AS) onc nm fan ar ren Pk Gem lb ay ba $ % i 8 t ' ‘iy os au ae any eave jj ta ARTHUR CURTISS JAMES Voie p / mot, U. S. S. ‘ALBATROSS’ IN LOWER CALIFORNIAN SEAS : ) 2 CRUISE OF 1911 TT { | Articles collected from the )* AMERICAN MUSEUM BULLETIN hs and NOVITATES, and from fe ZOOLOGICA; “Gf ‘the N ; years 1912-1925 \ By C. H. TowNSEND J. A. GROSSBECK kK: P. ScumMiptT H. L. CLarkK A. L. TREADWELL R. C. OsBuRN C. B. WILSON J. T. NIcHOLS M. J. RATHBUN M. C. DickERSON C. R. SHOEMAKER [VMI IONE A LO ARTHUR CURTISS JAMES Trustee of The American Museum of Natural History, 1903- 1923, expert sailor and navigator of many seas, Commander of the ‘Aloha,’ late Commodore of the New York Yacht Club. Through his generous confidence one of the last great voyages of the famous U. 8S. S. ‘Albatross’ namely, the cruise of 1911, , was financed. The discoveries described in this volume form a fitting climax to the history of the ship designed by Spencer F. Baird and launched in 1882. CONTENTS Introduction. By C. H. Townsend. 1.—Voyage of the ‘ Albatross’ to the Gulf of California in 1911. By Charles Haskins - Townsend. 2.—The Northern Elephant Seal. By Charles Haskins Townsend. 3.—Mammals Collected in Lower California, with Descriptions of New Species. By Charles Haskins Townsend. 4.—List of Insects Collected in Lower California. By John A. Grossbeck. 5.—Echinoderms from Lower California, with Descriptions of New Species. By Hubert Lyman Clark. 6.—Shore Fishes Collected by the ‘ Albatross’ Expedition in Lower California, with Descriptions of New Species. By Raymond C. Osburn and John Treadwell Nichols. -7.—Diagnoses of Twenty-three New Species and a New Genus of Lizards from Lower California. By M. C. Dickerson. 8.—The Amphibians and Reptiles of Lower California and the Neighboring Islands. By Karl Patterson Schmidt. 9.—Birds Collected in Lower California. By Charles Haskins Townsend. 10.—Polychztous Annelids from Lower California with Descriptions of New Species. By Aaron L. Treadwell. 11.—A New Genus and Species of Parasitic Copepod from Lower California. By Charles Branch Wilson. 12.—Echinoderms from Lower California, with Descriptions of New Species: Supple- mentary Report. By Hubert Lyman Clark. — 13.—The Brachyuran Crabs Collected by the U. S. Fisheries Steamer ‘Albatross’ in 1911, Chiefly on the West Coast of Mexico. By Mary J. Rathbun. 14.—Deep Sea Fishes of the ‘Albatross’ Lower California Expedition. By Charles H. Townsend and John T: Nichols. 15.—The Amphipoda Collected by the United States Fisheries Steamer ‘Albatross’ in 1911, Chiefly in the Gulf of California. By Clarence R. Shoemaker. INTRODUCTION The work of the ‘Albatross’ in the Lower California region, as set forth in the fifteen reports comprising this volume, added much to what was already known of a section of coast and sea bottom occupying an intermediate position between the previously explored North Pacific and Panamic regions. During many years of hydrographic and fisheries work by this vessel, between California and Alaska, and also between Panama, the Galapagos Islands and southern Mexico, oceanographic knowledge respecting the eastern Pacific had been greatly advanced. The narrow, elevated and arid peninsula of Lower California, nearly 800 miles long, that forms the western boundary of the great Gulf of California, has many forms of animal and plant life that are peculiarly its own, especially inits southern part, which touches the Tropic of Cancer. The littoral marine fauna‘is no less interesting, the region being a meeting ground of many northern and subtropical forms. The pearl oyster is found far up toward the head of the Gulf, while corals of several species extend well into it. Clipperton, the only true atoll in the eastern Pacific, lies 600 miles below the mouth of the Gulf. The Pacific green turtle abounds on both- sides of the Peninsula and the tortoise-shell about its southern end. Two species of marine mammals of Antarctic origin, the ,elephant seal and the Guadalupe fur seal, were formerly abundant along the entire west coast of the Peninsula, while the Cali- fornia sea-lion finds the southern limit of its range at the mouth of the Gulf. There are no other pinnipeds in this region. The surface waters of the Gulf are decidedly warmer than in corre- sponding latitudes just outside of it and here sea birds of subtropical distribution abound. Boobies are found throughout the Gulf and the frigate bird and the tropic bird about its mouth. Certain auklets reach here their southern limits of ‘distribution. Ocean depths of 2000 fathoms are found within the sont of the Gulf, the thousand fathom curve extends nearly a third of its length inland, and the hundred fathom line to its northern end. Bottom temperatures in the Gulf ranged from 49° Fahrenheit down to 44° in depths of 200 to 360 fathoms, and 37° in depths of 800 to 1000 fathoms. Bottom temperatures of 36° were found in the mouth of the Gulf at depths of 1200 to 1500 fathoms. Off Cape San Lucas in 630 fathoms, the bottom temperature was 39°, while at the surface it was 73°, a differ- ence of 34°. Currents along the west side of the Peninsulaare in panei southerly, those below the mouth of the Gulf northerly. ‘iv Introduction Vv The Gulf, 700 miles in length by 100 in average width, has an abun- dant and varied fish fauna. Its fishery resources, although great, remain undeveloped except for the important pearl-shell industry, in connection with which an original method of pearl-oyster cultivation is practiced. A dozen species of subtropical food fishes of Atlantic origin are found here unchanged; whales are common and porpoises abound. Sword- fish, sailfish and tuna have been taken in considerable numbers by the sportsmen. Anaccount of the fishery resources of the region will be found in the first paper, pages 433 to 452. The mouth of the Gulf is nearly 300 miles in width between Cape San Lucas and Cape Corrientes. With a salubrious climate, good harbors, and known to civilization since the time of Cortez, it has but a sparse population about its shores, and that largely.at the southern part. The Gulf remains practically an unsailed sea for the sole reason ‘that its northern end does not touch United States territory. It should be a highway of ocean traffic to the west coast of tropical America. Large zodlogical and botanical collections were made by the ‘ Alba- _tross’ Expedition of 1911, along both coasts of the Peninsula and on islands in the Gulf, while oceanographic work was carried on daily during the voyage of more than a thousand miles from Cape San Lucas to Mon- terey, California. The hauls of the dredge along ‘this course yielded hundreds of deep-sea fishes and thousands of invertebrates from depths varying from 284 to 1760 fathoms. Seven of these were in depths greater than one mile, one being in a depth of two miles. The large collection of deep-sea fishes brought back by the expedition contains 49 species, that of shore fishes 185 species. The collection of echinoderms numbered 2343 specimens of 117 species, and of brachyuran crabs 56 species. All of these collections were productive of species hitherto unknown. The very large collection of mollusks from deep water and along shore contains so many new and previously known forms that it is being reported upon at great length by Dr. Paul Bartsch. The work will be published in separate volumes abundantly illustrated, volume one being practically completed both as to text and illustrations. The studies already made show that there is a close affinity with the molluscan fauna of the Panamic region. Members of widely distributed groups are com- mon to both areas, while those less widely distributed show marked diversion from those of the Panamic faunal area, and less close relation- ship with those of the California faunal area extending from the end of the Peninsula northward to Santa Barbara, California. It is found that the mollusks dredged in Magdalena Bay are related to those of the Gulf vi Introduction and not to those along the west coast of the Peninsula, indicating that this great lagoon was formerly connected with the Gulf, from which it is now separated by low land. There are descriptions and figures of all mollusks collected by the expedition, as well as those described from the Mazat- lanic faunal area, centering at the mouth of the Gulf. The report will therefore serve as a manual of the mollusks of this region. The progress of the dredging work from Cape San Lucas to Monterey, California, is set forth in Part One, pages 431 to 433. The records of soundings made at all dredging stations usually include air, surface, and bottom temperatures, with mud samples, and in some cases specimens of bottom water. Daily records of air and surface temperatures were kept by each watch throughout the voyage. All of the deep-sea soundings plotted on navigational charts of the Lower California region were made during previous voyages of the ‘Albatross.’ They show all that is known respecting the position of the 1000 and the 2000 fathom lines of depth. The bottom temperatures and other records connected with them are set forth in “Records and Bibliography of the ‘Albatross,’ ”’ published by the U. 8S. Bureau of Fisheries. The deep-water soundings made during the voyage of 1911 will be added. : The comparatively small number of new forms of fishes and inverte- brates dredged from deep water is doubtless due to the abundant dredg- ings previously made by the ‘Albatross’ both north and south of the Lower California region and during three earlier voyages into the Gulf. The dredgings in general have thrown much light on the subject of the distribution and bathymetric range of deep-sea forms. More than 450 specimens of reptiles of 63 species were obtained along the shores of the Peninsula and on islands in the Gulf. Of these, nineteen have been described as new. The total number of species of reptiles known to Lower California and the Gulf islands is 149. The reptilian fauna of the Peninsula has been derived from the north; that of the islands is related to it except in the case of those near the coast of Sonora. An interesting feature of the collecting work on certain of the Gulf islands was the dis- covery of lizards of large size, one (Ctenosaurus) exceeding thirty inches in length. The collection of hundreds of birds and mammals contained several new species, all of which were from islands in the Gulf. The vegetation of Lower California may be roughly divided into that of the northern and central parts related to the flora of the southwestern United States and that of the southern end related in part to the flora of the Mexican main- land, from which it is, however, widely separated by the deep mouth of Introduction vil the Gulf. The botanical collections were very extensive and contained many new species. The cacti of many kinds have been included in the great monograph of that family recently published in sumptuous form by the Carnegie Institution of Washington. The general character of the localities visited and the progress of the work at each anchorage are commented upon briefly in the first paper. CHARLES HASKINS TOWNSEND. ScieNTIFIC RESULTS OF THE EXPEDITION TO THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA IN CHARGE oF C. H. TownsEnpD, By THE U. S. FisHerres STEAM- _ sHip ‘ ALBATROSS’ IN 1911. Commanprr G. H. Burracs, U.S. N., COMMANDING. Published by Permission of the U. 8. Commissioner of Fisheries. Voyage of the ‘Albatross’ to the Gulf of California in 1911. By CuHarues Haskins TownsEnD. BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL. HISTORY. VoL. XXXV, Art. XXIV, pp. 399-476. New York, August 2, 1916. ScIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE EXPEDITION TO THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA III. EV: IN CHARGE OF C. H. TowNsEND, By THE U. S. FISHERIES STEAMSHIP “ALBATROSS” IN 1911. CommanperR G. H. Burraaeg, U. S. N., COMMANDING. Published by Permission of the U. S. Commissioner of Fisheries. Zoological Papers Published. Voyage of the ‘Albatross’ to the Gulf of California in 1911. By Charles Haskins Townsend. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXXV, Art. xxiv, pp. 399-476. July, 1916. ‘ The Northern Elephant Seal. By Charles Haskins Townsend. Zoologica. N. Y. Zodl. Soc., Vol. I, No. 8, pp. 155-173, figs. 52-72. N.Y. April 15, 1912. + Mammals Collected in Lower California, with Descriptions of New Species. By Charles Haskins Townsend. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. XX XI, Art. xii, pp. 117-130, 4 illust. June 14, 1912. List of Insects Collected in Lower California. By John A. Grossbeck. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. XX XI, Art. xxiv, pp. 323-326. Sept. 13, 1912. Echinoderms from Lower California with Descriptions of New Species. By Hubert Lyman Clark. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXXII, Art. vill, pp. 185-236. July 9, 1913. Shore Fishes from Lower California with Descriptions of New Species. By Raymond C. Osburn and John Treadwell Nichols. Bull, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. XX XV, Art. xvi, pp. 139-181, figs. 1-15. May 26, 1916. Zoblogical Papers in Preparation. Birds Collected in Lower California. C. H. Townsend. Deep-sea Fishes from the Lower California Region. C. H. Townsend. Reptiles from Lower California. M. C. Dickerson. Mollusca of the Lower California Region. Paul Bartsch. Invertebrates other than Echinoderms and Mollusks. (Yet to be assigned for study.) Botanical Papers Published. The Agaves of Lower California, By William Trelease. Report Mo. Bot. Gard. 1911, pp. 37-65. Botanical Exploration in Lower California, By J. N. Rose. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. Dec. 1911, pp. 263-272. Monograph of the Huyeae, By Smith and Rose. Part 12, Contrib. U. 8. Nat. Mus., Vol. 16. Mamillaria arida, Rose: Monatsschrift fur Kakteenkund, Vol. 23, p. 181. Botanical Papers in Preparation. Monograph of the Cacti, Britton and Rose. a sales Article XXIV.— VOYAGE OF THE ‘ALBATROSS’ TO THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA IN 1911. By CHARLES Haskins ToOwNSEND. By a special arrangement with the United States Bureau of Fisheries, the American Museum of Natural History, The New York Zoélogical Society, the New York Botanical Garden and the United States National Museum, coéperated in a two months’ voyage of the ‘ Albatross’ in the Lower Cali- fornia region early in the year 1911. Mr. Arthur Curtiss James, a Trustee of the American Museum, con- tributed $7,500 to the expedition. The Zodlogical Society and the Botanical Garden each contributed $1,000. The National Museum contributed the services of a naturalist. The Bureau of Fisheries furnished the ‘ Albatross,’ with her officers and crew. The various collections were to become the property of the institutions participating: all the preserved zodlogical collections to the American Mu- seum, with a series to the National Museum; all the living specimens to the Zodlogical Society and the botanical collections to the Botanical Garden. The Bureau of Fisheries desired information respecting the fish and fisheries and the oceanographical features of Lower California and the Gulf region, referring especially to the desirability of further knowledge regard- ing the supply of edible fishes, oysters and turtles, with the view to inaugu- rating a fish trade with our southwestern states. The ‘ Albatross’ being available for two months only, the voyage was accordingly arranged to include brief visits to as many different parts of the coast and islands as practicable, leaving time for considerable deep sea work during the return trip. The following itinerary shows that anchorages were made at thirty different points where marine and shore explorations were made: Ports Visited Arrival Departure RELIG Piet ery Jr... . ss ne HOt oe ae aees Feb. 23 ESD a hee Feb. Jey tena t oe DED, 28 Dee De Solan s.r Te Mar. 4 EO cy ae Midi AGO Aneta so Mar. 7 Perma toes..... Maeo ea Mar: 10 ‘ Seuteeisttad...05.-7..........0>0Mare IOs. oon... =..-Mar, 12 (8 anchorages) Bano earvolomic bay... >... .. 2.5.50 Mit ie te os sar. 15 PM A RIMOUAL DAY... . 2... ess aes Wea ee sets. . Mar. 15 ’ * 400 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXV, Ports Visited Arrival Departure Sami ROU dae. oo nantes temrcbae se ev Laurel ean eee ate .. Mar. 15 Abrejos/ Anchorage... 2... ook 2. ... Maat ce a0 9 ol ee Santen Viena sane ees ie ean ens IMP eS soey mise Bley ee emus ILS Magdalena Baye, averdtiace ene bear Maris 25.) 203-025. Mirae Misti oainitanl's lange eres ener ew NB Oe Soho a Ive Maey.Channe) :)):...., dou aensthans an BE oO eer aes VLE @apelsanplad cas. eet eee ene IMU os PBs acorn aod aug nub fetiiey Is SanrJoseideli@sbor seen eee IN PN Piae Goats cen cellar 25 ia Paz (Pichilhugque Hbr)n. se, --. . Migr Diner Sees eee ee O) San Josef islands... 2.03 12 eke ears SONI st. nee arene eApTIARV Erde TaN. Genes. a ameietaenes Apr. — i PAPE Ne Curmenvisland: 25 5 ts mucho eee ence Apr \ Zila hed Hee Ee eee Mitile ree te cn ie a. earn mere cee Apr! Ap eae eee rear Concepcion Bayer. eee eee Apr. 5........:.,...Apr. 8 (anghomkages: San Francisquite Bay. ........5.:.. ADE OR Raa ee Apr. 10 Angel de la Guardia Id.............2 ADP BOK Ass dee Ap reemasl BM OUT OT als Seagal wos aetna ee ADOT willis Sheena) Aco hagaliey onal deisvelorHMm Wolo. shoe sn codon oe parted: 0) ae! oie nena n ovayaiey Jl! Gea Wate arena ee poate ATT SAD es ae era ere PAC Teme ep Santa @atalimaligd ane eet ae Appr GRAS che ae ee TOT LG Santai Cruzer. Ake evs oe aes ds 6) sae COP mp tataaare Misc Apr. 16 ha Paz (Pichiliuque Hbr.)....... 2: - Ja) 0) wd) U7 (aecare ema tie CAR Apr. 19 Bis piritol Santopldien nr, vata ere 5 9) aa CN ec ee ee." 0 ogee 2) Ceralbo) island 33).04 0 4. ice ean Atri ncl Oe Gina ee ES oe San JoserdeluCalbon. canes ance oe AOrse2 Ol Is type teh ee Apr. 20 SaneBartolome say ty. 8c. ca cee 74 8) Wes PM A eo ape anes 2 oF Sanghinan CIsCOsar eee ke are Apr 28508) ent Das vs cs The zoGlogical shore collections included 804 specimens of birds repre- senting 143 different species; 259 specimens of mammals ! of 59 species, ten . of which proved to be new to science; 446 specimens of reptiles, of 47 species eight of which are new. A number of living reptiles were brought to the New York ZoGlogical Park. A small but important series of insects was obtained and a very large collection of invertebrates. The botanist, with assistance from the crew, made large gatherings of plants, obtaining about 1800 specimens. The collection of cacti was the most important of its kind ever brought from Lower California, and more than a thousand living specimens were sent safely to the New York Botanical Garden. Many of the plants have been described as new to science and there are many still to be studied. A short account of the botanical work by Dr. J. N. Rose appeared in the ‘Journal’ of the New York Botanical 1See , Mammals Collected in Lower California, with Descriptions of New Species,’ by Charles Haskins Townsend. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.; Vol. XXXI, Art. XIII, pp. 117-130, June 14, 1912. 1916.] Townsend, Voyage of the ‘Albatross’ in 1911. 401 Garden for December, 1911. Most of the century plants! brought back by the expedition proved to be new species. The time spent at the various anchorages was usually one or two days, affording the scientific staff opportunity for making a natural history reconnaissance of the coastal region of the peninsula at many widely sepa- rated localities. i While in the Gulf of California the ship was usually moved at night so that the days could be largely devoted to shore work. Moving rapidly from point to point as we did, the shore work could not be extended very far inland, nor could the work of collecting be made very thorough, but the naturalists made the best possible use of each day ashore. The active interest of Captain Burrage and the officers of the ‘ Albatross’ contributed greatly to the effectiveness of our work, while the expedition would not of course, have been undertaken without the codperation of the Bureau of Fisheries. Dr. Hugh M. Smith, U. S. Commissioner of Fisheries, authorized the publication of the results of the expedition by the institutions participating. In the oceanographic work, dredge hauls were made with the large beam trawl at 27 stations in depths ranging from 284 fathoms to 1760 fathoms, mostly off the west coast of Lower California. Following is a list of the stations occupied, with their positions and depths; Dredging Bottom Stations Lat. & Long. Date Fathoms Temp. 5673 ala OO" N. 117 42'00" W. Mar..-1. 1090 ~.... 5674 31 28’ 45’. N. 11709’50” W. Mar. 8 590 =39.4 5675 27 07’ 05” N. 11433’10” W. Mar. 15 284 44.6 5676 25 31’ 15’. N. 113 29’30’" W. Mar. 17 645 39.0 5677 25 23’ 45" N. 113 1600’ W. = Mar. 17 735 = 38.6 5678 24 35’ 20” N. 11159’ 35’ W. Mar. 21 133 .... (Magdalena Bay) 5679 23 47’ 45” N. 111 23/00” W. Mar. 22 325 5680 23 40’ 30” N. 11112’45” W. = Mar. 22 389 5681 23 33/15’ N. 11102’10’ W. Mar. 22 405 5682 22 48’ 20’ N. 109 52’40” W. = Mar. 24 491 5683 22 46’ 45”" N. 109 50'15’” W. = Apr. 20 630 5684 23 23’ 30’ N. 11200’30” W. Apr. 21 1760 5685 25 4245” N. 113 38’30’ W. Apr. 22 645 5686 26 14’ 00’ N. 11400’00” W. = Apr. 22 930 5687 27 39’ 15” N. 115 16’00” W. = Apr. 23 480 5688 27 38’ 45” N. 11517'40’” W. = Apr. 23 525 5689 29 23’ 00” N. 116 14’00’ W. Apr. 24 879 1*The Agaves of Lower California,’ by William Trelease. Rept. Missouri Bot. Gard., 1911, pp. 37-65. 402 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XX XV, Dredging Bottom Stations Lat. & Long. Date Fathoms Temp. 5690 29 2900” N. 11618’00’ W. Apr. 24 1101 38.1 5691 31 08’ 20” N. 118 29’30” W. Apr. 25 868 37.2 5692 31 23’ 45" N. 1183 30" W.- Apr: 25 1076) Saree 56938. 3313/30” N. 12004'30” W. Apr. 26 451 5694 33 24’ 36” N. 12012’ 30” W. Apr. 26 640° fe 5695 33 33/00” N. 12017'30” W. = Apr. 26 534 38.9 5696 35 18’ 30” N. 121 28/00” W. Apr. 27 440 39.9 5697 35 35’ 00” N. 12139’00” W. Apr. 27 485 39.8 5698 35 50’ 00” N. 121 49’30’ W. Apr. 27 475 39.9 5699 36 00’ 30” N. 12200’00” W. Apr. 27 659 37.9 The hydrographic observations connected with this work are presented in detail elsewhere in this report, and all sea and shore stations are indicated on the accompanying chart. The dredgings were rich in new and interesting forms. Among the more striking results of this work for museum purposes, were fifty casts of deep sea fishes made on board from freshly dredged specimens, by Mr. J. C. Bell. _In these casts the following twenty-two genera are represented: Venefica Raia Argyropelecus Narcetes Liparis Leucicoris Halosaurus Nemichthys Alepocephalus Porogadus Pleuronectes Sebastolobus Macrurus Monomitopus Melamphees Chaunax Phycis Scopelengys Malthopsis Merlucius Antimora Lycodes The last (Scopelengys) was dredged from a depth of 1760 fathoms. Of the deep sea collections, only the echinoderms! have as yet been studied. The latter consist of 1881 specimens, representing 107 species, seven of which were previously unknown; namely: — Zoroaster platyacanthus ' Urechinus recticulatus Pedicellaster hyperoncus Letmencecus scotoeides Diopederma axiologum Stichopus parvimensis Ophiura oligopora The collection of fishes obtained by the Albatross was a large one. The deep sea species have not yet been studied. The collection of shore fishes ” 1 Echinoderms from Lower California, with Descriptions of new Species. By Hubert Lyman Clark. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. XX XII, Art. viii, pp. 185-236. July 9, 1913. 2 Shore Fishes Collected by the ‘Albatross’ Expedition in Lower California with Descriptions of New Species. By Raymond C. Osburn and John Treadwell Nichols. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXXV, Art. xvi, pp. 139-181, May 26, 1916. 1916.] Townsend, Voyage of the ‘Albatross’ in 1911. 403 contains 185 species of which the following 15 have been described as new: Raja microtrachys Amia guadalupensis Urobatis concentricus Girella simplicidens Letharchus pacificus Hermosilla robusta Bascanichthys bascanoides Callyodon compressus Fundulus parvipinnis, sub sp. brevis Callyodon microps Tylosurus pterurus Dactyloscopus cinctus Siphostoma exile Lucioblennius lucius Atherinopsis sonore Most of the collection was obtained along the shores and about the islands, the deeper parts of the Gulf being muddy and apparently poor in fish life as shown by previous dredgings by the ‘ Albatross.’ The peninsula of Lower California is nearly 800 miles in length, with an average width of 60 or 70 miles. It is a mountainous region, having a central elevation, near the northern end, of over 10,000 feet. The climate is almost rainless and the country as a whole is of desert character. Less than a hundred springs and streams have been described and of the latter only five or six flow permanently to the coast. Populated localities are necessarily located with reference to the limited supplies of water. Lower California is rich in mineral resources but these remain unde- veloped except in a few localities where sufficient water is obtainable. Agriculture is practiced under the same limitations as mining. The fishery resources are important but have as yet been but little drawn upon. ZoGélogically and botanically the region is of great interest to naturalists. Climatically it belongs to the Sonoran province of the temperate realm, usually described as arid. The fauna of the extreme southern end has many tropical characteristics, while much of the fauna and flora of the northern end is related to southern California. The climate of the eastern side of the peninsula is warmer than that of the western side. Observations made on board the Albatross during the cruise along the west coast of the Peninsula from March 1 to 25 and from April 20 to 29, give the mean temperature of the air as 61° Fahr. and of the water at the surface 60°. While cruising in the Gulf of California from March 26 to April 20, the mean temperature of the air was 71° and of the water 68°. Narrative. The steamer ‘ Albatross’ left San Francisco at 9.30 A. M., February 23, 1911, under the command of Commander G. H. Burrage, U.S. N., who had instructions from the Bureau of Fisheries to proceed to San Diego and report for work during the months of March and April in the Lower California Region. 404 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXV, The vessel arrived at San Diego at noon on the 25th of February, where our party joined her. These were C. H. Townsend, Director, Dr. J. N. Rose, Botanist, Dr. Paul Bartsch, Conchologist, H. E. Anthony, Collector, P. I. Osburn, Collector, and James Bell, Modeler. Messrs. L. M. Tongue Fig. 1. The beam trawl of the ‘Albatross’ coming up with a load from deep water. and W. L. Schmitt of the Fisheries Bureau were also with the expedition. After coaling and taking on supplies, the ‘ Albatross’ sailed on the evening of the 28th, the course being laid for Guadalupe Island. The following day a haul of the dredge was made in 1090 fathoms (Sta. 1916.] Townsend, Voyage of the ‘Albatross’ in 1911. 405 5673). The catch consisted of two fishes and numerous invertebrates, with about two barrels of stiff blue mud. The animal forms were roughly identi- fied as follows: Fishes —1 Macrurus, 1 Raia; Starfishes: EHremicaster pacificus and Pectinaster agassizii. Shells — Trophon, Hemicardium, 8 brachiopods, 8 Dentalia; Crustacea — 3 species of crimson prawns; mis- cellaneous — worms, ophiurans, holothurians, ascidians, silicious sponges, | very large pycnogonid, ophiurans and worms in tubes by hundreds. The blue mud obtained here proved to be interesting. Our modeler was in need of modeler’s clay, of which we had but a small supply. With a little working by hand, the bluish, stiff mud from this and other dredging stations in this general region, could be made equal to the best modeler’s clay. It was used constantly as a modeling clay on board the ship and was not distinguishable from the commercial article. We arrived at Guadalupe Island on the morning of March 2, where the scientific staff was landed at the deserted camp near the northeast point. I started with the ship at once for the northwest side to examine the site of an old rookery of elephant seals which I had visited in 1892. At that time I was in charge of the schooner ‘Santa Barbara,’ making a reconnaissance of Guadalupe Island for the Department of State with a view to identifying the species of fur seal known to exist there. Two miles west of North Point I took a boat and began examining the coast, the ‘ Albatross’ keeping off shore. I followed along the beach just outside of the breakers for a couple of hours to within two miles of Steamer Point, where I found about one hundred elephant seals hauled out on the sand beach below the cliffs and between two large rock slides. I killed one large male and one large female, which were skinned and taken on board at nightfall, along with six live yearlings. Early in the afternoon the ship left us some men, and returned to the east side to pick up the party landed there in the morning. On her return at dusk, she anchored about half a mile off the elephant seal beach in fifteen fathoms, where we spent the night. The following day the sea was too rough for landing. We remained at anchor and spent the day in preparing the two large skins for museum purposes; our collectors working on the birds, plants, and other specimens obtained on the east side of the island the day before. Among the birds collected were the Guadalupe house finch, wren and snowbird. The gold- finch was observed. Nothing was seen of the Guadalupe flicker, which is believed to have been exterminated by former collectors. Several petrels were captured on board during the two nights we were anchored off elephant beach. The beach occupied at present by the elephant seals is five or six hundred yards in length, and is not accessible from the island at any point. The 406 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXV, Cafion at the northeast landing, Guadalupe Island, L. C. Fig. 2. 1916.] Townsend, Voyage of the ‘Albatross’ in 1911. 407 morning of the 4th, I landed and shot two more of the large elephant seals. We spent the forenoon and half of the afternoon in skinning and skeletonizing these, several men working on the large heavy specimens. Each of the large males killed measured sixteen feet in length. Our operations caused very little disturbance of the rookeries; one large male remaining within thirty feet of where we were working. & 7. TI 1916.] Townsend, Voyage of the ‘Albatross’ in 1911. 425 surface has ever been worked. There were about sixty tons of salt piled up ready for use. The crystallization is heaviest after the rains. Later on the salt is taken from. the few moist localities where a little water remains. These can be emptied by the cart-load daily, about twenty-four hours being sufficient for a new supply to form in the same spots. As much as 35,000 tons have been shipped in one year, but much more could be supplied if demanded. Its purity is such that it requires no refinement. This salt deposit has been worked commercially for about fifty years and is at present in the hands of an English company. The salt lake has no connection with the sea. The deposit of salt is known to be at least 15 feet in depth. Carmen Island is 17 miles long by 53 miles wide and has a height of 1500 feet. | Leaving Carmen Island on the evening of the 3d, we anchored at Mulege on the Peninsula, on the morning of the 4th. Some of the officials visited the ship in the morning, the Captain returning the call later in the forenoon In the afternoon many of the citizens came to the ship and in the evening the officers were entertained ashore. The collectors were busy as usual, and obtained good results. Among the food fishes taken at Mulege was the large and important crevallé (Carana hippos) which is found also on the Atlantic coast, numerous weakfish, kingfish and red snappers. On the morning of the 5th, the ship proceeded to the head of Concepcion Bay, about thirty miles inland from Mulege, where our work was carried on with gratifying success. Mountain sheep occurring in this region, I made a hunt for them, but only one was seen and this one not secured. Four pairs of horns were obtained from Sefior Castro, a ranchman in the neigh- borhood. The mountain sheep occurs on both sides of this bay but is more common among the higher ranges farther inland. Dr. Bartsch made an important collection of marine invertebrates in this locality, both along the shore and by means of the boat dredge. Here, as at all localities visited on the Peninsula from Cape St. Lucas northward, we found quail and doves in abundance. The shore collections in general were important, but the character of the beaches did not permit of seining. _ A number of grunts, groupers and red snappers were taken by other means. We saw uncommonly large schools of porpoises moving about the Bay, one of them containing perhaps two hundred individuals. The ranchers here had a few cattle and donkeys, and occasionally collected iron-wood (palo ferro) for sale at Guaymas. The botanist secured among other things a new species of century plant (Agave affinis). The ship was moved six miles northward to Ricason Island on the morn- ing of the 7th, where we engaged in profitable work until the following day at 1:30, when we returned to Mulege. After a stop of three hours, we pro- 426 , Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. (Vol. XXXV, ceeded northward to San Francisquito Bay, arriving at 2 P.M. This proved to be one of the best localities visited during the cruise for marine invertebrates, and a great variety of such forms was obtained. A consider- able number of fishes was secured. At nearly all localities we obtained an abundance of food fish for the crew. On the morning of the 10th the ‘Albatross’ went to Angel Guardia Island, arriving at noon. This large island is said to be entirely lacking in fresh water and, like nearly all other islands in the Gulf, is uninhabited. The land forms were especially interesting; among the birds taken were burrow- ing owl and great-horned owl. We obtained eighteen specimens of the large black lizard (Sawromalus hispidus) and found rattlesnakes (Crotalus atrox) abundant. Four of the black lizards exceeded two feet in length. The beach- es were unsuitable for successful work with the seine, but a number of fishes were obtained by other means, one of them being Mycteroperca venadorum, an important food fish which reaches a weight of 150 pounds. About 60 of these were taken, averaging 15 pounds each. Four large California jewfish were caught, the largest weighing 70 pounds. Among the mammals pro- cured here were a new woodrat (Neotoma insularis), and a new mouse (Pero- myscus guardia). Angel de la Guardia, near the western shore of the gulf, is 40 miles long by about 10 miles wide and has a height of about 4000 feet. On the morning of the 11th, we proceeded to the south end of Tiburon Island, arriving at 3 P. M. The general appearance of this island is not different from that of other islands in the gulf, except in its greater height, all the islands being essentially desert-like in character and most of them entirely without fresh water. Tiburon is uninhabited by whites but there are Seri Indians on the north and east sides. We saw nothing of the latter and no signs of human occupation except a deserted camp of turtle hunters on the beach. Lieutenant Stanley killed a buck weighing 121 pounds, not including the viscera, while I killed a doe which was considerably smaller. The small traps yielded several kangaroo rats. The burrows of these ani- mals were to be seen everywhere in the level places, and were mostly con- nected by well-beaten trails. Five new species of mammals were obtained: a coyote (Canis jamest),' a jack-rabbit (Lepus alleni tiburonensis), a wood-rat (Neotoma albigula seri), and two pocket mice (Perognathus penicillatus seri and Perognathus baileyi insularis). The mammals, birds, lizards and plants obtained here were all valuable, as very little is known of the fauna and flora of this island. One land tortoise was procured and the botanist found a new century plant. (Agave subsimplex). Our explorations extended about five miles inland in several directions, but we found no evidences of fresh water. The seine, 1 Named for Mr. Arthur Curtiss James of New York. 1916.] Townsend, Voyage of the ‘Albatross’ in 1911. 427 fishing lines, and boat dredge were all employed successfully. The food fishes taken included large jewfish, grouper and mullet. Tiburon is the largest island in the Gulf. It is 30 miles long by about 15 in width and has a height of 4000 feet. It is separated from the Mexican mainland by a channel from one to three miles wide. The Seri Indian Fig. 24. Giant cactus (Pachycereus) in bloom. Santa Catalina Island, Gulf of California. April 16, 1911. inhabitants are reported by:the Mexican authorities to be dangerous to small parties. The ‘Albatross’ left Tiburon Island at 11 o’clock on the morning of April 13, arriving at San Esteban Island at 1:30. Almost upon landing we 428 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXV, began to obtain specimens of two species of large lizards, one a Sauromalus, the other apparently Ctenosaura hemilopha. They occurred in shallow depressions under large stones and were usually detected by their tails, which were not always drawn in out of sight. They were captured easily by turning the stones, which were not generally too large for a couple of men to handle. Forty-seven specimens in all were captured alive, the largest being thirty inches long. The Sauromalus proved to be new to science. Two rattlesnakes (Crotalus molossus) were also secured and a few mice and birds, while the botanist obtained a new century plant (Agave dentiens). A new species of mouse obtained here has been named Peromys- cus stephani. San Esteban is about 4 miles in diameter, exceedingly rough and mountainous, with a height of 1800 feet. It lies 8 miles S. W. of Tiburon, is without fresh water and is uninhabited. The flow of the tides is very strong in this part of the Gulf. During the night the ship dragged anchor somewhat on the ebb tide. When we left for Guaymas at 8:30, the anchor came up minus a fluke which had broken off. The tide was running fiercely, and with half a gale of wind also in our favor, we started for Guaymas under sail and steam. Passing San Pedro Martir Island at noon, where it was impossible to make a landing on ac- count of the weather, we reached Guaymas after dark. On the following morning the Captain and I called on the American Consul and some of the local officials. Dr. Bartsch left the ship at this point on his way to Panama, but finding no satisfactory transportation proceeded to Washington by rail. Two crates of live reptiles, large lizards 1916.] Townsend, Voyage of the ‘Albatross’ in 1911. 429 Fig. 26. The ‘Albatross’ at Santa Catalina Island, Gulf of California. ‘* Viznaga”’ cactus (Echinocactus diguetii) 12 feet high. ¥ 430 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXV, and rattlesnakes were forwarded by express to the ZoGdlogical Park at New York. We left Guaymas at 6 P. M., and reached Santa Catalina Island, near the west side of the Gulf, at 9 o’clock of the 16th. The botanist found this a rich locality, there being many large barrel cacti (Echinocactus diguetii) some of them 15 feet high. One of the largest measured seven feet .in circumference. A number of skulls of porpoises (Globiocephalus scammonz) and one of Tursiops nuuanu, a new species, were obtained on the beach where fishermen had evidently been making porpoise oil. A good collection of fishes and lizards was obtained. The fishes included a sea bass (Derma- tolepis punctatus) 30 inches long and some groupers. We left at noon for Santa Cruz Island a little farther south, arriving at 3 o'clock. Here additional skulls of porpoises were obtained on the beach and a good collection was made of fishes and shore forms. Leaving Santa Cruz at 5 P. M., we reached La Paz (Pichilinque Bay), on the morning of the 17th where the usual work of the expedition was re- sumed. The following day the collecting party, including the botanist, was sent by launch to Espiritu Santo Island with a tent to remain over night: and be picked up by the ship the next day on her way south. While the ship was coaling, we again called on the officials, procured our mail and made inquiries respecting the fisheries. On the morning of the 19th, the ‘Albatross’ reached Espiritu Santo, arriving at 9 o’clock. The collectors came on board with one specimen of the interesting black jack rabbit (Lepus insularis) peculiar to this locality, an introduced specimen having been previously secured on Pichilinque Island. They obtained also wood-rats, mice, lizards, birds and plants. Among the last was a new century plant (Agave roseana). We remained here until noon, visiting the pearl shell propagating station, under the guid- ance of the manager, Mr. Gaston Vives. Some excellent photographs of this important station were secured. An account of the pearl fishery will be found under another heading. Leaving at noon, we reached Ceralbo Island on our way down the Gulf at 3 P. M. The most interesting find here was the large black and white lizard (Ctenosaura hemilopha) the species obtained on San Esteban Island farther up the Gulf. Seven specimens of this lizard were taken, four of which exceeded two feet in length. A few fishes were also secured. Ceralbo is 153 miles long by about 4 miles wide, with a height of 2,477 feet. It lies east of La Paz Bay and is not more than five miles from the nearest point on the Peninsula. Leaving Ceralbo at 6 P. M. we‘reached San José del Cabo on the morn- ing of the 20th. Here Mr. Osburn left the ship with a collecting outfit with ‘ 1916.] Townsend, Voyage of the ‘Albatross’ in 1911. 