THE VIRGINIA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE A JOURNAL ISSUED QUARTERLY BY THE VIRGINIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE Vol. 12, New Series September, 1961 No. 4 VoL. 12, New Series No. 4 September, 1961 THE VIRGINIA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE Published Four Times a Year In January, April, July, and September, by The Virginia Academy of Science Printed by The Bassett Printing Corporation, Bassett, Virginia CONTENTS Pages Committee Reports . 122 Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Annual Meeting . 143 List of Members . 213 EDITORIAL BOARD Robert D. Ross, Editor Robert Krai, Managing Editor Section Editors Paul B. Siegel Mearl A. Kise W. Parker Anslow, Jr. D. Rae Carpenter, Jr. Robert M. Hubbard Cyril R. Mill Walter S. Flory Bruce W. Nelson Clyde Y. Kramer Entered as second-class matter, at the post office at Bassett, Virginia, and Blacksburg, Virginia, under the Act of March 3, 1897. Subscription $3.00 annually. Published four times a yean in January, April, July, and September, by the Virginia Academy of Science at Blacksburg, Va. February 9, 1962 The Virginia Journal of Science VoL. 12, New Series No. 4 VIRGINIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE Proceedings for the Year 1960 - 1961 MINUTES OF THE THIRTY-NINTH ANNUAL MEETING MAY 10, 11, 12, 13, 1961 VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE LEXINGTON, VIRGINIA 122 The Virginia Journal of Science [September MINUTES OF THE ACADEMY CONFERENCE May 11, 1961 President Bell called the meeting to order at 8:00 P.M. The Treasurer’s report was given by Mr. Foley Smith and Col. Heflin made pertinent announcements for the Local Arrangements Committee. The Chairmen of the Committees of the Academy reported briefly and these are published elsewhere in this issue. The matter of the proposed constitutional change for sectional repre¬ sentation on Council, as discussed in the Council meeting of the same day, was explained. The wording of Article 6 as changed and approved by Council was read and accepted by the Conference. The rotational plan as proposed from the Long Range Planning Committee and approved by Council was read by Dr. Flory and approved by the Conference. Detailed reports on the agenda follow. Adjournment Paul M. Patterson, Secretary TENTATIVE REWORDING OF ARTICLE 6 OF CONSTITUTION VIRGINIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE The executive body of this organization shall be known as the Council. It shall be composed of the President, the President-Elect, the Secretary, the Treasurer, the Assistant Secretary-Treasurer, the three most recent Past Presidents, and one member elected by each Section of the Academy. The members from the several Sections shall be elected for three year terms, on a rotational basis among the Sections. In addition to the above listed members, the following shall be ex-officio members of the Coun¬ cil: (1) the Editor, (2) the Chairman of the Long Range Planning Com¬ mittee; (3) the Chairman of the Research Committee, and (4) the Chair¬ man of the Committee for the Virginia Junior Academy of Science. In the case of death or other unforseen interruption of this routine, the President shall make interim appoints until the next annual election is held. TABULATION OF REGISTRATION A total of 739 persons registered for the 1961 meeting. Of these 144 represented the V.J.A.S. Section registrations were: Agricultural Sciences, 29 members, 19 nonmembers, total 48; Astronomy, Mathematics and Proceedings 1960-1961 123 1961] Physics, 35 members, 22 nonmembers, total 57; Bacteriology, 8 members, 7 nonmembers, total 15; Biological Sciences, 70 members, 30 nonmembers, total 100; Chemistry, 74 members, 42 nonmembers, total 116; Engineer¬ ing, 7 members, 18 nonmembers, total 25; Geology, 24 members, 28 non¬ members, total 52; Medical Sciences, 26 members, 20 nonmembers, total 46; Psychology, 19 members, 5 nonmembers, total 24; Science teachers, 15 members, 14 nonmembers, 29 total; Statistics, 7 members, 12 nonmem¬ bers, total 19; No section preference, 6 members, 58 nonmembers, total 64. There were 320 members in attendance, and 275 nonmembers. TREASURER'S REPORT VIRGINIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE GENERAL FUND BALANCE ON DEPOSIT-JANUARY 1, 1960 . $ 2,397.89 RECEIPTS: Revenue: Dues: Life members . $ 150.00 Business members . 1,700.00 Sustaining members . 500.00 Contributing members . 875.00 Regular members . 1,785.00 Student members . 26.00 Delinquent dues . 111.00 Gifts, grants and bequests: Virginia Junior Academy of Science General . . . . . . . 5,147.00 770.00 252.00 Non-Revenue: Advance Payment of Dues . . 22.00 Major W. Catesby Jones Award Fund . . 10.00 Receipts from annual meeting. May, 1960: Fees for exhibit space . $1,170.00 Registration fees . 361.35 1,531.35 Refunds of advances on meeting expense 76.32 Sale of James River Basin books . 21.00 Dividends on stock investments . 105.40 Income from Special Trust Fund (Exhibit G) . . 411.34 Total Receipts . Total Fund Available . . . . 8,346.41 $10,744.30 124 The Virginia Journal of Science [September DISBURSEMENTS: Annual meeting expense . $ 913.06 American Association for the Advancement of Science Meeting . 234.19 Virginia Junior Academy of Science . 2,142.45 Postage and express . 207.57 Programs printed for annual meeting . 434.00 Printing . 423.12 Science Talent Search . 114.46 Stationery, supplies and stenographic service . 56.85 Virginia Journal of Science . 2,000.00 Miscellaneous and general expense (Schedule B-1) . 544.20 Dr. E. C. L. Miller Award . 50.00 Major W. Catesby Jones Award . 10.00 Total Disbursements 7,129.90 BALANCE ON DEPOSIT-DECEMBER 31, 1960 (Exhibit A) . $ 3,614.40 Foley F. Smith, Treasurer REPORT OF THE BUSINESS MEMBERSHIP COMMITTEE The business membership of the Academy includes the following: Allied Chemical Corporation, The American Tobacco Company, The Dow Chemi¬ cal Company, First and Merchants National Bank, General Electric Com¬ pany, Larus and Brother Company, Inc., Merck and Company, Inc., Philip Morris and Company, Ltd., Inc., The Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, Norfolk and Western Railway Company, Phipps and Bird, Inc., A. H. Robins Company, Inc., Reynolds Metal Company, State- Planters Bank of Commerce and Trusts, Virginia-Carolina Chemical Corpo¬ ration. The continued support of these companies is a boon to the Academy activities. Business members are appropriately listed in the Virginia Jour- nal of Science and certificates have been provided to all. E. S. Harlow, Chairman 1961] Proceedings 1960-1961 125 REPORT OF THE MEMBERSHIP COMMITTEE A program was adopted whereby each member of the Membership Com¬ mittee prepared a list of prospective members according to the scientific area of the committeeman. Special letters were then mailed to 300 per¬ sons, 56 of which enrolled in the Academy as members. An additional number, estimated at about 45, also joined the Academy, largely because of the activity of the Membership Committee. In addition to the approach adopted this year, the chairman thought that consideration should be given to rotation of the committee and its members among the several educational institutions of the state, so that all might share in the responsibility of securing new members for the Academy, and also to assure that the total scientific community repre¬ sented by the Academy be covered. It was recommended to the Council that a single membership com¬ mittee be established to combine the Business and Scientific Membership Committees now operating. Such a committee could, by separate sec¬ tions, assume solicitation for the scientific as apart from the business mem¬ berships. R. W. Engel, Chairman REPORT OF THE INVESTMENT FUND TRUSTEES General Endowment Account Book value Market value Amount invested in bonds — Government and Corporate . Amount invested in Preferred Stocks . Amount invested in Common Stocks . , $ 5,953.75 ... 1,790.85 ,, 9,015.05 $ 5,660.00 1,368.00 25,214.00 Cash Principal . $16,759.65 28.49 $32,242.00 28.49 Estimated annual income . Cash income balance . $16,788.14 $ 1,181.00 164.13 $32,270.49 SPECIAL ACCOUNT Book Value Market Value Amount invested in Bonds Government . $ 5,021.88 $ 5,200.00 126 The Virginia Journal of Science [September Amount invested in Stocks . . 1,752.50 1,720.00 $ 6,774.38 $ 6,920.00 Cash Principal . . 214.14 214.14 $ 6,988.52 $ 7,134.14 Estimated Annual Income . $286.00 Cash Income Balance . 0 Total book value and market value of investments as of March 8, 1961 . r.$23,776.56 $39,404.63 Lloyd C. Bird, Chairman FINANCIAL STATEMENT (Unofficial) Research Fund AAAS Fnud On Hand, September, 1960 . . 625.76 270.00 Income (S/A and Goethe) . . 593.65 260.00 Income (AAAS 1961 Grant) .... 260.00 Total . . 1,219.41 530.00 Research Grants . . 925.00 270.00 Horsley Award . . 150.00 Annual Meeting (1961) (Est.) . 50.00 Total . 1,125.00 270.00 Balance, May, 1961 . 94.41 260.00 Jackson J. Taylor, Chairman REPORT OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE The Finance Committee noted a drop of about 170 members during 1960, many of which are expected to be recovered after additional bill¬ ings. An unexpended balance of over $1,000.00, partly due to absence of printing the Academy Booklet this year, was discussed and a cushion of 2 years’ income was suggested as desirable in the operation of the Academy. The financial report follows. VIRGINIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE — 1960 1961] Proceedings 1960-1961 W o u o o d 00 O d -ee- :z; 2 o ^ o p05 Q cq" < g ce- H o o cc 00 00 U 1> IH O o o o o o o O o o o o d d d d o o o 1C o^co o o o o o d 1C o o o o o o o o o o o o d d d 10 d 1C 1C o eq rH CO O O rH o CO 05 w o U O O Tt< O p oq oq oq Tji o ^ CO p^

rH IC O oq O rH 1C O rS 1C rH rH O 1C l> *H i> oq rH rH o o o o c4 1C 00 00 1> 00 rH -©3- o o o o o o p p p p CO 1C d oq d f-H O th !> o oq i> d !>■ 1C rH iH 1C »H o 1C 00 2 tfl s li S ^ -S o .g •■§ .S 53 O d « rS ,K t>JD fl M ^ ’35 o U cc cc PQ CQ c3 r f o U 8 o 05 O H o5 Oi a o U o o o r s' o O o o5 a r— . ^ Uf XQ ^ ^ ^ d fl ns pO ^ ^ .a a 35 o ^ .a ^ 03 p Q £ <3 oS r! U -S o IC CO @ 1C ^ a &5 W3 S 05 ^ a ^ a s h£ •2 -< cc 05 a o o Td S s ^ Ih llQ o3 ’o ’-^ Sw2 cc cc 127 Meeting Income Exhibits 16 . . 1,170.00 1,125.00 Registration Fees . 361.35 300.00 1,531.35 1,425.00 GRAND TOTAL . 8,079.59 ' $9,005.00 128 The Virginia Journal of Science [September STATEMENT OF DISBURSEMENTS PERIOD ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1960 Approved Dis¬ Proposed Budget bursed Expenditures 1960 1960 1961 AAAS Travel Expenses . $ 400.00 234.19 350.00 Dues Academy Conference . 20.00 20.00 20.00 Catesby Jones Award . 10.00 10.00 10.00 E. C. L. Miller Award 50.00 50.00 50.00 Junior Academy (including Philip-Morris Grant) . 2,000.00 1,667.25 2,000.00 Science Talent Search . .. 600.00 144.46 600.00 Annual Meeting Expenses . .. 600.00 688.05 500.00 Audit — Tax Service . .... 270.00 400.00 400.00 Bond Premium . 12.50 12.50 12.50 Post Office Box Rent . ; . 64.00 32.00 32.00 Stationery, Supplies, etc. . 200.00 56.85 200.00 Postage, Addressograph Service and Section Expense . . 300.00 423.43 450.00 Va. Journal of Science Subscription 26.00 26.00 26.00 Virginia Journal of Science . ... 2,100.00 2,003.80 2,100.00 Miscellaneous . ... 150.00 75.90 125.00 Charter Fee . 5.00 5.00 5.00 Printing Academy Booklet . . 200.00 300.00 Printing Program . ... 400.00 434.00 500.00 TOTALS . .... 7,407.50 6,283.43 7,680.00 Unexpended Funds of Budget 1960 . $1,124.07 Cash on hand 1 January 1961 . . $2,736.43 Research Account Total Disbursements 1960 . . $1,454.16 Cash on hand 1 January 1960 . 625.76 Boyd Harshbarger. , Chairman 1961] Proceedings 1960-1961 129 REPORT OF THE VIRGINIA JUNIOR ACADEMY OF SCIENCE The V.J.A.S. membership includes 99 affiliated science clubs, more than 3000 members and 150 sponsors, and additional members of clubs and individuals are indirectly associated with the V.J.A.S. Five Junior Science Days were held in cooperation with the College of William and Mary, University of Virginia, University of Richmond, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and Virginia State. At these meetings 2700 students and teachers, representing 191 schools were in attendance, and 405 exhibits from 45 clubs were displayed. Of these 75 were selected to be displayed at the Annual Meeting of the V.J.A.S. at Lexington. The Junior Science Bulletin, financed by a $300 contribution from the American Tobacco Company, was published twice and about 3000 copies were distributed to secondary schools throughout the state. The Bulletin was edited by Miss Susie V. Floyd. The Annual Meeting of the V.J.A.S. was held May 10-11 at Lexington in conjunction with the Virginia Academy of Science. Dr. A. W. Kenney, Program Director for Advance Science Programs, National Science Foun¬ dation, was guest speaker at the Annual Awards Meeting. His subject was “What It Means to be a Scientist.” Dr. Kendall W. King, of Vir¬ ginia Polytechnic Institute, gave an illustrated lecture: “The Use of Algae in Space Flight” at the Thursday night meeting. At the Annual Awards Hour the Philip Morris Achievement Awards, provided for by a grant of $750 from Philip Morris, Inc. were presented to the first, second and third place exhibitors in five categories of en¬ deavor. W. W. Scott, Chairman LIST OF AWARDS PRESENTED TO VJAS CLUBS and INDIVIDUALS LEXINGTON, VA., 1961 Philip Morris Achievement Awards for Science Exhibits Biology 1st Place: William Siegfried, Gar-Field H. S., Woodbridge, Va. — “Conditioned Reflexes of Bii'ds”. 2nd Place: Sharon Lynn Bynaker, James Monroe H. S., Fredericksburg — Automaticity of the Heart of a Turtle and of a Frog”. 3rd Place: Julia Meredith, Blacksburg H. S., Blacksburg — ‘Ausotrophic Bacteria Mutants”. Honorable Mention: Richard and Daniel Peacock, Fairfax H. S., Fairfax — “Population Study of a Mouse Eruption at Dulles Airport.” Lawrence MacNamara, Francis Hammond H. S., Alexandria — “Plant Irradiation”. Josephine A. Bowler, Booker T. 130 The Virginia Journal of Science [September Washington H. S., Norfolk “■ ""Does Thyroxin Affect the Development of the Chick Embryo?’ Chemistry 1st Place: Russell Cook, J.E.B. Stuart H. S., Falls Church — ""Centri- fugally Accelerated Chromatography”. 2nd Place: William Burtchaell, Fairfax H. S., Fairfax — "‘Determination of the Amino Acid Composition and Sequence in the Enzymne Glucosan Phosphorylase A.” 3rd Place: Charles Baltimore, R. B. Worthy H. S., Saitville — “Spectrophometric In¬ vestigations of Copper Nickel Alloy”. Honorable Mention: Michael Finegan, Fairfax H. S., Fairfax — “A Study of Chromic Acid Oxidation”. Stephen Schechner, Norfolk Academy, Norfolk — “Extraction of Amino Acids from Human Hair”. Archer Mitchell, Maggie Walker H. S., Rich¬ mond — “Electrophoresis of Abnormal Human Blood Sera”. Physics 1st Place: John M. Cone, Jr., Francis C. Hammond H. S., Alexandria — “Droplets”. 2nd Place: Michael Souders, McLean H. S,, MceLan — “Development of a Liquid Freon Bubble Chamber”. 3rd Place: Peter H. Henry, Warwick H. S.. Newport News — “Sun Seeking Systems”. Miscellaneous 1st Place: David Leach, Bedford H. S., Bedford — “Photoluminescent Minerals”. 2nd Place: Fred Horton, Wm. Fleming H. S., Roanoke — “Permutation Groups”. 3rd Place: William Banks, Maggie L. Walker H. S., Richmond — “The Effect of Compazine on the Growth Rate of Sarcina Lutea”. Honorable Mention: Carolyn Sanders, Hoffman Bos¬ ton H. S., Arlington — “An Electronic Digital Computer”. Douglas Van Houweling, Fairfax H. S., Fairfax — “The Electrical Catalysis of the CO Oxidation Reaction”. Robert Weems, Patrick Henry H. S., Ashland — “The Strata of Westmoreland Cliffs”. Stephen Barker, Gunston Jr. H. S., Arlington — “Swift River Power Project”, Randall Zisler, Gunston Jr. H. S., Arlington — “From the Drafting Board to the Finished Project”. Clubs 1st Place: Science Club, Newport News H. S., Newport News — “Dust”. 2nd Place: Paige Wright and others, Lord Botetourt H, S., Daleville — “Pollution of die Mighty James”. 3rd Place: Hampton Bio¬ logy Club, Hampton H. S., Hampton — “The Harvester Ant of North America”. Honorable Mention: James Manson and Shirley Trent, Mary M. Bethune H. S., Halifax — “The Uptake and Effect of Radioactive Mate- 1961] Proceedings 1960-1961 131 terials in Plants”. Biology Club, Fairfax H. S., Fairfax — “The Endocrino¬ logy of Rats”. Gordon Carmichael and Robert Davis, Easton Jr. H. S., Roanoke — “The Analog Computer”. E.C.L. Miller Award (awarded to the outstanding VJAS affiliated Sci¬ ence Club) Lord Botetourt High School, Daleville, Va. Mr. George Stevens, Sponsor. Major J. Catesby Jones Award William Siegfried, Gar-Field H. S., Wood- bridge, Va. Microbiology Award William Banks, Maggie L. Walker H. S., Richmond. George Washington Memorial Engineering Award Peter H. Henry, War¬ wick High School, Newport News. AAAS Membership Award Miss Priscilla Brown, Churchland High School, Portsmouth. VAS Membership Award Douglas Scott, Bedford High School, Bedford. Awards For Outstanding Research Papers 1st Place: Douglas E. Van Houweling, Fairfax H. S., Fairfax. 2nd Place: Miss JuHa Meredith, Blacksburg H. S., Blacksburg. 3rd Place: Daniel Peacock, Fairfax H. S., Fairfax. Teacher-Sponsor Scholarship Awards Mrs. Joseph J. Thaxton, Bedford H. S., Bedford. Mrs. Elizabeth Charlton, York High School, Yorktown. Alternates: Mr. Charles Holbert, Boiling Spring H. S., Covington. Mr. J. A Kepcher, Norfolk Academy, Norfolk. REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON VIRGINIA FLORA Members of the Flora Committee are working on the flora of their of their sections of the State. Miss Artz is active in Shenandoah Valley and adjacent mountains. Dr. Freer continues to investigate the Flora of the Central Blue Ridge; Professor Shields is studying the ecology and Flora of the higher mountains of southwest Virginia, especially Bear Town Mountain in Russell Co. He has deposited specimens in the V. P. I. Herbarium. Dr. Crandall has given attention to local Flora; she and Dr. Chamberlain are studying the ecology and Flora of the Lee Ex¬ periment Forest in Buckingham Co. Dr. H. A. Allard (U. S. Dept. Agr., retired) and Mr. E. C. Leonard (National Herbarium) have prepared a paper recording their investiga¬ tion of the ecology and Flora of the Triassic area in the northern Piedmont of Virginia. It is scheduled for an early 1962 issue of Castanea. Fi- 132 The Virginia Journal of Science [September nancial assistance ($100) from Committee funds has been necessary to support the publication and to secure reprints. Massey is compiling an annotated catalog of Virginia Flora. The habi¬ tat and known eounty records of each of more than 3,000 plant taxa will be recorded. A bibliography pertaining to Virginia Flora will be included. It will be a volume of some of some 300 pages. A. B. Massey, Chairman REPORT OF RESOURCE USE COMMITTEE The committee focussed its attention on only one project this year: that of encouraging additional teaching of conservation in public schools. The work of the committee was in furtherance of the Conservation Short Courses, which are sponsored by the Virginia Resource Use Educational Council. A joint committee eonsisting of representatives of the Virginia Academy of Science, the Resouree Use Educational Council, the Virginia Association of Soil Conservation Districts, and the Visginia Chapter of Isaac Walton League of America conducted four meetings to appraise the needs for additional teaching of conservation in public schools and to develop a plan to meet these needs. The last of these meetings was held with Dr. Woodrow Wilkerson, Superintendent of Publie Instruction and his assistant. We feel that limited progress has been made in reaching our objective. E. W. Mundie, Chairman REPORT OF THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE COMMITTEE A History of Science Committee was formed at the suggestion of the AAAS eharged with the responsibility of producing a definitive history of the academy movement in Virginia and to record the efforts of scien¬ tific pioneers in Virginia and to indicate the scope and value of their eontributions to science. This committee therefore has endeavored to eollect materials eoncerning the present Virginia Academy, its origin, growth and eontribution to scienee, and to colleet materials about seien- tists of Virginia whose work needs to be recognized and remembered. A well documented bibliography on these subjects is most desirable. First priority is given to gathering materials on the history of the Vir¬ ginia Academy, including histories of all sections, lists of section and Aca¬ demy officers, outstanding honors, awards won by members or other facts of interest. The work on the scientists of Virginia is a vastly larger task, which Proceedings 1960-1961 133 1961] will require much devoted time and research. This part of the work program will begin when the Academy history is documented. As of May, 1960 reports have been received from the Sections: Astron¬ omy, Mathematics and Physics, Biology, Engineering, Science Teachers, Statistics. In May 1961 a report from the Section of Medical Science was received. Histories of the Virginia Institute for Scientific Research and the Virginia Junior Academv of Science are in preparation. The Committee hopes to find an author for the General History of the Acad¬ emy, begun so well in the 1923-24 Proceedings by Dr. Ivey F. Lewis. Isabel Boggs, Chairman REPORT OF THE VIRGINIA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE A financial statement of the Virginia Journal of Science prepared by an auditing committee of Frank Butler, Carl Allen and Boyd Harshbarger follows : Receipts: Academy subsidy, members . $2,434.00 Advertising . 364.20 Subscriptions . 38.15 Transferred from savings . 347.06 Extra pages . 162.00 Programs . 28.80 Total . $3,874.21 Expenditures : Printing . $2,820.55 Postage and supplies . 201.65 Travel . 110.15 Freight, storage . 55.25 Subscriptions . 4.00 Total . $3,191.60 Statement of cash account: Cash in checking account Jan. 1, 1960 . $1,913.24 Total receipts . 3,874.21 Total cash in checking account during 1960 . 5,787.45 Less total expenditmes . . . 3,191.60 Cash in checking account Dec. 13, 1960 . 2,595.85 134 The Virginia Journal of Science [September REPORT OF THE LONG RANGE PLANNING COMMITTEE During the year the Long Range Planning Committee has made sev¬ eral recommendations to the Academy Council. These are: L That the composition of the Council be changed to some extent by having the elected members nominated by the various sections. That there be one elected member on the Council from each Section, and that the term of office of such elected members be changed from five to three years. (The Subcommittee working out this plan was composed of Drs. Harshbarger, Hinton, Thompson, Hereford and Obenshain, Chairman.) 2. That a new committee be set up dealing with **The Teaching of Science in Virginia.” 3. That another new committee be set up dealing with “The Natural Resources of Virginia.” 4. That the Council study the problems of, and implement as soon as possible, the employing of a permanent Executive Secretary for the Vir¬ ginia Academy of Science in order to press the needs of Science in Vir¬ ginia. These four recommendations were approved by the Council at its March 12, 1961 meeting, and steps are being taken toward securing possible Academy approval, where needed, and the implementing of each of these recommendations. The Committee has continued to encourage progress on the projects having to do with “The Biology of the Dismal Swamp” and the develop¬ ment of “The Flora of Virginia.” W. S. Flory, Chairman VISITING SCIENTISTS COMMITTEE 1960-61 Thanks to the wonderful cooperation of scientists from Virginia and adjoining areas, the financial support of the National Science Foundation, and the excellent work of the committee representatives from the various colleges, it was possible to send 20 guest scientists for 2 days to 20 of our State colleges. Every report which we received regarding the pro¬ gram indicates that it was very successful, J. C. Forbes, Chairman H. W. K. Fitzroy, Administrator 1961] Proceedings 1960-1961 135 REPORT OF THE RESEARCH COMMITTEE Five requests totalling $1,830.00 for research grants were received. The committee awarded only 4, totaling $1,195.00, however, because of insufficient funds. In no ease was the committee able to underwrite the entire cost of the proposed research, but all recipients indicated that other funds could be obtained so that all programs could be implemented. The four awards were: Walter S. Florv, Blandy Experimental Farm, for use toward purchase of a photographic enlarger . $300.00 Robert S, Young, Department of Geology, University of Virginia, for geological investigations in the Shenandoah Valley sulfide district . $270.00 John E. White, Department of Mathematics, Bridgewater College, for use toward purchase of a computer . $300.00 Ralph G. Steinhardt, Jr. Department of Chemistry, Hollins College, for research on some aspects of the theory of liquids $325.00 Three research papers of unusually high caliber were submitted in competition for the J. Shelton Horsley award. The 1961 winner will be announced at the Friday meeitng. May 12. COUNCIL MEETING May 13, 1961 President Hobbs opened Council Meeting at 10:00 A.M. with the fol¬ lowing members present: W. B. Bell, W. S. Flory, Susie V. Floyd, J. C. Forbes, W. M. Hinton, Jackson Taylor, F. F. Smith, W. B. Wart- man, Jr. and S. B. Williams. Sectional representatives meeting with Council were: E. B. Brand, W. H. Brittingham, J. D. Calver, P. A. Hansen, Boyd Harshbarger, G. T. Miller, Jr., S. B. Row, and E. F. Turner, Jr. Jackson Taylor reported for his special Committee on the Virginia Jun¬ ior Academy of Science. After slight modification it was adopted on Taylors motion. The recommendations adopted are as follows: 1. That the VJAS Exhibits program be continued. The VJAS com¬ mittee is to be commended for its efforts to develop more effective means of recognizing and encouraging science talent in Virginia, and it is urged to continue these efforts. 