at one cent and a doubling up in cost of all the others, was carried out. As- suming that there are seven nails in each shoe, thus making it 28 nails, the total cost for shoeing the horse would be $1, 300,202.24. 300 G. NAROTEL. HA;MATOZOA AND THEIR MODES OF TRANSMISSION. By. Pror. G. NAROTEI,.* If there is in parasitology a question that has made extensive progress in the last years, it is certainly that of the hzematozoa. It is not long since that word brought to the mind of most physicians only the idea of paludism ; indeed, the heematozoon of Laveran has for a long time remained the only one known by the medical public, and besides the number of those para- sites of the blood was relatively limited. To-day, things have much changed: the number of those which have been observed with certainty in man and domestic animals has raised to no less than eighteen, and a glance at the following list of the names of each parasite and the disease it produces will satisfy any one of the progress accomplished : A. PROTOZOA. (1) Sporozoa. Plasmodium matarie ( Human malaria, paludism, inter- Plasmodium vivax mittent fever, paludean fever, Laverania precox etc: Hemoproteus Danilewsky Malaria of birds. Piroplasma bigeminum Bovine Piroplasmosis (Texas fever, Tristeza, mal de brou, etc.) Piroplasma cants Canine piroplasmosis (uterus, etc. ) Piroplasma ovis Ovine piroplasmosis. Piroplasma equt Equine piroplasmosis. (2) Lnfusoria. Trypanosoma Evanst Indian trypanosome (swine). Trypanosoma Brucit Nagana (disease of the fly, disease of the Tsetsé). Trypanosoma equiperdum Dourine. B. WORMS. (1) Trematodes. Schistosomum hematobium Human schistosomose (bilharziosis of . «Bevel Schistosomum bovis Bovine schistosomose. (2) Nematodes. Strongylus vasorum Pulmonary strongylose of dogs. Sclerostomum vulgare Sclerostomose of horses (vermicular aneurism). * Translated by A. Liautard from the Journal de Zoitechnie, HAMATOZOA AND THEIR MODES OF TRANSMISSION. 301 Filaria Bancrofti Human filariose. Filaria tmmutis Canine filariose. Filaria recondita Canine filariose (haematozoa of Lewis.)* Recent researches have therefore considerably increased the numerical importance of hzematozoa; they have done more, as they have also remarkably increased their pathogenic impor- tance. Some have revolutionized the history of some of the most dangerous of our parasitic diseases, among which we must name paludism, piroplasmoses, trypanosomoses and filarioses. Let us resume those researches briefly : (1) PALUDISM.—It was in 1880 that Laveran discovered the hzematozoon, which carries his name, and that he described its principal forms; as a body spherical, flagellated, in crescent and in rosacious shape. At first, the discovery passed over- looked until towards 1882, when the parasite was discovered in various parts, especially in Italy, Corsica, England, Germany and Austria. Its existence became more and more accepted, and in 1885 Marchiafava and Celli proposed the name /las- modium malarte. Since that time observations have been made in numbers, showing in an unquestionable manner its constant presence in all individuals affected with paludism and its absolute absence in those who are free from it. Furthermore, under the impulse given by Golgi, the doc- trine of the “ plurality of species’ was born, generally admitted in our day, in such manner that it is classical actually to de- scribe not one, but three fever parasites: (1) Plasmodium malarie of the quartan fever ; (2) Plasmodium vivax of the tertian fever ; (3) Laverania precox of irregular or autumnal fevers. Since a long time it was asked what could be the mechan- ism of the infection. Some thought the morbid germ was car- ried by the air, hence the origin of the word ‘“ mal’aria”’ (bad *To this list, other less important parasites may be added: Trypanosomes of the camel, of the dog, rabbit, guinea-pig ; /usciola hepatica ; Filaria equina; Filarta magathaesi; Fil, Evansi and many more embriosof helminths which pass through the blood to reach the organs. 302 G. NAROTEL. air) ; others rather advocated the hydrical or the elluricalt origin. A fact, however, had been noticed: the abundance of mos- quitoes in malarial countries, and again it was Laveran, who, one of the first, advanced the hypothesis of a possible part played by those insects. Thus the theory of the mosquito re- ceived birth. It has just been verified; but, curiously enough, with the hzematozoze of birds, in 1898, by Ross and only a few months later by Grassi, with those of malaria. With the assistance of Bignami and of Bastianelli, Grassi has shown that only the mosquitoes belonging to the family of Culicids and to the Anophiles genus, can serve as intermediate hosts to the germs of malarial endemies. (1) The proofs in favor of this are numerous to-day : (1) Malaria has been inoculated with success to individu- als living outside the centers of contagion, by being stung by anophiles, intentionally infected. (Experimen‘s made by Patrick Manson upon his own son.) (2) Day by day, it has been possible to follow the growth of the hzematozoa in the body of the Anophiles, which had been made to suck palustral blood. (Observations of Grassi, Big- nami and Bastianelli.) It is not necessary here to recall these researches purely zoological; let us only say that once in the body of the insect, the parasites give birth to zygotes (eggs of botanists) which become encysted in the walls of the stomach and produce an innumerable quantity of small vermicules called sporozoites. ‘These are thrown into the lacunar circula- tion and principally gather in the salivary glands, then in the trunk of the mosquito, which inoculate them with every one of its pricks. (3) Paludism has been avoided in taking only the single pre- caution to protect one’s self from anophiles. This is shown by the experiments of Sambon and Low, who without the slightest accident were able to pass a whole summer in one of the most unhealthy parts of Roman country with the doors and windows of their house simply closed with metallic sereens sufficiently fine to prevent the entrance of the cullicids. HMATOZOA AND THEIR MODES OF TRANSMISSION. 303 Finally, to remove all doubts, Sambon and Grassi in 1900 undertook a series of experiments, which demonstrated in an absolute manner the part of anophiles in spreading fevers. Those were made on the disciplined corps of men working in the companies of railroads, in a region where the disease is so endemic that it is called “la piana di pesto,” the pestiferous prairie, and consisted exclusively in protecting from the mos- quitoes all individuals living in a given district, while those of the neighborhood localities remaining unprotected served as witnesses. The protection was obtained in closing all the openings of houses with metallic screens, in carrying from sunset to the morning a hat with a veil covering the face and neck, and in having thick gloves protecting the wrists. The results were wonderful ; out of 113 individuals of the protected zone, not a new case occurred, while in the other the proportion of those who became affected was 49 out of 50. The proof was more than wonderful, and to-day it can be said without fear of errors that two conditions are indispensable for the development of paludism : (a) That in the country individuals affected with palustral fever be with mosquitoes of the anophiles genus ; (0) That those anophiles which become infected with the blood of malarial patients, have a chance to prick healthy in- dividuals. Such are the results of recent researches, and this double formula has a capital importance, as it has permitted us to begin upon a rational basis the struggie against malarial endemies. Indeed, for this to be efficacious three means are indicated : (a) Energetic use of quinine tn all infected individuals, the multiplication of the hzematozoa is thus prevented, the infection of the anophiles become impossible. (b) Destruction of the mosquitoes, by suppression of stag- nant waters. The growth of those insects demands the presence of still waters ; females lay their eggs, which give birth to larve, then to nymphes, both aquatic, and finally to perfect 304 G. NAROTEL. insects flying in the air; therefore it may be said that where there is no stagnant water there are no mosquitoes, and there- fore no malaria. The suppression of stagnant waters is often possible by drainage and drying, removal of useless reservoirs, of ponds or lakes, and when it is not possible, the destruction of the larvee can be obtained in keeping fishes in the waters, or better, by the American process, the Jetrolizatzon, which con- sists in pouring petroleum over the surface of the water; this spreads in a thin layer and forms a covering which prevents the larvee and the lymphes from breathing; they die by asphyxia. (c) Protection of people against the pricks of the insects.— The experiments of Grassi, Sambon and Low show that ma- larial fevers could be avoided in not letting infected anophiles bite healthy people, and healthy anophiles to come and Hes themselves in pricking diseased individuals. This protection can be obtained easily. Cullicids are night insects, which fly in myriads at sunset and rest during the day ; therefore, all that is necessary is to protect one during the night as follows : (1) Not to allow the anophiles to enter houses by the use of fine metallic screens ; avoid light in the bedrooms. (2) Use mioguiies netting. (3) Wash the face and hands with substances that chase the insects; for instance, a maceration of quassia amara, which leaves on the skin a disagreeable taste. (4) Individuals who have to be out at night shall carry a veil around the head, and closed tightly under the clothes round the neck ; use thick gloves and have lower parts of the legs of the pants tight, with lace or protected with leather gaiters. Wherever these have been seriously tried the disease has disap- peared. The knowledge of the part played by mosquitos in the spreading of endemics of paludism shows its importance in the progress made since three years in its prophylaxy. IJ. PIROPLASMOSES.—Heematozoa of malaria do not seem to exist in our domestic animals; they are replaced by forms —” HMATOZOA AND THEIR MODES OF TRANSMISSION. 305 very close to them, “the piroplasmas.”’ The most known are those which produce an affection observed for the first time in Roumania, under the name of “ bacterian heemoglobinuria” of cattle (1888). It has been observed in various regions: in the United States (Texas fever, 1889), in Finland (hemoglobinuria of Finland, 1894), in Sardinia (hematuria of Sardinia, 1895), in Italy (bovine malaria, 1897), in Australia, Transvaal, Turkey, Argentine Republic and Uruguay (tristeza), etc., ete. Professor Mathis, in 1896, showed that the disease is also found in France, where it is ordinarily called ‘‘ Mal de Brou.” Its area of dispersion is therefore very large. It is to Smith and Kilborne that comes the honor to have, in 1889, brought out the evidence in the blood of animals af- fected with Texas fever of an intraglobular parasite, partly seen the year before by Babes and that with right they did consider as the agent of the disease ; they named it pzrosoma bigeminum, but later the name of the genus was left off and that of Pivro- plasma substituted for it. _ The same authors have shown also that, like human malaria, the inoculation of bovine malaria was made by blood-sucker animals, the ixodes or ticks. Such was our knowledge upon bovine piroplasmose when Ligniéres in 1900 took up the study of the question and ad- vanced it. Having succeeded in cultivating the parasite 77 vitro, in the serum of diseased animals, he succeeded in reduc- ing sufficiently its virulency to transform it into a vaccine. It is the first example of culture and of attenuation of an endo- globular, hzematozoa, and for this Prof. Ligniéres received a prize from the Academy of Medicine in Paris. The explanation given by Lignié¢res of the immunity granted by a first attack of bovine malaria is very curious; it may be called ‘the theory of the /atenxt parasitism and of the successive tmmunities.” For Ligniéres, the Prroplasma does not act only in a me- chanical way, by its presence in the middle of the globules; it also secretes a toxic product, more or less analogous to micro- 306 G. NAROTEL. bian toxines, which has for effect to reduce the resistance of the heematies to the entrance of the parasites. But at the end the cells of the blood become accustomed to this product, in such a way that little by little, this resistance, for one instant reduced, reacts; an instant arrives where the hzematozoa can no longer grow, because they only find elements accustomed to the toxic product and remain in the condition of spores in the plasma of the blood; from this instant, immunity is created. Unfortunately, the toxines that are poured into the blood are eliminated little by little, and a day arrives when their quan- tity 1s too weak for the globules recently formed to get accus- tomed to them. ‘hose globules remain thus infectable and are invaded by the spores which have remained in a /atent state in the plasma. A relapse takes place, during which there is secre- tion of another dose of toxic product, which reinforces the globular accustomancy and renews the immunity. Thus the total refractory state is the result of successzve tm- munities, developing thanks to the datent parasitism of the piroplasmas. Another result of those recent researches has been to show that piroplasmas are not observed in cattle. They have also been found in dogs, first in Italy, to the Senegal, then in France, where Nocard and Almy have clearly proved that in several cases, heemoglobinuria and jaundice were of piroplasmic origin. They have also been seen with sheep in Italy and in Rou- mania, and it is probable that the cases of haemoglobinuria de- scribed by Leblanc and Savigni belong to that disease. Finally, they were observed in 1898 by Bordet and Danysz with horses in South Africa. It is also likely that the observations of equine paludism, such as those of Pierre and of Dupuy, correspond in reality to the piroplasmoses or perhaps also to the trypanosomoses. Indeed, the horse does not seem susceptible to human malaria. III. TRyPANOSOMES.—Grtiby described the first trypano- H#MATOZOA AND THEIR MODES OF TRANSMISSION. 307 some, in 1843. It was then a living protozoa, parasite of the plasma of the blood of frogs, and since that time similar animal- cules have been found in many vertebrates. But, notwithstand- ing their number, only little attention was paid to them, as none seemed to give rise to morbid troubles. It was only in 1880 that the idea of a trypanosome being pathogenic was enter- tained ; it came from the observation of Dr. Evans, who at that time showed that one of the most severe anzemias of equines in India (Surra) was a function of a trypanosome (Z77ypanosoma Evanst). Then, in succession, the same demonstration was made, in 1895, by Bruce with Nagana of South African bovines; in 1899, by Schneider and Buffard with dourine, and, finally, re- cently by Elmassian, with the ‘Mal de Caderas” in South American horses. Man seems to be entirely refractory to na- gana; yet, Dr. Dutton has observed at Bathurst (Gambia) try- panosomes in the blood of a European, suffering with remittent fever, puffy face, cedema of the eyelids and of the lower ex- tremities, while malaria could not be accused as the cause. Then there is actually four trypanosomes, known and acting in the various parts of the globe. The infusorias which produce them are very much like each other, and their analogies in aspect are such that it has been a question whether there were not but one parasite. Koch, Nocard and Rogers think that surra and nagana are identical. They are indeed two diseases which attack the same species (horses, donkeys, cattle, camels, goats, sheep, pigs and dogs) and which present about the same symptoms: remittent fever, cedema of the genital organs and of the extremities, pro- gressive anzemia, muscular debility, paresis of the hind quarters. The ‘“‘ Mal de Caderas”’ is probably surra. On the con- trary, dourine seems well a special affection ; it proceeds more slowly, with specific symptoms, and, besides, its trypanosome differs a little from that of nagana. Another proof of its spe- cificity has been furnished by Nocard. He has shown that dogs thoroughly immunized against dourine do not resist 308 G. NAROTEL, the inoculation of nagana; the agents of the two affections are certainly different species. At any rate, there exists deep differences in their mode of transmission ; surra and nagana are inoculated by dipterous insects; the fly tsetse (Glossina morsitans) for the first, the tropical horsefly (7adbanus tropicus) for the second. In Abyssinia, Brumpt has observed that trypanosomas were inoculated to camels by a fly resembling the Glosstna morsttans. Flies, therefore, after sucking the blood of diseased animals, inoculate sound animals with the pathogenous trypanosomas ; it is different with dourine, which is transmitted only by the act of coitus. A still more interesting point to notice in the history of the trypanosomas, relates to the researches made by Laveran and Mesnil on the trypanosoma of rats (7rypanosoma Lewist). They have demonstrated that patients recovered from a first infection are refractory to a second and enjoy immunity; the parasites which are injected in their peritoneum are, in less than an hour, surrounded and digested by leucocytes. They have also shown that the serum of those immunized animals possesses also a passive immunity whose mechanism is analogous to that of active immunity; both resulting from stimulation of the phagocytes and consequently being of a cel- . lular and not humoral order. Those researches are of the highest importance; as they per- mit us to foresee the possibility of vaccinating animals against trypanosomas ; on that account they are similar to those of Ligniéres with the piroplasmoses. IV. FILARIOSIS.—It is about twenty years since Mauson mentioned the mosquito as being the agent of transmission of one of the filaria of man (Fvlaria Bancrofti). ‘This worm, which when adult lives in the lymphatic vessels of the skin, stops the course of the lymph, thus giving rise to the formation of lymphatic varices, to the irritation of the vessels and the sur- rounding connective tissue, and at last to elephantiasis and chyluria. Embryos pass into the blood, but they are found in HEMATOZOA AND THEIR MODES OF TRANSMISSION. 309 the peripheral circulation only at night or rather during sleep, hence their name of Fzdarza nocturna. This fact brought Manson to think that the agent of trans- mission might be a sanguinolent insect, having nocturnal habits —perhaps it was mosquitoes. This supposition, which was proved true in 1878, has re- ceived lately a complete and brilliant confirmation by the works of Manson and Low, associated to those of Bancroft. They have shown that, if a mosquito pricks an individual affected with filariosis, the embryos sucked in with the blood pass into the stomach of the diptera, then through its walls to reach the mass of its thoracic muscles, where after two or three weeks they are transformed into larve. Those then travel to the head, collect in the pharyngeal cavity and one by one penetrate into the trunk of the mos- quito; itisin that way that by every one of his pricks the insect inoculates one larva, in the same way that he inoculates the plasmodium of malaria. But different from malaria, the forms susceptible of carrying the germs of filariosis are not only anophiles; they are the mosquitoes, and principally the vulgar one (culex pipiens-culex ciliarts). The case of filarioses of man is not unique. That of dog (Filaria tmmitis) is also transmitted in the same way, as was demonstrated in Italy by Grassi and Noé. Having dogs suffer- ing with filariose pricked by anopheles, the two naturalists have first seen the embryos transformed into larve in the body of the insect. Then in a room well closed, where a healthy dog was, immobilized and gagged, they left several hundreds of infected anophiles free in the room; five months later, this dog had in its peripheral circulation embryos of filaria. Here, also, the inoculation can be made with the cwdex as well as with the azopheles. Those facts are of the highest interest, as they open new horizons upon the mode of propagation of the other filarias, whether they live as parasites of man (/?/arza Magalhesi, Fil. 310 G. NAROTEL. Ozzardt, Fil. diurna, Fil. Demarquayt, Fil. perstans, etc.), or are gathered from animals. It is a long time since, for the first time, I heard pro- fessor Railliel express the supposition that the peritoneal filaria of horses (Fvlarza etguina), now probably transmitted by the pricks of insect-suckers. The same supposition can evidently be made for others, specially //arza labialo-fapillosa of cattle, Fil. hemorrhagica and Fil. reticulata of horses. It is certainly in that direction that researches must be made. Such are, rapidly considered, the principal discoveries relat- ing hematozoa. Until comparatively recently mosquitoes have been considered only as annoying and disagreeable insects ; now we find them pathogenous and carriers of several parasitic dis- eases of great severity. Besides, there is no doubt that they inoculate other infec- tions. It has already been demonstrated with yellow fever, carried to Cuba by the Culex fasciatus ; the same will probably be demonstrated soon for horse-sickness of South Africa and for lepra. If one thinks how numerous mosquitoes are he can ap- preciate the danger that threatens us and the necessity of de- stroying them. OLpEST HorsE IN AMERICA.—What is probably the oldest horse in America is owned by Major Robert Mass, of Louisville, Ky., who has papers proving its age to be over 47 years. He is named Ivanhoe, and is a large bay, with a blaze face, and up to a year ago of a very docile disposition ; of late, however, he has grown irritable, and almost vicious towards strangers; to his master and the children he is the same as ever. He bears on his right flank the scar of a gunshot wound received at the battle of Buena Vista, in the Mexican campaign, where he was ridden by the grandfather of the major. He was also used as a charger in the civil war, and three separate times when his rider was unhorsed found his way home to his pasture.— (Horse-Shoers Journal. ) ‘“T FIND THE REVIEW INDISPENSABLE. I look for it anx- iously monthly as my best professional friend.”—( 7:.S. Chadds, V. S., Saratoga Springs, N. Y.) MORPHOLOGY OF THE BLOOD OF THE HORSE. 311 A STUDY OF THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE BLOOD OF THE HORSE.* By SAMUEL HOWARD BuRNETT, A. B., M.S. In human medicine the examination of the blood has passed beyond the experimental stage and taken its place as a valuable aid to the practitioner. In certain few diseases, such as ma- laria, leukemia, and filariasis it gives full information for a diagnosis ; in very many affections, such as the anemias, pneu- monia, typhoid fever, diabetes, malignant tumors, and suppura- tive processes, it is of valuable assistance; and in many other cases the negative data revealed by a blood examination aids materially in distinguishing diseases otherwise closely resem- bling each other, such as Hodgkin’s disease and leukemia. In veterinary medicine but little if any use of blood exami- nation has been made except in the diseases caused by heema- tozoa, as Surra, Texas or Southern Cattle Fever, filariasis, and the like. It would seem that in the domesticated animals a blood examination would be of even greater value than it is in man, because of our dependence wholly upon objective symp- toms. Speaking of the value of blood examination Cabot + says, ‘‘ Like all methods of physical examination it has especial usefulness when we cannot communicate with a patient.” A search through veterinary literature shows that very little work has been reported concerning the morphology or the clin- ical value of the examination of the blood of the horse. That the need of a more thorough knowledge of the structure of the blood in both health and disease is a real one has been well shown in numerous obscure cases in the clinic and in certain investigations undertaken at this College. The objects of this investigation were to determine the struc- ture and the condition of the blood (1) of the healthy horse and (2) that of horses suffering from various disorders that were * Thesis presented to the faculty of the New York State Veterinary College for the degree of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine, 1902, + Cabot—Clinical Examination of the Blood. Third Edition, 1898. 312 SAMUEL HOWARD BURNETT. brought to the College clinic. As yet buta beginning has been made, although the results are of sufficient interest to offer in the hope that they may be of some assistance to those seeking ‘help from hzematology.* METHOD OF PROCURING BLOOD FOR EXAMINATION. If the blood is desired only for an examination in the fresh condition, or for making films, it may be obtained most readily by a puncture from the inside of the lower lip near the com- missure. When more blood is needed as when a count of red or white corpuscles or an estimate of hzemoglobin is to be made, a larger incision and consequently another site are necessary. For this purpose I have made the incision on the croup or on the middle of the side of the neck. The croup has the advantage of having a more nearly horizontal surface whereas the blood flows away more easily fromthe neck. However, I have select- ed the neck, as a rule, as the skin is thinner and seems to be more vascular. The preparation of the skin is simple. Where the lip is se- lected, all that is necessary is to wash the site with water and dry with a clean towel. Where the neck or croup is selected, the part should be disinfected. As the blood does not come in contact with the epidermis, but must be taken from the incis- ion, it has been found that it is not necessary to shave off the hair. ‘This is fortunate, as the shaving produces a slight blem- ish that is often objectionable to the owner. All that is needful is to wet and part the hair, wash the skin where exposed in the parting, and apply a disinfectant; (five per cent. carbolic acid.) * For the technic and methods of examination the reader is referred to the following standard works on hematology :— Ewing—Clinical Pathology of the Blood. tIgo1, Lea Brothers & Co,, Philadel- phia and New York. Full bibliographies of the various parts of the subject are given in this work. Cabot —Clinical Examination of the Blood. Third Edition. 1898. Wm. Wood & Co., New York. Coles —The Diseases ofthe Blood. 1898. J. & A. Churchill, London, DaCosta—Clinical Hematology. rgo1, P. Blakinston’s Son & Co., Philadelphia, MORPHOLOGY OF THE BLOOD OF THE HORSE. 313 If the instrument is sharp the animal will scarcely notice the puncture or incision. Where blood is taken from the lip, puncture is made with a blood lancet having a broad blade. I have used an automatic lancet with a blade about two milli- meters broad. A narrow one does not yield sufficient blood. On the neck or croup a spring fleam was used having a rather wide blade. ‘The depth of the incision, which should be well through the skin, is regulated by a set screw. An ordi- nary fleam will answer, and is to be preferred to a scalpel or lance. The wound from the fleam heals readily. After sufficient blood has been obtained, the edges of the wound are held to- gether for a few seconds until they adhere. On the following day it requires careful search to find the scar. During cold weather some trouble may be experienced in getting sufficient blood. Smith* has called attention to this fact. He said it was impossible to make satisfactory preparations with a temperature below 50° F. With a temperature some- what above 50° F. the peripheral vessels are generally con- tracted. JI have found it to be of advantage to stimulate the peripheral circulation by holding a hot cloth on the skin or by gentle friction of the part before making the incision. By warming the skin and by having pipette, slides and cover glasses warm I have made successful examinations with the tempera- ture at 47° F. Rapidity is essential to success as the blood soon changes in contact with the air and the flow of blood soon ceases. For examination in the fresh condition I used a plati- num wire with a loop large enough so that the contained drop spread without pressure under the entire cover glass. It was generally impossible to touch the center of the cover glass to the drop of blood except when the puncture was made on the lip. The red corpuscles were counted by Thoma’s apparatus, using Toisson’s diluting fluid, in every case counting the cor- puscles in at least one hundred squares on each of two slides. * Investigation into the Nature, Causation, and Prevention of Texas or Southern Cattle Fever. Bureau of Animal Industry, Bul. No. 1, 1893. 314 SAMUEL HOWARD BURNETT. In getting an estimate of the hemoglobin both Gower’s and Oliver’s hzeemoglobinometers were used. Oliver’s is more accu- rate and has the added advantage of requiring a smaller amount of blood. The specific gravity was obtained by adding a drop of blood to a mixture of chloroform and benzene of about the same dens- ity as blood, then adding either benzene or chloroform till the drop is of the same density as the drop of blood. This is indi- cated by the drop neither sinking nor rising in the mixture. Then the specific gravity of the mixture is taken by means of a urinometer in the same manner as for urine. The number of leucocytes was obtained by using the special pipette in the counting apparatus for leucocytes. The entire ruled space of two slides, eight hundred squares, was examined. There is an advantage in routine examinations in using a single pipette for both red and white corpuscles, as it requires less blood and shortens the time for collecting. In making differ- eritial counts of the leucocytes at least five hundred corpuscles were examined, but usually a larger number. Films were spread on slides in the manner recommended by Ewing. ** The edge of the slide was touched to the surface of the blood then it was applied to the surface of another slide at an angle of about 45° and drawn slowly with uniform pressure giving a thin film. This method is much preferable to that of spreading on cover glasses, and infinitely more so than the older method of Ehrlich, that of letting the blood spread between two covers and then drawing them apart. The dried films were fixed by heat, by ether and absolute alcohol, equal parts, or by Wright’s Method. + When heat was used the films were placed in an oven and kept for twenty minutes at a temperature of 120° C., then al- lowed to cool gradually. A more rapid means, but less uniform in its results, is to fix over a direct flame for about two minutes * Clinical Pathology of the Blood. Igo1, p. 47. + Wright—A Rapid Method for the Differential Staining of Blood Films and Malarial Parasites. Journal of Med. Research, Vol. Vil, No. 1. Jan, 1902, p. 138. MORPHOLOGY OF THE BLOOD OF THE HORSE. 315 (Ewing loc. cit. p. 48.) passing the slide or cover, film side up, through the flame. With ether and alcohol, the fixation is complete in half an hour. Several, about twelve, hours fixation is preferable if Ehrlich’s triacid stain is to be used. The reagent should be | kept in a glass stoppered bottle and even then needs to be re- newed rather frequently. Absorption of water is indicated by vacuolization of the red corpuscles. Wright’s * method is the most rapid and convenient as fixa- tion and staining are done simultaneously. The dried film is flooded with the stain for about one minute, then distilled water is added drop by drop until a metallic film appears on the sur- face and the liquid becomes semi-translucent. This is allowed to act two or three minutes then the slide is washed in distilled water until the red corpuscles have an orange or pink color. The excess of water is then absorbed with filter paper and the preparation allowed to dry in the air. It is then mounted in neutral Canada balsam. For clinical work Wright’s method is to be preferred on ac- count of its rapidity and its differential staining of the different elements of the corpuscles. Basophile, eosinophile, and neutro- phile granules are clearly differentiated and readily distin- guished. The method of staining is given above. Eosin and methylene blue give excellent results. With it all the normal leucocytes are readily distinguished. The films are stained a few seconds with a saturated alcoholic solution of Ehrlich’s blood eosin, rinsed in water, and then stained for about a minute with a saturated aqueous solution of methylene blue (Griibler), and again washed hurriedly in distilled water, * It is prepared as follows : (After Wright) A one percent. solution of Methylene blue (Griibler) is made in a one half percent. solution of sodium bicarbonate and steamed for a full hour, The solution is cooled and to it is added gradually with constant stirring a one-tenth percent. solution of eosin (Griibler, yellow, water soluble) until a yellowish metallic scum appears on the surface and a fine granular black precipitate appears. This takes about 500 c. c. of eosin solution to 100 c. c. of methylene blue solution, The precipitate is collected on a filter and allowed to dry thoroughly. A saturated solution is then made in pure methyl alcohol. 100 c. c. of the methyl alcohol will be sufficiently saturated by .3 gram of the precipitate in a few minutes. This saturated solution is then filtered and one-fourth of its volume of methyl alcohol is added to the filtrate, This is the fixing and staining fluid. 316 SAMUEL HOWARD BURNETT. the water remaining on the slide being absorbed by filter pa- per. The films are allowed to dry in the air and are then mounted in neutral Canada balsam. Ehrlich’s triacid stain* gives uniform results but is not sat- isfactory except for neutrophile granules. Heat is preferable to other methods of fixation for this stain. If ether and alcohol is used the time of fixation should be sev- eral hours, otherwise the red corpuscles will be so deeply stained of a purplish color that the leucocytes will not be so readily distinguished. MORPHOLOGY. Red Corpuscles (Erythrocytes).—In the fresh condition red corpuscles are of a yellowish color with a small nearly translu- cent area in the center, the delle. Many of the corpuscles that adhere to the glass appear to be uniform throughout, the clear central area being lost. The red corpuscles vary greatly in size. In fresh blood the average diameter of those measured was be- tween 5.8 and 5.97 the extreme being 3.87 and 7.87. Sussdorf + gives the normal size for the horse as 5.8. In films fixed by ether and alcohol, the red corpuscles are slightly smaller, the average diameter being 5.76, the extremes being 4.5 and 9.0u. With heat fixation the size is still smaller, being between 4.3 and 6.8, the average 5.55. Fixed by osmic acid or Flem- ming’s fluid the corpuscles had an average diameter of 4.8. Leucocytes.—Five varieties of leucocytes were observed in the circulating blood, namely—lymphocytes, large mononuclear, polynuclear, eosinophile, and mast cells. ‘The diameter of leu- cocytes depends upon the method of preparation. They are * Formula : Sats agqiisol-;Orangel Gertie era ita Ieee I aa 120 to 135 cc, EARP NTS | PENCTO SE UCHSIEC es are so, a 0c e «erate cenat tree ea 80 to 165 cc. coe coe oe Niet Vlec OTE Gia a .stevs,<. csa,se D: V.-S.,SHELBMaIA Read before the 14th Annual Meeting of the Iowa State Veterinary Medical Association, Feb. 11 and 12, 1902. My attention was first called to this disease in the winter of 1897 while at Kansas City, when Dr. Steddom with other in- spectors of the Bureau of Animal Industry were sent into Kan- sas to investigate a peculiar outbreak of disease among cows and heifers. On their return to Kansas City they reported a disease affecting the vulva of cows and heifers. From their re- port Dr. Sesco Stewart, of Kansas City, made a verbal report of the disease at a meeting of the Missouri Valley Veterinary Med- ical Association. ‘The next article was that by Dr. C. Miller, of Ottumwa, which appeared in the AMERICAN VETERINARY RE- VIEW for April, IgoI. My attention was next called to an outbreak in my brother- in-law’s herd near Harlan, Ia., in the winter of 1900. My brother, Dr. D. H. Miller, was called to treat that outbreak. Drs. J. I. Gibson, John J. Repp, and S. H. Johnston also visited the outbreak. The next outbreak occurred in my own practice about October 15th, 1901. In the herd there were 23 head of cows and heifers and 4 steers. On first examination I found only two or three calves affected. In about 3 or 4 days I was surprised to find all except one old cow affected, including the 4 steers. . The next outbreak occurring in my own practice was about Nov. 23, 1901. ‘There were on the farm about 35 head of cattle, including cows, heifers, steers and calves. About half of the number were found to be affected, but there were no steers af- fected in this herd. The next case was that of 26 head ina feed yard, 22 steers and 4 cows, of which 4 cows and 8 steers were affected. Some of the steers were affected very badly. On the same farm there were about 25 head of pure-bred shorthoru cattle and 50 grade stock cattle. None outside the feed yard have shown any signs of the disease. EXTERNAL ULCERATIVE ANO-VULVITIS. ont ~ The first noticeable symptom was serous exudate, rapidly forming into a brown scab, under which was very fcetid pus, with extensive inflammation. The affection usually occurred on the lower portion of the lips of the vulva in heifers and cows, and in steers around the anus or roots of the tail. The scabs which formed seemed to spread very rapidly, destroying more and more of the underlying tissue and forming a thicker and thicker scab. The scab if peeled off would expose a raw surface, which would bleed very readily. Inashort time a new scab would be formed. In the herds Nos. 1 and 3, I used for treatment a wash of a strong solution of mercury bichloride to cleanse the parts, after which I applied an ointment made up as follows: Iodoform, 20 grains Oil of eucalyptus, 40 minims Carbolic acid, AX) Petrolatum enough to make 2 ounces. ‘ This treatment effected a very speedy and permanent cure. The animals in herd No. 2 were never treated, but are slowly recovering. DISCUSSION. Dr. Repp described the gross and microscopic morbid an- atomy of the disease. He said he had made some research in connection with Dr. Miller’s outbreaks Nos. 1 and 2. Dr. Brimhall, in answer to a question, said he had not met with the disease in Minnesota. He asked if any one had made any observation as to whether or not the disease is contagious. Dr. S. T, Miller replied that he had witnessed a case in which a bull from a healthy herd had gained access to a herd in which the disease existed, served cows there, and soon after- ward served cows in the healthy herd, yet none of the healthy cows acquired the disease. Dr. LIAUTARD writes from Paris, June 16: ‘““Dr.Wm. Dough- erty has just been here for a week. I did my best to Paris- ianize him, but am afraid I failed. He is well, and has left for Aux-les-Bains, to be scraped, rubbed and rested.”’ 328 J. C. BURNESON. OHIO COMBATING TUBERCULOSIS. By J. C. BURNESON, VETERINARIAN OHIO AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION, WOOSTER, OHIO. Read before the Ohio State Veterinary Medical Association, Jan. 14th, 1902. In the preparation of this brief paper I have found much dif- ficulty in treating the subject as it deserves without infringing somewhat upon the original thoughts of others. The subject of tuberculosis has been so frequently discussed and written from every view point during the past few years that one can hardly say anything concerning it without almost quoting the words of some other. writer upon the subject. I do not wish to touch upon the pathology of this disease, as you will no doubt have ample opportunity to debate upon that part of the subject at the reading of the paper prepared by Dr. Kent, but will confine myself to a very brief report of the tuberculin testing of cattle throughout the State by the veterin- ary department of the Experiment Station and the attitude of the herd owners, the sanitary conditions found and some few closing thoughts on legislation. The testing of cattle has been entirely optional with the herd owners, and therefore the herds which have been inspected are those where application has been made by the owners. The majority of the herds inspected have been small, country herds, subject to a life of pure air, sunshine and exercise. Nearly their entire life has been spent in open air and it isa well-known fact that these herds are the healthiest to be found in any coun- try ; however, 14.69 per cent. of 1300 animals inspected have been found tuberculous in spite of the most healthy surroundings, while 3.06 per cent. of the remaining animals were found suspi- cious. More than half the herds inspected were found infected. My experience indicates that the nearer the city one approaches the higher the percentage of tuberculous animals found, and I have also learned that this territory of the dairyman, is very hard to invade under the present conditions for inspection. It is perhaps needless to state to this body of veterinarians that the OHIO COMBATING TUBERCULOSIS. 329 very individuals whose herds we most desire to inspect are the very ones who do not care to have anybody about who may even perchance detect anything wrong with the animals of their herds. I mean the large dairymen near our cities, and breeders. The majority of these men will never have their herds inspected until laws, either municipal or state, are enacted, compelling them to doso The conditions for inspection have certainly not been burdensome to the herd owner ;—no expense except the board of the veterinarian during the inspection and his transportation from and return to the nearest railway station ; no destruction, or even condemnation of cattle found tuberculous, advice given as to what course to pursue to eliminate the disease from the herd should it be found therein. Surely these are conditions liberal enough and light enough for any sturdy herd owner to bear should he care to learn the status of his herd. It is not lack of education upon this subject which causes hesitation, be- cause at nearly every dairy meeting, farmers’ institute, or agri- cultural meeting of any kind this theme has been most interest- ingly read and discussed ; besides almost every agricultural journal has published articles of much interest concerning this disease. ’Tis true, many articles have been published by certain papers derogatory to the tuberculin test, but they have been written by those who never tested a cow, or perhaps never saw one tested. "They have picked the dross from the gold and with it forged a sword, the wielding of which is only too apparent. This has been done for selfish motives alone, entirely regardless of the true conditions of the herds and the future outcome. These men, who should be the promoters of any movement towards bettering the physical conditions of the animal industry of their country, have but shown their hands as they really are. The dairymen seem to be willing to keep the dross (or a dis- eased herd) in preference to the pure gold (or a herd purified by the refining process of the tuberculin test). They hold the ar- guments of those writers up before them as a fortification. I think the true sentiments of a very great majority of the dairy- men and breeders were expressed by the very frank words of a 330 J. C. BURNESON. dairyman near Columbus when he said to me ‘what I don’t know don’t worry me.” The reasons of the great prevalence of the disease among these large herds are, ist: large numbers of cows are found crowded together, generally without adequate hygienic facili- ties, or if the necessary facilities are present, during the inclem- ent weather when the herd is kept in its quarters these facilities are closed in order to make the quarters comfortably warm, and thus facilitate the production of milk. There seems to bea mistaken idea prevalent among the herd owners that a window in a barn is only for the admission of a stream of light during cold weather. I have inspected herds which were confined in barns so tightly closed that one had to blink. his eyes upon entrance, owing to the foul air which rushed through the door- way. ‘Then again some dairy barns are so well lighted, venti- lated and cleaned, that it is certainly a great pleasure to meet with such a welcome contrast. We all know that if ventilation be neglected it will lead to a lessened vigor of the body tissues and eventually be a potent cause of injury and loss to the dairy- man. ‘There should be no preceptible difference between the freshness of the air inside and that outside, although no draught should be allowed to pass through the building. One thousand cubic feet per animal should be allowed with good ventilation. All stables, the measurements of which I have taken, have fall- en far short of this figure, with one exception; this contained 1537 cubic feet per animal, but the ventilating facilities were only fair; the remainder varied from 177 to 648.28 cubic feet of air space per animal. In this estimate I have, of course, de- ducted the space occupied by the animals which the quarters were arranged to accommodate. Exercise is another great necessity which is found wanting in these large dairies during the winter months. A walk to the water-trough nearby, sometimes inside the stable, while some herds even drink the water as they stand in the stall, hav- ing it continually before them, regulated by floating valves. The city dairy herd is also continually receiving new additions — OHIO COMBATING TUBERCULOSIS. al Oo wo from the market, which in many cases ate tuberculous animals shipped there for the purpose of disposal away from home to prevent any recourse. In my travels I frequently hear of scavengers waiting to learn the results of the test in order to take off the hands of the owner any cows which he might want to dispose of. These cows are generally shipped to market and thus pass to those who are always on the lookout for new cows. These serious complications must be considered before the ravages of tuberculosis can be reduced. It is these causes which are largely responsible for the present condition of things, and so long as they are in operation we can never make satisfactory progress. Of course, it may be many years before ideal condi- tions attended by their perfect results, are possible, so the im- provement of existing conditions should be pushed as rapidly as possible, taking the most seriously threatening problems in their order, and the result is obvious to all. Legislation, of course, is of paramount importance in the suppression of this disease. Other States have legislated, some good, some bad, and some indifferent. Ohio should profit by the experience of these States by carefully considering all ob- stacles which have arisen in their paths and avoiding them as much as possible. While some may consider this an easy matter, I believe it will be a Very puzzling problem to handle. “ Many people make many minds,” and what one may consider ‘an injustice another may consider perfectly just. The questions of the disposal of affected animals and com- pensation, or no compensation, I believe to be ¢he puzzling problems. ‘The question of property rights cannot be shaken off in the consideration of this problem. The State, we will learn, will in no way be inclined to place upon itself anything which may become a financial burden ; while on the other hand the herd owners will not feel disposed to be the sole losers for the welfare of the commonwealth, both as regards the possible transmissibility of the disease by the sale of their dairy products, or the restrictions which may be placed upon them in regard to the disposal of their affected animals, as in many cases the loss 332 J. C. BURNESON. to the herd owner would be the straight road to certain financial ruin, providing no compensation be allowed by the State. I do not wish it understood that I am in favor of indiscriminate slaugh- ter, but I have seen herds where a great number could be sepa- rated from the others by sight alone, without the trouble of giving them a careful clinical examination, and such animals you will doubtless all concede should be slaughtered without delay. ‘There are cases which the State should take in hand and dispose of and should indemnity be allowed, it should not be sufficient to encourage traffic in this direction. The State should not be a profitable market for scavengers. Another point which should be carefully guarded in case of legislative consideration is the possible substitution of some farce inspection for the detection of this disease. This is a point which should not be overlooked, as local boards of health have done this very thing and the inspection of their dairy herds is a complete burlesque from beginning to end. ‘The in- telligent administration of tuberculin as a diagnostic agent by competent veterinarians should be underscored, as the veterin- ary profession well knows ere this, ‘“‘there is many a slip twixt the cup and the lip” in regard to our legislative desires. The State should prohibit the importation of breeding and dairy ani- mals until they have been proven by the tuberculin test to be free from that disease. Dairy inspection should be compulsory and the proper authorities should at once perfect a system com- mensurate with the vast importance of the subject. Scavengers should be summarily dealt with, as it is certainly a crime for one to run a hotbed of tubercle bacilli, thereby being a great source of dissemination of so dangerous and destructive a disease as we have now to struggle against. It would be well for every city to emulate the ordinance in vogue in the city of Minneap- olis. I think this is the nearest to perfection for its purpose I have yet seen. It is simply a matter of license or no license, to sell milk within the city, therefore cannot be considered extra territorial. I would like to hear an animated discussion on the subject OHIO COMBATING TUBERCULOSIS. 333 of legislation by this body of representative veterinarians of the State. Ido not think there could be another body within our State more capable of discussing this problem. All conditions throughout the State are known by it and it should therefore be best fitted to discuss the needs for the suppression of this, our common enemy—Tuberculosis. INVESTIGATING TUBERCULOSIS.—The King of England evidently intends to find out as much about bovine and human tuberculosis as the science of the day can teach. He officially appointed a commission to inquire whether the disease in ani- mals and man is one and the same; whether animals and man can be reciprocally infected with it ; and under what conditions, if at all, the transmission of the disease from animals to man takes place, and what are the circumstances favorable or unfa- vorable under which transmission takes place. "The members of the commission are Sir Michael Foster, Professor of Physi- ology at Cambridge University and a Fellow of the Royal Society ; Dr. German Sims Woodhead, Professor of Pathology at Cambridge ; Dr. Sidney Cox, Professor of Pathology at London University and another Fellow of the Royal Society; Dr. John McFadyean, Principal and Professor of Comparative Pathology and Bacteriology at the Royal Veterinary College, London; and Dr. Rupert William Boyce, Professor of Pathology at University College, Liverpool. To these men the English people think the investigation of the subject may safely be en- trusted.—( Breeder's Gazette.) BOSTON is to have a work-horse parade, and an association, composed of some of the best-known citizens, has been formed, and the exhibition will take place in the early part of Septem- ber. The object of the association and its parade is to improve the condition and treatment of work horses by encouraging their owners and drivers to take pride in their appearance. In- cidentally, also, it is hoped that the public generally will be led to feel an interest in the work horses of the community, for the parade will be heid in some boulevard or cther accessible place, and will, in fact, be an open-air horse show, free to all specta- tors. Prizes will be offered for horses used by the city, packing companies, coal dealers, truckmen, contractors, medicine and beverage dealers, ice companies, brew ers, express companies, and special classes for horses used for hacks, herdics, delivery wagons, fire and police. 334 F. E. ANDERSON. PEMPHIGUS FOLIACEUS, OR, BULLUS EXFOLIATIVE DERMATITIS IN THE HORSE. By F. EK. ANDERSON, V. S., FINDLAY, OHIO. Read before the Ohio State Veterinary Medical Association, Jan. 14th, 1902. About January 20, 1901, my attention was called to a 16- year-old chestnut-sorrel gelding, owned by J. H. Boger, Post- imaster of Findlay, Ohio. A family horse in good condition up to the time of this affliction the day before. The causes of which there is nothing certain known, so far as I can find in my limited research of the subject, and further® that it isa disease extremely rare in our animals. The symptoms presented were that of acute vesicular erup- tion of the skin extending from the ears to the shoulders. The hair bedewed with moisture and the skin very tender to the touch. During the day his neck dried up. Next morning the neck was fairly dripping with a cold perspiration and the vesi- cles had become confluent, forming ovoid bull, varying in size from two to ten inches in circumference and three-quarters of an inch thick, covering the entire neck and extending down over the breast between the front legs, which were swollen down to the knees, also the inferior surface of the abdomen, back to and including the sheath. The third day the hind limbs began to swell at the body and within a week the legs were swollen down to the feet. The perspiring at night extended gradually from the neck to back of forelegs, then to the flank and, eventually, all over the body, followed soon with the bullz, until it was impossible to put your finger on a spot that was not affected, hot and ex- tremely sensitive to the touch. These bullz were filled with a transparent amber liquid ; in about twenty-four hours after they formed the liquid would escape and glue the hair together, form- ing a hard scab when dry, which would exfoliate in from one to two weeks, taking the epidermis and hair with them, leaving a shining red surface, which persisted for some days, when recov- ery would apparently take place, new hair come in at once, only PEMPHIGUS FOLIACEUS., 335 to be attacked as before, and by the time the desquamating pro- cess had followed the dermatosis all over the body, new bullz were forming where the first disappeared and each recurring at- tack would be ushered in by chills and fever, until this process had repeated itself three times over the whole body and down the legs to the hoofs; no part of the integument escaping, even to the inside of the ears and false nostrils. At times the only hair to be seen was in the mane, tail and the coarse hair at the fetlock, where the exfoliation was not so thick, but would soon come off through the hair in large paper-like scales. During the whole time he stood on his feet, and had a very fair appetite, except during the pyretic stages. From a fine looking, fat horse in January, he was reduced by the first of May toa mere skeleton with a denuded skin stretched over it. About May ist the disease commenced to subside and the bullz only appeared in spots along the back and neck, when the horse, was turned on pasture, and by July rst had ceased en- tirely, a nice smooth coat of hair covering the body, which was filling up with flesh, and began to look like a horse again. About August Ist the horse was brought in and put to work, which he stood, and thrived up to about the last of October, when he was taken with chills and fever, ushering in another attack of the old trouble, which proceeded as before, and the sample of his last exfoliation I have here, which was taken from him Jan. 7, 1902, almost one year since the start of the disease, during which time he has lost four coats of hair completely, along with the epidermis. There was no affection of the mucous membrane at any time, which is mentioned in some cases by Kafosi, who says it takes many months or years for the process to occupy the whole body in man, while in this case it did its work in about 4o days. Loiset, in Freidberger and Fréhner, describes an enzootic eruption appearing on the loins, croup and posterior members of the ox, characterized by ovoid bulle filled with a transparent liquid, followed later by scabs, and the skin became des- quamated, with rapid recovery. 336 F. E. ANDERSON. Seaman recognized a similar eruption on the ox, which was accompanied by chills and fever. Dieckerhoff observed a bullous dermatitis which was char- acterized by flat or slightly rounded vesicles, from the dimen- sions of a walnut to that of an inverted saucer, which were developed on the skin of the abdomen, head, neck, shoulders and thorax of five horses, with great itching, but he does not mention any exfoliation. The cases described in the ox much resemble pemphigus vulgaris of man, a disease which is quite different from pem- phigus foliaceus, which often causes death, as Kafosi estimates that ro per cent. of the cases do not recover permanently. The treatment I resorted to were many and varied, be- ginning with a purgative, followed by febrifuges and sedatives, until the fever subsided, then alteratives—hyposulphate soda, iron, quinine, arsenic; locally nitrate of mercury ointment, sol. alcohol and corrosive sublimate 1-5000, later I to 2000, with witch hazel (Epicarin 50 parts, alcohol 100 parts, and oil resini Io parts), applied after baths of warm water, containing I oz. to the gallon of Minor’s fluid, with German liquid soap, which did more good than anything I had done. As the weather got warm in the spring the improvement was notice- able, but slow, as it was a month after turning to pasture before _ the bullz stopped forming entirely, during which time I went to the pasture several times and bathed the remaining affected spots with sol. corrosive sublimate. | When the affection returned with frost and cold weather I was ready to send the patient to the fertilizer works, but the owner would not agree to that, so the first thing I did was to clip the hair and give a purgative, which apparently improved the condition for a few days by reducing the swelling, etc., which returned in about two days. Then, as an experiment, on Nov. II, 9.00 A. M., with a temperature of 103, pulse 70, I gave Ziv. creolin hypodermically, full strength, in the neck. Nov. 12, 9.00 A.M., temperature ror, pulse 48; applied % gal. Minor’s fluid, full strength, all over the body, rubbed well in PEMPHIGUS FOLIACEUS. 38V5 and left for one hour, then washed off thoroughly with warm soft water, and kept horse in warm room untildry. At 3.00 P. mM. ‘gave him Ziti. creolin hypodermically, on opposite side of neck. Nov. 13, 7.00 A. M., temperature 1051, pulse 84; gave 31. fluid extract digitalis and repeated the dose at 12.30 P. M. Nov. 14, 7:00 A. M., temperature IOI 2-5, pulse 52. “ TS « « c< TOIs2: 5, «¢ 48. Swelling all gone from body and limbs and horse laying down, for the first time in two weeks, but a slight loss of appe- tite ; passed a large quantity of dark urine, which continued for over a week, during which time the liver became congested with yellowness of the mucous membrane and complete loss of ap- petite and an elevation of the pulse to 100, without any eleva- tion of the temperature. During which time I gave him 3 ounces of artificial Carlsbad salts per day in 3 doses and % drachm fluid extract digitalis every other day. Nov. 24, temperature 101, pulse 48, water clearing up and yellowness of mucous membrane disappearing and a return of appetite with general improvement up to Dec. 6, when I sent him to the country with no bullous swellings of the skin, but a slight exfoliation of the epidermis in thin scales coming off through the hair. Did not see him again until Jan. 7th, when his entire coat of hair was loose from the body, just hanging on by an occasional hair, but much improved in flesh and general appearance and no sign as yet of vesicles forming ; whether they will or not is to be seen later. “ APOPLECTIFORM SEPTICA/MIA IN CHICKENS,” a prelimin- ary report on a highly fatal disease caused by a nonpyogenic streptococcus, by Victor A. Norgaard, V. S. (Copenhagen), chief of the Pathological Division, B. A. I., and John R. Mohler, as- sistant chief, same division, has recently been issued by the De- partment of Agriculture. The small brochure is interleaved with beautiful colored plates, illustrating the appearance of the organs of diseased animals and the microscopical slides showing the streptococci and the tissues invaded by them. ‘““ RMERGENCY REPORT ON SuURRA,” by D. E. Salmon and Ch. Wardell Stiles, has just been issued by the Bureau of Ani- mal Industry. Secure a copy, as it is intensely interesting. 338 REPORTS OF CASES. REPORTS OF CASES. ‘* Careful observation makes a skillful practitioner, but his skill dies with him. By re- cording his observations, he adds tothe knowledge of his profession, and assists by his facts in building wp the solid edifice of pathological science.” RUPTURE OF THE FLEXOR TENDONS AS A COMPLICATION OF AZO MUR TAGs By CHas! W.. Boyvp;, V. M:D., Pittsburg, Pa. Rupture of the flexor tendons is usually of traumatic origin, and when we meet with such cases the direct cause is in the majority of instances known. However, we occasionally hear of cases which were not of traumatic cause, but as a sequel of some diseases which runa long course. I wish to submit to youa report of a case of rupture of the flexor tendons of both anterior limbs which has a peculiar history, and you may use your own judgment as to what the primary cause in this case was. History.—A fine carriage horse, nine years, weight about 1000 pounds ; had been standing in the stable for about ten days without exercise of any kind; after he had been driven about five miles fell on the street and was unable to rise; he was im- mediately removed to a stable in ambulance. We again made an effort to get him up, but did not succeed. The animal was apparently in a helpless condition. J made a careful examina- tion and found all symptoms characteristic of azoturia, and I diagnosed it as such. I prescribed the ordinary form of treatment and left him in charge of two attendants ; when I called the following day, the animal was still down, but I was pleased to learn that he had been up twice during the night. With some assistance the ani- mal succeeded in getting up and was able to stand with a little support on either side. I then found there was something wrong with the position of anterior iimbs. They had a decided broken down appearance, with the ankles and heels resting on the ground, and toes turned up, exposing to view both soles. On examination of the tendons I found them to be ruptured about the lower third of the metacarpal bones. The rupture seemed to be complete in both, as a space between the torn ends of tendons was easily detected. I decided it was a hopeless case, so ordered the animal destroyed. * Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Pennsylvania State Veterinary Medical As- sociation, March 4 and 5, 1902. REPORTS OF CASES. 339 The attendants did not notice any such deviation of the legs while he was up through the night, so the rupture must have occurred at the time of the last effort in getting up. We know that azoturia causes degenerative lesions in the muscle fibres in the early part of the disease arid statistics show that we sometimes have rupture of muscles or even groups of muscles. Asa result of these degenerative changes and which occur in their struggles and their violent efforts to get upon their feet, and we sometimes meet with extension of the mus- cles and tendons in azoturia. Lippold has observed a case of extensive extension of the posterior limbs. The ergots were touching the ground and toes turned up, showing symptoms similar to the case I report. It is true that azoturia rarely involves the anterior limbs, but I sincerely believe that the case I report was one in which both anterior limbs were involved and that this disease was the primary cause of rupture, setting up degenerative lesions in the tendon fibres as well as the muscle fibres. I submit this to you, hoping that it will be of some interest. PHYTOLACCA POISON IN CATTLE. By G. R. WHITE, D. V.S., Nashville, Tenn. On May 20, the writer was called by telephone from Win- chester, a small town, the county seat of Franklin county, Tennessee, situated 85 miles south of Nashville, at the foot of the Cumberland mountain range. The person at the other end of the phone informed me that five of his best young cattle, out of a herd of thirteen, were affected with some peculiar malady, which in his, as well as his neighbors’ opin- ions, was a contagious disease of some character. I asked him to describe to me all noticeable symptoms, which he did as follows : “Without any apparent cause, my-cattle ceased eating four days ago, and are now ina bad fix. I have five sick ones out of a herd of thirteen. They were at first constipated, but are now passing much mucous, as well as blood, from the bowel. I also notice some shreds of intestine. They are lifeless, noses almost against the ground, ears flopped, eyes suriken, back arched, high fever, muzzle dry and hot, slight discharge from nose, almost constant straining in their endeavor to pass feces from the rectum. ‘They are very weak, and on this account 340 REPORTS OF CASES. stagger and stumble whenever they attempt to walk. Com- plete loss of appetite and cessation of rumination.” I informed him that it would be impossible to make a diag- nosis with any degree of certainty, unless he could arrange in some way for me to see the cattle, as well as the pasture upon which they had been grazing previous to the attack. He then ordered me to come at once and make an investigation. Upon my arrival I found the cattle suffering as he had described. I pronounced the disease heemorrhagic enteritis accom- panied by dysentery, and began at once to investigate the cause. I questioned the owner as to the character of food the cattle had been eating. He informed me that they had been running at grass for past few months, and to his personal knowl- edge had eaten nothing except what was obtained from the pas- ture, which was a 75-acre field with plenty of grass and clover of a good quality. We searched this pasture from end to end, but failed to find anything that in my opinion would produce the trouble with which his cattle were suffering. We gave up in despair the idea of locating the trouble, and were returning to the barn, when the owner, for some unexplainable reason, in- formed me that he had allowed the cattle to run for two days in a ‘winter oat patch,’ which had been cleared of timber the year before (‘new ground’’). We visited this “ patch” and found thousands of phytolacca plants (“poke-stalk”). Hun- dreds of these plants had been eaten off even with the ground by the cattle,so my diagnosis was hemorrhagic enteritis accom- panied by dysentery due to poison from eating phytolacca plants. A CASE OF TETANUS IN A HORSE TREATED WITH SERUM. By E. McGraw, V. S., 187 S. Hoyne Ave., Chicago, Ill. Jan. 12, 1902, 2.00 A. M.—First visit ; mare about nine years old, weight about 1100 pounds, health excellent prior to receiv- ing, a few days since, a punctured wound on the right hind leg, caused by a piece of dirty wood block. Animal very stiff, barely able to walk ina very stilty manner, tail elevated on a line with the back and rigid, jaws tightly set, muscles of jaws and neck rigidly drawn and standing out like ropes. Temperature 102° F. ‘The wound was immediately cleansed and dressed with creolin. I administered hypodermatically 30 cc. veterinary anti-tetanic serum (P., D. & Co.) Jan. 13, 9.00 A. M.—Temperature 101.5° F., muscles some- what relaxed, very much improved, eating gruel fairly well. Repeated same dose of serum. Again cleansed and dressed the REPORTS OF CASES, Dek wound with creolin. This same attention was given to the wound at each subsequent visit. Jan. 14, 9.00 A. M.—Temperature 100.8° F., eating mash fairly well, muscles relaxed. Injected serum in same dose. 4.30 Pp. M.—Temperature and conditions same as morning. Ad- ministered same dose of serum. Jan. 15, 9.00 A. M.—Temperature 100.2° F. Improving rapidly. Administered same dose of serum. 5.00 Pp. M.—Tem- perature 101.4° F. Gave same dose of serum. Jan. 16, 9. A. Mi—Temperature 102.2° F., not so well, more difficulty in eating. Gave 30 cc. serum. 5.00 Pp. Mi—T'emper- ature 100.8° F. Eats better, jaws again somewhat relaxed. Re- peated same dose of serum. Jan. 17, 9.00 A. M.—Temperature 100.2° F., very much bet- ter, eating oats and hay. Repeated serum in same dose. 5.00 p. M.—Temperature normal, greatly improved, eating well. No serum given. Jan. 18, A. M.—Temperature 100.4° F., quiet and eating well. Gave 30 cc. of serum. Jan. 19, 10.00 A. M.—Temperature 100.4° F., eating well, feels well, laid down and got up nicely for the first time since attack. Gave 30 cc. serum. Jan. 20, 10.00 A. M.—Temperature 104.1° F., much worse, nervous, eyes bad, muscles much more rigid. Found that wound had suppurated in another place and was in bad condi- tion. Cleansed wound thoroughly, administered 30 cc. of serum. 5.00 Pp. M.—Temperature Io1.4° F., quiet, eating gruel again. Gave 30 cc. serum. Jan. 21, 10.00 A. M.—Temperature 100.4°, very much bet- ter, standing on foot of injured limb, eating well. Gave same dose of serum. Jan. 22, 10.00 A. M.—Temperature normal, greatly improved, wound dry and clean, eating well and quiet. Gave 30 cc. of serum. Jan. 23, 10.00 A. M.—Temperature normal, continued im- provement, walks well, eats well, seems to feel well in every way. Gave 30 cc. serum. Jan. 24.—Temperature normal ; on being led in toalley tried to jump, run and play. From this date on recovery was con- tinuous and uneventful until Jan. 26th, when he was discharged cured and ready to work. I consider the recovery remarkable on account of the sever- ity of the attack, and I feel sure that had I continued the admin- 342 REPORTS OF CASES. istration of the serum twice a day, on Jan. 17th and subsequent days, instead of only once a day, recovery would have been much more rapid and the bad conditions prevailing on the 2oth and 21st would not have occurred. JI am very much pleased with the result of the treatment, especially when taking into consideration the fact that the animal was under most unfavor- able surroundings, in a damp and dirty stable, with fifteen other horses, and subjected to the annoyance of unusually loud and dis- turbing noises and movements. In spite of these unfavorable conditions the animal was well, and at work, in just two weeks from the time I was first called, and after receiving only sixteen bulbs, or 480 cc. of the serum. The result, in this case, seems to me so satisfactory that I am encouraged to employ the same treatment in every case of tetanus that I may have. RUPTURE OF THE CG{SOPHAGUS IN A COLT. By A. W. BAKER, V. S., Brasher Balls. hie Reminded by the report in May REviEW of Dr. T. S: Childs, of Saratoga Springs, upon a case of ruptured cesophagus, I am impelled to place a somewhat similar case on record. The subject was a two-year-old colt, owned by a farmer in the town of Dickinson. Upon responding to the call, I found the patient with neck badly swollen, a large three-cornered wound discharging pus freely. From the fcetid condition, I concluded that the wound had been inflicted at least two days previous. Upon examination of the fence surrounding the pas- ture, a sharp cedar stick was found covered with blood and hair. I dressed the wound on May 8th, putting in two stitches. Four days later the stitches gave away and he began to eat, but the food came out through the wound. I was called again on May 12th. The swelling had disappeared, and I found a hole large enough to insert two fingers, and the cesophagus ruptured. I passed a three-quarter-inch rubber tube into the mouth, and down the cesophagus to four inches below the rupture. I then made an incision down on to the cesophagus, running longitudi- nally four inches each side of the original wound. With the tube still in place, I next put eight sutures in the cesophagus with catgut. Finally sutured the muscles deeply, leaving skin wound open. ‘Two quarts of gruel were given as a drench, through the tube, then removed the latter. The patient was muzzled to prevent him from eating, and the owner instructed. REPORTS OF CASES. 343 to give, per rectum, six or eight ounces of oatmeal gruel every four hours for fourteen days. I saw him again the 26th. The wound looked healthy. Treatment had consisted of a neck bandage applied with creolin solution (teaspoonful to the pint). He was given carbolic acid in his drinking water, using a tea- spoonful to a pint of boiling water, and about six ounces of that - solution in three quarts of cold water, kept constantly within reach. My last visit was on May 31st. The wound was en- tirely healed and he was beginning to eat a little grass. I dis- charged the case as cured, and expect to castrate him as soon as practicable after his weakened condition. PERITONEAL ABSCESS.* By Dr. J, F. Rous, D. V.S., Monroe, Wis. The patient was a dark bay colt of the heavy draught breed, two years old, weighing about twelve hundred pounds if in good flesh. ‘The owner lived eighteen miles from town, and, like a good many other framers, did not want to go to the expense of a visit, but informed me that the colt was getting very thin in flesh and had been running down for the last two months. At the owner’s request I prepared a tonic powder for the colt. This was March Io. I heard nothing more from the case until May 5, when the owner called at the office and reported that the colt was becom- ing more and more emaciated every day ; yet the appetite was fairly good; the colt staggered when walking and appeared to be weak across the loins and the owner was inclined to think that he had a case of kidney trouble. ‘The information that I could get from the owner was not sufficient to enable me to diag- nose the case, and I so informed the owner, and he concluded to have me call and see the colt. On the following day I drove out to the farm, and, to my surprise, found the colt a mere endo-skeleton. Examining my patient carefully I was not able to discover any diagnostic symptoms; pulse normal, temperature 102. I came to the con- clusion that I had some constitutional trouble to contend with and decided to make a rectal examination, which gave me value received for my trouble. By manipulation I discovered what I thought to be two distinct tumors just anterior to the right an- terior iliac spine. By using my left hand in the rectum and * Presented to the Wisconsin Society of Veterinary Graduates, at Milwaukee, Sept, 10, Igol. 344 REPORTS OF CASES. he right externally was enabled to make out their form quite’ distinctly. They were heart shaped, one above the other; the superior one was about a third the larger, and the walls seemed to be very dense and hard. At this point I informed the owner where the trouble was and that the treatment would be an operation, and that, considering the condition of the colt, the chances of recovery were not very encouraging. Modus Operandi.—Not considering it necessary to cast the colt on account of its weak condition, I proceeded to operate standing. With the left hand in the rectum as a guide, I made an incision with a scalpel through the epidermis and passed a trocar into the abscess. On withdrawing the trocar there fol- lowed a thin, creamy fcetid pus, at least two quarts. Next I tapped the second abscess in the same manner, and found about one quart of the same kind of pus. I next made an incision from the lower point of tapping upwards about four inches long; this gave me ample room to explore the abscesses, which proved to be multilocular cavities. I then washed the cavities out with a 5 per cent. solution of carbolic acid and left instruc- tions to inject the tincture of iodine once daily. I had no report from the case until July 8th, when the owner called at my office to inform me that the colt was gain- ing in flesh and doing nicely with the exception of a small fis- tulous opening at the lower part of the incision. At the request of the owner I made a second visit, and, after making a rectal exploration, found the walls of the abscesses much diminished in size. I cast the colt and made a free incision from the fistu- lous opening downward and cleansed the parts thoroughly, leav- ing instructions as before, to inject the tincture of iodine once daily. The colt then made a very rapid recovery and without a blemish. DISEASED DES TICE A. W. Baker, V. S., Brasher Falls, N. Y., reports that on May 5 he removed from a large four-year-old colt a left testicle weighing three pounds thirteen ounces. When incised there was contained in the centre two ounces of creamy pus. The right testicle had atrophied to the size of a butternut. The operator has practiced castration since 1863, averaging about three hundred per year, and says that nothing of this kind has ever come under his observation before. He asks whether any one else has met with such a case. DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY. 345 DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY. By L. A. AND E. MERILLAT, Chicago Veterinary College, 2537-39 State Street, Chicago, Ill. SURGERY OF THE EYE, EAR AND UPPER AIR PASSAGES. (Continued.) CANTHOPLASTIC OPERATIONS.—Operations upon the can- thus of the eye of domestic animals are seldom used to improve their appearance, but are often indicated as a result of acci- dents. Dogs will injure their eyelids in the pursuit of game or in fights; cattle injure their eyelids in passing through thickets or thick underbrush during the summer months when flies are bad, and horses frequently lacerate them in runaways or during sickness when they become delirious. We will divide canthoplastic operations as follows: 1. Tarsorrhaphy or blepharorrhaphy. 2. Canthotomy or blepharotomy. 1. Zarsorrhaphy or Blepharorrhaphy is a procedure by which the transverse diameter of the palpebral aperture is reduced. To accomplish this, the borders of the eyelids at either the inner or outer canthus are sutured together. If the abnormal aperture is congenital the external canthus is gen- erally the one operated upon, but if the operation is indicated as a result of an accident either one may be involved. The operation is a very simple one, especially when per- formed upon the external canthus. The instruments needed for the procedure are, a small scapel ; a pair of small forceps ; and a few needles, armed with sterilized silk. Operation.—A small portion of the eyelid containing the eyelashes is removed from both eyelids, being careful not to re- move the orifices of the Meibomian glands. When the required amount of eyelashes are removed as mentioned above, the su- tures passed through the middle of the surgical wound result- ing from the removal of eyelashes of upper and lower eyelids ; the sutures should be so adjusted as to bring both surgical wounds in apposition. The eyelids must be immobilized by the applications of bandages and inflammation suppressed by cold applications. Internal Blepharorrhaphy is a remedy or rather a surgical interference that is sometimes used to improve the evil effects of a paralized obicularis muscle. By suturing the internal can- 346 DEPARTMENT OF SUKGERY. thus, the muscle is shortened and the tonicity increased, which improves the palpebral! fissure. Besides, the operation has been a successful procedure in the treatment of efzphora. ‘The oper- ation will not improve all cases, but those that are due to hyper- secretion without obstruction of lachrymal duct, can be con- sidered indication for the operation. The discharge of tears caused by obstruction of the duct leading from the eye is never benefited by this procedure. The operation is performed in the same manner as external blepharorrhaphy. 2. Canthotomy.—The preceding operations were intended to decrease the transverse diameter of the palpebral fissure, but as there are conditions which occasionally arise in the treatment of oculal diseases that require an enlargement of the fissure, we will also consider the operation indicated in this connection. The indication for such a procedure is either to relieve the eye- ball of excessive pressure resulting from abnormal conditions of the eyelids caused by disease, whether acute or chronic, or to enable the surgeon to remove retrobulbar tumors of an enlarged eyeball. We can consider canthotomy as follows: (a) Temporary Canthotomy. (b) Permanent Canthotomy. (a) Temporary Canthotomy.—When the enlargement of the space between the eyelids is only temporary the incision is made horizontally through the commissure and allowed to reunite with the surgical edges of the wound in apposition. ‘The in- cision may be made with a straight blunt-pointed pair of scis- sors. In some instances the wound may be sutured ; however, in all cases the surgeon must determine whether the wound should be sutured or not. The after-care will depend upon the conditions which were considered indications for the operation. The most important feature in the after-care is to prevent in- fection. (b) Permanent Canthotomy.—This operation is more tedi- ous than the previous one. ‘The object in permanent canthot- omy is to makea permanent enlargement of the fissure, and for this reason the edges of the wound must not be allowed to re- unite. ‘This is accomplished by lining the wound edges with conjunctiva. The instruments for the operation are: Pair of straight, blunt-pointed scissors, ene or two pairs of artery forceps and three needles armed with silk. Operation.—The first steps of this procedure are about the same as in the preceding one (temporary canthotomy). ‘The DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY. D347 eyelids must be placed in such a position as to make the com- missure stand out in the proper position (whzch will vary in different animals). The operator then passes the blunt-pointed scissors between the eyeball and the commissure as far as the incision is to be made and with one stroke the commissure is cut, making a horizontal incision. The hemorrhage must be arrested by pressure and tortion of arteries. It is sometimes very hard to control the hemorrhage, and as it is not advisable to use styptics that will destroy the tissues and retard primary union, we would recommend the use of warm or ice water for this purpose; extract of suprarenal capsules is a very good styptic. “ ote SI tt) ' y SRS x ’, — When the hemorrhage is arrested the wound is changed to a vertical diamond-shaped wound by traction (Fig. 61-a) ; the conjunctiva is then loosened from the subconjunctival tissue and three stitches applied (Fig. 60-a) which should be removed in three or four days. The after-care is the same as in any other canthoplastic operation. SURGICAL ITEMS. Rupture of the Stomach in the Horse Without Flatulence.— A bay carriage horse that had been idle for several months and fed on small rations was suddenly put to hard work and fed ac- cordingly. After eating a quantity of hay and six quarts of 348 DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY. oats, following a long drive, he was taken with colicky pains of a mild continuous type, which continued for twenty hours with- out abating. The pulse and temperature remained normal, while the respirations and countenance showed only a nominal amount of internal distress. At the end of twenty hours he suddenly showed symptoms of shock : rigors, profuse perspiration, cold- ness of the surface, accelerated respirations, and rapid, running down pulse. He died three hours later and a post-mortem re- vealed a rupture fourteen inches long at the greater curvature of the stomach, with the contents distributed through the peritoneal cavity.—(L.A4.JZ) Flabitual Luxation of the Patella.—Schumacher, of Milwau- kee, reports a case of habitual luxation of the patella that was cured by dividing the internal straight ligament, first on one leg and two weeks later on the other. The operation has been per- formed by an Italian veterinarian, but never to our knowledge has it ever been undertaken in this country.—(Z.A4.1) Doc FOUNTAINS to the number of seventy are to be placed in the principal streets of New York City during the summer months. A fund has been created by private subscriptions, aud the necessary municipal authority has been secured for carrying out the humane project. Mrs. Fiske, the actress, started the movement by contributing her check for $100. The bowls will be attached to fire hydrants, and will be about six inches deep. It is probable that the fund will increase until every street has its fountain. THE VALUE OF THE HorSE SHOW.—The Baltimore horse show, says the Baltimore Sz, was one which will never be forgotten. The excellence of the show did so much to educate horse owners that its results are bound to be lasting. The late show was the first and only one in Baltimore which has been self-sustaining. In those of previous years a deficit has been gracefully made good by public-spirited subscribers. Each year has witnessed an increase in the number of classes and a betterment of the quality of the horses, and the latest exhi- bition ranked with the best held in the United States. It was not equal to the New York show in some of the harness classes, but in some other classes it excelled New York. This is es- pecially true of the roadster classes. Mr. J. Alexander Preston, who has judged or has been present at all the big shows held in late years in this country, said he had never seen better roadster classes anywhere. EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 349 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. GERMAN REVIEW. By ADOLPH EICHHORN, D. V.S., Bureau of Animal Industry, Milwaukee, Wis. RECOVERIES FROM WOUNDs OF THE UTERUS [Dr. Voge/]. —Ferforation of the Ventral Wall of the Uterus, in a Cow, followed by Recovery.—After the extraction ofa calf, which had a crooked leg, it was found that this leg, in delivering the fcetus, pressed against the ventral wall of the uterus, perforating the same to such an extent that the whole hand could be passed through the opening. At that time nothing was done to the wound, and a grave prognosis was given to the owner, with the request to report on the following day in case the afterbirth should not be passed or the animal should develop alarming syinptoms. Shortly after, however, the former was easily passed, and the animal remained in perfect health. How easily often severe wounds of the uterus in cows heal, without any treat- ment can also be seen from the following cases: Zear of the Uterus, not Penetrating.—While the author made efforts to re- place a prolapsed uterus, through the carelessness of an attend- ant the organ was torn about 6 cm. in length, through the mu- cous membrane and the muscularis. The wound bled profusely. The tear with the surrounding part was ligated with a common string, the reposition completed and a supporting bandage ap- plied. Recovery took place without any after treatment. Large Fibroma of the Uterus, Operation, Recovery.—One night the author was called to see a cow, the report of the owner being that the animal, after a recent difficult birth, became af- fected with a prolapsed uterus, of the size of a man’s head, which he and the attendants were unable to replace. The ex- amination revealed, instead of a prolapse of the uterus, a hard tumor of the size of a man’s head, projecting from the vulva, which absolutely could not be replaced. As the author was not inclined to ride the long distance again on the following morn- ing, he decided, somewhat thoughtlessly, to perform the bloody operation, in spite of the fact that the only instrument he had on hand was a simple, small bistoury. A round incision was made on the mucous membrane covering the tumor, and then the growth was resected, right after which the prolapsed vagina returned to normal position. An exploration per vaginum now 350 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. revealed the fact that the tumor was situated on the inferior part of the uterus, directly before the internal orifice of the saine, and it is almost inconceivable how parturition of the well- developed foetus could have taken place, passing this immense obstruction. The weight of the growth was about eight pounds, and on section proved to be a very solid, tough fibroma. Dur- ing and after the operation there were such profuse hemorrhages that the well-nourished, strong cow was unable to stand up from weakness, and therefore the author before departure recom- mended slaughtering of the animal, if indicated. But soon the hzemorrhage ceased, and on the following day the animal could get up, after frequent administrations of good drinks, wine and bread, and recovered completely without any after treatment, so that she gave birth to several other healthy calves.—(Ber/. Thierarzt. Wochenschr.) A NEw TREATMENT FOR CarRcINOMA [Prof. F. Loeffler]. —lLoeffler in studying the history of malaria, found in older medical publications communications recording cases of carcino- mata, which healed spontaneously after an attack of malaria. He therefore proposes the treatment of carcinomas by a method of injecting the cancerous person with malarial blood, by which, as known, malaria can be produced artificially. This could be done without any hesitation, as, thanks to the investi- gations, especially those of Robert Koch, we are enabled to check an infection of malaria produced for therapeutical pur- poses with the aid of quinine as soon as alarming symptoms should make their appearance. Experimental treatment of carcinoma by injections of infectious organisms, as known, have been already repeatedly tried. Fehleisen, in cases of unoperat- able cancers, inoculated erysipel-cocci, and has obtained several good results; still these inoculations were dangerous, because there were no means by which the produced infection could be controlled. Further, the author calls attention to the fact that the principal territories of malaria are the tropical countries, and, as it appears, carcinoma in the tropics is of rare occurrence. Dr. Pagel, a friend to the author, who has practiced medicine fora number of years in North Borneo, could not recall a single case of carcinoma in the long time of his practice. Loeffler suggests the making of further observations in this direction, and particularly to determine by investigations, in what propor- tion does the frequency of cancers occur in malarial countries, in comparison to its frequency in districts not affected with malaria.—(Deutsch. Med. Wochenschr.) COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES. 351 CARBOL-SUBLIMATE SOLUTION.—Army Veterinarian Pantke found the following combination very beneficial in Pe ad discharging wounds and fistulee : Hydrarg. bichlor. corrosiv. acid carbolic, 30; aqua dist., 1000. The discharge soon ee GAMGEE’S TINCTURE. Se) eBh Knuppel applied this in the treatment of cartilagenous quittor and fistulous withers twice daily, whereupon, after four injections, the necrotic parts were washed out with warm baths. As known, the tincture consists of: Hydrarg. bichlor. corrosiv. 17, plumb. acetic, 34, spir., 136, acid muriat. 2. In cases of fistulous withers, the tracts were previous to its application freely opened.—(Ber/. Thier- arzt. Wochenschr.) ? COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES. NEW YORK-AMERICAN VETERINARY COLLEGE. The annual commencement exercises of this school were held in conjunction with the School of Law, the University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College, the Graduate School, the School of Pedagogy, the School of Commerce, Accounts and Finance (all departments of New York University), on Thurs- day evening, June 5, at the Metropolitan Opera House. ‘The exercises attending the closing of the University and the Uni- versity College and School of Applied Sciences had been pro- ceeding at University Heightssince May 31. The Opera House was packed, and it was estimated that a thousand were unable to obtain entrance. The following gentlemen passed satisfactory examinations be- fore the faculty, and all those who had received the requisite counts before the Regents received the diploma of the College ; the remainder will be granted parchments when their prelimi- nary counts are obtained: Oscar Barnett, Jr., Newark, N. J.; Louis Janeway Belloff, New Brunswick, N. J.; George A. Hazel, Brooklyn, N. Y. ; Robert Anderson McAuslin, Brooklyn, N. Y. ; Warren J. Palmer, NeW Work City "James Lee Shorey, -V- S:, Hoosick Falls, N. Y.; James L. Wells, Good Ground, 1g Ie and Roland T. King, Pinal ne Nive oDrsjoseph Ly: Serling, New York, who passed the faculty last year, and received the requisite counts since, was awarded his diploma. Robert A. McAuslin passed the best general examination and received the Faculty Gold Medal. Warren J. Palmer passed the second best Cocca examina- 352 COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES. tion and was awarded the Alumni Prize of Standard Veterinary Works. Dr. Palmer was also the recipient of the Practical Prize of a case of surgical instruments, for the best practical examination passed before a board of veterinarians appointed by the faculty. CHICAGO VETERINARY COLLEGE. The annual banquet given to the faculty and students by the trustees of the Chicago Veterinary College was held at the Sherman Hiouse, Chicago, March: 13, \1902..) (Prof.7Agesa Baker presided. Prof. L. A. Merillat acted as toastmaster, and the programme was very elaborate. Mr. W. F. Hoehner, senior student, responded to the toast of ‘The Future of the Profes- sion;’’ Mr. E. L. Lewis, junior student, responded to the toast ‘“‘ Phases of College Life,” and Mr. E. A. Rein, freshman, to the toast ** Veterinary Education from the Standpoint of a Fresh- man.’? Musical numbers were furnished by the class quartette, Messrs. Hisgen, Parks, Perkins and Axby, consisting of songs, piano selections, etc. Numerous toasts were responded to by the different members of the faculty. The 18th annual commencement exercises of the college were held at the College Auditorium on Friday afternoon, March 28. Numerous friends of the graduating class and the faculty were present. Prof. Joseph Hughes presided, and, ad- dressing the class, stated that the session concluded was one of the most successful in the history of the college, the number of matriculates being 164. He said that in the class of this year, besides the students who have taken the complete course at this school, there were graduates and advanced students from six other colleges, and this naturally giving rise to mote or less friendly competition proved a decided stimulus to the class as a whole in the pursuit of their studies. He congratulated them on their splendid attainments, whether judging them from their ordinary scholastic education or from the amount of technical veterinary knowledge which they possessed. Concluding, he expressed his admiration—an admiration shared by every mem- ber of the faculty—of the deportment and general conduct of the class during their attendance. On behalf of the trustees, he thanked the faculty for the highly efficient manner in which they conducted their various classes, directly contributing to the success of the session. He then announced the names of the gentlemen who successfully passed the final examinations as follows : COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES. 353 B. F. Barber, Glidden, Ia.; C. Baynes, Angers, France; J. W. Beckwith, Shullsburg, Wis. ; R. J. W. Briggs, Garner, Ia. ; W. W. Bronson, Wyoming, Ia. ; J. W. Bunker, New Providence, Ia.; L. C. Butterfield, Marseilles, Ill.; F. W. Brewer, Indianap- olis, Ind.; E. G. Cluts, Canton, Ill.; Chas. J. Dawdy, Green- ville, Ill.; H. Devitt, Chicago, Ill.; L. L. Diller, Marshalltown, Ia.; C. E. Dornheim, Providence, R. I.; F. Eckert, Reeseville, Wis.; J. E. Frank, Hastings, Neb.; G. E. Frye, Ft. Wayne, Ind.; W. C. Giller, Roodhouse, Il]l.; F. W. Godsall, Ottawa, Ill. ; F. A. Goodbody, Chicago, Ill.; John P. Graff, New Ulm, Minn.; H. H. Glenn, Verona, Il.; J. L. Halloran, Stapleton, N. Y.; J. H. Hanna, Burlington, Kas.; W. L. Hiatt, Erie, Kas.; N. W. Hillock, Columbus, O.; A. C. Howe, Des Moines, Ia.; W. F. Hoehner, Belleville, Ill. ; J. K. Jameson, Paris, Ky. ; H. C. Joss, Fairview, Kas.; G. A. Kay, Minden, Ia.; W. J. Kirk, Sharon, Pa.; Geo. W. Knorr, Louisville, Ky.; F. A. Laird, Springfield, Ill.; F. Lett, Jr., Paris Crossing, Ind.; W. He iuther, Boonville, Ind.; R. C. Leu, Highland, Tl; C.D. Maulfair, Magnolia, Ill.; R. Mazza, Petaluma, Cal.; A. F. Nel- son, Jamestown, Ind.; R. E. Nesbitt, Maroa, Ill.; C. L. Pass- more, Huntley, Ill.; P. J. Purcell, Bradford, Pa.; G. A. Rohde, Plime Mach: ; C. A. Richards, Victoria; B.C. ; ‘T. Schneekloth, Bepie Wis. ; Ff: K: Scott, “Terre Haute, Ill; C. O. Seabere, Crystal Balls; Mich.; C. H. Spangler, Lockport, Ill.; M. A. Stewart, Richmond, Ind.; S. P. Talbott, Ames, Ia.; C. D. Tut- tle, Canton, S. D.; F. H. Thompson, Woolley, Wash. ; G. S. Ther. ealestine,O..;°C..O..Van Winkle, Salem, Ia.;'C. A. Webber, Rochester, N. Y.; L. E. Warner, Aurora, III. Of this number the following gentlemen graduated with honors: B. F. Barber, F. W. Brewer, W. L. Hiatt, E. C. Joss, W.. J. Kirk, Geo. W. Knorr, W. H. Luther, A. F. Nelson, C. R. Richards, C. O. Van Winkle, L. E. Warner, C. H. Spangler, C. A. Webber. Dr. Edward C. Joss, obtained the gold medal for the highest general average; Dr. C. R. Richards, the gold medal for the highest standing in equine theory and practice; Dr. Geo. W. Knorr, the gold medal for the highest standing in anatomy ; Dr. C. O. Van Winkle received the gold medal for the highest standing in cattle pathology ; Dr. C. R. Richards also received the prize for the best examination in surgery; Dr. E. C. Joss, prizes for the best examinations in meat inspection and helmin- thology ; Dr. C. A. Webber, prize for the highest standing in pathology and bacteriology; Dr. W. H. Luther, the prize in 354 CORRESPONDENCE. materia medica; Dr. C. H. Spangler, the prize in lameness ; Dr. J. Frank, prize for highest average in physiology; Dr. T. A. Schneekloth, prize for the highest standing in hygiene; Dr. C. J. Dawdy, the prize for the highest average in chemistry. The degree of Doctor of Comparative Medicine (M. D. C.) was then confe:red on the class by Professor A. H. Baker and the diplomas distributed by Prof. E. L. Quitman. Following the distribution of diplomas came the awarding of medals and prizes, after which the valedictory was delivered by Dr. J. H. Hanna and was heartily applauded. Prof. A. H. Baker delivered the Doctorate, wishing the stu- dents god-speed and alluding to the fine prospects of the veteri- nary profession as evinced by the numberless requests from all parts of the country for veterinary surgeons, received during the past session, as well as by the large number of students that registered at the Chicago Veterinary College, and giving them advice and encouragement, and also impressing the fact on the graduating class to always consider every member of the faculty as their triend, and not to hesitate, whenever advice was neces- sary, to turn to their a/ma mater. CORRESPONDENCE. A PROPOSAL TO FORM AN ASSOCIATION OF EXAMINING BOARDS. MAQUOKETA, IOWA, June 20, Igo2. Editors American Ve eterimary Review : DEAR SIRS:—I write to inquire what has become of the Association of Veterinary Faculties and Examining Boards? Two years ago I attended the American Veterinary Medical Association at Detroit, hoping to have the pleasure of attending a session of the aforesaid organization advertised to hold a meet- ing at that time. While in Detroit several inquiries addressed to parties who ought to know concerning the above mentioned organization elicited no information whatever. No one seemed to know anything about it, and I took it for granted they cared less, and I came home with a feeling of disappointment, as I had hoped to obtain a great deal of information which would be of value to the Iowa State Board, who were struggling to perfect an organization at that time. I ask if it would not be proper for the members of the several State boards which now exist in the United States, to get together at Minneapolis at the CORRESPONDENCE. 355 coming meeting of the A. M. V. A. and organize a new associ- ation of examining boards. ‘There seems to be too much jeal- ousy existing between the various colleges for complete har- mony to exist in the Association of Veterinary Faculties and Examining Boards, hence the advisability of a new organiza- tion composed exclusively of examining boards. Should you think this subject of sufficient importance, I would be glad to have you make mention of it in the pages of the REVIEW. Yours very respectfully, W. A. HECK, Pres. Iowa State Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners. THE PRODUCTION OF IODISM IN THE OX. DeENIson, lowA, May 10, 1902. Editors American Veterinary Review ; DEAR Sirs :—In the April REVIEW, on page 39, a question is asked regarding the length of time required to produce iodism with the quantity given. In reply will say that iodism was produced in Tenth Laird twice—the first time it took eight days and the second time six days before noticeable ; both times he received one drachm (31) twice daily in his water and was fed on gtound oats and bran while under treatment. If I am giving too much at a dose or the dose too often I would be glad to know it. I figure this way : here in tiis country of lots of corn, which contains so much starch, it is necessary to give big doses to produce results. Yours truly, HAL. C. SIMPSON. { NoTe.—The statement of our esteemed correspondent is quite extraordinary to us, While we have never given the iodide to bulls, we have given it in very much larger quantities and for longer periods to cows and horses, without ever having seen iodism man- ifested. For the reduction of scirrhous cord, four-drachm doses twice daily were admin- istered to a trotting horse for a month, while cows which had suffered trom partu ient paresis were liberally dosed with it prior to a subsequent parturition. So that the note referred to by Dr. Simpson was called forth by the ease with which it had occurred in his experience, —EpIToR. | Dr. J. I. Gisson HONoRED.—At the annual meeting of the Iowa State Board of Health, May 14, the following preamble and resolutions was unanimously adopted: ‘‘ Whereas, the ser- vices of our associate, Dr. J. I. Gibson, late State Veterinarian, as a member of this board have ended by expiration of his term, and whereas, we the members of the State Board of Health rec- ognize in Dr. Gibson an able and conscientious member ; there- fore, resolved, that we express to Dr. Gibson our appreciation of the valuable services he has rendered the State while a mem- ber of this board.” 356 SOCIETY MEETINGS. SOCIETY MEETINGS. AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. Secretary Stewart notifies us that the programme for the Minneapolis meeting is nearing completion, and the following papers have been promised, with several more under consider- ation : ‘“The Veterinary Profession, Past, Present and Future,” by Prof. D. McEachran, Montreal, Quebec. “External Ulcerative Ano-Vulvitis of Cattle,” by Dr. J. J. Repp, Ames, Iowa. ‘So-called Contagious Ophthalmia of Cattle,” by Dr. T. D. Hinebauch, Fargo, North Dakota. = Hospital Management of Dogs,” by Dr. Chas. E. Ellis, St Louis, Mo. “‘Serunis and Serumtherapy,” by Dr. E. A. A. Grange, New York City. “The Relationship of Veterinary Science to the Medical Profession,” by Dr. D. King Smith, Toronto, Ontario. ‘‘ Barrenness in Bovines,” by Dr. Chas. Schmitt, Dodgeville, Wis. ‘“ Poisonous Stock Foods,” by Dr. N. S. Mayo, Mazhattan, Kan. ‘¢ Malarial Fever in the Horse,” by Dr. F. Torrance, Winne- peg, Manitoba. ‘‘ Some Features of the Texas Fever Problem,” by Dr. W. C. Rayen, Nashville, Tenn. Titles of papers by the following members have not been ascertained ; Drs. Leonard Pearson, Philadelphia, Pa.5a20m Brimshall, St. Paul, Minn. ; J. S. Anderson, Seward, Neb. 1 WWE L.. Williams, Ithaca, N. Y.; M. E. Knowles, Helena, Mont. ; C. A. Carey, Auburn, Ala.; M. Jacob, Knoxville, Tenn. ; Cc. H. Howard, Calumet, Mich. ; W. Horace Hoskins, Philadel phia, Pas and R. P. Lyman, Mardond Conn. The West Hotel has been selected as headquarters, and the meetings of the association will be held in the assembly hall of the hotel. The local committee have secured rates from a number of hotels and private boarding houses near to the head- quarters, and a list of these with addresses will be sent to all the members that they may arrange for quarters prior to the meeting. The fact that the Minnesota State Fair will be in SOCIETY MEETINGS. 357 progress at that time will make it necessary to engage apart- ments before arrival in order to make sure of them. The railroads have granted a 1% fare transportation on the certificate plan. Those living within the concessions of the State Fair may secure a better rate. The local committee of arrangements are planning many special features for the entertainment of all who come, and more especially the ladies. The numerous beautiful lakes and pleasure resorts in close proximity to the twin cities of the north offer many attractions, and particularly among these is Lake Minatonka, upon the shores of which it is proposed to hold the banquet, in which it is hoped that the ladies will have a part. The new building for the veterinary department of the State University has been completed, and in this building there is a clinic room with an amphitheatre, and arrangements are about completed for a series of demonstrations of surgical pro- cedures at the clinic to be held after the close of the meeting, full details of which will be given in the August REVIEW. The Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway will probably carry most of the veterinarians from Chicago to Minneapolis. In the June REVIEW Dr. A. H. Baker announced that he and Dr. Hughes were perfecting arrangements with the manage- ment of this splendid road to furnish special sleepers, and, should the number be sufficiently large, a special train, from Chicago on the night before the convention. Most of those at- tending will pass through Chicago, and it would make the jour- ney very pleasant if a large party were to be made up there. This road has been actively seeking the patronage of the mem- bers, and they guarantee the best accommodations and courteous treatment. See the announcement in the advertising depart- ment. PENNSYLVANIA STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. In the June REVIEW the full minutes, President’s address and much other important matter which transpired at the annual meeting in March was published. This is here supplemented by the full reports of the most important committees, and will be completed in the August number. REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE AND EDUCATION. By JacoB HELMER, D. V. S., Chairman Com., Scranton, Pa. A few years ago in this country, instruction in the scientific 358 SOCIETY MEETINGS. practice of veterinary medicine was a nexception in the litera- ture to which the English reading and speaking veterinarian had access. ~ Only a few valuable English works were on the market. Yesterday a professional library in the office of a vet- erinarian was a curiosity ; to-day the practitioner who does not possess one is liable to the charge of being non-progressive. Without a library for reading and reference it is impossible to keep abreast with the educational advancement around us. The fact that new books continue to appear, shows that there must be an increasing demand, and the more we become a professional body of readers, the more and better literature will be placed at our disposal to read. Among the more recent additions we find: Outlines of Clinical Diagnostics of the Internal Diseases of Domestic Animals, by Prof. Dr. Bernard Malkmus, of Hanover, Germany, translated by Drs. White and Fisher; Diseases of Poultry, by Dr. D. E. Salmon, Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry ; The Sheep, by Dr. Wm. A. Rushworth; Anatomy of the Cat, an introduction to mammalian anatomy, by Professors J. Reighart and H. S. Jennings, of the University of Michigan ; The Diseases of the Cat, by J. Woodroffe Hill; Shields’ The American Book of the Dog, edited by G. O. Shields, Coquina Editor of Recreation; Veterinary Materia Medica and Thera- peutics, by Kenelm Winslow, of Harvard University ; Compen- dium of Bacteriology and Blood Serum Therapy, by Prof. Paul Jess, Charlottenberg, Germany, translated by Prof. Paul Fisher, of the Veterinary Department, Ohio State University; Text Book of Opthamology for Veterinarians, by Prof. Moeller, of Berlin, translated by Prof. Paul Fisher ; Lameness in Horses by Prof. Jos. Hughes, of the Chicago Veterinary College ; Bovine Obstetrics, by M. G. Debruin, Instructor of Obstetrics at the State Veterinary School, Utrecht, translated by Dr. W. E. A. Wyman; Synopsis of Prof. Quitman’s lectures on Veterinary Materia Medica in Chicago Veterinary College; Synopsis of Prof. Baker’s Lectures on Theory and Practice of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, in Chicago Veterinary College ; Clinical Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, by Prof. P. J. Cadiot, Alfort Veterinary School, France, translated by John A. W. Dollar ; Manual of Veterinary Microbiology, translated and edited by Dr. R. R. Dinwiddie, of the Arkansas State University, Agri- cultural College and Experiment Station; Guide to Practical Meat Inspection, by Dr. F. Fishchoeder, Germany, translated by Dr. A. T. Peters, Investigator of Animal Diseases, United SOCIETY MEETINGS. 359 States Experiment Station, University of Nebraska; Methods of the Examination of Milk, compiled by Dr. Paul Sommerfield, of Berlin, translated by Dr. A. T. Peters and R. S. Hiltner, A. M., of the University of Nebraska. A few of the older stand- ard works on milk inspection are: Analysis of Milk and Milk Products, Lefiman & Beam, pub- _ lished by Blakiston, Son & Co., 1012 Walnut St., Phila., Pa. ; Outlines of Dairy Bacteriology, by H. L. Russel, sold by the au- thor, address Madison, Wisconsin ; The Chemistry of Dairying, by Harry Snyder, Chemical Publishing Co., Easton, Pa.; Test- ing Milk and its Products, by Farrington & Wall, Mandota Book Co., Madison, Wisconsin; A valuable pamphlet entitled The Newer Remedies, by Koblentz, published in New York ; Special Surgery of the Upper Air Passages of the Horse, by Prof. A. L. Merillat, of the McKillip Veterinary College, Chicago; A new work on Veterinary Medicine, in four volumes, by Prof. Jas. Law, Veterinary Dep’t, Cornell University. The valuable catalogues of standard veterinary publications sent free by Wm. R. Jenkins, 851 and 853 Sixth Ave., New York, and the Eger Supply House, 34 East Van Buren St., Chi- cago, Il]., should be in the hands of every veterinarian in the United States. But whether a practitioner considers he can or cannot afford all the standard works, he should at least avail himself of the veterinary journals published here. A foreign journal would also be good, as well as a professional periodical on human med- icine and surgery. We should not forget that our American veterinary journals are what we, as a profession, make them. No editor alone can keep a magazine afloat, besides its intrinsic value will always largely depend upon the cooperation of the profession with its brains and patronage. In July, 1901, both the scientific and lay world were sur- prised and shocked by Dr. Koch’s announcement at the British Tuberculosis Congress, in substance, that the human family is practically immune to bovine tuberculosis. Should Dr. Koch’s conclusions prove true, said fact will not obviate the necessity of inspection of animals and their products, and the control work now so rapidly developing in this country. An owner will al- ways desire to weed from his herd any insiduous and fatal mal- ady and avoid its re-introduction. Consumers of meat and milk will want only pure and wholesome products. In Germany, where it is the national custom to boil the milk and thoroughly 360 SOCIETY MEETINGS. cook the meat, there is no apprehension of disease or uncleanli- ness. But this prevailing custom there did not prevent tuber- culosis from ravaging the herds of Germany, until that govern- ment was compelled to inaugurate sanitary measures for the control of the spread of the disease. Because his name isso intimately associated with our knowl- edge of the subject of tuberculosis, Dr. Koch was the one to raise the question of that most desirable condition ‘ Immunity of the Human Family to the Bovine Diseases.”? That there is a reasonable chance for such a question, there can be no doubt, and inasking it Dr. Koch was honest. It is fortunate, however, that the idea was introduced at the Tuberculosis Congress, be- cause that body challenged Dr. Koch’s self-assured position, thus lessening the disintegrating influence upon sanitary work of his practically unsupported conclusions. It is a credit to the State of Pennsylvania, and a fabs of which we should be proud, that our State Live Stock Sanitary Board, with its laboratory for original research, had anticipated the experimental work of Dr. Koch by several years, which re- sults are diametrically. opposed to those propounded by Dr. Koch. (See Ravenal’s report to the Tuberculosis Congress.) Still more recently Dr. Ravenal, speaking of the subject, said as follows: ‘‘ We have, in the laboratory, had evidence absolutely confirmatory of our former position. We have just published the fourth case of Infection of Man by Bovine Bacillus. On the other hand, we have obtained a culture of the tubercle bacillus from the mysenteric gland of achild, which is extremely viru- lent for cattle ; proving either that the human bacillus has, at times, a virulence for cattle equal to the bovine, or else that the child in question was infected in the first case by the bovine or- ganism. We have had four calves die from inoculation with the human bacillus, and now have a grown animal at the point of death.” During 1900 Drs. Brimhall and Wilson, of the Minnesota State Board of Health, issued a complete and interesting report on a highly contagious and infectious disease of cattle, which it had been their privilege to investigate during the summer. According to the report, ecchymotic spots and hemorrhagic areas were found in nearly all the organs and tissues of the body. Lesions were practically limited to hzemorrhagic phe- nomena. Bacteriological investigation of morbid material re- sulted in the isolation of the bacillus identified as belonging to the hemorrhagic septiczemia group, of which chicken cholera, SOCIETY MEETINGS. 361 rabbit septicaemia and swine plague, are members. An infec- tious disease among wild animals and oxen in Germany has been described and identified as also belonging to the same group. It appears that Dr. Brimhall and Dr. Wilson were the first in this country to isolate a pathogenic organism from a disease in cattle, which organism resembles, and was classified with those producing the hzemorrhagic septiczemia group of disease described by German writers. During the last few years there has appeared in Pennsy]l- vania, chiefly in Carbon and Wayne Counties, a disease anala- gous to that described by Drs. Brimhall and Wilson, of Minne- sota. Descriptions of the symptoms, progress and termination of the disease, as well as the post-mortem findings, are practically the same in the two places. Thus far the bacteriological work on the disease in this State has been futile, as far as the dis- covery of the bacillus of Loeffler and Schutz, or any other pathogenic organism is concerned. Further, all attempts at di- rect experimental inoculation from one member of the bovine family to another have failed. The disease appears to be neither contagious nor infectious. It ceases to spread in a few days after the herd has been placed in a field other than that in which the malady originally appeared. Hence it appears to be caused and spread by contaminated food only. ‘The problem has not yet been solved in Pennsylvania. We are pleased to note the claim made by Copeman, of Eng- land, that he has isolated the germ of dog distemper, and has succeeded in producing a vaccine virus which will give immun- ity to dogs. Prior investigators have made similar claims, and highly vaunted vaccines have been placed upon the market, but as yet we are without the real thing, therefore, let us hope that Copeman has furnished us with an effective means of preven- tion of the dreadful scourge known as dog distemper. The other most important advances in the bacteriological field dur- ing the last year have been in the study of the specific reactions of the blood of different animals. Behring, in Germany, has announced his ability to immunize cattle against tuberculosis. Leclainche, in France, has received a prize from the Academy for the production of a curative and immunizing serum against hog cholera. (Most probably our swine plague). 30,000 animals have been treated with results ahead of those obtained by diph- theritic serum in human beings. 362 SOCIETY MEETINGS. The recently issued bulletin, No. 79, on rabies, by Dr. Rave- nal, isa most valuable contribution to our literature on this disease. ‘The bulletin excels in that it describes and illustrates the method of diagnosing rabies by means of a microscopic ex- amination of the cervical] glands. By this method a diagnosis can be made in from six to thirty-six hours. The idea originated in Eurepe, but our State Live Stock Sanitary Board was the first to develop and intro- duce it in this country. When we reflect that the old method, by inoculation, required several days, and the diagnosis was not more certain, the importance and advantage of the one-day method must be appreciated. Much research and experimental work has been continued in the laboratory of the State Live Stock Sanitary Board during the past year. The work is of exceeding economic value to the State. It deals with the contagious and infectious diseases of our domestic animals, furnishes sure means of diagnosis, upon which depends rational treatment and prospective eradication of disease. Its work fosters health and protects the lives of the people. Its problems require exact solution, and each result is a stepping stone in the growth and progress of the profession. Recent experiments have been conducted there to demonstrate the varying susceptibility of animals to inoculation tuberculosis, and establish the identity of the disease in human and bovine subjects. Again, by what means the disease is extended in stalled herds, and the conditions most favorable to rapid expan- sion. The value of sanitation to cure the malady in the in- cipient stage, and to retard its progress in the more advanced stages. The influence of unsanitary conditions and surround- ings upon the spread of the malady in the herd and upon the progress of the disease in victims under unfavorable conditions. The comparative value of curative measures. The development of points in diagnosis and how the tubercle bacillus may enter the milk. Practical sanitary measures for the repression of tuberculosis on a large scale as in this State, not only tubercu- losis, but anthrax, black leg and other contagious and infectious maladies, against which it aims to fortify farmers free of charge. It has devised a practical method for the treatment and eradica- tion of contagious abortion in herds. Tested the value of vari- ous disinfectants used in destroying the morbid products and virus of disease. It has demonstrated that the cattle in this country may and do suffer from a lung trouble resembling pleuro-pneumonia, but caused by a fungus growth in the lungs, SOCIETY MEETINGS. 363 the aspergillus fumigatus. It is now at work upon a hitherto unrecognized and fatal malady among cattle in this State resembling anthrax, but which disease does not appear to be contagious. The work of the laboratory is increasing each year in the number of problems presented, the demands of the farmers and the morbid material sent by veterinarians and others for examination and diagnosis. When we reflect upon these things, we know that the vet- erinary profession in this State would practically be at sea without such a laboratory.’ It would be groping in the dark- ness on scientific problems for want of a search-light, which also prevents retrogression. The laboratory is a school to each intelligent and progressive veterinarian. It means a place for him to send specimens, report the cases of difficult diagnosis and receive instructions free of charge. It is open daily for his use. But in addition to the work of the character mentioned, the laboratory is self-sustaining. It has manufactured for use in the State more than enough tuberculin, vaccines and mallein to de- fray the cost of its maintenance. Its products, for free dis- tribution, if purchased in the market, would cost the State more than annually the whole expense of, the laboratory and the research work done-there. The laboratory is supported by a special appropriation from the State. Originally the amount was $12,000 for two years; in 1900 the appropriation was cut to $8000 for two years; last year we asked for $6000 a year and were granted $5000. Now, suppose that the State grants us $5000 a year for the support of the laboratory, and the latter furnishes products to the amount of more than $5000, what has the laboratory cost the State? Again, consider the value of the original discoveries made, and the knowledge imparted. But the original object of the State in creating the laboratory was to protect her extensive live stock interests, which are estimated to suffer six million dollars annually from preventable causes. In the light of this comparison, what does not the State owe the laboratory? Instead of $5000 it would pay the State of Pennsylvania to appropriate for this laboratory $50,000 for its use and expansion, to meet the ever growing need of such work. We feel sure that were this subject properly presented, and if the majority of our legislators could be brought to understand the matter thoroughly, ample funds would be provided. As it is, we do not complain, but it would seem necessary that more money be forthcoming in the future in order to meet the ever- a 364 SOCIETY MEETINGS. increasing demand upon the laboratory for scientific work. If each veterinarian would educationally influence his legislative members, and induce friends to do so, we could have for our laboratory all we need and want. Just in proportion to the degree of unity and harmony in our ranks will our efforts be characterized by strength and rewarded with success. The question of what effect mechanical inventions, tending to displace the horse, will have upon the future of the veter- inary professsion, is one which has caused deep interest and concern everywhere, but especially to the practicing veter- inarian. Common sense teaches us that the effort to do the world’s work with machinery is not spasmodic nor unreason- able. The automobile in its present crude and_ unsatis- factory form is yet perfect enough to guarantee its permanency. Instead of the so-called fad disappearing, it will continue to in- crease, and each season will bring forth better machines for less money, and more of them. No one will deny the fact that the vast majority, if ao all veterinary students, enter the profession because they tnink there is money in it, because the profession is not crowded, and that it will afford them a better livelihood than anything else at hand. If, later in life, a few find that they were adapted to the requirements of the profession, it comes to them as a sur- prise. As in all professions, the young veterinarian longs for a city practice, which, in many instances, proves an alluring pitfall. Undoubtedly the cities afford more lucrative practices, because cities contain many horses in a small area, because there is something to do; besides there is money with which people are willing to part in order to have their animals properly cared for. To veterinarians outside of cities the automobile question has little interest. There will be always as much veterinary work to be done in the country as now. ‘The question will not » effect men who fit themselves for state and government employ and receive a salary. The city veterinarian is the only one who will be injured by the successful advent of the automobile for semi and heavy draft purposes. There can be no longer any question about the application of sufficient power to road vehicles for all purposes. The machines develop sufficient power to climb the highest mountains ; then, again, the power cost is merely nominal, a few cents a day. In successful business it is necessary to reduce expenses. If a ma- chine can be utilized that is cheaper than a horse, the latter will SOCIETY MEETINGS. 365 disappear. Machinery has in the past displaced many kinds of hand work and thrown thousands out of employment. Labor- saving machinery has been a potent agent in the production of hard times. There is no more sentiment about the use of horses than about the use of man. The moment the horse cannot compete © with the machine, out he goes. These are facts for the young veterinarian, now on the first round of his professional ladder, to contemplate. If, to-day, you should step into France, the birthplace and home of the automobile, you would find their manufacture a booming industry. Exhibition upon exhibition is the thing of the day, and, without doubt, the demand will increase. Thus far the application has been limited practically to small and fancy vehicles for pleasure. Light draft vehicles have not been produced in anything like the same proportion, and but few heavy draft machines are seen. Hence we see that the automo- bile is very popular in France. Its application to semi and heavy draft purposes there is only a question of time. But in his struggle for survival against the automobile, the horse has a few factors in his favor. The machine, in its pres- ent form, must have smooth and dry roads, macadamized roads or their.equivalent, the year round. Most machines are so con- structed that during cold weather heat is rapidly abstracted from the exposed generators. Hence the machine suffers or burns from the increased amount of combustion necessary to supply sufficient power. The automobile, in its present form, is better adapted to a warm than a cold section, to a dry than a wet locality, toa level than a hilly country. The question of its utility at the present time is one of locality. The horse is adapted to the world ; and but few conditions are fatal to him. The great problem: with the inventor is not how to make a machine go, but how to protect it from the disintegrating influ- ences contingent upon bringing it into use to meet all the re- quirements under unfavorable conditions at the least possible cost. If automobiles could be run on rails, the inventor’s dream would be speedily realized. But, is not this realization far off? One by one we see the large automobile concerns, for heavy draft machines in our large cities, going to the wall. On the other hand, the wagon and carriage business is prosper- ous, and while wagon materials of all kinds are much higher than a few years ago, nearly all manufacturers report a greatly increased trade. The automobile has not thus far displaced the 366 SOCIETY MEETINGS. horse for any purpose, because people who have means to pur- chase machines cannot afford to try to get along without horses. Concerning matters of legislation, Stile’s Bill No. 51, intro- duced in the legislature last Spring, was a surprise of no little importance to the veterinary profession in Pennsylvania. The bill provided for the re-opening of the veterinary regis- try lists throughout the counties of the State for one year, on the ground that there were still men unregistered who were le- gally entitled to register under the old law, and who, for one reason or another, had never taken advantage of the oppor- tunity. The defeat of this obnoxious bill was just and serves to show what may be accomplished by united effort. But while we did exceptionally well and have reason to congratulate ourselves, yet there is reason to believe that we might have done better. Had we contended not for the defeat of this bill, but for its amendment only, and had been successful, it would have had the effect of breaking the decision of Judge Schuyler, of Easton, viz.: That you cannot limit the time of registration of one who is legally entitled to register. At the same time the Board of Examiners could have had accorded it the power to examine the credentials of those who might present themselves as legally en- titled to register according to the decision. It follows that those not able to prove their claim could no longer find protection under the decision, which, by such a method, would have been rendered imperative. Having lost the opportunity afforded last Spring, it now behooves the Board to evolve some other plan. As it stands, Judge Schuyler’s decision is right and just. It is a strong decision, and one that cannot easily be broken. There is an old saying, “If you cannot stem the tide, float grace- fully with the stream.” Obey the decision, make provisions for such old men as can show they were legally entitled to register under the law. Thus Judge Schuyler’s decision may prove a help instead of an obstacle, a hint to clear the field for proper and successful action.’ Another interesting bill, last Spring, passed both houses of the legislature, and received the signature of the Governor. This ingenious piece of legislation aims to secure a pure and wholesome milk supply for cities of the second class only. In such cities it provides that the sale of milk shall be contingent upon the possession, by the seller, of a proper license, issued by the Department of Health through councils. The bill empow- SOCIETY MEETINGS, 367 ers councils to enact legislation requiring all herds that furnish milk to the city to be properly inspected by a veterinarian. It provides both for a physical examination and the tuberculin test. The bill covers the ground of complete inspection at the fountain head, the dairy. It has a few faults, but contains all that is necessary. It is a workable bill, not being too heavy or- tigidly exacting. It is to be regretted that the bill does not be- come the organic law of the entire State. It served also asa good illustration of what can be done to secure legislation when those desiring it do not ask for the earth. It is gratifying and portentous that such a widespread inter- est prevails in the matter of good roads; at least the work is growing along educational lines. At the International Good Roads Congress, held in Buffalo in Sept., I901, some very valuable papers were read by repre- sentatives from a number of the States. The Committee of the 3d Annual State Good Roads Associ- ation, which met recently in Albany, reported the following among the recommendations for legislation : 1st. That the State be asked to appropriate one million dol- lars this year for good roads. 2d. That improved highways be maintained by the State, the expense to be proportioned between the State, the county and the town. 3d. That a wide tire law be enacted. 5th. That a change from the labor to the money system of repairing highways be made compulsory. The problem of good roads in this country appears to be a most difficult one to solve. All things considered, country roads are but little better in Pennsylvania than they were twenty-five years ago. The labor system, still in vogue, of farmers work- ing out road taxes, has been an expensive “failure for lack of in- telligent road building and sufficient funds with which to build them. No money, no roads. The idea of the Pennsylvania farmers, expressed through the great organization known as the State Grange, is that a special tax should be levied on all personal and corporate prop- erty, and the amount used with that now derived from the tax- ation of real estate, for maintaining and building our roads. Not only that, but personal and corporate property should be taxed for road purposes equal with real estate, mill for mill. Thus it will be seen how far two great States differ in their ideas of the solution of the good roads problem. 368 SOCIETY MEETINGS. As far as any considerable results can be apprehended from present methods to obtain them, good roads in the United States, such as may be found in continental Europe, are a Uto- pian dream. Good roads are not of merely local benefit, but are a necessity to the nation which depends upon them, among other things, for its proper expansion. But unavoidable inter- state obstacles interdict the logic of depending upon the States for the acquisition of good roads for the nation. But these and other obstacles will disappear when the United States Govern- ment assumes the responsibility of building and maintaining our public highways. In the meantime, let us labor to assist any movement which contemplates the improvement of our roads. The State Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners during I90I examined twenty-one candidates for a license of the State and granted twenty licenses. All graduates must come before the Board. Notices are sent to every graduate from every school in the United States and Canada, where the same are registered from Pennsylvania. Twice each year a letter is sent to each of the sixty-eight Prothonotaries in Pennsylvania. The letter reads as follows : Prothonotary : DEAR S1R:—In enclosing you a pamphlet copy of the sev- eral Jaws of this State regulating the practice of Veterinary Science in this Commonwealth, I desire to call your attention to several points upon which prothonotaries have erred and which they have had to appeal to the courts for orders to cor- rect the same on their registers. Ist. All graduates of veterinary colleges as stipulated in Section 1 of the Act of April 11, 1889, were given the privilege of registering as such until the first Monday in September, 1895, as provided for in Section 9 of the Act of May 16, 1895. After the first Monday in September, 1895, no registrations were ad- missible save on presentation of a license from this Board. 2d. All non-graduates or those not possessing a diploma as provided for in Section 2 of the Act of April 11, 1889, were afforded six months, within which they were to make such reg- istration as an “existing practitioner.” This period ended October 11, 1889, after which all such registrations were illegal until the passage of the amendment to the law of 1889, on April 29, 1891, when a second period of time was afforded non-gradu- ates or until January 1, 1892, after which time all registrations of non-graduates were illegal. SOCIETY MEETINGS. 369 Will you kindly examine your registry and note that all registrations comply with these requirements? Further, that there is no other registration required beyond the one in the county of original registration, or in other words, one registra- tion covers the entire State. Again, that no further registrations can be made in this . State save on presentation of a license of this Board with the State seal attached. Trusting this will receive your careful attention and that you will report at once any irregularities on your registry that this Board may take the necessary steps to correct the same, I am, Very truly yours, SECRETARY. During 1901 there were twenty-two alleged violations of the law investigated by the Board, with three additional ones for 1902 to date. Cases were successfully prosecuted in Schuylkill and Bedford counties. ‘The Secretary of the Board has made two trips to York and Columbia to institute proceedings. The case in York is on the list for the April term of court. The one in Columbia has been temporarily postponed in order to secure more evidence. The Board has had names stricken from the registry by order of the court in several counties where the same has been allowed to be improperly placed there by the prothonotaries. All records of the Board are carefully filed and retained in the office of the Secretary, and a detailed record is kept of every violation of the law. The profession is better protected in the State than it ever has been, and the law grows stronger each year. Without the work of the Board, all laws for the protection of the profession in this State instead of being enforced would be a dead letter. As a result the profession would be in the same position that it occupied previous to the enactment of pro- tective legislation. Thus all illegitimate registrations have been prevented by the influence of the Board upon the pro- thonotaries of the State, and scores of illegal practitioners have been driven from the field through correspondence. Protection by laws, properly enforced, of a profession like ours, does more to dignity it in the eyes of the people than any other influence. Even the dignity derived from the professional education will not compare with it, where the right to practice is not made ex- clusive. Along educational lines the work of State Examiners’ Boards is no less important. Under their influence college cur- 370 SOCIETY MEETINGS. riculums are altered and improved courses of study lengthened, higher standing for graduation required, besides an efficient barrier is erected against the propagation of cheap schools. In Pennsylvania the Board means protection to the inter- ests and also gives elevation to the character of the profession. Therefore the integrity of the Board should be zealously guarded to the end that its personnel shall be the best adapted to the purpose. In closing this subject, would it not be a proper mark of our esteem and appreciation, for this association to frame a resolu- tion thanking Governor Stone for his action in reappointing, against political influences, an original, also a continuous mem- ber, now the worthy and competent Secretary of the Board, Dr. W. Horace Hoskins? I would suggest, for the consideration of this association, the feasibility of having two new committees. A standing com- mittee of three members to be known as the Committee of Membership. The duty of such a committee would be, first, to obtain the name of every worthy and eligible practicing veter- inarian inthe State. Second, to open correspondence with those not already members, with a view of bringing them into this association, and to render a report at each annual meeting, showing the extent of the work, and what has been accomplished during ‘the year, and all the facts that may be accumulated as a result of the correspondence. The other committee would be devoted to building up the ee of securing unity and harmony of the profession in Pennsylvania. This committee would not act in reference to members alone, but aim to reach every worthy veterinarian in the State, in order to secure his influence in favor of measures of importance to vet- erinarians as a professional body. It is interesting to contemplate that the present year bids fair to excel the past one in the prosperity of the profession’s inter- ests. The work of the Bureau of Animal Industry for 1go1 shows expansion in almost every direction. It shows that our markets in Europe, in the future, will depend upon the freedom of our herds from disease. That there has at no previous time been greater danger from imported contagion than now. The present number of quarantine stations are insufficient to afford adequate protection, owing to increased business. The number of cattle and sheep exported has increased over other years. We need no longer to import fine grades of cattle, but should intro- duce our fine breeding animals to foreign stockmen. Prospects SOCIETY MEETINGS. OTL for export trade to foreign countries are excellent, but the sup- ply of good stock is scarcely large enough to supply the home demand. ‘The number of cities where meat inspection is con- ducted has been increased by 13 per cent. during the year, and the number of carcasses inspected at the time of slaughter by 2,300,- 000. That there have been a large number of promotions of - veterinarians in the Bureau of Animal Industry, and that there is an increased demand for additional inspectors. The report of the chief of the Bureau for 1901, should, on account of its in- teresting information, be read by every veterinarian. We note that the last National Horse Show was the most successful ever held inthis country. That the good horses have not been as scarce, and, all things considered, as high in the markets as now. To indicate the status of veterinary education in this country, a few years ago nearly every veterinarian thought he knew every- thing. Now, nobody knows anything. Is not thisa potent in- dication of the progress of intelligence and education? ‘The world owes you nothing. You owe it the influence of your best faculties. Pay the debt you owe and the present will reward you, while coming ages may not cease to bless you. REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON LEGISLATION. By W. Horace Hoskins, D. V. S., Philadelphia, Pa. Since our meeting one year ago we have closed a session of our legislature in Pennsylvania, which I have no doubt you are all familiar with. Before this body there were several bills that we were interested in for the welfare of our State Live Stock Sanitary Board and one bill that we were most especially and deeply concerned in. You will recall our adjournment one year ago under a necessity of going to our State Capitol, there to vigorously protest before a committee of the House against the passage of a Senate bill known as the Stiles bill, destined to reopen registrations of non-graduates. Those of you who were among the body that personally protested against the measure will remember the favorable assurances from the Public Health Committee that this bill would not be favorably recommended, and recall the fact that they returned the bill to the House with a favorable recommendation, all at the dictation of certain pow- erful influences who were using this as well as other pernicious measures for ulterior purposes. Realizing the unwarranted and unmerited strength back of this measure from that hour on until the defeat of this vicious proposition, we were compelled to 372 SOCIETY MEETINGS. wage daily and hourly warfare against this bill and the calling of every veterinarian from Lake Erie to the Delaware to per- sonally use his influence at home and at Harrisburg against this proposed dangerous legislation, and nothing in the world saved us from its evil influences but the almost unanimous flood of protests by letter, by wire, phone and personal visitation, filed with our legislators in the State Capitol. This bill was the greatest test of association worth and professional union, and a triumphant trial of our combined strength. Our present laws have undoubtedly worked some hardships, but these are the great exceptions and should not be counted against the great benefits derived by our people in better educated and trained veterinarians. Two other measures of interest to us as veterinarians were passed at the last session of the State Legislature one of which will greatly contribute to the efficiency of the work of the State Live Stock Sanitary Board. In compelling the proper disposal of the carcasses of animals dying with infectious and contagious diseases, much will be saved in deterring the spread of these diseases as well as preventing their becoming fixed on farms and grazing grounds. A second bill was passed whereby the owners of horses and cattle as well as sheep may be compensated for the loss of these animals from the dog tax fund, where they have died or been destroyed as suffering from “rabies.” This law, it is thought, will contribute to the more thorough collection of dog taxes, the destroying of homeless dogs and wandering curs and bea source of relief to those who suffer losses through this malady. It may require some modification in that all such losses shall be certified to by the State Live Stock Sanitary Board to avoid possible unjust losses. By Dr. Jas. W. SALLADE, V. S.. Auburn, Pa. - As one of the Committee on Legislation, I want to report briefly that as all or most of you are aware the Stiles bill open- ing the registration period was defeated by our last legislature. The push that went to Harrisburg combined with the individ- ual effort of every member of this association had done its work so well that when I went to Harrisburg a second time, before the final vote on the bill, with a willingness to agree to a prop- osition to allow such as had neglected either by indifference or through ignorance to register in time, but could clearly demon- strate to the State Board their right to do so, had they availed themselves of the opportunity in time to register, the mem- SOCIETY MEETINGS. 373 bers of the legislature, I found, had been so thoroughly aroused by their home veterinarians that nothing would fit them but a vote to defeat the entire measure. I was delighted to learn that the profession had so much influence, and make this state- ment so as to encourage you in concerted action upon legislation. Many of you who were not placed as I was do not realize your strength. It developed that the legislator was afraid of the influence of his home veterinarian. I wish to draw attention to a piece of legislation that I be- lieve would work much good to the profession. I merely touch upon the matter, leaving it open for suggestions and thereby hope to draw out the full sense of this association. I refer to the registration of veterinarians. I would suggest that the next legislature be asked to alter the law by passing an act requiring registration with the State Board every three or five years at a nominal fee, and repeal the act that requires reg- istration with the prothonotary of each county. In this manner you would support the hands of your Board, keep your register clear and require those not associated with us in this association but who derive the same benefit from the several acts of the Assembly secured at the hands of the Associ- ation to contribute their efforts to ours in the advancement of the profession. REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON ANIMAL HUSBANDRY. By Geo. B. Jopson, V. S., Chairman, Franklin, Pa. In the previous report of this committee, figures were given showing the importance of, and the amount of wealth invested in the animal industry of Pennsylvania. While these figures giv- ing the numbers and estimated value of the horses, cattle, sheep and swine in this State, show the immense capital invested in live stock, it is not merely from a commercial or financial stand- point on which we must base our estimate of the relative im- portance of this industry to the citizens of our Commonwealth. When we take into account the fact that the wholesomeness of the products derived from our domesticated animals, in the form of meat, butter and cheese, is largely dependent on their health, their sanitary surroundings, and methods of handling these products, we begin to appreciate in some measure the impor- tance of the animal husbandry, in relation to the health of the consumer. We endeavored to demonstrate the position which the vet- 374 SOCIETY MEETINGS. erinary profession holds to the animal husbandry of this Com- monwealth. That the mission of the veterinarian, as formerly understood by his client, lies not so much in curing the diseases of animals, as in their prevention ana control, by advising the owner regarding the enforcement of efficient sanitary and hy- gienic measures which shall prevent the approach of, or control the spread of disease. The reports issued by the Agricultural Department of the sev- eral States, and the Bureau of Animal Industry, are all promi- nent factors in educating the farmer regarding the necessity of adopting such measures as shall provide for the comfort and sanitary condition of his live stock, and to keep in line with these improved educational advantages enjoyed by our agricul- tural friends, the education of the ‘successful veterinarian, in rural districts, will necessarily require to embrace a course of study which shall enable him to give intelligent advice in re- gard to the sanitary housing, feeding, and general care of farm stock. While probably not so essential, a knowledge of the good qualities and points of the various breeds is a very useful qualification. The State Live Stock Sanitary Board is still fighting the good fight for the control of, and stamping out of bovine tubercu- losis. The badly infected herds having been first inspected, those now being tested show a much smaller percentage of dis- eased animals. While the public, generally, appreciate the good work which is being done by the Board for the control of tuberculosis within our own borders, and preventing the entry of untested dairy and breeding stock into this State, yet there are a few noisy and carping critics, who make wholly irresponsi- ble and unfounded statements regarding cattle inspection, and the tuberculin test, which only go to show their own ignorance of the utility of this test for the detection of tuberculosis. It is to be deplored that a few of our live stock journals are still prejudiced against the tuberculin test as a means for the diag- nosis of tuberculosis. A recent communication in one of these journals by a veterinarian resident in a neighboring State was not only a breach of professional courtesy, but a gross insult to the veterinarians of Pennsylvania. There does not appear to have been any severe epizootic dis- ease among live stock since our last report. A form of heemor- rhagic septicaemia occurred in a herd of dairy cattle near Corry, during the latter part of September, and at the same time in a herd in Warren county. It was characterized by severe haem- SOCIETY MEETINGS. 375 orrhagic diarrhea, elevated temperature, and rapid respiration, and in the majority of the animals affected proved fatal in a few hours. At both places the cattle were pastured on poor, unre- claimed land, partly in woods, and the water supply was bad, being the surface drainage from the land. Removal to other quarters, and feeding corn fodder, stopped further extension of the outbreak. On suspicion of anthrax, specimens from animals affected in both herds were forwarded to the Bacteriological Laboratory of the State Live Stock Sanitary Board, but the re- sults were reported negative. One of two of the last animals affected, which lingered for some weeks after being attacked by the disease, was slaughtered for post-mortem examination. The lesions found in this case were only those of simple gastro- enteritis. The abomasum, pyloric orifice, and intestine adjoin- ing the organs were intensely inflamed on their mucous surface. The ileo-czecal valve and colon in spots were also affected in the same manner. The dédrzs of dried leaves in considerable quan- tity, along with corn fodder which had been lately fed, were found in the rumen. The demand for dairy inspection by municipalities is increas- ing, although much remains to be done by way of educating the public regarding the advantage of inspection, in providing a pure and wholesome milk supply for consumers. When a sys- tem of milk inspection is first introduced in a district, it is well to make the requirements not too exacting, but gradually lead up to that point which will give a good and efficient system of inspection. The difficulty in most cases is not that the milk is of poor quality, but in impressing on farmers and dairymen the necessity for providing enough air space, plenty of light, keep- ing the stable in good sanitary condition, and having proper conveniences and methods for cooling and handling the milk. It is with pleasure we note the demand for, and good prices realized for all classes of farm stock, horses, fat cattle, dairy stock and its products, and the generally improved financial condition of the farmer. Usually with this financial improvement the agriculturist desires to improve the quality of his live stock, this increased value creates a demand for the services of the vet- erinarian when it is attacked by disease, which proves how closely the prosperity of the veterinarian is dependent on the farmer. REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON ANIMAL HUSBANDRY. NO. 2. Mr. President and Gentlemen : This is a subject of great importance to us; if animal hus- bandry fails, our practice is gone. 376 SOCIETY MEETINGS. No legitimate industry can suffer without rebounding to the injury of society in general, and most certainly none can take rank ahead of the industry that affords the human family its meat and milk supply as well as the chief part of the power used in tilling the ground, storing, preparing and moving the crops ; delivering the articles of commerce to the doors of our homes and moving the engines of destruction and our rough riders in time of war. From the carefulinvestigation of the American Agricultur- zst, we find a loss of 4 per cent. in farm stock values during the twelve months from January, I9o1, to 1902; the total shrinkage being over $125,000,000, notwithstanding a moderate increase of numbers in all class of animals except hogs. The average price of horses has declined 2 per cent. ; mules, 1 per Cent. ; cows; 5 per ‘cent. seattle, rz percent. ; sheep) morpes cent., while hog values have advanced 17 percent. If this con- dition prevailed only in the drought-stricken districts, we might consider the cause local, but, in every State, the decline is no- ticeable and quite uniform. Of course the high price of feeds and forced sales of stock have had their influence; but aside from these, there are plain indications that the upward trend of live stock values are over and on the decline. We hope and trust they will not again reach the ruinous prices which gov- erned the market in 1896. ~ The average price of hogs increased $1.11 per head the past year, making a bright prospect for the hog-raiser who is well stocked and well posted in economical production. Prices will doubtless be well maintained for at least one year, owing to the unusual slaughter of store hogs and brood sows, causing a light pig crop this spring. In fact, anomalous conditions are pres- ent among the other meat producers (cattle and sheep). Cattle, known as stockers, can be bought lower than at any time in recent years, while prime beef cattle and veal calves are at top notch. Store sheep and lambs have ruled low, while the well-fatted carcass markets well; giving the man who has capital and understands the science of feeding a chance to make money. It is true that the farmer has shown prudence in hesitating about feeding on corn alone this winter. But cotton and linseed meals and the gluten foods are proportionately lower and can be profitably used, with corn, in making beef, pork and mutton, while the value of the manure heap is greatly enhanced in consequence. The Eastern farmer who raised one hundred bushel of corn SOCIETY MEETINGS. OH Ol! to the acre and laid in a good supply of nitrogenous foods dur- ing the summer and early autumn has been in position to turn the markets to good advantage. The feeding problem is of first importance in animal hus- bandry and the veterinarian should be the farmers’ ready advisor under the varying conditions. ALUMNI SOCIETY OF THE VETERINARY DEPART- MENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. The regular annual meeting was held in Houston Hall, June 18th, 1902, with the following alumni present : C. J. Marshall, ’94; S. J. J. Harger, ’97 ; Casper Garnett, ’88 ; Ay: Schreiber, 88 ; Charles Lintz, °87; W. R. Andrews, ’oo; G. W. Homer, ’00; Charles E. Magill, 3p: Alvin James, ’93 ; Feu: Martien, 96 ; Frederick Stehile, OES sealer W. Powell, eens AO: Carlisle, tomes: FD: Houldsw orth, EE. Brad= ley, ? 02 ; Fred Weitzel ° 102 : Ast Ae Haron, 702 ; Ww J. Storm, LOVES aa Fergenbaum, ’02; H. Baker, ’02 ; S. C. Babson, ’02 ; Oscar F. ptearns, ’02.; John W. Adams, ’92; Leonard Pearson, ie 3. )- Cole} 02; Sam’l Burrows, 02; HE. M. Ranck, °97.; and W. Horace Hoskins, DOW Si, American Vet. College, Thos. B. Rayner, V. S., Philadelphia College of Vet. Surgeons. The minutes of the previous meeting were read and ap- proved, after which we had reports of various officers and com- mittees. The Library Committee, under.chairmanship of Dr. Leon- ard Pearson, brought to our attention the necessity of libraries in veterinary colleges, and through his efforts a committee was formed to see if the library of the late Dr. Rush Shippen Huide- koper could not be bought. It was the intention of this com- mittee to have a number of contributions made so that this li- brary could be procured for the Veterinary Department of the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Rayner was among those who were approached on this subject and out of his generous nature he willingly assumed the responsibility of purchasing the library and presented it to the Veterinary Department. The only restriction Dr. Rayner has placed on this purchase is that it shall be available for all veterinarians throughout the country, and we are glad to say that since it has been placed in the Library building of the University of Pennsylvania, it will be accessible at all times, as this rule prevails there. 378 SOCIETY MEETINGS. This library is presented as a memoir to Dr. Rayner’s late son, Moncure R. Rayner, who died while pursuing his course in our department. Dr. Adams, of the same committee, in making a report un- der the same heading, said ‘‘it is the intention as soon as we have a fire-proof building, to have these books removed to the Veterinary Department proper.” He expressed his gratitude in a very pleasing manner to Dr. Rayner, and said that he hoped we would show our appreciation by our assuming the task of adding to this munificient gift. Dr. Harger, in making a few remarks in reporting on the same committee, said “that Dr. Rayner wishes to improve the status of the profession from his extreme love for the same.” Dr. Harger, who knew his son so very well, who took a great interest in his studies, referred to the fact that had he not been taken from us, he would probably be one of the shining alumni of our department now. The further reference to the report of this gift will be found under the head of resolutions. This report was accepted as above, and ordered to be spread upon the minutes. The report of the other library committee was not available ; this committee having been recently appointed, did not have time to prepare a report. The Secretary and Treasurer reported the financial condi- tions of the society, which shows it to be in a prosperous state. A number of the graduating class showed their interest in the association by enrolling their names on the membership list. Following this was the annual election of officers, which re- sulted as follows : President—A. F. Schreiber. Secretary and Treasurer—E. M. Ranck. Historian—S. J. J. Harger. Executive Committee—Charles Williams, S. J. J. Harger, Leonard Pearson. Under the head of new business, resolutions were adopted as follows : WHEREAS, It has pleased Divine Providence to remove from our midst our late fellow alumnus and esteemed friend and colleague, Dr. Frank T. Shannon, whose integrity, noble impulses and professional ability were appreciated by us all; and whose endeavors were always exerted for the welfare and prosperity of the veterinary profession, be it therefore Resolved, That this association sincerely regrets his loss so early in SOCIETY MEETINGS. 379 his useful career, and extends to his parents its sympathy and condo- lence in their great loss ; and be it further : Resolved, That these resolutions be spread upon the records of this association and a copy thereof be transmitted to the parents of our de- ceased friend and to each of the veterinary journals in the United States. WHEREAS, In response to the immutable laws of Almighty God there has been called from the strife and turmoil of earthly cares an alumnus of this society, Dr. James Beatty. Again are we reminded of the uncertainty of life, and the certainty of death. We mourn his early demise, not more in response to a sympathetic chord of sadness in our hearts than because we realize the blighting of a bright prospect of future development into a strong manhood, a useful member of society, and a benefit to his profession. His integrity of purpose, purity of character, and loyalty to his many friends endeared him to this society, and made him an associate worthy of emulation. Endowed with a cheerful disposition, and a waim sympathetic nature, he wound about all our heart the tendrils of his love and affection. It may truly be said of him that he was a wise and valued counselor in prosperity, anda sincere friend in adversity. The members of this society, and those to whom his qualifications were best known and appreciated can only bathe his memory in their tears, and lay upon his resting place the wreath of their affection. Therefore, be it Resolved, That by the death of Dr. Beatty, this society has sustained a loss of one of its brightest, most useful and beloved members, and the University of Pennsylvania a warm supporter and one of its representa- tive men. That the ranks of the profession for the practice of which he had prepared himself will feel the loss of one worthy of the highest honors possible of attainment. And that society at large is deprived of the influence he might have exerted and the good he might have done, Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be spread upon the records of this society and that they be published in the ‘‘ Alumni Register.’’ WHEREAS, Through the generosity of Dr. Thos. B. Rayner, of Chestnut Hill, the large and valuable library of the late Dr. Rush Shippen Huidekoper has been purchased and presented to the Veteri- nary Department of the University of Pennsylvania, as a perpetual me- morial to his son, Moncure Robinson Rayner, class ’96, Resolved, That we, the alumni of the Veterinary Department of the University, are profoundly grateful for this munificent gift, and do pledge ourselves to do all in our power to enlarge and render efficient the Rayner library. Be it therefore Resolved, That Dr. Thos. B. Rayner be elected an honorary member of the Alumni Society of the Veterinary Department of the University of Pennsylvania. Be it further Resolved, That an appropriate tablet inscribed with the name of the donor and his magnificent gift, be placed in the library room of the new Veterinary Building. A plan was proposed for the perusal of the members present to establish a fund for the library by creating stocks in a build- ing association. ‘This was thoroughly discussed by members present, who are members of various building associations, and 380 SOCIETY MEETINGS. also by Dr. Hoskins, who has been a director of one for a num- ber of years. A motion to have the Library Committee given power of attorney to formulate plans to start such a fund, to work in connection with the Executive Committee, was unanimously adopted. : W. Horace Hoskins, D. V. S., Alexander Glass, V. S., and John Marshall, M. D., were elected honorary members. We next listened to an excellent address from Dr. Leonard Pearson, for the proposed plans for the new buildings of the Veterinary Department, which we have every reason to expect to be completed in a very short time. The following committees were appointed by the incoming President for the ensuing year : Library Committee.—Drs. Adams, Pearson and Harger. Special Library Committee.—Drs. Felton, Repp and Mohler. After a general smoke, this being a smoker instead of a banquet, and listening to various remarks from the alumni present, we adjourned. E. M. RANCK, Secy.-Treasurer. MASSACHUSETTS VETERINARY ASSOCIATION. The eighteenth annual meeting was held at the Hotel Cecil, Wednesday evening, April 23. Members present: Drs. Black- wood, Beckett, Bunker, Emerson, Harrington, Howard, May, Peters, Pierce, Rogers, and Winchester. Applications for membership were received from Dr. John F. Conners, of South Boston, and Dr. Geo. F. Quinlan, of Brookline. The election of officers for the ensuing year resulted as fol-_ lows: President—Dr. B. D. Pierce, of Springfield. First Vice-President—Dr. H. P. Rogers, of Allston. Second Vice-President—Dr. Geo. Lee, of Brighton. Secretary-Treasurer—Dr. E. T. Harrington, South Boston. Executive Committee— Drs. Austin Peters, Thos. Black- wood, J. R. McLaughlin, W. L. LaBaw, and M. Bunker. There was a general discussion as to the advisability of changing our place of meeting as a means of increasing the at- tendance. It was voted to refer to our May meeting for definite action the following motion: ‘That the contract for the ensu- ing year with the Boston Medical Library be not renewed, and a contract be entered into with the Boston Veterinary Hospital, ee Re SOCIETY MEETINGS. 381 to the same end, if satisfactory arrangements can be made.” The resignation of Dr. Etienne, of St. Hyacinthe, P. O., was read and accepted, and it was voted that the Secretary send him a letter of regret. After the business meeting the members sat down to the banquet and passed a very enjoyable evening. After the banquet the following toasts were proposed by the toastmaster, Dr. L. H. Howard: “ Our Association,” by Dr. B. D. Pierce; ‘“ One of our Oldest Members Honored by the Na- tional Association,” Dr. J. F. Winchester ; ‘‘ Harvard Veterin- ary School,” Dr. E. C. Beckett; ‘‘ The American Veterinary College,” Dr. M. Bunker; “‘ The Commonwealth of Massachu- setts,” Dr. A. Peters; ‘“‘ McGill University,” Dr. T. Blackwood ; “Our Out-of-Town Members,” Dr. D. Emerson; ‘ The Bureau of Animal Industry and Sanitary Police,” Dr. H. P. Rogers ; “Our Secretary,” Dr. E. T. Harrington; ‘ Our Profession Across the Water,” Dr. H. S. Lewis; ‘‘ The Ladies,” Dr. A. W. May. The meeting then adjourned. Epw. T. HARRINGTON, Secretary. NEW YORK STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL Sele vo The annual meeting will take place at Brooklyn, on Sept. g and ro, the week following that of the A. V. M. A., and ar- rangements are well under way, insuring a splendid reunion. The members resident in and about Gotham are. determined that this year’s meeting shall not fall one whit behind those held in Ithaca the past two years. The local committee of arrangements, consisting of Drs. Bell (Chairman), Berns, Ackerman, Robertson and Kelly, have held several meetings and each has assumed charge of certain parts of the work. Dr. Berns will iook after the clinic, which will be held at his large and complete infirmary ; Dr. Ackerman will have charge of the hotel accommodations and entertain- ment. The chairman will cooperate with Secretary Kelly in soliciting a literary programme, and assist the other members in their work, while Dr. Robertson will be a valuable coadju- tor and advisor to the whole proceedings. The first day will be devoted to the business of the society, the reading and discussion of papers, and an evening session will be necessary for this purpose. On the morning of the 382 SOCIETY MEETINGS. second day, the surgical clinic will begin, lasting until the early afternoon, when an excursion to some nearby resort will be ten- dered the guests, at the terminal point of which a shore dinner will be served. We advise Empire State veterinarians to mark this meeting down upon their calendars. MICHIGAN STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSO- CIATION. The meeting was called to order at Lansing, Feb. 4th, by President J. J. Joy. Almost 40 members answered the roll call. President delivered his annual address. A committee was ap- pointed to arrange program of entertainment for the ladies. Minutes of previous meeting were read. Eight new members were elected. Letters from absent members were read. W. W. Thorburn, Secretary of State Veterinary Board, was expelled. Dr. J. Hawkins, Prof. Chas. E. Marshall, of the M. A. C., and Dr. H. B. Baker, Secretary of the State Board of Health, were elected honorary members. Resolutions of sympathy on the deaths of Mrs. Wooley and Dr. R. E. Hunt were adopted. Delinquent members were suspended for non-payment of dues. The following officers were elected : President—H. F. Palmer, Detroit. First Vice-President—H. M. Gohr, St. Johns. Second Vice-Piesident—J. Harrison, Maple Rapids. Third Vice-President—H. S. Smith, Albion. Secretary and T'reasurer—W. A. Giffen, Detroit. Directors—Judson Black, J. W. Brodie, D. G. Sutherland, Wm. Jopling, J. J. Walkington and A. McKercher. The Secretary’s report was read. A resolution was adopted giving Secretary $15 in addition to salary for the year’s work. Treasurer’s report was read, showing a balance of $130.16. Committee on Diseases reported. State Live -Stock Sanitary Laws were freely discussed. It was resolved that the Committee on Legislation be em- powered to draft amendments to State Live Stock Sanitary Laws, and that said committee be instructed to take such action as may be deemed best to have the amendments brought before the legislature at its next session. Committee on Intelligence and Education reported. The banquet was held on the eveningof February 4th. Dr. SOCIETY MEETINGS. 383 Geo. W. Dunphy acted as toastmaster. ‘Toasts were responded to as follows: ‘Our Association,” Drs. Brenton, Sutherland, Whitney, Clement, Byers and Cummings; “ Legislation,” Dr. F. C. Wells ; ‘‘ Our New Members,” Dr. H. L. Bellinger; “Our Officers,” Dr. H. M. Gohr; “Our Guests,” Major H. E. John- son and Dr. Davis; ‘‘Our Bachelor Members,” Drs. Smith and - Mekerchers;) “Our State Board,” Dr. H. F. Palmer; “The Ladies,” Drs. Giffen and Jopling. February 5th.—Dr. Brenton, assisted by Drs. Campbell, Joy, Sutherland, Black and others, demonstrated the following surgical operations: Neurectomy for the cure of lameness, shaking the head involuntarily and cribbing; tenotomy for the relief of stringhalt and bone spavin ; operations for spaying in the mare and for the removal of lateral cartilages were per- formed. The following -papers were read and discussed: ‘“ Conta- gious Diseases of Live Stock in Michigan,” Dr. F. C. Wells ; “The Work of the Michigan Agricultural College,” Dr. Smith ; “The Relation of the M. A.C. to Veterinary Science,” Dr. G. A. Waterman ;.‘‘ Veterinary Protection,” Dr. Chas. Nyce; “ Diagnostic Agents,” Dr. H. F. Palmer; ‘“‘ The Horse’s Stom- ach,” Dr. Wm. Jopling ; “ Azoturia,” Dr. J. J. Walkington; “Anthrax from the Bacteriological Standpoint,’ Dr. C. E. Marshall. The following resolutions were carried unanimously : (1). Thanks of the association be extended to Hon. A. T. Bliss, Governor, for the kind consideration and many courtesies he has shown us during his term of office. (2). Thanking Hon. J. E. Weter for the cheerful and valuable assistance he has given us in our legislation work. (3). That the associa- tion put itself on record as favoring higher veterinary education in colleges and a curriculum of at least three years. Dr. Joy installed the newly-elected President, Dr. Palmer. The President appointed the following committees : Legtslation.