431 instructions to hire pack animals and make a month’s trip into the Sierra Laguna mountains for mammals, birds and reptiles. Governor Sanginez at La Paz had furnished him with a letter of introduction to the authorities at San José del Cabo for this purpose. He had instructions to proceed to San Diego by steamer a month later. The trip into the Sierra Lagunas yielded numerous species of mammals, birds and reptiles not obtained elsewhere by the ‘Albatross’ expedition. Leaving San José del Cabo at 10 A. M., the work of dredging was taken up seriously. Off Cape St. Lucas, at 12:30, the dredge was lowered in 630 fathoms (Sta. 5683). The fishes obtained were Macrurus, Mclamphas, Malthopsis, Serrivomer, Alepocephalus and Sebastolobus. Among the crustaceans were Gnathophausia, Glyphocrangon, Nephropsis, Galacantha, Polycheles, Munidopsis, Peneus. Other invertebrates were sponges, holo- thurians, shells, worms and fragments of echini. Proceeding northward, we dredged the following morning at 6:30 in 1760 fathoms, off Magdalena Bay (Sta. 5684). The haul was an interesting one and yielded about two quarts of black nodules resembling manganese, along with considerable animal life. It is interesting to note that the depth at this station was exactly two miles. The dredge contained the following: 1 fish (Scopelengys), 1 large creamy-white crustacean (Munidopsis), 1 very large pycnogonid, 9 sea urchins (Cystechinus), prawns, ophiurans, starfishes, shells, holothurians, pennatulids and worm tubes. Among the starfishes was Eremicaster tenebrarius, the only specimen taken during the voyage. Continuing northward, we dredged the following morning at 8 o’clock in 645 fathoms (Sta. 5685). The catch, a most interesting one, included a specimen of Harriotta, the first capture of this deep-sea fish in the eastern Pacific ocean. The other fishes obtained were Alepocephalus, Malthopsis, Melamphes and Serrivomer. The invertebrates included shells, holothu- rians, pycnogonids, echini and various crustacea. There were two very ‘large bright red specimens of Lithodes panamensis, a starfish (Leptychaster inermis) and a sea urchin (Schizaster latifrons). We dredged again at 3 P. M. in 930 fathoms (Sta. 5686). The only fish was an Argyropelecus. Among the invertebrates were starfishes (Cteno- discus crispatus), ophiurans, holothurians, anemones, ascidians and crusta- ceans. The following morning, April 23, at 5 o’clock, we anchored again in San Bartolome Bay. A seining party was sent to the head of the bay for a supply of fresh fish and about a barrel of edible fish, chiefly mullet, was obtained. Many spotted sharks and sting-rays were also taken and destroyed. From the lobster fishing camp we obtained several bags of fresh spiny lobsters in exchange for provisions and fresh water. The Bay was full of turtles, but the fishermen had none at hand. 432 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXV, The ‘Albatross’ proceeded to sea at 10 A. M. for San Francisco. At noon the dredge was lowered in 480 fathoms (Sta. 5687) west of Natividad Island. The fishes taken were Mclamphes, Macrurus, Nemichthys and Scopelengys. The invertebrates were ascidians, ophiurans, sponges, ane- mones, shrimps, annelids and a starfish (Strongylocentrotus fragilis). We dredged again in 525 fathoms (Sta. 5688) at 2:30, west of Natividad Island, obtaining 20 fishes: Alepocephalus, Macrurus and Melamphes. Invertebrates came up in abundance and variety. Among them the large red Lithodes crab and a starfish (Nearchaster aciculosus). On the morning of the 24th the dredge was lowered in 879 fathoms (Sta. 5689) east of Guadalupe Island, bringing up Macrurus fishes and inverte- brates of the groups already obtained, together with some sea urchins (Urechinus reticulatus). The dredge was hauled again at 10 o’clock in 1101 fathoms (Sta. 5690), and brought up invertebrates only, consisting of crustaceans, shells, star- fishes and holothurians. Of the starfishes there were four species: Hyme- naster quadrispinosus, Zoroaster ophiurus, Brisinga panamensis and Pecti- naster Agassiz. The whole catch was imbedded in about a barrel of stiff gray mud. This clay after a little working was found to be equal to modeler’s clay in texture and was at once employed on board ship by our modeler for that purpose. On the 25th, at 6 o'clock, dredging was resumed southwest of San Diego, California, in 868 fathoms (Sta. 5691). This haul was also embedded in gray mud like the modeler’s clay referred to above. The contents of the dredge haul were interesting, there being among the fishes one Cyema, a genus not before known in the Pacific. The other fishes were Argyropelecus and Melamphes. Among the invertebrates were a dozen fleshy starfishes (Hymenaster perissonotus), and some brachiopods. At 11 o’clock on the 25th, we dredged in 1076 fathoms (Sta. 5693) west of San Nicolas Island. The haul was a large and important one, containing seven species of fishes, there being twenty large rose-red Sebastes and a large pink Liparis. Among the invertebrates was a fine Anthomastus, a large brachiopod and a starfish (Psilaster pectinatus). The dredge was hauled again at 9 o’clock in 640 fathoms (Sta. 5694). It contained a good variety of fishes and invertebrates. There were five species of very large starfishes, and as many of small ones. Among those identified were Thrissacanthus penicillatus, Hippasteria californica, Solaster borealis, and Heterozonias alternatus. The third haul for the day was made at 1 o’clock in 534 fathoms (Sta. 5695) and yielded a variety of fishes and invertebrates. Among the latter 1916.] Townsend, Voyage of the ‘Albatross’ in 1911. 433 were crinoids, octopus, Lithodes and starfish (Solaster paxillatus, Lophaster furcilliger, and Pteraster jordan). On the 27th, at 6 A. M., we dredged again in 440 fathoms (Sta. 5696) taking an abundance of fishes and invertebrates of many kinds, among them starfishes (Peribolaster biserialis) and sea urchins (Schizaster townsendi). At 10 A. M. the dredge was lowered in 485 fathoms (Sta. 5697) bringing up two specimens of Chauliodus and four other species of fishes. The most interesting of the invertebrates was an octopus with webbed arms. Addi- tional specimens were secured of Schizaster townsendi, a sea urchin described by Agassiz from several points between the Gulf of California and Panama out to depths of 995 fathoms. At 2 o’clock we dredged in 475 fathoms (Sta. 5698) with satisfactory results. The fourth haul for the day, and the last dredge haul of the voyage, was made at 6 P. M. in 659 fathoms (Sta. 5699). The results were similar to those of the preceding haul. The ‘Albatross’ arrived at San Francisco on the morning of April 28 and anchored off Sausalito. The ship’s collection in general being a large one, several days were required for packing and a special car was secured for its transportation to the east. Fisheries and Fishery Resources. Pearl Fishery.— Important pearl fisheries have been conducted in the Gulf of California ever since its discovery by the Spaniards. La Paz is the center of the pearl shell industry of Lower California, in which there are three companies engaged. The largest of these is the Mangara Exploration Company, Ltd., an English corporation which oper- ates from the head of the Gulf of California southward to Guatemala. According to Mr. F. W. Moore, general manager, the Lower California yield of pearl shell amounts to about 60 tons a year from the Gulf alone, valued at $100. to $350. (gold) a ton, according to the grade. (The value in 1912 was much higher ranging from $200 to $500. gold). The shell is classified in three grades, the first being the most valuable. The product finds its principal market in England. The company operates with a capital of $150,000. The principal part of the catch is made in Pacific waters, where operations are carried on from November to May. In the Gulf of California the work is done chiefly from July to October. The concession of the Mangara company extends until 1932. The Mangara Company operates 4 schooners and 21 boats: there being diving outfits with each boat. The number of men employed by this 434 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXXV, company is $50 and the annual yield of shell 175 to 200 tons. The schooners with their boats are divided into three fleets, the divers of each fleet using their schooner as the home base. Pear! fishing is carried on at depths vary- ing from 20 to 120 feet. A concession for pearl fishing around the islands of Espns Santo, San José and Ceralbo in the Gulf, and also in Charmela Bay, sixty miles north of Manzanillo in the Pacific, is held by Sefor Miguel Cornego of La Paz. With him is associated Sefior Gaston J. Vives, in the manaeeula of the “Compania Criadora de Concha y Perla de la Baja California,” engaged in the propagation of the pearl oy fee The concession for oyster cultivation dates from 1903. During the years 1910 and 1911 the total amount of shell exported from La Paz and derived from the waters adjacent to the Peninsula of Lower California was 331 tons. The industry has suffered considerably as a result of disturbed political conditions in Mexico. The above figures relate to pearl shell only, and do not include the value of pearls, which is reported to amount to about $100,000 annually. Pearl Oyster Cultivation. An important feature of the pearl fishery of La Paz is a station for the cultivation of the pearl oyster under the manage- ment of Sehfor Gaston Vives. This station is located at San Gabriel Cove, Espiritu Santo Island, in the Gulf of California, fifteen miles from La Paz and is the only establishment of the kind in the world. The station has the appearance of being well adapted for the purpose for which it was constructed. 0) one 4, 4. White bars on prefrontals occupying less than half the area of these scutes; frontal plate uniform black, or with the white restricted to a narrow trans- verse bar at its anterior end; no white on parietals; lower labials usually 9. ; L. getulus yumensis. White bars on prefrontals occupying more than half the area of these plates; frontal plate with prominent white markings; each parietal with one or more white spots; lower labials usually 10........... L. getulus conjuncta. Rhinocheilus lecontei Baird and Girard Rhinocheilus lecontei BArRD AND GIRARD, 18538, p. 120; STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1917, p. 91. RancE.—Idaho to Lower California, east to Texas. Lower CALirorRNIAN Recorps.—“At or to the south of Magdalena Bay,” Lockington, 1880, p. 295. A specimen in the Biological Survey collection, U. 8. N. M. No. 37516, is from Ensenada. The scale characters of this specimen, a male, are as follows: Dorsal scales, 23-23-19; ventral plates, 208; subcaudals, 49; preoculars, 1-1; postoculars, 2-2; temporals, 2-4, 2-3, upper labials, 7-8; lower labials, 9-9. The total length is 625 mm., the tail-length, 83 mm. Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus ochrorhynchus Cope Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus Core, 1860, p. 246. Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus ochrorhynchus STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1917, p. 93. RancE.—Lower California, southern California, and adjacent parts of Arizona and Sonora. Lower CALIFORNIAN REcorpDs.—Cape St. Lucas, Cope, 1860, p. 246; Magda- lena Bay (or south), Lockington, 1880, p. 295; San José del Cabo, Sierra San Lazaro, San Francisquito (Sierra Laguna), Van Denburgh, 1895, p. 144; Mulege, Mocquard, 1899, p. 325; Los Coronados Islands, Van Denburgh and Slevin, 1914, p. 141; Sierra Laguna, Van Denburgh and Slevin, 1921a, p. 68. Two specimens in the Biological Survey collection come from Cape San Lucas (U.S. N. M. No. 37528) and Santa Anita (37527). The scale characters and measurements of these specimens are as follows: Number 37527, 0 37528, ot Dorsal Scales 21-21-15 21-21-17 Ventral Plates 172 168 Subcaudals 51 (tail broken) Total Length 347 mm. Tail-length 63 mm, 1922] Schmidt, Amphibians and Reptiles of Lower California 693 They agree with the specimen described by Van Denburgh and Slevin (1921a, p. 68) in the disposition of the head shields, with the ex- ception that there are two preoculars, a small inferior and a large superior, in each. Natrix valida (Kennicott) Regina valida Kennicort, 1860, p. 334. Natrizx valida STEJNEGER AND Barpour, 1917, p. 97. RancE.—Western Mexico, Lower California. Lower CALIFORNIAN REcorps.—Cape St. Lucas, Cope, 1860a, p. 341; La Paz, Yarrow, 1882, p. 132; San José del Cabo, Miraflores, Van Denburgh, 1895, p. 154; Mount San Rafael (near Agua Caliente), Santiago, Van Denburgh and Slevin, 1921a, p. 68. The six specimens in the Albatross collection from San José del Cabo (A. M. N. H. Nos. 5578, 5581, 5588, U. S. N. M. No. 64582) and Miraflores (A. M. N. H. Nos. 5604-5) present no variation not already known in this species. One specimen in the Biological Survey collection comes from San José del Cabo (U.S. N. M. No. 37545). Thamnophis ordinoides vagrans (Baird and Girard) Eutznia vagrans BAIRD AND GIRARD, 1853, p. 35. Thamnophis ordinoides vagrans VAN DENBURGH AND SLEVIN, 1918, p. 240. RanGeE.—Eastern Washington and Oregon, Idaho, south to northern Arizona and eastern California, reappearing in the San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California. Lower CALIFORNIAN RecorDs.—San Pedro Martir Mountain, Van Denburgh, 1896, p. 1007. Thamnophis ordinoides hammondii (Kennicott) Eutenia hammondii Kennicott, 1860, p. 322. Thamnophis ordinoides haommondii VAN DENBURGH AND SLEVIN, 1918, p. 256. RancGE.—Southwestern Lower California and northwestern Lower California. Lower CaLirorNIAN Recorps.—Comondu, Van Denburgh, 1896, p. 1008; Mulege, San Ignacio, Mocquard, 1899, p. 327; San Antonio, La Grulla, Ruthven, 1908, p. 133. Four specimens in the Biological Survey collection come from Hanson Laguna (U.S. N. M. Nos. 37542-4) and Ensenada (37541). Thamnophis megalops (Kennicott) Eutenia megalops KEnnicorTt, 1860, p. 33. Thamnophis megalops STEJNEGER AND BarBoour, 1917, p. 101. RancEr.—The Mexican Plateau region, north to southern Arizona and New Mexico, west to Yuma, Arizona, and the Cocopah Mountains, Lower California. 694 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. XLVI A specimen in the Biological Survey collection, U. 8. N. M. No. 37514, from the Cocopah Mountains, east base, is the first record of this form from Lower California. The lateral light line is plainly on the third and fourth scale rows anteriorly. The dorsal scale formula is 23-21-19-17; ventral plates, 152; subcaudals, 41 +; preoculars, 1-1; upper labials, 8-8; lower labials, 10-10. The occurrence of this form in northern Lower California is not surprising in view of its occurrence at Yuma. Key to the Species of Thamnophis in Lower California 1. Dorsal light line present: ......5.: 5... 86000... oo 2. Nio dorsal Tight line's. 6:,4/.45:.0,5 ene ctoei die ols os eon T. ordinoides hammondii. 2. Lateral light line anteriorly on the third and fourth scale rows. ...7. megalops. Lateral light line anteriorly on the second and third scale rows. T. ordinoides vagrans. Sonora episcopa (Kennicott) Lamprosoma episcopum KENNICOTT, 1859, p. 22, Pl. vin, fig. 2. Sonora episcopa STEJNEGER AND BarsBour, 1917, p. 92. RancGu.—Texas to southeastern California, south into Mexico. LoweEr CALIFORNIAN Recorps.—Cape St. Lucas, Baird, 1859, p. 299; Santa Rosalia, Mocquard, 1899, p. 319. Chilomeniscus stramineus Cope Chilomeniscus stramineus Cope, 1860a, p. 339; STEINEGER AND BARBOUR, 1917, p. 94. RaNnGE.—Southern Lower California. Lower CALIFORNIAN Recorps.—Cape St. Lucas, Cope, 1860a, p. 339; La Paz, Yarrow, 1882, p. 86; San José del Cabo, Miraflores, Van Denburgh, 1895, p. 138; San Marthe, Cope, 1900, p. 950. Four specimens in the present collection, one from Cape San Lucas (A. M. N. H. No. 5578), three from Miraflores (A. M. N. H. Nos. 5574- 5, U.S. N. M: No. 64579). These specimens show very little variation; the dorsal scales are uniformly in thirteen rows; ventral plates (in the order named) 109, 117, 113, 121; subeaudals 24, 25, 28, 25; rostral in every case separated from the prefrontals and the nasals from the preoculars. The largest speci- men (5578) measures 230 mm., tail, 832 mm. Chilomeniscus ephippicus Cope Chilomeniscus ephippicus Core, 1867a, p. 85; STEJINEGER AND BARBOUR, 1917, p. 93. RancE.—Southern Lower California to the Colorado Desert, reaching Tucson, Arizona, to the east. Lower CALIFORNIAN Recorvs.—La Paz, Yarrow, 1882, p. 86; Santa Rosalia and Mulege, Mocquard, 1899, p. 317; San Fernando, Cope, 1900, p. 951; Todos Santos. Van Denburgh and Slevin, 1921a, p. 70. 1922] Schmidt, Amphibians and Reptiles of Lower California 695 The record of Van Denburgh and Slevin (loc. czt.) is only tentatively referred to this form, as they do not describe its coloration. Chilomeniscus punctatissimus Van Denburgh and Slevin Chilomeniscus punctatissimus VAN DENBURGH AND SLEVIN, 1921), p. 98. RanGE.—HEspiritu Santo Island, Gulf of California, and Magdalena Island. A specimen in the Biological Survey collection, U. 8S. N. M. No. 37521, from Magdalena Island, appears to be very closely allied to this newly described form from the opposite side of the peninsula. It differs from the type in having the scales of the light bands immaculate, in- stead of spotted. The large number of crossbands, which is the same in both specimens, seems to me a more important character than the spotting. The specimen from Magdalena Island has the rostral broad and in contact with the prefrontals posteriorly; nasals expanded on the upper side of the snout, probably by fusion with the frontonasals; prefrontals reaching the labials on each side; frontal broad, six-sided; supraoculars small; a minute preocular on each side; two postoculars; temporals, 1—1 on each side; upper labials, 7, third and fourth entering the eye; lower labials, 9, the first five in contact with the anterior chin shields; dorsal seales, 15-13-13; ventral plates, 127; subcaudals, 25. Top of the head very dark brown, lighter on the snout, the lower border of the labials light; back crossed by 32 bands of dark brown about equal to the light interspaces and reaching the first row of scales on each side; 7 bands on the tail. The total length is 98 mm.; tail, 11 mm. Chilomeniscus cinctus Cope Chilomeniscus cinctus CoP®, 1861, p. 303. : RanGE.—The Colorado Desert, to middle Lower California on the west and Sonora on the east. Lower CALiFroRNIAN REcoRDS.—Ballenas Bay, Cope, 1900, p. 952. A specimen in the Biological Survey collection, U. S. N. M. No. 37520, from San Quintin, is characterized by a pattern of dark rings, completely encircling the body. Dorsal scale rows, 15-13-13, ventral plates, 120; subcaudals, 25; the prefrontals meet the labials laterally; upper labials, 7-7; lower labials, 9-9; preoculars, 1-1; postoculars, 2-2; rostral broadly in con- tact with the prefrontals. There are twenty-two dark brown rings encircling the body, with four more on the tail and a nuchal bar which does not reach the ventrals. The dark rings are wider than the interspaces dorsally, narrower ven- trally, where they occupy quite regularly two ventral plates. 696 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. XLVI The forms of the genus Chilomeniscus are in considerable confusion and by no means well understood. Without sufficient material at hand to clear up the points in question, I prefer to lean to the side of the exces- sive analysis rather than synthesis. Van Denburgh and Slevin (1913, p. 410) reduce the genus to two species, stramineus from the Cape area of Lower California, and cinctus ranging from southern Lower Cali- fornia, southeastern California, western Arizona, and Sonora. This view is maintained by them in their recent list of Lower Californian forms (1921a, p. 52), with the subsequent addition of a new form, C. punctatis- simus from Espiritu Santo Island. Cope’s analysis of the genus (1900, p. 948), unfortunately some- what confused in compilation, recognizes, in addition to the well-defined stramineus, three crossbanded forms, C. ephippicus, C. fasciatus, and C cinctus. Of these ephippicus and fasciatus have the venter immaculate, with crossbands confined to the back, while cinctus is sharply set off by having the body completely encircled by black bands. This may well prove to be a variable character, not of specific value, but I know of no evidence at present of intergradation or variation in this character. The scale character employed by Cope to separate fasciatus and ephippt- cus, however, has been shown by Van Denburgh and Slevin (1913, loc. cit.) to be invalid, and I follow them in uniting these two forms, but not in uniting ephippicus with cinctus. Van Denburgh and Slevin make no mention of the coloration. The evidence presented by Mocquard for the union of fasciatus and cinctus (1899, p. 318) does not seem to be sufficient for a final decision on this point. Reference to the following key will make clear the characters which distinguish the forms recognized in the present analysis. It is notable that C. cinctus and C. ephippicus have broadly overlapping ranges, C. ephippicus occurring alone in southern Lower California, C’. cinctus alone in Sonora, while northern Lower California and the Colorado Desert area have both forms. Key to the Species of Chilomeniscus 1. Rostral not in contact with the prefrontals; no dark crossbands, each scale with BCA SOG fio os Gad a nineties Bigeye ie CSUR CLE erence C. stramineus. Rostral in contact with the prefrontals; dark crossbands or rings on the body . 2. 2. Body completely encircled by dark rings....................... C. cinctus. Dark crossbands on the back, venter immaculate.................-.+.+0- 3. 3. » Crossbands about) 25-905 +;.iaiclae asses ae ce eee C. ephippicus. Crossbands about 39, with or without dark spots on the scales of the light rings. C. punctatissimus. a 1922] Schmidt, Amphibians and Reptiles of Lower California 697 Tantilla planiceps (Blainville) Coluber planiceps BLAINVILLE, 1835, p. 294, Pl. xxv, figs. 3-3B. Tantilla planiceps STEJNEGER AND BarBour, 1917, p. 105. RancGe.—Southern Lower California. Lower CaLirorNniAN Recorps.—San José del Cabo, Sierra Laguna, Van Den- burgh, 1895, p. 140; Santa Rosalia, San Ignacio, Mocquard, 1899, p. 316. Trimorphodon lyrophanes (Cope) Lycodon lyrophanes Core, 1860a, p. 348. Trimorphodon lyrophanes STEINEGER AND BARBOUR, 1917, p. 104. Rance.—Southern Arizona and Lower California. Lower CALIFORNIAN Recorps.—Cape St. Lucas, Cope, 1860a, p. 343; La Paz, Yarrow, 1882, p. 98; San José del Cabo, Sierra San Lazaro, Van Denburgh, 1895, p. 155; Santa Rosalia, Mocquard, 1899, p. 330. A single specimen, (U. 8. N. M. No. 64578), from Miraflores, is in the Albatross collection. Its stomach contains a juvenile specimen of Ctenosaura hemilopha. The dorsal scales are 25-21-15; ventral plates, 241; subcaudals, 58+. The total length is somewhat more than 800 mm. (tail slightly mutilated). The loreal is double on one side, single on the other. There are three specimens in the collection made by the Biological Survey, one from La Paz (U. 8. N. M. No. 37522), and two from Santa Anita (37523-4). Micrurus euryxanthus (Kennicott) Elaps euryxanthus KENNIcoTT?, 1860, p. 337. Micrurus euryxanthus STEJNEGER AND BarsBour, 1917, p. 106. Rance.—Southern New Mexico and Arizona, northern Mexico. Recorded from Tiburon Island by Streets, 1877, p. 40. Crotalus molossus Baird and Girard Crotalus molossus BAIRD AND GIRARD, 1853, p. 10; STEJNEGER AND BarsBour, 1917, . 110. : Bia Schoen Texas to Arizona and northern Mexico; San Esteban Island. This species does not enter peninsular Lower California. A speci- men secured on San Esteban Island in the Gulf of California by the Alba- tross Expedition (U.S. N. M. No. 64586) is referable to this species in all scale characters, but is exceptionally pale in color, neither the outlines of the rhombs nor the two spots normally enclosed in the rhombs being distinctly marked. This is due chiefly to the paleness of the general coloration. The ventral plates number 189, the subcaudals 26, and the dorsal scale formula is 31-27-21. The total length is 476 mm., the tail (exclu- - sive of a single rattle) 36 mm. 698 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. XLVI The presence of this species on San Esteban is further indication of the Sonoran, not Lower Californian, character of its fauna; and this conclusion is quite independent of the possibility that further adult specimens from San Esteban might justify the description of an insular race. Crotalus tortugensis Van Denburgh and Slevin Crotalus tortugensis VAN DENBURGH AND SLEVIN, 1921c, p. 398 Rance.—Tortuga Island, Gulf of California. Crotalus oreganus Holbrook Crotalus oreganus HOLBROOK, 1840, p. 115, Pl. xxrx. Crotalus oregonus STEJINEGER AND BARBouR, 1917, p. 110. RanGe.—British Columbia to northwestern Lower California. Lower CALIFORNIAN REcoRDs.—Los Coronados Islands, Streets, 1877, p. 40; “75 miles 8. E. of San Diego,’”’ Lockington, 1880, p. 295; San Pedro Martir Mt., Van Denburgh, 1896, p. 1007; San José, Meek, 1905, p. 17. A specimen in the Biological Survey collection, U. 8. N. M. No. 37575, is from La Grulla. Crotalus atrox atrox Baird and Girard Crotalus atrox BAIRD AND GIRARD, 1853, p. 5; STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1917, p. 108. Rance.—Texas and northern Mexico to southeastern California, entering north- eastern Lower California. LowER CALIFORNIAN ReEcorDs.—East side of Cocopah Mountains, Murphy, 1917, p. 57. I have no hesitation in recording this species from Lower California on the basis of the verbal record above quoted, as there is no snake in this area with which Crotalus atrox could readily be confused. Crotalus atrox lucasensis Van Denburgh Crotalus lucasensis VAN DENBURGH, 1920a, p. 29, Pl. m1. RancEe.—Southern Lower California. Lower CaLirorRNIAN REecorps.—Cape St. Lucas, Cope, 1861, p. 292; La Paz, Yarrow, 1882, p. 75. San José del Cabo, Sierra El Taste, Van Denburgh, 1895, p. 156; Santa Rosalia, San Ignacio, Mulege, Moequard, 1899, p. 332. Six specimens of this species were collected by the Albatross Expedi- tion at Miraflores (A. M. N. H. Nos. 5596-97, 5644-45, U.S. N. M. No. 64589) and head of Concepcion Bay (A. M. N. H. No. 6883). They agree with Van Denburgh’s description in having the dorsal rhombs distinctly outlined laterally. . The dorsal scales range from 35-27-23 to 31-25-21. The ven- trals range from 182 to 188 in four males, 189 and 195 in the two females; subcaudals 25 to 29 in males, 21 in both females. There are three black 1922] Schmidt, Amphibians and Reptiles of Lower California 699 caudal rings in the females, five to seven in the males. The tail is rela- tively much shorter in the female specimens, .05 of the total length, .07 to .08 in the males. The largest specimen (A. M. N. H. No. 5645, o) measures 1015 mm., tail 88 mm. As Crotalus atrox certainly enters the peninsula of Lower California at the north, and as the differences on which lucasensis is based are slight, the use of a trinomial seems warranted. Three specimens in the Biological Survey collection from Cape San Lucas (U. S. N. M. No. 37567), La Laguna (37568), and Santa Anita (37569). Crotalus atrox elegans, new subspecies Dracnsotic CHARACTERS.—Characters of Crotalus atrox, from which it is distin- guished by the higher number of ventral plates and the reddish brown color; distin- guished from C. atrox lucasensis by the incompleteness laterally of the light outlines of the dorsal rhombs, and by the higher number of ventral plates. RancE.—Angel de la Guardia Island, Gulf of California. Typr.—vU. 8S. N. M. No. 64452; o; Angel de la Guardia Island, Gulf of Cali- fornia; April 10, 1911; Albatross Expedition. Description oF Typr.—Head subtriangular, covered with numerous small seales; ten scales in a line, between the large supraoculars; rostral higher than wide; two large preoculars on each side, of which the lower enters the loreal pit; two superior loreals on each side; four or five scales from the eye to the upper labials; upper labials 16—17, lower labials 18, of which only three on each side are in contact with the chin shields; dorsal scales, 35-27-21; ventrals, 197; subcaudals, 26; total length, 920 mm.; tail, 60 mm. General color light reddish brown, marked dorsally with a series of slightly darker rhombs, which are bordered by narrow light lines; rhombs lighter at the center; these rhombic markings become difficult to distinguish on the anterior fourth of the body, but the light scales of their borders can be distinguished on the vertebral line; on the posterior fourth of the body, the light lines become entirely faded, the slightly darker markings forming broad transverse bands. Tail yellow, with five black rings, incomplete ventrally; venter uniform pale yellow; an indistinct light line from the preoculars to the middle of the labial border, anda very faint line from the posterior corner of the eye to the sixteenth upper labial. Notes ON Paratypes.—The two female specimens from Angel de la Guardia (A. M.N. H. Nos. 5231 and 5586) have respectively 200 and 199 ventrals, and 21 and 20 subcaudals. The dorsal scale count is 31-27-21. The ground color is more gray- ish but shows a trace of the reddish tinge which is better marked in the type. The dorsal light lines enclosing the rhombs are incomplete at the sides. I have described this form as a subspecies of C. atrox in order to indicate its obvious relations. The higher ventral scale count is nearly reached in a specimen of C. atrox lucasensis which has 195 ventrals; the average for the two forms is evidently quite different, but the ex- tremes probably overlap. Additional material is required to determine whether it is to be considered an off-shoot of lucasensis or of atrox atrox. 700 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. XLVI Crotalus exsul Garman Crotalus exsul GARMAN, 1883, p. 114; STEINEGER AND BargBour, 1917, p. 109. RancE.—Southwestern California and northeastern Lower California to Cedros Island. Lower CaLirorNnIAN Recorps.—Cedros Island, Garman, 1883, p. 114; En- senada, Van Denburgh, 1896, p. 1007; San Salado Cafion, San Matias, Santa Cata- line, Agua Escondito, Matomi, San Quentin, Meek, 1905, p. 17; “Turtle Bay,” Van Denburgh and Slevin, 1921a, p. 71. The Albatross collection contains a single very large specimen (U. S. N. M. No. 64588) of this species, without definite locality, but almost certainly from Cedros Island. Three specimens in the collection of the Biological Survey are from San Quintin (U. S. N. M. Nos. 37571-2) and San Tomas (37574). The characters employed by Cope in his key to the species of Crotalus (1900, p. 1152) to distinguish Crotalus ruber (=exsul) are some- what misleading, especially as he separates ruber widely from atrox which I believe to be its nearest relative. There is a tendency to widening of the rostral, and to obscurity of the canthus rostralis in exsul, but neither character is constant, and the reddish coloration must be relied on in most cases as a key character. Crotalus enyo (Cope) Caudisona enyo Coreg, 1861, p. 293. Crotalus enyo STEJNEGER AND BarBour, 1917, p. 109. RaNnGE.—Southern Lower California. Lower CALIFORNIAN Recorps.—Cape St. Lucas, La Paz, Yarrow, 1882, p. 74; San José del Cabo, Van Denburgh. 1895, p. 157; Mulege, Mocquard, 1899, p. 333; Miraflores, San Antonio, Todos Santos, San Bartolo, San Pedro, Sierra Laguna, Van Denburgh and Slevin, 1921a, p. 71. A specimen collected by the Biological Survey, U. S. N. M. No. 37570, is from Santa Anita. Crotalus cerastes Hallowell Crotalus cerastes HALLOWELL, 1854, p. 95; STEJNEGER AND Bargour, 1917, p. 108. RancE.—Southwestern Utah to southeastern California and northeastern Lower California. Lower CALIFORNIAN Recorps.—San Felipe, Meek, 1905, p. 18. Four specimens in the collection of the Biological Survey are from San Felipe Bay (U. S. N. M. Nos. 37562-3), Cocopah Mountains, east base (37564), and San Francisquito (37565). Crotalus mitchellii (Cope) Caudisona mitchellii Cop, 1861, p. 293. Crotalus mitchellii StEJNEGER AND BarBour, 1917, p. 110. RanaEe.—Southwestern Arizona to southern Lower California, 1922] Schmidt, Amphibians and Reptiles of Lower California 701 Lower CaLirorNIAN Recorps.—Cape St. Lucas, Cope, 1861, p. 293; Angel de la Guardia Island, Streets, 1877, p. 39; La Paz, Yarrow, 1882, p. 73; Santa Margarita Island, Las Huevitas, Sierra El Taste, San José del Cabo, Van Denburgh, 1894a, p. 450; Santa Rosalia, Mulege, San Ignacio, Mocquard, 1899, p. 331; Parral, San Matias, Meek, 1905, p. 18; Agua Caliente, Van Denburgh and Slevin, 1921a, p. 72. Two specimens (A. M. N. H. No. 5646 and U. 8. N. M. No. 64587) of this species were collected by the Albatross Expedition at Miraflores. One typical pale specimen, U. 8. N. M. No. 37566, comes from the Cocopah Mountains, east base, collected by the Biological Survey Ex- pedition. Crotalus goldmani,! new species Draqnostic CHARACTERS.—Allied to Crotalus mitchellit by the separatton of the rostral and nasal plates by a row of scales; distinguished by: (1) dark reddish brown coloration, with the dark markings more nearly rhombic, and with light centers; (2) scales narrower and more convex; (3) supraocular plate broken up into three or four small scales. RanGE.—Known only from the type locality. Tyrr.—U. S. N. M. No. 37573, «1; El Pifion, Lower California, 5300 feet; July 9, 1905; E. W. Nelson and A. E. Goldman. Description oF Type.—Habitus apparently stout, tail short, muzzle short; scales of top of head small, somewhat convex; canthus rostralis obtuse; rostral slightly higher than wide; a single row of scales between rostral and nasal; two pre- oculars, with two loreals between them and the posterior nasal, on each side; upper labials, 18-19; lower labials, 16-17; a small triangular area of small scales (8 or 9) between the loreal pit, the nasals, and the labials; supraocular divided into four scales on one side, three on the other, but with the fourth indicated; scales rather convex, especially on the head and tail, only the first row smooth; ventral plates, 180; sub- caudals, 25; dorsal scales, 23-27-21. Total length, 850 mm.; tail-length to base of rattle, 70 mm. General color brownish; ventrals with irregular brown punctation; back with rhombic markings of darker brown, as long as wide; on the anterior part of the body they are notched on the mid-line; posteriorly they become wider and narrower, with seven dark bands on the top of the tail, the last three nearly black. In view of the known variability in the scutellation of C. mitchelliz, the present specimen may prove to be merely an abnormal one of that species. C. mitchellzi, however, has not previously been recorded from the Pacific slope of the San Pedro Martir Mountains. It is typically a desert species, although it ranges into the lower border of the upper Sonoran life zone in California (4500 feet, at Asbestos Spring, east slope of the San Jacinto Mountains). The conditions described at El Pifion by Nelson (1921, p. 20) indicate thoroughly non-arid habitat conditions. 1Named for Mr. A. E. Goldman, Bureau of Biological Survey, associated with Dr. E. W. Nelson in the Lower Californian explorations of the Bureau of Biological Survey. 702 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. XLVI The true status of C. goldmani, therefore, remains to be cleared up, and in naming it, I hope to have emphasized the fact that it presents a problem for investigation. Key to the Species of Crotalus in Lower California and Adjacent Islands Ie 10. Superciliary scales produced into a horn-like process............ C. cerastes. Superciliary scales fat cic. . oo. ce Cece tied ee tos sais eee ele 2. Nasal plate separated from the rostral by one or two rows of small scales. . . . 3. Nasal in contact. with the rostral. .........¢5.,.0.-..-5- 665: sr 4. Supradcular aysingle shield#: 4.5.5 208 .c cus) 2G oes ere eee C’. mitchellii. Supraocular broken up into several plates.....................- C. goldmant. Top of head anteriorly with three pairs of enlarged scales in contact. . C. molossus. Top of head anteriorly with small seales...... 2.0... o.oo 5. Rostral ‘wider than?@highs......-. 2. -Giokics -o ct clta ck ao ee C. enyo. Rostral higher than wide (rarely nearly as wide as high).................... 6. Canthus rostralis often ill-defined; coloration reddish, markings indistinct in adult; pattern of side of head as in C. atroz................... C. exsul. Canthus rostralis distinct, dorsal rhombs distinct.....................-.. ee Tail light with three to six black rings; light postsuperciliary line reaches the scale row next to the labials anterior to the angle of the mouth. (C. atrox) .8. Tail with more numerous crossbands, less sharply defined; postsuperciliary line'passes behind angle'of mouth ..”....... 20: 2.2.5... sa@eeeeee C. oreganus. Dorsal rhombs with a light spot on each side (as in C. molossus), sometimes CONMMCM UL ioc cies bac laculermt 22% evedey os Bein ak eect eee eee C’. tortugensis. Dorsal rhombs not'as above... 0.0. ..6.02502.-464 00015205 ono 9. Ventral pistes 197-200. oe oo cre 2 eae ters yee ae eevee ene C. atrox elegans. Ventral plates fewer, maximum 195........:........ 44.0... 00 10. Dorsal rhombs sharply defined; light borders well defined laterally. C. atrox lucasensis. Dorsal rhombs less distinct, especially at the sides, the coloration without strong COMLTASE. BA. se ee eter ees ate ee rece a date ley ene eae C. atrox atrox. Crotalus tortugensis is not sufficiently characterized to make its place in the above key certain; I have tentatively placed it as an ally to C. atrox. TESTUDINATA Pseudemys ornata nebulosa (Van Denburgh) Chrysemys nebulosa VAN DENBURGH, 1895, p. 84, Pls. tv—v1. Pseudemys ornata nebulosa STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1917, p. 120. RANGE.—Southern Lower California. 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Nat. Sci. Phila., (2) VI, pp. 67-112. 1866a. ‘On Reptilia and Batrachia of the Sonoran Province of the Nearctic Region.’ Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., pp. 300-314. 1867. ‘A Review of the Species of the Amblystomide.’ Idem, pp. 166-211. 1867a. ‘A collection of Reptiles from Owen’s Valley, California.’ Idem, p. 85. 1868. ‘On Vertebrata from Nevada and Lower California.’ Idem, p. 2. 1868a. ‘Sixth Contribution to the Herpetology of Tropical America.’ Idem, pp. 305-313. 1871. ‘Description of the Common Lizard of Socorro, Uta auriculata.’ Proc. Boston Soe. Nat. Hist., XIV, p. 303. 1889. ‘The Batrachia of North America.’ Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, pp. 1-515, Pls. txxrx, LXXxII, LxxvI, text figs. 1-119. 1889a. ‘Report on the Batrachians and Reptiles collected in 1887-1888.’ (Scientific Results of the Explorations by the U. 8. Fish Commission Steamer ‘Albatross,’ No. 3.) Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XII, pp. 141-147. 1892. ‘A Critical Review of the Characters and Variations of the Snakes of North America.’ Idem, XIV, pp. 598-694. 1892a, ‘A Synopsis of the Species of the Teiid Genus Cnemidophorus.’ Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., XVII, pp. 27-52, Pls. vi—x1m1. 1894. ‘On the Iguanid Genus Uma Baird.’ Amer. Nat., XXVIII, pp. 434, 435, text figs. 1-4. 1894a. ‘On the Genera and Species of Euchirotide.’ Idem, pp. 436-437, text figs. 5-6. 1895. ‘On Some New North American Snakes.’ Idem, X XIX, pp. 676-680. 1896. ‘On Two Species of Lizards from Southern,California.’ Idem, XXX, pp. 833-836. 1896a. ‘On the Genus Callisaurus.’ Idem, pp. 1049, 1050. 1900. ‘The Crocodilians, Lizards and Snakes of North America.’ Ann. Rept. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898, pp. 153-1294, Pls. 1-xxxv1, text figs. 1-347. Darton, N. H. 1921. ‘Geologic Reconnaissance in Baja California.’ Journ. Geol., XXIX, No. 8, pp. 720-748, figs. 1-22. Dickerson, M.C. 1917. ‘Systematic Note on Lower California Lizards.’ Copeia, No. 50, pp. 96-98. , ae 1922] Schmidt, Amphibians and Reptiles of Lower California 705 1919. ‘Diagnosis of Twenty-three New Species and a New Genus of Lizards from Lower California.’ Bull. A. M. N. H., XLI, pp. 461-477. Dumérim, A. 1856. ‘Description des Reptiles Nouveaux ou imparfaitement connus de la collection du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle.’ Arch. Mus. Nat. Hist., VII, pp. 437-588, Pls. xvii—xxIv. E1sen, G. 1895. ‘Explorations in the Cape Region of Baja California in 1894, with References to Former Expeditions of the California Academy of Sciences.’ Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (2) IX, pp. 733-775, Pls. uxxtI-Lxxv. EscuscHo.tTz, F. 1833. ‘Zodlogischer Atlas, enthaltend Abbildungen und Beschreib- ungen neuer Thierarten wahrend des Flottcapitains von Kotzebue zweiter Reise um die Welt.’ Part 5, pp. i-viii, 1-28, Pls. xx1-xxv. Fenneman, N. M. 1916. ‘Physiographic Divisions of the United States.’ Ann. Assoc. Amer. Geogr., VI, pp. 19-98, Pl. 1. GarMAN, 8. 1883. ‘On the Reptiles and Batrachians. Part I. Ophidia-Serpents.’ Mem. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., VIII, part 3, pp. xxxi-185, Pls. 1-1x. GrrarpD, C. 1852. ‘A Monographie Essay on the Genus Phrynosoma.’ In Stans- bury, H., ‘Exploration and Survey of the Valley of the Great Salt Lake of Utah.’ Appendix C, pp. 354-365, Pls. vu, viit. Gray, J. E. 1839. In Beechey, F. W., ‘Zodlogy of Capt. Beechey’s Voyage. Rep- tiles,’ pp. 938-97, Pls. xx1Ix—xXxXXII. 1845. ‘Catalogue of the Specimens of Lizards in the Collections of the ’ British Museum,’ pp. xxviii-289. London. 1852. ‘Descriptions of Several New Genera of Reptiles, principally from the Collections of H. M. S. Herald.’ Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (2) X, pp. 487-440. GRINNELL, J. 1914. ‘An Account of the Mammals and Birds of the Lower Colorado Valley, with Especial Reference to the Distributional Problems pre- sented.’ Univ. Cal. Publ. Zoél., XII, pp. 51-294, 9 text figs. GRINNELL, J. AND Camp, C. L. 1917. ‘Distribution List of Amphibians and Rep- tiles of California.’ Univ. Cal. Publ. Zodl., pp. 127—208, text figs. 1-14. HALLOWELL, E. 1849. ‘Description of a New Species of Salamander from Upper California.’ Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., IV, p. 126. 1853. ‘On Some New Reptiles from California.’ Idem, VI, pp. 236-238. 1854. ‘Descriptions of New Reptiles from California.’ Idem, VII, pp. 91- 97. Horsrook, J. E. 1840. ‘North American Herpetology.’ IV, pp. i—viii, 9-126, 28 Pls. Philadelphia, J. Dobson. 4vo. Kennicott, R. 1859. In Baird, 8S. F., ‘Reptiles of the Boundary.’ U.S. Mexican Boundary Survey, II, part 2, pp. 1-35, Pls. 1-x11. 1860. ‘Descriptions of New Species of North American Serpents in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington.’ Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., pp. 328-338. LinpGren, W. 1888. ‘Notes on the Geology of Baja California, Mexico.’ Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (2) I, pp. 173-196. LocxineTon, W.N. 1880. ‘List of California Reptiles and Batrachia Collected by Mr. Dunn and Mr. W. J. Fisher in 1876.’ Amer. Nat., XIV, pp. 295, 296. Matuew, W.D. 1915. ‘Climate and Evolution.’ Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., XXIV, pp. 171-318, text figs. 1-33. 706 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History (Vol. XLVI McLarn, R. B. 1899. ‘Contributions to Neotropical Herpetology,’ pp. 1-5, PI. Wheeling, W. Va. [Privately printed.] Meek, 8. E. 1905. ‘Annotated List of a Collection of Reptiles from Southern California and Northern Lower California.’ Field Columbian Mus., Publ. Zoél., VII, No. 1, pp. 1-19, Pls. 1-1, map, MocauarpD, F. 1899. ‘Contribution 4 la faune herpétologique de la Basse Cali- fornie.’ Nouv. Arch. Mus. Nat. Hist., (4) I, pp. 297-344, Pls. x1—x111. Mourpuy, R.C. 1917. ‘Natural History Observations from the Mexican Portion of the Colorado Desert.’ Abstr. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y., 1916, pp. 43-101, Pls. 1-v1. Netson, E. W. 1921. ‘Lower California and its Natural Resources.’ Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci., XVI, pp. 1-194, Pls. 1-xxxv. 1834. ‘Zodlogische Miscellen. Reptilien. Ophidier.’ Abh. Mus. Senck., I, pp. 129-162, Pls. vii—rx. Ricuarpson, C. H. 1915. ‘Reptiles of Northwestern Nevada and Adjacent Terri- tory.’ Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XLVIII, pp. 403-4385. Rutuven, A.G. 1908. ‘Variations and Genetic Relationships of the Garter Snakes.’ Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., No. 61, pp. xii-201, text figs. 1-82, Pl. 1. Say, T. 1823. In James, E., ‘Account of an Expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains under the command of Major S. H. Long.’ II, pp. 1-442. Scumipt, K. P. 1921. ‘A New Name for a Subspecies of Uta stansburiana Baird and Girard.’ Amer. Mus. Nov., No. 15, pp. 1-2. 1921a. ‘New Species of North American Lizards of the Genera Holbrookia and Uta.’ Amer. Mus. Nov., No. 22, pp. 1-6. STtEJNEGER, L. 1889. ‘Description of a New Lizard from Lower California.’ Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XII, pp. 643, 644. 1890. ‘On a New Genus and Species of Colubrine Snakes from North America.’ Idem, XIII, pp. 151-155. 1891. ‘Description of a New Species of Lizard from the Island of San Pedro Martir, Gulf of California.’ Idem, XIV, pp. 407, 408. 1893. ‘Reptiles and Batrachians collected by the Death Valley Expedition in 1891.’ N. Amer. Fauna, No. 7, pp. 159-288, Pls. 1-1v. 1894. ‘Description of a New Lizard (Verticaria beldingi) from California.’ Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVII, pp. 17, 18. 1894a. ‘Description of Uta mearnsi, a New Lizard from California.’ Idem, XVII, pp. 589-591. 1901. ‘Description of a New Species of Snake from Clarion Island, West Coast of Mexico.’ Idem, XXIII, pp. 715-717. SresJNEGER, L. anp Barsour, T. 1917. ‘Check List of North American Reptiles and Batrachians,’ pp. iv-125. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, Mass. STEPHENS, FranK. 1921. ‘Phyllodactylus in California.’ Copeia, No. 91, p. 16. Streets, T. H. 1877. ‘Contributions to the Natural History of the Hawaiian and Fanning Islands and Lower California.’ Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 7, pp. 1-172. TownsEnD, C. H. 1890. ‘Reptiles from Clarion and Socorro Island and Gulf of California with Description of a New Species.’ Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIII, pp. 148, 144. ReEvss, se 1922] Schmidt, Amphibians and Reptiles of Lower California 707 Van DenpureH, J. 1894. ‘Description of Three New Lizards from California and Lower California with a Note on Phrynosoma blainvillii.’ Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (2) IV, pp. 296-301. 1894a. ‘Notes on Crotalus mitchellii and “Crotalus pyrrhus.”’’ Idem, pp. 450-455. 1894b. ‘Phrynosoma solaris with a Note on its Distribution.’ Idem, p. 456. 1895. ‘Review of the Herpetology of Lower California, Part I, Reptiles.’ Idem, (2) V, pp. 77-163, Pl. 1v—xiv. 1895a. ‘A Review of the Herpetology of Lower California. Part II. Batrachians.’ Idem, pp. 556-561. 1896. ‘Additional Notes on the Herpetology of Lower California.’ Idem, pp. 1004-1008. 1898. ‘The Gerrhonotus of the San Lucan Fauna, Lower California, with diagnosis of other west American species.’ Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., pp. 63-66. 1905. ‘Reptiles and Amphibians of the Islands of the Pacific Coast of North America from Farallons to Cape St. Lucas.’ Idem, (3) IV, pp. 1-40, Pls. -vii1. 1920. ‘A Further Study of Variation in the Gopher Snakes of Western North America.’ Idem, (4) X, pp. 1-28, Pls. 1-11, text figs. 1-7. 1920a. ‘Description of a New Species of Rattlesnake (Crotalus lucasensis) from Lower California.’ Idem, pp. 29, 30, Pl. m1. 1920b. ‘Description of a New Lizard (Dipsosaurus dorsalis lucasensis) from Lower California.’ Idem, pp. 33, 34. Van Densourau, J. AND SLEVIN, J. R. 1913. ‘List of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Arizona with Notes on the Species in the Collection of the Academy.’ Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (4) III, pp. 391-454, Pls. xvii—xxvi1l. 1914, ‘Reptiles and Amphibians of the Islands of the West Coast of North America.’ Idem, (4) IV, pp. 129-152. 1918. ‘The Garter Snakes of Western North America.’ Idem, (4) VIII, pp. 181-270, Pls. vu—xvit. 1921. ‘A List of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Nevada, with Notes on the Species in the Collection of the Academy.’ Idem, (4) XI, pp. 27-38. 1921a. ‘A List of the Amphibians and Reptiles of the Peninsula of Lower California, with Notes on the Species in the Collection of the Academy.’ Idem, pp. 49-72. 1921b. ‘Preliminary Diagnosis of New Species of Reptiles from Islands in the Gulf of California.’ Idem, pp. 95-98. 1921c. ‘Preliminary Diagnoses of More New Species of Reptiles from Islands in the Gulf of California, Mexico.’ Idem, pp. 395-398. Wiecmann, A. F. A. 1835. ‘Beitrige zur Zodlogie gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde von Dr. F. J. E. Meyen. Amphibien.’ Nova Acta, XVII, part 2, No. 7. Yarrow, H.C. 1875. ‘Report on Collection of Batrachians and Reptiles. Report upon the Geographical and Geological Exploration and Survey west of the 100th meridian, in charge of Lieut. Wheeler.’ V, Chap. 4, pp..511-584. 1882. ‘Check List of North American Reptilia and Batrachia.’ Bull. U. S. Nat.’ Mus., No. 24, pp. 1-249. 1882a. ‘Description of New Species of Reptiles and Amphibians in the U.S. National Museum.’ Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., V, pp. 438-443. L Ry . ’ } £ as : +2 < re | Veh » ; baetar eet ia Be PLATES XLVII ro LVII = Prater XLVII Valley of the San José River looking westward, the town of San José del Cabo visible at the foot of the distant hills. The luxuriant vegetation of the irrigated fields of the river bottom (at left) contrasts with the sparse growth, among which cacti may be distinguished, on the rise of ground (at right). Most of the species of reptiles characteristic of the Cape fauna may be found here. ITATX F1V1g ‘TATX “TOA ‘HON CIN CV ‘NILa TIN Puate XLVIII Agua Verde Bay. The abrupt eastern escarpment of the mountains, with a narrow stretch of coastal plain is characteristic of the topography of the gulf coast of Lower California. Callisawrus ventralis gabbii and Verticaria hyperythra schmidti are among the reptiles characteristic of this locality, and of this side of the peninsula. IIIATX @4V1q ‘TATX “TOA TT ON CIN CV ‘NIG@T1Og Puate XLIX Sauromalus varius Dickerson. A.M. N. H. No. 5618, San Esteban | (total length 458 mm.). F XLIX XLVI, PLaTE VOL. Need M. BuLLetin, A. Pirate L Fig. 1. Sauromalus hispidus Stejneger. A. M. N. H. No. 5608, Angel de la Guardia Island. To show spinous character of nuchal scales in the adult. Fig. 2. Sauromalus hispidus Stejneger, U. 8S. N. M. No. 64572, same locality. To show transverse dorsal bands of the juvenile coloration. (Neck constricted by label.) Fig. 3. Sauromalus ater Duméril. A. M. N. H. No. 6808, La Paz. To show the similarity of the juvenile coloration and the difference in nuchal scales in a specimen of approximately the same size as S. hispidus in Fig. 2. XLVI, Puarz L VOL. M.N. H. A. BULLE PiaTE LI Fig. 1. Ventral coloration in males of the several species of Callisaurus. From left to right, C. ventralis ventralis Hallowell, A. M. N. H. No. 2451; C. ventralis inusi- tatus Dickerson, A. M. N. H. No. 5334; C. splendidus Dickerson, A. M. N. H. No. 5372; C. ventralis gabbii Cope, A. M. N. H. No. 5308; C. draconoides Blainville, U.S. N. M. No. 64514; and C. crinitus Cope, A. M. N. H. No. 5502. The coloration of C. ventralis myurus (not figured) is indistinguishable from that of C. ventralis ventralis. Fig. 2. Callisaurus draconoides Blainville, normal dorsal coloration; A. M. N. H. No. 5659 (left) and U.S. N. M No. 64518 (right). Fig. 3. Same species, light color phase; A. M. N. H. No. 5391 (left) and U.S. N. M. No. 64514 (right). XLVI, Puate LI VOL. M. N. H. A. BULLETIN, Puate LII Fig. 1. Callisaurus crinitus Cope, U. 8S. N. M. No. 64530. To show the char- acteristic, finely maculate dorsal coloration. Fig. 2. Callisaurus ventralis inusitatus Dickerson, A. M. N. H. No. 5317. To show extreme elongation of body and limbs, and dorsal color pattern. Fig. 3. Enlarged view of the lateral digital scales of the fourth toe of Callisaurus crinitus which form the ‘‘fringe.”’ Buuietm, A. M. N. H. Vou. XLVI, Puate LII Pate LILI >, Fig. 1. Uma notata Baird, A. M. N. H. Nos. 22240 (right) and 22241 (lef show dorsal color pattern and stout, short-l-gged habitus. Fig. 2. Enlarged view of the base of the fourth toe of Uma notata Field. Mus. 1203, to show scales of the digital fringe : a XLVI, Puate LIII VoL. rm — Zz ) | _ =) faa) _ Piate LIV Fig. 1. Phrynosoma coronatum Blainville, U.S. N. M. No. 64465. Fig. 2. Phrynosoma blainvillii blainvillii Gray, Field Mus. No. 1074, Trinidad, Lower California. Fig. 3. Phrynosoma nelsoni, new species, paratype, Field Mus. No. 1127, ‘San y Quintin, Lower California. To show the character of the frontal scales. a ” ye a, AIT 44V1g ‘TATX “10A HON CIN CV ‘NILaTTOg _ Puare LV , Phrynosoma jamesi, new species, U. S. N. M. No, 64450, type. aoa LV XLVI, Prats VoL. A. MON. EL. ULLETIN, » > WT sags Puate LVI Phrynosoma jamesi, new species, A. M. N. H. No. 5497, paratype. Enl views of head. cH Audve ait Pruate LVI XLVI, Vou M. N. H. A. BULLETIN, Puate LVII Dee Cnemidophorus celeripes Dickerson, U.S. N. M No. 64444, San José Isl . : ~ 5 $ 2 b= ie i x ~ S ; 7 Z q , . — LV XLVI, Puatrs VOL. M. N. H. A. BULLETIN, id ee aoe, 2 FM Pirate LVI Phrynosoma jamesi, new species, A. M. N. H. No. 5497, paratype. Enlarged views of head. 2gac* .) IAT DLV 1g TA’ qd TMi a »\ ‘THON CIN ‘VW ‘Nia T1ng Puate LVII Piare LVII XLVI, Vou. HH, N. Buuuetin, A. M. ee a aT i rT 5 Ri Pah i dl Oe ee, TS ee ScreNTIFIC RESULTS OF THE EXPEDITION TO THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA In CHarce or ©. H. TowNsEnD, By THE U. §. Fisuerizs STEAM- sHip ‘ALBATROSS,’ IN 1911. Commanper G. H. Burraas, U.S.N., COMMANDING. Published by Permission of the U. S. Commissioner of Fisheries 1X Birds Collected in Lower California By CHARLES Haskins TOWNSEND BULLETIN OF * THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Vor. XLYIU, Ann. I, pp. 1-26 New York Issued March 9, 1923 BULLETIN, NOVITATES, AND MEMOIRS OF The American Museum of Natural History Frank E. Lutz, Epiror we RS The following are the more recent papers on MAMMALOGY AND OrnitHonocy. Orders should be addressed, Library, The American Museum of Natural History, 77th St. and Central Park West, Ags York City. MAMMALOGY The Indigenous Land Mammals of Porto Rico, Living and Extinct. By H. E. Anthony, 1918, Memoirs, N.S., II, part 2, pp. 331-435, Pls. nv— Lxxiv, 55 text figures. Severtzow’s Classification of the Felide. By J. A. Allen, 1919, Bulletin, XLI, Art. 6, pp. 335-340. Notes on the Synonymy and Nomenclature of the Smaller Spotted Cats of Tropical America. By J. A. Allen, 1919, Bulletin, XLI, Art. 7, pp. 341- 419, 31 text figures. Mammals Collected in Eastern Cuba in 1917, with Descriptions of Two New Species. By H. E. Anthony, 1919, Bulletin, XLI, Art. 20, pp. 625- 643, Pls. xxxy—-xxxvi. New Mammals from Jamaica. By H. E. Anthony, 1920, Bulletin, XLII, Art. 12, pp. 469-475, Pl. xxxmu, 4 text figures. Description of a New Species of Serow from Yim-nan Province, China. By Roy Chapman Andrews, 1921, Novitates, No. 6, pp. 1-3. / A Remarkable Case of External Hind Limbs in a Humpback Whale... By Roy Chapman Andrews, 1921, Novitates, No. 9, pp. 1-6. New Mammals from British Guiana and Colombia. By H. E. Anthony, 1921, Novitates, No. 19, pp. 1-7. Preliminary Report on Ecuadorean Mammals, No.1. By H. E. nthony.” ; 1921, Novitates, No. 20, pp. 1-6. Preliminary Report on Ecuadorean Mammals, No. 2. By H. E. Anthony, — 1922, Novitates, No. 32, pp. 1-7. A New Fossil Rodent from Ecuador. By H. E. Anthony, 1922, oviteates, No. 35, pp. 1-4. The American Museum Congo Expedition Collection of Insectivora. By J. A. Allen, 1922, Bulletin, XLVI, Art. 1, pp. 1-88, Pls. r-ty, 1 text ay figure. Sciuride, Anomaluride, and Idiuride Collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition. By J. A. Allen, 1922, Bulletin, XLVII, Art. 2, + pp. 39-71, Pl. v. : i Mammals from Mexico and South America. By H. E. Anthony, 1923, Novitates No. 54, pp. 1-10. Preliminary Report on Ecuadorean Mammals, No.3. By EB. Anthony, 3 1923, Novitates, No. 55, pp. 1-14. gO SES be 50c. 10c. ee te es a 15e. eric S10: 108 iC a ; 10c, , BuuueTiIn A. M. N. H. Vou. XLVIII, Puars I Tiburon Island Towhee Pipilo fuscus jamesi Town BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOLUME XLVIII, 1923 59.82 (72.2) Article I— BIRDS COLLECTED IN LOWER CALIFORNIA By CyHares Haskins TOWNSEND Puate I During the voyage of the U.S. Fisheries Steamer ‘Albatross’ in Lower California waters in 1911, collecting parties were sent ashore at thirty different points on the lower part of the peninsula, on islands in the Gulf of California and along the west coast. Among the collections were 804 birds representing 159 species and subspecies. As more than three-fourths of these were land birds, many of them peculiar to Lower California, and as certain islands had not previously been visited by naturalists, the collection is of considerable interest. With the exception of those from Guadalupe Island, all of the birds taken were from points south of the San Benita Islands in the Pacific and Angel de la Guardia Island in the Gulf, a section including the lower half of the peninsula, and embracing all of the Cape faunal district. Specimens were obtained of most of the species characteristic of this district which lies within the arid tropical life zone. The expedition being engaged in several lines of inquiry, including fishery and oceanographic work, and the duration of the voyage limited to two months, the time available for bird collecting was not sufficient for any very thorough examination of the bird fauna. The total number of days or parts of days spent, at anchor, was forty-three, but at some points the vessel remained at anchor only a few hours. 1 2 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History ——« (Vol. XLVIIT Following is a list of the anchorages, with dates of arrival and departure: Ports VisiTED ARRIVAL DEPARTURE Ban Brameiseo F315 kts Pte ds ooo ee HE ALPS Teo ae nae Feb. 23 San ADieeo we awe celts Pae eee ments Wee eT CLD: ose at ak aidan Feb. 28 Guadalupe islands): 25055-35.5-ce ey ean ae ee eee a Mar... 4 bots athel B)CeY COMP eet Sate ORI) RRR Cn MAURIE, nie IY Loh Diam (Gh aa cl ten oe RTO WS Mar. 7 Sane Benito ld see Pe ee ee en IVE airs Oye ic Aaa ae se ee Mar. 10 Cerros islam day(s se te ce a seers aaenc Mian Qins 8 xatenteoen te et ee ae Mar. 12 SEvioy [Stra iolloyans BEN 5. Bien pga ded oo ok Miele A'S eon rae a ee a Mar. 15 San. Omsto bal Hayes. ac pesus cote dactons oe ae, cd he ls i ate Gees Mar. 15 royevishad a OYE | ULeB Ko LBs aan a ear DU eR DY EST ciel No inset yi er ieee, PRE PH aIA SoBe Mar. 15 AipreojosAmchora@es ay ycisesusis cet on ee Leu LO le ae ke ani anne cee Mar. 16 OPE NOTCE MY Leh hel ee eens ene Mie nal Racer Syeclearla c Mar lS sic i. oie abe ae eee Mar. 18 Mido dailenaeiBaysii.', G sjetcsmer tosses Mine eet Pe AAT LS noc eo cure aoe Tey ae Mar. 19 Margarita TS] amaints cece; teretens heen Naat Omer, Syme Re Fer ere eae eee Mar. 20 MarcyveChanivel ity Aenea etn omnes Mary20) \. ee rea eee Mar. 21 Capensat UCAS «cca taut ee oe sce tele AGRE Doe: teen nea eee Mar, 25 Sail SORES MACAO Ses oe hy ik eo lere hace ae ok oy CuFt er ca Mar. 26 Pichi iMpwe Baye wo < | asada isin eek cc NLL A to ka ee es eee Mar. 30 Sam JOSE Esleammals, jatrn site cies see ce wie aeaues oath MU eRe ages ga) oh e he barca a Apr. 1 ABTS VICE BAY. be do: do Soli. c heey Oe Ae eae AR gi LAE pole oy Apr. ; Oarmen“Tsland. hia) toss have ice PND Oe be ee hee Apr. 3 IVP eee Nore ate ANY a Set pret eA TSUN AUS mabe aa: cee ee a a Apr. 5 Concepelons Bayne a eae Eee TANG) Gob eat eee Se SERRE nage TB eg diy Apr. 8 Sa ALAN CISQUAIGOS Se shh o. bchtameieed erate tO eeseeek eres cence erate on ae Apr. 10 | Angel de la Guardia Id................... Apr TO shag uk fash Sate li ae Apr. 11 - Tiburontld aes eso eee as ore ee At, Abs tte ions lets: ae ee ee Apr. 13 Santiusteban Ld. ctw, kata eas eeu Avan coh ait tn tes teas ee ee Apr. 14 . (GUS VIN ARE ets Nepohte Le de en nee rt ATO Tg OIL Ss, care LONG) fier a! mite ea Apr. 15 Sancan@ atalmean VCs screen eee kee ene eee, Apri oe aay eet Ae eee Apr. 16 Santa Crumlin ihe ce leis seo epee PADD GSO gets ot) oe aa Com deeeaet ton ee Apr. 16 Pichilineve ibn: (basesz) hae acu AN OLE g AVA ar ot et raa Oa ay Apr. 19 Esprita Bantoilidet 2703 ek oe: Apr Or Ld Sit eee meee Apr. 19 Ceralbo Islanders 3 aed coe eh one 2 Ge DEC LO eo eetve tos Pee rae ee Apr. 19 San, Jose del (Cade... | fA. sce wine EE tne Gece eer a nt eles ee Apr. 20 Sanvbartolome Bayeuser ees oa iN) 0) whe: Taper ate te EDS deen AON! 2's ALLE PATICISGO! steak Steed aces ewe cern Meee ApT: 28) woe eaes Meta Sil ean Ge Ce The islands visited by the expedition that are known to have endemic species of birds are Guadalupe, the San Benitas, Cedros off Lower Cali- fornia, and Tiburon off the coast of Sonora. Guadalupe Island, in latitude 29° and 135 miles west of San Quintin Bay, is about 20 miles long and from 3 to 7 miles wide. It is mountain- ous, the greatest height being 4,500 feet. Guadalupe is partly wooded and has a few fresh-water springs. It has been inhabited temporarily. PRT ee ee eee ee ey ea 1923] Townsend, Birds Collected in Lower California 3 The following species and subspecies of land birds are peculiar to the island: Polyborus lutosus Pipilo consobrinus Colaptes cafer rufipileus ~ Salpinctes obsoletus quadeloupensis Carpodacus amplus Thryomanes brevicauda Junco insularis Regulus calendula obscurus There are three small islands in the San Benito group which lie about 15 miles west of Cedros Island. West Benito, the largest island, has a central height of 661 feet. All lack fresh water and are uninhabited. There are two endemic birds, Passerculus rostratus sanctorum and Carpo- dacus megregori. Cedros Island, about 10 miles from the nearest point of the main- land, has a length of 21 miles and a width of from 3 to 9 miles. It is mountainous, the highest peak being nearly 4,000 feet. The island is sparsely wooded, with some cedars and pines on the higher elevations. Cedros has a few springs of fresh water and has been temporarily inhabited by miners. The only land bird peculiar to the island is Thryomanes bewickit cerroensis. Tiburon is the largest island in the Gulf; it is thirty miles long by fifteen in width, and has a height of 4,000 feet. The fauna of Tiburon Island has been derived chiefly from the main- land of Sonora, from which it is separated by a channel varying from one to three miles in width. None of the thirteen species of land birds secured on Tiburon Island are referable to races belonging to Lower California. The width of the Gulf of California averages considerably greater than that of the peninsula, exceeding 100 miles in the latitude of Guaymas, its central portion. The following land birds were taken on Tiburon Island: Passerculus rostratus rostratus Colaptes chrysoides mearnsi Pipilo fuscus jamesi Centurus uropygialis uropygialis ‘Cardinalis cardinalis affinis Toxostoma bendiret Phainopepla nitens Auriparus flaviceps lamprocephalus Dryobates scalaris cactophilus Heleodytes brunneicapillus brunneicapil- Myjiarchus cinerascens cinerascens lus Empidonaz difficilis difficilis Polioptila plumbea One of the birds in the above list (Pzpilo fuscus jamesi) is described elsewhere in this paper as a new subspecies. It is probable that this large and mountainous island contains other unknown birds. It had not previously been visited by ornithologists. Tiburon is inhabited by Seri Indians believed to be dangerous to small parties. Science as yet knows nothing of the interior of this island. 4 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History (Vol. XLVIII Although most species of birds should have been nesting at this season, March and April, very few nests were seen. Birds were collected chiefly by Messrs. H. E. Anthony and P. I. Osburn, although many were obtained by Dr. Paul Bartsch and myself. The naval officers attached to the ‘Albatross’ brought on board numerous specimens of water birds. Lower California has not yet been fully explored ornithologically. The following records, relating mostly to the distribution of the species met with, include some localities not previously visited by ornithologists, and are, with a few exceptions. restricted to localities visited by the expedition. Fig. 1. The ‘Albatross’ at San Josef Island, Gulf of California. The nomenclature is that of the A. O. U. list, with such additions as have appeared in Ridgway’s “Birds of North and Middle America.’ For information on the physiography of the localities here referred to, reference may be made to part one of this series of reports, which contains the narrative of the voyage with numerous illustrations. Colymbus nigricollis californicus (Heermann) EarED GREBE The eared grebe was observed at several points in the Gulf, being quite common at San Josef Island, Agua Verde Bay, San Francisquito Bay, and Angel Guardia Island. Eight specimens, San Josef Island, March 30 and San Francisquito Bay, April 10. ; 1923] Townsend, Birds Collected in Lower California eo Gavia pacifica (Lawrence) Paciric Loon One specimen was taken April 11 at Tiburon Island where it was rather abundant. Our notes do not show that it was observed elsewhere. Cerorhinca monocerata (Pallas) RHINOCEROS AUKLET A single specimen was secured at San Cristobal Bay on March 15. There are no records of this auklet having been found farther south. Ptycorhamphus aleuticus (Pallas) Cassin’s AUKLET Four specimens taken: Guadalupe Island, March 2-4, and West San Benito Island, March 10. We found parts of East Benito so riddled with burrows of auklets that it was difficult to walk without breaking into them. When cruising in the schooner ‘Laura’ late in November, 1884, I took two specimens of this auklet off San Cristobal Bay. Brachyrhamphus craverii (Salvadori) CRAVERI’S MURRELET This bird we found only at San Esteban Island in the Gulf, where a single example was secured April 14. San Esteban Island is about twenty miles from Isla Raza where Dr. T. H. Streets found Craveri’s murrelet breeding in abundance in April, 1875. The species is peculiar to Lower California and the Gulf regions. Larus philadelphia (Ord) BoNAPARTE’S GULL Specimens were taken at Carmen Island, April 3, Mulege, April 4, and Tiburon Island, April12. It was fairly common at La Pazon April 18. On March 27, 1889, I obtained this gull in the northern part of the Gulf. Larus heermanni Cassin HEERMAN’S GULL This species was observed from April 1 to 19 at many points in the Gulf, from Ceralbo Island northward to Angel Guardia and Tiburon islands. It breeds in considerable numbers at Isla Raza and Ildefonso. Sterna maxima Boddaert Roya TERN Numerous at San Josef Island on March 30 and at Guaymas on April 15. Specimens were obtained at San Cristobal Bay, March 15, Abreojos Point, March 16, and Angel Guardia Island, April 10. 6 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History {Vol. XLVIIL Sterna elegans Gambel ELEGANT TERN Common in April at several points in the Gulf from La Paz to Angel Guardia and San Esteban islands. Observed at Guaymas, April 15. Sixteen specimens, one of which was obtained on the west side of the peninsula at Abreojos Point, March 16. Puffinus opisthomelas Coues BLACK-VENTED SHEARWATER One specimen, San Bartolome Bay, March 13. Oceanodroma macrodactyla W. Bryant GUADALUPE PETREL Two specimens, Guadalupe Island, March 2-5. Oceanodroma kaedingi Anthony JXAEDING’S PETREL While the ‘Albatross’ was anchored at Guadalupe Island, March 2-5, nine specimens were captured on board at night, doubtless attracted by the electric lights around the deck house. Petrels were very numerous and their calls were heard about the vessel all night. Oceanodroma melania Bonaparte Buack PETREL Two specimens, San Jose del Cabo March 26 and San Francisquito Bay, April 9. On a former voyage I found this petrel abundant off Guaymas. Oceanodroma homochroa (Coues) AsHy PETREL One specimen, taken on board at night, off San Benito Islands, April 23. Sula brewsteri Goss BREWSTER’S Boosy Observed in the Gulf from March 30 to April 18, at most of the points visited by the expedition. One specimen, taken at San Josef Island, March 31. In 1889 I found this booby breeding in considerable numbers at Georges Island near the head of the Gulf.. — In 1888 Col. N. S. Goss estimated that about 700 of this species and about 1000 blue-footed boobies were breeding on San Pedro Martir Isle, which lies midway in the Gulf about 25 miles south of Tiburon —o, Fig. 2. San Pedro Martir Island, Gulf of California. Nesting place of Sula brewster?. Fig. 3. Boobies. U. 8.8. ‘Albatross,’ in the Gulf of California. 7 8 ‘ Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. XLVIII Island. At that time a guano company with about 135 employees was removing guano and causing great disturbance among the nesting birds. Col. Goss predicted that with the exhaustion of the guano supply the birds would return in great numbers, and this has evidently taken place. The accompanying photograph taken on April 15 from the deck of the ‘Albatross’ while passing San Pedro Martir, shows the greater part of the island densely covered with birds. This barren rock, less than a mile in length and width, is over 1000 feet in height. We did not attempt to land, owing to the force of the gale which was blowing. Phalacrocorax auritus albociliatus Ridgway FARALLON CoORMORANT One specimen, Magdalena Bay, March 20. Cormorants were seen almost daily during the voyage. A compact flock of a thousand or more was seen at Santa Maria Bay, March 18, and a flock of nearly as many at San Roque Island, March 15. Fregata aquila (Linnzus) MAN-0’-WAR-BIRD This bird is common about the lower part of the peninsula from Magdalena Bay on the Pacific, where it nests on the mangroves, to Concepcion Bay on the Gulf. Chaulelasmus streperus (Linn:eus) GADWALL San Jose del Cabo, March 26, one specimen. Marila americana (Hyton) RepHEAD San Jose del Cabo, March 26, one specimen. Anas platyrhynchos Linnzus MALLARD Three mallards were seen at San Josef Island on March 30. Not observed elsewhere. Marila affinis (Eyton) Lesser Scaup Duck Seen at La Paz and San Josef Island late in March, and at Angel Guardia Island, April 10. a oe a. ae? = 1923] Townsend, Birds Collected in Lower California ) Nettion carolinense (Gmelin) GREEN-WINGED TEAL A small flock seen at La Paz, March 28. Mareca americana ((imelin) BALDPATE Seen at Angel Guardia Island, April 10. Wild ducks are not common in Lower California as there are few permanent streams and no lakes or fresh-water marshes. Oidemia perspicillata (Linnzeus) SurF ScoTter A few were observed at Angel Guardia Island, April 10 and 11. Mergus serrator Linnzus RED-BREASTED MERGANSER Observed at Mulege, April 4 and at Tiburon Island, April 11. Guara alba (Linnzus) Waiter [xis Rather common at San Josef Island, March 30 to April 1.. One specimen. | Plegadis guarauna (Linnus) WHITE-FACED Guossy Isis Two specimens, San Jose del Cabo, April 22. Botaurus lentiginosus (Montagu) AMERICAN BITTERN Magdalena Bay, March 20, one specimen. Ardea herodias treganzai Court WESTERN GREAT BLuE HERON Santa Maria Bay, March 18 and Angel Guardia Island, April 10, two specimens. Egretta candidissima (Gmelin) Snowy Eeret Obtained at San Francisquito Bay, April 9 and at Tiburon Island. April 10. 10 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History {Vol. XLVIII Dichromanassa rufescens (Gmelin) ReppisH EGRET ' Specimens obtained at Magdalena Bay, March 20 and at San Josef Island, March 30. This egret was observed at Concepcion Bay, April 8 and at Guaymas, April 7. Hydranassa tricolor ruficollis (Gosse) LovistANA HERON Magdalena Bay, March 20, one specimen. Observed at Concepcion Bay, April 7. Florida cerulea (Linnzus) LirrLe BuurE HERON Magdalena Bay, March 21, one specimen. ‘Several were seen at La Paz, April 18. Butorides virescens frazari (Brewster) FRAZAR’S GREEN HERON _ Specimens of this form of the green heron were obtaimed at Santa Maria Bay, March 18, and at San Josef Island, March 31. Green Herons probably of this race were seen at Mulege, April 4. Nycticorax nycticorax nevius (Boddaert) BLACK-CROWNED NicHtT HERON Specimens were taken at Abreojos Point, March 16, and at Mate lena Bay, March 22. Night herons apparently of this form were observed at San Josef Island, March 30, and at Concepcion Bay, April 5. Nyctanassa violacea (Linnzus) YELLOW-CROWNED NicHT HERON Taken at Santa Margarita Island, March 20. Pisobia minutilla (Vieillot) Least SANDPIPER Taken at San Bartolome Bay, March 13 and 14 and at Abreojos Point, March 16. Ereunetes mauri Cabanis WESTERN SANDPIPER Obtained at San Bartolome Bay, March 13 and 14, Abreojos Point, March 16, and at Magdalena Bay, March 20. 1923) Townsend, Birds Collected in Lower California ete ¢ | Calidris leucophea (Pallas) SANDERLING Abreojos Point, March 16, two specimens. Limosa fedoa (Linnzus) MarBLED GODWIT Magdalena Bay, March 20, two specimens. Totanus melanoleucus (Gmelin) GREATER YELLOW-LEGS Abreojos Point, March 16, Magdalena Bay, March 20, five speci- mens. Catoptrophorus semipalmatus (Gmelin) WILLET Abreojos Point, March 16, five specimens. Heteractitis incanus (Gmelin) WANDERING TATLER Cerros Island, March 10, two specimens. Actitis macularis (Linnzus) SPoTTeD SANDPIPER San Bartolome Bay, March 13, Concepcion Bay, April 8, and La Paz, April 9, three specimens. Numenius americanus Bechstein LONG-BILLED CURLEW Abreojos Point, March 16 and Magdalena Bay, March 21, two specimens. Numenius hudsonicus Latham HupsoNnIAN CURLEW Santa Margarita Island, March 19, two specimens. Squatarola squatarola (Linnzus) BLACK-BELLIED PLOVER Abreojos Point, March 16, two specimens. Oxyechus vociferus (Linnzus) KILLDEER San Jose del Cabo, March 26 and Miraflores, May 11, three speci- mens. 12 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History (Vol, XLVIII AEgialites semipalmata (Bonaparte) SEMIPALMATED PLOVER Abreojos Point, March 16, Tiburon Island, April 12, two specimens. Zegialitis nivosa Cassin Snowy PLOVER Abreojos Point, March 16, Magdalena Bay, March 20, and Carman Island, April 23, eight specimens. Ochthodromus wilsonius (Ord) WILson’s PLOVER La Paz, March 27, one specimen. Aphriza virgata (Gmelin) SURF-BIRD The surf-bird probably winters in considerable numbers in the Lower California and Gulf region, having been taken at Abreojos Point on the Pacific side of the peninsula on March 16, at San Josef Island in the Gulf on March 31, and at Tiburon Island off the coast of Sonora on April 12. Twenty or more were seen at San Josef Island. It is not mentioned by Bryant, or Brewster, nor in any of the papers on Lower California birds with which the writer is familiar. Although its migration route extends from Alaska to Chili, it has never been recorded as common anywhere, and its breeding range is still unknown. So far as observed by the writer, it frequents low rocks along shore that are almost a-wash. All that were seen were comparatively fearless, showing little coneern when approached. Arenaria melanocephala (Vigors) Biack TURNSTONE San Roque Island, March 15, Abreojos Point, March 16, and Tiburon Island, April 12, five specimens. Hematopus frazari Brewster FRAZAR’S OYSTER-CATCHER San Benito Islands, March 9, Cerros Island, March 10, Magdalena Bay, March 20, San Josef Island, March 31, and San Esteban Island, April 1, seven specimens. The oyster-catcher was observed at Agua Verde Bay, April 1, Angel Guardia Island, April 10, and Santa Catalina Island, April 16. A nest and eggs were found at Concepcion Bay, April 7. t ss ee ae eT ee ee 1923] Townsend, Birds Collected in Lower California 13 Hematopus bachmani Audubon Buiack OyYSTER-CATCHER Cerros Island, March 10, and San Roque Island, March 15, two specimens. Lophortyx californica vallicola (Ridgway) VALLEY QUAIL Not observed by the expedition on the Pacific coast of the peninsula, but found common at many places on the Gulf coast from Cape San Lucas northward to Agua Verde Bay, seven specimens. Columba fasciata viosce Brewster Viosca’s PIGEON Miraflores, April 25, May 5 and 20, and San Bernardo Mountain, May 13, eight specimens. Not seen north of the Cape region. Melopelia asiatica mearnsi Ridgway WESTERN WHITE-WINGED DOVE Late in March ten specimens were obtained at Cape San Lucas, San Jose del Cabo, and La Paz. Observed at most points in the Gulf visited by the ‘Albatross,’ including Tiburon Island. Zenaida macroura marginella (Woodhouse) WestTeRN Movurnine Dove Cape San Lucas, March 22 and 23. Observed at Mulege, April 4 and at Tiburon Island, April 13. Chamepelia passerina pallescens Baird Mexican Grounp Dove Cape San Lucas, March 24, San Jose del Cabo, March 26, six speci- mens. The ground dove was seen at Mulege, April 4. Accipiter cooperi (Bonaparte) Cooper’s Hawk Cape San Lucas, March 24, one specimen. Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi (Audubon) Harris's Hawk Cape San Lucas, March 23, one specimen, : 7 . 14 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History (Vol. XLVIII Buteo borealis calurus Cassin WESTERN RED-TAIL Miraflores, April 25, one specimen. Falco sparverius phalena (Lesson) Desert Sparrow Hawk West San Benito Island, March 9 and San Jose del Cabo, March 26, three specimens. Falco sparverius peninsularis Mearns San Lucas Sparrow Hawk Cape San Lucas, March 24 and Miraflores, May 2 and 18, six specimens. Polyborus cheriway (Jacquin) AUDUBON’S CARACORA Santa Margarita Island, March 19 and Magdalena Bay, March 21, two specimens. Pandion haliztus carolinensis (Gmelin) . OsPREY Observed at many places. Nests are conspicuous on the uninhabited islands such as Cedros and the San Benitos. Young ospreys were brought on board at Agua Verde Bay. Cerros Island, March 10, one specimen. Asio flammeus (Pontoppidan) SHORT-EARED OwL Cape San Lucas, March 23, one specimen. Otus xantusi Brewster : Xantus’s ScrREECH Own Miraflores, April 25 and May 18, twelve specimens. Bubo virginianus elachistus Brewster DwarFr HornepD Owl ; Angel Guardia Island, April 11, Espiritu Santo Island, April 18, Miraflores, April 30 and May 12, and La Palma, April 20, eight speci- mens. 1923] Townsend, Birds Collected in Lower California 15 Speotyto cunicularia hypogeza (Bonaparte) BurROWING OWL San Benito Islands, March 9 and Angel Guardia Island, April 10, two specimens. Glaucidium hoskinsi Brewster Hoskin’s Piemy Own Miraflores, April 25 and 30, two specimens. Micropallas whitneyi sanfordi Ridgway SANDFORD’s ELr Own Miraflores, April 25 and May 11 and San Bernardo Mountain, May 15, eight specimens. Geococcyx californianus (Lesson) Roap RUNNER A single specimen was taken at San Jose del Cabo, April 24. Al- though the road runner is an inhabitant of most parts of the peninsula, it was seldom observed by our party. I saw one at San Cristobal Bay, November 16, 1884. Megaceryle alcyon (Linnzus) BELTED KINGFISHER Magdalena Bay, March 20 and La Paz, March 29, two specimens. Dryobates scalaris lucasanus (Xantus) San Lucas WoopreckER Common from Cape San Lucas to La Paz. Obtained also at Carmen, San Josef, and Santa Cruz islands, 17 specimens. Dryobates scalaris cactophilus Oberholser Cactus WoopPECKER Tiburon Island, April 12. Melanerpes formicivorus angustifrons Baird NARROW-FRONTED WOODPECKER Miraflores, April 28 and May 8, ten specimens. Centurus uropygialis brewsteri Ridgway BREWSTER’S WOODPECKER Common from Cape San Lucas northward along the Gulf Coast to Mulege, 23 specimens. 16 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. XLVIII Centurus uropygialis uropygialis Baird GitA WooDpPECKER Tiburon Island, April 13, one specimen. Colaptes chrysoides chrysoides Malherbe GILDED FLICKER Agua Verde Bay, April 2 and Miraflores, May 17, two specimens. Colaptes chrysoides mearnsi Ridgway Mearn’s GILDED FLICKER Tiburon Island, April 13, one specimen. Phalenoptilus nuttalli californicus Ridgway Dusky Poor-WILu Miraflores, May 4, one specimen. Chordeiles acutipennis inferior Oberholser San Lucas NIGHTHAWK Miraflores, May 19, one specimen. Calypte coste (Bourcier) Cosra’s HUMMING-BIRD Cerros Island, March 10 and 12, Santa Maria Bay, March 18, Agua Verde Bay, April 1, San Josef Island, April 1, ten specimens. Calypte anna (Lesson) . ANNA’S HUMMING-BIRD Cerros Island, March 12, three specimens. Basilinna xantusi (Lawrence) XAantTus’s HUMMING-BIRD San Josef Island, March 31, Agua Verde Bay, April 1, and Mira- flores, May 4 and 11, ten specimens. Tyrannus vociferans Swainson Cassin’s KINGBIRD Cape San Lucas, March 23, San Jose del Cabo, March 26. Several were seen at Agua Verde Bay, April 2, three specimens. ‘ 1923] Townsend, Birds Collected in Lower California 17. Myiarchus cinerascens pertinax (Baird) Lower CaALirorNIA FLYCATCHER Common from Cape San Lucas northward along the Gulf coast to San Francisquito Bay. Taken also on San Josef and Ceralbo islands, 33 specimens. Myiarchus cinerascens cinerascens (Lawrence) ASH-THROATED FLYCATCHER Tiburon Island, April 11 and 12, San Esteban Island, April 13 and 14, five specimens. Sayornis sayus (Bonaparte) Say’s PHa@se Cerros Island, March 11 and 12 and Cape San Lucas, March 24. Empidonax difficilis cineritius Brewster Saw Lucas FiycaTcHER San Josef Island, March 31 and Agua Verde Bay, April 2. Empidonax difficilis difficilis Baird WESTERN FLYCATCHER Tiburon Island, April 12. Empidonax trailli trailli (Audubon) TRAILL’S FLYCATCHER San Bernardo Mountain, May 15. The only specimen secured is tentatively referred to the western form. Empidonax wrighti Baird Wricut’s FLYCATCHER : Cape San Lucas, March 23 and 24, La Paz, March 30, and co Cruz Island, April 16, seven specimens. Otocoris alpestris actia Oberholser CALIFORNIA HoRNED LARK Cerros Island, March 10, San Bartolome Bay, March 13 and 14. Shore larks were seen at Carmen Island, April 3. Aphelocoma californica hypoleuca Ridgway XANTUS’S JAY Found from Santa Maria Bay on the Pacific to Concepcion Bay on the Gulf coast, 18 specimens. 18 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. XLVIII Corvus corax sinuatus Wagler RAVEN Specimens were taken at Cerros Island, March 12, Abreojos Point, March 16, and San Bartolome Bay, March 14. Ravens were seen at nearly all points visited by the expedition including Tiburon Island. Icterus parisorum Bonaparte Scorr’s ORIOLE Cape San Lucas, March 23 and 24, Miraflores, April 25 and May 6. Seen also at Tiburon Island, April 11. Icterus cucullatus nelsoni Ridgway ARIZONA HoopEep ORIOLE Common from Cape San Lucas northward along the Gulf coast to Agua Verde Bay. Seen also at Carmen Island, 11 specimens. Carpodacus mexicanus ruberrimus Ridgway San Lucas House Fincu Common from Miraflores northward to Mulege. Observed also at Espiritu Santo and Santa Catalina islands, 29 specimens. Carpodacus mexicanus clementis Mearns San CLEMENTE Howse FIncuH Cerros Island, March 12. Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis (Say) House Fincu The house finches seen on Tiburon and San Esteban islands were probably of this form, which occurs in Sonora. ° Carpodacus amplus Ridgway GUADALUPE HoutsE FINCH Guadalupe Island, March 1, 28 specimens. Carpodacus mcgregori Anthony McGrecor’s House Fincn West San Benito Island, March 9. Astragalinus psaltria hesperophilis Oberholser GREEN-BACKED GOLDFINCH San Jose del Cabo, March 25, Agua Verde Bay, April 2, and Mulege, April 4. ’ ; ; 1923] Townsend, Birds Collected in Lower California 19 Passerculus sandwichensis alaudinus Bonaparte WESTERN SAVANNAH SPARROW San Bartolome Bay, March 13. Passerculus rostratus guttatus Lawrence San Lucas Sparrow Abreojos Point, March 16, Santa Maria Bay, March 19, and Mag- dalena Bay, March 20 and 21, ten specimens. Passerculus rostratus rostratus (Cassin) LARGE-BILLED SPARROW Found at most points on the peninsula visited by the expedition and also at Tiburon Island, 16 specimens. Passerculus rostratus sanctorum Ridgway San Beniro SPARROW San Benito Island, March 9, 16 specimens. Chondestes grammacus strigatus Swainson WESTERN LARK SPARROW Cape San Lucas, March 22 and 24, five specimens. Zonotrichia leucophrys leucophrys (J. R. Forster) WHITE-CROWNED SPARROW San Bartolome Bay, March 13, Cape San Lueas, March 24, and San Jose del Cabo, March 26. Zonotrichia coronata (Pallas) GOLDEN-CROWNED SPARROW Cerros Island, March 12 and Cape San Lucas, March 24. Spizella pallida (Swainson) CLAY-COLORED SPARROW Cape San Lucas, March 24, five specimens. Spizella breweri Cassin BREWER’S SPARROW Cape San Lucas, March 24, Carmen Island, April 3, and Espiritu Santo Island, April 19, five specimens. Junco insularis Ridgway GUADALUPE JUNCO Guadalupe Island, March 2, five specimens. 20 Bulletin American Musewm of Natural History (Vol. XLVIII Amphispiza bilineata deserticola Ridgway DESERT SPARROW Taken at nearly all points visited by the expedition including San Esteban, Carmen, Santa Catalina, Santa Cruz, and Espiritu Santo islands. Melospiza lincolni lincolni (Audubon) LINCOLN’s SPARROW Tiburon Island, April 12. Pipilo maculatus magnirostris Brewster LARGE-BILLED TOWHEE San Bernardo Mountain, May 14. Pipilo fuscus albigula Baird San Lucas TowHEE San Bernardo Mountain, May 10, Miraflores, May 7-10. Pipilo fuscus jamesi, new subspecies TipurON Istanp TOWHEE SUBSPECIFIC CHARACTERS.