136 The Virginia Journal of Science [September 2. That the plans submitted by the VJAS committee for dividing the state into seven or more geographical areas for the purpose of conducting preliminary judging of contestants be approved, such pre¬ liminary judging programs to be set up and conducted in accordance with the established policies of the Academy for its annual meetings. 3. That for each of these geographical areas theVJAS committee seek a host for such preliminary judging programs, and if unable to find a willing host, that the VJAS committee be authorized to set up the program for that area under the auspices of the Virginia Academy of Science, with the needed funds, not in excess of $700 for all areas, being supplied by the Academy. 4. That the VJAS chairman be authorized, when requested, to make such re-assignments of contestants from one geographical area to another as he deems wise. Dr. Flory presented a proposal from the Long Range Planning Com¬ mittee for the simplification of the annual committee appointments. This would put all committees on a rotational basis where only one to six new appointments need be made bv the incoming president annually for each committee. Since committees for 1961-63 are already selected, the plan would be implemented next year under Jackson Taylor. Council passed Dr. Bell’s motion that the plan be adopted. This report without, as yet, a recommendation for the Committees on Resource Use and the new Committee on Natural Resources in Virginia is as follows: Number Committee Mem¬ bership Now Suggested Number Length of Tenure of appoint¬ ments each year Long Range Planing 19 18 3 6 Trustees . 3 3 3 1 Research . . 5 5 5 1 Finance and Endowment .. . 10 10 5 2 Junior Academy of Science 14 15 3 5 Visiting Scientists . . 9 9 3 3 Virginia Flora . . 7 9 3 3 Scholarship . . 9 9 3 3 Awards . . 3 3 3 1 Science Talent Search . 6 6 3 2 Membership . . 8 12 3 4 Business Membership . . 8 12 3 4 Nominating . . 3 3 3 _ Resolutions . . 3 3 1 3 History of Science in Virginia. .. 6 6 3 2 Science Teaching . . — 9 3 3 1961] Proceedings 1960-1961 137 Concerning the new Committee on the Teaching of Science (see min¬ utes of March 12, 1961) a membership of 9 was recommended by Dr. Flory’s Committee, each with a 3 year term so set as to rotate three each year, the persons selected to represent various fields of science, including science teachers. The function of this committee would be very broad and include such studies as H. S. certification requirements, science teaching loads, science teaching in the state, etc. Council passed Jackson Taylor’s motion for its adoption. Concerning funds for invited Section speakers, Flory reported ‘‘the unanimous opinion (of his Committee) was that the funds for such an activity were not available within the present Academy financial and budget structure, and that this was a problem that should be solved by the several sections.” Reporting further for his Committee Dr. Flory “recommended that the constitution and bv-Iaws of the Academy be made more easily found and accessible by the two following methods: (1) that the annual Acad¬ emy Booklet carry a notation to the place where the last complete print¬ ing of these articles can be found in the Journal, and (2) in The Pro¬ ceedings for 1962 and thereafter in Issue No. 1 of The Journal — in each year divisible bv 5 (1965, 1970, 1975, etc.) that the Constitution and By-Laws be published in complete form containing all changes and corrections and amendments made up to the said dates.” Council ap¬ proved Jackson Taylor’s motion that this be implemented. Mr. Wartman pointed out that the Trustees presently serve only in an advisory capacity and do not have the power to initiate or imple¬ ment changes in investment or reinvestments of Academy funds. He rec¬ ommended that the power over the Academy’s investments be broad- ned from the current practice of involving the President and Treasurer’s signatures to that of including the chairman of the Trustee Committee. He put this in the form of a motion which Council passed. Dr. Forbes initiated considerable discussion concerning a visiting scien¬ tist’s program for both high schols and colleges. Ultimately Dr. Bell moved that Hobbs and Forbes nominate a committee to develop a pro¬ gram for colleges and universities and another one for High schools. The motion passed. Dr. Bell reported for his president’s committee of three people, Flory, Jeffers and Harshbarger, who examined the reasons for delay in the issu- anc of the recent issues of the Journal. He read this report which indi¬ cated that the Journal would be on schedule by September 1, 1961. President Hobbs read a leter from W. R. West and W. S. Wolcott listing the advantages if the Academy’s annual meeting be held in large 138 The Virginia Journal of Science [September centers and recommended Richmond, Tidewater and Roanoke. Council passed Bell’s motion that this be referred to the Committee on Place of Meeting. With the increasing length of time for which the place of meeting must be arranged in advance, President Hobbs appointed the committees, as President-elect for the 1963 and 1964 place of meetings. Thus the incom¬ ing president hereafter will arrange for the Academy meeting 4 years in advance. President Hobbs read a letter from Dale Wolfe with respect to the use of AAAS funds asigned to the Academy. Council passed Dr. Bell’s motion that the President reply with the advice of the Chairman of the Reesarch Committee. Council passed Jackson Taylor’s motion “that Council express its grate¬ ful appreciation to Dr. Wilson Bell for his dedicated service to the Acad¬ emy and commend him for the excellence, efficiency, and vision with which he has fulfilled the duties of his office.” The Treasurer asked permission to hold only 4 instead of 5 years of cancelled checks and bank statements. After some discussion Council passed a motion to this effect. Adjournment. Paul M. Paterson, Secretary COUNCIL MEETING May 11, 1961 President Bell called the meeting to order at 2:00 P.M. with the fol¬ lowing present: Susie V. Floyd, J. C. Forbes, Boyd Harshbarger, S. M. Heflin, W. M. Hinton, H. H. Hobbs, Jr., G. W. Jeffers, H. G. M. Jopson, E. W. Ramsey, R. D. Ross, Mary H. Ross, W. W. Scott, F. F. Smith, J. J. Taylor, W. B. Wartman, Jr., and S. B. Williams. The minutes of the last Council meeting had been distributed and Coun¬ cil moved their reading be dispensed. Colonel Heflin, chairman of the Local Arrangements Committee, an¬ nounced a historical tour of Lexington for the ladies Friday morning, and a parade of the Cadet Corp and a reception by Superintendent Shell Fri¬ day afternoon. In response. President Bell accepted these arrangments for the Academy with appreciation. Dr. Scott reported for the Junior Academy Committee. The selection of exhibitors has been made regionally in the state except for the colored 1961] Proceedings 1960-1961 139 schools, where all of their exhibits have been judged exclusively at the Virginia State College in Petersburg. The colored students objected to this arrangement and wish to exhibit regionally along with the other groups. After considerable discussion, Council passed a motion made by Dr. Flory requesting the President to appoint a committee to study the various facets in this matter and report back to Council at its meet¬ ing Saturday morning. President Bell appointed Walter Flory, William Scott and Jackson Taylor to this Committee with Taylor as chairman. Dr. Scott reported (see minutes of March 12, 1961) that the 20th anniversary balls planned for the Junior Academy were cancelled because the colored students objected to the segregated arrangements, and that a scientific lecture had been substituted. Dr. Scott further requested authorization for the severance of the rela¬ tionship of the VJAS with Science Clubs of America, and that an affilia¬ tion fee be requested from the Science Clubs for participation in VJAS. Council passed Prof. Jackson Tavlor’s motion that such authorization be granted. Dr. Ross reported for the Journal and Mrs. Ross, now Business Man¬ ager replacing Dr. Krai, gave the financial report where a balance of over $350 was expected. The financial statement for 1960 had been audited by Frank Butler, Carl Allen, and Boyd Harshbarger and reported upon by the latter. Council passed Prof. Taylor’s motion that the report be accepted with appreciation to the Auditing Committee. In the report, the Auditors questioned the great delays in getting out the issues of the Journal and recommended that Council give this matter their immediate attention. Dr. Ross, citing the findings of a conference of journal editors, reported, in part, that there is a national trend, in financing journals, to assess page charges and also to increase advertisements by forming jour¬ nal pools where advertisement proceeds are divided proportionately accord¬ ing to the respective circulations. Council passed Dr. Stanley Williams’ motion that the report be accepted. Dr. Flory reported for the Long Range Planning Committee, the con¬ tent of which is published elsewhere in this issue. Concerning the con¬ stitutional change to allow sectional representation on oCuncil, (see min¬ utes of March 12, 1961), the wording, as formulated by the LRPC was discussed and some changes made. Council adopted the revised word¬ ing on Dr. Hinton’s motion so to do. As the April issue of the Journal carrying the proposed constitutional change had not appeared, thus such a change could not be adopted, Mr. Foley Smith moved that the proposed change be presented to the Acad¬ emy members at the Academy Conference, and that Sections be authorized 140 The Virginia Journal of Science [September to elect representatives to serve with council subject to final constitutional approval next year. The motion was unanimously passed. Treasurer Smith presented the Auditor’s report prepared bv J. Waddell Risen & Co. for the year 1960. Mr. Smith estimated the income for 1961 at $9,000 and an expenditure of approximately $7,600. President Bell brought up the plans for combining the two Member¬ ship Committees, (See minutes of March 12, 1961). Council passed the motion made bv Prof. Tavlor that the two eommittees be combined under one chairman with two vice-chairmen to head up the two subcommittees, one on general membership and the other on business membership. Dr. Forbes reported on the NSF sponsored program for Visiting Scien¬ tists to Virginia Colleges and Universities, and his report was approved bv Council. Dr. Hinton, reporting for the Awards Committee, recommended that the Distinguished Service Award be given to Mrs. Thelma Heatwole. This was approved bv Council, The Awards Committee had been instructed by Council to procure a gavel to be presented at this Academv Assembly, (minutes of Mav 14, 1960), and Dr. Hinton reported one had been made. It was made of the wood of the dogwood tree (Cornus florida L.), the Virginia State Flower, and left in natural finish. President Bell read an invitation from President Shannon of the Uni¬ versity of Virginia to meet in 1964 at the University for the information of Council. The invitation will be presented to the Academy Assembly for acceptance. Adjournment. Paul M. Patterson, Secretary MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL ASSEMBLY May 12, 1961 President Bell called the meeting to order at 8:00 p.m. He presented General Shell, Superintendent of the Institute, who welcomed the Acad¬ emy in a hospitable manner. President Bell then introduced Dr. Ray¬ mond L. Taylor, Associate Administrative Secretary of the A.A.A.S. who brought greetings to the Academy from the A.A.A.S. Dr. Starling presented the resolutions formulated by the Resolutions Committee for Dr. Zoe Black who was not able to be present. They were approved and are published elsewhere in this issue. Dr. Hinton, Chairman of the Awards Committee, presented to Dr. Bell 1961] Proceedings 1960-1961 141 a gavel (See minutes of Council May 14, 1960 and May 11, 1961). It was appropriately made of the wood of dogwood, Virginia state flower. He then read the citation on and presented the distinguished Service Award to Mrs. Thelma Heatwole who for a decade has so wisely and efficiently led and built up the Virginia Junior Academy of Science. President Bell then called on Dr. Scott, Chairman of the V.J.A.S. who reported the awards for the Junior Academy students, the several sec¬ tional awards, the A.A.A.S. award, and Teacher Sponsor Scholarships. These are published elsewhere in this issue. Dr. Scott also reported for Mr. Holmes where 40 awards were made in the Science Talent Search. For the Research Committee, Professor Jackson Taylor, reported on the J. Shelton Horsley Award. The committee solicits judges who are not connected with the Academy and reside outside of Virginia. Two win¬ ning papers were selected, first and honorable mention. Thus two Horsley certificates were made and the Award of $100 and Honorable mention of $50 were pooled and divided equally. The papers are as follows: A Study of the Recombination of Ions in Flames by Irving R. King, of Texaco Experiment Incorporated. The Formation, Conditions and Structure of Thin Epitaxial Silver Films on Rocksalt by Billy W. Sloope and Calvin O. Tiller of the Virginia Insti¬ tute for Scientific Research. President Bell reported the invitation from President Shannon for the Academy to meet in May 1964 at the University of Virginia. The Acad¬ emy gratefully accepted the invitation. Dr. Forbes, reporting for the Nominating Committee, read the slate of officers for the coming year as follows: President, Horton H. Hobbs, Jr. President-Elect, Jackson J. Taylor Secretary, Paul M. Patterson Treasurer, Foley F. Smith Assistant Secretary-Treasuer, William B. Wartman, Jr. There were no nominations from the floor and Dr. Harshbarger moved the Secretary cast the ballot for the slate. Passed. The sectional nominees to serve with Council were reported as follows: For 1 year terms: Agricultural Sciences, W. H. Brittingham Astronomy Mathematics and Physics, Edward F. Turner, Jr. 142 The Virginia Journal of Science [September For two year terms: Bacteriology, P. Arne Hansen Chemistry, G. Tyler Miller, Jr. Engineering, S. B. Row For 3 year terms: Geology, James L. Calver Medical Sciences, Eugene D. Brand Statistics, Boyd Harshbarger President Bell then introduced Dr. Arthur Roe, Head, Planning Group, Office of Director, National Science Foundation, who spoke on Education for the Future. He laid particular stress on the teacher, the student and the curriculum. He emphasized the innovations in the curriculum being developed in Phys¬ ics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and other innovations being developed in Chemistry, Mathematics and Biology. President Bell acknowledged Dr. Roe’s address with appreciation and made appropriate remarks to those who had worked with him on Coun¬ cil and the Committees. He then installed the new officers and turned over the gravel to Dr. Hobbs. President Hobbs voiced his appreciation of the Academy’s confidence in him and promised his best efforts dur¬ ing the ensuing year. Adjournment. Paul M. Patterson, Secretary SCHOLARSHIP COMMITTEE The scholarship committee of the Academy worked during the past year especially with high school teachers. Many of them in the State are now aware of scholarships available at least in Virginia institutions of higher learning. The bulletin of the State Department of Education en¬ titled "‘Financial Assistance to Attend Four-Year Colleges and Univer¬ sities in Virginia” is now available in most high school libraries. Also available is a U. S. Office of Education Bulletin, No. 18, entitled “Financial Aid to College Students: Undergraduate” a publication of the U. S. Departmentf of Health, Education, and Welfare. This invaluable dhectory, obtainable from the U. S. Government Printing Office, Wash¬ ington 25, D. C., for a dollar, lists more than a thousand institutions by States and gives such important information about them as location, highest level of work offered, enrollment, charges for tuition, required Proceedings 1960-1961 143 1961] fees, board and room. This bulletin lists the number and average value of scholarships for freshmen; the number, average value and approximate range of all scholarships; the number and average value of loans; and the average compensation of teaching and research assistants and other employed students. Members of the committee individually have endeavored to secure fi¬ nancial aid to attend college for only 21 high school seniors. It has been the high school teachers who have done the most in this respect for their better students. One area not sufficiently reached by the Na¬ tional and Virginia Science Talent Searches, the Virginia Junior Academy of Science and this committee has been the smaller country high schools where there must be scores of brilliant and needy seniors lacking guid¬ ance in securing college scholarships. Sidney S. Negus SECTION OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE 1. M. L. BOBB. Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, Piedmont Fruit Research Laboratory. Lesser Peach Tree Borer Control in Virginia. The lesser peach tree borer, Synanthedon pictipes (G. & R.), has killed or caused serious injury to many peach trees in some of the more vigorous orchards of Virginia during recent years. Chemical control studies were made in replicated plots at Hampton during 1959 and 1960 with 7 insecti¬ cides. Parathion, thiodan and endrin gave the greatest reduction in infes¬ tation. Of these insecticides only parathion can be recommended for grower use at the present time since the other insecticides do not have clearance for use on peach fruits. 2. R. N. HOFMASTER. Eastern Shore Branch, Virginia Truck Experi¬ ment Station. The Use of Living Insecticides to Control the Cabbage Looper. Chemical insecticides have failed to give satisfactory control of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hbn.), on the Eastern Shore of Virginia during recent years. As a result, large acreages of cole crops have been rendered unfit for processing or fresh market consumption. Recently, a naturally occurring nuclear polyhedrosis virus has become widespread throughout the aera. In 1960 a joint mass rearing looper- virus infection program was conducted with the University of Maryland. Extracts were prepared from the diseased loopers and approximately 150 acres of broccoli, kale, and collards treated at weekly intervals. Applica¬ tion was by means of a high pressure sprayer at the rate of 5 diseased 5th instar loopers per acre on broccoli and 10 diseased 5th instar loopers per acre on kale and collards. Looper control was far superior to that obtained with insecticides at any time during the past 10 years. It is 144 The Virginia Journal of Science [September felt that the future of cabbage looper control lies in the use of this virus and, possibly other biologicals, rather than insecticides. 3. J. M. STANLEY and U. F. EARP. Farm Electrification Branch, A.R.S., U.S.D.A. and Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Equipment for Nar¬ row Band Irradiation of Hornworm Moths. Equipment has been develop¬ ed for irradiating certain insects with narrow bands of radiant energy. A grating monochromator is used to diffract the energy from a hydrogen- arc lamp. This lamp has been used when dealing with the near ultra¬ violet (black light) region of the spectrum. An infrared telescope is used for observing the specimens. A photometer, using a 1P28 phototube as the sensing element, is the primary means for measuring energy levels. Environmental temperature has been controlled and equipment is being provided for controlling the humidity. These facilities have been used for studying the spectral response of hornworm moths. Studies are planned for the near future in an effort to determine the same data for tobacco budworm moths. Other nocturnal insects are being considered for future study. 4. D. E. GREENWOOD. Virginia Truck Experiment Station. Or¬ ganic Chlorine Analyses of Toxaphene Residues on Leaf Crops. The principles of total (organic) chlorine analysis and amperometric titration are discussed and applied to a study of the decline of toxaphene on three leaf crops. The specific data shown were submitted to the Food & Drug Administration for label acceptance of toxaphene on these crops. The interval between last application and harvest was shown to be affected by the formulation used and certain growth characteristics of the crop species treated. 5. M. H. LANCASTER and B. L. SAMUEL. Virginia Department of Agriculture. The Application of Paper Chromatography to the Deter¬ mination of Chlorinated Organic Pesticide Residues in Foods. The paper chromatography method of Paul A. Mills (J. AOAC 42, 734, 1959) has been applied to the determination of chlorinated organic pesticide residues in foods. This application was described, showing small improvements to the method. Paper chromatography is a practical method for the determination of chlorinated organic pesticide residues. Its sensitivity is equal to or better than most other methods and its accuracy is adequate for residue work. It separates and identifies many of the chlorinated organic pesticides and can be applied to a wide variety of materials. Relatively inexpensive equipment is required and an inexperienced per¬ son will be able to do satisfactory work with a little training and two or three weeks’ experience. A method was described for the determina¬ tion of residues of Dowicide B (sodium 2,4,5-trichlorophenate) in or on vegetables. The method consists of acidification, and steam distillation 1961] Proceedings 1960-1961 145 of the material from the vegetables. The distillate was extracted with petrleum ether, concentrated, and chromatographed on paper without fur¬ ther clean-up. Excellent results were achieved for all six of the vege¬ tables worked with — tomatoes, peppers, sweet potatoes, cabbage, broc¬ coli, and cauliflower. 6. E. L. WISMAN and R. W. ENGEL. Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Nutritive Value of Tannery By-Product Meal for Chicks. Approximately 400 tons of animal protein are produced annually as a by-product of the tanning industry in Virginia. The purpose of this study was to determine by 4-week chick growth assay if this material could be utilized in poultry rations as a source of protein. A meal was prepared from limed hide fleshings by washing to remove the line and sulfides, hydro¬ lyzing with mineral acids, and then cooking to obtain a homogeneous mixture. The solution was then neutralized and evaporated to a meal containing about 6% moisture after removal of most of the fat. A sec¬ ond meal was prepared by omitting the hydrolysis step and extracting the fat and moisture with acetone. Both meals contained 68% crude protein. Growth and feed efficiency data indicated that both tannery by-product meals could be used to replace up to 14 of the soybean protein in a corn-soybean oil meal-type ration without depressing growth. In no instance did a ration containing the tannery by-product produce better growth tha the soybean oil meal basal, indicating that it contained no unkown nutrient factor. Analysis of the tannery protein indicated that tryptophan was the first limiting essential amino acid; however, supple¬ mentation with L-tryptophan did not permit a greater level of the pro¬ tein to be utilized. 7. G. M. CAHILLY, R. F. KELLY and R. F. MILLER. Virginia Polytechnic Institute. The Effect of Dietary Lysine Level Upon the Sub¬ sequent Nutritive Value of Pork: Growth and Nitrogen Balance of Rats. Hogs were fed a diet in which the biological value of the protein was experimentally altered by varying the level of lysine supplementation. Differences were noted in the muscles from these hogs with respect to total protein and lysine concentration which increased with increasing levels of lysine supplementation. Meat from these hogs was then fed to weanling rats with growth and nitrogen balance serving as criteria for comparison of protein nutrition. It was found that the over-all biological value of these meat proteins as measured by rat-growth and N-retention was not altered. Analysis of the serum protein fractions and mnscle nitrogen content of the rats showed no differences. It is therefore con¬ cluded that feeding swine diets containing protein of good or poor qual¬ ity results in no change in the nutritional value of the pork proteins as determined by the described methods. 146 The Virginia Journal of Science [September 8. C. S. HEGRE and M. D. LANE. Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Studies on the Mechanism of Action of Mitochondrial Methylmalonyl Iso- merase. Methylmalonyl isomerase has been partially purified (about 23- fold) from bovine liver mitochondria. This purified enzyme catalyzes the isomerization of enzymatically synthesized [1— -methylmalonyl- CoA and [3— -methylmalonyl-CoA to [1— -succinyl-CoA and [4_i4C] -succinyl-CoA, respectively, as determined from degradation stud¬ ies on the reaction products. These results are in agreement with the proposal of Eggerer, et al. that the isomerization involves rearrangement of the thiolester carbonyl, and indicate that no CoA transfer is taking place prior to this rearrangement. A possible concerted mechanism for the intermolecular migration of the thiolester carbonyl has been proposed. This mechanism would involve the condensation of two molecules of methylmalonyl-CoA to form a 6-membered cyclic transition state, with simultaneous rupture along a different plane to form two molecules of succinyl-CoA. Column-chromatographic evidence was also obtained which seems to support Mazumder’s observation that two enzymatic activities are required for the isomerization of enzymatically synthesized methyl- malonyl-CoA. 9. D. P. KOSOW and M. D. LANE. Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Reversal of an Enzyme Lesion of Biotin Deficiency in Vivo and Vitro. Lardy and Adler have demonstrated that biotin deficiency in the rat leads to a decreased ability of mitochondrial acetone powders to carboxylate propionate. This effect is due to the fact that biotin is a necessary co¬ factor in the carboxylation of propionyl-CoA. We have observed that the propionyl carboxylase activity of mitochon¬ drial acetone powders from biotin deficient rats can be increased three¬ fold by the intraperitoneal injection of biotin three hours before sacrific¬ ing the animals. The same magnitude of increase of the propionyl car¬ boxylase activity of mitochondria lacetone powders can be observed when liver slices from biotin deficient rats are incubated with biotin in Krebs- Ringer phosphate under an atmosphere of 95% oxygen-5 % carbon dioxide. In these experiments, it was observed that the propionyl carboxylase activity varied linearly with the biotin content of the mitochondrial ace¬ tone powders. An ammonium sulfate purified enzyme system has been prepared from biotin deficient whole liver acetone powder extracts which, in the presence of ATP, GSH, and biotin, can catalyze a 100% increase of its original propionyl carboxylase activity. 10. E. C. KU and K. W. KING. Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station. Isotopic Nitrogen Studies on the Catabolism of Essential Amino Acids. Complete nitrogen balance studies have been made of a mutant of Escherichia coli requiring leucine, methionine, and threonine under con¬ ditions of N-starvation and ample N supply. These data demonstrated 1961] Proceedings 1960-1961 147 that methionine was used with 95-] 00% efficiency as a protein precursor. Leucine was used with 65% efficiency if ample ammonia was available, but the efficiency dropped to 35% in N-starvation. Threonine utilization fell from 12% efficiency to 8% efficiency when total-N was restricted. Data presented from experiments with Ni”»-labelled protein precursors indicated (a) no net synthesis of methionine, (b) extensive transfer of leucine-N to isoleucine, and (c) limited transfer of leucine-N to asparatate and valine. These observations were discussed in relation to their bear¬ ing on the nutritional interactions between non-essential nutrients and the essential amino acids. 11. HITOSHI MARUYAMA ad M. D. LANE. Virginia Polytechnic Institute. PropeHies of Phosphoenolpyrumte Carboxylase Isolated from the Germinating Peanut. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase has been par¬ tially purified (50-fold) from extracts of germinating peanut cotyledons. The enzyme catalyzes the irreversible Mg+ ^-dependent carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate to form oxalacetate. Purified preparations of car¬ boxylase are completely inactive in the absence of added sulfhydryl com¬ pounds, but are readily reactivated by glutathione addition. Carboxylase, active in the presence of small amounts of glutathione, is reversibly inhibit¬ ed by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. Co++ and Fe++ are 28 and 16 per¬ cent as effective, respectively, as stoichiometric amounts of Mg++ for the carboxylation reaction. High levels of the purified carboxylase failed to catalyze significant incorporation of C^^-bicarbonate into oxalacetate in the presence of oxalacetate, orthophosphate, Mg++ and glutathione; but in the absence of added phosphoenolpyruvate. When the enzymatic car¬ boxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate is conducted in the presence of Ci"*- pyrurate, incorporation of C^^-activity into oxalacetate does not occur. In addition, high levels of the purified carboxylase failed to catalyze an exchange between C^^-pyruvate and oxalacetate in the absence ot added phosphoenolpyruvate; but in the presence of added orthophosphate, Mg++, and glutathione. The catalytic action of the carboxylase is not inhibited by avidin. 12. R. S. HO, J. P. FONTENOT, W. E. C. MOORE and K. W. KING. Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station Different Protein Levels in Purified Diets for Lambs Two digestion and nitrogen balance trials were conducted with wether lambs to determine the optimum protein level in a purified ration for maximum cellulose digestibility. Each trial involved 8 wether lambs which were assigned to 4 treatment lots. Each ration consisted of purified cellulose, corn starch, corn sugar, corn oil, mineral mixture and vitamin A, D, and E. In addition, soy protin was added to the four rations so as to supply approximately 4, 8, 12 and 16% protein, respectively. When the dietary protein level increased from 4 to 8%, cellulose digestibility increased significantly from 53.3% to 72,9%. When the protein level was increased to 12 and 16%, cellulose 148 The Virginia Journal of Science [September digestibility decreased significantly (compared to 8% ration). TDN values indicated that maximum efficiency of energy digestion was at the 8% protein level. Nitrogen retention increased significantly with each increase in dietary protein level. Observations on the rumen fluid of 3 lambs per treatment showed that average concentrations of N, NPN and NHg-N generally increased and pH values decreased slightly as dietary protein level increased. Levels of rumen sugars and volatile fatty acids were not markedly affected by protein level. 13. D. F. IBACH. E.R.S., U.S.D.A. Use of Technical and Economic Data in Micro- and Macro-Analysis. Definitions, work involved, and an example of results in a pilot study in the Georgia Piedmont using technical coefficients adapted for micro- and macro-analysis, are presented. Micro¬ analysis relates to economics of (1) factor-product relationships in the production process; or (2) resource combinations for farms such as opti¬ mum sizes and organizations for different incomes, or profit maximization solutions with land or capital restricted. Macro-analysis involves aggre¬ gate effects of general adoption of new farm technology. Projections are made of the number of farms and the acreages expected for operation at different levels of income and technology. Aggregate effects of changes on output, farm capitahzation, and resource combinations can then be esti¬ mated. Meaningful macro-studies requires analysis of the competitive positions of areas. Macro-analysis is needed for representative major regions, using appropriate technical coefficients for each in programming models. Using locally developed coefficients, improved technology for corn would increase by 70 percent the fertilizer input optimum for limited capital, and would triple net returns per acre. Technical scientists and agricultural economists can use existing data and estimates in forward looking analyses pertaining to agricultural adjustment problems. 14. LILIA CESANA and R. C. CARTER. Virginia Polytechnic Insti¬ tute. Evaluation of the NoHh Country Cheviot Breed of Sheep in Crosses for Lamb Productoin. Rams of the North Country Cheviot (NCC) breed were compared with Hampshire, Suffolk and Dorset rams by crossing with grade Hampshire and crossbred Western ewes for market Iamb production. Data were available for 3 years with observations from 350 lambs. The NCC progeny were compared with those of Hampshire rams in all 3 years and with those of Suffolks in 1958 and Dorsets in 1960. Differ¬ ences in growth rates from birth to weaning of lambs by the 3 rams were not statistically significant. In 2 of the 3 years, the slaughter grades of lambs by the NCC rams were significantly lower (P > .05) than those of the other breeds averaging 2/3 grade lower in 1959 and 1/3 grade Tower in 1960. Less information is available on the crossbred ewes and the data used comes from (NCC X H), (NCC X bL) (NCC X NWBF) compared with (H X ^ X b); so far birth weight of lambs 1961] Proceedings 1960-1961 149 and prolificacy appears to be about the same. The NCC cross ewes have averaged about a month later in date of lambing. In conclusion, there seems to be little advantage in using NCC for lamb production. Results form the productivity of NCC cross ewes are too meager as vet to war¬ rant conclusion, 15. E, KREHBIEL and C, C. MAST; Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station. The Inheritance of Horns in Dorset Sheep. Data on 276 lambs born 1959-1961 in four purebred Dorset flocks from matings of scurred and polled rams to horned and first generation polled ewes were used in this study. It was difficult to classify young lambs accurately due to a dif¬ ference in rate of development of scurrs and horns, Warwick and Dunkle (1939) postulated three alleles at one locus with sex-limited expression to explain the inheritance of horns in sheep. The Dorset breed would have the genotvpe (H’H’) for horns, which is recessive to polled (H H) and domi¬ nant over the Merino or Rambouillet genotype (h h). Heterozygous (ff H') males are scurred but females mav be polled or have very small scurrs. A chi-square fit of the data to Warwick's hvpothesis resulted in a value of 4.71 with 17 degrees of freedom and a probability of 998 that the hypo¬ thesis fits the data. No polled homozvgous (HH) ewes were available for this study. Matings with ewes of this genotype should be studied as well as more matings with heterozygous (HH') ewes. It would also be interesting to know if there is a phenotypic difference between heterozygous (HH') and the homozygous (HH) polled ewes. 16. T. J. MARLOWE and E. B. WILSON; Virginia Agricultural Experi¬ ment Station. Some Factors That Influence the Sale Price of Purebred Here¬ ford Calves in Southwest Virginia. Factors studied included year, location, grade, dwarfism status, average daily gain (ADC), age, weight and index. Data included 201 bulls and 418 heifers sold at three locations in Southwest Virginia during 1955-59. Average price of all bulls and heifers was $230.19 and $151.70, respectively. All factors studied had a significant influence on sale price. Desecending order of importance was year, dwarfism status, grade, location, weight, age and ADG for heifers. Sale price increased $17.10 per grade point for bulls and $12.57 for heifers. ADG was worth $69,35 and $10.00 per pound and weight $13.31 and $21.13 per cwt. for bulls and heifers, respectively, when considered together. By elminating ADG weight increased to $40.16 and $28.54 per ctw. Buyers placed more emphasis on ADG in purchasing bulls, but more on weight of heifers. Age was important in bulls but not in heifers. When index was considered instead of ADG and grade, buyers paid $2.55 and $1.36 per index point for bulls and heifers, respectively. Buyers discriminated against pedigrees with known “carrier” or questionable animals with regard to dwarfism by paying $58.46 more for bulls and $47.12 more for heifers with clean pedi- 150 The Virginia Journal of Science [September grees. Factors studied accounted for 75.65% and 66.29% of total varia¬ tion in sale price of bulls and heifers, respectively. $151.70, respectively. All factors studied had a significant influence on sale price. Descending order of importance was year, dwarfism status, grade, weight, age and ADG for heifers. Sale price increased $17.10 per grade point for bulls and $12.57 for heifers. ADG was worth $69.35 and $10.00 per pound and weight $13.31 and $21.13 per cwt. for bulls and heifers, respectivelv, when considered together. By eliminating ADG weight in¬ creased to $40.16 and $28.54 per cwt. Buyers placed more emphasis on ADG in purchasing bulls, but more on weight of heifers. Age was im¬ portant in bulls but not in heifers. When index was considered instead of ADG and grade, buyers paid $2.55 and $1.36 peri ndex point for bulls and heifers, respectively. Buyers discriminated against pedigrees with known ‘"carrier” or questionable animals with regard to dwarfism by paying $58.46 more for bulls and $47.12 more for heifers with clean pedigrees. Factors studied accounted for 75.65^ and 66.29^ of total variation in sale price of bulls and heifers, respectively. 17. K. P. BOVARD and B. M. PRIODE; Beef Gattle Research Station, Front Roval. Effects of Stage of Estrus, and Other Factors, Upon Concep¬ tion Rate in Beef Cows Bred Artificially. Approximately 460 beef cattle were bred artificially each year for two successive years during a 100-day breed¬ ing season. Total calf crops were approximately 50%. For three young bulls conception rates were 38 % when used as yearlings and 57 % as two-year- olds. Twelve older bulls used previously for natural service had conception rates of 78% from natural service and 50% when used artificially. Fresh semen showed a small but real advantage over frozen semen. Conception rates of cows bred twice during a single heat period were not different from those of cows bred once. Less difficulty was experienced with heat de¬ tection than has been reported by other workers. Cattle whose estrus was considered doubtful as judged by individual behavior and physical symp¬ toms had per-service conception rates sHghtly less than cows believed to be definitely in estrus (23.2% vs. 27.6%). 18. MARION M. FARR, EVERETT E. WEHR and WILLIAM T. SHALKOP; Animal Disease and Parasite Research Division, A.R.S., U.S. D.A. Pathogenicity of Eimeria gallopavonis. Eimeria gallopavonis, isolated from turkeys sick with “ulcerative enteritis,” has produced severe weight losses and from 10 to 100% mortality in experimentally infected poults 3 to 6 weeks old. Heavily infected birds usually exhibited no symptoms until the end of the 5th day after inoculation, when they consumed less feed and began losing weight. Weight losses continued, and during the 7th and 8th days many of the birds discharged fluid, blood-tinged drop¬ pings. A few poults died on the 6th day, but most of the deaths occurred on the 7th, 8th, and 9th days. Survivors usually began to eat normally 1961] Proceedings 1960-1961 151 and to gain weight on the 8th day- Lesions were restricted to that part of the intestinal tract posterior to the yolk stalk. In severe infections, the entire mucosa of the lower small intestine, he rectum, and the proximal portions of the ceca contained marked inflammatory changes. Occasional¬ ly, small ribbon-like clots of blood were present in the ileum. Usually the lumina of the affected organs were filled with soft, white, cheesy mate¬ rial that consisted chiefly of coccidia in various stages of development under going caseation necrosis. 19. R. E. WEHR; Animal Disease and Parasite Division, A.R.S., U.S. D.A. Studies on Leucocytozoon smithi in Turkeys with Observation on the Tissue Stages of the Parasite In turkeys, Leucocytozoon smithi causes ano¬ rexia, droopiness, incoordination and, occasionally, convulsions that end in death. The acute stage usually lasts 2 to 3 days, after which the birds die or start to recover. Necropsy reveals emaciation, dehydration, congestion, and enlargement of the spleen and other organs. Recovered birds may carry the parasite in their blood. The intermediate host, Simulium or black fly, ingests the gametocytes of L. smithi while feeding on the blood of carrier birds. Gametocvtes develop consecutivlv into gametes, zygotes, ookinetes, and sporozoites. Infected flies transmit the sporozoites to turkeys by biting. Onlv hepatic schizonts of the parasite were found in turkeys in our studies. The megaloschizont stage, present in L. simondi of ducks, was not ob- observed. Control of leucocytozoonosis in turkeys is largely a matter of con¬ trolling the Simulium fly, which lives along streams. Breeding places of the fly should be drained, when practical. Otherwise, larvicides should be ap¬ plied to the streams. The use of drugs for destroying the parasite in birds has been disappointing. Effective prophylactic measures have been keeping the birds confined in rearing houses and using fine-meshed screens over the openings. 20. D. L. HALOCK; Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station. Variabil¬ ity of Certain Soil and Plant Characteristics in a Uniformity Study with Vir¬ ginia-Type Runner Peanuts. An area 36 rows wide and 160 feet long was divided into 576 ten-foot single row plots to study variability of certain soil and plant characteristics in field grown peanuts treated similiarly. The soil type was Woodstown loamy fine sand. The largest variance between any 2 adjacent plots within the test borders for each variable considered is given: Plant population— 8; yield of fruit— 3090 lbs. A; contents of extra large, mature meat and shriveled seeds— 21.7, 6.1, and 2.5 respectively; soil pH—1.9; contents of soil P and exchangeable soil Ca, Mg and K— 265, 900, 65, and 265 lbs. /A.; contents of extra large, mature meat and shriveled seeds— 21.7, 6.1, and 2.5%, respectively; soil pH—1.9; contents of soil P and exchangeable soil Ca, Mg and K— 265, 900, 65, and 265 lbs. /A., respective¬ ly; yield of peanut hay— 4120 lbs. /A.; and contents of Ca, Mg, K, and P in the peanut hay— 1.8, 0.32, 1.0 and 0.25%, respectively. 152 The Virginia Journal of Science [September 21. W. W. MOSCHLER; Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Mechanical Ohliteration of Plot Boundaries in Soil Fertility Research. Soil samples were taken from both sides of a line marking the boundary between limed and imlimed soil in two separate experiments. Lime was applied at the rate of 8 tons per acre 7 years prior to the sampling. In one experiment there was no mechanical tillage of the soil after the year of Time application. In the second experiment the soil was cultivated at least once each year and frequently twice each vear. Conclusive proof that intermixing of soil across the plot boundaries bad occurred was not possible due to the fact that no soil samples before liming were available for comparison. Soil pH values from both experiments strongly suggested, however, that intermixing has occurred to a maximum extent of about 4 feet on each side of the boundary. Thus, a zone approximately 8 feet wide has been blended to a detectable extent. 22. W. J. MEYER, D. L. KASTER and J. F. DERTING; Virginia Agri¬ cultural Experiment Station. Field Observations on Fragipans in Soils of Prince William County, Virginia. Fragipan horizons occur in all physiog¬ raphic provinces of the Countv in soils from different parent materials, indi¬ cating a similarity in the processes involved. Fragipans are frequently asso¬ ciated with transported materials, as indicated by stone lines, by position of the soil in the landscape, by rocks not of residual origin, and by textural dif¬ ferences. Fragipan horizons occur in the transported material, the residual material, or both— depending largely upon the textures involved. Soils having fragipans do not show the characteristic gley condition above the fragipan; however, a light yellowish-brown color indicates restricted inter¬ nal drainage. Clay flows, silt and clay coatings throughout fragipan, and diffuse lower boundaries indicate that water and fine soil material move into and through fragipan. A thin mantle of transported material on high ridge tops and broad upland flats is the remnant of a previous erosion cycle. Fragipans developed in soils in this position were formed during this older erosion cycle. Soils in colluvial positions appear to show various stages of fragipan development. Since these soils are still developing, it indieates the fragipans are forming during the present erosion cycle. This indicates that the development of fragipans is related to erosion cycles. A mechanism of formation is proposed. 23. C. R. DOWNING and S. L. FELTON; Virginia-Carolina Chemieal Corporation. Further Studies ivith Trihutyl 2, 4-Dichlorohenzylphosphonium Chloride (Phosfon) as a Height-Retardant on Ornamentals. Phosfon chemically identified as tributyl 2,4-dichlorobenzyl-phosphonium chloride was active in retarding a number of varieties of potted chrysanthemums at rates of 9.25, 0.5, 0.75 grams active ingredient per cubic foot of potting soil. The response of 21 varieties tested at these rates is discussed. Field rials of Phosfon on garden chrysanthemums showed that soil mix applica- Proceedings 1960-1961 153 1961] tions of the chemical were most effective. In decreasing order of effective¬ ness were soil drench applications, root dip treatments in the 0.05% dust and surface applications. Variations in response to Phosfon by a cross section of garden varieties is discussed. Growth habit and general ap¬ pearance of most varieties was materially improved by Phosfon. Results with Phosfon on Petunia in both greenhouse and field tests are reviewed. Petunia was actively retarded by Phosfon, but it appears that sufficient Phosfon cannot be supplied in a single application to maintain optimum height re¬ tardation throughout the growing season without causing chlorosis under the methods described. The height retardation activity of Phosfon on potted Coleus and Salvia was also demonstrated. 24. G. C. SMART, Jr.; Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station. Culture of the Soybean Cyst Nematode. The soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines Ichinohe ran be cultured on the roots of soybean plants grown in various potting soils. However, when cysts of the nematode are separated from potting soils by the Cobb sieving and gravity method, debris consist¬ ing of undecomposed organic matter and weed seeds is also retained by the sieves. It is difficult and time consuming to accurately count or isolate cysts from the debris. In an attempt to eliminate the debris, quartzite sand (Q-Rok) and Attarlay, Attapulgus X-250, Kaolin Type 41, and Pike’s Peak clays were tested alone and in various sand-clay proportions for the culture of cysts. These materials proved to be almost free of debris. The nematode reproduced in all the artificial potting soils tested, but a 90 percent sand— 10 percent Kaohn Type clay (by weight) mixture was found to be the most satisfactory for good cyst production. 25. L. A. MARGOLENA; Agricultural Research Service, U.S.D.A. Sudoriferous Glands of Sheep and Goats. Comparative histologic studies of sudoriferous glands have been carried out on dorsal skin biopsies of Merino, Rabouillet, Hampshire, and Karakul sheep, and the common Ameican, Tog- genburg and Angora goats. Bipsies included young and mature specimen taken at different seasons and geographic locations, as well as pre-natal samples of Karakul sheep and of goats. No sudoriferous glands were en¬ countered except those connected with the primary follicles, thus their numbers correspond to those of primary follicles. Irrespective of species and breed, the glands consist of a unicellular glandular epithelium rest¬ ing on a more or less regular layer of Myoepithelial cells. This latter may be differentially stained and is particularly evident in glands with actively excreting cells. An acid fast material indicating the possible presence of my colic acid was detected in certain glandular cells. A dif¬ ference in the distribution of glands of wooded sheep and goats was noted: those of sheep reach below the folhcular level (Merino, Ram- bouillet, and Hampshire); whereas in goats, the sudoriferous glands cease growing lengthwise before they reach the bulb, and thus fail to penetrate 154 The Virginia Journal of Science [September below the follicular level. In coarse-woolled sheep such as the Karakul, penetration tends to be intermediate. In the Hampshire, the sudoriferous glands spread out both between and under the follicles, while in the Merino types the glands form diverticulae and lobules of in a layer of their own. SECTION OF ASTRONOMY, MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICS At the business meeting of the section in May the following officers were elected for the coming year: Chairman, R. E. Garrett; Secretary, Billy W. Sloope; and Council Representative, Edward F. Turner, Jr. Your Section Editor’s term extends another four years. Dr. Robert E. Clark of the V. M. I. mathematics department has resigned to accept a position with Babcock and Wilcox of Lynchburg. Re¬ turning to that department from a leave of absence for graduate study will be Dr. Wilbur C. Whitten, Jr. Dr. Edward F. Turner, Jr. has been named head of the Physics de¬ partment at Washington and Lee following the retirement of Dr. R. W. Dickey. Dr. Dickey will continue to lecture in one course. Mr. William F.St. Clair, who has been visiting instructor at W & L for the past two years while on leave from Mississippi Southern College, will return home in the fall. Joining the department as Assistant Proffessor will be Dr. J. T. Ratchford, a recent graduate of the University of Virginia. Mr. William C. Keens, formerlv of the V. M. I. physics department, will be Graduate Assistant at W & L while he begins the study of law. D. Rae Carpenter, Jr., Section Editor Physics Department, Virginia Military Institute 1. L. A. SLUG A, R. D. BOYLE, and P. E. HEXNER; University of Virginia. Protein Molecidar Weights. The magnetically supported ultra- centrifuge is shown to be an excellent tool for the precise determination of protein molecular weights. A brief description of the ultracentrifuge includ¬ ing the magnetic support svstem, a new electric drive system, temperature control, vacuum system, optical svstem, rotor and cells is given. Precise temperature control and extremely stable rotation of the magnetically sup¬ ported rotor permit a degree of precision otherwise unattainable. The sedi¬ mentation equilibrium method of molecular weight determination is used because its firm thermodynamic foundation and its independence of mole¬ cular shape make it very reliable. Data and results: Ribonuclease was in¬ vestigated for calibration purposes and repeated experiments gave an aver- 1961] PROCEEDINGS 1960-1961 155 age weight of 13,653 which is in good agreement with the amino acid analysis of 13,683. Insulin shows an aggregation at higher concentrations, its weight-average molecular weight varying from 11,427 (the dimer) to 17,841 as concentration was increased from .1521%) to .4111%. Prelimi¬ nary results on Fraction I of green leaves of beans shows a molecular weight of approximately 275,000. 