—Drs. Giffen, Wells, Dunphy, Black. Intelligence and Education.—Drs. Whitney, Smith, Waldron. Diseases.—Drs. Wells, Gohr, Bellinger. Chinics.—Drs. Waterman, Manning, Irwin. Finance.—Drs. Hamilton, Farmer, Muir. A motien to adjourn was carried. W. A. GIFFEN, Secretary. 384 NEWS AND ITEMS. NEWS AND ITEMS. Dr. F. D. Lucky and Dr. J. W. Connoway, of Columbia, Mo., were recent visitors in Kansas City. VETERINARIAN R. J. STANCLIFFE, 8th Cavalry, U. S. Army, has been transferred from Cuba to Fort Reno, Oklahoma, I. T. Dr. THomas Castor, U. S. inspector in the quarantine field and stationed at Trinidad, Colorado, recently visited his many friends in Philadelphia. Dr. CARL W. Gay, graduate of the New York State Veter- inary College, class of ’99, is now filling the chair of Veterinary Medicine and Sanitary Science in the Iowa State College, at Ames. Dr. Horace H. Cou.ins, of Elizabeth, Pa., and Dr. Robert W. McKibben have recently been appointed assistant inspectors in the Bureau of Animal Industry and are stationed at Kansas City. THE Kansas City force of meat inspectors has been aug- mented by the appointment of Dr. Wilhelm Scheumacher, of Milwaukee, Wis., Dr. James N. Shepard, of Langdon, South Dakota, and Dr. E. M. Nighbert, of Mt. Sterling, Illinois. Dr. T. EARLE Bupp, of Orange, N. J., has been appointed the official veterinarian of the Atlantic City Horse Show, which occurs July 15th to roth. Dr. Budd belongs to the advanced guard of the veterinary profession of New Jersey, and it is grati- fying to announce his appointment. A DISPATCH from New Orleans, La., of June 21, says that the great prevalence of charbon and glanders among the live stock of South Africa is due to inoculations in New Orleans by Boer sympathizers, and that the virus was obtained from a Philadelphia chemist. Dr. A. M. LEEK, of New Haven, Conn., who has been with Dr. Ryder at the American Horse Exchange, New York City, for some time past, is assistant to Dr. T. S. Childs, at the Sara- toga Veterinary Hospital, Saratoga Springs, N. Y., for the sum- mer of 1902. Oris MANN, a well-known veterinary surgeon of Stafford Springs, Mass., died June 3, of heart trouble, aged 70 years. While nota graduate, he attended college for two or three years, about 1875, having been a room-mate of the late Dr. Saunders, of Boston, at the A. V. C. From 1880 to 1890 he practiced in Springfield, Mass., and then removed to Stafford, where he built up a large practice. NEWS AND ITEMS. 385. Dr. GEORGE W. POPE, superintendent, has an illustrated article in the Breeder's Gazette for June 4 describing the new government quarantine station for the Port of New York, at Athenia, N. J., and the methods of handling and caring for the imported animals who sojourn there previous to distribution throughout the country. Dr. ANDREW HYDE, late of Norwich, Conn., who was re- cently honored by election to the Presidency of the Connecticut State Veterinary Medical Association, has accepted the position of assistant meat inspector, B. A. I., and is now stationed at Sioux City, Iowa, where he reported for duty on the 6th ult. A studious, conscientious gentleman, he cannot but prove a splendid acquisition to the federal service, while the Nutineg State will lose one of its brightest and most scientific veterinarians. GROWTH OF THE AUTOMOBILE.—That very excellent pub- lication, the Horse-Shoers’ Journal, has been gathering some statistics anent the horseless vehicle, for the purpose of ascer- taining the effects of their advent upon the horse-shoeing fra- ternity. We observe in the long list of cities which are reported that New York and Boston are omitted, and as these cities are the most populous automobile centres the figures as to totals cannot be taken very seriously. However, the Journal's object was to show the effects upon the horse, and for that purpose there are certainly enough reported to strike a comprehensive average. The following is a brief vreswmé of the result of the can- vass : “‘ Total number of cities reported, 48. Number of automo- biles reported in use, 1,975; for pleasure, 1,792; for business purposes, ™83. Total number of shoeing shops May, r1go1, 2,462 ; May, 1902, 2,437; showing a decrease of 25 shops dur- ing the year. In 29 of the cities reporting, an increase of from 2 to 50 per cent. in the volume of trade is shown over last year. Fifteen cities report conditions as being about the same, while in only four is a decrease reported, these in as many different localities, one eastern and two middle states. To the question ‘State what class of people are taking to the auto, whether horsemen or not,’ a variety of answers have been received, the vast majority going to show those using them are not horsemen. A few others by horsemen who still retain their horses, and still others classing the use of the auto asa fad.” The conclusion reached by the Journal editor is: “The workman can say with every regard for fact that no injury has so far fallen to the lot of the trade, and, judging by conditions presented, none is likely to come to us.”’ PUBLISHERS’ DEPARTMENT. Subscription price, $3 per annum, invariably in advance, foreign countries, $3.60; students while attending college, §2; single copies, 25 cents. Rejected manuscripts will not be returned unless postage is forwarded. Subscribers are earnestly requested to notify the Business Manager immediately upon changing thetr address. Alex. Eger, 34 East Van Buren St., Chicago, Ill., Veterinary Publisher and dealer in Veterinary Instruments, Books, and Drugs, ts the authorized agent for the REVIEW. in Chicago and the Middle West, and will receive subscriptions and advertisements at publishers rates. WE would again direct the attention of REVIEW readers to page 14, in our advertising department. For the past two months we have been calling their especial attention to this particular advertising page, in the interests of a widow of one of your colleagues, whom Providence saw fit to remove from the side of his mate, and leave her to face the stern realities of life alone, and we would not have them forget her now that we have replaced her ‘‘ book-advertisement ’’ by another (you still have her name and address in your last month’s copy), but we know that you will be especially interested in what you find on page 14 /4zs month, as it is just what you want to know. Our ‘‘bulletins’’ (advertising pages) are always interesting to our readers, for just that reason, they keep them posted on what is on the market for their especial use and where to get it, and this one, which puts you in touch with the officials of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway, certainly appears at an opportune time, when you are arranging to go to Minneapolis and won- dering which is the best route to get there. Write these people and get your mind settled, so that you can give all the rest of your time to your work up to the hour of starting. Tue Zenner Disinfectant Co., whose acquaintance REVIEW readers made nearly a year ago, have published a little ‘‘ Booklet,’’ which is very interesting, giving much information about Clydesdale and Per- cheron horses, Shorthorn, Aberdeen-Angus, Jersey and Guernsey Cat- tle, Southdown and Shropshire Sheep, Poland-China, Berkshire and Yorkshire Hogs; as exhibited at the International Live-Stock Exposi- tion, Chicago, Dec., 1901; which they will present to any REvIEw reader upon making application, and mentioning the AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW. Wuar a large business has opened up in tablets and granules for canine practice. We know of no Veterinarian now who would think of being without them, and yet the Review first advocated them about three years ago. The Abbott Alkaloidal Co. (ad. on inside back cover) were the pioneers and remain the easy leaders. PRACTICE FOR SALE. For SALe.—Practice in city of 5,000, county seat of one of the best farming counties in State of Missouri, no other graduate in county. Business will amount to $1500 a year and increasing. Reason for selling, have accepted position with Government. Price, $300 cash; don’t write unless you have money and mean business. Address, ‘‘ Busi- ness,’’ careof Am, Ver. REVIEW, 509 W, 152d St , New York. AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW. AUGUST, 1902. All communications for publication or in reference thereto should be addressed to Prof, Roscoe R. Bell, Seventh Ave. & Union St., Borough of Brooklyn, New York City. EDITORIAL. EUROPEAN CHRONICLES. AN old French proverb says: ‘‘ Faute de grives, on mange des merles” (“‘ From want of thrushes, one eats blackbirds” ). From want of man to test the new theory of Koch, one has to be satisfied with monkeys. Insufficient as that may be, read the rough results : Carrying out a series of experiments decided upon by the committee appointed by the Société de Médecine Vétérinaire Pratique (see January REVIEW, Vol. XXV, No. Io, page 788), three monkeys were se/ected and FED with rice and milk in which cultures of bovine tuberculous bacillus were added. ‘Two re- ceived five meals of this appetizing dish, one had only three. After 69 days one of the first died. Lesions: extensive ascites, miliary tubercles in the omentum, mesenteric glands extensively diseased, intestinal mucous membrane ulcerated with tuberculous ulcerations ; liver, spleen, lungs, full of tuber- cles. Another monkey was killed about a month later, and exhib- ited lesions entirely identical : tuberculous peritonitis, tubercu- lous mesenteric glands, ulcerations of the intestines, liver and spleen extensively diseased, lungs to less extent. The third monkey, older, larger and more resisting there- fore, in comparatively less diseased condition, was allowed to live a month ionger, and at the post-mortem revealed lesions 387 388 EDITORIAL. very similar to those of the two subjects, but less developed. A fourth monkey which had been killed at the beginning of the experiment to compare with the condition of the others, proved entirely free from tuberculosis. From these experiments what is proved? First, by the ex- tent and the quantity of the lesions of the digestive canal and its annexes, that it is evident that the intestinal mucous mem- brane is the way of entrance of the virus and that the infection has without doubt been the result of the zzges¢zon of the infected food—a regular fabes mesenterica on a small scale; a confir- mation of the danger so powerfully demonstrated by Nocard and others, and which plainly justifies the exclamation of Nocard : ‘‘ Mothers, always boil the milk before you give it to your child- Lelie: . Will, after this, Koch tell us that the dangers of human in- fection are exaggerated? Truly, the subjects of experiments were only monkeys—but, as we said in the beginning, “faute de grives, on mange des merles.” But that is not all the results that can be obtained by this experiment that Prof. Nocard has been carrying out with all the care and attention that he brings to all his researches. The lesions which were found in such a short time were enormous in the first two monkeys. If they were of less extent in the third, although.a longer time was allowed to elapse, it is be- cause he was older, stronger, more developed, and more able to resist. Is it not the same in the human family, where in two individuals similarly exposed, one will resist longer than the other? But the result will ultimately be the same. And from the condition of the lesions that were found, from the rapidity of their development, the great virulency of the bovine tuber- culous bacillus is demonstrated, as well as the excessive recep- tivity of the monkey for this bacillus. Would similar results have been obtained with human tuberculous infection? This is a new question. Which of the two, bovine or human, is the more dangerous? ‘The problem is now the object of new experiments. EDITORIAL. 389 I will send our friends the complete report of Professor Nocard as soon as it is published. * i * Mumps, which we find described in works on canine pa- . thology under the general heading of the various forms of parotiditis, has taken the attention of pathologists, and it seems ‘that, according to recent researches, an interesting fact has been made out, viz., their contagious property from man to dogs, and although the cases observed are yet few, it is not improper to call the attention of practitioners to it. This, however, is not anew idea. In 1842 Schiissele and Hertwig mentioned some- thing about it, and later Dr. Busquet spoke to the Academie of Medicine of the transmissibility of mumps from man to dog. But yet specialists seemed to have ignored it. Recently, how- ever, Lfind in one of the Belgian journals an article which tells us: (1st) That dogs are susceptible of presenting the symptoms of mumps; (2d) that the disease is transmissible from dogs to dogs; (3d) that in the sick animal, a microbe is found which grows in the saliva, under the form of a diplostrep- tococcus and is analogous or identical to that which was found in the mumps of human origin in 1895 by Ferré and Busquet in the saliva and in the blood under the form of a diplo- coccus analogous or identical to the one described by La- veran and Catrin in 1893, which they had found in human mumps. Dogs in which the symptoms justified a diagnosis of mumps, always, according to recent observers, had been in con- tact with persons suffering with this peculiar parotiditis. The symptoms which they presented were: Dullness, anorexia, chills, sneezing, and a puffy swelling of the salivary glands on one side, rather painful. This last symptom is of much im- portance for the diagnosis. Several cases are already recorded. Contagion has been proved by the use of a little ball of wadding, which had served to wipe the mouth of a dog diseased. 390 EDITORIAL. Specialists on canine diseases and bacteriologists have now a new good field to observe and investigate. They will no doubt be listened to with attention. * * * GLANDERS is probably the most horrid disease that man can contract from horses, and on that account the recent work of Prof. Galtier, which I find in the Journal de Zodtechnie, will” carry great value. Bearing in mind that the entire organism is infected, and that it is always dangerous to manipulate it without much precaution, yet, notwithstanding that, and with the knowledge of the danger, how many are the fatal accidents by the numerous ways of entrance which are open to the virus either in man or in animals. . Indeed, Prof. Galtier says: ‘‘To better appreciate the ex- tent and the severity of the dangers due to the relations between persons and glanderous animals, either with their cadavers, their remains, or the objects soiled by the virus, it is important to know as exactly as possible the part played in absorption by mucous membranes and by the skin. ‘“ Mucous membranes, intact or slightly irritated, may ab- sorb the glanderous virus which comes in contact with them. This has been seen with the pituitary membrane and with the mucous membrane of the intestines, likewise with the conjunc- tiva and the genital mucous structures. However, abrasions, desquamations, or frictions render the absorption more certain. The conjunctiva, when diseased, injured, irritated or even intact may absorb the virus, and the projections of glanderous sub- stance in the eye or simply touching it with the soiled fingers or impregnated objects is sufficient for infection. ‘In various epochs, I have experimented to appreciate the danger of projections of glanderous virus on the eye, and have used all kinds of virulent products. ‘In a series of seven experiments, which I made in 1894, on some forty-two guinea-pigs, I have seen twenty-two become glanderous ; all had been inoculated on the conjunctiva, with a eT EDITORIAL. 391 loop of platina dipped in a culture of glanders, and had been left without any after-care. “In 1896, in comparative experiments, I observed that the glanderous virus deposited on the pituitary membrane gave rise to the disease oftener than when it was placed on the mu-- cous membrane of the eye. Ten rabbits and ten guinea-pigs which had received it in the nose became diseased, while in a similar number where the eye was inoculated, only three rabbits and six guinea-pigs developed glanders. “In 1899, after an accident, of which I was the victim, I repeated and made more experiments on the absorbing power of the conjunctiva and upon the efficacy of washings with iodur- ated watery solution.”’ In glanders, especially in acute, everything, evezy struc- ture, almost all the liquids, even the blood being virulent, can danger of such contact be exaggerated, and can we ever say too much of the precautions that the practitioner or the bacteriolo- gist must take? No ;—and, yet, if by hazard or by unfortun- ate circumstance, a possibility of inoculation occurs, time must not be lost, and every measure resorted to to destroy the bacillus of Loeffler, which, ifit has a chance, will soon invade the whole organism, which is bound to succumb under its attacks, no matter how high resisting power may be. * * * I HAVE received from my friends in America, papers in which probably interesting subjects were printed, and to which, I sup- pose, the sender desired to call my attention. I take this oppor- tunity to thank my thoughtful colleagues, but must ask them to kindly mark with colored pencil the parts they wish me to look at. Our American journals are quite large, they contain in their numerous pages such a variety of subjects, of news, of information and of advertisements, that it is some times very dif- ficult and not uncommonly impossible to find what one is look- ing for. A little blue or red pencil mark will clez r the subject at once. ag Fs 392 EDITORIAL. ON TO MINNEAPOLIS. When the REVIEW again has the privilege of addressing its readers the minions of the veterinary profession will be in ses- sion at the metropolis of the great Northwest, where they will be in attendance upon the thirty-ninth annual meeting of the American Veterinary Medical Association, the representative organization of the whole profession, in all its phases, and which claims as its adherents every veterinarian who acts up to its tenets in all the Americas, and in all the possessions of the Gov- ernment of the United States wherever situated, from Alaska to the Philippines, and from British Columbia to Patagonia—no matter in what field of veterinary science he may labor, nor whether he be the most distinguished investigator or the hum- blest every-day practitioner. It is quite evident to those who have watched the develop- ment of the programme of the coming meeting—literary, clin- ical and social—that we are on the eve of a very successful meeting, probably the greatest from every point of view that has ever been held. It is a progressive organization, and it should be the most valuable and largest in her history. Every- thing points to a record-breaking attendance this year, and the prospects for additions to the membership in the new territory of the Northwest and Canada are very encouraging. The asso- ciation contains upon its rolls no more able, enthusiastic and energetic members than hail from the State of Minnesota, and the local committee is composed of the flower of its veterinarians, so that we know that the standing invitation to the A. V. M. A. to come to Minneapolis proceeded right from the heart, and now that it is about to throw its tents within her hospitable gates, the National Association can be right sure of a hearty welcome. In the news department of this issue will be found as full a programme as it was possible to obtain up to the hour of going to press; and we submit that it is a very attractive one, con- taining intellectual food for every hungry one, with social ad- mixtures to please all. Through the kindness of Dr. M. H. Reynolds, of the Arrangement Committee, the REVIEW is en- EDITORIAL. 393 abled to present a view of the veterinary hospital of the Univer- sity of Minnesota, where the clinic will be held, and also an in- terior view of the clinic room. From a glance at these pictures it will at once be seen that the A. V. M. A. has never enjoyed such privileges, and it is very much more than probable that - the criticisms formerly heard in reference to the clinical facili- ties at our meetings will be effectually silenced, and that all will agree that the surgical clinic is a grand and permanent section of the annual gatherings. The section of greatest importance, possibly, in an association representing the American veterinary profession will be the broad- er questions involving the progress of the science in a national sense, and there is in the programme no curtailment of the time to be devoted to these great problems. The basis of all advancement rests naturally with the question of education, and so the universi- ties,colleges and examining boards will be reviewed and consid- ered by the lights reflected through their work. State medicine and research work are right in the foreground of our profes- sional life, and there will be present to give them consideration, men who devote their entire lives to these fields. The immen- sity of these subjects renders their consideration practically in- exhaustible, and of course the most pressing questions only can receive consideration. Not the least important is the matter of legislation, of a national character, and the committee having it in charge will give a good account of its steward- ship. Associational progress will also call for earnest consideration, which involves the questions of policy, whereby the greatest good to the largest number can be made to flow from its efforts. With papers upon practical subjects, and other themes of gen- eral interest, one must have the conviction forced upon him that no veterinarian who wishes to keep in the moving column can stay away from this year’s convention except at great loss to himself. The social features of the coming convention promise to make the respite from the routine of professional duties a de- 394 EDITORIAL. lightful diversion, so that the work to be done can be accom- plished under the most pleasant auspices. Get ready for Minneapolis ! WISE AND OTHERWISE. It is regretted by many with whom we have conversed that the Pennsylvania State Association should have felt itself called upon to censure the New York State Association for its method of dealing with one of its members. At the last meeting of the latter association charges were preferred against Secretary Claude D. Morris for his action in connection with the Army Bill before Congress. The Executive Committee received the charges and disposed of them according to the by-laws of the society, which imperatively requires that “any member who shall be deemed . . . unfit for continuing in membership shall be cited to appear at the next regular meeting and show cause why he should not be expelled,” etc. This was plainly the only legal action which the society could take, and the action of the Pennsylvania Association in passing a resolu- tion (printed elsewhere) wherein it ‘‘ regrets and regards with great concern the attitude of the New York State Veterinary Society in continuing to condone this the most flagrant act of treachery in the history of veterinary medicine in America,” is inexplicable and wholly gratuitous, as the Empire State veteri- narians believe themselves perfectly capable of disposing of questions which properly come before it without the advice or sanction of its Pennsylvania brethren. In the discussion of the reports at the meeting of the P. S. V. M. A. (published in the June REVIEW), the Secretary quotes Dr. Hoskins as saying: “The [New York State] Association dilly-dallied with the sub- ject and the main effort seemed to be to avoid the issue, and the question was laid over for one year. He feels the associa- tion should be-censured for its cowardice [italics ours], and will introduce a resolution later to this effect.” In this the speaker has made a misstatement of fact, since the association neither avoided nor attempted to avoid the issue, as it promptly took it EDITORIAL. 395 up and acted upon it calmly, deliberately and legally ; and did not permit itself to become hysterical by inflammatory speeches, such as were uttered at Atlantic City, and when they again meet the subject will be brought up and disposed of according to the by-laws and in the best judgment of the members, irrespec- tive of what a few of the Keystone veterinarians may think. As against this conservative and proper action, our friends who were so hasty and vindictive at Atlantic City may have to re- consider their action, and adopt the same course pursued by the society which has incurred the commiseration of the Pennsylva- nians. NEW JERSEY VETERINARIANS are not satisfied with having driven the legislative nail right into the head ; they have gone around to the other side and clinched it. The recent law se- cured by the State Association regulating and protecting the profession was hardly dry upon the Statute book, when the for- mation of county societies was begun to make sure of its en- forcement. To this end the veterinarians of Passaic county have formed an association, and the record of their organization and first regular meeting is given inthis number. New York State is much in need of just such a spirit, and it is earnestly hoped that her veterinarians may take heart and follow the good ex- ample of New Jersey, now that the way has been blazed. Dr. M. H. REYNOLDS, of the Minnesota Experiment Station, in forwarding an article on ‘‘ Nodule Disease of Sheep” for pub- lication in the REVIEW, remarks: “ This article was written for farmer readers . . . 3; it, however, covers a practical expe- rience which veterinarians in country practice are liable to have at any time, as the disease is becoming very common in this country and is a serious matter for sheepmen.” Our readers will find it in this issue in the department of ‘‘ Original Arti- cles.” “SECTIONAL WORK [in the A. V.M. A.] will come when we have gathered in a large majority of the foremost men in all 396 EDITORIAL. the various lines of our work, and not until then.”—(/ournal for May). We would like to see a list of “‘the foremost men ” whio are outside of the membership of the Association. Is not such an argument sufficiently ridiculous to discount the whole contention of the Journal ? ‘‘PESTE” is described by Dr. Coleman Nockolds, veterinarian U. S. Army, Batangas, P..I., in this number. Such wide spread and rapid depletion of herds of cattle as he tells of can scarcely be imagined, and, while his experience is extremely revolting, it is intensely interesting as a contribution to the clinical history of the most fell-destroyer known in the annals of medicine, the pestilential rinderpest. Drs. ANGLICKER AND SCHUMACHER, of Milwaukee, Wis., report the success of Bassi’s operation for habitual luxation of the patella in a trick pony in this number of the REVIEw, de- partment of ‘“‘ Reports of Cases.” It is extremely interesting, and is considered by the authors as very practical, and one which could well be introduced into general practice. Drs. HUGHES AND BAKER, of Chicago, have issued invita- tions to ail who are likely to go by the “ Veterinary Special ” from Chicago to Minneapolis Monday evening, Sept. 1, to a supper on board the train, which will make the journey a most pleasant and enjoyable occasion. Dr. M. H. Reynolds, of Minneapolis, writes: ‘The local Committee of Arrangements is receiving a great deal of encour- agement concerning the coming meeting of the A. V. M. A., in Minneapolis. Dr. Monsarrat, of Honolulu, has written that he fully expects to be in attendance. He will probably hold the record for distance. What State will have the record for the greatest number of representatives ?”’ Dr. Reynolds suggests the use of simple State badges for those attending the Minneapolis meeting ; something inexpen- sive, to cost only a few cents. THE LIVING AND THE DEAD. 397 OD IGUNAEMAR TICLES: THE LIVING AND THE DEAD: REMINISCENCES OF THE VETERINARY PRACTITIONERS OF FORTY YEARS AGO. ‘ By ONE OF THEM. (Continued Jrom page 299.) ISAIAH MICHENER, V. S. After sixty years of practice, this veteran and pioneer of vet- erinary medicine received at his death, from the two veterinary journals of the country, obituary notices, where all that could be said of him can be found. Hard worker, of superior intelligence, and careful thinker, Michener, as it has been stated, was alsoa self-made veterinarian —which he was justified in being proud of. He held many official positions, we all know, and no one was more deserving or able to fill them. Called to the chair of theory and prac- tice at the organization of the Pennsylvania College of Veterin- ary Surgeons in 1866, he was already somewhat known outside of his State (Pennsylvania) by the action he took as one of the promotors of the Astor House meeting. He, of course, was one of the first to sign the constitution of the U. S. V. M. A. and a close attendant of the meetings, where his appearance, some- what Quakerish in aspect, was always welcome. Dr. Michener wrote quite a number of articles relating to his profession. His pamphlet on the paralysis of the par vagum, to which he attributed the symptoms observed in some manifestations of cerebro-spinal meningitis, was for a long time the subject of many warm discussions at the meetings of the association. He has received a great moral reward for his love and as- siduous labors in behalf of his profession. Three veterinarians began their studies under him. ‘‘ They are my own students,” 398 ONE OF THEM he used to say. Those veterinarians have all made their marks in the profession—Charles B. Michener, one of his sons; A. A. Holcombe, and M. R. Trumbower. Each one has done well and their old first master could of just right be proud of their successes. ‘ Isaiah Michener was rather peculiar in some of his ideas, and, unless we knew him imperfectly, he has appeared to tus as being slow or perhaps unwilling to accept new ideas, new theo- ries or new instruments. We remember a story about him, which occurred many years ago, when his son, Charles B., was attending a veterinary college in New York. The old gentleman had called at the time an examination was being made of a sick horse. The veterinarian who was making it and taking the temperature with a thermometer, in turning round to shake hands, saw him laughing and making fun. ‘‘ What,” said Michener, ‘“ thou also make use of those little glass tubes?” At the answer given him, that it was the only sure way to measure the temperature and judge of the fever, he added: ‘: Well, I don’t believe it ; I do not use it, and I depend entirely on my hend, which will not deceive me.” We feel sure that before a long time had elapsed, and after he had had opportunities to use the thermom- eter and see its advantages, he was not so certain of the infalli- bility of his feelings with the hand, to detect a dropping ora rising of fever heat of one degree or a fraction. * ‘ * THOMAS B. RHODES. Does this man deserve to be placed here? No; and yet he played such an important part in the veterinary practice of forty years ago, in New York City, that he can scarcely be entirely ignored. He was an Englishman, and the legend had it that all of his connection with the veterinary profession consisted in having been a stable boy with some celebrated English practitioner. At any rate, in 1860 he was in New York enjoying the largest ese THE LIVING AND THE DEAD. 399 practice one could dream of. There was not a firm with horses which did not employ him, and his services (?) were demanded from all the stage companies which ran through New York. He went to private stables, to large and small establishments— in fact, everywhere,—he was the lion of veterinary medicine. And, yet, the man was of the utmost ignorance. Could he read? I doubt it. Could he write? Ido not know. In ap- pearance he was small and of rather repulsive manners ; he was always dirty, with his clothes full of blood or of stable marks, -which seemed to be for him a means of advertising. And, yet, strange to say, he had in the lower part of the western section of New York an infirmary which was kept as many of those of our present day are not. At the foot of Jane street he had an immense wooden build- ing, divided into large airy box-stalls, with plenty of fresh bed- ding always, and kept as clean as he, the “doc,” was dirty. He had made there an office, where, with few instruments, in good order, with fewer books, he had collected a certain number of specimens, which he exhibited dry or kept in clean glass jars, and with which, with most absurd stories, he related fantastic illustrations of his skill, and, of course, of his wonderful success. I remember one day he had invited several members of the U. S. V. M. A. to come and visit his infirmary. We all went, and when in his office, C. M. Wood, the mischief-maker of the crowd, detected in one corner on a high shelf close to the ceil- ing a large jar, in which was floating, hanging, a small body whose form he was unable to make out. He called one of the stablemen to bring it down for our examination. It proved to be a small fish hanging by the tail, the jar being labelled: ‘“‘ This fish I removed from the uterus of a mare.” After this, Rhodes never invited any more veterinarians to Jane street. It is useless to say that Rhodes was not a member of the U.S. V. M. A. It was good fortune for the association, as he might have called at the first meeting, and it would have been difficult to refuse him membership. Rhodes hung on to his success for awhile, but by degrees his 400 ONE OF THEM, bad habits took the best of him ; he gradually lost his practice, and, if my memory serves me right, died in want. * s K WILLIAM SAUNDERS, V. 8S. When Saunders signed the constitution and by-laws of the U. S. V. M. A. at its organization, he was already 46 years old. Having come to America from England, where he was born, accompanying his father, also a veterinarian, he was nothing of a student, and, although he met with a certain amount of suc- cess, he was inclined to be arbitrary under favorable conditions. : According to some who knew him well, he was a patronizer well marked, rather liberal and of good judgment, but his mind was made up quickly without resorting to the ordinary way of arriving at conclusions, and yet not without a certain amount of self-confidence. ‘I cannot see that this horse trots lame,” he used to say, “‘ but I can hear him.” This fault of his he certainly communicated to some of his students. He, however, did not accept it with them, but, on the contrary, would ridicule them. I remember one instance of a story he was fond of repeating at some of the last meetings he was with us. One of his so-called students, then raised to the dignity of practitioner, was one day with him, a certain Mr. Corie teat: , and to him Saunders asked an opinion on a case of lameness. C.... .wasasmall, insignificant, and, of course, conceited fellow, more fond of smoking either good or bad cigars than of reading a scientific book. He was too happy to express his opinion on a case of lameness when his old teacher asked for it. The horse was brought out of the stable and as he started to move, before he had trotted more than a hundred 51/2 (03 (We Oo Ro turned on his heels, and chewing a cigar big- ger than himself (said Saunders), exclaimed but one word to explain his diagnosis—‘ Navzc,” said he. If we remember rightly, the horse had not navicular disease, but the name ‘eNaviertistuek t0.C ine sre thereafter. Wm. Saunders was of a lymphatic temperament, not fond of reading nor of studying, and in his professional life THE LIVING AND THE DEAD. 401 depended largely on his experience to carry him through. As an individual he was very congenial, quite agreeable and very friendly. He had been connected with free masonry for many years, belonged to several lodges, and had served in the militia of the State. Speaking of him, one of our mutual friends writes : ‘Nothing to extenuate, nor aught set down in malice. ‘“W.S. was a good practitioner of medicine. He was safe, had great power of observation, and learned rapidly from that source. He had commercial faculties largely developed, and always had a large business. “He was a great favorite with almost every one he met, and was generous and genial, every day. People employed him who recognized him as a man of no great education, and they made no mistake in doing so, for their interests were safe in his hands and his judgment in general practice was good. “He has never been a studious person. It was easy to recognize that. But his manners and dignified appear- ance carried him along, and it was fair flood tide with him always. “ Rvery man finds material enough to build with, whether it be foundation or superstructure, roadway or building, but it is hard and a chance for him to select the proper material which shall serve him in building a character and career for himself. And the thought will arise often that the easiest road is the best to choose. ““Napoleons, Czesars and Wellingtons are few!—So are Websters, Holmeses, and Emersons ! ‘But does it pay to strive ? How few attain ? How many of the ambitious fall short of their aspirations ? ““T say nothing whatever of W. Saunders, except that he was of that large class, the unlimited majority who choose the easy roadway, and in saying that I hope I have not failed to ap- preciate all that was pleasant, sociable and companionable in my intercourse with him.” 402 ONE OF THEM. JOSIAH. HesSTICKNEY, M.D. MOR. Cave Si Who in the profession does not know Joe Stickney—the clever, highly-educated, thorough diagnostician? At our meet- ings, we believe, he was the oldest practitioner of veterinary medicine. ‘To Boston, whence he went to London to graduate, he returned to practice, and was there with Mr. Lillyman, the only graduate in Massachusetts. He from the start made his mark among his brother practitioners, lectured at Amherst on veterinary topics, and when the U. S. V. M. A. was organized, as a token of appreciation, he was unanimously elected the first president of the new-born professional body. Dr. Stickney, for he had before going to England taken his degree of M. D., was in 1860 a very active man, always ready for a scientific discussion, a consultation or a doubtful diagno- sis to settle. He was most hospitable to his friends, and always preparing for their reception some gay entertainments, especially for the semi-annual meetings of the association, which were held in Boston. Some few may remain of those days; if there are any, they may recollect the long drive he gave us to his father’s home, one of the most beautiful spots around Boston, through- roads lined with old trees, many loaded with fruit. At the end of the drive we had a charming collation. But after pleasure, work must come. There was a doubtful case of lameness; a general consultation was to be held, and each one must express his opinion on a piece of paper and throw it ina hat. One of us, ‘‘ Frenchy,” as he was nicknamed, in examining the horse, made a motion which made the horse jump, and one of his feet crushed the toes of our friend by stepping upon them. The in- jury was not severe, but the sarcasm that befell our dear for- eigner served him a good lesson in making him more careful afterwards. It is strange, but that was the last of our pleasant excursions at those meetings. At the time of our writing the above Dr. Stickney was, thanks to God, yet among the living members of the U. S. V. M. A., and with the good constitution he had, there was no rea- THE LIVING AND THE DEAD. 403 son to suppose that, notwithstanding his age, he would not stay long with us; but the Great Ruler of all things decided differ- ently, and a few days before accomplishing his 75 years, he died in his native place, Boston, at his a/ma mater, where he grad- uated in 1858. From one of his intimate friends we have received the fol- lowing : ‘‘ Here was a character, to contemplate and understand which would require greater capacity than I am possessed of. He was one of the fairest intellectual attainments, of the deepest and largest beauty of character; a thinker, a reasoner, a fair oppo- nent, a gentleman—a whole gentleman. “During 40 years that I was accustomed to meet him daily, I never found him other than brotherly, fatherly. Among my recollections of occasions in which we both participated, and of all our associations together, I find in his memory extreme joy, a source of satisfaction. Asa scholar, a great thinker, in the ordinary course of my life I have failed to find a superior. He was modest and yet forceful, unassuming and yet confident, generous and self-sacrificing beyond measure.” A student and friend to the last moments of Josiah Stick- ney, writes of him: “Original in a very marked degree, his mission was to aid the profession, and with her, in spite of his failings, he never was at odds. A tireless practitioner and close student to the end. The last remarks he made to me in the hospital, the Sunday before he died, were: ‘Interesting cases come to us about the time we are ready to die.’ He was studying and thinking of the interest of his own case. “ Stickney was bitter against opportunism, distrustful of all that were patronizing ; he was caustic and quick in his replies, and never given to idle talk. Honest with himself, he com- manded the respect of all, éven of those who disagreed with him. “J heard him remark on different occasions : ‘If you accept a position or a case, you are supposed to know about it. D 404 ONE OF THEM. the man whose opinion is biased by his followings. Did you ever see a similar case? No! Why in h— do you not read your text books?’ ” Such expressions of appreciation from friends tell much of the value of that old veterinarian. (To be continued.) To Srupy TUBERCULOSIS— VETERINARIANS TAKE A PROM- INENT PART.—At the recent aunual meeting of the American Medical Association, which convened at the United States Hotel, Saratoga Springs, on June Io, in the “Section in Hy- giene and Sanitary Science,” Dr. D. E. Salmon, of the Bureau of Animal Industry, presented a paper on “ Recent Investiga- tions Concerning the Relation of Human and Bovine Tubercu- losis”; Dr. R. R. Dinwiddie, of Fayetteville, Ark., also dealt with the same subject under the title of ‘‘ The Intertransmissi- bility of Human and Bovine Tuberculosis: A Review of the Experimental Evidence,” while the theme was further elabo- rated by Dr. M. P. Ravenal, of Philadelphia. At the close of the discussion a resolution was passed suggesting that the asso- ciation petition the federal government to appoint a commission, similar to those appointed by European governments, for the purpose of studying and investigating the whole subject, with a view to the discovery of the best means of preventing the spread of the disease in man and animals. Srock DyING FROM LACK OF WATER.—Dr. Leslie Allen, inspector on the staff of Col. Albert Dean, live stock agent in charge at Kansas City for the Bureau of Animal Industry, has just returned to Kansas City from a trip into New Mexico and Arizona, whither he had journeyed to inspect cattle sold for shipment North. He states in a published interview that water has been so scarce there for a long time that cattle are dying by hundreds for want of it and that all those able to do so have moved their stock out of the stricken region. This region in- cludes, according to Dr. Allen, the southern half of Arizona, the southern half of New Mexico and the old Mexican States of Chihuahua and Sonora. In parts of this district, he says also, sheep are dying by thousands and it is well known that sheep can live on much less water than cattle.-—(Breeder’s Gazette, June 4.) THERE are 38,000,000 horses of all kinds in Russia. MORPHOLOGY OF THE BACILLUS OF TETANUS. 405 A BACILLUS LIABLE TO BE MISTAKEN, MORPHO- LOGICALLY, FOR THE BACILLUS OF TETANUS. By FRED F. BUSHNELL, B. AGR., WINSTED, CONN. The morphology of the bacillus of tetanus has been quite generally considered sufficiently characteristic to be of specific value. Because of its anzrobic nature, its isolation in pure culture is attended with much difficulty, a condition which has doubtless heightened the importance of its morphology, in its specific determination. As in practice the diagnosis of tetanus is usually made from the appearance of the bacillus in cover- glass preparations, made from the scrapings of wounds suspected of being infected; the finding of pseudo-tetanus bacilli intro- duces an element of uncertainty in the interpretation of the ap- pearance of organisms, morphologically like B. ¢etanz. In 1893, Sanfaliece described a tetanus-like bacillus which he found in earth. Kruse describes a bacillus under the name B. pseudo tetanus erobius, morphologically like that of tetanus, which he obtained by Kitasato’s method, from a case of tetanus in man. Von Lubiniskii isolated from an abscess an organism which morphologically resembles that of tetanus, and more re- cently a tetanus-like organism was obtained from a blank cart- ridge wound from a patient in the Massachusetts General Hos- pital, by Bain. In the fall of 1901, I found in the pus’ discharging from the lesion in a case of poll-evil a bacillus which on account of its morphological resemblance to ZB. ¢etan7 seems to be worthy of a somewhat careful description. The patient from which this organism was obtained was a brown mare, weighing about a 1000 pounds. She was presented at the college clinic for treat- ment for a fistula upon the poll. The lesion was apparently of long standing, as pus of a dirty white color and of a very foctid odor was discharging from it. There were a number of scars about the fistula, showing that the animal had previously been operated upon, apparently with- 406 F. F. BUSHNELL. out success. After the part had been thoroughly washed with soap and water, and carefully disinfected with sublimate solu- tion (I-1000) a small piece of skin was taken from the external opening of the fistula, placed in a sterile test tube and taken to the laboratory, where tubes of bouillon were inoculated and agar plate cultures were made. On the following day the cultures contained a micrococcus, a streptococcus and a slender rod shaped organism with a polar spore, which at the first glance appeared to be that of tetanus. As it seemed to be a very un- usual place to find the tetanus bacillus and as the patient im- proved very rapidly, showing no symptoms of tetanus, it seemed desirable to isolate the organism and to determine its characters. This bacillus, which, in the beginning, was thought to be an- eerobic, grew very rapidly under erobic conditions in the. pres- ence of the other organisms found associated with it in the lesion. Under these conditions, spores were produced in from 24-36 hours. When it was first isolated in pure culture, it failed to grow in ordinary media, under zrobic conditions, however, after inoculating a tube about two-thirds filled with liquid blood serum, the growth took place after several days. The fact to be noted here is, that while the organism is almost a strict anzerobe, yet under certain conditions it will multiply in the presence of oxygen. In isolating this bacillus, plate cultures in agar were made without success, on account of a spreading growth, which cov- ered the medivin. ‘Liborius’ method of cultivating anerobic organisms was tried in agar, also cultures were heated to 60-65 and 70° C. for 15 minutes, but without success, as it did not de- stroy the accompanying bacteria. Finally as a last resort a guinea- pig was inoculated subcutaneously with one cubic centimeter of the original bouillon culture ; the animal died after 21 days. Cultures were made from the liver, spleen and heart blood, in tubes of bouillon and liquid blood serum. The organism ap- peared only in the tube of blood serum, which was inoculated from the liver, and upon examination it was found to be in pure culture. MORPHOLOGY OF THE BACILLUS OF TETANUS. 407 Morphology.—A very slender bacillus, with rounded ends and varying in length from 2.44 and o.5 in breadth. It may appear as a single rod, in pairs or in threes. In young cultures it is actively motile. It produces a polar spore, which is slightly more oval and larger than that of the bacillus of teta- - nus. When first isolated the spores developed in from 7-10 days, but after several generations on artificial media they ap- peared regularly in from 48 to 72 hours. No capsule was ob- served. It stains readily with carbol fuchsin, but not so easily with the other bacterial stains, except, perhaps, in very young cultures. It decolorizes when treated after the Gram method. The spores survive heating at 80° C. for 45 minutes. They are destroyed when heated at 100° C. for 20 minutes. It is an anzerobe but a facultative zrobe, growing rather slowly in the incubator at the temperature of 37° C. in ordinary tubes of agar and bouillon, while in media containing one per cent. glucose, the growth is much more rapid. Agar.—In stab cultures, after 24-36 hours, a minute, gray- ish white growth develops along the needle tract and gradually extends laterally into the medium, presenting a very irregular border, which imparts to the medium a hazy appearance. The growth is more vigorous in agar containing one per cent. glu- cose. On agar a grayish white growth appears. In deep cultures (Liborius’ method) containing one per cent. glucose numerous whitish colonies develop. When isolated, the col- onies are round, with an opaque center and presenting a fuzzy and not well defined margin. Under the microscope the col- onies are round and have a dirty whitish color, granular, with a dark center and poorly defined margin. ‘The isolated colonies in agar plates vary from 1-2 mm. in diameter; they present a fuzzy margin, are friable and can be easily separated from the medium. No odor was detected. Gelatin.—In this medium the growth is feeble, appearing in the stab cultures in from 7 to 10 days. The growth appears along the needle tract as minute, spherical, white colonies, which seem to be distinctly separate from each other 408 F. F. BUSHNELL. There is no softening or liquifaction of the medium. Blood Serum.—On the solid medium, the growth is confined beneath the condensation liquid, appearing asa dark greenish color, which has a slight tendency to soften the medium. In the liquid serum the growth is very feeble and no marked change in appearance occurs, except, perhaps, it turns to a slightly darker color. A sediment appears in the bottom of the tube. Potato.—The growth on this medium is feeble. It is non- viscid, moist, glistening and of a dirty white color. Bourllon.—In the course of 36 to 48 hours, the alkaline bouillon becomes faintly clouded with flocculent masses held in suspension. A white viscid sediment appears at the bottom of the tube. A very delicate pellicle is formed upon the surface in from 56-72 hours later; the surface pellicle breaks up and settles and a ring of whitish deposit is found on the inside of the tube at the surface of the medium. ‘The chemical reac- tion of the bouillon remains unchanged and no odor was de- tected. Effect on Sugars.—In the fermentation tubes containing glucose, lactose and saccharose bouillon, there is a moderate growth ; the bouillon becoming faintly cloudy in both the closed branch and the open bulb, with a marked acid reaction in each. Gas is not produced. Milk.—There is no precipitation or coagulation of the casein. There is no change except in the chemical reaction, which be- comes more acid. Indol.—No indol reaction was obtained. Pathogenesis.— Although the guinea-pig that was inoculated from the original bouillon culture died after 21 days, subsequent inoculation from a pure culture gave negative result. For convenience in comparing the properties of the bacillus of tetanus, the pseudo-tetanus bacillus of Bain and the organ- ism which J have described, I have arranged them in like order in the following table: MORPHOLOGY OF THE BACILLUS OF TETANUS. 409 B. Tetani, tr Slender rod shaped organism with rounded ends. 4-54 in length and 0.4 broad. 2. Motile though not actively so. 3. Obligate an- robe. 4. Spores are not killed by exposure of one hour at 80°C. 5. Liquifies gela- tin slowly. 6. Does not grow well on blood serum, occasionally report- ed to liquify serum. 7. Stains with or- dinary anilin dyes and does not decol- orize by Gram’s method. 8. Kills guinea- pigs in 24-36 hours. g. Gelatin is slow- ly liquified and a small amount of gas is produced. to. Grows best in medium of a slightly alkaline reaction. Pi. spores are formed in 30 hours. Spores are spherical. Pseudo-Tetanus (Bain), 1. Aslender bacil- lus with rounded ends, variable in length and about 0.5 thick. 2. Non-motile. a Obligate ance- robe. 4. Spores survive heating at 80° C. for 30 minutes. 5. Does not liquify gelatin. 6. Grows readily on blood serum and the medium is slow- ly liquified and a peculiar foul odor is developed. 7. Stains readily in young cultures and decolorizes by Gram’s method. Tetanus-like bacillus from pus {Poll evil). 1. Slender rod- shaped bacillus with rounded ends, in length from 2-41," about 0 54 thick. 2. Actively motile in young cultures. 3. Anzrobe and facultative cerobe. 4. Spores are de- stroyed at 100° C. for 20 minutes. 5. Does not liqui- fy gelatin. 6. Does not grow readily in blood se- rum and does not liquify it. 7. Stains well with carbol fuchsin, but not readily with other stains except in young cultures. It decolorizes by Gram’s method, : 8. Does not kill guinea-pigs. g. Produces small amount of gas in glucose bouillon. to. Grows best on slightly acid media. Rr. 8. Does not kill guinea-pigs. g. Ferments sug- ars, forming acids but not producing gas. 10, Grows best in acid media. [rs (operes) are formed in from 56- 72 hours. Spores are slightly oval and larger. 410 F. F. BUSHNELL. From the description of the various properties of the bacillus which I have described, it will be observed that it differs from the bacillus of tetanus in certain very important properties and characters, namely, (1) it is facultative cerobe ; (2) it is actively motile in young cultures ; (3) it does not liquify gelatin ; (4) it does not take the Gram stain, and (5) it is non-pathogenic for guinea-pigs. Although morphologically it resembles the bacil- lus of tetanus, the elongated and slightly pointed form, which its spores usually assume, together with its cultural differences and non-pathogenic effect on guinea-pigs are sufficient to differ- entiate it from ZB. ¢etanz. The close resemblance which exists between these organisms, however, emphasizes the fact that in certain cases it may be im- possible to make a positive diagnosis of tetanus from a micro- scopic examination. In cases of doubt, a careful examination of the cultural and pathogenic properties of the suspected or- ganism must be determined, otherwise a serious error may occur. This organism was found in a somewhat interesting manner in a second case of inflammation. One of the students working in the laboratory found his bouillon cultures to be contaminated with a tetanus-like organism. Upon making a careful inquiry into its probable source I found that the student having the contaminated culture was at the time attending a case of me- tritis in a mare, a patient in the college hospital. Further ob- servation showed that there was a discharge from the vagina, from which cultures were made. These contained with other bacteria an organism which morphologically could not be dis- tinguished from the one which I had previously isolated from the case of poll-evil. The fact suggests that probably this or- ganism is quite widely distributed. ‘“RASHIONS IN HORSE BONNETS” was the title of a large illustration in the New York Hera/d’s Paris letter of July 5. The familiar types seen in the streets of Gotham in the torrid parts of summer seemed to be the rage among the Parisian modistes. ‘* PESTE.’’ 411 ‘SPESTE.”* By COLEMAN NOCKOLDs, M. D., V.S., VET. 1st-CLass, U. S. Army, BATANGAS, P. I. During the month of April, because of frequent reports, I was ordered by my regimental commander to investigate and report upon a disease that existed and was decimating the cat- tle and pigs on the island of Maranduque, eight hours’ journey by steam launch from this post. After reporting to the com- manding officer of the 30th Infantry, stationed at Boac, one of the garrisons on the island, and obtaining ponies, native guides, provisions, etc., I proceeded to visit the different haciendas around the coast and in the interior. To my inquiries it was always the same answer : ‘Si, Sefior, I had plenty of cattle, but they are all dead now.’”’ One man, who counted over two thou- sand a month before, could now count twenty; another who had fifty, now had but one left. The barrio of Garsau, which boasted of having five hundred fine working caribou and oxen, had just four left. As for sick animals, there were none; the plague had come and gone; what few cattle there were left were either rendered immune by a previous attack or had recovered. Nothing that I had ever seen resembled the existing conditions as much as the drought of 1890 in Western Texas, when one could walk long distances on dead cattle that had died around the dried-out water-holes. One had only to ride to the top of a knoll in Maranduque to see hundreds of dead cattle; especially were they thick near streams, where the poor fever-stricken beasts had wandered in search of water. The stench in places was unbearable, and it was often necessary to hold a handker- chief over your nose for miles; the water in all the streams is contaminated ; it smells bad, and is full of hairs; even after seeing some boiled, and putting in lots of coffee, I vomited and was sick for twenty-four hours from drinking it; yet the na- tives have to use it. Cocoa-water furnished me with drink dur- ing the rest of the time I was away from post. Unfortunately * Tagalog for the disease described. 412 COLEMAN NOCKOLDS. I was unable to see a single sick animal during the two weeks there, but have no doubt from what the natives said that the trouble was rinderpest. The ultimate results of the outbreak are of course no meat supply ; but, what is far more important, loss of the only beasts of burden that the Filipino has. The cat- tle and caribou are used to till and plough the rice fields and draw their carts; the carts are pulled by men, and the fields are untilled, cutting off the food supply to a people who are already much impoverished by a long continued war, and now cholera has stepped in to collect its tribute. Upon my return to Ba- tangas Province, I found that rinderpest had broken out near the post at which my regiment is stationed ; it is three years since it decimated the animals here before. At present it exists in the provinces of Batangas, Cavité and Tayabas, and perhaps up north. It also exists in the islands of Mindoro, Mindanoa and Samar and all through the south part of Luzon. I have been able to observe animals from the time of ex- posure until death ; so will briefly run over the chief facts. I believe the period of incubation to average about one week, and its course about the same length of time. Some ani- mals die in a few hours, but they are exceptions, as the average die in about seven days after the acute symptoms manifest them- selves. Among animals that have died during this epizootic are cattle, caribou, pigs, sheep, and goats. I also saw a num- ber of dead deer in Maranduque, which no doubt succumbed to rinderpest. A large number of chickens have also died, but whether due to this disease or some other I do not know. About one week after exposure there is a marked rise of tem- perature, 42-43 C. The animals refuse food, but are veiy thirsty ; there is constipation, followed by profuse diarrhea, which is often bloody; the pulse is small and fast. Debility comes on quickly, and the animal lays down most of the time. The coat is dull and bristling and the ears hang down. Muzzle dry, rumination stopped, and back arched whilst standing. There is a sticky, purulent discharge from the eyes and nose, a frothy discharge from the mouth. The mucous membranes SGpESim ce 413 of the mouth, nose, anus and vagina are inflamed and blotched with red swellings or ulcerations. The cattle and caribou lose their hair about the fifth or sixth day. All the usual signs of an intense fever are apparent. Pregnant females abort. In some cases the brain is affected and the animals become violent as if mad. The symptoms are much the same in the pig and other animals. Those that recover are evidently immune from other attacks. From a number of cultures which I made from blood, fluid in the abdominal cavity, spleen, liver and intestines, the ap- pearances are as follows: Agar-agar.—In 24 hours a growth of white flakes, more pronounced on the surface than down the track of the needle, resembling pieces of felt, clearly separated from each other. In 48 hours those upon the surface turn an orange yellow. Under the microscope these are seen to contain spores of an oval shape, often in pairs and chains. Upon potato the growth is whitish at the point of contact surrounded by a thick slate-colored mould, plainly visible after six hours, and spreading very quickly. This contains bacilli single and in chains from %4 to 1% micrometers in length and Yg in width, all encapsulated* and some containing what are evidently spores. On coco media in 24 hours a whitish growth containing black specks; in 48 hours this growth sinks to the bottom ; this contains bacilli resembling those found on the potato. All stained easily with simple stains. Because of the climate was unable to use bouillon. Two horses that were inoculated with blood and culture showed no symptoms of disease. Autopsy.—Macroscopically the organs that are most con- spicuously altered anatomically are the liver and rumen. The former is of light red color (brick) and extraordinarily soft, re- sembling pulp. The gall-bladder is full of thin bile, and the latter, the mucous membrane of which almost falls off by its own weight when that organ is turned inside out, leaving red 414 COLEMAN NOCKOLDS. ulcerated patches ; in rare cases the spleen is enlarged and its contents are softer than normal. ‘The intestinal tract shows more or less ulcers in its entire length; there are dark spots on its serous membrane. ‘The buccal membrane, tongue, and mu- cous membranes of the nose, vagina, and rectum are ulcerated ; these ulcers are often covered with a greyish membrane. The glands of the stomach and intestines are swollen and the rectum bulges. The other organs, as the heart, kidneys and lungs, show the usual characteristics caused by intense elevation of temperature. The pericardium is often plum-colored. The thighs are covered with feeces, blood, and a peculiar purulent dis- charge from the rectum, and a frothy substance, full of cheesy- looking flakes, block up and exude from the nostrils and mouth. The native treatment consists of cutting off the ears close to the head. Among others that I heard of carrying out the treat- ment of rinderpest was one hospital corps man recently dis- charged, who was selling bottles of medicine at $10 each. One Manila veterinarian was sending out boxes of pills, very much resembling aloetic balls, discarded because of becoming hard, at $10 a box. The commanding officer at Boac informed me that a man who was employed by the quartermaster as a veterinarian was sent down from Manila to investigate for the civil government just lately that had been employed as packer and scout, a call- ing which he had followed for many years, and which had earned for him the nick name of ‘‘ Wild Bill.” Idid not hear the result of his investigations. The same officer related that an acting assistant surgeon, U.S. A., had manufactured a serum which he sold at one hundred dollars a bottle, to prove the ef- ficiency of which he inoculated six cattle, which were healthy, and in a district that had hitherto been free from disease. Not - only did the six die, but the whole district became infected with rinderpest ; yet, many natives that had the money, bought; but then the native Filipinos are ready to buy almost anything that is American, and they make typical victims for sharks. Personally I have done nothing more than investigate as or- ‘CpRsTE.? 415 dered, and with making my official report, in which I have asked that this matter be brought to the notice of the proper authorities, whom I presume to be my confréres of the A. B. I. My duty is done. I sincerely hope something will be done soon for the sake of the people, who are, and will necessarily suffer severely from the effects of this dread calamity, and under the existing conditions naturally look for the Americans to help them out in this disease of cattle, as they have done with small pox among themselves. THE first sealed thermometer was made some time prior to 1654 by Ferdinand the Second, Grand Duke of Tuscany; he filled the bulb and part of the tube with alcohol, and then sealed the tube by melting the glass tip. There appears to be consid- erable doubt as to who first employed mercury as the thermom- etric liquid ; the Academia del Cimento used such an instru- ment in 1657, and they were known in Paris in 1659. Fahren- heit, however, appears to have been the first to construct, in 1714, mercury thermometers having trustworthy scales. The use of the boiling point of water was suggested by Carlo Renald- ini in 1694.—L7g7neer. WAS A JACKASS.—Here is a true story. An amateur was induced to place a ten-dollar bet with a bookmaker, and won $25. This pleased himso much that he placed the $25 with the bookmaker on the next heat. He won again. The third heat he played all his roll, amounting to $60 or $70, and lost, whereupon he fell over in a dead faint. His brother, who chanced to be present, ran for a doctor, and asking him to make haste, as he imagined his brother was dying. “‘Iama veterinary surgeon,” the doctor said. ‘‘ You are just the man I am looking for,’ the man replied excitedly, ‘‘as my brother is a jackass.” —(.Spzret of the Times.) JoHN HAINES, in Aorse-Shoers’ Journal, says 99 out of every 100 balky horses can be started by simply raising a foot and with a hammer give a light tap to each nail-head and then a smart rap on the frog; put the foot down quickly, and chirp to the horse. The driver must keep the lines taut, and not pull or jerk the horse. Do NOT PUNISH YOUR HORSE unless you are sure that he deserves it. If you have the least doubt whether he deserves it or not, give the horse the benefit of the doubt. 416 M. H. REYNOLDS. AN EXPERIENCE WITH NODULE DISEASE OF SHEEP.* By Dr. M. H. REYNOLDS, EXPERIMENT STATION, ST. ANTHONY PARK, MINN. Fiistory.—In the fall of 1900, Mr. A. W., a farmer in the western portion of the state, had a nice flock of 260 sheep, and plenty of winter feed. The summer pasture had been short and water somewhat scarce, so that the sheep were compelled to feed very close to the ground and to drink from a pond which became very stagnant. This pond receives drainage from the barn yard and also to some extent from the pasture, a significant fact in view of later developments. The sheep were somewhat crowded while in the barn, but had plenty of good feed and plenty of yard room. | During the winter the flock became unthrifty; some indi- viduals grew gradually thinner and weaker until a total of 61 died in this way during the late winter and early spring. As soon as the grass came and the sheep were turned out they be- gan to do better and the disease seemed to disappear. The feed during the winter had been nice, bright millet hay, fine wild ‘hay, good corn fodder, and during the latter part of the winter the sheep had some screenings and some corn, but they did poorly in spite of good feed, and, ofcourse, the owner had a poor lambing season in the spring, which added materially to his loss. In the fall of 1901, Mr. W—— had about 240 sheep in this flock, apparently in fairly good condition. During the late win- ter the flock became unthrifty again. The barn had been en- larged during the preceding summer and the sheep were no longer crowded. There was plenty of choice millet hay, good corn fodder with some nubbins, nice bright wild hay, all of which were fed generously, together with some screenings dur- ing the latter part of the winter and early spring. Some of the animals grew very thin and weak, and finally they began to die as during the previous winter. A total of 55 were lost in this way up to the time of my visit, a large proportion of them dur- * Reprinted from 7e Farmer, Minnesota. NODULE DISEASE OF SHEEP. 41% ing March and the early part of April. During the previous summer the pasture had been good; but the sheep had been allowed to drink from the stagnant pond already mentioned as receiving drainage from the barnyard and to some extent from the pasture, over which the affected sheep had grazed. Early in April the writer visited Mr. W——’s farm, and found the entire flock in very unthrifty condition, but with every evidence of good feed and good shelter. A few hungry little lambs were following their apparently half-starved moth- ers, and the general outlook was not encouraging. Two ani- mals were selected as being typical of those that had died, and were examined post-mortem. ‘The intestines in each case were found thickly studded with characteristic nodules of what is known as nodule disease. Cause of the Disease.—The disease is caused by a minute round worm (Oesophagostoma Columbianum). The adult worms described are about half an inch in length and may be found in the intestines, and particularly in the large ones. The immature forms vary from I-100 to 1-6 of an inch in length, de- pending on the age and stage of development, and are found in- side of the little nodules which constitute the most prominent feature of the disease seen on examination post-mortem. The life history of this parasite is-now quite well understood, al- though the disease has been recognized but a comparatively short time. The eggs are laid by the adult female in the intes- tine. The eggs soon hatch, and the embryo worms pass in some way through the internal lining of the intestine, and becomes embedded there, giving rise as foreign bodies to the little tum- ors or nodules which nature throws -around them, evidently in an attempt to fence them off. They must cause some irrita- tion as foreign bodies, and this irritation will account for the little tumors which are found on the side of the intestine. Some of the adult worms pass out with the manure, and thus infect the pastures and feed yards, ponds or sluggish streams which receive their drainage, as in the outbreak de- scribed in this article. 418 M. H. REYNOLDS. The extent of injury to the individual sheep depends mainly upon the number of worms present, and the condition of the sheep as to vitality and resisting power. There may be some- thing of an inflammation of the bowels while the young worms are passing through the lining of the intestine, but the main injury is that of starvation. So large a portion of the bowel is diseased by the parasites when they are present in great num- ber that there is not enough healthy tissue to absorb the food inaterial. A badly infested sheep may have plenty of good food and yet be too weak to eat it, or if able to eat, he may still be starving because the intestinal wall cannot take up the food that may be ready for absorption. Older sheep suffer worse, as a rule, because the longer an in- fected animal lives the worse the intestines become diseased by the parasites. Diagnosis can only be made by finding the characteristic nodules in an examination of the dead animal, for sheep infested with some other diseases, especially parasitic diseases, show similar symptoms and conditions during life. Treatment.—Prevention.—lt is probable that but little can be accomplished by medical treatment, because the worms, dur- ing a large part of their life history, are safely walled up in these nodules and beyond the reach of any medical agent. In dealing with a serious outbreak of this disease 1t should be re- membered that infested flocks usually do fairly well during the summer and early fall months. Ifa flock is badly infested with nodule disease, it will generally prove good management to nurse the flock through until spring, then depend on getting the sheep into shape for market during the summer and sell out for butcher stock in the early fall. Such sheep are entirely fit for food purposes when in good flesh. A new start may then be made with a good prospect of success if certain care is had to avoid another general flock infection. The new sheep should be purchased from a flock that has been thrifty during two previous late winters and early springs, aud they should be kept for two seasons on sume other pasture NODULE DISEASE OF SHEEP, 419 than the one previously used. It will be better still if the flock can be kept part of the season on pasture and part of the season on plowed corps, e. ¢., rape, sorghum, field peas or meadow land that has not recently been used for sheep pasture. The new flock must not be allowed to drink from any pond or sluggish stream that has received drainage from the infested pasture or barn yard. With a view to preventing this and other parasitic diseases in the future, the flock should not be kept too long on one pas- ture, but should be moved about from pasture to pasture ; and from pasture to stubblefields, cut-over meadow, rape, etc. Slug- gish streams and ponds should be regarded with suspicion always. It is possible to practically rid a flock of nodule disease by following this course of shifting the flock about for several years, plowing up pastures occasionally and using plowed crops, but in most cases, with the exception of valuable sheep, par- ticularly breeding flocks, it will usually be found more satisfac- tory to change the entire flock on the plan suggested. 420 J. F, BUTTERFIELD. CALCULI, AND A NEW MODE OF OPERATING. By J. F. BUTTERFIELD, V. S., S. MONTROSE, PA. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Pennsylvania State Veterinary Medical As- sociation, March 4 and 5, 1902. Calculi are concretions which may form in every part of the animal body, but are most frequently found in the organs that act as reservoirs, and in the excretory canals. They are met with in the joints, biliary ducts, digestive passages, lachrymal ducts, mammee, pancreas, pineal gland, prostate, lungs, sali- vary, spermatic and urinary passages. The causes which give rise to them are obscure. Those that occur in reservoirs or ducts are supposed to be owing to the deposition of the substances which enter into the composition of the fluid as it passes along the duct; and those which occur in the substance of an organ are regarded as the product of some nutritive irritation. Their general effect is to irritate as extraneous bodies the parts with which they are in contact; and to produce retention of the fluid whence they have been formed. The symptoms differ, according to the sensibility of the organ, and the importance of the particular secretion whose discharge they impede. ; Their solution is generally impracticable. Spontaneous ex- pulsion, or extraction by surgical aid, are the only ways of get- ting rid of them. Arthritic Calculz, concretions which form in joints. Simi- lar calculi are found in the ligaments, and other parts. They sometimes cause rheumatic lameness and excessive pain. They are composed of uric acid, soda and animal matter. Biliary Calculd are most frequently found in the gall blad- der (in those animals which have one), in others in the sub- stance of the liver or in the branches of the ductus hepaticus. The causes of biliary calculi are also very obscure. They are usually composed of cholesterine and the yellow matter of the bile. They may occasion violent abdominal pain. In our pa- CALCULI. 421 tients we would be unable to make a correct diagnosis. Ab- scesses, biliary fistulee, and fatal effusions into the peritoneal cavity may follow. Calcult Lachrymal sometimes, but rarely, form in the lach- rymal passages. They may occasion abscesses and fistule. Calcult of the Mamme have been found in this organ, of a yellowish white color, having the shape of the excretory duct. They are liable to cause abscesses, and may be removed through the abscess. Calcult of the Pancreas.—These are but little known. They are supposed to resemble the salivary. Calcult of the Pineal Gland.—No phenomena announce their presence during life. They are composed of phosphate of lime. Calcult Preputal are composed of sabulous and exfoliated matter. They may occasion symptoms similar to urethral and vesicle calculi. Have seen them in oxen as well as in the male equine. They should be removed with the oiled finger. Calculi of the Prostate are usually composed of uric acid. Symptoms common to those of calculi of the bladder are likely to develop. Pulmonary Calculd are usually formed of carbonate of lime and animal matter. They are sometimes met with in the dead body, by butchers, and in autopsies, without seeming to have produced unpleasant symptoms during life, or they may cause symptoms of phthisis ; at other times they are expelled spasmod- ically. Salivary Calculd.—Concretions usually formed of phosphate and carbonate of lime. They are developed in the substance of the salivary glands or in their excretory ducts. In the first case they may be mistaken for a simple swelling of the gland, in the second they may generally be detected by the touch. They should be extracted by incision in the interior of the mouth. If taken from the outside it would occasion a fistulee that it would be difficult to close. The writer removed this specimen, weight 4 oz., from a grey mare belonging to a Mr. 422 J. F. BUTTERFIELD. Vail. It was situated in Steno’s duct, near the entrance to the mouth. With a mouth speculum to hold the mouth open and a small scalpel, I was enabled to remove it readily. Calculi of the Stomach and Intestines.—Gastric calculi could not be formed in the stomach itself on account of the acid re- action of its contents and because of the short time the alimen- tary matter remains there. (In ruminants it may be otherwise.) The anti-peristaltic niovements of the intestines bring them back to the stomach from the intestines. Calculi are ordinarily formed in the large intestines, colons, rarely in the cecum. The causes which give rise to them are ingestion of hair dur- ing shedding, or feeding ripe hairy plants, as clover, millet, soja beans, etc. Also feeds rich in magnesia and lime phosphates: Intestinal concretions vary in their composition. They are light, hard and very fcetid. Whilst they do not obstruct the passage of the alimentary mass they produce no unpleasant symptoms. At times they may be diagnosed by examination per rectum. The violent symptoms occasioned by them are frequent colics, of a periodic character, of a more rapid course than is due to accumulation of alimentary matter in the intes- tinal reservoirs. Treatment.—In desperate cases laparotomy may be attempted. A case we diagnosed as intestinal concretion recovered after several months without treatment. Urinary Calculi are concretions which form the crystalizable substances in the urine, and are met with in the whole course of the urinary passages. Their causes are but little known. They receive their name from the location in which they are found— as renal, calculi of the ureters, prostate, vesicle, and urethral calculi. Renal and Calculi of the Ureters occasion similar symptoms, and cause violent pain at times. Urethral and vesicle calculi are the most common, and are more readily diagnosed, and may be extracted by surgical aid more successfully than most other forms of calculi. Of the urethral calculi the obstruction which they cause to the passing of the urine, the hard tumor, and the noise occasioned when struck by a sound or catheter indicates CALCULI. 423 their presence. They are removed hy forceps or incisions. Of the Vesicle Calculi they sometimes proceed from the kidneys. Most commonly they are formed in the bladder itself. Frequent attempts to pass urine, sudden stoppage to its flow, and bloody urine, are the chief phenomena that induce a suspi- cion of their existence. We cannot, however, be certain of this without an examination per rectum. There is no such thing, probably, as a medical solvent. A surgical operation is applicable. I will report a case of vesicle calculi that I had in my prac- tice and our mode of operating for it, original with me. On April 18th, 1900, Master Winfred Liffany, of Harford, Susquehanna Co., Pa., brought to my place, a white pacing gelding, very handsome, about eight years old, and weighing about 1000 pounds. He was dribbling urine slightly and at- tempted to urinate every few minutes. He was slightly run down in condition. Master Liffany had traded for him only a few days before. Upon rectal examination I found a vesicle calculus the size of a large hen’s egg. This was the first and has been the only one I have found thus far. The boy wanted to know if I could remove it successfully. I told him I thought I could, and he left the horse with me. I deferred the opera- tion until April 30th; in the meantime I tried both in New York and Philadelphia to obtain lythotomy forceps from the veterinary instrument dealers, but was unsuccessful. I had by this time decided upon my plan of operation. With the assis- tance of Dr. J. G. Wilson, M. D., and Druggist Sidney Jencks, of Montrose, and my man of all work, we cast the horse with the “‘ Conkey ” harness, having previously dieted him on bran mashes for twenty-four hours. I then made an entrance to the pelvic region of the abdominal cavity the same as we do in the operation for cryptorchids, as follows: With an ordinary cas- trating knife I made an incision in the scrotum large enough to pass my hand. With my hand I broke down the connective tissue and fascia, and with a slight rotary movement, I passed my hand right up into the inguinal region, and when I had 424 J. F. BUTTERFIELD. reached about two inches above the ring, I broke through the peritoneum, which brought me in the pelvic cavity near the bladder. I located the bladder at once and seized it with the calculus and brought them out of the opening into view. Held them while my assistant, Dr. Wilson, with suitable catgut, passed sutures in the muscular coat of the intending opening into the organ, leaving a loop above the point to cut.through ; being careful not to pass the needle through the mucous coat of the bladder. With an ordinary scalpel we cut through muscu- lar portion under the loop of the catgut left for the purpose. We now shoved the muscles one side as far as we could, and cut through the mucous coat and removed the stone here shown (weight 5 0z.). We now sutured the mucous coat with fine catgut, one-fourth of an inch apart, and drew up the sutures in the muscular portion and tied them. We now let the organ return to its normal position and allowed the horse to regain his feet. He manifested pain fora couple of hours and strained, passing a little blood. The next morning I let him out to eat’a little fresh grass, and watched him for half an hour, when he urinated very nat- urally and did not strain at the close as he had done when car- rying the calculus. I let him out for a little exercise and to eat the fresh grass every day. He improved rapidly. Passed a little pus at times. Sent him home May 14th, just two weeks after the operation, a distance of fourteen miles. About four weeks from the time of the operation he strained and passed a little pus, but it lasted only two or three days, probably due to the sloughing of the sutures in the mucous coat of the bladder. The horse was allowed to run at pasture for about three months. He gained in flesh and is in fine condition, and has ‘been perfectly healthy since, doing all kinds of work. I see him frequently when in that vicinity. RHYTHMIC, a blind trotter, won the Merchants’ and Manu- facturers’ Stakes for the 2:24 Class, at Detroit, Mich., July 16, the best time being 2:111%. The horse never started in a race before, and won in hollow fashion. PNEUMONIA AND ITS TREATMENT. 42 PNEUMONIA AND ITS TREATMENT. By J. D. Fair, D. V. S., BERLIN, OHIO. Or Read before the Ohio State Veterinary Medical Association, Jan. 14th, 1902. Croupous, exudative lobar diffused pneumonia is one of the very common diseases which we are called upon to treat, espec- ially ina feeding district, where colts and thin horses are ship- ped in and put up in good barns and prepared for the Eastern market. The pathology, etiology and symptoms of pneumonia taught by the various teachers and different authors are gener- ally accepted and understood by us ali. But let us hope that some scientist, microscopist or pathologist will, in the near future, discover some source of prevention or some method of treatment that will shorten the course of the disease and lesson the percentage of fatality. I believe that pneumonia in an in- fectious disease, due to some virulent poison (a pneumococcus), and under certain climatic influences they become very numer- ous. Horses, as well as people, breathe in this poison, and if any subject is caught below par, nature can no longer resist the poison, hence the irritation, next there is a determination of blood to the lungs, followed by a chill and the usual constitu- tional symptoms of the disease. This brings us down to the practical part of the disease, namely, the diagnosis and treatment. The diagnosis is simple, but to recognize and differentiate between some of the most serious complications early in the disease is very important. Knowing the results of these com- plications modifies the treatment and largely assists us in mak- ing our prognosis. I have adopted a course of treatment for a number of years and I consider it very satisfactory. I modify my treatment so as to meet the various conditions and compli- cations as they may arise during the course of the disease: (1) The preliminary treatment, such as placing the patient in a roomy, clean box-stall, away from other horses, properly venti- lated, the body temperature to be regulated by means of friction 426 J) D4 AIR: and proper clothing. This is observed by us all. I think med- icine should be administered every three hours, day and night, and the patient should be visited at least once every twenty- four hours. I am desirous to have my patients eat, and I offer and tempt them with all kinds of food to induce them to eat. I think, if we keep their bowels in good condition, the rule is that they will eat. In the summer I give them grass, green corn, corn-blades. In the winter nice clover hay, corn-fodder in the sheaf set in each corner of the stall. Some horses will eat oats out of a clean tin pan; others will eat bran mash out of your hand, but I find the majority of my patients prefer corn, and I give them all they want to eat. I never allow any re- fused feed to lie in the feed box or trough; keep everything clean and tidy, and the stall well bedded ; fresh water should be offered quite frequently, especially in the summer. From the preliminary treatment and instructions which I have given, it is understood that I have a case of simple or double pneumonia, and in the congestive stage, with a tempera- ture of 106° to 107°, pulse 84 to 96, respiration 54 to 68. Tat once prepare the following prescription : R Quiniz sulph., Baye Hydrochloric acid, ad q. Ss. Nitrous ether, zi, Fl. ex. jaborandi, Sty _ Tr. zingiberis, ape Sp. frumenti, ad q. s. tomake 3 viii. R Dovers powder, 3 vito 3i. Divide into six powders. To the first powder I add from one to two drachms of aloes and one drachm of calomel. I immediately administer the special powder and one ounce of the liquid preparation, and continue giving one ounce every three hours; with the second dose I give a powder, but from that on a powder every other dose. The object of the special powder is to open up the bowels and liver, and as a rule the bowels will operate all right during the entire course of the disease. By the time I get through with my prescription, I have the owner or attendant to make the necessary preparations to apply a good mustard blis- PNEUMONIA AND ITS TREATMENT. 427 ter. Iapply it to both sides, and I am not very timid about it. I cover plenty of space and use one pound of good powdered mustard, not ground; always use a good quality. It must be fine, and mix it up rather thin. I apply it with plenty of fric- tion; have a man on each side of the horse, and do it quickly. After I am through rubbing, I cover the mustard with table oil-cloth, with the oil-cloth side next to the mustard. I fold a woolen blanket and place it over the oil-cloth. This is fastened down with two surcingles or straps, one to catch the anterior border and the other to catch the posterior border. Then cover with a large blanket, nicely adjusted to the body. As a tule, the patient has a little sore throat, and I apply a sharp liniment to the throat. Many have discarded the idea of punishing a horse suffering with pneumonia by blistering him; but I reason as follows : (r) It irritates the patient sufficiently to cause him to move about and exercise; combine this with the Dover’s powder, jaborandi, etc., previously administered, diaphoresis is almost sure to follow. (2) If you have any pleuritic complication, I do believe it will counteract it to a certain extent. (3) After the irritating properties of the mustard subside, then it serves as a poultice, and remains moist and hot continually for three to six days. As long as it is hot and moist under the oil-cloth I leave it alone; I don’t remove it. If I catch those cases soon after the chill I expect the con- gestion to terminate or give way to resolution in a few days. Sweat your patients; keep the skin active for twenty-four hours, and the temperature will drop, and the pulse will harmonize with the temperature. If the congestion fails to pass off and the lungs become hepatized, then I change the treatment. I endeavor to prevent new invasions. I try to keep up a good strong circulation. The heart is the principal thing to care for ; build up and stimulate the patient in general, and this I do as follows: : R Quiniz sulph., 3 vil. Acid hydrochloric, ad q. S. 428 J. ‘D. FAIR. Sp. nitrous ether, Sol. strychniz, 1 gr. to Fl. ex. digitalis, he Spiritus frumenti ad q. s. to make 3 vili. Give 321i every six hours, and alternate with an emulsion of carbonate of ammonia. This I prepare as follows: no oO! GN ON be . _ R Ammonia carb., ZA is Powd. acacia, Bibl Fl. ext. glycyrrhize, Esse Aque dest., adq.s. to make 2 viii. Of this preparation I give 311 every six hours. In this way the patient gets medicine every three hours. I vary those pre- scriptions to a certain extent; for instance, the patient refuses to take any nourishment, I add to the quinine preparation tr. gentian and tr. ginger, instead of the whiskey. Being alcoholic preparations they would have the same stimulating effects and at the same time act as a good stomachic. If the patient seems to grow weak, and it is a good addition at any rate, add about two ounces of whiskey to each dose, and add this just when you administer the medicine. When the disease is going to run its course, try and prevent new invasions, and this I trust to good nursing and the quinine. The nitrous ether will take care of the kidneys; the digitalis and strychnize will take charge of the heart; the gentian and ginger will look after the appetite, and the carbonate ammonia and whiskey will act as a diffusible stimulant and expectorant. If the case is complicated with pleurisy, and I can make the diagnosis, or even suspect a case of pleuro-pneumonia, I give them potassii iodide quite early in the disease. This I administer in one-drachm doses, and give it in their drinking water. I believe the alterative and absorbing properties of the potassium iodide prevents effusion and hastens resolution. This should be given between meals or feeds, and always well diluted. Then it does not interfere with digestion. The most sérious complications, such as pleurisy, pericar- ditis, meningitis, and laminitis, are hard to handle. I try to meet the indications and counter-indications as well as I can. PNEUMONIA AND ITS TREATMENT. 429 My experience teaches me that most all those cases die. But in cases of pneumonia, simple or double, even slightly compli- cated with pleurisy, under good treatment and careful nursing, I think the prognosis is favorable. If the patient commences to take a little feed in about three, four or five days, a little grain, hay, green feed, etc., and the temperature hovers around 104° to 104.5°, pulse 60 to 72, good volume, and the patient begins to cough occasionally, I consider that my patient is doing well, and I expect him to make a good recovery. I sometimes get a well-marked case of pneumonia that lies down every night and sometimes during the day. They all recover. But when the temperature rises about the seventh, eighth or ninth day, and the pulse becomes fast, thready and wirey, and the patient re- fuses feed, suppressed cough, in fact simply grunts, stands in one corner, refuses to take the medicine, those are very unfavor- able symptoms, and the probabilities are that you not only have a case of pneumonia, but pleuro-pneumonia, pericarditis, and the patient will soon succumb to the disease. Under any and all treatment, I occasionally find a patient suffering with a very acute congestion of the lungs and pleura, the congestion being so acute and extensive that they bleed from the nostrils. This I consider a very grave symptom, and my experience teaches me that they,invariably die, and in a very short time, 24 to 36 hours. I was called about two weeks ago to see a good draft colt, six months old ; temperature 107°, pulse almost imperceptible and very high. On auscultation, I found the patient hada very acute congestion of the lung and pleura, and it was so extensive that the colt bled from the nostrils. I considered this a very bad case and expected that it would die. I gave it my usual treatment. - It was in the evening, and the colt perspired freely during the night, and by the next day the epistaxis ceased, the temperature dropped, the pulse became stronger, the colt began to take a little feed. It passed through the second stage, and when the crisis came resolution set in, and a few days ago I discharged my patient. 430 je Dre WAMR: Gentlemen, I have given you my actual experience and best judgment for the treatment of pneumonia. I sincerely request you not to be charitable in your criticisms and only hope you will offer many valuable suggestions. REMARKABLE PoOsT-MORTEM FINDINGS (?) (!).—The fol- lowing extract from the Colorado Springs Gaze¢ée of June 5 is enough to take one’s breath: ‘‘ A post-mortem examination of the body of ‘Gold Standard,’ the racing horse that died at the Roswell track on Friday, revealed the fact yesterday that the horse did not die of gastritis, as was at first supposed. The examination made yesterday led the doctors to believe that the horse died as a result of the windstorm that swept down the track during the race in which ‘Gold Standard’ competed. There was a heavy clot of blood found in the left ventticle of the horse, and the theory of the doctors now is that the great exertion put forth by the horse in rounding the north end of the track, dead against a violent wind, caused its nostrils to admit such a blast of air that the blood was driven from the horse’s head and extremities gener- ally to the heart, where it stopped and formed the clot that im- peded circulation and caused death to result. The case is one of the most interesting on record.” IMPROVING THE MILK SUPPLY IN BROOKLYN.—Last win- ter a movement was set on foot by the Kings County Medical Society to obtain at least a small supply of comparatively good milk which Brooklyn physicians could prescribe for their pa- tients. Several joint meetings of members of the society and large milk dealers were held, and an agreement was reached by which the medical association was to conduct analytical exam- inations of the milk from certain dairies at regular and frequent intervals, and to furnish label certificates which were to be af- fixed to sealed bottles which contained milk in which the pro- portion of bacteria did not exceed thirty thousand to a cubic centimetre of milk. During May the number of these organ- isms found in some samples of milk was 7,000,000 to a cubic centimetre. In March there were 11,000,000 bacteria to the cubic centimetre, and 43,000,000 were found 1n a cubic centi- metre of one sample of milk that was recently examined. This milk was not sour, and it was on sale in a grocer’s store. THE “SPECIAL VETERINARY TRAIN” over the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway, chartered by Drs. Hughes and Baker, leaves Chicago on the evening of Sept. 1. ABORTION IN COWS. 431 ABORTION IN COWS. By WALTER S. PHILLIPS, V. S., READING, Pa. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Pennsylvania State Veterinary Medical Associa- tion, March 4 and 5, 1902, Abortion is an affection which, when it: once affects the farmer’s or dairyman’s herd, causes much vexation and loss. Abortion so-called, when the fcetus or ovum is expelled four or six weeks before the normal period ; premature birth occurs when the foetus is advanced enough to live when outside of the mother. Mares are also subject to it, but very rarely. I notice a great veterinarian has said that abortion is a dis- ease of nervous origin—a loss of equilibrium between the nerves of voluntary and involuntary motion. The direct causes of this state exist in anything that can derange the organs of digestion. Great sympathy is known to exist between the or- gans of generation and the stomach ; if the latter be deranged, the former feels a corresponding influence, and the sympathetic nerves are the media by which the change takes place. Emanations from putrid animal remains, miasmata, over feeding, derangement of the stomach, stimulating powders con- taining demulcents and diuretics, blows, excitement, injuries, musty fodder, indigestible food; a low condition of plethora may cause it. I was called several months ago to a dairy where from twenty to thirty cows (Holstein) are kept, no less than eight or ten cows. At the last previous visit I found a young bull in the midst of the herd of cows; also an older bull; the younger animal teas- ing and exciting one cow, then another. I witnessed this, and advised the owner to remove them—to tie up the young animal. This remedied the evil. Have had stagnant pools removed or filled up, which were in the barn yard, and caused abortion for years. After the removal of these pools, the cattle improved right along. Will relate a case of abortion in a fine setter bitch. The 432 W. S. PHILLIPS. owner explained the case to me, which occurred about the hol- idays. Could not account for it; the loss of pups grieved him, being valuable. No bad odors, no slaughter-house near, noth- ing to occasion it being detectable. Questioned him, and said : ‘TI suppose you killed a turkey.”’ He said: ‘‘ Yes, just the day before the loss of the pups.” I also asked him, if the animal was present at the time ? ‘‘ Yes, licked up some of the blood, took head of turkey in her mouth, appeared very much excited ; running up and down the yard. Next day appeared to have some irritation of the vagina, and in a few hours more gave birth to her pups.” I think this case worth mentioning. Preventives.—Isolation, disinfectants and fumigants. Give daily a preparation to each cow with calf, for four or five days. In the majority of cases the placenta must be removed. H2MOSTATIC ACTION OF INTRAVENOUS INJECTIONS OF CALCIUM CHLORIDE.—Dr. T. Silvestri (Gazetta degh Ospedalt e delle Clintche, April 13th) recommends the intravenous injec- tion of calcium chloride in the treatment of internal hzmor- thages from various sources. ‘The basis of his therapeutic ex- periments was the work of Sicard, who showed zz wztro that calcium chloride had the property of increasing the coagulability of blood in cases in which this process was regarded as absent through a deficiency in fibrin-ferment. He employed these in- jections in four cases. In the first of these, a profuse menor- rhagia ceased within three-quarters of an hour after the injection of 150 cubic centimetres of a sterilized solution of calcium chlo- ride of one-per-cent. strength. A second injection of 100 cc. was given, though the profuse flow did not recur. In the second case, a typhoid ulcer ceased to bleed within thirty-five minutes after the injection of 100 cc. In the third case a very profuse pulmonary hemorrhage in a case of tuberculosis ceased within an hour after the injectiou of 150 c.c. The author saw the fourth patient after he had suffered from nosebleed for twelve hours. The nose was taniponed and roo c.c. of the solution were injected. As the hemorrhage did not cease, a second in- jection of 150 c.c. was given, effecting the cessation of the bleed- ing in forty minutes. The median basilic vein was used as the site of the injection and the usual technics was employed The author believes that calcium chloride is superior to gelatin. PERITONEAL FILARIASIS OF THE OX. 433 PERITONEAL FILARIASIS OF THE OX. By JOHN J. REppP, V. M. D., PRoF. oF PATHOLOGY, Iowa STATE COL- LEGE,, AMES, Iowa. On several occasions within the past few years I have come into contact with a species of filaria in the peritoneal cavity of cattle. This I have especially noticed in spaying heifers. Some time ago some of these worms were sent to me from an abattoir at Sioux City, Iowa, by an inspector of the U. S. Bureau of Animal Industry for the purpose of identification. I was able to identify this parasite as the Fz/arza cervina (Du- jardin). For the purpose of identification I would advise the use of a combination having about the power of a 1-6 or 1-8 B. and LL. objective and 1 inch ocular. The anterior and the posterior extremity of the worm may be clipped off with the scissors, mounted on a slide in water, and a cover glass put on. By proper regulation of the light the differential characters may be made out quite readily. It is the male which presents the specific distinguishing features. The fragment of worm must be rotated so as to bring these parts into view. ‘This can easily be done by sliding the cover slip gently in a direction at right angles to the object. Neuman states that these worms do not play a pathologic role. My own observations support this view. WHAT IS PURE CHLOROFORM ?—Thomas D. Luke, M. R. C.S. (Zdainburgh Medical Journal, June), deals with this sub- ject in a practical manner. He concerns himself more espec- ially with the alcohol factor in the chloroform. ‘This may be pure ethyl alcohol, which has never been anything but pure ethyl alcohol, or it may be methyl alcohol, so dealt with and purified, either before or after the process of chloroform-making begins that it is to all intents and purposes ethyl alcohol freed from methylic impurity. The author considers that even if we employ chloroform prepared from methyl] alcohol only partially rectified, it seems highly questionable if the methylic impurity would cause any trouble. He concludes that methylated chloro- form manufactured from methylated spirit is as good, as pure, and as safe, as ‘pure chloroform” prepared from pure alcohol. 434 REPORTS OF CASES. REPORTS OF CASES. ** Careful observation makes a skillful practitioner, but his skill dies with him. By re- cording his observations, he adds tothe knowledge of his profession, and assists by his facts in building up the solid edifice of pathological science.”’ HABITUAL LUXATION OF THE PATELLA AND ITS CURE BY DIVISION OF THE INTERNAL STRAIGHT LIGAMENT. By J. A. ANGLICKER AND WM. SCHUMACHER, Milwaukee, Wis. On June 6th a twelve-year-old Shetland pony was brought to us afflicted with habitual luxation of the patella of both legs. The animal, formerly owned by a circus, is a trick pony, and may have contracted the lesion while performing the trick of sitting down with outstretched hind legs. The luxation would occur every time the animal moved after standing still, or when walking very slow, but not when walking fast or when trotting. The right leg appeared to be affected more than the left, and the luxation could be produced at will, but through two days of observation the luxation of the left patella was seen only once. ‘The present owner, who values the pony very highly on account of its tricks and it being an excellent saddler and driv- er for children, wanted a sure cure or none at all, and we de- cided to perform the operation mentioned in ‘‘ Moeller’s Sur- gery,” attributed to Violet, Santo, Cavallari and Guigas, and which was also described in the AMERICAN VETERINARY RE- VIEW of June, Ig0I, page 221, by Gamba, who refers to it as ‘‘ Bassi’s operation.” After casting the animal, we decided on an open operation, because we could not find a way to secure the leg properly, also because the animal is very small and the ligament was only lo- cated with difficulty ; so we untied the leg, allowed it to drop into its natural position and held it there by two guy-ropes. The field of operation was then cocained, shaved and thor- oughly disinfected, the internal straight ligament laid bare by an incision one inch long and right over the ligament ; a grooved director passed over the capsular and beneath and around the internal straight ligament and the latter divided with a pointed bistoury. ‘The wound was then rendered aseptic and closed with one stitch. The luxation did not recur after the animal got up and the patient was then turned into a clean grass lot. A marked cedema made its appearance the next day below the field of operation, but passed away and the wound healed by REPORTS OF CASES. 435 first intention. In the between time the left patella would fre- quently become dislocated, and on June 15th we performed the operation on the left side by the same method. This second wound becaine infected in spite of our precautions, probably be- cause the flies troubled the patient very much on the shaved spot, and he used his tail freely in trying to keep the tormenters away. The wound healed in two weeks with no other care but daily washing with warm water. The animal is without a fault to-day, and its owner is greatly pleased. In large horses chloroform narcosis would probably be ad- visable, as the operation seems comparatively easy when the leg is not restrained, and can be extended and flexed to suit the op- erator ; also because the danger of puncturing the synovial cap- sule by a sudden jerk of the leg of animal is greatly minimized. We recommend this operation to the profession because its success is very remarkable in the upward luxation of the patella of the horse, and it should prove very remunerative, because there are many horses afflicted with this lesion in the country who are almost valueless on this account. All we ask is that those brother veterinarians that perform the operation hereafter will report in these columns their observations and conclusions. A PECULIAR CASE OF TETANUS. By WILHELM SCHUMACHER, M. D. V., Milwaukee, Wis. Was called in the evening of May 21st to see a bay horse, about 15 years old. History: The horse had been driven very hard the day before, came home very stiff, but was eating well. Symptoms : Usual attitude of hind levs of a horse sick with te- tanus, muscles of back hard, but the animal manages to use its tail, head extended, nostrils wide open, elevation of membrana nictitans absent and not producible by any means. ‘Tempera- ture 101°, pulse 54 (dicrotic), respiration 24. Told the owner that the horse presented symptoms of lockjaw, but that I would call next morning to verify my diagnosis by daylight. Saw the animal next morning and was informed by the attendant that it was apparently better; had taken its food as usual, the bowels had moved freely and that it was rather lively. Exami- nation showed the peculiar position of the hind limbs (which the owner claimed the horse always had), muscles of the back not quite as hard as night before ; the animal used the tail freely to chase flies, neck still extended, elevation of membrana nicti- tans absent and not producible. Temperature ror, pulse 50 436 REPORTS OF CASES. (dicrotic), respiration 30. Watery discharge from nostrils and eyes ; pressure on larynx causes violent and prolonged cough- ing. Another careful examination of the animal did not bring out any new points ; no wounds could be found, and I was thor- oughly puzzled as to the right diagnosis, but told the owner that the horse was suffering from tetanus and also from a severe laryngitis. The owner did not agree with me on the tetanus theory ; said that he had lost seven horses with tetanus in one year, and that he knew the disease when he saw it. He would not submit the animal to any treatment, as it was not valuable enough, besides he had never seen a cure from tetanus. The horse had been previously treated for a heart affection, and he asked for another bottle of heart tonic, which was given and administered to the horse for four days. The case having roused my curiosity I made a call next day and found the animal im- proved, with no other symptoms than a stiffness of the back and the coughing spells. Two days later the horse seemed well and the owner concluded to give him a rest by turning him into pas- ture. I advised to keep him in for another week, as the weather was rather unfavorable. June 2d the owner came to our office and reported that the horse took sick the night before, became very stiff, was found down next morning with all the symptoms of tetanus, and or- dered destroyed by the owner. In talking over the case with the owner he remembered that the horse had calked himself on the hind foot about two months previous, and that the wound had healed without any compli- cations. My theory is that the whole stable is infected with the bacillus tetanz, that the attack resulted from the wound re- ceived in the stable, and I report this case because of its pecu- liar and confusing symptoms and course. DYSTOKIA DUE TO RELAXED MUSCLES (?) By D. C. NoweEts, V.S., Rockwell City, Iowa. Subject, eight-year-old draft mare, in foal. I was called June 26; patient had been in labor twelve hours. Care-taker had made manual examination and could not find fcetus, and said there was an immense bulging of abdomen below the ribs. From description I suspected extra-uterine pregnancy. I made manual examination ; found the os not dilated, pro- ceeded to dilate it with my hand; found the foetus within the uterus and low in abdomen; anterior presentation; foetus on its back, the head deviated to the left and downward. I rup- REPORTS OF CASES. 437 tured the membrane, secured the anterior limbs with cords, then used the repeller, and brought up the head; rotated the foetus, and a live foal was delivered without further trouble (by traction). Both dam and foal were doing well at last reports, but from appearance all the abdominal visceree of dam seem to hang be- low the ribs and at time of foaling dam seemed to have no power to throw fcetus up into inlet, as if the abdominal mus- cles were torn loose ; and the hair was worn away from a large area where the pelvic limbs rubbed against abdomen in progres- sion, as if this condition had obtained for some time. Is this a common occurrence? I find no literature on such a condition. Would you advise the Italian operation for luxation of patella? [NoTr.—In reference to last question, refer correspondent to article in this number, ‘‘ Habitual Luxation of the Patella and Its Cure by Division of the Internal Straight Ligament,” by Drs. Anglicker and Schumacher, department ‘“ Reports*of Cases.” —EDITOR. | POISONING BY FEEDING ON SINAPIS NIGRA. By F. J. Rous, D. V. S., Monroe, Wis. November 23, 1901, I P. M., I was called up at my residence by ’phone, by a Mr. Lawver, living twelve miles west, to come at once, very sick cows. I informed Mr. Lawver that I could not comply with his wish before evening, as there were two calls for my services just previous to his call; he stating that if I could not come by 5 P. M., not to come at all, and very little did I care to make the visit at all, for I knew he was in the habit of patronizing empirics, and defiant with qualified practi- tioners. After making the two calls previous to Mr. Lawver’s, and having ample time to arrive at his farm by 5 P. M., I con- cluded to go. On arrival, you can imagine my surprise: in front of the barn lay ten cadavers, minus their epidermises, and one cow in the barn in its last throes of death, and seven cows that were very sick. Being informed by the owner that all of them would die, for the symptoms were in unison with the ones that had died—this being the owner’s prognosis, not mine. All being milk cows, highly fed in order to produce greater profits by a large flow of milk, they showed better care than the ma- jority of cows receive. After taking in the surroundings, and 438 REPORTS OF CASES. considering everything in a good hygienic condition, being at a loss as to what the cause originated from, I asked the owner for information in regard to feeding, watering and change of pas- ture. The owner stated as follows: “I stable them nights, feed clover hay with aration of ground feed night and morning, turn them out mornings, feed shock corn in yard, the remainder of the time run at large over the farm.” Bear in mind, Nov. 23, at 5 Pp. M., I arrived at Mr. Lawver’s farm, but the day prev- ious, the 22nd, at 3 P. M., these cows were turned into a small lot, about 4 acres, situated on river bottom, between the barn and river, lot being utilized to raise corn for early feed in au- tumn. After the corn was cut off, mustard grew up in abund- ance, and as there had been no stock allowed to run on this lot previous to Nov. 22, owner thought he would turn his cows in and let them pick up what rough feed there was left, cows be- ing in from 3 P. M. until 5 Pp. M., only two hours, then being housed in the barn for the night, given their evening ration ; all of them’ feeding normally. Three hours later, he noticed four of the cows being sick ; owner sending at once for an Illinois empiric. As near as I could learn, his treatment was hot teas, coffee, monkshood, Ward’s liniment and painkiller. As more of the herd continued to get sick, and by midnight two had died, the “doctor,” if I may call him such, declined to give further treatment, departing for home, leaving owner alone to battle with the afflicted cows. The cows continued to get sick, one after another, and so they continued to die at intervals, from one to two hours apart. As I stated before, this being un the 22d, and I was called on the 23d at 1. Pp. M., but did not arrive at destination until 5 P. M., ten cows dead and the eleventh one dying, and seven more sick, and seemingly going in the same channel. At this point I became very anxious to find the real cause, anticipating that holding an autopsy on the two cows that died just previous to my arrival, might reveal to me the much- desired information. Proceeding with the autopsy, dissecting through into the viscera, there was an abundance of yellow fluid in the abdominal cavity, and very strong fumes of mustard being present. Speaking of this to the owner, he informed me that mustard grew up in abundance in this lot; and that he noticed the cows eating it and seemed to relish the same. Con- tinuing with the autopsy, there being from three to four gallons of this yellow fluid in the abdominal cavity; bladder full and of same color; over the walls of the rumen following blood- REPORTS OF CASES. 439 vessels and lymphatics there was a yellow gelatinous mass, varying from one to three inches thick; the intestinal tract showed a slight enteric condition. On opening the rumen, I found from one peck to half a bushel of mustard stocks and leaves. Satisfying my own mind that the trouble was due to mustard poisoning, I turned my attention to the seven head in barn that were sick. The owner’s prognosis was that all would die. My prog- nosis was zero. Cows standing, dull, haggard expression ; extremities cold ; some tympany ; respirations labored; could not be made to move, only by main force, then they would stagger and fall un- less supported, showing that locomotion was greatly interfered with ; when fatal would stand in one position without moving, until they would fall and lie in a semi-comatose condition, from one to three hours before death. Treatment.—I ordered one and one-half lbs. of sulphate of soda given to each one of the sick cows, and to follow up with one lb. every twelve hours, until the bowels moved ; in addition I gave nux vomica and spirits nitre. The seven head under this treatment made a fine recovery, and regained the normal flow of milk. AN EXTRAORDINARY VESICLE CALCULUS IN A FRENCH BULL BITCH. By RoscokE R. BELL, D. V. S., Brooklyn, N. Y. The subject was a valuable French bull bitch, purchased at the New York Dog Show for a fancy price, two years ago, when she was three years old. She weighed in health about 4o lbs., and was always full of life and very affectionate. Until two weeks before her death, she was apparently well. The first symptoms observed by the household were frequent urination, and an offensive odor from the urine. Her appetite remained good for a week after these symptoms were first noticed; but when she remained in her basket, partaking only daintily of her food, my services were sought. I found that not only was the urine very offensive, but it contained pus and blood. An external examination by manipulation was made and a hard, round substance could be felt through the abdominal walls, in about the location of the bladder. As the outlines were those of the size of a gouse-egg, I could not believe that a calculus was the object, and as the patient was already in a septic condition, I 1n- formed the owner that her dog was in a desperate condition, 440 REPORTS OF CASES. and that immediate surgical interference held out the only hope of benefit. As I was extremely busy with equine patients, I advised her to take the dog to a hospital, and gave her a note to a well-known specialist, who thought that an operation would not save the animal. Not being willing to submit her pet to useless pain, she brought the animal back to my kennels, where she died the following day from septic infection. I was permitted to hold an autopsy, and found the bladder completely filled with a single calculus, it being so large that the walls of the bladder were stretched to their utmost, and considerably thickened, the mucous membrane being inflamed and partially necrotic. The urine would trickle through the ureteral openings, pass around the calculus through little grooves, and out of the urethra almost continuously. When the front wall of the bladder was incised longitudinally, the edges retracted at once, as shown in the accompanying rough draw- ing, showing the great tension upon the organ. I have never removed the calculus, but keep it preserved in alcohol, just as shown. PROTARGOL IN VETERINARY SURGERY. By W. E. A. WyMAN, Portland, Mich. While testing protargol, about a year ago, with a view to REPORTS OF CASES. 441 studying its proper place in surgical diseases, a number of im- portant and valuable features—its continuous bactericidal ac- tion, its powers as a desiccant, its superiority as a cicatrizant— became well established. The Farbenfabriken of Elberfeld Co., 40 Stone St., New York, very kindly placed an inexhaust- ive ‘supply at thie disposition of the writer. A lengthy report of its various uses has just begun to appear in the Journal of Com- parative Medicine and Veterinary Archives. About fourteen days ago the writer treated a case with pro- targol, which seems to warrant special mention : Gray mare, I1 years old, 1350 lbs., sound. In the morning her right eye was punctured by a dry twig, which on breaking off remained in the eye. Site of puncture, at union of superior border of sclerotic and cornea. Conjunctiva decidedly cedema- tous, bulging from the cavity about oneinch. Theanimal was first seen about 3 Pp. M. that day. On removal of the dry piece of wood, which was about one-quarter inch in diameter, and had entered the eye about three-quarters of an inch deep, a gush of blood, coagula and prolapsus of the iris followed. The whole eyeball, esuyeneriye and eyelids were thoroughly irrigated for some time with a % per cent. carbolic acid solu- tion. Next the protruding iris was snipped off. Now, a 15 per cent. protargol solution was repeatedly and gently in- jected through the wound into the eye. ‘The cedematous con- junctiva was punctured in numerous places witha needle. All parts were irrigated once more with the carbolized solution and a pressure bandage kept moist with 1 per cent. protargol solu- tion applied. During the five days that this animal was in the hospital no rise of temperature occurred, appetite good ; in fact, her general health was perfect. As a matter of curiosity, the writer removed the dressing in 24 hours. Cdema of the conjunctiva entirely gone; slight inflammation of the cornea. On the 5th day the animal went home. A calomel dusting powder was given, and, outside of a limited nebula at the site of puncture, a complete recovery was obtained. A RECORD TUBERCULOUS HEART. Don C. Ayer, D. V. S., Chief Inspector of the Bureau of An- imal Industry at Omaha, Neb., sends the REVIEW the accom- panying photograph of a specimen which came under his obser- vation recently in one of the slaughter-houses in his jurisdiction. He furnishes the following description : 442 REPORTS OF CASES. “ FHleart of a Cow Affected with Tuberculosts.—Weight, 44 lbs. Lungs and liver showed infection, as well as all lymphat- ics, but not so extensively as others I have seen where the heart was not infected.” Dr. Ayer also adds: ‘‘ Please have this set properly. ‘Take the May number of the REVIEW, for example; turn to page 144, where the tuberculous liver is shown; now turn the book upside down and see how much it will improve the appearance of the specimen.” THE members of the Veterinary Medical Association of New Jersey presented President Wm. Herbert Lowe with an elegant silver dinner service, at the banquet on the roth ult., as a token of appreciation for his great service to the profession of the State, in having united a scattered and dissenting profession into a strong band of enthusiastic brethren, and throwing around them the strong protecting arm of the law. No recipient was ever more worthy of such a token, nor are there any who could more thoroughly appreciate the missive of grateful esteem. EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 443 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. ENGLISH REVIEW. By Prof. A. LiauTarpD, M. D., V. M. A CASE PRESENTING SOME FEATURES OF HERMAPHRODIT- 1sM [Henry Taylor, M. R. C. V. S.|.—The subject isa brown van cob, observed by the author, which presented very peculiar abnormalities in the sexual organs. The animal presented parts of the generative apparatus of both sexes, viz., a miniature penis (notin the regular position, however) mammary glands and testicles. The penis was placed at the lower part of the perineal region, pointing backwards and downwards. It pro- jected in the natural state about three or four inches from the perineum, and could be withdrawn about two inches more from a structure which might be called the prepuce. The urethral opening was well marked, and was situated nearer to the superior surface than to the inferior. The glans penis was also quite distinct. There were two mammary glands in the normal pos- ition, with well-marked lactiferous ducts. The testicles were felt well up in the groin, but hardly as tense as normal. Al- though there was no vulva, there was a distinct invagination of the skin, incomplete, without mucous lining or anterior orifice. At its lower aspect was the supposed penis. This might be called an abnormally developed clitoris, but it was pierced by the urethra, which is not the case in an over-developed clitoris, and was situated some four or five inches lower than the ordi- nary position of the clitoris. The exact location of this case in teratology is not clear to the author’s mind, and it is recorded only as offering some features of hermaphroditism.—( Vet. Jour.) [An exact counterpart of this case was exhibited at Coney Island and throughout New York City and its suburbs ten or twelve years ago, and was examined by most of the local veter- inarians of that date. The animal was killed by a live trolley- wire during the street railway strike of 1895 or 96, and is now the subject of a lawsuit against the railway company by the owner of the monstrosity, Wm. Krug, of Seventeenth Street, Brooklyn, and the writer has been subpcened as an expert wit- ness.—R. R. B.]. TUMOR IN A Cow’s MovutH [W. Owen Williams, F. R. C. V. S.|.—The nature of this growth and the rarity of its location make this record very interesting. It relates to the history ofa 444 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. cow which a few weeks before calving was observed to have difficulty in feeding and chewing her cud ; she was also unable to protrude her tongue. As a consequence, she soon lost condi- tion, and an examination of the mouth revealed the presence of a tumor of considerable size, growing from the gum and involv- ing the first four molar teeth. After waiting until she had calved, the cow was then cast, and on examining the mouth, the tumor was found somewhat pedunculated, having a short, thick stalk, and the mass pressing against the palate. With a kind of ecraseur made of wires it was removed, but not without some difficulty, as the wires broke twice before the tumor was gotten loose and brought out. The molars were also extracted. The hemorrhage was slight. The tumor weighed 10 ounces, and was of actinomycotic nature. Three weeks after the opera- tion, it was again growing.—(Vet. Journ.) FRACTURE OF THE FirST R1B [/ames McKenny, M. R. C. V. S.|.—This lesion is the subject of a very interesting record by the author, where after mentioning the symptoms, which by some are considered as belonging to that kind of injury, viz., elbow dropped, knee protruding and flexed, fetlock knuckled and toe of foot only on the ground; Mr. J. McK. remarks that also for others those symptoms are common to other injuries, such as laceration of the triceps muscles, fractured scapula, pisiform bone or navicular bone. For the author the differential diagnosis of all those injuries from that of fractured rib, which all produced the symptomatology of dropped elbow, etc., is comparatively easy—‘ In case of injured triceps there is local heat, swelling and pain without crepitus ; with fractured scapula this is easily detected and localized by moving the leg forwards and back- wards, inwards and outwards, but if the crepitus is obtained on abduction and adduction of the fore-leg on the affected side, which cannot be localized and cannot be obtained on bringing the leg backwards and forwards, the first rib is broken. Again when the pisiform is injured, the swelling of the back of the knee and its manipulations decide the nature of the injury ; for navicular bone broken, the history of the case, alteration of the foot, the heat, the pain, etc. are sufficient evidences. Conclu- sions: Fracture of the first rib can be made out by detection of the crepitus only by crossing the fore-leg near the affected rib as far as possible across the front of the sternum and then jerk- ing it outwards (abduction and adduction); the crepitus thus obtained will be readily felt when the hand during the process is ‘kept firmly on the ‘scapulayle.s. it will be dull and of EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 445 course cannot be localized to any part of the scapula. It will also be absent when the leg is moved backwards and forwards.” The author records several cases in support of his statement. One of rupture of the triceps muscle, one of lacerated muscle and fractured lumbar vertebrze, of fractured pisiform and fractured navicular, with four others of fractured first rib, where the dif- ferential diagnosis had proved correct.—( Veterinarian.) GASTROTOMY IN THE Doc [F. Hopkin, M. R. C. V. S.).— Dogs may eat sweets, but must be careful of iron balls. A cross-bred Airedale terrier had sweets thrown to him, which he enjoyed and swallowed. An iron ball also thrown was swal- lowed, but could not be removed by castor oil. It is reported that he showed shortly after ‘‘ marked signs of paralysis in the hind quarters and was also affected with chorea about the muscles of the face;”’ at any rate, whether these were the re- sults of the presence of the iron ball or not, an operation was decided upon, and gastrotomy performed antiseptically, of course. Through an incision of the median line, the foreign body was easily made out, but it was with difficulty that it could be brought into such a position to be easily removed by incision of the stomach. This was afterwards sutured with gut stitches, also the muscles and peritoneum. The skin was sewed with silk. Rectal injections of milk and brandy were given for seven days and followed with Mellin’s food per mouth for a few days after. The ball weighed 4 ounces. Re- covery was perfect, except he still had chorea.—( Veterinarian.) TUBERCULIN FOR Doc [£. H. Kent, M. R. C. V..S.].—From an article on tuberculin and its use, I find the record made by the author of the use of tuberculin in three cases, where most satisfactory results were obtained. A fox terrier bitch, on ac- count of peculiar suspicious symptoms, had an injection of 2 minims of tuberculin, when the temperature, being 102.6° at See went to; 104° at Ti, 105.4" at TP. M., 105.4 at 5 P. M.; 104.6° atg P.M. Next morning it was1o3.2.. At post-mortem she showed tuberculosis of the liver, kidneys and lungs. A re- triever sick since two years received 3 minims of tuberculin one morning wheu his temperature was 102.2°. At g A. M. it was io abit Ae M. 103.8, at i P/M: 105.8°, at 5 P. M. 105.0, 7 P.M. 105.2. The next morning it was down to 103°. Tested a second time after a few days, the result was the same. On post-mortem, general tuberculosis was found, lungs and pleura more affected. The third case was a five-year-old fox terrier, which had been wasting for six months. His temperature was 446 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 102°. 2 minims of tuberculin being injected, the temperature did not show the same reaction, although it rose some. The dog died the next day. The suspicion of tuberculosis was not confirmed at the post-mortem, as instead of phthisic lesions, the cause of the animal’s sickness was found in his stomach. This contained five pennies, which ‘‘no doubt caused the state of congestion of the organ.” —( Veterinarian.) O6PHORECTOMY AND ACCIDENTAL CystTotTomy [F. 17. Rid- ler, MR. C. V..Ss..and. T.. Hobday, FR. C3 VigSole aes concisely recorded case is to point to the possibility of an acci- dent which may occur in small animals when submitted to that operation. It relates to a female cat which, being about to be operated upon, when after preparation of the abdominal wall by cleaning, shaving and careful.asepsy, at the time that the skin was incised the point of the scalpel entered the much-distended bladder and made a wound in it fully half an inch long. By careful attention the greatest part of the contents escaped: out- side of the body. The wound was closed with sterilized silk as best the condition permitted. Thorough sterilization was ac- complished. The bladder returned into its place. The peri- toneum cleaned with chinosol solution and the abdominal walls closed with a double row of silk-woven gut sutures and the whole covered with iodoform colloid. Recovery was perfect without the slightest complication.—(Veterznarzan.) CEREBRAL TuMORS IN A HorskE [W. Scott, F. R. C. V.S.1. —An old cart horse, looking well in condition, and having al- ways done his work well, after heavy hard work during a very hot day, showed symptoms of cerebral disease well marked: ‘he was beating himself against the walls of his box, staggered in a helpless manner, bore his head into a corner and pushed against the walls,” etc., etc. Examination of the eye with the ophthalmoscope revealed the retinal vessels engorged with blood. Pupil at times contracted and again dilated. Relieved once of this attack, he had another a few months after, of which he died. At the post-mortem the cranium was found to contain about 3 ounces of clear serum. ‘The surfaces of the meninges looked healthy. In both lateral ventricles there was found an oval neoplasm, about the size of a small potato, imbedded ina sero-sanguineous fluid. One being a little bigger than the other, they weighed together 534 ounces. They were somewhat hard in consistency but smooth; upon section they grated against the knife. They were pinkish in color. Microscopi- cally they were made up largely of coarse straight bars and EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 447 strands of fibrous tissue, which were arranged in a more or less radiate manner. Scattered through the tumors were numerous crystals of degenerate blood pigment. In parts the neoplasms were very cellular, the arrangement and character of the cells suggesting sarcoma.—(Veterznarzan.) THE estimated earnings of American jockeys abroad this season thus far, is $341,000. HENRY WARD BEECHER’S TRIBUTE TO THE HoRSE.—Soci- ety owes to the horse a debt of gratitude a thousand times greater than it does to thousands of men who abuse him. He has ministered to progress, has made social intercourse possible when otherwise it would have been slow, or occasional, or al- together impossible ; he has virtually extended the strength of man, augmented his speed, doubled his time, decreased his bur- dens and, becoming his slave, has relieved him from drudgery and made him free. For love’s sake, for the sake of social life, for eminent moral reasons, the horse needs to be bred, trained and cared for with scrupulous care. NONE of the race tracks in America or Europe can compare with the magnificent equipments of the track at Koudan, Japan. It is about a third of a mile in circumference, and all the way around are rows of splendid stone trimmings, such as ponderous lamps and posts, railings and the like, which make up for the absence of the grandstand. This track is purely Japanese, and as such is more of a novelty, than either of the famous tracks of the country, one at Ueno Park, Tokio, and the other near Yokohama.—(/Yorse-Shoers’ Journal.) Facts ABouT Lonpon.—A child is born every three min- utes ; and a death is registered every five minutes. The city contains over 700 railway stations, nearly 800 miles of railway line, and 11 railway bridges span the Thames. Daily 1,000,000 persons travel on the underground railways, and 2,500,000 in 5,000 omnibuses, 7,000 hansoms, 14,000 cabs, and 7,000 tram- cars. The total population is between 6,000,000 and 7,000,000. Four thousand postmen deliver 10,000,000 letters weekly, walk- ing a distance equal to twice the circumference of the globe. Sixty thousand letters are written a day, consuming 30 gallons of ink. ‘Ten thousand miles of overhead telegraph wires almost shut out the smoky canopy which spreads above the London streets, and the number of telegraph messages received in Lon- don last year was over 6,000,000. Ninety million gallons of water are consumed daily. 448 BIBLIOGRAPHY. BIBLIOGRAPHY. TRAITE DES MALADIES DU BETAIL—(Treatise on Diseases of Cattle). By Prof. G, Moussu, of Alfort. 1 Vol., in 8vo of 772 pages and 189 figs , 4 colored plates. Asselin & Houzeaux, Paris. Of course, books on diseases of cattle are plenty—German, English, French, and even American authors have published quite a number of them, and, yet, this new book is different from all others; it is one special in its kind; and why? Be- cause it is conceived in a synthetical spirit, and is the resumé of the course taught by the Professor of Alfort for over ten years. “Tt is written,” says the author, ‘‘so as to be understood by all, and I have tried to make it as demonstrative as possible, certain that I am that education by the eye is superior to that which requires the work of interpretation of what is written.” And, indeed, Prof. M. has succeeded. For his work is full of original and ingenious articles on the etiology and nature of diseases. The groupings of diseases are perfectly rational, and each one is preceded by an exfosé of the methods of exploration of the organs and of the semiology. Successively apparatus after apparatus, organ after organ, are studied, and almost all the diseases that can affect bovines are considered. But not only that, animals of ovine, caprine and porcine species are also referred to. General contagious diseases, except tuberculosis, are ignored, and if even this last is considered it is more on account of its frequency in the dif- ferent species than for any special purpose. The work is divided into eleven classes; and each one ina certain number of chapters. In the first class, the apparatus of locomotion, with the diseases of bones of the foot, of articula- tions, muscles and their accessories,and closing with rheumatism. The second class has eleven chapters, with the diseases of the digestive apparatus. This contains a very interesting part re- lating to the various intoxications. The third class treats of respiratory diseases. The fourth considers the difficult diagno- sis of cardial affections, with those of the blood vessels, of the blood and of the lymphatics. The fifth contains the nervous troubles. The sixth has the affections of the peritoneum and the hernias. The seventh brings to the reader the genito- urinary diseases, so troublesome in males or females of those animals. In the eighth we find the most common skin diseases. Few of the diseases of the eyes fill the ninth chapter. In the BIBLIOGRAPHY. 449 tenth we have the infectious diseases. The work is completed in the eleventh chapter by a concise consideration of surgery, for operations which are likely to be performed daily in practice. The book is one which will prove of much use to the prac- titioners, and will give to those who will read it much practical information. ALT, DICTIONNAIRE VETERINAIRFE (Veterinary Dictionary), By P. Cagny and H. J. Gobert. 2 large vol. in 8vo. of I500 pages and 1800 plates, some in color. Vol. I, (A—H), octavo of 768 pages. Now for sale. Library of J. B. Bailliere et Cie, 19 rue Hautefeuille, Paris. The authors have rightly thought that, besides the classical works, due to professors of schools, there was room for a practi- cal work, sczentzfic without excess, which would put at the dis- position of practitioners and students a veswmé as exact as pos- sible of actual knowledge, as well as of the indications of medi- cal and surgical therapy sanctioned by experience. The form of dictionary that they have adopted is the most convenient fora work including: anatomy, physiology, pathol- ogy, surgery, hygiene, sanitary medicine, jurisprudence, etc. ; a form which, however, is justified by the desire to allow the practitioner to find at once the information he seeks. To say that the new methods of Pasteur have had time to be appreciated and that they have proved their superiority, the time had arrived to make a selection from among the materials disseminated in journals, publications, archives of scientific so- cieties, to place at the disposition of all, who by profession or by taste, had in view the improvement and the health of ani- mals. MM. Cagny and Gobert have tried to make their dictionary a repertory truly on a level with the progress of science and of general practice, and which if needed takes the place of a com- plete library. To do this they have resorted to the experiences of all the most known among the French authors—Chauveau, Nocard, Trasbot, Cadiot, Moussu, Barrier, of Alfort; Arloing, Peuch, Cadeac, of Lyon; Leclainche, Lalaunié, Neumann, of Toulouse, and many others in civil and military service. The recent works of several foreign veterinarians have also been called to contribute to the superiority of the whole work. The addition of a very large number of plates, several of them colored, has rendered the explanation easier and their un- derstanding more complete. We have for a number of years looked for a stmilar work 1m 450 BIBLIOGRAPHY. the English language. Itis to be regretted that American vet- erinary literature should still be deficient in that, that American veterinary writers have not tried to fill the want, or that an American publisher cannot be found to assume the publication of a similar work, which we know 1s already prepared and com- plete. T1BpIlo-PERONEAL NEURECTOMY FOR THE RELIEF OF SPAVIN LAMENESS. By W. E. A. Wyman, V. S., M. D. V., author of ‘*The Clinical Diagnosis of Lameness in the Horse,” etc. New York: W. R. Jenkins, 851-853 Sixth Ave. In a small pamphlet of 30 pages, Dr. Wyman takes up an operation which was introduced to the profession in 1898 by Prof. Bossi, and first performed in America, we believe, by Dr. Adolph Eichhorn, then house surgeon at the American Veteri- nary College. Since then various American surgeons have per- formed it, but probably none so extensively as Dr. Wyman, who reports ninety-one cases in his treatise. He first gives the history of the operation, the indications for its adoption, the surgical anatomy, the sites of resection of the posterior tibial and peroneal nerves; the technique of the operations, and the sequella. After the statistical table, details of each case are given, while the results are given as 55 complete removals of lameness, 18 leaving slight lameness, and 7 unknown. In the tibial wound 65 healed by first intention, while 4o had such good results in the peroneal. Muscular hernia followed eight times, exungulation three times, fatal septic infection once. Four cases remained lame ; two fractures followed neurectomy. Those who contemplate placing this operation in their repertoire should avail themselves of Dr. Wyman’s extensive experience by securing this brochure.. R: Re. ANIMAL CASTRATION. By A. Liautard, M. D., V. M., Professor of Anatomy, etc., New York-American Veterinary College, Corresponding Member of the Société Centrale de Médecine Véterinaire, etc. Ninth Edition, revised and enlarged. With 53 plates. New York: Wm. R. Jenkins, 851-853 Sixth Avenue. This popular text-book, first issued in 1884, has reached its ninth edition, which has just emerged from the Jenkins press in a much more valuable form than ever, since many of the more modern methods of operation upon the principal procreative organs of both the male and female members of the various species of domestic animals have been added, bringing the work right up to date. The chapter, for instance, on abdominal .and inguinal cryptorchidy has been entirely rewritten, while two American surgeons (Drs. T. B. Rogers and J. Elmer Ryder) have added articles on the spaying of small animals and the caponizing of roosters. Liautard’s ‘‘ Animal Castration” is too BIBLIOGRAPHY. 451 well-known to the American veterinarian to require any ex- tended analysis here; we simply announce that it has been added to wherever progress in the art of surgery has been made, so that one may feel when referring to it that he has secured the latest and best methods of the various procedures. R.R. B. HORSE DOCTOR’S BARN BANQUET. as Nia l os Zz Ne 0% PA \ Be PHILADELPHIA, July 1.—(Spl.)—Graduates of the Veteri- nary Department of the University of Pennsylvania were ban- queted in a barn last week. The feast took place at 1336 North Marshall street, where Dr. J. J. Maher has a veterinary hospital. The long table was placed between two rows of stalls. On the floor was a foot of straw, and the stall posts were decorated with ribbons and flowers in the colors of the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Maher gave the banquet in honor of J. H. Zollinger, one of the graduates of the Veterinary Department of the University. The other guests were also the members of the class of 1902. At each cover of the 17 banqueters was a souvenir in the form of a toy horse or a toy dog, with beads for eyes. Ice cream was served. It came in shapes of horses, dogs and cows.—( Cznc7n- natt Post.) MICHIGAN has an anti-docking law, whereby all persons owning docked horses were required to register them prior to Dec. 6, 1901. It is also unlawful to bring a docked horse into the State, unless it be so registered. Fine for violation not less than $50 nor more than $250, in default of which imprisonment for not less than ninety days. 452 SOCIETY MEETINGS. SOCIETY MEETINGS. AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. THIRTY-NINTH ANNUAL MEETING AT MINNEAPOLIS, MINN., SEPT..2, 3-AND.4,,.1 902. Fleadquarters—West Hotel, the Assembly Hall of which will be used for the convention. Clinic—Veterinary Hospital, University of Minnesota, St. Anthony Park. Banquet—Thursday 8 p. M., Hotel Del Otero, Spring Park. Welcomes—His Excellency Governor R. S. Van Sant; the Mayor of Minneapolis, and Mr. W. G. Nye, Secretary of the Commercial Club. Response—Dr. Roscoe R. Bell, of New York. PAPERS TO BE OFFERED. ‘The Veterinary Profession, Past, Present and Future,” by Prof. D. McEachran, Montreal, Can. “The Relationship of Veterinary Science to the Medical Profession,” by Dr. D. King Smith, Toronto, Ont. “Hospital Management of Dogs,” by Dr. Charles Ellis, St. Louis, Mo. ‘“‘ Sidebones,” by Dr. J. S. Anderson, Seward, Neb. ‘Pathogenesis of Equine Pneumonic Emphysema,” by Dr. A. H. Baker, Chicago, III. ' Poisonous Stock Foods,” by Dr. N. S. Mayo, Manhattan, Kans. ‘‘Tctero-hzematuria in Sheep,” by Dr. M. E. Knowles, He- lena, Mont. _ “The Organization of State Veterinary Work,” by Dr. Leonard Pearson, Philadelphia, Pa. “Results of Strict Sanitary Regulations in Arizona,” by Dr. J. C. Norton, Phoenix, Ariz. ‘“‘ Malarial Fever in the Horse,” by Dr. F. Torrance, Winni- peg, Man. “External Ulcerative Ano-Vulvitis of Cattle,” by Dr. J. J. Repp, Ames, Ia. “The Care and Comfort of Domestic Animals under Vary- ing Circumstances,” by Dr. E. A. A. Grange, New York, N. Y. “Hemorrhagic Septiceemia in Cattle,” by Dr. S. D. Brim- hall, Minneapolis, Minn. SOCIETY MEETINGS. 453 “Equine Periodic Ophthalmia,” by Dr. M. Jacob, Knox- ville, Tenn. “Differential Diagnosis between Farcey, Furunculus and Bursatti,” by Dr. C. C. Lyford, Minneapolis, Minn. “Barrenness in Bovines,” by Dr. Charles Schmitt, Dodge- ville, Wis. “So-called Contagious Ophthalmia in Cattle,” by Dr. T. D. Hinebauch, Fargo, S D. “The Legitimate Field of the A. V.M. A.,” by Dr. Roscoe R. Bell, Brooklyn, N. Y. “The Life and Character of Dr. Rush Shippen Huide- koper,” by Dr. W. Horace Hoskins, Philadelphia, Pa. THE SURGICAL CLINIC. The Local Committee was unable to furnish a definite state- ment in regard to clinical data, as is usually the case, since the material obtainable is not usually known so far in advance. However, Secretary Stewart states that Dr. J. S. Anderson, of Seward, Neb., will demonstrate his operation for the treatment z- 4 as Vo ‘i FRONT VIEW OF THE NEW $25,000 VETERINARY BUILDING, UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA, WHERE THE NEXT A. V. M. A. CLINIC WILL BE HELD (108 X II7 FEET). STABLING IN THE REAR NOT SHOWN IN THIS VIEW, 454 SOCIETY MEETINGS. of ‘‘Sidebones,” Dr. Charles Schmitt, of Dodgeville, Wis., the “Treatment of Barrenness in Bovines,” Dr. C. C. Lyford, of Minneapolis, the ‘“ Treatment of Bursal Enlargements.” It is probable that as a part of the clinic there will be a display of operating tables, and their actual use demonstrated. OPERATING ROOM, WHERE THE CLINIC WILL BE HELD, AMPLE SEATING CAPACITY AND UNOBSTRUCTED VIEW OF THE RING. THE ENTERTAINMENT PROGRAMME. The Local Committee of Arrangements have planned the following entertainment for the large number of members, la- dies and visitors expected : Tuesday.—Morning: Attendance at the meeting of the A. V. M. A. Afternoon: A visit to the State University grounds and buildings. Evening: An informal reception at the West Hotel, from 7.30 to 8.30. Wednesday.—A trolley ride to Minnehaha Falls, Indian Mounds, and Como Park, St. Paul. Thursday.— Morning: A visit to the largest flouring mill in the world and to one of the saw-mills in Minneapolis. After- noon: A car-ride to Lake Minnetonka, a boat-ride on that beau- SOCIETY MEETINGS. 455 tiful lake, and at 8 p. M..a banquet at Hotel Del Otero, Spring Park. Friday.—Morning: A clinic at the University Farm. Af- ternoon and evening : Attendance at the Minnesota State Fair ; this being Minnesota Day, the races will be a special attraction - owing to “the large prizes offered. HOTEL ACCOMMODATIONS. The headquarters for the meeting will be at the West Hotel, which offers a rate of $3 per day, American Plan. The Holmes makes a rate of $2 and $2.50 per day, and the St. James, $2 per day. On the European Plan, the Hotel Hyser, rooms 75 cents to $2.50 per day; Nicolett Hotel, $1 per day and up; Russell Coffee House Co., 50 cents to $1. Members and visitors are requested to write directly to the hotels for desired accommodations and to do so at once for the hotels are likely to be crowded, as the Minnesota State Fair which will be in progress at that time will attract large numbers to the city. RATES AND RULES OF TRANSPORTATION. All of the railway associations east of the Rocky Mountains have granted the usual excursion rate of 1% fare. The full fare to be paid going and % fare return, providing the purchasers secure a certificate at the ‘starting end of the journey. Inthe area south of St. Paul, extending from Chicago to St. Louis and Kansas City, there is a special excursion rate in force, less than one full fare for the round trip, the same beginning on September 1st and good for the return trip, to October 31st. Throughout the State of Minnesota an excursion rate will be in operation on account of the State Fair. The Canadian Pacific Railway System and the Grand Trunk Railway System will doubtless grant a 1% fare excursion rate, providing the Western Passenger Eeioeiiion will honor their certificates. We hope the Canadian railways may succeed, as it will encourage attendence from the several provinces. FROM THE NEW ENGLAND STATES. President Winchester is making an extra effort to bring out as strong a delegation from the New England States as pos- sible, and has issued the following letter to ‘the profession : LAWRENCE, MaAss., July roth, 1902. DEAR Docror :—I trust the annual meeting of the American Vet- erinary Medical Association, held this year at Minneapolis, Minn., Sept. 456 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 2 to 5, will be a record-breaker in way of attendance and in the election of new members. In order that the New England States may have a representation ex- ceeding any past meeting, I take this means of bringing to your notice the most comfortable method of traveling, as well as the quickest ser- vice from New England. Should you and seventeen others arrange to go together, we can have a special car to our destination. The local committee of arrangements are planning many special feat- nres for the entertainment of all who come, more especially the ladies. It is advisable that you secure your sleeping car berth to Minneapo- lis in advance, by applying to Mr. W. W. Hall, N. E. A., Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Ry., 369 Washington Street, Boston. Should circumstances prevent your going, the money advarced for sleeping car accommodations will be cheerfully refunded. The train will leave Boston, Saturday, Aug. 30th, at 2 P. M.; Wor- cester, 3.05 Pp. M.; Springfield, 4.29 Pp. M., over the Boston and Albany, New York Central, and Michigan Central Rys., arriving Chicago 4 P. M., Sunday, Aug. 31, connecting with the ‘‘Pioneer Limited’’ of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway, leaving Chicago 6.30 P. M. Sunday Aug. 31, and reaching Minneapolis Monday, Sept. r. The total expense for the round trip, including berth and meals, will be $67.70, as follows: Rail ticket, both ways $44.70 Berth in sleeping car, $7.50 each way; ae AS 15.00 Four meals in dining car, $4 each way; = ‘ as 8.00 $67.70 From Worcester, deduct $1.35 from round-trip ticket, and from Springfield deduct $2.70. Very truly yours, J. F. WINCHESTER, President. THE TRIP BY RAIL FROM THE EAST. The majority of the Eastern veterinarians will journey to the convention by the Lehigh Valley to Buffalo, Grand Trunk to Chicago, thence by the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul to Minneapolis. We have studied the routes of a number of roads, and believe the one mapped out here will insure the greatest di- versity of scenery, comfort to travelers, and rapidity in reaching the convention city. We therefore give a short sketch of the route with time-table, so that those contemplating the trip may see the most salient features at a glance. Leaving New York at 9.30 a.M., by the Lehigh Valley Railroad, which for natural beauty, for contrasted gentleness and severity of water and mountain character its course is un- surpassed ; the road, after leaving Jersey City, runs westward across the State of New Jersey, crosses into Pennsylvania over the rocky gorge of the Delaware, and for about eighty miles follows the windings of the Lehigh river to the neighborhood SOCIETY MEETINGS. 457% of White Haven, whence having scaled the mountains, it trav- erses the romantic Wyoming and Susquehanna valleys, and entering New York, finally fetches a circuit about the lovely lakes of that region to its termini at Buffalo and Niagara Falls, the entire distance between these extremes being about four hundred and sixty-three miles. Buffalo is reached at 9.45 P. M., ~ if the day-light trip is taken over the Lehigh Valley, where only twenty minutes are spent, leaving there by the Grand Trunk Line at 10.05, where sleepers are taken, and the trip through Canada is made during the night, arriving at Chicago at 12.50 Pp. M. the next day. Enough time will be spent in the Windy City for the tourist to see many of the points of interest, as the excursion over the C., M. and St. Paul railway will start for Minneapolis at 6.30 p. M. of that day. The country traversed by this road includes the prairies of Illinois, the diversity of landscape and the rounded hills of Iowa and Minnesota, the ‘Lake Region” of Wisconsin and the gorges, cliffs and wonderful formations of the famed “ Dells” of the Wisconsin river, the picturesque and romantic scenery of the Mississippi, and the most important cities and towns of the Northwest are all included in one or an- other of its various direct routes between Chicago and the “Twin Cities.” ‘The comfort of the traveler is assured by its splendid roadbed and the fact that the most perfect and luxur- lous equipment known to modern travel is run over its lines. This schedule will land the delegate in Minneapolis at 8 A. M., after a run of ten anda half hours from Chicago. TIME-TABLE FROM NEW YORK. Leave New York, Wala), ey, We TR IR foot West 23d St., “i a 9.25 A. M.—5.40 P. M. e eDesbrosses Sti; | -“ i Oss Fa Sedona “*- Cortlandt St., 7 2 eo) ae BeAor iat Brooklyn. foot Fulton St., eS us Qrrs; - i ‘© Newark, ss is gr55.) Grete: See aSton, Ne kt lip Wee teens Steav a’ ‘« Philadelphia, we WEB rate) Ba Sevan) UC 5.39 ‘« Allentown, sea Wen. DT 5Gry yo 8.36 ‘« Reading, cone bn Oe Re TORESY eh: 6:60; 5s ‘« Harrisburg, as ss 8.00“ ‘* Mauch Chunk, ps eee he se t2 ASP aM. LO S0 ‘« Wilkesbarre, a a fee Sas a GL ‘« Ithaca, i :S LaCG pes = Geneva, $s a 7.05 3.250 As Me Arrive Buffalo, ae oc 9.45 [ot 458 SOCIETY MEETINGS. Leave es “ Grand:Trunk, 10185) ‘ BS 5riie Arrive Chicago, ag i 12/500 ss 8.45 P. M. Leave se ‘* C.M.&St. PiRy 6.70) So. Ossian Arrive Minneapolis c 8.00 A. M. 12.01 moon RaTE.—A reduced rate of one and one-third fare on the certificate plan has been granted for this occasion, which would be trom New York to Minneapolis and return via the above routes $39.35, and correspond- ingly low rates from intermediate points. DATES OF SALE.—Tickets will be on sale and good going August 28th to September 2d. SLEEPING CAR RATES.—One double lower berth from New York or Philadelphia to Chicago, $5.00; from Chicago to Minneapolis, $2.00, making $7.00 through. Drawing-room to Chicago $18.00, and $7.00 beyond, making $25.00 through. Convenient trains and good connections for the return trip. PENNSYLVANIA STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION: RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED AT THE ANNUAL MEETING, MARCH 4 AND 5, 1902. National Horse Breeding Commission. WHEREAS, It is proposed to erect a National Horsebreed- ing Commission for the purpose of encouraging the breeding of certain types of useful horses, and, WHEREAS, The good results of the work of this Commis- sion will be in proportion to the skill and expert knowledge possessed by its members, be it Resolved, 'That we heartily approve the principle of the erection of a National Commission to give advice and assistance in respect to the breeding of horses, and be it further Resolved, That we recommend that it shall be provided in the organic law erecting such a commission that the veterinary knowledge and skill of the country shall have membership representation. The Board of Veterinary Examiners. WHEREAS, It was the earnest desire of the members of the State Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners, of this organiza- tion, and of the large body of professional veterinarians through- out Pennsylvania, that the work of the Board, its methods, plans * The minutes of this meeting were published in full in the June REVIEW, many of the reports of committees and papers presented followed in the July number, while the present issue contains the remainder of papers and reports of interest to the profession at large—those omitted being County Secretaries’ reports and other matters having a purely local relation. SOCIETY MEETINGS. 459 and especially the important work now in progress should con- tinue along the same successful lines as heretofore, and, WHEREAS, Results depend largely upon practical experience, which it requires time to gain, especially in the office of Secre- tary, with its immense accumulation of detail and data, besides important daily correspondence; therefore be it Resolved, That the Pennsylvania State Veterinary Medical Association in session assembled extend its approval and a vote of thanks to our respected Governor, Hon. Wm. A. Stone, for his consideration and wisdom shown in the recent reappoint- ment to the office of the Secretary of the State Board of Veter- inary Medical Examiners, its old and experienced incumbent, Dr. W. Horace Hoskins, of Philadelphia. Clinics at the Meetings of the American Veterinary Medical Association. WHEREAS, The American Veterinary Medical Association has by its recent policy infringed upon the proper functions of State and local veterinary societies and, to a corresponding de- gree, has neglected its own appropriate field, be it Resolved, That we are emphatically of the opinion that the discussion of questions of purely local and narrow interest is not a proper use of the time of the American Veterinary Medical Association, and especially in view of the fact that many ques- tions of general and broad interest have to remain undiscussed owing to the crowded condition of the programme ; be it further Resolved, That we hereby protest against the continuance of the practice of holding surgical clinics under the auspices of and in conjunction with the meetings of the American Veter- inary Medical Association. We deem such exhibitions of no educational value, calculated to obscure the proper functions of the Association and injurious to the profession in the locality in which they are held. Dr. Rush Shippen Huidekoper. WHEREAS, We have lost through death our beloved friend and colleague, Dr. Rush Shippen Huidekoper, one of the great- est builders of the veterinary profession in America, be it Resolved, ‘That with a sense of profound loss and sorrow and with the wish to record in permanent form our appreciation of the life and service of Dr. Huidekoper, a brief history of his career shall be prepared by the Resolution Committee and spread upon the minutes of this Association. Be it further Resolved, That our sincere sympathy is extended to Mrs. Huidekoper in her great affliction. 460 SOCIETY MEETINGS. Mrs. D. E. Salmon. WHEREAS, Through the death of Mrs. Salmon, Dr. D. E. Salmon has sustained the loss of a loving and helpful consort and society has been deprived of a gentle, refining influence, be it Resolved, That we offer to Dr. Salmon our deepest sym- pathy in his loss and bereavement. Drs. Pearson and Ravenal. WHEREAS, There has already been much valuable work done at the University of Pennsylvania and is now being done under the direction of our esteemed colleagues Dr. Leonard Pearson and Dr. M. P. Ravenal in the advancement of the study of tuberculosis and tuberculin, and WHEREAS, This work has not only been most thorough but the reports upon said work most thoroughly systematized, Resolved, That we hereby encourage the continuance of this work by showing our professional appreciation at this time by a unanimous vote of commendation. The Live-Stock Santtary Board. WHEREAS, The splendid work of our Pennsylvania State Live-Stock Sanitary Board continues to attract attention and recognition at home and abroad, and WHEREAS, Its generous support and approval by the people of our own State is a source of much gratification to this Asso- ciation, therefore be it Resolved, That these most excellent results have largely followed the continuance in place and in power of our colleague Dr. Leonard Pearson. Be it further Resolved, That we commend most highly the action of our Governor in retaining our colleague in office in this board; our legislature in continuing its financial support to the work of the board, thus expressing confidence and appreciation of the successful work already accomplished. Thanks to the H. K. Mulford Company. WHEREAS, We have been instructed and entertained by a visit to the extensive and finely equipped and carefully con- ducted laboratories of the H. K. Mulford Company and have dined as guests of this company, be it Resolved, That our thanks are hereby tendered to this firm and we assure them that the visit was very much enjoyed and their hospitality is appreciated. . The Claude D. Morris Incident. WHEREAS, The American Veterinary Medical Association SOCIETY MEETINGS. 461 at its annual convention at Atlantic City, in September, 1gor, placed itself on record as to the ungzateful, unprofessional and cowardly actions of Dr. Claude D. Morris, and justly visited upon him the condign punishment of summary expulsion from -its roll of membership, and WHEREAS, This Association in convention assembled ap- proves of this prompt and proper action of that Association, and be it further Resolved, That this Association in commending this action, equally regrets and regards with great concern, the attitude of the New York State Veterinary Society in continuing to con- done this the most flagrant act of treachery in the history of veterinary medicine in America. Unity Pledge. WHEREAS, The State of Pennsylvania has developed a code of veterinary laws that in governing the practice of veterinary medicine and the control of the diseases of animals are the best in the country, but are still imperfect, and as knowledge grows and new conditions develop, will require alterations, and WHEREAS, Such legislation as now exists was secured through the efforts of the veterinary profession of the State act- ing asa unit, all difficulties being settled in convention, and a united front being presented to the legislature, and WHEREAS, Much of thefailure to secure equally good con- ditions in other states, may be traced to dissensions in the pro- fession itself, be it Resolved, That we, the members of the Pennsylvania State Veterinary Medical Association in convention assembled, real- izing the advantages resulting from a policy of unity and the suicidal folly of dividing and urging conflicting measures and recommending opposing candidates, hereby pledge ourselves and our Association, all matters of interest to us as a profession, and then striving as a harmonious and united body for the purpose decided to be the official purpose of this body. SOME THOUGHTS ON MUNICIPAL MILK INSPECTION. By J. M. Carrer, V. M. D., Philadelphia, Pa. From my actual and practical experience in the milk busi- ness in almost all its various phases and from my observation as a veterinarian practicing in one of the first dairy districts of the country, I have had an opportunity to observe and know pretty nearly the actual character of the milk consumed by the people of a large city like this, and I think I can safely say that 462 SOCIETY MEETINGS. if the consumer was to see the cow that produced the milk used on his table, and follow that milk from the cow to the table, he would use it very sparingly on his oatmeal and in his coffee, and least of all give it to his baby or sick child to drink. Of course there are some well-equipped dairies and careful dairymen, who are producing some wholesome milk, but I am speaking of the great majority of dairies as I have seen them. We all know how readily almost all germs grow and develop in milk, and how easily it becomes infected,and being consumed in the uncooked or raw state, it must be the medium by which the germs of many infectious and contagious diseases are taken into the system. The history of many epidemics of typhoid fever, scarlet fever and diphtheria, to say nothing of tuberculosis, can be traced to this source. It is hardly necessary for me to enumerate to you the placesand mode in which milk becomes contaminated. It seems to me everything is dirty in connection with milk. The stables so often dark and dampand poorly ventilated with little or no drainage—veritable breeding places for disease. ‘The cows packed as close as possible to economize room, and stables shut up tight in winter time to keep each other warm, and in the morning the air is so heavy with ammonia and offensive gases you can hardly breathe. ‘The drinking water for the cows often comes from barn wells into which can drain the barn-vard or outbuildings. At milking times the milk cans are often brought right into the stables or entry, and remain there until the milking is fin- ished, in the atmosphere laden with dust and exhalations from the cows, and in fact I have often seen the milk cans remain in the stable all night in the winter time to keep the milk from freezing. The cows are seldom or never cleaned, and covered with loose hair and exfoliating epithelium and their quarters and bellies plastered with dried or wet effete matter which is con- stantly falling into the bucket or being brushed off by the milker generally with dirty hands and dirty clothes, often wet- ting the teat with milk or froth which drips into the bucket ; or I have seen the filthy habit of spitting on the hands to wet the teats, in fact very seldom is any regard whatever paid to cleanliness or hygiene. I have seen often thick milk, stringy milk, bloody milk, all dumped into a can together, and not even when the cow puts her foot in the bucket, is the milk sel- dom rejected. The buckets and strainers are little improvement on the SOCIETY MEETINGS. 463 other procedures, especially the latter, which are generally in bad repair, only catching the larger portions of foreign matter which have dropped in, allowing the bulk of the dirt to pass through and settle to the bottom of the can. On arriving in the city in not too overly clean cans, the treatment is somewhat better, but even here milk shipped in bulk is subjected to much exposure on the R. R. platform. It is often dumped around from one can to another and sampled and tasted before taking home. Many milk houses are well-equipped, but there are many very badly, and often next to the kitchen or living room with the doors constantly open. The manner of handling bulk milk on wagons is especially bad, the cans being opened at every stop and exposed to the dusts of the streets and alleys, which is made up largely of dried horse manure and sweepings from houses. Milk in bulk leaves many temptations to the milkman. If a little short of supply how easy it is to fill up the can with skimmed milk or possibly water, and in the summer time preservatives which are found in nearly all milk houses, and in winter, coloring matter. One who has never lived in the country or been associated with the dairy business does not know these things, and the majority of consumers of milk look only at the milk as it seems before them, and think only of the Jersey cow, the green fields, the buxom dairymaid and the old spring house with its cool crystal water. These are the thoughts that present themselves to the ordinary city resident whose knowledge of the dairy is only his recollections of boyhood days or a week’s stay in the country in summer time. Such people only judge of the qual- ity of milk by its color and amount of cream it raises. Possibly a great deal of this milk, even if teeming with germs from filth and exposure, is drunk and consumed and does no apparent harm, but the manner and carelessness with which the bulk of the milk is handled certainly leaves many ways by which the milk may become contaminated with diseased germs and bring serious trouble, and I believe far greater than is as yet known. We have already some astounding reports from the few observers who have made a study of the spread of diseases through contaminated milk, but we can never know how far- reaching or how great the loss of health and life has been through our pernicious milk supply. Dr. Hart and Dr. Freeman, of New York, have collected sta- tistics of thousands of cases of diphtheria, typhoid fever and scarlet fever traced directly to the milk supply. The milk 464 SOCIETY MEETINGS. becoming infected from the cow producing it or during its hand- ling from the cow to the consumer, cholera, dysentery, acute milk poisoning and cholera infantum of children have been traced to the milk by the few who have traced the source of these diseases. Dr. Freeman has classified eseraes conveyed by milk to man into three classes: Ist. Those in which the diseased germs are introduced into the milk from the body of the diseased cow. 2d. Those in which the germs are introduced into the milk from some other source, either during or after milking. 