—Smaller than P. f. intermedius, but bill and feet larger; coloration similar but paler throughout; chin, throat, breast and abdomen paler; upper parts and flanks much more ashy, ear coverts slightly ashier; anal and femoral regions and under tail-coverts decidedly less tawny; crown lighter rufous. Aver. of 2 ¢.—Length (skin), 198. Wing, 88. Tail, 92. Culmen, 15. Tarsus, 24. Middle-toe, 25. Aver. of 2 o'.—Length (skin), 197. Wing, 90. Tail, 89. Culmen, 16. Tarsus, 23. Middle-toe, 24. Tyrr.—No. 131,854, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., o ad., Tiburon Island. In general appearance of under parts this bird has more resemblance to P. f. albigula, the Lower California form, than to zntermedius of the adjacent Sonoran mainland, but is paler than either. The Tiburon birds were compared with specimens from Guaymas, taken March 3 to 23. Tiburon Island, April 12, 138. 4 specimens. Named for Mr. Arthur Curtiss James of New York. Oreospiza chlorura (J. K. Townsend) GREEN-TAILED TOWHER Specimens were taken at Cape San Lucas, March 24 and La Paz, March 29. It was observed also at Tiburon Island. | 1923] Townsend, Birds Collected in Lower California . 21 Cardinalis cardinalis igneus Baird San Lucas CarpDInab Found by the expedition in the Cape region where it is common and as far north as Concepcion Bay. Specimens were taken also at Carmen. Island. Cardinalis cardinalis affinis Nelson ALAMOS CARDINAL The single specimen of this genus, a female, secured at Tiburon Island on April 12 is tentatively referred to affinis, but appears to be smaller with larger feet. Pyrrhuloxia sinuata peninsule Ridgway San Lucas PyrRHULOXIA This bird was found by our party only at the extreme lower end of the peninsula, being taken at Cape San Lucas on March 23 and 24 and at San Jose del Cabo on March 26, seven specimens. Zamelodia melanocephala (Swainson) BLACK-HEADED GROSBEAK Cape San Lucas, March 24, Agua Verde Bay, April 12, Concepcion Bay, April 2, and Miraflores, May 10, six specimens. Passerina amoena (Say) Lazvutt BuntTiIne Concepcion Bay, April 7. , Observed at San Francisquito Bay, April 9, and at Tiburon Island, April 13. Passerina versicolor pulchra Ridgway BEAUTIFUL BUNTING Miraflores, May 7 and 17, San Bernardo Mountain, May 14, six specimens. Calamospiza melanocorys Stejneger Lark BuNTING Cerros Island, March 11, Santa Margarita Island, March 20, and Cape San Lucas, March 23, seven specimens. The record for Cerros Island indicates an extension of its known range. It was observed at Carmen and Tiburon islands. | 22 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History (Vol. XLVIIL Tachycineta thalassina brachyptera Brewster San Lucas SwaLtow San Jose del Cabo, March 25 and 26, Agua Verde Bay, April 2, San Francisquito Bay, April 9, Espiritu Santo Island, April 18, 13 specimens. Phainopepla nitens (Swainson) PHAINOPEPLA ; Obtained at Agua Verde Bay, April 1 and 2, Tiburon Island, April 12, and Miraflores, May 7, 11 specimens. Although known to be common in many parts of the peninsula, we did not see it except at the points mentioned. Lanius ludovidianus gambeli Ridgway CALIFORNIA SHRIKE Shrikes were taken at Cape San Lucas, March 24, San Jose del Cabo, March 25, and Angel Guardia Island, April 11. They were observed also at Tiburon Island. Vireosylva gilva swainsoni (Baird) WESTERN WARBLING VIREO Miraflores, April 25 and May 17 and San Bernardo Mountains, May 13, seven specimens. Lanivireo solitarius lucasanus (Brewster) San Lucas VrrEo Same localities and dates as preceding, eight specimens. Vireo belli pusillus Coues Least VIREO Santa Cruz Island, April 16. Vermivora celata lutescens (Ridgway) LuTEescENT WARBLER Santa Margarita Island, March 17 and 18 and Cape San Lucas, March 23. Dendroica bryanti castaneiceps Ridgway MANGROVE WARBLER Santa Maria Bay, March 17 and 18, La Paz, March 27, and San Jose del Cabo, March 25, six specimens. This warbler is common among the mangroves at Santa Maria Bay. 1923] Townsend, Birds Collected in Lower California 23 Dendroica auduboni auduboni (J. K. Townsend) AUDUBON’S WARBLER Cerros Island, March 12, and at sea, north of Guadalupe Island, April 25. Dendroica nigrescens (J. K. Townsend) BLACK-THROATED GRAY WARBLER Concepcion Bay, April 8. Seiurus noveboracensis notabilis Ridgway GRINNELL’S WATER THRUSH Magdalena Bay, March 21. Geothlypis trichas arizela Oberholser Paciric YELLOW-THROAT Magdalena Bay, March 20 and 21. Geothlypis beldingi Ridgway BELDING’s YELLOW-THROAT San Jose del Cabo, March 24 and 25 and Miraflores, May 5 and 9, six specimens. Wilsonia pusilla pileolata (Pallas) PILEOLATED WARBLER At sea, north of Guadalupe Island, April 25. Anthus rubescens (Tunstall) AMERICAN Prrir San Jose del Cabo, March 26 and Carmen Island, April 3. Oreoscoptes montanus (J. K. Townsend) Sacre THRASHER San Bartolome Bay, March 13, four specimens. Mimus polyglottos leucopterus (Vigors) WESTERN MOockKINGBIRD Specimens were taken at Cerros Island, March 11, Magdalena Bay, March 19, Cape San Lucas, March 23 and 24, La Paz, March 27 and 30, and at Arak Verde Bay, pial 4 The mockingbird was observed also at Mulege, Concepcion Bay, San Francisquito Bay, and Tiburon Island. It was fairly common wherever met with. ¢ 24 Bulletin American Museum oj Natural History [Vol. XLVIII Toxostoma bendirei (Coues) BENDIRE’S THRASHER Tiburon Island, April 3. Toxostoma cinereum cinereum (Xantus) San Lucas THRASHER Cape San Lucas, March 23, San Jose del Cabo, March 25, Agua Verde Bay, April 1 and 2, and Miraflores, May 9 and 10. Heleodytes brunneicapillus affinis (Xantus) San Lucas Cactus WREN Cape San Lucas, March 23, San Jose del Cabo, March 25 and 26, La Paz, March 29 and April 19, Agua Verde Bay, April 1 and 2, and Miraflores, May 19. Heleodytes brunneicapillus brunneicapillus (Lafresnaye) GuayMaAs Cactus WREN Tiburon Island, April 12. Salpinctes obsoletus obsoletus (Say) Rock WREN San Benito Islands, March 9 and Magdalena Bay, March 21. Salpinctes obsoletus guadeloupensis Ridgway GUADALUPE Rock WREN Guadalupe Island, March 2, ten specimens. Catherpes mexicanus polioptilus Oberholser INTERMEDIATE CANYON WREN Espiritu Santo Island, April 18 and 19. Thryomanes bewickii cerroensis (Anthony) CrRrROos IsLAND WREN Cerros Island, March 12, three specimens. Telmatodytes palustris plesius (Oberholser) WESTERN MarsH WREN San Francisquito Bay, April 10. Auriparus flaviceps lamprocephalus Oberholser Care VERDIN Magdalena Bay, March 19 and 21, Cape San Lucas, March 23 and 24, La Paz, March 30, Agua Verde Bay, April 2, Concepcion Bay, April 1923] Townsend, Birds Collected in Lower California 25 6 and 7, Angel Guardia Island, April 11, Ceralbo Island, April 19, Mira- flores, May 10 and 11, and Tiburon Island, April 12. A nest and two eggs were taken at Cape San Lucas on March 23, and a nest with three eggs at Tiburon Island, April 12, the eggs on the latter date being at the point of hatching. Polioptila czerulea obscura Ridgway WESTERN GNATCATCHER Specimens were taken at La Paz, March 29 and 30, Agua Verde Bay, April 12, Concepcion Bay, April 9, Ceralbo Island, April 19, Mira- flores, May 8. It was observed also at Mulege and Santa Catalina Island, and was rather common at most of the localities where it was found. Polioptila plumbea (Baird) PLUMBEOUS GNATCATCHER Santa Margarito Island, March 19, Cape San Lucas, March 24, San Jose del Cabo, March 26, La Paz, March 29 and 30, and Tiburon Island, April 12. Planesticus confinis (Baird) San Lucas Rosin San Bernardo Mountain, May 12-15, three specimens. STA. cuina 10126 ADALUPE I. 2010 N ee uass PINACATE MT. ADAIR B. ROCKY PT. B. EORGESB. SAN IGNACIOR Gu DIA I s05 75 [SAN CRISTOBAL =| 3 O Ww. |= R FRANCISQUITOB H'CALIFORNIA ! ' Asan PEDRO ’ ! H 1 ' MARTIN 1. y \ } +f wd ‘ " SAN PEDRO. 4, Nor t i ' ' ‘ ' ' ‘ ' \ STA ROSALIA 1 | ' col. \ Nn A ancos 1 CON CEPTIONE PT. SNIUANICQ 4s Vee Pave un CALIF OR SERRATE 995 AGIABAMPO OPOLOBAMPOR | 136 1912 AY CABO Bay S 1422 MAP OF THE LOWER CALIFORNIA REGION SHOWING ROUTE OF THE ALBATROSS EXPEDITION IN 1911 UNDER THE DIRECTION OF GH. TOWNSEND 3 * 4 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Number 74 May 9, 19238 59.51.7 (72,2) POLYCHZTOUS ANNELIDS FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES! By Aaron L. TREADWELL The following taxonomic paper refers to a collection of polychztous annelids made by the U. 8. 8S. ‘Albatross’ off the coast of Lower Cali- fornia. The specimens were in most cases poorly preserved, so that determination of species was sometimes uncertain and in a few cases not possible. The families certainly represented and the number of species found in each are shown in the following table. FAMILY Op Srectes New SPECIES SISSIES Ba eee ee a A a 1 MEE ee crak ial s Sigh aap aati tee oe 5 1 NIRS 220 or: 8-3 Fo gra, eo Mae al Y ots, Soles 1 7 EAS LO ene Le Sie teehee Seer 2 TESTA TY CCL EE ice eae as aA erates SPate Wane nataioe a 1 ov ETEEEVO EEE, 5 SRE Seg cP is tn fee 3 LE TLDs BS eco eA a gee FR RN e ea 8 TOP SYELET ISO oR 5 ac ey poe an eA ROR AO ee ? MTNA SHINEG) re ee Ree ey edits ti PN Waco ta ede MNS (oon cc els 1 1 Ebel 61 Ug 2S se oak oa ee Cee a Bae 2 With two exceptions each species is represented by only a very few individuals. These exceptions are Onuphis (Nothria) hiatidentata Moore, and Hyalinecia tubicola (Miiller) Malmgren subspecies stricta Moore, which together make up more than half the bulk of the collec- tion. In connection with these two species the following ecological note is of interest. In his original description Moore comments on the “remarkable example of associative resemblance” which Onuphis (Nothria) hiatiden- tata exhibits, for it lives in close association with Hyalinecia tubicola Malmgren subspecies stricta Moore and superficially looks more like Hyalinecia than like Onuphis. I find that it appears to be developing the habit of occupying Hyalinecia tubes instead of making some of its own. A considerable number were found in what are evidently the normal form of tubes for this species of Onwphis. These tubes are oval in cross- section, have a groundwork of a thin whitish material that looks like wet tissue paper but is extremely tough, and have on the outside more or less foreign matter, the most abundant of which consists of much-worn IScientific Results of the Expedition to the Gulf of California in charge of C. H. Townsend, by the U. S. Fisheries Steamer, ‘Albatross,’ in 1911; Commander G. H. Burrage, U.8. N., Commanding. X. Published by permission of the U. S. Commissioner of Fisheries. 2 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [No. 74 cylindrical shells of foraminifera. Hyalinecia tubicola (Miller) Malmgren subspecies stricta Moore, like other species of this genus, builds a quill- like tube of very hard, tough chitin, slightly narrower at one end than at the other, open at both ends, and slightly curved. Rarely ccelenterates or barnacles are attached to the surface. Small tubes are translucent white, older ones are brown. As stated above, many of the Onuphis were in the tubes I have described as typical. Others had attached bits of Hyalinecia tubes to the outside of their own. In other cases the Onuphis was living inside a Hyalinecia tube of which one side had broken away and the break was repaired with characteristic Onuphis material. Still others were living in complete Hyalinecia tubes and there was no trace of the character- istic Onuphis tube-material. This occurred often so that I very soon learned that it is not safe to assume that the animal in a Hyalinecia tube is really Hyalinecia and not Onuphis. Obviously, Onuwphis may con- struct a tube of its own, but it frequently uses instead an empty one of Hyalinecia. Amphinomidze Chloeia flava (Pallas) A phrodita flava Pauuas, 1766, p. 97, Pl. vin, figs. 7-11. One specimen. Beach at Francisquito Bay, Lower California. Polynoidz Lagisca multisetosa Moore Lagisca multisetosa Moore, 1902, pp. 267-269, Pl. xiv, figs. 29-36; 1908, p. 335. Harmothoé multisetosa Moore, 1910, pp. 340 and 341. ; Through an error in locality labels, Moore first described this species as from Greenland, but he later corrected this and showed that it is really an Alaskan form. In the last of the above references, Moore reports on the study of a number of individuals and concludes that it is a highly variable species whose limits can be accurately ascertained only if a large number are available for study. The present collection contains a single specimen lacking the median tentacle and with only a fragment of an elytron left. In many respects it agrees with Moore’s description but it does not show cilia on the palps or on the peristomial cirri. The fragment of the elytron is thickly studded with conical spines, but not enough of it is left to enable me to determine whether the papille described by Moore are present. In view of the similarities between this and Moore’s description, I have tentatively located it here. Station D. 5682; 491 fathoms; bottom temperature F. 40.8°. | 1923] POLYCHATOUS ANNELIDS 3 Admetella hastigerens Chamberlin Admetella hastigerens CHAMBERLIN, 1919, pp. 64-67, PI. rx, figs. 6-8. Chamberlin described this species from one specimen collected off Panama in 581 fathoms. The Albatross collection contains five speci- mens, none of which is complete, but it is possible by a comparison of the five to get a fairly complete description. The largest was 100 mm. long and 8 mm. wide, thus a trifle larger and narrower than Chamberlin’s specimen. The individual which is in most respects the best preserved is 50 mm. long. The prostomium agrees in general with Chamberlin’s description, but the ‘lateral extensions’ are much more delicate than one would infer from that description, being extremely thin, scale-like structures, which, if the preservation has not been good, look very much like flakes of epi- dermis that have loosened from the surface. The median tentacle has a large ceratophore inserted into the dorsal middle line of the prostomium and with a diameter about one-fourth that of the latter. It has a length about equal to twice its diameter. The style is extremely delicate and slender, extending to about somite 9. It broadens near the end and then abruptly narrows to an acute apex. In the 50 mm. specimen the cera- tophores of the lateral tentacles are hidden under the scale mentioned above, while the styles are very short and slender, hardly longer than the scale. In a specimen of twice this size the styles are relatively longer, slightly swollen toward the end and with a sharp-pointed apex. There is a faint trace of pigment around the swollen portion. The palps are more slender than in Chamberlin’s specimen and have acute apices. The dorsal and ventral cirri of the first parapodium resemble the median tentacle in form and size and are larger than the palps. The ventral cirrus of the third parapodium is similar to these in form and size but that of the fourth is much shorter and hardly longer than the para- podium. Succeeding ventral cirri are progressively shorter and the eighth is a slender, sharp-pointed structure attached to the ventral face of the parapodium and not reaching the apex. The dorsal cirri are broken in nearly all specimens, but those that remain agree in all respects with those of the first two somites. The pharynx is protruded in a 100 mm. specimen. It is 12 mm. long, smooth throughout the greater part of its length, but with roughenings toward the end. At the apex, above and below, is a row of about fourteen soft papillee and three light-brown teeth. A single elytron, the first or second, remains on the 100 mm. animal. It is of sufficient size to cover, with its mate, the dorsal surface of the body a AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [No. 74 and probably did so during life. It is too poorly preserved for accurate deseription, but is apparently nearly circular in outline and of a very delicate texture. In the preserved condition the color is gray, deepening into black on the margin near the point of attachment of the elytrophore. From this point a colorless band runs diagonally to the margin of the elytron. In addition to the broad flat type of setze described by Chamberlin in Pl. rx, figs. 7 and 8, I find another type having long slender stalks, flattened and with serrated margins toward the ends. Station D.5676; 645 fathoms; bottom temp., F. 39°. Station D.5677; 735 fathoms; bottom temp., F. 38.6°. Station D.5685; 645 fathoms. Station D.5692; 1076 fathoms; bottom temp., F. 37.1°. Halosydna brevisetosa Kinberg Halosydna brevisetosa KINBERG, 1855, p. 385. Station D.5678; 13 fathoms. One specimen. Lepidasthenia curta Chamberlin Lepidasthenia curta CHAMBERLIN, 1919, pp. 61-63, PI. v, figs. 4-9. Station D.5683; 630 fathoms; bottom temp., F. 39.1°. Polynoé lordi (Baird) Lepidonotus lordi Batrp, 1863, p. 107. Pichilingue Bay, Lower California. Three specimens. Eunoé exoculata, new species Figures 1 to 4 Two specimens, one incomplete. The entire specimen is 30 mm. long and 7 mm. in greatest body width. The body narrows somewhat abruptly toward the anterior end, and much more gradually posteriorly. There are 38 somites in the body and 15 pairs of elytrophores. No elytron remains in the complete specimen, but the other retains one which is much wrinkled. The prostomium is a trifle longer than wide, its greatest width being about in the middle (Fig. 1). Posteriorly it narrows gradually to a base that is not more than one- third the greatest diameter. Anteriorly the narrowing is very slight, each half terminating in a peak which is placed well toward the outer margin and at a consider- able distance from the median tentacle. The median groove is prominent and the ceratophore of the median tentacle is inserted into it to about the middle of the pro- stomium. On either side of the prostomium are two spots which evidently are eyes, though they are not pigmented. Iam uncertain if this is normal or if the pigment may not have been removed in the preservation. The posterior pair of these lie on the dorso-lateral surface of the prostomium near its posterior end, the anterior on the ventro-lateral surface at the region of its greatest width, and are not visible in a dorsal view of the head region. ~ 1923] POLYCHATOUS ANNELIDS 5 The ceratophore of the median tentacle is about one-third as wide as the pro- stomium, and the length of its free portion is about equal to its width. The style is absent in both specimens. The ceratophores of the lateral tentacles arise at some distance from the peaks, are shorter than that of the median tentacle, and about one- third its diameter. The style is slender and about three times as long as the cerato- phore (foreshortened in the drawing). Only one palp remains. This is slender and about four times as long as the prostomium. Most of the dorsal cirri are lost but the larger of the two specimens retains a few at the posterior end. These are slender and longer than the transverse diameter of the body. They do not have any swelling at the ends. : A parapodium from near the middle of the body (Fig. 2) has neuropodium and notopodium of approximately equal length, each with an acute apex into which an acicula extends. Another acicula reaches the surface at the middle of the parapodium. The acicule are dark brown at the bases but have slender colorless apices. The dorsal cirrus has a heavy ceratophore and a slender style, the ventral cirrus is more slender ee eee aa tae A FEIT arog gil ~, ee 4! Figs. 1 to 4. Bunoé exoculata, new species. Fig. 1, prostomium X 10; 2, middle parapodium X 7; 3, seta X 45: 4, seta X 45. Figs. 5 to 8. Maldane cristata, new species. | 2 at ee 5, anterior end, dorsal view X 5; 6, anterior end lateral view X 5; 7, anal plate X 5; 8, uncinus 6 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [No. 74: than the dorsal and does not reach the apex of the parapodium. Except for variations in length, the notopodial set are all alike, with moderately acute apices and poorly : defined denticulations along one face (Fig. 3). The neuropodial sete (Fig. 4) are all longer than the notopodial and are all alike in form, except that some near the dorsal face of the tuft are much longer than the others. Each suddenly widens toward the end and then gradually narrows, ending in a large terminal and a smaller subter- minal tooth. Along the widened region are rows of toothed plates which appear most clearly in profile but apparently extend entirely around the seta. No elytra are retained on the type. The paratype has one very much shriveled elytron, with a circular outline but with no fimbriations or surface markings. Station D.5698; 475 fathoms; bottom temp., F. 39.9°. Type in The American Museum of Natural History. Sigalionidze Sthenolepis areolata (McIntosh) Leanira areolata McIntosu, 1885, p. 151, Pl. xxt, fig. 3; Pl. xxv, figs. 8, 9; Pl. xim,a fig. 1. Sthenolepis areolata CHAMBERLIN, 1919, p. 90. Station D.5695; 534 fathoms; bottom temp., F. 38.9°. Aphroditide Aphrodita defendens Chamberlin A phrodita defendens CHAMBERLIN, 1919, pp. 80-81. Station D.5699; 659 fathoms; bottom temp., F. 37.9°. Station D.5676; 645 fathoms; bottom temp., F. 39.0°. Letmonice pellucida Moore Lextmonice {‘ Lxtmatonice’’| pellucida Moore, 1903, p. 420, Pl. xxi, figs. 19, 20. Two specimens, which I have assigned to this species because of their general resemblance to Moore’s description. Lack of agreement is shown in the subapical barbs of the arrow-pointed sete, which are sym- metrical instead of unequal in number on different sides of the shaft, and I could find no papilla on the anterior ventral surface. Station D.5695; 534 fathoms; bottom temp., F. 38.9°. Nephthydidz Nephthys ectopa Chamberlin Nephthys [““Nepthys’’] ectopa CHAMBERLIN, 1919, pp. 94-97, Pl. xv, figs. 1-7. Probably of this species, but too poorly preserved to allow of posi- tive identification. Station D.5698; 475 fathoms, bottom temp., F. 39.9°. 1923] POLYCHATOUS ANNELIDS fi Nereidz Nereis mediator Chamberlin Nereis mediator CHAMBERLIN, 1919a, page 11. One specimen. Labeled as from Lower California. Platynereis integer Treadwell Nereis (Platynereis) integer TREADWELL, 1920, p. 595, figs. 1-4. One specimen. Labeled as from Lower California. Nereis kobiensis McIntosh Nereis (Platynereis) kobiensis McInvosu, 1885, pp. 210-212, Pl. xxxrv, figs. 3, 4, 5, 6; Pl. xvia, figs. 2, 3, 4. One specimen. Labeled as from Lower California. Leodicidze Leodice segregata Chamberlin Leodice segregata CHAMBERLIN, 1919, p. 237-240, Pl. xiv, figs. 1-5. Station D.5695; 534 fathoms; bottom temp., F. 38.9°. Station D.5682; 491 fathoms; bottom temp., F. 40.8°. Onuphis litabranchia Chamberlin Onuphis litabranchia CHAMBERLIN, 1919, pp. 274-279, Pl. u, fig. 7; Pl. ut, figs. 1-10; Pl. x1, fig. 1. Chamberlin described the ceratophores as smooth. In the single incomplete specimen of this collection these are ringed. Each of the ‘median and the outer paired ceratophores has seven rings, while each of the inner paired ones has twelve or thirteen. The gill structure agrees more closely with Chamberlin’s paratype than with his type, for many are branched. The specimen is a female with eggs. Station D.5673; 1090 fathoms. Onuphis lepta Chamberlin Onuphis lepta CHAMBERLIN, 1919, pp. 290-295, PI. xxv, figs. 1-7; Pl. xiv, figs. 3-12. A small and evidently immature specimen living in a mud tube at- tached to the outer wall of a Hyalinecia tube was collected at Station D.5691. At Station D.5684 were collected a considerable number of these tubes, most of which were empty but one contained the anterior end of an individual which agrees in all respects with Chamberlin’s description. Station D.5684; 1760 fathoms. 8 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [No. 74 Station D.5691; 868 fathoms; bottom temp., F. 37.2°. Station D.5692; 1076 fathoms; bottom temp., F. 37.1°. Onuphis vexillaria Moore Onuphis vexillaria Moore, 1911, pp. 266-269, Pl. xvn, figs. 69-76. These agree with Moore’s description in every respect except that the frontal tentacles are closer together and in no somite are there more than four gill filaments. Four specimens. Station D.5690; 1101 fathoms; bottom temp., F. 38.1°. Onuphis iridescens (Johnson) Northia iridescens JOHANSON, 1901, p. 408, Pl. vit, figs. 86, 87; Pl. rx, figs. 88-92. Nothria iridescens Moore, 1911, p. 255. Station D.5698; 475 fathoms, bottom temp., F. 39.9°. Onuphis hiatidentata (Moore) Nothria hiatidentata Moore, 1911, pp. 259-262, Pls. xvi and xvu, figs. 41-50. In his description of this species Moore comments on the re- semblance which it bears to Hyalinecia tubicola, with which it is com- monly associated. I have already mentioned the relations of the two in the matter of tube construction. See above, p. 2. Station D.5673; 1090 fathoms. Station D.5686; 930 fathoms; bottom temp., F. 37.3°. Station D.5689; 879 fathoms. Station D.5692; 1076 fathoms; bottom temp., F. 37.1°. Station D.5691; 868 fathoms; bottom temp., F. 37.2°. Station D.5690; 1101 fathoms; bottom temp., F. 38.1°. Station D.5697; 485 fathoms; bottom temp., F. 39.8°. Hyalinecia tubicola (Miiller) Malmgren subspecies stricta Moore Hyalinecia tubicola (Miller) MALMGREN subspecies stricta Moore, 1911, p. 280, Pl. xvin, figs. 96, 97. Station D.5673; 1090 fathoms. Station D.5683; 630 fathoms; bottom temp., F. 39.1°. Station D.5686; 930 fathoms; bottom temp., F. 37.3°. Station D.5687; 480 fathoms; bottom temp., F. 41.1°. Station D.5690; 1101 fathoms; bottom temp., F. 38.1°. Station D.5691; 868 fathoms; bottom temp., F. 37.2°. Station D.5692; 1076 fathoms; bottom temp., F. 37.1°. ux’ sim hs 4 . } : 4 . 4 : ‘ 1923] POLYCHATOUS ANNELIDS 9 Lumbrinereis bifilaris Hhlers Lumbriconereis bifilaris Enters, 1901, pp. 139-144, Pl. xvi, figs. 1-10. Lumbrinereis bifilaris Moorg, 1911, pp. 291-294, Pl. xx, figs. 135-142. Station D.5694; 640 fathoms. Cirratulide A fragment of a cirratulid of indeterminable species was collected at Station D.5694; 640 fathoms. Maldanidz Maldane similis Moore Maldane similis Moorn, 1906, pp. 283-236, Pl. x1, figs. 26-30. The only deviation from Moore’s description which these show is that on the lateral margins of the cephalic plate the lobes are more definitely toothed. Station D.5683; 630 fathoms; bottom temp., F. 39.1°. Maldane cristata, new species Figures 5 to 8 Distinguished by the prominence of the cephalic crest and the smooth margins of the cephalic and anal plates. The type is 130 mm. long and has a cephalic width of 2.5mm. It is entire, though the median region is very poorly preserved. The prostomium makes an angle of about 45° with the body axis (Figs. 5 and 6). The cephalic plate is roughly triangular in outline, and is surrounded by a definite raised margin, which, possibly as a result of the preservation, is thrown into folds but shows no trace of lobings or denticulations. On either side at the postero-lateral angle is a notch separating the margin into a basal and two lateral lobes. The basal lobe is the more prominent and is bent caudad near its middle. The lateral lobes decrease in height anteriorly and are separated by a constriction from the hemi- spherical palpode. The crest is narrow, elevated and prominent, extending from the posterior margin of the cephalic plate into the base of the palpode (Fig. 6). Numerous fine grooves extend outward from the side of the ridge at an angle of 45 degrees, but these may be due to shrinkage after preservation. The mouth is a narrow elongated slit with no prominent lips. The first two setigerous somites have thick body-walls; on succeeding somites the dorsal wall becomes thinner while the ventral wall remains thick; on the seventh setigerous somite only a small portion of the ventral wall is thick, while in the follow- ing somites the thickening is restricted to the line of insertion of the seta. In the type there is not much difference between the preanal somites and those in the middle of the body, but in another specimen the five somites in front of the pygidium are short and thick-walled, while those through the middle of the body are long and thin- walled. These variations are doubtless due to differences in the degree of contraction. The anal plate is circular in outline (Fig. 7). On either side is a rounded notch, whose ventral margin lies at the equator of the circle, thus dividing the circle into a dorsal and ventral portion, the ventral being the larger. The margin of the dorsal part is smooth, that of the ventral part is six- to eight-lobed. The anus is situated 10 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [No. 74 dorsally near the margin of the plate, and has a dorsal and ventral lip, the latter the larger and with radiating lines. Uncini (Fig. 8) appear on the second setigerous somite, only slender sete appear- ing on the first. The rows of uncini are at first short but soon lengthen. Each uncinus has a long, gently curved shaft, of which I have figured only the terminal portion. At the apex is a single tooth with a much larger one ventral to it. Dorsal to the apical tooth are a series of fine denticulations, hardly large enough to be called teeth, which extend laterally around the end of the uncinus. Ventral to the larger tooth are a series of fine hair-like processes. In the tuft dorsal to the uncinus-row are two kinds of sete. One has rather heavy brown-colored bases, which are bilimbate just outside the body wall but distally to this narrow into an extremely long delicate white apical portion with two marginal rows of minute denticulations. The second kind are smaller and not so dark in color as the first; they widen slightly toward the end and narrow abruptly asymmetrically to form a long, slender, needle-like apex which forms an angle with the main axis of the seta. Station D.5698; 475 fathoms; bottom temp., F. 39.9°. Terebellide Terebella robusta (Johnson) Amphitrite robusta JOHNSON, 1901, pp. 425-426, Pl. xvi, figs. 164-168. Station D.5698; 475 fathoms; bottom temp., F. 39.9°. One specimen. Thelepus crispus Johnson Thelepus crispus JOHNSON, 1901, p. 428, Pl. xvu, figs. 175-178b. One imperfectly preserved and evidently immature individual. In form of gills, setze, and uncini this agrees with Johnson’s description, but it does not show the eye spots which Moore describes in the young individuals. Station D.5693; 451 fathoms. 1923] POLYCHAZTOUS ANNELIDS 11 BIBLIOGRAPHY Batrp, W. 1863. ‘Descriptions of Several New Species of Worms Belonging to the Annelida Errantia and Sedentaria or Tubicola of Milne-Edwards.’ Proc. Zoél. Soc. of London, pp. 106-110. CHAMBERLIN, R. V. 1919. ‘The Annelida Polycheta.’ Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XLVIII, pp. 1-514. Pls. r-txxx. (Reports on U. S. F. C. 8. ‘Alba- tross’ Expeditions to West Coasts Mexico, Central and South America, Galapagos Islands, 1891, No. XX XVIII; Tropical-Pacific, 1899-1900, No. XX; Eastern Tropical Pacific, 1904-1905, No. XX XI.) 1919a. ‘New Polychztous Annelids from Laguna Beach, California.’ Pom- ona College Journal of Entomology and Zodélogy, XI, No. 1, pp. 1-23. Enters, E. 1901. ‘Die Polychaeten des magellischen und chilischen Strandes.’ Festsch. K. Gesell. Wissensch. G6ttingen, Math. Phys. K1., pp. 1-232, Pls, 1I-Xxv. Jounson, H. P. 1901. ‘The Polycheta of the Puget Sound Region.’ Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., X XIX, No. 18, pp. 381-437, Pls. 1—xrx. Kinser, J.G.H. 1855. ‘Nya sligten och arter af Annelider.’ Ofversigt K. Vetens- kaps Akad. Forh. Bd. 12. MclInrosu, W.C. 1885. ‘Report on the Annelida.’ Scientific Results of the ‘Chal- lenger’ Expedition, XII, pp. xxxvi+554, Pls. 1-Lv, 1a—xxx1xa. Moors, J.P. 1902. ‘Descriptions of Some New Polynoide with a List of other Poly- cheta from North Greenland Waters.’ Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila- delphia, LIV, pp. 258-278, Pl. xu and xiv. 1903. ‘Polychxta from the Coastal Slope of Japan and from Kamchatka.’ Idem, LV, pp. 401—490, Pls. xx1m—xxviu, 97 figs. 1906. ‘Additional New Species of Polycheta from the North Pacific.’ Idem, LVIII, pp. 217-260, Pls. x—x1r. 1908. ‘Some Polychztous Annelids of the Northern Pacific Coast of North America.’ Idem, LX, pp. 321-364. 1909. ‘Polychztous Annelids from Monterey Bay, and San Diego, Cali- fornia.’ Idem, LXI, pp. 235-295, Pls. vi—rx. k 1910. ‘The Polychzetous Annelids Dredged by the U. 8. Ship ‘ Albatross’ off the Coast of Southern California in 1904: IT. Polynoidz, Aphroditi- dz and Segaleonide.’ Idem, LXII, pp. 328-402, Pls. xxvii—-xxxuI. 1911. ‘The Polychzetous Annelids Dredged by the U. S. Ship ‘ Albatross’ off the Coast of Southern California in 1904: III. Euphrosynide to Goniadide.’ Idem, LXIII, pp. 234-318, Pls. xv—xx1. Pauuas, P.S. 1766. ‘Miscellanea Zoologica,’ 224 pp., 14 plates. TREADWELL, A. L. 1920. ‘Polychztous Annelids Collected by the U. 8S. Fisheries Steamer ‘ Albatross’ in the Waters adjacent to the Philippine Islands in 1907-1910.’ Contributions to the Biology of the Philippine Archi- pelago and Adjacent Regions. U.S. National Museum, Bulletin 100, Volume I, part 8, pp. 589-602 with text figures. AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Published by Number 81 Tue AMERICAN Musrum or Naturau History June 22, 1923 . New York City 59.53,4P(72.2) A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF PARASITIC COPEPOD FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA! By CHARLES BRANCH WILSON In 1912 Gravier published as one of the scientific documents of the second French Antarctic Expedition under Dr. Jean Charcot a paper entitled ‘Crustacés parasites d’annélides polychétes.” In addition to presenting new genera and species he gave a general discussion of many forms previously described belonging to that heterogeneous group known as the Ascidicolide. He noted that this name is very poorly suited to the parasites that compose the group, since it includes a large number whose hosts are not ascidians, and he was equally opposed to the name Annelidicolidse proposed by some authors for such copepods as are found parasitic upon annelids. He stated very clearly that our present knowl- edge of these annelid parasites is insufficient to enable us to group them at all rationally. The males of many of them have never been seen and we know nothing of the development stages of most of them, We may make a general distinction between those that live within the digestive tube of their host and those that live upon the outside of the host’s body. But this difference in habitat ought not to separate related genera, and Gravier located his new genus, Bactropus, an intestinal para- site, in the same family with genera that live upon the outside of the annelid’s body. This family was first proposed by Giesbrecht in 1895, Mittheilungen Zool. Station Neapel, XII, p. 225. After describing Seridiwm rugosum, a new annelid parasite, he remarked that several of these copepods agreed in having an elongated body and rather distinct segmentation. For this reason he grouped them into a family which he named Clausiidse from Clausia, the oldest of them. He included in the family Clausia Claparéde, 1863; Donusa Nordmann, 1864; Rhodinicola Levinsen, 1878; and Seridium Giesbrecht, 1895. He mentioned also Sabellacheres M. Sars, 1861, but said it had never been described with enough detail to be certain of its systematic position. This statement was undoubtedly poenete Results of the Expedition to the Gulf of California in charge of C. H. Townsend, by the U. S. Fisheries Steamer ‘Albatross,’ in 1911; Commander G. H. Burrage, U.S. N., command- ing. xr Published by permission of the U.S. Commissioner of Fisheries. **Deuxiéme expédition antarctique francaise (1908-1910),’ 2 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [No. 81 true but at least Sars’s description was sufficient to show that his genus could not be grouped with the others above named. The genus about to be described seems also to belong here and yet differs enough from the other genera to make its establishment valid. The number and structure of the swimming legs and the number of joints composing the first antennz vary considerably in the genera of this family, but in none of them do we find the combination which exists here of six-jointed antennz with only three pairs of swimming legs. PHERMA,! new genus Body spindle-shaped with segmentation distinctly indicated by transverse grooves or lateral invaginations. Cephalon fused with the first thorax segment, but with a distinct groove between the two on the dorsal surface. Fourth thoracic seg- ment strongly narrowed posteriorly; genital segment with projecting convex sides; abdomen made up of a single segment. Egg strings slender, eggs multiseriate and very numerous. ‘Two pairs of filiform antenn; one pair of stout, uncinate maxilli- peds; three pairs of swimming legs, each biramose, the exopod 2-jointed, the endopod 1-jointed, : Type of the genus Pherma curticaudatum, new species. Monotypic. Pherma curticaudatum,?” new species Figures 1 to 9 HABITAT AND RECORD OF SPECIMENS.—Three adult females, one of which bore egg strings, were taken from the parapodia of an unnamed annelid dredged from a depth of 645 fathoms by the Bureau of Fisheries steamer ‘ Albatross’ off the coast of Lower California in April, 1911. These specimens are deposited in the Department of Lower Invertebrates of The American Museum of Natural History (Cat. No. 4617), where they become the types of the new genus and species. SpEcIFIC CHARACTERS OF THE FEMALE.—In addition to what has been given under the genus diagnosis we may append the following. General body form ecylin- drical, considerably swollen, widest across the third thoracic segment. Body seg- mentation somewhat indistinct but well indicated by lateral invaginations. Head fused with the first thoracic segment, but with the separation of the two marked by a dorsal groove. Head semielliptical and regularly rounded, one-half narrower than the first thoracic segment. Antenne attached to the frontal margin on the dorsal sur- face and turned backward along the lateral margins. First thoracic segment barrel- shaped, one-half longer than the head; second and third segments increasing in length and width; fourth segment longer than the third but not as wide, considerably narrowed posteriorly. Fifth segment only one-third the width and one-seventh the length of the fourth segment, forming a slender waist in front of the genital segment. The latter one-third wider than the fifth segment with strongly convex sides, to the center of which are attached the egg strings. Abdomen made up of a single short lgepua, ‘‘a burden.”’ . 2Curticaudatum, “short tail.’’ Fig. 1. Dorsal view of female. Fig. 2 Side view of another specimen without egg strings. Fig. 3. First antenna. Fig. 4. Second antenna. Fig. 5. Maxilliped. Figs. 6 to 8. First, second, and third swimming legs. Fig. 9. Ventral view of pos- terior body enlarged, showing abdomen and anal laminz. 4 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [No. 81 segment, one-third the width of the genital segment. Anal laminz elongate-lanceo- late, acuminate at the tips and destitute of sete. Egg strings cylindrical, slightly curved like parenthesis marks, tapered at both ends and about as long as the entire body. Eggs minute, irregularly arranged in about 25 rows, 75 to 80 eggs in each row. This is an unusually large number of eggs and indicates that the dangers encountered during development by this species are also unusually severe. First antennz 6-jointed, filiform and but slightly tapered; the relative lengths of the six Joints may be expressed by the numbers 7, 33, 12, 8, 8, 12. The basal joint has a short seta near the center of its anterior margin, and the terminal joint has a tuft of sete at the tip and several on its posterior margin. The second antenne are imme- diately behind the first pair and are 4-jointed, the basal joint the shortest, the second joint as long as the third and fourth together. The third joint carries a small seta on its anterior margin at the distal corner; the terminal joint is tipped with a tuft of long sete. The form of the mandibles and maxill# could not be definitely ascer- tained from any of the three specimens. The maxillipeds are situated some distance behind the mouth and their basal joints are so large that they cover much of the ventral surface of the head. Each is composed of this basal joint and a curved terminal claw; they are evidently the organs of prehension. Color (preserved mate- rial), a uniform yellowish-brown without markings; egg strings light orange- yellow. Length, 4.40 mm. Width of third thoracic segment, 1.25 mm. Egg strings, 4.35 mm. long, 0.50 mm. wide. The points of particular interest about this new parasite are the very considerable depth at which it was found and the exceptionally large number of eggs in its egg strings. The way in which the parasite and host come together would be of great interest, and this in connection with the development stages of the copepod will form one of the most instructive problems for future development. *- - S$erentiric Resutts OF THE EXPEDITION TO THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA IN CHarGe oF C. H.