2. J. W. BEAMS. University of Virginia. The Measurement of Very Low Air Pressures. The deceleration of a magnetically suspended freelv rotating sphere has been measured at various air pressures over the range Irom lO'-^ to 10'^ ton*. The results can be accounted for by the assump¬ tion that all of the friction on the sphere was due to air friction alone. The measured decelerations were in excellent agreement with the relation ~5p rd (t-tj Where No is the rotor frequency at time t,, and N the rotor frequency at time t, p is the pressure in dynes per cm^, r the radius of the sphere in cm, d the density of the sphere, M the molecular weight of the gas surrounding the rotor, R the gas constant and T the absolute temperature. In deriving the above equation it is assumed that the mean free path of the gas is long in comparison to the diameter of the vacuum chamber and that molecules which strike a moving polycrystalline surface emerge from the surface with a random velocity distribution with respect to the mov¬ ing surface. The experiments, when continued to lower pressure, may be able to set an upper limit to possible gravitational radiation. 3. FITZ, H. C. }R. University of Virginia. Structure and Mechanical Properties of Thin Gold Films. Former work done on thin metal films at the University of Virginia by J. W. Beams and his students is reviewed. This experiment employed the bulge technique to determine mechanical properties of poly crystalline gold films grown by evaporation; a direct de¬ pendence of the ultimate tensile stress on the rate of film growth has been observed. Electron micrographs show variations in film structure as a function of rate of growth and partly explain the observed mechanical properties. 4. BEAMS, J. W., SPITZER, D. M., JR., and J. P. WADE, JR. Uni¬ versity of Virginia. Rotational Energy Losses of an Ultracentrifuge. The authors investigated energy losses of sperical rotors spinning at high rota¬ tional speeds, while supported in the magnetic field of an ultracentrifuge. With the reduction of the deceleration of a rotor to a rate equal to or lower than that describing the energy loss to mollecular collisions at an equivalent pressure of 10'^" mm. Hg, a testing instrument is available for 156 The Virginia Journal of Science [September studying one of the current gravitational field theories. The high vacuum is obtained by immersion of a part of the system in liquid helium. 5. /. S. HARNE and T. E. GILMER, JR. Virginia Polytechnic Insti¬ tute. Infrared Absorption in Neutron Irradiated Silicon. The infrared absorption of neutron irradiated silicon was compared with that of non- irradiated silicon at room and liquid nitrogen temperatures. Irradiated sam¬ ples were 0.082 inch and 0.197 inch in thickness. The un-irradiated sample was 0.081 in thickness. The samples were irradiated with 10'^ ^ fast neu- trons/cm^. The samples were mounted in a low temperature optical cell for all absorption measurements. It was found that instead of the 1.75 micron absorption band that has been mentioned in numerous papers, transmission was completely cut off below 2.5 microns at room temperature and about 1.8 microns at liquid nitrogen temperature. A weak absorption band was noted at 4.4 microns for all three samples at liquid nitrogen temperature and for the two irradiated samples at room temperature. Absorp- sion due to free carriers decreased at the longer wavelengths (10-15 mi¬ crons) with irradiation and coohng as was expected from past experiments. The resistivity of one sample was found to increase from an initial value of 88 ohm-cm to 1.9x10" ohm-cm upon irradiation. 6. TURNER, EDWARD F., JR. Washington & Lee University. A Demonstration Field Tank for Triodes. A electrolytic field tank in which the electric field for various triode configurations can be explored is demonstrated. The measured value of the amplification factor of a triode may be compared with the theoretical value obtained from physical dimen¬ sions. The apparatus is also suitable for an experiment in the elementary electronics course. 7. BUSHNELL, D. L. Virginia Polytechnic Innstitute. A Monte Carlo Calculation of the Resonance Escape Probability of Thorium. The Monte Carlo method of samphng a distribution by selecting random num¬ bers is used to decide the fate of a neutron at each of its collisions with moderator or absorber atoms while it slows down in a homogeneous medium (agueous solution of Th(N03)4). A statistical weight for the neutron is carried along through its history giving a measure of the amount of absorp¬ tion it suffered. The resonance escape probability for the thorium solution is computed by the ratio of the total weight surviving to below 10 ev to weight entering the resonance region. Single level Breit-Wigner Doppler Broadened formulae are used to represent the resonances. Throughout the range of possible thorium number densities for this solution, the resonance escape probability for an infinite system is given by P=l~.0367 m^. The origin neutrons come from a (H^,m) He^ reaction. It is found that theo¬ retical expressions for the resonance escape employing the assumption of 1961] Proceedings 1960-1961 157 narrow resonances is adequate for the infinite geometry, however, the Monte Carlo provides a method for watching the leakage effect due to finite geometry. Experiments are being designed as a further check on the method and its results. 8. BOWLES, ROWLAND L. University of Richmond. Two Com¬ ponent Scintillation Decay of Stilbene. Since a definite difference exists in the light pluse emitted by an organic phosphor when excited by particles of different specific ionization, it was decided to develop a mathematical model which would predict the observed pulse shape differences and thus provide information for the design of a circuit which will efficiently dis¬ criminate between neutron and gamma-rays. (Stilbene was used as the scintillator in this model). Hence, it was decided to study the pulse shape as a function of time, with stilbene used as the scintillator. The charge pulse appearing at the anode of the photo-multiplier is determined analytically. Using the assumed model of K exponential components for scintillation decay a method is devised which enables one to calculate the decay times of the components involved. As a result of this model the percentage light carried by each component is determined. Comparison is made of the analytical and experimental pulse shapes. The experimental results were obtained by using the assumed model as a guide. An expression is given for a dimensionless variable which completely describes the pulse shape. The pulse shapes were observed under neutron and gamma-rav excitation making possible charge pulse shapes for particles of different specific ionization. 9. STEWART, JOHN W. University of Virginia. Compressibilities and Phase Transitions in Solid SiHi. SFe HCl and HBr at High Pressures. Data have been obtained for these four substances at various temperatures, and at pressures up to 20,000 kg/cm^ All except HBr showed a rather sharp first order phase transition which could be observed as a function of temperature and pressure. The expected second order transitions in HBr were not observed; perhaps they were “smeared out” by impurities in the samples. The data are summarized in the following table: - V -1 vJft Substance Temp. Molar Vol. V cm3/j^ole P = 20,000 Pr=0 kg/cm 2 P = ( cm2; xlO- HCl 130 25.3 0.24 3.6 HBr 150 31.7 0.24 3.6 SIH, 80 0.30 3.1 SFe 182 57.3 0.24 2.9 Observed Transit- K efflux and the muscles regained their normal potassium content within about 100 minutes. During the recovery period K influx was measured with and 50 m units/ml insulin had little or no effect on the rate of K influx. However, determination of the change in the K content of the muscles suggested that actually insulin inhibited K influx slightly during the first 60 minutes of the recovery period. This apparent inhibition disappeared later in the incubation period indicating an effect of insuhn on K efflux. Potassium efflux was measured in a separate experiment by loading the muscle with a preliminary incubation and measuring the that was released into non-radioactive Ringer’s solution in subsequent 60-minute periods. Under these conditions 50 m units/ml insulin slowed the K efflux from 8.1% hr ^ to 7.1% hr^ which approximately accounted for the increase in muscle potassium ob¬ served concomitantly. The effect of insulin of therefore the net result of inhibition of K efflux probably combined with a smaller inhibition of K influx by the hormone. 11. ABBOTT, LYNN D., JR. and SUSAN G. RUDOLPH. Medical Gollege of Virginia. Biochemical Studies in Experimental Porphyria. AUy- lisopropylacetylcarbamide (Sedormid) produces in animals an experimental porphyria of the hepatic type similar to human acute intermittent porphyria. Porphobihnogen, uroporphyrin and coproporphyrin are excreted in large amounts. The mechanism of Sedormid-induced porphyria, and the meta¬ bolic lesion in human acute porphyria, are not known. We have made serial quantitative determinations of urinary excretion of delta-aminolevu¬ linic acid (ALA), porphobilinogen (PBG), uroporphyrin and coproporphy¬ rin during the development of porphyria by Sedormid administration in both rabbits and rats and have studied the effects of a number of amino acids on Sedormid-porphyria in rats. ALA excretion was found to be increased by Sedormid in both species, and the precursors (ALA and PBG) reach¬ ed peak levels before the porphyrins. Glycine administration markedly increased ALA, PBG and uroporphyrin excretion; histidine or beta-alanine did not. The early appearance of precursors, including ALA, may be the result of an abnormal increase in hepatic ALA from increased synthesis or decreased catabolism by alternate pathways. Increased turnover into PBG and porphyrins might arise from excessive ALA accmulation. 12. HIGGINS, EDWIN S. Medical College of Virginia. Mechanism 1961] Proceedings 1960-1961 195 of Action of the Enzyme Nitroaryl Reductase. Mycelia of Aspergillus niger contain an enzyme capable of linking the oxidation of reduced pyridine nucleotides to the reduction of nitroaryl compounds. Methods for the preparation and assay of this enzyme are described and Michaelis constants for electron donor and electron acceptor substrates for the enzyme are reported. The enzyme is particularly sensitive to p-chloromercuribenzoate and cupric ion and this inhibition is reversed by several thiols. The latter compounds increased enzyme activity, presumably by protection of enzyme sulfhvdrvl groups, since the thiols themselves were shown not to act as intermediate electron carriers. Use of metal binding agents, atabrine, sulf- hvdryl reagents, and redox dyes permitted the interpretation of the me¬ chanism of action for the enzyme to be as follows: The electron donor substrate (DPNH) reacts with the enzyme at a sulfhydryl-sensitive site and electrons either directly to external electron acceptors (redox dyes) without the intervention of a metal component or, by way of a metal cofactor, to the terminal electron acceptor, dinitrobenzene. The enzyme was shown to be free of pyridine nucleotide-cytochrome reductase and nitrate reductase activities. Substrate specificity studies established that nitroaryl reductase is a new enzyme, unrelated to previously known metal- loflavoproteins. 13. FORBES, J. C., P. D. CAMP, A. J. WASSERMAN, W. T. TUC¬ KER, A. L. FORBES, and O. M. PETTERSON; Medical College of Vir¬ ginia and Veterans Administration Hospital. Effect of Centrifugation at 20,000 X g on Lipid Distribution of Human Sera. The effects of centri¬ fugation at 20,000 X g for 2 hours on the lipid distribution of various human sera have been studied. In general, when the neutral fat was below 176 mg per cent, very little, if any, cholesterol or phospholipids rose to the surface. When the neutral fat content was markedly elevated, as much as 90 per cent of both cholesterol and neutral fat and 50 per cent of phospholipids underwent flotation. However, subjects with simi¬ lar degrees of marked hyperlipemia appeared to separate into 2 major groups represented by moderate and marked degrees of flotation of neutral fat, the later group being composed primarily of subjects with familial hvperlipemia. An inverse correlation was found between the whole serum neutral fat content and the percentage of the total cholesterol rmaining in the subnatant serum. Variations from these general paterns and pos¬ sible clinical interpretations are under study. 14. ACKERMAN, C. ]., and V. TSOU; Virginia Polytechnic Institute. The Physiological Effects of a new Thyroid hormone-like substance found in duodenal tissue. A partially purified fraction has been prepared from hog duodenum, which contains no iodine and is clearly distinguishable from known thyroid hormones on paper chromatograms. It does not pre¬ vent goiter in the usual goiter prevention assay but stimulates growth of 196 The Virginia Journal of Science [September goitrogen-fed rats and thyroidectomized rats. Growth of hypophysectom- ized rats is stimulated as determined by the width of the epiphyseal plate, when administered orally, but not when the substance is injected. The physiological effects resemble those of triiodothyronine. 15. SCHWARTZ, SORELL L., EDWARD R. BOWMAN, and HER¬ BERT McKENNIS, JR. Medical College of Virginia. Metabolism of {-) —Cotinine in the Rat. The role of ( — )— cotinine as an intermediate in the metabolism of ( — )— nicotine has been established in many species, including the dog and the human (in this laboratory), and the rabbit (Hucker, Gillette and Brodie, Nature, 183, 47, 1959). Recent studies in the rat with ( — )— nicotine-methyl— C^^^ have shown demethylation with appearance of significant quantities of radioactivity in the respiartory car¬ bon dioxide. In the present studies the urine of male albino rats was examined for Koenig positive components after oral administration of (— ) — cotinine. Paper chromatograms of the chloroform extract of the urine contained zones with Rf values corresponding to (—)— cotinine, hydroxy- cotinine-desmethylcotinine, and Y— ( 3— pyridyl ) — /?— oxo— N— methylbutyra- mide. Truhaut and de Clercq (Bull. Soc. Chim. Biol. 41, 1693, 1959) have reported the metabolism of nicotine to cotinine by the rat. The pos¬ sibility arises, therefore, that carbon dioxide— C^^ arises via demethylation of cotinine. The hydroxycotinine fraction, following acetylation, was chro- matographmed on alumina to yield acetoxycotinine which was isolated in the form of crystalline picrate. The results indicate that the metabolism of ( — )— cotinine in the rat conforms, in part at least, to routes already esablished for the dog. Aided by grants from the Tobacco Industry Re¬ search Committee and the American Tobacco Company. 16. PROFFIT, WILLIAM R. Medical College of Virginia. Autora¬ diography in the Study of Amino Acid Metabolism. Autoradiography, the exposure of a photographic emulsion by its proximity to a source of radio¬ activity, allows very precise localization of artificially inaroduced radioac¬ tive material. The resolution of the autoradiograph depends in large part on the isotope which is used as the radioactive label: the lower the energy of the beta particle emited, the greater the resolution which can be obtained. Labelling with tritium, which emits a very low energy beta particle, thus offers advantages for autoradiographic visualization. The maximum resolving power of the light microscope can be used to study tritium autoradiographs. Pregnant female albino rats were injected with 200 microcuries of tritium-labelled methionine intraperitoneally four hours before sacrifice. Maternal and fetal tissues were taken for stripping-film autoradiography; after 28 days exposure, areas of concentration were evaluated by grain counting under oil immersion. Prehminary results indicate high concentration of the labelled methionine in at least three areas: 1) secretary epithelium of the intestine, 2) mucous glands of the 1961] Proceedings 1960-1961 197 respiratory tract (perhaps mucous glands in general), 3) keratinizing oral epthelium. Considerably less radioactiyity appears in other maternal tis¬ sues; only small amounts seem to reach the fetus, where there are no areas of high concentration. Supported by grants DT-8 and A- 1390 of the National Institutes of Health. 17. ALLAN L. FORBES, Medical College of Virginia, BERTRAM D. DITMAN, Ohio State nUiyersity ,and JEFFREY H. FRYER, Cornell Uni- yersity. Clinical Aspects of a Nutrition Survey of the Kingdom of Thailand. From October through December of 1960, a suryey of the nutritional status of ciyiTians and military forces was conducted in Thailand under the aus¬ pices of the U. S. Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense. The suryey encompassed clinical, dental, biochemical, dietary, and food technological aspects in 7 widely scatered areas throughout the country. Clinical examinations were performed on 2,389 ciyilians of all age groups in 12 yillages and on 4,325 military personnel. Among adult ciyilians, the ayerage male weight was 112 lbs. and height 63 inches; the ayerage female weight was 96 lbs. and height 59 inches. Goiter was the most preyalent finding in general, inyolying as high as 65% of specific yillage populations, attaining 100% preyalence in pregnant and lactating vyomen in some communities. Angular lesions were widespread, the high¬ est incidence for a specific yillage being 12.3%. Filiform papillary atrophy was obseryed throughout the country, the highest yillage preyalence being 8.4%. Loss of deep tendon reflexes (national ayerage of 1.4%) and frank beriberi were infrequently obseryed during the suryey. Various manifestations of periodontal disease and fluorosis were yery common. In general, the preyalences of nutritional lesions among the military personnel vyere similar to those obseryed among adult ciyilian males. 18. GROSS, W. B. Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Bacterial Endo¬ carditis of Chickens and Turkeys. From chickens or turkeys naturally infected with bacterial endocarditis isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus fecalis were made. Three additional strains of Streptococcus fecalis were isolated from the feces of apparently normal birds. All of these strains produced endocarditis in chickens or turkeys only following intray enous inoculation. Death from endocarditis usually occurred between 5 and 10 days after inoculation, with some birds suryiying for as long as 31 days. No birds with endocarditis recoyered. The lesions were yege- tations on the mitral aortic and right auricular-yentricular yalye. Septic thrombi often resulted in infarcts of the myocardium, liyer or spleen. The microscopic pathology of these lesions has been extensiyely studied. At interyals after inoculation blood culture, differential and total leucocyte counts and blood chemistry determinations were made. Body tempera¬ tures were recorded from 49 birds at 3 minute interyals. Fourteen of these birds which deyeloped endocarditis had temperature rises particu- 198 The Virginia Journal of Science [September larly late in the disease. Birds which resisted infection maintained normal temperatures. While all of the determinations helped to detect birds with heart lesions the results of several determinations were usually necessary to make a definite diagnosis. Recently, examinations have included the use of an electrocardiogram and heart sounds have been recorded. 19. JOHNSON, HERMAN L. and RUSSELL F. MILLER. Virginia Polytechnic Institute. The Effect of Dietary Molybdenum upon the Enz¬ yme Bone Alkaline Phosphatase. Male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats (housed individually in stainless steel wire-floored cages) were fed toxic concentrations of molybdenum in a purified low-protein diet. A marked growth depression was noted when feeding the diet supplemented with 600 ppm molybdenum. Feeding 600 ppm molybdenum for 10 to 17 days resulted in a significant depression in femur alkaline phosphatase activity, and this depression was evident up to eight weeks of molybdenum feed¬ ing. When supplementary inorganic sulfate, 500 ppm, was fed with the molybdenum, a smaller diminution of growth and no depression in enzyme activity were noted. Added dietary copper, up to 50 ppm, did not affect either weight gain or enzyme activity whether molybdenum was fed or not. It appeared as if the depression in enzyme activity was a result of the generally poor growth and condition of the molybdenum-fed rat and was not due to molybdenum per se. Data from one study indicated that molybdenum per se exerted an influence upon the utilization of nu¬ trients; however, it has not been determined whether the molybdnum interfered with digestion, absorption, or some other metabolic events. 20. RIFKIN, R. J. and RUSSELL F. MILLER. Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Attempts to Obtain an Enzyme {Cysteine Oxidase) from Rat Skin. The isolation of a purpoted enzyme system “Cysteine Oxidase” from rat skin homonenate has been attempted. The enzyme like system isolated from sheep skin reported in the literature contains copper, which is ncessary for activation. This system utilizes cysteine as substrate. Hair-free rat skins were finely minced into .066 M phosphate buffer pH 7.0, and were homogenized in a VirTis Tissue Homogenizer. The opti¬ mum ratio of skin to buffer was found to be 1:2. A cell-free supernatant was obtained by centrifugation in the cold. This was used in the mano- metric assay for activity. Copper in catalytic amounts, (.0008— .0065 /xM /flask), when added to substrate in the absence of protein resulted in the destruction of substrate. Rat skin supernatant incubated in the presence of substrate showed increased oxygen uptake, when compared to substrate plus copper in amounts equal to that present in the super¬ natant. The oxygen uptake of dialyzed supernatant preparations in the presence of substrate, when compared to substrate plus equal copper were similar. The unequivocable assessment of enzymatic function cannot as yet be ascribed to this program. 1961] Proceedings 1960-1961 199 21. GEMMILL, C. L. and K. M. BROWNING. University of Vir¬ ginia. The Effects of lodinated Salicylates on Metabolism. Various amounts of salicylate, 5-iodo-salicylate and 3,5-diiodo-salicylate were inject¬ ed into normal, thyroidectomized, and into rats made hypermetabolic b)- placing 3,3',5-triiodothyronine in drinking water. The oxygen consump¬ tions, rectal temperatures and pulse rates of these animals were deter¬ mined. It was found that salicylate increased the metabolism of the normal and hypermetabolic rats but not the thyroidectomized animals. 5-iodo- salicylate increased the metabolism in the three groups. 3,5‘diiodo-salicy- late decreased the metabolism in the normal an dhypo animals. The dos¬ age of salicylate varied from 12.5 mgm. to 30.3 mgm. per 100 grams body weight, 5-iodo-salicylate from 8.4 mgm. to 20.6 mgm. per 100 grams of body weight and 3,5-diiodo-salicyTate from 1.0 mgm. to 20.6 mgm. per 100 grams body weight. Results with 5-bromo-salicylate were comparable to those obtained with 5-iodo-salicylate. The effects of these compounds on rectal temperatures and pulse rates will be reported later. 