3d. Those diseases caused by milk which contains poison- ous agents developed by bacterial growth. We shall consider the diseases under each class separately. By far the most important disease under the first class is tuber- culosis. Although disputed by some, the vast amount of evi- dence and cases recorded, both circumstantial and: positive, accidental cases seem to prove beyond a doubt that innumera- ble cases of tuberculosis in man have been caused directly by consuming milk from tuberculous cows. It is not necessary for me to cite these cases here. They are too familiar to you all. 2d. Anthrax. A few observations by infection from milk from anthrax cows have been made where the disease is more prevalent. In this country, where the disease is comparatively rare and generally so severe a form and pronounced symptoms that the milk is seldom used, at least I have no record of such. 3d. Foot and Mouth disease also comparatively unknown in this country. In England the disease has been caused in man directly by consuming milk from cows suffering from the dis- ease. Acute Enteritis. Although the number of cases are small three dogs seem to be direct evidence in two or three cases where the disease was traced directly to a cow suffering with this disease and transmitting the same to all those drinking her milk. If more observation were made I doubt more cases could be traced to the same source. Under this class also may be considered disturbances often seen in young children, as colic, cramps, vomiting and diarrhcea. These disturbances are often due to changes in the milk when a cow is suffering with garget or mammitis, even if the ropy, stringy, often pus-like milk from the effected quarter of the udder is discarded the remainder of the milk is found to be acid and has been often known to cause these disturbances when fed to infants. Similar results have SOCIETY MEETINGS. 465 been noted on feeding infants on milk from cows unduly ex- cited from any cause, especially at rutting periods, when the cow is allowed to race after other cows and often create much ex- citement in the herd. It is my belief that much of the diges- tive disturbances of infants is due to improper milk and that the cow furnishing the milk for the baby should have just as good care and food as a mother suckling her baby. Certain poisonous plants when eaten by the cow may cause no apparent disturbance to the cow, but transmit the poisonous principle to the milk, which affects infants in different ways, depending upon the character of the plant eaten. The use of | milk too soon after calving, before the milk is entirely free from colostrum, causes colicy pains, vomiting and diarrhoea in infants. Every farmer knows that if you put a six weeks old calf on a fresh cow it will cause scours, and yet he does not hesitate to dump her milk into the cans after about two or three milkings when it takes three or four days at least to free the milk from colostrum. In diseases of the second class or when the pathogenic or- ganism enters the milk outside the cow. In all epidemics due to milk there are certain characteristics upon which the source of the epidemic is concluded, as seldom or never has the germ of the disease been found in the specimen of milk obtained. The cases appear suddenly and many new cases each day, and the subsidence is equally marked when the milk supply is stopped. The houses invaded are widely distributed and not restricted to a particular part of the town. The houses of the rich are more apt to be affected than the houses of the poor, as the rich use more milk and have often a special water supply. The milk drinkers of the family are the ones mostly affected and is largely among children. In nearly all of the recorded epidemics a patient suffering with the disease has been found at the source of the milk supply. The most frequent of these epi- demics is typhoid fever, of which Dr. Hart, of New York, gives statistics of fifty epidemics with 3,500 cases, and Dr. Freeman gives statistics of 53 epidemics and 3,226 cases. In my vicinity there has been three epidemics of typhoid fever, one with 50 cases and another 260 cases, and the other nearly 100. In the two former occurring at Elkton the evidence seems perfect and traced directly to the farmer serving the milk, he having ty- phoid fever in his family and the fever being confined largely to his patrons. In the latter case at my own home, although 466 SOCIETY MEETINGS. there was typhoid fever on the farm serving the milk to the town, the cases did not confine themselves to his patrons, but existed amiong other milkmen’s patrons furnishing the town as well. Although it is known that the milkmen often bought milk from each other, there was some doubt as to the source of the trouble. Of scarlet fever, 41 epidemics with 2,393 have been reported. In nearly all these cases, as in typhoid, a patient suffering with the disease was found at the source of milk supply. Of diphtheria Dr. Freeman reported 18 epidemics with 1000 cases. Not so large a number of the epidemics of diphtheria could be traced to a case of diphtheria on the farm supplying the milk, but with diphtheria in man the attack may be so light as to have been overlooked or possibly may have been of feline origin, as cats are known to suffer with a throat trouble closely resembling diphtheria, and wheezy old cats are very common around barns, often lapping milk from the buckets and cans. An epidemic of diphtheria has recently occurred in Wayne, in which nearly every case was traced direct to the dairyman’s son, who was suffering with the disease. Cholera epidemics have been traced through the milk sup- ply to the farm furnishing the milk, either from a case of chol- era occurring on the premises or in the water used to dilute the milk. In those cases of typhoid fever and scarlet fever where no case existed on the farm, it may have been the water supply on the farm which was polluted, as the farm wells are often drained by barn yards or out-buildings, and it is a common cus- tom for farmers to rinse the buckets and cans in this water and fill the cans with the rinsings. Disease caused by milk which contains poisonous agents de- veloped by bacterial growth. A few cases of this kind have been recorded, in which a large number of people were effected and on examination the tyrotoxicon of Dr. Vaughn was found in. the milk. This poisonous ptomaine is the result of the growth of a certain bacteria, which is commonly found in cheese. In summing up the evidence of the records just given, we may conclude that infection from milk is well established in typhoid fever, scarlet fever, diphtheria, tuberculosis, cholera, foot-and-mouth disease, acute enteritis, possibly anthrax. Acute milk poisoning in infants resembling cholera infantum is frequent, but seldom traced to the proper source. SOCIETY MEETINGS. 467 Acute poisoning of adults by milk containing tyrotoxin has occurred. All this is known of the recorded epidemics that have occurred, while many cases are never recorded and many more are never traced to their source. I believe all this sick- ness and death, directly due to contaminated milk, is to a great extent preventable by proper legislation concerning the inspection of dairies and the handling of milk which is fur- nished to our cities and towns. A study of these epidemics and the evils which have arisen and are arising every day teaches us: 1st. That wherever a communicable infectious disease is re- ported a rigid and careful inquiry into the sonrce of the milk supply should be made. 2d. Proper legislation should be made concerning the in- spection of dairies and the handling of milk. 3d. In each city or town should be a special committee or bureau to look after the milk supply, also to enforce the laws and to have charge of the inspection and to whom all out- breaks or deaths from contagious diseases should be reported that the farm and dairy could be examined in search of the cause of the trouble. 4th. That each farmer desiring to ship milk for consumption should be compelled to take out a license for the same and that his dairy, stabling, water supply and dairy apparatus were in proper condition to produce wholesome milk. 5th. There should be sufficient inspectors appointed and paid by the town to which the milk is furnished to inspect each dairy at least every three months to see that the cows are healthy and that the rules of the bureau are being enforced. 6th. That the methods of handling milk in bulk be abolished, and all milk used for food purposes to be consumed raw to be bottled and sealed on the farm, and that seal not broken until it reaches the consumer, and thus avoid much exposure and any tampering or contamination after leaving the farm. Also that each bottle should be stamped day and date and name of shipper. 7th. All whole milk shipped in bulk or skimmed milk which is largely used for cooking, but if used raw should be heated to at least 155° F. The skimmed milk which largely comes from creameries is certainly unsafe to feed a child, as it is submitted to any amount of exposure, and preservatives are used very freely in skimmed milk. We have all seen too many cases of tuberculosis among calves fed on creamery skimmed milk not to condemn it for infant feeding. 468 SOCIETY MEETINGS. How a people in this enlightened age can go on year after year buying and consuming a product produced and marketed with such negligence as regards purity, cleanliness and health- fulness seems like a relic of barbarism. I believe it is our duty to mankind as veterinarians and knowing this evil to expose these facts on all occasions and in every way and to use every effort to establish the milk supply of our cities and milk supply in general on a proper basis, and if we suceeed in this it will be one of the biggest and greatest works done to our credit. VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION OF NEW JERSEY. The semi-annual meeting of the Veterinary Medical Associ- ation of New Jersey was held at Stetter’s Assembly Hall, 842 Broad St., Newark, on Thursday, July roth, and the following members responded to roll-call :—Drs. A. W. Axford, A. Brown, T’. Earle Budd, D. J. Dixon, J. M. Everitt, J. By Pienaar Fredericks, J. O. George, James T. Glennon, G. P. Harker, W. F. Harrison, R. O. Hasbrouck, E. A. Hogan, J. B. Hopper, B. F. King, E. L. Loblein, Seth Lockwood, Wm. Herbert Lowe, A. P. Lubach, Chas. T. Magill, E. Mathews, James T. McDonough, James M. Mecray, John M. Mitchell, John P. Mathews, R. F. Meiners, E. R. Ogden, George W. Pope, Werner Runge, T. E. Smith, A. T. Sellers, M. M. Stage, S. S. Treadwell, . BE. Tut tle, and H. Van der Roest. Hon. S. B. Ketcham, of the State Tuberculosis Commission, and Dr. Samuel Glasson, veterinarian in the U.S. Army and on a two months’ leave of absence after a term of service in the Philippines, were in attendance as guests of the Association. The following. approved applications for membership were in the hands of the Secretary: Dr. Phineas Bridge, Montclair ; Dr. G. Walter Dilkes, Mullica Hills; Dr. John L. McCoy, Sus- sex; Dr. John C. Petersen, Jersey City; Dr I> Bogeeees Woodbury ; Dr. George B. Vliet, Hackettstown ; and Dr. Thos. H. Ripley, Newark. Upon ballot the above were unanimously elected to membership. Drs. Bridge, Dilkes, Rogers and Vliet were present and were introduced by Dr. Lowe. Great interest centered in the report of the Committee on Legislation, and as Dr. Budd, Chairman, recounted the work of the committee and the efforts put forth on behalf of the bill, which has now become a law and is for the regulation of the practice of veterinary medicine, surgery and dentistry in the State of New Jersey, no one present could fail to be impressed SOCIETY MEETINGS. 469 with the fact that in organization there is power if in the organization there be a common aim and men who are willing to sacrifice time, money and energy without expectation of per- sonal aggrandizement. The impression prevails that the story was not half told by Dr. Budd. Men who achieve are usually endowed with a corresponding modesty and it must be left to others than the members of this committee to fully narrate the difficulties met, the tact displayed and the untiring energy ex- ~ hibited by those to whom the Association entrusted this impor- tant measure. He would be a dull man who in the light of the passage of this act could not see the veterinary profession of New Jersey reaching a higher plane. He would be a poor asso- ciation member who after listening to the report of the Legisla- tion Committee did not ‘‘enthuse” or feel proud to be affiliated with an organization which stood for advancement, and thus may be explained a feeling of optimism and dignity which per- vaded the meeting held at Newark on the roth. After the report of the Legislation Committee had been re- ceived with thanks, Dr. Lowe was called from the room, and, with Dr. Budd in the chair, a purse was raised and a committee dispatched to purchase a sterling silver dinner set for presenta- tion to Dr. Lowe in recognition of the effort put forth by him in behalf of the recently enacted law. The presentation was made at the close of the banquet and will be referred to later. Under ‘‘ New Business,” Vice-President Budd again assumed the chair in order to enable President Lowe to present several matters which are here given as presented to the Association. RECOGNITION OF THE PASSAIC COUNTY VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. (Motion by Dr. Lowe.) ‘“Mr. PRESIDENT :—I take great pleasure in reporting that ten regular practitioners of veterinary medicine, resident in Passaic County, met at my office in the citv of Paterson on Monday evening, July 7th, 1902, and organized a Passaic County Veterinary Medical Association. “Tt is the intention and purpose of this organization to be in affiliation with the Veterinary Medical Association of New Jersey, and it was resolved that the Passaic County Veterinary Medical Association should be to the veterinary profession of the county what this association is to the profession of the State. “The members of the local organization pledged themselves 470 SOCIETY MEETINGS. to do all in their power as individuals and as members of the society to advance and promote the common interests of the profession in the county of Passaic. ‘“’The veterinarians of the various counties wherever there are a sufficient number of practitioners to warrant it, should organize county societies in their respective counties. Nothing in my opinion would strengthen the State Association more than live county societies. “The organization of the Passaic County Veterinary Medical Association, I predict, is only the beginning of a movement to es- tablish similar local organizations throughout the respective coun- ties of the State. Mr. President, I have the honor to announce the Passaic Veterinary Medical Association, duly organized in said county (as the first born). I now move you, in behalf of the local organization that the Veterinary Medical Association of New Jersey now in convention assembled, officially recognize, declare and accept the said Passaic County Veterinary Medical Association as the county organization of the county of Passaic in the State of New Jersey, with all the rights and privileges belonging or appertaining to a county association, so long as nothing i in its constitution, by-laws or code of ethics shall be in- consistent or conflict with the constitution, by-laws or code of ethics of the Veterinary Medical Association of New Jersey.” The motion was unanimously carried. Dr. Lowe then spoke of the tireless and able efforts of Sena- tor Wood McKee, which rendered possible the recent veterinary legislation in the ‘State. Also reference was made to the evi- dent approval on the part of Gov. Murphy of the efforts of the association to secure proper and necessary veterinary legislation. It was moved and carried that the by-laws be suspended and the above gentlemen elected Honorary Members of the Veterinary Medical Association of New Jersey. MINNEAPOLIS PARTY COMMITTEE. (Motion by Dr. Lowe,) “Tt is fresh in our minds how only last September the rep- resentative veterinarians of America journeyed from far and near to Atlantic City, upon invitation of the Veterinary Medi- cal Association of New Jersey, to attend the international vet- erinary convention held at this mecca by the sea. A cordial and hearty invitation is now extended by the veterinarians of Minnesota to the veterinarians of New Jersey to visit them on the occasion of the forthcoming annual meeting of the Ameri- SOCIETY MEETINGS. A471 can Veterinary Medical Association at Minneapolis, Sept. 2d, 3d and 4th. The wives and families of members are included in this invitation. The social features of the annual meetings of the A. V. M. A. are becoming greater and greater every year. Specialists 1n every phase of veterinary science, as well as the general practitioner, will find much at this meeting of value - and interest to them. In fact, no progressive up-to-date practi- tioner can afford not to attend this great veterinary meeting in September. Special railroad rates will be allowed. Let us, with neighboring States, form an Eastern party and charter a car. I move, Mr. President, that a Minneapolis Party Commit- tee be appointed and that this committee be authorized to form a Minneapolis party which shall include veterinarians of neigh- boring States who may desire to join the party, and if a sufficient number pledge themselves to join the party to warrant it, to make arrangements and charter a special car.”’ The motion was carried and the following were appointed a committee: Drs. T. E. Smith, of Jersey City ; James M. Mecray, of Maple Shade, and G. F. Harker, of Trenton. This committee was able to report before the meeting ad- journed that a rate of $53.35. for the round trip, New York to Minneapolis and return, had been quoted to them by one of the transportation lines and that the above amount would include accommodations in the sleeping car provided 18 would attend. The enactment of the new State law made necessary a change inthe constitution, and accordingly an amendment was proposed and came up for first reading. ‘This amendment pro- vides that candidates for membership entering the profession on or after the first Monday in May, 1902, must be licensed by the State Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners and be registered in conformity with the provisions of Chap. 18, Laws of 1902. Hon. S. B. Ketcham addressed the members on the growing need of well-educated and qualified veterinarians and urged that the efforts of the association to secure an educated and com- petent line of practitioners be continued in the future as it had been in the past. Recognition of the veterinary profession in the military ser- vice was discussed, and the President urged that action be taken toward having it fittingly recognized in rank and title. The Secretary was instructed to communicate with the military off- cials at Trenton, calling attention to this condition. At 1.30 adjournment was made for dinner and about fifty members gathered about the board in Stetter’s dining hall. At 472 SOCIETY MEETINGS. the conclusion of the dinner Dr. T. B. Rogers. on behalf of fellow-members, presented Dr. Lowe with a set of dinner table silver. In making the presentation Dr. Rogers said in part: ‘Dr. Lowe, you found us a scattered profession; you have bound us together. You found us without the pale of the law ; you have placed a protecting arm around us. In behalf of the profession you have united, I have great pleasure in offering you this little token of our regard.” At the afternoon session Dr. James T. McDonough’s paper entitled ‘‘ The Horse’s Foot”? was discussed at length. Dr. McDonough proved his statements by practical demon- stration and answered all objections in a clean-cut manner, which strengthened the general impression that he is an author- ity upon lameness and shoeing. Owing to the lateness of the hour, Dr. James M. Mecray’s paper, upon “Some of the Necessary Qualifications for Produc- ing Wholesome and Clean Milk,” was not read, it being voted that the paper be presented by Dr. Mecray at the next meeting. A ballot was taken to decide upon the place of next meet- ing. Some favored Lakewood and others Jersey City, but the majority of the ballots were cast for Trenton, and later the vote was made unanimous that the next meeting be held at Trenton on the second Thursday in January, 1903. At 4 P.M. the meeting was adjourned to the Newark City Hospital, where Dr. Werner Runge, veterinarian of the Newark Board of Health, gave a demonstration of the methods of pro- ducing antitoxin serums, and Dr. T. B. Rogers performed three neurectomy operations. A vote of thanks was extended to Dr. Runge, Dr. Rogers and the hospital management for their kindness in making the clinic such a successful feature of the meeting, and the members departed for their homes well satis- fied that the day had been a profitable one. GEORGE W. POPE, Secretary. PASSAIC COUNTY VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSO- CLA TION. Drs. W. J. Reagan, M. A. Pierce, Alexander Machan, David Machan, T. J. Cooper, Harry K. Berry and William Herbert Lowe, all of Paterson; Dr. George W. Pope, of Athenia; Drs. A. P. Lubach and J. Payne Lowe, of Passaic, met at Dr. Wil- liam Herbert Lowe’s office, cor. Paterson and Van Houten streets, Paterscn, N. J., at 8 p. M. on Monday, July 7, 1902, in SOCIETY MEETINGS. 473 response to a call for a meeting of the veterinarians of Passaic county, for the purpose or organizing a Passaic county veterin- ary medical association. Dr. William Herbert Lowe called: the meeting to order at 8.30 P. M., stated the object of the meeting, and briefly outlined the advantages and benefits of a county society. It was moved and carried that a county organization be formed, and that a president, first vice-president, second vice-president, secretary and treasurer be elected. The election resulted as follows : President—Dr. William Herbert Lowe. First Vice-President—Dr. David Machan. Second Vice-President—Dr. T. J. Cooper. Secretary—Dr. Alexander Machan. Treasurer—Dr. M. A. Pierce. It was regularly moved and carried that an Executive Com- mittee of five be appointed by the chair. The chair appointed on such committee Dr. George W. Pope (chairman), Dr. Harry K. Berry, Dr. Anthony P. Lubach, Dr. William J. Reagan and Dr. J. Payne Lowe. Dr. David Machan moved that the next meeting be held July 14, and that the county association meet monthly there- after ; that the regular monthly meetings be held on the second Monday evening of each month. Carried. On motion of Dr. Alexander Machan, the meeting adjourned to meet Monday evening, July 14, at the same place and hour. An adjourned meeting was held at Dr. Lowe’s office, Pater- son, N. J., on Monday evening, July 14. President Lowe called the meeting to order at 8.30 o’clock. Dr. David Machan was requested to act as Secretary, in the absence of his brother. The following practitioners of Passaic county answered to their names: Drs. Harry K. Berry, T. J. Cooper, John H. Degraw, William H. H. Doty, William C. Ferguson, M. A. Pierce, Paterson; George W. Pope, Athenia ; William Herbert Lowe, Paterson ; J. Payne Lowe, Passaic; A. P. Lubach, Passaic; David Machan and William J. Reagan, Paterson. Dr. Fredericks, of Delewanna, telephoned that he had been detained and could not reach the meeting in time, and requested the President to announce to the meeting that he would stand by whatever the majority did at the meeting. Dr. Berry stated that he had received a letter from Dr. Brooks (who is away on a vacation), and that he expressed himself as heartily in favor of the movement. 474 SOCIETY MEETINGS. The President reported that the Veterinary Medical Associ- ation of New Jersey at its semi-annual meeting in Newark on the roth instant, had passed resolutions officially recognizing the local organization as the Passaic County Veterinary Medi- cal Association, duly constituted as such in full affiliation with ' the State Association. The State Association congratulated the veterinarians of Passaic county on starting the movement and on being the first to organize a county association in the State, and expressed the hope that the practitioners of other counties, whenever, and as the number of veterinarians would warrant it, would form county associations in their respective counties. Dr. Reagan moved that the chair appoint a committee on constitution, by-laws and code of ethics, which was carried. The chair appointed on such committee Drs. Ferguson (chair- man), Doty and Reagan. Dr. Doty moved that the chair appoint a special committee to prepare and present a table of fees and rates of charges for professional services on similar lines with the table of fees of the Medical Society of New Jersey, for the government of the members of this association. Carried. The chair appointed on such committee Drs. J. Payne Lowe (chairman), Fredericks and Degraw. Dr. Cooper moved that the matter of making a blacklist of ‘dead beats”? be taken up at the next meeting. Carried. Violations of the provisions of the new veterinary law (Chapter 18, Laws of 1902) were reported, and as the said en- actment prohibits all persons not registered before the first Monday in May, 1902, from entering upon or continuing the practice of veterinary medicine, surgery, or dentistry in any of their branches in the State of New Jersey without being licen- sed by the State Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners and registered at the County Clerk’s office in conformity with the provisions of the act, it was decided to procure evidence of vio- lations in this county for the purpose of prosecuting offenders. The association decided to furnish evidence and otherwise aid the State Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners in convicting persons guilty of violating any of the provisions of Chapter 18, Laws of 1902. It was moved and carried that Dr. J. Payne Lowe be re- quested to prepare and present a paper on ‘‘ Veterinary Ethics ” at the September meeting of the association (September 8th, 1902). On motion, the meeting adjourned to meet at the next regu- SOCIETY MEETINGS, 475 lar meeting night (Monday, August 11), at the same time and place. DAVID MACHAN, Secretary pro tem. This is to certify that we, the subscribers, practitioners of veterinary medicine, surgery and dentistry, of the County of Passaic, State of New Jersey, upon the invitation of Dr. William Herbert Lowe, met at his office, corner of Paterson and Van Houton’ streets, Paterson, N. J., on — Monday evening, July 7, 1902, and organized a Passaic County Veteri- nary Medical Association, and that it is the intention and purpose ot this organization to be in affiliation with the Veterinary Medical Asso- ciation of New Jersey, incorporated April 15, 1885, under an act of the Legislature for the promotion of veterinary science and art. Itis hereby resolved, that this society shall be to the veterinary profession of Pas- saic county what the Veterinary Medical Association of New Jersey is to the veterinary profession of the State. We do further hereby pledge ourselves to do all in our power as in- dividuals and as members of this organization to advance and promote the common interests of the profession in this county. (Signed) WILLIAM HERBERT LOWE, DAVID MACHAN, T. J. COOPER, ALEXANDER MACHAN, MA PIBREE, GEORGE W. POPE, Harry K. BERRY, ANTHONY P. LUBACH, WILLIAM J. REAGAN, J. PAYNE LOWE, (ane jst Isl 1Dyouwe WILLIAM C. FERGUSON, | JOHN H. DEGRAW. Signed July 14th, 1902. NEW YORK STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL SOCIETY. The programme for the annual meeting, which occurs Sep- tember 9 and 10 (week following the A. V. M. A.), at Brook- lyn, is developing very satisfactorily, and there is every indica- tion that the splendid records made in 1900 and 1gor will be eclipsed this year. While at the hour of closing the REVIEW forms, the arrangements are not sufficiently completed to pro- duce a systematic programme, enough is known to guarantee a full literary calendar and a clinic that will be the best in its history. Dr. George H. Berns, at whose enlarged infirmary the surgical clinic will take place, has furnished us with the follow- ing list of demonstrations which he is arranging for : “Ovariotomy in the Mare,” ‘Ovariotomy in the Bitch, median line and flank,” ‘ Extirpation of the Membrana Nicti- tans from the Horse,” ‘“ Radical Operation for Toe-Crack,” 476 SOCIETY MEETINGS, ‘‘ Radical Operation for Quarter-Crack,” ‘‘ Removal of Lateral Cartilage,’ ‘‘ Arytenectomy,” ‘‘ Tibio-Peroneal Neurectomy,” ‘Plantar Neurectomy, standing,” ‘‘ Peroneal Tenotomy,” ‘ Op- thalmoscopical Demonstrations,” ‘“‘ New Method of Suturing Shoe-Boil after Extirpation,”’ ‘‘ Demonstration of the Use of Stocks,” ‘ Fixation of the Knee for Dropped Elbow, etc.,” ‘‘Operations on the Tail,’ ‘‘ Dental Operations,” ‘ Median Neurectomy,” and others if. time will permit. The operators who have agreed to be on hand are Drs. George H. Berns, Charles E. Clayton, W. L. Williams, E. B. Ackerman, George G. Van Mater, Charles S. Atchison,’ C. EK... Shaw, HeasGale William F* Doyle, Elishu Hanshew, Joseph R. Hodgson, R. W. McCully, Robert W. Ellis, and probably others who have not been heard from. The September REVIEW, which will, on account of the meeting of the A. V. M. A., be published earlier than usual, will announce the completed literary programme. At this early date, however, we are enabled to announce: ‘The Etiology of Shoe-Boil,” Dr. G. J. Goubeaud, Brooklyn. ‘Veterinary Dentistry,’ by Dr. Robert W. Ellis, of Man- hattan. “Retained Placenta,” by Dr. W. L. Williams, of Ithaca. Dr. T. S. Childs, of Saratoga Springs, is preparing a paper, while Drs. Veranus A. Moore, Simon H. Gage, and Pierre A. Fish, of Ithaca, will also have interesting contributions to the programme, and there will undoubtedly be no lack of papers, though it has been suggested that fewer papers, better dis- cussed, are preferable to the opposite condition. The arrangements for handling the programme are some- what different this year than formerly. The convention will be called to order at 10 A. M., and the business of the society disposed of as rapidly as is consistent with thoroughness, so that the literary programme may be begun on reassembling after luncheon ; and then the entire afternoon and evening will be devoted to the reading and discussion of papers. On the morning of the second day the members will assemble at the surgical clinic, where the forenoon and part of the afternoon will be consumed, after which the Entertainment Committee will take charge of the guests, and will keep them profitably and pleasantly occupied until it is time for trains. THE ILLINOIS VETERINARY MEDICAL AND SURGICAL AS- SOCIATION will hold its thirteenth semi-annual meeting at the NEWS AND ITEMS. 427 Brunswick Hotel, Decatur, Il]., August 14th and 15th. The fol- lowing papers are announced : “‘ Lymphangitis,”’ N. P. Whitmer, Gardner; ‘‘ Dermatorrhagia,” C. A. Hurlbutt, Stonington ; ‘“‘ Bone Spavin,” W. J. Martin, Kankakee ; ‘‘ Erysipelas,” J. W. Marsh, Illiopolis ; ‘‘ Nephritis,” J. M. Reed, Mattoon ; ‘“ Entro- pion and Ectropion,” S. H. Swain, Decatur ; ‘“ Eczema,” V. G.. Hunt, Arcola; ‘“ Tetanus,’ R. W. Brathwaite, Champaign ; “‘ Hysteria,” W. A. Swain, Mt. Pulaski. NEWS AND ITEMS. Dr. RICHARD H. Powers has been appointed Veterinary Surgeon in the U. S. Army, and assigned to the Artillery serv- ice at Fort Walla Walla, Washington. Dr. AND Mrs. W. Horace HOSKINS, of Philadelphia, are traveling in the West, being in Minneapolis on July roth, from whence they proceeded to Yellowstone Park. Dr. ROSCOE R. BELL, of Brooklyn, N. Y., has been selected to act as official veterinarian to the Bay Shore (L. I.) Horse Show, which takes place on the 8th and oth inst. Dr. JAMES R. MOSEDALE, of Morristown, N. J., has recently completed the erection of a large veterinary hospital which he expects to equip with the latest appliances. The Doctor is also building a handsome residence. HERMAN WELLNER, V. S., was dismissed by Commissioner Lederle, of the New York Board of Health, July 1, for irregular- ities in the conduct of his office of deputy veterinary inspec- tor for Queens Borough. The veterinarian has, we under- stand, appealed from the Commissioner’s action. OREN D. Pomeroy, M. D., formerly professor of ophthal- mology at the American Veterinary College, died in May. At a meeting of the New York Otological Society of which the de- ceased was one of the founders, resolutions attesting the sorrow of the members and their appreciation of his woth, were adopted. A C#SAREAN HEROINE.—According to the Berliner Klin- tsche Wochenschrift, June 2,a little woman with a rachitic pelvis had four separate Caesarean operations performed upon her by the same surgeon (Charles). Three of the children, together with the mother are still living ; the other child died of bronchitis at thirteen months. Dr. GEORGE R. WHITE, of Nashville, Tenn., had the mis- fortune to have had his baby bitten by a rabid dog on June 3, the animal dying on the 6th. The doctor and Mrs. White took 478 NEWS AND ITEMS. their child to the Pasteur Institute, St. Louis, for the eighteen- day treatment, and there is every reason to believe that all dan- ger has now passed. | PRoF. SAMUEL IT. MAYNARD, one of the oldest and most respected of the faculty of the Massachusetts Agricultural Col- lege, has been forced to resign by the trustees, and the alumni and friends of the college are incensed, and it is predicted that trouble is brewing for the trustees, a political board. Dr. M. C. McCLaIn, Jeromeville, Ohio, is slowly convalesc- ing from septic infection of both arms, contracted from a case of parturition in a cow which he was attending. He was confined to his room for three weeks, and describes his convalescence as very tedious. Dr. McClain’s experience simply emphasizes the precautions which veterinarians should exercise under such con- ditions. LYMAN & LYMAN, veterinarians, 332 Newbury Street, Bos- ton, Mass., is the new firm just established, composed of Dr. Charles P. Lyman (late dean of the Veterinary School of Har- vard University and of Lyman & Osgood), and his son, Dr. Richard P. Lyman, recently in practice at Hartford, Conn. A new building has been splendidly fitted up as a modern veteri- nary hospital, with accommodations for horses, dogs and cats. We wish them much success. CoL. ALBERT A. PoPpE, Boston, who a few years ago pre- dicted that ‘‘the horse will be unknown in three years in cities of any size,” is at present suffering with a broken arm, the frac- ture being caused by a fall from his horse. Col. Pope was first the apostle of the bicycle, of which he was an extensive manu- facturer, and later invested much money in automobiles, but of late he has joined the Metropolitan Road Drivers’ Association in the ‘‘Hub” and now remarks that ‘‘ the horse is good enough for him.”—( Breeder's Gazette. ) VETERINARY COLLEGES OF GREAT BRITAIN.—Students are now loose for a season, and the members who wanted to write M. R. C. V. S. after their names know whether they have suc- ceeded or not. The condition of veterinary education in Scot- land is peculiar. England has one veterinary college, Scotland -has three. There is no reason in the nature of things why such should be the case, and certainly the superfluity of colleges is not due to the superfluity of students. This remark always applied, but it has acquired redoubled force during the past two years. Previous to that time a large proportion of the students attend- ing the Scots colleges came from Ireland, but the new move- NEWS AND ITEMS. 479 ment in Irish agricultural education included a veterinary col- lege, which has been started in Dublin under the control of Professor Metlam, who was transferred from the Royal (Dick) College in Edinburgh. This college has, of course, diverted the stream of Irish youths, and the Glasgow and Edinburgh colleges are to that extent the poorer. The oldest college in Scotland - is the Royal (Dick), founded in Edinburgh three-quarters of a century ago by the famous Professor Dick. It is the only one of the three blessed with an endowment, but even with this and more than a third of all the students attending the Scots col- leges, it is not self-supporting. The New Veterinary College in Edinburgh was founded by the late Principal Williams, be- tween whom and the trustees of the Dick College there was some feud. The fame of the teacher attracted many of the best students to its classrooms, but now that he is gone it can hardly be expected to maintain itself. Even in Principal Williams’ day the college was only kept going by the aid of a lucrative private and consulting practice. The same remark applies to all the colleges, and it can easily be seen that it is impossible to keep efficient teachers on such terms. The Glasgow col- lege was started many years ago by Professor McCall, one of the shrewdest and most cautious of practitioners and experi- menters, and at the same time as fine a lecturer as ever ad- dressed a bench of students or an audience of farmers. The popular professor is getting up in years and naturally desires to get rid of his burden. The partial endowment of the Irish col- lege with public money has naturally led to a demand for simi- lar treatment to the Scots colleges. But the Government has a very effective reply. It cannot give grants of public money to private ventures. The consequence is that there are now before the country various schemes for bringing the colleges under public control, but it may safely be concluded that the first step towards the desired goal must be a union of all the Scots colleges. This would give Scotland a splendid position in the veterinary world, as it is admitted she is easily first in respect of clinical work and meat inspection. In all that concerns the protection of public health, Scotland is far ahead of England or Ireland.—(.Scottzsh Letter in Farm- ers Advocate, Winnipeg, Manitoba, July 5.) ONE white foot: buy a horse. Two white feet: try a horse. Three white feet: look well about him. Four white feet: go without him. PUBLISHERS - GDEPARTMENT Subscription price, $3 per annum, invariably in advance; foreign countries, $3.60; students while attending college, 2; single copies, 25 cents. Rejected manuscripts will not be returned unless postage ts forwarded. Subscribers are earnestly requested to notify the Business Manager immediately upon changing their address. Alex. Eger, 34 East Van Buren St., Chicago, Ill., Veterinary Publisher and dealer in Veterinary Instruments, Books, and Drugs, is the authorized agent for the REVIEW in Chicago and the Middle West, and will receive subscriptions and advertisements at publishers rates. ra ee a IN perusing the ‘‘ Bulletins ’’ this month, for new features and new things that may be of value to them, REVIEw readers will find, among other changes, a change in the price of eserine, in the list of ‘Soluble Hypodermic Tablets, Veterinary,’’ prepared by the Buntin Drug Co., whose advertisement occupies pages 10 and 11 (ad. dept.). The great increase in price of this valuable, and almost indispensable alkaloid in veterinary practice, we are informed, is due to its scarcity ; so that it must be borne with patiently, hoping that it may soon settle again, within more convenient reach of veterinarians, who are obliged to em- ploy not less than a grain at a dose. FLUID Extracts, at the top of the back cover page, attract no little attention ; but they are attracting a much more earnest attention in their application to actual practice, by their uniformity of action. Parke, Davis & Co. ‘ standardize them,’’ that accounts for their uniformity of action, and dependable results. ONE may almost grow poetic, when thinking of the preparations of Charles Marchand, ‘‘ Hydrozone’’ and ‘‘ Glycozone,’’ as they are ‘‘ ever the same,’’ standard and excellent. No more need be said of them. PLANTEN’S CAPSULES are sufficiently stout to withstand the summer heat, and are found very convenient for the administration of the liquid stimulant, camphor and ether (popular with veterinarians in exhausting fevers), for the same reason. EImMER & AMEND, the leading metropolitan wholesale drug house in veterinary supplies, have recently demonstrated their especial interest in the veterinary practitioner, by preparing a ‘‘ Veterinary Glycerin Suppository,’’ convenient to carry in the satchel in little screw-top glass jars, and prompt in its results. It has proven itself to be even more than was claimed for it. It is economical as well as convenient and efficacious, as, after its expulsion, with the feecal matter or flatus, as the case may be, due to the absorption from its surface, it may be picked up, rinsed off, and returned to its jar, ready for the next case, and so continued until entirely absorbed. PRACTICE FOR SALE. For Sale. —Valuable sea-shore and inland practice. Good locality and plenty of work the year around. Practice yielding $3,000 and more per year for last 11 years. Present owner’s health not good, Address EsrABLISHED, care of AM, VET. REVIEW, 509 W, 152d Street, New York. AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW. SEPTEMBER, 1902. All communications for publication or in reference thereto should be addressed to Prof, Roscoe R. Bell, Seventh Ave. & Union St., Borough of Brooklyn, New York City. EDITORIAL. EUROPEAN CHRONICLES. DECIDEDLY old Europe tries her best to imitate young America, but her attempts, good as they may be, are, Dzeu merci, not as successful as they might be; and, indeed, if our thermometers struggle hard to reach the nineties of New York, if the sun pours its scorching rays over our perspiring foreheads and chases everybody out of town, yet there remains a great difference between New York and Paris; and, although once again sun-bonnets for horses, gaily ornamented with ribbons, have reappeared, scientific societies are still keeping open, but at the same time preparing for the general vacation. To-day I was to the last meeting of the season of the Société de Médecine Veterinaire Pratique, as I would not miss the oc- casion of getting a good subject for this chronicle. On the programme was announced remarks from Prof. Nocard on tu- berculosis. Our friends will remember that I have given them notice of a series of experiments which were to be made by the learned professor, to the effect of settling the question of the degree of virulency of both human and bovine tuberculosis. I was, however, disappointed. Prof. Nocard was not able to re- port, as the results could not be made known. ‘The subjects on experiment are showing evidences of being infected, but to what extent cannot be said until post-mortems are made, which will 481 482 EDITORIAL. be in a very short time, most probably in time for my next. At any rate, I do not think that they will vary much from what has already been observed by others. And among those I might mention the conclusions of Dr. A. De Yong, who con- tributes to the Axzales de Bruxelles an article on comparative experiments upon the pathogeneous action on animals, especially those of bovine species, of the tuberculous bacilli of cattle and of man. ‘The doctor has shown that (1) human tuberculous bacilli can produce tuberculosis in cattle; (2) that it can also produce it in all other domestic animals (sheep, goat, dog and monkey); (3) that tuberculosis given to those animals with human tuberculous bacilli is generally less serious than that produced by bacilli of bovine origin; (4) that consequently z¢ may be admitted that the bacillus of bovines possesses a superior virulency to that of human origin [italics are mine]—this is what the experiments of Nocard will also prove ; (5) that it can- not be accepted that the superiority of virulency of the human tuberculous bacilli so manifested in comparative experiments upon cattle, sheep, goat, dog and monkey, cannot be equally demonstrated for man; (6) that it follows that man, as a factor of tuberculous infection towards cattle, is of much less import- ance than cattle considered as a factor of infection for man ; (7) and consequently, that to the human hygienic point of view, bovine tuberculosis deserves more attention than it has hereto- fore received. * * “MEDICAL HrroisM.”—Under this heading one of our French contemporaries considers the case of Dr. Garnault, who, I wrote you some time ago, had offered himself for experi- mental purposes to Prof. Koch. Dr. Garnault having failed to obtain what he desired from the German bacteriologist, and, notwithstanding the advice that was given to him, decided to take the matter in his own hands, and proceeded to inoculate himself. On June 17 last, assisted by three physicians, the operation was performed by the doctor himself. The substance of a tu- EDITORIAL. 483 bercular bronchial gland, taken from a tuberculous cow, was crushed in a sterilized mortar, laid over the forearm, where it remained attached by a bandage for two hours, the skin of the forearm having been relieved of its epidermis on a small surface by the application of a little blister. What are the chances of infection or no infection? Will the result be negative or not? Perhaps the Doctor is refractory to tuberculosis. So numerous are the individuals that live in surroundings absolutely contagious, and yet do not become tu- berculous, and, again, this negative result would not prove that bovine tuberculosis is not transmissible to man. And there the question still remains, until Dr. G., according to his prom- ise, renews, continues and modifies his modes of infection. .. . Let us then wait, and until the time has come the number of medical heroes will not be increased, * s x Dr. PHYSALIX’S ANTI-DISTEMPER SERUM.—I am somewhat embairassed. While, if from what I have seen here, and from what I have read, I am rather inclined to object to the Physalix mode of vaccination against distemper, I cannot ignore the efforts made by the Doctor, throw altogether aside a method which certainly has some value, and, above all, when I have read the paper and studied the numerous statistics that are presented in the Progrés Medical of last month. ‘Think of it: a tecord of 1250 cases, with the form of disease, complications, etc., etc., and which, according to the conclusions of the author, brings down the mortality to 2.4 per cent. instead of 25 to 80 per cent. Of course, in the report little allusion—almost none, is made to the cases of death which have not been recorded, and those that are not are certainly severe against the new treatment. Is it not better to wait a while rather than to take now a decisive position? I believe it is, as we are just now in possession of results obtained by that never-tired worker, Prof. Ligniéres. Indeed, at one of the last seatings of the Academie des Sciences, a paper was presented by Dr. Roux, in his name, 484 EDITORIAL. upon the subject of vaccination against pasteurelloses, under which name a group of diseases of the same type, most of which belong to the old group of hemorrhagic septiceemias, has been described, and among which we have the typhoid fever of horses, distemper of dogs, chicken cholera, hemorrhagic septi- ceemia of sheep, cattle or swine. From researches that Prof. Ligniéres has made since 1897, he has been convinced that those diseases might be prevented by a true inoculation, and in this direction he has worked. An important question was whether each special disease required its special pasteurella, or if, for instance, that of chicken cholera would be active towards that of typhoid fever or of ovine pas- teurellose ; or, again, whether it would be possible to use a common vaccine (polyvalent) in which would enter a great number of pasteurellas. After having tested the ovine pasteurella, experiments were made as follows: (1) with a vaccine made by mixing several pasteurellas taken from sheep, affected with the natural dis- ease, (2) a vaccine obtained with a single ovine pasteurella, (3) one prepared with one of the pasteurellas of bovine, canine, equine, porcine or aviary origin, (4) one which was made in mixing the pasteurellas of sheep, cattle, dog, horse, swine, and birds. ‘The result was that this last vaccine of the six typical pasteurellas is truly a vaccine for all (polyvalent) and is appli- cable to all pasteurelloses indiscriminately. Prof. Ligniéres cannot be considered as an enthusiast who may err by being carried away with the success of an idea. He has done his proofs, his work has been already appreciated ; why not accept what he says ? His mixed vaccine of six typical parteurellas is applicable to all pasteurelloses indiscriminately. We can now be pretty sure to have shortly not only the means to vaccinate dogs against distemper, but also all the other pas- teurelloses with a vaccination having a real practical value. Let us wait ! * * I will close to-day with one word which I obtained from in- EDITORIAL. 485 formation I gathered from American origin, and which, I regret to say, has escaped the attention of my co-laborers in New York. I refer to the death of an old member of the faculty of the old American Veterinary College, which I read occurred in March last, that of Dr. O. D. Pomeroy. The students and grad- uates of the years when Dr. Pomeroy was connected with the college will no doubt regret his departure. Although nota veterinarian, he was much interested in the work of the college ; he was always attentive to his duties; he was liked by all those who followed his lectures, and his old saying ‘‘ Catch on,” a conclusion after a delicate description, will always be pleasantly remembered. Dr. Pomeroy has done sufficient for the cause of veterinary education to deserve at least these few remarks. AS Ay: THE FALL VETERINARY CONVENTIONS. The season for the annual meetings of the National and State veterinary medical associations is upon us, and the RE- VIEW congratulates the profession of the country on the pros- pects for populous and profitable gatherings in all quarters, as associational interest was never more acute than at the present time. The American Veterinary Medical Association, which con- venes on the 2d inst. at Minneapolis, Minn., gives promise by every method of anticipating a coming event of being the best from all points of view of any ever held by this organization. The full programme was published in the REVIEW for August, and a very attractive one it was. We here simply wish to say to our readers that the picture there drawn will be as nearly repro- duced in the October number as we are capable of doing in the space which can be devoted to it, and that will be very liberal, for we will increase the size of that issue by many pages for that especial purpose. In the meantime, several hundred copies of the present number will be forwarded to Minneapolis, and each member and visitor will be supplied with one, so that the jour- ney homeward may be rendered less tedious by the opportunity 486 EDITORIAL. to read and digest its splendid contents—the joint contribution of thinking veterinarians in various parts of the world. Its readers, who from one cause or another are prevented from at- tending, may rest assured that they will get the next best thing—a faithful story of the most salient features of this great gathering of veterinarians. The New York State Veterinary Medical Society will meet this year in Brooklyn, on Sept. 9 and 10, the week following the National Association, and elsewhere will be found the pro- gramme in full. ‘There is certainly material for every profes- sional man in the State, and all signs point to the best meeting in the history of this society, and that is saying a great deal when the last two meetings at Ithaca are recalled. While the literary programme is not very extensive in number of papers to be presented, the quality is of a high order, which is much more desirable than quantity, and the very extensive and im- portant clinic will probably surpass in interest any that has ever been held—not in the rare and difficult operations, which are more classical than practical—but those every-day proced- ures which are a part of every veterinarian’s regular routine, to- gether with demonstrations in the manipulation of improved apparatus for confining, casting and treating surgical cases. One of the good reasons why it is fortunate that the number of papers is limited is that the last one appearing on the pro- gramme is entitled “ The Enforcement of Our Veterinary Laws,” and we trust that the members will discuss exhaustively this very important subject, as the State is being rapidly over- run by men who have no right to practice in the common- wealth. If this were the only number on the programme for 1902 there would be ample material for earnest work in devis- ing some substantial means of ridding the State of those who have taken their places here through freedom from prosecu- tion, and in preventing others from following their example. Dr. Kelly, the author of the paper in question, has had a large experience in legislative matters, is thoroughly familiar with the situation, and is as competent to speak upon this subject as EDITORIAL. 487 any man in the State. We hope that the veterinarians in all sections will be in attendance to discuss this subject, so that there may be a concerted action in every county to accomplish some real good. Every member, and every qualified veterina- rian in New York owes it as a duty to his profession and him- self to be in Brooklyn on September 9 and Io. Pennsylvania’s great State Association will also be in semi- annual session in the week following the A. V. M.A., and her meetings are always occasions of great professional interest, not only to the veterinarians of the Keystone State, but to those of the whole country. The Missouri Veterinary Medical Association has already held its eleventh annual meeting, which occurred at St. Louis on the 18th and roth ult., and we are informed that it was a most valuable one, the papers presented being of a high order and quite numerous, while the clinic was most interesting and in- structive. Many other meetings will mark the advent of early autumn, and the REVIEW congratulates the profession on the very satis- factory state of veterinary progress as evidenced by these ‘sions of the times.” How AN M. D. ACTED AS A VETERINARIAN.—A farmer cor- respondent of the reeder’s Gazette includes the following story in a letter relating to “afterbirths”: . . . ‘“‘A neigh- bor had a very fine cow drop a very fine calf yesterday evening. On finding this morning that she had retained the placenta a physician was called in who sets himself up as a midwife. He set to work to remove the afterbirth I think at least thirty-six hours before it should have been attempted, and not knowing the first principle involved, he must have pulled at the cotyle- dons (instead of trying to peel them off) until he turned the womb wrong-side out and into the world. Then a runner was sent for a near neighbor of mine, who was known to be good at such work, and as he and I had worked together somewhat I volunteered to go with him, but before we got there the would- be doctor told them ‘the cow would die anyhow,’ and he cut the whole organ off. When we arrived the cow was dead, sure enough.” 488 ONE OF THEM. ORIGINAL ARTICLES. THE LIVING AND THE DEAD: REMINISCENCES OF THE VETERINARY PRACTITIONERS OF FORTY ~ YEARS AGO. By ONE OF THEM. (Continued from page 404.) E. F. THAYER, M. D., V. S. Of this worthy man, who by his own energy and his love for study, raised himself to be one of highest authority on vet- erinary medicine in Massachusetts, nothing can be said beyond what is written in the obituaries that we find in the periodicals of the profession.* When we knew E. F. Thayer, he was already somewhat ad- vanced in years, and the few times we had the opportunity to meet him—first at the Astor House gathering and later in New York or in Boston at the various semi-annual meetings of the U. S. V. M. A.—were always for us occasions of great plea- sure. Besides all his good qualities of cordiality and friend- ship, the fact of his having been the first veterinarian to make a correct diagnosis of contagious pleuro-pneumonia in his State and to succeed in stamping it out forever from ‘Massachusetts, is sufficient to give him a place among the first and most regretted pioneers of veterinary medicine in the United States. * ‘ * C7 M. WOOD, Vis: When the delegations from Massachusetts came to New York at the meeting of organization of the United States Veterinary Medical Association, one of the delegates registered his name as Charles M. Wood, V. S., of Boston. He was a tall gentleman, Scotchman-like, full of activity, and from the start appeared as * AM. VET, REVIEW, Vol. XIII, p. 285. THE LIVING AND THE DEAD. 489 conceited. Yet, he hada kind and genuine conversation which seemed to imply a strong desire to make good friends. We know very little of him: Hehad a certain reputation ; had been con- nected with the attempt made by Mr. Dadd to establish the Bos- ton Veterinary School, and we found him from the start ready for discussion, arguing for the sake of argument, supporting an Opinion at one time to fight it but shortly afterwards. Was it evidence of solid knowledge or a desire to make himself con- spicuous ? An old acquaintance of his has furnished us with the follow- ing sketch, which describes him more thoroughly and with more justice: ‘‘I have known C. M. Wood from the time I was a boy, more particularly during the years 1860-61, when I rode with him and studied with him. He was a great student, and during the time I knew him best, he was usu- ally to be found at home studying when not attending to busi- ness. ‘““He came here from England, was entirely self educated, and it was a great credit to him, for his education was thorough. It had been with him a constant tread-mill of application, backed by a capacity for the proper requisition of knowledge of a professional character, which enabled him to become profi- cient in the details of the profession. ‘“T cannot speak too strongly of the untiring efforts, the bull-dog tenacity of purpose which carried him through a task, which few men would have accomplished one-half as well as he did. He had the ambition and the laudable desire to become more than an automaton, practicing a profession in a stereo- typed hum-drum sort of way, for a stipend, more or less. . ‘His aim and motto was ‘ Excelsior.’ But there were other sides to his character and development as a veterinarian, and particularly as a practitioner. I must speak the truth. “Tn treating acute forms of diseases of the internal organs, he was a failure; and he was dogmatic and authoritative in regard to the choice and method of administering medicine as one could be. He knew Percival’s treatment and some other 490 ONE OF THEM. medicine of similar character; he did not want to know any other. “He was brusque, antagonistic, and as aggressive as one could be. The results could not be otherwise than unfortu- nate to an individual having such traits of character. He was constantly in hot water and had but a few associates. Many of those were unfriendly toward him, but he never yielded or ran away. “His practice was quite limited, as compared with what it might have been, if he had had a little more elasticity. But wherever he went or whatever he did, it was with unbroken ranks; you might break his sword or disarm him, but you would not conquer him.” This is a severe judgment, which our correspondent has given us, and yet from what little relations we or his colleagues had with him, whether as President of the Association or at the meetings, those who remember him will say that it is not exaggerated. He had an office in the stable of Josh Seward, on School Street, Boston, Mass., where the Parker House now stands. Josh was an original genius and full of frolic. Wood enjoyed a joke when he was not the victim, but on the whole was not more unforgiving than the average man. He had a medicine chest in a little room over the office, and among other things this chest contained a number of cathartic balls, made according to Morton’s formula. They were quite soft and he used from ten to forty of them when any one else would use one. One day Josh took the balls out of the box and replaced them with pieces of sausages done up to closely imitate them. The next day he asked Wood to give “‘ Dandy ”’ (one of his horses) a ball, which he proceeded to do. After twenty-four hours, no response. Josh said, ‘Give him another.” After twenty-four hours more, ‘Give him another,” Josh said. Wood rolled up his sleeve and was about to give him another, when Josh seized his arm and took the ball, and opened it to show it to Wood, exclaiming that he ‘thought it bad enough to have his horses get Wood’s THE LIVING AND THE DEAD. 491 regular medicine, without giving them sausages.’ On the same day it was said that Wood made a mistake in giving the wrong horse one of these balls, in another stable, and the horse died suddenly that night, from some other cause, which affair caused a good deal of comment and many a laugh at Wood’s expense. * * ROBERT WOOD, V. S. Brother of Charles M.,—he was for all of us only his brother by birth, for physically and in general appearance they were not. Robert was of smaller stature, and as noisy and restless as his older relation appeared quiet, and, yet, although of a somewhat cool and at first sight distant disposition, when once you knew him he proved to be a man of a general all- around character, amiable and friendly. Robert was a fair student, and had a capacity for the proper gathering and storing of useful knowledge. He reasoned better than his brother, was deeper and more analytical, while Charles leaned more toward the synthetical. What he learned, it paid him to learn it—what Charles learned was a pleasure and a gratification without regard to cost or effort or whether he could make profitable use of it. At our meetings, Robert was willing to discuss, and it was a pleasure to reason with him; contrary to his brother, he could be convinced ; Charles, hardly ever. Robert ‘Wood had no special hobby to ride ; he was a good friend, an all-around useful man of far more than excellent ability. A good practitioner, unfortunately, like many among us, not possessed of extra-developed commercial capacity, and yet he managed to be quite a successful business man. Like his brother, he had been President of the Association, and was a good worker in its behalf. Like most of the veter- inarians practicing in Massachusetts in those days, Robert was anxious and ready to do all he could in behalf of his profession. Robert Wood one day invited the father of Dan Walton (a celebrated trainer of trotters in those days) to go with him to 492 ONE OF THEM. dinner at his house. When they arrived there Mrs. Wood had “company,” two old and very precise females, who were also to stay to dinner. Robert Wood took Walton out into the wood-shed and they had a drink, which would do for ceremony ; but Wood was afraid that Waiton would make use of some ex- pressions at the table which would shock the ladies. Walton could draw the line between the ludicrous and the indecent as finely as any man. He promised, however, not to offend, but to speak and act as “ genteel’? as he knew how. Wood served the dinner, the ladies first, then Walton and himself. Things were going along smoothly, when Walton, who had spoken and acted under restraint, said in his ordinary loud tone: ‘ Well, Doctor, there’s what I call a good potato! In about every place that I have dined this season, the potatoes have tasted like a box of itch ointment.” Robert Wood enjoyed telling this story, and he said all the ladies appreciated it properly and never forgot it. At first they were somewhat dazed, but upon a second thought, they laughed long and loud. * *K * WILLIAM SAUNDERS. Towards the end of a very hot day, William Saunders, whose “circuit”? was quite a long one any day, stopped his team at Frank Codlidge’s farm-house in Brighton, and, after looking at a case, he was invited by Frank to have a glass of cider. ‘Its nice and cold, and it will do you good,” he said. ‘Wait, now, and I will bring it up from the cellar.” Instead of cider, he brought up a large glass of currant wine, which was quite old and ‘‘alcoholish.”” Saunders drank it and said he had never had so pleasant and refreshing a drink. Down cellar again went Frank and brought another glass, which, after some little urging, Saunders emptied again, and lighting a cigar, bid good-bye and started to drive home. Saunders rarely drank any liquor, and Frank knew it. He reckoned the Doctor would feel the second glass, but resolved he would see for himself. So he hitched up a horse into a buggy and drove so as to go by a shorter route than the Doctor would take, and THE LIVING AND THE DEAD. 493 arrived first at the American stables, where the Doctor’s office was located. He got out of his carriage and hid behind it just as the Doctor drove in. Well, he had ‘responded to the medi- cine,” as he said himself, he “‘had been blind all the way, in five minutes after leaving Frank’s house.” It was necessary for two men to help him out of his wagon, and then he had no legs. He saw Frank grinning at him, and said: “ Damn you, Frank, if I could stand, I would try to put you in that horse trough.” The day was afterwards referred to as ‘Saunders’ Buena Vista and 4th of July.” They laid the doctor down on some blankets for a couple of hours, and then took him to the depot to take the train for Salem, where he lived. * APPENDIX. In the preceding pages I have recalled, with two excep- tions only, reminiscences of some of the veterinarians who lived forty years ago and were present at the meeting at the Astor House in 1863. But others were there also. Unfortunately, I was less fa- miliar or less intimate with them. tee neepiey, V. S., of Maine; iG. Penniman, Sr., V_.S., of Worcester; Robert Saunders, V..S., of Salem; W. £. Wisdom, V..S., of Wilmington, Del. ; and those two excellent friends, Jj. B. Rayner, V. S., and Thomas B. Rayner, V.S., both of Pennsylvania. Of all, my recollections are as pleasant and friendly as with those of whom I have spoken in the preceding pages; and yet I must leave to others better acquainted with them, the task of speaking of them. | There were other veterinarians also in those days practicing in New York: W. Lockhart, M. R. C. V..S. £., who, I believe, never laughed, and was as stiff and freezing in his relations as his brother, Alex. Lockhart, M. R. C. V..S. L., was friendly and congenial; C. Pilgrim, M. R. C. V..S. L., who let the celebrated 494 ONE OF THEM. trotter George M. Patchen die with strangulated inguinal hernia, which he had failed to reduce; W.Dzxon, V..S., who commanded the largest sporting practice of New York State, and invented (??) the wonderful condition powder sold yet, and E. Nostrand, V. S. None of these latter veterinarians belonged to the U.S. V. M. A. > THE END. Just A SAMPLE OF MANy SucH TALEs.—A big Newfound- land dog fought off a burglar Thursday night and prevented the robbing of the home of J. S. Hynes at 712 Ann Avenue, in Kan- sas City, Kas. Mr. Hynes is city manager for the Kaw Valley Coal & Lime company. He is a member of the Fraternal Or- der of Eagles. Thursday night he attended a meeting of that order, leaving Mrs. Hynes and their two children at home with the dog “Sport,” on watch in the hall. At about 12 o’clock Mrs. Hynes, who had retired to her chamber on the second floor, heard someone insert a key in the lock of the front hall door. She thought it was her husband coming home and arose, intent on going to the head of the stairs to call to him. She changed her mind, however, when she heard the door open gently and a soft foot fall in the hallway ; for a moment there- after there was a noise that made her blood run cold. The faithful dog sprang upon the burglar. There was a scuffle be- low, which lasted fully five minutes, accompanied by calls for help from the intruder, heightened now and then by the noise of smashing pieces of furniture, and finally ending with a crash of broken glass. The burglar, finding it impossible to open the door which he had closed, sprang through the glass, carrying sash and all with him, the dog following in hot pursuit. Fif- teen or twenty minutes later Mr. Hynes returned home. He stumbled over a pile of broken glass on his porch and on enter- ing the hall was greeted with a sorrowful whine from his dog. He started upstairs to see his wife, but tripped and fell over a piece of broken balustrade. Then he lighted the gas and to his amazement found everything in the hallway in disorder and a blood stream on the floor. Upstairs he found Mrs. Hynes, crouch- ing beside her sleeping children in fear and trembling. She suc- ceeded, finally, in telling how it all happened. There is one dog in Kansas City, Kas., which no amount of money can buy, and he is owned by Mr. Hynes.—( Kansas City Star, Aug. 16.) RINDERPEST IN SOUTH AFRICA. 495 RINDERPEST IN SOUTH AFRICA. CONDENSED REPORT OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTER- NATIONAL RINDERPEST CONGRESS, HELD AT PRETORIA, S. A., AUGUST, 1897. TRANSLATED AND CONDENSED FROM PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONGRESS BY JOHN M. PARKER, D. V.S. (McGILL), ATTACHED A. V. D., REMOUNT DEPOT, WORCESTER, C. C., S. A. At the Congress representatives were present from Orange Free State, Cape Colony, Natal, Transvaal and Portuguese and German possessions. Among other matters, the different methods of controlling rin- derpest were discussed. Dr. Theiler, the Transvaal Veterinarian, reported on the various methods of preventive inoculation. “For a long while,” he said, ‘‘ many people have been con- vinced that the only practical method of treatment consisted of preventive inoculation ; in other words, to ‘salt the cattle arti- ficially.’ Primitive methods of obtaining this result have long been employed by the farmer; one of the earliest was to smear the nostrils of the animal with dung from infected cattle. Gradually injections of blood and serum were substituted, but the results were unsatisfactory, the poor results being probably due to the fact that the virus of rinderpest has since been found to be very susceptible to light and heat, two hours’ exposure to sunlight completely destroying its virulence. The result, of course, was that the inoculations produced only slight immu- nity. In other words, the cattle were not properly ‘salted’.” Dr. Theiler then referred to Koch’s method of inoculation. This method consists in the inoculation of sound cattle with 1o c.c. bile taken from an animal that has just died from rinder- pest. The amount of bile to be injected was fixed in the fol- lowing manner: When sound animals are injected with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 10 c.c. of bile from a rinderpest animal, and when ten days later these same animals are inoculated with 0.2 c.c. of serum, the animals receiving less than 10 c.c. of bile become 496 J. M. PARKER. sick ; those receiving 5 c.c. or more recovered, and can be looked upon as “salted... This immunity, according to Dr. Koch, is of such a nature that after four weeks the animals could resist 40 c.c. pest blood without any trouble. When several animals are injected with 10 c.c. of bile, and afterwards. each animal in turn, at intervals of two days, is in- oculated with pest blood (that is to say, an animal is inoculated the 2d, the 4th, the 6th, the 8th, and the roth day respectively) it has been found that animals inoculated before the fourth day died from rinderpest, those inoculated four days after recov- ered, and those inoculated six days after were unaffected—chey were immune ,; the salting process thus evidently taking place between the fourth and sixth days. After the bile injection there is usually a local swelling at the point of inoculation. It would be interesting to know whether the amount of swelling present has any relation to the ‘salting ” process ; that is to say, whether the amount or presence of the swelling indi- cates whether the animal has been salted or not. As a result of the discussion following the reading of this paper, the following conclusions were adopted : I. When used as recommended, bile does immunize cattle and does not cause rinderpest. II. Immunity begins from the sixth day and increases from the tenth day. . III. Animals are not protected by the vaccine during the first few days following the bile injection. For this reason when an infected herdis inoculated new cases will crop out up to the twelfth day. IV. When animals contract the disease sooz after the inocu- lation they are more liable to die than when the symptoms ap- pear later. Dr. Turner, Natal Government Veterinarian, in referring to Koch’s method, said that he was satisfied of its success. He be- lieved that Koch preferred the bile injection to serum because of its more lasting effects ; serum was not only less active, but RINDERPEST IN SOUTH AFRICA. 497 it was also uncertain and inconstant in its action. Ofcourse, it is not fair to take bile from animals found dead, because in that case the bile will frequently be in a state of putrifaction and useless for inoculation purposes. In such a case it is better to use blood serum for inoculation. The most favorable time to take bile is from the sixth to the seventh day of the fever. The temperature of the inoculated animal from which bile is to be procured must always be taken every morning and the days counted from the moment the tem- perature begins to rise. The dose of infected blood from an in- fected animal must be moderate and should not exceed I c.c. Some persons thought that inoculated or vaccinated animals could spread the disease ; this fear was groundless ; an animal vaccinated with bile could mix with impunity with unprotected animals without producing the disease. After animals have been inoculated with bile they are still liable to contract the disease until the end of the sixth day or even of the seventh or eighth day. Sothat when a herd became infected, after inoculation and before the seventh or eighth day, the bile inoculation was often undeservedly blamed for the introduction of the disease. For example, a herd of 133 animals, after being exposed to in- fection, were injected with bile on May 9. All of the animals became sick and 100 died. Fortunately it was known that on May 5 one of the animals in this herd had died from rinderpest, showing that this herd was infected before it was injected ; but if the injection had taken place on the rst, instead of the 9th of May, it is almost a certainty that the bile injection would have been blamed for the outbreak. Repeated experiments have shown that it is not till ten days have elapsed that the animals become immune; after ten days have elapsed the inoculated animals do not become infected either by injection or by actual contact with diseased animals. Unfortunately, immunity after bile injection zs ot lasting ; experience has shown that while the period of time varies, yet it cannot be considered to protect the animals for more than three or four months. Fortunately, however, after an animal 498 J. M. PARKER. has once been inoculated the disease takes only a mild form and the animal usually recovers. Dr. Turner then reported the case of a herd of cattle inocu- lated with bile injections. Four months after inoculation they began to develop symptoms of rinderpest ; the number of cases kept increasing, and each animal was then injected with 30 cc. defibrinated blood from salted cattle ; from that time only one more animal became sick and none died. In discussing bile and glycerine injections, known as the Edington method, Turner claimed to have better results and longer immunity with pure bile than with the bile and glycer- ine mixture. In a communication to Dr. Turner, Edington briefly de- scribes the glycerine method as follows. He says: ‘‘ Here we use all kinds of bile for glycerinated bile; it does not matter whether the animal is only sick, or dead, or killed at the end of the period of relapse. Of course when putrifaction has set in the bile is not used. The bile is mixed with glycerine in proportion of 2 to 1. The bile is all mixed together and it should only be used after eight or more days have elapsed after mixing.” ‘Ten days after the glycerine and bile injections the animal should receive an injection of 0.2 c.c. defibrinated blood.” ‘Good results are obtained if we mix one ounce de- fibrinated pest blood with one-fourth flask sterilized water.” “The results from this method were good. ‘Ten animals inoc- ulated with bile and afterwards injected with defibrinated pest blood, with one exception, all withstood the disease. Twenty- four animals were inoculated by this method at Kimberly; no deaths resulted ; some of these received 5 c.c. pest blood, with no bad result. 125 animals were inoculated by this method at Belmont; no deaths. Similar results followed the inocula- tion of 60 animals at another farm.” ; Dr. Turner dissented from Edington in the advisability of using glycerinated bile; he preferred pure fresh bile. An important discussion then arose as to the possibility of the infection of a clean herd through bile injection, many farm- RINDERPEST IN SOUTH AFRICA. 499 ers objecting to the inoculation because of the fear of introduc- ing the disease into districts and farms where it had not previ- ously existed. The best opinion seemed to be that most of the unfavorable results were due to carelessness on the part of those entrusted with the work of inoculation. When rinderpest appears after the bile injection, it is not a result of the influence of the bile itself, but it is an infection of the animal by contact during the operation, and is due either to carelessness or ignorance on the part of the operator. Previous to the application of the Koch method, 85 per cent. of the cattle died. In consequence of the introduction of the Koch method, only 10 per cent. now die. The following resolutions on the Koch method were then passed by the Congress : I. Bile acts as a mitigating virus, a vaccine that is able in the majority of cases to give a certain, but temporary, immunity. II. After bile injection it is possible for cattle to contract the disease with fatal results. The circumstances that excite the appearance of the pest infection are not yet clearly determined. III. Bile cannot be said to protect the animals effectually from rinderpest, but inoculation with bile is able to delay the appearance of an epidemic in districts where it has not yet ap- peared, and when applied under these circumstances it does im- portant service. Later it was resolved that :— ‘‘ Animals injected by the Koch method and exposed to rinderpest four or five months afterwards are not immune, but- when they do contract the disease, it usually appears in a mild form and the percentage of deaths is not usually greater than Betore5 pet cent.” * * * INOCULATION WITH PEST BLOOD. Report by Drs. Dantzig and Theiler to the Transvaal Government, 1897. The first and most important point to consider is, at what 500 J. M. PARKER. time the blood of salted cattle is in the best condition for im- munizing purposes. Experience has shown that soon after recovery from rinder- pest the blood begins to acquire its protective qualities, and that the greatest power is attained from six weeks to two months af- ter recovery. It retains this power unchanged till the fifth or sixth month, when it deteriorates. So that it possesses its most active protective properties between the second and fourth months after recovery, and it is at this time that it is most suit- able for purposes of inoculation. The most efficient blood is to be had from animals that have been most seriously sick, and this protective quality can be fur- ther increased by inoculating these already salted cattle, with pest blood from other salted animals. Hitherto one of the difficulties has been to secure suOERE blood from salted cattle, but this difficulty is easily overcome when the blood of artificially salted cattle is used, and by sub- mitting the salted animals to successive injections of pest blood, we are able to get a blood that has great protective qualities. In using the blood to protect a herd exposed to infection, the 7st injection should be made immediately after exposure to disease. ‘The second inoculation should be made five or six days later, or at the end of the period of incubation. If post- poned till later the inoculation would not have as good an effect, as infection would be too far advanced. The immunity conferred by salted cattle is only temporary. In order to acquire lasting and powerful resistance, the tnocu- lated animal must contract at least a slight amount of disease. The following experimental work was carried out under the direction of the Transvaal Government :— I. At Field Coronet, A. Botha’s farm: (a) Five animals were selected. One calf was injected with blood of cow salted three months previously and twice afterwards injected with pest blood. Two small oxen injected with 8 c.c. blood from a cow twice injected previously with pest blood. RINDERPEST IN SOUTH AFRICA. 501 Two large oxen injected with 10 c.c. blood from above cow. All these animals are found to be salted. (4) Eighty animals first injected with bile, then each re- ceived two injections of 100 c.c. blood from three oxen salted three months previously and afterwards receiving pest blood injections. All these animals were found to be salted. The disease appeared fifteen days after the herd was inocu- lated with the bile. At the time of the inoculation with blood from the salted cattle, which followed the first bile inoculation, 56 of the 150 oxen which had received the bile inoculation were dead, a number were ill and new cases were occurring daily. After the remaining animals had received two injections of the blood of salted cattle 20 more deaths occurred. II. Sixty-five cattle belonging to Paul Kruger and Prinsloo were twice inoculated at an interval of six days with I00 c.c. blood. For the first inoculation blood of old salted cattle was used. For the second inoculation blood of two oxen, inoculated two months previously with pest blood, was used. All these animals were more or less seriously ill. Five calves died, the remaining 60 all became salted. It is interesting to notice that the five that died became sick between 15 and 20 days after in- oculation, the others between 8 and 15 days after inoculation. III. Ten oxen belonging to the same owners, inoculated only once with 100 c.c. blood from an animal inoculated two months previously. Of the ten inoculated 5 became salted and 5 died. V. Seven animals inoculated—six with two successive in- oculations of 100 c.c. and one with only. one injection of 100 c.c. blood from an animal inoculated two months previously with proved pest blood. The ox receiving the single injection died ; the others recovered and became salted. VI. Thirty animals all suffering from rinderpest zseceived a single injection of 100 c.c. blood from an ox salted two months previously and proved with pest blood. Of these 30 animals, 20 died and 10 recovered. 502 J. M. PARKER. VII. Seventy head of cattle inoculated with. bile ; the dis- ease appeared twelve days later. On the appearance of the disease, when all the animals were more or less sick, they were inoculated three times at intervals of eight days with blood from oxen salted three months previously. Of the 70 ani- mals inoculated, 9 died and 61 became salted. IX. Two sick oxen, one of which was seriously sick, re- ceived, the one 600 c.c., the other 200 c.c. blood of a salted an- imal. Both animals recovered. Experiments made on some thousands of animals have shown that if properly applied before the disease appears, from 80 to 90% of animals will recover, if inoculated with blood from properly salted cattle. In preparing an animal for salting purposes about two months are required. An ox properly prepared, after three or four months, will give a sufficient quantity of defibrinated blood to inoculate 25 head of cattle every 14 days for two months. So that in two months’ time the defibrinated blood from a well prepared ox will be sufficient to inoculate 100 head of cattle, each of whom in the two months following its salting will in turn produce sufficient blood to inoculate 100 more. So that in about six months’ time an almost unlimited quantity of pest blood could be procured. * * * The following points were then agreed on by the Congress :— I. Blood, taken from animals that have withstood the dis- ease for ten days after the temperature falls, can still be virulent blood. IJ. When an animal has become salted the greatest protec- tive power is developed about two months after inoculation. This power remains about the same for two or three months, when it gradually weakens; so that in about ten months the blood has only a very weak salting power. III. Repeated injections of pest blood increases the protec- tive power of the blood of salted cattle, and one dose of, say, 40 c.c. defibrinated blood from a well-prepared animal, may be RINDERPEST IN SOUTH AFRICA. 903 more efficacious than 400 or 500c.c. of blood taken from an ani- mal badly prepared. IV. When animals that have recovered zaturally from an attack of rinderpest are inoculated with virulent pest blood, there is rarely any perceptible thermic reaction. On the other - hand, the injection of pest blood to artificially cured cattle wilt almost always result in the characteristic temperature reaction. V. The passive immunity given to cattle by the injection of blood from old salted cattle is of short duration (10 to 20 days) and becomes daily weaker. VI. According to the results communicated by the Rinder- pest Committee of the South African Republic, sound animals receiving two injections of 100 c.c. blood from well salted cattle, at six days’ interval, become sick after the first injection, and of these, 90% recover. VII. The injection of strong defibrinated blood from salted and well prepared cattle is a preventive, and even fiercely at- tacked cattle recover. VIII. The immunity produced in animals treated in this way is an efficacious and lasting immunity. The Congress were also agreed ‘“‘ That animals first treated with bile and that afterwards developed rinderpest, recovered more easily under the influence of curative blood than animals that underwent no previous inoculation.” In employing the bile method the following points should be observed : I. Bile may be obtained from cattle dying of rinderpest, whether caused by inoculation or acquired naturally. II. The bile must be procured only from recently deceased animals, from those whose sickness has not lasted more than seven days, or from those killed while in arézculo mortis. No bile should be used that has the least smell of putrifaction. III. To procure a sufficient supply of bile, the establish- ment of stations is recommended where cattle could be inocu- lated with pest blood. After inoculation the temperature of these cattle should be taken daily. The bile should be pro- 504 J. M. PARKER. cured six days after the commencement of the fever or ten days after injection. IV. Color of bile is of little consequence, but care should be taken that no blood gets into the bile secured. V. Bile must be kept in a cool place and at least 48 hours should elapse before it can be used. VI. The flask or vessel receiving the bile must be thorough- ly washed and rendered aseptic before being used ; after being filled the outside of the flask or vessel should be again disin- fected. VII. As a precautionary measure it is advisable that per- sons making the post-mortem and securing the bile or who in anyway come in contact with the diseased animals should vot be present at the inoculation of the sound animals with bile. VIII. ‘The different biles to be used for one herd should before use be thoroughly mixed in one vessel, so as to secure uniformity in the character of bile injected. IX. Animals becoming sick after the bile injection, can be inoculated with defibrinated blood from salted cattle with good results. * i *k In August, 1901, rinderpest having broken out in the Orange River Colony and Basutoland, and extended to the borders of Cape Colony, the Agricultural Department in Cape Colony pub- lished a pamphlet to the farmers on the subject. This pam- phlet included an extract from the Government Veterinary Surgeon of Cape Colony, who after the outbreaks of 1896 and 1898 wrote as follows :— “The method of inoculation which I would recommend in future sporadic outbreaks of the disease is briefly as follows :— “Infected Herds.—These should be inoculated at once with either serum or glycerinated bile; every animal which indicates infection by a rise of temperature should receive a large dose of not less than 100 c.c. of serum, or 30 c.c. of glycerinated bile; the - latter should by preference be injected into the jugular vein, so as to secure its immediate action. ‘Then from eight to twelve RINDERPEST IN SOUTH AFRICA. 505 days after all the animals in the herd, which give no indication of being infected with the disease, or fever temperature, should receive an injection of pure bile ; not less than 10 c.c., and for large animals 20 c.c. This will confer a lasting immunity suf- ficient for all practical purposes. ““ Clean Herds.—Whien it is decided to inoculate a clean herd, which is in danger of becoming infected through its prox- imity to diseased cattle, I would recommend that the animals composing the herd should be inoculated with 20 cc. of glycerinated bile, and to follow this inoculation in from eight to twelve days with an injection of from 10 to 20 c.c. pure bile. This will confer a strong and lasting immunity on the animals in the herd, and will be free from risk arising from the inocula- tion, or of introducing the disease. “ Pure Bile.-—Pure bile should not be used in an infected herd, if any of the other inoculating materials can be obtained, as it tends to intensify the character of the disease in those already infected, and its immunizing effect is too slowly de- veloped to protect the healthy cattle against infection, if they are left in contact with those already sick. If no other means are available, however, the temperature of the whole of the cattle in the infected herd should be taken by the clinical ther- mometer, and only those which register a normal temperature should be inoculated with pure bile; the others should be sep- arated from the inoculated lot at once and carefully tended. If glycerine can be obtained, the spare bile should be mixed with it in the proper proportion, one part glycerine to two parts of bile. This mixture, after standing forty-eight hours, may be injected into the affected animals in large doses, not only with safety but with marked benefit.” * The following notes are of interest as they are of an ex- tremely practical nature, and are from the note-book of a gen- tleman who has had a large experience in the present outbreak : Period of Incubation.—In the case of a susceptible animal inoculated with virulent blood, there will be a rise of tempera- 506 J. M. PARKER. ture on the fourth day, and the animal is visibly sick on the eighth day. If the animal does not recover, death usually takes place about the eleventh or fourteenth day. It may re- cover, or die from ‘debility’ weeks after inoculation during convalescence, or it may die from actual rinderpest. Symptoms.—Depression, rapid emaciation, painful grunt (in pleuro-pneumonia it is rather one of inconvenience), sticky discharge from inner canthus of eye, scalding the side of face ; sometimes a bloody discharge from nose. So-called bran-like exudate on buccal mucous membrane (like thin oatmeal por- ridge), ulceration, commonly between lips and incisor teeth, (ulcerations have a punched-out appearance like pieces taken out by artery forceps). Diarrhcea, like dirty-water, not like diarrhoea from eating green food; mucous casts and slimy mu- cus, or blood may be present in feeces. Sometimes there is a slight elevation of the tail, as if there was a sore underneath, occasional straining. Elevation of temperature to 105°-106°. Autopsy.—Place the carcass on the left side, right side up ; make incision through the skin and flesh immediately behind the last rib ; the ribs being raised the gall-bladder will become visible. Always secure the bile before proceeding further, if of good color. J/dea/ bile is of bright green color (ot yellow or bloody) ; dark brown bile may be used, but do not collect a thick treacly bile. In collecting bile, it is always advisable to collect before opening the stomach, and so avoid getting any blood into the bile. Particular care should be taken not to squeeze the gall-bladder. It should be held in the hollow of the hands and gently pushed upwards to allow of the free flow of bile into collecting utensil. After collecting the bile continue the post-mortem. J// rvinderpest lesions are found, save the bile, otherwise discard. Post-Mortem.—Open fourth stomach (abomasum) and duo- denum : if rinderpest exists there will be irregular ulceration (actual), mucous membrane destroyed or eroded, blackish in color—not elevated, as in swine fever (coagulative necrosis). In acute stages these ulcers are surrounded by an acute inflam- RINDERPEST IN SOUTH AFRICA. 507 mation, or the inflammation may be present without ulceration. These appearances are most common in the fourth stomach, but may be seen anywhere in the intestinal tract. Claret-colored stricze on rouge of intestinal mucous membrane may be present in rectum or vaginal mucous membrane. In this last situation it has more the appearance of bruising. Treatment of Bile after Collection.—lf the bile is of an offen- sive odor (H, S), discard. If uriniferous odor, it may be used in case of urgency, IF GLYCERINATED. The odor of good bile (not fresh) resembles fresh raw beef steak. Let the bile after collection stand in a cool place for 12-24 hours; bile from each animal should be put in sesaraze bottles. After standing for 12-24 hours decant all bottles into an en- ameled iron bucket ; discard ariy bile where the odor is not good. Thoroughly mix all the bile in the bucket with an iron whisk. Measure the bile thus mixed and add one part glycerine to two parts bile, so that the mixture will contain 33 per cent. glycer- ine. The glycerine and bile to be thoroughly mixed, bottle up, seal, and shake frequently. It is best to bury when made, so as to keep cool, but this should not be done for two or three days so as to allow of thorough shaking up. The mixture should not be used until seven days after glycerinization unless very urgent, and in zo case under 48 hours after making. Dose.—For immunizing, of the 33 per cent. glycerine-bile mixture use 20 c.c. (6 drams), injected subcutaneously at the elbow or point of elbow. Sometimes a resultant swelling may cause mechanical lameness. Inoculation may be done in- travenously (jugular). May be necessary to cast before inoc- ulating. Dose of Pure Bile.—\lf the material is available, pure bile (unglycerinated) may be used 10-14 days after first inoculation. Dose of pure bile should be about ro c.c. (3 dr.). This second inoculation intensifies and prolongs the immunity conferred by the first inoculation. The immunity conferred by the first in- oculation probably lasts about four months. 508 J. M. PARKER. In Bile Inoculations, eight or more days elapse before the animal is immunized. Serum Inoculations take four days before the animal is im- munized, but the immunity resulting from serum is not so lasting as that from bile. In Cape Colony the quarantine period after the last case is one month. THE NEW YORK STATE VETERINARY EXAMINING BOARD has granted the following licenses to practice in the State thus far this year: Samuel Howard Burnett, John Knapp, Burt Inglish, Harry Snyder Beebe, Robert J. Foster, John Bernard Reidy, Jerome Walter Rosenthal, Fred. Dewitt Holford, and Robert A. McAuslin. FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH.—In a modest flat at No. 138 Liv- ingston Street, Brooklyn, the body of Professor F. H. Daniels, for many years an instructor in music, lay yesterday morning, awaiting funeral services and interment, while at the head of the casket, on a sinall table, was the body of his favorite dog, Baby, dead of grief at his master’s taking off. Baby’s father, Maloney, tottered feebly around the rooms, his food untouched since the professor’s death. The professor was somewhat eccen- tric in his habits, preferring the company of his two dogs to the companionship of many of the human kind. ‘They had been his friends for years. Baby, which died with him, was a silk poodle, eighteen years old, the other dog being a year older. For three months the professor had been ill, but until about the middle of March he was able to devote the necessary care and attention to his pets. For a couple of weeks past this care had devolved on other members of his family. Professor Daniels’ illness became really serious a week ago, and with his decline came a corresponding change in the dog. When the professor was placed in his coffin on Tuesday Baby crawled under it and died with a whine. He was tenderly lifted to a table beside the coffin, and part of the flowers sent to decorate the casket were strewn around him. The elder dog, too, plainly grieved keenly. He went around the house mournfully, seeking a word from his master or a glance from Baby. Food served to him was left un- tasted. It is believed he will also die. If it were possible both dogs would be buried beside their master. He was interred in Greenwood yesterday afternoon. Baby will go to a cemetery for his kind to-day.—(New York Herald, April 3.) SOME WOUNDS OF WAR. 509 SOME WOUNDS OF WAR. By COLEMAN NOCKOLDS, M. D.,-V. S., VET. 1st U. S. CAVALRY, BATANGAS, P. I. Gunshot wounds form the majority which the army veterin- arian is called upon to dress, both among mounted and transport animals during an active campaign. Out here they are chiefly caused by arms of small calibre, rifles and pistols. Occasionally a horse or mule is injured by a bolo cut or stab, or by spears of either iron or hardened bamboo, or an arrow from one of the various diabolical arrangements manufactured by Tagalogs in the form of man-traps. The most common specimen in this particular vicinity consists of a piece of bamboo about twelve feet in length, bent in the form of an arch and held there by a cord made of roots; it is so set that when the victim trips or pushes against the cord the bamboo is set free, driving an arrow which consists of a flat piece of bamboo one inch and one-half wide and about twelve inches in length, sharpened at one end and hardened by burning with terrific force in the direction of the unfortunate who sprung the trap. Of three infantrymen that were wounded in one day by these arrows, one expired whilst pulling the arrow out; it had pierced the fleshy part of his thigh and severed the femoral, and two were laid up for many weeks in the hospital. In those cases the thigh had been pierced ; in one the arrow had also entered the scrotum. Another way in which animals or men are occasionally wounded, is by falling into pits which are lined on their bottoms with sharp pointed stakes and covered above with leaves, grass, etc. Or- dinary bows and arrows are common weapons of the Tagalog, as also are blowpipes, long poles with a hole through their centres, through which the natives blow small darts; I have often seen them used, but never had an animal wounded with one. Because of these many treacherous methods of warfare which the natives resort to, sometimes prisoners, but more often ponies, are driven along the trai] in front of the troops, and in this way many animals have received wounds caused by these 510 COLEMAN NOCKOLDS. unique weapons, and in fact many animals are killed outright by these man-traps. It is very hard to distinguish the cord trig- gers, or the grass covered holes when traveling along a narrow trailin thick brush. It is said that the darts blown from the blowpipes are poisoned. It is quite marvelous the distance an ex- pert blowpipe warrior can send adart. The only representative of large guns that have come under my observation have been either bamboo cannons, reinforced with bamboo rope, or the old cast iron smooth-bore Spanish cannon, from which sometimes missiles are fired, consisting chiefly of stones, pieces of iron, etc. Of course, the man behind the gun is more in danger from such a weapon acting as a shell or projectile than the enemy at which they are aimed. So shell or shrapnel wounds are out of the question in the Philippines. | Rifle bullets of the cylindro-conoidal type and large calibre, cause most of the wounds which our animals receive. Amongst the almost endless variety of guns which the Filipino insur. rectos use may be seen brass-barreled guns firing a round bul- let, many varieties of muzzle-loading rifles and smooth-bores, Sniders, Remingtons, Mausers, Colts, Winchesters, Mann- licher’s, Martini-Henri’s, Lebel’s, Schmidt-Rubin, Lee-Metford and Krag-Jorgensen. ‘The majority are obsolete patterns, many of a cheap type, but some first-class modern weapons. ‘The Krags, of course, have either been stolen or captured from American troops; most of the other modern arms were bought during the late insurrection against the Spaniards or captured from them. The most common arm is the Remington single shot, it fires a brass-covered leaden ball of the cylindro- conoidal shape, and large calibre pistols from the old-fashioned muzzle-loading single-barreled horse pistol to the modern Mauser automatic ten-shot pistol. Edged weapons include from the finest Toledo blade sabres, silver inlaid bolos, triangu- lar Spanish bayonet to the sharpened and hardened bamboo spears. The bullets of the various modern weapons are as follows : Krag-Jorgensen used by the Americen troops. Bullet core of SOME WOUNDS OF WAR. 511 lead, covered with a shell of cupro-nickel. Length, 1.181 inches ; diameter .3228 in. ; weight, 237 grains. Mauser bullet, core of lead, covered with either steel or cupro-nickel ; length, 1.212 in. ; diameter .311 in. ; weight 219 erains (Belgium). Spanish Mauser bullet, hard lead core, steel, coated with cupro-nickel. Length, 1.196 in. ; diameter, .2843 in.; weight, 172.8 gr. Mannlicher, lead core, envelope of lubricated steel. Length, 1.253 in.; diameter, .3228 in.; weight, 244 gr. Lee- Metford, hard lead core, jacket of cupro-nickel; length, 1.25; diameter, .31I1 ; weight, 215 grs. Schmidt-Rubin, hard lead core, steel envelope point ; length, 1.13 in.; diameter, .3189 ; weight, 211.5. Lebel, hard lead cupro-nickel; length, 1.26; diameter, .3228; weight, 216 grs. The muzzle-loading smooth- bore and rifles fire a round lead ball. The Winchester and Colt of large calibre, soft or hard lead conical bullets. Enfield bul- let is cylindro-conoidal in shape, of lead, with a boxwood plug, filling a large hollow at its base. The reason that modern bullets are covered with an envelope of harder material is to prevent leading of the rifles, which would soon render the gun useless if the outside of the ball was of soft metal. The destructive effects of a ball depends upon its velocity more than on its weight. The energy of weight and velocity constitutes its destructive propensities. In its flight through air the bullet has two motions, that of translation and of rotation ; it is acted upon by three forces, powder gas, resist- ance of air and gravity. The resistance of air gradually diminishes its velocity. The rotation of the bullet is due to the rifles in the barrel ; in guns that are not rifled there is also rotation on an axis, the direc- tion of which is determined by that point on the inner surface of the barrel with which it last came in contact. Thus, a cyl- indro-conoidal bullet projected from a smooth-bore gun is liable to strike the object aimed at as its length; rifling of guns has rendered this impossible by causing a rotary motion on its longer axis. The spin of a bullet is more rapid as the twists 512 COLEMAN NOCKOLDS. of rifling are shorter and velocity of translation greater ; for that reason the bullet of greatest length has the greatest velocity. The velocity of the motion of translation of a bullet varies with the distance from the firing point, chiefly owing to the resist- ance of the air; the velocity of rotation follows the acceleration and retardation of the former and change with it according to the distance. It therefore follows that the translation and rotation move- ments cease together when the former ceases by expenditure of energy. But when the motion of translation is suddenly and completely interrupted by contact with an obstacle the motion of rotation continues until its energy is expended. The shape of a bullet has considerable influence on its velocity ; flat heads offer greater to air; the Ogival has the least. . No class of wounds vary more in general characteristics than those caused by gunshots. The shape and size of the bul- let and more especially the velocity at which it was traveling at the time of impact are the chief factors which influence the extent of injury received. The spherical leaden ball of the smooth bore is the largest and has the slowest velocity ; they bruise the skin round the entrance wound, and the soft parts through which they tear are badly lacerated and bruised ; the diameter of the wound of entrance is larger than the diameter of the bullet, and the exit hole is larger than the entrance; it is also torn and lacerated, the skin is ragged ; if they happen to strike a bone they break it into a large number of pieces, many of the frag- ments are driven forwards and fissures extend in both directions from the seat of fracture. When the velocity of a round ball is low it may simply flatten against the bone. The spherical ball is also more liable to lodge in a bone than either the large or small bore cylindro-conoidal bullet. The cylindro-conoidal has greater penetrative powers. A higher velocity and a sharp- pointed head rotation does not aid in the penetration of a bullet. This is clear when one considers the fact that.an average mod- ern bullet only completes one turn on its long axis in seventy- eight inches of its onward course. Cylindro-conoidal bullets SOME WOUNDS OF WAR. 13° produce wounds the tracks of which are more clearly cut than by the round bullet; there is a slight ring of contusion at the point of entrance, which is smaller than the missile causing it, and the exit but little larger. If these bullets strike a bone while traveling at a high rate of velocity it shatters it into more numerous fragments than does the round ball. The actual site of fracture is completely cleared of splinters, some of which may be carried out with the bullet, others driven forward in dif- ferent directions. In this case the exit of the wound may be very large and lacerated, due to pieces of bone being driven through the skin. At lower rates of velocity, that is, at longer range, the bullet does not break the bone into as many frag- ments; they are also larger and less numerous and displaced, but the wound of exit is always larger when a bone has been fractured ; this is diagnostic. The modern small-bore rifle. By small bore is understood a rifle of .350 inch calibre or less. The Krag-Jorgensen is .315 in. Of other modern small bores the Lee-Metford .303, Mauser -301, Lebel .315, Mannlicher .315 and Schmidt-Rubin .295 inches. The Spanish Mauser 4 inch calibre. here is a great difference of opinion as to wounds caused by the modern rifle missive. Some authorities contend that they are so trivial as hardly to come up to the purpose for warfare, that their stopping effects are not sufficient ; that is very true as regards our animals or savages ; as unless at very short range or hit ina vital spot they invariably keep going. I have seen a number of horses with more than five bullet holes in them, some through the chest, others through the abdomen, or both, and still attend to their work as if only slightly wounded. Ona march recently with orders to kill everything that could not be caught it be- caine a common saying amongst the soldiers when shooting at animals at long range: It is no use wounding them ; we can shoot through them, but it does not kill. On one occasion a squad had been firing at a bunch of caribou numbering seventy-five ; quite a number were apparently unharmed, but did not seem to want to run away when approached, but would attack our 514 COLEMAN NOCKOLDS. horses ; some of these animals were literally covered with bullet holes, which in most cases had completely pierced them. One often sees ponies grazing mournfully around with old scars on portions of their bodies, which showed without much room for doubt that the bullets went right through them. It is con- tended that wounds inflicted by the modern small-bore are so trivial in nature and heal so quickly that the desired object is not attained against the enemy; that instead of putting a man hors de combat for such length of time as will prevent his tak- ing any further part in the campaign, the projectile wounds a man so slightly that after a few days or weeks he returns to his place in the ranks as capable of fighting as ever. This same argument holds good in cases of horses and transport animals. The opinion held by others is that the injuries caused by the projectile of the modern small-bore are so terriblein extent and so fatal in effects that in their opinion the weapons from which they are discharged contravene the spirit entered into by nearly all civilized powers in Russia in 1886. It is certainly appalling what a deadly weapon the modern gun is if in the hands of good shots, especially at close range ; at the same time many wounds inflicted by them heal and heal quickly, whilst wounds in the same region and of a similar character caused by a large bore rifle would prove rapidly fatal. At short range, because of the great velocity of the modern rifle bullet, it smashes everything with which it comes in contact, but at long range it bores holes, perforating bones without fissur- ing them, leaving smooth and small tracks, and secondary hem- orrhage is not as frequent as with the large bore. ‘They are not so apt to lodge in tissues because of the greater penetrative power with which they are endowed. ‘The entrance wound is always smaller than the exit; they are of circular shapeas if punched out, but if the skin is loose, the ring may have a jagged edge ; even when the ball strikes obliquely the wound is oval, but the en- trance wounds from a richochet is always lacerated, due to de- formation of the envelope of the missive. The size and shape of the wound depends upon the velocity and angle of the inci- SOME WOUNDS OF WAR. 515 dence of the bullet at the instant of impact with the skin, but the edge of the wounds of exit depends upon, in addition to these, the quality and extent of tissues through which it passes, but there is never as much variation in the shape of exit as of | entrance wounds. In the majority of cases the hole of exit is star shaped and lacerated, but may be oval; a bullet which even grazes a bone without causing fracture, is turned slightly from its course and comes out sideways, thus making a star-shaped, triangular or three or four-sided wound ; when it passes through a long hard bone the wound of exit may be a laceration several inches long, with torn edges and shreds of muscle and tendons protruding, and particles of bony débris adhering to its mangled sides ; exit wounds of this kind are only produced at ranges up to 600 yards and are always a sign of perforation of the diaphyses of long bones. : At all ranges and whether the bone has been hit or not, the exit hole is usually larger than the entrance. The relative po- sitions of the entrance and exit holes are almost always correct indications of the tract of the bullet, but sometimes when the bullet is turned aside by grazing a long compact bone, this statement does not hold good; but that is exceptional. The channel cut by the small-bore bullet is in the form of a cylin- drical tube, the diameter of which at short range is somewhat larger than that of the bullet ; at long range it is smaller, but is always larger towards the exit wound. Sudden enlargement oc- cur where the bullet passes through bone or tendon ; its sides are smooth and their vicinity engorged with blood, more or less depending upon the extent of the haemorrhage which has oc- curred; perforations of fascia are circular punched-out holes of the size of the bullet. Tendons are split in the length of their fibres, except the bullet strike sideways or is deformed when they are lacerated; pieces of saddle blankets, saddles, hairs, clothing, leather, etc., may be carried into the wound. Blood vessels are more often wounded by pieces of bone, but if the new bullet hits them, they will be clean cut; at long range, epiphy- 516 COLEMAN NOCKOLDS. ses and spongy bones are pierced with little or no splitting ; at short range they are splintered. Hard bones are intensely splintered at short range and gradually less so as the range is longer. The skull is shattered at short range; at long range the holes of exit and entrance are clean bored with no splintering. So-called explosive injuries that have been and are so often discussed, and during the late Boer war each side accused the other of using ‘dum dum” bullets, were in the majority of cases caused by the ordinary small-bore bullet at short range. Admitting that there may have been some individuals who used soft-nosed bullets, easily made by filing the point of the hard coated bullet until the lead is exposed, the fact still re- mains that the true cause of most of the severe injuries received in modern battles from small arms is due to the high rate of velocity of the missive, the soft parts at the moment of impact receiving a large amount of the energy of the bullet, move for- ward and outward in lines radiating from the long axis of the bullet tract with such a degree of force that they act as second- ary missives on the neighboring tissues and cause still further pulping and smashing of the tissues. Even the fluid particles participate in the secondary action, which is all the more marked when fragments of bone are driven apart in this man- ner. Bullets traveling at high rates of velocity produce crush- ing and attrition of the tissues both directly and indirectly: directly, by the immediate action of the bullet itself, and indi- rectly by the communication of a part of its energy to the solid and liquid particles which it displaces. Most frequently ex- plosive effects are only markedly apparent when a bone has been struck, lacerations being due to fragments and splinters. The effect produced when a buliet that has had its point filed off so as to expose the leaden core strikes, is to tear open the envelope, which turns back its edges in the form of jagged flaps of metal; the leaden core breaks up into slug-like par- ticles, which are scattered through the tissues in all directions, producing a wound of the utmost severity. (To be continued. ) PATENT STOCK FOODS AND CONDITION POWDERS. aLz PATENT STOCK FOODS AND CONDITION POWDERS.* By Tait BUTLER, VETERINARIAN TO NORTH CAROLINA STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. The so-called ‘‘ condition ’” powders, with which all stock- . men are more or less familiar, seem to have occupied about the same place in the treatment of live stock as the old familiar and much-detested “bitters” which the mothers of thirty years ago thought necessary each spring for the general health of the fam- ily. In those good old days of our fathers the administration of these nostrums were generally preceded by taking from each horse and each member of the family a considerable quantity of blood. The practice was thought to cure the sick and prevent the well from becoming sick. While it is true that the bitter tonics repaired some of the injury done by the bleeding, still, with the advance of intelligence among the masses, the fallacy of the practice became apparent; but the old idea was too deeply implanted in the common mind to be crushed by the dis- approval of medical science, and it arose again in a new garb as patent medicines and patent stock foods. The love of mys- tery, if not of humbug, so characteristic of the human mind, and the opportunities for secrecy and deception in the com- pounding of medicines, gave these new inventions a great field of operation. The large amount of money expended by the farmers of North Carolina for these patent condimental stock foods or con- dition powders, justifies the fullest publicity of information con- cerning their composition and merits. The claims made for them by their manufacturers are briefly stated as follows: 1. That they will prevent disease. 2. That they will cure a great variety of diseases. 3. That they are composed of certain rare and mysterious ingredients in such proportions as will cause a normal or * Reprinted from the Bulletin of the North Carolina State Board of Agriculture for May, 1902. 518 TAIT BUTLER. healthy animal to digest more food and make better use of a given quantity. 4. That they are of themselves foods of great and unusual value. The first requisite to a specific and intelligent discussion of these claims is a knowledge of the composition of the mixtures. Fortunately, a chemical analysis readily shows their food value, that is, the amounts of the different food elements which they contain; while a microscopic examination of them reveals the kinds of materials of which they are composed. The Experiment Stations have furnished this information in such a way as to preclude any probability of error. Massa- chusetts, Connecticut and North Carolina published bulletins on this subject so nearly at the same time as to make it certain that the work was done independently and without any knowl- edge of each other’s results, and the close agreement of their findings gives additional assurance of their accuracy. During the past year or two, International Stock Food has been extensively advertised and considerable of it sold in this State, while Pratt’s Animal Regulator has also had a large and general sale. For this reason we have selected these two, and will give their composition as published in the bulletins above referred to. According to the Connecticut Experiment Station, Bulletin No. 132, International Stock Food contains wheat feed, cay- enne, salt, charcoal, and some bitter drug ; Massachusetts, Bul- letin No. 71, says it contains wheat offal, pepper, salt, charcoal, and some material rich in protein, and the December, 1900, Bulletin of the North Carolina Department of Agriculture says it consists of wheat bran, red pepper, charcoal and linseed meal. It will be noticed that all agree that wheat in some form is the principal ingredient. Pepper and charcoal are also found by all three, while salt and a material rich in protein—linseed meal by North Carolina—are found by two, and a bitter drug by one. This is indeed a remarkable unanimity of results when it is remembered that these ‘‘ foods”’ are not by any means constant PATENT STOCK FOODS AND CONDITION POWDERS. 519 in their composition, it apparently being the custom of the man- ufacturers to fill up with any odd material that happens to be cheap and convenient. Pratt’s Animal Regulator, according to the Connecticut bul- letin, contains corn meal, salt, charcoal, fenugreek and a bitter. drug, while the Massachusetts bulletin says it contains corn meal, salt, fenugreek and a bitter drug. In both cases the bit- ter drug is thought to be gentian. The agreement is complete, hence almost certain to be accurate in all respects, except at the time the Massachusetts sample was made the manufacturer seems to have been out of charcoal, or perhaps it was just at that time so expensive that he could not afford to sell at $500 per ton. The following tables show that the chemical analyses, also agree as to the amounts of the different ‘food elements ” con- tained in these mixtures : INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD. | Nitrogen- Crude Authority. Protein.| Fat. |Free Extract.| Fibre. | Ash. ‘| Per Ct.| Per Ct.| Per Ct. | Per Ct.| Per Ct. Massachusetts. ..| 16.97 ga5 | 48.22 8.63 ree Bautecticut. f.)..0.0)..14.31 4.67 | 47.88 14.51 12.50 North Carolina. . .| 15.06 gto he Ne ep ete ae (NE oe ae PRATT’S ANIMAL REGULATOR. Nitrogen- Crude | Authority. Protein. | Fat. |Free Extract.| Fibre. | Ash. PERCE MEP CR Gre Per Ge. Pernek. | tear Massachusetts .. .| 10.13 4.56 61.86 PAse A) PEALE Counecticut. ....| 9.69 4.37 Gz235 4.72" > t24o North Carolina. . . 9.75 4.53 TURRET. Bee tag (oad he By keeping these analyses before us, we are now in a posi- tion to briefly consider the specific claims made by the manu- facturers and judge of their accuracy. In calculating the value 520 TAIT BUTLER. of either a medicine or a food, we must consider the cost and the results to be obtained from its use. The cost of Inter- national Stock Food is from $280 to $500 per ton, while that of Pratt’s Animal Regulator is about the same. Following the order in which we enumerated the claims made by the manufactures, we may pertinently ask, Are wheat bran, charcoal, salt, and pepper worth $500a ton for the preven- tion of disease? It is scarcely necessary to say that these ma- terials have no value above that recognized by all feeders, and are worth in combination or otherwise not more than ten per cent. of what they cost when bought as International Stock Food. The second claim made for these materials, namely, that they will cure a great number of diverse diseases, is equally false and ridiculous. It is a plain fact, approved by modern medical science, that a well animal does not need medicines, but is really injured by them if they are sufficiently active or strong to produce any appreciable effect. It is equally true that a sick animal should receive treatment for the special disease from which it is suffering. It is, therefore, apparent to any person that the claims made for these stock foods, or condition powders, that they will cure hog cholera, distemper, abortion and scours, make cows give more milk and hens lay, are im- possible even if he did not know the ingredients which they contain to be possessed of little or no medicinal or curative value. If any reader doubts this statement, let him ask his family physician, in whom he has confidence, if pepper, salt, charcoal, fenugreek and gentian in extremely small quantities have any decided medicinal properties. Moreover, if these in- gredients would in any quantity or proportion effect the marvel- lous cures claimed for them, the small amount contained in the prescribed doses of these stock foods would produce absolutely no effect. We have quite reliable information of a horse having eaten 12% pounds of International Stock Food without any ill effects. Itis evident that if that amount produced no apprecia- ble effect, two or three tablespoonfuls would not effect the marvellous cures proclaimed in the advertisements. PATENT STOCK FOODS AND CONDITION POWDERS. §21 The third claim enumerated is the one which seems to ap- peal more forcibly to the average farmer. No person acquaint- ed with the subject is likely to be caught by this claim, but the average stock owner will only be convinced by an actual feed- ing test. Such a test is absolutely worthless unless the animals selected are as nearly alike as it is possible to get them, and are kept under the same conditions. The food given, as well as the animals or their product, must all be weighed. Any trial made with less rigid or accurate conditions is worthless, but one such is of greater value than a hundred where neither the food nor the animals are weighed. Fortunately, many accurate tests have been made, and the results have been uniformly at vari- ance with the claims of the manufacturers. One such test may be quoted from a bulletin of the Kansas Experiment Station, by: H. Otis: EXPERIENCE WITH ACME FOOD. ‘“On Noveinber I, 1900, sixteen cows from the herd of the Kansas Agricultural College were divided into two lots as near- ly equal as possible, on the basis of the yields of milk and but- ter fat for the month of October. One lot (cows fed Acme food) had the advantage by 212 pounds of milk and 17.4 pounds of butter fat for the month. Both lots were fed on alfalfa hay, with a grain ration of equal parts of corn chop and bran. In addition to this feed, one lot received Acme Stock Food fed ac- cording to directions. On December 1, oats took the place of bran in the grain ration of both lots. The results for the three months (92 days) under experiment are as follows: Eight Cows Receiving Acme Food. Eight Cows Without Acme Food. Milk produced, pounds. .14,271 Milk produced, pounds . 14,395 West per cent.-. . A-a9, _Lestj-per cent. .. 4.13 Butter fat produced, lbs. 626.7 Butter fat produced, Ibs. 595-9 Cost per pound of fat, cts. 14.6 Cost per pound of fat, cts. 12.3 “The Acme Food lot consumed 136 pounds of Acme Food, which, at 11 cents (wholesale price) amounts to $14.96. De- duct this from the feed cost and the expense for feed in procuc- ing a pound of butter fat is reduced to 11.68 cents. The dif- ference in the total production of butter fat can readily be ac- §22 TAIT BUTLER. counted for by the difference in the lots at the commencement of the experiment, but granting that it is due to the effects of the Acme Food, it would make the extra butter fat cost 48 cents per pound. EXPERIENCE WITH GLOBE STOCK FOOD. ‘Taking the record for the month of January as the basis, a herd of twenty cows was divided into two lots as nearly equal as possible, there being only a difference of 1.4 pounds of butter fat in the total yield for the month. All the cows received alfalfa hay for roughness and equal quantities of corn- and cob- meal and oats for the grain ration. One lot received the Globe Stock Food in addition. The results for two months (59 days) are as follows : Ten Cows with Globe Food. Ten Cows without Globe Food. Milk produced, pounds . 12,784 Milk produced, pounds . 12,896 West sper cents --. 4:05, | Dest, (penceairenn 3.96 oO Butter fat produced, Ibs . 518.1 Butter fat produced ‘Ibs . pee? Cost per lb. of fat, cents. Ay, Cost per lb. of fat, cents. II “Tf the Globe Food be eliminated from this experiment, the cost of producing a pound of butter fat is the same in both lots. The totals for two months show that the cows receiving the Globe Food produced 6.8 pounds the most butter fat. Globe Food sells for 9 cents per pound (wholesale rates). The ten cows consumed 43.3 pounds, worth $3.89, or a cost of 57 cents for each extra pound of butter fat produced.” The value of any given food material is best estimated and appreciated by comparing its price with others containing about the same amounts of the different “‘ food elements.” Since the microscope showed us that the principal ingredient of International Stock Food is wheat offal, or wheat bran, we would expect the chemical analysis to correspond very closely with that of wheat bran, and such is the case. Its slightly in- ferior feeding value and other unimportant variations from or- dinary wheat bran are the result of the charcoal, salt, pepper and other useless and inferior substances with which the wheat bran was adulterated. Wheat bran may be purchased for from $20 to $25 a ton in PATENT STOCK FOODS AND CONDITION POWDERS. 523 North Carolina, while the other ingredients are even cheaper, yet tons upon tons of this stuff mixed up, called International Stock Food and thoroughly advertised, are being sold at from fifteen to twenty times that amount. The same facts apply to Pratt’s Animal Regulator. The microscope told us that 1t was composed almost exclusively of © corn meal, and the chemical analysis is consequently similar to that of corn. The more extensively advertised article sells at from $400 to $500 a ton, while corn meal may be bought for less than one-tenth that price, even with corn at a dollar a bushel. In conclusion it may be freely stated that the so-called stock foods and condition powders on the market, when tested by ac- curate and practical feeding trials, when judged as medicines, when compared in price with other materials of the same feed- ing value, or when measured by the claims made for them by the manufacturers, are frauds pureandsimple. If the live stock is well and properly cared for and fed, it needs no medicine. If care and feed are needed, the best may be had on any market for less than one-tenth that charged for them when put up in one or two pound packages and advertised as “stock food” or ‘condition powder.” The question often arises, why is it if these stock foods are all frauds that so many honest and intelligent men think they have obtained good results from their use? ‘The answer is not difficult. There is in every organism an inherent tendency to return to normal conditions, or, in other words, to get well if sick. A man, when he gets to the point of buying “ condition pow- ders’ for his horse, is ready to give him the better care and food which alone would and does bring about the desired im- provement in condition. The “stock food” gets the credit, al- though it does contain nothing but wheat bran, charcoal and pepper and salt. If it is a tonic that the horse, cow or pig is in need of, why not purchase gentian, iron and nux vomica direct from the druggist at half cost? They will not only cost less, but if medicine is really needed, are much more likely to pro- duce the desired effect. 524 V. A. MOORE AND F. R. WRIGHT. OBSERVATIONS ON BACILLUS COLI COMMUNIS FROM CERTAIN SPECIES OF DOMESTICATED ANIMALS.* By VERANUS A. MoorE, M. D., AND FLOYD R. WrRiGHT, A. B.,, OF TEGACA, ING OY: Read at the meeting of American Bacteriologists, Chicago, January I, 1902. There are few species of bacteria, other than the highly pathogenic forms, which have received more attention, and con- cerning which there seems to be more uncertainty, than Bacz/- lus coli communis. It is generally recognized that the normal habitat of this species is in the intestinal tract of man, and cer- tain, if not all, of the domesticated and, probably, wild animals. It is understood further that soil, or water polluted with the ex- creta of man or these animals may and usually does contain this bacillus in greater or less numbers for a certain length of. time after said pollution. It does not seem to be assured, however, that it will multiply and continue to exist as in a new habitat in these extraneous environments excepting possibly in rare in- stances under peculiarly favorable conditions respecting food, moisture, and temperature. Numerous investigations have re- vealed the existence of marked variations in this species and already there has come into recognition several groups of vari- eties with many intermediate and transitional forms. So con- spicuous have these varieties become that an inquiry is already being made into their possible significance froma sanitary point of view. Bacteriologists, however, are intensely interested in the conditions which give rise to so many varieties. A search for the source of the varieties and groups of varie- ties which have been described shows that, with few exceptions, they have been isolated from polluted soil, water, or lesions of various kinds in man or in animals. ‘The existing knowledge concerning the types and varieties of this species, as it exists in its normal habitat in the digestive tract of different animals, is so exceedingly meager that further investigations to determine, if possible, the extent of its variations in different individuals * Reprinted from American Medicine, March 29, 1902. OBSERVATIONS ON BACILLUS COLI COMMUNIS. 525 and even in the same individual, and in different species, seems to be promising of good results. The perplexing questions that are constantly arising respecting certain forms of the colon ba- cillus often found in water supplies and morbid tissues sug- gested the desirability of determining the relation between these - bacilli and those existing normally in the digestive tract of dif- ferent animals. To this end we undertook the present investi- gation of the colon group in its natural haunts. The amount of labor involved in following out the different lines suggested in such an inquiry, together with the difficulties involved in obtaining the intestines in the same condition, was so enormous that no attempt is made to correllate our findings either with the stage of digestion, or the character of the food taken previ- ously. We are unable to offer any information concerning the relative numbers of this organism in the different parts of the same intestine, information which our work has suggested would be very desirable and worthy of an independent investigation. In order to bring our preliminary findings* to the attention of those interested in this work, it seems best to report simply the results obtained, omitting all discussion of the literature. The general plan of work and methods which we followed are, stated briefly, as follow : 1. To make a series of gelatin plate cultures from each of the large (cecum or colon) and small (ileum) intestines of freshly-killed animals. For this a platinum loop full of mucus from the mucosa was taken for the first plate in each case. A tube of bouillon was also inoculated from each. 2. To make subcultures in bouillon from six well-isolated, characteristic, spreading colonies believed to be those of B. coli communis, which appeared on the plates. 3. To replate these bouillon cultures to make sure of no contamination. * In November, 1900, our laboratory was burned and we lost the cultures of the colon bacillus from 42 animals. These were partially studied, but not sufficiently to include in this list It can be stated, however, that so far as observed there were no marked ex- ceptions to the results here recorded. 526 v. A. MOORE AND F. R. WRIGHT. 4. To make from the colonies which developed on the second series of plates, subcultures (1) in agar for stock cultures, (2) directly from the same colonies in different media used in this study. 5. To determine the pathogenesis by inoculating such ex- perimental animals as the guineapig and rabbit. (This was found to be impossible for every culture owing to the scarcity of animals. ) After this general scheme examinations were made and the results here reported from 44 animals divided among six species. The cultures made from the different colonies of this bacillus from the intestine of the same animal were practically identical in all of their manifestations. For this reason, but one culture from each individual is included in the appended table. 1. Hlorses.—The horses from which the examinations were made were those killed for dissection in the department of ana- tomy of the New York State Veterinary College. They were old, but in a state of good health, with the exception of lame- ness, which in a few cases was very bad. In all, examinations were made from nine horses. In some animals the number of colonies of 2. col” communis which developed on the plates made from the mucosa of the large and small intestines were practi- cally the same. In these cases they comprised nearly all of the colonies. In others the number of colonies of A. colz communts from the cecum and ileum varied, and colonies of other bacteria predominated in numbers. The colon bacilli obtained from the different animals were morphologically alike, all motile, some moderately and others actively so. The cultures in bouillon and on agar, gelatin and potato, did not exhibit characters un- usual for this species*. Their effect upon the sugars, on milk, and the production of indol is indicated in the appended table. 2. Cattle.—Eleven examinations were made from the bovine intestines. No. 1 died suddenly, supposedly from poison. ‘The * The general characters which are referred to as differentiating the colon bacillus are those given by Dr, Theobald Smith (The American Journal of the>Medical Sciences, September, 1895.) OBSERVATIONS ON BACILLUS COLI COMMUNIS, 527 colon was decidedly hemorrhagic. Nos. 2 and 3 were killed because of tuberculosis. Nos. 4, 5 and 6 were killed for beef at the slaughter-house. The remaining five were slaughtered veals, four to six weeks old. We also examined the intestines of a calf of full term but born dead. All of the media inocu- ACTION OF BACILLUS COLI COMMUNIS FROM THE INTESTINES OF HORSES ON THE SUGARS AND MILK. Dextrose. Lactose. Saccharose. Milk, Horse zs H Y 25 H 3) zs H 3] no. | 2 | 328 es | 23 eS | ioe |——| e5 | coer = Cts CO; w+ QE9 COs ws ors GO; wo ated in I 3-5 ; I 3.6 ; I — | — |Acid.| — } — |Acid.; o — | Alk. | 8 days. 3 2.7 6 2.1 | 6 | 3.5 GM a ete 7 I 2 +) — | — a — | — ce — | — |Acid. | 2 days. 1A |i Beks pei Boer 13 I 6 I NGA 3 = feats jae DST 6 bub- = 6 fe} ee Ace (el no 13 s ble. coag. I 4.5 6 2 4 + wer =e cc ad =. a (e) a ce 7 days. 2 OES igs I I 1.4 I 3-3 5 —}—|—| * So eas ef fe) —_ cola days: 3 I 2 als 3 I 4.1 4 I 6 +/— |—| * — |— oe — | — |Acid.| 5 days. 13 2 2 2.6 13 I Git R I 2 Te Aah 7 + 2s ee ce ee out, ce aee ak oc 2 days. DoS 2 2 git reg NN ees} | 3-7 5-4 | 3-4 7-5 | 4.6 8 as pS « eis aie 6 eas Pa Mi « 4 days. | TOW 253%| AEs, || 13 226 z 5 3 No 9 +}; — }]—).. — |— us oO — | Alk. | change | 2 | 13 I noticed. In Nos. 6, 7, 8 the time required for the completion of the gas pro- duction in saccharose was 23, 17, 15 days respectively. 528 Vv. A. MOORE AND F. R. WRIGHT. lated from this animal remained sterile (not included in table). The number of colonies obtained from the different animals ACTION OF BACILLUS COLI COMMUNIS FROM THE INTESTINES OF CATTLE ON THE SUGARS AND MILK. Dextrose. Lactose. Saccharose. Milk. Cow oe = |a5° |co,| = | 22° |co,| *= | AES |co,| a= | latedin I By) 7 2 : if é 1 {+ | — | — |Acid.| — | — |Acid.| — | — |Acid. | 3 days. 2 3 13 I 13 3 7:5 | 2 5 3 5: duos 2 |e en 13 I BS Aen 13 2 2 So | 4 Be eee ee lls ev Elie aes oO — |Alk. | 3 days. 2 I 12h S| STAs 2D [Se Do) oso ; 5-5 | 3-2 ; 4{+t! — |— ue — |}—| « — | — |Acid.|.7 days. ie 2 13 2 Te) Giees3 5 3 ibe 2 S| = “ — | — ee fe) — |Alk. | 3 days. 12 2 L2e5 ule 5 3 I 3 (5 age ai (eed Fae | mee es | Oo —j| ‘ | 2 days. T2e5 ule 2 2 li ax EY {0) 6 3.6 q (Seda) a8 “4 me ee “ fe) — ‘«< 18 days. 2 Bi 13) eeed I ela) 6 3a 8 + <3 ae «6 pa cp a O pe “6 7 days. 2 255 13V il, 2a Lp | B68 5-3 |. 3 Bib | 4S ioe Dali careless el) 3 — |—| “« — | — |Acid.| 5 days. 2 2.4 12) eileen T3P eee I oi i 4 Iio/+/— |—] * — | — a ) — |Alk. | 8 days. 2 25 2 2uG 6 aE 7 2 I ony r{/+/;}/— |— of — |— oe — | — |Acid. | 8 days. Ast |Wapis 13 I 3 1.8 OBSERVATIONS ON BACILLUS COLI COMMUNIS. 529 varied greatly ; in the majority of cases there were more col- onies of B. coli communtzs on the plates made from the large in- testines. The bacilli in the cultures from the different animals showed a moderate degree of motility. The growths in the bouillon, on agar, gelatin and potato were in no way different ~ from those generally considered to be characteristic of 2. colz communis. ‘The effect on the sugars and on milk are given in the appended table. 3. Sheep.—Intestines from eight sheep were obtained. No. ACTION OF BACILLUS COLI COMMUNIS FROM THE INTESTINES OF SHEEP ON THE SUGARS AND MILK. Dextrose. Lactose. Saccharose. Milk. Sheep ere a|) El iter | eo | od toe] ore é : vg = £25 CO, ze 225 co, | “= B25 co,| 22 lated in 7-5 I 4 : I +} — | — |Acid.| — | — |Acid.| o — |Alk. | 2 days. 13 | 3-5 2 225 5-7 | 3.2 5-5) | Sra 2 + by vas 6c nak oe “cc fo) 7 cc 4 days. £20255 13 2 I 27 I ant y 2.9 3 +} — |—]| *« — |—}| * — | — |Acid.| 4 days. 2 2 2 2.4 2 2.8 4.8 | 2.8 Soloed 6.5. 3:5 a |+ —| « —|« —| « |4 days. 12.5 2 MWS || MeO) E2255 3 | 83.3 I 4 525 | 3-6 5 ate aes (a: —_ = Ct — ae 2 days. E25 | 2.5 2 Ba upsell I 4 7-5 | 4-7 5) 3-1 6 oy | fg Re na | a Se | SE ee Ne CES 2 2,0) |e E25 2:8 ey (Bao) 1a Nag Onaes ( Acid 7 ies ast c= ce —s Se Se Alice slight 2 | 2.3 13, | 2.2 ( ppt. Oe7. 4ek Rea ae | Acid 8 ee AY. aes « eee a) eee 4 fe) — eg j slight 12) |) 256 P2e5 eta | ppt. 530 v. A. MOORE AND F. R. WRIGHT. 1 died of some unknown disease. Autopsy was held a few hours after death. The intestines were apparently normal, except a few nodules caused by Zsofhagostoma Columbianum, Curtice. All of the others were from nearly or quite full-grown lambs, that were killed for food. Most of the gelatin plates developed many colonies of liquefying bacteria and fungi which interfered with even an approximate estimate of the number of colonies of B. coli communts. ‘The colon bacillus was isolated in a number of cases by plating bouillon cultures which were made directly from the mucosa at the time that the original plates were made. In every case the colon bacilli were motile, but the degree of ACTION OF BACILLUS COLI COMMUNIS FROM THE INTESTINES OF PIGS ON THE SUGARS AND MILK: Dextrose. Lactose. | Saccharose. ~ Milk. Pig = joi lbesohse err be gS ell ast Ocelot Mae Se | xc : aa 325 CO, gs | eee co, ze 226 co, 2S | iated'in TR 63 se) 9 287133 |S le r |++] — | — |Acid.| — | — |Acid.; — | — |Acid ree Ae | eels 1295 (0055 3 I I 1.8 Baty | B07 | N (mG are 2M a3 poe 0 2 {|—|—]— | 2 Alk. change. 5 sy 120 |} Agate) 5 Be a Qraleaad: I 1.6 Ss s fee] = Jal | SIS) | =I ieee ieee £2) 1.8 2 walelena| 5 9 . ALIS N57 I 4.2 6.7 4 4 Coagu- sealant Mecnthh Ge is ae alee lated. 3S dee) 2 ou) Tee hale2a7, I 2 I 4.2 - eh No 5 ‘Vn aaa Og nya ane 2 ae es change 2 I 2 2E5 : Toten neee 3 2 I 4.5 Coagu- 6 |++/ — | — oe = = « — | — |Acid. | lated in 25 vice 8 I By las 4 days. I 2.7 eta fies) 2 2 Coagu- 7 oe ge ee ee “ SS ec a ‘¢ | lated in 2 Tas 120 cates 5 I 3 days. * Notes concerning the time required to produce the changes in the milk in the first five cases were inadvertently omitted. OBSERVATIONS ON BACILLUS COLI COMMUNIS. 531 activity differed slightly, except in No. 8, which was very ac- tive, exhibiting a darting motion. The growths in bouillon, on agar, gelatin, ana potato, were characteristic of B. cold com- munts. "The effect on the different sugars and on milk, to- gether with the indol reaction, are appended. 4. Pigs.—tIn this series we used the intestines from full-grown pigs that were killed for food. The gelatin plates were remark- able for the great number of colonies of B. colt communis pres- ent, and the small number of colonies of other bacteria. Inthe hanging drop the colon bacilli isolated from each case were sluggish in their movement. There was nothing unusual noted respecting their growth in the bouillon, agar, gelatin, and po- tato cultures. The effect of growth in bouillon containing sugars and in milk, together with the indol reaction are given in tabulated form. 5. Dogs.—Six dogs were examined. No. 1 had distemper, ACTION OF BACILLUS COLI COMMUNIS FROM THE INTESTINES OF DOGS ON THE SUGARS AND MILK. | Dextrose. Lactose. Saccharose. | - Milk. Dog | = =p oye Mi 2 r) H Storey 3) = - = Ce } - No Sg CO a Mam 6 S58 SG |iloss |) Sis Coagu- = Site co. ws os COs ws Stake COs ws lated in 9 5 ; SS leo 7s (oi (sO) I + |} — | — |Acid.| — | — JAcid.|} — | — |Acid.) 3 days. 13 4 Ear 255 £34) }:0,8 7 - 5 3-3 2 == a ie < = || iy oO — |Alk. ; 3 days. 13 | I gabe 7 for 4-3 6.4 | 3.9 3 1+-);—{—] * — |—]| * o |—| * 14 days. 13 | 2-7 13 | 2-5 5 3.4 I 2 I ons|| 4 + — | — ue —— | = a — | — |Acid.| 3 days. £2) | 253 2 I 12 4 5 Colonies of Bacillus coli communis were not found. I 2 I pan \ gd seaman ds 6 +} — | — |Acid.| — | — |Acid.| — Acid. | 3 days. | 2 I 2 ri 10 2 532 V. A. MOORE AND F. R. WRIGHT. and the intestines were congested ; the other five were healthy dogs that were killed for the purpose of obtaining blood-serum for culture media. In one case (dog killed for serum) no col- onies of B. coli communis developed. In the other cases more &. coli were found in the large intestine than in the small. There were many colonies of liquefying organisms. The colon bacilli showed the characteristic morphology, and were all motile with no marked difference in degree. Cultures in bouillon, on agar, gelatin, and potato, showed no unusual characteristics, and all produced approximately the same amount of indol. The effect of the different cultures on sugar and milk follow. 6. Chickens.—The chickens, three in number, were about three-quarters grown, and were killed for food. 2. colt com- munis was present in large numbers. They were only moder- ately active. ‘The growths in bouillon, on agar, gelatin, and potato, showed no unusual characteristics. There was no ap- preciable difference in the amount of indol produced. The re- sults of partial examinations of the colon bacilli from seven other chickens gave, so far as made, similar results, except cer- tain of them which permeated saccharose with the formation of gas. The action of the bacilli from the three fowls, on sugars and milk are appended. A study of the action of the colon bacilli on the sugars and milk shows that those existing in the intestines of these differ- ent species of animals fall very naturally into two groups, viz., those that ferment the three sugars with the formation of gas and those that ferment dextrose and lactose only. These cor- respond with the two varieties described by Smith. It is im- portant to note that the quantity of gas produced and the rela- tive quantities of H and CO, varied somewhat in the different cultures. It is difficult, however, to find variations sufficient either in extent or constancy to warrant the formation of new varieties or groups. Hxaminations have been made of the intestines of a number of frogs with negative results so far as the colon bacillus is con- cerned. A number of rabbits have also been examined, with OBSERVATIONS ON BACILLUS COLI COMMUNIS. 533 the result that 2. colz communis appears in the intestine of about one rabbit in four. All of the cultures studied from the rabbits fermented the three sugars with the formation of gas. They ail produced indol and coagulated milk. ACTION OF BACILLUS COLI COMMUNIS FROM THE INTESTINES OF CHICKENS ON THE SUGARS AND MILK. , Dextrose. Lactose. Saccharose. Milk. Chicken Sa lear here | Poel Ley toe] H | No. g > = g > S ss g6 3 > s 5 Coagu- QES CO, “os Cre GO: “we OE? co, ae) lated in 3 2.5 3-3 2 é | : I — | — |Acid.|) — | — |Acid.| o — |Acid. | 2 days. 2 . ° } 13 | 0.5 ; 13 | 1-3 7 2 v 4.7 2 a “ a) « oO — | Alk. | 3 days. 3 I Tae 222 Aaa ioe | 5 aso nee 5 ee “ OP | AS “ rey — |Acid. | 3 days. 13 I Ea. Fyre? The variation in the pathogenesis of the cultures from the different species of animals was very marked in so far as they were tested. Guineapigs inoculated in the abdominal cavity with 0.5 cc. of afresh bouillon culture died in from 24 to 36 hours when inoculated with the cultures from dogs, but with very few exceptions they did not die after the inoculation with cultures from the other animals. The further fact was ob- served that when guineapigs were inoculated with cultures of one, two, three, four and five days’ growth respectively, those inoculated with the four and -five day cultures remained well while the others died. Additional results will be necessary be- fore conclusions can be drawn from these preliminary observa- tions. Many New York State veterinarians complain that the laws are not enforced against non-qualified practitioners. This sub- ject will be brought before the meeting in Brooklyn on the 9th and roth inst. Every practitioner in the State should feel it his duty to be present and assist in the efforts then to be made. 534 J. H. HANNA. VALEDICTORY ADDRESS, DELIVERED By J. H. HANNA, CHICAGO VETERINARY COLLEGE, AT THE COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES, FRIDAY, MCH. 28, 1902. Mr. President, Professors and Classmates : To few men does life bring a brighter day than that which places the crown upon their scholastic labors, and bids them go forth from the halls of their Alma Mater to the great world’s battle-field. There is a freshness in these early triumphs, which, like the bloom and fragrance of the flower, is quickly lost, never to be found again even by those for whom fortune reserves her most choice gifts. Fellow-classmates, we have stood upon the threshold of the world; of the many careers which are open to human activity, we have chosen ove. Wordsworth says, ‘A noble azm, faithfully kept, is asa noble deed.” All men have an ideal, base or lofty, which moulds charac- ter and shapes destiny, and to a man who is a lover and con- noisseur of animals, whose desire it is to live for a good purpose, the attainment of a profession by which he is enabled to scien- tifically treat, in accident or disease, any of the domesticated animals, and enhance their value and usefulness to man ; that is Azs ideal, the truest expression of his nature, one that he loves, and lives by, and, perchance, his ideal will be real and he will take rank with the profound thinkers and finished scholars of the world. Not half a century ago was established in Boston by Dr. George Dadd, the first veterinary school in this country. There appeared to be at that time an impression that the work of a veterinarian was but a subordinate medical practice, so the teachings of the early days were given into the hands of physi- cians and surgeons, and not until there appeared a new genera- tion of veterinarians did the great advancement in comparative medicine commence. ° VALEDICTORY ADDRESS. 535 To-day, in the heart of this metropolis, occupying one of the foremost places in this great nation, resplendent in the glory of her achievements, is our college home. The spirit of research, independent investigation and self-reliance zs there for inspira- tion. The course of study, conducted by the most able instructors, _ has been broad, extensive and thorough in every detail. The mode of teaching has been so practical, so comprehen- sive to the student, that he cannot help being able to cope with all the difficulties incident to his profession, and catch the in- spiration of future development. The interests in the animal world have grown so varied and extensive, veterinarians are now looked to for protective measures in the food supply derived from animals. They are expected to be comparative pathologists able to treat diseases of each species of the domestic animals, to know the nutritive needs of animals kept for different purposes and doing different kinds of work. How to utilize to the best advantage the different products of the farm for growing animals for meat or milk ; also, to understand the physiology of the reproductive processes of the animal kingdom, the laws governing heredity, and the in- fluences and conditions that may be applied to improve the off- spring, that they may be made stronger to endure work and re- sist disease. They are looked upon as safeguards to public health, in- specting animals subject to diseases transmissible to man. In view of the foregoing we are justified in saying that the veterinarian has by the force of unrelenting efforts and the most discouraging conditions, finally achieved the distinction which he merits. Although we have been of one mind in choosing our profes- sion, dug and delved from the same old text-books, wrestled with Chauveau, Friedberger, Frohner and Stengel /ogether, listened to the saine able teachers, who have been untiring in their efforts to stimulate and direct the energies and impulses of each and every one of us, who have marshaled us from the 536 J. H. HANNA. hard prosy studies of anatomy, physiology and chemistry to bacteriology and its microscopical revelations, who have taught us principles, and how to apply our knowledge, and the way to gain more, and especially have they labored unceasingly to in- spire us with a love of mental exercise, instilling us with self confidence sufficient to commence our life’s work ; although we have all had these same advantages and may have the same ability, our fame and fortunes will be varied. To-morrow we shall leave these halls, around which so many pleasant recollections hover, to continue amid other surround- ings the work of veterinary science, which “ere has but begun. It is my earnest desire that you go forth filled with resolute will and noble enthusiasm to labor, even to the end, in building up that being which is Yourself, and increasingly approach the finest type of perfect manhood, feeling and understanding that no labor can be too great or too long if it results in the advance- ment of veterinary science. In the fractice of your profession train the mind to habits of patient attention, and careful observation, remembering that suffering is hard to bear, and pain cannot be quiet. Be always conscious of the fact that a veterinarian is not a second-rate doctor, nor a jockey, neither does he belong to the great Ameri- can army of horse doctors, nor does he belong to the subordi- nate branch of the medical profession. He caz be, however, the natural and highest authority on questions pertaining to comparative medical science, therefore let your every act be such as to maintain the dignity of your profession, that this science may grow and be strengthened, until it takes its proper place among the economy of nations. Fellow-members, we part to-day, perchance to meet no more. Yes, to meet no more, for in this ever-changing world, the finite mind cannot foretell, what may befall us, ere the break of day. But on each succeeding anniversary of this day, this day of sadness and of triumph, may our thoughts go back to when we were standing on the threshold of a new life, so full of hope, and so eager for action, whether the best successes have VALEDICTORY ADDRESS. a37 been our lot, or whether we have drank deeply of the bitter cup of failure, let our thoughts revert to the happy days in the C. V. C., gone to return no more. My best wishes go with you, that you may ever be an honor to your calling, and God forbid that any one of us shall in any - way disgrace our chosen profession, the profession of humanity, or reflect anything but praise and credit upon the school of which we are so proud. To the President and Faculty: In behalf of the class of Igor and 1902, I wish to express our gratitude, and our appre- ciation of your patience and forbearance. We realize now as the time draws near to say good-bye, how much you have en- deared yourselves to us, by these and many other considerations, and while you journey down life’s pathway and near the un- known land may you be endowed with those priceless vzches, contentment and the knowledge of a work well done. THE annual announcement of the Ontario Veterinary Col- lege, Limited, Toronto, Canada, has just been issued. The session will commence this year on Oct. 15. A NEw AN&STHETIC.—The following item is from the Lexington (Mo.) News, of July 31: “Wagnetic Hypnotism Suc- cessfully Practiced on the Horse.—Dr. Smith removed a large lime deposit from the shoulder of a horse belonging to Mr. Rag- land, of Mayview, which was of several months duration, and had become deeply encysted between the muscles. During this en- tire and painful operation not an anzesthetic was used. The animal was under perfect control and remained quietly stand- ing until the end, showing conclusively the effects and power of magnetic hypnotism in the lower animals. In order to elim- inate to a more or less degree the pains and sufferings of the dumb brute, Dr. Smith has spent much time and study on this especial branch of science, whereby he might become able to control his patient, and especially the horse. This demonstra- tion was his most successful one, and up to the present time the horse is recovering nicely.” [The “ Dr. Smith” referred to is Dr. George I. Smith, of Lexington, Mo., who has reported some interesting cases in the REvIEw. If he is responsible for the above item, we trust he will write and explain the method which he has adopted.—EDITor. | 538 C. A. MC KIM. PHLEGMASIA DOLENS, OR WHAT ? By Dr. C. A. McKim, NORFOLK, NEB. Read before the lowa-Nebraska Veterinary Medical Association, Omaha, October, Igor. In selecting this subject for my paper before this associa- tion, I have not done so thinking I know much about it, or that I can give you anything new or of importance in regard to it ; but its being of rare occurrence and having happened in my practice at two different times, once in a cow and once in a mare, I was led, or compelled, to give it some extra study, so thought it might be of interest to you. The definition of the word “Ak/ego”’ is to inflame, and of “ pbhlegmasta dolens” or “ phlegmasia alba dolens,” an acute cedema of the leg, from venous obstruction—a white, firm swell ing of the legs after delivery. On March 25, 1898, I was called to see a cow belonging to our dairyman, which, he said, was one of his best milkers. On my arrival at his farm I found the patient in his cow stable (which was a very good one, well built, ventilated, drained, and well lighted). The owner informed me that the cow had calved a few days before, not stating just how many days; and appar- ently had no trouble in giving birth to the calf. The owner was also sure she had passed all of the placenta or afterbirth, and he had thought, up to the day before my visit, she had been doing very well. Then he noticed a slight discharge passing from the vulva. She was restless, and refused her feed, or only ate in- differently. She also strained some and made frequent attempts to micturate. By examination per vulva and vagina, I found the mucous membrane injected ; the os uteri was so firmly constricted I could not at first pass my index finger into it. I removed from the vagina long strings or masses of dark yellow, or chocolate colored mucus. The pulse was quick and frequent. I have forgotten now the degree of fever, but her temperature was ele- vated. She would lie down and be disinclined to rise, lying on her side and grunting. My diagnosis was acute septic metritis. PHLEGMASIA DOLENS, OR WHAT? 539 As the cow had received good care and feeding and been in warm quarters, I could not say it was caused by neglect or tak- ing cold, but considered it due to absorption of some septic ma- terial, probably part of the placental membranes, but I could not dilate the os sufficiently to get my hand into the uterus to make an examination. I introduced my female catheter through the os and flushed out the uterus and vagina with a solution of permanganate of potash, having the water as hot as I could bear my hand in it; this I injected with my injection pump. This was repeated every other day at my visits, as the owner could not attend to it himself. It should have been done once or twice aday. After using the permanganate a few days I alter- nated with a lysol solution. I also prescribed a fever mixture and later a tonic or stimulant. With this treatment the cow improved slowly, but on April 1 the owner came in and told me the cow was lame in the left hind leg. I promised to go out the next day. I did so, and found her suffering from a good deal of pain in the leg. It was swollen at and a little above the fetlock, was hot and painful to the touch. I asked the owner if she could have hurt herself in any way, but he could not account for it at all. There were no signs of any injury. I, however, prescribed for a sprain, hot fomentations and bathing with a liniment and bandaging. At my next visit imagine my surprise and puzzle in finding the cow’s leg swollen nearly up to the body, the swelling being cedematous; the lymphatics on the inside of the leg enlarged and corded. My first impression was,—Is it a case of lymphan- gitis ?—but I thought not. I continued my hot applications and liniment, also the fever mixture, and instructed the owner to come in and let me know how it was the following morning. I admit I was bothered to account for the conditions pre- sented in the case unless I might call it septic infection from the uterus, and I did think of a pelvic abscess, but could not locate one. The limb swelling first at the fetlock was a puzzle, but now I can account for it, if there was a venous obstruc- tion. 540 C. A. MC KIM. I had, a short time before this secured Dalrymple’s “ Veteri- nary Obstetrics,” and I will now give you his description of my case, which I concluded was phlegmasia dolens : ‘““’This condition,” he says, “(is more common in the human subject than in the lower animals. It appears generally a few days after parturition. It is due to an obstruction of the lymphatics of one or more limbs, or of the femoral, or femoral and iliac veins, and is followed by cedema of the affected limbs. ‘The cause is believed to be pressure of the uterus or throm- bus, due to obstruction by some foreign material from the uterus.” The American text-book of ‘‘Obstetrics” calls it ‘¢ Phleg- masia Alba Dolens,”’ and says: ‘‘ It may be due either to phlebitis or to cellulitis; often both conditions are combined. In the phlebitic form one or more veins form solid strings and below the obstruction the extremity becomes cedematous and swollen. In the cellulitic form the skin is white or pink, tense and hard, one or both legs swell and the epidermis may be lifted by a serous fluid, forming large vesicles. The inguinal glands swell. Suppuration and mortification may spread destruction in the connective tissue under the skin, or between the muscles. This pernicious form, however, is rare.’ [But in my case in the mare, as I will describe, I had all the above conditions. | “Commonly the inflammation begins the second week after confinement.” ‘The lymphatics on the inside of one or both hind limbs become enlarged and corded, somewhat resembling lymphan- gitis. This is followed by cedema of the whole limb, the ani- mal loses the power of the limb [in my cases this was only partial], first a¢ the fetlock, then all of the joints become affected and ultimately the patient gets down. On examination the limb is found to be swollen, hot, and very painful. “The disturbance is considerable and much fever is present. The pulse is hard, quick, and frequent. There is inappetence and the secretion of milk much diminished. If the patient is carefully treated these symptoms gradually disappear, but in PHLEGMASIA DOLENS, OR WHAT? 541 some cases it runs on, inflammation of the tissues of the limb generally takes place, and abscesses form, chiefly at the hock ; the animal may die from anemia, septicemia, or traumatic fever.”’—(Dalrymple. ) All these symptoms were marked in my case, the cow gave hardly any milk, a large abscess formed at the external lateral aspect of the hock, and I could pass my long probe for twelve inches up under the perforans and perforatus tendons and up under the postero-internal aspect of the limb. The discharge was of a yellow or creamy color, and the owner asked me if it was not the milk coming down that way. Dalrymple says, if the patient be a mare put her in slings. Give a laxative in all animals, followed by febrifuges and diuret- ics. Where the limb is very painful, hot fomentations may be used in the first stage, and judicious scarification if the effusion is considerable. Patients that will not permit of slinging, should be turned every three or four hours. When the acute stage has been passed, bandaging will assist absorption, and eure absorb- ents and tonic should be given. The phlegmasia usually runs its course in from three to six weeks and ends in resolution—it may pass into suppuration and the patient still recover ; as a rule the thrombus is absorbed and the swelling subsides. I followed the above treatment as suggested. The abscesses I treated twice daily with hot poultices and syringing out the cavities when poultices were changed with a lysolsolution. The discharge per vagina was stopped and the animal made a recov- ery in about six weeks. On April 13, 1900, I was called out to see a large black mare. She had a colt about ten days old. The owner had thought her all right until this time, but she now began to re- fuse her feed and seemed in pain. ‘There was a discharge from the vagina, which he said had been so since she foaled. I could discover nothing but the discharge and she disliked to have me examine the vagina as if it gave her pain. I left a wash forthe 542 Cc. A. MC KIM. vagina and a tonic and fever mixture. Her temperature’ was about 102° F. The owner reported in a day or so she was doing well. On April 23 he came for me again, and when I got out to his place I found the mare in a good deal of pain, the fetlock swollen and hot. She could not bear her weight on it very well. I could find no swelling or soreness higher up, at this visit, but I suspected it was phlegmasia and prescribed as above. On the 28th her leg was swollen nearly to the body, and all other symptoms of the disease were present. Ina few days a hard, firm swelling appeared over the gluteal muscles of the left side and I could detect it with my hand in the vagina. On May 5, when I went out, I found her down and unable to rise. The owner said we might as well kill her. I found the abscess in the gluteal muscles ready to open and made a long free incision, and I believe more than a gallon of pus escaped. This should have been opened several days earlier, but the owner had been in and told me not to come out, as he thought it no use, but I went out on this trip anyway. After the pus escaped I took my long seton needle and passed it into the cavity until I could feel it through the vagina, and I made a good free opening into the vagina and about eight inches in from the vulva. Then I flushed the cavity out thoroughly with a permanganate wash. The mare got up before I left. I treated her similar to the cow, and she made a nice recovery in six or eight weeks and is still alive and working, although away up in her teens. Thanking you for your kind attention, and, while I doubt if I have repaid you for your time in listening to me, I trust the discussion of the paper may bring out some points of interest and value to us all. NEw YORK STATE VETERINARIANS who have been voicing their discontent at the non-enforcement of the veterinary laws should attend the State Society meeting, at Brooklyn, 9th and roth inst., and lend their aid, or forevermore hold their peace. TREATMENT OF DIARRHC@A AFFECTIONS IN. ANIMALS. a43 BRIEF NOTES ON THE TREATMENT OF DIARRHEA AFFECTIONS IN ANIMALS. By P. A. GrrRARD, M. D. C., NEw RICHMOND, WISs. In the treatment of diarrhceal affections in domestic animals © I have fouud that we can avail ourselves with advantage of some of the newer intestinal astringents and disinfectants which have been so widely discussed in late years, and which have proved so valuable an addition to the list of remedies. My ex- perience with one of these, tannopine, has been so gratifying that I would briefly review the results of my observations. This drug is a chemical combination of tannic acid and hexamethylen-tetramine. It is a reddish-brown powder, insolu- ble in water and weak acids, and contains about 87 per cent. of tannic acid. It passes unchanged through the stomach, its action being entirely confined to the intestinal canal, in which it splits up into tannin and ammonium formaldehyde. Owing to this peculiarity it will not upset the stomach, and as its de- composition in the intestine is slow and gradual the effect extends down to the lower portions of the bowel. For this rea- son it is applicable both in catarrhs of the upper and lower in- testine. Aside from its astringent property, tannopine is an excellent disinfectant, this being due to the fact that the hexa- methylen-tetramine, which is one of its components, sets free formaldehyde, which is one of our safest and most efficient in- ternal antiseptics. Dr. A. C. Hassloch, of New York (AMERICAN VETERINARY REvIEw, November, 1900), considers tannopine of great service in the treatment of diarrhceal affections, acute and chronic intestinal catarrhs, and enteritis of horses and cattle and the smaller animals. Following his recommendation I have used it in similar cases. Owing to its tastelessness it can be easily given in the feed. Last September I was called ten miles to see a cow affected with acute diarrhcea. The animal was passing thin, watery, mucous fluid. She was so greatly exhausted as to be unable to 544 PAC GIRARD be on her feet and had been in that condition for two days with- out taking any food. J administered three drachms of tanno- pine, and ordered the same dose to be repeated in two hours until three had been taken, and then the same amount every three hours for two doses. After that the drug was to be con- tinued in two-drachm doses three times daily. The next day, in the evening, the owner reported that the diarrhoea had ceased that morning. There was no more straining and the appetite had greatly improved. No further treatment was required. Another case was that of a western horse that had been brought from Montana. He had never had a halter on, and was as wild as a broncho, so that it was very difficult at first to corral him. When I saw him, however, he was so weak that I found no difficulty in administering four drachms of veterinary tannopine. I left four more powders of three drachms each, . and ordered one to be given every three hours, at the end of which time the owner was to report to me. By that time the horse had so much improved that I was informed that he did not require my services any further. The appetite was good and the animal had resumed its former friskiness. These two cases are cited only to show the promptness with which the remedy usually acts in diarrhoeal conditions, and my results have in general been so satisfactory that I have no hesi- tation in recommending the drug for general use in the treat- ment of the various forms of gastro-intestinal catarrh, both of acute and chronic character. VETERINARIANS of New York State should be in Brooklyn on Sept. 9 and 10 to witness and participate in the surgical clinic at the meeting of the State Society. MOLASSES, or syrup, is becoming quite popular as a food for horses in New York, and a number of veterinarians are experi- menting with it in large stables of their clients. The high ptice of oats has compelled owners to try for some ration that is cheaper, and yet will produce muscular strength and adipose tis- sue. Dr. Berns, of Brooklyn, will present his experience with the food before the New York State Society, which meets in Brooklyn, Sept. 9 and Io. REPORTS OF CASES. 545 REPORTS OF CASES. ** Careful observation makes a skillful practitioner, but his skill dies with him. By re- cording his observations, he adds tothe knowledge of his profession, and assists by his facts in building up the solid edifice of pathological science.”’ PARTURIENT PARALYSIS PRIOR TO PARTURITION—FATAL. By JOHN J. REpp, V.M.D., Professor of Pathology, Veterinary Division, Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa. Subject.—A pure-bred Jersey cow, large size, 8 years old, good condition, heavy milker, expected to calve at any hour. fitstory.—Cow completed nine months of her gestation period June 17, 1902. She was on pasture about one-half mile from her stable, to and from which she was driven daily until the evening of Wednesday, June 25, 1902. The grass she ob- tained in the field was her sole diet. June 26th she was kept in the stable yard and fed a small amount of ground corn and some blue grass which had been mowed a week before. On June 20th milking was begun and continued to the time her illness begun. The cow had no previous illness except an at- tack of conjunctivitis about a yearago. On Thursday morning, June 26th, she ate, but not with the usual avidity. Shortly after feeding she was noticed to stagger in walking and when she lay down had some difficulty in rising. Her muzzle was dry. She had not defecated or urinated during the morning. The owner sent for me and I arrived at 11 A.M. Observations and: Treatment.