-TOWNSEND, BY THE U.S. FisHEeRIns STHAM- ’~ sure ‘ALBATROSS’ IN 1911. CommanpDeER G; H. Burrage, U.S. N., COMMANDING, Published by Permission of the U.S. Commissioner of Fisheries : XII 22S. “Echinoderms From Lower California, with Descriptions hates of New Species: Supplementary Report “By Huserr Lyman CLARK Pe Se ee | BULLETIN a ses OF _ THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Vou XLVI, Agr. VI, pp. 147-163 - New York Issued October 5, 1928 a . Notice of a New Sponge from Bannade and of Some Other Ree aoe e = - Polychestous Annelids from the Dry Tortugas, Florida, os _ A New. Species of. Trematode (Cladorchis gigas). Parasitic ‘in Elephants BULLETIN AND MEMOIRS — : vo “OF pee SS . The American ‘Museum of Natural 1 History me _FRAnk E. Lom, Editor & = The following are the more cee papers on hawaas BRATES. Orders should be addressed, Library, The American M of Natural History, 7 7th St. and Conta: Park ees New Yo rk ~~ Notice of Two ae Laree L Snbatee; in wth Collection ae The eee Mu- . seum of Natural History. By he P- Whitfield, 1899, Bulletin, ‘XH, Art. 15, pp. 191-194, Pl. rx. oe Bahamas, By Ry P. Whitfield, 1901, Bulletin, HAN, art 4,3 PP: 41-50, Pisces ; ~ Notice of a Remarkable Ease ‘of. Combination Retires os Different nee Genera. of Living Corals. By R. P. Whitfield, 1901, pales ay, Art. 17, pp.221, 222, Pls. xxxI, XxxiI.. oe Some Observations. of Corals from the ‘Bahamas, See Desieintion ae “New Species: _By R. P. Whitfield, 1901, Bulletin, XIV, Art 28, pp. - 923, 224, Pls. XXXII, XXXIV. ras Catalogue of the Binney and . Bland Collection of the “Terrestrial ‘Air aut SS American Museum of Natural History, with iemaaraases ‘6 Types. and Figured nee and ee Notes. = coe L. = Bulletin, XIX, Art. 18, pp. 495-503, Pls, XLIV-XLVI. oe Myriopoda from: Porto Rico. and. Culebra. By. Filippo & Silvests, 908 Bulletin, XXIV, Art: 28, pp. 563=578, i text figures. as ‘3 wes aplosyllis cenhalits as an : Ectoparasite. -By Aaron L. Treadwell ‘1909, Bulletin, XXVI, Art. 26, pp. 359-360, 2 text figures. pee : Treadwell, 1911, Bulletin, XXX, Art. 1, pp. 1-12, 29 text figures. ~ 2 ‘Echinoderms from Lower. ‘California with ieee nines of ae Sapa ap 236, Pis. XLIV-XLVI ePie A New Slug from the Hitoalaya 1 AMouutanas: ‘By 7: D- A: Cockerell, 1913, Bulletin, XXXII, Art. 41, pp. 617-619, 7 text figures, - ea aks By G. A. MacCallum, 1917, Bulletin, XXXVIL, Att. 36; PP. 1 + -Pls. evii-cx, 1 text figure. - ae On the Anatomy of Ozobranchus. branchiatus one “By w. G ‘Ma - Callum and G. A. sopra vitae Pole, Ree Ast. 2, Pp. 395-408, Pls. EES es 59.39 (72.2) Article VI—ECHINODERMS FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES: SUPPLEMEN- TARY REPORT! By Husert LyMAn CLARK Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, Cambridge, Massachusetts When the collection of echinoderms made by the ‘Albatross’ Expedition to Lower California in the spring of 1911 was sent to me about ten years ago, by some mistake a considerable amount of material was not shipped. This was discovered and sent to me in the late fall of 1921 and, as it contains species not in the original lot, it seems desirable to publish this supplementary report.? This second collection contains 462 specimens of 58 species, and no fewer than ten of these species were not represented in the first collection. Moreover, two of the ten additional species are new to science, though unfortunately each is represented by only a single broken specimen. The entire collection of echinoderms made by the ‘Albatross’ on her Lower California cruise, therefore, consisted of 2343 specimens of 117 species, of which nine were undescribed. There were 41 kinds of sea- stars, 34 of brittle-stars, 21 of echini and 20 holothurians, and a single specimen, in the supplementary collection, represents the comatulids or feather-stars. The presence of this comatulid, which is of an undescribed species, is perhaps the most interesting feature of the additional material. More than a third of this second collection is from shore stations, of which San Francisquito Bay is easily the most important, 98 specimens of 10 species coming from there, two of these not being in the first collec- tion. It is interesting to note that the remarkable new brittle-star, described beyond, was taken at Station 5694, which was noted in my first report as being the station where the most species were taken. Here, at a depth of 640 fms., no fewer than 19 species were collected. The new comatulid is from Station 5692, which is off Point San Tomas, west coast of Lower California, a region noted in my earlier report for the large number of species found there. I desire to express here my thanks to Mr. Roy W. Miner, of The American Museum of Natural History, for courtesies in connection with the preparation of the present report. Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Gulf of California in charge of Dr. C. H. Townsend, by the U.S. Fisheries Steamship ‘ Albatross’ in 1911; Commander G. H. Burrage, U. 8. N., Commanding. XII. Published by permission of the U. S. Commissioner of Fisheries. *The present report is supplementary to ‘Echinoderms from Lower California, with descriptions Leet species.’ By Hubert Lyman Clark, 1913, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXXII, pp. 185- , Pls. XLIV-XLVI. 147 148 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. XLVIII CRINOIDEA Trichometra europacifica, new species Centro-dorsal relatively large, conical, covered by the cirrus sockets, which are arranged in about three horizontal series, no vertical series or radial groups being indicated. Cirri about 20 in number, 4 or 5 mm. long, with 15 or 16 segments. The cirri at the apex of the centro-dorsal are noticeably smaller than those in the outer or marginal series. Basal segment almost discoidal, its length not one-half its thickness; second segment not quite so long as wide; third, distinctly longer than its distal diameter, which is greater than the proximal; fourth segment the longest of all, twice as long as the distal diameter, which is much greater than the proximal; the segment is nearly cylindrical where its diameter is least, proximal to the middle; the distal margin is flaring, especially on the dorsal side, where it projects consider- ably. Fifth segment very similar to fourth, but sixth and seventh are shorter and stouter. Succeeding segments each a trifle shorter and smaller than its predecessor, and the least diameter is at the proximal margin more and more clearly. But even the fifteenth and sixteenth segments are longer than their distal diameter. Sixteenth segment with a conspicuous opposing spine which is not quite so long as the diameter of the segment. Terminal claw moderately slender, slightly curved, about equal to the last segment in length. Radials almost bowl-shaped, the width nearly three times the length in the median line, which is somewhat less than the lateral margins, as the distal margin is distinctly concave. The first costals are similar to the radials but are lower, the width being fully three times the length. Costal axillaries rhombic, about as long as broad, the margins slightly concave, the angles blunt and rounded; the anterior margins are swollen, flaring and a little roughened. Surface of all the I Br series otherwise quite smooth. Costals and axillaries scarcely in contact, but first brachials externally appressed; hence there is a distinct pit-like depression between the I Br series of adjoining radii. Ten arms, all broken distally so the length can only be estimated; probably about 25 mm. long. First brachial short, its outer edge about twice as long as inner, its distal margin only a little concave and not at all flaring, and nearly smooth; second brachial irregularly pentagonal, about as long as thick; third and fourth brachials, united by syzygy, together longer than the second and therefore distinctly longer than broad; following brachials about as long as broad, except syzygial pairs, which dis- tally probably occur at intervals of two bifascial articulations. Beyond the third brachial, the distal margin of each pinnule-bearing segment projects as a spiny knob, characteristic of the genus, but these knobs are not conspicuous.-and are best seen in a perfectly profile view of a dried arm; when thus viewed the dorsal median line of each brachial is distinctly concave. Pinnules all broken and defective, but pow segments are left to show that all were very slender and distally filiform. In the first pinnule the basal joint is about as long as wide, the second is longer, the third still longer and the fourth is fully twice as long as thick. The distal segments on all the pinnules are extremely slender at middle, but conspicuously swollen at the joints. Genital glands are present on some of the basal pinnules. Color very pale brown dorsally, the cirri nearly white; oral surface dark brown. Typre.—Cat. No. —, U.S. Nat. Mus., from Station 5692. 1923] Clark, Echinoderms from Lower California 149 Station 5692. Off Pt. San Tomas, west coast of Lower California, 1076 fms. Bottom temp. 37.1°. One specimen. Owing to the locality and the fact that there was only a single small broken specimen, I was inclined to list this comatulid as Thawmatometra parvula (Hartlaub), in spite of the obviously different cirri, but Mr. Austin H. Clark suggested to me that the arms were evidently the arms of a Trichometra and the combination of characters shown by the cirri, pinnules, and arms clearly indicated an undescribed species. Oddly enough, the species most closely resembling this new one from the eastern Pacific is the little Trichometra minutissima A. H. Clark, from off the Brazilian coast in 818 fms. But the Atlantic species has a very different centro-dorsal, far more numerous cirri, much rougher costals and somewhat more slender pinnules. For convenience in comparing the two species, I have modeled my description of europacifica after the pattern of the original description of minutissima (1908, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXIV, p. 233). ASTEROIDEA Astropecten erinaceus Gray Astropecten erinaceus Gray, 1840, Mag. Nat. Hist., (new series), VI, p. 182. The present specimens are large, R=80 and 125 mm., and are conspicuously spiny. The color is the usual yellow-brown of dry sea- stars. In the larger specimen, r and br each=28 mm. and hence R= 4.5 r. Conception Bay, east coast of Lower California. Two specimens. Thrissacanthias penicillatus (Fisher) Persephonaster penicillatus FisHErR, 1905, Bull. U. 8. Bur. Fish., XXIV, p. 297. Thrissacanthias penicillatus Fisher, 1910, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8) V, p. 171. These specimens are large adults, ranging from R=100 mm. to R=225 mm., and call for no special comment. They are merely addi- tional specimens from four stations previously recorded, namely Sta- tions 5694, 5697, 5698, and 5699. Thirteen specimens. Pectinaster agassizii (Ludwig) Cheiraster agassizii Lupwie, 1905, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXXII, p. 1. Pectinaster agassizii Lupwie, 1910, Sitz. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., XXIII, p. 449. These specimens range in length of R from 15 to 55 mm. They are in part from Stations 5689 and 5692, whence they were previously 150 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. XLVIII recorded, but there are 18 specimens from Station 5696. Off San Luis Obispo County, California, 440 fms. Bottom temp., 39.9°. Forty-four specimens. Nearchaster aciculosus (Fisher) Acantharchaster aciculosus FisHEr, 1910, Zool. Anz., X XV, p. 550. Nearchaster aciculosus F1sHER, 1911, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8) VII, p. 92. These are simply five additional adult specimens from Station 5694. The length of R ranges from 90 to 150 mm. Pseudarchaster pusillus Fisher Pseudarchaster pusillus FIsHEr, 1905, Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish., XXIV, p. 304. This is merely additional material from Station 5675. There are 18 specimens with R= 28 to 33 mm. Ceramaster leptoceramus (Fisher) Tosia leptocerama FisHER, 1905, Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish., XXIV, p. 306. Ceramaster leptoceramus FISHER, 1911, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., No. 76, p. 210. There are two additional specimens from Station 5675 with R=35 to 40 mm. They seem to me more like japonicus than leptoceramus, except for the presence of abactinal radial secondary plates. Oreaster occidentalis Verrill Oreaster occidentalis VERRILL, 1867, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Sci., I, p. 278. The present large series shows great diversity in the number, distribution, and acuteness of the abactinal spines and the tubercles. The five radial spines near margin of disk are usually, but not always, conspicuous. A perfectly preserved specimen, which seems to have re- tained the living form very well, has R=80 mm., r=35 mm., br=25 mm. and vertical diameter of disk=45 mm. Hence R=2.3r, 3br, and only 1.3 v.d. None of the specimens give any clue as to the color in life. The largest specimens have R= 105 mm. San Francisquito Bay, east coast of Lower California. Carman Island, east coast of Lower California. Thirty-two specimens. Amphiaster insignis Verrill Amphiaster insignis VERRILL, 1868, Téans. Connecticut Acad. Sci., I, p. 373. There is a single small specimen, with R= only 30 mm., from Con- ception Bay, east coast of Lower California. aM * a 1923] Clark, Echinoderms from Lower California 151 Phataria unifascialis (Gray) Linckia (Phataria) unifascialis Gray, 1840, Mag. Nat. Hist., (new series), VI, p. 285. Phataria unifascialis, SuADEN, 1889, ‘Rep. Voy. ‘Challenger,’ Zodl.,’ XXX, p. 786. These dried specimens from two additional localities have R=55 to 80 mm. Espiritu Santo Island, east coast of Lower California. San Francisquito Bay, east coast of Lower California. Twelve specimens. Pharia pyramidata (Gray) Ophidiaster (Pharia) pyramidatus Gray, 1840, Mag. Nat. Hist., (new series), VI, p. 284. Pharia pyramidata SLADEN, 1889, ‘Rep. Voy. ‘Challenger,’ Zodl.,’ XXX, p. 784. This well-known and characteristic ‘‘West coast”? species was not represented in the first collection, but now there are some small speci- mens at hand, with R=67 to 74 mm. San Francisquito Bay, east coast of Lower California. Three specimens. Solaster borealis (Fisher) Crossaster borealis FISHER, 1906, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., VIII, p. 134. Solaster borealis FisHer, 1911, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 76, p. 320. There is an additional specimen from Station 5694, with 11 rays, R= 30 mm., and another from Station 5696, with 11 rays, R=50 mm. Heterozonias alternatus (Fisher) Crossaster alternatus FISHER, 1906, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., VIII, p. 131. Heterozonias alternatus FisHEr, 1910, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8) V, p. 172. Considerable additional material of this species is at hand from Stations 5694, 5697, and 5698. They show a good range in size, as R= 23 to 110 mm. One specimen has eleven rays; all the others ten. Fourteen specimens. Lophaster furcilliger Fisher Lophaster furcilliger FisHmr, 1905, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., XXIV, p. 312. There are ten more specimens of this sea-star from Station 5694, with R ranging from 27 to 60 mm. Peribolaster biserialis Fisher Peribolaster biserialis FisHer, 1905, Bull. U. 8. Bur. Fish., XXIV, p. 313. There is another specimen from Station 5696, and it is the largest of those taken, as R= 20 mm. 152 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. XLVIIL Hymenaster perissonotus Fisher Hymenaster perissonotus FisHER, 1910, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8) V, p. 170. Two specimens from Station 5691 are much larger than those of the first collection, as R=about 60 mm. Zoroaster evermanni fisher Zoroaster evermanni FIsHER, 1905, Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish., XXIV, p. 317. There are three specimens from Station 5699 with R=135 to 152 mm. One has the big pedicellariz characteristic of Fisher’s subspecies mordazx, but these are lacking in the other two. It is worth noting that the locality is on the border line, both geographically and bathymetrically, of the range of the subspecies. Zoroaster ophiurus Fisher Zoroaster ophiurus FisHER, 1905, Bull. U. 8. Bur. Fish., XXIV, p. 315. There are three additional specimens of this species from Station 5689, with R=125 to 140 mm. Myxoderma platyacanthum (H. L. Clark) Zoroaster platyacanthus H. L. CuarK, 1913, Bull. American Mus. Nat. Hist., XXXII, p. 199. Myxoderma platyacanthum FisuEr, 1919, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9) III, p. 393. There are three additional specimens in the present collection, with R=60 to 70 mm. They bear the label “D 5695. Mar. 15, 1911.” This is clearly a mistake as the station number and date do not cor- respond. It is evident that these specimens are from the type locality, Station 5675, where collecting was done on March 15. Fisher’s further investigations into the anatomy of the Zoroasteride have established the generic rank of Myxoderma and have shown that the present species belongs in the genus. Myxoderma sacculatum (Fisher) Zoroaster (Myxoderma) sacculatus FisHEerR, 1905, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., XXIV, p. 316. Myzoderma sacculatum FisHEr, 1919, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9) III, p. 392. This species is not recorded as in the first collection. There are five specimens from Station 5694, having R=180 to 185 mm. Heliaster kubiniji Xantus Heliaster kubiniji Xantus, 1860, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 568. In the present series of very poorly preserved specimens, there is great range in size, as R=13 to 100 mm. The number of rays ranges 1923] Clark, Echinoderms from Lower California 153 from 15 to 24, but all the large specimens have 23. There is one with 15 rays, one with 17, one with 19, one with 20, five with 21, five with 22, eight with 23, and one with 24. Espiritu Santo. San Francisquito Bay, east coast of Lower California. Twenty-four specimens. Asterias forreri De Loriol Asterias forreri Dr Loriou, 1887, Rec. Zool. Suisse, IV, p. 401. There is a very poorly preserved sea-star in the present collection with R=95 mm. from San Francisquito Bay, which is evidently identical with the sea-stars from the same place which are recorded in the first report as Asterias forreri. As Fisher’s revision of the Pacific coast Asteriide is not yet published, I let the name stand as in the former report, to prevent any possible confusion later on. OPHIUROIDEA Since the publication of -the first report, the classification of the ophiurans has undergone quite a revolution and the sequence of the species is almost reversed. To facilitate comparison and prevent con- fusion, it seems best to follow the sequence of species that was used in the earlier report. Fortunately, no changes of nomenclature are neces- sitated by the activity of recent years in ophiuran taxonomy. Ophiura leptoctenia H. L. Clark Ophiura leptoctenia H. L. CuarK, 1911, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 75, p. 51. An additional specimen, 6 mm. across the disk, from Station 5694 calls for no comment. Ophiura superba (Liitken and Mortensen) Ophioglypha superba LiiTKEN AND MorTENSEN, 1899, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIII, p. 116. Ophiura superba Mrtssner, 1901, Bronn’s ‘Thierreich,’ II, pt. 3, p. 925. There are six additional specimens, 14 to 28 mm. across the disk, from Station 5694. In one fairly perfect specimen, 18 mm. across the disk, the arms are 90 mm. long. Ophiocten pacificum Liitken and Mortensen Ophiocten pacificum LiTKEN AND MorTeENsEN, 1899, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., MXM, i131. Two badly damaged specimens, one from Station 5689 and one from 5694, are scarcely worth recording. 154 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. XLVIII Ophiernus polyporus Liitken and Mortensen Ophiernus polyporus LiTKEN AND MortTENSEN, 1899, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIII, p. 109. An additional specimen, 13 mm. across the disk, from Station 5682 throws no light on the question of the validity of this species. Ophiomusium glabrum Liitken and Mortensen Ophiomusium glabrum LiTKEN AND MortTEeNSEN, 1899, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XXII, p. 132. There are five additional specimens from Station 5689. They are about 30 mm. across the disk and the arms are about 165 mm. long. Ophiomusium jolliense McClendon Ophiomusium jolliense McCLenpon, 1909, Univ. of California Publ., Zoél., VI, No. 3, p. 36. There is a typical example of this species, 7 mm. across the disk, in the present collection, but it was not represented in the material reported on previously. . Station 5682. Off Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, 491 fms. Bottom Temp. 40.8°. One specimen. Ophiomusium lymani Wyville Thomson Ophiomusium lymani WyvVILLE THOMSON, 1873, ‘The Depths of the Sea,’ p. 172. One of the 18 additional specimens now at hand from Station 5689 is larger than any in the earlier collection, measuring 32 mm. across the disk, while the others are from 13 mm. up. Amphiura diomedee Liitken and Mortensen Amphiura diomedex LittKEN AND MorTENSEN, 1899, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XX, p. 151. An additional, well-preserved specimen from Station 5694 has the disk 15 mm. across and the arms about 180 mm. long. Amphipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje) Asterias squamata DELLE Cu1asE, 1828, ‘Mém. Anim. s. Vert.,’ ITI, p. 74, Napoli. Amphipholis squamata VERRILL, 1899, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Sci., X, p. 312. A tiny brittle-star with disk about 2 mm. across is evidently an Amphipholis but shows no characters by which it can be distinguished from the ubiquitous species of Europe and eastern North America. Of course, were it full grown, it might show distinctive characters, but, as it 0 “etwe . iii 1923] Clark, Echinode*ms from Lower California 155 is, no other course seems right than to refer it to the cosmopolitan squamata. There was no representative of the genus in the earlier col- lection. The present specimen bears the label—‘“‘ Middle of east side of Cerros Island, March 12, 1911.’ This island is off the western coast of Lower California. Ophiacantha normani Lyman Ophiacantha normani LyMAN, 1879, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., VI, p. 58. There are 51 additional specimens of this common brittle-star from Station 5694. They range from 9 to 17 mm. across the disk. Ophiacantha parasema', new species Disk about 22 mm. in diameter and 8 to 10 mm. thick; arms all broken near base, 4to 5 mm. wide, the longest basal piece little more than 10 mm. long. Disk covered with a rather thick soft skin, the surface of which bears numerous crowded, more or less circular, minute plates, each of which carried a single, very acute, slightly rough spine. These spines are relatively thick at the base and taper to the sharp point; they are considerably longer than the diameter of the plate and hence the disk appears to be crowded with them. The longest are about a millimeter in length. Radial shields completely concealed and apparently wanting, but when the inner surface of the disk is examined, they can be detected as thin, flat plates, about 3 mm. long and half as wide, lying side by side, nearly parallel but scarcely in contact. Upper arm plates quadrilateral, overlapping, with distal margin strongly con- vex and lateral margins converging proximally. The basal plate has a slightly convex proximal region and the lateral margins are a little concave. It is about as long as wide, but all the succeeding plates are much wider than long. There are, however, only half a dozen upper arm plates on the longest arm fragment present and it is hard to say how much of their shortness and overlapping is due to the highly contracted condition of the arms. For the three fragments that are still attached to the disk are pulled back dorsally so strongly that the upper surface rests against the disk, much as occurs in the usual specimens of Ophiotholia, and, when forcibly laid down horizontally, their upper surfaces are markedly concave from the evident contraction of dorsal muscles. Side arm plates moderately large, the spine-bearing ridges prominent, not meeting above, but apparently meeting narrowly below between the under arm-plates. It is possible however that in a relaxed arm, lying horizontally, the distal margin of the under arm-plates would overlie and conceal the side arm plates in the median line. Each side arm plate bears 6 or 7 arm-spines, of which the uppermost is probably the longest, or the next to the uppermost perhaps, and the lowest shortest; as all are broken, neither their actual nor relative lengths can be determined. They are glassy, acicular, longitudinally ridged and somewhat rough, but not thorny; the longest was evidently longer than the arm segment and appar- ently equalled two segments at least. Under arm plates small, depressed at center so that they are distinctly concave, quadrilateral, with rounded corners and concave lateral margins. They are not in contact in the present condition of the arms. lrapaonuos =spurious, in reference to its not being a typical member of the genus. 156 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. XLVIII Tentacles long and basally large, scarcely contracted at all. Tentacle pores large, guarded by three tentacle-scales which were apparently somewhat spiniform, but as all are broken at the tip their actual form is uncertain. Interbrachial spaces below covered with thin, soft skin, with a few spine-bearing scales like those of the dorsal surface; these are most numerous, naturally, near the disk margin and are wanting near the mouth. Genital slits conspicuous, especially orally, margined by well-developed genital plates and at the oral end by the adoral plates and side arm plates. Oral shields conspicuous, nearly three times as wide as long, except the madreporite in which the length almost equals the width; the proxi- mal margin has a distinct sharp median angle, but the narrow lateral angles are rounded. Adoral plates L-shaped, the tip of each branch expanded, especially the shorter; they meet broadly in front of oral shield, but abut on the first under arm plate at the other end. Oral plates rather large and a little swollen. Teeth in a vertical series of about 4, bluntly pointed, about twice as long as wide. Oral papille 4 on each side, the smallest ones distalmost, the largest at apex of jaw; the largest are as long as the teeth but not quite so wide. Besides the oral papille, the sides of the jaw are armed with conspicuous oral tentacle-scales; the first oral pore is guarded by two large ones, as big as the smaller oral papille but of course above them (apparently below, when the mouth-parts are being examined); the outer pore is | guarded by three similar spiniform scales which are nearly at the same level and in line with the oral papillae. Color pale gray. Typr.—Cat. No. —, U.S. Nat. Mus., from Station 5694. Station 5694. Southwest of Santa Cruz Island, California, 640 fathoms. One specimen. The actual relationships of this brittle-star are dubious, owing to the defective condition of the specimen. The swollen disk and dorsally contracted arms, with the apparent absence of radial shields, remind one of Ophiotholia, but the mouth-parts are quite like many species of Ophiacantha. If the distal part of the arms were present, we should be better able to decide whether the relationship to Ophiotholia is at all close. Under existing conditions, it seems better to put the species in Ophiacantha, although it is obvious that it is not closely related to any species of that genus. The whole family of the Ophiacanthide needs revision with a careful comparison of internal skeletal plates which have hitherto been largely ignored. When this revision is made there will no doubt be a considerable increase in the number of genera which should be recognized. Ophiocoma ethiops Liitken Ophiocoma exthiops LivrKen, 1859, ‘Add. ad Hist.,’ pt. 2, p. 145. A very small brittle-star bearing every indication of being an Ophiocoma, and certainly not O. alexandri, is referred to this Panamic species. The disk is less than 2 mm. across, prettily variegated, as are 1923] Clark, Echinoderms from Lower California 157 the arms, with yellow-brown and cream-color. Accompanying this specimen is a slip on which is written: ‘‘Lower California on oyster shells. No locality label.’’ Only a single specimen of xthiops was in the original collection and that was from Angel de la Guardia Island in the Gulf of California. Ophiocoma alexandri Lyman Ophiocoma alexandri Lyman, 1860, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., VII, p. 256. A young specimen of this species, 4 mm. across the disk and yellow- brown in color, is very finely preserved, but, like the young 2thiops, it is accompanied by a slip reading “‘ Lower California. No locality label. On oyster shells.” Ophiothrix spiculata Le Conte Ophiothrix spiculata Lx Contes, 1851, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, V, p. 318. There are 30 very badly preserved small specimens of this common Panamic brittle-star with the disk 2 to 7 mm. across. They bear a label “T) 5695” but this locality is obviously wrong, as the depth at Station 5695 was 534 fms. and spiculata is essentially a littoral species. It has been recorded from depths near the 100 fms. line, but that is extreme. The label with the specimens bears the date April 26, 1911 and the speci- mens themselves indicate that they were taken in very shallow water. Astroschema subleve Liitken and Mortensen Astroschema subleve LiTKEN AND MorTENSEN, 1899, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIII, p. 187. There are two more specimens from Station 5695, one an adult with disk 13 mm. across and arms fully 200 mm. long, but only 3 mm. in diameter; the other very young, with disk smooth, only 2 mm. across and arms so tightly coiled on the gorgonian, on which both it and the adult are borne, that they cannot be measured. Asteronyx excavata Liitken and Mortensen Asteronyx excavata LUTKEN AND MortensEN, 1899, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIII, p. 185. There is a single additional specimen, 22 mm. across the disk, ona gorgonian from Station 5688. ECHINOIDEA Eucidaris thouarsii (Agassiz and Desor) Cidaris thouarsii AGassiz AND Drsor, 1846, Ann. Sci. Nat., VI, p. 326. Eucidaris thouarsii D6DERLEIN, 1887, ‘Jap. Seeigel,’ p. 42. 158 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. XLVIII There are some good representatives of this species in the present collection and they show no little diversity in form. For example, one 42 mm. in diameter is 24 mm. high, v.d. thus equal to less than .60 h.d., while another specimen 58 mm. in diameter is 41 mm. high, v.d. equaling more than .70h.d. In the best-preserved specimens the spines are nearly or quite equal to the diameter of the test. In one specimen there are 7 or 8 coronal plates in a series, while in another there are 9 or 10, a very large number for thouarsii. The specimens from Espiritu Santo bear a label reading ‘‘ Enemies of pearl oyster at propagating plant.” It seems highly improbable that this can be a fact, though it may be the impression of the pearl-shell growers. It would be interesting to know in just what way the sea-urchin is supposed to injure the pear! shells. Espiritu Santo. San Francisquito Bay, east coast of Lower California. Six specimens. Centrostephanus coronatus (Verrill) Echinodiadema coronata VERRILL, 1867, Trans. Connecticut Acad., I, p. 294. Centrostephanus coronatus A. AGassiz, 1872, Ilust. Cat. Mus. Comp. Zoél.. VII, p. 97. There are five unusually large specimens at hand, 45 to 50 mm. h.d.: thus twice as big as the largest in the earlier collection. The coloration too indicates maturity, for the banded spines of the young are no longer in evidence. Although all of the primaries have the tips broken off, they are long enough to show the absence of bands; they are deep claret distally but browner basally. San Francisquito Bay, east coast of Lower California. Astropyga pulvinata (Lamarck) Cidarites pulvinata Lamarck, 1816, ‘Anim. s. Vert.,’ II, p. 59. Astropyga pulvinata AGassiz AND Drsor, 1846, Ann. Sci. Nat., VI, p. 345. This interesting sea-urchin was not represented in the former collec- tion, but there is a fine series at hand now, ranging from 15 to 95 mm. in diameter. Unfortunately, they are not in the best of condition, the small ones in particular being more or less damaged. On the larger specimens the spines are mostly missing or broken. The most interesting feature of these Astropygas is the coloration. All specimens of pulvinata which I have seen hitherto have had a dull greenish ground color, in marked contrast to the deep red of A. radiata. The present specimens however show that the ground color in pulvinata is deep, purplish red at and above the ambitus and that the greenish color of dry museum mate- 1923] Clark, Echinoderms from Lower California 159 rial is due to the peeling off and loss of the red epidermis, which appears to flake off and disappear very easily. A very constant feature of the coloration of pulvinata, conspicuous in all but one of the present series, is a yellowish triangular spot in each interradius just above the ambitus. This is usually visible even in the greenish specimens and is very noticeable in the red ones. Apparently this spot is pale yellow, or possibly even white, in life. San Francisquito Bay, east coast of Lower California. Fifteen specimens. Arbacia incisa (A. Agassiz) Echinocidaris incisa A. AGassiz, 1863, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., I, p. 20. Arbacia incisa H. L. Cuarx, 1913, Bull. American Mus. Nat. Hist., XX XII, p. 220. There is a fine series of this species in the present collection, for the most part in good condition. They range from 10 to 38 mm. in diameter. The relative length of the primary spines shows some diversity; in the individual with the test 38 mm. h.d., the spines are 39 mm. long, but in one having h.d. 16 mm. the spines are 23 mm. long. Half a dozen of the specimens lack a locality label but the others are from San Francisquito Bay, east coast of Lower California. Twenty specimens. Clypeaster speciosus Verrill Clypeaster speciosus VERRILL, 1870, American Journ. Sci., (2) XLIX, p. 95. This fine clypeastroid was not represented in the first collection, but beautifully preserved specimens are now at hand, 76 mm. long, 66 mm. wide and 18 mm. high. They have the lower side very flat and the color is a deep, dull purple. San Esteban Island, Gulf of California. Two specimens. Encope californica Verrill Encope californica VERRILL, 1871, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Sci., I, p. 586. This remarkable clypeastroid was also wanting in the earlier collec- tion, although two other species of Encope were represented. The three species are easily distinguished from each other and show no tendency to intergrade or hybridize. It is possible that they do not occur together at any given place, but that each species has its own particular habitat. The ‘Albatross’ collections indicate that californica and grandis occur at the same locality and that grandis and micropora are 160 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History - [Vol. XLVIII both found at Tiburon Island, but that of course does not prove that they are actually living together at the same spot. The specimens of californica in the present lot show interesting diversity in the proportions of length and breadth. A typical specimen is 93 mm. long and 93 mm. wide, but three others are 95 by 93, 104 by 101 and 116 by 110. As a rule, the length is slightly greater than the width, but occasionally the width is greater; thus one specimen 109 mm. long is 112 mm. wide. The color of the dry specimens is brown, with a marked violet tinge around the lunules and along the margin. Conception Bay, east coast of Lower California. Twenty-one specimens. Encope grandis Agassiz — Encope grandis Acassiz, 1841, ‘Monogr. Echin., Scutelles,’ IT, p. 75. There are additional specimens of this extraordinary creature at hand from new localities. The length exceeds the width, the measure- ments being 98 by 93 mm. and 100 by 98. Conception Bay, east coast of Lower California. San Francisquito Bay, east coast of Lower California. Two specimens. Urechinus loveni (A. Agassiz) Cystechinus loveni A. AGAssiz, 1898, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XXXII, p. 79. Urechinus lovent MortTENSEN, 1907, ‘Dan. Ingolf.-Exp., IV, Echinoidea,’ pt. 2, p. 50. There are two additional specimens of this odd and fragile sea- urchin from Station 5684. One is 78 mm. long, 57 mm. wide and 35 mm. high, while the other is 75 by 44 mm. Schizaster townsendi A. Agassiz Schizaster townsendi A. AGAssiz, 1898, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., XXXII, p. 82. Additional material from Station 5697 consists of eight more or less complete specimens, 40 to 50 mm. long, and fragments of others. : Brissopsis pacifica (A. Agassiz) Toxobrissus pacificus A. AGAssiz, 1898, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., XXXII, p. 83. Brissopsis (Toxobrissus) pacifica MoRTENSEN, 1907, ‘Dan. Ingolf.-Exp., IV, Echinoidea,’ pt. 2, p. 44. There are 42 additional specimens, 10 to 30 mm. long, and many fragments, from Station 5675. 1923] Clark, Echinoderms from Lower California 161 HOLOTHURIOIDEA Molpadia musculus Risso Molpadia musculus Risso, 1826, ‘Hist. Nat. Princip. Product. Europe Mer.,’ p. 293. There is a single Molpadia from Station 5684, in fine condition, 80 mm. long by 25 mm. in diameter where largest, and with the caudal portion 13 mm. long. The color is pale gray and there are no phosphatic bodies. The calcareous particles seem to warrant referring it to this species, but it is certainly not a typical example. Cucumaria abyssorum Théel Cucumaria abyssorum Taber, 1886, ‘Rep. Voy. ‘Challenger,’ Zool.,’ XX XTX, p. 66. There are two additional specimens from Station 5684 and five from 5691. They are well preserved and several show their ten tentacles. They are 50 to 95 mm. long and in the largest the genital papilla: is conspicuous. Psolus squamatus (O. F. Miiller) Holothuria squamata O. F. MiLuER, 1776, Proc. Zool. Dan., p. 232. Psolus squamatus MCANDREW AND BARRETT, 1857, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (2) XX, p. 45. There is another large Psolus at hand from Station 5695, measuring 80 mm. long by 55 mm. wide and 30 mm. high. It seems to me almost incredible that these specimens can really have been taken at a depth of 534 fms. and not show any differences to distinguish them from speci- mens taken in shallow water on the Norwegian coast. The species of Psolus are in need of critical revision and the Pacific coast material is not at present sufficient to make such a revision satisfactory. Thyonepsolus nutriens H. L. Clark Thyonepsolus nutriens H. L. Cuarx, 1901, Zool. Anz., XXIV, p. 168. There is a small psolid at hand with only the unsatisfactory label “Gulf of California” to indicate whence it came. It is 12 mm. long by 6.5 mm. wide and about 4mm. high. The calcareous deposits in the sole can be roughly grouped in three classes and are almost exactly like those of Psolidium dorsipes Ludwig. But the dorsal surface is quite unlike Psolidium and is exactly as described for Thyonepsolus, soft, thick, with no visible scales or plates, and very numerous pedicels not arranged in longitudinal series. The validity of Thyonepsolus has been questioned and some have relegated the genus to the synonymy of Psolidiwm, but 162 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. XLVIII the examination of the present specimen confirms my belief that it is a recognizable, natural group. In one respect, however, this specimen from the Gulf of California is unlike those from Monterey, California, and that is in the deposits of the sole. It is probable, however, that my original description failed to recognize the diversity to be found in these desposits. Benthodytes sanguinolenta Théel Benthodytes sanguinolenta TH&EL, 1882, ‘Rep. Voy. ‘Challenger,’ Zool.,’ XIII, p. 104. + There are three fairly well preserved specimens of this deep sea holothurian, 125 to 175 mm. long, but they have with them no locality label. The ‘Albatross’ met with the species at four stations in depths exceeding one thousand fathoms. Pseudostichopus mollis Théel Pseudostichopus mollis THtEL, 1886, ‘Rep. Voy. ‘Challenger,’ Zool.,’ XX XIX, p. 169. There are three additional specimens from Station 5695. They are smooth, shiny white, and 110 to 150 mm. long. Stichopus parvimensis H. L. Clark Stichopus parvimensis H. L. Cuarx, 1913, Bull. American Mus. Nat. Hist., XXXII, p. 234. A young Stichopus only 40 mm. long seems to belong to this species. The dorsal papillae have very dark tips. Point San Bartolomé, west coast of Lower California. “Boat dredge.” Holothuria lubrica Selenka Holothuria lubrica SELENKA, 1867, Zeitschr. f. w. Zool., XVII, p. 329. The specimens listed in the earlier report bore no locality label, but of those now at hand only two lack such a label. The specimens run from 20 to 160 mm. in length, the last being a maximum for the species. It is interesting to note that the species occurs on both sides of Lower California as well as far up in the Gulf. Angel de la Guardia Island, Gulf of California. Pichilingue Bay, east coast of Lower California. Santa Maria Bay, west coast of Lower California. Eight specimens. 1923] Clark, Echinoderms from Lower California 163 Holothuria monacaria (Lesson) Holothuria (Psolus Oken) monacaria Lrsson, 1830, ‘Cent. Zool.,’ p. 225. Holothuria monacaria JAEGER, 1833, ‘De Holoth.,’ p. 24. A small holothurian, 60 mm. long from Pichilingue Bay, east coast of Lower California, seems to represent this Indo-Pacific species, although it has not previously been recorded from the coast of America. A much smaller specimen, 15 mm. long, with no locality label other than ‘‘ Lower California,” is too young for certain identification, but may, for want of a better place, be referred to this species. I have little doubt however, that when the genus Holothuria is critically and carefully revised, the range of true monacaria will not include the western coast of America. a J Tez —s a aK x, 4 f eS RESULTS OF THE EXPEDITION TO THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA tn Cuanrce or C, H. Townsenp, sy THe U. S. Fisheries Steam- ’ sup ‘ALBATROSS,’ IN 1911, Commanpnr G. H, Burrage, U.S. N,, CoMMANDING - Published by Poraienen at the U. 8. Commissioner of Fisheries “XII The Brachyuran Crabs Collected by the U.S. Fisheries ~ Steamer ‘Albatross’ in 1911, Chiefly_on the West Coast of Me: €X1CO By Mary J. RatrHBun BULLETIN _ OF ” THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY (= > Vou XLVIM, Ar. XX, pp. 619-637 7 New York ; Issued December 28, 1928. | EUEETS, mei ae a. —— BAR ays ) ee hore eee es oe eaBS. American Museum of Natural ‘History: : e = 3520") Ne lone clat ce so: 35!” W30 laeel fathoms; 8S. brk. Sh.; March 21; eeaviOn D5678; 2 small? ; one ‘‘had a large compound ascidian on its back.”’ Without locality label; 1 9, soft-shell. See also list of larvee. Hypoconcha digueti Bouvier 1898, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, IV, pp. 374 and 376, San Estaban Island; 1 o& without chelipeds. Length of carapace 10.2 mm., width 10.6 mm. The type female came from La Paz Bay. CALAPPIDE Cycloes bairdii Stimpson Cyclois bairdii Stimpson, 1860, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., VII, p. 237 [109]. Cape San Lucas; March 23; 20° 1 9. PORTUNIDZ Portunus (Portunus) xantusii (Stimpson) Achelotis xantusii Stimpson, 1860, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., VII, p. 222 [94]. Point San Bartholome; 2 juv. Also with boat dredge; March 13; DO Oe ois Santa Maria Bay; boat dredge; March 18; 100 juv. Ba eel et Bay: Sail Rock, Entrada Bain. S. 53° W.; Redondo Point, 'S:,15° W.; lat.24° 35’ 207 No Mone. TiS 59° 35 Wie. 13.5 fathoms; S. brk. Sh.; March 21; station D5678; 171 9. Cape San Lucas; March 23; 6 & 8 9 (2 ovigerous). Pichilinque Bay: By electric light; March 27; 6 @ 1 9 16 juv. April 18; 6 o& 1 ovigerous 2. By electric light; 1 juv. San Josef Island; March 31; 1% 1 9. Agua Verde Bay; April 1; 1 Juv. Without locality label; 59 juv. Arenzus mexicanus (Gerstacker) Euctenota mexicana GrrstCKER, 1856, Arch. f. Naturg., XXII, pt. 1, p. 131, Pl. v, figs. 3 and 4. Ballenas Bay; March 16; 1 #1 9. 1923] Rathbun, Brachyuran Crabs of West Coast of Mexico 621 Callinectes arcuatus Ordway 1863, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., VII, p. 578. San Jose del Cabo; March 26; 2 o 2 9 (1 immature, | soft-shell). Callinectes bellicosus (Stimpson) Lupa bellicosa Stimpson, 1859, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., VII, p. 57 [11]. Point San Bartholome: With boat dredge; March 13; 3 72 9. March 14; 1 &. Imseine; 4 juv. Abreojos Point; March 16; 2 9°. Ballenas Bay; March 16; 2 o& juv.,1 @ juv. S. end of Magdalena Bay; March 20; 10 72 9. Pichilinque Bay: By electric light; March 27; 6 juv. March 29; 1 o@ Juv. Agua Verde Bay; April 2; 2immature °. Mulege, at mouth of river; in 100-foot seine; April 4; 1 o. Ricason Island, Concepcion Bay; April7; 8 2 9. Cronius ruber (Lamarck) Portunus ruber Lamarck, 1818, ‘Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert.,’ V, p. 260. Amphitrite edwardsii LocKINGTON, 1877, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., VII, 1876, p. 43 [3]. Point San Bartholome; in seine; March 14; 22 9. ATELECYCLIDZ Pliosoma parvifrons Stimpson Plate XXVI 1860, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., VII, p. 228 [100], Pl. 111, fig. 6. Cape San Lucas; March 28; 1 o. Carapace 20 mm. long, 18.8 mm. wide. The specimen is larger than those collected by Xantus and is better developed. The spines are reduced in size, the gastric, hepatic and two inner branchial prominences being scarcely more than tubercles. The first ambulatory leg is nearly twice as long as the carapace; the cheliped is stronger than the legs and one and two-thirds times as long as the carapace; surface finely granulate except on distal half of fingers; merus subcylindrical, carpus subspherical; propodus a little compressed, in- creasing in width gradually and regularly almost to the fingers where the lower margin bows outward, giving the fixed finger a sinuous edge and making a considerable gape between the proximal halves of the fingers, into which a very low, broad tooth projects from the dactylus; meeting edges crenulate. 622 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History {Vol. XLVIII CANCRIDE Cancer jordani Rathbun 1900, Amer. Nat., XXXIV, p. 133. Middle of east side of Cerros Island; March 12; 1 9. Cancer amphictus Rathbun 1898, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X XI, p. 582. Middle of east side of Cerros Island; March 12; 1 juv. Santa Maria Bay; with boat dredge; March 18; 2 juv. XANTHIDZE Leptodius occidentalis (Stimpson) Chlorodius occidentalis Stimpson, 1871, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., X, p. 108. Pichilinque Bay; March 27; 5073 9. Agua Verde Bay; April 1; 3 o’. Xanthodius hebes Stimpson 1860, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., VII, p. 208 [80]. Pichilinque Bay; March 27 and 29; 16 7 17 9. Agua Verde Bay; April 1; 2 oc 8 @ (1 ovigerous). San Francisquito Bay; April9; 1 9. Cycloxanthops novemdentatus (Lockington) Xanthodes? novem-dentatus LOCKINGTON, 1877, Proc. California Acad. Sci., VII, 1876, p. 32. Point San Bartholome; in seine; 1 9. Glyptoxanthus labyrinthicus (Stimpson) Actzxa labyrinthica Stimpson, 1860, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., VII, p. 204. San Francisquito Bay; beach; April 9; 1 <’. Panopeus bradleyi Smith 1869, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., XII, p. 281. Santa Maria Bay; with boat dredge; March 18; 1 9. Head of Concepcion Bay; April 6; 1 o. Eurypanopeus planissimus (Stimpson) Xantho planis sima Stimpson, 1860, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., VII, p. 205. Agua Verde Bay; April 1; 1 o&. San Francisquito Bay; beach; April 9; 4 7. ee 1923] Rathbun, Brachyuran Crabs of West Coast of Mexico 623 Micropanope nitida Rathbun 1898, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, p. 587, Pl. xxi, fig. 9. Agua Verde Bay; Aprill; 1073 @. Locality not given; 23 o1 16 2 1 juv. Lophopanopeus heathii Rathbun 1900, Amer. Nat., XXXIV, p. 137. Middle of east side of Cerros Island; March 12; 1 @ and carapace. Pilumnus spinohirsutus (Lockington) Plate XX VII Acanthus spino-hirsutus Locxtneton, 1877, Proc. California Acad. Sci., VII, 1876 pp. 33 and 102. Pilumnus spino-hirsutus STREETS AND KinGstey, 1877, Bull. Essex Inst., IX, p. 107. Pilumnus spinohirsutus RatuBun, 1904, ‘Harriman Alaska Exped.,’ X, p. 185 (part), not Pl. vu, fig. 2; 1910, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XX XVIII, p. 585 (part). Point Abreojos; March 6; 1 o’. Magdalena Bay: Sail Rock, Entrada Point, S. 53° W.; Redondo Pom, ©. 15° W.; lat..24° 35':20” Ni; long-:111° 59”. 35" W.; 13.5 fathoms; S. brk. Sh.; March 21; station D5678; 1 1 2 2 juv. Occurs in southern California and on the west coast of Lower Cali- fornia as far south as Magdalena Bay. : From Magdalena Bay southward as far as Manzanillo, including the Gulf of California, P. spinohirsutus is replaced by a form which I formerly regarded as a variation, but a considerable series of both sorts from many localities shows consistent differences. Lockington’s types are not extant. His description would apply to either species, according to the reader’s interpretation of this sentence: re four larger spines on antero-lateral margin of carapax, besides those on upper margin of orbit.’’ Did he include the spine at the outer angle of the orbit with the antero-lateral spines or with the upper orbital spines? We can judge only by the locality of his specimens, San Diego, which is included in the range of the northern species, and from which the National Museum possesses two specimens belonging to that species. In it, there are four antero-lateral spines beside the outer orbital spine; the latter therefore was classed by Lockington with ‘‘those on upper margin of orbit.” The species have much in common. In both, the dorsal surface of carapace and appendages is covered with long hairs, except the hinder part of the carapace, while the carapace and ambulatory legs have a short 624 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. XLVIII coat of pubescence. The carapace is very convex antero-posteriorly, slightly convex from side to side. The antero-lateral margins are armed with long spines, the orbit and the front with shorter spines. Chelipeds spinous above and also on the outer surface of the palms except on the lower portion of the larger palm. On the legs, the upper surface of the carpus-propodus and the distal extremity of the merus are spined. The differences are as follows: P. spinohirsutus Antero-lateral spines 5; the first or orbital spine is a little shorter than the others and the space between first and second is less than the other spaces, the bases of those spines often contiguous, so that they appear like one deeply bifid spine. No subhepatic spine, although there may be some small spinules. Frontal spines short. In male usually half of outer surface of larger hand is smooth and naked, the smooth area separated obliquely from the rough area by a line running from the lower proximal corner to the distal end opposite the middle of base of dactylus. In female the smooth space is similar to, but smaller than, that of the male. Carapace wider, width (exclusive of spines) more than 1)4 times length. P. towwsendi Antero-lateral spines 4, equally sep- arated. A slender, well-marked, subhepatic spine, below the interval between first and second lateral spines. Frontal spines longer. In both sexes less than half of outer surface of larger hand is smooth. A con- tinuous line of short, conical spines runs lengthwise in line with the base of cutting edge of propodal finger. Carapace narrower, width (exclusive of of spines) 1%, or less than 1%, times length. P. spinohirsutus runs larger than the next species, measuring 23.4 mm. (Cat. No. 32964, U. S. N. M.) in total length of carapace as con- trasted with 14.2 in townsendi (type). P. spinohirsutus shows a tendency to produce a posterior branch on the third lateral spines. Pilumnus townsendi,! new species Plate XXVIII Pilumnus spinohirsutus RaTHBUN, not Lockington, 1904, ‘Harriman Alaska Exped.,’ X, p. 185 (part), Pl. vit, fig. 2; 1910, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XX XVIII, p..585 (part). 1For Dr. Charles H. Townsend, in charge of the 1911 expedition. eS —e oy 1923] Rathbun, Brachyuran Crabs of West Coast of Mexico 625 Typr-LocaLity.—Off Adair Bay, Gulf of California, Mexico; 17 fathoms; sta- tion 3026, ‘Albatross’; 2 females (1 is holotype). Typr.—Cat. No. 17413, U.S. N. M. MEASUREMENTS.—Female holotype, length of carapace on median line 13.8, length including spines 14.2, width excluding spines 18.3, including spines 21.4 mm. SPECIMENS COLLECTED BY THE 1911 ExPEDITION.— Magdalena Bay: Sail Rock, Entrada Point, 8. 53° W.; Redondo Point, 8. 15° W.; lat. 24° 35’ 20” N., long. 111° 59’ 35”’ W.; 13.5 fathoms; 8. brk. Sh.; March 21; station D5678; 1 71 Q. Head of Concepcion Bay; April 6; 1 o 3 juv. A lot containing 1 9, 3 juv., is labeled ‘‘Station 5695,” obviously incorrect, as the depth at that station is 534 fathoms. Rance.—Magdalena Bay to Manzanillo, via Gulf of California, to a depth of 22 fathoms. For description of this species and its relations, see under Pilumnus spinohirsutus, above. Pilumnus gonzalensis Rathbun 1893, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVI, p. 240. San Francisquito Bay; April 9; 2 9. Eurytium affine (Streets and Kingsley) Panopeus affinis STREETS AND KINGSLEY, 1877, Bull. Essex. Inst., IX, p. 106. Pichilinque Bay; March 27; 3 1 Q. Eriphia squamata Stimpson 1859, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., VI, p. 56 [10]. Agua Verde Bay; Aprill; 11 @. Pichilinque Bay; March 27; 5 o&' 8 @ (3 ovigerous). Mazatlan; 1 propodus of right cheliped. PINNOTHERIDE Pinnotheres jamesi,! new species Plate XXIX, Text Figures 1 and 2 Typr-LocaLity.—Pichilinque Bay, Lower California; by electric light; 1 male. Typr.—Cat. No. 57005, U.S. N M. MEASUREMENTS.—Length of carapace of type male 3.7 mm., width the same. Diacnosis oF Matn.—Carapace hard, nearly circular, bordered with hair around lateral angles. Last leg very much smaller than the others. Male abdomen extremely long and narrow. Description oF Mate.—Carapace subcircular, inclining toward the hexagonal, broadest at the middle of its length; evenly convex in all directions; surface smooth and shining except for a narrow border of pubescence, 1.4 mm. long, embracing the 1For Mr. Arthur Curtiss James, a patron of the expedition. 626 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. XLVIII widest part of the carapace. Posterior margin 2.3 mm. long, slightly curved; postero- lateral margin thickened over the last pair of legs. Front 1.2 mm. wide, nearly truncate, extremities curved; middle part bent under and ending in a point. Chelipeds shorter than first leg and very little stouter. Margins of chelipeds and legs hairy. Palm increasing in width distally; fingers with a small tooth near base of inner edges, tips curved toward each other. The legs are similar in form, their rela- tive lengths represented by 2.3.1.4, the second longest, fourth very much shorter than the others, its merus not reaching the middle of the merus of the third leg; in all, the margins of the merus are subparallel, the upper margin of the propodus is slightly arched, the dactylus is strongly curved, gradually tapering, but with a very slender tip; the carpus-propodus of the second and third legs has a fringe of long hairs on the posterior surface which proceed from near the upper margin. A Sear eee (ee oe Fig. 1. Pinnotheres jamesi, left outer maxilliped of & holotype, X 77.5. Fig. 2. Pinnotheres jamesi, abdomen of & holotype, X 18. The abdomen is very narrow and long, reaching to the buccal cavity; the first two segments are linear, the third occupies little more than half the width of the sternum, its ends rounded; fourth and fifth segments fused, the line of union partially visible; the fourth tapers a little, the fifth is nearly square; the sixth is a little shorter than the fifth and narrows slightly to the seventh, which is suboblong with rounded tip. This species belongs to the same group as P. concharum'; it differs from male concharum in its rounder carapace with pubescence along the lateral angles instead of around the anterior half of the carapace, in the broader front, the more convex posterior margin, the shorter and broader legs, especially noticeable in the propodus, the longer and differently shaped abdomen. The outer maxilliped is akin to that of P. reticulatus,? from the Gulf of California, which is known only from the female and has no other obvious relation to P. james?. 1Rathbun, 1918, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 97, p. 86, Pl. xx, figs. 3-6, text-fig. 42. 2Op. cit., p. 93, Pl. xx1, figs. 1 and 2. 1923] Rathbun, Brachyuran Crabs of West Coast of Mexico 627 Pinnotheres pichilinquei, new species Plate XXX; Text Figures 3 to 5 TyYpE-LocaLiry.—Pichilinque Bay, Lower California; by electric light; March 27; 4 males. Type.—Cat. No. 57004, U.S. N. M. MeEASUREMENTS.—Length of carapace of type male 4.4 mm., width 4.3 mm. Dracnosis or Maue.—Pubescent. Carapace deeply sculptured. Chelipeds very heavy. Legs subequal. Description oF Marte.—Carapace subhexagonal, the postero-lateral regions . deeply hollowed, the posterior ambulatory leg fitting into the hollow; surface cov- ered with a dense soft pubescence which forms a smooth, as opposed to a ragged, surface, but does not conceal the inequalities of the shell. Cardiac region surrounded by a deep groove except posteriorly; branchial and gastric regions grooved in such a Fig. 3. Pinnotheres pichilinquei, left outer maxilliped of « paratype, X 33}. Fig. 4. Pinnotheres pichilinquei, right first ambulatory leg of & paratype, X 27. The outer line marks the extent of the fringe of hair. Fig. 5. Pinnotheres pichilinquei, abdomen of & paratype, X 27. way as to form aregular pattern; hepatic region depressed. Front viewed from above, advanced, broadly subtriangular, edge arcuate; viewed from before, the front is deflexed and pointed. Orbits round, eyestalks stout, cornee smaller but of good size and black. Antennules when folded bulging; antenna as long as one-half width of front. Chelipeds pubescent like the carapace and with a dense short fringe on the inner border; they are stout; carpus somewhat nodose, chela thick and high; palm with upper surface concave, outer surface with two longitudinal grooves; lower margin of propodus convex from one end to the other; fingers heavy, meeting when closed, tips slender and crossing; a small tooth near base of each finger. Ambulatory legs similar, diminishing slightly from first to fourth pair; carpus- propodus broader than merus, and having a fringe of long hairs attached on the pos- terior surface just below the upper margin, the hairs lying against the surface; dactyli slender, long, curved. 628 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. XLVIII Coior.—The preserved specimens show a great deal of dark color on the cara- pace; in the type-specimen the front is light with a narrow, dark, median line, the extreme rear is light, the remainder is dark shading to nearly black; chelipeds and legs mostly light. This is the Pacific counterpart of P. shoemakeri! which inhabits the Gulf of Mexico and the West Indies. The Atlantic species has a longer carapace with smaller areoles and wider furrows; the fingers are nar- rower and the legs much slenderer. ie Pe as Fig. 6. Parapinnixa nitida, Pichilinque Bay, abdomen of o, X 27. Parapinnixa nitida (Lockington) Text Figure 6 Pinniza (?) nitida Lock1neToN, 1877, Proc. California Acad. Sci., VII, 1876, p. 155 [11], part (type-locality, Angeles Bay). Parapinniza nitida RaTHBUN, 1918, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 96, p. 107, text-fig. 58, and synonymy. Pichilinque Bay; by electric light; 1 o’. Carapace 2.6 mm. long, 5.6 mm. wide. The male is similar in shape to the female which is known to us only through Holmes’s figure, the type specimen itself being no longer extant. Just behind the front there is a transverse furrow which laterally curves forward until it meets the upper margin of the orbit. The carpus and propodus, taken together, are more nearly of a size in the first three ambulatory legs than is represented in Holmes’s figure where the second and third legs were narrowed by perspective. 1Rathbun, 1918, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 97, p. 95, Pl. xxn, figs. 1-4, text-fig. 48. 1923] Rathbun, Brachyuran Crabs of West Coast of Mexico 629 Dissodactylus nitidus Smith 1870, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts and Sci., II, p. 173. Santa Maria Bay; from boat dredge; March 18; 6 2 9. GRAPSIDZ Grapsus grapsus (Linnzus) Cancer grapsus LINN US, 1758, ‘Sys. Nat.,’ 10 Ed., I, p. 630. South end of Cerros Island; March 10; 1 o. Santa Maria Bay; March 18; 2 7. San Estaban Island; April 13; 1 o. Label illegible; 1 %. Geograpsus lividus (Milne Edwards) Grapsus lividus MILNE Epwarps, 1837, ‘Hist. Nat, Crust.,’ IT, 1837, p. 85. Pichilinque Bay; March 27; 2 9 (1 ovigerous). Pachygrapsus crassipes Randall 1840, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, VIII, 1839, p. 127. Guadalupe Island; March 2; 171 Q. E. San Benito Island; March 9; 1 &% 2 @ (1 ovigerous). W. San Benito Island; March9; 472 9. S. end of Cerros Island; March 10; 678 @. Santa Maria Bay; March 15; 1o¢. Point Abreojos; March 16; 1 o 3 9 (1 soft-shell). Margarita Island; March 19; 3 9. Tiburon Island; April 12; 1 9. Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes) Grapsus transversus GIBBES, 1850, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., ITI, p. 181. Pichilinque Bay; March 27; 1 ovigerous 9°. Agua Verde Bay; April 1; 2 o 1 ovigerous 9°. Goetice americanus, new species! Plate XX XI; Text Figure7 _ Hemigrapsus oregonensis RATHBUN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 97, p. 270 (part). TypE-LocaLity.—San Luis Gonzales Bay, Lower California (gulf side), Mexico; March 27, 1889; ‘Albatross’; 70 males; 41 females (27 ovigerous). One male is holo- type. A set of paratypes has been placed in the American Museum. Typr.—Cat. No. 17452, U.S. N. M. Pig Ae 7. Te 1Not represented in the 1911 collection. Published here by permission of the Smithsonian Institu- tion. : j \ , a 630 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. XLVIII MEASUREMENTS.—Male holotype, length of carapace 14, greatest width 15.8, width between outer orbital angles 14.4 mm. DeEscrIPTIoNn.—Dorsal aspect very much as in Hemigrapsus oregonensis. In specimens of equal carapace length, the width is a little less, both at the widest part and at the orbital angles, than it is in oregonensis, the posterior of the lateral teeth is smaller, the granulated ridge setting off the steep postero-lateral region is fainter, the blunt ridge just above and parallel to the margin of the front is more extensive, punctate and smoother than in oregonensis. The most noticeable difference in the species is in the outer maxillipeds; the ischium is distinctly smaller than the merus and diminishes in width from the distal to the proximal end, its distal margin is concave forward except for a smooth arcuate lobe at the inner end which is strongly produced forward and partially overlaps the merus; merus elongate; palpus strongly developed, reaching, when it is folded in place, quite to the ischium. Fig. 7. Goetice americanus, left outer maxilliped of co paratype (Cat. No. 17452, U..S..N. M.), <8. The chelipeds in the well-developed male are very heavy and equal; palms high height greater than length measured from articulation with carpus to sinus between fingers; anterior margin of palm very oblique; tip of immovable finger curved up- ward, wider than:tip of dactylus; dactylus slender, a large lobe near its base, the distal half of which has a crenulated edge, continued also along the edge of the dactyl as far as the tip; a large brush of coarse hair occupies the greater part of the inner surface of the palm. Ambulatory legs of moderate size and bordered with long, soft hair. Abdomen of male narrow, the sides converging little from the third to the middle of the sixth segment. VARIATION.—There is considerable variation in individuals from the same locality. Large specimens have not always as well developed chelipeds as smaller specimens. The two chelipeds may be unlike, one with a tooth on the dactyl, the other without a tooth, and with meeting fingers, similar to those of females and young. Most of the specimens of the type lot including all the females are devoid of hair on the legs; in a lot from Guaymas, there is a greater proportion of hairy individuals, including some females. 1923] Rathbun, Brachyuran Crabs of West Coast of Mexico 631 Rance.—From San Bartolome Bay, on the west coast of Lower California to the Gulf of California where it has been found at Guaymas, Puerto Refugio on Angel Island, and at San Luis Gonzales Bay. It was not taken by the 1911 expedition of the ‘Albatross.’ Hemigrapsus oregonensis, with which this species was formerly con- founded, does not occur in Mexico farther south than Todos Santos Bay on the west coast of Lower California just below the United States line (not Todos Santos near the tip of the peninsula). The genus Goetice,! distinguished by the form of the outer maxillipeds, has not before been noted in America. Its type species, G. depressus (de Haan),? is a common shore crab in Japan; it differs from the American species in its carapace narrowed behind instead of squarish and the articulation of merus and ischium of endognath of outer maxillipeds more oblique. Male abdomen and chelipeds similar, except that the inner surface of the palm is bare in depressus. Sesarma (holometopus) magdalenense Rathbun Plate XXXII 1918, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 97, p. 305, Pl. Lxxxv1. TyYPE-LOCALITY.—Mangreve Island, Magdalena Bay, Lower California; March 20, 1911; ‘Albatross’; 8 78 9 (1 cis type). Typr.—Cat. No. 45793, U.S. N. M. MEASUREMENTS.—Type male, length of carapace 11.6 mm., width between the outer angles of the orbits 14.2 mm., width at postero-lateral angles 13.1 mm. Carapace distinctly broader than long, broadest at the outer angles of the orbit, diminishing posteriorly, a very shallow sinus in the lateral margins behind the antero- lateral angles. Surface for the most part smooth and shining, depressions moderately deep; pits of two sorts, a few large scattered ones visible to the naked eye, and numer- ous small ones, which become crowded on the anterior branchial region. On the anterior and antero-lateral regions, there are a few scale-like granules. Antero- lateral angle a well-marked tooth. Front about three-fifths as wide as carapace, surface nearly vertical, with the lower edge advanced; front widening below, lower margin arcuate, outer corners rounded; surface uneven, wrinkled and unevenly granulate with fine, depressed granules; superior frontal lobes nearly smooth and feebly separated, the middle pair the wider. Chelipeds of male massive; merus and carpus covered on the outer surface with short granulated ruge; chele high, swollen; immovable finger short, high, horizontal; dactylus strongly arched. Palm with lower margin very arcuate, its upper surface with several longitudinal, broken lines of fine granules, its outer surface, as well as the upper surface of the proximal half of the dactylus, covered with fine scabrous granules; fingers punctate, gaping; basal half of prehensile edge of the 1Gistel, ‘Natur. Thierreichs,’ 1848, p. x. 2Grapsus (Platynotus) depressus de Haan, ‘Fauna Japon., Crust.,’ 1835, p. 63, Pl. vu, fig. 2, Pl. D (mouth-parts, Platynotus). 632 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. XLVIII dactylus cut out in a deep sinus, into which projects a crenulated tooth of the im- movable finger; both fingers irregularly dentate. The chelipeds of the female have both fingers horizontal and longer than the immovable finger of the male; they do not gape, and the teeth fit rather closely together. In the young male the chelz are intermediate in form between those of the adult male and of the female, and the gape is lacking. Ambulatory legs with merus-joints rather short, (in the fourth pair 2\, times as wide as long), widening distally, and crossed by fine short rug; dactyli slender, longer than their respective propodi measured on the outer or anterior margin. Abdomen of male broadly triangular; terminal segment as broad as long. Ap- pendages of first segment rather slender, tips oblique. Cotor.—Specimens preserved in alcohol have a greenish-blue carapace mottled with purple; upper, proximal half of chelew reddish-brown; upper surface of legs covered with a pattern of fine dots of dark purple on a light ground. This species is unlike other American Sesarme in its faintly marked frontal lobes, which give it much the appearance of a Metasesarma, e.g., M. rousseauxi Milne Edwards! and M. aubryi (A. Milne Edwards).? In Sesarma magdalenense, however, the inner orbital lobe, although large, does not meet the angle of the front and exclude the antenna from the orbit. GECARCINIDZ ¢ Cardisoma crassum Smith 1870, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts and Sci., I, p. 144, Pl. v. Agua Verde Bay; 1°. OcYPODIDE Ocypode occidentalis Stimpson 1860, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., VI, p. 229. Cape St. Lucas; March 23; 3 o. Carmen Island: with 175-foot seine; April 3; 3% 3 9. April 7; 2.6% Uca crenulata (Lockington) Gelasimus crenulatus LocktneToNn, 1877, Proc. California Acad. Sci., VII, 1876, p. 149. Mangrove Island, Magdalena Bay; March 20, 1911; 4 &. Agua Verde Bay; April 2; 1 o. Head of Concepcion Bay; April 6; 13 o. 11853, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zodl., (3) XX, p. 188 [154]. ogSesarma (Holometopus) aubryi A. Milne Edwards, 1869, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, V, p. 1923] Rathbun, Brachyuran Crabs of West Coast of Mexico 633 PARTHENOPIDE Heterocrypta macrobrachia Stimpson 1871, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., X, p. 108, Magdalena Bay: Sail Rock, Entrada Point, 8. 53° W.; Redondo Pont... 15. W.; lat..24° 35’ 20" N., long. 111° 59’ 35” W.;. 13.5 fathoms; 8S. brk. Sh.; March 21; station D5678; 1 juv. Masip# (= Inachide) Stenorynchus debilis (Smith) Leptopodia debilis Sm1ru, 1871, Rept. Peabody Acad. Sci., 1869, p. 87. Without locality label; 1 ovigerous @. Podochela hemphillii (Lockington) Microrhynchus hemphillit Lock1netTon, 1877, Proc. California Acad. ci., VII, 1876, ; p- 30 [8]. San Estaban Island; April 14; 1 o. “Station D5679”; 1 &. As the depth at this station is 325 fathoms, the label is probably erroneous. Eucinetops panamensis Rathbun 1923, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XX XVI, p. 73. San Francisquito Bay; beach; April 9; 1 <’, soft-shell. Euprognatha bifida Rathbun 1893, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, p. 231. Middle of east side of Cerros Island; March 12; 3 72 Q. Collodes granosus Stimpson 1860, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., VII, p. 194 [66], Pl. u, fig. 4. Cape San Lucas; March 23; 1 ovigerous 9°. Collodes tumidus Rathbun: 1898, Proc. U.S, Nat. Mus., X XI, p. 569, Pl. x11, fig. 1. Middle of east side of Cerros Island; March 12; 1 @ juv. Inachoides tuberculatus (Lockington) Inachus tuberculatus Lock1naTon, 1877, Proc. California Acad. Sci., VII, p. 30. Santa Maria Bay; with boat dredge; March 18; 1749. | Without locality label; 3.73 9. 634 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. XLVIII Epialtus sulcirostris Stimpson 1860, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., VII, p. 198 [70]. Santa Maria Bay; with boat dredge; March 18; 1 o. Epialtus nuttallii (Randall) Libinia nuttallii RanDALL, 1840, Journ, Acad. Nat. Sci, Philadelphia, VIII, 1839, Pl. m1. W.San Benito Island; March 9; 1 92 juv. Loxorhynchus grandis Stimpson 1857, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 85. Point San Bartholome; 1 @. This is farther south than the species has hitherto been recorded. Chorilia longipes Dana 1851, Amer. Journ. Sci., (2) XI, p. 269. W. of Point Buchon, California: Pine Mountain, N. 42° E.; lat. 35° 18’ 30” N., long. 121° 28’ W.; 440 fathoms; temp. 39.9° F.; April 27; station D5696;: loc? 1+. W. of San Nicolas Island, California: lat. 33° 13’ 30’ N., long. 120° 04’ 30’’ W.; 451 fathoms; April 26; station D5693; 4 3 2. Chionoecetes tanneri Rathbun 1893, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVI, p. 76, Pl. rv, figs. 1-4. Taken at the following localities off the California coast: Off Carmelo Bay: lat. 36° 30’ N., long. 122° W.; 659 fathoms; gn. M.; temp. 37.9° F.; April 27; station D5699; 7 9 @. Off Point Sur: Point Sur, N. 6° W.; Juniperro Mountain, N. 47° E.; lat. 35° 50’ N., long. 121° 49’ 30” W.; 475 fathoms; temp. 39.9° F.; April 27; station D5698; 8 Juv. W. of Piedras Blanca: Silver Peak, N. 40° E.; Pine Mountain, N. 75° E.; lat. 35° 35’ N., long. 121° 39.8’ W.; 485 fathoms; gn. M. bk. S.; temp. 39.8° F.; April 27; station D5697; 14 juv. W. of Point Buchon: Pine Mountain, N. 42° E.; lat. 35° 18’ 30” N., long. 121° 28’ W.; 440 fathoms; temp. 39.9° F.; April 27; station D5696; 2 large ovigerous 2, 2 %,3 2 immature, and 16 juv.: N. W. of San Nicolas Island: lat. 33° 33’ N., long. 120° 17’ 30” W.; 534 fathoms; gn. S. Glob.; temp. 38.9° F.; April 26; station D5695; 1 large o’, 4 juv. N. W. of San Nicolas Island: lat. 33° 24’ 36’’ N., long. 120° 12’ 30” W.; 640 fathoms; gn. M.; April 26; station D5694; 1 immature °, 1 juv. 1923] Rathbun, Brachyuran Crabs of West Coast of Mexico 635 The specimens are of various sizes and have very slender spines on the margins and also in the two dorsal branchial lines, one trans- verse, the other oblique. The slender meropodites of the legs are very narrow, not at all dilated, although tapering gradually to the distal end and are bristling with sharp spines especially on both margins. Length of largest specimen (male) on median line 124.4 mm., width between lower branchial margins (finely spined) 135 mm. Libinia setosa Lockington 1877, Proc. California Acad. Sci., VII, 1876, p. 68 [6]. Santa Maria Bay; with boat dredge; March 18; 1 2 2 13 juv. Without locality label; 4 juv. Thoe sulcata Stimpson 1860, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., VI, p. 177. San Francisquito Bay; beach; April9; 1. Pitho picteti (Saussure) Othonia picteti SAussuRE, 1853, Rev. et Mag. de Zool., (2) V, p. 357, Pl. x1m, fig. 2. Without locality label; 1 . Mithrax sinensis Rathbun 1892, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, p. 266, Pl. xxxvim, fig. 2. San Estaban Island; 1 o. Stenocionops triangulata (Rathbun) Pericera triangulata RaTHBUN, 1892, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XV, p. 246, Pl. xxxu, fig. 1. Magdalena Bay: Sail Rock, Entrada Point, 8S. 53° W.; Redondo Point, 5. 15° W.; lat. 24° 35’. 20” N., long. 111° 59’ 35” W.;. 13.5 fathoms; S. brk. Sh.; March 21; station D5678; 1 @ juv. Microphrys triangulatus (Lockington) ° Mithraculus triangulatus Locx1neton, 1877, Proc. California Acad. Sci., VII, 1876, P10 {14}; San Josef Island; March 31; 1 o&. Agua Verde Bay; April 2; 1 &. Without locality label; 1 7. Microphrys branchialis Rathbun 1898, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X XI, p. 577, Pl. xu, fig. 5. Magdalena Bay: Sail Rock, Entrada Point, S. 53° W.; Redondo Pomt, Sls Ww 7. tat. 24 30°20" N.; long. 111° 59’ 35” W.; 13:5 636 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History {Vol. XLVIII fathoms; 8S. brk. Sh.; March 21; station D5678; 1 immature a’, the chelipeds slightly developed, scarcely larger than the first ambulatory leg. List oF LARVAL Forms Dromidia larraburet Cape San Lucas, ship’s anchorage, taken by electric light; one megalops, 5 mm. long. (See Pl. X XXIII, fig. 4.) Point San Bartholome; one megalops, lacking chelipeds. Middle of east side of Cerros Island, March 12, one female, early postlarval stage. As D. larraburei is the only dromiid in the region, the identification of the above is reasonably certain. Carmen Island, southeast side, taken by electric light; one megalops, 2.9 mm. long. (See Pl. XX XIII, fig. 3.) This and the following forms are placed under Dromidia on account of the great development of the coxa of the hind legs. Cape San Lucas; 5 megalopa, 3mm. long. (See Pl. XX XIII, figs. 1 and 2.) Callinectes Cape San Lucas; 50+ megalopa, 5 mm. long. (See Pl. XXXVI, fig. 3.) Cape San Lucas; 50+ megalopa, of two sizes. Seem to be the same as the figured lot. Carmen Island, southeast side, taken by electric light; 50+ megalopa. Per- haps same as the two preceding lots. San Francisquito Bay, taken by electric light; about 10 megalopa, with legs broken off. Perhaps belong here. There are three species of Callinectes in the region; arcuatus, toxotes and bellicosus. The first two were described from Cape San Lucas; bellicosus is as near the Cape as La Paz on the one side and Magdalena Bay on the other. According to Dr. Fish, the megalopa figured is almost identical | with that of Callinectes sapidus of the Atlantic coast. Portunide, genus unknown, perhaps Callinectes Cape San Lucas; 3 megalopa, 6.6 mm. long. (See Pl. XXXVI, fig. 4.) Pliosoma (?), or Libinia (?) Carmen Island, southeast side; one megalops, 2.2 mm. long. (See Pl. XXXVI, fig. 2.) Dr. Fish says that this closely resembles an Atlantic species of Libinia. Pachygrapsus crassipes (?) Cape San Lucas; one megalops. Guadalupe Island, taken by electric light, March 3; 25+ megalopa, 6 mm. long. (See Pl. XXXIV, figs. 1 and 2.) The large size indicates a large species of Grapsoid. Sesarma (Holometopus) magdalenense Carmen Island, southeast side, taken by electric light; one megalops. 1923] Rathbun, Brachyuran Crabs of West Coast of Mexico 637 Cape San Lucas; 3 megalopa, 5.5 mm. long. (See Pl. XXXIV, figs. 3-5.) Cape San Lucas, ship’s anchorage, taken by electric light; 5 megalopa. The larve show (Pl. XXXIV, fig. 5) the humped movable finger peculiar to S. magdalenense (Pl. XXXII). Grapsoid. A pair of pigment spots on each abdominal somite. Point San Bartholome; one megalops. Benito Island; 6 megalopa, 5 mm. long. (See Pl. XXXV, figs. 4-6.) Grapsoid, different from the preceding. Body thick, color reddish in alcohol, speckled. Cape San Lucas; 20 megalopa, 2.3 mm. long. (See Pl. XX XV, figs. 1-3.) Libinia setosa Cape San Lucas; 4 megalopa, 3.15 mm. long. (See Pl. XXXVI, fig, 1.) Dr. Fish says that this is very similar to an Atlantic species of Libinia, the rostrum of which is more pointed. The only Libinia known from Cape San Lucas is L. setosa. Another Mexican form, L. mexicana, has been taken only at the extreme head of the Gulf of California. PLATE XXVI : ait Pliosoma parvifrons : erg aes. Fig. 1. Cape San Lucas, <7, carapace 20 mm. long, dorsal > Fig. 2. Same specimen, ventral view. Buuuetin A. M.N. H. Vou. XLVIII, Puare XXVI tw Fig. 1. view. Fig. 2. Puate XXVII Pilumnus spinohirsutus Female (Cat. No. 54763, U.S. N. M.), carapace 17.2 mm. long, dorsal Same specimen, ventral view. i) Buttetin A. M. N. H. VoL. XLVIII, Puatse XXVII Puate XXVIII Pilumnus townsendi Fig. 1. Female holotype, carapace 13.8 mm. long, dorsal view. The,second lateral tooth counting from the orbit is below the margin of the carapace. Fig. 2. Same specimen, ventral view. BuntetTin A. M.N.H. Vou. XLVIII, Puats XXVIII a Fig. 4. Grapsoid, megalops, unlike Fig. 1, Benito Island, carapace 5 mm. long, dorsal view. Fig. 5. Left cheliped of Fig. 4. ta) Fig. 6. Front view of Fig. 4. g Butuetin A. M.N. H. Vou. XLVIII Prats XXXV PuaTE XXXVI Fig. 1. Libinia setosa, megalops, Cape San Lucas, carapace 3.15 mm. long, dorsal view. Fig. 2. Pliosoma, megalops, Carmen Island, carapace 2.2 mm. long, dorsal view. Fig. 3. Callinectes, megalops, Cape San Lucas, carapace 5 mm. long, dorsal view. Fig. 4. Portunid, megalops, Cape San Lucas, carapace 6.6 mm. long, dorsal view. BE XXXVI Vou. XLVIII Puar ‘ t TC Resuu 3 OF THE EXpEpivt Fh ga = ’ Teck is . ~ . Te Pim lished by Permission of the U. S, Commissioner of Fisheries Bee BeaerN \ \ ‘ . ey ’ ~ xd = f y aay \ , THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL Histone. VoLumeE LI, 1925 59.7(72.2) Article I—DEEP SEA FISHES OF THE ‘ALBATROSS’ LOWER ' CALIFORNIA EXPEDITION! Puatses I tro IV anp 1 Map By CuHarutes H. TowNsEND AND JOHN T. NICHOLS The deep-sea fishes obtained by the ‘Albatross’ Expedition of 1911 to the Gulf of California were dredged,at twenty-six stations between Cape San Lucas, Lower California, and Monterey, California, all but four being within the 1000-fathom line of depth. The region covered by the dredgings, a thousand miles or more in © length, is, in general, rich in those forms of life characteristic of the “‘deep-sea’’ fauna. Both fishes and invertebrates, including those taken near shore at a depth no greater than 284 fathoms, were often found in abundance. The collection of fishes, numbering several hundred specimens, contains forty-nine species, of which only five are here described as new. This small proportion of new forms may be explained by the fact that the deep-sea fishes of this region are already well known from dredgings made by the ‘Albatross’ during many years of fishery service along the Pacific Coast. The large number of species discovered since 1888 indicates that the continental slope here has a fish fauna largely its own. While there is some mingling with the many forms now known from Alaskan depths, there is comparatively little identity with those taken southward from the Gulf of California and still less with the deep-water fishes of the Hawaiian region. 1Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Gulf of California in charge of C. H. Townsend, by the U. S. Fisheries Steamship ‘ Albatross,’ in 1911. Commander G. H. Burrage, U.S. N., Commanding. XIV. Published by permission of the U. S. Commissioner of Fisheries. 2 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. LIT Only a few fishes were taken in the four hauls deeper than 1000 fathoms, although invertebrates were well represented in number and species. The fishes are Raja microtrachys, Bathysaurus mollis, Narcetes stomias, Cyclothone acclinidens, Plectromus maaxillaris, Lycodapus fierasfer, Macrourus acrolepis, and Macrourus albatrossus. Single representatives of Atlantic and Antarctic genera, Cyema, Bathysaurus, and Harriotta, are new to eastern Pacific waters, the last being different from the Atlantic form. Deep-sea fishes were sometimes taken in considerable numbers; at station 5675 in 284 fathoms the dredge brought up fifty-nine Macrourus, eighteen Catulus, and one Nemichthys. From station 5682 in 491 fathoms, there are forty-four fishes repre- senting Macrourus, Merluccius, Alepocephalus, and Argyropelecus. Station 5693, in 457 fathoms, yielded thirty fishes of four genera. Station 5696, in 440 fathoms, yielded nine species of fishes. At most stations where fishes were taken there was a much greater weight and variety of invertebrates, good hauls of fishes, in fact, usually depending on the abundance and variety of invertebrate life as repre- sented by crustaceans, mollusks and annelids. Fishes were at times, however, dredged with quantities of invertebrates showing nothing more palatable than starfishes, sea urchins, and crinoids. It is probable that the deep-sea fishes already known to science represent but a moderate proportion of those that move aside from the path of the dredge, and that the discovery of other and larger forms awaits the use of some larger apparatus. It is of interest to note that at station 5674, in 590 fathoms, three © fishes, Plectromus, Cyclothone and Serrivomer came up alive, a most unusual occurrence in the case of fishes from such a depth. The differ- ence between bottom and surface temperature at this station was recorded as nineteen degrees. There is a difference of more than half a ton to the square inch in sea pressure between the bottom at 590 fathoms and the surface, while the difference in the amount of light would be equal to that between night and day. Such are the barriers between the deep-sea and the shore faunz, even at this moderate depth. The records of bottom temperature kept during the voyage show that, at depths greater than 500 fathoms, bottom temperatures ranged from 37 to 39 degrees. In depths between 300 and 500 fathoms, bottom temperatures were from 40 to 44 degrees. The greatest difference between bottom and surface tempera was found off Cape San Lucas, where at a depth of 630 fathoms the 1925] Townsend and Nichols, Fishes from Lower California 3 bottom temperature was 39 degrees, while at the surface it was 73 degrees. Bottom temperatures of 36 degrees were obtained by the Albatross in the lower part of the Gulf at depths of 1200 to 1500 fathoms. About ten miles off Cape San Lucas the 1000-fathom line turns away from the coast until in Lat. 23° 20’ N. it is sixty miles off-shore. At Magdalena Bay it lies about half that distance away. A hundred miles farther north it is 65 miles off, again approaching the coast within 25 miles off San Hipolito Bay. From this point northward to the San Benito Islands there are depths of 1000 fathoms within sight of land. North of the San Benitas the line lies farther off, trending nearer the coast at San Quentin. In the latitude of the United States and Mexican boundary the 1000-fathom line is more than 100 miles from the coast, passing from 20 to 40 miles outside of the islands of southern California. From Point Conception northward to near Monterey it lies at distances varying from 30 to 50 miles. Four hauls were made in depths exceeding 1000 fathoms, the deep- est being about 100 miles northwestward of Cape San Lucas in 1760 fathoms (two miles exactly), where the only fish taken was Bathysaurus mollis. The last dredge haul of the season was made about 35 miles south of Monterey in 659 fathoms. The 2000-fathom line of depth, still imperfectly known, is not far beyond the 1000-fathom line, its distance from it apparently ih seta less than the distance of the ie from the coast. While the 1000-fathom curve extends into the Gulf of California as far as 180 miles north of Cape San Lucas, deep-water dredging was not attempted there, the results obtained during two former voyages having yielded little of interest. During the voyage plaster casts of thirty-one deep-sea fishes in perfect condition were made by Mr. J. C. Bell, modeler of the Museum staff. Some of these yielded more exact measurements than the alcoholic specimens from which they were made when fresh. Photographs of the most interesting are reproduced herewith. The casts are of decided value as museum exhibits of deep-sea types, otherwise difficult to dis- play in attractive form.