22. HOGH-LIGETI, CORNELIA. Veterans Administration Center, Martinsburg, West Virginia. Effect of X-Ray Treatment on the Serum Lactic Dehydrogenase Level of Patients with Malignant Tumors. The serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) is consistently elevated in patients with malignant disease. On X-ray treatment with 200 r daily tumor dose (3600 r total; 250 KV, Thorius 3 filter) the serum LDH decerased progressively after a lag of 4 to 5 days. In several cases normal levels were attained after 20 to 25 days. In some instances, however, the serum LDH returned to the pre-irradiation levels while radiation treatment was still in progress, and always on cessation of treatment. In patients undergoing surgical removal of a malignant tumor, the serum LDH increased slightly for a few days after operation; no decrease below the pre-operative level was found during the following weeks. It seems, therefore, that the decrease in serum LDH during X-ray treatment is not a consequence of a diminu¬ tion of the tumor mass, but that it might represent a direct effect of X-rays on the tissue metabolism of the patient or on the enzyme system investigated. 23. BRAND, EUGENE D. University of Virginia. Characterization of hemorrhagic hypotensive irreversible shock shock in the cat. Hemor¬ rhagic hypotensive irreversible shock was produced in 20 cats by an arterial reservoir maintained at 40 mm Hg for 2 hours and then at 45 mm Hg for 3 more hours. Reinfusion of the remaining shed blood led to a normal arterial blood pressure (BP) which immediately began to fall along a straight course ending in death from respiratory arrest at BP about 31 mm Hg after an average of 17.6 hours. Variables which show abnor¬ mality during hypotension, slight or incomplete recovery following reinfu¬ sion, and progression of disfunction starting before the BP has fallen below 200 The Virginia Journal of Science [September 100 mm Hg include functions related to metabolism (rectal temperature, respiratory rate and blood pH), the heart (EKG and heart rate), the peripheral vascular system (low venous pressure) and the central nervous system (EEG amphtued and withdrawal reflex activity). PSYCHOLOGY SECTION 1. ADAMS, HENRY B. and G. DAVID COOPER. Virginia Hospital, Richmond, Virginia. Overt Behavioral Correlates of the Klopfer Rorschach Prognostic Rating Scale: a Validity Study. Klopfer’s Rorschach Prognos¬ tic Rating Scale (PRS) has been found by research workers to be a more sensitive instrument for measuring personality characteristics than the so- called “traditionar methods of Rorschach analysis. In the PRS, various categories of responses to the Rorschach ink blots are differentially weight¬ ed and combined into six component scores and a total prognostic score, the specific weights and combinations having been developed on the basis of both theoretical considerations and extensive clinical experiences with the Rorschach. The PRS is described as useful for differentiating the most important components of ego strength, i.e., reality testingfi, emotional integration, self-realization, and mastery of reality situations. The authors have conducted an empirical validity study, correlating the component and total scores with behavioral ratings of 39 hospitalized psychiatric patients. The behavioral ratings were made using the 20-item Symptom Rating Scale developed by the VA Psychiatric Evaluation Project. A total of 140 correlations were run. The number of statistically significant correlations was 2 1/2 times what would have been expected by chance alone. The patterns of correlations indicate that different component scores measure discrete aspects of personality functioning which are not reflected in the total PRS scores. The results unquestionably demonstrate the sensitivity of the Rorschach to underlying personality variables. 2. ADAMS, HENRY B. and G. DAVID GOOPER. VA Hospital, Richmond, Virginia. The relationship of Rorschach productivity to overt psychiatric symptomatology: a test of Phillips and Smith's hypothesis. The Rorschach was administered to 39 white male veteran NP patients hospitalized for functional psychiatric disorders. These subjects were also interviewed and their interview behavior rated on each of the 20 items of the Symptom Rating Scale developed for the VA Psychiatric Evaluation Project. More severe total pathology was associated (r zzz —.34, p < .05) with lower Rorschach productivity. Gonsistent with the above finding, 17 of the 20 rating scale items were negatively correlated with R, indicat¬ ing less productivity in subjects with more severe symptoms. Four cor¬ relations between individual scale items and Rorschach productivity were large enough to be statistically significant. Lower productivity was asso- 1961] Proceedings 1960-1961 201 ciated with overt symptoms of memory deficit, uncooperativeness, evasion and giiardedness, and apathy, as Phillips and Smith imply. 3. BORGHI, JOHN H. College of WiRiam and Mary. Ego Threat and Noxious Stimulation as a Means of Inducing the Inhibition of Associa¬ tive Recall. An inhibition of associative recall was observed for responses followed by a raucous buzzer alone and for ego-threat alone, but no inhibi¬ tion was found for responses followed by both variables. One-hundred Ss were asked to respond to 100 Kent-Rosanoff words. Twenty-five Ss were buzzed for certain ‘‘critical” responses, 25 both buzzed and threat¬ ened served as a control group. Following the administration of a 15 minute neutral task, Ss were asked to recall all 100 associative responses. There was significantly less recall of “critical” words for Ss either buzzed or threatened when compared with the control group. However, Ss both buzzed and threatened made the same number of errors ton “critical” words as the controls. It was suggested that Ss either buzzed or threaten¬ ed on “critical” words initially responded with a conditioned fear which generalized to thinking about the word. The inhibition found on recall was interpreted as the reduction of a learned fear drive. For Ss both buzzed and threatened it was hypothesized that a discriminative emphasis variable intensified the “critcal” words tending to neutralize the effects of this compound variable. Testing of the hypothesis by systematically in- cerasing and decreasing the independent variables of noxious stimulation and ego-threat was suggested. 4. BROMLEIGH, READ. Gollege of William and Mary. Effect of Leter-symmetry on Distribution of Errors in Tachistoscopic Let er-tar gets. This experiment investigates the effect of directionality within a letter- target, produced by the inclusion of asymmetrical leters, on the accuracy in perception of letters placed to the right and left of fixation. The present hypothesis is that, even with tachistoscopic exposure, there is a sequential scanning of the letters beginning at one end of the pattern. On the basis of several assumptions, it was predicted that there will be (a) fewer errors for stimuli to the left of fixation; and (b) an obtained difference will be greater for asymmetrical than for symmetrical leters. The data support both predictions. 5. BROWN, JAMES H. University of Virginia. The Role of Fre¬ quency and Sifilarity in the Perception of Visual Forms. This study re¬ ports an investigation of the influence of two frequency variables (absolute and relative) upon the recognition and identification of stimulus forms rendered ambiguous by varying similarity. Evidence was sought as to whether the two perceptual responses (recognition and identification) are influenced in the same or different manner by the frequency and similar¬ ity variables. The resulting error scores indicated that the similarity scale utilized led to ambiguity in the manner anticipated, and the biphasic per- 202 The Virginia Journal of Science [September ceptual response employed was sensitive to the experimental variables. The influence of the relative frequency variable was contrary to that ex¬ pected, since subjects tended to identify the ambiguous test forms as those which had occurred most rarely during training, and not as those presented most frequently. These results clearly call for further inves¬ tigation to clarify the findings and to verifv the unusual role of frequency of stimulus occurrence suggested by this study. 6. BROWN, SAM C. University of Virginia. Sources of Interfer¬ ence in Verbal Paired-associate Learning. Paired-associate learning of a ten-item list was compared under conditions with zero, two, or four of the pairs appearing in the same serial position on every trial, while the remaining pairs were presented in a different serial position on each suc¬ cessive trial. Contrary to expectation, fewest errors were made under the zero-constant pairs conditon, which corresponds to the standard procedure usuallv employed in paired-associate learning experiments. Number of errors increased significantlv as number of pairs held constant in serial position increased from two to four, indicating that partial serial-position constancv interferes with rather than facilitates apired-associate learning. 7. CAMP, DAVID S. College of William and Mary. Comparison of Simultaneous and Successive Tachistoscopic Presentation of Binary Patterns. Ten-element horizontal patterns of open and blackened circles were tachis- toscopically exposed such that zero to ten elements appeared on the left of a fixation point. Exp. I employed for reproduction of the patterns re¬ sponse templates consisting of ten blank circles and no reproduction of the fixation point. Fewest errors generally appeared for elements at the left within the target regardless of fixation locus. In Exp. II the response template consisted of 20 blank circles with a mark representing the fixation point between the tenth and elevenh circles. Fewest errors generally apepared for the elements closest to the fixation point. 8. DYER, DOROTHY W. and E. RAE HARCUM. College of Wil¬ liam and Mary. Error-contours for Binary Patterns as a Function of Prac¬ tice. Patterns of eight open and blackened circles were tachistoscopically exposed across fixation to 11 Os for a total of 3600 observations per O. Previous results had suggested the hypothesis that the superiority of the stimuli appearing to the left of fixation is decreased with practice. Con¬ trary to the hypothesis, the difference favoring the stimuli in the left visual field is not changed after practice, although the overall decrease in errors magnifies the relative differential in errors after practice. Pro¬ cedural differences between the present study and the previous study, which might account for the differences in results, are discussed. 9. FRIEDMAN, STEPHEN M. College of William and Mary. Ef¬ fects of Spatial-temporal Sequences in Visual Presentation of Binary Pat- 1961] Proceedings 1960-1961 203 terns. This study determines the effects on reproduction of binary visual patterns of presenting the elements of the pattern in Right-to-left, Left-to- right, or Random sequences, or of presenting them simultaneously. Twen¬ ty-seven Os were shown ten-element patterns. The prediction that most Os would exhibit fewer errors for stimuli to the left of fixation relative to the right of fixation was confirmed. Two other predictions were: or¬ derly sequential presentation of elements would be superior to a random order of presentation; and orderly sequential presentation would produce superior performance. Results were opposite in direction from both pre¬ dictions. 10. HARCUM, E. RAE and ROSEMARY HARTMAN. College of William and Mary. A Serial-learning Effect within the Perceptual Span. Eighteen Os reproduced tachistoscopic linear patterns of eight open or filled circles. The errors-function for elements, counted in order from left to right, in previous studies appears to be somewhat Hke the serial- position curve of rote learning. If these two tasks involve similar mechan¬ isms, the perceptual-span function should be altered by isolating elements as the rote-learning function is altered by element-isolation. The isolation techniques used did not produce a significant effect. However, when a “sensitivity” function is subtracted from the overall error-curve, the remain¬ ing function is almost identical to the classical serial position curve. 11. JARRARD, LEONARD E. Washington and Lee University. The Effects of Suggestion and of eBnzedrine and Meprobamate on Motor Per¬ formance. This study was designed to determine the effects on motor performance of bexzedrine and meprobamate, and the suggestion of how these drugs affect motor performance of male students. An inspection of the means for simple reaction time, disjunctive reaction time, and pur¬ suit rotor performance indicated a lack of any differences for the main effects or their interactions. There was improvement in performance over time but again, inspection of the means for the various groups did not suggest any differential improvement. Because of the similarity of the means for the various groups, no statistical analysis of the data was per¬ formed. There are a number of possible explanations for the lack of any differences in performance due to the administration of the various drugs and suggestions. In addition to the obvious possibility that the manipulated variables had no effects, certain uncontrolled variables could have influ¬ enced the results. Such things as inconsistencies in test administration by the different Es, knowledge of the purpose of the experiment on the part of Ss, and other uncontrolled variables could have been operating. 12. JOHNSON, R. B. Univrsity of Virginia. The Effect of Logical Grouping on Performance in a Short-term Retention Task. Organization in retention was investigated as a variable influencing performance in a short-term retention task. Subjects were required to remember familiar 204 The Virginia Journal of Science [September English words until their recall was requested. Letterword pairs, e.g., B-LARK, H-SHIRT, etc., were presented aurally at a 2-sec. rate. Presenta¬ tion and recall of letter-word pairs were not discretely separated, and stor¬ age and recall of the letter-word pairs were done concurrently by the sub¬ ject in intervals as short as 4-sec. and as long as 25-30 sec. It was dem¬ onstrated that if the letter-word pairs could be grouped by the subject in terms of “natural” classes, e.g., B-ELM, B-OAK, etc., retention perform¬ ance was greatly facilitated. In contrast, it was also shown that if there was no possibility to group related items, e.g., B-ELM, B-TENNIS, H- FORDHAM, H-SHIRT, etc. subjects made very little improvement in re¬ tention performance even over 8 experimental sessions. There was a total of 4 experimental conditions which varied from maximal to none along a continuum of “possibility-to-group” related items. In all conditions it was demonstrated that recall errors systematically increased as the opportunity to group related items varied from maximum to none. A practieal signif¬ icance for these results was pointed out. 13. JOHNSTON, ROBERT A. and HERBERT J. CROSS. University of Richmond. A Further Investigation of the Relationship between Anxiety and Digit Symbol Performance. The present study manipulated the dif¬ ficulty level of the DST of the Weehsler tests to further investigate the relationship between MAS scores of DST performance. The Ss were General Psychology students at the University of Richmond selected from a larger group of 109 stuednts on the basis of their extreme MAS scores. SCAT Total Scores and measures of copying speed were also available on all Ss. Ten low A Ss were assigned to each of three experimental groups. The difficult task group was taught incorrect symbols. The third group served as a control. The results confirmed earlier findings of a lack of relationship between MAS scores and DST performance, regardless of the difficulty level of the task. MAS scores were found to be positively related to copying speed scores. The fact that copying speed accounts for such a small segment of DST variance may explain the lack of relationship between MA Sscores and DST performance. 14. MACPHERSON, DOUGLAS H. University of Virginia. The Role of Direct Social Interaction upon Learning in a Minimal Social Situa¬ tion. The minimal social situation rests on the hypothesis that the major factors controlling social behavior are reward and punishment. In the minimal social situation 2 subjects are able to reinforce each other by pressing buttons which advance the other subject’s reward counter or shock the other subject. The present study investigated the role of non¬ social factors in the minimal social situation, and concluded that a signif¬ icant portion of the learning can be attributed to these factors. 15. MANTZ, PATSY. College of William and Mary. A Study in Overcoming Boredom and Fatigue in a Monotonous Task. This study 1961] Proceedings 1960-1961 205 is an attempt to overcome boredom and fatigue in a repetitive, monotonous task by verbal methods. The three methods used were praise, reproof, and general conversation. The task was a massed practice trial, lasting 52 minutes, on a pursuit rotor. First, the time when boredom and fatigue were the greatest was established. Then each successive subject was assigned to a group and the appropriate variable was administered during the crucial time. It was found that general conversation has a slight effect, though not a statistically significant one. Both praise and reproof produce a significant increase in performance, with praise being the more effective of the two. 16. McCOY, FRED and PEACHEE, CHARLES A., Jr. Mobile Psychi¬ atric Clinic. Validity of the Revised Beta. IQ"s obtained by the Revised Army Beta and appropriate Wechslers were compared for 96 adolescents. Factors of age, intelligence level, sex, and race were also examined. 17. SCHULIST, RICHARD S. Washington and Lee University. The Efefcts of the Color of Numbers and Backgrounds on the Perception of Tachistoscopically Presented Numbers. A two-way analysis of variance revealed that the color of blue was significantly better than the other colors as a background for the white numbers. Green was less desirable than blue but was significantly better than red or gray which were about equal. The yellow background was the poorest of all colors presented. Analysis of the numbers showed that 6 and 9 were similar in perceptability but significantly better than 5 or 8 which were also nearlv equal. The number 3 was considerably less perceptible than the other numbers em¬ ployed. It is felt that the results of this experiment might be beneficial to the field of advertising or other related areas. For example, displays with moving components might, perhaps, be more perceptible against a blue background even when all background colors considered are of equal contrast. Products with numerical names might make use of 6 or 9 which are more easily seen than 5, 8, or the number 3 which appears to be quite easily confused. 18. SMITH, NELSON F. College of William and Mary. Some Ef¬ fects of Three Dosages of Alcohol on the Anticipatory Response in Rats. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of three dosages of alcohol on several levels of behavior during the acquisition of a task. The apparatus used was an alley maze divided by choice points into four sections. This arrangement allowed the measurement of motor perform¬ ance, learning, and goal pointing errors. It was found that ethyl alcohol depressed running speed and anticipatory errors, but did not significantly affect the learning of the task. 19. MHITEHEAD, CLARENCE M., JR. Washington and Lee Uni¬ versity. The Counterbalancing Effects of Two Antagonistic Drugs as De- 206 The Virginia Journal of Science [September termined hy Bar-pressing and Activity in the Rat. Due to the small popu¬ lations, no statistical analysis was applied. In the Sidman procedure, in¬ spection of the number of shocks, bar presses, and cumulative curves indi¬ cated no carry-over effects from the drugs to the following day. Also, the activity results showed no carry-over effects. In the Sidman procedure, the overall effect of the two drugs (LSD-25 and methaminodiazepoxide ) together showed less pressing and a greater number of shocks than when each drug given separately but as dosage of LSD-25 was increased both rats’ data showed decreasing rate of pressing and an increasing number of shocks. In the activity wheel, it appears that performance was more affected by drugs given singularly than in the Sidman procedure. How¬ ever, in the activity situation, increasing amounts of LSD-25 did not result in decreased activity beyond the decrease caused by the single drugs as in the Sidman avoidance performance. From the results obtained, it is obvi¬ ous that there was no suggestion of antagonistic effects between the two drugs. The small animal population, unfavorable environment, lack of a large number of dosages over a wide range, and short training period left much to be desired but this study should serve as a good pilot for a later study as interesting facts were obtained as outlined above. 20. WILSON, MAURICE E. College of William and Mary. Rever¬ sal of Strong and Weak Bar Press Habits Under High and Low Drives. The postulated dynamogenic aspect of drive leads to the prediction that in habit reversal subjects under high drive will emit more incorrect re¬ sponses before the first correct response than will subjects under low drive. After reversal is complete, the same subjects should make more correct responses in a given period of time. The present study is a test of these hypotheses. Twenty-nine rats were given 15 reinforcements of pressing a bar on one end of a modified Skinner box and 60 reinforcements of pressing a bar on the other end. All Ss were 24 hours hungry. The animals were then presented with both bars at the same time. At this time, only the bar on which the 15 responses had been given brought reinforcement. One group was 24 hours hungry; another was 24 hours hungry and was shocked before being placed in the box; a third was 48 hours hungry. The attempted manipulation of drive had no significant effect on habit reversal. These reversal tasks seem to have been greatly oversimplified by those who have tried to predict the effects of drive on them. 21. WOODS, JAMES H. University of Virginia. Performance as Jointly Determined by Concentration of Sucrose and Duration of Feed De¬ privation. Concentration of sucrose and duration of food deprivation were combined factorially to assess their effects on one minute variable interval bar pressing. Concentration, either 4, 8, 16, or 32 per cent sucrose, rep- reesnted the between groups variable and deprivation, either 0, 12, 24, 1961] Proceedings 1960-1961 207 or 48 hours, was the within groups variable. The main effects and the interaction between concentration and deprivation were statistically signif¬ icant at the .001 level by analysis of variance. The nature of the inter¬ relation suggested that increases in deprivation produced greater increments in responding for increasing sucrose concentrations, while the longer dep¬ rivations at lower concentrations produced no increases in responding. SECTION OF STATISTICS Friday, May 12; Saturday, May 13, 1961, Mallory Hall. Introductory remarks: Chairman J. Armstrong, Jr. The following officers were elected or continued in office: Elizabeth Angle, Chairman; John M. Long, Vice Chairman; Rudolf J. Freund, Secretary; Clyde Y. Kramer, Section Editor. MINUTES OF THE PROCEEDINGS 1. TAYLOR, R. J. Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Sequential Alloca¬ tion of Patients in Clinical Trials. This paper describes a scheme for se¬ quentially altering the proportion of patients assigned to various treatments of a clinical trial according to results obtained as the trial proceeds. Best treatments are, by this means, allocated a higher proportion of patients than inferior ones. This alteration of proportion is performed by use of a weighting function, several alternative forms of which are given. A simulation study of the efficacy of the procedure with regard to its ability to select correctly the best treatment is reported. Results indicate that, with use of appropriate weighting functions, this procedure is better able to select the best treatment than an equal allocation trial using the same number of patients. This comparison was made on the basis of Sobel and Huyett’s (1957) study of three equal allocation case. The study shows that the weighting functions which are most efficacious in correctly selecting the best treatment are the ones that tend to assign the largest proportion of patients to the best treatment. A theoretical study of these statistics in special situations is also discussed. 2. EWALS, A. TIMOTHY. Medical College of Virginia. The Iterated Gamma Distribution. A derivation of the iterated gamma distribution is presented and is shown to lead to a Pearson Type VI distribution. Use of this distribution in discussing the errors in straight line regression prob¬ lems with zero intercept is to be presented. Maximum likelihood estimates and asymptotic confidence Hmits are given. 3. ANGLETON, GEORGE M. Medcal College of Virginia. Modifi- action of the Enzyme Substrate Interactions of the Enzyme Acetylcholines- 208 The Virginia Journal of Science [September terase. Reduction of activity of an enzyme preparation may be interpreted in terms of alterations of the structure of the individual enzyme molecules, resulting in a modification of the interactions between enzyme and sub¬ strate molecules. The feasbility of using the parameters of a mathematical model to characterize the interaction of irradiated and non-irradiated ace¬ tylcholinesterase with the substrates acetylcholine chloride and acetyl-beta- methyl choline chloride is discussed. Interpretation of the results applic¬ able to other enzyme systems is presented. 