—The cow was lying on her sternum and was unable to rise, although she made several at- tempts on being urged ; temperature, 100°; pulse, 64; respira- tion, 20, with expiratory sound much accentuated ; muzzle dry ; udder very pliable; slight curve in neck when animal at- tempted to extend it; at intervals the head would be carried around toward flank and kept there momentarily ; conscious- ness and sensation slightly impaired ; occasionally she would throw her head to the floor with slight violence. On examina- tion per vaginam, it was found that the os had not yet begun to dilate and that the presentation was normal. ‘There was no evidence that labor had begun. I made a diagnosis of parturi- ent paralysis, and at once gave 114 grains of strychnine sul- phate hypodermically; then withdrew the milk, washed the udder and teats with soap solution and disinfected them with 5% solution of carbolic acid in warm water; injected into the udder one quart of water in which was dissolved 214 drams of 546 REPORTS OF CASES. potassium iodide; emptied the rectum with the hand; gave subcutaneously 1 dram fluid extract of digitalis; had the cow propped up on her sternum ; gave directions to keep herin that position and to prevent her from injuring herself by violent movement, toward which she manifested more than the usual tendency. At 6.30 p. M. I was telephoned by the owner to come to the cow as soon as possible, as she had been getting gradually worse during the afternoon, and had been rather violent in her action. I arrived at 7 P.M. The cow was lying with her head upon her side, a position which she kept most of the time, ex- changing at intervals and for short periods, for the latericum- bent position. She threw her head with moderate violence oc- casionally ; was in a semi-comatose condition; temperature ro1°; pulse 80 and of fairly good quality; respiration 40 with loud groaning expiratory sound ; the rectal mucous membrane was highly congested, some blood issued from it, and it was re- laxed so that a small fold protruded; still no sign of labor. She was given through the teats 21% drams of potassium iodide in one quart of water; was given a rectal injection of 2 gallons of warm water, in which 4 ounces of sodium chloride had been dissolved; six quarts of highly colored urine was withdrawn with the catheter; one-half dram of fluid extract of digitalis was given hypodermically. The cow was then left resting somewhat easier. At 10 Pp. M. I returned and was told that the cow had been somewhat violent. She was still about half conscious; res- piration and pulse about as on previous visit; animal lay on her sternum with nose in flank the greater part of the time; no evidence of labor. I ‘gave one-half dram of fluid extract of digitalis hypodermically. At 7 o’clock the next morning I was informed that the cow gradually became weaker and weaker, more and more nearly comatose, and died at 3 o’clock a. M. Autopsy.—There was found a large, fully developed female foetus in normal position; kidneys congested, perhaps the seat of an acute parenchymatous inflammation ; capsule stripped off easily; udder congested; the lymphatic glands of the udder showed petechiz in the cortex. All other organs were in a nor- mal condition except for some post-mortem congestion. Remarks.—This case is notable on account of its occurrence before parturition. It was of a malignant nature from the be- ginning, and progressed to a fatal termination within about 21 REPORTS OF CASES. 547 hours of its onset, with its course but little modified by treat- ment. It is arather common experience that cases showing the tendency to excitement are more apt to be fatal than when the animal is overonie by coma and remains quite. A number of veterinarians have told me that they disiike the violent cases as they are less apt to yield to treatment. ‘This is my seventh case of parturient paralysis within a year. he other six re- covered. SOME MORE BENEFITS DERIVED FROM GLYCO-HEROIN (SMITH) IN THE TREATMENT OF COUGHS. By GEo. W. MEVER, D. V. S., New York City. In the June issue of the REVIEW, I was very much inter- ested in the article by Dr. DeVine, on “ Glyco-Heroin (Smith), in the Treatment of Coughs.” His experience of an obstinate cough fitted mine to a letter, having at the time a case that made me fee] it was beyond a cure. Not having tried glyco-heroin before, I lost no time in send- ing down to the Martin H. Smith Co., at 105 Chambers Street, New York City, and procured several bottles, with the following results : Case No. 1.—Roan gelding, five years old, draught horse ; had a severe attack of laryngitis about three months ago. Cough had never left him. The usual remedies that generally relieve a cough were tried, until patience on both sides, that of the owner and myself, was pretty nigh exhausted, and decided that this would be a good case to test glyco-heroin. So the driver of above horse was supplied with an eight-ounce bot- tle of glyco-heroin, a syringe (2j) and a vessel to measure an ounce, and directed to give 3j every two hours. As he was in- terested in getting his horse well, he faithfully administered the medicine. This small amount was given him so as to com- pel him to stop every second day for a fresh supply, thus en- abling me to get a report as to how he was progressing. After the first eight « ounces were given, a marked improvement was noticed ; the eight-ounce bottle was refilled, and so on, and each time the supply was given, an improvement was noticed, until three pints were used, when the driver came in smiling, returned the syringe and a foe ounces of glyco-heroin, saying the horse had not coughed for the past few days, and didn't think he would need any more medicine. "Three weeks are now passed since his last dose, and nothing mentioned of that dreaded cough. 548 REPORTS OF CASES, Case No. 2.—Black gelding, six years old; laryngitis acute ; temperature 103° F.; appetite slight, cough dry and often ; na- sal discharge slight. Counter-irritant applied and usual reme- dies. Following day temperature 1053° ; appetite none; cough very frequent. Acetanilid(3j) given; glyco-heroin (Smith), 3 j, every two hours. Following morning, at 8 A. M., temperature 1022° ; appetite slightly improved; coughed notso frequently ; nasal discharge increased ; glyco-heroin continued, = j every two hours. After the third dose, large hard pieces of phlegm were blown from nostrils. At 6 Pp. M. seemed to look for feed, and did finish two quarts of soft feed. Next day, 8 A. M., temper- ature 1002° F.; good appetite ; much brighter spirits ; coughed but once; nasal discharge decreasing ; medicine reduced to 2] (t.i.d.). Following day temperature 100° F. ; eating feed with a relish ; no cough noticed ; nostrils clean; everything normal ; medicine stopped; gentle exercise ordered. Has worked each day, and at last report has not been heard to cough since. — Case No. 3 1 nine years old, about I500 pounds. Coughed for about two months. Nothing had been given to relieve it ; owner simply thought his horse had a slight cold, as he fed well, seemed all right, and worked each day. Finally, getting tired of hearing the cough, decided to see about it. Glyco-heroin (Smith) was given, 2 iss every two hours; no more was needed than the Oj; the cough disappeared. Case No. 4.—Iron grey gelding, four years old, large truck horse ; had a cough when purchased three months ago; had an attack of pneumonia. When convalescent had a cough that seemed to “shake him all to pieces,’ was the stableman’s ex- pression ; this was another good case for glyco-heroin. So a pint was supplied, with directions to give 2j every two hours, and report when medicine was gone. The report was that the horse was “a whole lot better,” but another bottle might help it. So another pint was supplied, with directions if cough did not stop, to call for more. As this was a valuable horse, the expense was no object. However, no more was needed; the horse was put to work, and by the time the second pint was used, the cough was entirely gone. Case No. 5.—Bull terrier dog, coughed for about two days. It was an acute case of laryngitis, with high fever, no appetite, very much distressed, and very sensitive to touch in region of larynx. With each paroxysm of cough it seemed he would choke. Glyco-heroin was given (2 ii), half a teaspoonful every two hours; in two days so much improved that the next few REPORTS OF CASES. 549 days half teaspoonful t.i.d. was given. Within a week dog was back to his former spirits and felt as if nothing had happened. Case No. 6.—Grey gelding, ten years old, small delivery horse, coughed four or five times a day. This case was imme- diately sent for treatment. Received one ounce glyco-heroin every three hours. End of second day no more cough was ~ noticed. Case No. 7.—Fox terrier dog, would cough very frequently. Upon examination found to yield on pressure to throat, and cough when pressure was applied. A few questions brought out that he had pulled very hard on collar, not being accus- tomed to being tied. Glyco-heroin was given, half teaspoonful t. i. d. Owner reported after week elapsed, that the dog stopped the cough on the second day, but thought it best to finish the medicine. Case No. 8.—Grey gelding, ten years old, large draught horse. Symptoms very much the same as case No. 2. Acute laryngitis, temperature 106° F. Very much distressed, could swallow very little water, most of it returning through the nos- trils. Counter-irritant applied, and glyco-heroin given 3] every two hours. Next day not much improvement, temperature 1052°, appetite none whatever; gave 31ii glyco-herion every two hours, with a better result. The nasal discharge increased, large hard pieces of phlegm falling at bottom of pail when at- tempts were made at drinking. Following day slight improve- ment in appetite. Temperature 102°. In drinking, quite some water returned through the nostrils. His cough was decidedly improved, and on this day had eaten two quarts of feed at a meal. ‘The dose was now reduced to 3j every two hours, and at the end of three days temperature was 100° F. Appetite good, the discharge from nostrils very slight, general appear- ance very bright, with only an occasional cough. On second following day was put in for half day’s work, which was slow, and medicine given t.i.d. After a week was passed no more cough was heard, and horse is as well as ever. From the beginning I could see many advantages in the use of glyco-heroin (Smith). It being of a syrupy consistency, which when syringed into the mouth, sticks to the tongue and lips, thus hardly a drop is wasted by spilling. It is very con- venient to administer, besides having a pleasant taste, the pa- tients seem to like it, but the most important of all is the rapid and permanent recovery each case has made, and I feel that if any fellow-practitioner is in trouble with a case of cough, he 550 REPORTS OF CASES. will have a remedy in glyco-heroin (Smith) that will help him out. PARTURIENT PARESIS (?)—SCHMIDT’S TREATMENT, MINUS THE IODIDE OF POTASSIUM. By W. E. A. Wyman, V.S., M. D. V., Portland, Mich. The writer always had serious doubts about the correctness of a diagnosis ‘‘ parturient paresis’? in cows which calved six days or more previous to the setting in of milk fever. Never- theless, the writer’s equilibrium in regard to this orthodox point of view was seriously interfered with on July 16th. The sub- ject was a Holstein four-year-old, which calved on the 2d day of January, 1902, supposed to be with calf since February, 1902. This animal had been bought six weeks ago by its pres- ent owner, and being in poor flesh was grained heavily. She was apparently in good health on the 15th and down and un- conscious on the 16th A. M. The writer, who was called at this time, found her in a semi-comatose condition. ‘Temperature 98° F., respirations 8 per minute, surface temperature unevenly divided, she being icy cold along the spine; tonic spasms of the muscles of the neck, head drawn toward the right shoulder ; pulse 62 per minute, irregular and small; visible mucous mem- branes icteric. Pregnant, calf alive. Food and water beyond criticism, except the quantity of nitrogenous food, which had been excessive. The owner called it milk-fever,—the writer followed suit willingly, not because he believed it to be an honest case of parturient paresis, but simply because the owner was agreeable, it being a case where the better part of valor was silence. The animal was given 1 gr. of strychnia sulphatis hypodermically and two quarts of boiled water were injected into the udder. It will be noticed that no potassium iodide was used. The writer does not employ iodide of potassium in the treatment of parturient paresis for quite some time. ‘The first time when the writer injected a milk-fever bag without the K. I., it was a case of necessity, not of choice, simply because I did not have the K. I. with me. ‘This cow was up and doing well on the following morning. This opened the writer’s eyes a little. ‘The next cow also got up all right without K. I. in the injection. In fact, almost all cows with parturient paresis will get up after one to three injections of either purely boiled water, saline solutions or my favorite saline solution plus one- fourth per cent. of carbolic acid and one-fourth per cent. of glycerine added. After this deviation from the case under dis- REPORTS OF CASES. SYaLL cussion, which at the same time upsets the Danish (that is Dr. Schmidt-Colding’s) theory as to the cause of the disease and the specific nature of the treatment, let us return to our case. As previously stated, the cow was seen in the morning of the 16th and up and eating that afternoon about 5 P.M. Now, did that cow have parturient paresis (I cannot see where the parturient part comes in), or a disease which closely resembles it? A theoretical discussion of the etiology, potassium iodide treatment versus saline infusions, etc., will appear elsewhere. COMPLICATED FRACTURE OF THE INFERIOR MAXILLARY BONE. By A. W. BAKER, V. S., Brasher Falls, St. Lawrence County, N. Y. In looking over the REVIEW I often see articles on the dif- ferent fractures treated by veterinarians, but I never have seen one of a nature, so peculiar to itself, as one that came to my personal observation a short time ago in practice. It was a complicated fracture of the superior extremity of the mandible, about two centimetres below the condyle and coronoid process. The jaw was turned to one side at an angle of about forty degrees. The patient was a valuable gray mare, weighing about 1300 pounds, and owned by W. W. Phelps, having caught her head 552 REPORTS OF CASES. in a cow stanchel, and, being of an ugly nature, put up a fierce struggle to remove her head, and produced the above injury. She at once had to be thrown to proceed with an examination, which when properly secured I found the foregoing to be the case and had my doubts as to my doing anything of any partic- ular benefit to the animal. The owner, however, insisted on my trying, so I at once proceeded to straighten the jaw to its proper position. Modus Operandi.—Having got some cotton, bandages and shingles (the only thing available), and, with my assistants, I placed them in the proper position and bandaged them there, to keep the Jaws straight and from lateral movement. Fora few days the swelling increased rapidly, and I thought perhaps tracheotomy would have to be performed in order to insure freedom in breathing, but gradually the swelling began to go down, and in fourteen days I changed the bandages and splints, allowing a slight increase in movement of the jaws, and in twenty-one days more I removed them entirely, with a very sat- isfactory result. She had lost considerable flesh, having been fed on gruel for so long a time, but otherwise she had recovered with no land- marks of any kind that could be observed, and she is now val- ued at as much as before. To me, a practitioner of forty years, I have never seen a fracture in such a location and of such a nature. I find that the best results are obtained when the splints are practically fitted to the injured parts, even though in a crude form or shape. THE British Government is conducting extensive experi- ments in South Africa with a view to discovering some means of immunizing horses against the attack of the tsetse fly, the bite of which has so far proved fatal to all animals but man and the ass. It is thought that the process of immunization may be accomplished by the treatment of infoal mares shortly be- fore parturition with the attenuated virus obtained from mak- ing cultures from the poison as exuded by the tsetse fly.— (Breeder's Gazette.) MoRE TO THE PURPOSE.—One of our contemporaries con- tains a testimonial from a physician in favor of a certain pro- ptietary laxative. The physician states that he is much pleased with its action, and adds: “I use it freely. It certainly fills a long-felt want.” He should add, ‘‘and empties a long-filled bowel.” —( Medical Journal.) REVIEW OF BIOLOGY. 553 REVIEW OF BIOLOGY. TOXONES OF TUBERCULIN [.S. Arloing and A. Ducos|.— Erlich has recognized, in diphtheric toxine, two direct products of the bacillus of Loeffler, having different properties ; those products were toxines and toxones. The first, having specific morbigenous properties, produce an acute intoxication and are able to neutralize a mathematic quantity of antitoxine. The second give rise to later or slower accidents of diphtheric intox- ication ; they have their special character. The authors have inquired whether substances analogous to toxones could not be discovered in tuberculin, and have concluded from their re- searches as follows:(1) Upon healthy subjects, the immediate action of tuberculin can be suppresssed by addition to the tuberculin of a given dose of antituberculous serum; (2) The neutralizing action of this serum is principally marked upon the local effects and less on the general. Animals that survive lose flesh in great quantity ; (3) The toxicity remaining in the mix- ture can be attributed to the toxones of tuberculin ; (4) To isolate the toxones of tuberculin, two or three times the serum antituberculous must be added to it ; (5) The proportion of the mixture will vary according to the toxicity of the tuberculin and the quality of the serum ; (6) A too high dose of serum will add to it its contingent of toxicity.—(.Soc. de Prolog.) ACHONDROPLASY AND MyxazpEMA [P. Ledlanc|.—Achon- droplasy is that disease which gives to calves the peculiar physi- ognomy called bull-dog calves, turtle calves. All the long bones at birth possess a consistency analogous to that of adult animals, which seem to indicate that periostic ossification has not been altered. Cartilages of conjugation are wanting. Besides, achondroplasy of calves is often accompanied with myxcedema and pathydermic cachexia. ‘These coincidences will make one suppose that achondroplasy may be of thyroid origin.—(.Soc. de Biolog.) SCLEROSTOMES OF EguINEs [A. Razllet and A. Henry}. —Recent researches, and particularly those of Looss in Egypt, have increased the number of sclerostomes that live in the digestive canal of equines. Looss has found, besides, three gen- ders in those nematods. ‘The researches of the authors have shown that those new genders (Cylzcostomum, Triodontoporus and Gyalocephalus), have, as the gender Sc/erostomum, numer- ous representatives in equines of our region. .Sc/erostomum has 554 REVIEW OF BIOLOGY. three species, which, when adult, are found in the caecum and large colon of horses: (1) Sc/. eguinum, somewhat common with young forms in parenchymas; (2) Sc/. edentatum, in some organs with immature forms; (3) .Sc/. vlgare, the most common of the three, found in verminous aneurisms, mesenteric glands, and sub-mucous nodules of the caeecum.—(,Soc. de Biolog.) VIRULENCY OF THE BLOOD IN OVINE VARIOLA [F. /. Bosg|.—The experiments of the author have shown him that in ovine variola the blood of the pre-eruptive period is virulent. After cutaneous inoculation, the blood is resorbed, an indura- tion is left, which spreads and gives rise to the formation of a tumor with eruption, strictly localized to its surface; this pre- cedes the generalized eruption by a few days. The blood of variolous animals, taken during the evupécve period, is virulent to the same extent as that of the pre-eruptive. Inoculation of the blood, in sufficient quantity, gives rise to a fatal variola, which develops as if it was pure infection, but with characters which appear in proportion with the small number of the para- sites in the blood, at least with subcutaneous inoculation; that is, to the point of view of local tumor, localized eruption.— (Soc. de Biolog.) A TALE WITH A MorRAL.—Some doctors were talking the other day, says a New York paper, about the case of the West- ern woman who was indignant to find that her vermiform ap- pendix had been removed when she hadn’t expected it. One of them told this story: A man was struck by a car on Broadway. He was removed to a hospital in an insensible condition. After a cursory examinatian a surgeon said: ‘‘ We had better operate at once forappendicitis.” The patient was stripped in order that he might be prepared for the ordeal, and this legend was found tattooed on his chest: ‘in case of accident don’t operate for ap- pendicitis. It has been removed twice already.” Then they concluded that he was only suffering from shock. VETERINARIANS OF NEW YORK STATE: Dr. Kelly’s paper, “ Enforcement of Our Veterinary Laws,” opens up the subject of quackery in that State and how to wipe it out. Every qualified man should be at the meeting of the State Society on the 9th and roth inst., and assist in devising ways and means for its accomplishment. A few energetic prosecu- tions will put the whole band to flight. Besides a very attrac- tive programme is announced in another section of this num- ber of the REviEw.—(‘“ Society Meetings.”’) CORRESPONDENCE. 555 CORRESPONDENCE. SOME SUGGESTIONS AS TO VETERINARY POLICIES. CHICAGO, ILL., June 14, Igo2. Editors and Readers of the American Veterinary Review : J For an indefinite period I should like to see each month a page of the REVIEW devoted to brief articles by veterinarians, discussing the illustrations employed, the comparisons made, the typical examples shown, the arguments presented, the fables related, the language used, the replies to usual questions, how much of the technical and scientific side to impart, and all in all the various means and methods the members of our profes- sion have found the most proficient and successful in convinc- ing the farmer, stockman, dairyman, packer and consumer and the laity at large, of the extreme virulence and importance of the various animal diseases, tuberculosis in particular; to gain their cooperation in stamping out the diseases, and to overcome their prejudices against the immediate financial loss to them that might result in employing some of the very radical means we find and will find necessary to carry out in order to effectu- ally and eventually stamp out the disease. To prove the ulti- mate gain will outweigh the immediate loss. What will ap- peal most forcibly to them to do their part in this great work. The campaign against tuberculosis must primarily be one of the education of the people, and whose duty is it to do this but the veterinarian’s? For out of the people come the legisla- tors and intelligent legislation, coupled with the public opinion that would naturally and necessarily follow such an education, are the main factors in the promotion of national, state, and municipal sanitary advancement. It is true that some men have a knack of persuading indi- viduals into believing things that are false, let alone what is true ; while others cannot sometimes convince another of what is absolutely certain and proved. The latte: appeal to the former to come to their rescue. Such a solicitation of articles would bring forth a multitude of thoughts and ideas, some, perhaps, simple, yet powerful and never before thought of. Some suggestions will prompt others, and there will be set up an endless chain of psychoses, each helping each other and the selection of the best of these and their various combinations may bring about great results that 556 CORRESPONDENCE. will give animal and mankind magnanimous benefit. And be- lieve me to be, sincerely, BURTON R. ROGERS, D. V. M. A VETERINARY TRIP TO THE PHILIPPINES. PLAZA HOTEL, ASBURY PARK, N. J., August 16th, 1902. Editors American Veterinary Review : DEAR SiRS:—Knowing you to be interested in the veteri- nary profession in the United States Army, I will briefly record a trip to the Philippines, some experiences there, and return. I sailed from San Francisco on Aug. 22d, I990, with 722 head of stock, and on the journey to Kobe, Japan, lost about 15 cases of pleuritis and pneumonia. My horses had come up from Arizona, and as I sailed the northern route the horses upon the upper two decks were exposed to the cold winds. I unloaded at Kobe, Japan, and, after resting the horses for eight days, proceeded through the Inland Sea and China Sea to Ma- nila, P. I. At Manila we received orders to proceed to Pasa- cao, on the Gulf of Ragai, and unload one squadron, the 2d Squadron to be unloaded at Legaspi. At Pasacao I had to jump the horses overboard and swim them (two ata time) about one and one-half miles to the beach. I received telegraphic orders to leave the transport Strathgyle myself Nov. 8th, and proceed with the first squadron to head- quarters at Nueva Cacéres, P. I. Dr. Welch, my assistant, pro- ceeded on with the 2d Squadron to Legaspi. The trip from Pasacao to Nueva Cacéres was without inci- dent worthy of mention. During the eight months I was stationed at Nueva Cacéres I was guite busy, having three corrals to look after. During the first rainy season I had about 300 cases of ery- thema and cutaneous quittor, but had to operate on only five cases of cartilaginous quittor. I had 9 cases of tetanus, of which 5 recovered. I found go per cent. of the native horses glandered, and kept them as much as possible from contact with the U. S. horses. In February, 1901, I was ordered to proceed to Iriga and the posts in that sub-district to inspect and report upon the condi- tion of the horses there. I found but two cases of glanders, which, upon my recommendation, were promptly destroyed. In June, 1901, I was ordered to San José de Lagonoy. On my arrival there, Dr. F. F. Johnson, Post Veterinarian, reported eight cases of glanders. I inspected the animals and agreed in the diagnosis. I then malleined all the horses at that post and CORRESPONDENCE. TNT five adjoining posts and the result was 80 cases. ‘The Com- manding Officer of the regiment refused to believe the disease was glanders and ordered me to treat the animals. I explained the danger to him and promptly started a letter of protest to the Adjutant-General, U. S. A., through military channels. Shortly after, I received orders to shoot the glandered animals, and the incident closed. In September, I was ordered to the 3d Squadron at Legaspi, to look for glanders. While crossing the Gulf of Lagonoy on a launch, the captain in trying to find a new passage between two islands, grounded the launch on a coral reef and we had to wait seven hours for the tide to rise. In the 3d Squadron I found but four cases of glanders, but during October and No- vember I found many cases of surra, about which the B. A. I. has recently published very edifying bulletins. During the first week in December, I took to my bed with amcebic dysentery, and was sent to Manila for treatment. As it was a case of leave the country or die, I was sent tothe U.S. A. General Hospital at Presidio, San Francisco, arriving there May 24th, 1902. After a month there, I was granted leave of absence, and am now here trying to recuperate (but at the end of the week wiil return to Pine Meadow, Conn. S. GLASSON, Vet. rst Class, oth U, S. Cav’y. A HEALTHY SIGN OF THE TIMES—INCIDENTALLY A TRIBUTE TO A VETERINARY SCHOOL THAT IS COMING TO THE FRONT. CHICAGO, ILL., June 14, 1902. Editors American Veterinary Review : DEAR SIRs :—It was indeed a pleasure to read the following clipping from a paper of recent date regarding the commence- ment exercises of the Iowa State College, one of the foremost industrial and agricultural institutions of the country, showing what a prominent place veterinary education is taking : 3 sixty-seven degrees were conferred last night by Dr. Beardshear as follows :—In general and domestic science, ten ; civil engineering, six ; electrical engineering, six ; agriculture, nine; VETERINARY MEDICINE, EIGHTEEN; mining engineer- ing, one ; mechanical engineering, six ; science, eight ;” More than twenty-five per cent. of the total number gradu- ated! An unprecedented record is established. With the ex- ception of mining engineering, it is the youngest course in the school and had for a long time been considered as only a minor department. It is interesting to note in this connection that it 558 CORRESPONDENCE. is true, notwithstanding the fact that the members of this class were subjected to much higher entrance matriculations than any class heretofore, and that the graduation requirements were raised considerably and the curriculum and the work between was increased, made more thorough both practically and theo- retically, and hence much more difficult. One who has had any experience with Dr. John J. Repp, knows that he is one of the professors in this institution who, in the terms of the popular vernacular of the general student body, ‘‘ caxnot be worked.” The student receives only what he merits, and unless he reaches a definite standard, and it is not a low one, cannot pass. The financial resources from tuition are 2z#z/ and not considered, not being relative to the success of the department. The doctor is to be commended in this regard. The perusal of such a pol- icy shows plainly the greater proficiency in the end attained by the graduate, and later the veterinarian, who will be one among the many who ate judged by the people at large and to the par- ticular community to which he may go as a representative of the veterinary profession, happily changing the unfortunate previous view, perhaps caused by a lone eccentric ‘‘ Quack,” and to whom veterinarian in these modern times or at any time is decidedly a misnomer. BURTON R. ROGERS, D. V. M. Bureau Animal Industry. VETERINARY POSITIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES.—The United States Civil Service Commission announces that on September 30, 1902, an examination will be held at the places mentioned in the accompanying list for the position of expert in animal industry, in the Philippine Service, at a salary of $2,500 per annum. Applicants should be graduates of veterinary colleges, and have a good knowledge of animal breeding and husbandry. Knowledge of the Spanish language will also receive considera- tion in selection for appointment. Age limit, 18 years or over. From the eligibles resulting from this examination it is ex- pected that certification will be made to the position of expert in animal industry, in the Philippine Service, at a salary of $2,500 per annum, and to other similar vacancies as they may occur in that service. Persons who desire to enter this exam- ination should at once apply to the United States Civil Service Commission, Washington, D. C., for application Forms 304 and 375, which should be properly executed, including the medical certificate in Form 304, and filed with the Commission at the earliest practicable date. fan SOCIETY MEETINGS, 559 SOCIETY MEETINGS. PASSAIC COUNTY VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSO- CIATION. The regular monthly meeting was called to order by Presi- - dent William Herbert Lowe at 8.30 P. M., August I1, 1902, when Dr. David Machan was chosen Secretary pro tem. The following members answered to their names on roll-call: Drs. William J. Reagan, David Machan, Harry J. Berry, William H. H. Doty, William C. Ferguson, T. J. Cooper, M. A. Pierce, John H. Degraw, William H. Lowe, Jr., William Herbert Lowe, Paterson; J. Payne Lowe, R. O. Hasbrouck, Passaic ; George W. Pope, Athenia; William J. Fredericks, Delawanna. A telegram was read from Dr. William C. Berry, of Bloom- ingdale, expressing his inability to be present. The minutes of the last meeting were read and approved. The President called forthe report of the Committee on By- Laws and Code of Ethics. Drs. Ferguson and Reagan, of the committee, reported that the By-Laws and Code were in course of preparation, but not yet completed, when, upon a motion made by Dr. Hasbrouch, the adoption of the same was laid over until the next meeting. Dr. J. Payne Lowe, chairman of the Committee on Schedule of Fees, presented a carefully prepared report, signed by all members of the committee (Drs. J. Payne Lowe, William J. Fredericks and John H. Degraw), which upon motion of Dr. Rea- gan was fully discussed, and schedule, amended, adopted by a unanimous vote as amended, and the schedule was ordered print- ed, and a copy furnished each member, all members agreeing to govern themselves by the said schedule. The report and schedule as finally adopted is as follows : REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON SCHEDULE OF FEES. Mr. President and Gentlemen : The circumstances under which veterinary services are ren- dered vary greatly, and while we have made up and will sub- mit a schedule of rates to be charged, we believe practitioners should use discretionary power in charging. Some men can command larger fees than others; men of reputation and expe- rience more than young veterinarians. We. should adopt no radical tariff of fees that will make us or our services unpopulai with the public, or that will have a tendency to cause them to do without our services and to resort to empirical measures. 560 SOCIETY MEETINGS. Our services are sought for asa rule for commercial reasons. We not infrequently treat very valuable animals. Asa rule, however, most of us are called upon to save the life of a $200 horse ; to restore to usefulness a $75 lame horse ; to assist a $50 or $60 cow at the time of parturition. True, quite a few ani- mals are treated where this does not obtain. ‘The family horse, on account of his docile qualities, is often treated to an extent not in keeping with his market value, or occasionally it’s an old animal that has been pensioned off until of necessity he is hu- manely destroyed. Or, again, in canine practice, it is often a matter of sentiment, so you see in practice it is not what we should receive for some fancy operation skillfully performed, but we must keep within practical bounds: in other words, the value of the animal treated must be considered. In cases cover- ing a long period of time or terminating unfavorably it is not only fair, but it is policy some times to make concessions. The volume of work we do for a client should modify the fees ; or, again, poor people should be charged leniently or in extreme cases not charged, while those able to. pay should be charged the full fee. Your committee does not believe that there is any member of the Passaic County Veterinary Medical Association who would lower his dignity or undermine his brother practitioner by un- der-charging for his professional services, and the schedule of fees we have made up is merely as a guide to fellow-members, as to what we believe to be proper charges, and we respectfully submit it for your consideration. SCHEDULE OF FEES, General Practice. Single visit in the city, $2. Ordinary visits within the city, $1 to $2. Ordinary visits outside the limits of the city, $2.50 and mileage. Mileage at the rate per mile (according to the number of miles) 25 to 50 cents. Advice given each additional animal at same visit, 50 cents to $1 extra. Visits after'9 Pp. M., or before 7 A. M., or in haste, or in extraordinary circumstances, to be charged double. Remaining in attendance all night, $10 and upwards. Detention in addition to visit, per hour, $1 to $2. Surgical Practice. Ordinarily, visits the same as general practice, or double if surgical dressings, etc., are applied. Minor operations, $1 and upwards. Dressing abrasions, sores, etc., $1 and upwards. Suturing and dressing wounds (trifling in character), $2 and upwards. SOCIETY MEETINGS. d61 Blisters applied, $2 and upwards. Insertion setons, $2 to $3. Phlebotomy (jugular), $2 to $3. Major operations, $5 and $10 and upwards. Suturing and dressing wounds (serious in character), $5 and upwards. Plantar (high or low), $10 per foot and upwards. Neurectomies , Median, $15 per foot and upwards. Tibio-peroneal, $15 to $25. Operations for the removal of champignon, $10 and upwards. Amputation of the penis, $10 and upwards. Tracheotomy, $5 and upwards. Use of the actual cautery, $5 and upwards. Fractures (setting of fractured limbs, etc.), $2 and upwards. Castration of the male— ‘ Single horse (normal) $ro. Two horses = $15. ites. a $20. oui se: Ce $25 Cryptorchid, $25. Bull, Geto, Sr. Dogs and goats, $ 2 and upwards. at $ 1 and upwards. _ Pigs (single), $ 1 and upwards. Each additional pig, 50 cents. Ovariotomy— Mare, $25. Cow, $10. Bitch or Cat, $5. Sow, $3. Each additional animal, $1. Obstetrical Practice— Delivering foetus, dystokia cases, by natural passages, mare $10; cow, $5; smaller animals, $2 and upwards. Ceesarian Operation—Mare or cow, $10 and upwards; smaller animals, $5. Embryotomy—Mare or cow, $10 and upwards. Removal Placenta—Mare or cow, $3 and upwards. Replacing Everted Uterus—Mare $5 and upwards; Cow, $3 and up- wards. Uterine Douches—$2. Dental Operations. Filing molar teeth (under ordinary circumstances)—One horse, $2; two horses, $4. In large stables after the first two horses, $1 per head. Cutting elongated molars, $3 to $5. Cutting incisors, $3. Extraction wolf teeth, 50 cents each. Extraction temporary incisors, $2, Extraction molars, $5 and upwards. Trephining sinuses, $1o and upwards. Miscellaneous. Consultation in all cases, $5 and up. Examination of horses for soundness, $5 each. 562 SOCIETY MEETINGS. Post-Mortem examinations, $5 each. Chemical, microscopical and bacteriological examination of urine, milk, etc., $5 and upwards. Chemical analysis in cases of poisoning, $5 and upwards. Opinion as an expert, $5 and upwards. Professional certificates, $2 and upwards. Assistant surgeon is entitled to a fee equal to one-half of that charged by the surgeon. Office Practice. Advice, $1. Advice by letter or telephone, $1 and upwards. Medicines. Liniments, lotions, solutions, mixtures, etc., 50 cents to $1. Ointments, 50 cents to $r. Powders, per package, 50 cents to $1. (ae PAYNE LOWE, Chairman. Signed by the Committee, ~ WILLIAM J. FREDERICKS, | Jou H. DEGRAW. On motion by Dr. Hasbrouck, seconded by Dr. Pierce, the date of the regular monthly meetings was changed from the sec- ond Monday evening of the month to the first Tuesday even- ing of each month, except in the month of September, when the regular meeting shall be held on the third Tuesday evening. President Lowe stated that the AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW, in the August number, had given three pages of its space to a report of the organization and the proceedings of the Passaic County Veterinary Medical Association, and an editorial that would make every veterinarian in Passaic county feel proud that he belonged to the local organization. The President called the attention of the members to the fact that the State Association had at its last meeting appointed a Minneapolis party committee of which Dr. T. E. Smith, 309 Barrow Street, Jersey City, is chairman, and that the County Association should be represented at the meeting of the Ameri- can Veterinary Medical Association at Minneapolis, and that any meinber, or members, that could go were invited to join the patty going from this State on Saturday, August 30th. Dr. Cooper asked the President to represent the local organization, and upon his motion Dr. Lowe was elected the official delegate to the Minneapolis meeting. It was also the sense of the meeting that the County Associ- ation should be represented at the forthcoming annual meeting of the New York State Veterinary Medical Society, to be held in Brooklyn, September 9th and roth. Dr. Pierce moved that SOCIETY MEETINGS. 553 the Chair appoint delegates to the said meeting. The Chair stated that he would appoint as such delegates such members as expected to be able to attend the meeting. After conference the Chair appointed delegates as follows: Dr. J. Payne Lowe, Dr. William H. Lowe, and Dr. William C. Ferguson. The President requested practitioners who have students - with them to advise them that the State Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners, under the law, would only recognize diplo- mas from colleges with a curriculum of at least three years. On motion, meeting adjourned. DAvID MACHAN, Secretary pro tem. CONNECTICUT VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSO- CIATION. The semi-annual meeting was held at Hotel Hartford, in Hartford, Tuesday, August 5, 1902. The President, Dr. A. Hyde, being absent, the meeting was called to order by Second Vice-President Dr. Harrison Whit- ney, at 3 o’clock. Seven of the 39 members responded to roll- call, as follows: Drs. L. B. Judson, of Winsted; P. F. Finne- gan, of Hartford; E. C. Ross, of New Haven; C. R. Witte, of New Britain; Harrison Whitney, of New Haven; Geo. H. Parkinson, of Middletown, and B. K. Dow, of Willimantic. Visitors :—Drs. G. W. Loveland, of Torrington, and Fred F. Bushnell, of Winsted. Also reporters of the Hartford 7zmes and Courant. The minutes of the last meeting were read and approved. It was voted to order 25 certificates of membership for the As- sociation, and that the Secretary procure the same. It was voted to lay Article IV of the By-laws on the table until the annual meeting. The report of the Treasurer showed a bal- ance of $24. Dr. Fred F. Bushnell, of Winsted, and Dr. G. W. Loveland, of Torrington, presented their names for membership in the Association. Their names were referred to the Board of Cen- sors for their action. The President, Dr. Andrew Hyde, formerly of Norwich, now employed in the United States Bureau of Animal Industry and located at Sioux City, Iowa, presented his resignation as President of the Association, which was accepted. It was voted to hold the annual meeting of the Association at Hotel Hartford, in Hartford, the first Tuesday in February, 1903, at 3 o’clock. 564 SOCIETY MEETINGS, Dr. Ross suggested that the President select three subjects for discussion at the next meeting. The President selected the following cases: (1) ‘ Canine Distemper,” (2) ‘ Azoturia,” (3) ‘“‘ Scrotal Hernia.” The matter of papers to be read at next meeting was left with the Secretary. After discussing several interesting cases and talking over various matters pertaining to the profession, the meeting ad- journed. B. K. Dow, V. S., Secretary. NEW YORK STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL SO- CIETY. TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING, WILSON BUILDING, PIERREPONT STREET, NEAR FULTON STREET, BROOKLYN, N. Y., SEP- TEMBER QTH AND IOTH, 1902. Officers, 1901-1903.—President—James Law, Ithaca; Vice- President—James I. Robertson, New York City ; Secretary- Treasurer—Wnm. Henry Kelly, Albany. Censors.—Charles Cowie (Chairman), E. B. Ackerman, Harry Sutterby, H. D. Gill, E. B. Ingalls. Committees.—Executive—-James Law, (Chairman), James I,. Robertson, George H. Berns, Wm. Henry Kelly, Charles Cowie. Legislative—Wm. Henry Kelly (Chairman), James Law, C. D. Morris, Arthur O’Shea, Roscoe R. Bell. By-Laws —Geo. H. Berns (Chairman), J. W. Corrogan, Wm. Henry Kelly, ex officio. Arrangements—Roscoe R. Bell (Chairman , Geo. H. Berns, James IL. Robertson, E. B. Ackerman, Wm. Henry Kelly, ex officio. The session will be held in the Wilson Building, Pierrepont Street, near Fulton Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. on September goth and toth, 1902, and will convene on Tuesday, Sept. 9th, at 10 A. M., when an address of welcome will be extended to the asso- ciation on behalf of the City of New York, by Hon. Richard Young, Commissioner of Parks, Boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, which will be responded to by President Law. After the business of the society has been disposed of there will be the following : PRESENTATION OF PAPERS. ‘Veterinary Dentistry,” by Dr. Robert W. Ellis. “ Retained Placenta,” by Dr. W. L. Williams. “The Etiology of Shoe-Boil,” by Dr. Geo. J. Goubeaud. SOCIETY MEETINGS. 565 “Syrup as a Food for Horses,” by Dr. Geo. H. Berns. (Title to be announced later), by Dr. G. S. Hopkins. (Title to be announced later), by Dr. Pierre A. Fish. “Interstitial Hepatitis in Swine,” by Dr. Veranus A. Moore. “Diagnosis of Anthrax,” by Dr. Veranus A. Moore. “Veterinary Dentistry,” by Dr. T. S. Childs. ‘“The Enforcement of Our Veterinary Laws,” by Dr. Wm. Henry Kelly. Other papers will probably be reported to the Secretary be- fore the day of meeting. Adjournment at 1p. M. for lunch. Afternoon session re- convenes at 2 P. M. Adjournment at 6 Pp. M. for dinner. Evening session at 8 Pp. M. On Wednesday, roth, at 8 a. M., the Society will meet at the Infirmary of Dr. George H. Berns, 74 Adams Street, to en- gage in the SURGICAL CLINIC. Ovariotomy in the Mare. Ovariotomy in the Bitch, median line and flank. Extirpation of the Membrana Nictitans from the Horse. Radical Operation for Toe-Crack. Radical Operation for Quarter-Crack. Removal of Lateral Cartilage. Arytenectomy. Tibio-Peroneal Neurectomy. Plantar Neurectomy, standing. Peroneal Tenotomy. Opthalmoscopical Demonstrations. New Method for Suturing Shoe-Boil after Extirpation. Demonstration of the Use of Stocks. Fixation of the Knee for Dropped Elbow. Operations on the Tail. Dental Operations. Median Neurectomy. Castration of the Stallion, standing. Castration of Cryptorchid (Ridgling). New Operation for Poll-Evil. Demonstrations of Casting, and many others, if time will permit. The operators who have agreed to be on hand are Drs. Geo. H. Berns, Charles E. Clayton, W. L. Williams, E. B. Acker- man, Geo. G. Van Mater, Charles S. Atchison, C. E. Shaw, H. 566 NEWS AND ITEMS. D. Gill, William F. Doyle, Elishu Hanshew, Joseph R. Hodg- son, R. W: McCully, Robert W. Ellis, J.. HE. Ryder Ro Waters. The Clinic will continue until 3 Pp. M., when trolley cars will be at the door to convey members and guests to Coney Island, where a shore dinner will be tendered by the New York City members. A light lunch will be served at 12 noon. The headquarters will be the Hotel Clarendon, Fulton, Til- lary and Washington Streets. NEWS AND ITEMS. Dr. WALTER LINCOLN BELL (McGill, ’98), of Brooklyn, N. Y., was married July 7 to Mrs. Evelyn Van Giesen, also of Brooklyn. THE unveiling of Pasteur’s statue took place on August 3 at his birthplace, Dole, Jura. The occasion was celebrated with extensive decorations and laudatory orations. Dr. JOHN W. CORRIGAN, of Batavia, N. Y. (N. Y.5S. V. C.), was in New York the first half of August, taking the New York Board of Health’s anti-rabic treatment, he having been bitten in the nose by a supposed rabid dog. Dr. W. lL. WILLIAMS, professor of surgery at the New York State Veterinary College, has been on the ‘“‘complaining list ” during the summer, and consequently will not be able to attend the Minneapolis meeting. He will, however, be on hand at Brooklyn, prepared for anything that may come his way. THE international automobile race from Paris to Vienna, a distance of 871 miles, had 137 starters, 78 of which managed to complete the course. An ambulance followed the vehicles, and it was estimated by the Paris correspondent of the New York Tribune that the event was ‘as disastrous to life and limb as a military battle.” Dr. SAMUEL GLasson, U. S. Army, recently returned from the Philippines, on sick leave, visited the REVIEW office during August. He reported that while ex route from Manila to the San Francisco hospital, he was handsomely entertained at Honolulu by Dr. W. T. Monsarrat. An interesting account of the doctor’s experiences in the orient is to be found in this number of the REVIEW. WILLIAM M. BEARDSHEAR, A. M., LL.D., President of the Iowa State Agricultural College at Ames, died the early part of August and the State of Iowa lost one of its most prominent NEWS AND ITEMS. 567 and useful men. During the eleven years of his administration the college increased more than three-fold in number of stu- dents and teaching force. In equipment it has grown from a few poor buildings to its present large proportions, and the re- cent legislative appropriations will place it among the best in the country. In the past few years he has brought the veteri-. nary department to a prominent position among educational institutions, and his loss will be greatly felt by his fellow- workers, and the cause of industrial education has lost one of its great leaders. THE FINAL OVERTHROW OF KOCH’s THEORY RESPECTING THE NON-COMMUNICABILITY OF BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS TO HuMAN BEINGS.—Koch’s labored effort to prove that bovine tuberculosis cannot be communicated to human beings was practically wholly based upon the experiments from which he claimed to have demonstrated that human tuberculosis could not be communicated to animals of the bovine species. As has been so often pointed out, the facts which he presented were not conclusive, if proved; for it might easily be possible that bovine tuberculosis could be communicated to human beings even though human tuberculosis could not be communicated to calves ; but Arloing, a recognized authority, has come forward (Bulletin de ? Académie de Médecine, and Presse Médicale) with a carefully studied series of observations which show conclus- ively that human tuberculosis may be communicated to vari- ous species of lower animals. In his experiments, he produced tuberculosis in twenty-three animals, all of which were pro- nounced by Koch to be non-tubercularizable by infection from human beings. Of these animals, there were three calves, six sheep, ten goats, and three donkeys. Arloing further shows by careful analysis of the observations of Koch, that seven out of thirty-four animals inoculated by him with human virus were actually infected. Every sanitarian will be glad to welcome this thoroughgoing exposure of Koch’s most ill-advised and mischievous announcement.—(Modern Medicine.) NEW AND OLD HAy AND OatTs.—Several correspondents have of late inquired why it is that veterinarians and successful horsemen generally advocate the use of old oats and hay for horses at this time of the year. One inquirer, for instance, states that ‘“‘it is well known that there is more nourishment in new oats and new hay than iu old,” and that it seems to him “the sheerest folly not to take advantage of that fact.’ We are not so certain that it is a fact after all. Indeed we are inclined to 568 NEWS AND ITEMS. think that the statement quoted is not true. In any case, taking up the hay first, there are thousands of the eggs of insects and parasites still alive on the stems and leaves of new hay that when taken into the stomach of the horse develop and cause trouble of many sorts. Then new hay just made must go through a variety of sweating or fermenting processes, and surely no one will maintain in the face of what is generally known that such changes in food composition can be good for the digestion of any animal. In the case of new oats the sweat- ing process cuts a most important figure, and the amount of water that is in the grain when new carries no nutriment with it at all. The sweating and subsequent drying of grain takes from it much that is injurious to the equine stomach, and what is more, the food substances in all grain are in a more highly concentrated form owing to the absence of water. Many of the most valuable horses on earth never get a bite either of new hay or oats, and among those are the horses that are required to race, to make their supremest efforts week after week. With regard to other grains, such as rye and barley and wheat, barley alone can be considered as at all a desirable horse food. Rye and wheat have been fed with a measure of success, more espec- ially the latter, as exploited in this journal by Prof. Henry and others, but they are dangerous for the novice to try. Some rye is better than no grain at all for horses, it is true, but it will prove costly provender if it is not fed with the utmost caution in its new state. ‘Too much caution can hardly be exercised in changing from the old to the new crop, and in the case of both hay and oats it is always well to make the transition as gradual as possible by mixing the old with the new and gradually in- creasing the proportions of the new from time to time until the horses have become thoroughly accustomed to it.—(Breeder’s Gazette.) THE PENALTY OF NEGLECTING VETERINARY MEDICINE.— We have often urged upon our readers the precept that it was not wise for practitioners of medicine to fail to inform them- selves to some extent in comparative pathology. What comes of such neglect ? Ignorance of the connection between disease in the lower animals and disease in man, ignorance even of the existence among human beings of certain malignant diseases of domestic animals. ‘The veterinarians properly insist upon the importance of their work from the point of view of the public health, but seldom so cogently as was recently done by W. H. Dalrymple, M.R.C.V.S., of the Louisiana State University, in a NEWS AND ITEMS. 569 paper entitled, ‘‘ The Value of Cooperation in the Sanitary Con- trol of Our Periodic Epizootics of Anthrax,” read before the Louisiana State Medical Society in June, and published in the August number of the Vew Orleans Medical and Surgical Jour- nal. Those of us—and we are not a few—who have seen occa- sional cases of malignant pustule in the human subject do not | need to be told that Surgeon-General Sternberg was in error when he stated in his “‘ Text-Book of Bacteriology ” that anthrax did not prevail in the United States, unless, indeed, he used the word “ prevail’? in a sense that would suggest an ever-present pestilence ; but few of us probably are aware of the amount of devastation wrought by the disease in Louisiana and Missis- sippi. A striking picture of the facts is given by Professor Dal- rymple, and his recommendations for restricting ourbreaks are such as must commend themselves to those who reflect upon the situation. But it is not to these features of his very inter- esting communication that we shall now direct attention, but to the eloquent plea that he makes for comparative pathology as a subject of thought with the medical profession in general. He says he knows of country practitioners who have turned their veterinary knowledge to account in times of anthrax epizodtics by informing the people of their danger and inculcating such sanitary precautions as the complete destruction of the carcasses of animals that have succumbed to the disease and the practice of thorough disinfection ; and the results have been brilliant. “But,” he adds, “I have heard of others who, on being asked for information, because the victim of anthrax happened to be a mule or a cow, explained with an air of wounded dignity, ‘ ’m no mule or cow doctor, and don’t know anything about it!’” The dignity that needs to be so safeguarded must, we should say, be made of very unsubstantial stuff. The result of sucha reply, says the author, has often been that some illiterate per- son, without any sanitary knowledge whatever, has been called in, and the contagion been permitted to spread broadcast. It - does not, he aptly says, indicate the spirit of the true pathologist to disclaim all interest in the diseases of the lower animals, for he ‘“‘ looks upon disease as such, and does not consider the sub- ject that accidentally has become the victim of it.” And he is quite justified in deprecating forgetfulness of the fact that ‘ the magnificent strides medical science has taken and the exalted pinnacle to which it has attained in recent years”? have been largely owing to the efforts of the veterinarians.—(Vew York Medical Journal, Aug. 9.) PUBLISHERS’ DEPARTMENT. Subscription price, $3 per annum, invariably in advance; foreign countries, $3.60; students while attending college, J2, single copies, 25 cents. Rejected manuscripts will not be returned unless postage is forwarded. Subscribers are earnestly requested to notify the Business Manager immediately upon changing thetr address. Alex. Eger, 34 East Van Buren St., Chicago, [ll., Veterinary Publisher and dealer in Veterinary Instruments, Books, and Drugs, ts the authorized agent for the REVIEW in Chicago and the Middle West, and will receive subscriptions and advertisements ai publishers’ rates. THROUGH this department we may speak to our readers of their friends the advertisers. We occasionally remind them of what necessary friends the advertisers are. How they are continually placing at their disposal materials to make practice easier, and life more pleasant. How the book publisher is continually placing before them, at a great expendi- ture of time and money, books up to date on all subjects of interest to them ; that for mere money, they may obtain in concise form what has cost the compiler and the man of research hundreds of hours of brain- racking work. How the chemists are continually delving into the natural products of the earth, and finding for us new drugs, new anti- septics, etc., and placing them at our disposal through our advertising pages; and, finally, how the mechanical mind, by devising apparatus of restraint to lessen work, and remove the operator from danger by vio- lence of his patient, instruments for the better performance of opera- tions (major and minor), and that invaluable aid in research work, the microscope, has added its quota to the many and various essentials of the practitioner. By reminding you of these things we hope to induce you to appreciate the efforts of those whose advertisements appear from month to month in the REVIEW, as your appreciation will lead you to encourage them, and your encouragement will act as a stimulus for them to continue their efforts to your mutual benefit. Can any of us ever possibly appreciate how everything is thought of and placed in our hands to work with, and what we could possibly do without them? We think not. And yet how severely we criticise each new thing that is offered us to help us to do our work the more easily and scientifically. How apt we are to suspect that we are going to be ‘‘taken in’’ by what the Vermont farmer would call ‘‘contraptions to dodge work.’’ Con- servatism is good; but along with that, we would have REVIEW readers feel that confidence in our advertisers that follows an introduc- tion from a responsible source ; for we do not accept everyone who ap- plies to us for advertising space in the REVIEw, but only those that we consider legitimate. We would have our readers regard the REVIEW . in this respect, as a directory, to which they may turn for anything they may require. It is to be found in our advertising department. PRACTICES FOR SALE. FoR SALE—PRACTICE, in a city of 10,000, the county seat of one of the best coun- ties of OHIO, One other graduate in city. Best of crushed stone roads all over county. Practice well established and gaining. Price, $150.00 cash, Address ‘‘ Cash,” care of AMERICAN VETFRINARY REVIEW, 509 W. 152d St., New York. For SALE—VETERINARY PRACTICE in the city of CH1caGo, Established 17 years. Party wishing to leave city. Address ‘‘ Chicago,” care of AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW, 509 W. 152d St., New York, ca i AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW. OCTOBER, 1902. All communications for publication or in reference thereto should be addressed to Prof. Roscoe R. Bell, Seventh Ave. & Union St., Borough of Brooklyn, New York City. EDITORIAL. EUROPEAN CHRONICLES. INTRAVENOUS INJECTIONS OF ANTI-RABIC VIRUS.—AImost ever since the discovery and the application of the treatment of Pasteur against hydrophobia, researches have been made to shorten the length of the treatment and to find a method more intense, so as to avoid the rare failures which occur now and then, failures which, leaving aside the cases where the immunity fails to appear on account of individual peculiarities, are ex- plained by the slowness with which a refractory condition de- velops in the organism; twenty days of treatment are required for immunity to appear and more than fifteen are necessary for the effects of the successive inoculations to be produced. If be- fore that time the rabid virus reaches the central nervous sys- tem, the treatment fails. To accelerate the process of immunization is then of the utmost importance. Among the attempts which were made to realize this object, intravascular injections have been tried. Is the introduction of virus into the blood harmless? Pas- teur, at first, observed that injection in the blood gave rabies just as well as intracranial inoculation. But later he found that if introduced in very small quantity the virus produced no disease, but failed also in granting any immunizing power. 571 572 EDITORIAL. Galtier has also shown that the inoculation of saliva from rabid animals into the veins of the sheep and horse does not develop rabies, but that it neither seems to confer immu- nity. Roux and Nocard by numerous experiments have confirmed the observations of their predecessors, and yet, they have demon- strated that the intravenous injection of pure rabid virus, made in horses, cattle or sheep, twenty-four hours after the intra-oc- ular inoculation of a virulent cord, is sufficient to prevent the development of rabies. Many have been the researches which have been made, and in the Aznales de ? Institut Pasteur 1 find a report of a long series of experiments made in that direction by Dr. V. Krasmit- ski, of the Bacteriological Institute of Kiew, which seems to have allowed the question to go a few steps forward, and which after all may bring on the practical result so desired. From the experiments of the Professor it is proved (1) that ‘‘intravenous injections of rabid virus are not dangerous under the conditions that the virus be in a filtrated and diluted emul- sion, heated at 37° and introduced very slowly. If these con- ditions are carried out, possibility of embolies are avoided, and no harm will follow the injections; (2) by intravenous injec- tions animals are made refractory to rabies more rapidly, and a more solid immunity is obtained than by the other modes of vaccination—in the rabbit, even after intracranial inoculation, it has protected him and prevented the development of the dis- ease ;(3) rabid nervous substance, made not virulent by any attenuating agent, has no immunizing action ; scarcely may it exercise a vaccinating power in rendering the organism less sensible to the following introduction of a reénforced virus.” As an evidence of at least the harmless effects of intravenous injections, Dr. Krasmitski relates the fact that during last year in 70 cases of persons bitten by rabid dogs and of excessive se- verity, this treatment was tried at the Institute of Kief, that they have been followed by no complications, and that the re- sults were very encouraging. EDITORIAL. Die It must not be supposed, however, that only bacteriologists can solve the question. It is certain that much can be suggest- ed by such experiments as the above, but the practical veteri- narian is on his side also searching. The first practical application was that which has been . made and recorded by a veterinarian, Mr. Moncet, who reported in the Revue Vétérinaire the history of three cows which had been bitten by a mad dog. Two of the cows received in the veins, ninety-four and seventy-nine hours after being bitten, five cubic centimeters of an emulsion made with the bulb of the dog that had bitten them ; the third cow, which was only suspected, re- ceived the treatment only one hundred and eighteen hours after receiving the bites. The three animals remained healthy and did not contract the disease. Successful in these three animals, this treatment failed with Mr. Rabieaux, who resorted to it in a donkey. Since, new attempts have been made by another veterinarian, Mr. Conte. With him, however, the results are different. ; Disbursements. Expenses 1900-1901. Postage and express incurred by resident secre- taries: i: 75-07 Bills of publication, resolution and pharmaceuti- cal committees... 19.41 Lechtam Printing Co... i tyce A). SE TOG AG Bill of Treasurer, postage and printing Sigg 9.24 Bill of President, sundries . . eres 6.05 Postage and sundries by Secretary... 26.05 Salary of Secretary . . 300.00 Expenses Ig0I-02. Use of stereopticon .. . AG ffO 20.00 Floral emblem, Dr. Huidekoper ar liscqne 20.00 Blank certificates of membership. . 57-50 Publication of proceedings :— SIEMIEVNICT ce hs ee fe cee PL 27.05 Extra typewriting. .. Pape hE TOuSO Printing, binding and mailing. . ger (fuel s5OM5 2 iu 732-67 Printing and distributing stationery for President, Secretary and resident secretaries... .. 97-75 Secretary’s Expenses :— EOStATE .. . |. 2p a et SOO Issuing certificates to new ; members. Sat gee e49 Engrossing obituary resolutions. . .. 7.00 Puincdauaitemic:! 311). Sik ire Lesa 2.3 YOV99 58.48 Treasurer’s bond . ay. 10.00 Treasurer’s bill, stationery ‘and postage Ae ways 3.50 Total . : bye Cash in the hands of the eerearer ste 576.83 Cash in the hands of the Secretary .. . 636.02 Bills outstanding, estimated . $1,436.00 542.27 1,212.85 600, 00 “It will be noted that the porated) on fine arrangements for the Atlantic City meeting did not accept the customary allowance of $50.00 for banquet purposes. “In closing this report I wish to acknowledge the universal 672 SOCIETY MEETINGS, assistance given me by the resident secretaries and the growing interest manifested by these officers in spreading the influence of the A. V. M. A. The relation with all officers and members has been most cordial throughout the year. ‘“‘ Very respectfully submitted, S. STEWART, Secretary.” STATE SECRETARIES’ REPORTS. The State Secretaries did not generally make reports, but there were many notable exceptions. Those present who read reports were Dr. J. C. Norton, for Arizona; Dr. J. I. Gibson, for Iowa; Dr. J. S. Butler, for Minnesota; Pr. C. J. Marshall, for Pennsylvania; Dr. T. EK. Robinson, for Rhode Island ; and Dr. G. R. White for Tennessee. Other State Secretaries who sent in reports, which were read by title and will be published in the “ Proceedings,” were Dr. J. G. Hill, for Florida; Dr. Benj. D. Pierce, for Massachusetts; Dr. T. E. Smith, for New Jersey ; Dr. F. E. Anderson, for Ohio; Dr. Benj. McInnes, for South Carolina; Dr. S. B. Nelson, for Washington, and Dr. L. N. Reefer, for West Virginia. The report for Pennsylvania by Secretary C. J. Marshall was especially interesting, and is given herewith in full : “The veterinary profession of Pennsylvania is made up of about 1700 registered men ; nearly 300 of this number are col- lege graduates. About 1000 names on our registration list were placed there improperly and have ceased to have any identity with our profession. We are fairly well organized and working in harmony on all legislative and professional subjects. There is one State organization composed of about 200 working mem- bers, which represents all sections of the commonwealth. There are also several energetic local societies. The State Association reached its twenty-first birthday last year. It attained its ma- jority with a rich inheritance of perseverance and integrity from its founders, who are still guarding its interests, as only thoughtful and loving parents can do. In the A. V. M. A. we find enrolled 27 members from Pennsylvania. Of the 300 men eligible we hopé soon to see a much larger per cent. belonging to the National Association. “The Keystone Veterinary Medical Association meets in Philadelphia the first Tuesday evening of each month. At present it is trying to devise a plan for the improvement of the milk supply to our hospitals and public institutions. A circu- lar letter was sent out last winter to the different stewards or managers, and it was found that very little attention was being SOCIETY MEETINGS. 673 paid to the inspection of milk, the system of handling it or the cleanliness of the herds and dairies supplying it. “The State Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners has been established seven years: In.this short time it has demon- strated its usefulness. The records show each year that the young men presenting themselves for the examinations are much more thoroughly prepared for their work, and that better educated and more scholarly young men are entering our pro- fession. This Board is trying at present to get an Act passed by the Legislature whereby a re-registration will be made necessary. This appears to be the only plan by which the registration lists can be freed from the names of many persons who have no connection with our profession. This Board has secured convictions against three illegal practitioners, and has three more cases in the courts at present. Most of the complaints brought before the Board are adjusted peaceably. The Sec- retary attends personally and promptly to all complaints, and has the faculty of bringing about a settlement, usually with- out legal assistance. His term of office expired last year, and the Governor recognized his usefulness by reappointing him, which action met with the unqualified approval of the eptire profession. “The State Live Stock Sanitary Board of Pennsylvania was organized in 1895. Its thorough organization was brought about largely through the efforts of our State Veterinarian, whose tact, scientific skill and indomitable perseverance have made it the ad- miration of our profession. We wish that every State in the Union had a similar Board equally as well organized and work- ing as harmoniously for the good of our live stock interests. The little opposition to the Board for the first few years has gradually subsided, until at present very little criticism is heard from any source. At present the Board is trying to devise plans whereby cattle reacting to the tuberculin test and showing no visible signs of disease, can be utilized with less loss to the owner and State than is necessary under the present regulations. It has under observation a good sized herd of reacting animals and is studying the sanitary precautions necessary to handle such a herd and also the best way to dispose of its products. “The Laboratory of the S.L.S.S.B. is one of the most com- plete of its kind. All of the tuberculin, mallein, and most of the vaccines used in the State are manufactured in this labora- tory and distributed among our profession free of charge. This alone represents a sum of money which would cost the State 674 SOCIETY MEETINGS. quite as much as it does to run the laboratory, yet its principal value is for research and diagnostic purposes. In the lines of research work a method is being tested for immunizing cattle against tuberculosis by a process of vaccination with attenuated cultures. For diagnostic purposes the laboratory has become a necessity. Special shipping boxes are deposited with veterina- rians in different sections of the State with directions for pack- ing and shipping specimens. ‘These specimens are examined pathologically and bacteriologically if necessary. In case of infectious diseases, the result of the examination is returned promptly to the shipper with instructions and the necessary ma- terial for handling the outbreak. In the past year very few cases of glanders have been observed. ‘This disease may be said to be extinct in Pennsylvania and only occurs here and there as it is brought in from other States. Altogether there are about a dozen cases a year. A few cases of anthrax and some rabies have been reported. The rapid diagnosis of rabies as practiced in the laboratory, consisting in an examination of the cervical ganglion, economizes a great deal of valuable time in cases of suspected rabies. ‘The instructions for obtaining specimens, and the directions for handling contagious diseases sent to the veterinarians by the State Board and the Laboratory, have been equivalent to a post graduate course for all who have had to deal with such cases. It has stimulated the desire among our profession to read more, and become more familiar with the most modern ideas. — Its in- fluence has done much to unify our profession and make it more highly respected. “There are many factors at work for creating a greater de- mand for more and better domestic animals. This benefits our profession indirectly. Where valuable animals are kept, skill- ful veterinarians are required. Among these factors the most notable are horse shows, dog shows, fat stock shows, the numer- ous pet stock shows at county fairs. Each in its turn stimu- lates the desire to breed animals true to some certain type. The demand was never better for a first-class specimen of any class or type. In the last few years many wealthy gentlemen have. become interested in show competitions and fabulous prices are paid for animals that possess qualities suitable to become show animals. ‘There has been a marked increase in the demand for saddle horses. The bicycle has been relegated to oblivion, and horse- back riding has become much more popular. Horse shows have increased the value of all fashionable classes of SOCIETY MEETINGS. 675 horses. ‘These shows have been a source of education to those interested in the equine species. “In the matter of meat and milk inspection very little has been done in the past year. ‘The Federal meat inspectors are doing good work in Philadelphia, and we hope that the time is not far distant when we can have some system of meat inspec- tion for cities of the first and second class especially that will do as thorough work in the inspection of local dressed meat for home consumption as is practiced at present by the Federal in- spectors. ‘“ A very satisfactory system of milk inspection is carried on in Philadelphia under the direction of the Pediatric Society. This society will recommend milk from any dairy that will conform to its requirements. The society employs a veterina- rian, bacteriologist and a chemist to make inspections at certain intervals, at the expense of the dairymen. The veterinarian is to be satisfied with the health of the cows, with the cleanliness of the herd, stable assistants, milking utensils, general sanitary conditions, feed, etc., and that the interest and precautions nec- essary for producing clean milk are exercised faithfully and constantly. The tuberculin test is to be used at the discretion of the veterinarian. ‘The bacteriologist examines the milk at least once each month. The bacteria must not exceed I0,000 per c.c. “The chemist must be satisfied with the natural constit- uents of milk and that no artificial preservatives are added to it. ‘At present there are five dairies producing milk for the Philadelphia market under these conditions. We hope in time that there will be milk enough produced under these or similar rigid conditions, to supply all persons who appreciate the neces- sity of using clean milk. Milk produced in this manner, must of necessity bring a few cents more per quart than milk pro- duced and handled in a careless manner. People recognize dif- ferent qualities of clothing, meats, vegetables, cigars, liquors, etc.; why should they not also recognize and appreciate the different qualities of milk, and be willing to pay for the extra pains necessarily involved for obtaining it clean and whole- some? The beneficial effects of the dairies producing milk under the direction of the Pediatric Society are observed by other dairymen, and a decided improvement is noticed on the farms in close proximity to such dairies. The same interest produced in horses by horse shows, and in dogs by dog shows, can also be produced in dairies by model dairies. It should be our duty to 676 SOCIETY MEETINGS. encourage such undertakings in every way possible. It has been said of dairies producing milk under such careful condi- tions that they are short lived; that the enthusiasm is soon lost and that business drifts back into the same old rut. This has not been observed in respect to the work done for the Pediatric Society. Certified milk has been produced and sold in Phila- delphia for the past five years, and the demand is increasing. ‘The Veterinary Department of the University of Pennsyl- vania is at present located in temporary quarters. The old buildings were razed last year to make room for a medical and veterinary laboratory. The plans for the new building are about completed. The construction is expected to begin soon. It is to be located on one of the principal streets near the Uni- versity, on a site that will be much more desirable than where it formerly stood. The plans are for one of the most complete and unique buildings of its kind in any English-speaking country. ; ‘““Three members of our profession have died in the last year. Dr. W. T. Miller, of Apollo, Pa., one of the old members of the A. V. M. A., died June 18th, 1902. He was a graduate of the American Veterinary College, class of 1887. Dr. James Beatty, a native of Pennsylvania, graduated from the Veterinary Department of the University of Pennsylvania in 1897. He was employed three years prior to his death as a Federal meat inspector and was located in Philadelphia at the time of his death. His loss is keenly felt by his many friends, who es- teemed and respected him for his loyalty, integrity, persever- ance and professional skill. Dr. Rush Shippen Huidekoper, whose death I also have the sad duty to report, was one of the greatest builders of the veterinary medical profession in Amer- ica. His death is a national loss, and is most keenly felt in his native State by those who knew him best. The honor of doing his memory justice at this meeting has fallen on one of his most faithful friends and fellow workers. Suffice it to say that his sentiments are the sentiments of the entire profession.” On Wednesday morning, Sept. 5th, the convention met at 9.30, with the President in the chair, and a very large attend- ance of members and visitors. The Executive Committee’s report was presented and acted upon in accordance with its recommendations. ELECTION OF OFFICERS. The convention then proceeded to the election of officers for the ensuing year. During the preceding evening there had SOCIETY MEETINGS. 677 been considerable electioneering and discussion of candidates, there being three names. prominently mentioned for the office of President and as many more for that of Secretary. By the time the meeting opened, however, the atmosphere had cleared very much, and it was not hard to guess the outcome of the elections. : For President, Dr. Pearson, in placing in nomination Dr. M. E. Knowles, of Montana, paid a splendid tribute to his worth and services to the cause of veterinary science and his eminent fitness for the position. Dr. Hoskins placed the name of Dr. S. Stewart before the convention, saying that no eulogy was neces- sary in the case of this nominee, since his great work in behalf of the Association and the science were known to all present. Dr. Norton seconded his nomination. Dr. W. J. Martin, of Il- linois, placed Dr. A. H. Baker’s name before the convention for _ President, and it was seconded by Drs. Quitman and Leech. Dr. Knowles refused to allow his name to be used for the office, as he considered both of the other candidates more entitled to the position. President Winchester appointed as tellers Drs. Ackerman - and Marshall, and they proceeded to distribute and collect the ballots of the members. Ninety-eight ballots were cast, of which Dr. Stewart received 68; Dr. Baker 29, and one was blank. Dr. Baker moved that Dr. Stewart’s election be made unanimous, which was carried. To elect five Vice-Presidents (seniority to be determined, by the number of votes received by each), eight gentlemen were placed in nomination, as follows: Dr. E. M. Ranck, of Pennsyl- vania; Dr. M. H. Reynolds, of Minnesota; Dr. J. G. Ruther- ford, of Canada; Dr. E. B. Ackerman, of New York; Dr. G. W. Dunphy, of Michigan ; Dr. W. H. Dalrymple, of Louisiana ; and Dr. W. T. Monsarrat, of Hawaii. ‘The result was that the following were elected: Rutherford (78), Dalrymple (69), Ranck (58), Reynolds (57), Knowles (57). For Secretary, Dr. S. Brenton nominated Dr. Tait Butler, of North Carolina, seconded by Drs. Kelly and Reynolds. Dr. Knowles nominated Dr. John J. Repp, of Iowa, seconded by Drs. Merillat, Stewart, Moore, Robertson, and Gibson. Dr. Wm. J. Martin, of Illinois, was placed in nomination by Dr. Quitman. ‘The result of the ballotting showed Dr. Repp to be elected by a plurality of 16. When the office of Treasurer was reached some one made a motion that nominations be closed, even before there was one 678 SOCIETY MEETINGS. made, for it has become so usual for the present incumbent to be kept in office by closing off nominations after his name has been presented that we presume the member did so in a me- chanical manner. He was only premature, for as soon as half a dozen nominated Dr. Wm. Herbert Lowe, the nominations closed and he was elected by acclamation. So that the officers of the A. V. M. A. for 1902-03 are as follows : President—S. Stewart, of Missouri. Vice-Presidents—J. G. Rutherford, of Canada. —W. H. Dalrymple, of Louisiana. —E. M. Ranck, of Pennsylvania. —M. H. Reynolds, of Minnesota. —E. M. Knowles, of Montana. Secretary—John J. Repp, of Iowa. Treasurer—Wm. Herbert Lowe, of New Jersey. PAPERS PRESENTED. Dr. A. H. Baker, of Chicago, IIl., read a paper entitled ‘“The Pathogenesis of Equine Pneumonic Emphysema,” which opened up a new line of thought in connection with this somewhat common disease of the soliped.. Dr. Bell believed that the causes assigned by the essayist were not primary, but aggrava- tions of a pulmonic nerve paresis. In the November REVIEW the paper will be printed in full. Dr. Repp, of Ames, presented a somewhat lengthy and very minute description of the recently described disease which he has named “‘ External Ulcerative Ano-Vulvitis of Cattle,” which was so exhaustive that he had to omit much of the minutiz. Happily the REVIEW was enabled to secure a copy of Dr. Repp’s paper, and it will be found elsewhere in this number. Dr. W. C. Rayen, of Nashville, Tenn., made a strong plea for the stock-raisers of his State in his paper ‘‘ Texas Fever and Its Relations to the Live Stock Interests of Tennessee,’? which was discussed by Drs. Salmon, Tait Butler, White, and Dalrym- ple. ‘““Equisetum Arvense” was the subject of a very explicit paper by Dr. F. A. Rich, of Burlington, Vt., anda novel feature was the distribution to each auditor of a bulletin of the Vermont Experiment Station on the subject of the poisonous plant de- scribed, together with a specimen of the plant, which is com- monly known as “ horse-tail,”” and which is extensively distrib- uted throughout thecountry. By invitation Dr. Wilcox, expert SOCIETY MEETINGS. 679 in poisonous plants for the Bureau of Animal Industry, who has spent much of his time in Montana and other Western States in such researches, gave an extremely interesting description of the action of this plant among domestic animals, together with efforts at treating animals poisoned by it with permanganate of potash. This brought forth a confession from Dr. Pearson that he had also tried similar treatment in the disease which he has described as ‘‘ Forage Poisoning,” it being what is familiarly known as so-called ‘“ cerebro-spinal meningitis.” It will be remembered that Dr. Pearson has taken ensilage from a farm where this disease was prevalent, and by feeding it to healthy horses at the hospital of the Veterinary Department of the University of Pennsylvania produced the identical symptoms. He stated that while some improvements in the symptoms were produced by the use of the permanganate he did not have sufficient data to make a definite statement as to its therapeutic effects. “The Organization of State Veterinary Work,” by Dr. © Leonard Pearson, was not presented in its allotted place, but when ready for presentation so little time was left that he did not attempt to read his long report; but gave an extremely val- uable talk upon the subject, giving dates and figures with an accurateness that denoted great familiarity with the subject. His paper was turned over to the Publication Committee, and will be printed in full in the ‘ Proceedings.” Dr. J. C. Norton, of Phoenix, Arizona, State Veterinarian, showed the “Results of Strict Sanitary Regulations in Ari- zona,” and proved to all the great benefits that may be secured by states which enact and enforce wise measures along these lines. The thorough manner in which the papers were discussed necessitated an evening session on Wednesday, and the mem-» bers sat without leaving their chairs until 11 o’clock, taking the deepest interest in all that transpired. “ Hzmorrhagic Septiczemia in Cattle,’ was the subject of Dr. S. D. Brimhall’s paper, and a very thorough one it was, for every aspect of the new disease was gone over, particularly its bacteriological side. Dr. Peters, of Nebraska, discussed it from the standpoint of its similarity to what has been so often de- scribed as ‘‘corn-stalk disease,’ and he and the essayist ex- changed views upon this point. Dr. L. B. Wilson, bacteriolo- gist of the Minnesota State Board of Health, was called for, and detailed in a very clear manner his work with the disease, de- 680 SOCIETY MEETINGS. scribed from a bacteriological standpoint, while Dr. Westbrook, professor of pathology at the Minnesota State University, con- tributed much valuable information on the subject in a patho- logical sense. ‘Poisonous Stock Foods,” a well prepared and splendidly read thesis by Dr. N. S. Mayo, of Manhattan, Kansas, brought out some very lively discussion. Dr. Peters at once took the floor in defence of many plants which were placed in the sus- picious column by the essayist; Dr. Butler came to the rescue of cotton-seed meal; Dr. Dalrymple was eloquent and statistical on the subject of balanced rations, while questions were plied from many quarters; the essayist in answering them, showed himself in possession of a wide and complete knowledge of the whole subject The discussion only ceased when the President shut off the debate through lack of time. Dr. Charles Schmitt, of Dodgeville, Wis., had a very prac- tical paper on “ Barrenness in Bovines,” which was likewise a provoker of lively discussion, in which Drs. Rutherford, Ryder, Mayo, Abele, Lyman, and others took part. This paper is printed in the present number of the REVIEW. The reading of papers was continued on Thursday morning. “Malarial Fever in the Horse,” proved an extremely valu- able paper by Dr. F. Torrance, of Winnipeg, Manitoba. He and Dr. Bell, of Canada, have been carrying on extensive investiga- tions as to its cause, examining blood and tissues; but, while much has been learned of “‘swamp fever,” no definite micro- Organism has been isolated. Dr. Rutherford added some strong points in his argument, and Dr. Olof Schwarzkopf, fresh from the Philippines, spoke of the close relationship between the dis- ease described and ‘“surra,’ only that if it were identical he failed to understand how the investigators could have over- looked the large parasite in the blood. He promised to write upon the subject when he got settled in his new station in Montana. ‘‘ Differential Diagnosis between Farcy, Furunculus, and Bursatee ’’? was Dr. Lyford’s title, and he followed up his points at the clinic by presenting patients affected with each disease. “The Legitimate Field of the A. V. M. A.” was the subject of a paper by Dr. Roscoe R. Bell, of New York, but instead of reading it the author made a statement that his efforts were di- rected toward defending the rights of the practitioner in the Association, which had been assailed in public print, with the idea of throwing out of the annual meetings clinics and practi- SOCIETY MEETINGS. 681 cal papers. It was very late, and but little time remained for the presentation of papers, and as the Association had shown by resolution and by the applause of speakers who took the same view as the essayist that it would brook no such conten- tion, so that no good purpose could be served by consuming the ~ time of the meeting in considering a subject already decided. The author therefore turned his paper over to the Publication Committee. The literary programme was brought to a close by the pre- sentation by Dr. W. Horace Hoskins of a eulogy of his late friend, Dr. Rush Shippen Huidekoper. Other papers which were not read on account of the absence of their authors, most of which will be published in the “ Pro- ceedings,”’ are as follows : “The Veterinary Profession, Past, Present and Future,” by Dr. D. McEachran, of Canada; ‘‘ The Relation of Veterinary Science to the Medical Profession,” by Dr. D. King Smith, of Canada ; ‘‘ The Hospital Management of Dogs,” by Dr. Chas. Ellis, of Missouri; ‘‘ Sidebones,” by Dr. J. S. Anderson, of Ne- braska; ‘“‘Ictero-hzematuria of Sheep,” by Dr. M. E. Knowles, of Montana; ‘“‘ The Care and Comfort of Domestic Animals under Varying Circumstances,” by Dr. E. A. A. Grange, of New York ; ‘‘ Equine Periodic Ophthalmia,” by Dr. M. Jacob, Kinox- ville, Tenn. ; ‘‘ So-called Contagious Ophthalmia of Cattle,” by T. D. Hinebauch, of North Dakota; ‘A TTumor-like Lesion in the Lung of a Horse Caused by a Blastomyces,” by Dr Lang- don Frothingham, of Massachusetts. NEW MEMBERS ELECTED. The following applications for membership were reported on favorably by the Executive Committee at its various sessions, and were duly elected to membership: GA. Clinton, M. D.C. (C. V.-C.; ’94),: Laurens, Iowa ; re- instatement. M. C. Baker, D. V. S. (McGill, ’79), Montreal, Can.; vouch- er, Chas. H. Higgins. Fred. Forbes Bushnell, D. V. M. (N. Y. S. V. C., ’02), Win- sted, Conn. ; voucher, Thos. Bland. Robert E. Cochrane, M. D. V. (McKillip V. C., ’00), Milwau- kee, Wis. ; voucher, R. H. Harrison. S. A. Core, V. S.(O. V. C., ’92), Brandon, Manitoba, Can. ; vouchers, W. J. Hinman and F. Torrance. i, eM. Creamer, V. S. (O..V. C:; 987), Portland, Oregon’; voucher, Wm. McLean. 682 SOCIETY MEETINGS. J. W. Dunham, V. S. (O. V. C., ’94), Fargo, N. D.; vouch- ers, W. F. Crewe and T. D. Hinebauch. J. H; Gain, M.D. CG. (C. V..C.), Lincoln, Neb. ; voucher eas Taszeters: Otto;:Faust;.D. V:,S. (A.,V..C., 788), Poughkeepsie, N; Vi5 voucher, Wm. Henry Kelly. Juno. .C. Hargrave,. D. V. S:..(McGill, °95), Medicuse Tar N. W. 1., (Can.= voucher, Chas. H.: Higgins: Edward T. Harrington, (M. D. V.,’90), Boston, Mass. ; vouchers, B. D. Pierce and H. P: Rogers. W. C. Holden, V. S.(N., Y..C. V..S.,:°30),;Delphes, Olimar voucher, F. EK. Anderson. Geo. A. Knapp, V.,S. (N: Y. C. V. S., 95); Millbrook, NIV. voucher, Wm. H. Kelly. T. Lambrechts, M..D. V. (McKillip V. C., ’o01), Montevideo, Minn. ; vouchers, M. H. Reynolds and J. S. Butler. Morgan B. Lamb, D..V. M. (Ohio State Univ., ’or), Pull- man, Wash.; voucher, Sofus B. Nelson. K. La, Pointe, D. V..S. (Montreal,:’85), Le, Sueuer, Manny; voucher, J. S. Butler. | H.C. Lyon, 'V..S::.(O;;,V. G.; ?9r), Hiitehinson;s Manas: voucher, J. S. Butler. D. M. McDonald, D. V.S.,’91), Brainerd, Minn.; voucher, je S. Butler Geo. McGillivray, -V. S. (O. V. C., ’85), Spring Valley, Minn. ;: voucher, J.-S. Butler. HE. -Makins, Jr.,.D. V. S..(K. C.,-V. C.,?00); Abilemekcamees voucher, N. S. Mayo. A. W. Miller,, D.-V. S., CK, C.-V.. C.,)’01,),: Se. O malas voucher, S. Stewart. B. O. Minge, M. D. V. (McKillip V..C., ’or),) Memphis; Tenn.-; voucher, G. R. White. H. L. Moore, D. V. S. (Vet. Dep. Col. Univ., 798), Brook= ings, S. D.; vouchers, James Law and D. E. Salmon. Joseph W. Parker, D. V. S. (K. C. V.. CG.) \e0),) San Aegis Tex. ; voucher, S. Stewart. Adolph J. Pistor, D. V..$.. (CA. V. C., *98), Newark Neale vouchers, A. T. Peters and Jno. D, Sprague. Calvert Howard Playdon, M. D. V. (Harvard Univ., ’96), Reading, Mass. ; vouchers, B. D. Pierce and J. F. Winchester. F..A. Rich, V. S.,.M.-D. (QO. V:.C., '80)); Burlimie tonya vouchers, B. D. Pierce and J. F. Winchester. C. J. Rhodes, M. D.C. (C. V. C., ’94), Beloit, Wists vemetten CC. Lyiord: SOCIETY MEETINGS. 683 J. J. Riordan, D. V. S. (A. V.C., ’94), Beverly Farms, Mass. ; vouchers, A. J. Sheldon and F. H. Osgood. leew eithettord,) Veos.. (©. .V. -C., °76), Ottawa, ‘Canc: voucher, Chas. H. Higgins. fiooasnocott, MoD. G7 (C. V. C., ’93); Waverley, Minn:: vouchers, S. D. Brimhall and J. S. Butler. iN oneppard, M.D C. (C. V. C.,%93), Langdon, N. D.; vouchers, W. F. Crewe and T.. D. Hinebauch. fee pomith, M.D DV. M:, B.S. A. (lowa.'S: C., McK. V. C., ’99, ’00), Cando, N. D.; voucher, John J. Repp. U. S. Springer, V. S. (O. V. C. ’80), Grand Rapids, Mich. ; vouchers, S. Brenton and W. L. Williams. Bary be steele). V2-5.. CA) V.-C:, 93); Fort Sill, Or : voucher, Ray J. Stanclifte. feweieniteacy,, IM Ds C; (C2 -V.C..’94); Bismarck) Nr; vouchers, W. F. Crewe and T. D. Hinebauch. Arthur Trickett, (K.C. V. C., ’o01), Kansas City, Mo. ; vouch- ers, A. T’.. Peters and R. C. Moore. Harry W. Watson, V. M. D. (U. of P.,’o1), Haverhill, Mass. ; voucher, B. D. Pierce. A. lL. Wood, D. V. M. (Iowa S. C., ’02), Prairie City, Iowa ; vouchers, Jno. J. Repp and Carl W. Gay. J. N. Gould, D. V. M. (Iowa S. C., ’02), Fairmount, Minn. ; voucher, S. H. Ward. Eee jensen MDC. (C..V-.G., 'oo), Weeping Water, Neb: ; vouchers, A. T. Peters and J. F. Winchester. _ Samuel Burrows, V. M. D. (U. of Pa., ’02), Philadelphia, Pa. ; vouchers, S. J. J. Harger and C. J. Marshall. legit. Crawiord, M7 D:-V. (McK: V..C., °97), Harvard, Ill;; voucher, L. A. Merillat. iow eaxby, D. Vs. (C. V. C., 92), Villisca, Ia. vouchers, John J. Repp and W. A. Heck. Mees ettenderson, V- SCO. V..Cs 787), Carberry, ‘Mani: vouchers, W. J. Hinman and F. Torrance. C. J. Hinckley, V. S. (O. V. C., ’93), Odebolt, Iowa ; vouch- ers, John J. Repp and J. I. Gibson. F, A. Ilstrup, M. D. C. (C. V.C., ’93), Willmar, Minn; vouch- ers, J. N. Gould and S. H. Ward. G. Lawes, (C. V. C.,°’91), Dysart, Iowa; vouchers, A. H. Baker and J. N. Gould. W. A. McClanahan, D. V. M. (Iowa S. C., ’91), Redding, Iowa ; vouchers, John J. Repp and J. I. Gibson. Herbert F. Palmer, B. S., D. V. S. (Vet. Dept. Det. Col. of 684 SOCIETY MEETINGS. Med., ’94), Detroit, Mich.; vouchers, S. Brenton and Wm. Jop- ling. H. A. Presler, M.' D.C. (€. V. C., ’93), Fairbury, M1; vouelr ers, N. I. Stringer and A. H. Baker. Geo. A. Scott, V. S. (O. V. C., ’86), Independence, Iowa ; vouchers, Jno. J. Repp and J. I. Gibson. C. E. Stewart, M. D.C.(C. V.C., ’94), Chariton, lowa.; vouch- ers, Jno. J. Repp and G. M. Walrod. W. Swenerton, V. S. (O. V. C., ’94), Carberry Man.; vouch- ers, W. J. Hinman and F. Torrance. J. W. Beckwith, M. D.C. (C. V. C., ’02), Shullsburg, Wis.; voucher, R. H. Harrison. A: Bostram;.D/,V. S: (Iowa V. C., .°93); Minden; iNepa; vouchers, A. T. Peters and Jno. J. Repp. M. V. Byers;/D. V. S: (lowa V. C., ’94),, OseeolayeNiepa: vouchers, Jno. J. Repp and A. T. Peters. J. W. Cook, V.S., (O. V. C., ’82), Duluth, Minn. ; vouchers, S. D. Brimhall and C. C. Lyford. J. H. McLeod, D. V. S. (McGill, ’93), Charles City, lowa ; vouchers, J. I. Gibson and W. A. Heck. Peter Malcolm, V. S. (O. V. C., ’90), New Hampton, Iowa; vouchers, Jno. J. Repp and W. A. Heck. Richard Price, V. S. (Montreal V.C., 81), St. Paui, Minn. ; vouchers, B. D. Pierce and S. D. Brimhall. Ly. U: Shipley, D. V..S. (C. V. C.,."9n); .Sheldentiitawan, vouchers, J. N. Gould and Jno. J. Repp. Archibald A. Keys (Montreal V. C., ’85), Minneapolis, Minn. ; vouchers, Chas. E. Cotton and S. H. Ward. CHARGES DISMISSED. In the matter of charges of unprofessional conduct against -Dr. Charles EK. Cotton, of Minneapolis, Minn., which were lodged with the Executive Committee at the Atlantic City meeting, the accused appeared before the Executive body with a full statement, supported by documentary evidence; and, after a full hearing, the committee unanimously recommended that they be dismissed, which recommendation was adopted by the Association. The doctor, who has felt keenly the stigma placed upon his name, was heartily congratulated by his many friends. ren RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED. Tuberculosts. WHEREAS, In the repression of tuberculosis of cattle it is of the highest importance that the disease shall, so far as possi- SOCIETY MEETINGS. 685 ble, be confined to the localities already infested, and WHEREAS, Every hindrance to the shipment of tubercular cattle into the United States from one State to another, or from one farm or district to another, helps to confine the disease and to lessen the difficulties attending its final eradication ; be it Resolved, ‘That this association approves the establishment and maintenance of Federal and State laws and regulations to prevent the transfer of tubercular cattle from place to place, ex- cepting in quarantine. Clinics. WHEREAS, For several years it has been the custom to offer clinical demonstrations as a part of the programme of our annual meeting ; and, WHEREAS, It has become apparent that these clinics are a source of great interest and profit to a large number of the members ; therefore, be it Resolved, That we favor the continuance and yearly im- provement of this feature of our meetings by including other than surgical cases and the exhibition of pathological speci- mens, and if it be necessary in order to enable the local com- mittees of arrangement to better perfect these clinics and make them more worthy such a scientific body, it would be well for the association to render additional assistance by appropriating such a sum of money as may be necessary to accomplish the purpose. Texas Fever. WHEREAS, The Cotton States Association of Commissioners of Agriculture at their annual meeting held in the city of Nash- ville; Tenn., August 26th to 28th, 1902, passed a resolution pro- viding for the appointment of a committee of three veterinarians connected with the association to investigate the subject of Texas fever among cattle in the area now pronounced permanently in- fected with the disease, with the object of ascertaining what steps should be taken to render the territory free from infection, and also devise and recommend such measures as will result in the cooperation of the States affected, to the end that Texas fever may be permanently driven out of the infected district, and, WHEREAS, The above-named association has named as nem- bers of such investigating committee three honored members of the American Veterinary Medical Association—Drs. Carey, of Alabama; Butler, of North Carolina, and Dalrymple, of Louis- iana—gentlemen whose intimate acquaintance with the subject 686 SOCIETY MEETINGS. to be investigated is well known, and respected by us. There- fore, be it Resolved, ‘That we hereby congratulate the Cotton States Association of Commissioners of Agriculture upon the wisdom of their action and the country upon the prospects of an in- telligent solution of the great problems connected with this disease, which has and is producing suchfhardship and pe- cuniary loss to our Southern States. State Associations. Resolved, That it is the sense of this association that it is the duty of State veterinary medical associations to make their conditions for membership conform with those of this associa- tion. Intelligence and Education. Resolved, That the Committee on Intelligence and Educa- tion be instructed to investigate and report at the next meeting upon the organization and work of all American veterinary schools and State examining boards. Be it further Resolved, That members of the faculties of the various veterinary schools and the members of the State examining boards shall be communicated with and given an opportunity to submit written or oral statements upon the subjects under investigation. Local Committee of Arrangements. WHEREAS, The carefully-prepared programme of the local committee of arrangements and the constant and untiring labors of the members of that committee have contributed greatly to the pleasure and success of our meeting; and WHEREAS, The Commercial Club of Minneapolis has gen- erously assisted the local committee and, tendered the freedom of its rooms to the members of this association, and WHEREAS, The proprietors of the West Hotel have fur- nished rooms for our meetings, and extended many courtesies ; Therefore, be it Resolved, ‘That we express our appreciation of these many efforts to make this annual meeting a success, and that we tender our sincere thanks to all who have contributed to that end. Gavel. Resolved, That the thanks of the Association be extended to Dr. W. T. Monsarrat for the beautiful and {novel gavel which he presented at this meeting. SOCIETY MEETINGS. 687 Committee on Standard of Excellence and Soundness. Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to formu- late a standard of excellence and soundness for horses of various classes, and report at the next annual meeting of this Associa- tion. On the Death of Members. WHEREAS, It has pleased Almighty God to remove from our midst Dr. RuSH SHIPPEN HUIDEKOPER, of Philadelphia, on Deceniber 17, I901, one of our most esteemed and beloved members, one that had given the greater part of his energetic life to the building and uplifting of the veterinary profession on this continent, and the advancement of the best interests of this association ; we feel that through his death the veterinary profession has suffered an irreparable loss and our association one of its most active members. We not only deplore his death as a member of our association, but we mourn the loss of a true and tried social friend. Therefore, be it Resolved, That this association extends to his bereaved fam- ily the sincere sympathy of its members in their affliction ; and be it further Resolved, 'That these resolutions be entered on the records of this association, and a copy sent to his family. WHEREAS, It has pleased Almighty God to remove from our midst, during the past year, Dr. RoBERT J. SAUNDERS, of West Roxbury, Massachusetts, one of the original members of this association, a man self-sacrificing, conscientious and studious, enjoying the good will and respect of all who knew him ; there- fore be it Resolved, That this association sincerely regrets his loss, and extends to his family its sympathy in their affliction; and be it further Resolved, That these resolutions be entered on the records of this association, and a copy be sent to his family. WHEREAS, It has pleased Almighty God to remove from our midst during the past year Dr. THOMAS F. BARRON, of Balti- more, Maryland; therefore be it Resolved, That this association regrets his loss and extends to his family its sympathy in their bereavement, and be it further Resolved, 'That these resolutions be entered upon the records of this association and a copy be sent to his family. WHEREAS, It has pleased the Almighty to remove from our 688 SOCIETY MEETINGS. midst Dr. JOHN Faust, a valued member of our association, whose death occurred in the month of July, 1901 ; therefore be it Resolved, 'That this association greatly regrets his loss, and extends to his family its sympathy in their bereavement ; and be it further Resolved, That these resolutions be entered upon the records of this association and a copy be sent to his family. COMMITTEES FOR 1902-1903. President Stewart announces his committees as follows: Executive.—Tait Butler (Chairman), J. F. Winchester, H. L. Ramacciotti, F. Torrance, S. Brenton, W. Horace Hoskins, A. H. Baker, and the officers e-officio. Finance.—J. FE. Ryder (Chairman), B. McInnes, and F. Abele. Publication.—M. H. Reynolds (Chairman), Roscoe R. Bell, R. P. Lyman, C. J.. Marshall, and C. W. Gay. Intelligence and Education.—E. B. Ackerman (Chairman), A. T. Peters, W. J. Hinman, Paul Fischer, and E. M. Ranck. Diseases.—\,. Pearson (Chairman), V. A. Moore, S. D. Brimhall, L. Frothingham and R. R. Dinwiddie. Army Legislation.—Wm. Herbert Lowe (Chairman), Wim. Dougherty, Austin Peters, M. E. Knowles and Wm. H. Kelly. Resolutions.—D. E. Salmon (Chairman), G. A. Johnson, N. S. Mayo, G. R. White, and Alexander Burr. Pharmacopeia.—\, A. Merillat (Chairman), Roscoe R. Bell, D. King Smith, E. L. Quitman, J. J. Repp, E. M. Ranck, and H. D. Hanson. NOTES OF A. V. M. A. MEETING. Geographical lines were blotted out at Minneapolis. While at former conventions extreme points of attendance were count- ed by States, this year they were reckoned by countries. The extreme Northwest was represented by Dr. Loveberry, in charge of Bureau of Animal Industry cattle inspection at Seattle, Washington, who traveled 3000 miles in order to be present at the great veterinary gathering. From far-away Hawaii, in the Sandwich Islands, came the genial Dr. W. T. Monsarrat, who was as much at home among the members and their wives as though he was inspecting cattle for the Honolulu Board of Health on that sea island. Although he had traveled thous- ands of miles to carry out a dream of years, there was present one who had journeyed a greater distance, for Dr. Olof Schwarz- SOCIETY MEETINGS. 689 kopf, of the United States Army, landed at the convention fresh from the Philippines. Mrs. Schwarzkopf went up from Chicago on the “special” to meet her husband, and, while far from being well, maintained her courage with heroism until after the meet- ing with her long-absent consort, when her strength gave away, and all through the convention she was confined to her room. The farthest point South had a representative in Dr. Dalrymple, of Louisiana, while the intermediate Southern States sent Rayen and White, of Tennessee, and Butler, of North Carolina. The East sent delegates from its entire seaboard ; the West from Montana to Arizona, and the interior States filled the convention hall. The Dominion of Canada took a prominent position both in the representation of her profession and in the deliberations of the convention. Dr. J. G. Rutherford, Dominion Veterinarian, and Dr. Fred. Torrance, of Manitoba, were prominent speakers in the meeting and at the banquet, while other veterinarians from the ‘‘ frozen country” were scattered through the meet- ing. While many had expressed doubts as to the innovation in- troduced at this meeting in having the ladies attend the ban- quet, no such perplexity will confront another local committee of arrangements, for the story of the wonderful improvement in the evening’s pleasure will be told by all who were present at Spring Park. While only two numbers were assigned to the sixty or seventy ladies who sat at the long tables, they were so well and acceptably performed that at the next banquet a greater number of ladies will undoubtedly be asked to take part in the entertainment. The charming soprano voice of Mrs. S. D. Brimhall was a delight, and replaced some dull speeches at former banquets in a manner that pleased all: Mrs. A. H. Baker’s first effort at speech-making was a pronounced success, and while short, was long enough to give promise of a “real speech” at another meeting. Dr. J. G. Annand sang with a de- lightful tenor, responding to ezcores, and adding much to the pleasure of the evening. The trip from Minneapolis to Spring Park on Thursday will never be forgotten by those who were the guests of the local veterinarians. After a railroad ride of about ten miles, the guests (more than 200) boarded the steamer Puritan and a barge on Lake Minnetonka, and a more picturesque and beauti- ful sail could not possibly be secured. Everybody was in the happiest mood ; a band played dance music, while those of the guests who knew how tripped the “ light fantastic,” the others 690 SOCIETY MEETINGS. looking on, or gathered in groups at various points on the decks, admiring the splendid scenery and engaging in conver- sation. Dr. Annand was the official guide. As the boats passed up the lake, whose banks are studded by the expensive summer homes of influential Minnesotans, he called them by name with an exactuess which inspired confidence in his familiarity with the locality. While the lake is only about 30 miles long, the shore line is more than 300, so uneven are its borders, which present a perfect succession of inlets and projecting points, and while it constitutes a single sheet of water, it is so nearly divided into two lakes at one point as to leave room only for a small vessel to pass through the strait. As the “‘ narrows” were ap- proached the guide in that clear tenor voice which later de- lighted the banqueters, announced that the boats would soon pass into a second lake. A guest called back with the interro- gation, ‘“‘ What’s the difference?’ Without a moment’s hesita- tion the doctor said: ‘ You will observe the blue color of the water in this lake;” and everybody peered into the bottomless basin through which the boat was plowing. ‘ Well,” continued the silver-tongued Annand, ‘“‘ when we get into the next lake the water will be the same color.” An Eastern party consisting of Drs. J. Elmer Ryder, E. B. Ackerman, and Roscoe R. Bell, and their wives, visited the Union Stock-yards, Chicago, on the going trip, and were shown all points of interest by the Napoleon of that great horse market, Mr. Newgass. Never before was there such an interest shown in the liter- ary programme, almost every paper being discussed until the President closed off the debate through the consumption of the allotted time. The members kept their chairs as though rivet- ted to them, no matter whether the subject was the germ of Texas fever or the cheapening of equine rations by substituting molasses and cotton-seed meal for oats and corn. Dr. M. E. Knowles, of Montana, was a very badly fright- ened delegate on Tuesday afternoon. Mrs. Knowles was suffer- ing with a sick-headache, and to relieve it took too large a dose of acetanilid, which reacted upon her heart, and, for a time, the physician who was hurriedly called could not tell if the heart would regain its normal condition. By evening, however, the entire convention was relieved by favorable reports from the sick room, and before the close of the meeting Mrs. Knowles was a safe convalescent. A regretted omission at Minneapolis was the failure to se- SOCIETY MEETINGS. -691 cure a photograph of the members, as was done at Nashville, Detroit, and Atlantic City. Many of the members stated that they had them all framed and hanging upon the walls of their libraries, they being frequent reminders of familiar faces and pleasant features of former gatherings. We would suggest to future committees the making of definite arrangements for this — feature. Dr. F. H. Ruhl, of Fairmount, West Virginia, had the mis- fortune to lose his gold watch in a crush on a trolley car in Chicago. He held on, however, very tenaciously to a box of ‘“stogies,” which he brought from the State of his adoption for the members. Records were knocked sky-high in the matter of new mem- bers admitted. Sixty-six gentlemen were favorably reported upon by the Executive Committee and duly elected, a few of whom were reinstatements. They were not confined to the vicinity of the place of meeting, but came from all sections. Dr. Bell, of the REVIEW, prepared a paper upon the subject of “‘ The Legitimate Field of the A. V. M. A.,” which was in the nature of a reply to the arguments of certain members who feel that practical papers and surgical demonstrations should be omitted from the programmes of the National organization. It was very apparent to him that no plea for the practical side of national association life was necessary, as the niembers demon- strated by their every action that they not only wished to con- tinue as they had always done, but that if any changes were to take place that the clinics should be increased and rendered more efficient. As the paper came late on the programme, the time being very limited, and as there was no real good to be ac- complished, he made a statement of the case and turned it over to the Publication Committee. It will also be printed in the REVIEW. If anyone doubts that the members are in earnest in this matter he should read the resolution adopted, which is pub- lished elsewhere. : One of the most pleasing incidents of this great gathering of veterinarians from all quarters of the Western continent to us was the universal commendations expressed of the AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW. Almost every one subscribes regularly for it, and many claim that next to the colleges and the A. V. M. A., it is doing more for veterinary progress than any other factor. They spoke of it with the greatest affection, one claim- ing that he would be willing to forego breakfast and supper three days a week rather than be without it. Another said that 692 SOCIETY MEETINGS. during a recent serious illness, at a point when three consulting surgeons had said that he only had a day longer to live, the cur- rent number of the REVIEW arrived. He caughta glimpse of its pale-green cover, as it was laid upon the table near his bed, which at once aroused his interest,and a member of his household was requested to read to him some of its contents. It revived him, took his mind into different channels, and in a few days the en- tire number had been read aloud to him, with the result that he was so far improved as to be out of danger. If the American veterinarians’ journal can do so much for bodily ills, it should be a panacea for all intellectual weaknesses. A representative of the International Live Stock Associa- tion appeared before the meeting and invited all who could do so to visit their great live-stock show in Chicago the first week in December. He wished particularly to have a number of vet- erinarians there on Thursday of that week, as there would bein attendance on that day surely (and possibly all the week), ten German veterinary students, who were sent over by Emperor William’s government to study American stock conditions. There were about 160 in attendance at the clinic at the Ex- periment Farm. When it is considered that this was held upon an extra day, a number of members and visitors having been compelled to leave at the close of the meeting on account of their inability to secure longer leaves of absence, and that few meat inspectors, experiment station workers, and others engaged in sanitary specialties, were there—the attendance was phenom- enal and wonderful. Every eye and every ear was engaged with the work before them, and, while the clinic was slow in getting down to work, it was fraught with great interest and benefit. The intelligent questioning of the operators by selected surgeons—an zmupromptu agreement—was a great aid in bring- ing out salient points. Strict order was maintained, the arena being always clear of intruders, so that one could see just as well as another. Visitors inspected the new “ Veterinary Building” of the Experiment Farm, and while no degree-giving school is main- tained, the facilities for teaching veterinary medicine are as well adapted for the purpose as almost any school in the country ; and it looks to an outsider as though Minnesota was heading for a veterinary college with a curriculum, staff, and other facilities for making future members of the A. V. M.A. There were 94 old members and 35 members-elect in at- tendance, which places 129 members as the American record, SOCIETY MEETINGS. 693 and in all probability that of the world, for a veterinary meet- ing. There were not so many visitors as at Atlantic City; but there were more ladies. Dr. J. G. Rutherford proved himself a veritable orator, and his remarks were absorbingly listened to, whether they dealt with scientific problems, international comity between Canada and the United States, or his amusing experiences as an em- bryonic Indiana practitioner, where the meaning of his sign of ‘“‘ Veterinary Surgeon ”’ was so little understood by the natives that he left the town in disgust. He made an eloquent plea for the Association to meet in Ottawa next year, and many with whom he conversed thought we might do much worse, as there is a great field in Canada, which would by contact benefit both the Association and the profession of that section. He said there were about seventy practitioners in that vicinity, who were ours for the coming. Dr. Monsarrat (who soon became known to each attendant, and finally earned the soubriquet of ‘‘ Honolulu Bill’), invited the Association to Hawaii, but as he could not guarantee the usual one and one-third rate, there seemed to be little prospect of his succeeding in his well-meant efforts. Dr. Knowles’ usual Helena invitation has somewhat better chances, but even his whole-souled and sincere pleas will probably fail for the present. Dr. Wm. Dougherty was on hand, after his European trip in search of relief from his old enemy, rheumatism. We re- gret that, while he appeared to look well, he complained of pains in his knees continuously. His old friend, Dr. Jas. L. Robertson, was his constant companion. The “veterinary special” train on the C., M. and St. Paul Railway, in charge of Drs. Baker and Hughes, carried about go members and visitors, who were tendered a splendid collation on board, through the courtesy of the hosts. It was a most enjoyable occasion, but on account of a wreck on the track, was four hours late in reaching the convention city. The officers of the meeting postponed convening time from Io A. M. to 2 P.M. in consequence. Certain of the travelers, who have always found difficulty in sleeping on a moving train, and congratu- lated themselves in the morning on the refreshing night’s sleep which they had experienced, were chagrined to know that their slumbers were secured while the train was awaiting the clearing of the track. The full social and pleasure programme was carried out, and the large number of ladies present thoroughly enjoyed it. On 694 SOCIETY MEETINGS. Tuesday afternoon a visit was paid to the buildings and grounds of the University of Minnesota; in the evening an informal re- ception was given the visitors in the parlors of the West Hotel, thus enabling acquaintances to be formed, which proved mutu- ally advantageous for the rest of the meeting and for all time. On Wednesday morning special cars took the guests to Minne- haha Falls, thence to St. Paul, where stops were made at the Indian Mounds, State Fish Hatchery, and Como Park. On Thursday the local committee took a large party on an inspec- tion tour of the large flouring mills and large saw-mills. In the afternoon the entire company of ladies and gentlemen were ta- ken by special train to Wayzata, where a steamer was boarded fora most delightful sail on Lake Minnetonka, landing at Spring Park, where the banquet took place at the Hotel Del Otero. On Friday, after the clinic at St. Anthony Park, the entire com- pany. visited the State Fair, where 250 seats on the grand stand had been reserved for them by the Fair Association. ‘They greatly enjoyed the races, the usual fair spectacles, and particu- larly the splendid display of live stock. A new and novel feature was the publication by the local committee of a beautifully printed and illustrated programme of twelve pages, giving all information concerning the various events transpiring, including the social entertainments. The illustrations included ‘* The Falls of Minnehaha,” ‘Scene on Lake Minnetonka,” ‘ University Buildings,” ‘“ Loring Park,” ‘“Court House,” “‘ Minneapolis in 1857,” ‘‘ Indian Mounds and Fish Hatchery,” ‘‘ Scene in Como Park,” “‘ Library Building,” “Old Tower at. Fort Snelling,’ “ Milling District,” “ Lake Minnetonka,” “‘ Veterinary Building, University of Minnesota,” ‘“‘ Agricultural Department, University of Minnesota,” ‘ Central High School,” ‘“‘ West Hotel,” ‘‘ The First House.” NEW YORK STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL SOCIETY: The twelfth annual meeting was called to order in the large assembly hall of the Wilson Building, Pierrepont and Fulton Streets, Brooklyn, on Tuesday, Sept. 9, at Io A. M., by the Presi- dent, Prof. James Law, and although it was raining in torrents, the room was well filled, with a few ladies in the rear seats. After calling the meeting to order President Law introduced Hon. Richard Young, Park Commissioner of the Boroughs of Kings and Queens, who welcomed the Association to the city SOCIETY MEETINGS. 695 in a real hearty manner, telling them of the city’s wonderful parks and boulevards, forming the finest system of driveways in the world. He said that when he observed the advent of the automobile he thought the veterinarian’s sphere would be greatly diminished ; but that he was now convinced that the horseless carriage was but a fad, and that the horse would ever be the ideal mode of transportation, whether for business or pleasure. He congratulated the Association on its progress, on the fact that the great universities were including the science of veterinary medicine among their regular departments, and pre- dicted a great future for us. Prof. Law replied to the Commissioner’s welcome, tendering him the thanks of the Society for his cordial words, and incidentally showing him that our profession not only dealt with the horse, but was the barrier standing between the human family and the great number of contagious diseases that are transmissible from animals to mankind, and that they had made a record in the prevention and eradication of animal scourges that had saved millions in money to the Nation. He said that the Commissioner’s references to the city of Brooklyn reminded him of the fact that it was at the foot of Joralemon Street, in this city, that a cow landed on American soil in 1843, bringing with her the first case of contagious pleuro-pneumonia to this country, and that it slowly but steadily spread, until in 1885 it was found among the dairy herds of the city of Chicago. It was then that the Federal Bureau of Animal Industry took vigorous hold of the plague, and in five years completely drove the disease from this continent—a work which has never been equalled in the history of the world. He predicted that the disease would never again get a foothold in this country. Following this the President delivered one of the most care- fully-prepared and scholarly addresses that we have ever listened to. We shall not here attempt to synopsize his remarks, but will in an early issue of the REVIEW publish it in full. The roll-call was omitted, and the attendance was ascer- tained by means of a register passed among those present. This register showed the following to be present at the meeting and at the clinic: THOSE IN ATTENDANCE. Members and Visttors—Drs. E. B. Ackerman, Brooklyn; KE. F. Alexander, Hoosick Falls; Charles S. Atchison, Brook- lyn; Samuel Atchison, Brooklyn; Roscoe R. Bell, Brooklyn ; 696 SOCIETY MEETINGS. George H. Berns, Brooklyn; A. W. Baker, Brasher Falls; W. L. Baker, Buffalo; A. Barradell, Pawling ; H. J. Brotheridge, Brooklyn; H. E. Bates, South Norwalk, Conn.; C. E. Burch- sted, Exeter, N. H.; F. F. Bushnell, Winsted, Conn.; E. M. Casey, Oxford; D. W. Cochrane, New York; Charles Cowie, Ogdensburgh ; A. J. Dodin, Morrisania ; Thomas H. Doyle, New York ; Wm. F. Doyle, Brooklyn ; J. F. DeVine, Goshen ; Rob- ert W. Ellis, New York; W. E. A. English, Jersey City, N. J.; P. A. Fish, Ithaca ; Otto Faust, Poughkeepsie ; H. D. Gill, New York ; George J. Goubeaud, Brooklyn; G. W. Gilbert, Bayport, L. I.; E. Hanshew, Brooklyn; H. D. Hanson, New York; F. R. Hanson, New York ; Geo. S. Hopkins, Ithaca; Wilson Huff, Rome; R. C. Jenks, Ossining; Ll. B. Judson, Winsted, Conn.; R. E. Jones, New York ; E. H. Judkins, New Paltz; M. Kenny, New York; Wm. Henry Kelly, Albany; Geo. A. Knapp, Mil- brook ; H. W. Kornobis, Brooklyn; James Law, Ithaca; A. M. Leek (veterinary student), Highwood, Conn.; Geo. W. Meyer, New York; R. W. McCully, New York; R. A. McAuslin, Brooklyn ; W. T. McCoun, Oyster Bay; V. A. Moore, Ithaca ; C. D. Morris, Binghampton ; W. B. Moorehouse, Tarrytown ; Andrew R. Morris, New York; Edward J. Nesbitt, Pough- keepsie; L. Nicholas, New York; Arthur O’Shea, New York; T. F. O’Dea, Saugerties; R. Perkins, Warsaw; C. R. Perkins, Warsaw ; Thomas M. Quinn, Astoria; A. K. Robertson, Brook- lyn; J. L. Ronan, Corning; Charles Schroder, Brooklyn; C. EB. Shaw, Brooklyn; H. EK. Stark, New York; H. D. Stebbins; West Winfeld; G. F. Stone, Binghampton; Harry Sutterby, Batavia ; T. G. Sherwood, New York ; A. G. Tegg, Rochester ; A. J. Tuxill, Auburn; E. F. Voorhis, Owego; “JamesmW: Walker, Brooklyn; E. Waters, Brooklyn; R. E. Waters, Grave- send ; W. J. Wadsworth, Cobleskill] ; LeRoy Webber. Rochester ; R. M. Weightman, Waterville; A. G. Wicks, Schenectady ; W. L. Williams, Ithaca; J. L. Wilder, Dunkirk; H. E. Wilson (veterinary student), Brooklvn—(79). Delegates from the Veterinary Medical Association of New Jersey.—Drs. Ernest Buckley, East Orange; J. M. Everitt, Hackettstown ; J. B. Hopper, Ridgewood; J. V. Laddey, Ar- lington ; J. Payne Lowe, Passaic; Wm. Herbert Lowe, Pater- son; Werner Runge, Newark; S. S. Treadwell, Englewood—(8). Ladies.—Mesdames E. B. Ackerman, Brooklyn; Roscoe R. Bell, Brooklyn; Charles Cowie, Ogdensburgh ; H. D. Hanson, New York ; James Law, Ithaca; J. L. Wilder, Dunkirk; W. L. Williams, Ithaca—(7). SOCIETY MEETINGS. 697 Other Vzsttors.—A. R. Davidson, Brooklyn ; John A. Dunn, Brooklyn; T. F. Krey, New York; Hon. Richard Young, Brooklyn—(4). MEMBERS ELECTED. The following veterinarians were elected to membership : Drs. Harry W. Kornobis, Brooklyn; R. C. Jenks, Ossining ; Richard M. Weightman, Waterville; Ernest F. Alexander, Hoosick Falls; Otto Faust, Poughkeepsie ; H. J. Brotheridge, Brooklyn; Geo. A. Knapp, Milbrook; Edward J. Nesbitt, Poughkeepsie ; Robert J. McAuslin, Brooklyn ; Geo. W. Meyer, New York; C. R. Perkins, Warsaw ; Thos. M. Quinn, Astoria; E. H. Judkins, New Paltz; Chas. Schroder, Brooklyn; Andrew R. Morris, New York; James W. Walker, Brooklyn; D. W. Cochrane, New York; Wm. J. McKinney, Brooklyn; LeRoy Webber, Rochester ; Herbert Sheldon Sackett, Brooklyn ; Frank Hunt, Jamestown; C. E. Shaw, Brooklyn; A. G. Tegg, Roches- ter, and R. EK. Waters, Gravesend. COMMITTEE REPORTS. The various standing committees reported. The Legislative, through Chairman Kelly, that no legislation had been asked for by the profession during the past session, and that no per- nicious acts were allowed to get on the statute books. Dr. Berns, Chairman of the Committee on By-Laws, said there was nothing for his committee to report. Dr. Bell, of the Arrangements Committee, said that all was in readiness for a good meeting ; the clinic a fine prospect; the social features well arranged, and that nothing had been left un- done to make the meeting a perfect success. THE CHARGES AGAINST DR. MORRIS. From the Executive Committee came a most important re- port in relation to the charges preferred at the meeting of 1901 against former Secretary Claude D. Morris by Dr. Thomas G. Sherwood. ° The committee summoned Dr. Morris before it and listened to his defence very carefully, occupying about two hours in its deliberations. They then presented the following report: (1) That Dr. Morris was indiscreet in using this Society’s paper in writing a personal letter to the Secretary of War. (2) That Dr. Morris was indiscreet in stating in said letter that ‘‘the profession at large is not at heart for the enactment of this measure.”’ This Committee feels that while Dr. Morris failed to exercise due discretion, they do not think that his purposes were such as to warrant the imposition of any penalty. 698 SOCIETY MEETINGS. The report was received, and Dr. Bell moved that the de- fendant be tried in open session ; saying that he had been sum- marily expelled from the American Veterinary Medical Associa- tion ; that this society had been criticised for not having done the same last year, and he thought that every member should know every detail of the case, so that he might vote according to his own conscience. ‘This motion was seconded and carried. The defendant then asked if he should consider himself on trial, and when informed that he was, asked that his trial be in exec- utive session. Those present who were not members were asked to withdraw, and the society was declared to be in execu- tive session. Dr. Morris then made a full review of the case from his standpoint, after which it was moved and seconded that the report of the Executive Committee be adopted, which was carried, there being only one dissenting voice. When this incident was closed the Society proceeded to the READING AND DISCUSSION OF PAPERS. . Dr. Robert W. Ellis, of New York, presented his paper on the subject of ‘“‘ Veterinary Dentistry,” anda very interesting one it was. He dealt with the physiology and mechanism of mastication, and the objects of dentistry, particularly the “ float- ing” of the teeth. ‘The members evidently considered the sub- ject an interesting one, for they discussed it just as long as the Society would permit them to do so, and through the discussion many very practical points were brought out. Among those taking a prominent part in the debate were Drs. Williams, Gill, Hanshew, Lowe, and W. L. Baker. “The Etiology of Shoe-Boil” was the subject brought forward by Dr. George J. Goubeaud, of Brooklyn. The doctor has for a long time held a radical view upon the causation of this very common condition, and some two years ago presented a similar paper to the Veterinary Medical Association of New York County. The generally accepted theory has always been that the hygroma so often seen at the point of the elbow is caused by the animal lying upon its shoe or foot. But the essayist claims that these enlargements are never so produced ; but that they are occasioned by the animal striking a quick, sharp blow with the point of the elbow in the act of rising. He points out that in rising the foot is extended, the knee flexed, and as he springs upward the point of the elbow strikes against the floor, and the cystic condition found subsequently is the result of that contusion. He produced many arguments in favor of his con- tention, and we believe he made many converts to his way of SOCIETY MEETINGS. 699 reasoning. His paper was very thoroughly discussed, those tak- ing part in it being Drs. Williams, Stebbins, Bell, Moore, Gill, A. W. Baker and Hanshew. “Retained Placenta” was Dr. W. L. Williams’ subject, and he very thoroughly described the pathology of the abnormality, giving the best methods of removing it. He found his audi- . tors much interested in his theme, as evidenced by the nu- merous questions put to him concerning the condition. Some of those who asked questions or offered suggestions were Drs. Perkins, Fish, and Kenney. ‘“Syrup as a Food for Horses,” by Dr. George H. Berns, of Brooklyn, was a magnet which attracted the most marked at- tention. The REVIEW had paved the way for the introduction of this subject through its publication of the Porto Rican ex- periments of Dr. Gerald E. Griffin, and the French method of feeding molasses as told in Prof. Liautard’s ‘‘ European Chroni- cles”; so that the audience was prepared to hear the question presented ina practical way by this very intelligent practitioner and student of current events. We have thought that to the every-day practitioner no economic nor scientific subject could be of more interest or importance to them, and so we have, even with the crowded condition of our pages, reproduced elsewhere the article in its entirety. At the clinic on the following day, Dr. Berns had one of Arbuckle Bros.’ truck teams brought to his infirmary for the inspection of the Society, and a pair of horses in finer working condition would be very hard to find. Dr. Berns’ views as to the reasons for the dietetic value of mo- lasses seemed to the audience as very sound. Those who dis- cussed the subject were Drs. Bell, Morris, Fish, and others. ‘‘Mallein” formed the basis of Dr. H. D. Gill’s didactic lec- ture, and he spoke with the confidence of one who had had great experience with the serum. He argued that under proper conditions mallein was as positive in its results as tuberculin, and the failures reported were mostly due to employing it under conditions where its use is contraindicated. Almost everybody present had positive ideas on the subject, prominent among whom were Drs. Ackerman, Berns, and Williams. A motion had to prevail to stop the discussion, else it would have kept on indefinitely. The hour was getting late; there were many papers yet to be read, and that paramount subject, ‘‘ The Enforcement of Our Veterinary Laws,” was still to be considered. Nothing must interfere with that. So Dr. Hopkins’ paper, Dr. Fish’s paper, 700 SOCIETY MEETINGS. ‘Interstitial Hepatitis of Swine”’ by Dr. V. A. Moore, ‘‘ Veterin- ary Dentistry” by Dr. Childs, ‘‘Lazyngeal Paralysis, or so- called Cerebro-spinal Meningitis ” by Dr. Gill, and ‘‘ The Diag- nosis of Anthrax” by Dr. Moore, must give way for the subject which demands immediate and vigorous action. Dr. Kelly did not read a paper, but spoke from the standpoint of one who was very conversant with the existing conditions. He was not even prepared to say what was the best method to have the laws enforced; he knew that graduates from two- year schools and unlicensed non-graduates were constantly set- tling down to practice in New York State, and that the longer they were unmolested the harder it would be to uproot them and prevent others from entering the field. Other members added to his facts, and finally Dr. Bell introduced the following resolution, which was unanimously adopted : PROSECUTING COMMITTEE. It was moved and adopted unanimously that a Prosecuting Committee of three members be appointed by the President ; the duty of said Committee to be to employ competeut counsel to prosecute illegal practitioners in the State of New York, and that the said Prosecuting Committee be authorized to solicit voluntary subscriptions from the members of the Association and from registered veterinarians throughout the State by authority of the Society and in behalf of the Society, for the pur- pose of defraying the expenses of such prosecutions. RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED. WHEREAS, The Pennsylvania State Veterinary Medical So- ciety has seen fit to criticize the action of this society as to its method in dealing with one of its members, and WHEREAS, This society feels that it is perfectly capable of administering its own by-laws, in its own way, without the ad- vice, sanction or interference of those from without its member- ship ; therefore be it Resolved, That this society regards as indiscreet, discourteous and gratuitous the resolution passed at the last annual meeting of the Pennsylvania State Veterinary Medical Association. Resolved, 'That the New York State Veterinary Medical So- ciety recognizes in the death of Rudolf Virchow, pathologist, scientist and statesman, an irreparable loss to medical science and humanity; a man of universal genius and a benefactor of mankind, who, starting early in life in advance of his SOCIETY MEETINGS. 701 line, maintained that standard throughout his long career. In recognition of these qualities, we manifest the same by silent vote in rising. PROPOSED AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. We, the undersigned members of the New York State Vet- . erinary Medical Society, offer the following amendments to Article V. of our Constitution : “To strike out the word ‘fifteen’ and substitute ‘twenty- five’ in the fourth line. “ To strike out the word ‘two’ and substitute ‘ two or three’ in the sixth line.” We also beg to offer the addition of a new article, to be known as Article No. VII, to the Constitution, to read as follows: “That a standing committee of three members be appointed as a Committee on Resolutions.” (Sgd.) Gro. H. BERNS. W. L. BAKER. At the conclusion of the discussion and adoption of the reso- lutions creating a Prosecuting Committee, the selection of the next place of meeting was taken up. Three candidates were placed in nomination, as follows: Ithaca, Brooklyn, and New York ; the balloting resulted in the selection of Ithaca, it receiv- ing 26 votes, Brooklyn 11, New York 8. The convention then adjourned to meet at the infirmary of Dr. George H. Berns, 74 Adams Street, to witness and partici- pate in THE SURGICAL CLINIC, which proved a very instructive and interesting feature. The arrangements were splendidly planned, they began promptly on time, the business was dispatched with as much alacrity as was consistent with thoroughness, and we predict that this feature has done as much to demonstrate the mutual benefit which can be secured from an association of veterinarians as anything possibly could do. One feature of this clinic will be that at the next meeting (and earlier through the REVIEW) Dr. Berns will report the re- sults of the operations, so that the value of the procedures will be definitely known. The following cases were presented : ifs Practical demonstration of the use of the ophthalmoscope for the diagnosis of obscure lesions of the eye. By Dr. George G. Van Mater, of Brooklyn. II. Enormous enlargement and induration of both parotid 702 pHOK WAIT. XY. .SOCIETY MEETINGS. glands in a gray horse (probably melanosis). By °Dr George H. Berns, of Brooklyn. Lacerated wound of the inferior abdominal region with protrusion of the intestines and discharge of alimentary matter through wound. By Dr. George H. Berns, of Brooklyn. Dropping of stifle, following azoturia, three months’ stand- ing. By Dr. George H. Berns, of Brooklyn. Gelatinous degeneration of the pastern, following plantar neurotomy. By Dr. George H. Berns, of Brooklyn. Large cystic tumors of the poll. By Dr. George H. Berns, of Brooklyn. Periostitis of pedal bones, both front feet. By Dr. George H. Berns, of Brooklyn. Peculiar action of the stifle and relaxation of the tendo- Achilles. By Dr. Wm. J. McKinney, of Brooklyn. Aggravated stringhalt of both hind legs. By Dr. Roscoe R. Bell, of Brooklyn. Suspected case of farcy. By Dr. George H. Berns, of Brooklyn. 3 A pair of truck horses doing daily work fed on molassed food for eighteen months (property of Arbuckle Bros. ). XII. Aggravated case of stringhalt. By Dr. J. L. Robertson, N.Y. The following operations were performed : I. i Tae. rs V. VI. VII. WET, Tenotomy of deep flexors, one front and both hind legs. By Dr. G. A. Stone, Binghamton. Ovariotomy of mare through vagina (with the privilege to all of passing hand through wound and feeling the parts). By Dr. W. L. Williams, of Ithaca. Extirpation of membrana nictitans. By Dr. George H. Berns, of Brooklyn. Castration of stallion, standing (time, 60 seconds). By Dr. R. E. Waters, Gravesend. Tenotomy deep flexors both hind legs, donkey. By Dr. George H. Berns, of Brooklyn. Tenotomy of lateral extensor of the phalanges (string- halt operation). By Dr. C. E. Shaw, of Brooklyn. [This is the same horse exhibited by Dr. Bell—No. 1X—and the result of the operation will be published in the REVIEW. | Extirpation of lateral cartilage for the radical cure of quittor. By Dr. W. F. Doyle, of Brooklyn. Demonstration of the use of a new mechanical tooth float. . By Dr. Robert W. Ellis, of New York. (This novel and SOCIETY MEETINGS. 703. practical invention, which is especially suited for ‘“ float-: ing” large stables of horses, works by the turning ofa crank, somewhat on the order of a clipping machine, and requires but little exertion on the part of the operator. Those who witnessed it pronounced it a wonderful inven- tion, very practical and a great labor saver. It was used in conjunction with the patent halter, invented by the same veterinarian), IX. Demonstration of the use of stocks and operating tables. By Drs. Joseph R. Hodgson, of Brooklyn, and W. J. Mc- Gee, of New York. The time allotted to the clinic having expired, the party left on special trolley cars for Coney Island. But a large num- ber of cases were left over. On the following day Drs. Berns, Ackerman, Sackett, Walker, and C. S. Atchison finished the material on hand, which consisted of tenotomies, neurectomies, and bitch ovariotomies. NOTES OF THE N. Y. S. V. M. S. MEETING. Let it never be again said that the veterinarians of New York City cannot arrange a good meeting ; and do not intimate that the members of the profession throughout the State will not attend a meeting when a programme which appeals to them is prepared. A campaign against illegal practitioners was inaugurated which promises to yield good results. It may be safely said now that “something” is going to be done to rid the State of those who have no legal nor moral right to practice in the commonwealth. The attendance was the largest in the history of the Associa- tion, and it was well distributed, members coming from the most distant cities. Although many neglected to register, there were ninety-eight (98) names recorded, which is a very satisfactory turn-out of Empire State Veterinarians. New Jersey sent over a large delegation of its best men, whu expressed themselves as well repaid for their time. Among those at the regular session and at the clinic were Drs. Wm. Herbert and J. Payne Lowe, Werner Runge, S. S. Treadwell, J. M. Everett, J. B. Hopper, Ernest Buckley and J. V. Laddey. A resolution was adopted instructing the President to appoint delegates to the next meeting of the New Jersey State Associa- tion, not only to return the courtesy of that body and to encour- age such interstate fraternity, but that the delegates may take 704 SOCIETY MEETINGS. note of the best features of the convention, with a view to im- proving the meetings of the New York Society. While the Committee of Arrangements worked in splendid harmony, the great success of the clinic was due to the untiring efforts of Dr. George H. Berns, who had secured enough good clinical material to have extended the session for a week. Everyone remarked that the cases supplied were thoroughly practical, being such as are met with almost daily in private practice, and they all felt that by interchange of views they had learned something worth knowing from each case. The relaxation obtained by the members and visitors, after the meeting adjourned, was greatly enjoyed. It was regretted by the local committee that so many were compelled to return to their homes on the early trains, and thus failed to avail themselves of the hospitality provided for them at Coney Isl- and. However, fifty-six sat at the long table at the Pabst Hotel, on Surf Avenue, and enjoyed a tasteful shore dinner, afterwards “doing” the attractions of that famous seaside resort. We observed some of our staid and venerable mem- bers in the thickest of the fight, and from the lightness of their spirits they appeared to be enjoying the innocent amusements so abundantly provided. Several photographers did a thriving business at the clinic, taking groups in the operating room, and the entire attendance in front of the infirmary, most everyone ordering copies as me- mentoes of the memorable occasion. A. V. €. boys were everywhere to be seen, and we heard several express a wish that their old instructor and friend, Dr. Liautard, could be present and enjoy with them such a rare treat. We know how glad he would have been to have spent the day in person where we are sure his heart was. Applications for membership came thick and fast. A special session was held at the clinic just after lunch, to elect half a dozen belated applicants, and there were several other visitors who became so desirous of being an integral part of the Society by the time the clinic was over that they inquired if it were not possible to hold an extra session for the purpose of admitting them. We observed three demonstrations under way at one time on several occasions. On the operating table, a tenotomy; in a stall, a dental operation ; while in the front clinic room there would be a consultation on a suspected farcy patient or an ob- scure lameness. SOCIETY MEETINGS. ; 705 The State Society is now a powerful organization for good ; it has many important functions in regard to the laws govern- ing the profession of the State, and if its authority and influence are wisely directed, it should make a great improvement in the condition of the profession. For instance, its authority is su- preme in forming the fersonnel of the Board of Veterinary Medi- cal Examiners ; it has the power to prevent the practicing of other than licensed veterinarians, and through its well organ- ized forces it can prevent the passage of pernicious legislation. MISSOURI VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. The eleventh annual meeting was called to order at 9 A. M. in the assembly hall of the Board of Education Building, north- west corner of Ninth and Locust Streets, St. Louis, Mo., by Dr. Chas. Doenie, of Boonville, Mo., Vice-President, the President, Dr. J. W. Conuaway, being absent on account of ill health. The following members and visiting veterinarians were present: Drs. F. F. Brown, H. Bradley, C. W. Crowley, Chas. Ellis, F. A. Goodbody, L. M. Klutts, B. F. Kaupp, R. A. Kam- merer, D. F. Luckey, T. J. Menestrina, S. Stewart, A. Darling, H. B. Piatt, Ray J. Stanclift (8th U. S. Cavalry), J. M. Watson, W. H. Meadors, T. W. Scott, H. Timmermann, D. G. Painter, R. J. Sollberger, F. W. Hopkins, N. C. Powell, F. L. Combs, R. F. Eagle, J. J. Hougendobler, A. J. Hammerstein, D. C. Burnett, T. B. Pote, W. F. Heyde, and U. G. Houck. The minutes of the previous meeting held in Kansas City, Oct. 22 and 23, 1901, were read and approved. Under ‘‘ Communications and Correspondence” the Secre- tary read a letter from Dr. W. Horace Hoskins, of Philadelphia, Pa., in regard to attending the National Association to be held in Minneapolis, Sept. 2, 3, and 4, 1902. Also a letter from Dr. E. Brainard, of Memphis, Mo., sending regrets at his inability to attend. Vice-President Chas. Doenie then appointed Drs. D. F. Luckey and L. M. Klutts on the Committee on Elections in the place of Drs. W. E. Martin and F. W. O’Brien, who were ab- sent. Under the head of ‘‘ Applications for Membership” the names of the following veterinarians were presented: Drs. A. Darling and F. A. Goodbody, St. Louis; Oscar Stuart, Florida ; Wm. McEachran, Louisiana; Jas. Mahon, Carrollton; E. Brain- ard, Memphis, and Arthur Frickett, Kansas City. 706 SOCIETY MEETINGS. Dr. D. F. Luckey moved that Dr. R. A. Kammerer be in- structed to cast the vote of the Association for the above appli- cants to become members of the Association. Seconded and carried. Dr. S. Stewart then placed in nomination the name of Dr. D. F. Luckey, of Columbia, for President for the coming year. A motion was made, which was seconded and carried, that Dr. Luckey be elected by acclamation. Dr. Chas. Ellis then placed in nomination the name of Dr. R. A. Kammerer, of St. Louis, for Vice-President. Dx eeE: Piatt moved that the Secretary be instructed to cast the vote of the Association for Dr. Kammerer, which was seconded and carried. Dr. D. F. Luckey placed in nomination the name of Dr. B. F. Kaupp, of Kansas City, for re-election for Secretary-Treas- urer. A motion was made, seconded and carried, that the Sec- retaty be re-elected by acclamation. The Secretary then read a report for the Secretary-Treasurer for the past year. Dr. S. Stewart made a motion that the re- ports be accepted as read, which was seconded and carried. Dr. D. F. Luckey then gave a good and interesting address upon the subject of State veterinary legislation, pointing out some of the obstacles in the way of securing needed veterinary legislation in the State of Missouri. It was moved by Dr. S. Stewart that the President appoint a committee of three on State veterinary legislation and to make an attempt to secure needed legislation during the next session of the State legisla- ture ; seconded by Dr. Chas. Ellis and carried. It was then moved, seconded and carried that the meeting adjourn for luncheon. At 2 o’clock p. M. the meeting was called to order by the Vice-President, Dr. Doenie, when the following programme was presented : ‘“‘ Puerperal Mania in Bovines,” by Dr. E. M. Nighbert. “Complications in Colic,” by Dr. S. Stewart, who went thoroughly into the subject and the paper brought out a good discussion by Drs. A. Darling, L. M. Klutts, D. F. Luckey, Chas. Ellis and others. ‘““My Practical Experience Since Our Last Meeting,” by Dr. L. M. Klutts, which paper was interesting and brought out a good discussion. Following these papers a number of interesting cases were reported. SOCIETY MEETINGS. 707 At 6 o’clock it was moved, seconded and carried that the meeting adjourn to the northeast corner of Sixth and Chestnut Streets, where the veterinarians present were royally banqueted by the veterinarians of St. Louis. At 8 o’clock the meeting was again called to order, when the following papers were presented : “ Differential Diagnosis of Actinomycosis and Tuberculosis,” by Dr. R. F. Eagle. After the reading of this valuable paper a motion was made by Dr. S. Stewart, which was seconded and carried, that the courtesies of the floor be extended to the visit- ing veterinarians, and it was thoroughly discussed. ‘‘ Poisoning by Nightshade,” by Dr. T. F. Brown. ‘““Caseous Lymph-Adenitis,” by Dr. S. L. Shaw. Following these papers many interesting cases were re- ported, after which Dr. Chas. Ellis moved that the following resolutions be adopted, which was seconded by Dr. A. Darling, of St. Louis, and carried : WHEREAS, The A. V. M. A. has established the precedent of hold- ieceeeetings in cities where national and international fairs are held, an Shadi An international fair will be held in St. Louis in 1904, an WHEREAS, No meeting of the A. V. M. A. has been held in the State of Missouri, and WHEREAS, The foregoing circumstances make St. Louis the logical city for holding its meeting in 1904. Therefore be it Resolved, That the Missouri Veterinary Medical Association now in session invites the American Veterinary Medical Association to meet in St. Louis in 1904. A motion was then made by Dr. D. F. Luckey, which was seconded by Dr. Chas. Ellis and carried, that the Association extend a vote of thanks to Dr. R. F. Eagle for his valuable paper. It was then moved, seconded and carried that the next meeting be held in Windsor, Mo., in 1903, at such time as the officers of the Association and Executive Committee may decide. A motion made by Dr. Stewart, which was seconded and carried, that a vote of thanks be extended to the local commit- tee and other veterinarians of St. Louis for their hospitality. At 11 o’clock, by a motion, which was seconded and carried, the meeting adjourned to meet at Manchester Avenue and Kings Highway, at 9 A. M., Aug. Ig. Tuesday, August 19, at 9 A. M., a clinic was held at Dr. R. A. Kammerer’s hospital. The excellencies of the Kansas City Veterinary College operating table were demonstrated by Drs. 708 SOCIETY MEETINGS. F. F. Brown and S. Stewart. Many operations were performed which were participated in by Drs. D. F. Luckey, Ray J. Stan- clift, F. F. Brown, L. M. Klutts and others. At one o’clock the clinic adjourned to luncheon, which was given by the St. Louis veterinarians, after which the afternoon was spent in examining interesting cases presented at the clinic. The meeting was then adjourned to meet in Windsor, Mo., in 1903. B. F. Kaupp, Secretary. ILLINOIS VETERINARY MEDICAL AND SURGICAL ASSOCIATION. This association met in semi-annual session at the Bruns- wick Hotel, Decatur, August 14th and 15th, 1902, and was called to order by the President, Dr. V. G. Hunt, of Arcola. The roll-call was responded to by a fair number of the member- ship. President Hunt’s address was delivered in a masterly man- ner, characteristic only of himself, and was as follows: ‘““ Gentlemen :—As we meet to-day we are forcibly reminded of the rapid advancement in every department of the arts and sciences. When we look back a quarter century ago and see where the veterinarian stood, the meagre supply of veterinary literature at his command, the impotency of the healing art, it is not to be wondered at if he should make some fearful mis- takes. The only wonder is that he did as well as he did. In surgery no antiseptic precautions were thought of. Still, many of our patients recovered. One fact yet remains to be told. Very few of those bold and difficult operations were not attempt- ed that to-day are of every day occurrence. Surgery has out- stripped all the other sciences, has attained a degree of perfec- tion never dreamed of half a century ago. Doubtless if we could brush aside the veil that covers the future, we would still see greater surprises in store than ever before. The live-stock in- terest is too great to leave a stone unturned to combat every infectious and contagious disease that has already secured a foot- hold in our own State. ‘We are well aware that an alarmist is not looked upon with any degree of composure. Still, this does not relieve the veterinarian of his responsibilities to his patrons. The time was, when a lone horseman at breakneck speed warned the people of Johnstown of impending danger, losing his own life to save that ill-fated city ; they heeded not the warning and the city was destroyed. SOCIETY MEETINGS. 709 ‘Tuberculosis has come to stay. It has stealthily invaded every part of our State, slowly but surely doing its work. And as man can and does contract this disease from the bovines, is it not worth while to give this disease our earnest consideration ? Laws should be passed to restrict its ravages, ample appropri- ations made for the experimental stations with competent men at the helm. How important it is for politics to be eliminated from these appointments—not a ‘good, clever fellow,’ which usually means a d—d fool, but conscientious men of education, coupled with experience. Then, we may expect results. How often has the worthy veterinarian skulked off in shame when a State veterinarian has been called upon when confronted with a contagious or infectious disease was as dumb as an oyster. Let us hope we have seen the last of this class of gentry. If there is anything that requires keen perception with a little common honesty, it is the position of State veterinarian. It must be admitted the life of a veterinarian is an arduous one, above all the other vocations in life, for the public look with no degree of composure upon his shortcomings, while the hu- man practitioner can attribute a death to ‘heart-failure,’ an almost meaningless term, which is received in good faith. ‘“Qur societies should sound the timely warning from the house-tops without fear, favor or affection. The veterinarian should devote his whole life to the upbuilding of his self-chosen profession. As the practice of medicine is an incomplete science and will likely always remain so, requiring a practitioner to be a diligent student while attending his every-day practice. Hence, the necessity of our society. Life is too short to gain that perfection required unaided by the society. The man who gets what he has learned along the journey of life and lets it be buried with him, is not a benefactor of his race. Let us en- courage every worthy investigator. Be slow in our criticisms. ‘With Charity for all, with Malice towards none’ is a commend- able virtue.” The minutes of the previous meeting were then read and approved by the association. President Hunt next appointed S. H. Swain, C. A. Hurlbutt, and John Osborne, as a committee to draft resolutions of con- dolence on the death of Dr. L. C. Pray, of Minonk, Illinois, a charter member of the association, and directed that a copy thereof be sent to the widow of deceased, and also one to be spread upon the minutes of this meeting. Papers presented were as follows: 710 SOCIETY MEETINGS. “Lymphangitis,” by Dr. N. P. Whitmore, of Gardner ; ‘‘Dermatorrhagia,” by Dr. C. A. Hurlbutt, of Stonington, who read a report of acase in his practice which brought forth a very instructive discussion upon the subject. Dr. W. J. Martin, of Kankakee, read the same paper on “‘ Bone Spavin”’ which he did before the American Veterinary Medical Association in 1900 and published in the proceedings of that meeting. A very ex- cellent paper was read by Dr. J. W. Marsh, of Iliopolis, on the subject of “‘ Erysipelas,” which brought out some very interest- ing and instructive points with reference to this disease ; he was responded to by Drs. J. M. Reed and I. M. Luzader. The sub- ject of ‘‘ Nephritis”? was well calculated to bring forth discus- sion and an excellent paper on the subject was read by Dr. J. M. Reed, of Mattoon, responded to by Dr. D. K. Gooddale. The second day’s session was called to order by President Hunt. Much discussion was indulged in on the subject of elig- ibility of members, and resulted in the carrying of a motion proposed by Dr. S. H. Swain to empower the Committee on Programme to draft and have printed a circular letter to be sent out to the profession at large in the State. Dr. S. H. Swain next read a paper on the subject of “* En- tropion and Ectropion,” which was responded to by Dr. R. W. Brathwaite. ; A paper on “ Eczema,” by Dr. V. G. Hunt, of Arcola, was next read and responded to by Drs. R. W. Brathwaite and C. A. Hurlbutt. ‘ Tetanus,” by Dr. R. W. Brathwaite, of Cham- paign, was a very complete and instructive paper, which created considerable interesting discussion. W. A. Swain then gave an account of a case of ‘‘ Hysteria,” which was responded to by Dr. W. J. Martin. Among the visitors present was Dr. Tiffany, of Springfield, State Veterinarian. On motion, the date and location of the next meeting was fixed for Wednesday and Thursday, January 14th and 15th, 1903, at the St. Nicholas Hotel, Decatur, Illinois. W. A. SWAIN, Secretary. GENESEE VALLEY VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSO- CIA TION, The semi-annual meeting was held at Rochester, July 17th, 1902. President O. B. French presided. There were present : NEWS AND ITEMS. rail Drs. J. H. Taylor, Henrietta; P. I. Johnston, Wilmington ; J. E. Smith, Webster; L. J. Palmer, Sonyea; L. R. Webber, Rochester ; W. E. Stocking, Medina; D. P. Webster, Hilton ; N. N. Leffler, Geneseo; Carl Webber, Rochester; W. G. Dodd, Canandaigua; A. George Tegg, Rochester. _ The morning session included the routine business of the - Association. Adjourned to meet at the veterinary hospital of Dr. L. R: Webber, on Andrew St., at 1.30 P. M., at which place a very interesting clinic was held, resulting from the suc- cessful efforts of Dr. J. H. Taylor, chairman of the Clinic Com- mittee. There were a great nuinber of operations performed and witnessed by members of the Association. W. E. STOCKING, Secretary. NEWS AND ITEMS. Dr. O. A. STINGLEY, of Kansas City, has been appointed an assistant inspector in the Bureau of Animal Industry and or- dered to Chicago. Dr. Ray J. STANCLIFT, veterinarian 8th U. S. Cavalry, Jefferson Barracks, Mo., recently from Cuba, attended the an- nual meeting of the M. V. M. A., held in St. Louis Aug. 18 and 19, and also the A. V. M. A., at Minneapolis. MONEY IN A Doc’s StoMacH.—The stomach of a dog is a peculiar thing to see on the desk of an official of the United States Treasury, but that was the object which E. E. Schreiner recently spread out before him. Mr. Schreiner is chief of the division of redemption of the Treasury and has become accus- tomed to receiving money under peculiar conditions. Even he, however, admitted the originality of the case in question. ‘Dear sir,” ran the letter which accompanied the stomach, ‘I send under separate cover stomach of my dog Fritz. I was play- ing with him to-day, holding a $20 bill up for him to jump at, when he suddenly leaped higher than I had anticipated, grabbed the bill between his teeth and ran under the house, where he chewed the money up and swallowed it. I thought more of the twenty than I did of Fritz—he was always chasing chickens— so I shot him and cut out his stomach. Please see if you can’t paste the bill together and redeem it.” ‘The unique feature of this case,” said Mr. Schreiner, “is that we found the bill slightly chewed up, but sufficiently whole to identify and redeem. The man has received a check for $20 by this time.” —(Vew York flerald. ) ne PUBLISHERS’ DEPARTMENT. Subscription price, $3 per annum, invariably in advance; foreign countries, $3.60; students while attending college, $2, single copies, 25 cents. Rejected manuscripts will not be returned unless postage ts forwarded. Subscribers are earnestly requested to notify the Business Manager immediately upon changing thetr address. Alex. Eger, 34 East Van Buren St., Chicago, [ll., Veterinary Publisher and dealer in Veterinary Instruments, Books, and Drugs, ts the authorized agent for the REVIEW in Chicago and the Middle West, and will receive subscriptions and advertisements at publishers rates. | SD ELE Ce DE I PP GO LES Ast month, we reminded our readers (through this department) of the debt of gratitude and appreciation that they owe to the advertisers in their magazine ; and even while we were writing it, it seems that the manuf cturers of another valuable product, were preparing a ‘‘ bulletin ”’ of information for their inspection, which will be found in this number on page 2 (ad. dept.). The product called attention to by this ‘ bulle- tin,’’ Glyco-Heroin (Smith), needs no further indorsement than the name of the manufacturers (Martin H. Smith Co., pharmaceutical chemists), to class it among preparations of a fine grade, characteristic of all the pharmaceutical products of that house. But it has the further indorsement of some of the most painstaking practitioners among the REVIEW readers, in the ‘‘Case Reports’’ in the June and September numbers. These reports, the knowledge of the therapy of the drugs employed in its formula, and the reputation of the manufacturers as pharmaceutical chemists, should make this product a very welcome one to the veterinary profession. ‘SPANISH IrcH.’’—Fifteenth Annual Report U. S. Bureau of Animal Industry, says: ‘‘ The most satisfactory results were obtained by using an emulsion of Zenoleum. ‘This is a coal-tar derivative, rendered alka- line so that when added to water it forms a permanent emulsion with- out agitation and is a very effective remedy in destroying insect para- sites. One part of Zenoleum to fifty parts of water was found to be very effective. It penetrates scab and matted-hair readily, does not irritate the skin or the hands, and is easily and quickly applied. The cost is about three cents per head.’’ TANNOFORM-MERCK, which is no exception to other valuable prep- arations of Merck & Co., page 3 (ad. dept.), is attracting especial atten- tion in veterinary practice from its variety of legitimate uses. Itisa wonderful article to have in one’s satchel at all times, and worth while looking up. Write for their booklet on Veterinary Remedies, and use the REVIEW as your reference. MULTUM IN PARVO could not be more truly applied than in express- ing an opinion of The Abbott Alkaloidal Company’s very nice prepara- tions of the active principles. Their advertisement, on the inside of the back cover page, is certainly attractive; but practice, with their al- kaloidal preparations, becomes positively fascinating. VETERINARIAN WANTED. WanTED.—A qualified veterinarian to take charge of a large country practice. A young man preferred. Address : J. W. Orro, M. D. C., Magnolia, Ill. POSITION WANTED. WANTED by a qualified veterinarian, graduate of American Veterinary College, with experience in city practice, a position as assistant. New York or vicinity preferred. Address : ASSISTANT, care of AM. VET, REVIEW, 509 W. 152d Street, New York. REVIEWS WANTED. The publishers will pay regular price for any of the following: Sept. 1898-Dec. 1899- Mar, 1896-April Ig01-Jan. 1902. Address: Ropert W. Exuis, D. V. S., Bus. Mgr., 509 W. 152d St., New York. — Os a Ne 4 raf cn President S. Stewart, of Missouri, Vice-President W. H. DALRYMPLE, of Louisiana, Vice-President M. H. REYNOLDs, of Minnesota, Secretary JOHN J. Repp, of lowa, MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 1902-1908. Vice-President J. G. RUTHERFORD, of Canada, Vice-President E. M. Ranck, of Pennsylvania, Vice-President M. E. KNowLEs, of Montana, Treasurer WM. HERBERT Lowe, of New Jersey AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW. NOVEMBER, 1902. All communications for publication or in reference thereto should be addressed to Prof. Roscoe R. Bell, Seventh Ave. & Union St., Borough of Brooklyn, New York City. EDITORIAL. EUROPEAN CHRONICLES. TUBERCULAR IMMUNIZATION.—In one of my last chronicles I related the announcement made by Prof. von Behring that he had succeeded in giving animals, and particularly bovines, im- munity against tuberculosis. This declaration of the illustrious savant was the forerunner of a work which has just been published under the title of “Tuberculosis,” in the Beztrige ziir experimentalien Therapie, which treats only of the first part of his experiments already realized or in the way of execution. From the consideration of this scientific work two funda- mental conclusions are derived, viz. : (1) That zt ts a fact established, resting on positive ground, that, with the aid of an attenuated virus, cattle can be vaccinated against tuberculosts, at least against experimental tuberculosis ,; time will tellif, as wt is probable, vaccination by the method of Behring will confer as well a sufficient immunity against spon- taneous tuberculosis, and tf, on the other side, wt ts applicable in general practice. (2) Lt 7s also demonstrated that human and animal tubercu- lous bacilli differ only by the intensity of thetr virulency. This, varying for bacilli of a given species of animal, may be experi- mentally transformed into a stronger or a weaker virulency, equivalent to that of another species. 713 qe EDITORIAL. Already, previous to the first communication of Behring, Prof. MacFadyean had mentioned in his excellent journal (June, 1g01,) the possibility of granting an antituberculous im- munization in bovines by successive vaccinations with aviary bacilli and with those of mammifare. The new method of the German professor confers ales an idiopathic immunity—that is, through the intermediacy of the virus itself, more or less attenuated. It is based on the same principle as immunization against variola, rabies and anthrax, and consequently differs from the antitoxic or bactericid sero- therapeutics in general, as those used, for instance, against teta- nus, diphtheria, pest or cholera. In fact, it is a vaccination that Behring proposes to call /exnerzsation, the name of Pas- teurtsation, that he would have preferred, being already used to designate a special mode of sterilization for milk. Behring has observed that immunization against tubercu- losis can be obtained with various attenuated bacilli, and prin- cipally with those of bovines, as with those of man. But as the accidents are much more severe and lasting when bovine bacilli are used, the Professor has left them aside in practice. He also ignores human bacilli, having a virulency for bovines resem- bling that of bovine bacilli. And actually resorts exclusively, as vaccine, on cultures of human bacilli No. 7, kept for several years at the Institute of Marbourg, which are bacilli obtained from sputas of a tuberculous man. ‘The innocuity of those cultures, used in weak doses, has been tested by numerous trials. According to Behring, here is the manner to proceed, and is most convenient in practice in the fight against tuberculosis: Operate on young bovines, from five to seven months old, which have not reacted to tuberculin ; give them by intravenous injec- tion a first dose of 0,001 gramme of a culture on serum (No. 7) trom four to six weeks old ; four weeks later make a second intra- venous injection with a dose twenty-five times stronger—say 0,025 gramme of the same culture. It is not exactly certain if this second dose is sufficiently EDITORIAL. alee strong as a final dose. Practice and experience will decide those questions later on. Such is the method of Behring vaccination, which is harm- less, simple and not costly. The acquired immunization is such that vaccinated subjects resist the criterium injection of a dose of very active virus, al- ways fatal for witnesses, which die in a few weeks with miliary tuberculosis, while they present no lesion whatever at the autopsy. Such are briefly the general outlines of the work of Prof. Behring ; of course, the method still needs the consecration of time and experience before it is definitely adopted as useful and applicable in the fight against tuberculosis, but the step forward is immense, and there can be no doubt that success will be the ultimate result in this severely engaged battle. In relation to the identity, generally admitted, of bovine and human tuberculosis, Behring is categorically in favor of it and confirms all the conclusions of the other observers who have proclaimed it before and since the question was again agitated by Prof. Koch in London. ADRENALIN is comparatively a new medicine, but its effects are such that it will not be long before it has obtained a most important place in therapeutics. To the physiological point of view, it is above all a vaso-constrictor of great power, and has a marked action on blood pressure, on circulatory exchanges, and even on the temperature of the body. To the practical point of view, it has also many applications, but at the present time it has two principal ones: (1) in laryngology and ophthalmology as a vaso-constrictor and hzemostatic ; (2) in general therapy as a heemostatic. Operations on the nose and nasal cavities in man have been performed easily with its use, and sprays or powders have been advantageously used in inflammation of the nasal cavities. Ophthalmology has derived much benefit by its use ; in 30 716 EDITORIAL. seconds after the introduction of a solution of adrenalin in the eye it produces a complete ischzemia of the conjunctiva, which lasts one hour and a half. Adrenalin in such cases has the advantage of producing no trouble of the cornea, and, be- sides, is without effect on the pupil; it reduces the lachrymal secretion. What greater advantages could be expected for the treat- ment of iritis, glaucoma, etc. Associated with cocaine it has allowed two enucleations of the eye and the arrest of a hemor- rhage secondary to the removal of a cataract without pain and without hemorrhage. Adrenalin possesses many other applications in general therapy, but what I have said is enough to recommend it to veterinarians. How many affections of the eye could be prop- erly and satisfactorily treated, and how many eyes might be saved. The only objection that can be made is the cost ; it is said to be $20,000 a pound ; but as the solutions which are used are very weak, the objection is considerably reduced. *K *K THE QUESTION OF THE USEFULNESS OF VIVISECTION seems to be again the order of the day, and under the heading of ‘‘ Is Vivisection Indispensable?” I resume the answer of Dr. Foveau de Courmelles in one of the medical journals of Paris. A feminine movement is rising against the pain imposed on animals under the pretext of science and of physiological teach- ing. First laughed at, this movement embraces to-day a great number of physicians, and one can now, without being laughed at, ask if, as a question of education, vivisection is indispen- sable? Already, in scientific matter, where doubt seems less permitted, it is discussed ; in toxicology, the non-comparability of man and animal shows that the last gives wrong notions for the first; in anatomy, the cadaver is sufficient ; in physiology, many works to-day left aside show the insufficiency of the in- formation given by the living animals experimented upon. In the domain of education, the impossibility of making every EDITORIAL. 17 student perform vivisection, that no less serious one of showing to all, in a hall, a physiological experiment as well as for a sur- gical operation, do not speak in favor of vivisection. And, again, with anzsthesia, which ought to be resorted to in all cases, where amyone exhibits publicly living animals which they submit to martyrdom under the pretension of showing such or such facts—for all these reasons, those experiments must be stopped; they prove nothing; they are made by anyone, and are public schools for cruelty, and vivisection must have scien- tific limits. The conclusion of Dr. F. de Courmelles is certainly that of every scientific investigator. Vivisection cannot be prevented, but must be regulated, as it is in many countries. If it was al- together forbidden, how could medical science advance ? Then of what use are all of his first objections ? * % * AN UNnusuAL MOpDE OF INOCULATION.