—C. H. T. 4 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. LIT DREDGING STATIONS U.S. 8. ‘ALBaTrRoss’ LowEeR CALIFORNIA CRUISE, 1911 DREDGING Lat. AND Lona. Date Farxnoms' Borrom STATIONS TEMP 5673 Sle 26000aNe 117° 42’ 00” W. Mar. 1 1090 ae 5674 31° 28’ 45’ N. 117° 09’ 50” W. Mar. 8 590 39.4 5675 ZIAOTO8@eNe 114° 33’ 10” W. . Mar..15 284 44.6 5676 PISS Bil! YY INL 113° 29’ 30” W. Mar. 17 645 39.0 5677 Dona Dae 11S setG 00/2 Wie | Miarwl7, 735 38.6 5678 24° 35/ 20” N. S597 35/ Wi, Mar w21 13% te 5679 an Aad INE 11223700 We) Mar. 22 325 44.1 5680 230401301 ONE AS We Misia 389 43.6 5681 DomoomlomeN: 111° 02’ 10’ W. Mar, 22 405 43.3 5682 22482075 Ne 109° 52’ 40” W. Mar. 24 491 40.8 5683 22° 46’ 45’ N. 109° 50’ 15’ W. Apr. 20 630 39.1 5684 Dom2ouoUaNeE 112° 00’ 30” W. Apr. 21 1760 5685 25° 42’ 45” N. 113° 38’ 30” W. Apr. 22 645 es 5686 26° 14’ 00” N. 114° 00’ 00’ W. Apr. 22 930 37. 5687 Dae Ay Way IN |e 115° 1600” W. Apr. 23 480 41.1 5688 Dilmaseao Ne 115° 17’ 40” W. Apr. 23 525 39.9 5689 292234002 INe 116° 14/00” W. Apr. 24 879 Stine 5690 29° 29’ 00” N. 116° 18’ 00” W. Apr. 24 1101 38.1 5691 31° 08’ 20” N. 118° 29’ 30” W. Apr. 25 868 eae, 5692 Sillee2ou SeaINe 118° 31’ 30" W. Apr. 25 1076 Sif olt 5693 SEY Way sO!" INT 120° 04’ 30” W. Apr. 26 451 5694 33, 24736" N. 120° 12730" W: Apr: 26 640 ae 5695 BE ay (0 INE 120° 17’ 30’ W. Apr. 26 534 38.9 5696 SoS ey SOY IN 121° 28’ 00’ W. Apr. 27 440 39.9 5697 355 a0) 00/N; 121° 39’ 00” W. Apr. 27 485 39.8 5698 35° 50’ 00” N. 121° 49’ 30” W. Apr. 27 475 39.9 5699 3651007307 N- 1220070077 W. Apr. 327, 659 37.9 Polistotrema curtiss-jamesi, new species The common hagfish, Polzstotrema stouti, is frequently recorded from depths down to several hundred fathoms, but perhaps specimens from the depths have not been carefully compared with those from shallow water. We have hagfish dredged from south of Monterey, California, to west of the Santa Barbara Islands, approximate latitudes 36° to 34°, depths of from 440 to 585 fathoms, as follows: one from station 5697 in 585 fathoms, one from station 5695 in 534 fathoms, three from station 5696 in 440 fathoms, and one from station 5698 in 475 fathoms, and these show constant differences which we here recognize as specific from P. stout?. They differ from it in two or three obvious proportional measurements as follows: 1925] Townsend and Nichols, Fishes from Lower California 5 Head to first branchial aperture contained between 5 and 6, versus 4}, times in total length; branchial region between 6 and 7, versus 8. Anal fin and abdominal keel uniform in color, lacking the pale edge. Branchial apertures 10 to 11. All are full-grown specimens—that from Sta. 5695, 15 inches total length; the stations are from Santa Barbara Islands to near Monterey. The type, No. 8341, American Museum of Natural History, collected by the ‘Albatross’ Lower California Expedition of 1911 off Central California, between Monterey Bay and Pt. Conception, Sta. 5697, 585 fath., April 27, 1911, is 15% inches in total length. Snout, 18 times in total length; head to first branchial aperture, 6; branchial region, 6; tail, 634. Depth at beginning of abdominal keel, 24% in head. Dorsal and anal confluent with caudal, which is rounded, depth of this compound fin, 2in head. Dorsal extending as a low keel to before vent; abdominal keel to a distance back of last branchial aperture equalling depth of body at that point. Branchial apertures 11. Uniform dark plum color, including fins, the barbels paler. Fig. 1. Polistotrema curtiss-jamesi. Type. Directly compared with a specimen of P. stout? (No. 2702 American Museum of Natural History) of the same length taken in Monterey Bay by E. C. Starks. All our six specimens (as well as the specimen of P. stouti with which they have been compared) have only the last branchial aperture of the left side conspicuously enlarged. Named for Mr. Arthur Curtiss James, of New York. Catulus xaniurus Gilbert A number of specimens (18) from station 5675, approximate lati- tude 27°, in 284 fathoms, off the middle of the west coast of Lower California. The largest of these measures 18 inches. Catulus brunneus Gilbert One small specimen from station 5696 (north of Pt. Conception, California) in 440 fathoms, approximate latitude 35°. 6 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. LIT Catulus cephalus Gilbert One specimen from station 5680 in 389 fathoms and several from station 5681 in 405 fathoms; approximate latitude 24°, north of Cape San Lucas on the west coast of Lower California. Raja trachura Gilbert A male specimen 28 inches long, from station 5694 (southwest of Santa Barbara Islands, California, approximate latitude 33°), in 640 fathoms. This differs from the type of R. trachura, apparently the only speci- men of that fish previously described, 18 inches long and probably a female (though we find no definite statement to that effect), in several particulars which can be referred to age and sex. Eye smaller, 175 in interorbital, 4 in snout. No tubercle in center of back between shoulders. A conspicuous patch of erectile hooks on the pectoral, consisting of 22 rows, with five spines in the longest of these. No median dorsal spines forward of pectoral angle. Color, fresh, plumbeous. Raja microtrachys Osburn and Nichols The type of R. microtrachys is from station 5673 (southwest of San Diego, California, approximate latitude 31°) in 1090 fathoms, and is so tagged. Osburn and Nichols erroneously attributed it to Guadaloupe Island, the nearest shore station where collecting was done by the ‘Alba- tross’ at this time, due to its having in some way become confused with the shore material. So few specimens of deep-water skates allied to this and the preced- ing have been collected that it is impossible to state with certainty how many species should be recognized. Color, fresh, dark grayish brown. Harriotta curtiss-jamesi, new species A single specimen of Harriotta six inches in total length and the first fish of this genus to be recorded in the eastern Pacific is very similar to Harriotta raleighiana, from the Atlantic, as described by Goode and Bean in ‘Oceanic Ichthyology.’ Its eye is notably larger and the species apparently a smaller fish than its Atlantic representative. This specimen (No. 8342, American Museum of Natural History) is from station 5685, 645 fathoms, about 26° N. lat., off Lower California. Four specimens of H. raleighiana are described; three of these similar, supposed to represent the adult form (of which the largest was 1925] Townsend and Nichols, Fishes from Lower California 7 25 inches, the smallest about one foot in length) and it is these that our specimen closely resembles. The fourth specimen of raleighiana, a young one four inches long, was quite dissimilar. It might be argued that our young fish was of minimum size for the adult form of this previously described species and that the eye would become relatively smaller with growth. However, the four-inch Atlantic fish just referred to had a small eye and, if we are to accept it as the young of the same species represented by larger Atlantic specimens, this little Pacific specimen is not the same. It might reasonably be supposed that, if allied, it would be recognizably different. Fig. 2. Harriotta curtiss-jamesi. Type. We find it shows the following discrepancies with the description of Harriotta raleighiana. The interval between the two dorsal fins is two-thirds the diameter of the eye instead of nearly the diameter of the eye; the height of the second dorsal is two-thirds of the diameter of the eye instead of equaling the diameter of the eye; the length of the second dorsal is contained one and a half times in the head, instead of equaling the head; the ventrals extend to a point just short of the end of the second dorsal, instead of only to a point two-thirds of the distance between its origin and end; they measure a little more than two-thirds of the snout instead of a little less than half the snout; the eye is contained a scant three times in the snout instead of five and a half times in the larger specimens, four and a half times in the one of about a foot length, and in the young one of about four inches the eye is appreciably larger than the inter- orbital. Otherwise this fish agrees closely with the figures and description of Harriotta raleighiana, having the same filamentous tail, long leaflike snout, arrangement of lateral lines, spines on the head and back, proportions and relative position of fins, shape of body, etc. It is black in color. 8 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. LII Named for Mr. Arthur Curtiss James through whose munificence the Museum was enabled to participate in the Lower California Expedi- tion. Alepocephalus tenebrosus, Gilbert Plate II, Figure 1 Specimens from stations 5682, 5685, 5688 in 491 to 645 fathoms, and two others too imperfect to be determinable with certainty from stations 5683 and 5694 in 630 to 640 fathoms. The above stations range from approximate latitudes 28° off Pt. San Bartholome to 23° off Cape San Lucas, Lower California, with the exception of the last named which is farther north, approximate latitude 33°, southwest of the Santa Barbara Islands, California. Color, fresh, entirely black (station 5682). Five specimens, station 5688, pebbly bottom, head deep blue-black, body lighter. Alepocephalide BAJACALIFORNIA, hew genus Body covered with small thin cycloid scales. Ventrals well developed. Mouth moderately wide, larger than in Alepocephalus. Lower jaw strongly projecting, ending in a pointed knob directed obliquely forward. Edge of jaws with a single row of small teeth. Gill openings wide, membranes joined below, free from isthmus. Dorsal and anal short, of about equal length, anal origin behind middle of dorsal. Named for the peninsula of Lower California. Based on the fol- lowing new species. Bajacalifornia burragei, new species The type and only specimen (No. 8343, American Museum of Natural History) collected by the ‘Albatross’ Expedition of 1911 off Todos Santos Bay, Lower California, station 5674, approximate latitude 31°, 590 fathoms, is 434 inches long to base of . caudal (which is broken). Head, 3% in length to base of caudal; depth 5}4. Eye, 34 in head; maxillary, 24; snout, 3; interorbital space, ) eye. Mandible projecting a distance equal diameter of pupil. Origin of dorsal equi- distant from base of caudal and margin of preopercle. Base of ventral equidistant from base of caudal and center of eye. Origin of anal slightly behind center of dorsal. Greatest depth at back of head. Eye impinging on upper outline of head. A distinct ridge over each eye. Interorbital narrowly concave. Snout rather broad and rounded in cross section, concave in profile. Maxillary wide, barely reaching center of eye. Mandible with a pointed knob at symphasis directed forward and downward. Width of snout 7% diameter of eye. Width of posterior end of maxillary 3 eye. Color uni- form black. Dorsal, 16; anal, 13; pectoral, 17; ventral, 10. Named for Commander G. H. Burrage, U. 8. N., commanding the ‘Albatross’ in 1911. Baa ok ~ cm. Type. Vig. 3. Bajacalifornia burragei. 10 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. LII Narcetes stomias (Gilbert) One specimen fifteen inches long from station 5692, approximate latitude 31°, 1076 fathoms, southwest of San Diego, ,California, un- questionably represents Gilbert’s stomzas, but seems to belong in Narcetes rather than Bathytroctes. Garman’s Narcetes pleuriserialis is not very different and may be the same. ; Color, fresh, body and caudal dusky black, head blue-black. Bathysaurus mollis Giinther Plate I, Figure 1 ‘ One from station 5684, in 1760 fathoms. The only fish from this station, which is off the west coast of southern Lower California, approxi- mate latitude 23°. It is 174 inches long to base of caudal. Although we can find no character to separate our fish from mollis, we give herewith a detailed description of this interesting specimen. Head, 414 in length to base of caudal; depth, 744; eye, 744 in head. Dorsal with 15 rays; anal 12; ventral 8. Scales (estimated) 100. Width of head \ its length; gape 644 in total length of fish. Teeth slightly barbed. Gape extending behind eye for a distance much greater than interorbital width; equaling distance from center of eye to snout. Dorsal inserted 1% times the length of its base behind snout. Length of fourth dorsal ray slightly greater than that of maxillary. Mandible projecting beyond snout a distance equal to width of pupil. Maxillary 14 in head. Interorbital width 544 in head. Seven to 8 large oval pores on mandible, elongated except the two anterior ones. Head naked, except cheeks and nape. Adipose dorsal present, half-way between origin of ventral and base of caudal. Anal inserted behind dorsal a distance equal to the length of its own base. Anal base 1% in dorsal base. Ventral, pectoral and dorsal rays equal in length, °¢ of head. Color ” white, lining of gill cavity black. Myctophum californiense Eigenmann and Eigenmann A specimen from station 5695 (southwest of the Santa Barbara Islands, approximate latitude 34°) in 534 fathoms. Nannobrachium leucopsarum (Higenmann and Eigenmann) A specimen from station 5693, southwest of the Santa Barbara Islands, California, in 451 fathoms; one from station 5694 in 640 fathoms; and a third (imperfect) from station 5697 between Monterey and Pt. Conception, California, in 485 fathoms, latitudes 36° to 33°. Nannobrachium regale (Gilbert) One large and one small specimen from station 5693, southwest of the Santa Barbara Islands, California, in 451 fathoms, and a small one from station 5695 in 534 fathoms, approximate latitudes 33° to 34°. 1925] Townsend and Nichols, Fishes from Lower California 11 Scopelengys dispar Garman One each from station 5687, off Pt.San Bartholome, Lower California, in 480 fathoms, and station 5677, somewhat farther south, in 735 fathoms, approximate latitudes 28° to 25°. Cyclothone acclinidens Garman One each from station 5693, 451 fathoms, and station 5692, 1076 fathoms; two from station 5687, 480 fathoms; southwest of the Santa Barbara Islands, California, to off Pt. San Bartholome, Lower California, approximate latitudes 33° to 28°. These fragile specimens are apparently acclinidens of Garman, which possibly may be what earlier authors have identified as Pacific microdon. Chauliodus sloanei Bloch and Schneider One from station 5697 (south of Monterey, California, approximate latitude 36°), in 485 fathoms, not in good condition. Argyropelecus lichnus Garman One taken at station 5682, in 491 fathoms. Argyropelecus affinis Garman A specimen from station 5691, in 868 fathoms (off TodosSantos Bay, Lower California, approximate latitude 31°), and another from station 5686, in 930 fathoms (off Balenas Bay, approximate latitude 26°). Halosaurus attenuatus Garman One from station 5676 (approximate latitude 26°, off Pt. San Juanico, Lower California), 645 fathoms. Identification somewhat uncertain owing to mutilation of specimen. Venefica tentaculata Garman Four specimens of this genus we refer to this single variable species. All approximate Garman’s description thereof, and differ from V. ocella chiefly in having a decidedly shorter tentacle on snout. All are from near the same locality, approximate latitudes 25° to 26°, off Pt. San Juanico, Lower California, 647 to 735 fathoms. One from station 5677, in 735 fathoms, 28 inches long, has well- developed caudal, equaling % snout. One from station 5676, 647 . _ fathoms, 30 inches long has less developed caudal equaling % snout. 12 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. LII Another from the same station, 29 inches long, has whip-like caudal region and very narrow caudal equaling % snout. One from station 5685, in 645 fathoms, 23% inches long, has wide and heavy caudal and much the broadest caudal region, caudal 1% times snout. Serrivomer sector Garman A specimen nineteen inches long from station 5674, approximate latitude 31°, off Todos Santos Bay, 590 fathoms, and a second somewhat imperfect one from station 5683, off Cape San Lucas, approximate latitude 23°, 630 fathoms, are obviously this species of Garman, which, as Gilbert suggests (‘Deep Sea Fishes of the Hawaiian Islands,’ p. 586), may be identical with S. beani of the Atlantic. Nemichthys fronto Garman One from station 5685 southwest of Balenas Bay, approximate latitude 26° in 284 fathoms, and one from station 5687 off Pt. San Bartholome, approximate latitude 28°, in 480 fathoms. Cyema atrum Giinther One specimen from station 5691, 868 fathoms (approximate latitude 31°, off Todos Santos Bay, Lower California). Color, fresh, entirely black. This is the first record of the occurrence of this genus in eastern Pacific waters. Plectromus |Melamphes] maxillaris Garman A specimen from station 5695 (near the Santa Barbara Islands, California, approximate latitude 34°) in 534 fathoms, and one from station 5692 (west of San Diego, California, approximate latitude 31°) in 1076 fathoms. A third specimen of this genus from station 5675 is too mutilated for specific determination. Color, fresh, black (station 5692). Plectromus [Melamphas| cristiceps Gilbert Plate II, Figure 2 Specimens from station 5674, off Todos Santos Bay, Lower Cali- fornia in 590 fathoms; station 5687, off Pt. St. Bartholome in 480 fathoms; station 5691, off Todos Santos Bay, in 868 fathoms; and one of 5% inches length to base of caudal, station 5674, 590 fathoms. Others from station 5688, 525 fathoms; 5693, 451 fathoms; 5685, 645 1925} Townsend and Nichols, Fishes from Lower California 13 fathoms; and 5677 in 734 fathoms, probably represent the same species, but are not in condition for definite specific determination. Approximate latitudes of these stations run from 33° to 25°, depths from 451 to 868 fathoms. Color, fresh, black (station 5685). Plectromus [Melamphes] lugubris Gilbert Two of about 3% inches total length from station 5683 in 630 fathoms off Cape San Lucas, approximate latitude 23°. Sebastolobus alascanus Bean Plate II, Figure 3 Numerous specimens from station 5694, off the Santa Barbara Islands, approximate latitude 33° in 640 fathoms. Sebastolobus altivelis Gilbert Numerous specimens from station 5693, off the Santa Barbara Islands, in 451 fathoms (approximate latitude 33°). One from station 5683, off Cape San Lucas, 630 fathoms (approximate latitude 23°). It would seem from the above that, for the same latitude, altzvelis occurs in shallower water than alascanus. There is also Sebastolobus material from several other stations show- ing intergradation between the two forms. From station 5695 (approxi- mate latitude 34°), off the Santa Barbara Islands, in the intermediate depth of 534 fathoms we have two typical altivelis, two specimens which are altivelis except for having sixteen dorsal spines, characteristic of alascanus, one is an alascanus except for fifteen dorsal spines character- istic of altivelis, and another with fifteen spines has the longest spine of intermediate length. From station 5696 (approximate latitude 35°) north of Point Con- ception, in 440 fathoms, eight specimens are referable to altivelis, but one has sixteen spines, two others have the longest spine 2.2 and 2.3 in head respectively, which is a little short for that species. On the other hand, three specimens from station 5699 (approximate latitude 36°), south of Monterey, California, in 659 fathoms, are inter- mediate, dorsal spines 16 in one, 15 in two, the longest spine 2.3 to 2.4 in head. A specimen from station 5697 (approximate latitude 36°) in 485 fathoms has dorsal XV, spine of intermediate length. Of two specimens from station 5698 (approximate latitude 36°), south of Monterey, in 475 fathoms, one is an altivelis, the other an 14 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. LII alascanus (with longest dorsal spine 2.8 in head, but spines XV). Five others appear to be alascanus, but these are small, averaging 3 inches in length, and small specimens, of which we have a number from the other stations, have been excluded from the above discussion, where they might cause confusion due to our uncertainty regarding age changes. To sum up, north of Pt. Conception, coastwise in latitude 36°, depths 475 to 659 fathoms, both species occur (at 475 fathoms) but inter- mediates are the rule. South of Pt. Conception off the Sta. Barbara Islands (latitude 33°) we find alascanus (described from Alaska in 159 fathoms) at 640 fathoms, intermediates at 534 fathoms, altivelis (described from Alaska in 625 fathoms) at 451 fathoms; and we have a single specimen of altivel’s off Cape San Lucas (latitude 23°) in 630 fathoms. Color, fresh, uniformly rose red. Zesticelus profundorum Gilbert Two small specimens from station 5695, southwest of the Santa Barbara Islands (approximate latitude 34°), in 534 fathoms. Liparis osborni, new species The type (No. 8344, American Museum of Natural History) is our only specimen, collected by the ‘Albatross’ Lower California Expedition of 1911, north of Pt. Concep- tion, California (approximate latitude 35°), station 5696 in 440 fathoms. Head, 3% Fig. 4. Liparis osborni. Type. in standard length; depth, 4%; eye, 5% in head; snout, 34; maxillary, 244; inter- orbital, 344; pectoral from its upper axil, 1%; length of disk, 3; longest dorsal ray, 3%; longest anal ray 3!4; cuadal, 2%. Dorsal with 44 rays; anal with 39. Body swollen in front of anal fin, thence compressed, slender, tapering backward; nape gibbous, profile concave above eye; interorbital flat. Gill opening moderately wide, its width equal to snout, extending for ¥ of its length below upper edge of pectoral. Lower rays of pectoral produced in a pointed lobe which reaches vent. Vent equidistant from front of anal and front of disk. Dorsal and anal adnate to caudal for 4% its length. Dorsal origin behind nape, almost directly over the membranous tip of opercle. Caudal narrow, subtruncate, scarcely rounded at tip. Color in spirits whitish, in life uniformly pink. 1925] Townsend and Nichols, Fishes from Lower California 15 Named for President Henry Fairfield Osborn of The American Museum of Natural History, a promoter of the ‘Albatross’ Expedition of 1911. Careproctus melanurus Gilbert Plate III, Figure 1 One from station 5693, off the Santa Barbara Islands, approximate latitude 33°, in 451 fathoms. Color, fresh, pink. Paraliparis cephalus Gilbert One from station 5696, approximate latitude 35° (north of Pt. Conception) in 440 fathoms. Embryx crassilabris (Gilbert) Plate III, Figure 2. A specimen ten inches in length from station 5694, approximate latitude 33° (off the Santa Barbara Islands) in 640 fathoms. Color, fresh, black. Bothracara mollis Bean Plate I, Figure 2 A small specimen from station 5699 in 475 fathoms south of Mon- terey (approximate latitude 36°), and one ten inches long from station 5697, 485 fathoms, a few miles farther south. Melanostigma pammelas Gilbert One from station 5693 off the Santa Barbara Islands (approximate latitude 33°) in 451 fathoms. Color, fresh, jet-black. Lepophidium emmelas (Gilbert) Numerous specimens representing four stations off the west coast of Lower California as follows: 5675, 5679, 5680, 5681. Approximate lati- tudes range from 27° (in 284 fathoms) to 24° (in 325 to 405 fathoms). Color, fresh, pink above, belly bluish, iris whitish (station 5681). Lycodapus dermatinus Gilbert One from station 5696 north of Pt. Conception, California (approxi- mate latitude 35°) in 440 fathoms. 16 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. LIT Lycodapus fierasfer Gilbert One from station 5692 west of San Diego California (approximate latitude 31°) in 1076 fathoms. Color, fresh, head black, body pale. Meebia promelas Gilbert Plate III, Figure 3 Three specimens from off the west coast of Lower California, approximate latitudes 31° to 26°, from stations 5676, 645 fathoms, 5689 679 fathoms, and 5692, 1076 fathoms. Merluccius productus (Ayres) Fourteen specimens from station 5682, in 491 fathoms, of Cape San Lucas (approximate latitude 23°). Color, fresh, silvery, top of head and fins blackish. Antimora microlepis Bean Five specimens from as many different stations (5687, 5693, 5694, 5695, 5696) these being in approximate latitudes 35° (north of Pt. Con- ception) to 33° (off the Santa Barbara Islands, California) and 28° off northern Lower California, in depths of 440 to 640 fathoms. Color fresh, pale bluish gray (station 5692, specimen 10% inches). Macrourus acrolepis Bean Plate IV, Figure 1 Numerous specimens representing various stations as follows: 5673, 5689, 5692, 5694, 5695, 5698, 5699. Obtained from southwest of Monterey, California, approximate latitude 36°, 649 fathoms; south to approximate latitude 29° off northern Lower California, and from depths of 534 to 1090 fathoms. Color, fresh, dark grayish brown (5673). One very large specimen (station 5672) 1 foot 10 inches long, brownish dusky. ; Six large specimens, station 5695, plumbeous black, lighter on belly. Macrourus stelgidolepis Gilbert Five specimens about 10 inches longfrom station 5675 off the west coast of Lower California, approximate latitude 27°, in 284 fathoms. Fresh specimens dark slaty in color. 1925] Townsend and Nichols, Fishes from Lower California vs Macrourus albatrossus, new species Plate IV, Figure 2 A single specimen (No. 8345, American Museum of Natural History) from station 5692, approximate latitude 31°, west-southwest of San Diego in 1076 fathoms, is clearly different from our other species of Macrourus, apparently a representative of a deeper water species. It is not in the best state of preservation, and, although we cannot match it with the description of any known form, we would hesitate to describe it as new were it not that a very satisfactory description can be drawn up with the aid of a plaster cast made of it when caught. Head, 54 in total length; depth, 640. Eye, snout and interorbital equal, 3% in head; maxillary, 244; ventral, including filamentous ray, apparently 1; depth at origin 2nd dorsal, 2. Mouth to snout 2 in eye; base of first dorsal 244 in dorsal inter- space. First dorsal with 10 soft rays; anal 101-105. Orbit impinging on upper profile, its rim slightly raised; interorbital flat; low median ridge on snout ending in a slight knob; suborbital ridge low and rounded ending in a slight knob on side of snout; snout short, broad, blunt; a short low ridge on head above posterior margin of each eye. Height of dorsal slightly exceeding eye and snout; length of pectoral about the same. Origin of first dorsal slightly behind and origin of ventral slightly before origin of pectoral. Second dorsal very low. Depth of body equal to the distance from front of mouth to edge of opercle. Scales ridged, the ridges low, about five to a scale on the back. Named for the good ship ‘Albatross.’ Lionurus liolepis Gilbert Numerous specimens representing various stations as follows: 5675, 5676, 5682, 5683, 5688, 5697, from north of Point Conception, California, to Cape San Lucas, Lower California, at depths of from 284 to 645 fathoms. Color, fresh, bluish black (5682). Embassichthys bathibius (Gilbert) Plate IV, Figure 3 Four large specimens from depths of 440 to 659 fathoms. Stations 5694, 5696, 5697, 5699, south of Monterey to the Santa Barbara Islands, California. From station 5696, 440 fathoms, north of Pt. Conception, Cali- fornia, there is also a juvenal individual 2% inches total length. This is more slender than the adults, depth 2.5 in length. Color, fresh, black with gray mottling. 18 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. LII Malthopsis erinacea Garman Plate I, Figure 3 Four specimens from station 5676 in 645 fathoms; and another in too poor condition for positive determination from station 5685 in 645 fathoms. The two stations are near together off the middle of Lower California, approximate latitude 26°. Color, fresh, slaty (station 5685). Dibranchus hystrix Garman One from station 5683, off Cape San Lucas, in 630 fathoms. SUMMARY The following forms are new. New GENUS Bajacalifornia New SPEcIES Polistotrema curtiss-jamesi Harriotta curtiss-jamest Bajacalifornia burraget Liparis osborni Macrourus albatrossus List of Stations with Species Collected at Each STaTIonN FatTHoms 5673 1090 Macrourus acrolepis Raja microtrachys 5674 590 Serrivomer sector Plectromus cristiceps Bajacalifornia burraget 5675 284 Catulus xaniurus Nemichthys fronto Macrourus stelgidolepis Lionurus liolepis Plectromus, sp. Lepophidium emmelas 5676 645 Halosaurus attenuatus Venefica tentaculata Mebia promelas Tionurus liolepis Malthopsis erinacea 5677 735 Scopelengys dispar Venefica tentaculata Plectromus cristiceps 1925} Townsend and Nichols, Fishes from Lower California . tg List of Stations with Species Collected at Each (Continued) STATION 5679 5680 5681 5682 5683 5684 5685 5686 5687 5688 5689 5690 5691 5692 5693 FATHOMS 325 389 405 491 630 1760 645 930 480 525 679 868 1076 451 Lepophidium emmelas Lepophidium emmelas Catulus cephalus Lepophidium emmelas Catulus cephalus Alepocephalus tenebrosus Argyropelecus lichnus Merluccius productus Lionurus liolepis Serrivomer sector Plectromus lugubris Lionurus liolepis Dibranchus hystrix Sebastolobus altivelis Alepocephalus tenebrosus Bathysaurus mollis Alepocephalus tenebrosus Harriotta curtiss-jamesi Venefica tentaculata Plectromus cristiceps Malthopsis erinacea Argyropelecus affinis Scopelengys dispar . Cyclothone acclinidens Nemichthys fronto Plectromus cristiceps Antimora microlepis Alepocephalus tenebrosus Plectromus cristiceps Lionurus liolepis Macrourus acrolepis Mebia promelas (No fishes) Cyema atrum Argyropelecus affinis Plectromus cristiceps Plectromus macxillaris Macrourus acrolepis Macrourus albatrossus Narcetes stomias Lycodapus fierasfer Cyclothone acclinidens Sebastolobus altivelis , Antimora microlepis Nannobrachium leucopsarum 20 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. LII List of Stations with Species Collected at Each (Continued) STATION 5694 5694 5695 5696 5697 5698 5699 FATHOMS 640 640 534 440 485 475 659 Nannobrachium regale Cyclothone acclinidens Plectromus cristiceps Careproctus melanurus Melanostigma pammelas Macrourus acrolepis Alepocephalus tenebrosus Raja trachura Nannobrachium leucopsarum Sebastolobus alascanus Embassichthys bathibius Antimora microlepis Embryx crassilabris Myctophum californiense Zesticelus profundorum Polistotremus curtiss-jamesi Nannobrachium regale Plectromus mazillaris Antimora microlepis Macrourus acrolepis Embassichthys bathibius Paraliparis cephalus Liparis osborni Sebastolobus altivelis Polistotremus curtiss-jamest Catulus brunneus Lycodapus dermatinus Antimora microlepis Embassichthys bathibius Polistotrema curtiss-jamest Nannobrachium, leucopsarum Sebastolobus altivelis Bothrocara mollis Lionurus liolepis Embassichthys bathibius Chauliodus sloanet Polistotrema curtiss-jamest Sebastolobus altivelis Macrourus acrolepis Sebastolobus altivelis Bothrocara mollis Macrourus acrolepis Embassichthys bathibius Ne BVOTNIS, WOduveo10do; OdWVEVIDY HOIDYNO! NYS) “eS99403: “Ald AMD0% “a divay, aH cage QN3SNMOL'H'D JO NOILOATMIG FHL Y3aNN NGINI NOILIGAdXA SSOYLVEIV JHL 40 JLNOY ONIMOHS NOIS3SY VINYOSINVS Y3MOT JHL JO dVW ren uaa p AV® ogy5 wes 70 7000 FATH LINE 9E/ ors) 0 'Logqvus., viwsou wis NLL 13d Nv vr \ VINYO4IIVOS a3 my 08 48960 sige 889Sd 56 UTI v1 307 FOr ocor oor owr ‘T3adn vay “@SOLNYS soao ‘e~ OE Ve. Rs W355 PR oN owe 09310 Nvs / J un uw / = EE fs be Pence NWS 7 va = 6, VNITWLV9 WLS wer i QI pn Ns H ' i t 7 ns lst ' +947 / 1 i Ove °a695a : ~N io see pie 7” T69sa re v6 / AWUALNOW 40 Ava / eeu / ove eare w o> “eu Bt) + a —J p * ? . 4 ¥ j ai r 2 yo hts ‘ 7 — : : Pere 3 oe 4 ay a . By \. - fe M ' ' aS i ' ¢ ’ i : pees “ ' = oo \ - > a - 1 a i / 1 « ae ‘ + : y 1 i] — ’ % 7 s ‘ ' , - ‘ 7 + ri 4 = Ss ule ‘ 5 4 ;@ fe 7 < k 3 a PLATES Taq iv, 2.1% x se 8 t eh fa Pye “ab os ’ ’ ‘ = ~ ’ - p my _- yt dat ae AP ‘ f , eck Las RS Ten Ba 5 ic behead oro PuiaTE I Fig. 1. Bathysaurus mollis Giinther. Fig. 2. Bothrocara mollis Bean. Fig. 3. Malthopsis erinacea Garman. Butuetin A, M,N. H. Vou. LII, Puate I PuateE II Fig. 1. Alepocephalus tenebrosus Gilbert, Fig. 2. Plectromus cristiceps Gilbert. Fig, 3. Sebastolobus alascanus Bean, LII, Puate II VOL. Bees | eee" he eee ters Puate IIT Fig. 1. Careproctus melanurus Gilbert. . _ Fig. 2. Embryx crassilabris (Gilbert), Fig. 3. Mebia promelas Gilbert. Sa 7 "8 ‘ 7 Fy ed. Ss ee < - E. 1 ) ‘ i i yi i : ‘ As a, 7 i ae 7 - i Jas a _— - ‘Ss ee or . n Butietin A. M. N. H. Vou. LII, Puars III PuatTEe IV Fig. 1. Macrourus acrolepis Bean. Fig. 2... Macrourus albatrossus Townsend and Nichols, type. Fig. 3. Embassichthys bathibius (Gilbert). Buutuetin A. M. N. H. Vou. LII, Puatse IV a oo 7 a | N f 5 : a 2 A ne ri em i Ae SHIP AusiarnoKs, a 1911. ConstaNen G H. genes TSN es The emg Colac by 1 the { 59.53,71(72.2 Article I1.—THE AMPHIPODA COLLECTED BY THE UNITED STATES FISHERIES STEAMER ‘ALBATROSS’ IN<1914, JF CHIEFLY IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA! By CLARENCE R. SHOEMAKER While the collection of Amphipods procured on this cruise of the ‘Albatross’ is comparatively small, it has, nevertheless, been found to contain a large percentage of new forms. As this is the first collection of Amphipods to be worked up from this little-known region, it is not surprising that many new forms should appear. Among the one hundred and sixty-seven specimens of the collection, thirteen families, sixteen genera, and sixteen species are represented. Three genera and eight species are new to science. The genus Batea was described in 1865 by Fritz Miiller from the coast of Brazil, and it is now for the first time reported from the West Coast of North America. The hyperiid genera Anchylomera, Symprone, Lycexa, Platyscelus, Tetrathyrus, and Amphithyrus also are new records for the West Coast. List OF SPECIES COLLECTED Heterophoxus pennatus, new species. Pichilinque Bay. Paraphoxus spinosus Holmes. Carmen Island. (Ediceropsoides abyssorum, new species. Sta. D. 5689. Batea rectangulata, new species. San Francisquito Bay. Elasmopus species. Sta. D. 5678. Bemlos macromanus, new species. No definite locality. Vibilia californica Holmes. Agua Verde Bay. + ms Carmen Island. ‘Guadalupe Island. Hyperia species. San Josef Island. + $s Carmen Island. Anchylomera blossevillii M.-Edw. Cape San Lucas. Symprone anomala, new species. Cape San Lucas. rf aS a i Agua Verde Bay. Brachyscelus crusculum Bate. Carmen Island. _ ‘i & San Josef Island. ie é ke Cape San Lucas. Agua Verde Bay. Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Gulf of California in charge of C. H. Townsend, by the U. S. Fisheries Steamship ‘Albatross,’ in 1911. Commander G. H. Burrage, U. S. N., commanding. XV. Published by permission of the U. S. Commissioner of Fisheries. 21 “ee “c “ “ce “c “ De, Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. LII Lycxa bajensis, new species. San Josef Island. e es gs ce Cape San Lucas. e oe . Carmen Island. Parascelus zebu Stebbing. Carmen Island. Platyscelus dubius, new species. Cape San Lucas. ss a M z Carmen Island. a iy ts ss San Josef Island. es Sf f is Agua Verde Bay. Tetrathyrus sancti-josephi, new species. San Josef Island. ie Y 2 % Agua Verde Bay. ae - a as - Carmen Island. Amphithyrus orientalis Stebbing. San Josef Island. GAMMARIDEA Phoxocephalidze HETEROPHOXUS, new genus Body not very broad. Head with evenly vaulted hood, not carinate or deflexed. Eyes well-developed. Side-plates plumose, fourth broadly produced backward, fifth with oblique hind lobe. Eyes very large, oval, black. Antenna 1 in Q, first joint very large, flagellum in & with calceoli and sensory clubs. Antenna 2 in 0, lower anterior corner of second joint produced into a prominent lobe, flagellum nearly as long as body, fifth joint and flagellum with calceoli. Mandible, cutting edge and spine-row well developed, accessory cutting plate present, molar feeble, tipped with three spine-teeth, palp linear with few setz, third joint very little shorter than second. Maxilla 1, palp 1-jointed, well developed, inner plate well developed with two sete. Maxilla 2, plates subequal. Maxilliped, outer plate reaching nearly to middle of second joint of palp, inner plate obtusely rounded at apex, third joint of palp not produced, fourth very short, tipped at apex with two long curved spines. Gnatho- pods and perzopods much as in Harpinia. Perzeopod 3, second joint not expanded. Pereopod 4 much longer than the rest, second joint narrowed distally. Perzopod 5 rather small, second joint much expanded. Uropod 3 in & well developed, outer ramus the shorter and both rami bearing long, plumose sete. Telson rather short and broad, cleft a little over half its length, lobes broadly rounded apically. Heterophoxus pennatus, new species Type Locatiry.—Pichilinque Bay, Gulf of California, March 28-29, 1911, electric light; 2 specimens (1 &@ type). Mate.—Head with evenly vaulted hood, broadly rounded in front and reaching just beyond the end of the second joint of antenna 1, postero-antennal angles quad- rate. Eyes large, oval, black, and nearly meeting at top of head. Antenna 1, first joint very large, provided on the lower anterior corner with numerous sensory bristles and several plumose sete, second joint about half the length and width of first, third joint about half the length and width of second, flagellum about the length of the first joint of the peduncle and composed of eight joints which are provided with sensory clubs and a few calceoli, accessory flagellum half the length of the primary and composed of five joints. Antenna 2 nearly as lofig as the entire animal, second joint Fig. 1. Heterophorus pennatus, new species Mate.—a, antenna 1; b, antenna 2; c, gnathopod 1; d, gnathopod 2; e, pereopod 2; f, uropod 3, right side; g, end of outer ramus of uropod 3 showing minute second joint. 23 Fig. 2. Heterophoxus pennatus, new species MaLe.—a, pereopod 1; 6b, pereopod 3; c, pereopod 5; d, end of dactyl of pereopod 5; e, perso- 4, pod 24 WWE NOS SQ S S VA Fig. 3. Heterophorus pennatus, new species Ma.e.—a, abdomen, uropods and telson; b, mandible; c, cutting edge, spine-teeth and molar spine- teeth of mandible; d, telson; e, maxilla 1; f, maxilla 2; g, maxilliped. 25 26 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. LII with prominent, forward-pointing lobe on lower anterior corner, third joint short and thick, fourth joint a little longer than third, lower margin very convex and provided with several long plumose setze and short blunt spines, fifth joint a little longer than fourth, lower margin evenly convex, upper margin provided with calceoli and short bristles, flagellum very long and slender and provided with calceoli on the upper anterior ends of the joints. Mandible, cutting edge narrow, accessory plate well developed, nine very well-developed spine-teeth, molar prominence surmounted by three strong spine-teeth, palp slender, third joint slightly shorter than second with oblique end provided with several long sete, and several sete on lower margin of joint near distal end. Maxilla 1, palp twice as long as outer plate with several spines on rounded apex, outer plate short and provided with nine curved spine-teeth, some of which are serrate and some bifurcate, inner plate nearly as large as outer and bear- ing on its rounded apex two plumose setz. Maxilla 2, plates subequal, and bearing many curved spines and sete on their rounded ends. Maxilliped, outer plate reach- ing nearly to the middle of second joint of palp and provided on its rounded end and inner edge with curved serrate spines, inner plate short with rounded end, provided with long plumose set, palp with third joint rather short, dactyl short and tipped with two long curved spines. Side-plate 1 expanded distally and provided on the posterior half of the lower edge with plumose sete; side-plate 4 broadly expanded posteriorly, lower edge provided with plumose sete; side-plate 5, posterior lobe ob- lique with plumose sete on lower rounded edge. Gnathopods 1 and 2 as in Harpinia plumosa (Kroyer). Perszopods 1-3 as in Harpinia plumosa (Kr¢yer). Perzeopod 4, second joint little expanded at proximal end and not at all at distal end, front margin convex, hind margin nearly straight and bearing a row of plumose sets, fourth, fifth and sixth joints linear, sixth joint provided on front edge and distal end with long, slender spines, some of which are tipped with a very fine hair-like setule, dactyl long and slender. Persopod 5 short, second joint expanded backward and decidedly downward, hind margin serrate with plumose setz between the serrations, third and fourth joints short and broad, fifth and sixth joints linear, dactyl very nearly as long as sixth joint and bearing a tooth near the apex. Pleon segment 3, lower posterior angle produced into an acute upward-pointing tooth above which the margin is slightly convex, lower margin convex and bearing a row of plumose sete. Uropod 3 not extending backward as far as uropod 1, peduncle short and thick, rami knife- shaped and bearing on their margins and apices long plumose sete, outer ramus a little shorter than inner with very minute second joint. Telson extending a little beyond the peduncle of uropod 3, about as long as broad, cleft a little beyond the middle, lobes rounded apically and each bearing a minute spinule at the outer distal edge, two minute plumose setules and a minute spinule on each other edge. LeneTH.