4. HORNER, THEODORE W. (Allen Applied Research, Inc.), GEOR¬ GE F. SPRAGUE (U. S. Department of Agriculture) and W. A. RUSSELL (Iowa State College). Some Additional Procedures for the Detection of Epistasis. Most procedures which have been developed for detection of epistasis are based on variance comparisons. This paper develops a basis for the use of 2 contrasts among means for epistasis detection. The first is the contrast of the mean of the three single crosses utilizing the same 3 inbred lines. The second is the contrast of the 3- way cross with the mean of the 2 single crosses used as a prediction of the 3-way cross. It is demonstrated that the 2 contrasts are zero in absence of epistasis and non-zero in the presence of certain types of epistasis. The contrasts were utilized in an examination of corn data. 5. DAVID, H. A. Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Probabtility Models for Choice Behavior. Choice behavior is deterministic only in the simplest situations. Probability models are, therefore, of interest and have been studied by psychologists, sociologists and econmists as well as statisticians. In this paper, models making increasingly strong statements about choice behavior are discussed for choices made by paired comaprisons. Exten¬ sions to multiple choice and ranking situations are considered. 6. THIGPEN, CHARLES C.; Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Distri¬ bution of the Maximum of Equicorrelated Normal Variables. Statistics based on extremes of equally correlated normal variables with common variance are increasingly being suggested for various statistical procedures. For the case of positive correlation and known variance Stuart takes the following device: Let Yj = xj ~ at, j = 1, 2, . . . , N, where the xs and t are jointly independent, standard normal variables. Then the yj are equally correlated with correlation a^/ ( 1 -|- a^ ) , and the distribution function of max yj may easily be written in terms of a single integral. This device can be extended to the largest absolute value, since ly,| p] Prob[xVi > (n - 1) rVk“] where x"u-i has the distribution for n — 1 degrees of freedom, and r = r(p, n) depends only on p and n, and has now been tabulated to 4D by Weissberg and Beatty (1960). Substituting the value k =; k (Po, n), for chosen Po and n, in the right-hand side of (1), and taking r = r(p, n) for p = .50, .75, .90, .95, .99 and .999 in succession, one can obtain the corresponding values of Prob[P(k(po, n) _^p]. Values so obtained for Po = 0.95 and n = 5(l) 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, 60, were plotted on normal-normal probability paper and the values of the .005, .01, .025, .05,^ .10, .20, .25, .50, .75, .80, .90, .95, .975, .99, and .995 probability points of P(k(.95, n), n) obtained by graphical interpola¬ tion. 14. WATTERSON, G. A., Virginia Polytechnic Institute; F. V. AT- 212 The Virginia Journal of Science [September KINSON, University of Toronto, and P. A. P. MORAN, Australian Na¬ tional University. A Matrix Inequality. Let {aij} be an m by n matrix of non-negative terms. Then m n mn S S aijai • a • j > a^ . . . , i = 1 j =: 1 where aj and aj are the row and column totals and a is the sum of all terms. The inequality proves the conjecture that the mean fitness of a biological population increases after random mating. 15. BAIRD, H. R., National Institute of Health and C. Y. KRAMER, Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Analysis of Missing Values in a Balanced Incomplete Block Design. The problem considered in this paper is that of estimating several missing values and analyzing the resulting augmented data in a balanced incomplete block design. The estimates are obtained by Yates’ procedure of minimizing the error sum of squares. Explicit formulae are obtained for all cases involving not more than two missing values and for several particular configurations of the missing values within the design. A general solution is obtained which involves the inversion of a symmetric n-square matrix, where n is the number of miss¬ ing values. An exact analysis of data augmented by missing value esti¬ mates is given which eliminates a positive bias in the treatment sum of squares. It is possible to treat a balanced incomplete block design as a randomized block design with missing values. Estimates of the missing entries and a randomized block analysis can then be obtained according to the method of Glenn and Kramer. An example of this procedure is given, and the results are compared with the results obtained by the usual balanced incomplete block analysis. 1961] Proceedings 1960-1961 213 LIST OF MEMBERS 1 960-1 961 Note: Following are the types of membership in the Academy: ^Patrons, who contribute one thousand dollars or more to the Academy. ^"^Life Members, who contribute one hundred dollars or more to the Academy. ^^Honoranj Life Members (Elected by Council). ^Sustaining Members, who pay annual dues of ten dollars. Regular Members, who pay annual dues of three dollars. Student Members, who pay annual dues of one dollar. (Restricted to college students only.) Note: Number following name designates section, or sections, to which member belongs: 1. Agricultural Sciences 7. Engineering 2. Astronomy, Mathematics 8. Geology and Physics 9. Medical Sciences 3. Bacteriology 10. Psychology 4. Biology 11. Science Teachers 5. Chemistry 12. Statistics 6. Education Please notify Foley F. Smith, P.O. Box 1420, Richmond, Va., of any errors you may find in this list. Abbitt, Mary Horne 12 . 7703 Wood Road, Richmond, Virginia Abbott, Dr. Lynn D., Jr. 9,5 . Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia Abernathy, J. K. 1 . 8611 Julian Road, Richmond 29, Virginia Akerman, C. J. 5 . Dept, of Chemistry, V.P.I., Blacksburg, Virginia Adams, Mr. Clifford L. 2 . . College of William and Mary in Norfolk Hampton Blvd. & Bolling Avenue, Norfolk, Virginia Adams, Dr. Henry B. 10 . Veterans Adminstration Hospital Box 8, Richmond 19, Virginia ** Addison, Meade W. . . . . 2000 Monument Ave., Richmond, Va. Akerman, Prof. Alfred 1 . . . The Seward Forest, Triplett, Virginia Albemarle Paper Manufacturing Co. . . . . Richmond, Virginia 214 The Virginia Journal of Science [September — Alden, Prof. Harold L. 2 . 2321 Fontaine Avenue, Charlottesville, Virginia Alderman Library . Exchange Division, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia Alexander, Morris W. 1 . Tidewater Research Station, Holland, Va. Allen Carl W. 1 . Dundas Heights, Blacksburg, Va. —Allen, Dr. J. Frances 4 . 5702 Queens Chapel Road, Apt. 3 West Hyattsville, Maryland Allied Chemical & Dye Corporation B . Nitrogen Division, Hopewell, Va. Alphin, R. S. 9 . 1600 MacTavish Avenue, Richmond 30, Va. Alrich, Dr. E. Meredith 9 . University of Virginia Hospital, Charlottesville, Va. Alter, Dr. Bruno E. K., Jr. 2 . Dept, of Physics Randolph Macon Woman’s College, Lynchburg, Virginia American Tobacco Company B Research Laboratory, Petersburg Pike, Richmond, Virginia Ammerman, Don J. c, 2 1501 Park Street, Richmond, 28, Va. Amore, Dr. Thomas 5 . Cardinal Products, Inc., P. O. Box 1611, Durham, N. C. Amos, John M. 4 . 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Apartado 769, Caracas, Venezuela Bagley, Virginia S. 4 Biology Dept., College of William & Mary Norfolk, Va. Bahous Mrs. C. Ruth 2 . 410 Westwood Avenue, Lynchburg, Va. Bailey, Dr. John Wendell 4 . 27 Willway Road, Richmond 26, Va. Bailey, L. H. 4 . Hortorium, Mann Library, Cornell, Ithaca, N. Y. Bailey, Robert S. 4 .. Va. Inst, of Marine Reasearch, Gloucester Point, Va. 1961] Proceedings 1960-1961 215 —Bain, Mrs. Carl E. 11, 5 . 109 Maple Avenue, Richmond 26, Va. —Baker, Dr. T. Nelson 5 . Virginia State College, Petersburg, Va. Baldock, Dr. Russell 2, 5 . 114 Ogontz Avenue, Oak Ridge, Tenn. **Baldwin, Dr. J. T., Jr. . . College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Va. Balthis, Thomas A. 5 . 3333 Stuart Avenue, Richmond 21, Va. Bane, Rubv K. 5, 9 . 2623 Hanover Avenue, Apt. 4, Richmond, Va. —Dr. Frank W. Banghart 12 . 114 Buckingham Road, Charlottesville, Va. Barclay, Dr. Earle H. 2 . College of William and Mary in Norfolk Hampton Blvd. & Bolling Avenue, Norfolk, Virginia —Dr. Rolf E. Bargmann 12 109 Upland Road, Blackburg, Va. Barker, John G. 4 . Biologv Dept., Radford College, Radford, Va. Bartko, John C, 12 . Dept, of Statistics, V.P.O., Blacksburg, Va. Bass, Dr. B. C. 1 Box 607, Blacksburg, Virginia Bass, Charles E. 8 . Box 43, Stephens City, Virginia Battig, Dr. William F., 10 . Psychology Laboratory, Peabodv Hall, Universitv of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia —Dr. Donald L. Baxter, 9 . 471 Briarhill Road, Springfield, Delaware Countv, Pa. Bavlor, Crews B. 11 . 6503 Boatwright Drive, Richmond 26, Va. —Beams, Dr. Jessee W. 2 . Box 1882, University Station, Charlotesville, Virginia Beatty, Edwin M. . 4414 N. 52nd St., Apt. No. 4, Omaha 4, Neb. Becker, Mrs. Marianna 11 119 E. Ocean Avenue, Norfolk, Va. Beitch, Irwin, C, 4 . Box 248, Biology Department, Universitv of Richmond, Richmond, Va. Belcher, Gladvs H. 4 . White March, Virginia —Bell, Dr. Wilson P . V.P.I., Blacksburg, Va. Bennett, Melvin B. 5 210 Defense Avenue, Sandston, Va. Benton, Prof. Arthur F . Cobb Chemical Laboratory, University Station, Charlottesville, Virginia Benton, James E., 11, 5 . 1000 North Lombardy Street, Richmond, 20, Va. Berkelev, Dr. Edward . 500 Woodland Drive, Greensboro, N. C. Berne- Allen, Dr. Allan 5, 7 . 144 N. Washington Drive, St. Armands Kev, Sarasota, Florida Berry, Dr. Paul C. 10 . 507 18th Street, South, Arlington, 2, Va. Berry, Rodney C., Jr. 5 6312 Bailev Road, Richmond, 25, Va. Berry, Rodney C., Sr. 5 . 5907 Brookfield, Road, Richmond, 27, Va. — Bevan, Dr. Arthur 8 . Churchville, Va. Bice, Prof. Raymond C. 10 Peabody Hall, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. Bird, George C. 5 Phipps & Bird, Box 2V, Richmond, Va. —Bird, Mr. Lloyd C. 3 . 303 South 6th St., Richmond, Va. —Black, Dr. Zoe 4 Box 1171 College Station, Fredericksburg, Va. Blackmore, Dr. Raymond H. 5 . Philip-Morris Research Center, Richmond 6, Virginia 216 The Virginia Journal of Science [September Blackwell, Jane 11, 5 . Box 514, South Boston, Virginia Blair, Miss Barbar 5 . Dept, of Biochemistry, University of Virginia— Medical School, Charlottesville, Va. Blake, Dr. Archie, 12 . 35 Hiram Road, Framingham, Mass. Blake, Dr. John A. 10 . 4003 Patterson Avenue, Richmond 21, Va. Bland, Rudolph J., Jr. C, 8 . 3218 Rueger Street, Richmond 26, Va. Bland, William M. 7,2 . 240 Monte Vista Avenue, Charlottesville, Va. *Blank, Grace J. 9 . 606 Chandler Court, Williamsburg, Va. Blaser, Dr. R. E. 1,4,12 . V.P.I., Blacksburg, Va. Blickenstaff, Mrs. I. C. 5 . Doswell, Virginia Blincoe, Dr. J. W. 2 . Ashland, Virginia —Bliss, Dr. Laura 5 . 225 S. Princeton Circle, Lynchburg, Va. — Blomquist, Dr. John H. 7,5 . 1210 Chatham Road, Waynesboro, Va. Blumenthal, Alan H. 7, 10 . 1100 Index Avenue, S. E., Washington 3, D. C. Bobb, Dr. Marvin L. 4 . Piedmont Fruit Research Laboratory, Charlottesville, Va. Bodenstein, Prof. Dietrich 4 Dept, of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia Boggess, Charles S. 5 . 4050 Forest Hill Avenue, Richmond 25, Virginia * Boggs, Prof. Isabel 2 . 14 Parkmont Apts., Lynchburg, Va. Boldridge, Frank 5 . 305 Henry Street, Ashland, Va. —Bond, Dr. W. R., Jr. 9 . Route 2, Box 106, Midlothian, Va. Booth, Fitz 5, 7 . 2607 Park Avenue, Apt. 1, Richmond 20, Va. —Boozer, Miss Mary E. 12 1140 West Grace Street, Richmond 20, Va. — Boizeileca, Dr. Joseph F. 9 . Dept, of Pharmacology, MCV Station, Richmond 19, Virginia Bose, Dr. Smritimoy 4 . Dept, of Horticulture, Perdue University, Lafayette, Indiana **Bosher, Dr. Lev^s H., Jr. 9 . MCV Station, Richmond 19, Va. Bouton, Dr. S. Miles Jr. 9 Rt. No. 1, Cherry Hill Farm, Evington, Va. Bowen, Dr. Leroy E. 1 . 505 Elmwood Ave., Lynchburg, Va. Bowles, John L. 8 . 4801 Connecticut Avenue, Washinginton 8, D. C. —Bowman, Edward R. 6,9 . Dept, of Pharmacology, MCV Station, Richmond 19, Va. —Bowman, Dr. Paul W. 4 3114 5th Street, North, Arlington, Va. Bowman, Dr. Raymond P. G. 6 609 Progress Street, Blacksburg, Va. Bowman, S. D. 4,8 . 1435 Main Street, S. W., Roanoke, Va. —Boyer, Dr. Wm. P. 5 . Director of Research, Virginia-Carolina Chemical Corp., Richmond, Virginia Bozeman, Herman H. 6 . Norfolk Division, Virginia State College, Norfolk, Virginia Bradfield, W. E. 10, 6 . Box 795, Pearisburg, Va. Proceedings 1960-1961 217 1961] Brandley, Frank D. 3 . 4249 25th Street, North, Arlington 7, Va. —Brand, Dr. Eugene D. 9 . Dept, of Pharmacology, University Hospital, Charlottesville, Va. Brewer, Fred C. 2 . College of William & Mary in Norfolk Hampton Blvd. & Bolling Avenue, Norfolk, Va. Brice, Dr. Luther K. Jr. 5 ... Chemistry Department, V.P.L, Blacksburg, Va. Bridges, Troy D. 11,5 . 2012 Adams Lane, Falls Church, Va. Brinkley, Mrs. Bernice N. 11,4 . Clover, Va. 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Longwood College, Farmville, Va. —Bruner, B. M. 5 . 105 North Wilton Road, Richmond 21, Va. Bryan, James W. C,8 . Box 495, Pearisburg, Va. Bryant, R. E. Jr., 5 . 2623 Linbrook Drive, Richmond, Va. Bull, Fred W. 7, 5 . V.P.L, Blacksburg, Va. Bullington, Dr. W. E. 4 . Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, Va. Bully, Miss Kathryn 4 . 216 West Queen St, Hampton, Va. Bumpass, Jimmy c,4 . Rt. No. 3, Bumpass, Virginia —Burch, John B. 4 . Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan —Burger, Miss Elizabeth 4 . Longwood College, Farmville, Va. Burke, Barbara E. 7,5 . 2550 Ross Road, Apt 104, Silver Spring, Md. —Burke, Jack D. 4 . Biology Department, University of Richmond, Richmond, Va. —Burns, Prof. G. Preston 2 . P. O. Box 1005, College Station, Fredericksburg, Va. Burton, Willard W. 5 . 6556 Hagueman Drive, Richmond 25, Va. Buxton, Dr. W. D. 9 . University of Virginia Hospital, Charlottesville, Va. 218 The Virginia Journal of Science [September Byrn, Mrs. Jane N. 4,5 . 80 Main Street, Warwick, Va. Byrne, Col. William E. 2 . Box 836, Lexington, Va. Cabrera, Dr. N. 2, 5 . Dept, of Physics, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Va. —Caldwell, Paul N. 11, 4 . 2784 Westhampton Avenue., S.W. Roanoke, Virginia Callahan, William H. 8 . 1 Rowe Place, Franklin, N. J. Calver, James L. 8 . Box 3667, University Station, Charlottesville, Va. Calvin, Dr. Allen 10 . Psychology Department, Hollins College, Hollins, Va. "^Caminita, Mrs. B. H. 3 . 501 North Lincoln Street, Arlington, Va. Camp, David S. 10 . 232 Griffin Avenue, Williamsburg, Va. Campbell, Addison D. 2 . 8520 Julian Road, Richmond 26, Va. Canham, R. G. 5 . 590 Burnham Lane, Williamsburg, Va. ^Carmen, George Gay 2 . 3907 W. Franklin Street, Richmond 21, Va. Carnes, Mary Beverlv 9, 4, 5 . 663 Montrose Avenue, Roanoke, Va. —Carpenter, D. 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Calthrops Neck Road Route 1, Box 123, Tabbs, Va. Chesson, Mr. R. R. 5 . 6 Lexington Road, Richmond 26, Va. —Chevalier, Dr. Paul L. 9 . 11 East Franklin Street, Richmond 19, Va. Chew, Victor 12 . Box 517, Dahlgren, Va. Chi Beta Phi, Iota Sigma Chapter . Radford College, Radford, Va. Choate, Mr. M. S. Jr. 10 . Pamela Drive, Richmond 29, Va. Christie, Mr. Thomas H . 3713 W. Washington Blvd., Arlington, Va. Chumney, Richard D. 1 . Box 1163, Richmond 9, Va. —Churchill, Miss Helen 4, 3, 9 . Hollins College, Vhginia Proceedings 1960-1961 219 1961] Clague, Prof. W. Donald 5, 9 . Bridgewater, Va. Claiborne, Miss Imogene B, 5 . 2413 Terrell Place, Lynchburg, Va. Clark, Allen K. 5 . . . Dept, of Chemistry Norfolk College of William and Mary, Norfolk, Virginia Clay, John W. 1 . . . Box 565, Tappahannock, Va. Clayton, Dr. C. C. 5 . MCV Station, Richmond, 19, Va. Clough, Dr. O. W. 9 . Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, Va. Cocke, Mr. E. C. 4 . College Station, Winston-Salem, N. C. Cockerille, Dr. F. O. 5 . . . . . Greenwood, Va. — Cogbill, Dr. E. C. 5 . American Tobacco Co., Research Laboratory, Petersburg Pike, Richmond, Va. Cole, Cletus A. 10 . . . 3414 N. Kensington Street, Arlington, Va. —Cole, Dr. James W., Jr. 5 . Cobb Chemical Laboratory, Charlottesville, Va. Coleman, Arthur P. 11, 4, 9 . 1053 N. Chambliss, Alexandria, Va. Coleman, C. S. 1, 8 . P. O. Box 194, Fairfax, Va. —Coleman, George W. Jr. 4, 5, 2 . 621 Staunton Avenue, N. W., Roanoke, Virginia Coleman, John S. 2, 6 . 3010 N. Florida Street, Arlington 7, Va. * College of William and Mary . Williamsburg, Va. Compton, Dr. Jack 4, 5 . Institute of Textile Technology, Charlottesville, Va. Conn, Mrs. Garland J. 11 . 42 Brandon, Road, Newport News, Va. Cook, Mrs. F. Hartwick 2, 5, 12 . Alton State Hospital, Alton, HI. Cool, Dr. R. D. 5 . Madison College, Harrisonburg, Va. Cooper, Dr. Byron N. 8, 7 . Box 634, Blacksburg, Va. Cooper, Miss Frances 5, 4 . 1301 Third Street, S. 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Box 124, Franklin, Va. 220 The Virginia Journal of Science [September Crayton, Frank H. 4 . 6312 Glyndon Lane, Richmond, 25, Va. Grim, David M. 2, 11 . V.M.L, Lexington, Va. Grimm, Samuella H. 4, 11 . Glassboro State Teacher’s College, Glassboro, N. J. — Crittendon, Dr. Eugene D. 5, 1 . Nitrogen Division, Allied Chemical & Dye Corporation, Hopewell, Va. Cross, Herbert J. 10 . Box 1047, University of Richmond, Va. Crouch, Joseph P. 9 . 4600 Eastover Avenue, Richmond 31, Va. Crowell, Prof. Thomas I. 5 . Cobb Chemical Laboratory, Charlottesville, Va. Crownfield, Frederic R. 2 . 312 Cary Street, Williamsburg, Va. Cruser, Melvin E. Jr. 2 . 5305 Lakeside Drive, Virginia Beach, Va. —Cummins Dr. Milton D. 9 1001 West Franklin St., Richmond 20, Va. — Daffin, Professor John B. 5, 2 . Mary Baldwin College, Staunton, Va. Dancy, William H., Jr. 2 . Route 4, Box 141, Charlottesville, Va. ^Darden, Prof. Colgate W., Jr . 1013-14 Bank of Commerce Bldg., Norfolk, Va. Daughtrey, Mrs. William H. 4 . 4307 South 16th Street, Arlington, Va. **Davenport & Company . 1113 E. Main St., Richmond, Va. David, Dr. H. A. 12 Dept, of Statistics, V.P.I., Blacksburg, Va. —David, Loyal H. 5, 2 . Box 1895, Richmond, 15, Va. Davies, Dr. E. F. S. 6 . Virginia State College, Petersburg, Va. —Davies, William E. 8 125 W. Greenway Blvd, Falls Church, Va. Davis, Donald 4 . 1163 Tyler Avenue, Newport News, Va. —Davis, James H. 8 . 3207 Inwood Drive, Houston, Tex. Davis, Thursa F. 5 . Virginia State College, Petersburg, Va. DeArmon, Ira H., Jr. 12 . 219 Broadway, Bel Air, Md. Deck, Dr. J. David 9 . Department of Anatomy, University of Virginia Hospital, Charlottesville, Va. Decker, Miss Mary G. 5 . 1014 Long Street, Charlottesville, Va. DelPriore, Mr. Francis R. 12 . Route No. 2, Box 49, Arnold, Md. Denman, Eugene D. 2 . 1406 Gentry Lane, Charlottesville, Va. Dent, Dr. J. N. 4 . Dept, of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. Derby, James R. C, 8 . 205 Washington Street, Blacksburg, Va. Derting, John F. 8, 1 . 310 Maple Street, Manassas, Va. Dewey, Dr. Lovell J. 5 . Box 726, MCV Station, Richmond, 19, Va. Diana, Dr. Leonard M. 2 . 4111 Hillcrest Road, Richmond 25, Va. Diana, Dr. Pearl B. 10 . 4111 Hillcrest Road, Richmond, 25, Va. Dietrick, L. B. 1 . 506 Preston Ave., Blacksburg, Va. Dinwiddie, Dr. J. G. 5 . 620 Walnut Ave., Waynesboro, Va. Director, Home for Retarded Children 10 Jewish Foundation for Retarded Children . 6200 Second Stret, N. W., Washington, D. C. Dodd, Dr. Eileen K. 10 .. . Box 1205, College Station, Fredericksburg, Va. Proceedings 1960-1961 221 1961] Doerhoefer, Basil 8 . Route 1, Box 181, Prospect, Ky. Dofflemoyer, Jean C, 4 . 612 Rugby Road Charlottesville, Va. Domermuth, Prof. C. H. 3, 4 . Dept, of Veterinary Science, V.P.I., Blacksburg, Va. Doub, W. H., Jr. 10 . 6623 Wexford Lane, Richmond 25, Va. Dovel, Hundley Anne 5 . Laboratory— Memorial Hospital, Wilmington 99, Del. Dow Chemical Company B . Attn: O. R. Mclntire, Technical Director, Textile Fiber Dept., James River Div., Williamsburg, Va. Dryer, Mrs. Hilda V. 11,4 . 1916 N. Lexington Street, Arlington 5, Va. Dufort, Dr. Robert H. 10 . Psychology Department, University of Richmond, Va. Duke, Miss Martha W. 4, 11 . 721 Park St., Charlottesville, Va. *Dr. Cecil E. Duncan 2 . 865 Thornwood Drive, Palo Alto, Calif. *Duncan, Mrs. Geraldine 9 . 885 Marchant Ave., Atascadero, Calif. Dunlap, Miss Elizabeth 11 . Spring Farm, Lexington, Va. Dunn, Dr. Richard H. 4 . Virginia State College, Petersburg, Va. Dunton, Dr. E. M. Jr. 1 . R.F.D. 1, Box 133, Painter, Va. ***DuPont Mrs. Alfred I . Nemours, Wilmington, Del. Eades, Dr. James B. 7 . Box 351, V.P.L, Blacksburg, Va. Eckel, Dr. John F. 7 . 110 Highland Avenue, Blacksburg, Va. Edgerton, J. Wilbert 10 . 700 E. Jefferson Street, Charlottesville, Va. —Edmonds, Marvin D. 5 . 1315 Foster Road, Richmond 26, Va. Edmundson, Dr. R. S. 8 . 1707 Kenwood lane, Meadowbrook Heights, Charlottesville, Virginia Edwards, Dr. Leslie E. 9 . Dept, of Physiology, M.C.V. Sta., Richmond 19, Va. Eheart, Mr. James F. 5, 1 . V.P.L, Blacksburg, Va. Eisenhart, Dr. Churchill 12 . . National Bureau of Standards, Washington 25, D. C. Elder, John H. 5, 1 . 3800 Plymouth Drive, Richmond, 22, Va. Elder, John W., Jr. 1, 4 . Box 145, Madison, Va. Ellett, Virginia C. 11 . Thomas Jefferson High School, Richmond 21, Va. Ellison, Robert Lee 8 . 2503 Brunswick Road, Charlottesville, Va. *Emmett, Dr. J. M. 9 . C & O Hospital, Clifton Forge, Va. —Engel, Dr. R. W. 5 . V.P.L, Blacksburg, Va. —English, Prof. Bruce V. 2 . 109 Arlington, Ashland, Va. Enrick, Norbert Lloyd 12 . c/o Institute of Textile Technology, Charlottesville, Va. Essary, Prof. E. O. 1 . Poultry Dept., V.P.L, Blacksburg, Va. Esso Standard Oil Company B . Attention: C. C. Penmbroke, Broad & Hamilton Streets, Richmond, Va. Evert, Dr. Henry 4, 5 . 11 Harvard Street, Garden City, N. Y. 222 The Virginia Journal of Science [September —Experiment Incorporated, Box 1-T . Richmond 2, Va. Fairfax High School . . . . . Senior Science Club, Fairfax, Va. — Farlowe, Vivian 4 . Box 1243, 1900 West Polk Street, Chicago 12, Ill. *Faulconer, Dr. Robert Jamieson 9 . . Department of Pathology, DePaul Hospital, Norfolk 5, Va. Feagans, Eugenia C, 8, 2 . 323 South Church Street, Woodstock, Virginia Feinstein, H. L 5 . 5836 Columbia Pile, Alexandria, Va. Ferneyhough, Dr. Robert S. 9 . . 810 Lee St., Warrenton, Va. —Fields, Dr. Victor H. 5 . Box 32, Hampton Institute, Hampton, Va. Filer, Dr. Robert J. 10 . University of Richmond, Richmond, Va. Fillinger, Harriett H. 5, 2 . The Inn, Wise, Va. Finch, Marian P. 11, 4 . 9 Malvern Avenue, Apt. 6, Richmond, Va. Finger, Prof. Frank W. . Peabody Hall, University of Virginia First and Merchants National Bank B .. Attn: Mr. R. T. Marsh, President, Richmond 17, Va. Fischer, Dr. Ernst 9,4 . Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, Va. Fish, Prof. F. H. 5 . . . Box 702, Blacksburg, Va. Fisher, Elwood 4 . 381 Monticello Avenue, Harrisonburg, Va. Fisher, Dr. Robert A. 7, 5 . 106 Cohee Road, Blacksburg, Va. — Fitzroy, Herbert W. K. 6 . . 1 West Main St., Richmond Area, University Center, Richmond, Va. Flagg, Raymond O. c, 4 . . Box 85, Boyce, Va. Fletcher, Dr. F. P. 9 . 2319 East Broad, St., Richmond, Va. Flint, Dr. Franklin, F, 4 . Box 254, Randolph-Macon Woman's College, Lynchburg, Va. — Flory, Dr. Walter S., Jr. 4, 1 . Blandy Exper. Farm, Boyce, Va. Flowers, Mr. Wm. L. 5 . 8719 Weldon Drive, Richmond, Va. —Floyd, Miss Susie V, 4 . 46 Hopkins Street, Hilton Village, Va. Foltin, Dr. Edgar N. 10 . Chatham College, Woodland Road, Pittsburg 32, Penn. Fontenot, Dr. J. P. 5 Dept, of Animal Husbandry, V.P.L, Blacksburg, Va. —Forbes, Dr. Allan L. 9 . . Medical Service, McGuire Vet. Administration Hosp., Richmond, Va. ^Forbes, Dr. J. C. 5, 9, 2 .... Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, 19, Va. Forslev, Dr. Albert W. 8 . . The Norfolk College of William & Mary, Norfolk 8, Va. Franko, Dr. Bernard V, 9 . 1600 MacTavish Avenue, Richmond 30, Va. —Freer, Prof. Ruskin 4,8 . . Lynchburg College, Lynchburg, Va. Freitag, Mrs. Herta Taussig 2 . Hollins College, Hollins, Va. —French, Mr. G. Talbot 1, 4 . . 1510 Wilmington Ave., Richmond 27, Va. French, R. H. 5 . . . . . Longwood College, Farmville, Va. Freund, Dr. Jack 9, 5 . . . 622 N. Boulevard, Richmond, Va. Friedman, Mr. Samuel J. 2,5 . 840 Jefferson Avenue, Waynesboro, Va. Proceedings 1960-1961 223 1961] *Froehling & Robertson, Inc . 814 West Cary St., Richmond, Va. Furtsch, Dr. E. F. 5,6 . P. O. Box 618, Blacksburg, Va. —Fuqua, Mrs. F. C. 9 . 3005 Linden Avenue, Fredericksburg, Va. Furr, Keith A. 2 . 609 Giles Road, Blacksburg, Va. Gager, Forrest L., Jr. 5 . 7313 Lee Circle, Richmond 25, Va. **Gaines, Prof. Robert E. 2 .... 3 Bostwick Lane, University of Richmond, Richmond, Va. Calidas, Panos 7 . 813 S. Lee Street, Alexandria, Va. Camble, Samuel J. R. 5 . Lynchburg College, Lynchburg, Va. Gant, Dr. James Q . 1726 M. St., N. W., Washington 6, D. C. Garber, Louis L. 10 . Box 1080, Staunton, Va. Garner, W. N. 4, 6 . 128 Lewis Avenue, Salem, Va. Garretson, Mr. Harold H. 5 . Lynchburg Gollege, Lynchburg, Va. Garrett, Dr. H. E. 10 . 1872 Winston Road, Charlottesville, Va. Garrett, Dr. Richard E. 2 . Box 615, Hollins Gollege, Virginia Geldard, Dr. Frank A. 10 . 1900 Edgewood Lane, Charlottesville, Va. Gemmill, Chalmers L. 9 .... Dept, of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. General Electric Company B . Attn: Paul R. Thompson 150 Roanoke Blvd., Salem, Virginia Gerken, G. M. 10 . Dept, of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. German, Dr. Leslie 5 . 303 Letcher Aves., Lexington, Va. Gibson, Professor Theodore W. 2 . Wise, Va. Gilbert, Ray C. 8 . Austinville, Va. Gildea, Prof. R. E. L. 7 . Gobham, Va. Gildersleeve, Mr. Benjamin 8 . 5811 North 19th Street, Arlington 5, Va. Gillespie, Dr. J. Samuel, Jr. 5, 7 . 