—Of course, when rabies is threatening, no precaution is too great to guard against it, and yet, notwithstanding how numerous the cases of inocu- lation, of course bites are the most common; but in any event when the saliva comes in contact with the abraded ‘skin, the danger is there. I have read lately of a case which is certainly very curious, I might say exceptional, and yet belongs to the same general condition. It occurred in some town in the lower part of France. A young woman, whose hands were badly chapped, had touched some food upon which a rabid dog had dropped its infectious saliva. A few weeks later the poor woman was taken with symptoms of hydrophobia, and died. * * * BIBLIOGRAPHIC NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—To close this chronicle, I am pleased to acknowledge the reception of the following, and to address their authors my warmest thanks: From the workers of the Bureau of Animal Industry, “Emergency Report on Surra,” ‘“‘Apoplectic Septiczemia in Gliiekens,” “Scabies im Cattle,” “ American’ Breeds of Beef Cattle,” ‘“‘ Index Catalogue of Medical and Veterinary Zoology,” eS EDITORIAL. ‘Market Classes of Horses,” ‘‘ Miscellaneous Papers on Animal Parasites,’ and also the ‘‘ Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau.” From our friend, Dr. Dalrymple, his article on the ‘Value of Codperation in the Sanitary Control of our Periodic Epizootics of Anthrax,” published in the New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal. From Dr. Samuel S. Buckley the cata- logue of the Maryland Agricultural College. And, finally, a “ Veterinary Pharmacopceia of Bazaar Drugs,” by Dr. J. D. E. Holmes, which contains a long list of indigenous plants of India used in veterinary practice, with their scientific names and their vernacular synonyms, their indications, and doses, etc.-—a most interesting little work. Asi TO ENFORCE THE NEW YORK LAWS. At last the Empire State veterinarians are in position to realize the benefits of the excellent laws to protect the public and themselves which were passed several years ago, and which they have permitted to become inoperative through their su- pineness and indifference. The REVIEW has felt a certain amount of responsibility in the matter, as the organ of the pro- fession of the State, and has allowed no opportunity to pass wherein it saw a chance to draw the attention of its New York readers to the condition that was rapidly developing. Men without legal qualification were becoming emboldened through freedom from molestation, and were undertaking the preroga-. tives of regular practitioners. It is self-evident that the longer they are permitted to perform such functions the more difficult it will be to secure their withdrawal or prosecution, should they insist upon standing trial. It is, therefore, with genuine satis- faction that the REVIEW notes the action of the New York State Veterinary Medical Society at its annual meeting in Sep- tember, when it unanimously adopted a resolution instructing the President to appoint a Prosecuting Committee of three to take up this matter. In doing so the action of the Society was not half-hearted ; it did not indulge in meaningless platitudes ; but it disposed of the question in the only way that seemed EDITORIAL. rate feasible, and the one which presents the greatest chances of success. It is mandatory that the Prosecuting Committee shall, when supplied with funds for that purpose, engage competent counsel, whose duty it shall be to proceed to any section of the commonwealth that the committee directs, and there bring to trial any offender against whom sufficient evidence can be secured to give promise of a successful prosecution. The com- mittee is to operate under authority of the Society, and the evi- dence submitted by practitioners in good standing will be col- lected by it prior to submission to the counsel, and if there is a fair prospect of a successful issue he will be instructed to pro- ceed to the locality and perfect the case for trial. This will, of course, require a considerable sum of money, but to the large number of practitioners in the State it will be merely nominal, and it is expected that a few vigorous prosecu- tions will put an end to the offences. The Society’s share of the fines will go a long way toward reimbursing it, and in the end the expense will be very light. At first it was suggested that each member should be as- sessed a sum sufficient to establish the requisite amount; but it was shown that this arrangement would be unfair to the mem- bers and discourteous to the practitioners of the State who are not associated with the Society ; and as the effort being made © is for the benefit of all, every licensed man should have an op- portunity to make a voluntary contribution. Some veterinarians are in position to be more liberal than others, and they should have the opportunity to subscribe as much as they are pleased to give, while those who are less fortunate should not be de- barred from the privilege of contributing what they can con- veniently spare. There are about eight hundred (800) regis- tered veterinarians in the State; but it is more than probable that not more than six hundred (600) are in active practice, and who would be directly benefitted by the efforts of the com- mittee. If each one would subscribe the small sum of five dol- lars ($5.00) it would make a splendid fund of three thousand ($3090) dollars, which would be all-sufficient to do the work in 720 EDITORIAL. a prompt and complete manner. But it can hardly be hoped that all will respond to the committee’s appeal, and so it would be well for those who can do so to increase the amount of their offerings to ten ($10) dollars, which will offset some of those who fail to send in, as well as to replace the deficiency in cases where a smaller amount than the sum first mentioned is pledged. Everyone, therefore, is thus enabled to give according to his ability. The REvIEw feels that the undertaking can and will be a perfect success, and will start the fund by a subscription of twenty-five ($25) dollars, which the committee can have upon notification. A SAD EMPHASIS of the precautions which veterinarians should exercise in the many surgical operations which daily practice imposes is given elsewhere in this number by the death of young Dr. Petty, of North Carolina, who was performing a tenotomy for the cure of stringhalt, when he was violently thrown upon the ground and fatally injured. IN answer to a Western correspondent, we beg to say that the editors of the REVIEW reserve the right to reject an article sent to it for publication when in their judgment it lacks the merit of originality or other value than being a true copy of someone else’s writings. When an alleged “author” seeks to gain publicity by indulging in flagrant and brazen plagiarism, the waste-basket is the proper course for the manuscript to take, unless return postage accompanies it. THE editor of the REVIEW, in writing to a valued collabora- tor, thanking him for a splendid illustrated original article (which will begin in the December number) said : “‘ We can in- sure you the largest number of veterinary readers ever held by a veterinary publication in this country.” We add in reference to the character of the journal referred to, the words of a West- ern reader: “J have read the REVIEW since Volume X, and all other journals published in this country, together with several EDITORIAL. 721 foreign ones, and I unhesitatingly, assert that for filling the veter- inary field in all its phases (from the heaviest scientific articles to the news of the profession), the REVIEW accomplishes the ob- ject with credit to herself and the profession which she so well represents.” We simply reiterate that the REVIEW is just what — the profession makes it ; all the credit is theirs, and we believe that they are producing a very creditable magazine. ‘IN medicine, we make more mistakes by not looking than by not knowing.”—(S77 William Gull.) THE ONTARIO VETERINARY COLLEGE opened its session on Oct. 15, with a lecture by Principal Smith. A large class of students were present from all parts of North America, and some from Great Britain. MOLASSES AS A FOOD FOR HorsEs is being tested in many stables in New York and Brooklyn, largely through the promi- nence given to the subject by the excellent paper read before the meeting of the New York State Society by Dr. George H. Berns, which was published in the October REVIEW. We know of a single instance where a young coach horse, purchased a year ago, and which remained thin and spiritless ever since, despite vari- ous efforts to induce an improved condition, when placed upon molassed food, gained flesh and improved in driving qualities so rapidly as to cause the greatest wonderment among those who were cognizant of the experiment. ‘‘ DIPPING SHEEP FOR PROFIT.” —We are in receipt of a let- ter from the Zenner Disinfectant Company, 24 Bates St., De- troit, Mich., in which they say they still have a few copies of “Dipping Sheep for Profit,” which they will be pleased to send, free of charge, to the readers of the AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW. This is a very interesting little volume, containing articles from Prof. Plumb, of Ohio Experiment Station ; Prof. Mumford, of Illinois Experiment Station; Prof. Shaw, of Mon- tana Experiment Station ; Prof. Hickman, of Ohio Experiment Station, and also from John A. Craig, of Iowa; Geo. Allen, of Illinois ;G. Howard Davidson, of New York; Richard Gibson, of Ontario; Geo. Harding, of Waukesha, Wis. It also contains a treatise on scab upon sheep, which is considered a very accur- ate diagnosis and method of treatment for scab. 722 MM. NOCARD AND MOTAS. OW IG UN Agee Pree: CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF CANINE PIRO- PLASMOSE. By MM. Nocarp, oF ALFORT, AND MOTAS, OF BUCHAREST. TRANSLATED BY A. LIAUTARD, M. D., V. M. (Continued from page 594.) PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY. The lesions are so much more accused that the disease has lasted longer. The cadaver is often icteric; the more or less severe yellow tint may be even of a chromic color. The sAleen is often hypertrophied three or four times its normal size, and lays along the hypochondriac region as far as the sternum. Its darker color reddens to the contact of the air ; its consistency is diminished, but not to that of softening ; in the rapid forms those conditions are wanting; but in return, preparations obtained by ‘“‘ frotézs”’ (that is, by passing the ma- terial once gently over the slide) are very rich in hamatozoz. The “ver, engorged with blood, is little changed in appear- ance ; sometimes it has the aspect of a cardiac liver; the blood which escapes, or a section, is always much loaded with para- sitic corpuscles. The biliary bladder, ordinarily distended, con- tains thick, syrupous or granular bile, dark green in color. The digestive mucous membrane is rarely infiltrated and con- gested towards the duodenum. The kzdnveys are ordinarily extremely congested; the cap- sule, easily removed, leaves exposed a great number of petechial spots of various sizes. On section, the cortical portion seems gorged with blood and covered with fine haemorrhagic puncta. The blood which escapes from it is extremely rich in parasites. Often the /wngs contain small apoplectic centres ; in very young animals, which die rapidly, it is almost the rule to ob- serve acute cedema of the lung with abundant slightly reddish spumosities in the bronchii and the trachea. STUDY OF CANINE PIROPLASMOSE. 723 The pericardium contains little bloody or citrine serusity ; it is not.rare to find numerous petechial spots towards the point of the heart or under the endocardium of the left heart. The lymphatic glands are rarely altered. The medulla of bones is almost always the seat of severe con- gestion, which makes it look like that of foetal bone; it is soft, friable and contains a great number of parasitic corpus- cles. The zervous centres present nothing appreciable except a little congestion of the meninges. All the changes of the blood which we have mentioned are found in all post-mortems: the heart and the large blood-vessels contain clots, of little consistency, formed entirely of fibrine floating in reddish serum heavily loaded with hzemoglobin. The histological study of the organs shows that all those le- sions proceed from the extreme distension of the capillary net- work through masses of corpuscles, most of which are gorged with parasites. DIAGNOSIS. Alone the constatation of the intra-globular parasite justifies the diagnosis of piroplasinose. When one is in the presence of a dog, anzemic, with hzemo- globinuria or ictére, which is or has been covered with ticks, the suspicion of the presence of the disease is justified ; the micro- scopic examination. of the blood must be proceeded with, fol- lowing the method we have indicated. If a first examination is negative, it must be repeated two or three days in succession, as the parasites are often in small number in the chronic form. VIRULENT PRODUCTS — MODES OF INOCULATION — INCUBA- TION—RESISTANCE OF THE VIRUS. The parasite exists in the blood; all the vascular tissues can give the disease. We have principally used the blood in our researches; subcutaneous, intramuscular or intravenous inoculation transmits the disease with either form, as long as W224 MM. NOCARD AND MOTAS. the blood used contains parasites ; injection in veins is the most rapid and surest way. The richer in parasites the blood is, the younger the inocu- lated dog, the more severe also shall be the disease produced, and the quicker its development. In all young dogs, a drop of rich blood is sufficient to give a fatal attack ; 1 c.c. is necessary to render adult animals sick. In the slow form of the disease, the blood is much less viru- lent than in the acute, leaving aside the quantity of parasites it may contain ; even when inoculated in large doses, it ordinarily gives only a mild affection. In one of our series of experiments, the initial virus was taken from a dog in convalescence, whose blood still contained parasites ; all the dogs of that series had the mild form of the disease ; none died. . Whatever may be the quantity of inoculated blood, or its richness in parasites, and the mode of inoculation, always a cer- tain time must elapse before the apparition of the first symp- toms ; if systematically, the blood of the general circulation is examined, parasitic corpuscles will scarcely be found before 36 hours ; generally it is after two full days that the parasites ap- pear, even with intravenous injection. If the inoculation has been made in the muscles or under the skin, the inoculation is between five and six days. In acute cases, death occurs in the average, three days after the apparition of the parasites; very young dogs die still quicker, 36 to 4o hours after. If, then, in- oculation has been made into the veins, the animal dies, gener- ally, the fourth or fifth day ; if it has been inoculated under the skin, it may survive nine, ten or eleven days. When the disease assumes the slow form, its duration varies very much; the animal may remain sick 30, 40 and even 60 days. The blood, collected pure, preserved in a cool place (cellar) and in the dark is still virulent after 25 days in winter; we have found it inactive after 14 days in summer. The blood loses its virulency when heated at 50° for one- half an hour, at 45° during one hour, at 44° during one hour STUDY OF CANINE PIROPLASMOSE. 725 and one-quarter ; it is yet virulent after being heated at 43° for one hour and one-half. ETIOLOGY. Nothing has more solid foundation than the part played by ticks in the development of bovine piroplasmoses. The hand-: some experimental researches of Smith and Kilborne, con- firmed by those of Pound, Koch and Ligniéres, have proved that to transmit Texas fever, tick fever, red water, or tristeza, it is sufficient to deposit on the surface of the body of adult bo- vines, coming from uninfected countries, larve born of ticks (Ripicephalus annulatus) having lived on diseased bovines. Since, wherever the same disease has been observed (and its geographical area is immense), a close relation from cause to effece has been established between the apparition of hemo- globinuria and the presence of ticks on the skin of the sick animals. The great analogy which exists between the symptoms of piroplasmoses, whether in dogs or cattle, and specially the al- most identity of the hzematozoa in the two species, suggested the thought of an etiology of similar nature. In all the observations made at Alfort, the sick dogs had been recently covered with ticks ; some had them on still. All those that we have had belong to the species Dermacentor reticulatus. It is probable that this specie is the ordinary agent of trans- mission of the disease, at least in France.* We cannot be pos- itive, as we have not succeeded in infecting dogs by covering them with larvee obtained from female ticks taken from our patients. } * The piroplasmose of the South African dog seems due to a different ixode that Prof, Neuman has recognized as the Hemaphysalis leacht, + The paper of Lounsbury explained our failures: while the larvee of the Azpicepha- lus annulatus may complete its evolution on the same bovine, those of the Hemaphy- salis leachi leave the dog on which they lived, at each brood ; the hatching is completed on the ground or the bedding, the nymph and the adult tick must find a new host to pre- pare themselves for a new brooding or hatching ; besides, it seems that neither larve or nymphs have the power to transmit the disease ; adult ticks alone are pathogenous, It is probable that the Dermacentor reticulatus acts as the Temaphysalis ; as after see- 726 MM. NOCARD AND MOTAS. In alimost all the cases that are known, they were in hunt- ing dogs which had recently hunted in woods or brushes or had been kept in kennels infected with ticks. Contrary to what is observed with the bovine piroplasmose, the very young dogs (from two to twelve weeks) are much more easily infected than adults, and with them the disease assumes a very acute form, always fatal. Specificity of the Parasite.—Morphologically, the heematozoa of dogs is identical to that of bovines. However, it can develop only in the canine organism. We have found it impossible to give the disease or even show the existence of the parasite in the corpuscles of an animal of another species, no matter what mode of inoculation we used (subcutaneous, intramuscular or intravenous), what quantity of blood we inoculated, nor its rich- ness in parasites: bovine, horse, sheep, goat, cat, rabbit, guinea pig, white rat, white mice, and pigeon remained entirely refrac- tory. CULTURES OF THE PARASITE. All our attempts at artificial culture of the haemotozoa of the dog have remained fruitless. Defibrinated dog’s blood, serum very loaded with hzemoglo- bin, blood made uncoagulable by the injection of leech extract in the blood-vessels of a fresh dog, have given no better results than the ordinary media. If defibrinated blood very rich in parasites is placed in a hot chamber at 37°, sometimes an intense phagocytose of the in- fected corpuscles is observed ; the parasites are also seen under- going deep changes ; they are never seen multiplying. What- ever may their initial form be, they rapidly become globular, rounded ; their nucleus becomes central; then, by a kind of condensation or contraction of the protoplasm, they diminish in size until they seem to be reduced to the nucleus only. The same changes occur also in the blood kept to the tem- ing the larvz deposited on the skin of our dogs of experiment get bigger little by little, we would see them disappear all at once before having passed to the state of nymph and be lost on the ground or in the bedding. STUDY OF CANINE PIROPLASMOSE. 127 perature of the room; but they take place more slowly, and it is possible to follow exactly their steps. Already, after five or six days, the parasites are considerably reduced in size and seem to be reduced to the nucleus, surrounded with a thin layer of protoplasm, scarcely colored in very pale blue, while the nu- cleus is of a strong carmin red. After a few weeks, the hamatics are much altered; they seem to have lost the greatest part of their haemoglobin; they take very badly coloring matters and seem to be glued together to form an homogenous sheet, uniformly tinted in very pale orange color, in which the parasites, strong red colored and re- duced to their nucleus, which is surrounded with a very thin layer of scarcely visible protoplasm, are disseminated in great numbers and may give the illusion of a culture. We have made leeches suck the blood of sick dogs, blood very rich in parasites; the leeches, kept in the hot chamber at 22° in water changed every day, have allowed us to examine day by day the changes which occur in the blood collected in this manner; nothing of what we have described before could be observed; already, after fifteen hours, the parasites, still large, have taken a globular form; but they seem to have lost their amceboid motion; the red corpuscles are pale and have a tendency to agglutinate together; the following days, the parasites are seen diminishing in size gradually; after a week, they seem reduced to their nucleus and are disseminated in a kind of intormal stroma, resulting from the agglutination and mixture of the red corpuscles; their number has not in- creased ; these alterations remain identical until the death of the leech, which occurs from the fifteenth to the twentieth day. Then, it seems well that the haematozoa cannot multiply but in a living and appropriated media. CONSECUTIVE IMMUNITY AFTER RECOVERY. All dogs recovered of the natural or experimental disease are hereafter refractory ; they support with impunity the injection of virulent blood in doses far superior to those that are always fatal for the witnesses. 728 MM. NOCARD AND MOTAS. Dog No. 1, recovered of the experimental disease. After two and one-half months, when the red corpuscles have returned to 5,740,000 in number, he receives under the skin 20 c.c. of a blood of which 3 c.c. killa dog witness in 7 days. Examination of the blood made every day, during 25 days has never shown hzematozoa ; the thermic curve has had no elevation. Dog No. 5, teinoculated three months after recovery with intravenous injection with 12 c¢.c. of virulent blood. Once only, the fifteenth day after, very rare parasites were found in the blood ; the dog has never shown signs of sickness ; temperature has remained normal. Dog No. 8 (small size), reinoculated six months after recov- ery, with subcutaneous injection of 5 c.c. of blood very rich in parasites ; its temperature, on the eighth day, went up to 39°, but no hzematozoa were ever found. The same dog has received since, several times, 72 c.c. of virulent blood, without having ever ex- hibited any parasite. Dog No. 12, received two months and one-half after recov- ery 10 c.c. of virulent blood in a vein, and 5.c.c. under the skin ; its temperature remained normal; very rare parasites were found in its blood the second, third and fifth day after the in- oculation ; nothing after. Dog No. 80, cured of a very acute attack of the disease; received two months after 15 c.c. of blood very rich in parasites in the jugular, and 5 c.c. under the skin; he never had fever nor parasites. In all these cases the dog witnesses inoculated at the same time and of the same manner, with much lower doses of the same virus, died in 7~9 days or in 3-5, according to the mode of inoculation. One can observe that immunity obtained by a first attack followed with recovery is altogether solid and lasting. After six months’ recovery dog No. 8 is still refractory. What is the mechanisin of this immunity ? We have already said that in the blood of the sick, specially of those that are going towards recovery, an active phagocytosis STUDY OF CANINE PIROPLASMOSE. 729 was goingon. It iscommon to observe large mononuclears hav- ing absorbed two, three, four and even up to six red corpuscles, all infected ; among these corpuscles, some have already lost their hemoglobin; others take color nearly as well as normal corpuscles ; between these two extremes, one may find inter- mediate stages; the former have their parasites round, very © small, scarcely colored and having an ill-defined outline ; in the others, the parasites, also small and round, are strongly colored and their outlines are neatly marked. This phagocytose goes on also in the depth of organs ; it is observed very brisk on sections of spleen, even in dogs which have died with the acute form of the disease. In each field one may see mononuclears gorged with parasitic corpuscles partly digested ; at times the phagocytosed corpuscles are so numerous that the phagocytes give the illusion of a capillary vessel cut across. Infected hzmatics are always absorbed by the mononu- clears: we have never seen a single corpuscle phagocyted by a polynuclear ; it is, however, probable that polynuclears cooper- ate also to the work of absorbing the parasites free in the plasma ; but we have not seen this in a positive manner. (To be continued.) IN canine distemper, -chafolta in four minim doses admin- istered in a drachm of water about every 2 hours in the acute stages has given the writer most excellent results.—(/. ZL. Quzt- man, M. D. C., Chicago, Ll.) JERSEY JUSTICE.—Judge Garretson, in his recent charge to the Somerset (N. J.) Grand Jury, ruled that where death is caused by horses frightened by a recklessly driven automobile the offending chauffeur may be indicted for manslaughter. Joining this with Judge Dixon’s earlier charge to the Bergen County (N. J.) Grand Jury on similar lines, we have two im- portant judicial opinions agreeing in fixing an adequate penalty for death due to fast automobiling. What was heretofore an “accident,” punishable with a fine which, to a man wealthy enough to own an automobile, was trifling, is thus madea crime to be punished with imprisonment.—(W. 7. ZL.) 730 JAMES LAW. THE GREAT FIELD OF COMPARATIVE MEDICINE. By Pror. JAMES LAw, F. R. C. V.S., IrHaca, N. Y. A Presidential Address delivered before the 12th Annual Meeting of the New York State Veterinary Medical Society, Sept. 9th, 1902, at Brooklyn, N. Y. It is not always best to plume ourselves upon our achieve- ments and the exalted position to which we have attained. It is liable to beget personal and professional pride, which is pro- verbially near to personal disaster. Yet, if we are duly im- pressed with the fact that we know so little, even to-day, and with the immeasurably vast field that still lies open to us for discovery and advancement, it is not unbecoming, and it may be a wholesome tonic and source of encouragement to take a cursory glance over our field of work, and note some of the changes that have taken place within the memory of living man. But no one can confine such a glance to one field of achieve- ment alone. ‘The eye is at once caught and held by the won- ders of modern progress on every side, which have kept pace with each other in every field of human enterprise. The won- ders of achievement of the past half century in every field of science, have immeasurably surpassed those of any antecedent period of the world’s history of many times its duration. If an accomplished man of the early part of the 19th century could return to mortal life, furnished as he was at his exit, he would be made to feel at every step that the world was out of har- mony with his habit of thought and experience. The triumphs of steam and electricity in bringing the most distant parts of the world to his door; the revelations of the telescope and spectroscope in demonstrating the existence and composi- tion of the greater part of the now visible stellar universe, and in creating entirely new cosmic doctrines ; the regular succes- sion of geologic strata and their relics of living forms furnish- ing a historic library of the earth’s past history, and a demon- stration of the successive stages of its building ; the demonstra- tion of light and heat and electricity as forms of energy which THE GREAT FIELD OF COMPARATIVE MEDICINE. 731 may be made mutually interchangeable, and through which all the energies of the universe appear to be continually main- tained ; the exhibition of the Rontgen light rays penetrating the most opaque organic matter, and showing the existence, position and form of the inorganic substance, imbedded in its deepest recesses; the responsiveness of given chemical com- pounds to light, through which we obtain the now common- place but perfect photographic pictures of solid objects; the power of charging given bodies with light or electric energy, to be given off by slow degrees for useful ends; the still more wonderful power of certain products—radium polonium—of radiating light indefinitely without the preliminary charging of them from a previously radiant source; the transmission of electric messages, without solid conductor, through the ether for hundreds of miles, to be caught up and turned into words and thought by a receiver rightly attuned to their vibrations ; the submarine ship; the dirigible flying machine; these are but a few of the more obvious advances that crowd in upon the average mind that is in no sense specialized in any one of these fields. To the scientist of 1800 these, and the thousand other less obtrusive, but not less real, of the 19th century triumphs, would come with a force that would be perfectly overwhelming. When we turn to the advances in matters connected with medicine, the wealth of example is to us even more embarras- sing. I can note but a very few of the salient points in which the present differs from the past. When I took to the study of medicine the old days of vene- section had not quite passed ; every physician carried and used his lancet, and no veterinarian could get along without his fleam and blood stick. Every active inflammation, if met in its early stages, was held by many to be benefited by the free ab- straction of blood. In Southern Europe, the practice was even more firmly rooted; under the then prevailing doctrines of Bronssais, bleeding was advocated coup sur coup time and again in the same attack, any increase of pulse, breathing and mouth temperature being a warrant for -a new abstraction. 732 JAMES LAW. Bronssais himself is reputed to have bled the babe at the breast and the old man of seventy. A number of years later, the cel- ebrated Italian statesman, Cavone, was held to be literally bled toa hopeless and fatal condition. By my time, however, the old and celebrated British physicians had become rather ashamed of their former excesses in this line, and the doctrine was al- ready current that the type of disease had changed from a sthenic to an asthenic one, and that the former free depletions were not only not called for, but were in most cases absolutely injurious. Why the type should have changed in Great Britain and not in France and Italy was not fully explained. Some of the incorrigibles and disloyal ones had a rankling suspicion that the violence of the disease in former years was in no small de- gree due tothe energy of the treatment applied. In any case, the bent spring rebounded, and it flew so violently to the other side, that the practitioner could hardly be made to confess that he knew of the existence, much less the use, of the instruments of venesection. To-day we are somewhat less prejudiced on either side. We recognize that no agency is more prompt and telling in its ac- tion than a diminution in the solids of the blood ; for the water is soon supplied anew, and we have secured a transient abate- ment of suddenly induced plethora, a strong impression on the nervous system, and indirectly on circulation, nutrition, calori- fication, and the many recondite processes of cell production, and destruction of metabolism, of hemolysis, of leucocytosis, diapedisis, of phagocytosis, and of chimiotaxis, positive or nega- tive. If our theories are more complex, they are to-day based on a wider knowledge, and if we can no longer use the lancet as a panacea for all inflammatory, and many other diseases, we have intelligent views as to the small number of cases in which we can still draw on its use with striking advantage. In the middle of the last century sedative treatment was the rule ; calomel and opium held a high place in the treatment of inflammatory affections, and the reliance upon it was so strong THE GREAT FIELD OF COMPARATIVE MEDICINE. 733 that it was naturally pushed to excess, and cases of mercurial salivation were frequently in.evidence. To-day we still esteem calomel as a valuable antiseptic of the alimentary tract, favoring at the same time elimination from the whole chylo-poietic sys- tem, to say nothing of its influence on metabolism and nutri- tion, but we are no longer in danger of using it as a routine treatment, or of pushing its use to the extent of producing mer- curialism. A still more potent sedative was found in tartar emetic, which in combination with febrifuge diuretics was used as a routine treatment in febrile and inflammatory cases, for both man and beast. Here again we had an agent of great potency, especially in the carnivora and omnivora, which acted not only on the nervous system and indirectly on the skin and mucous membranes, quieting, relaxing, stimulating perspiration, but with an influence on the great liver and digestive functions. No doubt it oftentimes assisted wonderfully in abating the high nervous tension and inviting that resumption of secretions which was attended by a favorable crisis or lyssis. But, the blind re- liance upon it as a routine treatment is gone, and when we now prescribe it, it is only tosecure some definite result of its physio- logical action, and that accomplished, it is dropped from the prescription. We might canvas other agents in the same way, but time presses and I must let these stand as examples of a change at once radical and rational. One great danger of to-day is that we should overlook the real worth of medicinal agents and methods that were the standards of the great men of the past, and in so doing put from us much of the legacy they have left us. In my view of the matter wisdom lies in a certain respect for their methods, which had after all a substantial basis, so that while entirely loyal to the advances of recent time, we should still stand ready to judicially pass on the medical lore of the past and make a right use of it in those cases in which it can be applied to ad- vantage. 734 JAMES LAW. The ordinary diseases of bones in animals were formerly looked upon mainly as the result of mechanical injuries, and ringbones, splints, and spavins were explained on the grounds of blows, concussions, sprains, and the like. To-day we look deeper, recognizing the bearing of heredity ; varying individual and family nutrition ; the quality and tone that comes from ap- propriate diet and usage, and the lack of these with unsuitable food and disuse ; the influence of the poison that is found in the magnesium limestone and of the impaired nutrition which comes in constitutional diseases. In short, to us an ostitis or periostitis is not simply a local inflammation to be subdued, but also, in many cases, a constitutional infirmity, which must be corrected if we would make a permanent cure. But in the whole field of medicine no advance has been so fundamental and fruitful as the introduction of microbian pa- thology. Asalink with the past, you have before you one who sat under the instruction of a man who even denied the exist- ence of infection in epizodtic diseases. William Dick, the founder of the Edinburgh Veterinary College, was in some re- spects a great man, according to his light. But in some lines his light was but gross darkness. Following Sydenham, he attrib- uted all epizodtic diseases to general causes, thermic, atmo- spheric, electrical, telluric, which assailed all animals alike, and to which those only succumbed which were at the time attuned to the morbid influence. For him rabies was the mere result of a general influence, and in his lectures he related how a rabid dog had licked a sore on his hand without producing the slightest evil result. For him, lung plague was the result of inclement weather, exposure, poorly ventilated buildings and the like, while rinderpest took its start from impaction of the third stom- ach, as a consequence of feeding on dry, fibrous, weathered and innutritious food. Dick stood long and loyally by his colors, logically applying his doctrines to all epizodtic diseases; he bore up bravely through the invasion of aphthous fever and lung plague, and it was only when the deadly rinderpest swept over the island that the old man, full of years and honors, had THE GREAT FIELD OF COMPARATIVE MEDICINE. 730 the chagrin to see his whole doctrine fall to pieces under the dread logic of facts. The doctrine in question found in Dick at that time its most faithful exponent under all circumstances, and as applied to all epizootics, but others clung tenaciously to general causes in the case of a number of communicable affections. Henri Bouley, of Alfort, a grand man, physically and mentally. a man who never touched a subject but to render it attractive, may be adduced as a striking example. Glanders was at that time recognized in England as contagious in all its forms and stages, even the indomitable Dick excluding it from his list of epi- zootic diseases due to general conditions. But in France con- tagion was accorded to acute glanders only, the chronic cases being held to be entirely free from infectious qualities. On both sides of the Channel the disease was attributed to general mismanagement, and poor hygiene, as was tuberculosis at the same date. I have heard the silver-tongued Bouley discourse learnedly, and to himself conclusively, on the development of glanders from the impurities of stable air, insufficient or injuri- ous food, cold, damp, and, above all, from over work, the creatin, creatinine and other morbid products retained in excess within the system, laying the foundation of the deadly morbid processes. The results of the two doctrines were not a little remarkable. In Great Britain it was rather rare to see a glandered horse, while in the Veterinary School at Alfort they were daily on ex- hibition. In the English army glanders was virtually unknown, and the occurrence of a single case was held to reflect seriously on the regimental veterinarian, while in the French army, 9 per cent. per annum became victims of this disease. But even when contagion was recognized, the mystery con- tinued, as to the actual agent by which the transmission took place. This ignorance was cloaked under such vague and spec- ulative terms as “‘ miasen,”’ “ humor,” “ virus,” and later, ‘‘ mor- bid functions in cells,” and pathogenic “ bioplasen.”’ It was only when Pasteur in his researches on alcoholic fer- mentations demonstrated the facts that such fermentations and 736 JAMES LAW. even putrefactions were the direct consequence of the multi- plication in the liquids of particular living organisms or fer- ments, that the foundation had been laid for a true doctrine of contagion. Lister, at that time assistant surgeon to the Edinburgh Sur- gical Hospital (and whose lectures I then availed myself of) conceived the idea that the fermentative and putrefactive changes in wounds, and notably the terrible hospital gangrene, must be due to similar ferments, and therefore preventable. He pursued his research for seven years, and in 1867 was enabled to report the demonstration of the truth of his convictions. It was years, however, before it made headway in other lands. Guerin, for example, taking the lead in Paris in 1871, but very soon the scourge of the hospital came to be held as a thing of the past, and patients went to the operating table with a hopefulness and confidence that had never before been known. Prior to Lister’s researches, compound fractures and gunshot wounds were most dangerous contingencies, and most opera- tions involving the opening of the abdomen, the cranium or the chest were considered very redoubtable, whereas to-day they are undertaken light-heartedly and in a most hopeful spirit. And yet long before Lister’s day the castration of females had been generally practiced in different countries, often by others than veterinarians (by gelders and shepherds) with almost invar- iable success, and the trephining of the cranium for ccenurus was a common and often a successful practice with veterinarians. The danger lay more in the concentration of the infection in great hospitals than in the dangerous nature of the lesion by it- self. The virtual disappearance of hospital gangrene and other wound infections from army and city hospitals is one of the most splendid monuments that could be raised to the memory of aman. No matter if we have largely discarded Lister’s an- tiseptic surgery, substituting wherever possible aseptic treat- ment, the same principle underlies both, and it is to Lister that we must attribute the planting of the germ that has borne such a splendid fruition. THE GREAT FIELD OF COMPARATIVE MEDICINE. 737 As Lister first applied the great discovery of Pasteur to surgery, so Davaine may be said to have done for medicine, and it is an important fact that it was in the line of medicine of an- imals. Pollender in 1849 had found multitudes of very fine rods in the blood of anthrax-stricken cattle. Davaine confirmed this a year later, and Brauel seven years later still. But it was only in 1863 and asa result of the Pasteur discovery that it suddenly occurred to Davaine that this was the true cause of the disease. But anthrax was still a very indefinite quantity. By a reference to the literature of the time, it will be seen that it included black quarter, malignant cedema, hog cholera, swine plague, swine erysipelas, the various hemorrhagic septiceemias, and even Texas fever. It was only slowly and by patient work in the field and laboratory that these various independent affec- tions were differentiated and each assigned its place according to its true microbian cause and pathology. The final demon- stration has come in every case through the discovery of the mi- crobe, and gradually veterinary pathology has been enriched by the addition of a long list of animal diseases, all having much in common and all due to different microbian causes. The laboratory study of these affections has not only given us the demonstrations of this' large class of maladies, but it has con- tributed largely to the identifying of many deadly forms of poisoning, by toxins, ptomaines, and enzymes, and again by mineral agents like powdered soaps added to swill, and which have often proved as deadly to the herds poisoned in this way as the most destructive forms of haemorrhagic septicsemias or genuine swine fevers. The localization of such outbreaks, their confinement strictly to certain filthy enclosures, to herds fed in a particular way, and the absence of the specific germ of the disease which is suspected to exist, will usually furnish the crucial test, and differentiate for scientific and for practical san- itary purposes, affections, which in time past would have been classed together as one common malady. So far as these mala- dies are concerned we can to-day place veterinary sanitary science on a sound basis, always provided that its administrators 738 JAMES LAW. are selected for their knowledge of modern animal pathology, and are not mere office-holders appointed in recognition of per- sonal claims of other kinds. Closely connected with these affections, are rinderpest, sheep pox and lung plague, which, since the extinction of the lat- ter in this republic, we have come to think of as plagues of the Old World, which can never more directly interest the favored stock-owners of America. But our acquisition of the Philip- pines has brought us into direct contact with Asia, the ances- tral home of animal plagues, and the war in those islands has apparently been the immediate cause of the wide and deadly ex- tension of the plague of the Steppes into the herds of the Philippines. Fortunately for our home herds, our vigilant Bureau of Animal Industry was quick to see and meet the dan- ger, in securing an order of exclusion of all cattle and pigs coming from the Philippines, from the United States and any of its dependencies. But as veterinarians of the imperial country, we can no longer afford to ignore the rinderpest of the Old World. It is now domiciled on land which in the progress of events has come to bea part of our nation, and we are called upon in right and justice to assist the islanders in ridding themselves of a scourge, of which our interference was in a large measure the occasion. Manila must look to America for the means of ex- tinction of this plague which now threatens the ruin of her cat- tle industry, and the American veterinarian must stand ready to take up the work intelligently and to carry it through to a successful issue. No cattle plague is more redoubtable and deadly, and yet, for those who may be charged with its extinc- tion, the prospect is much more hopeful than when we are dealing with a pestilence which is slower in its progress, more liable to prove occult in its course, and in dealing with which every step is liable to be clogged and even blocked by a badly informed and often prejudiced legislative body. In a depend- ency like the Philippines, under an intelligent centralized au- thority, there is a better prospect of the adoption of effective = = THE GREAT FIELD, OF COMPARATIVE MEDICINE. 739 measures of extinction, and of carrying these through without wavering or hesitation to a splendid success. If this can be ac- complished, and if the object lesson can be taken in the right spirit by the United States, encouraging them to grapple ef- . fectively with their own indigenous plagues, the blood and treasure expended on these distant islands may be repaid many times over in the future prosperity of our animal industry. Let us now glance for a moment at tetanus. Until compara- tively recently no one scarcely suspected that tetanus was an infectious disease. It was believed to be the result of local ir- ritation and nervous excitement, and there is yet a widespread idea that any violent pain is likely to bring on the affection. This received countenance from the frequency with which it followed deep wounds of the palms and soles in man, the feet, tail and testicles in the horse, from lesions of unyielding fibrous tissues, and from gunshot and bayonet injuries. The fact was overlooked that the affection often started during or after cica- trization, when the real irritation hadin a great measure passed. Since the discovery of the bacillus of Nicolaier, we know that this aneerobic germ flourishes in deep, closed wounds only, under the skin, fascia or tendon, therefore in stab and bullet traumas par excellence, in which there is abundant exudate outside all circulation of blood or oxygen, and that it will not invade the circulating blood in which oxygen 1s relatively abundant. We are no longer in the dark, left to meet it blind- ly by antispasmodics alone, but we know how to prevent it by asepsis and antisepsis of wounds, by exposing deep dirty wounds to the action of the air, by dressing with antiseptics the navel of the new born, and by ridding the subject of intestinal worms which make infection easy for the bacillus. Formerly a large number of young animals died of purulent arthritis and diarrhceal diseases very shortly after birth, the af- fections being attributed to weakness of constitution and faulty feeding. ‘To-day we place the finger on the source of trouble in the infective omphalitis from which the septic microbes find their way in the blood to produce inflammatory changes, ne- 740 JAMES LAW. crosing degenerations and secondary abscesses, in the sg lungs, joints and alimentary canal. Our herds of horses and cattle alike and our flocks suffered largely from abortions, which were attributed to constitutional infirmities, faulty feeding, mechanical injuries, and emotional disorders. Now we know that different infectious microbes liv- ing in the genital passages are largely the cause of the trouble and that the malady is just as amenable to treatment and pre- vention by sanitary precautionary measures as are any of the dis- — eases that have been long recognized as due to contagion. Many of us can recall when actinomycosis was known as cancer, clyers, spina ventosa, or osteo-sarcoma: terms that served to cloak our ignorance of its real cause and pathology. To-day we know that it is simply a culture in the living tissues of the beautiful ray fungus of actinomycosis ; we can trace its secondary causes in the sowing of its seed in wounds and nat- ural openings and recesses, and cannot only ward off its ap- proaches, but in all moderate cases we can subject it to see LS treatment, medical and it may be surgical as well. Dourine has been known in Europe since 1796 and in 1882 was introduced into Illinois in the body of a French horse. Until very recently, however, it was very much misunderstood. Bouley, Trasbot and others accepted the fiction that it is syphilis com- municated from man to horse, and propagated thereafter as an equine disease. Others considered it as glanders affecting the genital and nervous systems. ‘To-day we recognize its cause in the ‘rypanosoma equiperdum, an infusorial parasite which lives in the blood and genital passages, and can be successfully trans- ferred to the dog. Surra, or rot, of the hot rainy season in Hindustan and neighboring countries, like rinderpest, now threatens us through our Philippine dependencies. This affection of solipeds, camels and elephants, was sup- posed to be a form of remittent or bilious fever allied to that of man, but is now traced to another trypanosoma (7. Evans?), differing from that of dourine among other things in that it is THE GREAT FIELD OF COMPARATIVE MEDICINE. 741 transferred from animal to animal by blood-sucking flies and other insects. The nagana of East Africa, due to another trypanosoma ( 7: Brucet), and which is not infectious to elephants, was only known late in the last century and was long attributed to a special poi- son instilled into the wound by the tsetse fly (Gloss?xa Morsi- tans), which is now known to convey the trypanosoma. Here we have a new class of infectious diseases introduced into our veterinary literature, one of which (dourine) has already gained a foothold in the United States, and a second (surra) threatens us through our Eastern dependency. It may be but the turning of a new leaf, as other animals suffer habitu- ally in certain countries from trypanosoma; a parasite of this kind (7. Lewzsz) is common in rats in Asia and Europe; an- other invades the systems of the dog in South Africa and Europe, and certain inscrutable diseases of South America and elsewhere are quite suggestive of this class of parasite. In 1888 Starcovici found pyriform organisms in the blood globules of Roumanian cattle the victims of haemoglobinuria the following year ; what appeared to be the same parasite was found by Th. Smith in the blood globules of cattle suffering from the corresponding disease in America—Texas fever. Later it was found in Australian victims, and still later in the tristeza of South America. Thus was another of the most deadly infec- tions of animals traced to its true source. But the advance of knowledge did not end here ; shrewd observers, as early as 1868, had noticed that Texas fever never occurred in the absence of the cattle tick, and in 1889 our colleague, Dr. F. L. Kilborn, was so impressed with this fact that he secured permission to put it to the test under the auspices of the Bureau of Animal Industry. His expectations were confirmed in every particular and his results were soon endorsed by observations in all parts of the world in which this disease was known to prevail. To- day the bearing of the piroplasma by the tick is perhaps the most important fact in connection with the disease; it is the pivot upon which prevention revoives, and it bids fair to be the 742 JAMES LAW. foundation on which the final extinction of the malady will be based. The doctrine of tick causation has born fruit in other direc- tions. The louping ill of sheep in Northern Europe has been traced to the ticks in the pastures, and what was long a mystery to flock master and veterinarian alike has been now cleared up and a substantial basis for prevention furnished. The agency of flies and other insects in the transmission of chicken cholera, typhoid fever, anthrax and other diseases in summer has been demonstrated, and certainly has taken the place of speculation in matters essential to sanitary policy. - In the same way at every step we have learned by the agency of birds wild and tame in the transmission of infection, some- times as being themselves the victims of the pathogenic germs, sometimes when they become mere bearers from feeding in the same troughs with the sick animals, and other times still be- cause they are devourers of carrion, and feed upon the carcasses of the victims of a pestilence. In their turn the vermin which approach and feed in our stables, stock-yards and parks have to be taken into account as infection-bearers. Thus the field of the veterinarian has been continually widening. An acquaint- ance with the infinitesimally small organisms in both the ani- mal and vegetable kingdoms, and as far as possible jwith their life history, became a szme gua non of modern practice. In this microbian pathology is involved the whole subject of immunization and serum therapy. Into this fascinating sub- ject I cannot enter here, further than to say that immunization is mainly based on our power of investing the leucocytes and tissue nuclei with the habit of producing defensive products, which are inimical to the invading microbes, or chemically neutralize their toxins, while serum therapy utilizes the same antitoxins ready formed and which introduced into the system in full doses will operate at once, without waiting for the work of the leucocytes in forming these defensive serums. In their action the two differ essentially in this respect, that when the leucocytes have, by contact with a non-fatal dose or doses of the —_- —— THE GREAT FIELD OF COMPARATIVE MEDICINE. "43 toxic matters of the microbes, been habituated to the production of the requisite amount of antitoxins, the habit remains, and for a length of time the animal is immune from the effect of any ordinary dose ‘of the microbe. When on the other hand the antitoxins alone are introduced into the system, the microbes, and their toxins are neutralized, and the animal protected from .the commencing or pending attack, but the leucocytes are not stimulated to produce their own antitoxins, and the moment the defensive injection has been used up, any toxins that may be present can resume their sway. The adaptability of these systems varies greatly in the case of different microbes and subjects. In one disease the new di- rection given to work of the leucocytes has an effect as lasting as life: in another, a second attack may follow in a very short time. The first is a fit subject of immunization: the second is not. Again, in one disease the microbe can be robbed of its vitality or virulence by different agencies, which do not destroy the toxins: in another the toxins are more readily destroyed than the microbe, so that the training of the leucocytes to the defensive habit becomes impossible by the same method. The principle is largely the same for all, but the modus operand? must vary with the disease and its product. There is no royal road to immunization nor to serum therapy, but working from the same fundamental principles the technic must be worked out independently for each malady. Yet taken as a whole it is a division of the new medicine, and one of the most fruitful branches of the microbian pathology. But we must not confine our attention to the infinitesimal, under the delusion that here only our new pathology bears sway. We must become familiar with the animal kingdom, in order to achieve an intelligent management and control of infections that are transmitted through the instrumentality of the feral fauna. Again, the importance of the animal kingdom has always been recognized in connection with parasitism, but in the past half century the comparatively few parasites, previously es- teemed important in their pathogenesis, have been multiplied 744 JAMES LAW. an hundred fold, and here again a practically new field has been opened up for veterinary study. Some of these parasites are among the most redoubtable and destructive known. Need I name, for I must do no more, the actinomyces, coccidia, strongyles of the lungs and bowels in different animals, the teenize, the botherio cephali, the sclerostomata, filarie, and other blood parasites, the cesophagastomata, the trichinz, the lungualul, the aspergilli, and the acarini, of internal organs in all their species and habitats. But I must not delay on the almost endless list of parasites, even to enumerate their genera. One disease, however, has been so far omitted that it would be almost criminal to leave out of our list. When in 1865 Vil- lemin published the results of his experiments in the produc- tion of tuberculosis by inoculation with the virulent matter of the tubercle it was met by an all but universal opposition. A vulgar opinion in certain localities, and a silent conviction of certain veterinarians, based upon their observations in herds, almost alone coincided with the brilliant French investigator. But this came in an age when authority could no longer crush facts, znd slowly but surely the facts triumphed, and a founda- tion was laid for what must still, after 37 years, be referred to as the future extinction of the most insidious and deadly plague of man and animal. Seventeen years passed ere Koch crowned the work of Villemin by the discovery of the bacillus tubercu- losis, for which the world was now in a measure prepared, and now, after twenty years more, weare still debating the unity or plurality of the tubercle bacillus. Truth travels slowly, but under our modern a fosteriori or scientific method, its final tri- umph cannot be doubted. Already we have learned soine of the variations of the dread bacillus, its lines of easy diffusion, and those that prove difficult and uncertain. And already we see that varieties of this bacillus which have in accordance with their environment assumed habits the most diverse, can be re- stored to one common character even as regards pathogenesis. The stumbling blocks are being gradually removed, and we are daily approaching nearer to the time when for both man and THE GREAT FIELD OF COMPARATIVE MEDICINE. 745: beast tuberculosis shall be shorn of its greatest dangers, and the tribute of one-eighth of humanity and a large proportion of our live stock to the insatiable bacillus shall be reckoned a thing of the past. Gentlemen, I have held your attention too long. I have sought to establish the position that we meet under different auspices than confronted our predecessors. Times have chang- ed, veterinary medicine has changed, and no less our duties have changed. I have hardly touched more than one phase of the mighty transformations of the medicine of the past half century—the new microbian pathology. I would like to add that this pathology and this change are by no means lim- ited to the field of animal plagues, but must be dealt with in the different phases and stages of the majority of what are still to be considered as sporadic diseases. And if we could enter into the allied field of medicine, we would everywhere meet with changes, advances, and demonstrations only less than we find in patho- genic microbiology. The change in conditions demand a change in our attitude and effort ; as a profession we can only hope to retain the con- fidence and support of the public, by showing that we are in full relation and sympathy with the medicine of modern times. In the past the veterinary profession of New York have had the humiliation of seeing medical i1en and laymen appointed to do work which rightly belonged to the veterinarian, on the alleged ground that, the latter is deficient in the education and skill necessary to fulfil the duties of the place. The profession and the public have alike suffered, and they will continue to suffer more or less, until we can confute our detractors by point- ing to a body of men who are amply trained for this work, and whose fitness is guaranteed by the legal demand of a high standard for entering and practicing the profession. We have to a large extent secured such a standard, one that aims higher than that of any other State inthe union. The main drawback is the illegal entry or practice in the State of those who are not up to the standard required, and who seek to secure the esteem, 746 JAMES LAW. the confidence and all the rights and immunities of those who have entered on practice through the legal doorway. These men are violating the law, they are doing violence to every sense of honor, and they are doing their best to degrade the vet- erinary profession, for by unchallenged practice in the State they are setting a standard in the mind of the stock owner by which the whole veterinary profession is of a necessity graded. By the State law this society is set as a guardian over this matter. The society must nominate the men who shall preside over the examinations for /ecense to practice in New York, and on this society is imposed the duty of authorizing the prosecu- tion of any one who may practice without this license. This duty presses on every veterinarian in the State. If he declines to assume it, he is unfaithful to his profession, he is contributing his influence toward excluding the profession from its rightful field of work and toward the denial of the State and its great live-stock industry of the valuable service which under the statute they have a right to expect. The modern advances in veterinary medicine demand of us new duties, and by the terms of the statute the responsibilities are laid upon our shoulders. The question comes to every member of this society, and to every legal veterinary practitioner in the State, can you be trusted to meet the responsibility laid upon you ? Will you prove yourselves worthy of the highly honorable duties imposed upon you by the law of the commonwealth ? It is to be hoped that before it separates, this society will take decided steps toward the maintainance of the law in its in- tegrity. It is to be further hoped that every member of the society and every legal practitioner in the State, will frown upon, and give his active opposition to any attempt that may be made to make any man a legal practitioner by special enact- ment and in defiance of the existing law and of the regents’ board of veterinary examiners. It need only be added that for the meeting now in session the programme presents a varied list of practical papers and surgical demonstrations, which should call forth the freest dis- THE GREAT FIELD OF COMPARATIVE MEDICINE. "AY cussion. While we are all grateful to the gentlemen whose names are on the programme, their praiseworthy efforts will be largely lost if they fail to draw out the combined wisdom and experience of the hearers as well. In France $3,474,000 is spent every year in the improve- ment of horse breeding. ALTHOUGH the ancients protected the feet of their horses with some covering—usually straw—horseshoes of the kind now known were not in general use until the ninth century. THE Fall DRIVING SEASON.—Never has there been such an array of harness horses of value, ability, fine conformation and general desirability as isin New York to-day. Even Cleve- land, that famed centre of amateur driving, where it is the ex- ception not to possess a trotting horse almost the equal of the best developed racers, cannot produce more animals of reputa- tion than our local ‘light harness brigade.”’ What matters it to the driver, whether the wind blows strong or the air be keen with the first touch of the autumn frost, if he holds in his hand the reins that bring him in touch with a sensitive, intelligent and well bred animal, speeding briskly against the gale, and bringing a glow of health to his owner’s cheeks, and a feeling of enjoyment worth half the profits of a day’s grind at office desk. Ten years ago the harness horse was a comparative stran- ger to the streets of New York. The comparison is made on the basis of the horse ownership of to-day. The Speedway was unfinished and there was no place where a busy man might seize the opportunity for a little relaxation by driving ata brisk gait. A few clung to their roadsters, but many, who were pas- sionately fond of driving, abandoned the sport because of the restrictions placed about it. The business of local dealers suf- fered. ‘The business of the breeder suffered, and through them hundreds of minor employés, for whom there was no occupation, suffered. Now all is changed. ‘There is greater and more sub- stantial prosperity for the horseman than ever there has been, and the benefits are far-reaching. Saturday afteriioon there was a formal opening of the fall driving season in the Speedway. Horsemen were there from every part of the city. Contests took place between animals that are well known and that have records for doing better than the humbler of their contempora- ries. A dinner followed, and the hand of good fellowship was extended in all directions.—(.Vew York Telegram, Oct. 20.) 748 rAIT BUTLEF. NOTES ON A FEEDING EXPERIMENT TO PRODUCE LEUCOENCEPHALITIS IN A HORSE, WITH POSITIVE RESULTS. By Tait BUTLER, STATE VETERINARIAN, RALEIGH, N. C. Throughout veterinary literature, under various names, are to be found numerous references to a disease generally known in this country as ‘‘cerebro-spinal meningitis.” More recently, Pearson has described outbreaks in Pennsylvania and Delaware, reported positive results from a feeding experiment and sug- gested what he considers a more appropriate name, “ forage poisoning.” The writer thinks he has seen this disease in both Iowa and Mississippi, and from his observations and what he has been able to learn from the literature at his command has noted the con- stant absence of marked macroscopic post-mortem lesions in the brain and its enveloping membranes. In fact, the absence of post-mortem lesions sufficient to account for the pronounced clinical phenomena and early death seems to be the most con- stant and characteristic feature of the disease. Early in rgor, while at the Kansas Agricultural College, I also saw a number of cases of that disease which Mayo de- scribed, in 1891, as, ‘‘ epizootic cerebritis,” and which Buckley, of Maryland, has more recently described as ‘“‘acute expizootic leucoencephalitis.” Moreover, during the latter part of Igo1 those counties of North Carolina bordering on Albemarle and Pamlico Sounds were visited by a severe outbreak of this same disease, from which not less than 600 horses died. During the latter part of this outbreak, in the month of December, r1gor, I had an opportunity to study the clinical history and post-mortem lesions of a large number of cases. The disease described by Mayo and Buckley, and which I have seen in Kansas and North Carolina, differs very materially from the ‘“‘cerebro-spinal meningitis” of veterinary. literature and the “‘ forage poisoning ” of Pearson, in that the macroscopic EXPERIMENT TO PRODUCE LEUCOENCEPHALITIS IN A HORSE. 1749 post-mortem brain lesions are constant, extensive and extremely characteristic and confined to the white matter of the cerebrum. This constant essential difference in post-mortem lesions and the less pronounced but important differences in clinical phenom- ena, lead me to suspect that we have, at least, two quite distinct © diseases, due to different (although probably related) causative agents. In a feeding experiment to produce a disease having no char- acteristic post-mortem lesions, the identity of the natural and the experimentally produced diseases must be determined chiefly by the clinical observations, but in a case where the evidence of identical extensive and characteristic macroscopic post-mortem lesions are added there can be no reasonable doubt as to the pos- itive nature of the results. These introductory observations are thought necessary to prevent any misunderstanding as to the identity of the disease under consideration. During the early spring of 1901, a Mr. Avery, living near Wakefield, Kansas, lost, within ten days, four pure-bred Per- cheron horses from acute leucoencephalitis. All exhibited sim- ilar symptoms, and post-mortem examinations revealed the characteristic breaking down of more or less extensive areas in the white substance of one or both cerebral hemispheres. The sanitary condition of the stable and adjacent lots was good. The water supply came from a hillside far above the stable and was beyond criticism. The rough forage, while not of the best quality, was clean and sweet. The grain feed for three or four weeks immediately preceding the outbreak of the disease con- sisted of corn meal. The corn from which this meal was made, when examined in the crib, was found to be in very bad condi- tion, probably ten or fifteen per cent. being rotten, mouldy and worm-eaten. On our advice the feeding of this corn was discontinued, and although the other conditions remained the same, no further loss occurred. A quantity of the worst of this corn was picked out and shipped in sacks a distance of about forty miles to the 750 TAIT BUTLER. Agricultural College at Manhattan. A small quantity of the chaff blown out by the sheller, in which was a considerable amount of light and diseased corn, was also secured. It was all kept in a dry place until July 25th, 1901, when the corn in the ear was ground, cob and all, preparatory to feeding. On July 16th two healthy colts were purchased for the feed- ing experiment. They were of the light harness class and about twenty-three months old. They were confined in a dry lot higher than the surrounding country, furnished with shelter that protected them from the sun and rain and supplied with hydrant water from the town waterworks. From July 16th to July 25th, inclusive, they were each fed 1% kilos of ear corn, or corn and cob meal, twice daily. From July 26th to August 19th inclusive, they were each fed 134 kilos of the suspected corn and cob meal, twice a day, and from August 3d to the 13th they received in addition, one feed a day—mixed with the corn and cob meal—of the chaff from the sheller previously referred to, in all amounting to about 30 kilos. The supply of suspected corn and cob meal having been consumed these colts were fed on August 20th and the morning of August 21st (three meals) a quantity of good marketable shelled corn. One of the colts sickened and died at 11.40 a. M. August 21st. During the first ten days of the experiment each. colt re- ceived daily about 5 kilos of alfalfa hay of the previous year’s crop and for the balance of the time each had daily about 6 kilos of new bottom land prairie hay. The writer left Kansas August 15th and the following ob- servations were made by Mr. A. T. Kinsley, M. S., Assistant in the Veterinary Department of the Kansas Agricultural College: “The colt that died August 21st at I1.40 A. M. was apparently in his usual health at 7.15 a. M. At 8.15 A. M. having become entangled in the wire fence he was assisted to his feet, but staggered away to the right until he came in contact with the fence again. At 11.40 he died and the post-mortem was made at 1p. M. ‘The internal organs were carefully examined, but EXPERIMENT TO PRODUCE LEUCOENCEPHALITIS IN A HORSE. 7dl1 no lesions touud except a tew ‘grayish white blotches on the liver.’ ‘The left cerebral hemisphere was soft to the touch, and when cut through, the white matter was broken down exten- sively, nearly the entire hemisphere being involved. On sec- tion, the right cerebral hemisphere only showed a small broken down area.” The time which elapsed from the beginning of the feeding of this suspected corn to the death of the animal, between three and four weeks, corresponds very closely with my observations in the natural outbreaks of the disease. THE most curious cemetery is situated at Luxor, on the Nile. Here repose the mummified bodies of millions of sacred cats. Their remains are side by side with the bodies of kings and emperors in mausoleums. For SUN-STROKE, INSOLATION OR THERMIC FEVER.—In addition to the usual external application of ice and cold water administer internally the following: RK Acetanilidi, = iss; spts. ammon. arom., Zviij. M. Sig. One ounce in a pint of water every 2, 3 and finally every 4 hours, according to height of tem- perature. In cases of complete exhaustion one drachm of ace- tanilidi to each ounce of aromatic spts. of ammonia adminis- tered every hour for 3 or 4 doses is preferable ; a double dose may be given for the first dose if temperature is. 110 degrees or higher.—(£. Z. Quitman, M. D. C., Chicago, Til.) A NEw T24NIAFUGE.—The Arte Medica for August 24, cites the following from the Gzornale di farmacia, di chimica e dt scienzé affint, 1902, as a “certain and innocuous teeniafuge for [human] adults”: BR Black copper oxide, 6 grammes (go grains); calcium carbonate, 2 grammes (30 grains); levigated white bole, 12 grammes (180 grains); glycerin, q. s. M. ft. pil cxx. Two pills to be taken four times daily, avoiding acid foods. On the last day a dose. of castor oil should be taken. THE “amphitheater clinic” at which the instructor oper- ates and only tolerates the student to ‘look on” has been sup- planted at the Chicago Veterinary College by a surgical clinic at which the senior students are the operators and the junior students are the assistants. Twelve hundred operations on liv- ing subjects under the influence of chloretone were performed during the session of 1g01-1902.—(Z. A. Werillat, MW. D. V., V. S., an C. V. C. Quarterly Bulletin.) G52 A. H. BAKER. THE PATHOGENESIS OF EQUINE PNEUMONIC EM- PHYSEMA. By, Prom. A.B BAKER, V.S., CHICAGO) MinE: A Paper read before the 39th Annual Meeting of the American Veterinary Medica Association, Sept. 2-4, 1902. Considering the fact that this disease materially injures the victim of it, reducing his market value and usefulness, in some cases almost to uselessness, and considering that it is very prev- alent in the Eastern, and increasing in the Western part of this country, it becomes one of the most important subjects for our consideration, and our duty to exert our influence on the farm- ers, to induce them to harvest their fodder at such a time as to reduce the indigestibility of it, and on those having the care of horses to observe better hygiene in the feeding and watering of them to prevent this distressing, and, in all chronic cases, incur- able affection of horses. Pneumonic emphysema isa reflex neurosis due to faulty di- eteticsin 99 per cent. of the cases, the remaining one per cent. being due to previously existing pulmonary affection, viz. : bronchitis. The origin of this reflex neurosis is in the gastric ramifications of the pneumogastric or vagus nerve. This neu- rosis, arising in the stomach, produces morbid anatomy in the lungs primarily and only ; the cardiac complication arises sec- ondarily and consequentially. The gastric manifestations are entirely functional, those of indigestion, among which I may mention thinness of flesh, pot belly, long rough coat, profuse evacuation of gas per ano and the liability to flatulent colic, owing to the distention of the stomach and reduction in quan- tity of the gastric juice. The bowels also become: greatly dis- tended and digestion is so tardy and weak that fermentation of the food is excessive, giving rise to the increased flatus. The disease is induced by a gluttonous appetite ; a poor feeder never has it. ‘The horse with heaves is inclined to eat everything in sight. It is produced by long continued overeating on over- ripe hay. The two kinds of hay that I have had experience THE PATHOGENESIS OF EQUINE PNEUMONIC EMPHYSEMA. 753 with, as causing emphysema, are timothy and red clover. These grasses when left to get too nearly ripe before being cut for hay become very ligneous in their stalks, so much so that the lower half of each stalk is wholly unfit for food for horses. This over- ripe hay fed liberally to horses for weeks or months produces a long continued overdistention of the stomach of the gluttonous feeder; this produces a neurosis of the gastric portion of the vagus, at first hyperzesthesia, followed by enervation, which creeps forward and involves the pulmonary branch, the source of pulmonary inervation, in a neurosthenis that weakens the contractility of the lung substance and lessens its power to ex- pel the tidal air. ‘The disturbance is purely functional at first, manifested by rapid breathing, frequent cough, dilatation of the nostrils and more or less lassitude. If the cause is not removed in the course of three to six months the contractility of the par- enchyma of the lungs becomes impaired, resulting in dilatation of the vesicles, rupture of many into one, atrophy and pallor of their walls. This pallor is due to anzemia of the distended ves- icles, reducing the calibre of the outlet for the blood from the right side of the heart by obliteration, toa greater or less extent, of the capillaries of the pulmonary tissue, leading to the dilata- tion of the right auricle and ventricle. These disturbances are purely functional for two to six months; during this time the disease may be said to be incipient, and is curable under rigid hygienic rules, but if the cause is not removed, the morbid anat- omy soon becomes chronic and incurable, and gives rise to the double expiratory motion of the organs of expiration. ‘The first half of the expiratory act is performed naturally and with ease, but the contractility of the lungs is so seriously impaired that the abdominal muscles are brought into strong contraction to expel the balance of the tidal air. When this is accomplished they relax quickly and drop back spontaneously into their natural positions; then the inspiration takes place normally. This disease is subject to frequent exacerbation of symptoms by overeating and drinking or active work soon after meal, especially if facing the wind. a4 A. H. BAKER. It may be safely said, that pneumonic emphysema never oc- curs in horses at pasture, nor on prairie hay, nor in horses get- ting liberal quantities of oats and correspondingly small quan- tities of hay, nor on timothy and clover that were cut at the proper time. After thus considering the connection between cause and effect, the question of prophylaxis naturally arises. The ques- tion, when is the proper time to cut timothy and clover, suggests itself. In my opinion, it is when the seed isin the milk. In order to catch them in this stage of development they must be cut a day or two after they are in full bloom. Those grasses mature very rapidly, and once they have passed the full bloom period the staiks become woody very quickly, so much so, that if left a week longer, the lower half of the stalk is not only un- fit for food, but actually injurious to the horse that eats it. As a further protection against emphysema and to maintain the stomach in a healthy condition, horses should be fed suf- ficient grain to make it unnecessary to give them more than a moderate amount of hay, and gluttonous feeders should be muzzled after they have consumed their rations to prevent them from engorging themselves on their bedding. The European authors do not recognize the influence of dietetics in the etiology of this disease. The English hint at it, but fail to give it any importance. Professor Law, in Volume I. of his admirable work on “ Veterinary Medicine,” on page 274, says, under causes: ‘‘ This disease is essentially the result of faulty feeding and working, though preéxisting diseases of the air passages and sudden, violent muscular efforts no doubt occasionally contribute to its development.” On page 278 he says: ‘The question arises how a disturbing cause operating directly upon the digestive organs should affect the respiratory in such a marked and permanent manner. It cannot be be- cause of the gastric and abdominal distention, since pregnant mares, though in a state of much greater plentitude, are not thereby rendered liable to broken wind ; and if they have pre- viously suffered from this infirmity, the symptoms are less THE PATHOGENESIS OF EQUINE PNEUMONIC EMPHYSEMA. Lao marked when breeding.” ‘Then he refers to a theory advanced by Dupuy, that certain disturbances of the stomach and intes- tines so impair the function of the vagus nerve that the lungs are affected, at first functionally and afterwards structurally, ‘ but no theory is advanced as to the cause of this disturbance resulting in emphysema. The point I wish to emphasize is that long continued distention of the stomach, not by any par- ticular kind of food, but by food of a particular quality, is the cause of emphysema, and this particular quality is found in the rank growth of the grasses above mentioned on the rich soil of our Western prairies, in which case it is specially necessary that it should be cut before the stalks become woody. ESERINE IN Corics.—To those of the profession who use eserine sulphate (and every one should use it) we advise that you purchase it in one and one-half (114) grain ¢zdes, this being the usual dose, and thus it is always fresh and active. If you have become dissatisfied with the action of this drug in the tab- let form or in the larger containers, we suggest you try it agazx in the 1% grain tubes.—(£. Z. Quztman, M. D. C., Chicago, 71) NEW ZEALAND authorities are determined at all costs to put a stop tothe importation of disease germs iuto that country. Recently a law was passed providing that bones either in the piece or ground up for manure must be disinfected and thor- oughly sterilized at the port of embarcation. Dr. Gilruth chief veterinary official for New Zealand states that anthrax has been imported in ground bones, an outbreak of that malady in New Zealand having been traced back to a shipment of this sort. THE Cat’s TENACIOUS HOLD ON LIFE.—Chicago, /ll., Oct. 78.—Strange noises, coming apparently from a supposed solid brick foundation in the northeast corner of the new Post Office Building, puzzled workers upon the structure for the last six weeks. The mystery was solved by the removal of a portion of the foundation and the discovery of a black and white cat in a space barely large enough to permit of the entrance of its body. As a layer of rock was removed the cat leaped out, and three workmen who stood near fell back in surprise. The cat had been lying in the little space for six weeks. No one knows upon what it subsisted, as the workmen were unable to find any food in the small enclosure.—( New York Herald.) 756 COLEMAN NOCKOLDS. EQUINE TROPICAL DISEASES —PARTICULARLY UL- CERATIVE LYMPHANGITIS. By CoLEMAN NocKkoLpDs, M. D., V. S., VET. 5TH CAVALRY, U. S. ARMY, BATANGAS, P. I. All the diseases which we have seen in the Philippines dur- ing a period extending over two years are more or less common to tropical countries of the Lastern hemisphere and most pro- bably exist in the Western tropics. There are not any but what have been described more or less accurately by veterinary sur- geons and others from time to time since Europeans first set foot in the tropics. ‘The different veterinary periodicals and works, especially by Europeans, contain all that is known of these diseases up to the present time, and froma diagnostic point there is no reason why a veterinarian visiting these countries and seeing these diseases should be led toerror. ‘The character- istics of the living and the dead have been repeated again and again in almost every language, but there is much to investigate as regards the successful prevention and treatment of these maladies. Of course, years ago writers and investigators were unable to study causes because of not having the appliances, but nowadays there ought not to be any great difficulty with the means which we have at hand. I believe that no great mis- take is made by me when I state that all diseases of an infec- tious nature are caused by an animal or vegetable parasite, which attacks their host in one way or another. Although not at present thoroughly acquainted with the history of many of these, itis to be hoped that in the near future investigations will bring to light at least enough of their modes of action and hab- itat to successfully combat many of these troubles with which the veterinarian is utterly unsuccessful at the present time. We are not alone in this, as our medical con/réres have essentially the same condition before them as we have. Not only is this true of tropical diseases, but of those occurring in temperate climates, but perhaps hardly in such large proportion. EQUINE TROPICAL DISEASES. 197 Among the diseases which seem to be peculiar to tropical climates, the following are common out here :— Surra. Myotic dermatitis (adobe itch). Barsatti—bursatte. Kumree—Kamri. Ulcerative lymphangitis. Tropical ulcers. Chiber. Besides which the following exist, which can hardly be classed as tropical, although occurring more frequently in tropi- cal countries under suitable conditions : Tetanus epidemic. Pan-opthalinitis infectious—periodic opthalmia. Quittor. Canker. Thrush. Parasitic diseases. Colics and Pneumonzas are of rare occurrence, as are most of the common home ailments. During the dry, dusty season there is often a mild coryza, which runs through the troops. Founder is frequent with horses on the march, most often through losing a shoe and marching barefooted over rocky ground, river beds, mountains, etc. Thrush and Quittor and occasionally Caxker are always of a persistent and malignant nature, and usually occur during the rainy season, and are the result of irritation from parasites in the mud or water. Tetanus is serious, and fourteen horses have died from that disease during these last three months from three troops, and several have been attacked by a mild form and have recovered. I could not notice that antitetanic serum was of any benefit, al- though freely used. Glanders is not particularly common, and I believe it never existed here until brought out by Americans. I have never seen a case among the native animals, although two years ago there 758 COLEMAN NOCKOLDS. was quite a lot of talk about native ponies dying from it. I think that surra and not glanders was the disease. Two troops of my regiment have been decimated by glanders; they caught it from American horses, quartermaster stock, which at the be- ginning of the Philippine trouble was shipped out here promis- cuously without any thorough examination before leaving Amer- ican ports. “A” Troop lost and destroyed 13 glandered, and “C” Troop, 30. ‘These troops were quartering near each other in Tayabas Province. It is probable that it was stamped out, as thorough precautions were taken and no fresh cases have oc- curred. Infectious Pan-Opthalmitis.—Of all horses that are con- demned as being of no further service for cavalry purposes this disease claims the most. One reason perhaps is that all, with few exceptions, of native ponies suffer from it. It is the real old- fashioned ‘‘ moonblindness,” with periodic inflammation, and final involvement of the whole eyeball, with complete loss of vision. It may be more or less hereditary among the native ponies, but many troop horses that came out here after they were ten with good eyes have lost their eyes through this trouble. Parasites.—I\t is more than probable that animals in these islands suffer from every variety of ecto and endo parasites in existence. Every autopsy shows.a variety, both macro and mi- cro-scopically ; worm in the eye is of frequent occurrence. Anthrax.—One case has been reported up in the northern part of the island of Luzon, but it is to be hoped that it was a case of mistaken diagnosis (such cases have occurred, even out here), although the climate and soil would seem to be in typical condition for the anthrax germ. Rinderpest among cattle has existed for a large number of years, according to information gathered from the natives. Ulcerative Lymphangitis and Epidemic Tetanus are the two diseases most prevalent among horses and mules in Batangas and Tayabas provinces at the present time. Tetanus is fully de- scribed in most veterinary text books on medicine, but as to ul- EQUINE TROPICAL DISEASES. 799 cerative lymphangitis I think that Dinwiddie’s translation of Mosselman and [ienaux’s ‘“‘ Veterinary Microbiology,” on page 265, describes a-micrococcus discovered by Rivolta and seen by Nocard in the pus and lesions of African farcy. Dinwiddie remarks that several practitioners have described the appear- | ance of chancres of acute glanders on the nasal mucosa of ani- mals attacked, but the bacillus of glanders was absent and the cryptococcus of Rivolta present in these lesions, thus showing a disease related to lymphangitis and not to glanders. Hayes’ ‘‘ Horses on Board Ship ” mentions ulcerative lymphangitis, and also in his translation of Friedberger and Frohner, Vol. I. If, as Nocard and Sivori state, the bacillus seen by him in the dis- charges and lesions of ulcerative lymphangitis in 1896 and the ba- cillus of Preisz are identical, then this disease has a wide field in- deed. (See 16th Annual Report, Bureau of Animal Industry, by Dr. Salmon, page 638, on the ‘‘ Nature, Cause and Economic Im- portance of Ovine Caseous Lymph-Adenitis,” by Victor A. Nor- gaard and John R. Mohler). But it seems as if these two dis- eases were identical there would have been noticed more horses suffering from it in the United States. In Scotland the disease known as “ Cruels”’ has been recognized for many years, and is identical with sheep disease caused by bacillus of Preisz, de- scribed by Norgaard. . The following facts are founded as the result of personal ob- servations, with the assistance of Mr. Root, veterinarian in charge of the brigade and depot animals in Batangas P. I. The microscopical observations were made chiefly by Major A. L. Haines, Medical Corps, U.S. V., who also assisted me in my investigations of surra and rinderpest, not only in the laboratory of his hospital, but by personally attending many autopsies and collecting material for culture and examination. ULCERATIVE LYMPHANGITIS. Epizootic Lymphangitis. African Farcy. Benign Farcy. Infectious Lymphangitis. Lymphangite Ulcereuse chez le chaval. Pseudo Tuberculosis. Tropical Ulcers ? This is a specific infectious disease, characterized by the ap- 760 COLEMAN NOCKOLDS. pearance of morbid lesions in the lymphatics and the formation — of multiple abscesses in the region of the affected parts, which eventually burst and form ulcers of an indolent nature, but with a tendency to heal, and leave cicatrices. It seems to be of the nature of a miasmatic disease, and does not spread by actual contact, the microorganism gaining en- trance into the system through a wound or even slight abra- sion. In all cases there is evidence of having been a wound at the site of the first apparent lesion. A swelling, from the size of a pea to a walnut, is often the first thing noticed, or the leg may be swelled up without any tumor being apparent; but soon the lymphatics in the affected region swell, and later large areas become involved. In the case of a limb it often swells to an immense size, three or four times larger than normal; in time small circumscribed swellings appear, which eventually burst and suppurate, forming indolent ulcers, which later on heal, leaving cicatrices. This process goes on at irregular in- tervals. Although generally confined to one or more limbs, usually the hind, any part of the body may become involved later by metastatis. The boues, lungs, connective tissue and muscles are involved, as shown in the autopsy. Although ul- cerative lymphangitis is common at all times of the year, it is more prevalent during the wet season (all tropical diseases seem to be). Sometimes the external lesions are few and confined to one locality ; at other times the larger part of the body may be covered. The hind limbs are most commonly the seat of swelling and ulcers; next to them the fore. The animal be- comes emaciated and the temperature elevated, especially dur- ing the first part of the disease. The animal has an unthrifty look, but appetite not much impaired. Occasionally nodules and ulcers appear upon the nasal mucosa or eyes. This disease runs a chronic course. ‘The complications that may occur, but are rare, are pyemia, metastatic pneumonitis and septicemia. If anything, there is a greater percentage of mules attacked than horses. The mortality is about 15 per cent. After recovery from EQUINE TROPICAL DISEASES. 7ol acute disease, the limb often remains thickened and scars are always visible. The number of cases that have been brought to my notice during twelve months, from August to August, are as follows in the 1st Cavalry, of which there are eight troops, averaging 85 horses each : A” Troop, bays, 3, February, 1902. Sebba a eto SS ‘“os.2), December, 190rt peace = > blacks: 4s January, 1902. “p” « greys, 0. a8 ag “« light bays, o. pie ass bays..7,. March, 1902. newest “DOW sO: Bevin yr esorrels,: 3) Atroust; 190%. Transport animals of 1st Cavalry, all colors, 96, mules and horses, one brown mule. In the quartermaster’s stock of the 3d Separate Brigade, which averages 600 horses and mules, twenty-two head, chiefly mules, have been affected since last January, 1902. At present there are on sick report seven (four horses and three mules) from this disease. The troops belonging to the 1st Cavalry are scattered far and wide: there are three at Batangas; one at Lipa, 18 miles east; one at T'ayabas, 60 miles south; one at Buann, 4 miles north ; one at Taal, 12 miles north, and one at Balayan, 30 miles north. This disease is often mistaken for farcy, but the clint- cal symptoms are easily distinguishable, besides there is no reac- tion to mallein, and in the troops where it has occurred no other cases have broken out except in ‘‘B” troop, which has at pres- ent two cases, both recovering. Differential Diagnosts.—Glanders: Ulcers in nose; gland, in submaxillary; mallein test; glander bacillus; fresh out- breaks. Lymphangitis acute: Absence of ulcers ; acute disease ; hot and painful swelling ; line of chief lymphatics on affected limb involved, without generalization ; notinfectious. Odema: Absence of ulcers; swelling mostly at dependent parts; gen- 762 COLEMAN NOCKOLDS. eral appearance ; no fever; disappearance on exercise. Surra: Hzematozoa in blood ; several animals wasting away ; excessive weaknesss ; no ulcers. Tropical ulcers: These are nothing more nor less than wounds or abrasions that have become dirty by infection ; even the slightest scratch in this climate is liable to turn into a bad ulcer, which is surrounded by a thickened edge and has a hard base; they are often single, but may be multiple, due to animal scratching himself and causing ab- rasions; the local lymphatics are often swollen (it is noticeable that cavalrymen suffer from these sores in larger proportion than do infantrymen) ; the general health does not suffer, neither does the limb swell more than it ordinarily would when the animal is not exercised ; there is no metastatic formation as in ulcerative lymphangitis; they heal slow, treated with simple surgical dressings, and in indolent cases actual cautery. Bur- satte: Circumscribed growths, filled with a red spongy tissue (resembling granulation) ; bulging out from the surface of the skin ; may be one or more in different parts of the body ; intense itching ; appetite not impaired; neither is general health; if cut or scraped bleed freely, and will be found to be composed of red granular masses, varying from a pin’s head toa pea; the surrounding tissue is often involved and feels hard. Chiber : This consists of an itching skin disease, confined to the coronet, which is red and hot, and as the hoof grows after the infection, it will be found wrinkled, somewhat resembling the horn in chronic founder, only the ridges are smaller. None of the above conditions really resemble ulcerative lymphangitis and ought not to be mistaken for it. Autopsy.—Animal emaciated ; ulcers and abcesses in any part of the skin—the cheeks and jugular gutter and hind limbs mostly contain them; affected limbs enlarged; muscles very flabby and watery ; bowels and stomach normal; liver pale, of- ten almost white ; spleen enlarged and pulp softened; kidneys pale and soft. All the lymphatics in the body may be affected but the submaxillary ; inguinal and mesenteric almost always very much enlarged and soft ; cervical and axillary may ‘be in- EQUINE TROPICAL DISEASES. 763 volved. Lungs normal ; heart soft and flabby and contains large white clots, as also do all the large veins and bronchial tubes and the lymphatic spaces leading from affected glands. Bactertology.—Not able to furnish complete investigations _ at present, but will at some future time. Treatment.—lodide of potassium and iron, antiseptics, and actual cautery to ulcers. Have great hopes for the hyposulphite of soda, which has been ordered as as extra medicine for treat- ment. THE Worst OF ALL.—It is related of the late Dr. Gurdon Buck, whose penchant for liberal incisions into inflamed parts was well known, that on one occasion he opened an abscess that had formed in his own person. In telling of the matter, he re- marked: ‘It makes all the difference in the world which end of the knife you’re at, and it’s the worst of all when you’re at both ends.” ONE ON THE AUTO.—Admiral Robley D. Evans recently took a spin in a hired automobile, and as he sped along the thought came to him that he might well own a machine. So he began chatting with the chauffeur, giving his opinion of the gasoline, the air, the electric and other forms ‘of “auto” and wound up by saying: ‘And now, my man, you ought to bea judge. What kind of a machine would you select?” ‘ Well sir,’ replied the chauffeur, “I’ve often thought it over, and came to the conclusion that if I wanted to buy one I’d save up my money and get a good horse.” —( The Horseman). THE lay press report the case of a man who awoke and missed his false teeth from his mouth. Believing that he had swallowed them, he at once felt gastric distress and submitted his case toa surgeon, who applied the X rays upon that organ, which seemed to verify the patient’s suspicions. Gastrotomy showed an error in diagnosis, and just as the external sutures were being placed in position, the victim’s daughter rushed in with the missing teeth, which she had found under her father’s bed. It was said later that the man would die from the opera- tion. [A veterinarian would have applied his common sense to the proposition, and forced the conclusion that it was an ana- tomical impossibility for a set of false teeth to have passed un- consciously down the cesophagus, and thus permitted the patient to live pending the quest for the missing grinders. ] 764 CHARLES F. DAWSON. THE PREPARATION OF BLACK-LEG VACCINE. By CHARLES F. Dawson, M. D., D. V. S., LAKE City, FLORIDA: Preparation of the Virus.—The virus from which the vaccine is made is obtained either from an animal which has died from natural infection or from one which has died from an inocula- tion with virus. The dark spongy portions of the meat from the thigh, shoulder or back are freed entirely of all fat and in- termuscular fascia and are cut up into strips of about one-half inch thickness. These are then hung upon nails or strings ina dry, cool, airy, fly-tight room for about ten days, to dry. When thoroughly dry, the meat is pounded up in a mortar, or quicker results are obtained by grinding it in a coffee mill several times. The resulting powder is then passed through a 20-mesh sieve to free it of connective tissue. Preparation of the Vaccine.—To each gramme of the meat- powder are added two c.c. of water. Mix in an inverted round- bottom bell glass with the hand or a spoon. Spread the dough thus formed in a layer one-quarter inch thick upon a ground glass plate or marble slab, and cut therefrom by means of tin pans, three inches in diameter, and one-sixteenth inch deep, much in the same manner as cakes are cut from dough, with the exception that the pans are slid sidewise on the slab and not lifted from it. This method insures an even distribution of the dough in the plates which is not attainable by any other method. ‘The filled pans are then placed on wire-bottom trays in a thermostat kept at 92-93° C. for six hours. The ther- mostat should be so ventilated that the added water is all evap- orated in about three hours. At this time, the cakes should begin to curl up and at the end of the sixth hour, they should be thoroughly dry. To prevent the cakes from adhering to the bottoms of the pans, they should be smeared with vaseline by means of asponge. ‘The cakes should not be removed too sud- denly from the oven, as they are prone to re-absorb moisture ; but the oven should be left open to cool off gradually. When ee THE PREPARATION OF BLACK-LEG VACCINE. 765 cool, the cakes are put into jars or boxes in a moisture-free at- mosphere. ‘They are subsequently passed through a coffee mill seven or eight times, to reduce them to a very fine powder. This mill for grinding the vaccine should never be used for grinding the original virus, and considerable care must be taken through- out the process to keep the vaccine and virus separated. In fact, the vaccine should be prepared in a separate room. For sieving the vaccine an 80-mesh sieve is used. The top layer of the cakes is difficult to pulverize and is almost insolu- ble, so it is better to discard that part which is not sufficiently fine after seven or eight passages through the mill. The vac- cine is now ready for testing for strength and immunizing prop- erties. Two or three guinea-pigs receive intramuscularly in the thigh three-quarters of the calf dose (10 milligrammes), the same nuinber receive one-half a calf dose, and three others receive one-quarter a calf dose. Their temperatures are re- corded daily. The vaccine is prepared for testing by grind- ing up ten calf doses (100 milligrammes) in Io c.c. of water, and straining out the insoluble portion through a thin layer of medicated cotton moistened ‘with water; or a linen filter may be used instead. The maximum guinea-pig dose would then be three-quarters of 1 c.c. of this solution; the medium dose would be one-half of 1'c.c., and the minimum dose would be one-quarter of I c.c. Ten days after their temperatures have reached normal the guinea-pigs should be tested for immunity, by the inoculation of a minimum fatal dose of the unattenuated virus. As every lot of virus differs in virulence from every other, the fatal dose must be determined. ‘This is done by inoc- ulating several guinea-pigs with varying quantities of strong virus, beginning with one-tenth milligramme and increasing the dose for each succeeding animal by one-tenth milligramme. The minimum fatal dose for an unprotected pig is the size dose for testing for immunity in the vaccinated ones. The test is not always satisfactory, and past experience has shown that a vaccine which causes a noticeable temperature reaction in guinea-pigs which receive the three-quarter and one-half calf 766 CHARLES F. DAWSON. doses, is safe. Should a vigorous guinea-pig die from the small dose, the indications are the vaccine is too strong, and might produce black-leg instead of preventing it. Such vaccine should either be discarded, or it may be moistened with an equal weight of water, heated at 90° C. for two hours, and re-tested. A typical test would be observed in a lot of guinea-pigs which showed a rise of two or three degrees as a result of the vaccination, and no reaction as a result of the subsequent inocu- lation of the minimum fatal dose of unattenuated virus. Asa matter of fact, this result can rarely be obtained and the pigs often show discordant results. Sometimes those which receive the smallest dose of vaccine show the greatest reaction. Where possible it is far better, safer and more to the point to test the vaccine upon range cattle. Instead of dispensing the vaccine in the form of a fine pow- der, as is now being done by several commercial concerns, I have shown that an aseptic fluid black-leg vaccine is perfectly safe. Its main advantages lie in the fact that it is ready for immedi- ate use. It renders the cumbersome outfit of mortar, pommel, etc., unnecessary. If made in the laboratory by skilled persons there is greater uniformity of product, than where stockmen or others not used to doing such work, prepare the solution by the old method. Aseptic fluid vaccine’ is made by the following method : The vaccine powder, say one gramme, is rubbed up in a mortar with 20 c.c. of water. To the paste thus formed are added 80c.c. of pure glycerine. After thorough mixing, the solution is strained through a cloth of sufficient coarseness to allow a coffee-colored liquid to pass through. A suction ap- paratus will greatly facilitate matters. Vaccine prepared in this way will keep for a long time and needs only a syringe to apply it. For attenuating the virus or making the vaccine, I have used with success a specially-made hot-air oven, instead of the expensive oil ovens generally used. It is much more easily regulated, and can be used at odd times for drying or sterilizing glass-ware, or even as an incubator for cultures. It consists of THE PREPARATION OF BLACK-LEG VACCINE. 767 a galvanized iron cylinder with a ventilating pipe entering the cone-shaped bottom. This cylinder is surrounded by another two inches greater in diameter, and is fastened to the inner cylinder by straps. Outside of all is an inch jacket enclosing completely a dead air space. The whole is covered with asbestos. The cover fits loosely over the top of the cylinder, is double, and when down in its place, the bottom rests upon a felt-lined flange of the inner cylinder, making a tight joint. The space between the top and bottom of the cover then becomes continu- ous with that between the inner and outer cylinders. Six tubulations connect with the interior of the oven for regulator, thermometer, and for gauging the rapidity of moisture evapora- tion. A small opening in the top of the cover allows ventila- tion for the Bunsen burner below, from which the heat is de- rived. Dr. FRED GETTLER, U. S. Army, Philippines, died in Feb- ruary last in the military hospital at Laoag, Ilios Norte, P. L, of abscess of the liver. DR. R. J. WITHERS, one of the founders and president of the Chicago Veterinary College, now and for a number of years a resident of Los Angeles, Cal., where he enjoys immunity from his old enemy (rheumatism), was recently married. Dr. Wo. M. BELL, of Nashville, Tenn., formerly professor of surgery and dentistry in the Kansas City Veterinary College, visited the REVIEW office the last week in September. He took his brother, a physician, who had been under treatment in one of the New York hospitals, to his home in Kansas City, before returning to Nashville. His brother died two weeks after reaching home. THE EFFECT OF A MEAT DIET UPON FOwLs.—Frédérica Houssay (Comptes rendus de l’ Académie des Sciences), ina study of the influence of a flesh diet upon fowls, observed that the amount of urea excreted is increased to three times the nor- mal amount; that is, the quantity is three times as great as upon a grain dietary. The observer noted also that the kidneys increased enormously, coming to constitute nearly one-third the weight of the animal. The peritoneum presented a great quan- tity of black pigment, and the fat showed a marked change in . appearance and taste. 768 REPORTS OF CASES. REPORTS OF CASES. ‘* Careful observation makes a skillful practitioner, but his skill dies with him. By re- cording his observations, he adds tothe knowledge of his profession, and assists by his facts in building up the solid edifice of pathological science.”’ DLUMOR OF “LHE LiVER: By HENRY TWEEDLEY, M. R. C. V. S., Buffalo, N. Y. I submit the following case as tending to increase our know- ledge regarding a class of diseases which has fora long time been in a more or less complete and uncertain state in veterin- ary annals—this being due either to the fact that affections of this organ are either very rare, or when they do occur, owing to uncertainty of diagnosis they are unable to be satisfactorily re- corded. Reynal, in that splendid work, ‘‘ Nouveau Dictionnaire Pratique de Médecine, de Chirurgie et d’Hygiene Vétérinaire,” remarks, that if in veterinary medicine there are diseases still imperfectly studied, badly known and incompletely described, those are undoubtedly diseases of the liver. There is nothing more difficult than to form a certain diagnosis in affections of this organ ; nothing more vague, nothing more uncertain, noth- ing more obscure, consequently, than that series of general symptoms, common at once both to alterations of the liver and to those which disturb the functions of the digestive and the respiratory apparatuses. ‘The following case, which I think is rare, as I cannot find mention of it in our writings, is of some value in showing some of the symptoms which are present in these affections. The subject was a very small pony mare and had been affected for two or three weeks before I saw her, re- ceiving little or no treatment. She was dull and off her feed (I have found in affections of the liver a remarkable loss of ap- petite), and on being led outside was very feeble and could only walk slowly and with evident difficulty ; pulse 55 and full; temperature 103°; conjunctival mucous membrane of a dark yellowish red color, and slightly watery ; Schneiderian mem- brane not much altered; buccal mucous membrane rather red looking, and mouth coated with a pasty material. But the most peculiar thing was the appearance of a swelling situated in the left hypochondriac region, just behind or bordering the cartilages of the ribs. This tumor was soft, the size of a large "apple, could be pressed inwards, and when so, it remained for about half a minute and then gradually reappeared ; no rupture REPORTS OF CASES. 769 of the abdominal wall could be detected, but it seemed as if the end of the rib protruded ; this latter appearance was not fixed, but was made to disappear on pressure. Another thing also a little remarkable was an elevation of both fore limbs aiternate- ly, first extending one well forward, holding it poised a little; then, pawing the air for a few moments, she would drop the limb on the ground, pawing the ground for some time. The same movement would then be gone through with the other limb. This I was told was her continual habit. These move- ments were so constant and characteristic that in my reading I have watched for any evidence of it, but the only place where I have noticed anything resembling it is in Digby Collins’ ‘‘ Horse Trainers’ Guide,’ where, under the head of ‘‘ Inflammation of the Liver,” he says: ‘‘ This is a very painful disease and may be ascertained by the horse holding up one or other of his fore legs during the spasms and turning round to look at his side frequently.” The swelling or tumor on the side showed no signs of ten- derness on pressure, no heat nor any apparent change of the skin. Not to take up too much of your space, I will only state that I diagnosed it as an abscess of the liver, and prognosed death, asking to be informed when dead, so that I could make an autopsy. Died soon after, but as I could not go to the autopsy, the liver was preserved, having a large tumor of a fleshy ap- pearance, the substance of the liver being soft and disintegrated. I was sorry I did not see it early enough to ascertain its exact nature. A BLOODLESS THYROIDECTOMY. By GEorRGE H. BAILEy, State Veterinary Surgeon, Portland, Maine. I was able recently to perform a bloodless operation upon a valuable horse belonging to Gen. John Marshall Brown, for the hazardous removal of an abnormal thyroid gland that had at- tained the dimensions of a man’s fist, and already produced dyspnoea by pressure on the trachea whenever an attempt was made to use the animal in harness. The thyroid body is re- markable for the relatively enormous volume of its blood-vessels, its arteries being chiefly collateral with the common carotid, and forming plexuses on the tracheal walls. While the function of the gland does not seem to be thoroughly understood, it cer- tainly has a peculiar influence over the process of nutrition, judging from the effect of loss of the secretion of the gland. 770 REPORTS OF CASES. The immediate dangers of this operation are injury to the vagus and dangerous hemorrhage. The latter was entirely averted by the use of the solution of adrenalin chloride, ;;4>. The solution was resorted to only to control capillary bleeding and render every step of the operation clearly visible, but it also made possible a practically painless and successful procedure. After using hypodermatically a solution of cocaine and freely spraying the incision with solution adrenalin chloride, it was found that the anzesthetic property of the cocaine was perfectly blended and preserved. Catgut ligatures were employed ; the wound was closed with interrupted sutures, and upon removal of the aseptic dressing on the second day not even the smallest secondary hzemorrhage oc- curred, and union by first intention seems already assured. I have full faith that the solution of adrenalin chloride will furnish the veterinary profession with a most important and val- uable adjunct in all such operations, as well as in neurotomy and tenotomy and so forth, where capillary bleeding has here- tofore proved to be so easily and freely induced and not very readily controlled. | Nore.—Adrenalin chloride is described by Prof. Liautard in this number of the REVIEw in his interesting ‘‘ European Chronicles.’’—R. R. B.] URINARY CALCULI IN A DOG.* BysC. A. Witt, M.D. C., Chicagomii The patient, an Irish setter, four years old, was brought to the hospital with a history of urethral stricture, and suspecting calculi I passed a silver probe and found posterior to the os penis a collection of calculi varying in size from a pin head to a five- grain quinine pill. These I removed after placing animal un- der an anzesthetic, by cutting through to the urethra and re- moving with a small curette, afterwards irrigating the bladder and urethra with a one per cent. solution of permanganate of potash. In three weeks dog was returned to owner, wounds having healed by granulation, and animal seemed in good health up to nine months following the operation, when the dog was said to have been taken suddenly sick while on a hunt- ing trip in North Dakota and returned to the hospital and died twenty-four hours later. On post-mortem examination it was found that both kidneys were completely disintegrated, the capsule of each containing * Reprinted from the Quarterly Bulletin of the Chicago Veterinary College. REPORTS OF CASES, euel a dark red semi-fluid material mixed with pus. Each kidney had attained the size of a teacup. The right kidney had rup- tured and liberated its contents in the abdominal cavity, and in the pelvis of each kidney were found calculi, varying in size and collectively weighing two ounces. A RATHER INTERESTING CASE. By W. H. DALRYMP1E, M. R. C. V. S., Baton Rouge, La. Owing to temporary indisposition of the local veterinary practitioner, I was called, on¢August 23d last, to see a mule be- longing to the City of Baton Rouge that had met with an acci- dent on the street. The animal had been engaged in the scav- enging departinent, and, while the man in charge was busy some little distance from his cart, ran off, and fell on a broken, irregular piece of crockery, or earthenware, which penetrated the abdominal wall in the median line, about 10 or 12 inches posterior to the ensiform cartilage of the sternum, and punctured the intestine. When seen by me, a short time after the acci- dent, a watery fluid was gushing through the external opening onto the ground. I at once saw that the fluid was issuing from the intestine, and which, although coming away incessantly, was intermittent as to quantity, due, no doubt, to the irregular force given to it by peristaltic movement. It should be stated that the broken piece of “jug” had a neck on it about two inches long, the penetrating end being about half an inch square, blunt, but having four cutting edges. Owing to the shape of the offending body, and the presumably irregular opening it was most likely to make in the wall of the intestine, it was a ques- tion whether surgical interference (enlarging the external open- ing and stitching that in the bowel) would not produce greater irritation and graver after-effects than simply affording protec- tion and support {to the parts, and depending upon zs medzca- trix nature to do the rest. The latter course was decided upon. The animal was taken to the city’s stable, a thick pad of lint cotton, saturated with carbolized oil (3 per cent.), was placed over the external wound, and a broad body bandage on top. There was an almost continuous dripping, with periodic spurts of fluid, for a period of about 11 or 12 days, but the ani- mal never, from the first, showed any indication of febrile dis- turbance. Fluid aliment was prescribed, which, however, was restricted so as to permit of the healing of the intestinal wound as early as possible. When first seen, a small portion of the 772 REPORTS OF CASES. wall of the intestine was inclined to protrude, which was after- wards permanently reduced by the continuous pressure of the antiseptic pad and bandage. On my leaving for the Minneapo- lis meeting of the A. V. M. A., on August 30th, the injury had then been in existence ten days, anda certain amount of fluid was still dripping from the wound through the porous dressing, and I left instruction, should symptoms of abdominal pain su- pervene, that the local veterinarian was at once to be summoned, as I feared the possibility of peritonitis. On my arrival home on September 9th, andon making inquiry regarding the case, I was informed that the fluid had ceased dripping on about the 12th or 13th day after the accident, the outer wound almost healed up; that the mule had been working for two or three days, was on regular feed again, apparently all right ; and has remained so ever since, which, at this writing, is thirty days since date of injury. Within the past few days, this same animal has been again engaged in the runaway business. This is a case in which it may be said, that, perhaps, ‘‘ discretion was the bet- ter part of valor,” and shows what nature will do, unassisted, so to speak, in serious abdominal injuries, except in the form of the necessary protection against infective media from without, and a rational alimentation. Possibly the above hastily re- ported case may be of interest to some of the readers of the RE- VIEW. UNUSUAL CASE OF LAMENESS. By HENRY TWEEDLEY, M. R. C. V. S., Buffalo, N. Y. The following case is one which I think has been seldom seen ; at least, in quite an extensive reading on the subject I have not met with anything approaching it. The subject was a heavy draught horse in excellent condi- tion, and had not previously suffered from any lameness. He A.—Deposit between the laminz forcing the os pedis downwards and backwards. B.—Os pedis protruding through the sole. REPORTS OF CASES. 173 rather suddenly became lame on both fore legs, without show- ing anything prominently, to account for the lameness; was not excessively lame, but was quite hampered in going ; careful examination failed to reveal much positive information on the subject, so his coronets were rubbed with stimulating liniment | daily ; he continued in this condition without any material change for about a week, when on being examined one morn- ing he was found to have both coffin bones protruding through _ the soles, presenting an appearance as indicated in the cut. A solid deposit had formed between the wall of the foot and the os pedis, forcing the latter through the sole. This deposit, which I can only account for as being of a rheumatic or gouty nature, must, I think, have formed rather suddenly, as no grad- ual change had been witnessed in the sole, a fact which would have been noticed, as the horse was under careful watch owing to the difficulty of coming to a correct diagnosis regarding it. This termination I have seen in laminitis, but in this case there were no symptoms of laminitis or acute pain. The horse was killed. Dr. ADOLPH EICHHORN, of the Bureau of Animal Industry, and editor of ‘‘German Review ”’ for this journal, returned from Europe on Oct. 20, having visited Hungary, Germany, Italy, France and England, spending most of his time on the Conti- nent at the veterinary colleges, and inspecting the abattoirs of the principal cities. He will tell REVIEW readers a little later the details of his trip. He spent several days with Dr. Liautard in Paris, who introduced him to the famous men of Alfort. JosErpH F. LENNON, M. D. C., of Joliet, Ill., died in that eity, on Aug. 4, after an operation for liver trouble of long stand- ing. He had built up an extensive practice, and the Joliet Republican speaks of him in the highest terms for professional ability and personal probity. He was thirty-six years old. JoserpH B. HuGHEs, of New York, sued Felix Warburg, of Kuhn, Loeb & Co., bankers, for $50,000 for damages occasioned by the frightening of the former’s team by the latter’s automo- bile. The jury in the United States Circuit Court awarded the plaintiff $12,070, he having lost a valuable horse and sustained injuries to his spine. This verdict establishes a precedent in the matter of horses frightened by automobiles. ent. S, Cuitps, ef Saratoga Springs, N. Y., entered the New York State Veterinary College, rst inst., for the purpose of taking a special course in surgery. 774 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. ENGLISH REVIEW. By Prof. A. LiAuTARD, M. D., V. M. (CESOPHAGOTOMY IN THE Cat [/. 2. WcCall].—Although the two cases recorded by the author present nothing very un- usual, they are nevertheless interesting, illustrating, as is said in the report, the accommodating power of the cat undez pecu- liar circumstances, and may help to justify the old saying that cats possess nine lives. In the first animal, which, of course, presented all the symptoms of cesophageal disturbance, a sharp projection was found in front of the breast, just at the arch formed by the two first ribs. Upon this an incision was made, and with forceps a lady’s hat pin (7% inches long) was ex- tracted. ‘I‘o remove it entirely the incision had to be enlarged to permit the round black glass head to come out. After a few days the animal was sent home. The second case was very sim- ilar, and there again the point of the pin was detected at the entrance of the chest between the two first ribs. A similar operation was followed by the same result, with the exception that acute extensive inflammatory swelling took place in the neighborhood of the wound, which, however, subsided under proper treatment. In both cases the foreign body was swal- lowed head first and reached the stomach and passed through the pyloric orifice into the intestine.—( Vez. Record.) A RECORD IN THE USE OF CHLOROFORM [C. Pierce, F. R. C. lV. S.|.—After referring to extracts from Frohner, who, dur- ing the years 1898-99, had operated on 142 horses under chloro- form without an accident, and from Cadiot and Almy, who in their “‘’Traité de Thérapeutique Générale des Animaux Domes- tiques,” who out of 800 cases recorded one death from chloro- form intoxication, one from asphyxia and two from pneumonia, and also cases of vomiting and paralysis of the vocal cords, the author gives a brief record of his experience, consisting of op- erations performed upon 2100 horses, and never had one fatal case. Before he made use of the anesthetic he averaged about one accident in four hundred cases—such as fractures of the vertebrae, pelvis, ribs, etc. Since its use the only trouble he had is a fracture of the cervical vertebree due to carelessness in casting.—( Vet. Record.) EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. var gs MAMMITIS IN A HEIFER WITH EXTENSIVE SUPPURATION [W. Scott, F. R. C. V. .S.).—The animal had for four months been suffering with inflammation of the udder, and, notwith- standing treatment, grew worse, the mamme having acquired enormous proportions. ‘It was exceedingly tense to the feel, somewhat tympanitic on percussion, and on succussion a liquid sound could be detected.” The gland measured 5 feet 314 inches in circumference on its widest part. The quarters of the organ seemed to be entirely obliterated, the whole coalescing and the teats themselves hung as rudimentary projections. The diagnosis was positive, and the tumor tapped at its most de- pendent part with a lance-shaped hot iron on account of the thickness of tissue to go through, being nearly three-quarters of an inch. The fluid collected was between four and five gallons, besides masses of broken down parenchyma, yellow in color, friable in consistency and odorless. The cavity was treated antiseptically and the organ returned to the size of an inactive gland.—( Vet. Record.) ARE BOTS EVER FATAL ?—The question has already been presented and discussed, and has de zovo received a new impulse by a few articles that have appeared lately in the Veéerznary Record. In one of them a case is recorded of a horse that died with colic, and in which the stomach and duodenum were found full of bots, a mass of them detached from the stomach having completely plugged the duodenum and given rise to enteritis and peritonitis. Another case is then mentioned by E. L. Dixon, where a three-year-old colt, which had died from colic, and in which at the autopsy the walls of the stomach were found rup- tured and an immense number of bots found attached to the cuticular and the villouscoats of theorgan. Finally Prof. J. R. McCall says the question is difficult to answer, as he has seen many horses affected with bots which seemed to be out of con- dition by their presence, while others were in the best of con- dition, and having died from other causes, althongh their stom- achs were filled with those parasites. The theory of Bracy Clark, that by their presence they excite the gastric function cannot be entertained, and it must not be ignored that bots have been known to perforate the wall of the stomach and have found their way into the peritoneal cavity, and evidently their presence cannot at all events be regarded as beneficial. Prof. McCall sees no reason why bots if present in large numbers in weak, thin horses may not prove fatal by inducing colics, and latterly enteritis or peritonitis.—(le. Record.) EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. -~3 -~2 lop) CHLORETONE AS GASTRIC SEDATIVE IN Docs [ Chr. Tay- lor, M. R. C. V. S.|.—This drug has given the author excellent results in canine practice, and he records two cases where its use relieved the animals very rapidly. To one bitch twelve months old, which was suffering with distemper, had constant vomiting of all kind of food and was in a state of apparent collapse, he gave five grains of chloretone crystals in gelatine capsules. This was followed by several hours of good sleep, and when food was given the vomiting had entirely ceased. Five more grains were given later, when the nervous twitchings of the chorea which she also had stopped and rapid recovery went on. ‘To another older animal, suffering with ascites, probably due to liver dis- ease, and which had constant vomiting of all foods and fluids, although she was almost in a dying condition and unable to stand any tapping operation, the author gave also five grains of chloretone morning and evening. After the first dose the vom- iting had ceased and the animal kept all the food, which was given to her up to the time of her death, which occurred three days later.—(Ve¢. Record.) CARCINOMA OF THE BLADDER OF A HorsE [Prof /. Me- Fadyean|.—An old chestnut gelding, about twenty, had for a year previous to his death passed blood with its urine. At the post-mortem special attention was given to the condition of the bladder, and it was found that the anterior extremity of that organ presented a remarkable depression, due apparently to an introversion of the wall at that point, and when the bladder was grasped, it seemed as if the cavity was occupied by some firm body. A slit through the bladder exposed this body under the shape of a tumor, about the size of a goose’s egg, growing from the anterior end of the bladder. Its surface was rough, ulcer- ated and at some places covered with small blood clots. Its con- sistency was rather firmer than that of liver and on section it presented a white surface finely mottled with grey. The urine contained in the bladder was turbid, tinged with blood, but without putrid odor. Subsequent microscopic examiuation showed that the tumor was of carcinomatous nature. The other organs and lymphatics were normal.—( Journ. Comp. Patho. and Therap.) PECULIAR CASE OF INTUSSUSCEPTION OF THE SMALL IN- TESTINE OF A Horse [ /. J/ckadyean|.—The many. peculiar forms that intussusception may present are increased by this very interesting case, which occurred in a seven-year-old chest- nut mare and was found at the post-mortem, made when she es EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. airare had succumbed to abdominal trouble. ‘ When the abdominal walls were reflected, the peritoneal cavity was found to contain a considerable quantity of deeply blood-tinged liquid and the displacement of the intestines showed that the mesenteric veins of the posterior part of the small intestines were much distended with blood and had hemorrhages along their course. Further © examination revealed an intussusception, which appeared to be- gin about six inches from the termination of the ileum. On removing the whole intestinal mass it was found that three feet of intussuscepted ileum had passed into the caecum, whose con- tents were stained with blood. The loop of the small bowel in the cecum had a spiral arrangement and its outer surface was formed by the everted mucous membrane, which was deeply congested. The loop was also tympanitic.”—( /ourn. Comp. Patho. and Therap.) FRENCH REVIEW. ‘ By Prof, A. Liaurarp, M. D., V. M. PARALYSIS OF THE EXTERNAL POPLITEAL SCIATIC NERVE DUE TO THE EVOLUTION OF HYPODERMIC LARVA IN THE Horse [JZ A. Darrou|.—On account of numerous sub- cutaneous abscesses due to the development of hypodermic larvee a horse was laid up. He had them on the back, the ribs, the croup; each developed at various times, and when the tumor had a certain size the parasite was readily extracted through an incision of the skin and the wound treated antisep- tically. One day the horse became suddenly very lame on the right hind leg, with all the symptoms of paralysis of the ex- ternal popliteal sciatic nerve. The lameness kept up, when, after three days, a small cedematous swelling was observed on the upper part of the leg on its antero-external face. Suspect- ing the possible development.of a larva pressing on the sciatic nerve, to facilitate its exit an incision was made over it, a little below and back of the external lateral ligament of the stifle, on a level with the point where the bifurcation of the nerve takes place. Two days after a vesicular larva, fusiform and similar to those of the other parts of the body, made its appearance through the edges of the incision, and was removed. In the evening the lameness was only very slight and all symptoms of paralysis had subsided.—( Kev. Veter.) 778 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. GASTRO-ENTERITIS BY TRAUMATISM IN A Doc [JZ A. Darrou|.—This case is recorded to show the necessity of mi- nute examination of the buccal cavity even in cases where only gastric disturbances are present. A fox terrier had frequent vomiting and nausea following deglutition of solid or liquid food. The intestinal functions are sluggish, injections and the use of the curette being necessary to empty the intestines, and yet there is no constipation proper. The conjunctivee are slightly infected and there is general prostration, as observed in gastro- intestinal affections. After the administration of a dose of ipe- cac, bicarbonated water, and milk, the animal seems somewhat relieved, and the vomiting ceases, appetite returns and the ordi- nary diet is resumed. Then the animal shows efforts to spit ; and the opening and closing of the jaws with protrusion of the tongue call special attention to the mouth, when, on raising the tongue, its freenum is seen cut transversally, and at the bottom of the solution of continuity a loop of strong thread is detected surrounding the tongue. The ends of the loop are tied near the pharynx and continued by a piece which must have extended as far as the pylorus, as at the extremity it is colored with yel- low matter whose nature is too plausible. How was this for- eign body not detected? At first the dog had only vomiting, with other symptoms justifying the diagnosis of gastritis, and as he refused all solid food, the traumatic nature of the trouble could not be supposed, the mouth not having been examined. While recent, the foreign body in the pharynx produced only nausea and vomiting, and later on there was a kind of accoutumancy and the animal was only disturbed by the gradual section of the freenum of the tongue by the loop of thread that each motion of deglutition had a tendency to draw towards the base of the organ.—( Revue Veterin.) Curious CASE OF RaApIAL PaRALtysis [JZ Leflat].— Called urgently to see a horse reported as having a fracture of the shoulder, the author was told that while at work he had sud- denly become lame without having made a misstep or slipped. The animal is unable to walk, abduction of the leg is very painful and there is a dropping of the elbow, which is charac- teristic; yet when the leg is flexed, a crepitating noise is readily heard. Evidently the radial paralysis was present, but is there also a bony lesion? ‘This supposition of fracture is laid aside after two or three days, as no manifestation of such lesions occurred. The animal was then put under treatment, but without any satisfactory result, and, notwithstanding fric- ——E EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES, 779 tions and walking exercise, no change for the best. On the sixth day after the injury, the condition in the evening re- mained the same. But on the seventh day in the morning, all bad symptoms had disappeared; the animal stood straight, walked without lameness and trotted with only slight irregu- larity. In four days the horse went to work. Evidently the radial lesion was due to a blow from the pole of the wagon, and for the crepitation, it no doubt came from the articulation.— (Rec. de Med. Vet.) PSEUDO-NEUROMA OF MEDIAN NEvuROTOMY [Z. Dupas]|.— The presence of a tumor at the extremity of the central nervous end after plantar neurotomy is not uncommon. Does the same occur after the section of the median? The author has not seen it recorded and on that account publishes the following :—A nine-year-old army horse has been disabled on several occasions and finally became very lame on both fore-feet with navicular disease. With all modern care and preparation he was operated upon on one leg, the right, by median neurotomy, and when re- lieved of the hobbles trotted sound on that leg. The wound, however, was somewhat troublesome in healing; large swelling, which kept on increasing and interfering with the motions of the leg, having lasted for several days. Finally it subsided and then a tumor, quite large, was detected at the point of cicatriza- tion of the first operation; it is elongated, fusiform, rolling under the fingers, very sensitive and gives rise to excessive lame- ness. It was evidently a pseudo-neuroma. The animal was again operated upon and the growth developdd on the external face of the central extremity of the nerve was removed after minute dissection to isolate it from the posterior radial artery, which laid underneath it and was adherent to it. The cicatriza- tion went on and finally the animal was returned to work.— (Rec. de Med. Vet.) GENERALIZED CARCINOMATOSIS [ Chr. Darmagnac|.—This bay horse has been losing flesh considerably of late and is given rest. He has all the symptoms of excessive anaemia, shows ascites well marked, nothing towards the heart, and examina- tion of the liver reveals nothing. Rectal examination revealsa large tumor, partly closing the pelvic cavity and extending for- ward, it is very painful. To this is attributed the abdominal collection. The symptoms kept on increasing and finally the animal was destroyed. On opening the abdomen about 50 quarts of fluid were removed, and there appeared an immense number of tumors upon the abdominal walls and the viscere of 780 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. that cavity. They are of various forms and sizes and all have the same macroscopic characters: general encephaloid aspect, white-yellowish in color, sometimes reddish, easily crushed and cut with the scalpel, and letting out a whitish fluid (cancerous fluid) on glass slides. The first of these growths, the largest, extends from the left iliac fossa to the kidneys. It is irregular in shape, weighs 32 pounds, and seems developed between the sheaths of the colic mesentery, of which but small traces remain. It is adherent to the vertebrae, the psoas muscles, surrounds and presses upon the abdominal aorta and its terminal branches and the large veins. It envelops completely the left kidney. The others or secondary tumors seem more recent in formation and are spread on the abdominal walls, the mesentery, on the tracts of the blood vessels, the two curvatures of the stomach, the spleen, the liver and even the bladder. The great omen- tum covered with them weighs 14 pounds. These growths are not so numerous in the thorax, although they are also dissemi- nated allover. ‘The diaphragm on the thoracic surface has only a few, while on the abdominal face they form a thick coat. In the lungs there are few patches of hepatization ; the pericardium and the heart are free. The lymphatics are hypertrophied and softened. The cerebro-spinal system is free from them. Ex- perimental inoculations to rabbits and rats gave noresult. His- tological examination of these tumors show them to belong to the encephaloid type of carcinoma—one of the most severe varieties of cancer.—(Kec. de. Met. Vet.) ASCARIDES IN A CALF—BapD OpoR OF THE MEarT [JZ Mathis |.—A five-weeks-old calf killed for the butchery is found having in the last parts of its small intestine and in the large 394 ascarides, which weighed altogether about three pounds. While alive, the animal had been delicate, with poor digestion ; it had a marked peculiar odor, which spread through the barn he was kept in and which was peculiarly strong and disagree- able at the mouth. During three weeks that he was watched he only passed one worm. ‘The cadaver had a saz generts odor, very disagreeable and increasing as the meat was exposed to heat, when it irritated the eyes of those who handled it. ‘This odor was not that of ether nor of ammonia, but more that of a mixture of these two with methylic acid. Long cooking did not remove it, but seemed to increase it.—( Journ. de Zobtech.) Dr. JOSEPH R. Hopcson, of Brooklyn, N. Y., recently suc- cessfully underwent his second operation for appendicitis. CORRESPONDENCE. 781 CORRESPONDENCE. RINDERPEST AFFECTING DEER IN THE PHILIPPINES. BATANGAS, P. I., Aug. 18, 1902. Editors American Veterinary Review : DEAR SiIRS:—During my investigations of rinderpest on the island of Marinduque, P. I., in April, 1902, an American officer of the Army Medical Corps, stationed at the garrison there, stated that he, with some companions, were out hunting deer in the mountains and approached quite closely what appeared to be a fine looking buck. He raised his rifle to shoot, but something about the deer caused him to lower his piece. It was then noticed that the animal was staggering, and the offi- cer remarked that whilst watching it, the deer dropped to the ground dead. From what he had observed from seeing a large number of sick and dead cattle that were suffering or had died from rinderpest, he considered that the deer presented a well marked case, exhibiting all the symptoms of rinderpest as seen in the cattle and cariboa that were affected on the island. I might add that the natives reported most of the deer on the island (which is about 28 miles long and 23 miles broad) had died from the ‘ peste.” COLEMAN NOCKOLDS, Vet. 5th Cavalry, U. S. Army. SOME MISSOURI MISSTATEMENTS STRAIGHTENED OUT. KANSAS City, Mo., Oct. 13, 1902. Editors American Veterinary Review : DEAR SRS :—I wish to make a correction of a confusion of terms in regard to the State and Interstate veterinary associa- tions in this locality. Dr. J. J. Repp, in an article entitled ‘‘ External Ulcerative Ano-Vulvitis,” read before the 39th annual meeting of the A. V. M. A., and published in the October number of the AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW, on page 595, relates that Dr. S. Stewart made a verbal report on the same disease before the Missouri Valley Veterinary Medical Association, Feb. 9, 1898. This was the Missouri Valley Veterinary Association. The word ‘ Medical’? does not belong there. It is the Interstate Association, whose members live in Nebraske Kansas and Missouri. Further on he relates that Dr. C. Miller read a paper on the same disease before the Missouri Valley Veterinary Medical 782 CORRESPONDENCE. Association, held in St. Louis, Oct. 3 and 4, 1900. The word “Valley” does not belong there. This was the State Associa- tion, whose members live within Missouri. On page 705, same number, it was. Dr. Chas. Doerrie who presided, instead of ‘‘ Doenie.”’ ‘This mistake is probably due to my way of making a double “ r.” Very truly yours, B.F. Kaupp, Secretary. VETERINARY MATTERS IN THE PHILIPPINES. SANTA CRUZ, LAGUNA PROV., P. I., July 26, 1902. Editors American Veterinary Review : DEAR Stirs :—To-night I received the back numbers of the AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW in good shape, and as read- ing matter is scarce, I can promise you that they will be read through, “ads.” and all. There is nothing of interest going on now in the Philippines. The 8th Infantry have gone home; they were stationed all around this place, and had Santa Cruz for headquarters. Ihave still about 250 head of quartermaster stock, horses and mules. ““[” Troop, of the 6th Cavalry, has about 75 head. Now that the rainy season has set in “surra’’ is showing up fast. The transporting of any animals or herds from the Philippines should be watched closely and prohibited, as all animals are likely to carry the disease—horses, cattle, dogs and monkeys. I have found it in all. As for man, I am not prepared to say. I have examined flies that are full of blood and have found from one to three germs in. them. We have quite a number of cases of glanders, a few cases of tetanus, and some deaths from heat exhaustion. The greatest drawback is the lack of shelter for the stock. They are all tied on picketlines, and we have few drugs, and they are of a poor quality, to say nothing of instruments. Yours truly, J. Mac SMITH, O. M. D. Veterinarian. PRESIDENT JAMES LAW, of the New York State Veterinary Medical Society, has appointed as delegates to the Veterinary Medical Association of New Jersey, Drs. Roscoe R. Bell, George H. Berns, KE. B. Ackerman, Robert W. Ellis, and James L. Rob- ertson. THE NEW YORK STATE VETERINARY COLLEGE opened its session with a class of 62 students, 31 of whom are freshmen. ee —_— ee SOCIETY MEETINGS. 183 SOCIETY MEETINGS. PASSAIC COUNTY VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSO- CIATION. This live local organization held its regular monthly meet- - ing at Paterson, N. J., on Tuesday evening, Oct. 7, with Presi- dent Wm. Herbert Lowe presiding. After the transaction of routine business and the consideration of matters pertaining to the welfare of the Association and the profession, Dr. J. Payne Lowe, of Passaic, read the following paper upon the subject of “PROFESSIONAL ETIQUETTE. “° Mr. Presisent! and Fellow-Memobers ; “The subject assigned to me is an important one to each of us individually, and to us collectively as members of the veter- inary profession, therefore, it is worthy of the consideration of this Association. “It is only necessary for me to make mention of the rapid advancement our profession is now making in New Jersey,—of her strong State Association and the good “work it is doing,—of the law passed at the last legislature regulating the practice of veterinary medicine, surgery and dentistry,—of the appointment by the Governor of a State Board of Veterinary Medical Exam- iners,—of the recognition our profession and associations are receiving from other professions and kindred organizations, and now of the organization in this county of the first county society in the State. In view of all this, more is to be expected from us. Is it not important that each of us, at all times, live up to a proper standard of professional etiquette? Etiquette has been defined as the formalities or usages required by the customs of polite society, or professional intercourse. It is not alone suffi- cient for the veterinarian of to-day to have the proper qualifica- tions (both theoretical and practical), but he must observe the rules laid down by professional etiquette, for his own individual benefit and for the welfare of his profession. “Every individual on entering the veterinary profession is entitled to all its privileges and immunities, and it then be- comes his obligation to exert his best abilities to maintain its dignity and honor and to aid in advancing it as a science. “We have in Passaic County, I believe, about twenty li- censed veterinarians, all more or less actively engaged in prac- tice, and coming into contact, directly or indirectly, more or less frequently. It is necessary for each of us to plainly under- WR+L SOCIETY MEETINGS. stand where our duties leave off, and where those of the next man begin. Under the law, we all have, whether graduates or non-graduates, the same legal right to practice, and, therefore, all are entitled to the same consideration. “Often an owner has an animal taken acutely sick, or se- verely injured, and he summons a veterinarian, but perhaps the doctor is out and so he hurriedly calls another, who happens to be in, and he responds to the call at once. After a short time the first called doctor returns, and he too responds to the call, only to find someone there ahead of him. Under usual circum- stances the case belongs to the man arriving first, so after a few brief words with the owner and veterinarian in charge, he he should bid them good-day and retire, as it is undignified for him to remain, and perhaps his presence is annoying to the at- tending veterinarian, who at this time is busy and does not care to be interrupted; but there are duties of etiquette for the at- tending veterinarian to perform. He should, if possible, leave his patient a moment and greet his brother practitioner and make him feel at ease, and if the owner has acted rashly in calling upon both at or about the same time, he should explain to him that he has interrupted a practitioner in his routine work. Further than this, he should sustain his brother in col- lecting a fee for his visit; unless, of course, he has been tardy in responding to the call, in which case he should not expect a fee. If this is carried out with tact in practice it will have the effect of educating the laity, and prevent much annoyance. ‘““ Again, sometimes two veterinarians are treating cases for their respective clients ina boarding stable. Certainly neither one of them should so far lower his dignity as to even attempt to examine or express an opinion of the case in charge of his brother practitioner. ‘‘Sometimes a case under the treatment of a qualified prac- titioner does not show the improvement that the owner, from his standpoint thinks he should. It is only natural for him to do a lot of thinking, and here is where a lot of tact is required on the part of the veterinarian in order to hold the confidence of his client. Different clients will act differently under such circumstances. One may without the knowledge of the attend- ing veterinarian, call in another practitioner. Asa rule, if the second veterinarian so called in has his eyes open, and has the desire, he will discover what is going on. Knowing this, he should call upon the owner for an explanation, and should make no examination or give any opinion or treatment, until SOCIETY MEETINGS. 785 he knows that the other veterinarian has been properly dis- niissed. ‘Tf a consultation is desired by the owner, it is good sense for the practitioner to at once accede to it. In consultation the first object should be for the good of the patient, in the interest of the owner. Perhaps the case is complicated, or obscure in its nature, and a consultation with a man of experience and judg- ment will enlighten the attending veterinarian. Or, again, it may be held for the protection of the attending veterinarian, viz., in a necessarily fatal case where the owner thinks possibly something more might be done to save the life of his animal, and here the consulting veterinarian can restore the owner’s con- fidence in his doctor. Or, again, a consultation may be held be- tween several veterinarians with the object in view of dividing the responsibility, as in the case of a valuable animal that may have to undergo an operation ; or, again, it may be advisable to hold a consultation where litigation is apt to follow, in order to have sufficient expert evidence to satisfy the court of the condi- tions that existed. ‘“‘ However, whatever is the object of the consultation, no rivalship or jealousy should be indulged in, and candor with all due respect should be exercised toward the veterinarian having charge of the case. The consulting veterinarian should, so far as he can conscientiously, sustain the attending veterinarian. After the history of the case is given and an examination of the patient made, they should retire for deliberation. Theoretical discussions should, so far as possible, be avoided as causing per- plexity and loss of time. ‘The conclusion arrived at should be given to the owner by the attending veterinarian in the presence of all concerned, and then, as a matter of courtesy to the consulting veterinarian, he may ‘be asked to give the owner, in his own words, his opinion of the case. If the attending veterinarian has made a mistake in his case, and it is apparent, he should not take it to heart, if his brother points out hiserror. As long as it is done in a kind way and he is not unnecessarily exposed, he should feel that he has gained by the experience given him—and above all, young men in the profession should show due respect to those older and with more experience. Perhaps on some rare occasion the two veterinarians cannot agree (a thing to be regretted). Ifthe difference of opinion is of any practical importance they should call in the third man and agree to abide by his opinion. “T might go on almost indefinitely expatiating on the subject 786 SOCIETY MEETINGS. of etiquette, but will only add that as professional men we should observe the rules of etiquette ina liberal way, not only among ourselves as veterinarians, but among all scientific men and to people in general. ‘Gentlemen, I do not wish it to be thought that this is in- tended as a criticism toward the practitioners of Passaic County, and I have no fault to find, for it has been my pleasure and profit to meet many of you in a professional way, and can truthfully say that I have always been treated with perhaps more consider- ation than I deserved ; however, we can all improve, and if the few salient points I have tried to bring out in my paper are ac- tually lived up toin practice by the veterinarians of this county, it will elevate us and our profession in the eyes and minds of the community, and we will reap the benefit thereof.” NORTH CAROLINA VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSO- CIATION. : This Association met in the Central Hotel in Charlotte on May 2oth, 1902. Three new members were added to the Association, several papers of interest were read, and the Texas fever situation in the State was discussed. A board was appointed to confer with the North Carolina Board of Agriculture with a view of having some laws passed in regard to this disease at the next legisla- ture. Election of officers resulted as follows: President—Dr. Thos. B. Carroll, Wilmington. Vice-President—Dr. W. H. Morris, Elizabeth City. Secretary—Dr. J. W. Petty, Greensboro. - Assistant Secretary and T'reasurer—W. C. McMackin, Ra- leigh. The Association adjourned to meet in December next, in Raleigh. OW eases Secretary. Dr: MH. McKiuup, President of the McKillip Veterinary College, Chicago, was selected by the Board of Directors of the Chicago Horse Show Association as chief veterinarian for the very successful exhibition held by it from Oct. 27 to Nov. 1. He had for his staff Drs. Frank Allen, N. E. Nettleton, and Gerald E. Griffin (of the U. S. Army). HENRY B. AMBLER, D. V. S., Chatham, N. Y., was official veterinarian to the New York State Fair, held at Syracuse, Sept. 8 to 13. ae NEWS AND ITEMS. 187 NEWS AND ITEMS. Dr. PAUL FISCHER is now State Veterinarian of Ohio. Dr. S. S. Brooks has discontinued practice at Brooklyn, N. Y., and removed from the city. Dr. J. D. SHEPPARD, of Langdon, N. D., has been appointed professor of veterinary science in the North Dakota Agricul- tural College, Veterinary Department, at Fargo, N. D. Dr. J. C. BURNESON, late veterinarian to the Ohio Agricui- tural Experiment Station, Wooster, Ohio, has received an ap- pointment in the Bureau of Animal Industry and assigned to duty at the G. H. Hammond Co., Hammond, Ind. Proj. k. Prity died,in Greensboro, N. C., Aug. 15th, from injury sustained by being thrown by a horse on his face while performing an operation for stringhalt. He was only twenty-three years of age, and had just graduated in veterinary science last spring. No CIRCUMSTANCE contributes more to the financial advance- ment of the veterinarian than the popularity of the modern horse show, which stimulates the horse owner to possess fine animals and to keep them in the best physical condition. It be- hooves the veterinarian to encourage them, and, where possible, to take an active part in them. THE QUARANTINE LINE AND THE OPEN SEASON.—At the recent meeting of the Interstate Association of Sanitary Boards at Wichita, Kansas, which was well attended, the Committee on Line and Open Season, of which Dr. J. C. Norton, of Phe- nix, Arizona, is chairman, submitted their report, of which the following are the salient points: ‘‘(1) We recommend to the Department of Agriculture that the National Quarantine Line remain the same as last year, with the exception that the coun- ties of Moore and Bledsoe in the State of Tennessee be placed above said line after being examined and recommended by an agent of the Bureau of Animal Industry. (2) We recommend that cattle from below the Federal Quarantine Line be allowed to be moved to points above said Line within the States of Texas and Kansas and the Territory of Oklahoma, between November 1st and December 31st, 1902, and to points within the States of Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Missouri and the Ter- ritories of Arizona and. New Mexico, between Noveinber Ist, 1902, and January 31st, 1903, under the sanitary regulations provided by these States and Territories and permitted by the local authorities in charge, provided that no such movement of 788 NEWS AND ITEMS. Southern cattle shall be allowed into any of these States or Territories where proper local regulations are not enforced. (3) Allcattle from the Quarantine District, destined to points outside of the States and Territories above named, may be shipped, with- out inspection, between November Ist, 1902, and January 31st, 1903, inclusive, and without restrictions other than may be en- forced by local regulations at point of destination. (4) We recommend that cattle from the two northern tiers of counties in Arkansas be admitted into the State of Missouri by inspec- tion from February 1st to March 31st, 1903.” THE KILLING OF AN ELEPHANT.—Dr. Edward N. Leavy, Veterinarian to the Central Park Zoo, New York, has responded to our request for an official description of the destruction of the elephant “Tom” as follows: ‘Dangerous ‘Tom,’ the three-ton elephant at Central Park Zoo, heavily chained by each foot to the floor, was put to death Oct. 2, 1902, by the ad- ministration of five 100-grain capsules and eighteen 5-grain capsules of cyanide of potassium, a total of 590 grains, the cap- sules being hidden in his morning meal of bran mash. The enormous dose given in this instance was simply due to the fact that I wanted to make sure of death in as short a space of time as possible, it being remembered that 30 grains of cyanide ad- ministered some years ago to ‘Tip,’ the park elephant, took several hours to cause death. At just 8.44 the poison was taken, and in eight minutes began to show effect. ‘Tom’s’ ears flapped uneasily, his eyes dilated, his sides shivered in a convulsion and he raised his head and trumpeted. After this he appeared to grow stronger, but only temporarily, as just eleven minutes from the time of taking the poison he had an- other convulsion, which was more severe than the first. Two minutes later the legs gave way and he toppled over, breaking his right tusk off as he fell. He stood up weakly, swung his head impatiently, trumpeted, shivered ponderously and col- lapsed. Again he arose and tried to stand. Eighteen minutes had now elapsed, and the poison was working with swifter im- petus. ‘Tom’ could not stand long this time, but tumbled in a heap, struggled to his feet, and for the fourth time went down. Nearly twenty minutes had now passed, but ‘Tom,’ breathing hard, struggled slowly up again, shook himself and stood erect. Four minutes more and he had his fifth convul- sion and fall. He lay prone now, and, though he tried hard, could not arise. At 9.09 he had a spasm that was a sign of the end. -Sixteen minutes later the death rattle was heard, and NEWS AND ITEMS. 739 in five minutes ‘Tom’ was dead. Death took place exactly 56 minutes after taking the dose.” Wuat Micut Have BEEN.—The will and codicil of La- mont G. Burnham, the retired coal merchant, filed in the Suf- folk Probate Office, contains a bequest of $150,000 to the Bos- ton City Hospital, ‘‘to construct and equip upon the hospital grounds a building to be known as the Lamont G. Burnham ward, for such uses and purposes as the Trustees of said hospital shall in their discretion determine.” ‘The money was originally a gift to Harvard College, the will being drawn Nov. 1, 1900, but was revoked by a codicil, Dec. 2, 1901, which gave the sum to the City Hospital. It is in the 13th clause of the will that $150,000 is bequeathed to the President and Fellows of Har- vard College, $100,000 of which is for the purchase of land, conveniently located in the city of Boston, and for the construc- tion and maintenance of a veterinary hospital to be named after him. The balance of the gift, according to the will, was to be used in the establishing of a fund to be known as the “LL. G. Burnham Fund,” the income of which will be utilized for free clinics for animals. Under the 14th clause of the will the testator provides ‘‘in case a veterinary hospital shall be estab- lished and a suitable provision be made for the said college for the practice and teaching of veterinary science and medicine prior to my decease—questions which shall be determined fi- nally by my executors—then I give said sum of $150,000 to the Boston City Hospital.” The words as above quoted follow. The codicil revoking the gift to Harvard reads: ‘‘ Whereas, by the said will, in the thirteenth paragraph, I give to the President and Fellows of Harvard College the sum of $150,000 for the establishment and maintenance of a veterinary hospital upon certain conditions mentioned therein, I hereby revoke said legacies and bequeath the sum of $150,000 to the Boston City Hospital for the purposes and conditions named in paragraph 15 of this will.” The will was dated Nov. I, 1900, ana the codicil was executed Dec. 2, 1901. The executors are Maria Burnham, W. M. Bunting and W. P. Holcombe of Boston, and H. P. Sprague, of Swampscott. Mr. Burnham’s reason for re- voking his bequest to Harvard College is not made public, but it is understood that a movement for a veterinary hospital in connection with the medical college having been suggested and discussed developed considerable opposition, and in conse- quence of this opposition, Mr. Burnham decided to revoke the be- quest and give the $150,000 to the City Hospital.—( Boston Globe). 790 NEWS AND ITEMS. PTOMAINE POISONING.—Alex. Rixa, M. D., of New York, contributes the following to the AZedzcal Summary, of May, 1902: ‘ During the past summer I had, perchance, more cases of ptomaine poisoning than in all my previous twenty-nine years of active practice. I presume that the prevalence was greatly due to the extraordinary heat of this summer. Notwithstand- ing the severity of some of the cases, my patients all recovered. Before entering into a detailed description of some of the most severe cases, a definition of the word ‘ptomaine,’ with some views of competent authors, will be well placed here. ‘ Pto- maine,’ says V. C. Vaughan, ‘may be defined as an organic chemical compound, basic in character and formed by the action of bacteria on nitrogenous matter.’ He further states that ‘some fish are always poisonous. Others are poisonous, or at least markedly so, only during the spawning season. Still others are subject to epidemic bacterial diseases, and those af- fected with certain of these diseases furnish flesh that is toxic to man, or, in other words, the bacterial disease,is transmitted to man with his food. Lastly, fish, like other kinds of meat, may become infected with saprophytic germs that may harm man.’ Schmidt says: ‘The poisonous substance is not distributed throughout the animal, but is confined to certain parts. The poisonous portion cannot be distinguished from the non-poison- ous, either macroscopically or microscopically.’ I treated alto- gether twelve cases, of which nine were fish, and three lobster poisoning. ‘The best illustration of a severe case of fish poison- ing, is the case of William R., a grocer, thirty-two years of age, of robust and good health. He made his lunch of fish (none in the family could give me any information about the class of fish). It was an unusually hot day, in the monthof July. He felt no discomfort until after midnight that day, when he was awakened by nausea and griping pain in his bowels. Soon vomiting set in of mucus, colored with bile. When I wassum- moned, I found the man with cold perspiration pouring down his face. Soon after, fever set in to a temperature of 102 ; pulse, 140; respiration about 40, shallow and irregular. Pain in the stomach and intestines, with great sensitiveness on pressure. I proceeded to wash his stomach and large intestines, administer- ing right after a dose of five grains of calomel, following it up, the coming morning, with a bottle of citrate of magnesia, for the cleansing of the small intestines. Morning’s temperature, Io1; pulse, 130; with excessive tenderness to the digestive tract. Second day, temperature the same, pulse more firm; — —_— a NEWS AND ITEMS. 79L sensitiveness to stomach and bowels diminished ; having had a nuinber of watery stools during previous day and night. I pre- scribed an antiseptic intestinal wash, Glycozone, two ounces, hot water, pmeniy fatte ounces, for mornings and evenings. At my evening’s call the temperature was 100; pulse, 110; re- spiration, 28. Having had some favorable experience with the internal use of Glycozone in acute gastritis, I then prescribed a teaspoonful to be given, diluted with water, every three hours. This treatment was kept up for a week until all unfavorable symptoms disappeared. The other case of serious nature was a lobster poisoning. Mrs. M.S., about twenty-five years of age, was eating a ‘fresh’ lobster in a first-class restaurant, at night, after a theater performance. She felt some discomfort right after eating it, but thought to counteract it by drinking a big dose of whiskey. She “slept all night without disturbance. However, in the morning, when I was summoned, I found her suffering ‘from nausea, vertigo, ringing in the ears, ‘like big bells,’ as she expressed it, pain in all the joints, and griping pain in the bowels; no stool. ‘Temperature, 101.5; pulse, 140 ; respiration, 36. The same treatment as above was prescribed, and the woman made a quick recovery. All other cases were treated similarly, with gratifying results. However, taking good advice from my first case, I started with the antiseptic treatment at once, as I don’t know of any better remedy to stop vomiting than Glycozone.” THE SOAKING-TuB.—Around the stable a_ soaking-tub seems to be a necessity, judging from the frequency of its use. It is generally regarded as a valuable adjunct in the treatment of almost all abnormal or diseased conditions of the feet. It is often unclean—often filthy, and in this condition may be respon- sible for infection of wounds, that would otherwise have re- mained sterile. If you use the soaking-tub, see that it is clean and well disinfected. Where creolin or any of its many imita- tions are deemed of insufficient strength for this purpose, forma- lin will be found effective. .A beer, wine or whisky barrel sawed in two, provides this article of stable furniture. Origin- ally clean and presentable, it becomes from use and environ- ment a discolored and grimy object. It is in this latter and ordinarily normal condition that it invariably presents itself, and while on a tour last season and looking over a veterinary establishment equipped and maintained by one of the richest states, on passing through a ward of the hospital my companion —a well known practitioner—exclaimed : ‘‘ The same old dirty 792 NEWS AND ITEMS. soaking-tub.” It is questionable as to whether the soaking-tub deserves the widespread approbation and patronage which it re- ceives. It has, however, insinuated itself to such an extent into the natures of those connected with horses, that when any le- sion of the foot occurs, be it simple or grave, the first inipulse on the part of the attendant is, to “put him in the tub,” and into the tub he goes. In doing this he is but following an established stable precedent—a custom that is recognized and practiced in the infirmary of the veterinary school with slight improvement over that observed in the stable of the comimon teamster. Considering the tendency on the part of the profes- sion nowadays, to forsake antiquated customs and traditions, it is not inopportune to suggest that it is high time to dispense with the tub. In the average case, the benefits arising from the foot-bath are extremely doubtful and there is no disputing the fact that much unnecessary misery and often the most cruel suf- fering, followed by permanent disability, result from its use. The practice of placing a severely lame horse in a bath, ofttimes freely polluted with his own excrement, and tying him for sev- eral hours in a constrained position, is: neither edifying to the observer nor conducive to the animal’s well-being. What prac- titioner has prescribed the foot-bath in laminitis without ob- serving the horse evince his agony by swaying backwards and forwards, during which motion, the traction of the perforans tendons ensures the drawing downwards of the pedal bones and tends to cause their protrusion through the softened soles! Again, in cases of nail puncture, quarter-cracks, toe-cracks and other forms of pododermatitis where infection is deeply im- planted in the foot and consequent great pain results, the horse stands in the tub cross-tied, shackled and quivering and on be- ing released and turned into a bedded stall, he immediately drops, frequently from sheer exhaustion. While opposed to the use of the tub, the writer is not prepared to submit anything novel in the way of a substitute. The object of this short arti- cle is, firstly, to direct attention to a practice the recognition of which is reproachful to us as a profession, and, secondly, to in- sist that local dressings composed of such materials as absorbent cotton, oakum, felt, woolen stuffs, burlap, etc., properly bound to the feet and kept thoroughly wetted, are preferable to tub- bing. If beneficial effects accrue from the use of the tub they are directly attributable to one or more of the following agen- cies :—1, Moisture; 2, Antisepsis; 3, Heat; 4, Cold. As moist- ure in this case practically means water, it may be argued that NEWS AND ITEMS. 