—5 mm. Paraphoxus spinosus Holmes Paraphoxus spinosus HotmEs, 1903, American Naturalist, XX XVII, p. 276. Paraphozxus spinosus Hotmss, 1905, Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries for 1904, XXIV, p. 477, text figure. Paraphorus spinosus KUNKEL, 1918, State of Connecticut. State Geological and Natural History Survey, Bulletin No. 26, p. 76, text fig. 13. 1925] Shoemaker, Amphipoda from Gulf of California 20 Carmen Island, southeast side, Gulf of California, electric light; 14 specimens. This species was described by 8. J. Holmes from the New England coast of the United States and it is now recorded for the first time from the western coast of America. CGdicerotidze CEDICEROPSOIDES, new genus FematLe.—Rostrum or frontal process long and narrow. Eyes absent. Lateral lobes of head produced and truncated. Antenna 1 well developed, not short. Antenna 2 about half the length of the body, fourth joint of peduncle large, flagellum of many calceoliferous joints. Upper lip with margin evenly convex. Mandibular palp elongate. Maxilla 2, inner plate much wider than outer. Plates of maxillipeds rather broad in proportion to length. Side-plates 1—4 rather large, first expanded distally, fourth with hind margin slightly concave. Gnathopods 1 and 2 very much alike but 2 a little the larger, fifth joint large with prominent setose lobe, sixth joint longer than fifth, ovate, palm much longer than hind margin. Perzeopods 1 and 2 rather feeble, 3 and 4 strong, 5 long. Pleon segments 1-3, postero-lateral corners very rounding. Abdominal segments 4-6 missing from the single specimen dredged. (diceropsoides abyssorum, new species Tyre Locauity.—Station 5689. East of Guadalupe Island: Hat Mt., N. 59° E.; St.Vincent Peak, N. 47° E. (29° 32’ N., 116° 14’ W.), 879 fathoms; 1 specimen. Fremate.—Head about as long as the first three segments of body, rostrum long, narrow, evenly rounded at apex, curved slightly downward and reaching just to the end of the first joint of antenna 1, lateral lobes prominently produced forward and obliquely truncated. Eyes absent. Antenna 1 reaching to the end of the fifth joint of antenna 2, flagellum equal in length to the peduncle. Antenna 2, fourth and fifth joints long, fifth about four-fifths as long as fourth, two long curved spines on inside margin and three at the distal end. Flagellum nearly as long as peduncle, composed of many short calceoliferous joints. Upper lip evenly rounded on lower edge. Man- dible short and stout, cutting-edge with few teeth, small, dark tooth at base of cutting edge, eight teeth in spine row, molar very prominent with triturating surface concave, palp long, third joint nearly as long as second, second and third joints provided on their lower edges with a row of spines. Maxille 1 and 2 nearly as in Wdiceropsis brevicornis Lillj. Maxillipeds much as in @. brevicornis Lillj., except that the outer plate and the second joint of the palp are comparatively broader. The distal edge of the palp of maxilla 1, the distal edge of the inner and outer plates of maxilla 2, the inner edge of the outer plate of maxillipeds, and the inner edge of the second joint and the distal edge of the third joint of the palp of maxillipeds are provided with elongate, cylindrical appendages, which become very easily detached. Side-plate 1 greatly expanded and extended straight forward. Side-plate 2 comparatively narrow with sides nearly parallel. Side-plate 3 much broader than 2, with sides nearly parallel. Side-plate 4 deeper than 3, front margin convex and hind margin slightly concave. Side-plate 5 a little over half the depth of 4, front lobe much larger than hind lobe. Fig. 4. Gdiceropsoides abyssorum, new species FrmA.Lre.—a, head, first two thoracic segments, and antenne; 6, mandible; c, mandibular palp; d, cutting edge, spine-teeth, and molar of mandible; e, spine-teeth of mandible; f, maxilla 1; g, maxilla 2; h, maxilliped; 7, lower lip. 28 7) F Wild i sun a : Fig. 5. C£diceropsoides abyssorum, new species FeMALe.—a, gnathopod 1; b, gnathopod 2; c, inside view of second joint of gnathopod 2; d, perzopod 3; e, inside view of fifth joint of antenna 2; f, abdominal segments 1-3; g, dorsal view of head. 29 Fig. 6. Cdiceropsoides abyssorum, new species FEMALE.—a, peropod 1; b, perseopod 2; c, pereopod 4; d, perzeopod 5. 30 1925] Shoemaker, Amphipoda from Gulf of California ok Side-plate 6 shallower than 5, hind lobe much deeper than front lobe. Side-plate 7 shallow, widest at upper margin. All side plates fringed with plumose setz. Gnatho- pods 1 and 2 very much alike, 2 a little the stouter. Gnathopod 1, second joint slender, slightly curved, and with an oval depression surrounded by stout bristles on the inner distal end, fourth joint short with lower margin evenly convex and furnished with many bristles, fifth joint as wide as sixth and about two-thirds as long, lower margin produced into a prominent lobe, the edge of which is provided with many bristles, sixth joint stout, more or less oval, palm very convex, much longer than hind margin, defined by a prominent bristle and furnished throughout with many fine bristles, finger long, slender, smooth, and of about the curvature of the palm. Gnathopod 2, second joint slender, provided on front and hind margins with plumose sete, and on the in- side distal end with an oval depression surrounded by stout bristles, fourth joint short with lower margin produced into a blunt point, fifth joint wider than sixth and about two-thirds as long, lower margin produced into a very prominent lobe which is edged with many stout bristles, sixth joint and finger as in gnathopod 1 but a little stouter. Perzeopods 1 and 2 long and slender, first joint provided on front and hind margins and inner surface with many long, plumose sete, fourth, fifth and sixth Joints are provided on their front and back margins with many long stout spines, dactyls flat, and nearly as long as sixth joints. Persopod 3, stout, second joint widest above, hind margin evenly convex above and nearly straight below, both front and hind margins provided with long plumose set, fourth joint densely clothed on inner surface and front and hind margins with long plumose sete, fifth joint about one-half as long as fourth and two-thirds as long as sixth, fifth and sixth joints provided on their front and hind margins with many stout bristles, dactyl broad and flat, and equal in length to sixth joint. Perseopod 4 with sixth joint and dactyl missing, in general outline much like perzopod 3, but longer, and less plumose on fourth joint. Perzeo- pod 5 long and slender, second joint widest through the upper third, hind margin slightly convex and provided with plumose sete, fourth joint very slightly longer than fifth, sixth joint very slightly longer than fourth, dactyl nearly two-thirds as long as sixth joint. Abdominal segments 1-3 with lower margins evenly rounded and provided with a fringe of plumose sete, segment 2 the deepest. Fourth, fifth, and sixth segments missing. Lencetu.—From tip of rostrum to end of third abdominal segment 24 mm. Bateidze Batea rectangulata, new species Tyre Loca.ity.—San Francisquito Bay, Gulf of California, electric light; 1 specimen. Frema.Le.—This single female specimen is the first of this genus to be described from the west coast of America, all previous records having been from Brazil, West Indies, and the east coast of the United States. There are several very definite char- acters which differentiate it from the east coast species. Antenne missing excepting the first few joints of the peduncles. Eyes too badly distorted for any definite out- line to be discerned. Head with rostrum strongly curved downward and acutely pointed. Mandibles with five spine-teeth on left and four on right, third joint of palp about two-thirds as long as second, and provided on distal half of inner margin with many long, curved minutely-plumosed setz, and near the proximal end of outer Fig. 7. Batea rectangulata, new species FEMALE.—a, gnathopod 1; b, gnathopod 2; c, pereopod 1; d, perseopod 5. 32 Fig. 8. Batea rectangulata, new species FreMALE.—a, gnathopod 2 showing teeth of palm and finger; 6, pereopod 2; c, pereopod 3; d, perzopod 4. : 33 Fig. 9. Batea rectangulata, new species FEMALE.—4<, head and first two thoracic segments; 5, left mandible; c, palp of left mandible; d, right mandible; e, palp of right mandible; f, maxilla 1; g, maxilla 2; h, maxilliped; 7, lower lip. 34 1925] Shoemaker, Amphipoda from Gulf of California 35 margin with two long, curved, minutely-plumosed setz. One of the distal spines of the third joint of palp is much enlarged, making it appear quite dactyl-like. Second joint of palp with stout setz on distal half of inner margin. Lower lip without inner lobes, or at best only a mere suggestion of them. Maxilla 1, inner plate with seven plumose setz, below which are several setules, outer plate provided with ten or eleven very stout, curved, toothed spine-teeth, palp with first joint about two-thirds the length of second, second joint evenly rounded distally and provided with many short spines. Maxilla 2 with both plates evenly rounded distally, inner plate furnished with two plumose setz and many long, sharp spines, outer plate furnished distally with many long, sharp, curved spines. Maxillipeds, inner plate reaching to about the middle of the first joint of the palp, armed on truncated end and along inner margin with long, plumose sete, one sharp spine-tooth among the sete on the truncated end of this plate could be discerned, but if others were present they were completely hidden by the mass of surrounding plumose setz, outer plate reaching beyond the second joint of palp and provided on the inner edge with twelve tooth-like spines, no plumose sete at distal end of this plate, outer edge provided with a row of fine setules. The three joints of the palp all of equal length, dactyl stout with downward-pointing tip. Gnathopod 1 with the terminal spines of second-joint much as in B. catharinensis, front margin with five or six long sete, and two long curved setz near the distal end of hind margin. Gnathopod 2 proportionately longer and more slender than in B. catharinensis, second joint very slender and nearly as long as the third, fourth, fifth and sixth joints combined, fifth joint slender and slightly longer than sixth, sixth joint slender, palm oblique, about two-thirds the length of hind margin and minutely serrate throughout its length, dactyl slightly curved and bearing four forward- pointing teeth and several setules on inner margin. Perzopod 1, fifth and sixth joints missing, second joint with a row of short, slender spines on front margin and two groups of long bristles near the distal end of hind margin. Perzopod 2, fifth and sixth joints missing, second, third and fourth joints about as in pereopod 1. Perzeopod 3, second joint with lobe of hind margin rounding and without any downward dip. Perzopod 4, second joint not wider above than below, but about the same width throughout, hind margin evenly convex. Perzopod 5, second joint about as broad as long, lower posterior margin not forming as deep a lobe as in B. catharinensis. Side- plates all much deeper than in B. catharinensis. Side-plate 2 rectangular in outline, front and back margins nearly parallel, lower margin transverse, slightly convex and provided with a row of setules. Side-plate 3 extending slightly beyond the second joint of the perzeopod, sides nearly parallel but slightly wider below, lower margin transverse, very slightly convex and bordered by a row of minute setules. Side- plate 4 with hind margin not so deeply excavated as in B. catharinensis, lower margin bordered by a row of minute setules. Side-plate 5, hind lobe deeper and more acute than in B. catharinensis. Side-plates 6 and 7 differing very slightly from those of B. catharinensis. Posterior lateral margin of abdominal segment 3 bearing a greater number of serrations than that of B. catharinensis. Uropods about as in B. catharinen- sis. Telson proportionately shorter and broader than in B. catharinensis, lobes with apexes acute and inside margins concave, each lobe with two setules near the apex, and each side of telson bearing three setules near the base. LenetH.— 2 6 mm. 36 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. LII Gammaride Elasmopus species Station 5678. 24° 35’ 20" N. 111° 59’ 35” W. Magdalena Bay, western coast of Lower California, March 21, 1911, 13% fathoms; 1 specimen. A single female specimen was taken at this station. As the females of the genus Elasmopus show but poorly the specific characters and the species of this genus belonging to the west coast of America are but imperfectly known, a specific identification of this specimen would be of very doubtful value. Aoride BEMLOS, new genus Characters of this new genus are in general like those of Lembos. Gnathopod 1 in male has the fifth joint short and broad, and the sixth broader and three times longer than the fifth, palm transverse, short and toothed, finger overlapping palm. Inner plate of maxillipeds with three teeth on upper edge. Female as in Lembos. Bemlos macromanus, new species Type Locatity.—Lower California, no definite locality given; 13 specimens (17 type). Mave.—Antenna 1 slender and nearly as long as the body, accessory flagellum composed of seven long and one short joint and reaches just beyond the sixth joint of the primary flagellum. Antenna 2 normal. Mandible with 9 spines in spine-row, molar with small accessory process, third joint of palp about one-third longer than second, and bearing many long bristles, and on the front edge also a comb of fine short bristles, second joint with bristles on front edge. Maxilla 1, inner plate with one plumose seta, outer plate normal, palp normal, but bearing an oblique row of slender bristles on outside. Maxilla 2 normal. Maxilliped, outer plate reaching a little be- yond the middle of the second joint of palp and bearing eleven odontoid spines on inner edge, inner plate, upper end truncated and bearing three short teeth at inner corner, inner edge bearing a row of long plumose sete. Lower lip with long, thin, pointed mandibular processes, inner lobes very large and tumid. Side-plates shallow, first produced very slightly forward. Gnathopod 1, second joint stout, excavated along the front margin, lower anterior corner produced to a point, fifth joint stout, broader than long and somewhat triangular, sixth joint very stout, three times as long and one-third broader than the fifth, widest through the middle, palm with a broad, stout, setose tooth in the middle, a strong, straight tooth continuous with the hind border of the joint defines the palm, the strong, curved finger overlaps the palm. Gnathopod 2 normal, with fifth joint slightly longer than sixth, sixth with palm oblique, slightly convex and very finely toothed throughout, finger fitting palm and having a row of small teeth and a few sete on the inner edge, fifth and sixth joints provided with many long bristles. Perseopods 1 and 2 normal. Perxopods 3 and 4, side-plates with front half produced downward into a lobe, second joints slightly expanded, upper hind margin produced into an angular point, second joint of fourth perzeopod bearing a7, a laa, \ NN Fig. 10. Bemlos macromanus, new species Ma.e.—a, head, first two thoracic segments, gnathopods and antenne; b, abdomen, uropods and telson; c, conical appendages on the ventral surface of second and third thoracic segments; d, maxilli- ped; e, perzopod 3; f, perzopod 4. 37 : 4 EG 7 o> sy VE > Aan Fig. 11. Bemlos macromanus, new species Ma.e.—a, antenna 1 showing accessory flagellum; 6, mandible; c, maxilla 1; d, maxilla 2; e, lower lip; f, telson. FrmMaLe.—g, gnathopod 1; h, gnathopod 2. 38 ie EON, PERLE ERAN Ay yy hay 4 OE a AUAN Beil SAR OH Fig. 12. Bemlos macromanus,new species Mate.~a, gnathopod 2 showing teeth of palm; b, perzopod 1; c, perseopod 2; d, pereopod 5. FEMALE.—e, perzopod 5. 39 x X \\ | \ \ WL Sp \ \) \\ Fig. 13. Bemlos macromanus, new species EMALE.—a, gnathopod 1 showing palm and teeth of finger; 6, gnathopod 2, showing fine teeth of palm and teeth of finger; c, pereopod 1; d, pereopod 2; e, perseopod 3; f, perseopod 4. 40 SS EE a 1925] Shoemaker, Amphipoda from Gulf of California 41 a few plumose setz on hind margin. Persopod 5 the longest, second joint little expanded, hind margin bearing many plumose sete. The posterior lateral margins of the abdominal segments 1-3 are evenly convex and their lower posterior angles produced into minute points, lower margins slightly convex. Uropods about as in Lembos. Uropod 3 with outer ramus slightly shorter than inner. Telson very little longer than wide, narrow hind margin slightly excavate with each of the blunt lobes bearing a few sete. FEMALE.—Side-plates comparatively narrower and deeper than in male. Gnatho- pod 1 with second joint excavate on front margin, lower anterior corner produced into a point, fifth and sixth joints subequal in width, fifth a little over half the length of the sixth and triangular in general outline, sixth with edges slightly convex and nar- rowing slightly toward the distal end, palm convex, oblique and smooth, dactyl fitting palm and bearing a row of small teeth on the inner edge. Gnathopod 2 much as in the male, fifth and sixth joints subequal in length, palm less oblique and very finely toothed throughout, dactyl fitting palm and bearing a row of small teeth on the inner edge. Perzeopods as in male; the second joints of perzeopods 4 and 5, however, are more densely furnished with plumose sete on their hind margins. LenctTH.—o 9mm., 2 10 mm. The second and third thoracic segments of the male bear on the center of their ventral surfaces a forward-pointing, slightly conical process probably of the same nature as those which have been observed on several fresh-water amphipods by Sars, Smith, Haswell, Chilton, Tattersall and others. These processes, the function of which is not known, appear to have been very seldom observed in marine species. HYPERIIDEA Vibiliide Vibilia californica Holmes Vibilia californica Houtmes, 1908, Proc. U. 8S. National Museum, XXXV, p. 490. Guadalupe Island, Gulf of California, March 3, 1911, electric light; l specimen. Agua Verde Bay, Gulf of California, electric ight; 1 speci- men. Carmen Island, Gulf of California, electric light; 8 specimens. This species was described by 8. J. Holmes from two speci- mens dredged by the Steamer ‘Albatross’ off Point Loma, Southern California. Hyperiidze Hyperia species . San Josef Island, Gulf of California, electric light; 1 specimen. Carmen Island, Gulf of California, electric light; 2 specimens. These specimens are all quite young, so that it is hardly possible to identify them specifically. 42 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. LIT Phrosinide Anchylomera blossevillii Milne-Edwards Anchyiomera blossevillii MiLNE-Epwarps, 1830, Ann. des Sci. Nat., XX, p. 394 (extr., p. 43). Hieraconyzx abbreviatus, 7, GUERIN, 1836, Magasin de Zoologie, Classe VII, p. 5, Pl. xvu, figs. 2, 2a-2f. Cheiropristis Messanensis, &, DE NATALE, 1850, Crost. del porto di Messina, tav. 1, fig. (2. Anchylomera purpurea, 3, Dana, 1853, ‘U. S. Explor. Exped.,’ XIII, Pt. 2, p. 1001, Pl. uxvi, figs. 9a-m. Anchylomera thyropoda, °, DANA, 1853, ‘U. 8. Explor. Exped.,’ XIII, Pt. 2, p. 1004, Pl. yxvimt, figs. 10a-g. Anchylomera antipodes SPENCE Bats, 1862, ‘Brit. Mus. Catal. Amph. Crust.,’ p. 322, Pl. 11, figs. 9, 10. Anchylomera Blossevillei SPENCE Bats, 1862, ‘Brit. Mus. Catal. Amph. Crust.,’ [th oY}; JAIL winh irs, Ie Anchylomera Hunteri SPENCE Bate, 1862, ‘Brit. Mus. Catal. Amph. Crust.,’ p. 324, Pl. ni, fig. 2. Anchylomera abbreviata SPENCE BATE, 1862, ‘Brit. Mus. Catal. Amph. Crust.,’ p. 324, Pl. 10, fig. 3. Anchylomera purpurea SPENCE Bate, 1862, ‘Brit. Mus. Catal. Amph. Crust.,’ p. 325, Pl. wu; fig: 5: Anchylomera thyropoda SPENCE Bats, 1862, ‘Brit. Mus. Catal. Amph. Crust.,’ p. 325, Pl: un, fig. 6. Anchylomera abbreviata Bovauutus, 1887, ‘Arctic and Antarctic Hyperids, Vega- Exped.,’ IV, p. 571. Anchylomera antipodes Bovautrus, 1887, ‘Arctic and Antarctic Hyperids, Vega-Exped.,’ IV, p. 572. Anchylomera blossevillii STEBBING, 1888, ‘Challenger Amphipoda,’ p. 1433, Pl. CLX XVII. Anchylomera blossevillei CHEVREUX, 1900, ‘Rés. Camp. Sci., Monaco,’ Fase. 16, p. 147. Anchylomera blossevillii Cu1tTon, 1912, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, XLVIII, Pt. 2 (No. 23), p. 516. Cape San Lucas, Lower California, ship’s anchorage, March 24, 1911, electric light; 2 specimens. This species is very widely distributed, both in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, but the present record is the first for the western coast of North America. Pronoidz Symprone anomala, new species Locauities.—Cape San Lucas, Lower California, ship’s anchorage, electric light; 2 specimens. Cape San Lucas, Lower California; 1 specimen. Agua Verde Bay, Gulf of California, electric light; 6 specimens (1 o type). Fig. 14. Symprone anomala, new species Ma.ez.—a, head and first two thoracic segments; b, antenna 1; c, antenna 2; d, end of flagellum enlarged; e, mandible; f, cutting edge of mandible; g, maxilla 1; h, maxilla 2; 7, maxillipeds; j, perzopod 5; k, perzopod 5 of another specimen. 43 Fig. 15. Symprone anomala, new species MAte.—a, gnathopod 1; 6, gnathopod 2; c, peropod 2; d, perseopod 3; e, pereopod 4; f, uropod and telson. 44 1925] Shoemaker, Amphipoda from Gulf of California 45 Mae.—These specimens agree very closely with Symprone parva (Claus) and Symprone propinqua Stebbing, but differ from both of these species in a few well- marked characters. The front angle of the head is aslittle more acute. Antenna 1, first joint of flagellum somewhat wider and produced into more of a lobe distally; second and third joints subequal in length, fourth joint very slender and a little longer than third. Antenna 2, fifth joint of peduncle a little shorter than fourth, first joint of flagellum over half the length of the third joint of peduncle and less than half the length of the fifth, second joint of flagellum very small, third joint of flagellum shorter and narrower than second. Maxillipeds much shorter proportionately than in S, parva. Other mouth-parts agreeing with those of S. parva. Gnathopod 1, joints shorter and broader proportionately than in either S. parva or S. propinqua. Gnatho- pod 2 with upper distal end of fifth joint somewhat produced. Perxopod 4 with second joint not distally rounded, but slightly emarginate. Perzeopod 5 with second joint as in S. parva, but with three narrow terminal joints instead of two, the.first of these joints short, the second longer and somewhat narrower, and the third narrower and longer than the second, this last joint varies in length being in some cases little longer than the preceding and in others nearly twice as long. Uropods and telson much as in S. parva except that the telson is obtusely pointed and is one-fourth wider than long. LencTH.—7 mm. Brachyscelide Stephensen, 1923 Brachyscelus crusculum Spence Bate Brachyscelus crusculum SPENCE Bats, 1861, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (3) VIII, p. 7, Pl. 11, figs. 1, 2. Brachyscelus crusculum SpENcE Bats, 1862, ‘Brit. Mus. Catal. Amph. Crust.,’ p. 333, Pl. Li, figs. 2, 3. Thamyris crusculum Bovauuius, 1887, ‘Systematical List of Amph. Hyper.,’ Bihang till K. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., XI, No. 16, p. 31. Thamyris mediterranea Cuaus, 1887, ‘Platysceliden,’ p. 60, Pl. xv1, figs. 11-18. Brachyscelus crusculum STEBBING, 1888, ‘Challenger Amphipoda,’ p. 1544, PI. CXCV, specimen a. Brachyscelus crusculum CHEVREUX, 1893, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, XVIII, pp. 70-74, text figs. 1-9. Brachyscelus crustulum Norman, 1900, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) V, p. 134. ~ Brachyscelus crusculum+B. mediterraneus CHEVREUX, 1900, ‘Rés. Camp. Sci. Monaco,’ Fase. XVI, p. 153, 154. Brachyscelus mediterraneus SENNA, 1903, Ann. Mus. Zool. Napoli, (N. Ser.) I, Wo, 6; p: 5. Brachyscelus crusculum TatTersauu, 1906, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1905, No. 4, Pt. 8, p. 26. Brachyscelus crusculum Houmess, 1908, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XX XV, p. 490. Brachyscelus crusculum STEPHENSEN, 1923, ‘The Danish Ingolf-Exped.,’ III, ‘Crust. Malacos.,’ V (Amphipoda. 1), p. 37. - Cape San Lucas, Lower California, ship’s anchorage, electric light; 5 specimens. Carmen Island, southeast side, Gulf of California, electric light; 1 specimen. San Josef Island, Gulf of California, electric light; 46 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. LII 2 specimens. Agua Verde Bay, Gulf of California, electric light; 15 specimens. This is a very ‘widely distributed species and was reported off Point Loma, southern California, by S. J. Holmes in 1908. Lyczide Lycea bajensis, new species Loca.iries.—San Josef Island, Gulf of California, electric light; 23 specimens (1 o type). Cape San Lucas, Lower California, ship’s anchorage, electric light; 4 specimens. Cape San Lucas, Lower California, ship’s anchorage, electric light; March 24, 1911, 1 specimen. Carmen Island, southeast side, Gulf of California, electric light; 3 specimens. Ma.e.—Head globular. Antenna 1, upper edge of first joint of flagellum nearly straight, there being a very shallow angle near the peduncle, the upper distal ex- tremity of this joint forming nearly a right angle, second joint longer than third or fourth, which are subequal. Antenna 2 as in Stebbing’s figure of L. vincenti, except that the fifth joint of the peduncle is very slightly shorter than fourth and the flagellum reaches very nearly to the end of the fifth joint. Maxillipeds as in L. vincenti. Mandib- ular palp with third joint slightly longer than second. Gnathopods 1 and 2 as in L. vincenti, but the lower distal angle of fifth joint not so sharply produced. Perzopod 2 asin L. vincenti except the rear edge of sixth joint is without minute teeth. Perzeo- pod 3 much as in L. vincenti, but with the hind margin of second joint more convex. Perropod 4, front margin of second joint having a decided hump in the middle. Perzopod 5, second joint, strikingly widest through the middle, hind margin not evenly convex, succeeding joints and dactyl as in L. vincenti. The posterior lateral ‘corners of abdominal segments 1-3 evenly rounded. The rami of all the uropods are straight and their edges finely pectinate except the outer edge of the outer ramus of uropods 2 and 3. Telson with sides evenly convergent, except at the basal fourth, where they are constricted, and about parallel. LENGTH.—7 mm. FeMALE.—Thorax quite tumid, narrowing suddenly to the slender abdomen. Head not so long as in male, but just as deep. Antenna 1, first joint of flagellum not expanded, second joint short, third joint a little longer than second. Gnathopod 1, as in male, except there are no fine teeth on the fifth or sixth joints and the lower distal corner of the fifth joint is not so sharply produced. Gnathopod 2 as in male, but without the fine teeth on fiffh or sixth joints. Perseopods as in male. Posterior lateral corners of abdominal segments 1-3 as in male. Uropods as in male. Telson with sides nearly straight and evenly convergent, not constricted at base. LENGTH.—7 mm. Parascelidze Parascelus zebu Stebbing Parascelus zebu STEBBING, 1888, ‘Challenger Amphipoda,’ p. 1496, Pl. cLxxxv. Carmen Island, southeast side, Gulf of California, electric light; 2 specimens. y 44) Wy EAN | ii W) Fig. 16. Lycza bajensis, new species Matz.—a, antenna 1, fourth joint of flagellum missing; b, antenna 1 of another specimen showing fourth joint of flagellum; c, second, third, and fourth joints of flagellum enlarged; d, gnathopod 1; e, gnathopod 2; f, fifth and sixth joints of gnathopod 2 enlarged; g, pereopod 5; h, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth joints of pereopod 5 enlarged; iz, abdominal segments 1-3; j, palp of mandible. FEeMALE.—k4, antenna 1; 1, gnathopod 1; m, gnathopod 2; n, perropod 5. 47 Fig. 17. Lycxa bajensis, new species Mate.—a, antenna 2; b, end of flagellum of antenna 2 enlarged; c, perseopod 2; d, perseopod 3; e, pereopod 4; f, uropods and telson. ‘ 48 Fig. 18. Parascelus zebu Stebbing Ma.e.—a, head; b, antenna 1; ¢, first, second, and third joints of flagellum enlarged; d, antenna 2; e, end of second joint of flagellum of antenna 2 enlarged; f, mandibles; g, maxilla 1; h, maxille 2; 1, maxillipeds; 7, gnathopod 1; k, gnathopod 2; 1, perezopod 2; m, perropod 3; n, pereopod 4; 0, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth joints of pereopod 4 enlarged; p, perseopod 5; gq, uropods and telson. FrMALE.—, gnathopod 1;_s, gnathopod 2; ¢t, perwopod 5; u, antenna 2; », head from below. 49 Fig. 19. Parascelus zebu Stebbing Mae.—a, gnathopod 1; 6, gnathopod 2; c, pereeopod 5; d, uropod 1; e, uropod 2; f, uropod 3. FEMALE.—49, uropod 3; A, antenna 1; 7, antenna 2; j, gnathopod 1; k, gnathopod 2; 1, perseopod 5. 50 1925] Shoemaker, Amphipoda from Gulf of California dl These specimens, of which one is male and the other female, agree quite well with Stebbing’s figures. The inner ramus of uropod 3 in the male is not pointed as in his figure, but is bluntly rounded; this, however, may be an individual peculiarity, as that of the female is much more like Stebbing’s figure. Perzeopod 5 of female with second joint not expanded as in male, and with the succeeding portion of the limb proportionately longer. Length of the specimens, 6 mm. Platyscelidz I am here using the name Platyscelide, which was established by Bate in 1862. Stebbing points out that, the genus Typhis having been preoccupied, Platyscelus remains its earliest synonym. Then by right of priority the family must become Platyscelide from the earliest genus Platyscelus. The family is much more restricted now and does not include the Pronoine (Dana) as when established by Bate. Platyscelus dubius, new species Locauitigs.—Cape San Lucas, Lower California, ship’s anchorage, electric light; 19 specimens (1 type). Carmen Island, southeast side, Gulf of California, electric light; 2 specimens. San Josef Island, Gulf of California, electric light; 3 specimens. Agua Verde Bay, Gulf of California, electric light;. 3 specimens. Mae.—Head with a depression just above the rostrum. Rostrum prominent. Eyes arranged in four groups. Antenna 1, first joint of flagellum tumid with upper edge short, and lower distal angle rounded and produced, second joint twice as wide as third, but equalling it in length, fourth joint a little longer and a little narrower than third. Antenna 2, third joint nearly straight, fourth a little longer than fifth, first joint of flagellum a little less than half the length of the fifth peduncular joint, second joint of flagellum a little longer than first. Maxillipeds, outer plates short and broad with inner edges slightly concave. Mandible, cutting edge oblique and provided with two rows of small blunt teeth, first joint of palp nearly straight and longer than second, second curved and longer than third, third slightly curved. Gnathopod 1 shorter than 2, the produced lobe of the fifth joint serrated on both edges, sixth joint serrated on inner edge. Gnathopod 2, the produced lobe of the fifth joint serrated on both edges and extending a little beyond the sixth joint, sixth joint serrated on inner edge. Perzopods 1 and 2 normal, sixth joint with 2 small teeth just above the dactyl. Perzopod 3, lower edge of second joint evenly rounded; fourth, fifth and sixth joints very nearly equaling one another in length and all with very fine serrations on the front margin. Perzopod 4, second joint with low, blunt tooth near the proximal end of front margin, lower margin oblique and nearly straight, fourth joint widest at distal end and twice as long as fifth, both fourth and fifth with conspicuous serrations on front margin, sixth joint very short and curved. Perzopod 5 nearly as that figured by Claus for Eutyphis ovoides,! second joint curved, third joint reduced to a mere knob, 1‘Die Platysceliden,’ Taf. I, fig. 9. Fig. 20. Platyscelus dubius, new species Ma.e.—a, entire animal; b, front of head; c, antenna 1; d, first, second, third, and fourth joints of flagellum of antenna 1 enlarged; e, antenna 2; f, end of flagellum of antenna 2 enlarged; g, gnathopod 1, h, gnathopod 2; 7, uropods and telson; j, uropod 1; k, uropod 2; 1, uropod 3. FEeMALE.—m, head; n, antenna 2; 0, antenna 2 enlarged. 52 Fig. 21. Platyscelus dubius, new species Matue.—a, gnathopod 1; b, gnathopod 2; c, perseopod 2; d, end of sixth joint and dactyl of perzo- pod 2 enlarged; e, pereopod 3; f, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth joints of pereopod 3 enlarged; g, perzeo- pod 4; h, perezopod 5; 7, end of second and small third joint or perseopod 5 enlarged; j, mandible; k, cutting edge of mandible enlarged; 1, maxillipeds. FreMALE.—m, antenna 1; n, antenna 1 enlarged. 53 is ae Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. LII the rest of the limb suppressed. Uropod 1, outer margin of outer ramus, and inner margin of inner ramus finely serrate. Uropod 2, rami without serrations. Uropod 3, outer ramus with inner edge serrate, inner ramus with outer margin and upper part of inner margin serrate. Telson with edges nearly straight, slightly constricted at base. LenetTu.—5.5 mm. Frma.e.—Like the male generally but with the thorax much broader propor- tionately. Head with front perpendicular, and rostrum short and broad. Antenna 1, first joint about as long as all the rest combined, second joint twice as long as third, flagellum with three joints of about equal length but successively narrower. Antenna 2, fourth joint slightly shorter than fifth, fifth equal in length to the flagellum which consists of one joint with a few setules near the distal end. LenetH.—5 mm. Tetrathyrus sancti-josephi, new species Locauitiges.—San Josef Island, Gulf of California, electric light; 1 specimen (1 co type). Agua Verde Bay, Gulf of California, electric light; 1 specimen. Carmen Island, southeast side, Gulf of California, electric light; 25 specimens. Mate.—In general this species closely resembles Tetrathyrus moncoeuri Steb- bing; but in a few characters it differs from that species. In the second antenna the fifth joint extends only to the smallest degree beyond the fourth. Perzopod 5 consists of only the first and second joints; the second joint is curved, about three times as long as wide, and terminates in asmall knob. Uropods agreeing very closely with those of 7. moncoeuri except that no division can be observed between the inner ramus and peduncle of uropod 2, thus forming a coalition as in uropod 3. Telson without terminal spinules. LrencTH.—4 mm. FremaLe.—Front of head perpendicular, not sloping at all forward as in the male. Antenna 1, flagellum equal in length to the peduncular joint, first joint of flagellum very short, second joint about three times as long as first and bearing a group of four setze about the middle of the upper edge and one at the distal end, third joint about two-thirds as long as second and bearing two short spinules about the middle of the upper edge, one on the under edge near the distal end and one at distal end of upper edge, fourth joint a very little more than one-half the length of the third and bearing one or two minute spinules at the distal end. Gnathopods very closely resembling those of male; the lower distal angle of the sixth joint is not so much produced but is rather blunt and bears a single spinule. Peraeopods 1-3 asin male. Perzopod 4 with second joint proportionately broader and the rest of the limb proportionately shorter than in male. Perzopod 5, second joint proportionately much narrower than in male and tapering off distally into an acute point. In one female examined the second joint of this perseopod ended less acutely and appeared to have a very minute third joint or an enlarged terminal spine as shown in the figure. Telson and uropods as in male except the rami end in more acute angles. Uropod 2 as in male has the inner ramus united with the peduncle. Lenetu.—4.5 mm. m 1 Fig. 22. Tetrathyrus sancti-josephi, new species Mate.—a, head and antenne; }b, end of flagellum of antenna 2; c, antenna 1; d, gnathopod 1; e, gnathopod 1 enlarged; f, gnathopod 2; g, gnathopod 2 enlarged; h, perwopod 1; 7, pereopod 3; J, perzopod 4; k, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth joints of pereopod 4 enlarged; 1, pereopod 5; m, perzo- pod 5 enlarged; n, uropods and telson; 0, uropod 1; p, uropod 2; g, uropod 3. 55 Fig. 23. Tetrathyrus sancti-joseplii, new species FEMALE.—a, antenna 1; b, antenna 1 enlarged; c, gnathopod 1 d, gnathopod 2; e, pereopod 4; f, fourth, fifth, and sixth joints of perseopod 4 enlarged; g, usopod: nd telson. \ 56 OY, ) Sane mapeee sian ees ae Au: YW Xs at) “ woe Fig. 24. Tetrathyrus sancti-josephi, new species FremaLe.—a, gnathopod 1; b, gnathopod 2; c, pereopod 2; d, pereopod 3; e, sixth joint of perro- pod 3 enlarged; f, perwopod 5; g, end of pereopod 5 enlarged; h-i, perseopod 5 of another specimen showing small third joint or an enlarged spine. j-o, perseopod 5 of other specimens showing variation in end of second joint. 57 58 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. LII Amphithyrus orientalis Stebbing Amphithyrus orientalis STEBBING, 1888, ‘Challenger Amphipoda,’ p. 1485. San Josef Island, Gulf of California; 2 specimens. These specimens agree quite closely with Stebbing’s description of this species in the ‘Challenger Amphipoda.’ He says, however, that the telson forms in outline an inverted arch with apex acute, but in the pres- ent specimens the apex is narrowly rounded as I have shown in the figure. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bate, C. Spence. 1862. ‘Catalogue of the Amphipodous Crustacea in the Collec- tion of the British Museum.’ London, pp. 1-399, Pls. 1-Lvmt. Bovautuius, C. 1887. ‘Systematical list of the Amphipoda Hyperiidea.’ Bihang till K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., Bd. 11, No. 16, pp. 1-50. 1887. ‘Arctic and Antarctic Hyperids.’ ‘Vega.’ Expeditionens vetenskap. lakttag., Bd. 4, 1887, pp. 543-582, Pls. xLt—xLvu. 1887-1889. ‘Contributions to a Monograph of the Amphipoda Hyperiidea.’ Part I: 1 (1887), pp. 1-72, Pls. 1-x, and Part I: 2 (1889), pp. 1-434, Pls. -xvur. Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., Bd. 21, No. 5, 1887, and Bd. 22, No. 7, 1889. 1890. ‘The Oxycephalids.’ Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Sci. Upsala, (3), pp. 1-141, Pls. I-vit. CuHEVREUX, E. 1893. ‘Sur les Crustacés Amphipodes Recueillis dans l’Estomac des Germons (Quatriéme Campagne de I|’Hirondelle, 1888).’ Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France, XVIII, pp. 70-74, text figures 1-9. 1900. ‘Amphipodes provenant des campagnes de l’Hirondelle.’ ‘Rés. Campagnes Scientifiques, Monaco,’ Fasc. 16, pp. 1-195, Pls. 1-xviu. Cuitton, C. 1912. ‘The Amphipoda of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition.’ Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, XLVIII, part 2, (No. 23), pp. 455-520, Pls. 1-11. Criaus, C. 1887. ‘Die Platysceliden.’ Wien. Dana, J. D. 1852-1853. ‘Crustacea.’ Parts 1, 2, in ‘United States Exploring Ex- pedition.’ XIII, XIV, pp. 1-1620; Folio Atlas, 1855, Pls. -xcv1. Homes, 8S. J. 1903. ‘Synopsis of North-American Invertebrates. XVIII. The Amphipoda.’ The American Naturalist, XX XVII, No. 436, April, 1903, pp. 267-292. 1905. ‘The Amphipods of Southern New England.’ Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, XXIV, pp. 457-629, Pls. 1—x111. 1908. ‘The Amphipoda Collected by the U. 8S. Bureau of Fisheries Steamer ‘Albatross’ off the West Coast of North America, in 1903 and 1904, with Descriptions of a New Family and Several New Genera and Species.’ Proc. U. 8. National Museum, XX XV, No. 1654, pp. 489-543. Kunxet, B. W. 1918. ‘The Arthrostraca of Connecticut.’ State of Connecticut, State Geological and Natural History Survey, Bulletin No. 26, pp. 1-261. Miituer, F. 1865. ‘Description of a New Genus of Amphipod Crustacea.’ Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8) XV, pp. 276-277, Pl. x. CiEg =. Zi, m Fig. 25. Amphithyrus orientalis Stebbing Ma.e.—a, head; 5, antenna 1; c, antenna 1 enlarged; d, flagellum of antenna 1 enlarged; e, antenna 2; f, end of flagellum of antenna 2 enlarged; g, mandible; h, cutting edge of mandible; 7, maxilla 1; j, maxillipeds; k, uropod 1; 1, uropod 2; m, uropod 3; n, uropod 3 enlarged. 59 Fig. 26. Amphithyrus orientalis Stebbing Ma.e.—a, gnathopod 1; 6, gnathopod 2; c, gnathopod 1 enlarged; d, gnathopod 2 enlarged; e, perzeopod 2; f, perropod 3; g, fifth and sixth joints of persopod 3 enlarged; h, perseopod 4; 7, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth joints of pereopod 4 enlarged; j, pereopod 5; k, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth joints of perzeopod 5 enlarged; 1, uropods and telson; m, apex of telson enlarged. 60 1925] Shoemaker, Amphipoda from Gulf of California 61 Norman, A. M. 1900. ‘British Amphipoda.’ Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) V, p. 134. Senna, A. 1903. ‘Su aleuni Anfipodi iperini del Museo zoologico di Napoli.’ An- nuario del Museo Zoologico della R. Universita di Napoli (Nuova Serie), I, No. 6, pp. 1-8, text figs. 1-10. Sreppine, T. R. R. 1888. ‘Report of the Amphipoda.’ ‘“‘Challenger.” Report Zool.,’ X XIX, pp. 1-xxiv, 1-1737, Pls. 1-ccx. 1906. ‘Amphipoda. I. Gammaridea.’ Das Tierreich, XXI, pp. I-xxxix 1-806. STEPHENSEN, K. 1923. ‘Crustacea Malacostraca. V. (Amphipoda. 1).’ ‘The Danish Ingolf-Expedition.’ III, part 8, pp. 1-100, text figs. 1-22. TarrersaLL, W. M. 1906. ‘Pelagic Amphipoda of the Irish Atlantic Slope.’ Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., IV, (1905), pp. 1-39, Pls. 1-v. Waker, A. O. 1903. ‘Report on the Isopoda and Amphipoda collected by Mr. George Murray, F. R.8., during the Cruise of the ‘Oceana’ in November 1898.’ Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) XII, pp. 223-233, Pls. xvi, xIx. li No & i oo plane ties iit ' iy th) aaa Aik hevles oe ney Saati ie i Viel if ite Hits AERA tk Ake ayy iby wh it iif ciate Haaips nes oe i ‘i ie (haves eb is ae Thea 9 AU v foie oe) ii nage Si ste Hi! 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