22 Maxwell Road, Richmond 26, Va. Gillespie, Robert F., Jr. 4 . Virginia Episcopal School, Lynchburg, Va. Gilliam, Jane E. 11, 2 . Box 52, Phenix, Va. Gilmer, Dr. T. E. Jr. 2 . 102 Allendale Court, Blacksburg, Va. Gilmer, Prof. Thomas E. 2 . Hampden-Sydney, Va. Gilreath, Dr. E. S. 5 . Box 745, Lexington, Va. —Gladding, R. N. 5 .. American Tob. Research Lab., 400 Petersburg Pike, Richmond, Va. Gladding, Mrs. Walter 5,9 . 1613 Park Ave., Richmond 20, Va. Gladstone, Irwin M. 7 . Ill Greenway Drive, Portsmouth, Va. *Glass, Jewel J. 8 . U. S. Geological Survey, Washington 25, D. C. Glenn, Dr. William A. 12 . 1011 Draper Road, Blacksburg, Va. Glick, Rudolph A. 2 . Bridgewater College, Bridgewater, Va. —Clock, Dr. Eugene 5 . American Tobacco Company, Research Laboratory, Richmond, Va. ***Mr. C. M. Goethe . 720 Capital National Bank Bldg., Sacramento, Calif. 224 The Virginia Journal of Science [September —Goldstein, Dr, Lewis C. 4 .... 5207 Monument Avenue, Richmond 26, Va. Goodfriend, Dr. Paul Louis 5, 2 . . Department of Chemistry, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Va. Gordon, Elmer L. 5 . 404 North 12th Street, Richmond, Va. Gordon, John R. 2 . . . 759 E. Street, Harrisonburg, Va. —•Gould, Henry W. 2 .... West Virginia University, Dept, of Mathematics, Morgantown, W. Va. Gourley, Dr. D. R. H. 9 . University of Virginia Medical School, Charlottesville, Va. —Goyette, Dr. Lewis E. 4 . 4013 Mt. Vernon Street, Richmond 27, Va. Grable, Prof. E. Sherman 2 . 212 College Road, Richmond 26, Va. Graf, Dr. G. C. 1 .. . Department of Dairy Science, V.P.L, Blacksburg, Va. Graves, Robert Alston 4 . Box 628, Madison College, Harrisonburg, Va. Gray, Carolyn E. 4 . 1316 Atlanta Avenue, Portsmouth, Va. Gray, Prof. George A. 7 . 204 Franklin Drive, Blacksburg, Va. Grayson, Dr. James McD. 4 . 1300 Oak Drive, Blacksburg, Va. Green, Mrs. Meredith W. 10 . 435 Mosby Street, Winchester, Va. Green, Ralph E. 2 . 3015-A, Woodrow Avenue, Richmond, Va. Greene, Frank L. 5 . 3805 Caulder Court, Richmond, Va. Greenway, Ray D. 7 . 7218 N. 37th Avenue, Phoenix 21, Ariz. Griffin, Pearl C. 5 . Lynchburg College, Lynchburg, Va. Griffith, William S. 1 . Dairy Science Dept., V.P.L, Blacksburg, Va. Grigg, Dr. Austin E. 10 . University of Richmond, Va. Grizzard, Miss Alice E. 11, 4 . 109 North Plum Street, Richmond 20, Va. Gross, W. B. 9 . c/o Animal Pathology, V.P.L, Blacksburg, Va. Blacksburg, Va. Grossnickle, Dr. Thurman T. 5 . Bridgewater College, Bridgewater, Va. Grove, Mrs. Phyllis S. 5 . 1415 Cornet Drive, Richmond, 29, Va. Groves, Dr. A. B. 1,4, 5,3 . Winchester, Va. — Guerry, Dr. DuPont, III 9 .... 2015 Monument Avenue, Richmond 20, Va. Gupton, Mr. Oscar W. 4 . 184 Daniels Road, Chapel Hill, N. C. Gushee, Beatrice E. 5 . Hollins College, Hollins, Va. *Guy, I3r. William G. 5 . Box 1274, Williamsburg, Va. *Gwathmey, Dr. Allan T. 5 . Cobb Chem. Laboratory, University of Virginia Gwathmey, Mrs. Allen T. 6 . Dawson's Row, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. —Haag, Dr. H. B. 9 . Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, Va. Haar, Norman D. 11, 2 .... George Washington High School, Danville, Va. Hack, Dr, John T. 8 . U. S. Geological Survey, Washington 25, D. C. Hackney, R. P. 5 . 4500 Hanover Ave., Richmond 21, Va. Hahn, J. F. 10 . Peabody Hall, Charlottesville, Va. Hahn, Dr. T. M., Jr. 2 . Dept, of Physics, V.P.L, Blacksburg, Va. Proceedings 1960-1961 225 1961] Main, Dr. Jack D. 10 . Box 167, University Hospital, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. Hale, Barbara M. 5, 4 . . 8528 Spalding Drive, Richmond 29, Va. Hale, Dr, Maynard G. 4 . Dept. Plant Pathology & Physiology, V.P.L, Blacksburg, Va. Hall, Leo M. 5 . University of Virginia Medical School, Charlottesville, Virginia Hallock, Dr. Daniel L. 1 . Holland, Va. -Ham, Dr. William T., Jr. 2 . P. O. Box 816, MCV Station, Richmond 19, Virginia Hammer, J. L. 7 . Box 796, Blacksburg, Va. Handley, Charles Overton, Jr. 4 . U. S. National Museum, Washington 25, D.C. Handy, E. S. C. 4, 10 . . . Box 57, Oakton, Va. **Mr. H. Rupert Hammer 5 . 400 Petersburg Turnpike Richmond 24, Va. —Hansen, Prof. P. Arne 3, 4 . Dept. Microbiology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland Harcum, Dr. E. Rae 10 . 482 Penniman Road, Williamsburg, Va. Hardcastle, James E. 5 . 4824 Arundel Avenue, Richmond, Va. Hargis, Dr. Wm. J., Jr, 4 . Virginia Fisheries Laboratory, Gloucester Point, Virginia Harker, Joseph N., Jr. 2, 11 . 2302 Wycliffe Ave., S. W., Roanoke, Va. * Harlan, Dr. William R. 5 . 329 Grennway Lane, Richmond, Va. * Harlow, Edward S. 5 . 2604 Monument Avenue, Apt. A, Richmond 20, Va. Harnsberger, W. T., Jr. 8 . Madison College, Harrisonburg, Va. Harowitz, Charles L. 5 . 7804 Meherrin Road, Richmond, Va. Harrell, Dr. Bryant 5 . Department of Chemistrv, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Va. Harrell, Mr. Cleon 12 . Princess Anne, Va. —Harrell, Ruth Flinn 10 . 6411 Powhatan Avenue, Norfolk 8, Va. Harrington, Mrs. Beatrice A. 2 .. 2024 Barton Avenue, Richmond 22, Va. Harris, Dr. Isabel . 4426 Boonsboro Road, Lynchburg, Va. Harris, Dr. Orville R. . 2017 Spottswood Road, Charlottesville, Va. Harris, Dr. William E. 10 . . . Bon Air, Va. —Harrison, Edward R., Jr. 4 . 1414 Varnum Street, N. W., Washington 11, D. C. Harrison, Dr. J. Peachy 5 . Monroe Terrace, Apt. 6-E, Richmond 20, Va. Harrison, Dr. Wyman 8 . Norfolk College of William and Mary Box 6173, Norfolk 8, Virginia Harrow, Lee S. 5 . Philip Morris Research Center, — Harshbarger, Dr. Boyd 12 . Dept, of Statistics, V.P.L, Blacksburg, Va. ^Hartung, Walter H. 5 M.C.V. Station, Richmond 19, Va. 226 The Virginia Journal of Science [September — Harvie, Lewis E., 4 . Dept. Biology, Winston-Salem, North Carolina Havron, Dr. M. Dean 10 . 6713 Relee Road, Falls Church, Va. Heatwole, Mrs. B. G. 11, 2 . 1411 Churchville Ave., Staunton, Va. —Heflin, Col. S. M. 2 . 508 Highland Road, Lexington, Va. Hegre, Dr. Erling S. 9 . MCV Station, Richmond 19, Va. Heisey, Dr. Lowell 5,3 . Bridgewater College, Bridgewater, Va. —Hembree, Dr. Howard W. 10 . 2720 Forest Hills Road, Petersburg, Va. Hench, Miles E. 3 . 4802 Kensington Ave., Richmond 26, Va. —Henderson, Mr. R. G. 1, 4 . Blacksburg, Va. Henneman, Dr. Richard H. 10 . Psychology Laboratory, University, Va. Hereford, Dr. F. Lfl 2 . Dept, of Physics University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. Hering, Mrs. T. T. 4, 2, 11 . Rt. 2, Staunton, Va. Hester, Mrs. John E. 4, 7 . 916 Onslow Drive, Greensboro, N. C. Heterick, Robert C., Jr. 7 . 407 Harrell Street, Blaeksburg, Va. Higgins, Dr. Edwin S. 9, 5 . Department of Biochemistry, MCV Station, Richmond 19, Va. Hildreth, Dr. H. M. 10 . 7607 Lakeview Drive, Falls Church, Va. Hill, C. H. 4 . 447 N. Braddock St., Winchester, Va. Hill, James P., Jr. 4, 5 . 1031 Homestead Drive, Salem, Va. Hillsman, Overton L . 5814 Crestwood Ave., Richmond 26, Va. — Ehnton, Dr. William 10 . 15 Jordan Street, Lexington, Va. Hoak, James F. 2 . Luray, Va. Hobbs, Herman H. 2 . 301 S. Jefferson Street, Arlington 4, Va. Hobbs, Prof. Horton H., Jr. 4 . 517 Rugby Rd., Charlottesville, Va. — Hoch, Hans 5, 2 . Geriatrics, VA Center, Martinsburg, W. Va. Hoch-Ligeti, Dr. Cornelia 9 . 303 South Church Street, Sheperdstown, W. Va. Hodge, Robert A. 11, 4 . 417 Pelham Street, Fredericksburg, Va. Hoff, E. C. 9, 4, 10 . MCV Station, Richmond 19, Va. —Holcomb, Carl J. 4 . Extension Forester, V.P.L, Blacksburg, Va. —Holland, Charles T. 7 . P. O. Box 836, Blacksburg, Va. * Hollins College . Hollins College, Va. Holloway, Mr. Harry Lee, Jr. 4 . Roanoke College, Salem, Va. Holmes, Dr. B. T. 9 . 336 Mero Street, Frankfort, Ky. Holmes, J. C. 5 . 519 Tanglewood Road, Richmond 25, Va. Holt, Dr. Perry C. 4 . Biology Dept., V.P.L, Blacksburg, Va. Hopkins, Mr. H. Robert 8 . Virginia Division of Geology, Box 3667, University Station, Charlottesville, Va. Horn, Robert H. 11, 5 . Route 1, Waynesboro, Va. Horne, Dr. T. J. 1, 6 . 1013 Draper Road, Blaeksburg, Va. ^^Horowitz, Alan S. 8 . Box 269, Littleton, Colo. ^Horsley, Dr. Guy W. 9 . 617 W. Grace Street, Richmond, Va. Proceedings 1960-1961 227 1961] Horsley, Mrs. Ruth O . Wingina, Va. Horton, Mrs. Loetta W. 11, 2 . 4431 Hazel Ridge Road, Roanoke, Va. Hostetter, Dr. D. Ralph 4, 8 . Eastern Mennonite College, Harrisonburg, Va. Hough, Dr. W. S. 4, 1, 8 . 523 Fairmont Ave., Winchester, Va. Howe, A. G. 5 . Div. of Chemistry, Room 1102, State Office Building, Richmond 19, Va. *Hoxton, L. G. 2 University of Virginia— McCormick Rd., Department of Physics, Charlottesville, Va. -Hubbard Robert M. 7, 5 . 311 Montebello Circle, Charlottesville, Va. Hudgins, Mr. Webster R. 5 . Port Haywood, Va. — Huf, Dr. Ernst G. 9 MCV Station, Richmond 19, Va. — Hufstedler, Dr. Robert S. 5, 12 Norfolk College of William & Mary, Box 6173, Norfolk 8, Va. Hughes, Hansel L. 5 . 1538 W. 50th Street, Norfolk, Va. Hughes, Dr. Roscoe D. 4, 9 . Medical College of Va., Richmond, Va. Hullibarger, William F., Jr. 5, 7 . 324 Tareyton Lane, Portsmouth, Va. Hume, Dr. David M. 9 . Medical College of Virginia Hospital, Richmond 19, Virginia * Humphreys, Dr. Marv E. 4 . Mary Baldwin College, Staunton, Va. Humphreys, Miss M. Gweneth 2 . Randolph-Macon Women’s College, Lynchburg, Va. Hundley, Dr. Louis R. 4 V.M.I., Dept, of Biology, Lexington, Va. —Hunt, Harvey L. 5, 7, 1 . 1411 N. Shore Drive, Norfolk, Va. —Hunter, Louise S. 2 Virginia State College, Petersburg, Va. Hurley John F. 10 . 1609 Pinewood Street, Falls Church, Va. Hurst David C. 12 . Dept. Statistics, V.P.L, Blacksburg, Va. Husted, Dr. Ladley 4 . Dept, of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. —Hyde, Dr. Austin T., Jr. 4 Rutherford Hospital, Rutherfordton, N. C. Ikenberrv, Dr. Emmert 2 310 West View Street, Harrisonburg, Va. —Dr. Frederick D. Inge 4 Hampton Institute, Hampton, Va. Ingersoll, Everett H . MCV Station, Richmond 19, Va. —Ingles, Andrew L. 4 . 1006— 3rd St., West Radford, Va. — Insley, Dr. E. G. 5 1233 Brent Street, Fredericksburg, Va. —Irby, Richard, Jr. 5 . 712 Spottswood Road, Richmond, Va. Jackson, Auzville, Jr. 7 . Reynolds Metal Building, Richmond 18, Va. —Jackson, Dr. H. W. 4 . Sanitary Engineering Center, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, 26, O. Jacobs, Prof. James A. 2 . Physics Dept., V.P.L, . Blacksburg, Va. James, Dr. G. Watson, III 9 . MCV Station, Richmond 19, Va. Jarrard, Dr. Leonard E. 10 . Washington & Lee University Lexington, Va. 228 The Virginia Journal of Science [September —Jeffers, Dr. George W. 4, 11 . Route 6, Farmville, Va. Jefferson, Miss Betty Lou 11, 4 . 1211 Forest Street, Danville, Va. Jeffreys, Dr. A. W., Jr. 10 . Western State Hospital, Staunton, Va. Jochen, Robert F. C, 4 . Box 666, University of Richmond, Va. Johnson, Dr. Harry I. 7, 5, 6 . 429 High St., Salem, Va. Johnson, James A., Jr. 5 1123 State Office Bldg. Richmond, 19, Va. Johnson, J. H. 6, 5 . Booker T. Washington High School, Norfolk 4, Va. —Johnson, Rose Mary 4 . Dept, of Biology, Sweet Briar College, Sweet Briar, Va. Johnston, Dr. Robert A. 10 . Box 255, University of Richmond, Richmond, Va. —Jones, Arthur R. 2 . 612 N. Main Street, Lexington, Va. Jones, Dr. E. Ruffin 4 . Dept, of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla. Jones, George D. 1, 4 . 309 Caroline Street, Orange, Va. Jones, J. Claggett 5 . 3906 Patterson Avenue, Richmond 21, Va. —Jones, Mrs. Louise L. 9 . MCV Station, Richmond 19, Va. Jones Muriel M. 3 . MCV Station, Richmond 19, Va. Jones, William F. 4 . 251 Cambell Avenue, Harrisonburg, Va. Jopson, Dr. Harry C. M. 4 . Bridgewater College, Bridgewater, Va. Joyce, Charles P. 8, 7 . RFD 2, Farmville, Va. —Joyner, Dr. W. T. 2 . Physics Department, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, Va. Kapp, Mary E. 5 . 901 W. Franklin St., Richmond, 20, Va. Kaster, Dwight L. 1 . 334 South Main Street, Manassas, Va. Kay, Dr. Saul 9 . MCV Station, Richmond 19, Va. Kaye, Dr. Sidney 9, 5 . 404 North 12th Street, Richmond 19, Va. Keach, Charles C. 10 . 2531 Holmes Run Drive, Falls Church, Va. *Kean, Dr. Robert H. 5 . 32 Old Farm Road “Bellair”, Charlottesville, Va. Keeble, Prof. W. H. 2 . Box 607, Ashland, Va. Keefe, William C. 4, 2 . 1303 Highland Avenue, Blacksburg, Va. Kelly, Dr. J. W., 9 Dept. Anat. MCV Station, Richmond 19, Va. —Kell, Dr. Joseph F., Jr. 9 . M.C.V. Station, Richmond 19, Va. Kelly, Dr. M. Mae 10 . School Board Office, Pearisburg, Va. Kent, Mrs. Cleo Q . Naruna, Campbell Co., Va. Kent, Professor George W. 10 . Bridgewater, Va. Kepner, Dr. William A. 4 . 29 Universitv Place, University, Va. Kindred, Dr. J. E. 9 . Box 1873, University Station, Charlottesville, Va. King, Mr, Irving R. 2 . 8207 Penobscott Road, Richmond 27, Va. King, Dr. Kendall W. 3, 4 . Dept, of Biochemistry & Nutrition, V.P.L, Blacksburg, Va. Kipps, M. S. 1 . 103 Cohee Road, Blacksburg, Va. *Kise Dr. M. A. 5 . Virginia Smelting Company, W. Norfolk, Va. Kizer, Franklin D. 11 . 7711 Woodman Road, Richmond 28, Va. 1961] Proceedings 1960-1961 229 Knighton, Dr. Holmes T. 9 . School of Dentistry MCV Station, Richmond 19, Va. Koch, Charles J. .... 1 900 N. Lombardy Street, Box 5367, Richmond 20, Va. Koppel, Leopold 5 . . . . 16 West Street, Fort Plain, N. Y. Kounnas, Chris N. 5 . 2709 West Grace Street, Richmond 21, Va. Kramer, Clyde Y. 12 . Dept, of Statistics, V.P.L, Blacksburg, Va. Kreshover, Dr. Seymour J. 9 . 5206 West Cedar Lane, Bethesda, Md. Kriegman, Mrs. Lois S. 10 . 26 Malvern Avenue, Richmond 26, Va. Krug, Dr. Robert C. 5 .... Department of Chemistry, V.P.L, Blacksburg, Va. Kulthau, Dr. A. R, 2 . 1615 Hardwood Avenue, Charlottesville, Va. Kunt, Mrs. Feriha S. 11, 5 . St. Margaret’s School, Tappahannock, Va. Kunz, Walter B. 5, 2, 6 .. American Viscose Corp., Marcus Hook, Penn. Knrzhals, Peter R. C, 7 . 133 Pochin Place, Hampton, Va. Kyle, Z. T. 6, 2 . Supv. of School Libraries & Text Books, State Dept, of Educ., State Office Bldg., Richmond, Va. Lackey, Miss T. Jacquelvn, 11, 4 . 322 Cherrv Avenue, Hampton, Va. Lacy, O. W. 10 . Trinitv College, Hartford 6, Conn. Lancaster, Dr. Dabney L. 6, 2 . Millboro Springs, Va. —Lancaster, Mr. J. L. 6 . 416 17th St., N. W., Charlottesville, Va. Lancaster, Morton H. 5, 1 . 404 Glendale Drive, Richmond 29, Va. Landis, Maureen C, 4 . 1612 Langhorne Road, Lvnchburg, Va. Lane, Charles F. 8 . Longwood College, Farmville, Va. *Lane Mr. E, H. 5 . The Lane Co., Altavista, Va. LaPrade, J. L. 1, 4 . P. O. Box 715, Chatham, Va. *Larew, Dr. Gillie A. . 2301 Rivermont Avenue, Lynchburg, Va. Larson, Dr. Paul S. 5, 9 . Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, Va. Larus & Brother Company 8 . Attn: Mr. A. T. Webster, Secy.-Treas., Richmond 17, Va, —Larus, C. D. 2 . Larus & Bros. Company, 22nd & Cary Street, Richmond, Va. —Latham, R. E. 2, 11 . Science Dept., Episcopal High School, Alexandria, Va. Lautenschlager, E. W. 4 . Dept, of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlotesville, Virginia Lawless, Dr. Kenneth R. 5 . Cobb Chemical Laboratory, Charlottesville, Va. ^Lawrence, Dr. C, K. 5 . 57 Montague Street, Brooklyn 1, N. Y. —Lee, Dr. Claudius 7 . . . Box 157, Blacksburg, Va. Lee, Prof. Mary Ann 2, 12 . Sweet Briar, Va. Leeper, Mrs, Annie S. 5 . 6727 Stuart Avenue, Richmond, Va. Lefebvre, Paul W. C, 4 . Price Hall, V.P.L, Blacksburg, Va. Lefever, Miss Grace B. 2 . . Eastern Mennonite College, Harrisonburg, Va. Leffler, Esther 5 . . . Sweet Briar College, Sweet Briar, Va. 230 The Virginia Journal of Science [September Leidecker, Prof. Kurt F. 6 . College Station, Box 1246, Fredericksburg, Va. — Leidheiser, Henry, Jr. 5, 2 . Va. Inst. Scientific Research, 326 North Boulevard, Richmond, Va. Leighton, Dr. A. T., Jr. 9 . Poultry Dept., V.P.I., Blacksburg, Va. Leonard, R. B . 104 Orchard View Lane, Blacksburg, Va. —Leone, Dr. Louis A. 9 . 19 Brentwood Avenue, Barrington, R. I. LeVan, Donald C. 8 . 112 Strarford Ct., Charlottesville, Va. Levin, Neal T. 5 . 118 Norman Road, Newark 6, N. J. **Lewis, Dr. Ivey F . 1110 Rugby Road, Charlottesville, Va. Lewis, Mrs. Karen 1. 9 . Hq. MATS, SJA, Scott AFB, III. Lewis, Penelope B. 10 . 1110 Rugby Road, Charlottesville, Va. Lindsey, Joseph F. 7 . Dept, of Industrial Engineering, V.P.L, Blacksburg, Va. *Line, Dr. Lloyd E., Jr. 2 . Texaco Experiment Inc., Richmond, Va. Linfield, Dr. B. Z. 2, 12 . 1324 Hill Top Road, Charlotesville, Va. Linney, Mrs. Dorothy P. 5 554 Almond Drive, Newport News, Va. —Little, Edwin D., Jr. 5 Box 221, Hopewell, Va. —Littleton, Dr. Leonidas R. 5, 2 . Emory, Va. Loh, Hung-Yu . Box 767, Blacksburg, Va. —Lombardi, Cerado J. 7, 12 .... 1705 Indiana, N. E., Albequerque, N. Mex. Long, Dr. John H. 2 . R. F. D. 2, Williamsburg, Va. Long, John M. 2, 12, 6 . 412 Fairfax Avenue, Norfolk, Va. Lowry, W. D. 8 . 206 Rose Avenue, Blacksburg, Va. Lucas, J. Richard 7, 8 . 102 Holden Hall, V.P.L, Blacksburg, Va. — Lundquist, Dr. Eugene 2 . P. O. Box 462, Hampton, Va. Lurate, Lt. Robert 8. 8 Co. C 1st ARB-58th Imp., Fort Benning, Ga. Lutz, Robert E. 5 . Cobb Chemical Laboratory, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. Lyons, Dr. Harry 9 . MCV Station, Richmond 19, Va. MacDougall, Capt. Hugh 10, 8, 4 . Fork Union Military Academy, Fork Union, Va. Macon, Evelyn T. 11, 4 . 1110 Griffin Street, Lynchburg, Va. Mahan, Dr. John G. 4 . Lynchburg College, Lynchburg, Va. Major, Dr. Randolph T. 5 . Cobb Chemical Laboratory, Charlottesville, Va. **Manahan, Dr. John E. 2, 4 . Scottsville, Va. Mandell, Alan 11, 4 . 4213 Hall Drive, Norfolk 6, Va. Mankin, W. D. 4 . . . Herndon, Va. Mantey, W. F. Jr. 5 . 54031/^ Queensbury Road, Richmond 26, Va. Mapp, John A. 10, 6 . 1416 Octavia Street, New Orleans 15, La. Margolis, Dr. George 9 . Dept, of Pathology, MCV Station, Richmond 19, Va. Markees, D. G. 4, 5 . Dept, of Chemistry & Physics Wells College, Aurora, New York 231 1961] Proceedings 1960-1961 Marlowe, Dr. Thomas J. 9 . Animal Husbandry Dept., V.P.I., Blacksburg, Va. Marmasse, Dr. Claude 2 . 1075 Brook Street, Indianapolis, Ind. Maroney, Samuel P., Jr. 4 . Dept, of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. —Martin, Dorothy A. 4 . 116 Bedford Ave., Apt. 2, Norfolk 8, Va. —Martin, Dr. Walter B. 9 . 301 Medical Towers, Norfolk 7, Va. Mason, Dr. A. H. 2 . 2407 N. Kenmore St., Arlington 7. Va. —Massey, Prof. A. B. 4, 1 . Box 95, Blacksburg, Va. Massey, Dr. P. H., Jr. 1 . 807 Gracelyn Court, Blacksburg, Va. Matthew, T. L., Jr. 10 . Beechwood, Box, 36 Doswell, Va. Mattus, Dr. George 1 . Agri. Exp. Station, V.P.I., Blacksburg, Va. Maurice, Mrs. Elmira C. 6, 4, 11 . 1208 W. 45th St., Richmond 24, Va. Maurice, H. A., Jr. 4 . 1907 W. 42nd Street, Richmond 25, Va. May, Margaret L. 4 . 7432 Landsworth Avenue, Richmond 28, Va. Maynard, William R., Jr. 5 . 1600 Michaels Road, Richmond 26, Va. McClurbin, John I. 4 . Box 214, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, Va. McCorkle, T. A. 5 . Longwood College, FarmvilTe, Va. McCrackan, Prof. Robert F. 5 . 41 Mill Road, Spartanburg, S. C. McDaniel, Dr. R. R. 2, 12 . Virginia State College, Petersburg, Va. McDarment, Capt. Corlev 4, 2 . Route 1, Box 205, Eau Gallie, Fla. McEwen, Dr. Nobel 10 . 401 College Ave., Ashland, Va. McCehee, Dr. Frances 10 2615 Rivermont Avenue, Lynchburg, Va. McGill, William M. 8, 6, 7, 5 . 1874 Wayside Place, Charlottesville, Va. McGuigan, F. J. 10 . Psychology Department, Hollins College, Hollins, Va. McHugh, Dr. J. L. 4 . Division of Biological Research, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Washington 25, D. C. Mclnteer, Warren H. 2 . 3100 Greencastle Road, Burtonsville, Md. McKee, Betty A. 9 . Apt. 2, 707 N. Colonial Avenue, Richmond, 21, Va. McKennis, Dr. Herbert, Jr. 9, 5 . MCV Station, Richmond 19, Va. McKillop, L. D. 5 . Box 117, Route 2, Glen Allen, Va. McNutt, Miss Peggy 11 . 8717 Plymouth Street, Silver Spring, Md. McPherson, Col. W. L. 5, 6 . Box 23, Blacksburg, Va. McShane, E. J. 2 . 209 Maury Ave., Charlottesville, Va. Mead, William M. 12 . 4913 Old Boonsboro Road, Lynchburg, Va. * Medical College of Virginia . Richmond, Va. Meem, Dr. J. L. 7 . School of Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. —Mellette, Dr. Susan J. 9 . Box 728, M.C.V. Station, Richmond 19, Va. Melton, Mr. Charles E, 2 . 4124 Royalview Road, Knoxville, Tenn. Mengebier, Dr. W. L. 4 . Dept, of Biology, Madison College, Harrisonburg, Va. Merck, Sharpe & Dohme B . Attn: Dr. Max Tishler, Research Laboratory, Rahway, N. J. 232 The Virginia Journal of Science [September Meredith, Dr. John M. 9 . 1200 East Broad Street, Richmond, Va. Messersmith, Mr. Donald H . Box 663, Radford College, Radford, Va. Meyer, W. J. 1 . 258 Windsor Avenue, Manassas, Va. — Midvette, James W., Jr. 1 . P. O. Box 228, Ashland, Va. Miles," John L., Jr. 10 . C/S Co., 1 B G, 11th Infantry, Fort Benning, Ga. Mill, Dr. Gyril R. 10 . Director, Psychological Services, Department of Mental Hygiene, 9 N. 12th St., Richmond 19, Va. Miller, Dr. Edwin D. 4 . 200 Monument Avenue, Harrisonburg, Va. Miller, G. Tyler 6 . Hillcrest, Madison College, Harrisonburg, Va. Miller, Dr. G. Tyler, Jr. 5 . Box 146, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydnev, Va. Miller, Mr. Lawrence I. 1 . Tidewater Research Station, Holland, Va. Miller, Russell 1, 9, 5 . Dept, of Biochemistry & Nutrition, V.P.I., Blacksburg, Va. Miller, Miss Vada C. 4, 5 . Route 1, Bridgewater, Va. Miller, Dr. W. Schuyler 5 . Box 202, Ashland, Va. Millham, John O. 5 . 3412 Hawthorne Avenue, Richmond 22, Va. — MiTlhiser, Fred R. 5 . 839 Jefferson Avenue, Waynesboro, Va. Mitchell, Dr. Richard S. 8 Dept, of Geology, Universitv of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. Moller, Dr. Elizabeth 10 . Sweet Briar College, Sweet Briar, Va. Monk, Dr. Charles 2 . Box 127, University of Richmond, Va. —Montgomery, Mrs. Dorothy D. 2 . Hollins College, Hollins, Va. * Moody, Warren L. 5 . 5 North 6th St., Richmond 19, Va. Moomaw, Rawie P. 5, 7 . 1233 Floyd Avenue, S. W., Roanoke, Va. Moon, Dr. J. H. 9 . Box 202, MCV Station, Richmond 19, Va. Moore, Robert C. 1 . Blacksburg, Va. Moran, Mrs. Leory 5 . 2552 Sweet Briar Avenue, S. W., Roanoke, Va. Moreland, Dr. J. Earl 10 . Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, Va. —Morgan, Mrs. William J. 10, 6 . Merrifield, Va. —Morgan, Dr. William J. 10 . Merrifield, Va. Philip Morris & Co. Ltd. Inc. B . . Attn: Helmut Wakeham, Div. of Research, P. O. Box 1895, Richmond 15, Va. Mosby, Dr. Henry S. 4 ... Dept. Forestry & Wildlife, V.P.I., Blacksburg, Va. Moschler, W. W. 1 . V.P.I., Agronomy Dept, Smyth Hall, Blacksburg, Va. —Moseley, John M. 5 . 108 N. Wilton Road, Richmond 26, Va. Moss, Donald C, 4 . Rt. 2, Box 165, Mineral, Va. Moulton, George B. 5 . Ghristchurch, Va. Mounter, L. A. 5 . Box 877, MGV Station, Richmond 19, Va. —Mullen, Dr. James W. 2, 7 . Box 1-T, Richmond 2, Va. Murden, William P. 7 . 5022 Sangamore Road, Washington, D. C. Murphy, Dr. Nelson F. 7, 5 . Box 104, Blacksburg, Va. —Murphy, R. S. 5 . 2514 McRae Road, Bon Air 35, Va. 1961] Proceedings 1960-1961 233 Murray, J. J., Jr. 4 . . . Dept, of Zoology & Comparative Anatomy, University Museum, Oxford, England Murray, Dr. J. J., Sr. 4 . 6 White Street, Lexington, Va. Myers, R. H. 12 . 106 Cohee Road, Blacksburg, Va. —Negus, Dr. Sidney S . M.C.V. Station, Richmond 19, Va. —Nelson, Dr. Charles M. 9 . 906 West Franklin Street, Richmond, Va. Nelson, Dr. E. Chfford 3, 9, 4 . M. C. V. Station, Richmond, Va. Nelson, Prof. Wilbur A. 8 . 208 MagnoHa Drive, Charlottesville, Va. Neveu, Dr. Maurice 5, 2 . Science Bldg., Longwood College, Farmville, Va. —Newman, Lt. Col. James B. 2 . 445 Institute Hill, Lexington, Va. #*«The Newport News Shipbuilding & Drydock Co. “B” .... Newport News, . Va. — Niemeyer, A. B., Jr. 5 . 85 Alywin Road, Craddock, Portsmouth, Va. Nordlie, Dr. Peter G. 10 . Human Sciences Research, Inc., 1408 N. Filmore Street, Arlington 1, Va. Norfolk & Western Railway Co. B . Attn: Mr. Martin P. Burks, Roanoke 17, Va. Norment, C. Russell, Jr. 11, 5, 2 . . Ellerson, Va. —Norris, Dean Earle B. 7, 2 . P. O, Box 26, Blacksburg, Va. Nuckols, J. T., Ill 8, 7 . Box 53 Bremo Bluff, Va. Nugent, T. J. 1 . . . Box 2160, Norfolk, Va. Nuwayser, Elie S. C, 5 . 303 Lexington Road, Richmond 26, Va. — Obenshain, Dr. S. S. 8 . . Blacksburg, Va. O’Donohue, Mrs. Cynthia H. 5 . 2903 Monument Avenue, Apt. 2, Richmond 21, Va. O’Donohue, W. J., Jr. 9 . 2903 Monument Avenue, Apt. 2, Richmond 21, Va. —Oglesby, Prof. E. J. 2 . . Box 1887, University Station, Charlottesville, Va. Old, Mrs. James E., Jr. 4 . P. O. Box 69, Point Harbor, N. C. Oldham, A. M. 5 . 1507 Young Street, Richmond 22, Va. Olivier, Dr. Charles P. 2 . 521 North Wynnewood Avenue, Narbeth, Penn. O’Meara, Eleanor W. 5 . 316 Alderman Road, Charlottesville, Va. —O’Neill, Mrs. Charles T . P. O. Box 711, Charlottesville, Va. Orcutt, Dr. F. S. 3, 4, 5 . 1305 Hillcrest Drive, Blacksburg, Va. O’Rear, Charles Edward 5 .... 1123 State Office Building, Richmond 19, Va. Osborne, J. Scott, Jr. 5 . 8719 Old Spring Road, Richmond 25, Va. Osborne, Dr. Paul J. 4 . Lynchburg College, Lynchburg, Va. Osvalds, Dr. V. 2 . P. O. Box 3445, University Station, Charlottesville, Va. Overcash, Mr. H. B. 4 . Hampden-Sydney, Va. Owen, Dr. Fletcher B. 9, 5 . Box 726, M.C.V. Station, Richmond, Va. Packard, Mr. Charles E. 4 . 501 S. Center Street, Ashland, Va. 234 The Virginia Journal of Science [September Pallotta, Dr. Arthur J. 5, 9 . Hazelton Laboratories, Box 30, Falls Church, Va. Pardue, Dr. Louis A. 2 . 1005 Airport Road, Blacksburg, Va. Pare, Edward E. 2 . College of William Mary in Norfolk Hampton Blvd. & Bolling Avenue, Norfolk, Va. Parker, Mr. M. M. 1 . Box 2160, Norfolk, Va. Parsons, Dr. William A. 7, 5 . 