793 it is a matter of minor consequence as to where that moisture comes from, provided it is sufficient to thoroughly soften the hoof horn. It is not, however, the agent that is objected to, but the manner of administering it. Knowing what we do regard- ing the hygrometry of the hoof, it can be demonstrated that a felt boot saturated with water, will, say during twelve hours, supply as much moisture as a ten-gallon soaking-tub, and that, too, without inconvenience to the animal. If such i is the case, then, the boot is preferable to the tub. Should the condition of the foot demand it, dissolve an antiseptic in the water, then thickly invest the hoof with absorbent cotton dressings, covered with oakum and bandages, and saturate. It is acurrent belief that antiseptic agents mixed in the water of the soaking-tub, deeply penetrate fistulous tracks and punctured wounds and have a distinctly beneficial effect, by arresting sepsis. Maybe they do, but if so the filth that is so often observed suspended in the bath must necessarily permeate the same openings, so it is debatable asto whether the virtues of the one would counter- act the evil effects of the other. In ordinary tubbing, warm water tends to cool rapidly and cold water becomes elevated in temperature, consequently the benefits derived from the one or the other are of a more or less precarious character. Heat or cold, as the case may require, can be applied to the feet in con- junction with the dressings alluded to, and in case where a horse is suffering great pain and persistently assumes the recum- bent position, water can be regularly used in this manner with- out subjecting him to the tortures of the tub. In the success- ful treatment of the average case of foot trouble, decumbence should be by all means encouraged. Remembering that the feet receive the weight of the entire superstructure and that when irritated from whatever cause, their dependent situation deter- mines an increased blood flow in their direction, everything possible should be done to incite the horse to lie, this being es- pecially the case where more than one foot is involved. With this end in view a roomy stall—a box stall if possible—should be provided, and a deep dry bed given. Plenty of room and plenty of bedding, will tempt any sore-footed horse to le, and in this position with his feet incased in clean moist dressings, his chances of recovery are not only enhanced, but often assured ; and incidentally, were he capable of articulation, his thanks _ would be expressed for his delivery See “the same old dirty tub.” —( Joseph Hughes, M. R. C. V. in Chicago Veterinary College Quarterly Bulletin.) es PUBLISHERS’ DEPARTMENT. Subscriplion price, $3 per annum, invariably in advance ; foreign countries, $3.60; students while attending college, $2; single copies, 25 cents. Rejected manuscripts will not be returned unless postage 1s forwarded. Subscribers are earnestly requested to notify the Business Manager immediately upon changing their address. Alex. Eger, 34 East Van Buren St., Chicago, [ll., Veterinary Publisher and dealer in Veterinary Instruments, Books, and Drugs, is the authorized agent for the REVIEW in Chicago and the Middle West, and will receive subscriptions and advertisements at publishers’ rates. ES ES ET Tue Publishers desire to call the attention of REvIEw readers to their advertisement for ‘‘REVIEWS Wanted ’’ at the foot of this page. As the numbers asked for are to complete volumes for binding, for your fellow readers. You have been in the same position yourself, at some time or other, and may be again, and can fully appreciate how anxious- ly these gentlemen are waiting for tidings of these numbers that they lack. Look over your files to-day, and send us what you can, to help them out. Max WocHER & SON (see ad. dept., page 16) have issued a ‘‘ New Veterinary Catalogue,’’ which if very interesting. It will be mailed to all veterinarians who write them for it at their address in Cincinnati. The reliability of this old firm and of its instruments is its best recom- mendation. ‘“SaniIvTAs’’ guarantees all preparations under that heading. It has stood for excellence so lorg that that one word conveys more to the practitioner’s mind than could be written on many pages. ‘‘T HAVE used Zenoleum quite largely as follows: As a general dis- infectant in stables, kennels, etc.; asa matter of precaution ; as a local antiseptic before and after surgical operations, such as castration, ten- otomy, neurectomy, etc., in obstetrics, and as a uterine douche; as an external application in skin diseases due to animal parasites, as mange, grease heel, etc. I have also found it an ideal dressing for thrush, canker and suppurative diseases of the foot. As a wash for dogs, it is grand. A dog simply dipped ina 3% solution of Zenoleum will not have a live flea in one minute. In punctured wounds of the foot, in a horse requiring free excision of tissue where the animal has to work, a pad of oakum soaked in the pure preparation and wrung out, held in place by a sole leather pad, is the greatest ever, superseding pine tar as a pre- ventive of development of tetanus bacillus, as the Zenoleum dressing does not exclude air and is not gummy. like tar though acting as a filter for what air passes through.’’—(Robert Drybough, V. S., Evans- ville, Ind.) PRACTICE FOR SALE. Well established practice in town of six thousand population, in State of Massachu- setts. No competition. Good surrounding country. Will easily pay $1,500 per year. Will sell entire outfit or part. For full particulars, address ; S. F. E., care of AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW, 509 W. 152d St., New York. REVIEWS WANTED. The Publishers will pay 25 cents a piece for any of the following: April, 1901; Jan- uary, and February, 1902; December, 1899; September, 1898; and March, 1896. 50 cents for October, 1900. Roberr W. E..is, D. V. S., 509 W. 152d St., New York. AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW. DECEMBER, 1902. All communications for publication or in reference thereto should be addressed to Prof, Roscoe R. Bell, Seventh Ave. & Union St., Borough of Brooklyn, New York City. EDITORIAL. EUROPEAN CHRONICLES. ACTINOMyYCcosIs.—All our readers are well acquainted with actinomycosis and with all its various manifestations. Exist- ing more or less all over the world, under its name and with its macroscopic and microscopic lesions, its diagnosis has seemed al- most always easy ; and, to only mention a few, most of the tumors of the head in cattle, the well-known “‘ wooden tongue,” with others, have been classified amongst the forms of actinomycosis —that is, of that affection due to the growth of the streptothrix classified among the actinomyces. Profs. Ligniéres and Spitz in an elaborated work just pub- lished in the Bulletin of the Société Centrale de Médecine Vet- erinatre, have shown the errors which have prevailed to this day, and called the attention to another form of disease, which resembles very.much antinomycosis, but which differs entirely from it by its microbian cause. Actinobacillosis is the name they give to the disease, to dis- tinguish it from the actinomycosis of streptothrix nature. Called during the summer of 1900-1901 to investigate an epi- zooty which prevailed extensively in the Argentine Republic, they observed that, besides the various forms which it presented, affecting as it does the skin, the subcutaneous connective tissue, the lymphatic glands, the salivary glands, the lungs, tongue and pharynx, and presenting in great part almost the typical symptomatology of actinomycosis, actinobacillosis was evidently 795 796 EDITORIAL. a contagious disease, in which contagion was sometimes quite easy, but that the contact of a sick animal with a healthy one was not an indispensable condition of its realization. Contagion, which is due to the introduction in the organism of a microbe, the act¢nobacillus, is found in the pus of the actinobacillar le- sions, abscesses or wherever it exists. The symptoms, the lesions and the characters of the pus, which is characteristic (milky white or slightly greenish, in- odorous or having a little albuminous smell, very viscid, thick, paste-like in aspect, sticking to the finger, and never showing yellow or calcareous granulations, except in the lesions of the jaw), all are sufficient to establish the diagnosis, which, how- ever, can be confirmed by examination of the pus under the microscope, when the presence of granulation or of masses of characteristic tuffs, are made out. These granulations are sim- ple or compound, formed by one or a certain numberof tuffs. The tuffs are formed of massive clubs, absolutely identical with those of the classic actinomycosis, varying in size, and present the histo-chemical reactions as in that disease. ‘There is, how- ever, an important condition of distinction, namely, that after fixation and coloration with the ordinary aniline color or the method of Gram, filamentous forms are never observed, and that to the point of view of differential diagnosis, it may be said that ‘the characteristic of actinobacillosis 1s the constant nega- tive result of the coloration by the method of Gram.” The communication of MM. Ligniéres and Spitz contains most interesting investigations on the microscopic, bacteriologic and experimental study of the microbe, its culture, virulency, toxines, and so forth, and the record of many inoculations made of pure cultures on guinea-pigs, rabbits, birds, rats, mice, dogs, cats, pigs, solipeds, sheep, and cattle, and terminate with the prophylaxy and the treatment, which are very much like those indicated for actinomycosis, iodide of potassium acting as an excellent specific. Immunity and serotherapy have also been considered. A serum has been obtained which has already given satisfactory results. EDITORIAL. wg" Fic. 1. Actinobacillus, Cocco-bacillar form Culture on Gelose. Fic. 2. Actinobacillus, Strepto-bacillar form Culture on Bouillon-serum. FRESH Pus. ACTINOBACILLI TUFFS. a, young tuff, clubs forming. 6, adult tuff, clubs well-developed. c, groups of clubs isolated from the tuffs. EDITORIAL. NATURAL ACTINOBACILLOSIS. Lesions of the neck, cheek and lip. EXPERIMENTAL ACTINOBACILLOSIS. Intra-osseous inoculation. — ee — EDITORIAL. 799 It may be said that to the point of view of general practice the distinction established by the learned workers of Buenos Ayres is only of comparative importance, but with all that the subject is of the utmost importance and deserves attention. Actinomycosis is quite prevalent in the United States; large outbreaks among our cattle are not impossible; and our veteri- narians cannot afford to be unable to recognize whether they have to deal with the classical disease or with actinobacillosis. | I subjoin here two plates showing the bacilli, the tuffs, and the aspect of two diseased animals. * is * THE BENEFITS OF ANTITETANIC SERUM.—It is well agreed that of all the diseases the animal organism is subject to, te- tanus is one of the most serious. Herbivorous animals, and especially solipeds, are more sensitive to it, and few are those that recover from it. So many affected, so many dead, might be said. And on that account the discovery of a serum that prevents its apparition cannot be too much praised, nor the great part played by Prof. Nocard in the vulgarization of its use. Many are the publications that record its efficacy, and to- day it is a well-established truth that by the action of this precious agent attacks of tetanus no longer threaten. In a recent extract, Prof. Labat, of the Toulouse School, has again showed the benefit that he obtained in his large clinics, and stated the fact that out of seven hundred and six operations which he has performed, many of which were liable to exposure to the tetanic germs, none contracted the disease. And if these 706 may not be considered as a sufficient sta- tistic, and if ten or a hundred times more are demanded by some as definitely conclusive, it must be, nevertheless, granted that many among them might have great chances to contract the disease. I am afraid that the practice of preventive. vaccination is not very favorably or at least sufficiently practiced among American veterinarians, and this is my excuse for writing on the subject, and to give more facts in relation to it. 800 EDITORIAL. To be advantageous with certainty, one single injection of antitetanic serum is not sufficient, as observation and experi- ence have demonstrated that if the preventive action is szre, it is also only ¢emforary, and must be reinforced by successive ones. ‘I'wo are sufficient—the first as soon as possible after in- jury or operation, the second eight or ten days later. If cases may occur where only one injection has done well, it is never- theless always prudent to resort to the second. The immunization does not act against the bacillus of te- tanus, but against its toxine. Tetanus is an intoxication. The bacillus grows with difficulty in the organism. Its toxine acts on the nervous centres. It is taken in by the nervous threads, which are in the tetanigenous focus, and, following the nervous way, reach the centre. Inoculation of the antitetanic serum has for effect to stop or to modify the toxine before it reaches the brain. Inoculation of the serum, even intra-cere- bral, remains powerless, if the toxine has touched the nervous element; once touched it cannot be cured. This is why the injection of serum must be made early, and as its neutralizing influence may be exhausted before the secre- tion of the toxine is, it is prudent to renew it. I have said that the nervous elements once touched by the toxine could not be cured, and consequently one can under- stand, when injected in an animal taken with the disease, why it is powerless to cure. And, yet, cases are quite numerous of recoveries attributed to the use of the antitetanic serum. How can this be explained ? In his article Prof. Labat says: ‘ Acute tetanus cases, with rapid development, are fatal, and the serum powerless against them. Chronic cases which progress slowly seem to be influ- enced by injections of serum and recovery, if it takes place, oc- curs more rapidly.” What can, then, be the effect of the serum ? Its action must not be overlooked. It has the advantage of neutralizing the effects of the toxine which is continually formed at the seat of the traumatic spot. And if the intoxication is not carried to its extreme limits, the sick animal may, through EDITORIAL. 801 the serum he has received, be able to resist and gain time to continue the long effort necessary for his recovery. In other words, it is possible that in one case the efforts of the economy will be sufficient to allow him to get out victorious and the ani- mal will recover ; in another the dose of fatal toxine has not been sufficient, arrested as it has been by the serum, and the recov- ery has been easier. Therefore, injections of antitetanic serum are always indicated; they may. be beneficial, in slow and chronic cases, but never with much great expectation of their effect, as if the toxines developed since the beginning of the in- jections may be destroyed, there is nocertainty that those already produced shall not overcome the efforts of the patient. To resume, antitetanic serum has an unreliable curative effect, when used in developed tetanus; it has a positive pre- ventive action; its use must not be neglected in localities where tetanus is frequent, nor in all wounds dangerous to the point of view of its appearance ; serum must always be injected immediately after the operation, and when in the presence of tetanigenous wounds. * * * Many are the stories that go around among horsemen and veterinarians about the age of horses and the means to detect it; but, as I heard once said by an old dealer in New York, and as I read again lately in one of the “ Causerie”’ of the Semazne Vétérinaire of my friend Pion, there is after all but one certain way to ascertain the age, and that is a certificate of birth. Those, however, are not kept except in some specially well con- ducted breeding establishments. Nevertheless, we have the teeth, which since the days of Girard seem to answer well all general purposes, and have superseded with much success the _ number of bones in the tail, the depth of the hollows of the or- bit, etc., or even the number of lines teeth might present in their length, which an old German veterinarian, Dr. Brandt, tried to introduce in New York some 35 or 40 years ago. But all that seems to be insufficient, and, again, from Germany, says Pion, another means is brought to light: the wrinkles of the horse's R02 EDITORIAL. eye. Mother nature does not age all individualities alike, whether man or beast. Advanced old age or lasting resistance to the effects of time are met everywhere. Willa horse raised in misery, which has been licked, overworked, have the upper eyelid more wrinkled than that of another, well fed and having enjoyed a painless life ? But let us not be too severe. Our German colleague says that his method is applicable to horses more than eight years old. After that age, one wrinkle appears every year on the bor- der of the inferior eyelid. Unfortunately the idea is not new and I believe has been known for years; for us, we remember well mentioning it to our students when lecturing on the age of animals ; and it was not new then. The method proves once more that after all there is nothing new under the sun. AT. OTTAWA WINS THE A. V. M.A. CONVENTION OF 1903. The hearty invitation extended to the National Association by Dr. J. G. Rutherford on behalf of the veterinarians of Ot- tawa, Canada, and contiguous territory, to hold its Fortieth An- nual Convention at the capital of the Dominion of Canada, has been accepted by the Executive Committee of that organization in the same spirit of fraternal fellowship in which it was of- fered. The genial Chief Veterinarian of our neighboring country was so forceful and evidentiy so earnest in the presen- tation of the claims of Ottawa as a point where much benefit could be bestowed both upon the Association and the profession of that realm, that he had almost won the case when he had finished speaking. Not content, however, with Ottawa’s bright chances, he indicted a long letter to the various members of the - Association, of which the following is a copy: OFFICE OF THE CHIEF VETERINARY INSPECTOR, OTTAWA, ONTARIO, Ist November, 1902. DEAR Sir :—As you are probably aware, an invitation has been ex- tended to the A. V. M. A. to hold its next annual meeting at Ottawa. EDITORIAL. 803 The idea of having the meeting at the Canadian Capital was first intro- duced by me at the recent meeting in Minneapolis, and has been heartily endorsed, not only by other veterinarians of the city, but by everyone else to whom the matter has been mentioned. The veterinary practi- tioners ata recent meeting passed the following resolution :—‘‘ That the veterinary practitioners of the city of Ottawa, here assembled, unani- - mously endorse the invitation extended by Dr. Rutherford to the Ameri- can Veterinary Medical Association to hold its next annual meeting at Ottawa, and look forward with pleasure to the opportunity which will thus be afforded them of becoming acquainted with the members of that distinguished body and assisting in their entertainment during their visit to the Capital of Canada.”’ The Mayor and Council of the City have forwarded to the Executive Committee a cordial invitation to meet here next year, while the officers of the Department of Agriculture are also prepared to do their share in entertaining the members of the Association. Mr. Edwards, M. P., has expressed a desire that the Association should accept his hospitality for one day by going down the river 24 miles to Rockland and inspecting his magnificent herd of Shorthorns, which for a number of years has been conducted on the ‘‘ Bang ’’ system, under the supervision of one of our veterinary officers. Another afternoon can be profitably and pleasantly spent at the Central Experimental Farm, just outside the city limits. There are numerous other attractions, such as the Parliament Build- ings, the Chaudiere Falls, the Parks at Aylmer, Brittanie, and Rock- cliffe, etc., which ought to make the visit interesting and agreeable, not only to the members, but to the ladies accompanying them. Apart from all these, however, I may say that I am convinced that great good, not only tothe Association, but to the profession generally, and especially to Canadian practitioners, will result from the holding of this meeting at Ottawa. The influx of such a large body of intelli- gent, highly trained and up-to-date veterinarians cannot fail to arouse widespread and most beneficial interest among the members of the pro- fession throughout the Dominion. That some such awakening is needed there can be no doubt, and it seems to me that the present is an opportunity which should on no ac- count be neglected. Iam satisfied that the membership of the Associa- tion will be largely increased by the affiliation of many Canadian vet- erinarians, who have hitherto looked upon the A. V. M. A. as a foreign body, and not as what it really is, an organization having for its sole object the development and general betterment of the veterinary profes- sion on the North American Continent, regardless of international boundaries or political relations. - a 804 EDITORIAL. In view of all these facts, might I ask you to use your influence with the members of the Executive in favor of the selection of Ottawa, as the next place of meeting? You will all be warmly welcomed. Hoping to hear from you in the affirmative, I remain, Yours faithfully, J. G. RUTHERFORD, Chief Veterinary Inspector. Just as the editorial forms of the December REVIEW were closing we received a hurried note from Secretary John J. Repp, writing from Chicago, in response to our request for the earliest information which he could furnish, which contained the fol- lowing announcement : “DEAR Dr. BELL :—I now have eight (8) out of fifteen (15) votes, all that have been cast thus far, in favor of Ottawa, Can., as the meeting place for the A. V. M. A. in 1903. ‘This practically decides the question in) favorworOttawar .. ... i. af While the REVIEW has always stood for centrality in the se- lection of a meeting site, it sees in the selection of Ottawa the opportunity to strengthen its membership by the addition of some of Canada’s foremost veterinarians, and, if we may judge by those who have already become members, they are worth going a long way to secure. The Association already has a very cordial invitation to go to St. Louis in 1904, where the great ex- position will be in progress ; and so it will soon be back into the centre of the veterinary population, stronger and better for hav- ing visited ‘“‘ My Lady of the Snows.” PROSPEROUS TIMES FOR VETERINARIANS. We well remember, six or seven years ago, when the coun- try was in the throes of unprecedented commercial depression, all classes of business stagnant, livestock receiving more than their proportion of the general lassitude, that the profession, as a whole, felt somewhat panicy, and some thought that, like Othello, their occupation was or soon would be gone. Rumors of mechanical contrivances for transportation were rife, and the newspapers added to the general alarm by picturing the horse as destined within a very short period to be useful only asa EDITORIAL. 805 museum freak, illustrating a species of mammalia which had occupied from prehistoric times a prominent position in the life of man, the museum lecturer explaining how, only a few de- cades back, semi-civilized man had utilized the soliped as a beast of burden and even as a source of imaginative pleasure. At the time of which we speak the value of the horse was not great, and when sick or disabled he could more readily be re- placed by a new one than to incur the expense and trouble of ministering to his ailments through those skilled in the treat- ment of his accidents and diseases. Two factors were responsi- ble for his pecuniary degeneration : Lack of demand, through commercial inertia, and over-production. When members of the veterinary profession became victims of the prevailing hysteria, and began to lose heart in the future of their calling, this journal did what it could to make them view the matter from a rational standpoint. It endeavored to point out the causes which had brought about the deplorable state of practice and prospects, and it maintained with a stout- heartedness which was by some termed “bravado” that when prosperity again settled upon our country, the agriculturist, the stock-raiser, and the veterinarian would participate in the gene- tal prosperity to a greater degree than ever before. We even insisted that the profession would be purified and made better through its adversity ; that the mushroom graduates would be eliminated from our ranks, and that the better prepared and worthier men would survive to blaze the way and illuminate the pathway which was being made for a scientific and perma- nent profession. It is our belief that the words written in those dark days have been verified to a point that seems almost prophetic. Those who have read the REVIEW carefully can probably call to mind other predictions, based upon logical reasoning, which are being worked out upon the lines suggested by us. PRESIDENT JAMES Law, of the New York State Veterinary Medical Society, has appointed as Prosecuting Committee, to 806 EDITORIAL. carry out the resolution adopted at the last annual meeting, the following members: Drs. E. B. Ingalls, of Mohawk; H. B. Stebbins, of West Winfield, and William Henry Kelly, of Albany (ex-officio). ‘The Committee will at once take steps to establish a fund to enable it to proceed with a vigorous cam- paign against illegal practitioners, and the REVIEw trusts that the members of the profession in the Empire State will forward their contributions without delay, so that the greatest possible amount of good can be secured through the work of this Commit- tee. The subject was fully gone over in the November issue of this journal, and readers are referred to that number for partic- ulars. We congratulate President Law upon the wisdom of his choice, for he has secured three men whose devotion to their pro- fession and whose conscientious regard for their obligations are beyond reproach, and in whom their brethren may repose their entire confidence. WE are indebted to Charles E. Gray, M. R. C. V. S., Chief Cattle Inspector for Rhodesia, South Africa (formerly associated in practice with Dr. Wm. Sheppard, of Sheepshead Bay, N. Y.), for a very comprehensive report upon the epizootic now prevail- ing among cattle in that country. The disease, which is known there as “ redwater,” is none other than our own Texas fever, and it has been so extensive as to seriously impair the commer- cial prosperity of the country. The report sent us contains half-tone illustrations of the cattle while sick, carcasses of those having succumbed, as well as microscopic fields showing the red blood corpuscles studded with the specific organism, the /yro- plasma bigeminum, as well as many clinical fever charts. In this connection we tender our thanks to Dr. Sheppard for copies of South African newspapers detailing the ravages of the disease and the Government’s efforts at its suppression. THE VETERINARY COLLEGES of the country, without an exception that we have heard, have larger classes this year than for half a decade. STUDY OF CANINE PIROPLASMOSE. 807 QERIGINAL’ ARTICLES. CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF CANINE PIRO- PLASMOSE. By MM. NocarpbD, OF ALFORT, AND MOTAS, OF BUCHAREST. TRANSLATED BY A, LIAUTARD, M. D., V. M. (Concluded from page 729.) BACTERKICIDE ACTION OF THE SERUM OF IMMUNIZED ANIMALS. When zz vztro one part of virulent blood is mixed with three, four, or five of the-serum of a dog recovered from the disease, the mixture can be inoculated with impunity to fresh dogs, even through the veins. These dogs remain healthy and their blood contains no parasites. Are those dogs thus made refractory to the disease? No. Reinoculated 12-15 days later, with a small dose of virulent blood, they become sick and die as rapidly as the witnesses. A preventive action of short duration might be expected. Nothing of the kind. If the serum is inoculated in one part and the blood in another, the inoculated dog takes the disease, as well as the witness, even when the serum is injected 12 or 24 hours before the virulent blood. ‘Therefore, it is in reality a microbicide action of the serum. This action does not take place when the serum has been heated to 56°-57° during half an hour, while, as we shall see further on, preventive serums can be obtained which keep their preventive action after heating to 56°-57° for one hour. The microbicide action of the serum is observed more ac- cused on dogs highly immunized by repeated injections of the virulent blood. EXPERIMENTS.—Dog No. 26, three months old; inoculated under the skin with a mixture of 50 drops of the serum of dog No. 20 (cured since one month), and 20 drops of virulent blood, after one and one-half hour contact. Examination of the blood made. every day, for 11 days, has never shown parasites. At 808 NOCARD AND MOTAS. the test (2 c.c. of virulent blood under the skin) the dog takes the disease, and, like a witness, dies on the fifth day. Dog No. 68,15 days old; receives under the skin a mix- ture of 50 drops of the serum of Dog No. 39 (recovered since six weeks) and Io drops of virulent blood after one and one-half hour'contact. The blood examined during 11 days revealed no parasites. [he witness, Dog No. 70, inoculated with 10 drops of the same blood pure, took the disease and died on the sixth day. Dog No. 77, adult ; receives under the skin a mixture of 50 drops of the serum of Dog No. 50 and 20 drops of virulent blood, after one hour contact ; its blood examined during 11 days con- tains no parasites. The witness, No. 83, inoculated under the skin with 10 drops of same blood pure, dies the sixth day. Dog No. 76, reinoculated with 1% c.c. of virulent blood, takes the disease and dies the seventh day. Dog No. 90, 15 days; receives under the skin a mixture of 20 drops of virus and 20 of the serum of the hyperzmmuntzed Dog No. 8, after one and one-half hour contact ; during 11 days, the blood shows no parasites. The witness, No. 91, is inoculated the same day and in the same way, with a mixture of I c.c. of virus and 1 c.c. of prepared serum of sheep; he dies after six days. Dog No. 124, 15 days; receives under the skin a mixture of 10 drops of virulent blood and 25 drops of reinforced serum from Dog No. 8. Its blood never presented any parasites. The witness, No. 123, inoculated with 10 drops of the same blood, dies the fifth day. The bactericide action of the serum is surely due to the re- fractory condition of the dog which has furnished it, as the serum of healthy dogs is not bactericide. EXPERIMENT.—Dog No. ror, 15 days; receives under the skin, a mixture of 50 drops of serum of normal dog with ro drops of virulent blood after one and one-half hour contact ; this dog has hzematozoz already on the fourth day, and dies tne fifth after the inoculation. STUDY OF CANINE PIROPLASMOSE. 809 The bactericide action of the serum does not belong only to dogs recovered from the disease; it can also be observed on animals specifically refractory upon which repeated injections of virulent blood have been made. A Southdown sheep receives in twelve subcutaneous or in- travenous injections, between April 24 and Nov. 9, 1901, 290 c.c. of dog’s blood, very rich with parasites. Except weak os- cillations in the temperature, occurring in the morning or the evening of the injections, this sheep never exhibited the slight- est inconvenience ; parasites were never found in its blood. The number of its red corpuscles has not varied in a sensible manner. The serum of this sheep has proved itself clearly bactericide, but at a lesser degree than the serum of recovered dogs, and especially of those where the immunity had been strengthened by repeated injections of virulent blood. EXPERIMENTS.— Dog No. 97, 15 days; receives under the skin a mixture of I c.c. of the serum of the prepared sheep, and 1 c.c. of virulent blood after one and one-half hour contact ; he dies infected after six days. Dog No. 66, 15 days; receives under the skin a mixture of 50 drops of serum and ro of virulent blood, after one hour con- tact; has not shown any hematozoz during 13 days. Rein- oculated under the skin the fourteenth day with % c.c. of viru- lent blood, he takes the disease and dies the third day. Dog No. 69, 15 days; receives under the skin of the left thigh 50 drops of serum and under that of the right ro drops of virulent blood ; he takes the disease and dies after six days. Dog No. 67,15 days (wetness) ; receives under the skin a mixture of 50 drops of serum of zormal sheep and 10 drops of the same virulent blood ; takes the disease and dies the sixth day. Dog No. 70, 15 days (wetness) ; receives under the skin 10 drops of the same virulent blood pure ; takes the disease and dies the sixth day. Dog No. 79, 15 days; receives under the skin a mixture of 50 drops of serum of the treated sheep, heated at 56°-57° with 810 NOCARD AND MOTAS. 10 drops of virulent blood after two hours contact ; takes the disease and dies the sixth day. The serum of sheep treated by injections of virulent blood is very hemolytic zz vztro for the blood of dog ; one might believe that the parasites made free by haemolysis are more easily ab- sorbed by the phagocytes of the inoculated dog. The following experiment shows that it is not so: Dog No. 68, 15 days; receives under the skin a mixture of 10 drops of virulent blood with 50 of the serum of a sheep not treated (serum made hemolytic by repeated injections of blood of normal dog). He takes the disease by the fourth day and dies the sixth. ' PREVENTIVE ACTION OF THE SERUM OF IMMUNIZED DOGS. We have shown in the preceding paragraph that the serum of cured dogs is, in small injected doses, unable to prevent or keep back in a noticeable manner the fatal effects of a test in- oculation. The experiments below show that, when injected in larger doses, this same serum may retard or even prevent the fatal action of virus inoculated 24 or 48 hours after. But the preventive action of the serum is much better if it is taken from dogs hyperimmunized with large quantities of virulent blood. FIRST SERIES——-SERUM OF IMMUNIZED Doc.—Dog Wo. 97, aged 15 days; receives under the skin 3 c.c. of the serum of Dog No. 8 (which, six months after recovery, has received 30 c.c. of virulent blood) ; 30 hours after, 1 c.c. of virulent blood is inoculated under the skin. Already numerous parasites on the sixth day ; death on the twelfth. Dog No. 98, same litter ; receives under the skin 5 c.c. of the same serum; 30 hours after, subcutaneous inoculation of I c.c. of virulent blood. On the fifth day, parasites are seen ; death on the eleventh. Dog No. 99, same litter (witness of the two preceding) ; in- oculated under the skin with 1 c.c. of thesame virus; parasites present on the fourth day ; death on the seventh. Dog No. 94, aged 12 days; receives under the skin 10 c.c. STUDY OF CANINE PIROPLASMOSE. Slt of thesameserum. After 24 hours is inoculated subcutaneously, at the same time as Dog No. 92, witness, with ¥% cc. of viru- lent blood. Witness dies the seventh day ; the other shows par- asites on the eighth only, and dies the thirteenth. Dog No. 87, 15 days old; receives under the skin 13% c.c of same serum; 48 hours after is inoculated subcutaneously, at the same time as a wetness, No. 88 (adult), with 1 cc. of viru- lent blood. Witness dies the fourteenth day. Dog No. 87 shows for several days a small number of infected corpuscles, briskly phagocyted by big mononuclears ; but its temperature remains normal and its general condition satisfactory. Recov- ery was rapid. SERUM OF HYPERIMMUNIZED DoG.—In our second and third series of experiments we have used the serum of the same dog, No. 8, whose immunity was strengthened by new injections of virulent blood, forming a total quantity of injected blood of 52C.c: This serum was first heated to 56°-57° for half an hour. SECOND SERIES.—Dog No. 102, aged 15 days; receives un- der the skin 5 c.c. of serum. After 24 hours he is inoculated, at the same time as a weézess of the same age, with 3 drops of blood very rich in parasites. Zhe wetness dies the sixth day. No. 102 remains healthy ; his blood contains no parasites. Res inoculated on the nineteenth day with 1 c.c. of virulent blood (in the same time as two witnesses, No. 93 and 110, which die after seven days), he presents on the fifth day a small number of parasites, which are the object of a very brisk phagocytose ; but he remains healthy and survives. Dog. No. 103, of same litter ; receives under the skin 3 c.c. of heated serum. After 24 hours, is inoculated with 3 drops of virulent blood (which kills a witness, No. 106, in six days). Its blood examined during 10 days, shows no hematozoa. Re- inoculated the eleventh day with 1 c.c. of virulent blood, he has parasites six days after; for about a week he shows all the signs of the disease—dullness, depressed condition, globular anzemia—nevertheless, parasites are not numerous and the ob- 812 NOCARD AND MOTAS. ject of a brisk phagocytose; finally the general condition im- proves and twenty days after the second inoculation he can be con- sidered as cured. The blood did not contain parasites any more. Dog No. rog, same litter ; receives under the skin 5 c.c. of the same serum. After 24 hours, is inoculated with 5 drops of very virulent blood, 3 drops of which kill a witness, No. 106, in six days. ‘The blood examined daily for 32 days shows no parasites. Reinoculated the thirty-fifth day with 10 drops of virulent blood, which kills wztzess No. 123 in five days, he escapes the disease after showing only few parasites the tenth day. Slut No. 105, same litter; receives under the skin 10 c.c. of the same serum; 24 hours after, is inoculated with 3 drops of blood, whose virulency has been demonstrated by witness No. 106. Examined during ro days, its blood shows no parasites. Reinoculated the eleventh day with 1 c.c. of virulent blood, her blood shows few parasites entirely phagocyted on the fifth day ; yet the general condition was gradually going down; there is progressive anzemia and death occurs the eighteenth day after the second inoculation. THIRD SERIES.—Dogs No. 119, 120, 122, 15 days old, re- ceive subcutaneously 3 c.c. of serum. After 24 hours No. 119 is inoculated under the skin with 10 drops of very virulent blood. Same inoculation after 48 hours on Dog No. 120. Dog No. 122 is inoculated only after three days. A fourth dog of the same litter, No. 123, used as witness, dies infected four days after the virulent inoculation. No. 122 has parasites four days after the inoculation, and dies the seventh day. No. 719 shows parasites the sixth day, and dies the eighth. No. 120 dies the ninth day ; he had parasites since 48 hours. From these experiments the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) The serum of recovered dogs possesses a clearly pre- ventive action; but this is weak ; to bring it out, large doses of serum must be injected; ro c.c. are not sufficient to prevent STUDY OF CANINE PIROPLASMOSE. 8138 death ; only a short arrest in the development of the disease is obtained (Dog No. 94). Only one of the animals of our ex- periments has stood the injection of the serum of a recovered dog (No. 87), but he had received 13% c.c. of serum, an enor- mous dose for a small pup of 15 days. (2) If the immunity of the recovered dogs is reinforced by repeated injections of virulent blood, serums are obtained with a preventive power acting on much less elevated doses. All the dogs of the second series resisted, after having received 5 c.c. and even 3 c.c. of serum, to the virulent inoculation, which has killed witness in six days. And yet too large dose of virus cannot be injected. In our third series, all the subjects had re- ceived 3.c.c. of the same serum. All three died—with great delay—at the test inoculation; but ro drops of a virus, which kills in doses of 1 drop witnesses of the same age, had been in- oculated. (3) The serum keeps its preventive power, when it has been heated to 56°-57°, for half an hour. * * * Therefore immunity against virulent inoculation, always fatal for witnesses, can be given. But that conferred by serum is of short duration. The four dogs of our second series had stood the inoculation of virus made 24 hours after the injection of the serum ; they had been reinoculated 11, 19 and 35 days after; all showed few hzematozoze in their blood ; two remained with all appearances of health ; the two others have been very sick. One, however, got well ; the other died, and curious enough, he had received the largest dose of serum and been reinoculated the earliest, the eleventh day. It is true that this second inoculation has been very severe ;10 drops of virus fatal for fresh dogs of that age with dose of 1 drop only had been injected. * Z * We have seen above that the serum of sheep treated with repeated injections of dog’s blood very rich in parasites had a clearly marked bactericide action. 814 NOCARD AND MOTAS. The following will show that this serum has only a weak preventive power, secured by only a delay in the evolution of the disease. Dog No. 137, 15 days old ; receives subcutaneously 20 c.c. of serum of sheep (which has received 290 c.c. of blood very rich in parasites) ; this serum has been heated at 57° for 30 minutes to destroy its hemolytic power. After 24 hours, Io drops of virulent blood are injected subcutaneously and also to wetness No. 732 of same age. ‘This last has parasites already on the fourth day, and dies the fifth after the inoculation. No. 737 shows the parasites only the seventh day and dies the ninth. * * * The preventive action of a stated serum requires much smaller dose when it is mixed with virulent blood, before mak- ing the injection. ‘The serum must be heated first at 57° so as to destroy its microbicide action. EXPERIMENT.—Dog 743, five days old ; receives under the skin a mixture of 50 drops of the reénforced serum of Dog No. 8 (heated at 57° for half an hour) with 20 drops of infected blood. Examined for ro days, the blood has never revealed parasites. Witness Dog 141, of same litter, died five days after receiving 10 drops of the same blood under the skin. Identical results are obtained when, after the action of the serum upon the diseased corpuscles, they are isolated by repeated turbinations, after washing with physiological water. EXPERIMENT.— Dog 730, 15 days old; receives under the skin the deposit, obtained after three turbinations and two wash- ings, of a mixture of 50 drops of reénforced serum of Dog No. 8 and 20 drops of parasited blood. Examined during seventeen days, its blood has never shown any parasites. It seems then that to the contact of the serum of hyperim- munized dogs the parasited corpuscles fix in a strong manner the substance of the serum which leaves them defenceless to the action of the phagocytes. STUDY OF CANINE PIROPLASMOSE. : 815 CURATIVE ACTION OF THE SERUM OF HYPERIMMUNIZED DOGS. The serum of-dogs whose immunity has been increased by repeated injections of virulent blood can act only asa preventive when it is injected before the virulent inoculation. It may also prevent death when injected in strong dose 24 or even 42 hours after a virulent injection, which kills witnesses in five days. It is powerless to delay death when injected after the ap- parition of the parasites. EXPERIMENT.—Dog No. 137, aged 10 days; receives under the skin, Feb. 14, 8 drops of virulent blood; Feb. 16, 42 hours after, an injection is made under the skin of 20 c.c. of the re- enforced serum of Dog No. 8 (which has received, after recov- ery, 72 c.c. of virulent blood). February 19 he shows very rare parasited corpuscles. The 20th and following days, the para- sites are somewhat more numerous; the general condition re- mains good. The 28th, scarcely a few parasites are observed. March 2, none can be found. The animal is very lively, its weight is almost doubled. Dog No.j132, 10 days old, wztwess and brother of the preced- ing; inoculated February 14 with 8 drops of virulent blood. The fourth day, Feb. 18, its blood contains parasites ; 20 c.c. of the serum of Dog No. 8 are injected subcutaneously. He dies the roth with a large number of parasites in the blood of the heart and of the viscera. ATTEMPTS AT IMMUNIZATION WITH INJECTION OF OLD OR HEATED BLOOD. (1) OLD BLoop.—We have said above that virulent blood, obtained pure and kept cool (in the cellar), away from light, remains virulent for a time which varies between 14 and 25 days, according to season. Could not this blood, having become unable to give the disease, when injected in large dose, confer to them immunity? The two following experiments are not favorable to this supposition : Dog No. 28, receives under the skin 15 c.c. of blood kept in cellar since fourteen days. When fresh this blood was very 816 NOCARD AND MOTAS. virulent ; inoculated then to Dog No. 21 in 2 c.c. dose ; it killed it in five days. Dog No. 28 examined carefully dciae ee 10 days has never shown the slightest trouble ; its temperature remained normal, its blood never had parasites. Reinoculated subcutaneously with 3 c.c. of virulent blood, he became very sick ; had numer- ous hematozoz, but yet recovered. Dog No. 29, receives in the jugular 15 c.c. of the same blood, 19 days old; watched during twelve days he shows nothing ab- . normal, no fever, no parasites. The testing inoculation kills him in six days. (2) HEATED BLoop.—We have said above that the para- site is killed with a temperature comparatively not high, 45°. Perhaps, by measured heating, it might be possible to atten- uate its virulency and transform it into vaccine? ‘This hope was not realized. The following shows that the attenuation of the virus by heating, if not impossible, is at least very difficult to realize. All these experiments were made on young pups, about three weeks old. Dog No. 22, receives under the skin 5 c.c. of virulent blood heated at 50° for 30 minutes. Examined during eighteen days, he shows no fever nor parasites. Testing inoculation kills it in 56 hours. 2 No. 25, receives under the skin 10 c.c. of blood heated at 50° for one and one-half hours. During eighteen days noth- ing abnormal is detected. Dies in four days after the testing inoculation. Witness No. 23, receives under the skin 3c.c. of the same blood not heated; he takes the disease and dies in five days. Nos. 44 and 45, inoculated subcutaneously with 3 c.c. of vir- ulent blood, heated at 48° for half an hour. Nos. 46 and 47, inoculated with 3 c.c. of same blood heated at 45° for half an hour. These last four dogs remained in good health. STUDY. OF CANINE PIROPLASMOSE. 817 Witness No. 48, inoculated with the same blood not heated, dies in six days. With the testing inoculation, made the tenth and twenty- third days after, the four dogs above took the disease and died between the fifth and seventh day. . Nos. 56 and 57, inoculated subcutaneously with 2 c.c. of virulent blood heated for half an hour at 43°, die the fifth and eighth day. Witness No. 58 inoculated under the skin with the same blood, not heated, dies the seventh day. Vo. 77 receives 2% c.c. of blood heated at 43° for one hour, dies the sixth day. No. 72, same blood heated half an hour at 44°, dies the fifth day. No. 74, same blood heated at 44° for 50 minutes, dies the seventh day. No. 75, same blood heated at 44° for one hour, dies the ninth day. Witnesses Nos. 70, 76, 1 c.c. of same blood, not heated, die the fifth and sixth day. No. 81, 2 ¢.c. of virulent blood heated at 44° for one and one-half hours. No. 82, 2 c.c. of same blood heated at 44° for one hour and fifteen minutes. These two dogs examined for fifteen days have never shown parasites. Witness No. 83, which had received only 1 c.c. of the same blood, not heated, was dead the sixth day. No. 82, reinoculated under the skin 15 days after, with 1 c.c. of virulent blood, not heated, dies the sixth day. TO RESUME. Virulent blood heated at 45° and above loses all virulency. Below 44° heated, kept up for more than one hour, seems to have no action on the vitality and virulency of the parasite. Heated at 44° for 30, 50 minutes or one hour, the blood re- mains virulent and kills still the small dogs that are inoculated 818 NOCARD AND MOTAS. with it; but death occurs so much later that the duration of the heating has been longer. Heating at 44° for one and one-half hours, and even one hour and fifteen minutes, destroyed the virulency. None of the dogs that resisted the inoculation of heated blood have stood the testing inoculation. With the injected doses, heated blood does not seem able to confer immunity. ATTEMPTS AT TREATMENT. All our attempts have failed when applied to the rapid fori of canine piroplasmose. Salts of quinine and arrhena, which give such good results in the treatment of paludism of man, have seemed to be entirely powerless. Whether the treatment was begun before or imme- diately after the virulent inoculation, the dogs treated have died as certainly and quickly as the witnesses. We have also treated a few dogs suffering with the slow form ; but as those dogs mostly recover without treatment, it is difficult to define the part played by the treatment in the re- coveries that we have obtained. However, it has seemed that the dogs treated by subcutaneous injections of arrhena (2 or 3 milligrams to kilog. of the dog) convalescence has been more rapid. THE Colorado Medical Journal wisely calls attention to one of the dangers from the publication of the views of Professor Koch. Ever ready to seize upon anything favorable to their own advantage, the packers at once began to sell meat known to be tuberculous. Why could not we remember his folly in announcing his cure for consumption, only to the disappoint- ment of sick people all over the world. ‘This was soon forgot- ten, and we at once adopted his views as uttered before the con- gress in Germany, only to find that his ideas were erroneous. Professor Pearson, State Veterinarian, once more shows his fal- lacies when he alluded, at the recent session of veterinarians in Philadelphia, to the fact that we dare not cease to protect our children and all from the dangers of tuberculous meat and milk. In this connection, we may mention the need of some law to assure us clean, whole, unwatered milk.—( Public Health, Phil- adelphia, August, 1902.) HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA. 819 HAEMORRHAGIC SEPTICAEMIA., By M. H. REYNOLDS, M. D., V. M., UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA, ST. ANTHONY PARK, MINN. Whether it is proper to speak of this as a disease or as a col- lection of diseases due to identical or similar germs may possi- | bly be questioned, but for the present at least, and until we have more light on the subject, we may speak of it all as heemor- rhagic septicemia. This disease is very interesting on account of several peculiarities. It is interesting because of its protean forms; it is interesting because medical treatment so far as we know is absolutely useless and hopeless. We are utterly help- less in the matter of prevention because we have practically no information as to the method of infection or method of spread. Those who have had a chance to study the various outbreaks in Minnesota have been quite unable to trace any connection be- tween one outbreak and another, or to trace a previous history for any given outbreak. It is proving interesting to those mem- bers of the veterinary profession who have been so fortunate or unfortunate as to come into contact with it, because of the ex- treme difficulty of making antemortem diagnoses. In some out- breaks that have been carefully studied, antemortem diagnosis for the first case at least was apparently impossible; but on the other hand there have always been plenty of opportunity for ex- aminations post-mortem, and here the evidence is usually clear. There is a very practical side to this disease, especially when considered from the farmers’ standpoint. It appears suddenly and under all sorts of conditions; a number of animals, usually a large proportion, die, and the disease disappears as suddenly as it came. The owner has lost a certain amount of property, in live stock, without a trace of information as to whence the disease came or how soon the visit may be repeated. The owner would be especially interested in knowing the method of infec- tion and the possible agencies through which his herd may re- ceive a reinfection. If hzemorrhagic septiczemia, like glanders, comes by a specially introduced infection, then he has a certain 820 M. H. REYNOLDS. proposition to face. If, on the other hand, the microorganism of hemorrhagic septiceemia, which resembles in all laboratory peculiarities the germs of swine plague, are commonly present in less virulent forms or present under. conditions where there is but limited opportunity for their development and the pro- duction of disease, then the farmer may expect an outbreak of it at any time and so far as he knows under any conditions, and he has no means of guarding against it—a quite different pro- position. Etiology.—The specific cause of this disease is apparently Bacillus bovisepticus, which cannot be distinguished from the bacillus of swine plague by cultural or morphological charac- teristics. How this microorganism spreads or how it gains en- trance into the animal body is not known, but at present we suppose that the entrance may be effected by inoculation ; through the respiratory, or the alimentary mucous membrane. ffistory and development.—The onset is usually sudden and most unexpected, and yet in some recent outbreaks of dis- ease in which the presence of the microorganism was demon- strated, the onset was quite slow and the cases were distinctly chronic. Hzemorrhagic septiczemia is probably more prevalent than is generally supposed, and it is undoubtedly true that a great many outbreaks of this disease have been incorrectly diag- nosed as anthrax, symtomatic anthrax, infectious cerebro- spinal meningitis, corn stalk disease, and very possibly as par- turient paresis. From reports that have appeared in the veterinary journals at various times it is very evident to those who have had opportunity to study this disease, that outbreaks of hzemorrhagic septiceemia have appeared in a great many dif- ferent sections of the United States at least, and have been in- correctly diagnosed. Cases which have been described in the East as cerebro-spinal meningitis have been very plainly hem- orrhagic septiceemia, and this is also true of corn stalk disease in the West. Season and climatic conditions apparently have nothing to do with the prevalence, virulence or disappearance of this dis- HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA. 821 ease. ‘The mortality for the past few years during which it has been studied in Minnesota has been extremely high, the cases all ending abruptly in death, with the exception of a few out- -breaks where the cases were chronic. These tended to disturb our supposed information concerning the disease, particularly in reference to its rapid and invariable fatality. More recently an outbreak appeared under the observation of the writer where all cases gave uniformly clear antemortem . symptoms of cerebro-spinal meningitis, and yet examinations post-mortem revealed in addition to the expected lesions of cerebro-spinal meningitis, the characteristic haemorrhages of hzemorrhagic septicaemia, and the organism which is supposed to be the specific cause of the disease was demonstrated beyond reasonable question. (See ‘‘ University Experimental Farm Outbreak,” provisional report of Dr. Wesbrook.) In this out- break as in all the earlier ones, the mortality was very high, nine animals sickened and nine died. Symptoms.—The writer has had the privilege of studying closely the development and full history of about twelve cases. The temperatures were uniformly normal or subnormal, except in two cases where the temperature rose rapidly just before death. There was. nothing in the nervous disturbances that was especially diagnostic, except that in several cases the skin has been hyper-sensitive. The subjects have usually been dis- inclined to move about apparently because movement caused pain. In an outbreak which occurred at the University Ex- perimental Farm, and which came under the writer’s daily ob- servation, the prominent. symptoms in all cases were those of cerebro-spinal meningitis, but it would be very misleading to suggest that these nervous disturbances are characteristic of hemorrhagic septicaemia. Local lesions which correspond to the tumors of anthrax and symtomatic anthrax are very limited or wanting. ‘The urine in many cases has been scanty or blood stained, and this is also true of the bowel discharges. The ex- aminations post-mortem are very much more definite and satis- factory. The blood is apparently normal. Subcutaneous hem- 822 M. H. REYNOLDS. orrhages are common and vary greatly in size and intensity ; in some cases they are large and the hzemorrhagic condition is marked. In other cases the hemorrhages are punctiform, scat- tered, and few in number. The hemorrhages may appear al- most anywhere in the subcutaneous tissues, or involve any of the viscera. The spleen is not enlarged, but there may be hzemorrhages on the surface. The haemorrhages usually have very sharply defined borders and are easily recognized as hem- orrhages. The serous membranes frequently show small hem- otrhagic areas, and the heart especially the auricles are often in- tensely heemorrhagic. We may summarize the symptoms as follows: Asa rule the disease appears suddenly ; the case develops very rapidly and terminates fatally. The antemortem symptoms are very unsat- isfactory from a diagnostic standpoint. The post-mortem symp- toms are definite and as a rule easily recognized and consist of more or less extensive hemorrhages which are sharply defined when they appear upon the surfaces of the viscera and serous membranes. Losses tn Minnesota.—It is now about two years since this disease was recognized in Minnesota by Dr. Wilson of our State Board of Health Bacteriological Laboratory. During these two years there have been reported to the State Board of Health 80 outbreaks among Minnesota cattle ; these outbreaks involved 52 different farms, appeared in 20 different counties, and resulted in the loss of 551 cattle. It is safe to assume that a considerable number of other out- breaks appeared but were not reported. Four outbreaks have come under the writer’s personal ob- servation and in three of these the opportunity was unusually good for careful study of the cases from a clinical standpoint. OUTBREAKS WHICH CAME UNDER DIRECT OBSERVATION. Johnson Outbreak. Dr. Wilson and the writer went to North Branch, Chisago County, October 3oth, for the purpose of investigating a very HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA. 823 virulent disease that had appeared in a certain herd. ‘The pre- vious history was rather unsatisfactory because indefinite and incomplete. It was learned that five calves belonging to an- other party had died in a certain pasture earlier in the season, probably in June or July. The history of these cases agreed . with the recent cases which we went to investigate, in that the calves had died suddenly ; there had been some slight local, dif- fused swellings, and on skinning, dark red areas were noticed by the owner. Another neighbor had lost suddenly a cow some months before with symptoms and history that agreed closely with those of the present outbreak and the five calves previously mentioned. Mr. Johnson reported that he had 20 cattle in his herd when the disease first appeared on September 15. A portion of the pasture was dry; another portion quite low and wet, but with- out timber. None of the cattle had had access to standing corn stalks. He had lost two animals about November 1 (1899), from what he supposed was the same disease. These were calves about six months of age. The owner noticed that in these previous cases the manure was coated with blood or showed bloody streaks. During 1900 one was taken sick and died suddenly in July, another about the middle of October. He had lost also one roan steer calf, seven months old, which died sometime early Monday morning, October 29th, and a red heifer calf about the same age, which died on the same Monday. Both deaths occurred suddenly. The former was noticed to limp some in walking, the trouble being apparently in the left front limb. These two calves were examined post-mortem by Dr. Wilson and the writer on Wednesday, October 31st. The following parts were examined and all parts were nor- mal except as noted. Parts examined : subcutaneous tissues ; mucous membranes; heart; lungs and pleure; alimentary tract; bladder ; post pharyngeal, mediastinal, bronchial, mesen- teric, portal and inguinal lymphatic glands; kidneys; and spinal cord in the anterior cervical region. Autopsy 1.—A ted steer calf in fair condition and ast four 824 M. H. REYNOLDS. months of age, had died about 36 hours prior to our visit. The carcass was moderately bloated, otherwise in fair condition for examination. The skin was discolored in places, especially where denuded of hair. The subcutaneous areolar tissues were emphysematous with fairly well-defined hzemorrhages, especial- ly marked at the throat and adjacent portions of the inferior cervical region. The superficial muscles beneath these infiltrat- ed areas were similarly involved. ‘The surfaces of the limbs below the knees, and hocks; did not show hemorrhages as in the cases previously reported by Drs. Wilson and Brimhall. There were no wounds of the skin near the feet that could be detected. ‘Tracheal, cesophageal, and laryngeal mucous mem- branes show marked inflammation, being dark, swollen and wet. The kidneys were probably normal at the time of death, but when examined they were soft and showed numerous light yel- lowish areas about 8 mm. in diameter. The lungs showed a few small, sharply defined hepatized areas, markedly resembling the peculiar lesions of swine plague. ‘The owner had noticed that this calf was quite lame, while sick, and it is interesting to note that in the examination, one of the peculiar areas of haem- orrhagic septicaemia was found involving the shoulder muscles, Several articulations showed ulcerations of the articular carti- lages, especially the humero-radial and tibio-tarsal. These ul- cerations were about 31 mm. long by 12 mm. wide. Fic. 1,.—Ulcerations of Tibio-tarsal Articular Cartilage. Tibia and os calcis. Johnson outbreak, autopsy No.1. Autopsy 2.—This was a red heifer calf, 7 or 8 months of HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA. 825 age, in fair condition. The animal had been dead about 48 hours, but showed less post-mortem change than No.1. So far as superficial parts are concerned the post-mortem findings of No. 1 will apply very closely. This is also true of the lym- phatic glands, mucous membranes and kidneys. The dura mater in the anterior cervical region had evidently been the seat of a very active inflammation. The lungs showed the pe- culiar hepatized areas of swine plague closely resembling those found in No. I. Caffrey Outbreak. The second outbreak studied by the writer in part with Dr. Wilson, occurred near Cokato. My first information came in the following letter : CoKATO, Nov. 26, Igoo. Dr. M. H, Reynolds, St Anthony Park, Minn.: DEAR Docror :—Mr. Caffrey, living two miles north, lost two cows about three days ago, and a third one is nearly dead now. The first cow was apparently well at night, and was found dead in the morning. The next day another cow was taken sick and I was called. The second cow was comatose, unable to rise, and diedin about twenty-four hours. Symptoms: This cow was lying on her breast with the head turned to one side as iz parturient paresis. She was comatose, her respiration stertorous ; temperature 101; pulse could not be taken. Post-mortem: There was cherry-wine colored serum in the abdo- minal cavity ; the small intestines were very badly inflamed; the liver was slightly swollen, dark and easily torn; the spleen was normal in size and a little darker in color than normal. The cephalic lobes of the lungs were inflamed, the heart had a parboiled appearance, and every- thing indicated a generalized septicaemia. Both.lungs were congested. This farm is situated at the southwest corner of Cokato Lake. Some of the land is low, some hilly. These cattle were fed on corn stalks, hay and shorts. Yours respectfully, HA HEA, -M. D.C; In company with Dr. Wilson the writer reached Mr. Caf- frey’s place on Nov. 29th. We learned that the Caffrey cattle had been kept in pasture as long as the grass was good, and 826 M. H. REYNOLDS. were stabled at night. Later in the season they had been fed on wild hay, corn stalks and shorts, the feed being apparently all fresh and good. ‘The pasture in which the cattle had been during the summer and fall contained both high and low ground with some timber and brush. The owner had noticed in those cases which had died before we reached the place, that the head had been drawn far back in some instances, and in others the head was held in the flank as in parturient paresis, these positions being assumed shortly before death. He had noticed no superficial swellings, but said that the animals seemed to have irregular chills) He had also found blood stained areas in all cases on the surfaces of the bodies after skinning. The sick animals had shown complete loss of appe- tite from the time they were first noticed ill. There had been no swine disease or chicken cholera in the neighborhood during the past season. The following deaths, 1-6 inclusive, were reported to us by the owner : Death 1.—A six-year-old cow in fair condition had appeared normal in all respects on the evening of Nov. 22, and was found dead the next morning, the owner not having supposed that the cow was sick. The cow had died in an easy natural position, as though resting. Evidently there had been no struggle. Death 2.,—Another six-year-old cow was found down on Nov. 22, early in the morning, seven o’clock. She was unable to rise, held the head in the flank and died on the evening of the 23d. There was persistent constipation. No superficial tu- mors. Death 3.—A spring steer calf, in good condition, was first noticed sick on the evening of Nov. 25. This animal tried re- peatedly to rise and failed. Died about 10 a. M., November 26th. Constipation persistent. Death g.—This was a four-months-old calf. The owner heard a noise in the stable about 2.00 a. M. on November 27th. He went out to investigate and found the calf jumping into the HEMORKHAGIC SEPTICEMIA. 827 manger and shoving the head against the wall. This calf died at II.00 A. M. with the head drawn far back. Death 5.—This was a spring calf, supposed to be in perfect health until the morning of Nov. 27 when it was found almost dead. The animal died a little later. Constipation persistent. _ Death 6.—An eight-year-old black cow in good condition, was first noticed sick Nov. 28th at 7.00 A. M., and found dead about 10.30 A. M. She dropped suddenly at 7.30, and subse- quently tried repeatedly to rise but could not. She lay on the left side with the head in the flank much of the time. Later the cow succeeded in getting on her feet, but fell suddenly with the posterior limbs spread outward and backward, the body dropping suddenly from a standing position to the ground. Later the cow drew up her limbs and lay over on one side in a rather natural position with the head swung backward. She struggled considerably but later died easily and slowly. Fic. 2.—General View of the Small Intestines. Caffrey outbreak, death No. 6. Showing many small, sharply defined hemorrhages on peritoneal surtace. Auiopsy.—The tissue lesions were rather severe. Both lungs showed considerable interlobular emphysema, which was marked in the ventral lobes. Petechize were especially marked on caudal lobes. Right caudal lymphatic gland was dark, swollen and showing petechiz. The diaphragm showed scattering petechiz on peritoneal surface of tendon. ‘The heart was markedly hemorrhagic, the hzemorrhages being both superficial and deep. The gall bladder was filled with a dark bloody fluid. Its 828 M H. REYNOLDS. walls were infiltrated and cedematous and the surrounding tis- sues were oedematous. There were petechiz on the third stomach penetrating the walls. Eighteen inches below the pylorus, the duodenum was cedematous and bedded ina yellowish gelatinous mass. The small intestines showed well-marked petechiz throughout. These areas were large and abundant. Fic. 3.—Section of Small Intestine. Caffrey outbreak, death No.6. Typical hemorrhages on peritoneal surface. There were petechiee in the kidney substance and upon the surfaces. The bladder walls were hemorrhagic, the mucous membrane being very much inflamed, thickened and softened. There was a small quantity of bloody fluid in the bladder. Spleen petechize were abundant and especially conspicuous. on the inferior extremity. Death 7.—TYhis was a black and white heifer in fair condi- tion, seven months old. (See Fig. 4.) This animal was first seen by Drs. Wilson and Reynolds at 2.00 Pp. M., November 29th. The temperature was then 98.6, the calf being out doors on a very chilly day. The respirations were very shallow but normal in frequency. The pulse was not taken. This calf stood with the back arched, shivering and apparently ready to HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA. 829 fall at any minute. The hair was rough; there was a slight filling at the inferior cervical region, and the eyes were sunken. The muzzle was dry. Fic. 4.—Yearling Heifer. Caffrey outbreak, death No. 7, thirteen hours before death. At 4.45 p. M. the calf was still out of doors, temperature 100.9; pulse 72, full, soft and fairly strong; respiration 20. The heart and lung sounds were normal so far as could be de- termined by auscultation. At 7.30 P. M. the temperature was IOI.1, respiration, pulse, etc., about as at 4.45. The calf was now put in the stable out of the wind, but the stable was cold. At 10.00 P. M. she was lying on the left side with the head resting forward on the ground. The pulse was 54 and much weaker ; temperature 99.9, respiration slightly irregular and somewhat jerky. The skin and underlying tissues over the body seemed very sensitive under pressure. This was especially noticeable over the abdomen. The calf had evidently failed rapidly since 7.00 Pp. M. The head was jerking spasmodically and unconsciously, the spasms affecting especially the cervical mus- cles. The pupils were dilated, muzzle dry and the neck seemed to be filling slightly at the throat. At 3.30 A. M. the calf was dead, lying flat on the side in a 830 M. H. REYNOLDS. rather natural and easy position. There were noted slight rigor mortis, moderate tympanitis and somewhat blood stained feces. The animal had died as nearly as could be estimated about 2.00 A.M. ‘The respiration had been slightly stertorous from 7.30 P. M. to 10.00 P. M., after which the animal was not seen until found dead. | Autopsy.—There was considerable serum in the abdomi- nal cavity and a small quantity in the pleural cavity. Both lungs were somewhat congested but showed no petechiz. The trachea contained an abundance of frothy material and the bronchi were moderately injected. The cesophageal mucous membrane was normal. The diaphragm had few small pete- ehize on pleural side. The liver showed a few small hzemor- thages on the spigelian lobe. There were a few moderate hzm- orrhages on the heart surface and on the endocardium. The duodenum was in a condition very similar to that described in the post-mortem record of death No. 6. It was involved in a gelatinous mass filled with yellow serum abont ten inches from the pyloris. The ileum was injected and the mucous coat showed areas of distinct inflammation. The rectal mucous membrane was very much inflamed. Subcutaneous hzmor- thages were present, but small and not well marked. None were noticed on the inferior cervical region or on the lower por- tion of the limbs. The plainest and most typical hemorrhages were on the liver, as already noted. Both the parietal perito- neum and parietal pleura showed very little that was abnormal. There was an old wound in the abdominal wall extending into the rumen about one inch in diameter. This injury must have occurred at more than a month prior to this examination. The stomach was adherent around the border of the abdominal wound and the abdominal cavity was thus shut off. The left humero-radial articulation showed one ulcer involv- ing the articular cartilage about 25 mm. long, oval in shape. The left tarsal articulation showed an oval ulcer about 38 mm. long. ‘The other articulations appeared normal. Post pharyngeal glands were enlarged, dark and markedly HZMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA. 831 hemorrhagic. ‘The dura mater was moderately congested with a little serum in the canal at the atlo-axoid articulation. The bladder was normal and very much distended with normal look- ing urine. The tissue lesions in this case were neither extensive nor se-_ vere, evidently a case of toxine poisoning. Death 8.—A red heifer about 18 months old and in good condition, was first noticed sick Nov. 30th, at 7.00 A. M. She had previously been in good health so far as known. When first noticed she was bellowing occasionally and standing apart from the other cattle. She refused her morning feed and was put in the stable about half an hour later. This calf soon went down and did not rise. At 7.30 the temperature was 99, respiration 22, pulse 14 and good. Respirations were full but somewhat stertorous. The horns were cold. Evidently the circulation was poor. Light colored fzeces were passed. At 10.30 A. M. the temperature was 97.8, having fallen 1.2 degrees during the previous three hours. Respirations were now 24 and markedly stertorous. Pulse could not be counted. The subject was failing rapidly. This case also showed the hyper-sensitive condition of the skin. At 12M. the temperature was 97.8, pulse was feeble and could not be counted. ‘The respirations were still stertorous, the expiration being accompanied by spasmodic jerking of the abdominal muscles. At 2.30 Pp. M. the temperature was 97, respiration about 24, and the heifer was lying stretched on the side. At 4p.M. the temperature was 96, respirations 24; pulse could not be counted. The heifer was groaning with each ex- piration. The head was very much drawn back and the body still sensitive under pressure. The animal died at 10.30 P. M. Autopsy.—A hasty post-mortem by the owner discovered what he described as bruised areas under the skin. Death 9.—A spotted heifer, three years old, was noticed sick on Dec. 2d,at'4.00 Pp. M.. She died at about 5.00 Pp. M., having 852 M. H. REYNOLDS. apparently been in the best of health until shortly before she fell dead. No hemorrhagic areas under the skin were noticed by the owner. Bedor Outbreak. The third outbreak which came under my observation oc- curred among the cattle belonging to Mr. John Bedor, living four and one-half miles east of St. Michael’s Station. Mr. Bedor had lost one animal on Dec. Ist, and another on Dec. 5th, both dying very suddenly and unexpectedly. These cattle had not been in standing corn. ‘The writer visited Mr. Bedor’s place on Dec. 7th, and held examination post-mortem. FIG. 5.—Hzmorrhages on Costal Pleura. Bedor outbreak, autopsy No. 5, death No. 2. Autopsy.—Bedor death No. 2. Parts examined: Subcuta- neous tissues, trachea, cesophagus, dura and cord, post pharyn- geal glands, thoracic cavity and contents, alimentary tract, spleen, liver and portal glands, pancreas, bladder, peritoneum, inguinal glands, humero-radial and carpal articulations. All parts normal except as noted. There was a circular hemorrhagic area involving the mus- cles just below the ischial tuberosity. ‘The trachea contained a moderate quantity of frothy fluid. Post pharyngeal glands were dark and hemorrhagic but normal in size. ‘The pleura showed a few small hemorrhagic areas on the diaphragm and a few on the costal pleura, (Fig. 5). The lungs showed in one HAMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA. 833 cephalic lobe, marked interlobular emphysema, similar to that described in autopsy No. 3 (Caffrey) and in the left caudal nu- merous hemorrhagic areas. On the endocardium of the right ventricle of the heart, were several fairly well-marked hzemor- thages, (Fig. 6). Bronchial and mediastinal glands were not . Fic. 6.—Hzemorrhages on Endocardium of Right Ventricle. Bedor outbreak, autopsy No. s. carefully examined, but were probably normal. There was one circular hzemorrhagic area on third stomach, quite typical. There were a few typical hemorrhages, 5 to 10 mm. in diam- eter on capsule of liver. Duodenum and rectal mucous mem- brances were markedly inflamed and swollen. Mr. Ralph Richner, a near neighbor to Mr. Bedor, reported that he had approximately 20 head of cattle in his herd Novem- ber 20th. Mr. Richner lost nine, most of the animals dying very suddenly, and the entire nine within a few days after the first case, which appeared on Nov. 2oth. His cattle had been fed shocked corn and other dry feed in the yard, and had not been in standing corn stalks at all. On skinning the animals and opening the carcasses, the owner had noticed that the livers 834 M. H. REYNOLDS. and stomachs were spotted. The intestines were not especially noticed. He would probably not have noticed any petechize on the intestines, even had they been present. Dark bloody spots were noted under the skin in some cases. University Experimental Farm Outbreak. History.—On June 6th, seven cows which had given a nor- mal flow of milk in the morning, gave practically none in the evening. Otherwise the cows were apparently normal. These cows were all noticed to be slightly ailing the next morning, with the exception of Dell2. This cow was down and could not be gotten up. The others showed little except dull- ness. ‘There was no rise of temperature; no evidence of pain or discomfort. When they attempted to walk, the gait was more or less irregular, resembling very much the gait of milk fever in its early stage. This became true of all cases sooner or later, and was of course more marked in some than in others. There had been nothing new or unusual in the care or feed or other environments of these cattle except that for a few days and nights they had been kept in a pasture which had received some sewage overflow from our filter beds, by reason of recent rains. A salt-box was located near the point where this over- flow stood and the cattle unquestionably drank of this water. No other cattle had been in the pasture for ten days. Symptoms, first period.—The symptoms during the first 24 to 36 hours were not marked except as to continued dullness, staggering gait and cold extremities. The skin was harsh and lacking sensation. This loss of skin sensation began at the posterior extremities and gradually extended forward. The milk flow was completely checked, or practically so in all cases. Second period.—After 24 to 36 hours, diarrhoea appeared, the discharge being dark and thin with very disagreeable odor. The breath in some cases was noticed to be offensive. Nervous symptoms gradually developed and were very uniform in all cases. — a HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA. 835 The symptoms during the second period were those which belong to a gradually developing nervous disturbance and were very typical of cerebro-spinal meningitis. The inability to walk naturally was continued, the gait being irregular and weak. The neck was usually bent to one side and the muscles, par- ticularly of the face and neck, were spasmodically contracted. During this period the animals, with the exception of Countess, a large Holstein cow, were still quiet, moving around very lit- tle ; but the eyes showed a wild, unnatural expression. The skin continued to lose sensation progressively forward. Coun- tess was continually groaning, or rather grunting with each re- spiration ; but not in evident pain. During this second period the animals commenced to chew in a nervous and very persist- ent manner, with more or less profuse flow of saliva. It is also to be noted that the temperatures remained normal or subnormal during this period. Third period.—This was one of intense activity. The eyes continued to grow more wild and unnatural; the grinding of the jaws more active and more constant ; the convulsions of face and neck muscles became more intense and then gradually a period of intense restlessness and activity, and death ended the scene in every case. Post-mortem symptoms.—Several of these animals were ex- amined and the symptoms as seen on examination post-mortem were fairly uniform. Meningitis involving the spinal cord or brain or both these organs was invariably present. In addition to this there were hemorrhages involving the subcutaneous tissues, and lymphatic glands in various portions of the body; also the pleurz, peri- cardium, and surfaces of various internal organs, particularly the lungs and auricles of the heart. Evidently we had here meningitis ; not the specific form of the disease but one probably due to another germ. The lesions seen on post-mortem are very suggestive of a ha:morrhagic septi- czemia infection. Diagnosts.—The veterinarians present, Drs. Lyford, Brimhall, 836 M. H. REYNOLDS. Annand and Reynolds agreed that the clinical symptoms and the results of examination post-mortem warranted a diagnosis of cerebro-spinal meningitis ; but the haemorrhagic conditions made it evident that we did not have the recognized specific type of the disease to deal with. (See Provisional Report on Bacteriological Examination, etc., by Dr. Wesbrook.) Source of Infection.—Owing to the fact that this particular outbreak occurred in a certain small portion of our herd and did not spread to other cattle on the farm, we were at first in- clined to suspect the water in one of our pastures. The affected lot of cattle (our milking dairy cows) had been recently turned into this pasture and a certain small pond had been contami- nated by sewage overflow from our filter bed, as already noted. But the fact that a few days later a virulent case of the same disease appeared in a heifer which had not, so far as known, had access to this water but had been kept in an adjoining pasture seemed to weaken this theory. In addition to this, the further fact that an experimental cow which was given this water only, for a period of about two weeks, gave her normal flow of milk and remained in perfect health, seems to disprove the sewage water theory as to source of infection. A careful survey of the history and surrounding conditions leaves us still in the dark except as to the following incident: A sheep died about a year before of typical hzemorrhagic septicemia. It is possible that the infection came remotely from this sheep and that the men- ingitis was due to germ infection, the germ of hemorrhagic septicemia being the exciting cause. It should be shown in further explanation that the sheep in question was buried in a field remote, considerably more than a quarter of a mile from the pastures wherein the disease appeared among cattle, al- though drainage is from this field toward the pastures in ques- tion. Other cattle have been kept during the interval in these pastures without harm. We do not know where the sheep re- ceived its infection. The cattle may have been infected from the same original source, or possibly there was an indirect in- fection from the dead sheep; but the latter theory seems very H-EMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA. 837 improbable. The sheep in question developed its disease and died in the sheep barn practically surrounded by other sheep, and yet we had no other cases among sheep at that time and none since. ; June 19, 1902, Dr. M. H. Reynolds, St. Anthony Park, Minn. DEAR DR. REYNOLDS :—Enclosed please find provisional report on the epizodtic amongst the cattle at the State Experimental Station. Yours very truly, F. F. WESBROOK, Director. (To be continued.) A DISPATCH from Denver, Col., has the following: ‘“‘ The death of a number of horses near Loveland is ascribed to the effects of refuse from the beet sugar factory there. State Vet- erinarian McCapes received word last night of the death of the animals and is making an investigation into the case. He is of the opinion that the farmers are mistaken.”—(Areeder’s Ga- cette.) A story comes from Colorado that is peculiar, to say the least of it. It seems that a great many dead horses are being found on the range in that State this fall and the cause of death is said to be the eating of sage brush last winter when feed was very scarce owing to the long-continued drouth. It is stated that the sage brush unless eaten in very large quantities does not kill the horses until the following year. Last winter there was hardly anything but the sage for the horses to eat and they apparently subsisted on it for some time. Now their dead bodies are to be found scattered all over the range. Atleast that is the substance of the story that a Kast from several sources in Colorado.—( Bre veder’s Gazette.) TE shire hall in the town of Oakham, Rutlandshire, Eng- land, was, and is probably now, embellished with a great num- ber of horseshoes which, as the story goes, had been levied from travelers under this ordinance: “If any nobleman or lordship enter precinct as an homage he is to forfeit one of his horse’s shoes, unless he redeem it with money.’? For centuries these shoes have been accumulating, so that the walls of the building were at one time covered with them. They were varied in shape and size, and many were gilt, some of them having been given by monarchsand princes ; in fact, it is stated that a Duke of York once paid a silver shoe, such an impost being due from every scion of royalty who rides across that country. 838 WwW. L. WILLIAMS. RETAINED AFTERBIRTH IN COWS. By W. L. Wiliams, V. S., PROFESSOR OF SURGERY, NEW YORK STATE VETERINARY COLLEGE, ITHACA, N. Y. Read before the 12th Annual Meeting of the New York State Veterinary Medical So- ciety, at Brooklyn, Sept. 9 and 10, Igo2, We cannot absolutely define, in point of time, what consti- tutes retention of the secundines, since what we may deem de- layed expulsion in one case, may readily be regarded as per- fectly normal in another, although the duration of time elapsing between parturition and expulsion of foetal membranes be the same in each. A heifer usually expels the foetal envelopes more tardily than the adult cow, and the expulsion of membranes is usually more prompt where the fcetus has been carried to full term, than in case of premature birth or abortion. Retention is therefore a relative term, and signifies a delay in the expulsion of the foetal membranes of such a duration and character as to constitute a menace to the health of the patient. This period is usually reached in from twenty-four to forty- eight hours after calving, but danger may occur earlier, and is not infrequently delayed later. The symptoms of retention are usually too evident to be mistaken, consisting of the protrusion of portions of the secun- dines from the vulva, with a variable discharge, and symptomis of local and constitutional disturbances of great diversity, ac- cording to conditions. In some cases there is complete retention, no parts being visible, when the disease may be expressed by vulvo-vaginal discharge, or this may fail, and especially where only a small portion of the membranes remain there may be present only symptoms of septicaemia, and our attention is called to the uterus chiefly through the history of recent parturition without other evidence of disease, and suspicion is set at rest by manual exploration of the genital passages. In rare cases we meet with eversion of the uterus or vagina and with tetanus as complications. RETAINED AFTERBIRTH IN COWS. 839 The causes of retention of the foetal membranes will not be fully known until the method of detachment and expulsion is understood. We do not know why birth takes place at a cer- tain time, nor why it should be almost immediately followed or accompanied, or even preceded by expulsion of the foetal mem- branes. Writers on veterinary obstetrics generally recognize two chief classes of causes for retention—inflammatory adhesion of the foetal to the maternal placenta, and tardy involution of the uterus. This first is largely theoretical and not well verified by clinical evidence. The possibility of such a state may well be admitted, but we find no convincing clinical record to such ef- fect. The condition probably occurs but rarely; the cases so termed being, in our judgment, generally errors in diagnosis. The real condition being a placentitis, causing tumefaction of the maternal placenta, resulting in incarceration of the tufts of the foetal placentze, rendering them undetachable. Tardy involution of the uterus, if not the prevailing cause, is certainly almost a constant condition. But we need not ac- cept the presence of this state as the cause of retention. If we place a pack of gauze in the uterus and retain it there, the or- gan relaxes, becomes flacid, paretic, and it would seem that the presence of the afterbirth might also exert a retarding influence on uterine involution. In some cases we note further that clin- ically the involution may be fairly prompt, but a few maternal cotyledons being inflamed incarcerate and firmly retain some of the foetal placenta. Neither is complete uterine involution essential to expulsion of the secundines, for we not rarely see in delayed labor, the foetal membranes detached in part or wholly, and very rarely even expelled prior to the expulsion of the fcetus. It would consequently appear that tardy involution may be rather coin- cidental or a parallel condition to, rather than a fundamental cause of retained foetal envelopes, and that the real cause may be best sought in a general interruption of uterine functions, which includes involution as one of its most prominent activities. 840 Ww. L. WILLIAMS. We might compare these complex uterine functions to those taking place in the alimentary tract during the process of diges- tion, where muscular contraction of the walls of the digestive tube is constant, but in itself is totally inadequate to digest ali- ment, certain glandular and other activities being essential parts of the function. The thought that uterine contraction suffices to detach the foetal membranes might be accepted in some animals, but with the cow we have no knowledge of any muscular elements in the maternal cotyledons, beyond those of the blood vessels, and it is difficult to understand how the contraction of the uterine walls can affect the attachments existing between the maternal coty- ledon and the fcetal placenta. At times, moreover, the contrac- tion of the uterine walls constitutes the chief cause of the te- tention. We feel warranted in concluding from the foregoing obser- vations that uterine involution plays only a subsidiary part in the expulsion of the foetal membranes. The causes of tardy or incomplete involution along with general derangement of the uterine functions may be very num- erous, among the most prominent of which are debility of the patient, exhausting labor, premature labor or abortion, placen- titis, metritis, wounds of the uterus, overstretching of uterine walls by hydrops amnii, etc., parturient paresis. The treatment of retained membranes should be based upon a rational understanding of the causes at work in each given case. For example, in parturient paresis it will usually suffice to pay general attention to the paresis, and upon its iia the placenta will ordinarily be expelled. When due to debility of the animal, tonics and stimulants are indicated, while in case of wound, metritis, placentitis, etc., where infection plays the chief réle, effective means of disinfec- tion are called for, and in fact we might say that the ultimate ob- ject of all plans of treatment of retained foetal membranes is to bring about disinfection of the uterus and vagina. Before these can be undertaken rationally, careful manual RETAINED AFTERBIRTH IN COWS. 8il exploration of the uterine cavity is essential. Most writers and practitioners have greatly overdrawn the repulsiveness and dan- gers of such examination. Properly conducted it is not very disagreeable nor highly dangerous. Before inserting the hand into the uterus with its putrid contents, the organ should be thoroughly flushed out with 5 to 10 or more gallons of a tepid disinfecting solution of, say, 1% of lysol. he operator’s hands and arms should be thoroughly disinfected with a carefully se- lected preparation. Wounds, or abrasions on the hands or arms are always dangerous and are perhaps best guarded by cauteriz- ing the parts, and then saturating the cautery scab with a reli- able disinfectant. Most infections probably occur through the hair folliclesand sweat glands, and ordinary disinfectants do not penetrate these. We have been led to conclude by our observations that operators who sweat freely most readily become infected. Two plans for avoiding infection through the hair follicles and sweat glands suggest themselves. Astringent antiseptics, like permanganate of potash or nitric acid, may tend to constringe or occlude the glandular openings in the skin, or disinfectants having the power of penetrating through sebum, etc., into the cutaneous glands and being de- posited therein in a solid state, like an alcoholic solution of cor- rosive sublimate, the tincture of iodine, etc. Examination may reveal a variety of conditions, which we may consider in three chief groups. 1. The afterbirth may be wholly detached and merely re- tained by contraction of the cervix or other mechanical impedi- ment, or may be partly or wholly attached in such a manner as to allow of its ready detachment, the foetal tufts separating easily from the maternal cotyledons, none of the foetal papillee remain- ing behind in the cotyledon when mechanical separation is properly attempted. The only handling required is the careful manual detachment of the foetal from the maternal cotyledons, the withdrawal of the secundines from the uterus, and thorough flushing of the uterine cavity with a mild disinfectant solution. 842 WwW. L. WILLIAMS. 2. ‘The membranes may be firmly attached to the maternal cotyledons and any attempt at separation will result in wound- ing the maternal cotyledons, with attendant hemorrhages, and great increase of danger of infection, or the tufts or papillze of the foetal cotyledons break off and remain in the maternal pla- centa, the latter closing over them, rendering their presence a greater menace in this condition than if the entire membranes had been left undisturbed. In the absence of fever or marked irritation, it is bad surgery to attempt manual removal. It is advisable in such cases to stimulate the uterine functions and delay putrefaction of the membranes. A great number of drugs have been recommended to be given in such cases. Ergot has been lauded by some: probably more practitioners have favored the use of stimulants and car- minatives, such as various vinous distilled and malt liquors, with ginger, fenugrec, anise, fennel, etc., etc. The value of general stimulants and carminatives in favoring expulsion is doubted by few, but the reliance to be placed in these is not equally re- garded by various practitioners. Some rely on these almost wholly in nearly all cases. Injections of cold water are favored by some as stimulating uterine contraction. Injections of warm antiseptic solutions in large quantities have proven highly val- uable in our hands. ‘They arrest putrefaction of the membranes when used freely twice a day, and hasten the detachment by stimulating normal uterine functions. Internal medication as suggested above may well be combined with this method. Fi- nally when detached treat as under No. 1. 3. Placentitis may occur within a few hours after parturi- tion; the cotyledons are tumefied, much enlarged, firm, and the tufts of the foetal membranes are incarcerated in the maternal cotyledons, and held as if in a vise. ‘These incarcerated foetal papille are putrefying, causing septiceemia and high fever. Such conditions brook no delay and call for the most affective disinfection possible. ‘Tearing away the foetal from the mater- nal cotyledons only adds to the danger, already great; the in- jection into the uterus of large volumes of disinfectants can ex- kETAINED AFTERBIRTH IN COWS. 843 ert but feeble influence on the disease processes going on deep within the enlarged cotyledons. As a rule the cotyledons in these cases can be detached without material hemorrhage, and if so they should all be carefully pinched or twisted off, and the uterus fiushed out with disinfectants. Fleming mentions this - process as having been done by empirics. It is equally proper and salutary when done by the educated veterinarian. It corre- sponds in its effects to the curetting of the placenta of women. We must look upon the maternal cotyledon in this case as a vast diseased surface, in contact everywhere with the necrotic, putrefying papillz of thefcetal placenta. If we remove the ma- ternal cotyledon at its neck, we leave a wound area probably less than 1/1000 of the area of contact between the maternal and foetal cotyledons and in a tissue in a state of health more capa- ble of resisting infection. If we delay action and the animal survive, these cotyledons become necrotic, drop off and are eventually expelled. We have observed the temperature drop 3 or 4 degrees in a few hours after removal of the cotyledons and antiseptic flushing of the uterus. The operation is advised in proper cases only, where the placentze are enlarged, firm and rapidly becoming necrotic, and accompanied by high fever. We have observed fatal haemorrhages where such an operation was attempted by a charlatan almost immediately after calving where no action was really indicated. To recapitulate, we meet with three chief conditions call- ing for as many distinct plans of handling. A—Cases where the afterbirth is readily or completely de- tachable, in which it should be removed manually, and the uterus flushed out with antiseptics. B—Cases where the afterbirth is not detachable without violence, in which cases ecbolics, carminatives, and stimulants, internally, with repeated uterine injections of warm antiseptic solutions are indicated. C—Placentitis, in which removal of the cotyledons is to be recommended. In all cases of prolonged manipulation, frequent injections B44 Ww. L. WILLIAMS. of large volumes of antiseptics are of the highest importance, modifying greatly the repulsiveness of the operation and reduc- ing to the lowest degree the danger of infection both to opera- tor and patient, facilitating the operation by washing away the debris and by stimulating uterine contractions, which serves to bring the farther parts of the uterus more readily within the operator’s reach. In addition a large volume of antiseptic solution should be kept at hand and the operator should thoroughly wash his hands and arms in this at intervals of a few minutes. When the work is done, any fetor remaining on the opera- tor’s hands and arms is best removed by bathing in a hot solu- tion of permanganate of potash and the stain therefrom removed by washing in a strong solution of oxalic acid. It is needless ‘to say that the clothing to be worn during the operation should be of a character readily sterilized by boiling, and the less worn the better as far as compatible with temperature and environment. THE Veterinary Journal (England) announces in its No- vember number that its publishers will, after this year, reduce the annual subscription to twelve shillings, instead of eighteen shillings, as in the past. It will also inaugurate the unique feature of issuing a ‘“‘ Weekly Bulletin,” gratis to readers of the Journal, which will contain professional advertisements, prac- tices for sale, practices wanted, assistantships vacant, assistants wanting places, /ocum ienentes, government and service vacan- cies, ete. OuR esteemed contemporary, the /ournai of Comparative Medicine, is rapidly regaining lost ground, occasioned through the indisposition of its editor, it having published two numbers in rapid succession, with promises of the remaining delinquent issues, the September number reaching us on November 2oth. Its usual monthly visits were greatly missed by its readers, and we trust that it may soon make. its welcome appearance with that regularity which is essential to successful journalism. AN actress was presented with a tiny watch, the size of a five-cent piece. She went to sleep with the time-piece in her hand. .In the morning it was missing. Later, suffering great gastric pain, the X-ray was applied to her body and the yi was discovered in her stomach. DIAGNOSIS BETWEEN BURSATTEE, FURUNCULUS AND FARCY. 845 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS BETWEEN BURSATTEE, FURUNCULUS AND FARCY. By C. C. LyForp, M. D., V.S., MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. Read before the 39th Annual Meeting of the American Veterinary Medical Association, Sept. 2-4, 1902. I shall not attempt to consider the pathological differences between these diseases, as no satisfactory bacteriological or his- tological analysis has been completed of either bursattee or furunculus, while with farcy alone has the germ been suff- ciently well demonstrated to be considered authoritative, and with which germ you no doubt are all familiar. Drs. Burk and Smith, both of India, have considered bursattee at quite a con- siderable length, but have not proven their convictions. I wish more particularly to call your attention to some of the most important facts regarding their external differences, as we meet them in daily practice, so that when once seen they may be easily recognized and a diagnosis arrived at by elimina- tion of one or more of these diseases. I also have for your con- sideration a clinic, consisting of several well-marked cases of these diseases, which can be seen on Friday morning at the Ex- perimental Station, when a demonstration will be given. Bursattee is to all appearances (especially at the outset) an epithelial disease, making its appearance on the surface of the body, involving not only the epithelial coverings of the skin, but the mucous membranes as well—generally those externally exposed—such as the organs of the eye and mouth, vulvee in females and glands and prepuce in males. These organs are rendered more susceptible on account of the moisture which is more or less abundant around these parts. In long standing cases this disease has a tendency to and almost invariably does develop internally, affecting commonly the kidneys and liver, when the hard nodular particles known as “kunker” are to be found. Bursattee is a warm-weather affection, being very suscepti- ble to cold, heat and moisture. Cold weather retards its devel- 846 Gc) C. LYFORD: opment and ravages, consequently hastens the healing process. Heat and moisture facilitate the development and spread of this disease, while hot, dry weather is less favorable for its de- velopment (even though excessively hot) than when a consid- erable amount of moisture is present. During the summer of 1901 I saw fewer well marked cases than in any year prior to this since 1880, the heat being almost unbearable, the moisture limited. This season has been exceptionally cool, with rain storms more severe and often than in previous years, and while bursat- tee has failed to develop even to the same extent as last year, many cases which have returned regularly on previous sum- mers have failed to make themselves known so far this year, while those which have appeared are less well marked. I will notice here but one case, which will be presented at the clinic, to show how a rain and a hot day increases the growth and decreases your chance of healing the sore, for the time at least. No. I.—Aug. 1st, 1902, was called to see brown gelding be- longing to Day Lumber Co. Said gelding was suffering from bursattee, one sore only being apparent, though it was some 14 inches in diameter, located on crest of rump, presenting an an- gry, red appearance, with the usual grumous discharge mixed with blood, the animal being tied to prevent him biting. the part, though he would occasionally throw himself to relieve the itching and drive off the flies. I had an application of one part of tincture of iodine to ten parts of tincture of iron, used on parts three times a day for seven days, when the horse was put to work, the sore having been reduced to 9 inches in diameter. On the 15th of August I saw the case and he was to all appear- ances doing nicely, though a small sore had appeared under the left eye, being about the size of a filbert. The discharge from this sore followed down the nose, so that on the 2oth ult. an- other sore was noticable under the nose band, over lower part of nasal bone. About this time it rained for a couple of days, and the previously cool weather was somewhat warmer ; the sore DIAGNOSIS BETWEEN BURSATTEE, FURUNCULUS AND FARCY. 847 accordingly took on a new growth, and the patient was sent to my infirmary for treatment. Since that time until Aug. 28th the case has done nicely, with little or no discharge, but Aug. 29th and 3oth it rained and weather became much warmer, with the usual effect on bursattee sores. Aug. 31st the sore . presented a mass of red flesh with slimy discharge,—elevated nodules, varying from one to three inches in diameter, studding the surface of the sore. Furunculus and Farcy may or may not implicate the skin and mucous membranes, but often the abscesses are located sub- cutaneously and when broken discharge externally. Farcy more commonly affects the lymphatic system, conse- quently may be superficial or deep, varying in depth from the slightest covering to one or more inches. The appearance of farcy buds is generally preceded by an cedematous swelling and pain, and increased temperature. The size of the abscess varies from a pea to’stveral inches in diameter. The discharge is very cohesive, so that when the abscess is punctured the pus escapes like a bleb of cooling glass, carrying a long tail of ad- hesive pus with it, which soon breaks, and a second follows in like manner. I consider this a very distinctive and reliable characteristic of farcy, and when we have the mallein test to fall back on, there should be no hesitancy in decision—New York City official veterinarians notwithstanding. Furunculus (carbuncle of the coronary band) makes its ap- pearance as a rule below the fetlock, commonly affecting the coronary band, but it may appear further up the leg. If it starts below it is liable at any time to extend up the leg, induc- ing a slough of gangrenous nature, of the tissue involved, tak- ing not only the skin, but subcutaneous tissue—even blood vessels, nerves and ligaments, causing open joints, and in some cases loss of the hoof. In more severe cases death may occur within 48 hours from time of its first appearance, either from septicaemia or hemorrhage. Furunculus is usually ushered in with a chill; temperature varies from 105° to 107°, with symptoms of extreme pain. 848 -- ©, C. LYFORD. The swelling of the parts involved is not often excessive at the outset, but increases as the disease advances, until the skin is completely filled, as in cases of lymphangitis, consequently the foot is generally loosened at the coronary band, and the horny frog is thrown off, even though the disease proper does not in- volve these tissues. As a consequence, if the hoof is not given the proper care, the entire hoof will be exfoliated, leaving the sensitive laminze unprotected. The pain is not confined to the tissue involved, for as a rule within 24 to 36 hours the tissues covering the slough are dead, and upon being removed leave a ragged sulcus varying greatly indepth ; with the edges of the surrounding tissues extremely sensitive. This, as a rule, is only the beginning of what proves to be a very protracted case, and as other tissues become involved, abscesses commonly ap- -pear in adjoining structures, but more often appear higher up the affected leg, and not uncommonly a metastatic swelling ap- pears on the other parts of the body, seldom taking a down- ward course, as in bursattee.. Symptoms of pain are common, such as swaying back and forth in the stall, pawing, striking or kicking with the affected limb. I well remember a case I saw with Dr. McEachran, at Montreal; when we went to make the second visit found the side of the barn had a hole kicked through it, with blood-stained boards, and parts of a broken halter, were all that remained to tell us what to expect of the patient, who was afterwards found nearly a mile from thestable, dead. The case which I have to present you at the clinic is simply one that has recovered, but still has a thickened leg with nu- merous scars that might easily be mistaken for the after-effects of farcy. Here again the mallein test proves its usefulness by negative results. . The serious effects of furunculus vary greatly from that of simple disfiguration to death,—or diseases which may or may not be favorable to treatment. Death generally comes from hemorrhage or septic conditions, while quittors, loss of hoof and open joints are the common complications. DIAGNOSIS BETWEEN BURSATTEE, FURUNCULUS AND FARCY. 849 Causation.—This is a question that induces a great deal of discussion and comment. I have noticed many articles in newspapers berating the street car system for salting the tracks to prevent snow and ice freezing to the rails. This really has no argument in fact, as I well remember the spring of 1877 in Montreal, when there was a regular epidemic of furunculus, there being upwards of 250 cases treated at the Veterinary College, and at that time no wheel street cars were run in winter, but in their stead busses on runners, and as a consequence no salt or other substance was used to keep tracks clear. Treatment.—After several years of trials and tribulations with bursattee sores, with all forms of antiseptic dressings, styp- tic, caustic, counter-irritant and emolient, I have found but one remedy which I consider really valuable as a curative agent in severe cases. That is a mixture of cantharides and biniodide of mercury blister, repeated every two or three days. To pre- pare the sore for blister give several applications of tincture of iron just prior to blister. This stops the oozing of the surface, which would otherwise prevent action of blister. In small bur- sattee sores, when it is possible to remove them by enucleation, good results can sometimes be had. Furunculus has, so far as I know, no real agent that is in- fallible, though my best results have been obtained by using tincture of iodine, one part, tincture of iron, five parts, applied directly to the sore, and painting parts surrounding it. I also apply strong tincture of iodine above swelling, in hopes to pre- vent extension up the affected limb. Internal remedies, such as sulphide and hypo-sulphide of soda, and bicromate of potash, have been given in some cases with apparently good results. THE Kansas Live Stock Sanitary Board has issued a proc- lamation setting forth that Texas cattle from south of the fever line may be brought into Kansas between Nov. 1 and Dec. 31, if presented at certain points named and on inspection found free‘from ticks. Copies of the proclamation may be had on ap- plication to Secretary F. H. Chamberlain, Topeka, Kan. 850 C. NOCKOLDS. STATISTICS AS TO THE COLOR OF SURRA VICTIMS. By CoLEMAN NocKko.ups, M. D., V. S., VET. 1st U. S. CAVALRY, BATANGAS, P. I. In that admirable emergency report on “surra”’ gotten up by D. E. Salmon, Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry, Bulletin No. 42, page 97, suggestion No. 3, color is spoken of as a predisposing factor. The following, taken from official rec- ords of deaths from this disease in various outfits, may prove interesting. Date. Animal. Sex. Color. Age. Height. Weight. Sept. 7, Ig01 Mule | Horse | Irongray | 7 15.2 h.h. |1000 lbs. cc 30, “é «ec cc Brown 9 15.3 “ec I10o ce Oct ay fa; ai a3 “e 6 15 «6 IO00O «é “c 8, cs “e as ce 9 LOSE ce I200 ‘*¢ ees tera. UES ae Mare | Black 4 15:2 “ Sitesoms SPM: tesa gs Horse | Bay 9 16:1, 1S 9)|na@Gmees Re eee Les “ Mare Brown 9 16.1, ** ines ims 235 ce ce ce ae eT 52 ae 950 ce Si 96; je oe es ce Black 7 15.2" “yo iEeere Nov:.,6, < ee oH Brown 7 15.3)" aoe o, o Horse ef 10 15.3 .'° “"fiZegnees «6 12 ce ce 66 Gray - 7 I5 «e IOOO ce Oi (ge os “¢ Brown 8 15.3... |2oGmee ere ae Mare Ht 14 15.3 °° “toons ee tsp ss 6 Horse Black 9 15:3 -** Siivreoms net A OK a os Dun 25? 1) .15:2. «§( secs «eo 20, m3 cee ce Gray 6 14.3 «6 950 “<é orn 6 as Mare A 7 16 (CO T200%e oS PN) oe a ue Bay 9 16 >) |2s0as Wer, 2, << oe Horse Gray 8 15.3, ** .i/sOsmee ck st as Mare Bay 6 15 ue g50 ‘ Sues ata tt as Horse Black 8 15.2.) oe Rh ge Se Mare Gray 6 15:2, “° 9) eee Sa OU as Horse ¢ 9 15 ts LO50 ar ofr at us Mare Black 4 15.3. ‘' ‘}1eoow™ EP EES aia as s Bay 5 15 ‘* |TOeo ss ose e206 ar ne a Brown 9 aR seaiue he LO50n ae oT ae ce ae ae 7 Hee ae I050 ce ee AAS as Horse White 6 15.2 ** Ji Opies Sa 2a Horse | Geld. Gray 7 15 co” Tongues 7 4.2, 1000 ‘‘ Jan. I, 1902 Mule Mare Bay Of a train of transport animals attached to the Corps of STATISTICS AS TO THE COLOR OF SURRA VICTIMS. 851 Engineers which I had veterinary charge of at the time that surra existed amongst them, 30 mules and 1 saddle horse died out of 34, leaving three (3) alive, which consisted of 2 grays and 1 white. The following is a list given me by Mr. Root, who has charge of the depot corral; during the time that surra was at its worst they were directly under my supervision. Out of 582 horses and mules, those that died from surra were: Hoof Date. Animal.) Sex. No Color, Age. Height. Weight. Aug. I, 1901} Mule | Horse| 23 Gray 6 | 15.2 h.h. |ro0oo lbs. Gees 5... «|, Horse | Geld. | 53 ns SB lorhag. So inaoos: Cts a a Mule | Horse! 56 Bay Sito i ireeu a Serr. es “ as 58 Brown Jeo|tali=2) aaa | LOOO le Nov: 16, .‘‘ es Mare: "275 Black Oe WSS is fh, WELOO). Ks iO rt Horse| 76 Brown SF eee 2! °C." TOOOmers come Gite ** ee Mare 78 a eel lke yh ae 0 a Sy oo ‘« | Horse} 80 cee aloe urea © 4° fs noes eee Ai ut a 83 Bay ye | Wey BOs heroes Ut Se a2oe |< ot ie 5 Brown Orgs 8 rroor Were H 1 45 a Mare 87 Bay Ponies 65. A TEOo me Me Tes GC sie 88 sis 7 it (= ee 1000 ‘ se Dees ce Horse| 89 ae 8 hope? =<" I TOOOw.: Jane 10,1902)‘ Mare | IIo Gray Zenoss. OF ee Toe sss BMG | Mule | Horse) 123 Brown Opa BLS Ee aha | OOS Hens “° | Horse | Geld.'| 132 e OS Wekeee, fo _ |koOGs “+ evi foo, Mule | Mare | 134 Gray S| sieee (SOT TOOe Cis ea A 136 Brown Sila Geel = aos KOOOm Son Soe se Soll sys’ ES Sairrger 4 — inde. Marsr,” “* es as 197 fe Se erga 1000 ‘‘ nilverG,=<* | Horse | Geld. | 286 Black Qriz6 oe [Piao Of the 582 animals in the depot corral 40 were of light color; either gray, iron gray, dun or white (sorrels not counted). In the gquartermaster’s corral, 1st Cavalry, the wagon train consisted of 25 horses and 11 mules, of which 1 brown mule died of surra. ‘There were 2 roans and 6 grays in the train. The pack train numbered 4o mules and 20 horses, of which 1 brown mule died of surra; there were 2 duns and 9 gtays in the train. 852 C. NOCKOLDS. The following troops of 1st Cavalry averaged 85 animals each, of which 1 gray and 1 bay died from surra: Troops “A,” bays; ‘B,” bays; “C,” blacks 5.1 D> graysi “72 light bayse OL,” brown 5: ** M,” sorrels. In the quartermaster’s corral at Calumba, the following col- ored animals died of surra, after a number (30 I believe) had been killed on the recommendation of a board sent down from Manila to prevent the spread of glanders. This was before surra had been discovered in Manila. Animal, Sex. Color. Age. Mule Horse Black I2 ms Mare Brown a ut Horse Gray 5 is oe Brown 8 Ks Mare | e< 8 us Horse | Gray 8 cs ws | Brown 6 “e ins Gray 6 Le Gr Brown 8 a ge Black 6 «e ce Bay 7 oe Mare | Gray 8 ut Horse Brown 6 os iC Gray 9 = ¢ Buckskin 6 ce ce Bay 4 ss oF: Black 7 : * Buckskin Zebra 10 uC Mare Buckskin Zebra 6 In Tannan, a post near Calumba, 13 dark colored and one gray mule and one bay horse died from surra. The above was furnished by the veterinarian sent to Calumba and Tannan to take charge of the sick animals at these posts. ; About the same proportion, both as regards color and num- bers, died at many posts near points where 1st Cavalry troops were stationed and which I visited. It has always been evident that mules are more susceptible to surra than horses; that light-colored animals are attacked STATISTICS AS TO THE COLOR OF SURRA VICTIMS. 853 more frequently, in proportion, than dark colored. The same is true of animals that are not provided with shelter at night. It is also quite certain that surra is confined to certain local- ities ; for instance, I believe that no surra has occurred at this post except in cases where the animals were brought in with the disease, as none of the animals that have been permanently here have died from it, although mixing in some instances freely with surra-infected animals. A short distance from here, at and near Santa Cruz, immense numbers have died from surra, in some cases whole troops, 100 per cent. of the animals in a troop. A telegram to the Adjutant-General of this brigade was referred to me this week, which requested permission to de- stroy 17 of 18 remaining animals of a troop of 9th Cavalry, be- cause they were suffering with surra. It may be that there are not the right kind of flies to distribute surra at certain posts, as it is quite certain that animals at those posts do not take it, even though they sometimes are closely associated with animals from other posts, and which are undoubtedly affected with the disease. As to whether surra is a native of this country or not, from the conversation of intelligent natives, one of whom has been practicing as a veterinary surgeon at Batangas for twelve years and seems to be pretty well informed, having several very good works on the veterinary art (in Spanish), I gather that surra was unknown to them until about two years ago. They recognize simple cedema and several other diseases likely to be mistaken for surra, but are convinced that surra is a new arri- val in these islands. Surra does not appear to be prevalent in many coast towns. For instance, at Balayan, Taal, Limeray and Buaun, no cases have been seen either among troopers or transport animals, ex- cept one horse that was brought to Buaun by an officer from the 5th Cavalry. This horse developed a well-marked case and died, and although for a long time amongst the horses of “‘ K ” troop, none of them took it. The 6th Cavalry while stationed at Taal and Limeray, fed dried pea-vine and no green grass, and no surra was observed amongst them while there. 854 C. NOCKOLDS. During the fall of r901 I was commanded by General Sum- ner to send in a report on surra, and on my advice Lingard’s treatnient was adopted (Circular No. 2), Headquarters, 3d Sep- arate Brigade, Department of North Philippines. Although I believe some animals did derive benefit from being treated with Fowler’s Solution combined with iron and quinine, the cases were few and far between; after an animal was returned to duty often a relapse occurred. Arsenious acid, hypodermic in- jections of Fowler’s Solution, solution of mercuric chloride, potassium iodide and mercuric chloride, and quinine, were all thoroughly tried in turn, but without any brilliant results. The treatment of surra up to the present, has been eminently unsat- isfactory. Iron and quinine will cause an animal to pick up for a time; better and quicker than other medications that I have tried. Of course good food and shelter are necessary, or no treatment would be of avail. ‘‘PERMIT me to congratulate you for the splendid manner in which the REVIEW is bringing scientific veterinary literature to the front.”—(/. P. Turner, V. S.. Washington, D. C.) Dr. J. B. PAIGE’S ELECTION TO THE MASSACHUSETTS LEG- ISLATURE.—Prof. Paige, of Amherst, gets the largest majority of any of the candidates in Hampshire county, only four less than 600. He proved an acceptable candidate, and will bea valuable legislator, as he lias the faculty of doing business with his fellow men without any useless words or forms. Few men ever connected with the Agricultural College have so splendidly united the faculty of imparting information to the students and the ability to do the ordinary business of life with ease, speed and economy, as Prof. Paige. He will get better acquainted with the manner of doing business in the legislature in the first three weeks than the average new legislator would in a whole session. In securing legislation favorable to the Agricultural College he can be of little service, as that institution has seemed to be able to get about all it wanted, but as a help to doing the business of the state expeditiously and sensibly he will bea positive force. It needs more men to go to Boston, impressed in advance with the notion that less words, less law, less change, less special legislation is an absolute essential for Massachusetts su- remacy as the leader of the states.—(//ampshire Gazette, Nov. 5.) REPORTS OF CASES, 85 REPORTS OF CASES. “* Careful observation makes a skillful practitioner, but his skill dies with him. B by re= cording his observations, he adds to the knowledge of his profession, and assists by his Sacts in building up the solid edifice of pathological science.”’ Or FRACTURE BY MUSCULAR CONTRACTION. By T. S. Curbs, V. S., Saratoga Springs, New York. I was called to see the race-horse Dr. Hughes, owned by Senator P. H. McCarren and trained by Frank Brown, on August 14th, 1902. I found on my arrival a grand big good looking two-year-old colt, about 16 hands high, and would weigh over 1100. He was hopping around on three legs; could just barely touch the toe of the off fore-foot to the ground. fFfistory.—The horse had been in training all spring and summer, and had always done all that was asked of him, show- ing great speed, and was in splended physical condition. He was a Futurity candidate, and as a preparatory conditioner he was entered in this race to-day. He was in a good position in his race, and was running strong and with a regular stride, when all at once he stumbled and fell, injuring his rider so badly that it was found necessary to take him to the Saratoga Hospital, where he lay unconscious for several days and then died. On examination I found a small abrasion on the upper third of the back part of the forearm ; just as if struck by the toe of the forefoot of another horse—as if he had been jumped on, but I was assured by Mr. Brown that such could not have been the case, as he had the field-glass on him from the start until he fell, and that there was no horse near enough to him to do so at the time. Diagnosis.—I made a diagnosis of fracture of the ulnar, in all likelihood due to muscular contraction. The animal was removed to the Saratoga Veterinary Hospital, where he was kept until Sept. roth, when he was doing very nicely. He did not like to stay in slings, so was let down. At 2.30 A. M. on the 11th, he became cast, and in getting up he refractured the ulnar. So at 7 o’clock a. M. he was de- stroyed. I have the ulnar, showing an oblique fracture, involv- ing the articulation toa slight degree. I may add that this is the first case of fracture due to mus- cular contraction that has ever come under my personal ob- servation. 856 REPORTS OF CASES. STRINGHALT. By HENRY TWEEDLEY, M. R.C. V.S., Buffalo, N. Y. In the Recuerl de Médecine Veterinatre, 1887, I find the fol- lowing remarks concerning section of the lateral extensor of the phalanges for stringhalt, the reading of which has caused me to add my experience of this operation : “In certain cases, section of the lateral extensor of the phalanges gives favorable results. Introduced by Boccar, and repeated successfully by Delnart, Bragnier, Palat, and Guittes, this operation does not merit the neglect into which it has fallen. The operation is extremely easy to perform. Having located the position of the tendon, the section is made towards the mid- dle of the distance comprised between its point of junction with the anterior extensor of the phalanges and the bend of the hock. A clean incision of the skin made in the direction of the hair brings the tendon to view; it suffices to raise and cut it above and below at a distance of one to two centimetres. The opera- tion is completed by a suitable dressing. Suture is to be avoided.” Reading the above has induced me to bring forward a case upon which the operation seemed to be completely successful. The subject, an eight-year-old saddle gelding, was as badly affected with stringhalt as one might see. I was repeatedly asked if I could do anything for him, and, not liking to confess my inability, relying on this operation, I answered in the affirmative ; but, being littie sanguine of results, I was in no hurry to begin. Being in the stable one day, I was unable to get out of it, and was forced to try what I could do. I made the incision as above indicated between the bend of the hock and the point where the tendon of the lateral extensor of the phalanges joins the anterior extensor, inserted a curved bistoury and cut the ten- don (one incision). I bandaged the wound, and afterwards gave very little attention to the case, as I did not look for any very special result, the operation besides being performed without any special preparation and under disadvantageous cir- cumstances. To my astonishment, such an improvement occurred that one could scarcely detect any stringhalt, although previously it was an extremely bad case. At the present day, five years since the operation, the horse is driving every day in the streets of Buffalo practically cured of the stringhalt, at times only a very slight appearance being seen on one limb. No one who reads this can be more surprised — REPORTS OF CASES. 857 at the result than I was. It certainly is worthy of trial in severe cases of stringhalt, although to my mind it is hard to see from an anatomical specimen how this tendon or muscle can have so much to do in flexing the hock. If in this case section of the tendon did not induce the result then it must have been a case of spontaneous cure. PROLAPSUS OF THE VAGINA IN BITCHES.* By Roscoe R. BELL, D. V. S., Brooklyn, N. Y. Prolapse of the vagina in bitches is very much more com- mon than the same condition of the uterus; in fact, Georg Muller, in his work ‘“ Diseases of the Dog,’’ does not believe that the uterus ever becomes wholly prolapsed. He mentions that one horn may pass out of the vulvar opening, but claims that it would be an anatomical impossibility for both cornue to doso. The body of an unimpregnated uterus is a very small organ, it being but a very short chamber from which the horns bifurcate before it assumes much size. The vagina, however, is comparatively large, with flabby, dilatable walls, which in the excitement of cestrum become thickened by congestion, and is easily prolapsed. This is particularly the case with certain breeds, notably the St. Bernard, which is quite apt to become in this condition with the first heat ; which, however, usually re- turns without interference, upon the subsidence of the function, not to again reappear until the next rutting period. It is not so easily gotten rid of the second time. It is larger, and hangs out persistently, becomes crusted and hardened. ‘The mucous membrane loses its soft, delicate appearance and feel, and be- comes dry and harsh, and sometimes cracks. The surgeon called in at this time, has the organ fomented with warm anti- septics, lubricated with olive oil, and after some little difficulty returns the enlargement back into the vaginal cavity, straight- ening out the folds of the membrane, permitting the fingers to remain in position for a varying length of time. Upon releas- ing pressure, and giving the animal its liberty, he gets his re- ward by observing the tumor reappear in a short time. He then adopts mechanical means to retain it, and selects one of several methods that suggest themselves. One of the more common ways is to pack the vagina with sponges or gauze and take a couple of stitches in the vulva, allowing them to remain in for 48 to 60 hours, which is sometimes successful, but in the majority of cases the removal of the sutures is a signal for a * Read before the November Meeting of the Veterinary Medical Association of New York County, 858 REPORTS OF CASES. new prolapse. Or the surgeon decides upon simple suturing without the insertion of a retaining pessary, which is less likely to be effective. I have tried the method of inserting a rubber bulb into the body of the uterus, having a tube leading out of the vulva. By dilating the bulb with air and tying the end of the tube which hangs from the vulva the organ would remain in situ if the animal would permit it; but she invariably bites off the tube, permitting the air to escape, the bulb to collapse, and prolapsus to occur more readily than if the foreign body were not present. Every other means failing, he at last advises the owner to have the organ amputated, which is more or less successful. A month or two ago such a case was brought to our atten- tion, and we decided to perform ovariotomy, removing at the same time a large section of the horns, believing that when the attachment of the horns to the broad ligament were severed the remaining stumps and the body of the uterus would fall to the floor of the abdomen, thus dragging back into position the pro- lapsed vagina, and as the genital excitement would at once sub- side upon the cessation of cestrum the congestion of the or- gan would disappear and the walls would shrivel. Upon this hypothesis my assistant, Dr. Shaw, and myself undertook the operation through the left flank, using strict antiseptic meas- ures, but without anzesthetics, it being our experience that more deaths occur in dogs from their use than from the effects of such operations. After drawing the left cornua through the in- cision it was removed with a small emasculator, the stump re- turned, and then the right one was treated.in a like manner, the incision being closed by two sets of interrupted catgut sutures, one in the abdominal muscles, the other in the skin. The next morning the tumor was shriveled to half its former size, and by the following day it had disappeared, and in four days the pa- tient was virtually well, the wound healing by first intention. The bitch was returned to the owner at the end of one week. I have seen her many times since, and she has never had a return of the trouble and in my judgment never will. This experience has decided my course in the future, for I have had experience with many such cases, where the prolapsus would become permanent after the second occurrence. It would appear that the removal of the horns, or a portion of them, is preferable to amputation of the uterus, since the weight of the released organ is more conducive to a return of the vagina to its normal portion. EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 859 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. GERMAN REVIEW. By ApoLeH EICHHORN, D. V. S., Bureau of Animal Industry, Milwaukee, Wis, RESULTS IN THE TREATMENT OF TETANUS WITH BRAIN Emutsion [| Dr. /. /vebiger|.—Following the results of the ex- periments of Wassermann and Takaki, by which brain and spinal cord substance in emulsion have a bounding action on tetanus toxins, Schindelka, Reisinger, and the author, have tried the brain emulsion in treating horses affected with tetanus. For preparation of the emulsion, was used at first, the brain of rab- bits, later from sheep, which are more susceptible to tetanus. Brain and medulla, mixed with a physiological salt solution, are very finely ground in a mortar, after which the emulsion is filtered through gauze, and squeezed. The injection was made subcutaneously on both sides of the neck, with Paltauf’s infu- sion apparatus. Asa rule,a half liter of the emulsien was used. In all, during the time of 15 months, 25 cases of tetanus came under observation, of which 20 were treated with brain emul- sion. Of the injected horses, 8 died ; those not treated, all suc- cumbed. ‘The total of deaths therefore were 13=52%, against the usual death rate, which is 80%. In every case search was made for the place of infection, and the same treated with anti- septics. In the same way, special care was taken in nourishing the patient, in case of strong trismus, liquid food (flour gruel, milk with eggs, up to 8 liters a day) was administered with the irrigator. Medicines were not given, except Glauber salt, in cases where there was want of peristalsis. The appearance of abscesses at the place of injection was very troublesome, which in most cases caused considerable disturbance in the general condition of the animals, and prolonged the recovery. The course, in the cases where the injection was applied, generally manifested itself with more marked symptoms in the first few days; gradually they lost in severity, and slowly, after a few weeks, complete recovery took place. Other experiments must prove whether the diminishing of the death rate was due to chance, in the application of the emulsion therapy. By all means, this method of treatment is as successful as other meth- ods applied, is cheaper than the serum therapy, and the material is easier obtainable. This method can also be easily applied in every-day practice.—(Zeztsche. f, Thiermed. ) 860 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. THE THERAPEUTICAL APPLICATION OF FORMALDEHYD IN Sorip Form [/. Glage].— With the addition of 2-20 vol- ume per cent. of formaldehyd, the colostral milk of cows co- agulates to a uniform solid mass; according to the quantity added, the stiffness is brought on in from 10 minutes to 24 hours. ‘The resultant stiffness can be perceived from the fact that by inclining the vessel, the surface of the milk will not re- main horizontal. A collection of milk serum does not take place. For the production, only the colostral milk of a few days after birth is suitable. Less than two volume per cent. does not have the effect. The author generally takes 10 per ~ cent. The formaldehyd-colostral milk keeps for at least four . years, so far do the observations of the author extend. The mass can be easily broken, at the same time is of such a firm- ness that with a knife, wide, thin pieces can be sliced off. After removal from the vessel, the mixture is sliced to pieces— as bread, which are then dried until hard. The slices are then grayish, hard, and keep for years. From the slices a powder is easily rasped ; this work is disagreeable for the produced for- maldehyd gas. Both forms, the dry and the moist preparate, are very adaptable in the treatment of wounds. Especially the moist preparate is of very great value in cases where there is a durable, energetic, and deep disinfection needed.—( Deutsch. Thier. Wochenschr.) [Veterinarians in the country ought not to have any difficulty in making this very highly recommended cheap remedy.—(A. £.).] THE RESORPTION OF FAT AND SOAP IN THE SMALL INTES- TINES [ Prof. Dr. Gmeiner|.—The question whether fat before its resorption in the small intestines undergoes chemical pro- cesses or solely changes physically and is resorbed as an emul- sion, has been recently considerably argued. To decide this question, Gmeiner studied the resorption of fat and soap in the small intestines, under the influence of mustard oil. It was found that the addition of mustard oil checks the re- sorption of soap solutions, while the resorption of fat emul- sion is considerably promoted. Therefore, it is very probable that fat is taken up as such, and before its resorption does not undergo splitting into soap.—(Zeztschr. f. Thierm.) THE RELATION OF PEARL, DISEASE (BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS) TO HuMAN TuBERCuLosIs [Dr. Max. Wolf|.—The autopsy on a man in Leyden’s clinic, showed with completely healthy lungs, tubercular nodules of the intestines, and miliary tubercles of the peritoneum and spleen. From the spleen a guinea-pig was in- EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES, 861 oculated, which died after eight weeks, of tuberculosis. From this again a calf was inoculated, which did not react to a tuber- culin test, and this calf developed pearl disease. Author con- cludes from this, that he succeeded in proving a case of pearl disease in man. On the other hand, he did not succeed in pro- ducing general pearl disease in another calf with the sputum of phthisic persons. In the discussion, Stadelmann remarked that he can conclude from Wolf’s results that he only succeed- ed in transmitting human tuberculosis to an animal. W. re- plied that R. Koch stated that human tuberculosis is not trans- missible to cattle, and by the positive results of the experi- ments it must be accepted that the described case was pearl adtsease transmitted to man.—(Therapeut. Mon. hefte.) BELGIAN REVIEW. By Prof. A. LrauTARD, M. D., V. M. AVIARY DIPHTHERIA—EXPERIMENTAL STUDY—VACCINA- TION—SEROTHERAPY [JZ. C. Guérin, of Pasteur Institute at Lille|.—Aviary diphtheria has been already the object of nu- merous investigations, and yet for the author a supplementary study was necessary. Upon the insistance of a distinguished breeder, this study was undertaken, and, although much diffi- culty was met in obtaining the proper material to make post- mortems and discover the microbic cause of all the trouble, this was, however, finally discovered, viz., a microbe which, in first culture, killed pigeon or fowl, and did not give rise to any effect in second culture, even in very large doses. Among its characters this microbe presents the peculiarity that it does not grow on natural acid potato, consequently cannot belong to the group of Pasteurella of Ligniéres, as it is mobile, nor to that of the Sa/monella, hog-cholera type. Its best media to grow in is a mixture of fresh peptonized bouillon with horse serum, in the proportion of 8to 1. A number of experiments made for its general study, and to establish the pathogeny to whicli it may give rise, have brought the author to the consideration of vaccination, one of the most important of the disease. His ex- periments seem to have been quite satisfactory, having ob- tained 15 successes out of 20 on one occasion, 75 out of 77 on another, and promising similar results in one other instance, where 165 chickens were treated. The subject of serotherapy 862 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. has also been corisidered by Mr. Guérin, and from the gesieral consideration of his works he arrives at the following conclu- sions: 1st. Of all poultry-yard animals, fzgeons are the most sensitive to aviary diphtheria; in him the virulency of the microbe increases and becomes fixed by successive passages. 2d. Experimental transmission of aviary diphtheria may be easily realized with pigeons, not only by inoculation, but also by injection of virulent products, in which on first plane must be placed the dejections of the sick ones. 3d. A solid active immunity can be conferred to animals liable to the disease by the inoculation of attenuated virus in the peritoneum. Made under the skin, those injections are effective: 4th. An anti- microbic preventive serum of great efficacy can be obtained from horses, which will confer to animals subject to the disease au active immunity by sero-vacctnation.—(Annates de Brux- elles.) CHRONIC DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA IN THE HORSE [Z. Zwaenepoel |. has been often described in veterinary publications, but seldom has the diagnosis been made during life. In some cases the animal dies almost instantaneously, in others the symptoms have nothing characteristic, and in others again the ring is so large that death is not imminent or that the presence of the organs in ectopic interferes but little with the respiratory func- tion. Such is the case in chronic hernia, where at first sight the diagnosis seems to be easy, auscultation and percussion per- mitting of the detection of the presence of the displaced organs. Still it is not always so, and there are cases where the trouble is not made out or even suspected. The case recorded by the author proves it. A horse had colics which were accompanied by such manifestations that his death was expected to soon take place. The next day he seems somewhat relieved; twenty- four hours later there is a return of the same trouble—dull pains, pulse 110, great dullness. Eserine and pilocarpine are given. During the night, fetid diarrhcea sets in, animal tries to take food, some improvement; yet, temperature is :aQa7a, pulse 64, respiration accelerated ; percussion is very painful ; auscultation reveals pneumonia on the left side, no respiration on the right. The next day matity has subsided on the right, but remains on the left. Gangrene of the lungs is manifested by the fetid breath. Fora few days the treatment is continued and the general condition improves. Still the colics were pres- ent; the abdomen much retracted; the thoracic matity re- ie i ia i i i i lk i” a, EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 863 mained alternatively uni-or bilateral,,but always higher on the left side. Twice borborigmus was detected on the right side. Finally, after being a month under treatment, the horse was de- stroyed. At the post-mortem the lesions of pneumonia were found in the left lung, the right was sound. An opening through the fleshy portion of the diaphragm, and measuring 30 centimetres in height and 40 in width, had allowed the passage into the thoracic cavity of the stomach, a portion of the duo- denum, the spleen, great omentum, with several circumvolutions of the intestines. These were lodged in the right pleural cav- ity by perforation of the median mediastinum. After review- ing and explaining the various manifestations of his patient, the author, taking all the symptoms into consideration, calls special attention to the borborigmus, the retracted condition of the abdomen, and the excessive soreness of the chest during percussion, which, with auscultation, ought to be repeated be- fore, during and after meals.—(Azzales de Bruxelles). PURULENT COLLECTION AND TYMPANITES OF A GUTTURAL PoucH [JZ Conreur|.—An outbreak of distemper occurred among broodmares and colts, and ten of the mares took the disease, recovered and had their colts. None of them took the disease. When weaning time came, one youngster was some- what sickly ; he eat little oats, but drank much milk. Soon he began to roar, and a swelling made its appearance on the right parotid region. This condition rapidly grew worse, and a diag- nosis of distemper with abscesses of the retropharyngeal lym- phatic gland and swelling of the subglossals. After four days the parotid has increased, and tympanitis is detected by percus- sion over it. The treatment consisted in puncture of the gut- tural pouch (method of Dieterichs, viz., incision of the skin and subcutaneous cellular tissue on a level with the inferior third of the wing of the atlas, isolation. of the parotid gland, division of the subparotid cellulo-aponeurotic fascia, which unites the mas- toido-humeralis to the sterno-maxillaris, and puncture of the pouch in the angle formed by the external carotid and the oc- cipital artery). ‘The pouch contained fetid gas and concreted pus. The whole was washed with phenic solution. Everything went well, when it was observed that the fluid of the injection thrown into the pouch did not escape through the nose. The Eustachian tube was plugged up. A grooved probe was then introduced into the guttural pouch, directed towards and pushed into the Eustachian tube, which was enlarged with a narrow- bladed bistoury. After this the washing of the cavity went on 864 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. perfectly and in a few days recovery was complete.—(Axnales de Bruxelles.) INSUFFLATION OF AIR IN THE RECTUM IN SOME FORMS oF Co1ics [JZ Hermans]|.—Blowing air into a depressed hollow organ has a tendency to make it resume its primitive form, and if it is a tortuous canal, enclosed in a cavity, there isa tendency, for some parts of this canal, to resume their normal relations. The author then thought that this insufflation could be used in some cases of colic, those due to changes of position. He had the occasion to try it with success in a two-months-and-a-half- old colt, which had colic since 36 hours, and resisted saline purgatives and repeated injections. With the hand pump used for bicyclute adapted on the body of an injection syringe, he threw air into the rectum, and when the insufflation was thought sufficient, the animal was exercised. After an hour defecation took place, and the colic ceased. For the author it is evident that this last treatment assisted recovery very much.—(Aznales de Bruxelles.) ITALIAN REVIEW. By Prof. A. Liaurarb, M, D., V. M. PATHOLOGIC IMPORTANCE OF THE LARVA GASTROPHILE IN THE STOMACH OF Horsss [ Prof. F. Perroncito|.—When these larvee, yet very small, arrive in the stomach, they introduce in the epithelium of the mucous membrane their mandibules, and by the two mandibular hooks, which develop later on, remain firmly attached to the gastric wall. They ordinarily penetrate the sub- mucous tissue by their cephalic ring, giving rise to the slough of the epithelium and to the formation of a cavity with raised and convex borders. But they may go deeper, as far as the fifth or sixth ring, filling completely the space due to the loss of sub- stance produced by their gradual development. The diameter of the cavity then varies between that of a simple prick to that of a large solution, more or less rounded. The bottom, formed by the sub-mucous tissue, is the seat of an inflammatory process, and the alteration may gradually involve the whole thickness of the stomachal wall. ‘The irritating action of the mandibular hooks and of the little prickles of their rings spreads upon a more or less wide range, even beyond the mucous dermis. When it reaches the first layer of the muscular layer, the connective EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 865 tissue proliferates and the wall of the stomach becomes thicker. Some preparations show diffused inflammation between the muscular fibres, which are disassociated, separated. The con- nective tissue of neoformation presses upon the muscular fibres and gradually atrophy them until complete disparition. In other points, the connective neoformations reach even the external muscular layer, which becomes also atrophied, and then all the tissue that forms the bottom of the ulceration is formed of neoplastic tissue, which becomes fibrous, hard and cicatricial. The peritoneum corresponding to these points is also often the seat of a special inflammatory process, which results in villous neoformations, isolated or not, visible to the naked eye on the external face of the organ. In a portion of the stomach, the wall was changed into a hard surface, which, under the micro- scope, was found infiltrated with calcareous salts spread in the sub-mucous tissue and the glandular layer as far as the destroyed muscular coat. Horses which carry larve of gastrophile are more predisposed to infectious diseases, as the pathogenous mi- crobes can penetrate easily by the numerous wounds or ulcera- tions due to the presence of the parasites. It has also been re- marked that influenza kills many horses affected with gastro- philosis, that typhus counts also many victims in those having the Gastrophilus intestinalis, that purulent or fibrinous pneu- monias terminate in general fatally, when they probably result of inoculations by the solutions of continuity of the stomach. It may be the same for anthrax.—( Gzornale della R. Acad. de Med. di Torino.) RARE CASE OF MEASLES IN Doc [JZ Gaméarotta|.—lf records are not missing of cases of measles observed in dogs, characterized as in pigs by the presence of the Cystzcercus cellu- Jos@ in the tissues and particularly muscles, the following is rather rare by the severity and the extent of the infection. The dog presented the symptoms of a nervous affection difficult to diagnose : dullness, stupid appearance, immobility; the head was carried to the left and elevated ; there were frequent closing and opening of the left eye; the right lateral biped carried closer to the centre of gravity, hence unsteady equilibrium. In walk- ing the animal moves to the left, in circles. He has shiverings, epileptiform convulsions; the skin becomes less and less sensi- tive ; mastication and deglutition at first difficult, become im- possible. The animal dies of starvation. At the autopsy the case was shown to be one of extensive measles. All the mus- cles of the trunk and of the extremities were stuffed with cys- 866 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. ticerci ; they were in the pleura, in the pericardium, in the peri- toneum. ‘The-heart and other organs were free, with the ex- ception of the brain, which was invaded ‘by a large number of those parasites, some of which were even in the spinal arach- noid.—(Vet. dt Campag. Rev. Vet.) A CASE OF OCULAR PARASITES IN A Doc |Dr Pietro Ghislent|.—This interesting case is published as a contribution to the literature on the subject, which seems to be without sim- ilar observation. A dog, about seven years old, had received a gunshot wound in the right eye, which, although recovered, left him with deficient sight, there being a large cicatrix on the cornea. ‘This cicatrix was on the lower half of the cornea and oval in shape. ‘The opacity of the cornea was complete at that point, but gradually disappeared towards the circumference. There was anterior synechia, the crystalline lens completely opaque and dislocated forward. ‘The convexity of the cornea was less marked than on the left eye. As there was no chance for treatment, the dog was destroyed. On examination of the eye, when by an incision the cornea was opened, a small quan- tity of sero-bloody fluid escaped with a small worm, white in color, round in form, measuring 4 mm. in length, aud moving actively. Examined by Prof. Andres, it proved to be a larva of pulex serraticeps, which is frequent in carnivora.— Clin. Veter.) CLINICAL CONTRIBUTION TO THE ETIOLOGY OF FACTAL PARALYSIS [Dr. Gzovant Gambarotia|.—Facial paralysis is a morbid trouble which, although frequent, has causes at times dificult to make out, and if those may be found of central ori- gin, as recorded by Prof. Bossi, Thomassen, Goubaux and others, they are also frequently of peripheric origin, such as bruises, accidental wounds or traumas of the nerve, pressure by patho- logic neoformation on the course of the facial nerve. In rela- tion with this, the author relates two cases where paralysis was due to traumatic influence due to a large buckle of the bridle which had interfered with the action of the nerve in one horse on the left and in another on the right side; and also that of another, which had received a heavy blow from the falling of a wooden bar on the right side of the head. In one case recovery followed the application of a light blister, another submitted to treatment was lost sight of, the third was condemned to be destroyed on account of his emaciated condition.—(// Nuovo Ercolant.) RADICAL CURE OF VENTRAL AND UMBILICAL HERNIAS IN EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 867 Coutts [Prof Angelo Baldont|.—The various modes of treat- ment resorted to in ventral and umbilical hernias present more or less objection, and, notwithstanding the success which has been obtained with the opening of the sac, reduction of the her- nia, resection and sutures of the ring, or, again, the reduction and suture without opening of the sac as in recent hernia, or, again, the closing and support of the ring by the overlapping of the abdominal walls as recommended “by Parascandolo ; or, again, any other means improved upon by others, accidents and prin- cipally the return of the hernia, has often been observed. The author has then decided to resort to the modus operandi used at the clinic of the Milan School, which he has modified, and consists in applying upon the base of the sac a strong metallic pin (s/ecca), after this has been pulled out as much as possible, closing the ring well with strong suture and the cutaneous wound sown over it. By this mode of treatment he has obtained the recovery of a large congenital ventral hernia on the median line of the abdomen, of a congenital umbilical hernia, and of a large ventral hernia of the left hypochondriac region. In all of these three cases radical recovery with complete closing of the wound occurred in a comparatively short time, about 30 days.— (Clinica Veterin.) SMALL TUMORS OF FILARIA IN THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY OF Bovines [Dr. £. Garino|.—The author has had opportun- ity in examining the peritoneum of bovines, especially on the posterior face of the diaphragm, small neoformations, flat, of various forms and diameter, which by their aspect and color might at first sight be taken for small tuberculous deposits. But in the majority of cases they were found to contain a fila- form body, white, more or less twisted in spirals, surrounded by a tissue of slightly rosy color, a few millimeters in thickness. The superficy of these little growths had a circomvular aspect, which might be compared to that of the brain. In some cases the central little body was not very visible. Varying in num- ber, the tumors, either single or again in numbers, were found on the serous covering of the diaphragm, especially on the mus- cular portion ; sometimes, however, on the aponeurotic, on the costal arch, and in a few instances on the renal capsule. In re- lation to the frequency of their presence, they have been ob- served in over 100 animals, in bulls, steers, or cows; they have not been detected in suckling calves. No extensive lesions of the peritoneum were found on their attachment, scarcely a slight alteration of a zone slightly opaque round the neoforma- 868 CORRESPONDENCE. tion. Evidently their presence did not give rise to any great disturbance. In examining the filiform white body which was found in most of them, in various shapes, it proved to bea worm of the filaria species, and having succeeded in extracting one complete it was recognized as Filarza labiato papillosa (Filarta Cervina of Dujardin). Considering the harmless nature of this parasite, Dr. Garino expresses the opinion that these tumors are but a manifestation of one period of life of those animals, and that their encystment is probably only a means of nature to re- lieve an organism of their presence. —( Clix. Veterin.) CORRESPONDENCE. CAN ANY READERS SUPPLY THESE NEEDS? CANCER LABORATORY, UNIVERSITY OF BUFFALO, BUFFALO, N. Y., Nov. 13, 1902. Editors American Veterinary Review : DEAR Sirs :—Could you by any means put us in the way of getting cancerous dogs, cats, or rats, or even a larger animal ? We are particularly desirous of getting a cancerons dog. Yours truly, H. R. GAYLORD. PAD FoR TREATING SHOE BoILs.—Patent granted Septem- ber 9, 1902, to Robert H. Musgrave, New York City. This ol invention relates particularly to a means See for protecting and compressing shoe boils ss een which frequently occur in the fore arms 6 \ % of horses immediately below the should- — ers, so that upon the application of proper remedies the boil may be reduced and finally removed. ‘The invention comprises generally a pad or pads, formed compara- 2 tively thick, so when placed against the ee side of the horse’s body immediately be- 1: hind the fore leg, the front portion will lie lie directly against the shoe boil which dh ks provides a protector for the boil when the , horse lies down. ‘The pad takes the weight of the ee and preventing pressure from being applied to the boil and also preventing contact of the hoof and shoe with the boil.— Horse-Shoers’ Journal.) SOCIETY MEETINGS. 869 SOCIETY MEETINGS. PASSAIC COUNTY VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSO- CIATION. The regular monthly meeting of the Passaic County Veteri- nary Medical Association was held at Dr. William Herbert Lowe’s office, corner of Paterson and Van Houten Streets, Pater- son, N. J., on Tuesday evening, September 16, 1902, at 8 o’clock, with President Lowe in the chair. On roll-call the following members answered to their names : Drs. William J. Reagan, John H. DeGraw, William C. Fergu- son, IT. J. Cooper, Alexander Machan, William H. H. Doty, W. H. Lowe, Jr., M. A. Pierce, William Herbert Lowe, Pater- son; Anthony P. Lubach, Passaic. The minutes of the last meeting were read by the Secre- tary, and, on motion of Dr. Cooper, were duly approved. Upon request of members President Lowe, as delegate to the American Veterinary Medical Association, gave at some length a report of the great veterinary convention held at Minneapo- lis, Minn., September 2, 3, 4 and 5, 1902. The President also gave a report of the meeting of the New York State Veterinary Medical Society held in Brooklyn, N. Y., Sept. 9th and roth, 1902. Dr. Ferguson, Chairman ; Drs. Doty and Regan, Committee on Constitution, By-Laws and Code of Ethics, presented a re- port that was concise and comprehensive. Upon motion of Dr. Pierce, the report was received and its recommendations taken up section by section. With slight amendments the constitution, by-laws and code of ethics were adopted as recommended by the Committee. Upon motion of Dr. Cooper, it was ordered that the Consti- tution By-Laws and Code of Ethics be printed. Upon motion of Dr. Lowe, Jr., the bill of the Guardian Printing and Publishing Company for stationery and printing, amounting to $9.75, was ordered paid. Several matters of local interest to the profession were dis- cussed and meeting adjourned at 11 P. M. The regular monthly meeting of the Passaic County Veteri- nary Medical Association was held at 169 Paterson Street, Pater- son, N. J., on Tuesday evening, October 7, 1902, with Dr. Wil- liam Herbert Lowe, President, in the chair. 870: SOCIETY MEETINGS. The following members were present: Drs. William J. Reagan, Paterson; John Kehoe, Passaic; T. J. Cooper, Pater- son; William J. Fredericks, Delawanna ; H. K. Berry, Pater- son; M. A. Pierce, Paterson; J. Payne Lowe, Passaic ; William Herbert Lowe, Paterson. Dr. H. K. Berry was chosen Secretary pro tem. The minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved. Treasurer M. A. Pierce reported that he had received $16 from Secretary Machan; had paid the Guardian Printing and Publishing Company’s bill of $9.75 for printing, leaving a bal- ance of $6.25. The Treasurer’s report was ordered entered upon the minutes. President Lowe reported that Dr. Brooks had returned from his vacation and had made application for membership. The President stated that Dr. Brooks stood for the advancement of the profession in every way and was proud of the fact that the movement to organize a local society had the unanimous sup- port of the veterinary practitioners of Passaic county. Dr. Brooks received the unanimous vote of all present, and he was declared a member of the Association. The President reported that he had ordered a bill of the Guardian Printing and Publishing Company of $9.75 paid. This bill was for printing the Constitution, By-Laws and Code of Ethics of the Association. Under Article 9 of the By-Laws the following proposition was presented to the meeting and carried by a unanimous vote: ‘In view of the earnest and successful efforts of Senator Wood McKee in the halls of the State Legislature at Trenton last winter, which resulted in the enactment of Chapter 18, Laws of 1902, ‘An Act to Regulate the Practice of Veterinary Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry in the State of New Jersey, to License Veterinarians and to Punish Persons Violating the Pro- visions thereof.’ ‘Therefore we, members of the Passaic County Veterinary Medical Association, do hereby propose the Hon. Wood McKee for honorary membership in this Association. “Signed William Herbert Lowe, ‘“W. J. Reagan, “William J. Fredericks.” President Lowe declared Senator Wood McKee an honorary member. Dr. Fredericks moved that the President be authorized to have certificates of membership printed. Carried. Sn SOCIETY MEETINGS. 871 Moved by Dr. Kehoe and seconded by Dr. Cooper that an invitation be extended to the veterinarians of Bergen county to attend our meetings. Carried. The memibers listened with much interest to the reading of an excellent paper on professiorial etiquette by Dr. J. Payne Lowe, of Passaic.* Dr. Lowe’s paper was received, discussed and ordered placed on file. A vote of thanks was extended to the Doctor for the care he had exerfcised in the preparation of his paper. Dr. Cooper was appointed essayist for the next meeting, his subject being ‘“‘ The Transmission of Disease Through Milk.” Meeting adjourned at 10.45 P. M. The regular monthly meeting of the Passaic County Veteri- nary Medical Association was held at 169 Paterson Street, Pater- son, N. J.,on Tuesday evening, November 4, 1902, with Dr. William Herbert Lowe, President, in the chair, and Dr. Alex- ander Machan, Secretary. Notwithstanding the fact that it was election night there was a quorum in attendance, the following practitioners being present: Drs. T. J. Cooper, David Machan, Alexander Machan, John H: DeGraw, W. H. Lowe, Jr., William Herbert Lowe, Paterson ; J. Payne Lowe, Passaic. The minutes of October 7th were read and approved. Under “unfinished” business the President reported that he had ordered certificates of membership, which would be ready in the course of a few days. Secretary A. Machan reported that he had up to date made two payments to Treasurer M. A. Pierce, the first amount being $16 and the second $10, making a total of $26, paid over to the Treasurer. The Secretary further reported that he had $2 in hand just paid him by one of the members and that all members had paid their dues for this year except four, who were not pres- ent when he was collecting dues. Dr. Machan also reported that he had sent invitations-to Bergen county practitioners as instructed by the Association at the last meeting. The Secre- tary’s report was received and ordered entered upon the minutes. Treasurer M. A. Pierce not being present, there was no re- port from that officer. President Lowe announced that he had had some corre- spondence with the State Board of Health as to whether veter- inarians could have the use of the State Bacteriological Labora- * Published in November REVIEW. 872 SOCIETY MEETINGS, tory at Trenton, for diagnostic purposes, and he was pleased to be able to give a favorable report, and he hoped that veterinari- ans would avail themselves of the services of the State Labora- tory. Dr. Lowe stated that the work at the State Laboratory is conducted free of charge and that it consists in examinations for diagnosis in the various affections which are produced by micro- organisins. Communicable diseases of whatever character are investigated, and a diagnosis is made when -possible. Investi- gations of a private nature will not be undertaken at the labor- atory, and veterinarians are requested not to send sections of tumors, etc., to the laboratory, as no examinations will be made of such substances, the work of the laboratory being wholly de- voted to the public health interests of the State. Inquiries will be made into the character and purity of the animal products in use in this State for prophylactic and remedial purposes, and also concerning the causes of wholesale poisoning due to un- wholesome food, and into the germicidal value of the various substances employed in sanitary operations. Specimens of tis- sues suspected to be affected with rabies, anthrax, glanders and other diseases peculiar to the lower animals can be forwarded in the manner described in Circular 105 of the State Board of Health, issued August, 1902. The ordinary mailing cases for the other diseases named in the said circular can be obtained in Paterson at the office of the Board of Health, or at the drug store of Gurdon E. Pellett, corner of Park Avenue and Carroll Street. Dr. Lowe mentioned that Dr. Cooper had already availed himself of the use of the State Laboratory by taking a portion of the brain of a horse supposed to have hydrophobia to Trenton for diagnostic purposes, and Dr. Cooper explained why in this case he expected the result would be negative. The President stated that he had not been able to attend the annual meeting of the New Jersey Sanitary Association at Lakewood, October 24th and 25th, and make the report of the Committee on Animal Diseases and Animal Foods of that organ- ization, of which committee he is chairman. Dr. Cooper brought up his blacklist proposition again, and on motion of Dr. Alexander Machan, it was laid over until the next meeting. Dr. Pope telephoned his regrets at not being able to be present. Dr. William C. Berry, formerly of Bloomingdale, now of Haskell, wrote a letter showing his deep interest in the Asso- ciation. SOCIETY MEETINGS. 873 Dr. Cooper, who had been appointed essayist for the meet- ing, read an excellent paper on “ Milk as a Conveyor of Dis- ease.” The subject being an important one, it was fully dis- cussed. Dr. Machan moved that a vote of thanks be given Dr. Cooper, and that his paper be sent to the REVIEW and to the Journal for publication. Carried. The President appointed Mr. David Machan essayist for the December meeting, subject ‘‘ Examination of Horses for Sound- ness.” On motion meeting adjourned at Io Pp. M. A. MACHAN, Secretary. VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION OF NEW YORK COUNTY. The November meeting of this association was called to order on Wednesday evening, Nov. 5, at 8.30, by President Ellis. As Dr. Clayton, the Secretary, was unavoidably absent, Dr. Bell was asked to act in his stead. There were present Drs. Amling, Bowers, O’Shea, Ryder, McCully, Robertson, Schroeder, Keller, Bell, Ellis, Cattanach, Hayes, Fink, and a large number of the students of the New York-American Veterinary College. Dr. Roscoe R. Bell presented a case report entitled, ‘“ Pro- lapsus of the Vagina in Bitches.” * It had reference to the re- duction of this condition by removing a portion of the uterine horns and the ovaries, the uterus and stumps of the cornua dropping to the floor of the abdomen, which would retract the protruding organ. It was thoroughly discussed by Drs. Ellis, Ryder, Robertson, Bowers and others, the discussion including the consideration of prolapsus in other domestic animals. Dr. James L. Robertson then brought forward a case which he had seen a day or two previously. It was that of a horse suffering with congestion of the lungs, and having the unusual sytptom of hyperzesthesia of the left side, the animal continually biting at that part of its body. He also spoke of the great prevalence of glanders in New York City, and indulged in some remarks relative to the atti- tude of the Board of Health with regard to contagious diseases of animals. The discussion of this subject was very general and animated, Drs. Keller, Ryder, Bowers, Cattanach, Ellis, and Bell taking part. Dr. Keller exhibited postal cards which the * Published elsewhere in this number of the REVIEW. 874 SOCIETY MEETINGS. Health Board supplies to veterinarians, making it very easy and convenient for them to report all cases. The meeting adjourned at about 11 o’clock. WISCONSIN SOCIETY OF VETERINARY GRADUATES. Met at the Kirby House, Milwaukee, Sept. 11, 1902, at 7.30 p. M., and was called to order by the President, and the follow- ing members answered to roll-call: S. Beattie, H. P. Clute, C. M. Crane, C. E. Evans, H. F. Eckert, R. S. Heer, J. I. Hern- sheim, E. L. Morgenroth, J. T. Roub and §S. S. Snyder. Vis- itors present—Drs. W. T. Schwiesum and T. A. Schneekloth. The minutes of the last meeting were read and approved. The President re-appointed Dr. H. P. Clute on Committee of Legislation, as his term had expired. The Revisionary Committee came under discussion and was sae by the Chair. Clute on behalf of Mrs. Stater and Ormond extended pee to the Society for their kind remembrance of the late Dr. C. H. Ormond. Dr. Eckert reported some very interesting experiences with rabies, in which there were six persons infected, all taking the Pasteur treatment successfully. Applicants for membership were taken and the following gentlemen were received: Dr. W. T. Schwiesum, Ripon, Wis., and Dr. T. A. Schneekloth, Lodi, Wis. The censors reported favorably and the gentlemen were unanimously elected. On motion, the Secretary was instructed to call a meeting of the Legislative Committee at Madison in October to frame a bill for the next Legislature, the railway expenses of this com- mittee to be paid by the Society. On motion, the Society adjourned to meet in Madison sub- ject to call of the President and Secretary. S. BEATTIE, Secretary. ALLEGHENY COUNTY VETERINARY MEDICAL AS- SOCIATION, A very interesting and instructive meeting was held at Dr. Spindler’s office on the evening of Nov. 12th. Members pres- ent: Drs. Birch, Boyd, Emery, Hinman, Spindler, Spohn, Tay- lor and Waugh. Visitors: Drs. A. T. Roll, of Natrona, and Wm. J. Waugh, of Washington. Routine business was tran- SOCIETY MEETINGS. 875 sacted and committees were appointed for future work, and plans formulated to enlarge the association and increase its sphere of usefulness, then occasionally hold surgical clinics. Dr. James A. Waugh exhibited Dr. Rectenwald’s new steel clamp for removing collar tumors and shoe-boils; explained its application and uses, and showed a large shoe-boil as removed that day in his practice. Dr. A. W. Hinman made some practical remarks on obser- vations on subnormal temperatures in animals. Hair-balis in calves’ stomachs proved an interesting sub- ject, when Dr. James A. Waugh presented seventeen different sized and multi-colored balls received from his friend, Dr. Benj. Howse, U. S. Veterinary Inspector in Allegheny. Dr. John E. Spindler gave an original and unique lecture on ‘‘Greasing a Mit,” which dealt freely and fully with the baneful practice of tipping coachmen and whacking up with stable bosses. Dr. James A. Waugh mentioned an improvement in the surgical technique of Prof. C. C. Lyford’s operation for the radi- cal cure of bursal enlargements. There was free and friendly discussion of all those subjects presented for consideration. Members are exchanging text- books, and manifest much interest in advancement, and a pro- fessional spirit prevails. James A. WAUGH, V. S., Secretary. PrRoF. VERANUS A. Moorg, of Cornell University, has con- sented to address the Veterinary Medical Association of New Jersey on the occasion of its forthcoming annual meeting at Trenton, on Thursday, January 8, 1903, on ‘‘ Etiology and Pre- vention of Infectious Diseases of Animals,’ illustrated by the stereopticon. An illustrated talk on such an important subject to the practicing veterinarian by such a distinguished compara- tive pathologist and bacteriologist as Professor Moore will in itself be an important feature of the annual meeting of the Veterinary Medical Association of New Jersey. We predict that the attendance will be large at this meeting, not only by New Jersey practitioners, but by veterinarians from neighboring states. Dr. Harker, of Trenton, President Wm. Herbert Lowe and Secretary George W. Pope are already at work arranging and perfecting plans for the coming great State Veterinary Convention at the Capital City of New Jersey. 876 NEWS AND ITEMS. PRESIDENT WM. HERBERT LOWE announces that the State Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners of New Jersey will be in session at the State House, Trenton, N. J., the two days fol- lowing the meeting of the State Association (Jan. 9th and roth, 1903) for the examination of candidates for license to practice veterinary medicine, surgery and dentistry in that state. Vet- erinarians intending applying for license to practice in New Jersey will do well to make application to the President or Secretary of the Board at an early date. _—_ NEWS AND ITEMS. Tuk family of Dr. James A. Waugh, of Pittsburgh, Pa., are in Oklahoma Territory for the benefit of Mrs. Waugh’s health. Dr. RoBERT Dickson, of New York, made a trip to Eng- land and Ireland in October, returning to New York about the 15th ult. Dr. S. R. Howarp, of Hillsboro, Ohio, contributed a val- uable illustrated continued article to the Rural New Yorker during October. NEIL B. JONEs, V. S., of Washington C. H., Ohio, has sold his practice, his brother James, of the same place, having also disposed of his practice and removed to Athens, Ohio. THE NEW YORK-AMERICAN VETERINARY COLLEGE has a class of 60 students this year, a considerable increase over the past six or seven years. Dr. GEORGE ING SMITH, of Lexington, Mo., was married, Oct. 29, to Miss Birchie Dunkley Smith, daughter ‘of Mr. Henry Strong Smith, of Dunksburg, Mo. ACCORDING to the latest official returns there are in Austria proper, not including Hungary, a total of 9,506,626 cattle, 2,621,026 sheep, 1,015,682 goats and 4,682,734 swine. GREAT BRITAIN, during the seven months from January I to July 31, imported from the United States only 5,724 horses against 14,820 for the same time in IgoI. . Dr. GELSTON, veterinarian U.S. Army, Fort Assinaboine, Montana, is taking a special course at the New York State Vet- erinary College. VETERINARIAN WM. H. PENDRY, of Brooklyn, N. Y., who represented the twentieth Assembly district of Kings County in the last Legislature, and who was renominated by the Repub- licans of that district, suffered defeat at the late election. NEWS AND ITEMS. 877 ‘““I VERY HIGHLY ESTEEM THE AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW, and cannot get along without its aid and valuable in formation.” —(D. -. Bowersox, V. S., Aaronsburg, Pa.) Dr. Don C. AYER, Chief of Inspection, B. A. I., at Omaha, Neb., spent his vacation in the East, and made a pleasant call upon the editor of the REVIEW. TEN important buyers being interviewed at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, all agreed that draft horses with weight and quality never were as scarce nor as high in price as now. Dr. D. E. SALMON, Chief of the Bureau of Annual Indus- try, has been in Europe this fall in the interest of his depart- ment. Dr. R. W. HIcKMAN, Chief of the Miscellaneous Division of the Bureau of Animal Industry, was in the West during No- vember in the interests of his department. Two deaths occurred near St. Paul, Minnesota, from glanders. The subjects were farmers, brothers, and the disease was con- tracted from a glandered horse. ‘They were each sick seventeen - days.—(/owa Health Bulletin.) Dr. G. E. NEsom, State Veterinarian of South Carolina, has forwarded us a small pamphlet containing the State law authorizing and regulating the inspection of animals affected with contagious diseases. TO PROTECT itself from the rain the orang outang crooks its arms over its head. The hair of the orang’s upper arm points downward, while on the lower arm it points upward, the apparent purpose being to shed the rain like a thatch. Dr. JAMES A. WAUGH, of Pittsburgh, Pa., writes that Prof. Joseph Hughes’ observation that ‘‘ neurectomy almost invariably results unfavorably in mules,” is confirmed by recent termina- tions in his practice. Dr. L. VAN Es, of Mobile, Ala., has accepted the chair of veterinary science at the North Dakota Agricultural College, Fargo, N. D., and mail matter intended for the doctor after Dec. 25 should be addressed to. his new station. THE departure of Dr. L. Van Es for his new post at the North Dakota Agricultural College, will leave a good opening for some worthy veterinarian at Mobile, Ala. The latter has enjoyed a good practice there for the past eight years. ‘“ HRATHERBLOOM,” the sensational high-jumper owned by Mr. Howard Willets, of New York, established a new world’s record at the recent Chicago Horse Show, by clearing the rail at 7 feet 8 inches. 878 NEWS AND ITEMS. WE have received the report of the Government Entomolo- gist for the year 1901 for the Cape of Good Hope, containing a oreat deal of information upon both the parasites of animals and vegetables, profusely illustrated with original drawings and photographs. Drs. WM. SHEPPARD, Thomas G. Sherwood, and J. Elmer Ryder were the official veterinarians of the recent National Horse Show at Madison Square Garden, New York, the most successful exhibition of high-class equines ever held in the world. THE premium of 1000 marks offered by Germany for the proof of trichinosis from eating American pork has stood for two years without a claimant. ENLARGEMENTS upon the heads of cattle are not always ac- tinomycotic. Ina case where 56 head of cattle presenting ac- tinomycotic symptoms were slaughtered, eight cases were found to be tuberculosis of the cervical lymphatic glands.—(G. A. Lytle, M. D. C., tx Quarterly Bulletin of the Chicago Vetert- nary College.) Drs. HayNE & Son, Jackson, Mich., write under date of Nov. 7: ‘Weare having plenty of experience with tetanus, hog cholera, and milk fever. We are much pleased with our treatment of tetanus.’ Will our correspondents kindly furnish REVIEW readers with the methods they employ in treating this fatal malady, as a system of treatment which “ pleases” the practitioner has been long sought. For GOITRE IN DoGs, try desiccated thy tgide in about 5 grain doses or thyroidin in ¥% to 1, gradually increased to 2 grains, 3 times daily. Puppies should receive proportionate doses. ‘The above can be administered with the food. For local treatment use iodine ointment for adult dogs and oint- ment of potassium iodide for puppies.—(£. Z. Quztman, M. D. C., 7 Quarterly Bulletin of Chicago Veterinary College.) Dr. J. G. RUTHERFORD, Chief Veterinarian of the Do- minion of Canada, and First Vice-President of the A. V. M. A., who extended such a cordial invitation to the Association to meet in Ottawa in 1903, is following up his proposition by por- traying the great advantages Ottawa possesses through personal letters to the members. ‘The REVIEW believes that much good would flow to the Association and the profession of Canada by holding a meeting at the Capital of the Canucks. Mrs. WM. H. HARBAUGH, Fairmount, Richmond, Va., writes to the REvIEw that the hospital occupied by her late NEWS AND ITEMS. 879 husband, who was one of the leading practitioners of the South, is for rent or for sale. There are three or four veterinarians in that place, but Richmond is now a large city of possibly 100,- ooo inhabitants and quite a horse centre, and the right man, she thinks, could build up a lucrative business. Dr. WALTER REED, U. S. A., who made the famous medi- - cal discovery that the yellow fever germ is transmitted by mos- quitoes, died at the General Hospital, Washington Barracks, Nov. 23, after an operation for appendicitis. He was fifty-one years of age, and a native of Virginia, having been educated at the University of Virginia, Medical Department, and at Belle- vue Hospital Medical College, New York. HEADLINES from the New York Herald of Nov. 17: “‘ Raced with Death in Blazing Motor—Leaning Far Out in Runaway Automobile Two Men Fought for Time—Machine All Aflame Startled Eighth Avenue—Gasoline Tank was On Fire and Lever was Stuck at Full Speed—Sped for Fourteen Blocks— Then Collapsed a Total Wreck—Owner Uninjured, but Chauf- feur was Slightly Burned.” On the same page this one: ‘“‘ Raced Two Miles in Blazing Automobile.” It is understood that since the return of Dr. D. E. Salmon, of the Bureau of Animal Industry, Washington, D. C., from Europe he has prepared a report advocating the use of forced draft for the ventilation of cattle stalls and quarters on board ship. He made the trip across the ocean on a cattle steamer, and though his report has not yet been made public it is said to be known that he will advocate the system of forced draft that will do away with some of the funnels on deck and at the same time grant more air to the animals.—( Breeder's Gazette.) Dr. W. T. MonsaRRAT, of Honolulu, H. I., who was in at- tendance upon the Minneapolis meeting of the A. V. M. A., reached home Oct. 1. After reading the REVIEW’s story of the meeting he’wrote: ‘‘ The congratulations of the veterinary pro- fession are due you for the October number of the REVIEW. It is a masterpiece, and should be a great pride to you. You do not know how I enjoyed it, especially after being among so many of the profession at Minneapolis.” STATE VETERINARIAN TAIT BUTLER, of North Carolina, contributes an article to Zhe Progressive Farmer, of Oct. 28, published at Raleigh, on “ How to Exterminate Cattle Tick.” He takes as his text the resolutions passed by the meeting of State Veterinarians of the Southern States, held at Atlanta, Ga., Oct. 8, 1902, and then gives some very important and 880 NEWS AND ITEMS. practical points to his readers, who are principally farmers and stockmen. He says that North Carolina is accomplishing more than any other Southern State in her efforts to extermi- nate the cattle tick, and fully explains the methods employed by him. Dr. CHARLES H. Z1nk, who has been filling the position of Inspector in Charge of the B. A. I. work at Buffalo, N. Y., for the past four years, has been transferred to Forth Worth, Texas, for similar duties. Dr. B. P. Wende, of the Buffalo B. A. I. force, has been promoted to the position to succeed Dr. Zink. Dr. Wende is one of the oldest inspectors in the B. A. I. employ, and his many friends will be pleased to hear of his well deserved promotion. . UNTIL recently an opinion has prevailed among veterinar- ians that tuberculosis in hogs rarely assumes a localized form, that is, it was believed to become so rapidly disseminated that the slightest trace of tubercular deposits was considered sufficient grounds for condemning the carcass. In a recent series of care- fully conducted post-mortem examinations made upon a large number of hogs in 50 per cent. of all cases of tuberculosis found, the visible lesions were confined to the lymphatic glands of the head and cervical region, and in 75 per cent. to the lymphatic glands of the head, cervical region and digestive tract.—(G. A. Lytle, M. D. C., tn Quarterly Bulletin of the Chicago Vetert- nary College.) To Mask Castor O11.—Dr. N. V. Obrastzor, according to the Province médicale for October 11th, finds the following pre- paration masks the flavor of castor oil, with the additional ad- vantage that it exercises an intestinal antiseptic action: BR Cas- tor oil, 30 grammes (I ounce); menthol, 0.50 gramme (7% grains); tincture of iodine, 10 drops. M. A dessertspoonful for a dose. - Before administering this mixture, it is a good plan to make it tepid in a water bath, to dispel the viscosity which is, of itself, such a disagreeable feature of castor oil to invalids. The dose of menthol may appear large, but it must be borne in mind that this drug becomes dissolved in the oil, and is thus in great part eliminated by the intestine. ANDREW MurRRAy, of Brooklyn, N. Y., who occupies the position of superintendent and veterinarian to the stables of one of the large dry goods houses of that city, according to the New York H/erald, removed a cancer from the base. of his own tongue with an ordinary scalpel, after eminent surgeons had informed him that he would have to undergo a very skilful operation if NEWS AND ITEMS. 881 his life was to be saved. The paper relates how he stood in front of a mirror and-heroically dissected out the extensive growth, the victim remarking to the reporter the following day that he never felt better in his life. This story will make a good running-mate to the one published some time ago about the ‘“‘ vet”? who removed a section of a horse’s jung, the animal resuming his accustomed work in a few days, without exhibit- ing any evidences of the operation. Why can’t the lay press print the truth? THE RESULT OF A BLow.—If Nicolo Bonnano ever recovers from the effects of a blow which he says Antonio Bolento hit him with his fist, he will need two guesses to tell just what really happened. Bolento’s blow landed on his mouth. The result is clearly and tersely told in the certificate issued by Dr. Enrico Scima, of No. 53 Stanton street, who was the attending physician. ‘The certificate reads: “I certify that I had visited Bonnano, fifty years old, and had found in him several lesions superficial of the skin in the nose and in the face and echimosis into the same parties ; also asportation of the incisive tooth and luxation of other two teeth in the interior dental series with le- sion of the soft parties of the gum. This lesion is curable com- pletely in seven days with doubt of the debility of the luxatio teeth.’"—(New York World, Nov. rz.) [How is it that the authorities permit such an ignoramus to practice? It is impos- sible that he can have a diploma. | Kocu’s DEFENSE OF HIS VIEWS ON THE TRANSMISSION OF ANIMAL TUBERCULOSIS TO MAN.—At the Congress of Tubercu- losis, held recently in Berlin, Professor Koch replied to the strictures which have been passed on all sides upon his thesis of the nontransmissibility of animal tuberculosis to man. One of his arguments in relation to tuberculous milk and meat, how- ever, strikes us as being singularly lacking in perspicacity. Pro- fessor Koch is reported to have pointed out that, when poisoned meat is eaten in a community widespread effects follow ; and to have asked why no general infection follows the eating of tuber- culous meat or the drinking of milk from a tuberculous cow. Surely, the fact that in the case of poisonous meat the immedi- ateness and simultaneity of the effects at once direct the physi- cian’s attention to the search fora common source, while, in the case of tuberculous milk or meat, the effects are insidious in their onset, and do not fulminate with that éc/a¢ that marks the other condition, is sufficient answer to Dr. Koch’s question.— (New York Medical Journal.) 882 NEWS AND ITEMS. A New MovurtuH SPECULUM AND BALLING-IRON.—Dr. Lach- lan M’Lean, of Brooklyn, N. Y., one of the oldest active prac- titioners in this country, whose diploma from the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (Edinburgh) bears date of the early fifties (we believe 1851), has devised a very practi- cal and convenient mouth speculum and balling-iron, which is shown in the accompanying drawing. ‘The special advantage j \| \ i\ Y = \\ X ——~ \ y Off & i : ZZ JA } S 4 Crm J \\ /) oS > glee Y =z Zz \ \, x l S \ I \ ] — _ \ - \ '\ Vf = = ‘ J s. \ / ff \ of this instrument is that it can be carried in the hand-bag or pocket, particularly for night calls, where it not infrequently happens that a patient suffering from colic will not open the mouth sufficiently wide to administer a bolus. Those who give chloral in capsule form will find it especially safe, for shoulp the capsule slip from the fingers on account of the large amount of saliva usually contained in the mouth during at- tacks of flatulent colic, it can be readily secured without being crushed between the teeth, with the usual resultant stomatitis. It is often difficult to administer chloral in a drench while the patient is suffering acute pain—the capsule being much more practical. THE USE OF ANASSTHETICS IN SURGERY.—The British Medical Journal for October 25th, in an article on the “‘ Dis- covery of Anzesthesia” concludes as follows: ‘‘ Long was one of the pioneers of the use of anzesthetics in surgery, but there were many others. The chief among them are accurately classified in a little pamphlet privately printed for Professor Stirling, of Manchester, ‘in honor of the Victoria Dental Hos- pital, September 30th, 1902, and in memory of September 30th and October 16th, 1846, Boston, U. S. A.’ Professor Stirling sums up the history of the discovery of anzsthesia in the fol- lowing table: Nitrous Oxide. Joseph Priestley. . 1776 NEWS AND ITEMS. 883 Humphrey an : 1800 Horace Wells (Collyer, Colton, ‘Riggs, Evans, Best] . 1844 Sulphuric Ether. M. Faraday (?) . 1818 W. T. G. Morton [On Himself and on Eben H. Frost] . 1846 ‘Before Whom, in all time, Surgery was Agony, Since Whom Science has control of Pain.’ J. C. Warren [On Gilbert Abbott, 20, painter, single] . 1846 [Wilhite, Long, Jackson, Hayward, Bigelow, Boot, Robinson, Liston, Buchanan, Louget, John Snow, Simpson, Bernard, Clover. |] Chloroform. James Young Simpson. . . Sn ete We heey ‘T’1l imitate the pities of old Surgeons To this lost limb—who ‘ere they show their art, Cast me asleep, then cut the diseas’d part.’ T. Middleton, ‘Women Beware Women,’ iv, I, 1657. [Guthrie, Soubeiran, Liebig (1831), Dumas (1834), Waldie, Flourens, G. Keith, M. Duncan, Snow, “Nunneley, James Arnott. | “ After judicial weighing of the evidence and careful allot- ment to each pioneer of his due, the scientific world must, we think, agree with Oliver Wendell Holmes that ‘this priceless gift to humanity went forth from the operating theatre of the Massachusetts General Hospital, and the man to whom the world owes it is Dr. William Thomas Green Morton.’ ”’ SECRETARY JOHN J. ReEpp’S IMPRESSIONS OF THE 39TH MEETING OF THE A. V. M. A.—The official records show an attendance of about one hundred and twenty-five members, which is somewhat in excess of the Atlantic City meeting ; so, in point of numbers, the Minneapolis meeting was a success. The papers and discussions were fully up to the standard of past performances. It should be the ambition of all the mem- bers to have presented to the meetings papers of high merit, and to keep the discussions free from irrelevant and worthless matter. Weshould aim to make the printed proceedings of the highest possible merit, for the Association, and in turn the pro- fession, will be judged largely by the character of the printed proceedings of the annual meetings. The members were not prompt in getting into the convention hall so that the meetings might begin on schedule time. The entire time of the meeting provided for by the programme could easily be utilized in at- tending to the business and presenting the literary part of the programme. When we get behind time everyone gets nervous, and many do not enter into the discussion because of lack of time. The forenoon session of the first day was abandoned because a large number of members were delayed in their arrival owing to the lateness of the train. I am sure that 884 NEWS AND ITEMS. these members, as well as others who did not suffer the misfor- tune of such an annoying delay, have fully resolved that on sub- sequent occasions they will leave home at a time sufficiently in advance of the meeting to permit of their arrival in due time, even if their train is several hours behind time. This isa praiseworthy resolve. ‘The sessions of the Executive Comunit- tee, held during the meeting, are usually extended considerably beyond the time set for opening the convention, and in this way the whole convention body is kept from beginning its work. ‘These delays could be prevented if the Executive Com- mittee would, whenever possible, hold its sessions in the even- ing, or, if it must have a morning session, by beginning on time and adjourning at the time scheduled for opening the session of the convention. This is a reform that is much needed. The abolition of smoking in the convention hall during the sessions of our Minneapolis meeting was a very commendable act, and one which is doubtless approved by the smokers themselves. The convention halls used for some of our recent meetings have not been as well adapted for the purpose as is desirable. The success of the meeting depends largely upon the kind of hall we have. The members will not remain in a disagreeable place, and visitors will not venture into it. It would be bet- ter, if necessary, to pay a moderate sum for the proper kind of room than to accept an undesirable one free of cost. The com- mittee-in-charge should, at future meetings, make sure to ob- tain a suitable hall. The usual hotel parlor or ordinary is in most cases undesirable. The room should be remote from street or other noises, should be well ventilated and cool, lighted from doth sides or overhead, and not from in front or behind, and be large enough. Better that it should be too latge than too small. If possible, the place of entrance should be from the centre behiud and not from one corner, for it is well known that, if the entrance is at one corner, people will crowd about the entrance and will not move over to the far side, even if there are vacant seats there. Our meetings are becoming bet- ter every year, and if each member will begin as soon as one meeting is over to make plans whereby he can enhance the ex- cellence of the next one, we will be assured of a rapid and healthy growth of our organization. With a membership of over five hundred active workers there is no reason why the American Veterinary Medical Association should not take high rank among the scientific bodies of America. It should be our aim to see that it does.—(/ourn. Comp. Med.) SkW AN ir Ms mal , CANINE (OPBRATING TABLE Mapk FROM A-SEWING MA onine Stasp.-—Dr W. FE Clemons, (hranville, Oho, sends u whotos of his unprovised canine opetating table, which Is neat eficient, and clean. In the note a YO bil Panny ing tie photos, the doct I sa}s : ' r as . that it ma te fr an old sew ing mach stand, the iron parts of whic! “ pated w a.uminum pent with the top of white enaime! The pl does not show the rings at the corners for tying ne te \’ : rind ; ery st * } : y comvemient tor ail nanne f operatic ns, particular), \ ms, ariotomy. where the an i i! an he place j nany lesired positicn the emoava {f mania femers. or ati other pro- cedure, where:the thor- migh secnrirg of the pa tierit 1s lesirabie It looks wel) and can be made aseptic by washing lhe eost of 1 is verv small, An these who. care duplicate it are quite wei come to do se NOT K.— A tirm in New York have been making a table very sumilar to the one shewn _ here but little better ALM AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW. JANUARY, 1903. All communications for publication or in reference thereto should be addressed to Prof. Roscoe R. Bell, Seventh Ave. & Union St., Borough of Brooklyn, New York City. EDITORIAL. HUROPEAN CHRONICLES. PARIS, Nov. 15, 1902. It is but a few days since the first International Conference on Tuberculosis was held in Berlin, and by the time this will reach our readers, perhaps many have heard or read of the event, and then will consider my subject for a chronicle rather stale. But how can I help it? Anyhow, from all reports, the first international conference did not prove what was anticipated. From the opening of the meeting, one might expect much. The number of scientific authorities who were present justified all expectations. It seemed that the event would differ from the banality of ordinary congresses; that there would be not only more or less interesting reports on the subject of tubercu- losis and papers on the struggle against it, but also some facts to draw to a focus the various questions yet unsolved, and dec- larations from which the official representatives present might draw material to offer to their respective governments, to realize the great object in view: the struggle against the disease. But such has not been the case; and, leaving aside the great success which was obtained by the visits and inspections of the two magnificently and luxuriously built and equipped sanitori- ums of Belzig and Beelitz, it may be said that the principal subject which occupied the congress was the still unsettled question of unicity of tuberculosis and of the transmissibility of the disease from man to animals and vzce versa. : The director of the imperial sanitary office, Dr. Kohler, read 897 R98 EDITORIAL. in his report the numerous gvo and coz arguments relating to the subject, without expressing in his conclusions a firm and categorical opinion. For him, in the actual condition of pres- ent knowledge, no one can affirm the identity nor the duality of human and of bovine tuberculosis, but that the principal danger is, not in the transmissibility from animal to man, but from man to man. Yet he sees no objection to the boiling of the milk as patronized by some. Prof. Nocard answered by a clear and firm declaration in favor of the unicity of tuberculosis. His arguments are power- ful, as usual, and if some have already been mentioned, the re- sults obtained by his most recent experiments are still more positive. His conclusions are: Bovine tuberculosis is transmissible to man. . . . It is specially when drinking the milk from tuberculous udder that man contracts the disease from bovines. . . . The danger exists specially for those who, like children or sick people, make milk the essential or exclusive part of their diet. . . . All cows suffering with tuberculous mammitis ought to be removed from all places where milk production for public use is the principal object. . . . These stables ought to be submitted to periodic inspections. . . . While waiting for those, let the public be. always advised that the simplest and surest means of guarding against the danger is the boiling of all milks. Prof. Arloing spoke in- the same sense and with the same conclusions. The answer of Prof. Koch was anxiously looked for. He spoke for an hour and a half, defending all his theories. For him there does not exist one single observation strictly evi- dent of contamination of people having partaken of tuberculous milk ; isolated facts without post-mortem and without proof ex- cluding other sources of infection are not thoroughly demon- strated; and even with them it would be necessary to show that bovine tuberculosis was the cause. For him, interhuman contagion only needs to be taken in consideration in the struggle now waging with the disease. EDITORIAL. 899 To restime the entire result of the first International Confer- ence, it is this: A dialectical fight between advocates and adver- saries of the unicity of tuberculosis without results. Notwith- standing concessions made by both parties, the question remains open. In iny “chronicles” of January and of August last, I made allusions to experiments that, for the Société de Médecine Vet- etinaire Pratique, Prof. Nocatd had been engaged in carrying’ out. ‘Those experiments had been divided into two series. The results obtained in those were probably the ones alluded to by the learned professor in his remarks at the Congress of Berlin. Those of the first series, our friends know. What are those of the second ? In this, the question to decide was, if possible, the degree of vitulency between bovine and human tuberculosis. Was it in the bovine? Was itin the human? Experimental researches have answered. Post-mortem examinations have established the proofs. Monkeys were bought, divided into lots; those that were to be fed with bovine tuberculous matter and those that were to receive httman tuberculous food. The entire progress of the second experiment will be laid before our readers, with that of the first, as soon as the report of the commission shall be made. In the meantime, let me say that the lesions which it has been my good fortune to see leave no room for doubt. When the cadavers of the animals on experitnent were laid open for comparative post-mortems, those that had received the bovine matter offered frightful lesions of tuberculosis, with tu- berculous deposits of enormous sizes, while, on the contrary, those that had partaken of human tuberculous cultures pre- sented but trifling lesions, comparatively insignificant, when be- side the others. And, yet, the feeding, with the exception of the origin of the tuberculous matter, had been exactly the same for all, and for all the cares had been the same and the mode of infection carried in the same way. 900 EDITORIAL. Prof. Koch will probably bear these facts i in mind before he is again tempted to renew his assertions, and if, as it seems to be generally admitted, probably the great danger in the propaga- tion of tuberculosis is from man to man, he certainly cannot deny that with greater virulent power bovine tuberculosis must not be ignored. Anyhow, he has already made some conces- sions, as I have said before, in not objecting to the boiling of the miik. Jegt epolhave seen to-day the result of another experiment on tuber- culosis, which no doubt will interest our readers, but must keep it for my next. * >k BARIUM CHLORIDE.—When after observing on two horses the fatal toxic effects of chloride of barium, and after having studied its action when given by the digestive tract, the con- nective tissue and through the circulation, Dieckerhoff made known his observations and recommended its use in intravenous injections in the treatment of colics in horses, many were those who resorted to it, and chloride of barium became the subject of many important. investigations all over Europe, where prin- cipally in German publications they were recorded. It was in 1895 that Dieckerhoff published the results of a first series of 51 cases, and a few months after a second series was made known, in which 136 cases of colic had received the treatment, with only 12 deaths; each one of those was proved at the post-mortem to be due to special lesions, such as twisting of the intestines, volvulus, hernia, or entero-peritonitis follow- ing strangulation. Of course, American veterinarians did not remain indiffer- ent to the new treatment and chloride of barium became also the subject of records and publications which are found in our veterinary papers, among which I find the names of J. J. McCarrey in 1896, of R. W. Ellis and W. P. Straughan in 1897, also that of J. E. Brown in the same year. The general results recorded in American journals are favorable to the use of the salt, and accidents like those recorded by Brown seem EDITORIAL. 901 to argue with those among the fatal cases of the second series of Dieckerhoff. That met by Dr. Straughan (sloughing of the jugular, followed by fatal heemorrhage), is probably of a different nature. But, yet, we do not hear anything more from the prac- titioners of the new world. Has the drug been dropped ? Have the records been unsatisfactory ? Such is not the case on this side of the water, and numerous are those who have employed it without ever having had a sin- gle accident referable to the chloride. In a recent communi-. cation of Prof. Cadiot, who was the first, I believe, to introduce its use in France, I find that Dahlenburg has treated 32 cases successfully; Gruner 48 without any accidents; Hutyra, of Budapest, I9g1 cases without any fatal effects. Cadiot, when he first spoke of it at the Société Centrale, had already 32 cases successful, and since has treated 162, among which there were 21 deaths by other causes than the toxic effects of chloride of bariuin. There is, however, a certain condition where the use of the salt may be followed by fatal results. Its action upon the heart explains it, and if Siebert, Mouilleron, Krentzfeldt, Ries and Mollereau have had cases where the results were not those that they expected, perhaps the deaths may be attributed to the ac- tion upon the heart. The doses which were recommended first by Dieckerhoff varied between o gt. 50 to I gr. 25. according to size. As much as 2 grammes have been used for large horses. At first Cadiot injected somewhat similar doses. But later, by close observation, he has been brought to resort to in- jections of weak doses repeated, even several times during the cases, so as to obtain all the useful effects of the drug. And now he recommends a first injection of o gr. 25 too gr. 50, then 15 minutes later of another of 0 gr. 20 to 0 gr. 30, repeated if necessary I5 or 20 minutes after. And, again, in some varieties of intestinal obstruction, when the case has existed some length of time, when the organism is already intoxicated by intestinal fermentations, it is better to use only doses of 0 gr. 25 to 0 gr. 40, repeated three or four times about every quarter of an hour. _ 902 EDITORIAL. Thus administed, chloride of barium is still very active, quick in its effects and perfectly inoffensive. At the clinics of the Berlin school, 3000 injections have been done without any fatal accident or toxic effects. And doses of o gr. 40 repeated two or three times on 445 cases of colic among the omnibus horses in Paris, have given the same results, These make an irrefutable record. * *K * THE IMPORTANCE OF A STUDY OF PARACITISM.—The sub- ject of parasites among domestic animals is one which presents many points of interest, and offers a wide field of observation. Many active researches have been made, and many are the works which were written treating of the history, life, effects, etc., of parasites, and every veterinarian is acquainted with those of more modern times and specially with that of Neumann, which was brought within the reach of all English readers by the ex- cellent translation that we owe to Fleming. No doubt the pub- lications that we have from the Bureau of Animal Industry have done much to enlighten our American observers, but yet it seems to us that our cowfreres on the other side of the Atlantic are a little indifferent to the subject, if we are allowed to judge from the lack of communications on their part in our veterinary journals; and, still, outside of the strictly scientific point of view of parasitology, the diseases and symptoms which are re- lated to parasites are of the utmost importance, and the general practitioner, and certainly the sanitarian cannot be allowed to ignore them. ‘They are very common in practice, all our do- mestic animals are suffering with them, their intimacy in the causes of diseases of both human and veterinary patients, every- thing in fact points to the great importance of the subject. If, as it seems to us, American veterinarians are neglectful or indifferent, and if our publications seem to be lacking in reference to animal parasites, it is not the same in Europe, and in almost every journal, articles are found telling of symptoms, treatment, etc., in various cases of different parasitic diseases. Bovine cyst?cerci have lately been the subject of quite a num- EDITORIAL. 903 ber of contributions in Italian and English papers. In the first Dr. Lusé, alluding to some twenty cases which he had found in carcasses of bovines in slaughter-houses, mentioned four spe- cially interesting, where the parasites were found in the tongue, masseter muscles, epicardium, endo- and myocardium, stomach, lungs, cesophagus. They were in fact almost all over except the brain. | After these records relating to cysticerci, our English cousins in the Record call attention to several cases of cw@nurus cere-_ bralis reported by two veterinarians, Dr. Parker and Dr. W. C. Patrick. "The former had three cases—one recovered by purg- ing and cold water; another died comatose; the third was killed. Dr. Patrick speaks of two cases upon which he oper- ated by trephining, puncture and removal of the hydatid cyst ; both were followed by recovery. And then, J find in the 77 Nuovo Ercolani, from Dr. G. de Angelis, the record of a rare case of echznococct, rare principally by its seat, it having been found in the cerebellum. The para- site had given rise to such characteristic brain manifestations that a diagnosis of acute hydrocephalitis had been made and that post-mortem partly confirmed, as far as symptomatology went. It is, therefore, very evident from these reports that para- sites are still plenty on the field for studies, and that, if much is already known about them, there still remains enough for all of us to work upon, find out and record. falta Up THE OUTBREAK OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE. The announcement of the appearance of this highly contag- ious disease in the New England States was officially proclaim- ed by the Massachusetts Cattle Bureau on Nov. 26, and the State authorities at once placed a quarantine upon all infected districts. In order that REVIEW readers might have an author- itative statement of the extent of the outbreak, as well as its probable origin, the measures being adopted to check its pro- gress and eradicate it from our previously immune herds, a let- 904 EDITORIAL. ter of inquiry was addressed to Dr. D. E. Salmon, Chief of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry, and he promptly re- plied as follows: U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 147 Mitx ST., BOSTON, MASS., Dre. 12 eugege Editors American Veterinary Review.: DEAR Sirs :—Replying to your letter of the 9th instant, I would say that it has not been discovered positively how the contagion of foot-and- mouth disease was introduced into Massachusetts. The first cases ap- pear to have been at Chelsea, not very far from the docks, and the most plausible explanation appears to be that the contagion was brought over with hay or bedding for horses.. These early cases occurred in August or possibly earlier. It appears strange that the disease was not recog- nized sooner, but no one was expecting it, and probably the cattle own- ers concealed it. At present there appear to be about 100 herds affected in Massachusetts, containing in the neighborhood of 2,000 head of cattle. There are 13 herds in Rhode Island containing about 300 head, and 20 herds in Vermont containing something over 300 head, and two herds in New Hampshire. The places where the disease has been discovered have been quarantined under State authority, and the shipment of stock from the infected States, with the exception of New Hampshire, has been prohibited by the United States Department of Agriculture. We have slaughtered some of the outlying herds and are making arrange- ments to kill off diseased cattle as fast as possible. It is very difficult to maintain quarantines and stop the spread of disease while the affect- ed animals are alive. I enclose copies of circulars of information which we are using. Very respectfully, D. E. SALMON, Chief of Bureau. * * * The circulars referred to are as follows : INSTRUCTIONS CONCERNING INSPECTION FOR FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, ) BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY, WASHINGTON, D. C., December 3, 1902. To Inspectors Engaged in Evadication of Foot-and-Mouth Disease : The eradication of foot-and-mouth disease is the most urgent and im- portant problem confronting the live-stock industry at this time. The inspectors and others engaged upon this work are helping to make an imperishable part of the veterinary sanitary history of the country. Should the disease become more prevalent or escape to the West, the condition would constitute a grave calamity which might easily reach EDITORIAL. 905 national proportions. If the disease is confined to its present area and is exterminated there, great credit will be awarded to all who have had a part in this memorable achievement. It is hoped that every individ- ual inspector, agent, or other employee will realize his own great respon- sibility in this service and will do all that he can do to insure the early and complete eradication of this plague. For the purpose’ of explaining and systematizing the work, the fol- lowing instructions are issued : Cobperation Between the States and the Federal Government. The work in hand will be carried out, so far as possible, in coOpera-_ tion between the authorities of the States and the Bureau of Animal In- dustry. In some instances agents of the Bureau of Animal Industry will be given commissions from the Cattle Bureau or the Cattle Com- mission of a State, so that they may exercise authority that is not directly conferred by the Bureau of Animal Industry. The responsibility of the inspectors and agents is in large degree a joint responsibility, as they will be clothed with authority both from the State and the Nation. It is therefore important that all work shall be conducted in full l.ar- mony with the State and local inspectors. General Plan of Operation. The general plan of operation will be to locate every diseased animal or infected place as soon as possible, and then to establish such restric- tions as will effectually prevent the transfer of infection. All infectious material must be held in seclusion until it has perished or has been de- stroyed ; that is to say, until the subjects have fully recovered or have been killed and the premises disinfected. Everyone is encouraged to send to Dr. S. E. Bennett, 147 Milk Street, Boston, Mass., any reports or rumors that he may hear in regard to the probable or possible existence of disease in any new locality. Suggestions Regarding Inspections. In inspecting animals with the view of discovering the existence of foot-and-mouth disease, it should be borne in mind that the acute symp- toms causing appreciable illness are of short duration. The cow becomes feverish and depressed not more than a day before the vesicles appear in the characteristic locations. After this the temperature falls to near normal. The vesicles last one or two days, and after they have broken, unless the areas involved are exceptionally large or complications arise, healing starts almost at once. If the vesicles are large or numerous upon the teats or about the hoofs, soreness of these regions may remain for two weeks or more. Therefore, if an inspection is made for the pur- pose of determining whether a herd has passed through the disease, and 9116 EDITORIAL. in the absence of superficial erosions upon the pad, within the lips, upon the gums or tongue, special weight should be placed upon slight lameness, undue moisture of the skin between the toes, and sore teats. It may beof value in some instances to apply at the creamery or milk shipping station for information as to the quantity of milk produced at the time it is suspected that the herd was affected. A more or less sud- den fall in the yield, lasting for one or two weeks, might be a valuable clue. Much may sometimes be gained by conversation with cattle deal- ers and live-stock owners in regard to outbreaks in other places. In sheep and swine the symptoms are about as they are in cattle, but the vesicles are move likely to be confined to the feet. All exposed cloven-footed animals are to be regarded as possible carriers of the dis- ease and are to be quarantined and reported. Flow to Avoid Spreading Infection. It is of the utmost importance that the inspectors shall not them- selves carry infection from place to place. This may be avoided by scrupulous attention to the following precautions : Each inspector shall be provided with a rubber coat coming to with- in 9 inches of the ground, a pair of rubber boots, and a bottle of creolin or some mercuric chloride tablets. He should also have a cotton skull- cap that may be carried in the pocket of the rubber coat. Before going into a stable in which there is any reason to suspect that infection may exist, this special attire shall be put on. Upon coming out, the exposed parts of the coat and the boots shall be washed off thoroughly with a 3 per cent. solution of creolin or with mercuric chloride solution, 1 to 1,000. All dust, dirt, and manure shall be removed from the coat and boots in this way. The inspector shall then remove his cap and place it in the pocket of his coat, pack his special Clothing in a bag provided for this purpose, and then disinfect his hands. The cap shall be disin- fected at the close of each day’s work. If so much washing makes the hands sore, rubber gloves may be worn, if disinfected carefully each time after use. Importance of Absolute Quarantine. Do not fail to impress upon each person in charge of a quarantined herd the absolute necessity of a strict and complete quarantine. Explain what such aquarantine means. Give to each such person a copy of Cir- cular No. 38, B. A. I., on foot-and-mouth disease. Especially impress the importance of excluding all visitors, and of those who have been about infected cattle or premises keeping away from the stock or prem- ises of others. Remember that dogs and cats must be confined, and all stray animals excluded from quarantined premises. Keep all cattle dealers away. EDITORIAL, 07 Reports, Make reports carefully and promptly. If special conditions of im- portance arise telephone or telegraph to Dr. S. E. Bennett, 147 Milk Street, Boston. Do not fail toreport anythtng that may have a bearing on the origin or the additional distribution of this disease. D. E. Sammon, Chief of Bureau. * * * : FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE ;—WARNING TO ALL OWNERS OF CATTLE, SHEEP, AND SWINE. Why this Circular ts Issued, Foot-and-mouth disease of cattle, sheep, and other ruminants, and swine has recently been brought from some foreign country and has appeared in a few localities in Massachusetts and some adjacent States. Since this disease has been unknown in America for many years, and then but to a limited extent, there are few who have practical knowl- edge of its nature. As it is vastly in the interest of all owners of cat- tle, sheep, and swine that this disease shall be eradicated promptly, and as they can render important aid, this circular of information is com- mended to their careful attention. What Foot-and-mouth Disease Is. This disease is an excessively contagious malady peculiar to rumi- nating animals (cattle, sheep, goats, deer) and swine. Rarely is it transmitted to man. It is characterized by the eruption of vesicles or blisters in the mouth, upon the heels, or between the toes, and upon the teats or udder. The appetite is depressed, the milk flow diminishes, the animal loses condition and becomes lame. After a day or two the vesicles break, peel off, and leave a raw surface that may heal in’a few days, or, especially upon the feet and teats, that may remain sore for a long time and lead to serious complications. The death rate is very low, but it attacks the whole herd and many animals are seriously dam- aged, so that the loss to a herd owner is heavy. The Importance of E-xterminating this Outbreak Here and Now, European cattle owners have learned by long and bitter experience that this disease is the source of most discouraging and not infrequently of ruinous losses. While the disease does not often kill, it damages, temporarily or permanently, every cow it attacks to the extent of from $10 to $40. The total loss on a herd is usually enough to wipe out a dairyman’s profits for a year or two. The effect upon fat animals is quite as serious. It is not uncommon for the stock owners of England, France, or Germany to be injured by this disease, in a single year, to the extent of $5,000,000. With our much larger holdings of live stock 905 EDITORIAL. in this country, the possible losses from this disease, if 1t were to be- come general, are stupendous and incalculable. At present the disease exists over a comparatively small area. It is confidently believed by the experts who have investigated the situation that it can be controlled and eradicated. It is important that this shall be done, not only that the other parts of the country shall be protected, but also to prevent the frequent visitations of the disease that otherwise would afflict the live stock of New England. To this end, the aid of all stockmen and farmers is requested. Flow Foot-and-mouth Disease ts Spread. There is no other disease that is so readily and certainly conveyed by contact. It is also conveyed by exposing healthy animals, even for an instant, to the stables, yards, pastures, or cars that have been occu- pied by affected animals ; by buckets, cloths, brushes, or other objects that have been used by or on diseased cattle; by the use of forage ex- posed in mangers or even in the distant parts of the stable harboring infected animals. The disease is also carried by small animals, as dogs, cats, rats, birds, or upon the hands, boots, or clothing of men. A road along which diseased cattle have passed, may retain enough virus to infect other cattle that pass over the same place several hours later. Premises occupied by diseased cattle are not safe for other cattle for a few months after the disease has disappeared. In short, it is to be re- membered that every diseased animal is dangerous, and also every ani- mal, person, or thing that has been near it or has been near a place occu- pied by it. Inspectors may avoid the danger of carrying the disease by cleanliness and disinfection. Flow Foot-and-mouth Disease may be Recognized. The symptoms of this disease most obvious to stockmen are: Slug- glishness, shivering, poor appetite, stiffness or lameness, collection of saliva upon the lips, slavering, slobbering or drooling, sucking and swallowing motions of the mouth and throat, smacking of the lips, blisters inside the lips, upon the gums, tongue, or roof of the mouth ; later, raw sores in the same places. Blisters and sores may also form upon the teats or udder and upon the heels and between the toes. The flow of milk lessens or ceases and the subject usually loses weight. All these symptoms may not be present in the same animal, and all are never present in an animal atone time. Moreover, the symptoms occur in varying degrées of severity. They may be very mild or very intense. The later symptoms may be intense lameness, emaciation, sore teats and garget. With sheep and swine the feet are chiefly affected. What Owners May Do to Protect their Stock Now and for the Future, The most important matter is to prevent the infection of animals not EDITORIAL. 99 ‘eli ecpiged’ “This can be done by avoiding the purchase of affected stock ; by excluding all outside animals from the herd or flock ; by each “person who comes near healthy stock avoiding contact with diseased ‘animals or the places or things contaminated by them ; by excluding vis- itors from the cow stable, sheep and hog pens; and by preventing the access of strange or stray animals, which may. carry the virus on their feet or hair, although they are themselves in good health. Neither cows nor bulls should be moved from one place to another for service. - Should the herd or flock become infected, the appearance of the first evidence of disease should be immediately reported to the Chief of the Cattle Bureau, a State Cattle Commissioner, the local inspector of live * animals, or to the Bureau of Animal Industry office, 147 Milk Street, Boston, Mass. Urgent Necessity of Immediate Repo of First Symptoms Causing Sus- picion. The eradication of this disease and the removal of all quarantine and other restrictions upon the cattle trade can be materially hastened by the live stock owners themselves, if they will promptly report the first evidence of foot-and-mouth disease in their herds or localities. This fact can not be suppressed and the sooner it is brought to the notice of the proper authorities, the less the resulting damage will be. It is to be hoped that citizens everywhere will realize the importance of aiding the authorities who are working to eradicate this destructive plague, and they can render no more valuable service to themselves, their lo- calities, or the nation than to immediately report a newly infected ani- “mal-or place. Fine ie Neglect to Report the. Disease. The law of Massachusetts imposes a fine of $100 on any person who suspects the existence of this disease and fails to report it in writing to the Chief of the Cattle Bureau or his authorized representative. “Approved: | D. E. SALMON, JAMES WILSON, Chief of Bureau. Secretary of Agriculture. WASHINGTON, D. C., December 4, 1902. x The great confidence felt in the sagacity, integrity and ability of the Bureat of Animal Industry has been sufficient to prevent that feeling of great alarm which would otherwise be experienced by the veterinary profession and the country at large through the presence of this European scourge upoi our soil, for it has shown its capacity to cope with such emergencies 910 EDITORIAL. even when the danger was greater anid its facilities less perfect. But this feeling of confidence in otir national representative should not blind us to a thorough appreciation of the fact that we have upon our shores one of the most actively contagious diseases of the Old World, and one which carries with it great financial loss to our stock-raisers, for should it slip through the quarantine lines already established, and find its way into the vast Western country and its permanent invasion be effected, the calamity to the nation could scarcely be over-estimated. It is the certain duty and will be the pleasant privilege of every veterinarian to codperate with the Federal authorities in every way possible to stamp out as quickly and as thoroughly as possible this common danger. IOWA TAKES A LONG ADVANCE STEP. At the last meeting of the Iowa State Veterinary Medical Examining Board, composed of Drs. W. A. Heck, H. E. Talbot, and S. H. Johnston, the following resolution was adopted : Section 2, Article 4.—‘ Applicants graduating after the third Tuesday in June, 1903, must have pursued the study of veterinary medicine, surgery and dentistry for at least three years, including three regular courses of lectures of at least Six imonths each in different years in some legally incorporated and recognized veterinary college.” (A recognized veterinary col- lege or department for the purpose of these regtilations shall be one that is recognized as having all in its course of study and staff of instructors that veterinary colleges giving instruction in the United States have and as having all the requirements that a college giving instruction in veterinary medicine, surgery and dentistry should have. ) The far-reaching effects of this decision for the good of vet- erinaty science can not be over-estimated, for it will not only lift the profession to a higher plane in the State of Iowa, but it will break through the ice of indecision in other common- wealths in the West, paving the way to that general and com- mon requirement which will in time make the qualification of EDITORIAL. 911 veterinary licentiates identical in every State in the Union. The Iowa Board is entitled to and will receive the hearty plaudits of the friends of scientific education for the wisdom and courage which they have displayed; and they should be prepared to sustain their act by every means at their command. The profession of New York State know by long experience that not a session of the legislature will pass without one or more attempts being made to let down the bars for the admis- sion of individuals or classes; and our brethren in the North- | west can reap rewards by being forewarned in this regard. The splendid State Association in Iowa is now all-powerful, harmo- nious and enthusiastic, and can easily by careful cognizance of proposed pernicious legislation, effectually controvert it by united opposition. Three cheers for Iowa ! THE REVIEW tenders its readers the compliments of the season, and wishes them a greater degree of prosperity from all standpoints for the new year than they have enjoyed in the past, which has, however, been one of true progress along the best lines. Educational interests have been more satisfactory than ever in our history, associational usefulness and enthusiasm was never more acute, while the worth of the practitioner from a practical point of view has been more generally and generously recognized by owners of live-stock, whether it has been in con- sultation upon sanitary questions or the restoration to health or alleviation from pain of a faithful animal servant or com- panion. : FIGHTING RINDERPEST.—Successful results are said to have been obtained recently with antirinderpest serum in the Muktesar Laboratory near Naini Tal. During the past twelve months enough serum to inoculate 300,000 cattle has been pro- duced there, and more than a hundred veterinary assistants from all parts of India have been trained in applying it. The serum has given satisfactory results wherever it has been tried, and veterinary officers are beginning to find that prejudice against its use is disappearing.—( Chem. and Drug.) 912 : M. .H. REYNOLDS, ORIGINAL ARTICLES. HAEMORRHAGIC SEPTICAEMIA., By M. H. REYNOLDS, M. D., V. M., UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA, ST. ANTHONY PARK, MINN. (Concluded from page 837.) PROVISIONAL REPORT ON BACTERIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF HAMORRHAGIC SEPTICAAMIA AT STATE EXPERIMENT STA- TION, ST. ANTHONY PARK, JUNE 9TH, 1902. Specimens were collected from cows No. 1, 2, 3, on June gth, and from cow No. 4 on June 12th, at autopsies conducted by Drs. Reynolds and Brimhall. Aaczllus bovisepticus (heemor- thagic septicaemia) was obtained in pure culture from the liver and spleen of cow No. 4, and was found present also in the lung and meninges of cow No. 1, and in the pharyngeal gland and meninges of cow No. 2, though in these latter two animals the bacillus was mixed with other organisms such as colon ba- cillus. This was probably due to the fact that the autopsies were not made until several hours after death. With the cultures obtained from the meninges of cow No. 1, rabbit No. 569 was inoculated intravenously, June 13th, and died on June 14th (ze. in less than 24 hours). From the rabbit the bacillus was obtained in pure culture from the heart’s blood. From cow No. 3 this bacillus was not isolated, probably ow- ing to the very great infection with other microorganisins which had developed after the death of the cow. Further rabbit inoc- ulations will be made. In the meantime, from three of the four sources, the microorganism has been obtained and from one source, cow No. 1, the organism has been shown to be virulent. The strains of bacilli from the other two cows have been inoc- ulated into animals, but as yet no results have been obtained. Yours truly, F..-F. WESBROOK. UNIVERSITY: FARM CASE NOTES. Iris.—June 8, 3-5 P..M., she was slightly stupid, in stand- -ing position, apparently strong and breathing easily. This cow drank naturally and did not show anything unusual except a slight listlessness. Diedat 6.15 P.M. Iris’ death was very unex- pected until within a few minutes before it occurred. (See Fig. 7.) Vye cow.—June 8,11 A. M., quiet, apparently comfortable. HMORKHAGIC SEPTICEMIA. 915 Fic. 7.—Iris. University Farm outbreak. An apparently easy attitude, slightly stupid, A moment before, she was drinking and switching flies unconcernedly. The photograph shows her condition at 5 P. M.; at 6.15 Pp. M. She was dead. Could walk fairly well, not supposed to be in any serious dan- ger. This cow had a slight convulsion at 9 A. M. I-3 P. M., quiet, and lying in a comfortable position. June 9, the cow was found dead early in the morning in a back stable, having forced her way through an intervening door, which had been closed the night before. She had evidently shown great activity before death, although she was very quiet the evening before and not considered to be in immediate danger. Fic. 8.—Lou. University Farm outbreak, meningeal! type; case in first stage, cow stupid. 914 M. H. REYNOLDS. Zou.—June 8, 3-5 P. M., standing most of the time, walked fairly well but seemed very weak. Died about 6.15 P.M. (See Fig. 8.) Sweet Clover.—June 8, died about 9 P. M., after an hour or more of intense nervous and physical activity. She was champing jaws spasmodically and had convulsions of face and neck muscles. The earlier history of this case is unknown. This heifer was taken sick suddenly in a pasture to which the other cases had not had access and was the only case to develop in this pasture. Alzanka.—June 8, quiet at 10-12 A.M. Neck around tothe side as in parturient paresis. Could walk but was down most of the time. 3-5 P. M., down all the time, neck in the flank, quiet. g Pp. M., down with neck in tight flank most of the time; quiet, stupid, with stertorous breathing. June 9, 9 A. M., about the same as the previous night. II A. M., temperature 100.8 2.40 P.M 101.8 6.45 P. M. 3 102.8 9.40 P. M. - 101.8 HS LO; 7 (AM 4s 100.8 Fic. 9.—Dell. University Farm outbreak, meningeal type; case in first stage, animal stupid. HZMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA. 915 This cow died at 10 Pp. M. Little apparent change in condi- tion until near the end. Dell.—June 8, 11 A. M., quiet, down most of the time. At 3 Pp. M., lying in the yard, stupid, neck bent to one side. She was quiet, although the appearance of her eyes and condi- tion of the cervical and facial muscles suggested a tension of the nervous system. Breathing at this time was stertorous. | IO P. M., temperature 101.5. Down, quiet but showing the usual symptoms in the face and neck. Loss of skin sensation, . etc. June 9, 9 A. M., apparently little change since last night. 2.30 P. M., about the same. 6.45 P. M., temperature 101.6. 9.50 P. M. os 103.4. This cow died at about 4 A. M. June roth. Countess.—June 8, 11 A. M. Respiration stertorous recum- bent most of the time, but could walk. 2.30 P. M., pupil of right eye contracted, left dilated. 3-5 P. M., this cow was down most of the time, respiration stertorous. Could walk, but the gait was quite irregular. June 9, 9 A. M., cow had died during the night and was found out doors having in some way forced her way through or Fic 10.—Dell. University Farm outbreak. The same animalas figure 9. Aslightly later stage of the disease. 916 M. H. REYNOLDS. under a very heavy sliding door. Evidently there had been intense activity before death. Euroma.—This was a Jersey cow, giving normally at this time about 14 pounds of milk, testing 5 to 6 per cent. butter fat. She gave on the evening of June 6, 5.1 pounds of milk, testing 6.2 per cent. ; on the morning of the 7th, 2.1 pounds of milk, 5.2 per cent: butter fat. On the morning of the 7th the head was carried to the left ; the left ear was more upright than the other and held back ina peculiar position, and the animal seemed stupid. June 8, 9 P. M., patient was standing grating her teeth and showing very marked spasmis of the cervical muscles. The head was now turned around to the right and a portion of the right ear cold. She was not seen during the interval but supposed to be quiet and easy from what was learned of the attendant. At 9.05 P. M., this cow was found back of a spray pump in the runway, very stupid, weak and with poor circulation. She was in standing position and grating her teeth. Spasms of the cervical muscles were marked. This cow was apparently in very serious condition. At 10 Pp. M., there was great nervous excitement, the pa- tient tearing around in a large room with short intervals of com- parative quiet. Chewing motion, discharge of frothy saliva and convulsions of the neck and face muscles were continuous. 10. P. M., temperature 104. 10.30 P. M. sf 105. II.20 P. M. 107.6. Died at 11.40 P. M. Note the very rapid rise of temperature. Trudie Lee.—This cow gave no milk on the evening of June Io. June II, IO A. M., temperature 102; I P. M., temperature 101.8. This cow was apparently almost normal on June 11, but showed the usual peculiar expression of eyes and head, She was grating the teeth slightly ; salivation was increased and skin sensation good, at least during forenoon ; patient slightly dull. HAMORRHAGIC SEPTICAMIA, 917 June 11, 1 Pp. M., down, when made to get up she stretched and seemed to feel first-rate. The nose was moist. 6 Pp. M., temperature 101.6; neck at right side, hair rough ; feet raised several times in a crampy way, nose moist. 9 P. M., temperature 102.6, wild expression in the eyes, and nose dry. She died during the night. Examination Post-mortem.—Only this one autopsy record of the University Farm cases will be given here. The findings in all cases were very similar and Trudie Lee may be taken as a type. Trudie Lee, a Jersey cow, in good condition, died early in the morning of June 12. The carcass was in fairly good condition. There were hemorrhages in several places on superficial parts, under scapule, etc. There were very marked hemor- thages involving meninges of the medulla, but scarcely showing at all on the brain surface or in its substance. Multiple hem- orrhages were thickly scattered over omentum and mesen- tery, and there were several on the surface of the liver. The heart showed many small hemorrhages on the surface; the right auricle being very markedly hemorrhagic. On the costal pleura there were numerous hemorrhages of varying sizes. The lungs were deeply congested in places, especially in the region of the internal faces. Lesions were all of marked hemorrhagic character. There were two marked hemorrhages between peritoneal and muscular coats of the uterus, which contained a normal five or six months foetus. Comments on Case Notes. A survey of the foregoing case notes brings to light several interesting points. In the first place it will be noted that the temperatures were normal or subnormal rather than high, until a very short time before death, when the temperature rose very rapidly, notably in the case of Euroma. ‘The evidence on this point is not altogether satisfactory, for in so many of the cases circumstances were such that temperatures could not well be taken during the last houror so. In the Caffrey cases, where it 918 M. H. REYNOLDS. was possible to follow the cases entirely through its course from the onset until the fatal termination, the temperatures were nor- mal or subnormal throughout. In the outbreak which occurred among cattle at the Univer- sity Experiment Farm the disturbances of the nervous system were particularly marked, so much so that the diagnosis based on both ante and post-mortem symptoms was unanimously con- sidered to be a cerebro-spinal meningitis. Several of these cases at certain stages very closely resem- bled typical cases of parturient paresis. (See letter from Dr. Hela, under “‘ Caffrey Outbreak.”’) It should perhaps be noted that we had one cow taken sick with all the clinical symptoms of this latter disease, the symptoms appearing about 36 hours after parturition. (See ‘A Supposed Milk Fever Case.”) The outbreak previously described as appearing among the dairy cat- tle belonging to the University Experiment Farm appeared on June 8, or about 11 days after this supposed milk fever case. No examination post-mortem was made of the latter, but in view of the fact that several of the cases which appeared in the general outbreak among our cattle very closely resembled milk fever in all points except in the history of recent parturition, grave doubt has arisen in the mind of the writer whether the supposed milk fever case was not a cerebro-spinal type of hemorrhagic septicaemia instead of parturient paresis. The writer can well understand that a suspicion as to the accuracy of the diagnosis in an apparently typical case of parturient paresis may appear somewhat peculiar, to say the least, but to those of us who saw the cases among our University Farm cattle it does not seem peculiar at all. There does not appear any reason why this pe- culiar type of haemorrhagic septicaemia could not appear thirty- six hours after parturition as well as at any other period. If we consider the sudden checking of milk flow, the constipation, the posterior paralysis, the lack of skin sensation, the recumbent position, with the head in the flank much of the time, the rea- son for doubting an apparently clear diagnosis may be easily understood. HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA. 919 A peculiar fact which appeared in connection with our Uni- versity Farm cases was noticed by the attendants, and every one who saw the case, viz., that the animals nearly all died in what they called the “inverse ratio” z. e., the cases which were apparently most seriously sick early in their histories were the cases which lived the longest, whereas the apparently milder cases died very quickly and very unexpectedly. Those cases. which were apparently most seriously sick were the ones which lived until the last ones of the outbreak. The Vye cow is an instance in point. If the brief convulsion on the morning of June 8th had not been seen, this cow would not ordinarily have been considered sick at all beyond a very slight diarrhcea. Iris was standing in the yard drinking, switching flies, showing nothing whatever apparently wrong with her except slight listlessness as seen in the accompanying photograph, and yet she died very suddenly and unexpectedly, without develop- ing serious symptoms until a very short time before death. In none of the cases witnessed by the writer has there been a rise of temperature, nor any tenderness on pressure over the spinal column more than elsewhere over the body, but quite a number have shown a hypersensitive condition of the skin in general. None of the cases seen by the writer presented un- natural heat at the base of the horns, or throat paralysis. It will be seen that although the State Farm outbreak was un- questionably a cerebro-spinal meningitis as proven by ante- mortem and-post-mortem symptomis, yet it differed in verv many particulars from cerebro-spinal meningitis as it appears in the human family. A CASE OF OVINE HA/MORRHAGIC SEPTICAIMIA. A show sheep in fine condition, ten months old, which ar- rived from Canada about the middle of' February, was noticed sick February 17th, and died on the 18th. This animal was examined on the 17th about.4 p. mM: The patient showed pecu- liar breathing, there being two or three short, moderately full respirations, and then a considerable interval. Respirations were not very rapid, and quite unlike an ordinary pneumonia. 920 M. H. REYNOLDS. Neither nasal discharge nor cough was noticed. ‘Temperature aud pulse were not taken. This was supposed to be a case of common catarrh and not thought serious. The animal died very unexpectedly. Autopsy.—Several bright, sharply defined hemorrhagic areas were found on the inner surface of the skin, after remov- ing an excessive amount of fat. There were no hemorrhages on the superficial muscles. The small intestines were evenly and generally congested, but this was comparatively slight. No hemorrhage upon any portion of the alimentary tract. Lungs were as if they had been taken from a hog during an outbreak of hog cholera and swine plague, and were typical of the latter disease. ‘he collapsed areas amounted to probably one-third of the entire lung substance. The heart showed extensive heemorrhagic infiltrations, especially the auricles. Report from Dr. Wesbrook, Director of the Bacteriological Laboratory of the State Board of Health, was to the effect that pure cultures of Bacillus bovisepticus were recovered. SUPPOSED MILK FEVER CASE. A Jersey cow, of high dairy type, belonging to the Univer- sity Experimental Farm, calved May 28. She was noticed sick on May 29, and when seen by the writer had lost voluntary control of the limbs ; skin sensation was poor over most of the body surface. She was rather quiet with the head in the flank, and the usual retention of faeces and urine. Iodide of potassium, IO grammes was dissolved in a quart of warm water at 10.30 A. M., May 29. One-fourth of this was injected into each gland. This treatment apparently had very little effect and the dose was repeated at 9 A. M.. May 30. This second dose was practi- cally without effect and the cow died some time during the same afternoon. We did not expect the cow to die at this time and she was not seen during the last few hours. In view of the symptoms which were seen in one general outbreak of hamor- rhagic septicemia where several cases very closely simulated milk fever, the suggestion may not appear unreasonable that this case was either not a case of milk fever or else, if you HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICAMIA. 921 please, a case of milk fever caused by the same germ which was apparently responsible for the development of the other cases, which appeared later (see University Farm Outbreak). SUSPECTED OUTBREAKS NOT UNDER THE PERSONAL OBSERVA- TION OF THE WRITER. Mr. Wm. L. Hoover, Faribault, called at my office on Dec. 29 and said he had 17 head of cattle coming two years of age and had lost four; the first case about Dec. 1, and the last one about Dec. 27. The first three died within a week, leaving - quite an interval before the fourth one died on Dec. 27. All of these animals died very suddenly. The owner noticed on skin- ning the animals haemorrhagic areas on the body surface, par- ticularly on the neck, and stated that a similar condition may Fic. 11.—Diaphragm Showing Typical Hzemorrhages. have been present in every case, but it was not noticed. He did not know whether similar areas had appeared upon the viscera or not. Mr. E. G. Stark came to see me on Dec. 29, concerning the loss of cattle in his neighborhood. He reported that Mr. Isaac Carter had lost three cattle in about a week—out of a total of 12 head. This occurred iust before Christmas. The first one died in about six hours after having been noticed sick. The two others also died very suddenly. He could give no information concerning the post-mortem conditions, but stated that the cattle had been fed on shocked corn and kept in the stable and yard. Later I received a letter from Mr. Stark, dated Jan. 28, giv- 922 M. H. REYNOLDS. ing more definite information concerning the losses among Mr. Carter’s cattle. He states that the first one died about Dec. Io. It had been found sick in the morning and died about 3.30 P. M. The second died about ten days later. On coming up a hill on its return the animal stumbled and fell over dead, and as he states, ‘‘it did not even kick after falling.” This was a two- year-old steer. The third animal died about four days later. This one was taken sick at about eleven in the morning and lived until four o’clock the next morning, suffering very se- verely, at least so the owner supposed. This probably means that the animal did considerable struggling and possibly groan- ing while down. ‘The fourth animal was a young cow, and as he expressed it, ‘“‘she also died hard.” About Jan. 5 or 6, two animals were found dead in the barn in the morning and the next morning two more animals were found dead. one of these four last animals had been noticed sick. At the time of this outbreak Mr. Carter had sixteen head of cattle and lost eight. The owner informed Mr. Stark that those cases which had lived long enough to give an opportunity for observations had seemed very tender to the touch, particularly over the spinal column and near the base of the brain. The heads were drawn as far back as possible and the eyes “rolled up.” ‘The animals that died had been fed corn on the stalk. One interesting bit of information in connection with this outbreak was to the effect that the owner had these eight ani- mals drawn out just behind his stacks within a few yards of the barnyard after having removed the skin, and that no further cases appeared. One of the neighbors who skinned most of these animals for Mr. Carter had a nice lot of cattle, but his cattle received no infection. Mr. Peter Nelson had lost eight and killed two out of a total of seventeen head. ‘The first case appeared early in No- vember. The deaths with the exception of two, came very close together. These two died a week or so later. No careful examination post-mortem was made, and no further information was obtainable from Mr. Nelson. HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICAMIA. 923 Mr. Jens Sorenson, of Monticello, wrote me on December 7 concerning some disease among a neighbor’s cattle. His letter was to the effect that a certain neighbor had lost eight cattle, and other neighbors had lost cattle from this disease. Some of these cattle which the owners. had supposed to be in perfect health had dropped suddenly and died practically without struggling. Others have lived a few hours after being taken sick. The neighbors had noticed that those which lived for a few hours appeared very sensitive along the spinal column. - This is very meagre information of course. Richard Anderson, Belle Plaine, had eleven head and lost four. The first one died about November 13th, the last one November 29th. None were sick at the time the information was received. The period of sickness was given as approxi- mately three hours, but varied. The owner stated that the head was drawn backward after the animals went down; dark red areas were noticed under the skin, but no spots were seen on the internal organs. His cattle were confined to the yard and usually given dry feed, including shocked corn fodder. Mr. Anderson noticed also the peculiar grunting expiration, usual sensitiveness of the body surface under pressure, and that the animals were disinclined to walk around, being appa- rently sore. He described the typical condition of the intes- tines and rectal mucous membrane. DIAGNOSIS. It is very evident, in view of the widely different types ex- hibited in different outbreaks, the very brief period of illness and the similarity between this and certain other diseases, that a positive ante-mortem diagnosis is necessarily out of the ques- tion in many cases and uncertain in any case, except with the aid of previous autopsy and clear histories in previous cases of a given outbreak. The diagnosis must depend on the history, what little can be learned of the ante-mortem symptoms, and the results of examinations post-mortem. In all cases which came under the observation of the writer, there were opportuni- REYNOLDS. H. 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GHG suOoIsa] [B07] “* yasuQ : SNWOLUWAS jeqy Aypereuay}u sour yeurue £,0qv7 # STA PiIMns tea ‘sasioy ‘daays ‘ae9| speumue ajqndeosng ‘Juaraytpuy]}** © * “Suwoavy uosvag ‘umMOoUyUa}*** + peaids ¥ off ‘onoozuq)* ** ‘ peeids yo yuajxq y uMouyuUN ‘poyeyy|***” ** ‘uoldajuy snondastaoqg sniploeg|***** “wstuesio joy “syreMay “‘sisuluaw [eulds-o1qasag ‘xeaqjue sQRVMo}IWAS *xeryuy “elma ides oIseYyIOW ey ‘SILIDNINAW ‘TVNIdS-OUdTHAAD UNV XVUHLNV OLLVWOLAWAS ‘XVYHINV ‘VINHOMdaS OIOVHYAONWH— “ATOLLS AALLVUVdWNOO V HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICAMIA. 925 ties for such examinations because all cases terminated fatally. Differential Diagnosis.—So far as facts occur to the writer at present, the differential diagnosis comes between anthrax, symptomatic anthrax, corn stalk disease, specific cerebro-spinal meningitis. There is no question in the writer’s mind but that hzemorrhagic septiczemia has in the past been very frequently diagnosed as other diseases, particularly as anthrax and symp- tomatic anthrax. The writer suspects that very many cases of so-called corn stalk disease have been nothing more or less than the disease now under discussion. The differential diagnosis is perhaps shown as clearly in the preceding table as could be given in any other way. The ante-mortem differential diagnosis, exclusive of labora- tory findings, between hemorrhagic septiczemia and anthrax is to be made upon the appearance of the blood, the history of spread, the extent of spread and temperature. The ante-mortem differential diagnosis, exclusive of labora- tory findings, between hemorrhagic septicaemia and sympto- matic anthrax must evidently be based upon the history of the cases, especially the ages af animals affected, temperature, local superficial lesions, and examination of blood taken from the tumor in case such lesion is present. A discussoin of: differential ante-mortem diagnosis, exclusive of laboratory findings, between hzemorrhagic septiczemia and specific cerebro-spinal meningitis of cattle is apparently not justified by existing reliable information concerning these two diseases. Our Minnesota outbreaks of infectious cerebro-spinal meningitis among cattle have been of a rapidly fatal type and showing so far as our present knowledge of the subject is con- cerned no clinical evidence’ upon whicha differential ante-mor- tem diagnosis could be made. In other words for our ante-mor- tem diagnosis between these two diseases we are at present de- pendent almost wholly upon the laboratory. It will be noted in studying the table that in their histories and general clinical evidences these two diseases run very closely parallel but may be very easily distinguished at autopsy 926 M. H. REYNOLDS. when the typical heemorrhagic lesions appear in the one and do not appear in the other. The post-mortem differential diagnosis between hemorrhagic septiceemia and anthrax rests upon the appearance of the blood and condition of the spleen. In so far as general hzemorrhagic conditions are concerned ; hemorrhages involving the serous cavities ; results of inoculation with the laboratory animals ; and hemorrhages involving the heart or its membranes and also in mortality the diseases are very closely parallel indeed. The post-mortem differential diagnosis between hzemorrhagic septicaemia and symptomatic anthrax lies : in the appearance of multiple localized heemorrhagic areas in the former, but not in the latter ; and emphysematous tumors involving the subcuta- neous cerolar and muscular tissues, especially of the upper por- tions of the limbs, which are frequently present in the latter but not in the former. : The post-mortem differential diagnosis between hzemor- thagic septicaemia and cerebro-spinal meningitis, except in the cerebro-spinal type of the former, rests upon the involvement of the brain and cord, and their membranes, and upon the pres- ence or absence of the typical hzemorrhages elsewhere. Local- ized heemorrhages elsewhere in the one case or their absence in the other, should clear up the diagnosis as positively as would be possible without laboratory work. ‘The differential diagnosis, so far as laboratory work is concerned is apparently not particu- larly difficult, provided the work can be done under favorable conditions. It is out of the question to discuss intelligently the differ- ential diagnosis either ante or post-mortem between hamor- rhagic septiceemia and corn stalk disease until we know some- thing at least of what the latter is and have some definite in- formation concerning it. Treatment deserves no discussion, for, so far as our present information concerning the disease extends, it is a waste of time and medicine, although it is true that the two animals, Alzanka and Dell (University Experiment Farm outbreak), received full HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA. 927 doses of nerve sedatives, and lived very much longer than other cases, but terminated in death just the same. "Fic. 12.—Swine Plague Hemorrhages. These hemorrhages resemble very closely the hemorrhages of bovine hemorrhagic septicemia. It is interesting to note that the specific germ or germs of ewig peer and hemorrhagic septicemia are not distinguishable by any known laboratory procedure. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS. For the present, at least, we must consider the term “ he- morrhagic septicaemia” as quite inclusive, a sort of generic name which must cover a multitude of widely varying types of disease, in all of which the specific microdrganism 2. dovr- septtcus is found, and so far as our present information is con- cerned we are apparently justified in considering this germ as the specific cause of the widely varying types. It is also safe to assume that it is not by any means a new disease, the only new feature about it being probably its definite diagnosis by Dr. Wilson of the Laboratory of the Minnesota State Board of Health. Very many outbreaks of this disease have unquestion- ably been diagnosed as corn-stalk disease, black leg, and an- thrax. ‘Those of us who have been so fortunate, or unfortunate perhaps, as to have had personal experience with the disease in Minnesota have had occasion to smile at the clearly described typical outbreaks of hemorrhagic septicemia appearing in our veterinary journals under other names. AT the recent Orange Horse Show (Orange, N. J.), Dr. T. Earle Budd’s chestnut mare ‘‘ Anne Morton” won second prize in class 23 for single roadsters over 15.1 hands. Both in the quality of horses and the number of exhibits the Orange Horse Show this year is said to have eclipsed any of its predecessors. 9238 J. B.. SANDERSON. THE PATHOLOGY OF INFECTION, ABSTRACT OF A PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS BY SIR J. BURDEN SANDERSON, BART., OF ENGLAND. Condensed from the Zazce¢ by PROF JAMES L. ROBERTSON, and read before the De- cember Meeting of the Veterinary Medical Association of New York County. Pathology seeks to investigate the causes of things—-the cellular pathology of to-day, for the encounter of disease-pro- ducing agents with the living organism presents to us problems which are as truly problems of cellular pathology as are those relating to the processes of inflammation, tubercle or cancer. The subject is the pathology of infection. ‘Try to translate into language which would have been intelligible to the patho- logical student of twenty years ago, the technical language which is unavoidable in dealing with notions which have, so to speak, sprung fresh from the laboratory and have not yet had time to clothe themselves in plain English. Lister had taught us at the end of the sixties the etiology of traumatic inflammation and of the diseases which are asso- ciated with it. From Chauveau we had learned that in the liquid contagia of many diseases communicable by inoculation —glanders, sheep-pox, small-pox—the morbific agent could be separated from the liquid in which it was suspended by me- chanical means, such as filtration or subsidence, and it nad been inferred from this that all such morbific agents were particu- late. Villemin had shown that tuberculosis could be communi- cated with certainty by inoculation. Several years later the specific nature of tubercle was obtained by the discovery of Salomonsen, that if a minimal quantity of tuberculous material is introduced into the anterior chamber of the eye of a rabbit no inflammatory reaction follows, but after an incubation period of two or three weeks tuberculous nodules appear on the iris— the process eventuating in general tuberculosis. At this time Koch was perfecting that great discovery which was the foundation of the bacteriological method—the discoy- ery that the bacillus of anthrax could be cultivated in success- THE PATHOLOGY OF INFECTION. 929 ive generations outside the body, and that these generations re- tained the power of communicating the disease for an unlimited period. The next important step in the investigation of the process of infection was the discovery that in certain animals the liquor sanguinis is possessed of alexeteric (a/exo—to “ward off’’) properties, by virtue of which it may contribute to the defense © of the organism and that in the animals in which the power of resisting specific infection has been acquired by immunization. This power can be transmitted to other individuals by the serum. The results which have been gained present to the student who desires to bring them into intelligible relation with each other, difficulties which are greater than any which he has to encounter in other branches of pathology. A few years ago, the contest seemed to be between infected organism and infecting microbe. Now we have also to do with toxins and antitoxins. In the language of a century ago, a transition has taken place from solidism to humeralism, and even the old words have been revived. To the microscopical methods we have to add chemical ones. If we had to do with substances of known constitution, which could be recognized by their chemical reactions, it might be otherwise, but as yet we are far removed from this knowledge. Now there are two points relating to infection about which all are agreed. One of these is that when a contagium enters the human or animal body, its encounter with the living or- ganisin is of a nature of a struggle between two opposing tend- encies. We may accept this notion of reciprocal counteraction or antagonism as fundamental, and allow it free scope in our speculations as to the nature of infection. There is one bio- logical law to which there is no exception—the law that in the living organism every part, every organ, works together with the rest for the maintenance and efficiency of the whole, and consequently for the counteraction of whatever is hostile to that end. 930 J. B. SANDERSON. The lability to infection which this fact implies must in ac- cordance with the law of adaptation be associated with the power of counteracting it. } The old notion that every bane has its antidote is so far true that every injurious substance which is capable of being assimilated (in the physiological sense) by the living cell, is also capable of exciting in it an abnormal reaction antagonistic to the first. We have long recognized this power of reaction in the cells of the animal body, but Dr. Walker by his previous studies on the bacillus of typhoid fever, and still more by the experiments published only the other day, has given reason for believing that it is also possessed by the bacillus itself. He has shown that when the bacillus of typhoid fever is grown in a bacterio- lytic medium, those bacilli which escape dissolution acquire a higher degree of virulence. In other words, the anti-bacterial reaction of the medium excites in the bacilli which evoked it an anti-antibacterial (z. e.,a pro-bacterial) reaction, which is, of course, equivalent to an increase of virulence. A second point, about which there is also complete agree- ment, is that of sfeczficity. The discovery of the specific cause of tubercle was anticipated and the microorganism itself sought for. But the most striking result of all has been the discovery of the close analogy between specificity of man and of the higher animals and that of their diseases. The analogy may be expressed by saying that species in animals and species in infective diseases have this in common— that they can be distinguished by characteristic peculiarities in the liquid part of the circulating blood, characteristics which might be called chemical, were it not that, although they belong not to cells, but to their fluid environment, they are physiologi- cal or pathological and not such as the chemist could take cog- nizance of. Let us pass on to the discussion of the two forms in which the infective process presents itself—infection by toxin and in- fection by bacteria. THE PATHOLOGY OF INFECTION. 931 We should, as far as possible, confine our attention to what happens in the tissues and structures of the infected organism when attacked by the infecting toxin or bacterium, as the case may be. Of the first kind of infection diphtheria is the typical instance. Its toxic action can be measured with assured accuracy by de- termining how much is just enough to kill a given test animal in a given time. A certain quantity of horse serum prepared by the now fa- miliar method of immunization is proved by experience to counteract that action—z. e., in technical language, to neutral- ize the mzuzmal lethal dose. This experiment, which has been repeated thousands of times, suggests the existence in toxin and serum of two bodies which enter into chemical combination, but when we seek for the evidence that this is so, we encounter insuperable difficulties. If the combination of the two antagonistic substances were a chemical one, it would be indicated by chemical reaction, ca- pable of being expressed in chemical language. In judging of chemical neutralization, we have recourse to a chemical test or indicator ; in the present instance our indicator is not chemical but pathological. The reagent used is not a chemical reagent in a test tube, but a living guinea-pig in a cagee The indicator, even if a little less exact, is quite as certain—we are able to observe the pathological effects, but of the substance which produces them we have as yet no exact knowledge. Later we shall see that certain concomitant phenomena of infection are already accessible to chemico-physical investiga- tion, but this cannot yet be said to be the case as regards the es- sential process of infection and counter-infection. We can best judge of this by considering what we know as to the essential nature of the action of the toxin of diphtheria. The quality which stands first is lethality. This we meas- ure in terms of the M. L. D. unit. It is a process during which the guinea-pig passes more or less gradually from potential to actual death. But lethality is not all. 932 J. B. SANDERSON. All toxins in moderate doses do something else. Side by side with the lethal process there is another process, the effects of which tend in the opposite direction. Its nature can be best understood by comparing it to what in physiology is called stimulation. For, just as the introduction of a saped substance into the mouth evokes a corresponding specific sensation, so, when a toxin enters the organism it calls forth an equally spe- cific reaction or response.- It is scarcely needful to point out that this response must have its seat in the living organism or the cells of which it is constituted, and, like other responses to stimulation, there is no constant relation between the intensity of the response and that of its exciting cause. It is still more important to notice that, although its effects extend not only to the living cells, but to the medium in which they live, the action itself is physiological or vital. The two properties may be characterized. The lethal effect and that of inducing an antidotal or protective action are so dif- ferent that it may seem superfluous to contrast them ; but their association in the process of infection suggests the question of the nature of the connection between them. That these two actions are wholly independent cannot be asserted, but there are many indications that they are not necessarily dependent on each other. Let us refer to one or two experimental facts. If, after a lethal dose of toxin has been administered to a guinea-pig, a dose of antitoxin, slightly larger than that necessary to antago- nize the toxin zz vztro, is given immediately, the lethal effects are averted. But if the antidote is delayed, as in the experiments of Donitz, the quantity of antitoxin required to prevent death must be correspondingly increased, until eventually no amount of it is adequate. ‘The lethal process, therefore, is one of which you can measure the duration in minutes, whereas the reaction is a process of protracted development. It would be difficult to re- gard them both as direct effects of the same cause. THE PATHOLOGY OF INFECTION. 933 The complete separateness of the one process from the other is still more strikingly proved by a remarkable series of experi- ments also relating to tetanus-toxin, made a year ago by Dr. Ritchie. He found that by subjecting tetanus-toxin to the ac- tion of very dilute hydrochloric acid for a limited period, it is possible so to modify active tetanus-toxin as to deprive it of its lethality, while retaining its power of exciting antagonistic ac- tion. He was thus able to use it at once in much larger dose than would otherwise have been possible, and consequently to bring up his animals very rapidly to such a degree of immunity that (in one series of experiments) they tolerated more than a hundred times the minimal lethal dose. This very important result seems to make it impossible to question the duality of the two actions of toxin—the lethal and the reactional—but it may still be asked what the nature of the reaction is? It would be rash to attempt a complete answer to this ques- tion, but we have in experiments, such as those of Donitz, an indication which can scarcely be mistaken. If when an animal is moribund, when the death process is going on and would certainly very shortly end, it can be arrested by an antidote, it is difficult to describe the action of the anti- dote, otherwise than by saying it is anti-lethal. As to the in- timate nature of the antagonism, we are precluded from discus- sion by the circumstance that the actions which antagonize each other are only known as actions. Lethality is a property which we cannot investigate 7 vitro. The sum of what has been said as regards the infections that owe their origin to soluble toxins is that in every such pro- cess there are two actions, respectively lethal and reactional, which have their seat in living cells. The latter is not in itself protective, but is able to awaken an anti-lethal reaction in the cells which come under its influence. You will observe that this statement embodies no theory of the nature of the process. 934 J. B. SANDERSON, It aims at setting forth what happens in the simplest and most general terms. Just as diphtheria and tetanus have served us for the exem- plification of the process of infection by soluble toxins, so we may take cholera as an instance of infection by microbes. Cholera is chosen for the reason that the fundamenta: exper- iments of Pfeiffer, which have led to so many important discov- eries, related to the cholera-vibrio. Among the earliest experiments in infective products the peritoneal cavity of the guinea-pig was used as constituting an admirable cultivation chamber, containing endothelial elements prone to proliferate and leucocytes prepared to incorporate what- ever particles were presented to them. The experiment just mentioned consists in this, that you in- troduce into the peritoneum cholera vibrios of mitigated viru- lence in less than lethal doses. ‘The effect of the proceeding is that the guinea-pig becomes immune, the signs of which change are (1) that fresh vibrios in many times the lethal dose can be introduced without lethal results, (2) that the vibrios undergo what for the last ten years has been known as bacteriolysis, and (3) that the serum of the animal acquires bacteriolytic and pro- tective properties. Now, with reference to this bacteriolytic serum: it had al- ready been discovered that it could be deprived of its bacterioly- tic power by moderate warming. But it was found that if the fluid so modified was intro- duced into the peritoneal cavity its lytic power was promptly restored—whence it was concluded that the constituents of eg, was in some form or other produced by contact with living cells. This contains in a nutshell what is essential in the process of bacterial infection and affordsa data on which the distinction between the toxical and the bacterial form of the infective pro- cess can be founded. In the case we first considered the encounter of the organ- ism with a soluble toxin during an active immunization, noth- the serum, which was destroyed by warmin THE PATHOLOGY OF INFECTION. 935 ing more is required than that the two actions designated as severally /ethal and reactional should be so opposed to each other that the effect of the former may be more or less balanced by the reaction due to the latter. When, as in natural infection, bacteria appear upon the scene as carriers of infection, it is nec- essary that (if I may be permitted to use teleological language) the infected organism should conform to the natural conditions _ of the infected organism. Pfeiffer’s experiment affords grounds for concluding that the power which the serum of animals immunized by his method possesses of dissolving the vibrios is due toa constituent similar in nature to that discovered several years before by Nuttall and Buchner and for the belief that in the bacteriolysis, which in Pfeiffer’s experiment took place in the peritoneal cavity, two agents took part, the first of which is clearly a specific product of the collision between bacteria and living tissue, the other preexisting and non-specific, a normal constituent of living cells. These suggestions would not have assumed the definite form that we are now able to assign to them had it not been that about the same time another line of investigation was opened which promises to be as fruitful as that of Pfeiffer. It was discovered that the toxic effects produced by alex blood disks (z. ¢., blood disks from an animal of a different spe- cies) when introduced into the living body correspond in many remarkable particulars with those of morbific bacteria. Burdet first demonstrated that the action of the hemolytic serum thus obtained depends on two constituents, both of intra- cellular origin, one of which was specific and designated by him substance sensibilisatrice, the other non-specific, the analogues of the two, anti-bacterial products mentioned just now. The former is called Zmundsene, a word which expresses better than any other the specific property of preparing the blood disk or bacterium, as the case may be, for the lytic action of the sec- ond constituent, called by Burdet the alexzve, and by Ehrlich the complement. ‘This is called lyszne. The value of this discovery of Burdet consisted in this, that 936 J. B. SANDERSON. it added clearness to the interpretation that had already been given of Pfeiffer’s reaction, showing that the power which blood disks and bacteria have in common of resisting the solvent (lytic) action of blood and tissues is annulled by the specific protective action called into existence by the penetration into the infected human or animal organism of alien blood disks or bacteria, as the case may be. Hzemolysis—the property of dissolving the colored blood corpuscles—is possessed by many bacterial products, and partic- ularly by the toxin of tetanus, and that it was discovered by Ehrlich some years ago that the hemolytic constituent of this toxin was different from the spastic, and that anti-lytic serum could be obtained by the ordinary process of immunization. We have two kinds of poisons concerned in the production of specific diseases or of morbid states. Toxins which act on particular cells, as on the colored blood disks, toxins which act on the whole body. PRECEPT AND PRACTICE.—A despatch from Berlin, dated Nov. 29, said: Distinguished members of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals have been invited to a horse meat dinner by the Fletcher Zertung, national organ of the Ger- man butchers, which says it desires to measure the sincerity of the Society in issuing its recent appeal to the public to eat more horse meat, so as to be merciful to animals unfit for work, which will be relieved of their sufferings if the consumption of horse meat is made more popular. ‘The Fletcher Zeitung has not yet received any acceptances to the invitation cards, which were sent out Saturday, and are for December 16. ‘The paper prom- ises to put up as good a horse meat feast as an accomplished cook can produce, but the only material must be an aged, rheu- matic beast, such as the Society desires to emancipate. No young colts will do. “EYES FIRST, then hands, tongues last and least,” is the well known advice often given to his pupils by the late Sir George Murray Humphrey, of Cambridge. ‘‘ What a man sees he can be more or less sure of; what he feels with his hands may be a matter of doubt in dealing with diseases; what he hears may be altogether erroneous and misleading.” ETIOLOGY OF SHOE-BOIL. 937 ETIOLOGY OF SHOE-BOIL. By GEORGE J. GOUBEAUD, D. V. S., BROOKLYN, N. Y. A Paper read before the 12th Annual Meeting of the New York State Veterinary Medi- cal Society, at Brooklyn, Sept. 9 and 10, 1902. About two years ago I read an original paper before the New York County Veterinary Medical Association, treating upon the etiology of shoe-boils, or, as it is more properly termed, ulnar fibroma. It was prepared after several years of study,. thought, investigation and experiment. Not being easily dis- couraged by adverse criticism, I have continued investigating up to the present time. It is with the earnest desire of, as it were, forcing the issue, that I lay this, to me, interesting subject before this Association, a society composed of the foremost thinkers and advanced vet- erinarians of the country. The evening I read the paper before the N. Y. C. V. M. A. I did not possess as much as one friend, or one who believed in my assertions. In the discussion that followed I was plied with more questions than ten quick think- ers and rapid talkers could answer. Every one opposed me, and I left that meeting more determined than ever that I was right, because no one advanced a common-sense argument, made a reasonable assertion, or presented a rational view to up- set my opinion. But since then I have received expressions of opinion which are in accordance with those which I hold. I lay this subject before the members of this Association to get an expression of opinion. First, I wish to know if I am right, and if so then I have added my mite in advancing the interests of veterinary science ; and if wrong, then I have simply been mistaken. I know that it is with no little difficulty some of us cast aside fixed ideas, cherished traditions, the teachings which we received, ideas formed and the impressions conveyed to us in our college days. It is with a certain amount of timidity that I present this paper, and I hope to have your indulgence. It is not the intention of the essayist to enter minutely into the pathology of this affec- 938 G. J. GOUBEAUD. tion, nor describe the various lesions which the injury can pro- duce (for such it primarily is), nor the complications which might arise. Neither its therapy, aside from prevention; the etiology alone will be considered. The text-books, veterinary authorities, professional and lay writers, and those with whom I have conversed, claim that the shoe or the hoof is the offending agent. The larger number claim that the shoe causes this affection. We will first take up the shoe as the first cause. The shoe causes shoe-boil, or it does not. ‘The animal is either improp- etly shod, the heels of the shoe are too long, or they. are pur- posely made long in order to correct some abnormal condition of the foot, or irregularity of the animal’s gait. The animal, while in the recumbent position, rests the elbow upon the heels of the shoe, thus injuring the skin and structure beneath, resulting in the characteristic tumor, or it drops heavily upon the ground whilst assuming the recumbent posi- tion. The heels of the shoe come in violent contact with the elbow, and in this manner the tumor is developed. Now, as a rational conclusion, a result can exist not pro- duced by a cause, or, how can a result take place which is pro- duced by a cause that does not exist, and has no existence, or, in other words, how can a shoe cause shoe-boil when the horse did not wear shoes at the time of the development of the tumor? I have seen colts that never had a shoe upon their feet have these tumors, and I have seen horses without shoes turned loose in a box stall, and horses turned loose without shoes in a pas- ture lot, develop ulnar tumors. Others have observed the same occurrences and still it seems to make no difference, shoe or no shoe, these animals develop the affection. I have seen horses wearing rubber pads have a swollen con- dition of the elbow present itself over night. In two instances the rubber pad was employed as a preventive measure, and still there were recurrences in both cases. I have seen horses wearing the half shoe develop tumor of the elbow. Now, how is it possible for the horse to develop these tumors caused ETIOLOGY OF SHOE BOIL. 939 by the shoe, when the horse does not and did not wear shoes at the time of the occurrence of this affection ? Some claim that the foot causes this abnormality, and I will attempt to disprove the correctness of this assertion, although it will be a much more difficult task. We will suppose that an animal does rest the elbow upon the foot ; which part of the hoof I do not think makes any differ- ence. We will suppose that a weight, say fifty pounds, rests upon the foot and the pressure of the same amount is placed upon the region of the elbow. Does it seem reasonable to sup- pose that an animal with a healthy brain will lie in that posi- tion? Does it seem reasonable to think that an animal will lie half an hour, or an hour, or perhaps longer, without causing ex- treme pain and discomfort ? Does it seem reasonable to think that an animal will so lie upon the skin of the elbow and the structures beneath, which are very sensitive, and that it will in- jure them so severely without changing its position, and that the necessarily painful and uncomfortable position will not be changed before any damage has been done? As to the foot, will an animal stand that amount of pressure upon the hoof and its sensitive structure? I say, No. Compress a horse’s foot to about a twenty-five pound pres- sure and I can assure you that he will rebel against any such treatment the moment the test is applied, and it will not be nec- essary to wait one-half hour for the result ; and, again, the usual result of pressure applied to sensitive parts is lowering of the vitality, destruction of the parts, pus formation and sloughs. I ask, how often does this happen? I can answer, very seldom. For purpose of a better understanding of the subject under consideration, it will be necessary for me to divide ulnar hygro- mas into two classes—the acute and chronic. ‘This will enable me to better explain the reason for their repeated occurrences, and their non-occurrence. By the acute hygroma, I mean that condition of the elbow when it is first seen. Here we find an animal with a tumor of the elbow ; it is hot, painful upon pressure, more or less cedema 940 G. J. GOUBEAUD. of the skin, the animal has more or less lameness. His condi- tion receives the proper treatment and in due time it disappears. There are no recurrences of the tumor. The severity of symp- toms and size of the tumor depending upon the intensity of the cause producing it. By the chronic form I mean when we have recurrences, or the cause producing this condition is not removed, and the re- sult is an organized tumor. It is removed by surgical pro- cedure, and still there are recurrences. I have seen cases that, in spite of treatment, developed into tumors even after so-called preventive measures were applied, and in order to describe why they developed it will be necessary for me to enter into a discussion upon pathology, which I have no intention of doing. For the time being we will turn our attention to the cow. Cows have these tumors, but they are rare, which fact can be explained by the difference in the anatomical structure of this region. I have seen but one case in a cow, and this individual animal had a well-developed hygroma of two years standing. A common condition of the elbow, which can be seen in cattle as well as in horses, is a thickened appearance of the skin upon the outside of the ulnar region, sometimes of a scabby appear- ance, or a large ulcerated wound will be found with the edges much thickened. ‘This condition in cattle is found in milch cows confined in narrow stalls. The animal, while lying in the recumbent position extends the foreleg on the side it lies. It inclines the body to one side, propped up by the side of the stall or partition. The animal in extending the foot will strike the floor of the stall sufficiently hard to injure the skin, but no further, and in time we have the appearance of this condition presenting itself which I have described above. The reason for the rarity of a well-defined tumor being found upon the elbows of cattle is that the sternum comes in contact with the floor, and the elbows cannot come in touch with the ground. ‘The only manner in which the affected part can become injured is while reclining sideways with the side braced up by the partition. And, again, horses and cattle do not ETIOLOGY OF SHOE-BOIL. 941 assume the standing position alike. I say that cows do not wear shoes, they cannot lie upon their feet, and still what causes this condition? ‘Take the dog, especially those of the large va- riety. This is a common ailment, yet they wear no shoes. They cannot lie upon their feet ; still what causes these tumors and their recurrence even after surgical removal ? Take thecamel. Its position while recumbent is unlike that of the cow and the horse, but while attempting to rise, is en- tirely different from that of the horse, and somewhat similar to. that of the cow. Elbows, knees, patellar region, os calcis and foot rest upon the ground, and in these parts there is a well-defined thickened condition of the skin, almost bordering upon the ap- pearance of atumor. I never saw a tumor in this animal, yet these animals wear no shoes, they cannot lie upon their feet. Now, what causes this thickened condition on the skin and the absence of a well-defined tumor ? The same can be said of the giraffe. The buffalo is similar to the cow, elk the same. The bear, fox, tiger and lion are like that of the dog. I sawa well-defined ulnar tumor in a lion, the property of a circus. These animals cannot lie upon their feet, they wear no shoes, and still what causes these growths ? Even man is not exempt from this affection. In this indi- vidual case, which I saw in a hospital, the tumor presented all the typical appearance of an ulnar fibroma caused in falling, by striking the elbow upon the ground. This man was an epileptic. I have read reports in the different medical journals in ref- erence to the tumors. The authorities agree that they are the result of an accident, such as falling, striking the elbow upon some solid body, etc. And, again, take the horse with the chronic shoe-boil, and admitting that the elbow and foot can come together, the foot can be dislodged most readily with one finger, which I have done numbers of times and in the presence of witnesses. Now, if there was any pressure it would require more than the strength of one finger to dislodge the foot. Again, some claim that the motion -of the animal’s body causes friction, thus producing this affection. 942 G. J. GOUBEAUD. When an animal assumes the recumbent position, it is with the object of resting its body, not to keepin motion; and secondary friction produces burning, chafing, scalding and removal of the hair and skin ; not one of these conditions can be found to exist. If an animal lies upon the right side, he appears to place the weight upon the elbow and feot. Now, examine the right side and you will find the side upon which most of the weight rests, and you will notice that the foot is either to the right or left of the elbow, and not resting one upon another, however much they may appear to be. And, again, take the vast majority of horses that do not possess this abnormality. They assume the recumbent position with the knees half flexed, the body in- clined to one side. It is the normal position and a natural condition, not usually conducive to produce this affection. Take for example, an animal resting in the recumbent position upon the right side. Note its position. The left knee is flexed, the foot and elbow are in almost direct contact, the elbow ap- parently resting upon the heel of. the foot. Now grasp the whole foot with the hand, and you will find that it is most readily and easily dislodged, showing that there is little or no weight placed one upon the other, and because this is the posi- tion which is the normal one for an animal to assume, we im- mediately accuse the shoe or the hoof as the offending agent, simply because we see the elbow and the foot in juxtaposition. We come to the conclusion that the hoof or shoe, or both, cause this abnormality. It is true that we sometimes find the hoof either to the right or left of the elbow, but this is not common in horses. We will consider the side on which most of the weight rests, as, for ex- ample, that of the right side, where we find the hoof in this case, the left can be readily seen, but the right is hidden from view by the animal’s sternum and pectoral region and also the bedding. Do we find the foot resting upon the elbow? I say, No. Here we find the foot in the axillary space, toe turned inward, with the elbow resting slightly upon the transverse sur- face of the fleshy portions of the heels. The weight upon the ETIOLOGY OF SHOE-BOIL. 943 parts is distributed in this manner: first to come in contact with the floor is sternum, anterior face of knee, anterior right lateral face of the shin-bone, phalanges, anterior left lateral face of the hoof. To dislodge the hoof upon this side and bring it forward or outward is a difficult task todo. It requires some strength. The cause of this is that the weight is not upon the hoof but upon the structures which I have just described. A raw surface is very rarely seen upon the internal face of a shoe-boil. It is only seen upon the centre in the upper portion or upon the outside of the tumor. The position which I have found animals assume, and which I firmly believe to be the cause of this affection, is that an ani- mal will, while attempting to assume standing position, and which he will necessarily have to do, is to extend the foot and © flex the knee, thus forming an arch with the foot and elbow resting upon the ground. While attempting to assume the standing position he strikes his elbow forcibly upon the floor or ground, thus producing various lesions. In the course of my investigations I have seen this occur twice, the animals evincing symptoms of acute pain and lameness the following morning. I also noticed that those which were predisposed to this af- fection were animals that assumed this position when recum- bent, and they slept with the head between the knees and the nose resting upon the floor. They usually rested with one side of the body close to the side of the stall. It will often occur when the animal becomes frightened and arises suddenly. It will then strike its elbow upon the floor in a forcible manner, thus injuring it. I know of one instance where this occurred. I removed a splinter of wood about the size of a match from the skin of the elbow region. ‘The animal was very lame for over a week, after which the lameness gradually passed away, and he made a good recovery with no recurrence. I have attempted in this short article to express my views as clearly as possible, and I hope in the discussion which follows that I will be able to defend the ideas which I now hold. 944 Ee, AURIGH: EQUISETUM POISONING. By FRANK A. RICH,‘) SPINAL RIGIDITY IN THE HORSE. 1105 thought a rosemary of farcy buds were observed in the skin of one flank, and a close scrutiny of the nose revealed a slight san- guineous discharge. A few days’ waiting gave a well-defined case of virulent glanders. C.—ACUTE SPINAL OSTEO-POROSIS. Osteo-porosis probably affects all bones of the skeleton simultaneously, but attacks with special virulence certain - groups of bones in one case, another group in another case. The patient was an imported two-year-old Clydesdale colt of extra size and form, in good flesh, with unimpaired appetite, was bright and presented in general the appearance of good health. He was, however, exceedingly stiff in his spine and his cervical vertebrze appeared to be enlarged. His locomotion in a straight line was fair though stiff, but he could not readily turn, and did so without bending his spine, pivoting on the fore or hind feet. He could neither raise nor lower the head, nor bend it to the right or left. When wishing to eat from the floor he would advance one fore foot as far as possible, and extend the other backward so that it rested between his hind feet. This expedient served to bring his nose to the floor at a point be- tween the two fore feet without bending the spine. Diagnosts.—Cervical articular rheumatism. Treatment.—Cautery punctures over cervical vertebrz, fol- lowed by blisters. Internally alkalies and salicine. Slow im- provement followed, and after about two months the patient was discharged. A few months later osteo-porosis became very apparent. D.—OSTEO-MYELITIS OF CERVICAL VERTEBRA. ARTHRITIS SICCA (ARTHRITIS DEFORMANS) OF SPINAL COLUMN. Patient a seventeen-year-old bay mare used for farm and road work and for breeding purposes. Presented at the college clinic October 15 with the following history: She had been idle most of the summer and had not appeared as vigorous as usual. About July 15 she aborted at the ninth month of preg- nancy, but was apparently none the worse for the accident. About September 15 she suddenly became very stiff in the spine, 1106 W. L. WILLIAMS. which continued practically without change up to date of pre- sentation. Her appetite and general body functions seemed little impaired, the most notable sign of systemic disturbance being progressive emaciation. In order to graze she resorted to the expedient of lying down, so great was the rigidity of the spine. Locomotion was so difficult that the patient was brought to the clinic in an ambulance. The condition at date of presentation was: marked emacia- tion, extreme stiffness of the entire body, locomotion difficult and painful; the head was held stiffly, with the nose poked out; the animal could walk backwards comparatively as easily as forward. ‘The entire spinal column seemed as stiff as if anchy- losed ; the head could not be raised nor lowered to any great exteut, nor could it be bent laterally in either direction. In turning she maintained the rigidity and accomplished the act by pivoting on the fore or hind feet. If her poll were pressed upon with the hand, instead of lowering her head to any mark- ed degree, she started backwards almost convulsively, and it ap- peared that if the pressure was continued she would fall as a re- sult of the pain induced by the downward pressure on the poll. The rigidity of the body was constant. The cervical vertebrze seemed enlarged. The respirations ranged during observations from 12 to 20 per minute, the pulse 48 to 60 per minute, the temperature 100.8 to 102.1° F. Diagnosts.—Unceertain. Tuberculosis suggested and tubercu- lin used without reaction. Rheumatism and dry arthritis also thought possible. Potassium iodide and sod. salycylate, 2 ss of each were given daily. JIodism was induced without benefitting the disease. The patient was destroyed on November 12. The autopsy revealed osteo-myelitis with extensive necrosis and suppuration of the body of the seventh cervical vertebra. The sixth cervical and first dorsal segments also suffered to a smaller degree, with general arthritis sicca or arthritis deform- ans of the spinal column. In three of the four cases cited, either no diagnosis or a SPINAL RIGIDITY IN THE HORSE. 1107 faulty one was given during the important stages of the affec- tion. The cases do not necessarily represent the entire category of diseases causing rigidity of the vertebral column, but merely serve to emphasize the difficulty of diagnosis. The foregoing establishes or suggests that spinal rigidity in the horse uncomplicated by disease or derangement of the cere- bro-spinal nerve axis may among other things be induced by : 1. Glanders. . Tuberculosis. . Osteo-porosis. Arthritis sicca (arthritis deformans, osteo-porosis). . Osteo-myelitis. . Rheumatism. Glanders of the spinal column may be generally diagnosed by concurrent symptoms, such as pulmonary or nasal glanders, or farcy or by the mallein or bacteriologic tests. In Case A the chronic cough with general unthriftiness should have aroused suspicion, though even then reliable diagnosis would have been difficult, as apparently definite visible glanders le- sions did not appear for three to five years after the origin of the disease, and the mallein test had not yet been discovered. Tuberculosis is so rare in horses that spinal tuberculosis may generally be excluded as highly improbable and the tuber- culin test may be applied. Osteo-porosis is generally confined to certain districts and may be safely excluded in instances of spinal rigidity arising in localities where the disease is unknown. The enlargement of the facial bones also usually occurs very early in the course of the malady. Lameness and enlargement of the articulations is frequent. Arthritis Sicca, arthritis deformans or osteo-porosis,* which Nun Ww bd * The repetition of the term ‘‘osteo-porosis’’ under two headings is regretted but seems inevitable. We have apparently two distinct affections, each equally entitled to the designation. One is characterized by a general porosity of bone with a special ten- dency to enlargement of the facial bones and has acquired the specific name cf osteo- porosis of solipeds. The other, including ordinary spavin, ringbone, navicular disease, vertebral arthritis, etc. presents well-marked osteo-porosis in the affected region, which is usually most 1108 W. L. WILLIAMS. is characterized generally when causing spinal rigidity by co- existing ringbone, spavin, navicular disease either singly or collectively along with other members of this non-traumatic group of lamenesses. It is not uncommon in these cases to find two spavins, four ringbones, double navicular disease with anchyloses and exos- toses of vertebree—lame in all four legs and stiff in the back. Generally chronic, it may be acute and the rigidity of the spine may occur without marked concurrent articular diseases of the extremities. Osteo-myelitis of the vertebree when affecting parts not open to exploration zztra vztam certainly offers great difficulties. In the case cited the heavy muscles of this part of the neck covered the diseased part sufficiently to prevent its attracting our no- tice. Possibly tenderness would have been revealed had pres- sure been applied, though this was not observed higher on the neck where the pressure test was applied. Eventually, the pa- tient surviving, the abscess would have pointed along side the scaleni muscles. An enumeration of the blood cells would in all probability have shown marked leucocytosis, but suppuration was not sus- pected and no test made. Even had a test shown leucocytosis and thereby indicated suppuration this might have existed in some internal organ not available for examination during life and have had no connec- tion whatever with the spinal rigidity. Rheumatism is a disease poorly defined and made to cover a wide range of conditions. How rare or frequent it may be in the horse it is difficult to determine. Certain it is that many painful affections of articulations, bones, muscles and other tis- sues are ascribed to rheumatism because of our inability or care- lessness in diagnosis. Personally each case which has been di- agnosed as rheumatism of a severe type has finally proven to be marked about the articulations where the articular cartilage breaks down into the cavities formed in the bone beneath it. It is not now known if the relation between the two af- fections is intimate or remote. SPINAL RIGIDITY IN THE HORSE. 1109 some other well-defined disease. In mild cases which have been diagnosed as rheumatism, the recovery of the animal has pre- vented the uncovering of any serious error in diagnosis. Some make what may be termed a “therapeutic” diagnosis of rheu- matism, in that it isan affection relievable by salicine, but other painful affections of the horse, notably osteo-porosis, seem to be quite favorably affected by this drug. Spinal rigidity as a symptom of disease may, as we have shown, merely serve to indicate that one of a more or less indef- inite number of diseases exists, none of which has any intimate relations to any other. Their diagnosis must rest, not upon any appreciable difference in character or intensity of the rigidity, but upon concurrent symptoms, which may give definite indi- cation as to the nature of the malady. Other avenues for dif- ferential diagnosis are slowly opening up to the veterinarian, and may eventually aid much in this as well as other intricate groups of affections. The enumeration of the blood corpuscles and comparison between the red and white cells gives great promise in the diagnosis of hidden suppuration. The analysis of urine and other excretions should reveal much which is now hidden to us. Physiological chemistry along yet other lines, may eventually aid us, and the X-rays also promise assistance. Ordinary clinic examination fails us; we need the aid of more searching tests. THE REVIEW APPRECIATED IN OREGON.—“ Certainly, Mr. Editors, you ought to be thanked for your untiring efforts in make ing the REVIEW what it now is—a paper so full of such things as we who are situated away off on the western slope need to know, and so full and complete report of the A. V. M. A. con- vention. How any veterinarian pretending to keep up with the times can afford to be without such good help as is found in the A. V.R. Icannot understand.”—(D. D. Keeler, V..S., Salem, Oregon.) RACING STATISTICS show that the thoroughbreds competed for purses and stakes aggregating more than $4,500,000 in the United States in 1902. New York tracks distributed about $1,800,000 among the winners. 1110 S. G. BURKHOLDER. A HISTORICAL ESSAY ON THE RELATION OF VETER- INARY MEDICINE TO THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. By S. G. BURKHOLDER, M. D., M. D. V., ROTHVILLE, PA. Read before the Meeting of the Schuylkill Valley Veterinary Association, Dec. 17, 1902, We do not possess a concise history of the remote origin of the practice of medicine or the healing art, but we have every reason to believe that Egypt is the country in which all the arts of civilized life, including medicine, were first cultivated with any degree of success. Moses in his writings alludes to the practice of medicine among the Jews, but as far as we can learn the privilege to prac- tice was confined to the priests, whose treatment consisted prin- cipally of promoting cleanliness and giving hygienic and spirit- ual advice. The early history of medicine in Egypt is very incomplete and rather legendary. We will have to turn to Greece for the first substantial pillar upon which to base the origin and founda- tion of the medical and veterinary sciences of to-day. History tells us that the Grecians were skilled in the arts and sciences eight or ten centuries before the Christian Era, and that they practiced medicine on both man and animals with marvellous results. Chiron of Thessaly, a descendant of the race, is recorded to have been the most skilled in the practice of the healing art, and paid equally as much attention to the equine as to the human race. 7Hsculapius, another Grecian, who later, according to the le- gends, became the god of the healing art, and is really the founder of the modern school of medicine, was educated by Chiron and followed his footsteps. Thus we see that the patron saint of our physicians of to-day had for his preceptor a practi- cal veterinarian as well as a practical physician. Asculapius became a great teacher and dissected animals for the instruction of his pupils in the medical art as he practiced it. By looking up the followers of AYsculapius we find that they VETERINARY MEDICINE AND THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. pmb et all practically followed his methods for several centuries. Among his predecessors a few gained some prominence, among them being Erictheus, Varro, Xenophon, Calumella, Homer, Democritus and others, until we finally come down to Hippocrates, who was the 17th or 18th in descent from A¥scula- pius. He was the most celebrated physician of antiquity, a. great writer, and is to-day referred to as the father of medicine. Thus far they all based their anatomical knowledge upon dissections of animals, and apparently gave just as much atten- - tion to the diseases of animals as to diseases of man. Calumella and Hippocrates wrote exhaustive treatises on the healing art as applied to animals. So you see Hippocrates might just as properly be designated father of veterinary medicine as father of medicine. Hippocrates was so immeasurably superior to his contemporaries that it seems to have acted as a check to further attempts at improvement for several centuries. No real progress was made, especially in anatomy, owing to the researches being confined to animals, until the time of Erasistratus, about 250 B. c., who was the first to dissect human bodies. Henceforth up to the beginning of the Christian Era no per- ceptible advancement is evident. During the first part of the Christian Era the dissection of human subjects was forbidden under heavy penalties. The medical profession was divided into four or five different sects, who were constantly disputing with one another, and no ma- terial progress was made. During the latter half of the second century of the Christian Era, Galen, a very celebrated physician and great writer, loomed into prominence. He was a great anatomist and in his studies he dissected apes as being the most like human subjects. For the next thousand years the advancement in the art of medicine was very slow. In fact Galen reigned supreme throughout the civilized world till within the last 300 years. No human subjects were openly used for dissection until the time of Frederick II., King of Sicily, about 1200 A.p. He L112 S. G. BURKHOLDER. passed a law prohibiting anyone from practicing surgery with- out having first acquired some knowledge of anatomy by dis- secting human bodies. His example was followed by others throughout the civilized nations. Thus it appears that up to the time of the Christian Era the art of healing was studied and practiced for the relief of the brute creation as well as of man, all being treated on the same principle by the same physicians. About 300 A. D. Vegetius, also a Greek disciple of Chiron, collected and revised all the works on the art of healing animals that had been published up to that time. We find no evidence that the practice of veterinary medicine existed as a distinct science previous to this time, but we do find that those versed in the art of healing who principally con- fined their efforts to the care and treatment of the horse held honored positions and recognized ranks in the Roman army sev- eral centuries before the beginning of the Christian Era. The horse was an indispensable factor in the art of warfare, and those who looked after the medical needs of this noble animal had conferred upon them the foremost titles and honors of the land. This appreciation of the services of the veterinarian was not confined to the Roman Empire, but later the French, the Normans and the English held them in high esteem and con- ferred upon them similar titles of honor. The early history of medicine seems to prove that the origi- val pioneers of the healing art and their followers treated all ailments of both man and beast with equal consideration and skill. The two distinct professions as they appear to-day orig- inated together, grew up together, were advanced and amplified by the same men and were one and inseparable for a period of at least 1000 years. After the dissection of human bodies by the physicians and their students received legal sanction, and various medical schools were established, the followers uf the medical practice confined themselves to the human family more and more completely, until finally the poor beast was appa- rently dropped from their consideration altogether, so far as VETERINARY MEDICINE AND THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. ills the investigation and treatment of their diseases was concerned. The practice of the healing art as applied to humanity be- came a distinct branch of science and grew gradually but slowly until the latter part of the 18th and beginning of the roth cen- tury. The roth century may be considered as the epoch of physio- logical research and clinical observation. We are getting ahead of our story. We left the animal cre- ation uncared for, from a medical point of view, in the early part of the Christian Era. ‘They were neglected by those best skilled in the art of ministering to their ailments and fell into the hands of an ariny of ignorant and superstitious rubbish. Henceforth for several hundred years might be termed the dark age of the veterinary science. But, thanks be to an omnip- otent providence, during the latter half of the 18th century, out of the oblivious sea of illiteracy and superstition, the veterinary profession has once more sprung, and with advancing steps has displayed energy, perseverance and skill, until to-day it is again working on a common plane with the medical profession. The position held by the veterinarian and the duty he should strive to perform should not redound simply to the economic advantages of the stock-owner, but his aim should be to annihi- late diseases from the lower animals, many of which are directly transmissible to man, thus preventing transmission of contagious and parasitic diseases and protecting human life. This is far more important than the treatment of disease. While the physician is the alleviator of disease, the veterina- rian is the preventor of its occurrence. He is the safeguard to public health. The responsible position held by the veterinarian is not appreciated by the laity, nor éven by many physicians, but the time is not far distant when his real value will be recognized and he will be an indispensable factor to every community and work in harmony with the physician in his efforts to relieve suffering and save human lives. The veterinary profession should be, and will be, represented in every town, city, county, Inlet S. G. BURKHOLDER. State and national board of health. The amount of physical suffering and death in man due to direct transmission from cor- responding diseases among our domestic animals is not yet uni- versally realized. Every medical school worthy of the name will in the near future include in its college curriculum a chair of comparative pathology and comparative medicine. Then, and not until then, will the exalted position of the veterinarian be generally recognized. Let us enumerate a few of the more important diseases com- mon to both animals and man, and thus bring out more strong- ly the relation the veterinarian bears to the medical profession. I. Anthrax, though not so common now as formerly, may be transmitted to man through an abraded surface of skin or mucous membrane. It gives rise to a local lesion at the seat of inoculation. It may form a papule, rapidly becoming a vesicle, form a scab and dry off in a few days. It may become pustular, surrounded by an inflammatory and indurated area, giving rise to very distressing symptoms, both local and constitutional, and lead to a large slough and the patient recover. Or the infection may become general and the patient succumb. Thanks to the advancement of the veterinary science the disease is kept under control, and will finally be annihilated by means of successive animal inoculations of an attenuated virus. II. Actinomycosis is another disease sometimes found in man. ‘This is usually transmitted directly or indirectly from diseased cattle. The discharge from the local abscess on the animal’s jaw may come in contact with an abraded surface or mucous membrane of man and give rise to the characteristic local lesion. Stablemen are often in the habit of chewing the end of a straw while in the pursuit of their duties, which, should it happen to be contaminated with the virus may be the means of inoculating the man. It is an undecided question whether or not the consumption of meat from animals afflicted with this disease has ever been the source of transmission. III. Glanders, a disease equally fatal to both the human and equine race, is at present rather rare in man. ‘This is due VETERINARY MEDICINE AND THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. 1115 to the fact that the veterinarian recognizes it in the horse in the early stages and the animal is properly isolated and destroyed, which prevents further infection. IV. Tuberculosis, the destroyer of thousands of human lives every year, is too well known to need any discussion in this article. Suffice it to say, the only way to lessen its career of de- struction is by a concerted and harmonious effort of both the ~ veterinary and medical professions. The disease is undoubtedly transmissible from animals to man (Professor Koch’s theory notwithstanding) and the only way to get it under control is to prevent as far as possible every source of infection. This is not an easy matter and will take many years to accomplish. Both professions will have to be thoroughly organized, for our enemy, the tubercle bacilli, are a stealthy aud treacherous foe. They do not attack us with the sound of the trumpet and roll of the drum, but swoop down upon us in darkness and in silence and suddenly appear in our midst when least expected. Owing to the latency of the dis- ease they provoke, and the absence of outward manifestations, they are a potent factor in the propagation of the infection and make a most formidable antagonist. The only way to subdue the enemy is to organize a powerful garrison of physicians thoroughly disciplined and strongly forti- fied to vigorously fight the enemy already in our midst, and pre- vent reénforcements from the bovine and other nations of the animal tribe by a dense line of vigilant veterinary pickets. Some of the parasites causing disease in animals require man as a host before they can complete their cycle of existence, and very unwelcome guests they prove to be. Among these parasitic enemies may be mentioned the Cys¢ecercus Bovis and Cysticercus Cellulosa, who, if they gain access to the alimentary canal of man unharmed, will develop into the Zenza Saginata and Zenza Solium respectively. These, while they do not cause the death of their host di- rectly, give rise toa great deal of discomfort and reduce his gen- eral strength and resisting powers so that he yields more readily EG S. G. BURKHOLDER. to unfavorable influences which if not relieved will shorten his life indirectly. Another parasite more destructive than either of the above two, occasionally finds man a very unwilling but submissive en- tertainer. This is the 7Z7zchina Spirals. We usually find them in the cystic form in the muscles of the pig, where they remain, and if their host is allowed to live long enough they finally die and undergo calcareous degeneration. If on the other hand the host is killed while the parasite is still alive and his carcass is consumed by man, they either succumb to the exces- sive heat the pork is subjected to before it is eaten, or if they escape that ordeal they gain their liberty in the alimentary tract of their second host or man. Here they develop, cohabit, pro- pagate and die, leaving a small army of young parasites, who at once begin to migrate to the muscular portion of the human body. This process of migrating causes the host an unendur- -able amount of agony, to which he often succumbs. | Here again we find our benefactor, the veterinarian, on picket duty, carefully guarding the approach of the parasitic enemy with fixed bayonets ready to stay the death-dealing foe, thus preserving the comfort if not saving the life of his fellow ian. The inspection of animals in the public stockyards and ab- attoirs by the Bureau of Animal Industry is instrumental, no doubt, in saving the lives of a number of people annually by preventing diseased meat from being consumed by the general public and prohibiting diseased animals from being allowed to mingle with healthy animals and man, thus spreading the dis- ease. The system is defective only in that it is not extensive enough, which is due principally to a lack of legislative sup- port. All animals whose carcasses are used for human food should pass a rigid ante-mortem and post-mortem inspection, and those which are kept for their milk, breeding and other purposes, should be thoroughly inspected by skilled veterinarians at stated periods, say every six months, and certificates of soundness should be issued for each animal thus inspected and a. VETERINARY MEDICINE AND THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. iL 1) ery passed as sound. In this way tuberculosis and kindred diseases could be finally blotted out among animals; and by strictly ob- serving the laws of hygiene it would be a comparative easy matter for the medical profession to exterminate some of these diseases from among the human family. Without the assist- ance and cooperation of the skilled veterinarian, backed by legislative support, these transmissible diseases can never be eradicated. It is only by the united efforts of the veterinary and medical professions that these results may be accomplished. The significance of the veterinarian’s position as a preventor of disease among man and animals and his intimate relation to the medical profession, will become more evident year by year until finally history will repeat itself and the two medical sciences so closely related will be merged into one, when all prospective practitioners will he educated in the same school of medicine, the veterinary science simply becoming a branch of general medicine. GREAT BRITAIN AND THE UNITED STATES are the only great nations which do not directly foster the horse breeding industry. The subsidizing of a few stallions, mostly thorough- breds, is all the real help the horse breeders of the United King- dom receive from their Government. American breeders re- ceive none whatever. A bill was introduced in Congress last year providing for an elaborate system of insuring the produc- tion of suitable cavalry horses, but many Representatives and others mistook it for a scheme to unload on the Government a lot of stallions having no market value, and it died young. BRouGuHT DoG Back To LIFE.—Cleveland, January 19.— A large number of the physicians of this city are inclined to consider the experiments carried on by Dr. George W. Crile, of this city, in the use of adrenalin as being successful. The oper- ation leading to the discovery of its power was performed on a dog by Dr. Crile, assisted by several other physicians. After an anzesthetic had been administered to a dog the suspension of respiration was effected by clamping the windpipe. After the dog was apparently dead for fifteen minutes a few drops of ad- renalin were administered and artificial respiration resorted to, which proved successful in restoring the dog to a comparatively conscious condition.—( Associated Press Dispatch.) 1118 A. H. BAKER. ACUTE PLEURISY IN HORSES. BM EROED Ay Ho BAKE Rw CHICAG Ons liar. Read before the Illinois State Veterinary Medical Association, at Chicago, Dec. 2. Inflammation of the pleural membrane is very common in this climate. Most of the cases are sporadic, but a few of them are specific, being the localization of the specific fever of influ- enza. Sporadic pleurisy occurs as the original lesion and is uncomplicated in a majority of cases, but in many others it is seen in connection with pneumonia or rheumatic fever, then it exists oftentimes concomitantly with pericarditis. When un- complicated it may take any degree of severity from a mild, circumscribed attack, being confined perhaps to a patch not more than two inches in diameter, to the involvement of the whole of the pleural surface. It may be right or left lateral or double. It may originate in either the costal or pulmonary pleura and extend to the other, but in most uncomplicated cases it probably arises in the costal, and the pulmonary becomes in- volved secondarily, but when occurring with pneumonia it prob- ably arises in the pulmonary from extension to it from the pa- renchymatous tissue. Etiology.—\n all probability there exists an inappreciable predisposing constitutional condition that directs the localization of the disturbance in the pleura, but the appreciable etiological conditions may be divided into idiopathic, traumatic, diathetic and infective, and many cases occur deuteropathically. The idiopathic cases arise usually from exposure to cold and dampness, especially when the temperature is suddenly lowered. In this connection it must be remembered that fatigue and ex- haustion from hard work act as a predisposing cause, for a fresh horse, in most cases, would withstand the same exposure with impunity. The traumatic cases are due to direct injuries to the pleura by foreign bodies puncturing the chest wall, broken ribs lacerate or chafe it, and septic infection aggravates it. The dia- thetic causes are those which produce it by the localization of a ACUTE PLEURISY IN HORSES. 1119 predisposing constitutional condition, such as rheumatic fever and old age. The infective cases are those caused by specific disease as influenza, irregular strangles. The deuteropathic cases include all of those that occur from extension of the in- flammation from adjacent or contiguous tissues to the pleura, such as pleuro-pneunionia, in which the pneumonia is the origi- nal lesion and the pleurisy is secondary by extension. Special Pathology.—We divide the course of the disease in- to four stages, viz.: First, congestion ; second, dry inflammation or friction stage; third, stage of effusion, which we will divide into two parts, and, fourth, the stage of absorption. In the first stage, the pleura becomes red in streaks or patches; these be- come confluent by extension in the course of an hour or two, when the pleurze show a diffused redness. This stage runs rap- idly into the second, when the pleurze become dry by suspension of function and the friction sound is heard by auscultation. This stage is also short, being only about six hours in length, when it runs into the first part of the third or exudative stage. At this time a plastic exudation occurs on the surface of the mem- brane, coagulates, and in some cases becomes adherent to its neighbor. In many cases the inflammation subsides at this time, the false membrane softens through fatty degeneration, liquifies and is absorbed ; but if not it runs into the second part; or stage of effusion, and large quantities of serum are poured out, more or less filling the pleural cavity, constituting what is known as hydrothorax. In cases that recover the fourth stage follows and absorption of the effusion takes place slowly. The third stage is indefinite in length according to the severity and extent of the inflammation, butin a fair average case it is about eight or ten days. In this stage suppuration may take place and pus is mixed with the serum, known as empyema. All fa- talities occur in this stage, either from asphyxia by the lungs being floated up to the back and interference with the action of the heart, or from general debility, prostration and collapse from the absorption of the pus of the empyema. The fourth stage is long and tedious, requiring from four to eight 1120 A. H. BAKER. weeks for absorption to take place to enable him to go to work. Symptoms.—lIt is often preceded by a rigor, and before it is fairly over sharp lancinating pains with ralling and sweating are manifested, resembling spasmodic colic, but if the pulse and temperature are taken they will be found to be accelerated with a tinge of hardness and elevated to 104 or 105° F., which will distinguish it from colic, in which there are no disturbances of the pulse and temperature. As it runs into the second stage, the patient gets quiet, persistently stands with elbows turned out, abdominal muscles drawn tightly, producing the pleuritic line from the elbow along the cartilages of the ribs to the point of the hip. The breathing is careful and shallow but not la- bored, but is very painful, in which a grunt is emitted with nearly every expiration, and the grunt is particularly prominent if he is forced to move, especially if he is turned round shortly. A grunt in acute disease is always indicative of pleurisy. By auscultation a distinct friction sound is heard, and percussion causes pain, especially if the fingers are pushed into the inter- costal spaces. The pulse runs about 60 and is small and hard; the temperature runs at about 105° F. ‘The appetite is lost and the excretions are diminished in quantity and altered in char- acter. ‘The third stage is marked by more or less hydrothorax, and dyspnoea in proportion to the amount of effusion. Ina fatal case the nostrils are dilated, the flanks heave, the back is roached with each inspiration, the expired air is cold, the mucous membranes become livid, emaciation has been rapid and debility great, he gets cold, sweats in patches more or less as death approaches. The diagnostic evidences of hydrothorax are dullness under percussion, absence of all sound by ausculta- tion below the water line, and an increased respiratory sound above it. If the hydrothorax exists a week or longer the lower part of the chest becomes cedematous, especially between the forelegs, and the temperature persists at about 104° F. Treatment.—lIf seen in the first or second stage, heroic treat- ment should be given, such as aconite, belladonna, spirits of nitrous ether, nitrate of potash and acetanilid in liberal doses ACUTE PLEURISY IN HORSES. 1121 and repeated often for 24 to 48 hours, and apply smart counter- irritations over the sides of the chest, and repeat every twelve hours. After two days drop out the aconite and add nux vom- ica. If it runs on to hydrothorax to a greater extent than one- third full of the chest, paracentesis thoracis is indicated. After the operation give iron and alcohol for two to four weeks and nourishing diet. If empyema develops as proven by the puru- - lent character of the discharge from the canula at the time of the operation, riuse out the chest with a one-fifth of one per cent. solution of permanganate of potash to flush out the pus, then rinse again with a one per cent. aqueous solution of tr. of iodine. OVARIOTOMY FOR KICKING.—Dr. Peters, of the Nebraska Experiment Station, is thus quoted: ‘I was amused at reading the cures given for mares that kick in the stall. A better rem- edy is castration. Very generally the nervous, irritable, kick- ing mare has a diseased ovary, which can be removed without difficulty, operating through the vagina. ‘The whole temper of the mare will be changed.” DECREASED LICENSES GRANTED TO NEW YORK PHYSICIANS. —The annual report of the New York State Board of Medical Examiners shows that the number of candidates for medical licenses reached its high water mark in 1898, when 869 appli- cants appeared. There has been a steady decrease since, only 685 applicants for license appearing in 1902. Since the estab- lishment of the board, 7,034 candidates for license have been examined, of whom 5,528 or 78.5 per cent. have been success- ful. PROSECUTING THE OWNER OF A DOCKED HorskE.—A coach- man in Denver has got into trouble with the authorities because possessed of a horse “with a docked tail, against the peace and dignity of the commonwealth, as per statute duly made and pro- vided to fit such cases. The coachman acquired the ownership of a horse that was not registered as minus a part of his dock at the time the law went into effect. He was arrested and fined as soon as he showed up on the street, driving the short-tailed but unregistered as such animal. The Denver Driving and Rid- ing Club has taken up the cudgels for him and has taken the case on appeal to a higher court.—( Breeder's Gazette.) 1122 REPORTS OF CASES. REPORTS OF CASES. ‘« Careful observation makes a skillful practitioner, but his skill dies with him. By re- cording his observations, he adds to the knowledge of his profession, and assists by his facts in building up the solid ‘edifice of pathological science.’ THE USE OF HEROIN IN PNEUMONIA. By GEORGE W. MEYER, D. V. S., New York City, N. Y. Heroin is one of the best of the new remedies in the treat- ment of affections of the respiratory apparatus. In medical journals for the past few years, we read that it is fast replacing morphine and codeine in the treatment of coughs and colds, as it does not produce a habit and very rarely causes unpleasant after effects ; in fact, in those cases where unsatisfactory results have followed its use, the dose has been too large. For the past few years the writer has watched its action, when given to horses suffering with pneumonia, and experimented with differ- ent size doses, and invariably found that to begin with small doses and gradually increase, the results were far more gratify- ing, although in several instances I found it did not agree with the stomachs of some patients. They would not return to feeding if heroin was given, but this characteristic I have not noticed since the introduction of heroin in the preparation of glyco-heroin (Smith) ; the combination of the stomachics added to it has overcome this disagreeable feature of the drug. Although, as in every other new remedy, idiosyncrasies will be encountered, in these the dose must be regulated, begin- ning with the minimum and increasing to maximum, if neces- sary. In acute pneumonia the harassing cough is speedily con- trolled and the animal’s comfort was increased by the stimula- tion of the respiration, the dyspnoea becoming much less marked, and as a sequence a fall of temperature can be looked for. Although it is zof a hypuotic, the fact that it does in every case relieve the distressing cough which causes pain, it ensures quiet and rest, thus giving the patient the same feeling as a refreshing sleep would to the human patient. But the chief use to which glyco-heroin (Smith) can be put is as a sedative for the cough, and to prevent the distressing and disagreeable stagnation of secretory products in the lungs. (No drug can compare with it in this particular.) I have noted cases that have come under my observation with painful REPORTS OF CASES, ips and almost constant cough, that were relieved considerably after the administration of two or three doses, so prompt was its action. What digitalis does for the heart, heroin does for the res- piration. A short clinical report of a few cases that I considered es- pecially serious on account of the combination of laryngitis and acute pneumonia, would probably be interesting. Owing to the difficulty of swallowing, no bolus could be given, therefore relying entirely upon liquid medication. Case No. 1.—Black gelding, six years old. Owner pur- chased him about two weeks previous, coming fresh from the West—therefore, not being acclimated, was an easy mark for a cold, especially while making trips across the draughty ferry- boats for past few days. It was about 5 P. M. when he was brought in; driver complained horse was going very slack and was making a noise, that he had not done before. Standing at a distance, one could hear the respiration, and was very sensitive on slight pressure to throat. Temperature 106°, pulse 72, res-~ piration 60. A diagnosis of laryngitis was made, and upon ex- amination of the lungs, found lower portion of both consoli- dated, complicating it with pneumonia. Counter-irritation was applied to throat. Glyco-heroin (Smith) =i, was given. After two hours time Ziss was given; after another interval of two hours 311 were given. At about eleven o’clock P. M., tempera- ture was taken, 104° F., the wheezing noise had stopped, res- piration slowed to 4o. Following day was put on glyco-heroin 31 every two hours; temperature was 102°, and there re- mained for the following four days; was eating two quarts of feed with a moderate supply of hay, three times a day. On the fifth day temperature 101°, pulse 48, respiration 22, with now and then a loose cough, which of course was looked for. Appe- tite was good, eating all that was given. The following five or six days the temperature ranged between 101° and 100°, with pulse and respiration normal. Case No. 2.—Brown gelding, had laryngitis, with a tempera- ture of 1052°. Was put on glyco-heroin ; began to improve day by day until after third day temperature was down to 1012°, owner thinking he was well enough to send to his branch stable, had him Jed down a distance of about two miles. Next morning was called in, as horse seemed very sick and would not eat. Temperature 105°, pulse 60, respiration 36, and la- bored. Percussion and auscultation of the chest showed a large 1124 REPORTS OF CASES. surface of left lung and small surface of right lung affected. Knowing the tenderness of throat this patient had, did not wish to irritate it by giving bolus, so placed him on glyco-heroin, 3i every three hours. Following day, temperature 104°, respira- tion and pulse considerably improved. Appetite returning, dose increased to 31 every two hours; when on fifth day tem- perature was 102°, respiration 20, pulse 48. This condition was held for the next two days, when upon examination we found temperature ror°, pulse 42, and respiration 18 ; dose again reduced to 71, t.i.d., temperature, pulse and respiration normal and good appetite. The patient was allowed the freedom of his box-stall until he would be strong enough to go in harness. Case No. 3.—Strawberry roan gelding, seven years old. Another case of laryngitis, complicated with pneumonia. Tem- perature 105°, pulse 66, respiration 40, no appetite whatever. Same course of treatinent was given, beginning with 31 glyco- heroin (Smith), every three hours. Following morning tem- perature 104°, pulse 54, respiration 30, appetite fair, dose in- creased to 21 every two hours, with the result of respiration 20, pulse 48, temperature 103?” ; no change in dose until just a week had passed, when all symptoms were nearly normal ; tempera- ture 1012°, appetite good, dose was reduced to 3it.1.d., for three more days, when the cough was very seldom heard, was looking bright and ate with a relish, was kept in until he would be strong enough to resume his labor. Thus I could continue with case No. 4, 5, 6, 7 and so on for more than a dozen; each would read the same; each case has had same termination. I have been using it on all cases of cough, both chronic and acute, and in pneumonia since last July, and in my hands it has acted like aspecific. It, therefore, would be excusable in me to write enthusiastically about glyco- heroin. What it has done for me, it ought to do for others, since no drug can vary in its expression; provided you get a perfectly reliable preparation. Select your cases well, use dis- cretion in your dose—I’m sure it will not disappoint you. TRIKRESOL IN THE TREATMENT OF PARTURIENT PARESIS. By S. BRENTON, V. S., Detroit, Michigan. About five years ago I commenced the use of trikresol as a general antiseptic, and the results have been so satisfactory that two years ago lI substituted it for iodide of potassium in the treatment of parturient paresis, and am so well pleased with its effects that I feel like reporting it, in hopes some of your read- Ditiice) aaa REPORTS OF CASES. 125 ers may give it a trial with like results. When called to a case I provide myself with a quart of sterilized water, some trikresol and glycerin, equal parts, a couple of ounces of fluid extract or powdered nux vomica, infusion apparatus (consisting of five feet of small hose, with a milking tube in one end, and a glass funnel, holding about four ounces, in the other end). Should the patient be found lying on her side, as is frequently the case, I first empty the udder as thoroughly as possible, disinfect the teats with a one per cent. solution of trikresol, and after mixing two drams of the trikresol and glycerin with the quart of steril- ized water, inject the quart in equal quantities in each teat with the milking tube, hose and funnel, as before described, placing the animal on her sternum and keeping her in that position with bales of hay, straw or whatever may be most convenient. I then empty the bladder and remove any placental membrane, should there be any remaining, and irrigate the uterus and va- gina with a one-half per cent. solution of trikresol, place two drams of the nux vomica on the tongue, and have the dose repeated every six hours until the animal regains its feet, and then have it given twice daily for two or three days. In fromm one to twenty-four hours, according to the severity of attack or length of time before treatment, the patients regain their feet, and in every case so treated thus far we have had complete re- covery, with no bad results following. One injection is all that is necessary in the majority of cases, hut it may be repeated in from six to eight hours in severe cases. Dr. Dunphy, ex-State Veterinarian, of Quincy, Mich., re- ports the same results, and Dr. Waldron, member Michigan State Veterinary Examining Board, of Tecumseh, Mich., has treated as many as five cases in one day, all recovering, and only one requiring the second injection. Dr. Judson Black, of Richmond, Mich., is also using the trikresol treatment and can recommend it. Trikresol is an antiseptic and disinfectant, containing the ortho—-, meta— and para—cresols in pure state. It is a clear watery-white fluid, having three times the disinfectant value of earbolic acid and only one-third of its toxic or caustic effects ; retains its bactericide power in the presence of albumins, so that its use is indicated in the milk glands. Trikresol can be secured by all veterinarians who cannot obtain it through their druggists from Schering & Glatz, 58 Maiden Lane, New York, who are sole agents for the product in the United States and Canada. 1126 REPORTS OF CASES. BARIUM CHLORIDE. By Drs. ANGLICKER and SCHUMACHER, Milwaukee, Wis. Professor A. Liautard, in the January number of the AMERI- CAN VETERINARY REVIEW, says some words in favor of barium chloride and its extensive use in Europe. He also admits that we hear very little about it in this country. While the Berlin school has made a record for the drug, none of the other schools recommend it, and its use is prohibited to the veterinarians of the German army, who are mostly graduates of the Berlin school. We will describe a few cases in which we administered bar- ium chloride intravenuusly, and give the results, which will ex- plain why we discarded its use: Case /.—Gray coacher, six years old: sick with flatulent colic, driven by the coachman for two hours to cure; subdued tympanites with enterotomy, aromatic spirits, oleum "Widmey- eril, and cold water clysters; finally, to evacuate bowels, gave 0.25 of barium chloride three times, with intervals of fifteen minutes. Animal showed great depression after third dose; pulse became imperceptible after being strong, and died with symptoms of rupture of stomach or intestine, but could find no such lesions on post-mortem. Case [/,—Bay horse, seven years old, sick three days with constipation colic. Had received compound cathartic ball, two litres of ol. lini, and 0.032 of arecolin, without effect. Tem- perature 38, pulse 40, some peristalsis. Gave 0.5 of barium chloride ; died within ten minutes, with symptoms of internal haemorrhage (anzemia of all visible membranes). Case [//.—Black horse, about fifteen years old, dissecting subject ; taken sick with colic; gave 0.32 of barium chloride, repeated in fifteen minutes, whereupon he had one evacuation ; gave another dose after twenty minutes; death apparently by asphyxia; heart beat perceptible five minutes after horse stop- ped breathing. Case [V.—Gray horse, apparently healthy, 9 years old; to be operated upon for dislocation of patella; decided to evacuate bowels, and gave Dr. Callender’s dose (0.65 of barium chloride) ; fifteen minutes later the horse reared, fell over and was dead without a struggle. ‘The symptoms displayed by this patient were identical with those of Case II. Now, will some other practitioners kindly publish their ex- perience with B. C.? were ae 7? ere. : ie 4 ; ate ee a ee ae ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ~ baat REPORTS OF CASES. 127 FOREIGN BODY IN BUCCAL CAVITY. By Drs. ANGLICKER and SCHUMACHER, Milwaukee, Wis. A peculiar case of stomatitis and anorexia in the horse was brought to our observation lately. The horse had refused food for several days and great amounts of very offensive smelling saliva were runuing out of the mouth. On manual exploration a piece of corncob was found wedged in between the fifth molars of the upper jaw so tightly that we had to resort to instruments ~ to dislodge it—and the horse was cured. HANOVER’S SKELETON.—The bones of this mighty son of Hindoo, perhaps, all things considered, the greatest thorough- bred this country ever saw, have been mounted and will soon be placed in the museum of the College of Agriculture in Lex- ington, Kentucky. AN OLD SUBSCRIBER.—Dr. Wm. H. Gribble, Washington C. H., Ohio, the model Secretary of the Ohio State Veterinary Medical Association, writes: ‘In ‘News and Items’ I see one gentleman has taken the Review for fifteen years. We can beat him, as we only lack February and March of having eigh- teen volumes, sixteen of which are well bound and occupy a most prominent place on our book shelves, and are used when in a quandary as a man uses an encyclopeedia.”’ THE ANTIQUITY OF CASTOR OIL IN MEDICINE.—This household remedy—matchless as a laxative under many cir- cumstances—seems not to have been overlooked in remote an- tiqnity. Victor Loret, of Lyons (Revue de Médecine, August, 1902; MWiinchener medicinische Wochenschrift, November 25th), reminds us that in the time of Herodotus, 500 years before the Christian era, the plant was industriously cultivated in Egypt, and that Strabo mentions the use of the oil by inunction as common among the lower classes of the Egyptians. INDUCED SUBCUTANEOUS EMPHYSEMA.—A new form of ‘doping’ animals for the show ring was tried and detected at the recent International Live Stock Exposition, in Chicago, says the Breeder's Gazette. An exhibitor of beef cattle had taken an air pump and forced air under the hide of some of his fat steers to fill out the hollows where the corn had failed to do its work. The officials detected the fraud from a cracking noise heard when they rubbed their hands over the parts that were pumped full of air. 1128 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. GERMAN REVIEW. By ADOLPH EICHHoRN, D. V. S., Bureau of Animal Industry, Albany, N. Y. OBSTRUCTION OF THE DucTUS CHOLEDOCHUS WITH BiLE STONES, IN A DOG—OPERATION AND RECOVERY [Prof Dr. C. Parascandolo|.—-After an anatomical description of the ductus choledochus, some clinical remarks on biliary calculi, and a brief review of the methods applied in removal of biliary cal- culi in human surgery, the author describes a case, where in a six-year-old hunting dog the diagnosis of obstruction of the ductus choledochus, with complete retention of bile, was estab- lished. Performance of the operation for the removal of the obstruction: After the usual preparation of the patient and an- zesthesia, the animal was placed on its back, a vertical incision was made through the muse. rect. abdom., which reached to the peritoneum. This was opened, the liver turned upward, and the gall-bladder to its cystic duct exposed. From the lat- ter, after opening the gall-bladder, three stones were easily re- moved with the aid of a forceps. The obstacle proved to be in the retro-duodenal portion of the duct, which was opened. It contained accumulations of different-sized stones and small con- crements. The same were removed with a spoon and forceps. After ascertaining the complete removal of the obstruction, by inserting a rubber sound, which was passed into the duodenum, a drain tube was introduced and the opening closed by sutures. The gall-bladder and the abdominal opening were also closed by sutures. The healing of the wound was normai. From the sixth day on, the icteric discoloration began to disappear, and rapid improvement in the general condition was noticeable. In four weeks complete recovery took place.—(Archiv. f. wiss. and Thierhevlk.) CORECTOPIA, DySCORIA, ALBINISMUS, AND NYSTAGMUS IN A Doc [Prof. W. C. Schimme:|.—One of the congenital abnor- malities of the iris, is the abnormal position of the pupil (corec- topia), which generally appears with the abnormal shape (dys- coria) of the same, in our domesticated animals. The author has seen the following case: In a few-months-old German bull dog, almost entirely white, having only a few small yellow spots, the color of the iris was white, with a pearly shine; near EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 1129 to the curiculus minor iridis, it showed a few pigmentations, and cloudiness. ‘The pupil proved to be in the middle of the lower portion of the iris, from which it contrasted greatly, by its dark color, was round, toothed, and contained fine fringes. The conjunctiva of the bulbus showed a chronic chemosis, which in all probability was congenital. Abnormal conjunce- tival secretion was not present. The eye-lids were kept nor- mally open, and the pupil reacted to light and atropin. The bulbus made a slight but quick oscillatoric movement (nystag- mus). Both eyes, which in size and tension were normal, showed the same defects. The vision was normal, and showed only a deviation when going up on an incline, knocking against different objects, and ‘threatened to fall. This occurred on ac- count of the lower eye-lids preventing the entrance of the rays into the pupil, which was placed in the lower segment of the iris. The examination with the ophthalmoscope revealed the absence of pigments in the choroidea (albinismus) and dimin- ished vascularity in the pupil. The sensibility of the retina appeared increased, through which possibility the nystagmus was produced.—(Oestv. Monatschr. f. Thirh.) EPILEPSY IN A HoRSE DUE TO BRAIN ABscEss [//. Schznd- ler|.—The patient, a gelding, six years of age, belonging to a cavalry regiment, manifested for some time impaired appetite, and due to this was in poor condition. On the 30th of October, in the afternoon, the horse dropped suddenly in its stall, being attacked with severe convulsions, accompanied with profuse perspiration, and trembling. ‘These symptonis lasted only for a short time, so that on tne appearance of the author, the horse seemed apparently well, partaking slowly of the evening food. On the 31st of October the patient refused the morning food, and during cleaning had a repeated attack as described above, but which appeared more severe, and of longer duration. Re- covering from the same, the horse showed passing paralytic symptoms of the hind part, being unable to rise without assist- ance. ‘The horse was then removed to the hospital, during which it manifested great weakness in the hind quarters, stag- gering to such an extent that it appeared necessary to support the animal. At the hospital the weakness disappeared, and the animal showed good appetite and thirst. Temperature 40°C., pulse 60 and irregular, respiration 16 and quiet, defecation and urination retarded. The general condition, however, was not dull, but the horse was very irritable, especially so by elevating its head. During the forenoon the horse had no other attack, 1130 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. and did not make the impression of a very sick patient. At three o’clock in the afternoon, efforts were made to administer some medicine, during which the horse had another severe attack of epileptic paroxysms, to which the animal succumbed. ‘This last attack, which was observed by the author, manifested itself, in first both right legs, they being drawn spasmodically to the body, and the head distorted to the right, after which the ani- mal dropped, and died inside of ten minutes, having severe cramps and convulsions. The autopsy revealed the following conditions : An abscess of the size of a hazel nut on the upper portion of the left hemisphere of the cerebrum with a number of small abscesses in the neighboring parts. ‘There was also pachymenengitis, with two cystic new formations of the size of beans. And after the removal of the brain, a deformity of the cranial cavity was observed, as the left lateral wall was consid- erably more concaved than the right one. Traces of any traumatic injury to the skull could not been detected.—(Oes¢r. Monatshr. f. Thetrheilk.) FILARIA IMMITIS IN THE HEART OF A DoG![Oreste Fan- tin|.—The author received for autopsy a dog with the follow- ing history: The animal showed the first symptoms of a disease in the early part of June. They were: dullness, impaired ap- petite, cough, thirst, paleness of the visible mucous membranes, with a few eruptions on the buccal mucous membrane ; also periodically a weakness of the hind part was noticeable. After some time, and under treatment with codein, the cough disap- peared, but the animal became constipated, and a diffused abdom- inal swelling made its appearance. The dog was very emaciated, showing great debility, so that it was unable to move. The autopsy revealed the following conditions: ascites, about ten liters of fluid, having the appearance of blood serum, was ac- cumulated in the abdominal cavity. Anzemic condition of all the organs, and an exceptional hypertrophy of the heart. On closer examination of this organ, the author found four worms, of about 30 cm. in length, wound around the tendonous threads of the tricuspid valve in such a manner that a function of the valve could not have taken place. The microscopic examina- tion proved that the worms were female specimens of the f/arza zmmitis.—( Oestr. Monat. f. Thierherlk.) For TREATMENT OF EczEMAS, Averbach praises highly naphtalan in the following prescription: RK. Naphtalani, 20.0; zinci oxydati, amyli tritici, @% 10.0; mentholi, 0.05,—-1.0. M.f pasta mollis. Menthol aids in relieving the itching. EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. tot MESOTAN, an external antirheumatic agent (Dr. Ruhe- mann.) Mesotan is a metyloxymetylester of salycilic acid. The following is the formula: Ik. Mesotan, 25.0; oleum olivae, 25.0; ol. lavandulz, gtt. v. To be applied three times a day. ENGLISH REVIEW. By Prof. A Liaurarp, M. D., V. M. PARASITIC EMBOLISM [ /. Connochie, M. R. C. V. S.|.—A five-months-old foal which has always done well since his birth, begins to droop. He is scarcely able to stand, very weak at rising and stiff behind when it moves; he has a bad counte- nance, abdomen is contracted, cedematous hind legs. His tem- perature is up, 105°; breathing hurried. Pulse is alarming, although perfectly steady, it is very quick and throbbing ; the artery is full and tense. On auscultation the heart is violent. Still there is some appetite left, the foal sucks his mother, but has to be assisted to stand up. External and internal stimu- lants are resorted to, and tincture of strophanthus with port wine administered twice a day. This treatment seems to help him, and the foal slowly but gradually improves in every way except in the pulse and heart’s action. One morning he was found dead, after a sickness of three weeks. At post-mortem the cecum was found discolored, inflamed and containing a large quantity of dark, red-stained pulpy ingesta. The mesen- teric glands were found enlarged, the mesenteric artery was thickened and surrounded with thick exudate of old standing. On cutting this and scraping it from the blood vessels, several Strongyli armatus were discovered. On examining the heart, it was found with a peculiar round shape, the apex not being in evidence, due to the presence of an enormous ante-mortem clot distending the right ventricle, and extending through the auricle and the pulmonary artery. All the valves were thick- ened. No parasites in the heart. All the other organs were healthy.—(Vez. Journal.) OPEN-AIR TREATMENT OF PNEUMONIA (/. Storie, MW. R. C. V. S.).—* Would it, perhaps, be advantageous in treating such cases to make sure that they had a full supply of pure air rath- er than too little?” Such are the last words of the author in his records of the cases he had to treat while acting as veteri- nary officer in camp at Dunbar. He had 300 horses under his care, which were kept'in quarters very much exposed and open, 1132 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. and in which everything but comfort, specially for sick horses, had to be provided. He had some box-stalls, but far from being what they ought to have been, and with all that acute cases of pneumonia broke out. He had one case, then another, and again two andsoon until at last he counted 10 cases ; all presented more or less the same condition: viz., very high temperature, in one 106°, high pulse, pain in the chest, cough, dullness on percus- sion, loss of respiratory murmur, ete, etc. The treatment consisted in hot water applications, renewed every two hours at first, then every four and stopped after that, fever medicine and liniment on the chest. On the fourth day the temperature was normal, the pulse also, crepitations were heard in the con- solidated lungs and recovery went on rapidly. The same treat- ment was carried out in all the cases, and all made similar rapid recoveries.—(Ved. Journal.) A CASE OF FiBRo-SarcoMaA [£. W. Hoare, F. R. C.V.S.]. —It was no trifling undertaking to attempt to remove this growth, which weighed not less than six pounds, and, while in appearance not enormous, was nevertheless found extending under the root of the tail, attached to the sacrum and firmly ad- herent to the rectum. Existing for a long period and situated between the ischial tuberosity and the root of the tail, it had increased, reached quite a large size, and pressed the anus to- wards the left side, partly occluding it from view. The tumor felt firm, was evidently deeply seated and had a base of consid- erable size. The animal properly secured and chloroformed, an incision was made around the base of the tumor, so as to allow sufficient healthy skin to cover the wound. Dissecting of the growth was then proceeded with, but profuse hemorrhage was very troublesome, and, notwithstanding a great deal of care, the rectuin, to which the tumozx was attached, was wounded and its walls opened. Finally, however, after a long and tedious dis- section, the base of the tumor being found to extend too far in- wards to remove it entirely, attempts were made tosever it with the ecraseur. Finding it impossible to do so, although two in- struments had broken in the attempts, the mass was removed with the scalpel. While sewing the walls of the rectuin, the animal suddenly collapsed, the heart and respiration ceasing simultaneously. Examination of the growth proved it to be of fibro-sarcomatous nature.—( Vet. Record.) AN Error IN Diacnosis [Z£. W. Hoare, F. R. C. V. S.).— “We make more mistakes from not looking than from not knowing,” is a saying of Sir Wim. Gull, that the author re- ttt nins- a EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. LL33 minds us of in relating this case, where he shows the necessity of making in every instance a complete examination of a pa- tient where the symptoms do not point to a definite affection. A large Irish terrier dog, about six years old, was brought to him for treatment with a history of obstinate intestinal obstruc- tion for two days. The symptoms were rather in accordance with the history, and treatment (calomel and rectal injections . with long canula) prescribed. These failed in their effects and in a few hours the dog died. At the post-mortem, the pelvic cavity was found filled with an enormously distended bladder containing dark colored urine. Rectal examination had not been inade at the time the dog was left for treatment, and as he made no efforts to urine, attention had not been directed tow- ardsa condition which might have been relieved.—( Vez. Record.) Dr. W. H. DALRYMPLE, of Baton Rouge, La., was in attend- ance upon the meeting of the National Live Stock Association at Kansas City in January, where he read a paper. From there he went to Lincoln, Neb., where he addressed the Improved Stockbreeders Association on the immunization of Northern cattle, finally speaking before the Agricultural Students’ Asso- ciation of the University of Nebraska on “ The Agricultural Possibilities of the South.” Great is the versatility of our Southern conxfrére. VOMITING IN A HORSE—RECOVERY [G. A. Morgan].— This is a rather common case, with the history of a horse which suffered with intestinal troubles for some forty-eight hours, and which, notwithstanding the fact that he presented symptoms of vomiting, did recover. During the illness, however, the animal presented symptoms rather interesting and which are com- mented upon by the author as follows: The animal had not been working for some time; it had, however, been turned out to grass daily. The mucous membrane of the eye and the meinbrana nictitans led the author to suspect rupture and inter- nal bleeding, which he thought was confirmed by the subse- quent vomiting. Still a change in the diagnosis had to be made because of the change in the coloration of the mucous membrane, the capillaries becoming very prominent and black in color. The animal’s subsequent recovery was a welcome although unexpected fale. Another thing must be mentioned, viz., that the hair of the mane and tail came out in handfuls, which, says Mr. G. A. M., he understands is a fairly accurate ante-mortem sign.—(Veterinary Record. 1134 BIBLIOGRAPHY. BIBLIOGRAPHY. CoMMON COLIcs OF THE Horse, By H. Caulton Reeks, F.R.C.V.S. 224 pages, with 8 illustrations. London: Bailliere, Tindall and Cox, In the midst of our interest in the important rdle that 1s being played by bacteriology in the practice of modern medi- cine, our attention is suddenly attracted, and our interest ear- nestly aroused, by the presentation of a subject which, while scientifically dealt with, certainly suggests by its title, indisput- ably, the practical side of veterinary medicine. No practitioner of veterinary medicine will dispute the assertion, that, no mat- ter how well a veterinarian may be fitted for every other branch of his calling, his ability to successfully or unsuccessfully cope with the conditions resulting from acute or subacute digestive derangements, may be translated into his success or non-success as a practitioner. This point being conceded, the. veterinary profession will welcome a little work devoted entirely to the elucidation of this subject. This work, coming as it does from the pen of a man whose scientific knowledge has matured through many years? application to practice, in a field offering peculiar opportunities for study in this direction, and who is a close observer and careful investigator, suggests to the practi- tioner its incalculable value. And, as one passes from chapter to chapter, the realization of the suggestion becomes more and more apparent. In Chapter I. the author treats of “ Colic” and its definition, and points to the inadequacy of the term, as ex- pressing the many and varied forms of abdominal pain which we are able to recognize. In this chapter, he also calls the reader’s attention to the fact that one day’s illness in the horse from “stoppage” is equal to practically a week’s suffering ina man from the same cause; which he fully explains in a later chapter, which, after digesting it, leaves no wonder in one’s mind that a few hours and frequently afew minutes are suffi- cient to rob one of a patient from this disorder. In Chapter II an exainple of close observation and original thought is forced upon us under the head of ‘‘ Surgical Anatomy of the Abdo- men.’ An illustration here depicts the abdomen divided into a superior and an inferior zone, and each zone divided into an_ anterior, middle and posterior region. These he has named from their anatomical relations, into : Upper zone—(1) Superior diaphragmatic, (2) superior lumbar, (3) superior pelvic. Lower Ee a a BIBLIOGRAPHY. 3S zone—(4) Inferior diaphragmatic, (5) inferior lumbar, (6) in- ferior pelvic. These landimarks suggest the relation of the vis- cera to the walls, and the character of the symptoms point to the special viscera involved ; all of which tends to make the practitioner observe more closely, diagnose more specifically, and consequently to prescribe more advantageously. After passing over the many pages of rich thought contained in this chapter, the reader arrives at Chapter III, which treats of | ‘‘ How to Examine the Patient,’ and contains much valuable practical information, which, if applied, makes a diagnosis posi- tive, and a prognosis reasonably certain. Chapter IV. deals with the “ Etiology” (general predisposing cates). This chapter causes the reader to think deeply, as he is brought to a realization of the physiological and anatomical predisposing causes of colic in the horse in the domestic state, and to marvel that colics are not even more frequent, and recovery from them less so. Etiology (general exciting causes) is dealt with in Chapter V, in which the matter of food, water, errors in the proper distribution of work, rest, watering and feeding, the in- fluence of the time of the day on the production of colic, with tables of data are thoroughly discussed, is very interesting and instructive. Chapter VI is devoted to “Gastric Impaction ” (gorged stomach, or stomach staggers; grass staggers), its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Chap- ter VII treats just as fully of ‘ Gastric Tympany ” (gastrictosis, or dilation of the stomach), giving formule in its treatment and reports of cases treated. The author’s line of treatment, following upon his careful analysis of the conditions responsible for the ill, is convincing of its correctness. Chapter VIII takes up “Rupture of the Stomach,” which 1s briefly and ably dealt with, when the author passes to ‘Subacute Obstruction of the Double Colon” (stoppage of the bowels), to which Chapter IX is devoted. This is an especially interesting chapter, bringing the practitioner face to face with conditions and symptoms which he is forced to cope with daily in his practice, and natur- ally making their discussion by an authority particularly fas- cinating. In this connection, the author introduces a treat- ment, based upon scientific reasoning, and borne out in prac- tice, that holds the reader’s interest, and convinces him of its correctness, more forcibly with each line and sentence ; making him feel that the little work is indispensable on account of that chapter alone. This chapter contains valuable formule in that portion of it devoted to “ Posology”’; following which is a re- 1136 BIBLIOGRAPHY. port of eighteen consecutive cases of ‘ Subacute Obstructive Intestinal Colic.” And in subsequent chapters the same care- ful consideration is given to ‘‘Subacute Obstruction of the Small Intestines,” “Intestinal Irrigation in Obstruction of the Colon” (special apparatus being recommended and described for its accomplishment). The ‘Surgical Treatment of Intes- tinal Obstruction ” is treated of in Chapter XIII, and, while its practical application may be somewhat difficult to imagine by the general practitioner, its description in this work is not a fancy picture ; but isa description of the operation as performed by Professor Macqueen, of the Royal Veterinary College, at no more remote date than 1895, which demonstrates that it is safely within the bounds of possibility, should a case ever pre- sent itself where it would be considered advisable; and cer- tainly this contribution makes the work complete. The author finishes the subject by a chapter on ‘Intestinal Tympany ” (flatulent colic), ‘‘ Tympanitis,” ‘‘ Enteritis,” “ Superpurgation,” ‘Treatment of Colics in Young Unbroken Animals,” and, fin- ally, an Appendix, which is really a chapter on ‘ Dietetics.” The whole comprising an indispensable addition to every veter- inarian’s library. ROBERT W. ELLIS. THE GOVERNOR OF MICHIGAN has recently appointed Dr. Chas. Waldron, of Tecumseh, a member of the State Board of Veterinary Examiners. This now makes the entire board members of the State Veterinary Medical Association. THE annual meeting of the Michigan State Veterinary Med- ical Association occurred at Lansing on Feb. 3 and 4, at which time an amendment was proposed to the present law, in an at- tempt to fully protect the qualified veterinary practitioner. A MICHIGAN veterinary has contracted to relieve Country Jay, 2:10 %, trotting, of the effects of a bone spavin from which he has been lame for some time. Gus Macey, who has the gelding in charge, has deposited the money in the bank to be turned over when the cure is complete.— (Breeder's Gazette.) Man’s FAITHFUL FRIEND.—Through the efforts of a black- and-tan dog Lazarus Berger and his two-year-old grandchild, Bertha Vendig, were saved yesterday from being suffocated by gas in their home, at No. 19 Thatford Avenue, Brooklyn. One of the neighbors yesterday morning heard the dog barking as if trying to summon help. The door was broken in and the old man and the baby, unconscious from gas, were carried out.— CN, Jo dienald, Bea. Ls.) bd ho ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. HES ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. The REVIEW will, beginning with this number, maintain a department bearing the above caption, dedicated wholly to the interests of the veterinary service in the United States Army. The suggestion to establish this department is contained in the subjoined letter from Dr. Olof Schwarzkopf, of the 3d Cavalry, ~ and we are convinced of its wisdom, and believe that it can be made one of great profit and interest to those most concerned. A reasonable number of pages will be at their disposal each mouth, and we cordially invite communications, items of news, and all matters tending to uplift and benefit the service. ForT ASSINABOINE, MONTANA, February 13, 1903. Editors American Veterinary Review - DEAR SIRS :—Events in the Army, particularly the appear- ance of reports of army officers on ‘“‘Glanders and Surra in the Philippine Islands,’ compel me to break my silence, and I hope will arouse the army veterinarians to action. While it can be ackuowledged with satisfaction and thanks to those who are rul- ing over us that we are constantly improving, little by little, as regards our personal status in the Army, yetit must also be con- fessed that what we really should strive for—the efficiency of our professional work within the Army—remains more or less in a helpless, rudimentary shape. It is certainly becoming manifest, even to those who could not see it before, that we are unable to fulfil large and important parts of our professional mission in the Army from the new demands created by the foreign service, particularly so in suppressing the epidemics rampant among our Army horses there. One result is, that the subject is taken up for consideration by military officers, non-professional, non-ex- pert men, whose tortures to pathology may not become apparent to their superior officers, but which are painful reading to us. If they would confine themselves to the consideration of the sub- ject from a purely military standpoint, we all might learn from them. But they overstep the boundary set by common sense and draw the old, erroneous conclusion that army officers should learn more of veterinary science in order to cope with these dis- eases, and they tell us in the same breath that we (the veterina- rians) are uneducated men, good enough, perhaps, for ordinary veterinary work, but not capable of dealing with the serious 1138 ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. problems of combating such diseases. No one of us can exempt himself from this charge, for the assertion is sweeping. In the face of the facts as told by others than ourselves, we may acknowledge failure, but we have to come together to rescue our reputation. Let us show that the failure is not that of the individual, but that it springs from a faulty system, or rather from an entire lack of any system. Let us also come to know what we need and want to be efficient. Some army vet- erinarians have suggested that we form an association ; but, as we are scattered to the four winds, we could never meet ina body, and if only a few of us might meet, the rest might either remain indifferent or pull some other way, as was recently shown in so small a matter as the proposed change in the collar-device in our uniform. That all in the Army might have a chance to say what they want to say, and an incentive to really say so without fear or half-heartedness, [ask you, Mr. Editor, to extend your hospital- ity and sympathy to the Army veterinary cause, as you have done for so many years past, and allow us every month a few pages under the heading : Army VETERINARY DEPARTMENT, wherein all of us could, and by duty should advance opinions and make suggestions. The question before us is not one of dollars and cents in raising our salary; it is not the question of shoulder-straps ; in fact no question of personal aggrandize- ° Mena. Ltrs purely a question the solution of which we owe to our profession, to the Army and to our country. I suggest that we prepare a memorial to be presented, in due time, to the Secretary of War or to the general-staff, setting forth the causes of the failure alluded to and its remedy. ‘This is simple. It lies in the creation of an organic body that will per- form its function, an organized veterinary service that will do its work. It cannot be a full-fledged veterinary corps, which has been shown to be so distasteful to the Army, but it ought to be a body whose members have a live connection, a body which has a head and guiding mind. As it is, we are a dismembered body without a soul. However different the opinions may be among the army veterinarians of what we need and want, let us hear from all, old and new in the service. For we need different opinions and suggestions to come to some honorable compromise among our- selves, to some plan of action as nearly satisfactory to everybody as possible. If we have agreed on some tangible proposition, EE RE a a a ee | eye i F ane) eS emda uals iia. Wt ey sz ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 1139 some conservative measure that promises results, then the ulti- mate success cannot be far off, and the Army will reap its bene- fits. OLOF SCHWARZKOPF, ja U.S. Cavalry. ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT NOTES. New, Collar Device for Vetertnarians.—Henry V. Allien & Co., 734 Broadway, New York City, is manufacturing the new | collar device in accordance with instructions from the War De- partment. The prices are: (1) Gilt crossed sabres, with s¢e7- ling silver veterinary device, per pair, $2.25; (2) gilt crossed cannons with same device, $2.50; (3) devices, alone, separate, ¢1.00; (4) bronzed will be the same price as above.—(0O. 5S.) New Appointments in the Army.—On February 5, 1903, seven new veterinarians were appointed for the Army, four for the Cavalry and three for the Artillery. In spite of repeated examinations, there still remain fourteen vacancies. ‘The re- sult of the examination of the great majority of applicants is said to be very poor, and their personality undesirable for the military service. List of Veterinarians tn the Army.—We have in hana a carefully-prepared list of all the members of the Army veterin- ary service, with their assignments and. addresses, but owing to the crowded condition of our pages it is held over until the April number. “T CERTAINLY could not get along without the REVIEW, and I never fail to find within its covers something of good practical value."—(Chester L. Blakely, M. D. V., Augusta, Matne.) THE CONNECTICUT V. M. AssocIATION elected four new members at its meeting last month, and voted to hold clinics at the next meeting. Its report elsewhere shows evidence of har- monious progress. THE Christmas examinations of the Ontario Veterinary Col- lege, Toronto, Canada, were held Dec. 23d, and diplomas were granted to the following :—William G. Chrisman, Harrisburg, Va.; Peter Crerar, Russell, Man.; Fred J. Delaine, Emerson, Man.; Edward L. Fryer, Jr., Blakely, Georgia; Richard L. Kramlich, Fogelsville, Pa.; E. J. Murphy, Metcalfe, Ont.; H. Wynn Nobles, Hastings, Mich.; Matthew S. Suttle, Paterson, New Jersey; William Thompson, Minnedosa, Man.; John E. Wurm Ubley, Mich. 1140 OBITUARY. OBITUARY. PROFESSOR F. FRIEDBERGER. On Dec. 17, 1902, one of the greatest teachers of veterinary science passed away. Prof. Dr. F. Friedberger was born in Munich in 1839, and graduated from the Bavarian Veterinary School in 1860. His literary and scientific achievements are known all over the civilized world, probably to American vet- erinarians chiefly through his excellent treatise on ‘‘ The Path- ology and Therapeutics of the Domestic Animals,” which he collaborated with Prof. Frohner, of Berlin. He was decorated and honored on many occasions, but, in spite of this, he ever re- mained the quiet scientist, self-sacrificing teacher and dear friend to all colleagues. Through great suffering from trigeminal neu- ralgia, he was forced to give up active life in 1892, and was not relieved from his torturous sufferings until released by death, which came finally after a stroke of paralysis. OLIVER H. Tims, D. V. S., of New York City, died Jan. 6, from blood-poisoning induced from a very simple and trivial ac- cident. He carried in his upper vest pocket a pair of curved scissors, with the points turned upwards. Withdrawing his hand rapidly from his face he caught his thumb between the open jaws of the scissors, which caused a wound. Paying but little attention to the injury it soon began to take on a septic condi- tion, which terminated in his death in about ten days. He wasa graduate of the American Veterinary College, class of 1887. THE following changes have recently taken place in the Bureau of Animal Industry force at Kansas City: Drs. W. F. Jones and H. B. Chaney have been transferred to Denver, Colo. Dr. W. A. Hurst, of Ames, Ia., and Dr. W. Ll. Hiatt, of Wien ita, Kans., have recently been appointed assistant inspectors. Dr. C. H. Jewell resigned February Ist, to accept an appoint- ment in the 13th U. S. Cavalry. The doctor passed the mili- tary veterinary examination in December with a high grade, and his appointment is as a first-class veterinarian. The 13th Cav- alry is scheduled to go to the Philippine Islands in the near future. Dr. W. J. Fretz has been transferred to the quarantine service, and is stationed at Rushville, Neb., in the special work of eradicating maladie du cott. GLANDERS IN THE PHILIPPINES. eo DISEASE RESEMBLING GLANDERS IN THE PHIL- IPPINES. (From the Manila Times, Nov 3, 1902.) Government experts in charge of the biological departinent of the Bureau of Government Laboratories have made the startling discovery that more than 50. per cent. of cases in live- stock which have been treated as glanders, are not glanders at all, although the disease clinically resembles that ravaging in- fection. As a result of a long and thorough clinical and bio- logical investigation of this strange malady, Dr. Paul C. Freer, superintendent of government laboratories, has transmitted to the Hon. Dean C. Worcester, Secretary of the Interior, a pre- liminary report of the appearance in the Philippines of this dis- ease by Dr. Richard P. Strong, director of the biological lab- oratory. Attention was first called to this malady by Dr. J. G. Slee, Veterinarian of the Philippine Board of Health, who sought aid from the laboratory in the diagnosis of the disease with which a number of horses were afflicted, and requested an ex- amination of these animals for glanders. That this malady sometimes closely resembles the cutaneous form of glanders may be evidenced from the fact that in the first case encountered a diagnosis of farcy had already been made by three veterinarians. Upon a microscopic study of material removed from the pseudo-farcinous buds, however, it has been possible to show that the disease is of an entirely dif- ferent origin from glanders. The malady under consideration, it seems, is not due to bacterial infection at all, but to a para- site of an entirely different group. Clinical Manifestations. The disease starts as a small nodule situated in the cutis and frequently in the neighborhood of some slight abrasion. The primary node usually appears upon one of the extremities or in the cervical or abdominal region, but may be situated on the shoulders or chest.. Frequently the adjacent lym- phatics become swollen and arranged in a row, presenting somewhat the appearance of beads. The hair is preserved over the younger tumors, which at first are hard, but usually soften later and form larger abscesses. If left to themselves, they generally finally open and leave ui- cers with margins which are usually irregular. When the ab- 1142 GLANDERS IN THE PHILIPPINES. scesses are incised in their early stages they are found to contain a bloody, purulent, tenacious material. The contents of the older tumors are yellowish white, gelatinous, and very tenacious. When the cervical region is affected, the submaxillary glands are not uncommonly swollen, and the lymphatic glands near the other parts involved are usually enlarged, soft and freely move- able. T‘he disease extends gradually,-and in neglected cases may spread over almost any part of the body, and even invade the nasal mucosa. A mucous discharge from the nose then ap- pears, and the picture now more closely resembles glanders. We, however, have not yet seen the primary nodule situated in the nares. In the cases observed there seems to be no tendency for the process to invade the scrotum, testicles, or penis. In- deed, though there have been nodes very near these organs, there has so far been no involvement of them. In tlie fairly severe cases there may be some general disturbances, such as slight fever aud loss of appetite. In the severe ones anzemia and cachexia appear in addition. The mild cases may run an almost afebrile course. While glandular metastases occur, metastases in the internal organs have not as yet been observed. Occasionally sinuses form in the subcutaneous and deeper muscular tissues. The disease runs a chronic course and may last for months, but the prognosis is usually favorable, and a very large majority of the animals eventually recover. Cattle are sometimes affected with this malady, but it is not so common in these animals as in horses. Differential Diagnosts. The disease briefly reviewed above is not to be confused with that termed “ bursattee ”’ in India, or with that known as “ far- cin du boeuf,” an affection of cattle which exists in the West Indian Islands, especially Guadeloupe. It is, however, prob- ably very closely related to the variety of lymphangitis epi- zootica, studied particularly by Fermi and Aruch, and toa similar infection described by Tokishige in Japan. The diagnosis can usually be suspected and in many cases made in the following manner: A small amount of material from a freshly opened nodule should be transferred, preferably by an oese, to a glass slide and covered with a cover glass which is gently pressed down. Onexamination with a moderatly high power (Zeiss DD, Oc 4) numerous glistening ovoid bodies with a double contour as described above may be seen in the field of vision. The diagnosis should be confirmed by cultures. teal ae! \ CORRESPONDENCE. 1143 Treatment. On the appearance of the first node the hair should be shaved for a considerable distance around it, the nodule opened early, curetted, cauterized, and thoroughly cleansed with some antiseptic solution, such as benzoy-acetyl perox- ide, bichloride of mercury, or creolin. Applications of formalin have also given good results. A I—1,000 solution of benzoyl acetyl peroxide should be injected subcutaneously com- » pletely around the early tumor with the hope of limiting the extent of the disease. As each new node appears, it may be treated in like manner. The skin in the neighborhood of the tumors should be kept perfectly clean. It is advisable to thor- oughly irrigate the open ulcers at least twice a day. In the in- terval some ointment, iodoform or sulphur, should be applied. Veterinarians and owners of horses are advised before de- stroying animals suffering from supposed farcy to have micro- scopical examinations made from the nodules of the infected animals at the Government Biological Laboratory. It seems probable that a number of horses suffering with this disease have already been destroyed. As has been stated above, a large majority of the cases eventually recover, although the disease may persist for months. ae CORRESPONDENCE. HA/MORRHAGIC SEPTICA MIA ON THE PACIFIC COAST. SALEM, OREGON, Dec. 31, 1902. Editors American Veterinary Review : DEAR SIRS :—I believe we have had a few cases in the Willa- mette Valley of hzemorrhagic septicaemia ; at least I am led to be- lieve this the case, though I did not have opportunity to hold a post-mortem on them, but I am watching for a chance to do so if any more die having symptoms like these, and having synip- toms resembling those given by M. H. Reynolds, M. D., V. M. Very respectfully, D. D. KEELER. EFFORTS are being made to secure enactment of legislation regulating veterinary practice in Nebraska and Missouri. Dr. W. L. BAKER, of Buffalo, N. Y., ex-President of the State V. M. Society, was in New York City the early part of _ February undergoing the anti-rabic treatment of the Board of Health on account of the bite of a dog supposed to be rabid. 1144 REGISTERED VETERINARIANS. REGISTERED VETERINARIANS OF MICHIGAN. The following is a list of the registered practitioners of Michigan on record January I, 1903. Ackerson, J. W., Manchester. Attridge, F. H., Harbor Beach. Armstrong, W. N., Concord. Armstrong, Robt., Detroit. Austin, Edmund, Romeo. Augustin, M. A., Chesaning. Adams, C. H., Carson City. Adams, W. E., Carson City. Buckingham, J. I., Ludington. Brock, G. C., Smith Creek. Brenburg, T. A., Niles. Burdick, W. M., Chesaning. Buckingham, T. H., Stock- bridge. Byers, Wm. J., Charlotte. Black, Judson, Richmond. Brach, Max W., Detroit. Blatchford, F. M. Brighton. Brown, Eugene, Lawrence. Brodie, J. W., Pontiac. Bellinger, H. L., Plainwell. Brenton, S., Detroit. Baldwin, B. F., Rockford. Conkey, L. L., Grand Rapids. Coleman, R. S., Sparta. Culp, J. J., Ionia. ‘Cornell, Aaron, Elkton. Crevier, E. C., Detroit: Curtis, D. W., Cadillac. Carter, Geo. H., Saginaw. Cornell, J. H., Vassar. Clement, H. H., Hudson. Cregan, H. T., Decatur. Compton, A. L., Morrice. Cummings, D., Port Huron. Campbell, Andrew, Jackson. Clark, C. H., Caledonia. Cox, Wm., Mayville. Cunninghton, J. H., Durand. Deadman, A. W., Ishpeming. Deadman, J. F., Sault Ste. Marie. Douglas, J. A., Fairgrove. De Woif, D. S., Hart. Du Bois, West Branch. Drury, Jas., Ypsilanti. Duff, TGs St. ows Deadman, B. B., Alpena. Duncan, Francis, Ithaca. Dell, J. A., Ann Arbor. Deadman, Austin, Fenton. Dodge, J. M., Elmwood. Dunphy, G. W., Coldwater. Dean, A., Marshall. Ellis, F. H., Worden. Elgas, A., Hartford. Elzinger, M. E., Grand Rapids. Elliott, Wm., Hickory Corners. Fichett, Geo., Pinnebog. Gohn, H. M., St. Johus. Grant, J. S., Portland. Gebhardt, O. H., Cheboygan. Grainger, M. R., Plymouth. Goulding, F. L., Mt. Clemens. Gilbank, F. G., Detroit. Giffin, W. A., Detroit. Grinnell, L. A., Grand Ledge. Haynes, Wilford, Jackson. Harrison, KR: bad sAcce: Hooker, John, New Baltimore. Hunt, R.E., Alma. Hare, Geo., Allegan. Hovey, F. O. N., Marshall. Hickox, H. L., Grand Rapids. Heseltine, P., Flint. Haynes, Henry, Jackson. Hessey, C. #7 Glenn. Hisey, Dan, Saginaw. REGISTERED VETERINARIANS. Hamilton. Wm. S., Chelsea. Hughson, Wm. J, Battle Creek. Harrison, Jas., Maple Rapids. Hawkins, J., Detroit. Irwin, Samuel, Battle Creek. Immel, A. A., Powers. Jones, C. L., Monroe. Johnson, B. O.,Benton Harbor. Johnson, Wim. J., Paw Paw. ey]: 4}, Detroit. Jopling, Wm., Owosso. Kreiger, E. Z., Benton Harbor. Kelin, Geo. W., Detroit. Lathrop, W. E., Lyons. Law, Francis, Detroit. Lane, Theodore, Iosco. Morris, W. M., Cass City. Manning, C. L., Middleville. McQueen, E. D., Lowell. McKerracher, J., Bay City. McQueen, Walace, Oxford. Muir, Robt., Grand Rapids. Menhewit, F. W., Ishpeming. Mann, W. A., Clio. McCall, A. E., Memphis. Mizer, S. M., Leslie. Moody, Geo. C., Mason. McDonald, R. W., Flint. McBeth, A. E., Battle Creek. McLean, W. A., Grand Rapids. Munger, W. W., Galesburg. Moody, A. H., Three Rivers. Newman, L. M., Boyne City. Nye, Chas., Cooperville. Nelson, M., Manistee. Newbury, M. P., Hanover. Nichols, A. Z., Pittsford. Olley, F. W., Union City. ° Pear, J. H., Saugatuck. Pomroy, T. P., Freeport. Patterson, E. E., Detroit. Powers, W. M., Benzonia. 1145 Paul, B. E., Dowagiac. Perkins, L. N., Addison. Palmer, H. F., Detroit. Rathbone, C. D., Sherwood. Russell, John, Elsie. Rollis, R. C., Lake Odessa. Rose, D. W., Muskegon. Rischel, E. I., Sturgis. Rooks, W. J., E. Holland. Rose, Wm., Grand Rapids. Rennick, G., Petoskey L. Small, Fred. L., Beulah. Steveson, G. H., Bay City. scott, A. J., Traverse City. Springer, U. S., Grand Rapids. Seibert, W. D.. Petoskey. Smith, A. H., Evart. Saigeon, E. M., Williamston. Simith; H.°S;, Albion: Steel, Frank N., Detroit. Stowe, C. W., Saginaw E. S. Shevalier, E. D., Escanaba. Schiepper, F. G., Sebawing. Scott, John A., Coldwater. Seller, D. E.,. Manistique. Smith, C. N., Otsego. Sutherland, D. G., Saginaw W. Sutherland, Geo. H., Merrill. Spiers, H. J., Jackson. stevens, J. B., Yale: Thorburn, W. W., Lansing. Thomson, W. N., Pontiac. Van Blankensteyn, C. F., Ad- dison. Vhay, John, Detroit. Van Sickle, S. W., Saginaw. Von Rosenburg, Lansing. Wiley, H. H., Sanilac Center. Wells, E. W., Grand Rapids. Walkington, J. J., Mt. Pleasant Woolley, P. L., Lapeer. Walsh, E. J., Imlay City. Waddle, Geo., Hastings. 1146 SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. Waldo, D. M., Grand Ledge. Warner, A. B., Portsmouth. Weill, J. W., Flushing. Ward, J: ., Penry: Whitney, W. A., Big Rapids. Whitney, J. C., Hillsdale. Waterman,G. A., Agrl.College. Wilkinson, W. H., S. Lake Wahn, H. C., Clairview. Linden. Wells, F. C., Warren. Winegar, Amos, Howell. Ward, James, Detroit. Waldron, C. A., Tecumseh. Wootton, W.C., Grand Rapids. Yonkerman, D. P., Kalamazoo. GREATER POWER TO THE SECRETARY OF AGRI- CULTURE. The following is the full text of the new law passed by Con- gress and signed by the President conferring unlimited power upon the Secretary of Agriculture in dealing with contagious and infectious diseases of live stock. It overrides all State in- terference in the matter of foreign and interstate transportation of stock, and will place the Bureau of Animal Industry in abso- lute control where such outbreaks as foot-and-mouth disease occur, thus preventing such friction with State authorities as has recently retarded the stamping-out process in Massachusetts : ‘“An act to enable the Secretary of Agriculture to more effectually suppress and prevent the spread of contagious and infectious diseases of live stock, and for other purposes. ‘Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States in congress assembled, That in order to en- able the Secretary of Agriculture to effectually suppress and ex- tirpate contagious pleuro-pneumonia, foot-and-mouth disease, and other dangerous, contagious, infectious and communicable dis- eases in cattle and other live stock, and to prevent the spread of such diseases, the powers conferred on the Secretary of the Treas- ury by sections four and five of an act entitled ‘An Act for the establishment of a Bureau of Animal Industry, to prevent the ex- portation of diseased cattle, and to provide means for the suppres- sion of pleuro-pneumonia and other contagious diseases among domestic animals,’ approved May 29, 1884 (23 U. S. 31), are hereby conferred on the Secretary of Agriculture, to be exercised exclusively by him. He is hereby authorized and directed, from time to time, to establish such rules and regulations con- cerning the exportation and transportation of live stock from ppt 9 SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. 1147 any place within the United States where he may have reason to believe such diseases may exist into and through any State or Territory, including the Indian Territory and into and through the District of Columbia and to foreign countries, as he may deem necessary, and all such rules and regulations shall have the force of the law. Whenever any inspector or assistant inspector of the Bureau of Animal Industry shall issue a certifi- . cate showing that such officer had inspected any cattle or other live stock which were about to be shipped, driven or transported from such locality to another, as above stated, and had found them free from Texas or splenetic fever infection, pleuro-pneu-_ monia, foot-and-mouth disease, or any other infectious, conta- gious, or communicable disease, such animals so inspected and certified, may be shipped, driven or transported from such place into and through any State or Tezritory, including the Indian Territory and into and through the District of Columbia, or they may be exported from the United States without further inspection or the exaction of fees of any kind, except such as may at any time be ordered or exacted by the Secretary of Agri- culture; and all such animals shall at all times be under the control and supervision of the Bureau of Animal Industry of the Agricultural Department for the purposes of such inspection. “Sec. 2. That the Secretary of Agriculture shall have au- thority to make such regulations and take such measures as he may deem proper to prevent the introduction or dissemination of any contagious, infectious, or communicable disease of animals from a foreign country into the United States or from one State or Territory of the United States or the District of Columbia to another, and to seize, quarantine, and dispose of any hay, straw, forage or similar material, or any meats, hides, or other animal products coming from an infected foreign country to the United States, or from the State or Territory or the District of Colum- bia in transit to another State or Territory or the District of Columbia whenever in his judgment such action is advisable in order to guard against the introduction or spread of such contagion. “Sec. 3. That any person, company, or corporation know- ingly violating the provisions of this act or the orders or regu- lations made in pursuance thereof shall be guilty of a misde- meanor, and on conviction shall be punished by a fine of not less than one hundred dollars nor more than one thousand dol- lars, or by imprisonment not more than one year, or by both such fine and imprisonment.” 1148 SOCIETY MEETINGS. SOCIETY MEETINGS. IOWA STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. OFFICIAL REPORT OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING HELD AT CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA, JAN. I4 AND I5, 1903. JANUARY 14—FIRST DAY—MORNING SESSION. The meeting was called to order at ro A. M. in the rooms of the Commercial Club by the President, Dr. J. I. Gibson, Den- ison. The Secretary announced the system of card registration in- stead of roll-call. The address of welcome was made by Mayor C. D. Huston, of Cedar Rapids, as follows: “ Vr. Chairman and Gentlemen: “JT deem it an honor, as the chief executive of the Parlor City, to extend the official greeting to the members of the Iowa State Veterinary Medical Association. You are expected to have a good time—the only kind of time observed on conven- tion days in this city when friends are to be entertained. You can go all the gaits if you choose and make a record. In other words, it is a free-for-all and none barred. And, after you have finished your labors and returned to your respective homes, it is our hope that it will be with pleasant recollections of our city and citizens. ‘‘We have the biggest city marshal in the entire country and the most tender hearted, too. It has been said of him, and it might truthfully be said of some other of us city officials, that in his boyhood days he was so tender hearted that he never overloaded a ‘saw horse,’ so he makes a good humane officer as well as police official. You will be under his special care and protection during your stay, and, should any of your number become lost or strayed, just telephone the city marshal and you will be found—not fined. “Hyery head of a family in our city is the possessor of a horse of some description—it may be a pacer, or a trotter, and if not one of those, it is sure to be a ‘hobby’ or a ‘clothes horse.’ But they are all interested in the veterinarians. Those who have but a clothes horse are just as much interested in you gentlemen as the owners of the fine steppers, because they rely upon some one of your number to inspect the milk and butter Pe ST ed ON ee i a oe SOCIETY MEETINGS, 1149 fats that go into the home for use of the infants as well as the adults, and they look to you to have framed and enforced such laws as are necessary to prohibit the selling or offering for sale of any impure or adulterated foods. ‘“‘] heard a horse story once—the title role being played by a mule. An Englishman came to this country for a hunt, choos- ing Missouri as the base of operations, presumably for the rea- son that when he returned to London he could say to his friends, . ‘Tam from Missouri—you will have to show me.’ He had as his guide a citizen who had been born near Penobscot, Me., and who had served time in selling wooden hams and watering dried _ apples. The Yankee had trained a mule so that when he tic- kled it in the flank it would sit down. ‘They started upon the hunt, and after traversing the road a short distance the guide touched the mule in the flank and it sat down. ‘ What’s the matter with the mule?’ inquired the Englishman. ‘Nothing the matter with the mule,’ was the reply, ‘he’s a setter; don’t you see he is setting that rabbit,’ as he pointed out bunny, who was scampering away. Passing along a little further the whip was applied to the flank of the mule and it again sat down. The Englishman espied a pheasant, bagged the game, and then opened negotiations for the purchase of so intelligent and valu- able an animal. After much dickering the Englishman’s fine saddle horse and trappings and one hundred dollars in coin of the realm were exchanged for the mule. Hunter and guide ex- changed mounts and passed on. Ina short time they came to a stream of water and the mule, lagging somewhat, was urged on by the use of the spur and he sat down. ‘What’s the mat- ter with the mule, now?’ roared the Englishman. ‘ Nothing, nothing at all,’ responded the Yankee; ‘he sets just as well for suckers as he does for game or birds.’ “Now, my friends, you may not know it, but it is a fact that you are just six miles from the healthiest city in the United States, according to the last census report, partly due no doubt to the vigilance of meat and milk inspectors, who are experi- enced and respected veterinarians. Marion is the capital of Linn County, and besides being noted as a health resort is also noted as being the home of several horse fanciers who are na- tional characters. They will be over here to-morrow and with some of our own horse fanciers will exhibit a goodly number of beautiful coachers, park horses, single and double drivers, equal if not superior to any you have ever seen. “JT am requested by the directors of the Poultry Show, now 1150 SOCIETY MEETINGS. on at the Auditorium, to extend you an invitation to inspect the magnificent exhibit to be seen there, and no one can afford to miss it. “The great cereal plant, which furnishes breakfast for the world, and the biggest institution of the kind in the world, is worth a visit, as is also the Sinclair packing plant. Besides numerous other industries, we have three of the largest pump factories in the West, which furnish our city wind and the pop- ulation of the entire Northwest with pumps and pipe—and this is no pipe-dream either. “Then our business men want to give you the glad hand and make your stay so pleasant that you will certainly desire to, if you do not actually vote, to make Cedar Rapids your perma- nent headquarters for all your State meetings.” Response to the address of welcome was made by Dr. J. I. Gibson. PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS. The President delivered his address as follows: “ Wr. Vice-President, Officers and Members of the Towa State Veterinary Medical Association : ‘“T oreet you at this fifteenth annual meeting and wish you all the compliments of the season. “As each new year in the history of our Association is ushered in, it brings to us and our profession new obligations and greater responsibilities. We live in an age of wonderful progress. The world is rapidly growing brighter and better. New methods are constantly coming in vogue in all commer- cial and professional pursuits. We discard many of the best methods of our fathers as worthless or impracticable. In this double-quick onward march of twentieth century civilization I trust our profession may always be found occupying a position in the foremost ranks. “ The Past and Present.—It is amusing as well as instruct- ive, to compare the conditions of fifty years ago with those of the present time. How ridiculous some of the methods of those times appear when viewed in the light of the present. Few, if any, of the live-stock owners of to-day would permit a veteri- narian to apply the plank-and-sledge-hammer treatment to a case of ‘lockjaw,’ or the gimlet and turpentine to a case of ‘hollow-horn,’ or the knife and pepper and salt to a case of ‘wolf in the tail,’ or to introduce into the mouth of a ruminant a pork rind, or other artificial cud, to relieve the patient and re- instate the suspended process of rumination. And yet the my Fe eet SOCIETY MEETINGS. Sloot older citizens recall the time when the above mentioned meth- ods were very generally practiced. Now-a-days the owner of live-stock requires of the veterinarian better medical and surgi- cal treatment of his animals than the medical profession was qualified to practice upon his grandfather. The improved and finely bred animal of to-day requires much more humane and scientific treatment than did his coarser bred ancestors. The breeder of to-day possesses a much larger fund of knowledge concerning the principles of breeding and feeding than did his fathers. “Veterinary medicine and surgery has made wonderful pro- gress in the past fifty years. The medical profession has made, I might say, greater advancement in the past fifty years than our profession. It seems almost incredible, but it is neverthe- less a fact, that asepsis and the use of antiseptics were neither known nor understood by the medical profession of fifty years ago. The army surgeons during the War of the Rebellion used a solution of potassium permanganate for the cleansing and healing of wounds, and found it an apparent aid to the healing process, but they did not know how or why it was. Some of them were particular to have and use clean instru- ments, from a natural tendency to cleanliness, whilst none of them knew or understood the necessity for or the theory of sterilization of hands, instruments and all appliances and sur- roundings, in order that good results might attend all their ef- forts in surgery. They looked upon suppuration and slough- ing as indications of healthy progress in all wounds, but to-day, if suppuration follows surgical interference, it is at once posi- tive evidence of septic infection or lack of sterilization, and is invariably charged to the negligence or carelessness of the operating surgeon or his assistants. “ Aseptic tesults may be, and frequently are attained at the present time in veterinary surgery, notwithstanding the fact that the surroundings favor the infection of all wounds in our patients, but fifty years ago such results were accidental in con- nection with human surgery, and entirely beyond the concep- tion of human surgeon. “The older surgeons of © day tell us they distinctly re- member how their professors warned them against entering the peritoneal cavity, with the assurance that it ‘meant almost cer- tain death to the patient, but these same surgeons have found it necessary scores and hundreds of times to ignore the teach- ings of their college days, and have in so doing saved many LS SOCIETY MEETINGS. lives that would certainly have been lost had they treated the patients as taught by the learned professors of but a generation past. ‘“In the field of sanitation and prevention of disease the ad- vancement has been even greater than in the art of healing. When I was a boy the people feared smallpox, diphtheria and scarlet fever more than they now dread the so-called plagues— cholera, bubonic plague and yellow fever, and well they might, for in those days in the mildest outbreak of sinallpox the death rate was about 25% as compared with 1% in recent outbreaks. In those days diphtheria very often proved fatal to whole fain- ilies, while to-day 95% of diphtheria patients recover. In the treatment of these two diseases we have modern specifies, viz: vaccine and antitoxine. The thorough and systematic vaccina- tion of a people, young and old, will in a few generations make that people immune to the virus of smallpox, and yet there are people abroad in our land who condemn and attempt to ignore vaccination. ‘They are like the infidel born in a Christian land and reared by a godly mother. ‘Vaccination belongs to the practice of our profession to as great an extent nowadays as it does to the medical profession. Through vaccination and inoculation with immunizing serums we protect the owners of live stock from greater losses than through all other lines of treatment and practice. We do not hesitate to assure the owner against losses from anthrax, black- leg, tetanus, Texas fever, malignant cedema, and through the good work now being done by Drs. Pearson and Gilliland, of Pennsylvania, we hope soon to be able to assure him against loss from the spread of tuberculosis. ‘This anti-tuberculosis vaccination when perfected will prove the greatest blessing ever conferred upon the live-stock owners of the country, as well as a safeguard to human life. We wish these gentlemen final suc- cess in this great work for the protection of animal life and the preservation of the public health. “We noticed recently the announcement by a French scien- tist of the discovery of an anti-whooping cough serum, which he asserts will reduce the course of the disease to a period of not longer than one week and prevent all spasms and paroxysms. This, if true, is one of the greatest blessings ever conferred upon mankind, especially infancy. When we stand aside and view the rapid progress made year after year we are led to believe that nothing that can be imagined is too difficult to be brought to pass. SOCIETY MEETINGS. 1153 “ The Future of the Profession.—We might ask, ‘What has the future in store for us and our profession in the State and na- tion?’ I feel assured that the signs of the times indicate marked advances for the veterinary profession in the near future. The great increase in the production of pure-bred stock of all breeds in the country, in which Iowa leads all other States, meats a proportionate increase in the demand for qualified vet- erinarians. The breeder of pure-bred stock requires more of his veterinarian than does the owner of common scrub animals. He not only requires that he shall be well qualified to adminis- ter the best medical aid and to perform the most scientific sur- gery, but, further, that he shall be qualified to instruct and to advise as to the best methods of breeding and feeding, and all other things pertaining to animal husbandry. “ With all the recent improvements in the courses taught in veterinary colleges I sometimes fear the veterinarians of to-day are not fully equipped to meet the demands now made upon them. It seems to me our colleges should take the iniative in the matter and at once establish thorough courses in animal hus- bandry and live stock judging. These branches properly belong to veterinary science and every veterinarian should be expert in them. ‘The natural tendency on the part of the breeder and feeder is to go to his veterinarian for all advice and counsel pertaining to the best methods of breeding and feeding, and the veterinarian should be qualified to advise him in the way that will bring the best results. He should also be master of the science of breeding and able to select the proper sire and dam to produce the desired progeny. “There is an increasing demand for this kind of veterinari- ans to superintend breeding farms throughout the country. How many of the veterinarians present are owners and breeders of pure-bred stock of any breed or species? Every one of you should own and breed some choice animals, and thus by practi- cal example prove your fitness to advise others in breeding. “The judging of live stock, which is naturally the work of the veterinarian, has been of late years in this country conceded to the professors of agriculture and animal husbandry and their graduates. Many of these men are indeed experts, but none of them have the advantages that accrue to the veterinarian in this work on account of his thorough knowledge of the formation and function of all parts of the animal. The veterinarian in all countries excepting the United States is recognized as the proper person to judge in the show ring, and is generally made chiet 1154 SOCIETY MEETINGS. judge or referee at live-stock exhibitions. I for one am in favor of the judging clinics at our meetings, and a course in judging at all our colleges, and the final reinstatement of the veterina- rian as judge in the show ting. “ Veterinary Santtation.—I feel that I cannot emphasize too strongly the importance of veterinary sanitation ; first, as it applies to the protection of the life and health of our domestic animals, and, secondly, on account of its effect upon human life and happiness. Just now we are confronted with a serious prob- lem in the introduction within our borders of one of the cattle plagues of Europe, foot-and-mouth disease. If our fair State should become infected with this disease it would mean a loss of millions of dollars to our people. Why are we resting so peacefully under these circumstances? Because Uncle Sam’s army of veterinary sanitarians under the command of that peer- less general, Dr. D. E. Salmon, Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry, has promptly met the foe and thrown its invincible lines around the enemy and is waging a war of sure and speedy extermination. For this reason we are not fearing the invasion of our State by the dread disease. Asa result of organized vet- erinary sanitation in States and nation all contagious and infec- tious diseases of animals are on the decrease. “The greatest problem in veterinary sanitation yet before the civilized world is the eradication of tuberculosis from our herds. Itis well for our country that the determination to con- trol tuberculosis has become so marked, before the disease gets the foothold here it has in European countries. The discovery of the anti-tuberculosis vaccine should prove the greatest aid to the control of the disease yet known. Its use will protect all additions to an infected herd by birth or purchase, and make the final purification of the herd much easier than any other method suggested. If it proves a success the names of Pearson and Gil- liland, its first advocates, will be immortalized in history. “Tn conclusion, I wish to congratulate the members present on the high position this Association occupies in the list of State Associations, and especially on the election of our Secre- tary at the Minneapolis meeting to the position of Secretary of the American Veterinary Medical Association, which gives this Association additional prestige in the national and international affairs of the profession. ‘““T request of each of you a renewed spirit of loyalty to our Association and all its interests, and wish you all health, happi- ness and success throughout all future years.” SOCIETY MEETINGS. 1155 The Secretary then read his annual report, covering the principal points of interest to the Association, as follows: SECRETARY’S REPORT. “ Mr. President and Members :—There has been encourag- ing progress in Association affairs since our last meeting. ‘““Correspondence with the members indicates a commend- able interest in the welfare of our organization, and in the pro- fession as a whole. The members have been prompt in respond- ing to requests for assistance in getting up a programme, and in otherwise preparing for the meeting. A hopeful feeling has been generated by the prosperous state of veterinary practice, and attention to business has, fortunately, not led to such nar- row and selfish views on the part. of the members as would cause them to neglect or shoulder upon others the broad interest of the profession at large, the interests of which can be cared for only by such an organization as ours. It is evident to me that our members are almost without exception thoroughly awake to the great benefits which they may derive personally from their membership and to those which are bestowed upon the profession at large through the influence of our State Associa- tion. “The work of the Secretary is considerable in amount and exacting in character, but I have been much gratified by seeing on every hand a reward in the form of good results from labor bestowed. ‘“We now have an active membership of 74. Only 5 of these have allowed themselves to fall into arrears in dues beyond the limit set by the by-laws. The remainder have manifested their interest in the affairs of the Association by ready payment of dues. Collections have as a rule been very satisfactory. In- asmuch as the annual dues are so small, and as it is manifest that the Association requires all the money it can raise through legitimate means for its operation, it is cause for wonder that members should allow themselves to fall into arrears so far as to make them subject to suspension. If a member has not been able to sustain his interest in the Association, the logical and proper thing for him to do would be to submit his resignation and thus free himself from all obligation. Those who are in arrears have been notified three times within the last six months, and the consequence of continued delinquency has been detailed to them. There is nothing left for me to do but advise that they be suspended from membership for non-payment of dues. 1156 SOCIETY MEETINGS. ‘““T would call attention to the fact that it is the policy of the Association to put upon the list of honorary members not subject to dues, any members who may remove from the State, or who may go into some other honorable profession or business, provided they are in good standing at the time of cessation of active irembership and their dues are paid up. It is very much desired that members thus making a change will keep the Sec- retary informed in regard to it, so that the Association may take appropriate action. “At the last meeting of the Association 36 members were suspended for non-payment of dues. These delinquents had been accumulated during a period of ten years, and it was thought the interests of the Association demanded that such ac- tion should be taken. ‘The Secretary was directed to send a letter to each one of these, apprising him of the action taken, and enclosing a statement of account. This was done at two different times in case of 23, whose whereabouts could be ascer- tained. The remainder either had died or their addresses had been lost. One of the 23 has since died, and of the remaining 22 one has paid up his arrears and asked for reinstatement to active membership. A few others sent replies which will be referred to at another time. Of 39 others who had been sus- pended for non-payment of dues during the previous history of the Association, 17 were still alive and their addresses were obtain- able. A letter and statement of dues was sent to each of these on two different occasions. One responded by paying up ar- rears and asking for reinstatement. Two others showed their interest by making replies which will be referred to later. It is well nigh impossible to get any sort of reply from more than a few of those suspended members, much as it is desired. Un- less some action which they may view with more favor is taken by the Association, I think it would be justifiable to discontinue efforts to bring them again into relations with the Association. ‘“‘’To every veterinarian in active practice in the State who is not a member, but eligible to membership, I sent a letter ask- ing him to submit his application. Up to this time 17 have re- sponded and others are expected to do so during this meeting. This is very encouraging. But still there are about sixty veter- inarians in the State who ought to join with us in active mem- bership. It is the duty of every member to see that this result is accomplished, and I hope that a long stride may be taken in this direction during the coming year. I wish all would realize how easy it would be for us to have in Iowa a veterinary Asso- ee ee ee ee SOCIETY MEETINGS. 1157 ciation which had developed all the strength which the union of all the veterinarians in the State into such organization would give. Time and space will not allow me to go into detail, as I should like, on this subject, but let us all strive to reach the ideal in regard to membership to which I have just referred. “In the interest of the veterinarians of the State, I took up the matter of subscriptions to the veterinary journals. By con- sulting the subscription lists I found that there were only 68 subscribers in Iowa to one or both of the American veterinary journals. Out of these 68, 22 are non-graduates. In other words, 33% of the 68 subscribers are non-graduates. This, it must be confessed, is very complimentary to the non-graduates, but not very flattering to the graduates. This left 94 graduates in the State who were not subscribers. A large percentage of these are members of this Association. To each of these an offer of a special subscription price was sent. I am much pleased to say that up to this time 9 have taken advantage of this offer, and 3 of these become subscribers to both journals. It is hoped that many more will avail themselves of this offer before it is withdrawn, Jan. 16th. Still, I fear that very, very much will be left to be desired. I should state that one vet- erinarian wrote me that he is receiving a journal in another’s name, and another that he was getting an issue monthly through a newsdealer. I am glad to be able to report that no members have died since our last meeting. “Whether speaking for myself or for my successor, I would request that each member write the Secretary at least one letter each year. Respectfully submitted, “JOHN J. REppP, Secretary.” The Treasurer submitted the following report: TREASURER’S REPORT. FIFTEENTH ANNUAL MEBTING, Jan. 14, 1903. Recetpts. Cash on hand Feb. 10, 1902, . . . $ 66.30 Cash for Dues Feb. 11, 1902, to Jan. I2, 1903, ‘incl., 62.00 Cash for Membership Fees Feb. 11, 1902, to Jan. 12, Seago io kee Ck a 42.00 $170.30 Disbursements. Cash Refund of Membership Fee to W. L. Evers, . . $ 2.00 Cash to H. E. Talbot a/c Clinic 14th An. Meeting, . 10.00 Cash Refund of Membership Fee to J. V. Jewell. . . 2.00 Cash pee Doan OLS ba 8 0 so bt 2.00 Cash Secretary’s Allowance, .. . sd: 25.00 1158 SOCIETY MEETINGS. Cash to Secretary for Editing and A PEW ESE Pro- ceedings 14th An. Meeting, .. . 20.00 Cash’ to J. Miller for Postave. 17. anes eee se Cash for 9 Registered Letters, Dente ete eee 72 Cash’ for Letter Copy Booky 328 23: tm. oer ee ee 1.50 Cash. for dietter, CopysBook::-) 347 moapaetl ert 1.50 Cash Badges and Express on “Same, Men re Fg rs 9.25 Cash for xqreSs. kG creo ae ear oe ee ea 1.20 Cash for Stamps, . . ae 18.75 Cash for Printing and Stationery to Ames Times, PM Soe Cash for a ‘* Hodson Bros., : 5.50 Total, spice Bi ahs sks = oye Se a ae $122.20 Balance in Treasuret’s -Hlands Jan, 12, 1003, 22.5.) -=eneeee $48.10 Respectfully submitted, JOHN J. REppP, 7veasurer. The following committee was appointed to audit the Treas- urer’s accounts:. J. Miller, J. S. Potter and Hal C. Simpson, which made the following report : ‘We, the Auditing Committee for the Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the Iowa State Veterinary Medical Association, hereby certify that we have examined the above account of the Treasurer, and that we find it correct. “Ha. C. SIMPSON lS. eOLiER ~ Auditing Committee.” aes fee's Coca pica J By vote of the Association, the report was accepted. The President appointed A. A. Adamson a member of the Board of Censors, in place of W. H. Austin, who was absent. The Board of Censors reported favorably upon the follow- ing applicants for membership: Robert J. W. Briggs, Gar- ner; F. H. Thompson, Des Moines; F. R. Ahlers, Lamotte; C. O. Van Winkle, Salem; A. F. Baldwin, Des Moines; C. J. Heckard, Wheatland; Gustave A. Kay, Avoca; Walter A. Stuhr, Ames; A. L. Wood, Hampton; O.-R. Moyer, Cedar Rapids; Fred N. Elwell, Bancroft ; Seth P. Talbot, Oskaloosa ; C. A. Bradley, Marion; J. L. Brodie, Cedar Rapids; D. Barrett, Cascade; L. L. Diller, Grundy Centre; G. W. Blanche, Belle Plaine; J. E. Frank, Sandyville. Report of Board of Censors was received by vote. On motion, the rules were suspended and the Secretary in- structed to cast the ballot of the Association for those whose names were read. ‘This was done, and the President declared them duly elected. The Board of Censors reported favorably upon the follow- ing for reinstatement to active membership: J. W. Scott, Man- SOCIETY MEETINGS. 1159 chester; J. E. Harrison, Burlington; J. G. Parslow, Shenan- doah. The report of the Board of Censors was received by vote. On motion the rules were suspended and the Secretary in- structed to cast the ballot of the Association for those whose names were read. ‘This was done and the President declared them duly reinstated. Dr. T. A Shipley, Inspector Bureau of Animal Industry, in- vited the members to visit the Sinclair Packing Plant between I and 2 Pp. M. Mr. Thos. H. Simmons, Sec. Commercial Club, invited the members to attend the Poultry Show, admission to be secured by the badges. Adjournment for lunch 12 M. to meet 2 P. M. | JANUARY tg¢—FIRST DAY—AFTERNOON SESSION. Meeting called to order 2.30 Pp. M. by President Gibson. The Committee on Disease and Treatment reported as fol- lows : REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON DISEASE AND TREATMENT. “ Your committee beg leave to report briefly. We have nothing new or startling to offer, but only a review and a few minor suggestions, and hope our effort may be the means of bringing out a good discussion if nothing more. Throughout our State domestic animals have enjoyed particularly good health. There has been no general epizootic. Many localities have been visited by local diseases of different kinds, but they were soon brought under control. Probably we have had more ergotism than for several years past, owing to the excessive moisture, rank growth, and lack of sunshine. Almost every pasture was more or less affected, especially was the ergot abun- dant on the blue grass, red top and similar grasses. “There was a great deal of enzootic ophthalmia among cat- tle, especially in the southern part of the State. The loss to stockmen comes principally from shrinkage of animals affected. Treatment is impracticable, especially in large herds. “Rabies has been quite common during the year just closed. We are of the opinion that if farmers would enforce the trespass law throughout the State and prohibit hunting on their farms and in the public highways, the different breeds of hounds and hunting dogs would soon diminish. Then, instead of the gen- eral 50c. tax, put on a tax so high that only the very best dogs would be worth keeping, and asa result we would soon have 1160 SOCIETY MEETINGS. the periodical attacks of rabies reduced to a minimum. This means of handling rabies would be beneficial to the sheep inter- ests of the State. ‘(There seems to be very little trouble in feeding cornstalks this year. Why isthis? Is it due to the rank growth of the stalks, the excessive moisture, the large amount of grasses along fences and ravines and abundance of water in every ditch ? “There has been considerable sheep scab in the sheep-rais- ing districts, but sheep owners do not talk much of this disease when they get it. Almost every farmer who owns a flock worthy the name is prepared to handle this disease, as he has convenient dipping tanks, while any of the Government dips will eradicate the trouble if directions are followed. ‘“We have had the privilege of examining several flocks of sheep which were shipped in, that developed scab of the worst form after being inspected and dipped at the dipping stations on entering the State, and know of many more where no veter- inarian was called. ‘The best plan is to advise feeders to buy natives, even at a little higher price, as their profits would be more in the end and more satisfactory. ‘‘ Tuberculosis is a disease that probably none of us will ever see blotted out of our State. Our interstate laws and regula- tions seem to be insufficient to cope with this or sheep scab, as the outbreaks seem to be more frequent where either cattle or sheep are imported into the State from the ranges. Perhaps the Bang method is the only practicable method of combating this disease without entailing too great a hardship on the stock owners. ““ Hog cholera is prevalent in a few sections, but not nearly as much so as in former years of bumper corn crops. ‘There are large areas in Southern Iowa and Missouri where land has been farmed for over sixty years and hogs have been raised al- most continuously, where they have never had hog cholera or swine plague. Is it due to mineral deposits, the water, or the blue grass pasture and mast in their pastures? If not, why? Speaking of radical cures for a stock evil, a very successful sheep-breeder remarked to us once that the only way to make a success of the sheep business was to buy the best long range gun possible, load shells heavily with buck-shot, shoot so there will be no report or howl, only that of the gun, and keep your mouth shut.” The report was fully discussed. The Judiciary Committee made the following report : SOCIETY MEETINGS. 1161 REPORT OF THE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE. “We, the Judiciary Committee of the I. S. V. M. A., after careful inquiry, find that Dr. S. H. Johnston, of Carroll, Iowa, a member of this Association, has been guilty of non-professional conduct in that he has assisted in instituting and promoting a correspondence school of veterinary science for the expressed purpose of teaching veterinary science to farmers, breeders and non-graduate veterinary practitioners. We, therefore, recom- mend that he be expelled from membership in the Iowa State’ Veterinary Medical Association. Swoiened, \.\].. L-Greson; J... Re- SANDERS: ““P. MALCOLM, “WM. DRINKWATER, ‘JOHN 4, REPP.Y The report was adopted. On motion Dr. S. H. Johnston was expelled from membership in the Association by a unani- mous rising vote. New business was then taken up. The resignations of T. A. Bown, Chariton, M. Y. Schaffer, Des Moines, were accepted. On motion it was voted to receive applications for reinstate- ment to membership from all those suspended for non-payment of dues, provided they pay the sum which they were in arrears at the time when they were made subject to suspension accord- ing to Article 1V of the By-laws. Dr. Bauman reported the following cases: ‘‘ Rupture of Rectum and Vagina ina Mare During Parturition—Successful Treatment,” and ‘‘ Obstruction of Bowels in a Horse Due to Ab- scess in Lumbo-sacral Region.” Adjournment was taken at 6.30 P.-M. to 7.30 P. M. JANUARY 14—FIRST DAY—EVENING SESSION. The meeting was called to order at 8 p. M. by Pres. Gibson. Dr. S. H. Bauman presented a paper entitled ‘‘ Observations on Country Practice.’’* Dr. J. W. Scott presented a report of a case entitled ‘ Em- bolism of the Pulmonary Artery in the Horse.’’* Dr. Sanders read a report of “‘ Three Anomalies Met with in Castration.”’* * Will be published in an early number of the REVIEW. 1162 SOCIETY MEETINGS. Dr. Drinkwater read a report of ‘‘ Fracture of the Ribs in a Horse.’’* Dr. Brodie read a report upon ‘“ Five Cases of Azoturia.’’* Dr. Malcolm made an extemporaneous report of an ‘‘ Autopsy on a Calf.” Dr. McLeod read the following reports : “The Use of Antistreptococcus Serum in Purpura Heemor- thagica,’’* and ‘‘ Results of Four Operations for Cribbing.’’* gica, P g JANUARY 15—SECOND DA Y—FORENOON SESSION. CLINIC AND JUDGING. The clinic was under the supervision of Dr. J. W. Griffith, assisted by Dr. T. A. Shipley and Dr. O. R. Moyer. ‘The fol- lowing operations were performed: Castration of Cryptorchid, G. A. Scott, Independence ; Stringhalt, F. F. Parker, Oska- loosa; Cribber, J. H. McLeod, Charles City ; Oophorectomy on Bitch, J. H. Potter, Iowa City; Trephining for Removal of Tooth, J. W. Scott, Manchester ; Canker of Foot, E. A. Bux- ton, Vinton ; Oophorectomy on Bitch, W. A. Heck, Maquoketa ; Castration of Cryptorchid, C. EK. Stewart, Chariton ; Oophor- ectomy on Bitch, J. H. McLeod, Charles City. Dr. G. A. Johnson gave a demonstration in connection with some pathological specimens collected at the Sinclair Packing Plant by Dr. T. A. Shipley. The specimens were as follows: Tuberculosis of liver of ox, multiple abscess of liver of ox, cryptorchid testicles from swine, parenchymatous mastitis of cow, cystic ovaries from sows, generalized tuberculosis of hog, cholera of hog, fibroma of larynx of cow. An exercise in horse judging arranged by the local commit- tee, took place between 11 and 1 o’clock. Five classes were exhibited. The members first judged the horses and each se- lected what he considered the best. ‘Then a committee, con- sisting of J. 1. Gibson, P. O. Koto and H. E. Talbot, made the final decisions. The following were the winners in the re- spective classes: Draft Team: 1st, Standard Oil Co.; 2d, J. H. Stein Trans- fer Co. Carriage Team for Action: 1st, W. A. Dobson; 2d, H. R. Shafer. Carriage Team for Conformation: 1st, W. A. Dobson; 2d, H. R. Shafer. Single Driver for Action: Ist, W. A. Dobson; 2d, H. R. Shafer. Single Driver for Confor- mation: 1st, W. A. Dobson; 2d, H. R. Shafer. The exhibitors are dealers in high class horses, and the * Will be published in an early number of the REVIEW. ene SOCIETY MEETINGS. 1163 members had the opportunity of studying some of the best horses to be found in America. Dr. J. W. Griffith is to be congratulated upon his success in getting the clinic started at 8 a. M., and in having both clinic and judging completed by 1 P. M. JAN. 15—SECOND DAY—AFTERNOON SESSION. The meeting was called to order at 2 P. M. by Pres. Gibson. J. W. Scott was appointed a member of the Committee on Resolutions to take the place of C. A. Clinton, who was absent. Dr. Adamson read a paper entitled ‘‘ Compressed Air in the Treatment of Fistulas and Ulcers.” * Dr. J. Miller read a paper entitled ‘“ Gastroenterotomy, with Report of a Case.”* Dr. G. L. Buffington read a paper entitled ‘“‘ Ulcerative En- _ teritis in the Horse.”* Dr. W. A. Heck read a report upon “ Three Cases Showing the Use of Oil of Turpentine in the Treatment of Atrophy of the Shoulder Muscles.’’* Dr. T. A. Shipley made the report of the Committee on San- itation as follows : REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON SANITATION. “ Mr. President -—Your Committee on Sanitation, or rather its Chairman, after vain appeals to the other members of the committee and other members of the profession in the State for help, desires to submit its last year’s report to be read by title at this time. “ Our reason for so doing is partly because it seems as ap- plicable to conditions to-day as it did one year ago. Not that there has not been any good and honest ‘sanitary work done by veterinarians, but what has been done has evidently been done along the quiet avenues of education rather than the more con- spicuous and bustling ones of legislation, and this work can probably be best brought out by a sort of old-time experience meeting, in which each member here may give briefly his knowledge of local conditions and his efforts to right them and his success or failure and the reasons he assigns for such suc- cesses or failures. ach is equally valuable as a criterion for future action. And for this reason, also, we wish to cut the re- port short so as to give what extra time there may be for this discussion. = Will be published in an early number of the REVIEW. 1164 SOCIETY MEETINGS. ‘But we want to again urge on you the especial need of local meat and milk inspection in cities of 10,000 and upwards, for, despite the large amount of federal-inspected meat sold in all the markets, the cities of this size naturally become the dump- ing ground of all undesirable animal carcasses and products that would obviously not pass our federal inspectors, and because butchers and scalpers in smaller places do not have the oppor- tunity to get this class of stuff on the markets without the pub- licity which would kill their nefarious traffic. But in places of 10,000 and upwards there can always be found some who are will- ing and able to handle questionable goods without being found out ina way that they can be brought legally to task for their transgressions, or that publicity given their operations which would effectually check them. The only real solution of this problem seems to be for cities of this size to have local city in- spection at a public abattoir and a system of insurance for clin- ically sound animals, for it is, of course, tuberculosis in this class of animals that would cause the heaviest losses, and they should not be altogether borne by the slaughterer, but, wher- ever possible, the loss should be made to revert to the original producer. It is this problem that we desire to emphasize and have discussed, because we believe it will lead to the detection of centres of this and other maladies, and will do much to edu- cate the people to view the work of the sanitarian as a help to their progress rather than as a hindrance. “The State Veterinarian, the executive sanitary officer of the State, reports an abundance of routine work with no very serious menace to live-stock interests such as has gained a tem- porary foothold in the New Engiand States. But even such outbreaks tend to emphasize the importance of the sanitarian and will perhaps lead to better results than were antic- ipated. ‘“Another important point which we wish to emphasize at this time is the care the veterinarian should exercise in exam- ining dirty-nosed horses and the importance of educating horse- owners to the dangers fron glandered horses. Recent veteri- nary literature has chronicled the death of two brothers in an ad- joining State from this malady after having been treated by their family physicians for smallpox, and the infection of a woman physician who made the bacteriological investigation in the foregoing cases. If science would reveal to usa germ, as virulent a germ as this one, with which we could inoculate the general apathy on sanitary matters, the problem would be SOCIETY MEETINGS. 1165 solved. The latent enthusiasm thus brought into play could not be checked in its good work. “Respectfully submitted, T. A. SHIPLEY, Chairman.” The Board of Censors reported favorably upon the following applications for membership: Carl W. Gay, Ames; W. E. Miller, Cherokee; Ralph F. Graham, Colfax ; and C. G. Mar- tin, Des Moines. On motion, the rules were suspended and the Secretary instructed to cast the ballot of the Association for those whose names had been read. This was done and they were declared duly elected. Dr. Louis A. Klein, Fort Worth, Texas, was elected to hon- orary membership. By vote of the Association the following members were sus- pended for non-payment of dues: J. J. Moore, Lamoni; H. Shipley, Sheldon; R. C. Sayers, Fairfield; J. O. Simcoke, » Davenport. On motion, $10 was appropriated to J. W. Griffith to defray expense of clinic. On motion, $20 was voted to the Secretary for editing, type- writing and having printed the proceedings of the meeting. The Committee on Resolutions reported as follows : REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON RESOLUTIONS. “ Ur. President and Members :—Your Committee on Reso- lutions beg leave to report as follows: “ WHEREAS, It has been the experience of all institutions of learning, that in order to accomplish the best results it has been necessary that each division should have at its head a man highly qualified in the knowledge of that particular branch of Science ; “WHEREAS, The Deanship of the Veterinary Division of the Iowa State College remains vacant, Be it “ Resolved, That we, the members of the Iowa State Vet- erinary Medical Association, in annual session assembled, would respectfully request that the Board of Trustees of that institution place a veterinarian in the position of Dean of the Veterinary Division of that college at an early date. “ Resolved, That we, the Iowa State Veterinary Medical As- sociation, learn with much pride and approbation the good re- sults already obtained by Drs. Pearson and Gilliland, of Pennsyl- vania, in their researches upon the subject of vaccination of cat- tle against tuberculosis, and, be it further “ Resolved, That we offer them our encouragement in the at- 1166 SOCIETY MEETINGS. tempts they are now making to render their method of vaccina- tion practical for use in the herds of our country. “ Resolved, That we, the Iowa State Veterinary Medical Association, express our strong disapproval of correspondence schools of veterinary science whose purpose it is to give instruc- tion in veterinary science to farmers, breeders, non-graduate veterinary practitioners and others who are not graduate veter- inarians, and be it further “ Resolved, That we also express our strong disapproval of the instruction of non-graduates in any other than the regular under-graduate course in any veterinary college. ‘“ Resolved, That we endorse the holding of a clinic at each annual meeting and that liye-stock judging be conducted as a school of instruction in the science of judging at each annual meeting, and that the committee on clinics be hereby authorized to furnish suitable score-card blanks for the use of the members in recording their judgment with reasons therefor. ‘“ Resolved, That we extend our thanks to the local commit- tee, consisting of Drs. J. W. Griffith, T. A. Shipley and O. R. Moyer, for the courteous entertainment and excellent clinic fur- nished by them. “ Resolved, That we tender our thanks to the citizens, and especially to the city officials, of Cedar Rapids for their kind hospitality. “ Resolved, That we tender our thanks to the Commercial Club of Cedar Rapids for having placed a convention hall free of charge at our disposal. G. A. JOHNSON, “FR, J. NEIMAN, “J. We SCO mine The report was adopted by vote. Dr. J. H. McLeod offered the following resolution : “ Resolved, ‘That we, the Iowa State Veterinary Medical As- sociation, offer a special vote of thanks to the management of the Grand Hotel of Cedar Rapids for the uniformly courteous and satisfactory treatment which they have accorded to our members throughout our sessions.” Adopted by vote. A volunteer paper was read by Dr. J. W. Scott, entitled ““Prinemples ofplleredity."* The following officers were elected for the ensuing year: President—T. A. Shipley, Cedar Rapids. * Will be published in an early number of the REVIEW. ie SOCIETY MEETINGS. 1167 First Vice-President —C. E. Stewart, Chariton. Second Vice-President—F. J. Neiman, Marshalltown. Secretary and Treasurer—John J. Repp, Ames. Board of Censors—P. Malcolm, New Hampton; J. H. Mc- Leod, Charles City ; H. C. Simpson, Denison. Absolute harmony prevailed in the election. There were no opposing candidates for any office, and in each case the rules were suspended by motion, and either the President or the Sec- retary instructed to cast the ballot of the Association. On vote of the Association, the resignation of G. A. Johnson from membership was accepted. The foliowing special resolution was adopted : “ Resolved, That it is the sense of the Iowa State Veterinary Medical Association that each member personally investigate the method by which each non-graduate veterinary practitioner obtained his certificate of registration, including the question as to whether his vouchers were reputable stock-owners and free- holders; also that each member prosecute any who are now practicing veterinary medicine, surgery or dentistry in Iowa without proper registration with the Board of Veterinary Ex- aminers.”’ Dr. Simpson moved that the Committee on Disease and Treatment be instructed to investigate azoturia during the coming year, and report upon it at the sixteenth annual meet- ing. Motion adopted by vote. On motion, the Association adjourned to convene in Six- teenth Annual Meeting at Des Moines, at the call of the Presi- dent and Secretary. The following members were in attendance: A. A. Adam- son, Newton; S. H. Bauman, Birmingham ; G. W. Blanche, elle Plaine: '‘C: “A; “Bradley, Marion; A. S. Brodie, Cedar Falls; J. L. Brodie, Cedar Rapids; G. L. Buffington, Baxter ; E. A. Buxton, Vinton; Wm. Drinkwater, Monticello; F. H. P. Edwards, Iowa City ; J. I. Gibson, Denison ; Ralph F. Graham, Colfax ; J. W. Griffith, Cedar Rapids; J. E. Harrison, Burling- ton; S. K. Hazlet, Oelwein; W. A. Heck, Maquoketa; C. J. Heckard, Wheatland; G. A. Johnson, Sioux City; G. A. Kay, Byvoeea; G S. Kerr, Washington; S. H: Kingery, Creston ; Eee koto, Forest City JH. Mcleod, Charles. City; J. H. McNeall, Ames; P. Malcolm, New Hampton; C. G. Martin, Des Moines; J. Miller, Ottumwa; W. E. Miller, Cherokee ; O. R. Moyer, Cedar Rapids; F. J. Neiman, Marshalltown; F. oa 1168 SOCIETY MEETINGS. F. Parker, Oskaloosa; J. S. Potter, lowa City; John J. Repp, Ames; James E. Robertson, Monona; J. R. Sanders, Corydon ; Geo. A. Scott, Independence;, J.. W. scott, Manehester. ~fsAe Shipley, Cedar Rapids; Hal C. Simpson, Denison; C. E. Stew- art, Chariton: ;_H... Stewart; acoua - iy Ba. aloes Moines; Geo. M. Walrod, Storm Lake. (Total, 43.) The following visitors were in attendance : Visttors.—Peter Boyd, Cedar Rapids; Wm. Bryant, Marion ; C. Carney, City Board of Health, Cedar Rapids; Chief Cook, Fire Dept., Cedar Rapids; Zan Cotter, Chicago, Il]. ; D. Cush- man, Alderman, Cedar Rapids; W. A. Dobson, Marion; J. C. Douns, Vinton; Dr. W. L. Evers, Iowa Falls; W. Garretson, White Lake, .S..D.;.C. Ham, Solon. W..N.; Hake, Vintome James Hughes, Alderman, Cedar Rapids; Chas. D. Huston, Mayor, Cedar Rapids; C. B. Hamilton, Cedar Rapids; Dr. Lawler, City Physician, Cedar Rapids; John Limbach, City Board of Health, Cedar Rapids; Dr. R. Mollance, Reinbeck ; Mrs. John J. Repp and two sons, Ames; J. Robertson, Nor- way; C. R. Riley, Cedar Rapids; Thos. H. Simmons, Secre- tary Commercial Club, Cedar Rapids; L. J. Strong, Iowa City. (Totalsaiss) Respectfully submitted, JOHN J. REppP, Secretary. OHIO STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. This association convened for its twentieth annual session in Townshend Hall, Ohio State University, Columbus, on Jan. 13, 1903. The meeting was called to order by President Dr. F. E. Anderson at 2.20 P. M., and the Rev. W. O. Thompson, President of the Ohio State University, was introduced, and delivered a right royal and cordial address of welcome, as well as expressing his pleasure at the pleasant relations existing be- tween the Veterinary Department of the Ohio University and the State Veterinary Association. This address was briefly responded to, in behalf of the As- sociation, by Dr. F. E. Anderson, as follows: “ Prof. Thompson and Gentlemen : “On behalf of the Ohio State Veterinary Medical Associa- tion, I thank the honorable gentlemen for the cordial words of welcome to which we have just listened. Coming as they do from the head of this great educational institution, it proves that the scope of our profession is widening year by year, and we are coming into closer relationship with the other professions SOCIETY MEETINGS. 1169 and the general public on many questions of national as well as local importance. “For a number of years previous to last year, our meetings were held in different halls and hotels in this city with varied satisfaction. At our last meeting we were accorded such a hearty welcome by this, our State University, and our meeting was So universally satisfactory, that we were not long in decid- ing where to hold ¢#zs meeting when the invitation was ex- tended to us. “J thank you again, gentlemen, and I think I am voicing the sentiments of every member of this Association when I say this is the most appropriate place possible for us to meet, and only hope that our organization shall continue to merit the present friendly hospitality of this institution.” Roll-call showed the following AZemders to be present : F. E. Anderson, Findlay ; J. H. Blattenburg, Lima; O. V. Brumley, Columbus; H. W. Brown, Columbus; L. W. Carl, Columbus ; W. R. Clark, Wauseon; G. W. Cliffe, Upper Sandusky ; W. E. Clemons, Granville; E. H. Callender, Zanesville; Louis P. Cook, Cincinnati; P. A. Dillahunt, Springfield; Roy E. Davis, Toledo; G. W. Emery, Greenfield; Paul Fischer, Columbus; H. Fulstow, Norwalk; J. D. Fair, Berlin; Wm. H. Gribble, Washington C. H.; F. Griffin, Columbus; T. B. Hillock, Col- umbus; R. C. Hill, West Alexandria; W. R. Howe, Dayton ; N. W. Hillock, Columbus; C. E. Inskeep, Urbana; J. E. John- son, Piqua; IT. E. Jones, Newark; C. E. Leist, Columbus; S. PD. Meyers, Wilmington; H. P. Miller, Sunbury; J. V. Newton, Toledo; I. A. Ruby, Plymouth; S. Sisson, Columbus; E. H. Shepard, Cleveland; Walter Shaw, Dayton; F. F. Sheets, Van Wert ; W. H. Turner, North Amherst; D. S. White, Columbus ; W. B. Washburn, Tiffin; Jos. Wingertor, Akron; I. A. Wynn, Kenton ; W. E. Wight, Pittsburg, Pa. Vzsztors.—H. E. Smith, S. J. Rigdon, W. F. Huffman, H. C. Peabody, N. S. Schaeffer, W. G. Adams, B. Bartholow, W. A. Schaffter, W. A. Grace, S. W. Goss, H. E. Pinkerton, R. J. Carvey, G. H. Daughtrey, E. H. McDaniel, F. Rigdon, Vernon Dennis, R. K. Holin, Norton Dick). He Reitz, C. C. Lipp, J..E. Bender, C. E. Langdon, A. D. Bullock, H. C. Mallow, W. H. Readhead, Eduordo B. Ibanez, Luis Gonsebatt, Tomas S. Funes; these three last being from the Argentine Republic, veterinary students at the University. Minutes of last meeting read and adopted, with slight minor changes. ‘The President’s address was then delivered as fol- lows: LO SOCIETY MEETINGS. PRESIDENT ANDERSON’S ADDRESS. ‘“My most pleasant duty at this moment as your presiding officer, is to welcome you, gentlemen, to the twentieth annual meeting of this organization. “In no profession has there been greater strides or more scientific investigation than in ours. Our meetings are becom- ing more instructive each year; here we meet and exchange ideas on various subjects pertaining to our work, and no one who attends can go to his home without realizing that he has been many times benefited for the time consumed and expense incurred. ‘Our work was formerly in dealing with the diseases of do- mestic animals alone, but now we have a wider field, in the re- lationship of the various contagious diseases of animals to the human family—their transmissibility and prevention. ‘The investigations being made at the present time are of such a neture that we, as veterinarians, are every day assuming more responsible positions in sanitary and other matters in con- nection with our State and local boards of health. These are positions in which a man who is not thoroughly educated to his work, and conversant with the latest scientific discoveries, cannot be trusted. “There are inany times the health, and even the lives of an entire community, dependent upon his examinations and re- ports. We should, then, keep abreast of the times and favor higher education in our profession. “Not only should all veterinarians receive a thorough course of training in a well-equipped veterinary college, but our State laws should require the registration of all who wish to engage in the practice in the State, and contain provision for prosecution of all violators. Our present laws are not en- forced, because no one is paid to enforce them. Veterinarians in different sections of the State do not wish to prosecute their neighbors for violation of the law, for immediately the cry ‘ persecution’ is heard. ‘We should apply to the Legislature for an addition to our present law, creating an office, carrying with it the necessary appropriation for salary and expenses. “Tt should be the duty of this officer to investigate and prosecute, if necessary, any violations of the State law which may be brought to his notice. ‘This can be accomplished if we all ‘put our shoulders to the wheel,’ and never acknowledge defeat. If we fail before one Legislature, reorganize, and, Se a ee eee eae es ee are SOCIETY MEETINGS. aL profiting by the experiences gained in the past, prepare for the next one. “I hope to see the work started at this meeting. I would suggest that, before we adjourn, a committee be appointed to draft such a bill as meets the requirements of our Association ; send a copy to each member, and it should then be his duty to personally see his Representative and Senator and explain to him the necessity of such a law, and, if possible, secure his support. “Let us keep in touch with each other and in touch with our legislators, and I feel sure that success will crown our ef- forts. ‘Scientific research should also be encouraged. Appropria- tions for State work are needed, and we should make these the principal objects of our Association, for to these investigations and the work done by the State at its experimental stations, more than anything else, do we owe our elevation to position on sanitary questions and live-stock problems that are daily re- ferred to us. ‘Now is the time to act on these questions, and I trust that the twentieth meeting of the Ohio State Veterinary Medical Association will be referred to in the future as the meeting at which aggressiveness was infused into the work, and witha perfect organization, harmony in our ranks, and a spirit of de- termination that acknowledges no defeat, our Association will be in the near future a leader of all other sister associations affiliated with the national organization.” The Secretary presented his report, as follows: SECRETARY’S REPORT. “ Mr. President and Gentlemen :—Again we meet together in annuai session with the same disadvantage as last year in having no reduced railroad rates. This week of each year is known in Columbus as convention week, for between Tuesday and Friday several agricultural and kindred associations meet here, bringing to the city several hundred guests as members and delegates; and, it would seem that it would be to the city’s interest to obtain for this week half-fare railroad rates, which of itself would double the number of attendants at these meetings. Any of these associations would be granted one and one-third fare on the certificate plan, guaranteeing one hundred to be present and paying a special agent $6 a day besides. This would be practically impossible for any of them excepting, per- 1172 SOCIETY MEETINGS. haps, the State Farmers Institute and Agricultural Convention, but it looks to me that by united action of all these bodies and with the earnest assistance of the Columbus Board of Trade or Civic League, that railroads would for their own interest give convention week of 1904 one fare for the round trip. It is a well-known fact that other cities obtain just such concessions, with far less assurance of numbers. At our last session appropriate resolutions were adopted re- lating to the deaths of Prof. R. S. Huidekoper, of Philadelphia, Pa., and Dr. A. W. Clement, of Baltimore, Md. The committee furnished me with these resolutions, and you’have seen that they were incorporated into the records of our last session ; they were also published in the veterinary journals; but the copies mailed to the families of the deceased were both returned to me, one marked ‘no such name found in the directory,’ and the other simply ‘return to sender.’ I still have these copies in iy possession. You also instructed your Secretary to notify all members engaged in business contrary to the code of ethics, giving them the privilege of withdrawing their membership and if this was not done then to notify them to appear before you at this session and show cause why they should not be expelled. Members so engaged in business were notified, and as you know some withdrew their membership, but Dr. W. G. Jones, of Chillicothe, and Dr. Neil B. Jones, whose last known address was also Chillicothe, and who were both engaged in the manu- facture and sale of proprietary medicines, and advertising by means of posters, illustrated bills, their photographs, etc., took no notice of our communications, so were both mailed a notice requesting them to appear at this session and show cause as to why they should not be expelled. This is now left to you for your consideration and final action. We desire to call your attention to the following: 1st. We believe that you should instruct your Secretary as to some method to be followed in the collection of dues from delinquent members. 2d. We believe it a poor policy to use the Association’s money in continuing to invite to our sessions those who have been suspended from membership; for if suspended for cause, then you did not want them ; and if suspended for non-payment of dues, with only annual dues of $1.00, then they themselves were not much interested in the succees of the Association. 3d. Invitations foras many as ten consecutive years have been sent to some veterinarians and never once have they graced eae eee "se" | SOCIETY MEETINGS. EVs eur meetings with their presence; further invitations to these men I believed to be time and inoney wasted. 4th. Another class have annually been invited and for years have attended our sessions, but as yet no one has been asked to present their applications; some of us should at this session hint to them that it costs money to pay postage. The manufacturers of Red Ball Stock Food, the preparation whose advertisement in the AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW drew forth the criticism of this Association, have furnished us with - a number of sample packages of their goods, which you can take home and examine at your leisure. ‘Spratts Patent have also sent us fifty of their unique calendars to be distributed among . you. The Denver Chemical Co. have sent us four dozen boxes ef their Antiphlogistine, a preparation being used very exten- sively by the medical profession ; and you are each respectfully requested to use your sample and note its actions and utility as an addition to veterinary medicine. This year has been a fairly successful one for us, having five accepted applications for membership; $76 in fees and dues col- lected ; and an expense account of $39.50, leaving a balance in the treasury of nearly $400. Before concluding I may digress from a Secretary’s duty, and call your attention to something which more properly should eome under the jurisdiction of the Committee on Veterinary Progress. First.—Veterinary education by correspondence ; we had sup- posed some time ago that al] branches of education that could be included in the term correspondence schools had been ex- hausted; but in that we were mistaken, for now comes the *Correspondence School of Veterinary Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry,’ with headquarters at Carroll, Iowa, and presided ever by ‘Dr. S. H. Johnson, V.S., Member of the State Board of Veterinary Examiners, and Assistant State Veterinarian.’ They send out an attractive prospectus, telling you of the pleasant avocation of a veterinary surgeon ; of the great lack of sufficient numbers, as well as the fact that many veterinarians are earn- ing $3500 a year. They say they will train you to be a better veterinarian than your local professional, unless he is better than the average. They will teach you anatomy, surgery, dentistry, the uses and effects of medicine, and keep you abreast of the best thoughts of the veterinary profession. ‘Be your own ve/er- tmary’ is the title of the little book in which they tell you that their purpose is to provide instruction and guidance to those 1174 SOCIETY MEETINGS. who desire an education in veterinary medicine, surgery and dentistry. It tells you that a veterznary’s office is a poor place to study veterinary medicine, because such a large per cent. of them know and feel their incompetency. They offer to veterznaries unsurpassed facilities for review, for it is never too late to amend for past inefficiencies, so long as this correspondence school offers its help. They offer four courses of study. Fuirst.—A one-year course, which qualifies a man very thoroughly to treat his own stock (of course the dis- eases of his own stock would be different from those owned by other people). Second.—A two-year professional course, which covers the same ground as a two-vear veterinary college course, and qualifies a man in the technicalities of the profession. Third. —A post-graduate course, which is intended for ambitious pupils who wish in a pre-eminent way to qualify themselves. Fourth. —dA six-weeks course for horse-buyers, traders and such like. Their fees are $35.00 a course; but in a private letter they offer us zo per cent. discount for cash and give their word that no better rate will be offered; and also tell us, that their sys- tem is no longer an experiment; and if we can read and write intelligently we can do the work with them, and can remain at home attending to our regular work and become a well-to-do veterinarian by the investment of a few dollars, and a few hours of time each day. Do not delay about the matter, but act now. Gentlemen, just imagine yourselves, in the learning of veter- inary medicine, diagnosing by correspondence the sounds heard in the pleural cavity ; or in surgery, being taught the corre- spondence technique of performing vaginal ovariotomy ; or in dentistry, obtaining the correct correspondence method of ex- tracting the sixth upper molar. Shades of the departed Huide- koper, che mzlls of the gods grind slowly. Talk about the eleva- tion of the veterinary profession ; where is it, when one of those, honored by being classed as among its numbers, and selected by the laws of his State to act upon the qualifications and deter- mine on who is eligible to practice the veterinary art in that State, is the president and prime mover of a mail-order veter- inary help yourself ? Second.—This is on a brighter side of the professional by- way, and we desire to call your attention to an addition to vet- erinary literature which appeared a little over a year ago. The book is intended primarily for students ; but the busy prac- titioner who obtains a copy will soon find himself using it as a SOCIETY MEETINGS. 1175 handy book of reference. Its subject matter, one in which we are all intensely interested, is ‘Clinical Diagnostics;’ and diagnosis you well know is the most difficult part of veterinary medicine, yet upon its being correctly made rests the foundation of all intelligent treatment; so practical assistance in this line should be highly acceptable and appreciated. It is all that its name implies and much more; its first part being taken up in describing the different methods appearing in arriving at a cor- rect diagnosis, and then comes the classification of diseases with their symptoms. The diseases are arranged systematically, such as ‘Diseases connected with the respiratory organs, diseases connected with the digestive organs,’ etc., etc. Its practical conciseness and divestment of all superfluous descriptions and personal theories is well illustrated under the head ‘ Gastric and Intestinal Diseases of Cattle.’ Under this head is given Acute tympanitis; chronic tympanitis; dyspepsia; acute gastro- intestinal catarrh ; chronic gastro-intestinal catarrh; gut-ties ; Invagination of bowels ; licking disease of cattle and wool eat- ting of sheep. All these appear upon one page of the book ; condensed to nothing, some of you may say, but upon studying it you will find not one part of the necessary symptomatology lack- ing. The book is well bound, sufficiently illustrated, well printed on good papcr, and one of the beauties in its printing is the dif- ferent classes of type used, which not only rests the eye, but directs attention at once to the different phases of the work; and while it possibly contains more than its share of typograph- ical errors, this can readily be overlooked ; for its two hundred pages is a practical demonstration of much in little ; all in all, it is a veritable vade mecum of its subject, ‘ Clinical Diagnos- tics... The work was written by Prof. B. Malkmus, of Germany, and for its translation we must thank two of our Ohio col- leagues, Dr. David S. White, and Dr. Paul Fischer, of the College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University.” NOMINATION AND ELECTION OF OFFICERS. Next order of business was the nomination and election of officers to serve for the present year. Drs. Blattenburg, Carl, Cliffe and White were nominated for President and the contest was spirited, requiring five ballots to decide (two of which were ties), and resulting in the selection of Dr. Blattenburg. Drs. White and Carl were nominated for First Vice-Presi- dent, with Dr. White being selected. Dr. Hill was nominated for Second Vice-President, Dr. Carl for Third Vice-President, Dr. Hillock for Treasurer and Dr. Gribble for Secretary. 1176 SOCIETY MEETINGS. There being but one nominee for each of these respective offices, on motion the rules were suspended and the Secretary instructed to cast the ballot of the Association for their election. The Chair then declared the following to be officers-elect for the year 1903: President—J. H. Blattenburg, Lima. First Vice-President—D. S. White, Columbus. Second Vice-President—R. C. Hill, West Alexandria. Third Vice-President—L. W. Carl, Columbus. Treasurer—T. B. Hillock, Columbus. Secretary—Wm. H. Gribble, Washington C. H. Drs. Hillock and Gribble were each elected for the twelfth consecutive time. ; Ouite an amount of correspondence had been received, little of which required to be read to the Association. One, a letter from Dr. A. S. Cooley, of Cleveland, Ohio, inviting this Asso- ciation to attend the coming meeting of the American Veter- inary Medical Association to be held at Ottawa, Canada, Sept. Eto: PAPERS PRESENTED. The first paper on the programme was description of cases, entitled ‘‘ What is It,’* by Dr. I. A. Wynn. These cases were but little debated, it being thought Case III. was due to the poll-evil. The next paper, ‘‘ Examinations for Soundness,”* was read by Dr. H. Fulstow. This was debated by all, as to what constitutes soundness ; as to how a certificate should be worded; as to the responsibil- ity of the examiner, and for such an examination as described what should be the fee. Dr. F: F. Sheets described an interesting case of “‘ Azoturia with Albuminuria.”* Much interest was manifested in this case, as azoturia can always bring out a long-winded argument. The session now adjourned to meet at 7.00 P. M. EVENING SESSTON. Meeting called to order at 7.30 Pp. M. with Dr. F. E. Ander- son in the chair. Drs. Myers, Hill and Cliffe were appointed a committee to audit the books of the Association. The Committee on Veterinary Progress then offered the fol- lowing as their report : * Will be published in an early number of the REVIEW. ee ee SOCIETY MEETINGS. alae REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON VETERINARY PROGRESS. “ Education.—T lhe Committee is pleased to report advance- ment in the equipment, facilities and instructional features of the schools. The University of Pennsylvania expects to ex- pend $250,000 in replacing the veterinary plant recently razed to make room for another departmental building. Harvard in- tends to devote a portion of the $6,000,000 soon to be available for a new medical school, to a college of comparative medicine. Your State University has already begun rebuilding and re- equipping. By the opening of another academic year the Vet- eriuary Laboratory Building will be ready for use. It is to be a three-story structure and will contain the departments of anatomy, pathology, bacteriology, pharmacology, temporary quarters for surgery. When complete it will be for our pur- poses ideally arranged and adequate. When a new clinical building is constructed, the present antiquated hospital will be torn down. As yet, we are far from the desired goal in the matter of uniform matriculation requirements. The standards of no two schools are identical. There are two sorts of veteri- nary schools in the United States, the proprietary institution conducted largely on a commercial basis, and the State school, supported by the State and Nation. The motto of this latter institution should be to give to the student the best possible training without figuring the cost. Formerly, the: proprietary school was a rival of the State school, but gradually the time is coming when the former must obtain a constituency from a class of students unable to enter the better equipped college. Already three veterinary schools have intimated that they de- sire to lengthen the course of study from three to four years. This is a progressive movement of no small significance which, all else equal, should be fostered. Even a twenty- seven months’ course is far too short to permit the best possible undergraduate training. Even the proprietary schools have lengthened their courses from twelve to eighteen months. “ Titerature.—The veterinary literature in English has been augmented by the addition of new books worthy ‘of finding a place in our libraries. Unfortunately, some may think, the best of these are translations—mostly from the German. How- ever, except in the matter of a few details, they may be applied to our American conditions, and, used with judgment, will help place us a little nearer where we belong. Ina brief, general report of this kind the titles need not be mentioned, especially as any book seller’s catalogue contains them. 1178 SOCIETY MEETINGS. ‘State Vetertnartan.—During the last session of the Legis- lature, a bill was passed, transferring the duties of the State Live Stock Commission to the State Board of Agriculture. The Board has in its employ a veterinarian, whose work will speak for itself. This is a step in the right direction, but it is to be hoped that eventually the office of State Veterinarian will be created, and that ultimately this official will be furnished with every facility needful to carry on his work in efficient manner. ‘“ Government.—The Bureau of Animal Industry has been gradually perfecting its organization until now it is recognized the world over, not only as being up to the scientific standard of the times, but an authority on many scientific subjects. The chief disadvantage under which it labors just now is the low-sal- ary-limit evil, many of its most efficient employés yielding to | tempting offers elsewhere. It is to be hoped that those who have the power to remedy this evil will do so. “ Army.—In spite of the most strenuous efforts on the part of the Committee on Army Legislation of the American Veter- inary Medical Association, the position of army veterinarian is still an anomalous one. The rank of officer which is granted the veterinarians of the other armies in the world is denied to our representatives wearing Uncle Sam’s blue uniform. Lack of unity on this subject on the part of the profession, coupled with the prejudices nourished in the bosoms of legislators, is solely reponsible. The remedy is apparent. “ Sctence.—Surgery : Great advance has been made in sur- gery. The possibilities of antisepsis have rendered the per- formance of operations, formerly to be avoided on account of the high mortality they brought, matters of daily occurrence in rou- tine practice. The prejudice against antiseptic methods are happily on the wane. “ Medicine.—Especially along the line of infectious and con- tagious diseases has advancement been made. To be brief, many diseases formerly thought incurable yield more or less readily to modern ‘seruni-therapeutics,’ silver and iodine prepa- rations administered sub-cutaneously or intra-venously. The doctrine of immunity has been spreading until even tubercu- losis has been included within its possibilities. Dr. Pearson’s work in this particular field appeals to us from its originality and Americanism. “ Respectfully submitted, D. S. WHITE, ‘“ WALTER SHAW, “-G. W. CEIERE.” a> : : ; ="). _— = SOCIETY MEETINGS. 1179 This was followed by the Committee on Contagious Diseases offering two separate papers as a report. REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. ‘If the Committee on Contagious Diseases were to be ac- cused of gross neglect of duty, I am of the opinion that we would have to plead guilty. I think the fact of the matter was that Shepard left it to Burneson and Myers ; Burneson left it to Shepard and Myers, and the latter left it to Shepard and Burne- . son. Iexpected all the time that Dr. Shepard would act as chairman and with the assistance of the other two would write up a report. On Saturday last I received a communication — from Dr. Shepard stating that it would be impossible to prepare anything on the subject. Dr. Burneson, some time ago, ex- pressed a willingness to contribute his share, but I have not yet received his report. ‘The only way I could see out of the mud- dle was to jot down a few notes from what sources I had at hand, hoping in that way to bring out some discussion which might be of interest. As far as I am informed, the United States, and especially the State of Ohio, has been especially free from contagious diseases during the past year. “It is hardly necessary for me to dwell upon the recent out- break of foot-and-mouth disease in the New England States. The energy exercised by Secretary of Agriculture Wilson in his effective campaign against the disease is certainly to be commended. The affected animals, numbering about 1300, bave all been destroyed, and a thorough disinfection made in all the infected districts, except in a limited area in Massachu- setts. It is to be regretted that some of the owners of the dis- eased cattle in the yet infected districts, are trying to make money out of the epidemic by refusing the offer made by the Department of Agriculture, and are holding out for higher prices. The Department has not the power to enforce the slaughter of the diseased animals, but it has the power to effec- tively quarantine the localities which the owners refuse to allow to be cleaned up. The owners of the diseased animals have been reimbursed at 70% of the animals’ value if they were healthy. “Tetanus, which in some sections has caused serious losses, may, in most cases, be prevented by the use of antitetanic serum. The injection should be made early and repeated in eight to ten days, Prof. Labat says: ‘ Acute tetanus cases with rapid development, are fatal, and the serum powerless against them. Chronic eases which progress slowly seem to be influ- 1180 SOCIETY MEETINGS. enced by injections of serum, and recovery, if it takes place, oc- curs more rapidly.’ “The Koch theory in regard to tuberculosis seems to have died a natural death. Several investigators, viz., Drs. Pearson and Gilliland, of Pennsylvania, and Prof. Behring, of Berlin, Germany, have been conducting experiments with a view to discovering a method of immunizing cattle against tuberculosis. The work of Pearson and Gilliland seems to date the farthest back. We quote the following from the Breeders Gazette: ‘The process used was to inject into the vein of the animal to be protected, a small quantity of a suspension of tubercle bacilli non-virulent for cattle. This procedure, called vaccination, may be repeated several times, with gradually ascending quan- tities. The immediate effect is to produce a passing fever, fol- lowing each injection, which does not annoy the animal enough to cause it to lose a single meal. The general health is not dis- turbed by the process of vaccination. When the series of vac- cinations were pee the animal had an astonishingly high degree of immunity to tuberculosis.’ ‘““< Tn the last experiments completed four young cattle were used. - Two of these were vaccinated last March. All four were inoculated in July by injecting into the windpipe a quantity of culture of virulent tubercle. bacilli. A large quantity was in- troduced and each of the four animals received exactly the same treatment. ‘These animals were killed in October. It was found that the cattle that had not been vaccinated were exten- sively tubercular, showing alterations of this disease in the windpipe, lungs, throat and intestinal glands; while the two vaccinated animals, inoculated the same time from the same material and in the same way, were free from tubercular infec tion and were sotnd.’ ‘“No attempt has been made to canvass the State to ascer- tain where and to what extent contagious diseases exist. It is to be hoped that that will be brought out in the discussion that follows. The following contagious diseases have existed in the section in which we reside, viz., the southern part of the State, during the past year: Strangles and influenza, a few isolated cases. We had asmall outbreak of rabies, limited as far as I have learned to eight cases as follows: two horses, three cows, two dogs, and one cat. Hog cholera has made its appearance in afew herds. ‘This disease has not been so prevalent the past few years, which I think is partly due to the manner of hand- ling the hogs. The farmers do not keep their hogs, as they —————— SOCIETY MEETINGS. 1181 used to do, until they are a year or more old before they are fed out, but one might say they are put on full feed and kept that way from the time they are farrowed. If cholera makes its ap- pearance the farmer at once telephones the hog-buyer, who usually takes everything that can stand up and eat, and ships them to the nearest market. One of our farmers lost five young cattle in close succession with what we thought to be black-leg, but microscopic examination by the State Veterinarian failed to verify the diagnosis. Another disease which, while we think not contagious, might not be out of place here. We refer to scours in young calves. ‘This disease usually makes its appear- ance when the calf is from one to two days old, and if the ani- mal does not receive prompt attention it does not live to be- much older. We have made the following observations in re- gard to this disease. It almost exclusively attacks calves in dairy herds. It nearly always is found in herds where the cows have been fed on silage. It does not attack all herds that use silage. S. D. MYERS.” * * HAMMOND, IND., Jan. gth, 1903. Dr. S. D. Myers, Chairman of Committee on Contagious Diseases, Ohio State Veterinary Medical Association. Sr1r :—I respectfully submit the following report on an out- break of disease among cattle in Butler County, Ohio, investi- gated by Dr. J. H. Wilson, of Hainilton, O., and myself. J. C. BURNESON. “ August 29th, 1902, Dr. J. H. Wilson, of Hamilton, O., was called to visit the farm of Mr. Campbell, adjoining the city, and treat a valuable Jersey cow, which had taken suddenly iJ] at pasture. During the time this cow was sick, another became affected with apparently the same disease and died in a very short time. I was called in consultation, and together we close- ly watched the disease in different members of the herd, and as opportunities for post-mortem studies were available, they were fully utilized, and I will endeavor to relate as accurately as pos- sible the symptoms and post-mortem lesions. “ Symptoms.—Lauguid movements, straggling gait, poster- lorily, receding eye, erection of the coat, especially along the back, disinclination to move about much, and to-all appearance the animals seemed to be suffering from a severe headache, and within 24 hours would invariably be found in a recumbent pos- ition and unable to rise ;_ pulse in fair condition and tempera- 1182 SOCIETY MEETINGS. ture but slightly elevated until within six or eight hours before death, when it would ascend to 105°-6° F., and then recede as vitality diminished, death usually occurring within 36 or 48 hours after the first noticeable symptoms of the disease. Sev- eral cows were found dead in the field, the owner not having previous knowledge of their having been ill. Some cows were found down, no premonitory symptoms having been observed either by the owner or ourselves, as we visited the farm once aud sometimes twice daily and examined the entire herd at each visit. Eight cows died at the rate of one every other day. One which we supposed would die, aborted, and from that time im- provement was noticeable and she gradually recovered. Some developed symptoms of cerebral disturbance, several becoming frenzied, while others became comatose after recumbency. In several a bloody diarrhoea appeared in the first stages of the dis- ease. The owner suggested possible poisoning by some toxic plant, as the herd grazed in a field bounded on one side by the Miami River and on the other by a large hydraulic, and was covered by a luxuriant growth of a variety of weeds, but careful search failed to reveal anything of so poisonous a nature, but, nevertheless, the herd was immediately removed to other and more elevated land, without any noticeable change for the bet- ter; in fact, most of the cattle died after being removed from the low-land along the river. ‘““ dutopsy.—The liver showed indications of having been in an inflamed condition, and was quite friable in the majority of cases, so much so in several animals as to lead one to surmise that, had the disease been of longer duration, complete disinte- gration might have taken place ; diffused areas of variable sizes, of a darker color, were noticeable, appearing very much as though those parts had been in contact with other organs more acutely inflamed. In the darker colored livers, gas escaped in small quantities, upon incision. This condition of the liver was not constant, as several livers examined appeared to be ina perfectly healthy condition. ‘Another condition worthy of mention in connection with those livers most severely affected, was that of the bile, which appeared exactly as I have found in cases of Texas fever—that chewed-grass, slightly congealed condition. ‘The most marked and constant pathological condition found was that of the spleen, which, as a whole was dark in color, some having a dark mottled appearance, and slightly enlarged; there was complete disintegration of the spleen pulp, which, upon inci- SOCIETY MEETINGS. 1183 sion of the capsule, flowed out slowly, and in appearance very much resembled dark-colored apple-butter. “The kidneys were highly congested and friable, some be- ing quite as dark as the spleen. The urine contained in the biadder varied from a dark wine color to an inky blackness. ‘The contents of the omasum was very dry and hard. Ali viscera, except those mentioned, were, as far as careful micro- scopic examination revealed, in a perfectly healthy condition.. It is needless to state, we suspected anthrax after several autop- sies were held, and therefore proceeded to have careful micro- scopic examinations made of the affected viscera; these exaini-, nations were made by four different parties, one of which claimed positively to have found the Bacillus anthracis ,; this being a professor (whose name I cannot now recall) of Miami University, Oxford, O. ‘From one of the cows we removed sections of the spleen, liver, and kidneys and the tip of the ear, and expressed them immediately to the Division of Pathology, Bureau of Animal Industry, for examination, together with a full account of the disease. In securing these sections for bacteriological examina- tion, every precaution was taken to prevent contamination from without—forceps, knives, bottles and corks receiving a thorough sterilization. “Immediately upon sending the specimens and report to Washirgton, the owner being very anxious that something, as yet untried, be determined upon, an order was placed with the H. K. Mulford Co., for enough anthrax vaccine to inoculate the remaining members of the herd (14 1m number). Accord- ingly the vaccine was received and the cows inoculated Septem- ber 14th, followed by the second inoculation September 234d. No more sickness or death followed, and I recently received word from Dr. Wilson as follows :—‘ Several of them have since calved and are doing well. As to any conclusions, I still think it was anthrax.’” The following is a copy of the report from Washington : WASHINGTON, D. C., Oct. 13, 1902. Dr. J. H. Wilson, Hamilton, O. S1r :—In reply to your letter would say that the specimens taken from the cow and forwarded to this laboratory for examination, arrived in good condition. Cover-glass preparations were made at once, with the result that no germs were seen resembling anthrax bacilli. Tubes of culture media were inoculated from the liver and spleen, both of which showed an abundant growth. After careful examination, the different organisms were isolated by the plate method and experimental 1184 SOCIETY MEETINGS. animals were inoculated with the pure cultures. The only germ which caused any reaction in these animals was studied bacteriologically, and found to be the Bacillus pyvocyaneus, an organism occasionally found in animal tissues, but which has never been considered as a causative fac- tor in producing outbreaks of disease in the large domestic animals. We are at a loss to account for the disease, and would be pleased to re- ceive more specimens, if obtainable, taken from an animal immediately after death. The tissues may be wrapped in muslin or cheese-cloth saturated in a weak formalin solution or a five per cent. solution of car- bolic acid. If specimens of the affected organs several inches in diameter are treated in this manner and immediately expressed to us, the interior would possibly be in proper condition from which to obtain cea cultures. Very respectfully, A. M. FARRINGTON, Acting Chief of Bureau. “Under these circumstances, the questions arise: Was it anthrax or was it not? Had the disease spent itself or did the inoculations act as a preventive? That it was a contagious disease with which we had to deal, there is no doubt in my mind, and in spite of the negative results of carefully conducted bacteriological examinations, I cannot associate the symptoms and pathological conditions found with any other disease but that of an anthracoid type. “The conditions under which this herd was kept, precludes the idea of possible contamination by contact with other ani- mals on adjoining farms or along the roadside, as they were fully a quarter of a mile from the highway and were surrounded by fields belonging to the same farm. ‘The bottom-land upon which they pastured, has not been inundated since 1889. No similar disease had occurred,-as far as we could learn, in all the country round.” Considerable debate on the report of Dr. Burneson as to the cause of the outbreak. Anthrax being so easily determined microscopically, it was not thought possible to be that disease. The next paper was a ‘“‘ Report of Interesting Cases,” by Dr. Blattenburg.* Considerable talk was engaged in, in reference to both these cases, the first on account of the age of the patient and the second the novelty of the operation. We had a some- what similar case, but did not treat it nearly so well. We cut down on to the urethra some distance below the anus, put heavy catgut ligature around it, then slit it up about four inches, stitching its edges to the skin wound. The bull was not cas- trated, but fattened as rapidly as possible, and the thighs well oiled daily. He did well. * Will be published in an early number of the REVIEW. — so —~ (Oo ees ea SOCIETY MEETINGS. 1185 Dr. Sisson next read a paper ‘‘Some Notes on the Topo- graphical Anatomy of the Ox.’’* He showed that the relative positions of the stomachs, ceso- phagus, etc., were not in the living animal such as they are de- scribed in our text books. While discussing this, Dr. White cailed attention to several cases of traumatic indigestion of cattle, which had been oper- ated upon ; dispensing with the towel to prevent food dropping - into the abdominal cavity, and temporarily stitching the rumen to the skin wound. Under the title ‘“‘ Diagnostic Puzzles,”* Dr. Gribble reported . some interesting cases. In the talk that followed the writer received little or no information in reference to the case he was so much interested in. The Chair now appointed Drs. Shaw, Fair and Brumley a committee to which was referred the applications for member- ship, after which the remainder of the evening was taken up in general conversation, and reporting of cases; adjourning at II Pp. M. to meet at the Veterinary Hospital the next morning. WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 14, 1903. Meeting called to order in the operating room of the Veter- inary Hospital at 8.15 a. M. by President F. E. Anderson. Dr. Gribble gave notice, and Dr. Carl endorsed that at the next meeting of this Association they would present for endorse- ment or rejection the following amendment to the By-laws: “Art III. Sec. 2.—Applicants, residents of Ohio; must be legally eligible to practice ; in accordance with the laws of the State.” The committee on applications rendered their report, after which the following were elected to membership : Roy E. Davis (Ont. V. C., ’94), Toledo, O.; vouchers, F. E. Anderson and J. H. Blattenburg. I. A. Ruby (Ont. V.C., ’93), Plymouth, O. ; vouchers, H. Fulstow and Sydney D. Myers. N. Wells Hillock (C. V. C., ’02), Columbus, O. ; vouchers, W. E. Wight and W. R. Howe. Paul Fischer (Ohio S. U., Vet. Dept., °92), Columbus, O. ; vouchers, W. H. Gribble and O. V. Brumley. C. E. Leist (Ont. V. C.,’93), Columbus O. ; vouchers, L. W. Carl and W. H. Gribble. Two other applications were received ; but as the fees did * Will be published in an early number of the REVIEW. 1186 SOCIETY MEETINGS. not accompany the applications, the committee could not legally entertain them. The matter of W.G. Jones and Neil B. Jones, as per the Sec- retary’s report, was brought up and acted upon, neither being present. Motion was made, duly seconded, and more than two- thirds of the members present voting in the affirmative, the Chair declared them duly suspended from further membership, and the Secretary was instructed to so notify them. The following report was offered: ‘“ JAN. 14, 1903.—We, the auditing committee appointed to audit the books of the Secretary and Treasurer, beg leave to re- port as follows: Cash on hand at end of last meeting, $342.29. Cash received since last auditing, $76.00; expenses, $39.50. Total cash on hand, $378.79. ‘* SYDNEY D. MYERS, (ORs C4 Ears: p Commuttee.” SGA Wa Chane: Dr. Shepard gave us the history and expectations of the vet- erinary society of the city of Cleveland, one bright feature being that all the veterinary graduates of the city but one were asso- ciated with it; but we noticed the names of several who were not as yet members of this State Association. The officers for 1903 were now seated, and speech-making took up a few minutes’ time; after which President J. H. Blat- tenburg appointed the following STANDING COMMITTEES. | Contagious Diseases—-Paul Fischer, Walter Shaw, E. H. Shepard. Veterinary Progress—David S. White, W. R. Howe, F. F. Sheets. A general vote of thanks was adopted, including each and every one who participated in any way to the success of the session. For our semi-annual meeting place the cities of Urbana, Lima, Cleveland and Columbus were suggested, but in the rush and bustle of preparing for clinics the Secretary is still at a loss to know which city was decided upon; and the session adjourned, as the time for clinics had arrived and were to be held in the room in which we were then. Several cases were reported during the session by the younger members of the profession, but for some reason were very little debated. This is not very encouraging and does not offer to them much stimulus to keep notes of cases for future meetings. SOCIETY MEETINGS. 1187 The clinics were held in the operating-room of the Univer- sity Veterinary Hospital. Among the operations were: Me- dian neurectomy, by Dr. Blattenburg ; tibial neurectomy, by Dr. Wight ; cunean tenotomy, by Dr. Anderson ; peroneal ten- otonly, ‘by Dr. Myers; dentistry, by Dr. Newton ; casting a horse, chloroforming a “horse, spay ing a bitch, demonstrating ga canine operating table, etc., ete. About 3 P. M. most of us began wending our way home- - wards, feeling well repaid for attending the twentieth annual session of the Ohio State Veterinary Medical Association. W. H. GRIBBLE, Secretary. MINNESOTA STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSO- CIATION. The sixth annual meeting convened at the new Veterinary Building, State Experimental Farm, St. Anthony Park, 1.30 P. M., Jan 15th, 1903. The President, Dr. Lyford, Minneapolis, inthe chair. At roll- call the following veterinarians answered to their names: Drs. Lyford, Brimhall, Annand, Sexton, Butler, Minneapolis ; Price, St. Paul; Reynolds, State Experimental Farm, St. An- thony Park; Youngberg, Lake Park; McKenzie, Northfield ; Ward, St. Cloud; Gould, Worthington ; Gould, Fairmont ; Lyon, Hutchinson ; Peters, Litchfield ; Lees, Red Wing ; Whit- comb, Austin; La Pointe, Le Sueur; McDonald, Brainard ; Lambert, St. Peter; Illstrup, Wilmar ; Shore, Lake City. The President, Dr. Lyford, instead of delivering an address as is usual on such occasions, reviewed the work of the local committee of arrangements for the entertainment of the A. V. M. A. during the meeting in Minneapolis in September last. He also commented on the criticisims of the A. V. M. A. meet- ing by one of the veterinary journals. The Treasurer’s report was read and accepted. The appli- cats for membership were Drs. Christianson, Luverne ; David- son, Grand Forks, N. D.; Mack, Stillwater. They were unan- imously elected and admitted to membership in the Associa- tion. The reports of committees were as follows: Colleges—Dr. Peters failed to make any report. /7/ectzous Diseases—Dr. Annand read quite a lengthy report reviewing the work done by the Veterinary Department of the State Board of Health. Bacterzology—Dr. Brimhall gave quite a compre- 1188 haar SOCIETY MEETINGS. hensive review of the work done by the Bacteriological Depart- ment of the State Board of Health, particularly regarding the diseases ‘‘Swamp Fever” and ‘“ Hemorrhagic Septiceemia.” Surgery—Dr. Hay being absent no report was offered. MMea?- cine—Dr. Price failed to make any report on the above subject. Legislation and Empirics—Dr. Ward, Chairman of Committee on Legislation and Empirics, gave a report on the prosecution of an empiric in the St. Paul Municipal Court, who escaped con- viction on a technicality and insufficient evidence. Has an- other case pending at Twin Valley. Dr. Ward suggested the following amendments to the Veterinary law, pertaining to the Board of Examiners: (1) All candidates presenting themselves for examination must be graduates of three-year schools. (2) Changing the dates of the meetings of the Examining Board to conform to those of the Association. (3) To increase the fee for examination from $5 to$25. He alsosuggested the passage of a law to grant compensation to owners for the destruction of horses suffering from glanders. Meeting adjourned for supper. . Meeting was again called to order at 7.30 P. M., when a dis- cussion of Dr. Ward’s report took place. Dr. Reynolds moved that Dr. Ward’s recommendations, except the one relating to three-year graduates, be adopted. This was seconded by Dr. Gould and carried. The Association then proceeded to the election of officers for the ensuing year, resulting in the following selections : President—Dr. K. J. McKenzie, Northfield. First Vice-President—Dr. H. C. Lyon, Hutchinson. Second Vice-President—Dr. R. La Pointe, Le Sueur. Secretary-Treasurer—Dr. J. S. Butler, Minneapolis. Trustees—Drs. J. W. Gould, Fairmont; S. D. Brimhall, Minneapolis; H.C. Peters, Litchfield. Dr. W ard moved that the thanks of this Association be ex- tended to the Local Committee of Arrangements, who did so much to make the late ineeting of the A. V. M. A. such a suc- cessful one. To the Commercial Club of Minneapolis for the liberal finan- cial assistance and other courtesies shown the Local Committee of Arrangements. ‘To the State Board of Health and Dean Lig- ett and associates at the Experimental Farm for their assistance rendered the Local Committee. The Secretary was instructed to convey the thanks of the Association to the above organizations. The Secretary was in- ee ee ee, ee ee SOCIETY MEETINGS. 1189 structed to send a copy of the resolutions drawn by a special committee to Dr. Frank, of Warren, upon the death of his wife. A paper was then read by Dr. Butler, of Minneapolis, on “A cute Indigestion in the Horse,”* which excited quitea lengthy discussion. Dr. Brimhall, Minneapolis, then read a paper entitled ‘‘ Some Impressions Gained while in Chicago at the Live-stock Show and in the East while Visiting the Locality Infected with Foot- - and-Mouth Disease.”’ Meeting adjourned until 9 A. M. to-morrow. On Jan. 16th, at g A. M., the Association reconvened with . the newly elected President, Dr. McKenzie, in the chair. Dr. Youngberg read a paper on ‘“ Inversion of the Uterus in Mares.”* Quite a discussion followed, especially regarding the method employed in returning the inverted uterus. Dr. Gould, Worthington, read a paper entitled ‘Some Puz- zling Cases Occurring in Cattle.’* Dr. Reynolds thought the symptoms were similar to those of the cattle affected at the State Farm, but the disease was less virulent. Probably cerebro- spinal form of heemorrhagic septicaemia. Dr. Cook, Duluth, read a paper on ‘ Purpura Heemorrhag- jen.” Quite a spirited discussion followed regarding the punc- turing of the swellings advocated by the author. The members were divided as to this plan of treatment, except in cases where swellings of the nose threaten suffocation. Meeting adjourned for dinner. The meeting was again called to order at 1.30 P. M., Dr. Mc- Kenzie in the chair. Dr. Lyford read a paper on the “ Mechanical Treatment of Pleurisy,” demonstrating the manner of applying the splints, girths, etc., on the animal. Considerable discussion followed. Members were divided in opinion as to the necessity of such appliances in the horse. Dr. Lyford exhibited one of his horses operated upon at a former clinic for enlarged burse of the hind fetlock. This operation, considered so radical by some of our Eastern veteri- narians, was certainly a decided success on this animal. Was very lame and bursz of considerable size before operating. Now has entirely recovered fromr the lameness, and the enlargement scarcely noticeable. Moved and seconded that the place of meeting in July be * Will be published in an early number of the REVIEW. J190 SOCIETY MEETINGS. left to the Board of Trustees and executive officers of the Asso- ciation. Meeting then adjourned for the clinic. The clinic was ar- ranged by Drs. Reynolds and Brimhall, and consisted of the fol- lowing cases: Plantar neurectomy, Drs. Whitcomb and Young- berg; median, Drs. Reynolds and Youngberg; poll-evil, Drs. Gould and Youngberg ; anal fistula in a mare, Drs. Butler and Christianson; trephining superior maxillary sinus, Drs. Lees and Peters: J. S. BUTLER, Sec y-Treas. CENTRAL CANADA VETERINARY ASSOCIATION: Ata well-attended meeting of the veterinary practitioners of the City of Ottawa and vicinity for the purpose of perfecting arrangements for the entertainment of the American Veterinary Medical Association at its fortieth annual meeting, to be held during the first week in September next, the Central Canada Veterinary Association was launched. Through the courtesy of the city, which is doing everything in its power to make the coming meeting of the A. V. M. A.a grand success, this meeting of the veterinarians of Ottawa and vicinity was held in the City Hall on Thursday evening, February 5th. The veterinarians present were :—Drs. Higginson, Rockland ; Lynchke, Carp; McGuire, Cornwall; Young, Cobden; Young, Merrickville; Young, Almonte; Allen, Brockville; Irvine, Maxwell ; Rutherford, Harris, White, James, Higgins, Hollings- worth, Hopkins and Boucher, of Ottawa. The meeting was called to order by Dr. A. W. Harris, the chairman of the previous meetings held by the city practitioners. Dr. W. W. Boucher read the minutes of the meetings that those attending might become acquainted with the steps already taken toward a concerted action for the entertainment of the AL WeeNieoAs Dr. J. G. Rutherford explained in detail his visit to Minne- apolis, at which time he invited the A. V. M. A. to hold its next annual meeting at the Canadian Capital; the proposition being heartily supported and unanimously received by them. He also explained the present status of the veterinary profession in Canada, and that, with the exception of Manitoba, where there has been an exceedingly strong association for fourteen years, which association has been the means of getting through the Legislature of that Province the strongest bill regulating the practice of veterinarians enjoyed by any such body in the world ; sé thee ty > eae cee | 65) Ow eee Soe =— -—s = sen? .) ee mh aime Tacs *.* 0 aor SOCIETY MEETINGS. 1191 and Quebec, where an association was formed last year which succeeded in obtaining legislation and which is this year en- deavoring to strengthen its existing legislation. Dr. Rutherford explained that while an association here in this section would be unable to take active steps in obtaining legislation, its salutatory influence would be beneficial in stimu- lating and encouraging the existing veterinary associations in both the Provinces of Ontario and Quebec to a more concerted action. Active discussion followed, in which each veterinarian pres- ent took an active part, all agreeing that the time was oppor- tune for effective work toward organization and the stimulation — of a more friendly feeling among the members of the profes- sion. Dr. Rutherford moved that we proceed to form an associa- tion of the veterinarians of Ottawa and vicinity, to be called “The Central Canada Veterinary Association.” The motion was seconded by Dr. White and unanimously carried without further discussion. After the naming of the association the next step was the election of officers as follows: Honorary President—Dr. J. G. Rutherford, Ottawa. President—Dr. A. W. Harris, Ottawa. Vice-President—Dr. T. A. Allen, Brockville. Secretary-Treasurer—Dr. W. W. Boucher, Ottawa. After some discussion it was decided that a Board of Direc- tors was essential, the Board to consist of the President, Vice- President, Secretary-Treasurer and eight additional members tu be elected by the Association, the following being unanimously chosen :—Drs. Lynchke, Carp; W. C. Young, Almonte ; F. Fisher, Carleton Place ; W. C. McGuire, Cornwall ; A. E. James, Ottawa ; G. W. Higginson, Rockland; J. B. Hollingsworth and C. H. Higgins, Ottawa. It was decided that the Executive Committee should consist of the Ottawa members of the Board of Directors for the sake of convenience in the holding of meetings. Dr. C. H. Higgins was elected as official reporter. The Executive Committee was directed to prepare the Con- stitution and By-laws of the Association to be submitted to the Board of Directors for approval, said Constitution and By-laws to be presented to the next meeting of the Association. During the discussion relative to the drawing up of the By-laws inquiry was made as to eligibility for membership in the Association. This 1192 SOCIETY MEETINGS. matter of eligibility of membership was left wholly with the Executive Committee and all applications for membership should be passed upon by this body before being presented to the As- sociation. A motion of thanks was extended to Dr. Rutherford for his service to the profession of Canada in inviting the American Veterinary Medical Association to hold its next meeting in Ot- tawa, and the interest he has taken, not only in the formation of the Central Canada Veterinary Association, but in matters pertaining to the advancenient of the profession throughout the whole Dominion. Unanimously carried. The date of the next meeting was set for Easter Monday evening, April 13th, 1903, at 7.30 Pp. M., in the City Hall, Otta- wa, which it is expected will be largely attended by local veter- inarians. On motion of Dr. James, the meeting adjourned. CONNECTICUT VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSO- CEA LEG Ne The annuai meeting was held at Hotel Hartford, Hart- ford, Tuesday, February 3, 1903, aid was opened at 3.20 P. M., with First Vice-President Dr. H. Whitney in the chair. The following members were present: Drs. E. C. Ross, J. H. Gard- ner, H, Whitney, H. EE. Bates, J. E:° Underhill; Wy; Be jadson. Geo. T. Crowley, F. G. Atwood, P. F. Finnegan, B. K. Dow and F. A. Ingram. Visiting veterinarians: Drs. Chas. L. Col- ton and C. EK. Dornheiim. The report of the Secretary and of the Treasurer were read and voted to be accepted. As there was not a quorum of the Board of Censors present, upon motion of Dr. Ross it was voted that the President appoint members present to fill the vacancies. The President appointed Drs. 1, B. Judson and J. EK. Underhill. The Secretary presented the names of the following veteri- narians for membership in the Association: Geo. W. Loveland, of Torrington, graduate C. V. C., class ’94, and member of the A. V. M. A.; Fred F. Bushnell, of Winsted, graduate N. Y. S:.V: C.,°023 CE. Dornheim, of New Loudon, graduate C. V. C., class ’02, and Chas. L. Colton, of Hartford, graduate of Veterinary Department University of Pennsylvania, class ’or. These names were referred to Board of Censors for their action. The Board reported they found all applicants eligible SOCIETY MEETINGS. 1193 and recommended that they be elected to membership in the Association. It was voted to suspend the by-laws, and the appli- cants were unanimously elected to membership in the Association. The following officers were unanimously elected for the en- suing year: President—Dr. Harrison Whitney, of New Haven. First Vice-President—Dr. Thomas Bland, of Waterbury. Second Vice-President—Dr. J. E. Underhill, of New London. Secretary—Dr. B. K. Dow, of Willimantic. ‘Treasurer—Dr. E. C. Ross, of New Haven. Board of Censors—Drs. H. E. Bates, of So. Norwalk; F. A. Ingram, of Hartford; R. D. Martin, of Bridgeport; F. S. Mc- Guire, of New Britain, and L. B. Judson, of Winsted. The Secretary brought up the subject of having the meet- ings begin early in the day, and material provided for a good clinic in connection with it. The matter was discussed at some length by most of those present. Dr. Ross extended a cordial invitation to the members to hold the next meeting in New Haven at his hospital, and he would have material ready for clinic and operations. Dr. At- wood extended an invitation to visit his hospital and use his new operating table. It was voted to hold the next meeting at Dr. Ross’s hospital, in New Haven, August 18th, 1903, at Io o’clock A. M. Upon motion made by Dr. Ingram, seconded by Dr. Colton, it was voted that the following New Haven veterinary surgeons act as a committee to provide ample material for a clinic and to select operators and make all arrangements for the meeting: Drs. E. C. Ross, H. Whitney, F. G. Atwood and J. H. Kelley. Upon motion made by Dr. Atwood, seconded by Dr. Ingram, it was voted that the Committee of Arrangement extend a special invitation to Dr. Bland, of Waterbury, to be present at the next meeting and perform one or more operations. The Secretary presented the names of Drs. R. P. Lyman and N. S. Mayo, who having moved from the State and wished to resign as members of the Association. Dr. Ross said these two members had done a great amount of work for the Associa- tion and were very instrumental in its reorganization, and thought as a matter of respect and courtesy to these two mem- bers, their names ought to be placed on the roll of honorary membership in the Association, and made a motion to that ef- fect. After considerable discussion the motion was put and voted down. 1194 SOCIETY MEETINGS. Dr. F. G. Atwood read a paper on “‘ Technique of Veteri- narians’ Operating Rooms and Equipment.” He also showed several photographs of his new operating table, and explained its work and advantages. Dr. Dow read a paper on ‘‘Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis,” which elicited much discussion upon the subject, and gradually drifted into a lively and interesting discussion of glanders and tuberculosis. The hour being so late, it was decided to leave the subjects © selected for discussion over to the next meeting. The subjects were azoturia, canine distemper and scrotal hernia. At 7-0 clock it was voted that the meeting adjourn. Base Dow, Secretary. ALLEGHENY COUNTY VETERINARY MEDICAL AS- SOCIATION. Vice-President Rectenwald presided over a large and en- thusiastic meeting at the office of Dr, J. EK. Spindler, on the evening of Jan. 28th. Members present: Drs. Ainsworth, Boyd, Gearhart, Gilmor, McNeil, Rectenwald, Richards, Spindler, Spohn, ‘Taylor, Waugh. Visitors: Drs. Bittles and Porter, of New Castle; Hoskins, of Philadelphia ; Laberg, of Beaver Falls; Jones, of Pittsburgh ; Magee, of Uniontown ; Prothero, of Johnstown : W. Ae Waugh, of Washington, and Weitzel, of Allegheny, Pa. Dr. Geo. Magee read a well- prepared paper on “ Animal Life in the Coal Mines,” especially those stabled down in shaft coal mines. Discussion by Drs. Rectenwald, McNeil, W. J. Waugh, Weitzel, Laberg and J. A. Waugh. Dr. W. B. Prothero reported an operation in tri-facial neu- rectomy, followed by much swelling and irritation of the lips and lower part of the head, which did not yield readily to treat- ment, but appeared to abate or recover spontaneously on the fourth day after operation. This is the Prof. W. L. Williams’ operation for involuntary head-shaking, and proved successful and the patient remained under observation about fifteen months. ‘This subject proved so interesting that many ques- tions were asked and answered and nearly everyone present took part in the discussion. Dr. C. Z. Laberg reported having treated twenty-eight cases of tetanus in horses with Mulford’s antitoxin and having lost no cases since using it. This is a remarkable clinical experi- ence illustrating the value of serum treatment. SOCIETY MEETINGS. 1195 Dr. N. Rectenwald made some practical remarks on obstetrics and modern surgery ; exhibited his obstetric outfit and showed some recently perfected instruments. Dr. D. C. Gearhart made a stirring address on prosecution of illegal practitioners, and incidentally made some strenuous remarks on our duties to ourselves and fellow practitioners, with charity toward the poor and prompt collection of fair-sized bills from the rich. Friendly discussion prevailed. Dr. W. Horace Hoskins imade one of his characteristic addresses on the practi- . tioner, the public and the veterinary profession—in their various relations. A spirit of good fellowship and conversation prevailed, and the Association was reorganized, enlarged and will be perfected at a special meeting on Feb. r1th. JAMES A. WAUGH, V. S., Secretary. RHODE ISLAND VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIA- TION. A meeting of veterinary surgeons of Providence and other sections of the State was held in the Hotel Dorrance, January 27, for the purpose of organizing a Rhode Island Veterinary Medical Society, and the promoters of the new organization are planning to secure the enactment of a State law regulating the practice of veterinary medicine and surgery. There are 20 or more regularly graduated veterinarians in the State. It is proposed to eventually secure the passage of a law regulating practice, and the Legislature wil] be asked to enact a law prohibiting the practice of veterinary medicine and surgery by those not possessed of a diploma as evidence of pro- per training unless they have been regularly engaged in prac- tice as veterinarians for a period of five years preceding the passage of the proposed act. The meeting was called to order by Dr. L. T. Dunn. One of the first matters of business was the election of officers, which resulted as follows: President—A. T.- Parker. First Vice+President—L. T. Dunn. Second Vice-President—J. S. Pollard. Secretary—T. E. Robinson, of Westerly. Treasurer—J. T. Cunningham. Executive Committee—Drs. Dunn, Fry, Richardson, Bert- ran, Monahan, McLaugblin and Tucker. 1196 SOCIETY MEETINGS. The members of the Executive Committee will draw up a set of by-laws to be presented at the next meeting of the or- ganization. At present the social features of the Association are said by members to be the principal benefits to be derived. No legislative action was taken at this meeting. Goy. Garvin was, as a practicing physician, made an honor- ary member of the society. eT. DONNY a! MISSOURI VALLEY VETERINARY ASSOCIATION. The regular session was held at the Kansas City Veterinary College, Jan. 14, 1903. Special sessions were held at 10 A. M. by the resident members of the State of Kansasand at 2.30 P. M. by the resident members of Missouri, to discuss legislation fav- orable to veterinarians. Bills for presentation tothe Legislature were drafted at each session. At 7.30 Pp. M., Dr. L. D. Brown called the Association to order, when the following papers were read : Dr. Frank Winant, ‘‘ Glanders, with Report of Outbreak.” The discussion was animated, Drs. Moore, Stewart, Dalrymple and Peters participating. Dr. H. R. McNally, ‘‘ Incidents in Federal Quarantine Con- trol of Sheep Scab.” The discussion by Drs. Parker and Steele was very interesting. Dr. Arthur Trickett, “Complications in Shipping Fever in ses.”’ It was ably discussed by Drs. McClelland and Goode. Dr. S. Stewart, ‘‘ Cardiac Thrombosis.’’ ‘The discussion was resting, by Drs. Peters and Dalrymple. The Association received Drs. H. R. McNally, of Kansas 1, Mo.; Frank I. Winant, Kansas City,Mo.; T. W. Hadley, Kansas City, Kan., and W. T. King, Olathe, Kan., as members. W. R. Cooprr, Sec’ y-Treas. MAINE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. The quarterly meeting was held at Hotel North, Augusta, January 14th, 1903, with a good attendance. The minutes of the last meeting were read and approved. On motion by Dr. Joly, the Association voted to place the naine of Dr. F. S. Stevens on our honorary list, and the Secre- tary was instructed to so inform him. The Chairman of the Legislative Committee reported that in their opinion it would be unwise to present a Veterinary Bill before this session of the Legislature, and the Association de- SOCIETY MEETINGS. 1197 cided to act upon their advice, and to await a more favorable opportunity, when, our plans being more perfect, greater influ- ence might be brought to bear and thereby chances of success increased. A motion was made and carried, instructing the Secretary to cast one vote for each officer of the preceding year, to service for another term, and he so doing the officers were declared duly elected. The Association then had the pleasure of listening to an ad- dress by Dr. Salley, who had served faithfully as President for the preceding year. He gave the members some good sound ad- vice, and spoke of the formation of the Association and its many trials and tribulations, and asked the members to bind them- selves together and work earnestly for the advancement of the Association and their profession. Dr. Salley also read a very interesting paper on “The Use of Anzesthetics,” which called forth a good deal of applause, and it certainly showed a good deal of work on the part of the doctor. Dr. Joly read a very practical paper on “The Foot-and- Mouth Disease,” which was freely discussed by members pres- ent. Dr. Joly then announced that he was a candidate for the position of inember of the State Board of Cattle Commissioners, which at the present time has no veterinarian on its stafi, and asked for the indorsement of the Association. The Association has always considered that the presence of a veterinarian on the State Board of Cattle Commissioners was an actual necessity for the public welfare, and voted to heartily indorse the candi- dacy of Dr. Joly and to give him all the help in thetr power. The Associatiou decided to meet in Waterville, April 8th, 1903, and adjourned at a late hour, after enjoying a very interesting and instructive meeeting. CHESTER L. BLAKELY, M. D. V., Secretary. AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. President Stewart has appointed the following as a Commit- tee on Local Arrangements for the meeting of the American Veterinary Medical Association to be held at Ottawa, Sept. 1-4, 1903: Dr. J. G. Rutherford, Chairman, Ottawa; Dr. C. H. Hig- gins; Dr. Wm. Jakeman, Halifax; Dr. G. Alarie, Comte 1’As- somption, Quebec; Dr. D. King Smith, Ontario; Dr. F. Tor- rance, Manitoba; Dr. J. B. Hart, British Columbia. 1198 NEWS AND ITEMS. NEWS AND ITEMS. Dr. FRANK C. WELLS, State Veterinarian of Michigan, has moved from Warren to Salini. Dr. DILLARD RICKETTS, formerly of Plattsburg, Mo., has established himself in the livery business in Kansas City. Dr. W. A. NIxon, of Kansas City, has disposed of his in- terests in the firm of Nixon & Gatchell, to Dr. H. B. Crosby. Dr. Nixon expects to retire from veterinary practice. Dr. THomas W. WATSon has removed from St. Joseph, Mo., to Tyler, Texas. The doctor has selected a southern cli- mate for the benefit of the health of himself and family. Dr. G. A. JOHNSON, of Sioux City; Dr. J. J. Repp, Ames, Ja. ; Dr. W,.H.. Dalrymple, of..Baton Rouge; La., aud Dregs: Stewart, of Kansas City, Mo., presented papers before the Ne- braska Live Stock Association held at Lincoln during the third week in January. Dr. W. H. DALRYMPLE, Baton Rouge, La., spent several days in Kansas City, in January, in attendance at the National Live Stock Convention. The doctor is a member of the Exe- cutive Committee of that body. He read a paper during the imeeting*on ‘‘ Sanitary Control of Infectious Diseases.” Drs. C. J. SIHLER and S. Stewart, of Kansas City; C. B. McClelland, of Lawrence, and W. H. Richards, of Emporia, were at Topeka, Kansas, during February in the interests of veterinary legislation. At this writing the outlook is encourag- ing for the passage of the veterinary law. FRANKLIN P. ROBERGR, D. V. S., of New York City, is su- ing the estate of the late Robert Bonner for $100,000 for treat- ing his horses from 1876 until the date of his death, a few years ago, and also ‘for teaching him all he knew about horseman- ship.” Mr. Bonner made claim to being an expert on the foot of the horse; but.in the opinion of many who were cognizant of his cruelty with the drawing-knife, “all he knew” would bring a very small verdict to the complainant- OREGON ASKING FOR A PRACTICE ACT.—We have received from Dr. D. D. Keeler, of Salem, Oregon, a copy of Senate Bill No. 74, entitled ‘A Bill for an Act Regulating the Practice of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery.” Ina note accompanying it the doctor says: ‘‘ We are in the midst of an effort to get a bill through the Legislature regulating the practice of veteri- nary medicine and surgery. ‘The bill was formulated, with per- haps a little outside help, by Dr. W. M. McLean, State Veteri- NEWS AND ITEMS. 1199 narian. I think it is not all he or the rest of us could wish, but we thought probably it was as good as we could now get through. There is a good prospect for it to pass the House. We may be disappointed, but I think not.” Section 6 has this provision: ‘It shall be the duty of this board to examine diplomas of applicants for license to practice veterinary medi- cine and surgery or dentistry, so as to enable him to practice the same, and if upon examination he shall show that he pos- sesses sufficient knowledge of the subject to practice, he shall be granted a license to practice, signed by the president and sec- retary of said board. Such examination to be written or oral, or both. The board shall also issue licenses to practice veteri- nary medicine and surgery or dentistry to any holder of a gen- uine diploma from any college of good standing authorized to grant diplomas, unless they should deem it necessary that such applicant should pass the required examination. All licenses shall be good for four years from the date thereof, and all per- sons receiving a license to practice veterinary medicine and sur- gery or dentistry from this board shall have a right to do so during the time mentioned in said license. AIl applications for license to practice veterinary medicine and surgery or dent- istry in this state shall be made to the board inside of six* days after the board has been appointed by the Gover Thereafter no person shall so practice until he has first obt¢ a license from the board in accordance with the provisic this Act.” Section 9 is as follows: ‘ Nothing in thf shall be construed to prohibit any person from practicim erinary medicine and surgery or dentistry on any anima longing to himself or herself or for gratuitous services b, friend, and if in any locality remote from a duly licensed ve erinary surgeon there be a person who has good, practical D> > « knowledge of the treatment of the ordinary diseases common to animals, he shall be granted a permit by said board to practice in that particular locality, by obtaining a petition signed by fif- teen responsible stockmen residing thereat, and that said per- mit shall specify the locality outside of which it shall be un- lawful for them to practice : Provided, no such permit shall be grauted where a duly licensed veterinary surgeon resides; And provided further, that said person applying for such permit shall pay a fee of $5 to said board, said fee to accompany such application. This act shall not apply to commissioned veteri- nary surgeons of the United States army unless they enter into a general practice.”’ “ Goubaux and Barrier’s ‘‘The Exterior of the Horse, ”? published by the PUBLISHERS’ DEPARTMENT. Subscriplion price, $3 per annum, invariably in advance; foreign countries, $3.60; students while attending college, $2, single copies, 25 cents. Rejected manuscripts will not be returned unless postage ts yorwarded. Subscribers are earnestly requested to notify the Business Manager immediately upon changing thetr wddress. + Alex. Eger, 34 East Van Buren St., Chicago, [ll., Veterinary Publisher and dealer in Veterinary Instruments, Books, and Drugs, ts the authorized agent for the REVIEW 72 Chicago and the Middle West, and will receive subscriptions and advertisements at publishers’ rates. ALTHOUGH Antiphlogistine found its first field of usefulness in the hands of the practitioner of human medicine, it has found its REAL FIELD OF USEFULNESS IN THE HANDS OF THE VETERINARY PRACTI- TIONER. In this field it fills a place from which, now that its worth has been made manifest, it cannot be spared. It is in daily and hourly de- mand by the veterinarian, as he passes from a case of ‘‘acute tendon- itis ’’ to one of painful ‘‘ periostitis,’’? and on to one of swelling of the glands in the intermaxillary space, or a painful enlargement between the point of the shoulder and the pectoral region, due to an ill-fitting collar; or it may be a case of common ‘‘scratches,’’ painful, offensive, and rebellious to treatment; and soin his rounds he passes from race stable to draft horse and business horse, and in each instance finds de- mands for Antiphlogistine, and in each instance Antiphlogistine satisfies demands. And if we followed the veterinarian into his field of ca- — Y ractice, we would find just as numerous indications for this excel- ‘oduct, advertised on page 5 (ad. dept.). DEPARTMENT has on different occasions called the attention of w readers to the great debt of gratitude they owe to publishers of inary works for placing at their disposal the many excellent books topics veterinary ; but we desire on this occasion to call attention to « ‘‘masterpiece ’’ in. this line, in Dr. Simon J. J. Harger’s Translation of the well-known house of J. B. Lippincott Co. They also have othe attractions advertised on page Ig (ad. dept.). WESTERN VETERINARIANS will be pleased to see the card of one of their representative supply houses, Sharp & Smith, at the top of page 6 (ad. dept.), of their favorite veterinary magazine. REVIEWS WANTED. The Publishers will pay 25 cents a piece for any of the following: January and April, Ig01; January and February, 1902; December, 1899; September, 1898 ; and March, 1896; and 50 cents a piece for September and October, 1900, Address: | Robert W. ELtis, D. V. S., Business Manager, 509 W. 152d Street, New York. ; ry itn, a A “tiv ve ee ee ae Ne _— wow SF American Veterinary 601 Medical Association AS Journal cop.2 Biological & Medical Serials PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET ne EEEEEEEEREERn UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY STORAGE , yr s WI Fa ied BOUT EIT OT tt ery variety ae a ie Potato ee irae fe ( ; ‘ Ped PHEW ENS u Ma velar re vias : an " nee iby \ Kip! ie iN yi ean bihy ATP RT tb a i if mith | i) Wh the at ey St ite # tt ft RY ‘ wt wo i es ie Ray h Hi poy i) TUR re nt M Lassen, i} PLR os B ie een 8 a. 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