104 Highland Avenue, Blacksburg, Va. Partlow, Benjamin W. 5 . .. Box 518, Madison College, Harrisonburg, Va. Patterson, Dr. John L., Jr. 9 Box 282, MCV Station, Richmond 19, Va. Patterson, Dr. Paul M. 4 . Hollins College, Va. Patton, James B., Jr. 6 . State Department of Education, State Office Building, Richmond, Va. Paul, Lee E. 10 . M & S, FEA, Fort Lee, Va. Peabody, Dr. William A. 5, 9 4805 Brook Road, Richmond, Va. Pearman, Thomas B. 5 . Box 465, Mechanicsville, Va. Pedersen, Mr. P. M. 5, 2, 7, 12 . 4712 New Kent Road, Richmond 25, Va. Pegau, Lucy Byrd 4 . 1808 Winston Road, Chrlottesville, Va. —Perkins, Mrs. Frances R. 11, 2 2003 Le Suer Road, Richmond 26, Va. *^Perry, John L. 2 . 216 Fairlawn Avenue, Norfolk 12, Va. Pertzoff, Dr. V. A. 2 . 1820 Edgewood Lane, Charlottesville, Va. Peters, Capt. Philip B. 2 . Dept, of Physics, V.M.I., Lexington, Va. Petterson, Olga M. 9 . Box 727, M.C.V. Station, Richmond, Va. Pettus, William G. 2 . 410 Riverside Drive, Lynchburg, Va. Phillips, Dr. E. Lakin 10 415 E. Jefferson Street, Falls Church, Va. Phillips, Mrs. Margaret C. 2 . 114 Conway Ave., Norfolk 5, Va. Phillips Petroleum Company 8 . 740 Main Street, Grand Juncton, Colo. Phipps and Bird, Inc. B . 303 South 6th Street, Richmond, Va. Pickral, Colonel George M. 5 315 Letcher Avenue, Lexington, Va. —Pierce, Dr. J. Stanton 5 . 813 Roseneath Road, Richmond 21, Va. Pincus, Dr. Albert 9 . Central Natl. Bank Bldg., Richmond, Va. Pinschmidt, William C., Jr. 4 . Box 1132 College Station, Fredericksburg, Va. Pitman, W. J. 4 . 503 Olive Street, Murray, Ky. —Pitt, Lyndele A. 4, 5, 11 . 4303 New Kent Avenue, Richmond 25, Va. Pittman, Dr. Melvin A. 2 . College of William & Marv, Williamsburg, Va. Pitts, Prof. Frank P. 5 . Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, Va. Pitts, Dr. Grover G. 9 . Dept, of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. Pond, John W. 3 . 3916 Pilots Lane, Apt. 5, Richmond 22, Va. Powell, James R. c, 4 . Box 1089, University of Richmond, Va. Powell, Mr. W. Allan 5 . Box 86, University of Richmond, Richmond, Va. Powers and Anderson . 603 E. Main St., Richmond, Va. 235 1961] Proceedings 1960-1961 *Poythress, Wm. P. & Co., Inc. 5, 9 . Attn: A. G. Richardson, Chief Chemist, Box 2158, Richmond 17, Va. Price, Nelson O. 5, 9 . 107 Wharton St., Blacksburg, Va. — Psimas, Dr. C. N. 9 . Tyler Crescent, Portsmouth, Va. Puckett, Dr. Hugh 4 . . College of William & Mary, Norfolk, Va. Pugh, Jean E. 4 . Norfolk College of William & Mary, Norfolk, Va. Pullen, Dr. E. W. 9 . Dept. Anatomy, University of Va. Medical School, Charlottesville, Va. Pulliam, Miss E. 3 . 3516 Stuart Ave. Apts., Richmond, Va. — PurTee, Dr. E. Lee 5 . Box 106, Winthrop College Station, Rock Hill, S.C. —Quarles, Dr. Lawrence R. 7 . Thornton Hall, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. Rabinowitz, David 8, 4, 2 . 839 14th Street, Newport News, Va. Rageot, Roger 4 . Norfolk Museum of Art & Sciences, Norfolk 10, Va. ^Ragland, Richard S. 2 . 107 Sunset Boulevard, Blacksburg, Va. Ramey, Dr. Robert L. 2, 7 . Thornton Hall, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. Ramsey, Mr. John B., Jr. 2, 7 . 1420 Abingdon Drive, Apt. 201, Alexandria, Va. Ramsey, E. W. 8 . 516 Marilea Road, Richmond 25, Va. Ramsey, M. M. 8 . 126 Observatory Ave., Charlottesville, Va. —Ramsey, Dr. Robert W. 9 . Jordan Park Apts., 1402 Fernhill Drive, Fullerton, Penn. Randall, Mrs. Clifford W. 11 .... 4011 King Street, Apt. A, Portsmouth, Va. *Randolph-Macon Woman’s College . Lynchburg, Va. Randolph, W. B. F. 5, 3 . 2813 Keller Avenue, Norfolk 9, Va. Rappaport, Dr. Jacques Rappaport 4 . Miller School of Biology, Charlottesville, Va. Rasberry, Stanley D. C, 2 . Box 2180, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. Rayburn, Dr. C. H. 5 . 5212 Devonshire Rd., Richmond, Va. Redd, John B., Jr. 4 . Box 43, Powhatan, Va. Reeves, Major John H. 4 . Biology Department, V.M.L, Lexington, Va. Reid, Dr. J. Douglas 3 . University Heights, R. F. D. 13, Richmond, Va. Reitz, John E. 4 . 1414 Gordon Avenue, Charlottesville, Va. Remsburg, Mrs. Vera B. 4 . 284 Locust Street, Herndon, Va. * Rennie, C. Bruce 1, 7, 5 . Virginia-Carolina Chemical Corp. 401 East Main Street, Richmond, Va. *Rennie, James G. Jr. 2 . 1302 Greycourt Avenue, Richmond 27, Va. Rex, Alan C, 4 . Box 5308, Virginia Tech. Station, Blacksburg, Va. Reynolds, Charlotte Frances C, 4 . Box 977, Radford College, . . . Radford, Va. 236 The Virginia Journal of Science [September Reynolds Metals Company . Attn: Mr. R. S. Reynolds, Jr., 6601 West Broad Street, Richmond 30, Va. Rice, Dr. Nolan E. 4 . Box 169, University of Richmond, Richmond, Va. Rich, Dr. C. 1. 1 . Box 481, Blacksburg, Va. Rich, Dr. Gilbert J. 10 . 406 Allison Ave., S. W., Roanoke, Va. Richards, Mr. Walter L. 4 . 1502 Cedar Lane, Richmond 25, Va. Richardson, Ruth E. 11, 2 . 2921 Midlothian Pike, Richmond 24, Va. Richardson, Prof. W. 2 . 401 Roanoke Street, Blacksburg, Va. Ridley, Bromfield L . Dept, of Biology, V.M.I., Lexington, Va. RisTey, Miss A. Marguerite 2 ... Box 63, R. M. W. College, Lynchburg, Va. —Rison, J. Waddell . 1008 Mutual Building, Richmond 19, Va. Ritchey, Col. H. E. 5 . 213 Maiden Lane, Lexington, Va. Rittenbury, Dr. Max S. 9 . 8327 Whitewood Road, Richmond 25, Va. Roane, Curtis W. 1,4 . Dept. Plant Pathology & Physiology, V.P.L, Blacksburg, Va. Robbins, A. H. Company, Inc. B . 1407 Cummings Drive, Richmond, Va. Roberts, Clarence E. 8 . Apt. 10-B, Davidson Park, Lexington, Va. Roberts, Dr. Joseph K. 8 . Box 528, Hartsville, S. C. Roberts, J. W. 7 . 3204 Hawthorne Avenue, Richmond 22, Va. Roberts, Dr. Phyllis S. 9, 5 . Route 2, Box 300, Gaskins Road, Richmond 29, Va. Robeson, Dr. Andrew 2 . Kelsey Lane, Blacksburg, Va. Robey, Dr. Ashley 5 . P. O. Box 421, Salem. Va. Rodger, E. E. 1 . 1427 Gentry Lane, Gharlottesville, Va. Rodig, Dr. Oscar R. 5 . Cobb Chemical Laboratory, University of Virginia, Charlotesville, Va. Rosbash, Dr. David O. 5, 3 . 3516 Brymior Road, S. W., Roanoke, Va. Rose, Dale E. 11, 5 . Hampton High School, Hampton, Va. Rosenblatt, Prof. David 12, 4, 2 . 4220 Columbia Pike, Arlington 4, Va. Rosenzweig, Abraham Leon 3 . Veterans Administration Hospital, Richmond, Va. Ross, Robert D. 4 . 614 Airport Road, Blacksburg, Va. Ross, Sam J., Jr. 1 . . . P. O. Box 113, Madison, Va. Rosser, Shirley E. 2 . Lynchburg College, Lynchburg, Va. Roszell, David K. 5 . 601 West 26th Street, Richmond 25, Va. Row, Dr. Stuart B . 206 Eakin Stret, Blacksburg, Va. Rowe, Dr. Frederick B. 10 . 2209 Rivermont Avenue, Lynchburg, Va. Rowe, Maurice B. 1 . . 1123 State Office Bldg., Richmond 19, Va. Rowell, Dr. J. O. 4 . 305 Price Hall, V.P.L, Blacksburg, Va. —Rowlett, Dr. Russell J., Jr. 5 . 4606 Wythe Avenue, Richmond, Va. Rozsa, Dr. George 9, 5 . 6 Lexington Ave. Buffalo 22, N. Y Rudolph, Dr. Rosser A., Jr. 5 . 1100 Meadow Drive, EHerson, Va. Proceedings I960-- 1961 237 1961] Rimk, Dr. B. F. D. 4 . Dean of the Universtiy, Charlottesville, Va. Russell, Dr. Catherine M. 3 . Dept, of Micro-Biology University of Virginia Medical School, Charlottesville, Va. — Russell, Edgar V. 5 . V. P. L, Blacksburg, Va. Russell, Mary Vaughan 7 .... 9732 Glen Ave., Apt. 202, Silver Spring, Md. Ryman, Jacob F. 2 . . . Box 147, Blacksburg, Va. —Sacks, Dr. Jerome H, 9 . Box 273, MCV Station, Richmond 19, Va. Sadie, Dr. Alevander 5 . . . . . . . Nitrogen Division, Allied Chemical and Dye Corp., Hopewell, Va. Sadler, Mavis Marlene C, 4 . . Box 1013, Radford College, Radford, Va. Salder, O. P. 11 . Buckingham Central High School, Buckingham, Va. Sad, Dr. Sami I 9 . Dept, of Medicine, MCV Station, Richmond, Va. Samuel, Boyd L. 5, 1 . 1123 State Office Bldg., Richmond, Va. Sanders, Jerrell 2 . . 1546 Berkeley Avenue, Petersburg, Va. —Sanger, Dr. Wm. T. 9, 10, 6 . Medical College of Va., Richmond, Va. Sander, Major William C. 2 . 248 Stanmore Road, Baltimore 12, Md. —Scherer, Dr. J. H. 9 . . . 820 W. Franklin St, Richmond, Va. Scherer, W. B. 10 . . . . . Box 6113, Richmond 22, Va. Schillo, Richard J. 10 . . . . 517 Valley Drive, S. E., Vienna, Va. — Schmidt, R. C. 5 . . Box 5262, Richmond, Va. Schneider, Dr, Joseph 5 . P. O. Box (Apartado) 5858, Guayquil, Ecuador Schoenbaum, Alexander W. 5, 7 .... 403 Beechwood Drive, Richmond, Va. Scott, Dr. D. P. 9 . Allied Arts Building, Lynchburg, Va. Scott, Frances Deane 10, 6 . Woodstock Apt, 12, Lynchburg, Va. Scott, Fredrick R. 4, 2 . 115 Kennondale Lane, Richmond 26, Va. Scott, Marvin W. 4 . . . Longwood College, Farmville, Va. ** Stringfellow, and Scott . . . Richmond, Va. Scott, Dr. William W. 4 . Department Biology, V. P. L, Blacksburg, Va. Sears, C. E. 8, 7 . . . . . . Box 522, Blacksburg, Va. Sears, Dr. D, Scott 5 . 8131 Sawmill Avenue, Richmond 29, Va. Seligman, Dr. Robert B. 5 . . . Box 3-D, Richmond 6, Va. Sharpley, J. M. 3 . . . . 226 Pandova Street, Memphis, Tenn. Shelburne, Tilton E. 7, 8 . Box 3817, University Station, Charlottesville, Va. Shelton, George E. 5 . . . . . . Box 6-S, Richmond 17, Va. Shepherd, Mary G. 11, 5, 4 . . . . . 1643 Center Hill Drive, S. W., Roanoke, Va. Sheppard, Dr. L. Benjamin 9 . . 301 Medical Arts Bldg., Richmond, Va. —Sherwood, Mr. C. S. Ill 5, 6, 8 . Ill West Road, Portsmouth, Va. Shields, A. Randolph 4 . . . . 2318 10th St., N. E., Roanoke, Va. Shilhngton, Dr. James K. 5 . . . . Box 557 Lexington, Va. 238 The Virginia Journal of Science [September Sholes, Dr. Dillard M., Jr. 5, 9 . 203 West G., Elizabethton, Term. Showalter, Dr. A. M. 4, 1 . 310 Paul Street, Harrisonburg, Va. Shuey, Dr. Audrey M. 10 . 1059 Rivermont Terrace, Lynchburg, Va. *Shufflebarger, T. E., Jr. 8 . 606 Midday Lane, Alexandria, Va. Siegel, Dr. Herbert S. 1 . Poultry Dept., Virginia Agr. Exp. Station, Blacksburg, Va. Siegel, Dr. Paul B. 1 . Poultry Dept., V.P.I., Blacksburg, Va. —Silas, Dr. Gordon 10 . Roanoke College, Salem, Va. Silverberg, Dr. Jacob 10 . 2706 Melbourne Drive, Richmond 25, Va. Simmons, Roberta K. 10 . 1102 Colonial Avenue, Norfolk, Va. Simpkins, Pocahontas C. 4 . Box 1066, Radford College, Radford, Va. Simpson, Dr. R. L., Jr. 6, 9 .... Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, Va. —Simpson, Dr. T. McN., Jr. 2 . Ashland, Va. —Singleton, O. R., Jr. 7 . 49 Malvern Avenue, No. 6, Richmond 21, Va. — Singleton, Dr. W. Ralph 4 . Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charolettesville, Va. Sinott, Allen 8 . 32 Merritt Drive, Ternton, N. J. Sitler, Miss Ida 4 . 137 South Second St., Lehighton, Penn. Skinner, W. French 3, 9 . 5702 York Road, Richmond 26, Va. Slocum, Robert R. 2 . College of William & Mary in Norfolk Hampton Blvd. & Bolling Avenue, Norfolk, Va. — Sloope, Billy W. 2 . 8906 Penquin Road, Richmond, Va. Smart, Col. C. W. 5 . 449 Institute Hill, Lexington, Va. Smart, Grover C., Jr. 4 . Tidewater Research Station, Holland, Va. — Smart, Dr. Robert F. 4, 2 . Box 108, University of Richmond, Richmond, Va. Smiddy, Joseph C., Jr. 4 . Clinch Valley College, Wise, Va. Smith, Alvin H. 10, 6 . Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, Va. Smith, Bessie S. 10 . 26 Elm Ave., Hilton Village, Va. Smith, Dr. Burke M. 10 . 1649 Brandywine Drive, Charlottesvilfe, Va. — Smith, Foley F. 5, 9, 1 . Box 1420, Richmond, Va. Smith, Garland W. 7 . R. F. D. 2, York, Penn. Smith, Harry L. 1, 4 . 3404 Martin Avenue, Richmond, Va. Smith, Dr. J. Doyle 5 . Medical College of Va., Richmond, Va. Smith, Dr. LeRoy 9 . 1805 Monument Ave., Richmond, Va. Smith, Pauline 11 . Route 2, Box 434, Manassas, Va. ^Srnith, R. Blackwell 9 . 606 MCV Station, Richmond 19, Va. Smith, Robert L. 5 . 940 West Teak Street, Brea, Calif. Smith, Shirley E. 5 . 711 Todds Lane, Newport News, Va. Smithey, Dr. William R., Jr., 5 . Research Department, Virginia-CaroTina Chemical Corp. Richmond, Va. 239 1961] Proceedings 1960-1961 -- Snieszko, Dr. S. F. 3, 4 . Kearneysville, W. Va. Snoddy, Virginia C. 4, 5 . Jack Jouett Apts., Charlottesville, Va. Sommerville, Dr. R. C. 10 . 307 Vernon St., Lynchburg, Va. Sorensen, Harold F. 10 . 8001 Crescent Road, Norfolk, Va. Speidal, Dr. Carl C. 9, 4 . University, Va. Spencer, Dr. Edgar W. 8 . Geology Department, Washington & Lee University, Lexington, Va. Sprague, Elizabeth F. 2 . Sweet Briar College, Sweet Briar, Va. Stapelkamp, Mrs. Joan L. 5 . Research Lab. American Tobacco Co., 400 Petersburg Pike, Richmond 24, Va. Starling, Dr. James 4 . Main St., Lexington, Va. Trusts, State-Planters Bk. of Comm. & Attn: Mr. Charles E. Moore, V-Pres., Riehmond 14, Va. Steeves, Harrison S. C, 4 . 1962 Lewis Mt. Road, Charlottesville, Va. Jr. Steinhardt, R. G. 5, 2 . HolHns College, Va. Stern, Dr. E. George 7 . Box 361, Blacksburg, Va. Stevens, Eleanor B. 11, 2, 5, 4 . Fox croft School, Middleburg, Va. — Stevens, Dr. Kenneth P. 9, 4 . 404 E. Nelson Street, Lexington, Va. ~ Stevenson, Dr. Edward C. 2 . Box 1893, University Station, Charlottesville, Va. Stewart, John W. 2 . Dept, of Physics, McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Va. Stewart, Lawrence L. Jr. 5 . 2212 Hanover Avenue, Richmond, Va. Stewart, Miss Roberta A. 5 . Box 634, Hollins College, Va. * Strauss, Admiral Lewis L. 2, 1, 9 . Brandy Farm, Brandy Station, Va. Strickland, Dr. John C. 4 . Biology Dept., University of Richmond, Richmond, Va. ** Jr. Strudwick, Mr. Edmund . Fine Creek Mills, Va. Suter, Daniel B. 4 . Eastern Mennonite College, Harrisonburg, Va. * Sweet Briar College . Sweet Briar, Va. Swem, Dr. Earl G. 6 . 119 Chandler Court, Williamsburg, Va. Swertferger, Dr. Floyd F. 6, 10 . Longwood College, Farmville, Va. — Swezey, Dr. F. H. 5 . Box 1071, Waynesboro, Va. Swink, E. T. 7 . 910 Preston Avenue, Blacksburg, Va. Talley, Claude P. 5 . 5209 Sheridan Lane, Richmond, Va. Tatum, Charles E. C, 4 . 3851 North Ingleside Drive, Norfolk, Va. — Taylor, Henry M. 12 . Ravenswood, 8718 River Road, Richmond 26, Va. —Taylor, Mr. Jackson J. 2 . University of Richmond, Richmond, Va. 240 The Virginia Journal of Science [September Quality Products of cf^7V2/ia2^a/?v © A. T. Co. ft <5^ Uaikiuzizo- IS OUR MIDDLE NAME Proceedings 1960-1961 241 1961] Taylor, Dr. L. H. 1 . Agronomy Dept., V.P.I., Blacksburg, Va. —Taylor, Dr. Mildred E. 2 . Mary Baldwin College, Staunton, Va. Taylor, Dr. Raymond L. 4 . 1820 N. Johnson Street, Arlington 7, Va. Teass, F. Alex 4 . 239 S. Princeton Circle, Lynchburg, Va. Tebo, Dr. Edith J. 2 . 53 East End Avenue, Shrewsburg, N. ]. Temple, William T. 5 . 1712 Monticello Avenue, Petersburg, Va. Tenney, Eleanor 11, 4 . Montpeher High School, Beaver Dam, Va. Tenney, Dr. Wilton R. 3 . Box 414, University of Richmond. Va. — Thalhimer, Dr. Morton G . 3202 Monument Ave., Richmond, Va. The Texaco Experiment, Inc . Box 1-T, Zone 2, Richmond, Va. Thomas, Herbert H. 1 . Box 145, Madison, Va. — Thompson, Dr. Dorothy D. . Box 32, Sweet Briar College, Sweet Briar, Va. Thompson, Ertle 5, 11 . 1810 Chelsea Drive, Charlottesville, Va. Thompson, Jesse C. 4 . . Biology Department, Hollins College, Hollins, Va. Thompson, Norman R. 4 . Dairy Science Department, V. P. I., Blacksburg, Va. * Thompson, Dr. W. T., Jr. 9 . MCV Hospital, Richmond 19, Va. ^Thomsen, Dr. Lillian 4 . Mary Baldwin College, Staunton, Va. Thornton, Dr. Nan V. 5 . Box 292, R. M. W. College, Lynchburg, Va. -Thornton, Dr. S. F. 1 . P. O. Box 1940, Norfolk, Va. — Thurmaier, Dr. Roland Joseph 337 N. James Avenue, Waynesboro, Va. Tischler, Morris S. 11, 5 . Fairfax High School, Fahfax, Va. Toker, William J. 2 . Dept, of Physics, V.M.I., Lexington, Va. Tolbert, Dr. E. L. 10 . Madison College, Harrisonburg, Va. Toone, Dr. Elam C,, Jr. 9 . 1200 East Broad, St., Richmond, Va. Totten, A. I., Jr. 7 . Reynolds Metal Company, 519 Summit Avenue, Richmond, Va. Tovazzo, Dr. Gino 5 . Villa Concordia, Mira-Porte, Venezia, Italy. Trainer, Frank W. 8 . Dept, of Geology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va, Trout, Dr. William E., Jr. 5 Box 64, University of Richmond, Richmond, Va. Trout, William E., HI C, 4 . Dept, of Zoology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind. Troutman, Joseph L. 1 . Virginia Agricultural Experiment Sta., Chatham, Va. Truitt, Prof. R. W. 7 . Aero Engr. Dept., V. P. I., Blacksburg, Va. Tucker, Ellis N. 11, 2 . . . Woodberry Forest, Va. 242 The Virginia Journal of Science [September Tucker, Capt. John R. 2 . Dept, of Physics, V.M.I., Lexington, Va. —Turner, Edward F., Jr 2 . 13 University Place, Lexington, Va. —Turner, Dr. J. V., Jr. 9 . 904 Professional Bldg., Richmond, Va. Turner, Dr. Malcolm E. 12 . 7007 Lakewood Drive, Richmond 29, Va. Uh'ich, Dale 2 . Bridgewater College, Bridgewater, Va. Umphlett, Clyde J. 4 Dept, of Botany, U.N.C., Chapel Hill, N. C. —Updike, Dr. I. A. 5, 6 . 304 Henry Street, Ashland, Va. —Updike, Dr. O. L., Jr. 7, 5 . Thornton Hall, University of Virginia — Valentine, C. Braxton 5, 9 . Box 7306, Richmond 21, Va. Valentine, Granville G., Jr. 5, 9, 3 . Box 7306, Richmond 21, Va. Van Engel, Willard A. 4 . Virginia Fisheries Laboratories, Gloucester Paint, Va. Varnier, H. E. 7 . 6401 Clydewood Avenue, Richmond, Va. — Varsel, Charles 5 . 7825 Granite Hall Avenue, Richmond 25, Va. Vaughan, Dr. John D. 5 . 217 Washington Street, Blacksburg, Va. Vaughan, Laura M. C, 4 . Box 1185, Radford College, Radford, Va. Vaughan, Dr. W. S., Jr. 5 . 10422 Merrigan Road, Richmond 35, Va. Vaughan, Dr. W. S., Jr. 10 . i . 1407 Alice Court, Falls Church, Va Via, Betty Carolyn 4 . . 2228 Carter Road, Roanoke, Va. Vingiello, Dr. Frank 5 . 408 Roanoke St., Blacksburg, Va. Virginia-Carolina Chemical Corp . Research Department Library, Box 1136, Richmond 8, Va. * Virginia Military Institute . Lexington, Va. * Virginia Polytechnic Institute, . Blacksburg, Va. Volk, Dr. Wesley A. 4 . Dept, of Microbiology, School of Med., University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. Wagner, Mr. John R . 1300 E. Main Street, Richmond 19, Va. Walker, Frank S., Jr. 1 . Box 506, Orange, Va. Walker, Dr. Paul A. 4 . Dept, of Biology, Randolph Macron Woman’s College, Lynchburg, V.a Walker, Mr. R. J. 9, 1, 6 . P. O. Box 313, Newport News, Va. Wallace, Donald S. 7 . Box 3094, University Station, Charlottesville, Va. Waller, Mrs. Marion 9 . 3607 Florida Avenue, Richmond, 22, Va. Wallerstein, Dr. Emanuel U. 9 . Professional Bldg., Richmond, Va. —Walsh, Mrs .Martha L. 11, 5 1819 Chesterfield Avenue, McLean, Va. Walton, Dr. Leon J. 9 . 713 Shenandoah Life Bldg., Roanoke, Va. —Walton, Miss Lucile 4 . 1116 East Main Street, Danville, Va. —Walton, Miss Margaret 4 . 1116 East Main Street, Danville, Va. Ward, Dr. John W. 5, 9 . A. H. Robbins Co., Inc., 1407 Cummings Drive, Richmond, Va. — Ward, L. E., Jr. 1, 7 . One Morris Street, Apt. 408, ‘ Charleston, W. Va. Proceedings 1960-1961 243 1961] Warren, Dr. Percy H. 4 . Madison College, Harrisonburg, Va. —Wartmen, William B., Jr. 5 . 1020 Horsepen Road, Richmond, Va. * Washington & Lee University . Dr. William H. Hinton, Lexington, Va. Watkins, Miss Leslie V. 2, 4 . 419 Day Avenue, S.W., Roanoke, Va. Watson, Douglas F. 9 . 109 Sunset Boulevard, Blacksburg, Va. Watson, Dr. John W. 5 . Box 75, Blacksburg, Va. Watson, Dr. William L. 1 Box 327, Virginia State College, Petersburg, Va. Watt, Joe T., Jr. 7 . Box 415, Laredo, Tex. Watt, Dr. William J. 5 . . Box 402, Washington & Lee University, Lexington, Va. Watts, Mrs. P. W. 4 . 816 Park Avenue, Richmond 20, Va. Weaver, Miss L. M. 11, 2 . . Huntington High School, Newport News, Va. —Weaver, Col. R. C. 2 . 404 V.M.I. Parade, Lexington, Va. Weaver, Dr. Warren E. 5, 9, 6 . 5910 Upham Drive, Richmond 27, Va. Webb, L. W., Jr. 2, 7 . 5234 Edgewater Drive, Norfolk 8, Va. Weeks, Edna M. 11 . Box 614, Salem, Va. — Weeks, Elie 12 . Chief, Food and Container Branch, QMR & DFEA, Fort Lee, Va. Weiland, Elizabeth 4 . 3634 Fort Avenue, Lynchburg, Va. Weir, Dr. Robert J. 1 . Hazelton Laboratories, Box 30, Falls Church, Va. Wells, Carolyn 4 . Dept. Biology, Longwood College, Farmville, Va. ~ West, Warwick R., Jr. 4 . Box 248, University of Richmond, Richmond, Va. Westbrook, Dr. C. Hart 10 . 17 Towana Road, Richmond, Va. Vestbrook, John James HI 5 . Box 574, Chester, Va. Vhite, John E. 12 . Bridgewater College, Bridgewater, Va. Vhitehead, W. M. 11 . Virginia State School, Hampton, Va. Vhitehurst, Prof. W, H. 4 . Box 422, Lawrenceville, Va. Whittemore, Dean J. 6, 7 . 900 Draper Road, Blacksburg, Va. Whittenburg, Dr. John A. 10 . 215 51st Street, Virginia Beach, Va. Whyburn, Gordon T. 2 . Pavilion HI, West Lawn, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. Wickham, James E., Jr. 5, 4 . Box 142, Ashland, Va. Wikswo, Mrs. Leonora A. 2 . Box 241, Amherset, Va. Wiley, Robert M, 5 . 900 Ruthford Road, Richmond 25, Va. — Willey, C. R. 4 . Room 325, 203 N. Governor Street, Richmond 19, Va. McCOMAS RESEARCH CENTER to provide for growing basic research program The opening of our new research center this month will provide us with an opportunity for even more extensive basic research into the physical sciences. The new laboratories and in¬ strumentation will facilitate comprehensive studies into the basic nature of tobacco, smoke and smoke flavor as well as in¬ tensify our corporate research into packaging and adhesive ma¬ terials. We are looking forward to the achievements to come from this new laboratory complex. We sincerely believe our greater em¬ phasis on fundamental research will be an important factor in the continued growth of both our company and the industries we serve. PHTTJP MORRIS 1961] Williams, Dr. A. S. 1 Proceedings 1960-1961 245 Dept, of Plant Pathology & Physiology, V. P. L, Blacksburg, Va. ** Williams, Dr. Carrington 9 . 805 West Franklin St., Richmond 20, Va. Williams, Kenneth D. 2 . 1239 Winston Avenue, Baltimore 12, Md. ^ ^Williams, Lewis C. 6, 12, 10 . 1001 E. Main St., Richmond, Va. — Williams, Dr. Stanley B. 10 . Dept, of Psychology, William & Mary College, Williamsburg, Va. Williams, Mrs. Stanley B. 10 . 504 Newport Avenue, Williamsburg, Va. Williamson, T. G. 7 . Dept, of Nuclear Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. Wills, Wirt H. 1, 4 . Box 430, Chatham, Va. Wilson, Dr. I. D. 9, 4, 1 . 1303 Oak Drive, Blacksburg, Va. Wiltshire, Mrs. James W., Jr. 4 . Randolph-Macon Woman's College, Lynchburg, Va. Wine, Dr. R. Lowell 12 . Route 1, Box 311, Roanoke, Va. Wingard, S. A. 4, 1 . Box 425, V.P.I., Blacksburg, Va. Wingo, Dr. Alfred L. 6, 5, 1, 10 . State Board of Education, Richmond, Va. Winsten, Dr. Benjamin 10 . 126 Thirtieth Street, Newport News, Va. Winter, John A. 12 . 216 Easterly Parkway, State College, Penn. Wise, Dr. John H. 5, 2, 6 . Department of Chemistry, Washington & Lee University, Lexington 6, Va. Wisman, Dr. E. L. 5 . Dept, of Biochemistry & Nutrition, V.P.L, Blacksburg, Va. Wood, Dr. John Thornton 4, 9 10 . 1528 Greenview Drive, Ann Arbor, Mich. Wood, Robert S . c/o Dr. Russell Bethel, St. Anne’s Road, Meadowbrook Heights, Charlottesville, Va. Woodland, Dr. John T. 4 . 113 Gainsboro Street, Boston 14, Mass. —Woodson, Bernard R., Jr. 4 . Virginia State College, Petersburg, Va. Woolcott, William S. 4 . Box 296, University of Richmond, Richmond, Va. Worsham, James E., Jr. 5, 2 . Dept, of Physics, Room 6-310, M. I. T., Cambridge 44, Mass. Wright, H. E., Jr. 5 . 5500 Queensbury Road, Richmond, Va. Wright, Mary P. 5 . 609 Roseneath Road, Richmond 21, Va. Yoe, Dr. J. H. 5 . University, Va. Yoho, Dr. Clayton W . 2061 5th Street, Racine, Wis. Yonce, W. 1. 5, 12 . 709 Frances Street, Hopewell, Va. —York, James E., Jr. . 1006 Baywood Court, Richmond, Va. 246 The Virginia Journal of Science [September Representing the Most Respected Manufacturers in the Laboratory Supply Industry Corning Glass • Kimble Glass • Coors Porcelain • Nalge Plastics • Sheldon Furniture • Beckman Instruments • Coleman Instru¬ ments • American Optical Com¬ pany • Bausch & Lomb, Inc. • Eberbach Corporation • Inter¬ national Equipment Company • Burrell Corporation • Labora¬ tory Equipment Company • Ainsworth Balance • Ohaus Balance • U.S. Stoneware • J. T. Baker Chemicals • Mal- linckrodt Chemicals • Matheson Coleman & Bell Organics • Precision Scientific Company • Labline, Inc. • Thermolyne Corporation • Buehler, Ltd. • Baltimore Biological • Difco Laboratories • Wm. Boekel & Company • Humboldt Manufac¬ turing Company • Hevi-Duty Electric Company • W. A. Taylor Company • Sartorious Balance • Torsion Balance • Hellige, Inc. • Plus Many Others. Serving the South for over 35 years [PGO DEPPS (I^EDDEHEEtDcas. 7 MANUFACTURERS AND DISTRIBUTORS OF SCIENTIFIC EQUIPMENT / C> / «TH & BYRD STREETS — RICHMOND, VA. PHONE MI 4-5401 Proceedings 1960-1961 247 1961] _ Youden, Dr. W. J. 12 . . National Bureau of Standards, Washington 25, D. C. * Young, Dr. Fred W., Jr. 5 . 7213 Sheffield Drive, Knoxville 19, Tenn. * Young, Dr. Nelson F. 5 . Medical College of Virginia Hospital, Richmond 19, Va. Young, Dr. Robert S. 8 . 114 West Park Drive, Charlottesville, Va. — Young, Mr. Roderick W. 1 . . Box 66, Blacksburg, Va. Zaneveld, Dr. Jacques S. 4 . 1334 Upper Brandon Place, Norfolk, Va. — Zipf, Dr. Elizabeth M. 4 . 316 Kingston Avenue, Barrington, N. J. Zuk, Dr. William 7 . . . . . Thornton Hall, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. Filial Biblioteki Akademii Nauk SSSR . . . Ballijsky Pos. 42-G, Moscow D-219, USSR Cos. Nauchn. Biblioteka . Minist. Vyssh. Obraz., PI. Nogina 2/5, Moscow USSR LindstahTe Lilia Boklada . Subscr. 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Patterson, Secretary Foley F. Smith, Treasurer William B. Wartman, Jr., Assistant Secretary -Treasurer COUNCIL Susie V. Floyd (1965) Stanley B. Williams (1964) William M. Hinton (1963) Harry M. Jopson (1963) Herbert W. K. Fitzroy (1962) J. C. Forbes (1962) Thomas E. Gilmer (1961) William G. Guy (1961) Walter S. Flory Jackson J. Taylor Robert D. Ross Robert Krai SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES