• y

A

VOYAGE

Tb the Iflands

Madera , Barbados , Nieves^ S. Cbriftophers

AND

JAMAICA,

WITH THE

Natural Hiftory

~ ^ O F T H E

Herbs and Trees, Four-footed Beafls, Fijbes,
Birds, Infefls , Reptiles, &a
Ofthelaft of thofe ISLANDS;

To which is prefix’d An

INTRODUCTION,

Wherein is an Account of the

Inhabitants,Air,Waters,Difeafes,Trade£cc

of that Place, With fome Relations concerning the Neigh¬
bouring Continent, and Iflands of America.

ILLUSTRATED WITH

The Figures of the Things deferib’d,

which have not been heretofore engraved *

3Jtt large Copperplates as big as ti)e fUfe.

By HANS SLOAN E, M. D.

Fellow of the College of Thyficians and Secretary
of the Royal-Society.

In Two Volumes. Vol. I.

Many (hall run to and fro, and Knowledge jhall be increafed. Dan.xii.4.

— LONDON:

Printed by fB. M. for the Author, 1707-

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THIS

Natural of Jamaica,

ONE OF

The LargeH and moft Confiderable

O F

Her Majefty's PLANTATIONS

I N

AMERICA.

Is with all Humility Dedicated ,

B Y

Her Majefty's moft dutiful and
moft obedient Subjeft,

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Hans Sloane.

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PREFACE.

ITU no* Eighteen Years fince I , rent Phyftcian to the Dale

I C,m*je t0 Jimiia. I had from my Youth been 'Very
>mc> fleas d with the Study of Plants, and other Parts of
Nature, and had fem moft of thofe Jfmds of Curkfities, which
were to be found either m the Fields , or in the Gardens or Cabinets of
the Curious m theft 'Parts. The Accounts of theft ft range Things
which 1 met with in Colleaions, and, was inform’d, were common in
the Weft-Indies, were not fo fatisfaEiory as 1 de fired. I was Young,
and could not be fo eafy, if I had not the pleafure to fee what 1 had
heard fo much of, officially fince it had been a great contentment to
me, to fee many things cultivated in Englifh Gardens which 1 had feen
grow wild in other Countries, whereof I conceived my felf afterwards
to be better appris'd, ' than I was of fuel, as I had not feen common in
the Fields, and ,n plenty. I thought by that means the Ideas of them
would he letter imprinted in my Mind, and that, upon occafion, both
the knowledge of them and their Ufes might be afterwards more familiar
to me. Thefe Inclinations remain d with me feme time after I had
fettled my felf to prattife Phyfic in London, and had had the Honour
to be admitted a Fellow of the College of Phyftcians, as well as of the
<%oyal Society. Thefe unmerited Favours did not at all alter my
mind, but rather incited me to do what I could fo be no ufelefs Member
but to caft in my Mite towards the Advancement of Natural Jfriowlege,
and the Faculty of Phyfic, and by that means endeavour to deferVe a
Place amongft fo many Great and Worthy Perfons : This Voyage Jeem’d
likewtfe to promtfe to be ufeful to me, as a Phyfician 5 many of the
Jut Wit und bef Thyficians h dying tvcCvcll d to the Tlaccs whence
their Drugs were brought , to inform themf elves concerning them.

Flit Grace the Duke of Albemarle haVmg obtain’d the fupreme
Command of the If and of Jamaica, and other Tarts of Englifh-

^ A America

\

The PREFACE.

America, .here he fhould arrive, employ’d Tr'. Barwkk, . who was Ins
Phyfman, to look, out for me w bo could take care of Him am
family in cafe of Sickptff 5 Dr. Warwick ffaif to me m tins matte,
enquiring if any Phyfician of my Jcquamtance mould unde, take i .
This feem’d to me to be fuch an Opportunity as I my filf wanted,
to w the Places and Things 1 dfegnd, and at the fame time to
profecute the PraBice of Phyfic; wherefore I defie d he would g,l re me
time to thinkof it, and after due confederation I refeh d to go provided
feme Preliminaries and Conditions were agreed to, which were all granted.

. - . , . f-

' 1 intended fa foon as on hard to. have made federal Experiments and
ObferVations in the Voyage, but was prevented by a very long and te ions
Sea-Stckiefe, ntfefs in feme particulars, of which 1 have given an Meow
in the enfuing Voyage. , His Grace the Dukf. of Albemarl r Cmmiffim
and InftruBions requiring he fhould mufter all the Forces of the tnghflr-
Qoxtbft-lflands, in his wayjo.fymztcs, tpade him flop feme ays a moft
of them, which gave mean opportunity of /pending feme time m ooking
after the Curiojities of thofe Places, which are taken Notice of in the
Voyage thither. . 1 have left out moft of whatever is related by any Author
1 had perufed, unlefs what they mention of the Ufes of Plants, or fucr
particulars wherein I thought they were miftaken.

Upon my Arrival in Jamaica, 1 took what pains 1 could
Hours from the Pufinefs of my Profeffion, to earch the I™**1™
could thmkafforded Natural ProduBwns, and immediately defer ibed ton
in a Journal, meaf tiring their feveral Parts by my Thum , which with
a little allowance, I reckoned mi Inch. I thought U nced efs to be more
exaB, becaufe the Leaves of Vegetables of the fame forts, Wings of
Pirds, See. do Vary more from one another, than that does from the exaB
meafure of an Inch ; As to Colours, 'tis certain they are Very ha, dto de-
fcJbe : There arefe many Varieties of them, that they require new Names
to exprefs them. I olferved in defcr ibmg of them that the Leaves of moft
if not all, Plants an. Gretneft on their uppermoft fides, or thatexpofed to

the Sun-Pea, ns-, and Lighter and more Whiffet underneath Tins, snot

Lfo in Jamaica, but in all places where 1 have been ; when the Leaves
" Tops of Plants have not been expofed to the Light and Sun they are
mt only whiter, but tenderer, and often digeftible by our Stomach, Thw
appears by the Tops of the Balm [m Jama.ca and the WdHoig

The PREFACE.

call'd Cabbag t-Trces the Germen, Spout, Top 'Bud or unexpanded
leayes of which, an boil’d, and cat like our Cabbage, or pickl'd. The
tops of the Chamatriphe or Dwarf -Balm {of the Leayes of which are
made Brooms) are likewife eaten in Spain and Italy. Thus Hops,
White-Briony, Smilax afpera, Sparagus, juft fprouting, common
Cabbage naturally, Seleri, Lettuce, Fennel, Chardons and feyeral
Herbs, are render’d White and tender by only being coycr’d with Earth
from the Sun and Light. 1 haye feen a common Bramble whoje Twigs
accidentally grew through the chmftof a Window into a darkroom, which,
becaufe not expofed to the Light or Sun, were white and tender. Tis not
only fo, as 1 beheyc, in Greens, but alfo in other Colours which are heightncd
by the Sun: for the great yaricty of Colours obferyd in Tulips, at firft
fprouting out are all whitijh, then greenifb, and when the Sun and Light
has farther aEled upon them, tbjey arnye at that yanety we obferye in them
with pleafurc. This I take notice of, becaufe the fame Blunts I dejcnbe,
may haye in European Gardens different Colours, from what they are
in their natiye Soil, and a warmer Sun. , \

; After 1 had gather’d and defcrib’d the Plants, I dried as fair Samples of
them as I could, to bring oyer with me. When I met with Frms- that
could not be dried or kept, 1 employ’d the Uptrend Hr. Moore one of
the heli Deftgners I could meet with there, to take the Figures of pm, as
alfo of the Fifties, Birds, ItfeBs, See. in Crayons, and earned him, apuh
me into feyeral places of the Country, that he might tafe them on the place.
When I return’d into England, I brought with me about , 8o<? Plants,
moft whereof were New, with the Defigns before-mention d, Sic. And
Ihewd them yery freely to all lovers of fuel, Cur, of, Ms s 1 gayc my yery
particular and intimate Friend Mr. Courten whateyer 1 brought with me,
that he wanted in his extraordinary Mufeum. Amongft other Perf ms
whofaw them, was Sir Arthur Rawdon, who obferying the great Variety
of Plants I had brought with me, fent o yer Mr .James Harlow, a Gar¬
dener, {who bad formerly gone to Virginia for Mr. Watts) to bring the
Plants them/ehes aliye to him, for his Garden at Moyra m Ireland.
This Mr. Harlow perform’d, and there they grew and came many of t m
to great perfeBion. He not only brought oyer with him a Ship aimoft
laden with Cafes of Trees, and Herbs, planted and growing in Earth,
hut alfo a great number of Samples of them yery well prefery d in Pape, ■
and blowing that he that went o yer on purpofe, might meet wit > fome

.*■ -y-\

The PREFACE.

things I had not obfervd , and feen others in different Seafons from me,
I wrote to Sir Arthur Rawdon and my Very learned Friend Dr. William
Sherard, who then was with him , to defire the favour of them, that in
order to the perfeBing my Account of Jamaica, I might haVe a fight of
what of that kind he brought oVer with him. This Sir Arthur Rawdon
and Dr. Sherard not only granted, but alfo made me a Prefent of fuch
Samples as had been brought over which I wanted. The fteader will find
thefe taken notice ff, m JeVer al Places of this Hiftory. After I had
perufed them, they were, together with abundance of other rare Plants, by
Dr. Sherar d's DireBion font to Oxford, where Mr Jacob Bobart has
made Very good life of them in the Hiftory of Plants he" lately pubhfh’d
there i and left there might from dry Samples, come any Confufion in Na¬
tural Hiftory, Dr. Sherard afterwards at my Pgqueft gave me the View
of fuch Plants as Mr. Bobart had defcrWd , ivhich has enabled me to put
the Synonymous Names of the aforefaid Hiftory of Plants , pulliftrd by
Mr. Bobart, which the Reader ivill Ukewife find taken notice of in their
due places. Thefe were not the only Favours I had of Dr. Sherard 5 for he
furnifhed me with many fcarce IBooks he bought in his Travels beyond Sea.

> . o

Many Perfons were defirous I Jbouldpublfi? an Account of what 1 met
with towards the forwarding Natural Hiftory , 1 confuted to this, provided
the Obfervations 1 had made, Jbould be thought worthy of Publication.
1 thought the great eft Judge I could adVife with , in thefe Grcumftariee$y
was Mr. Ray, who for his Probity, Learning , Language, See. feemd to
me the propereft to advife with: I therefore waited on him, jhewd him

fome of the Plants, and tranfmitted to him my Obfervations on them. I

■

de fired him to correct them and add his Emendations. He was pleaftd
to approve of them, and thinf much better of them than I my felf did, or
do 3 fo that the Emendations 1 expeBed, are wanting. I am afraid, his
'Jfindnefs, and favourable Opinion of .pie, may he the caufe 3 for I a?/i fen -
ftble there are herein a great many faults, not only in Hypothefes or
Opinions, which I propofe "only as Conjectures, and frill eaftly part with .
but there are Ukewife many imperfections in .the Language, and in the Ob¬
fervations themfelvys, whiff ipere generally written in bafte, and by me,
who know too well how unduly qualified I am for fuch an Undertaking.
1 However, fuch as they were, when 1 was refolVd to publifi? them, 1
thought it neceffary to loojg into the Books in JeVeral Languages, which
treated of thofe Subjects 1 either dejignedly or accidentally. Some Men

feem

The PREFACE.

fem t0 great defire to be the fir ft Authors of dij cohering fuch or

fuch plants , and to have them carry their Names in the firft Place, but
I endeavour'd rather to find if any thing l had obfcrv’d was taken No¬
tice of by other Perform, I therefore looked into mo ft Books of this Nature
and the greate ft part of what I found , is publift/d in the Catalogue of
Jamaica Plants I printed about ten Tears fince, wherein I endeavour d to
do right to the firft Authors and the Public ft, It is a Catalogue of the
Plants I met with at Jamaica,^. Which I thinly for Synonymous Names
of the Plants therein mentioned, is fomewhat more Copious and exalt than
any other before it: And which may be of fome Ufe to inquifitive Per fins,
efpecially when they fi?all have this Hiftory of the things therein contain’d.

I have not reprinted in this Poofi thofi Names or Titles, becaufi ’twos
great Labour, and is done there already, but have only added the Syno¬
nymous Names I found in fuch Books as are fince Publifh’d or come to
my Hands. The looking after the ObferVations of Others, to make this
more Exalt and Ufiful, has given an Opportunity to feVeral People to an¬
ticipate me, by either Publifhing fuch Things as 1 have fhewn them, told
them, or communicated to Mr. Courten, from whom they had them •
wherein they have committed fome Miftakes , for want of full Information
or exalt Memory.

1 have been fometimes fhort, in giving the Ufis of theft Plants , but
I hope I may be underftood, and the Author whofi Name is fit down
( Abb) eVtafed,) may on any Ambiguous or Obfcure Paffage be confulted,
for thoft Notes were written to bring to my Mind what they faid, to be
perufed at leifure, and model! d after, which I have never yet had time
to do. The principal Tefign of them was, that the Inhabitants of thoft
Places , might underftand what lifts the Plants they have growing Sponte
or in Gardens with them , are put to in any of the Countries wherever they
grow, that ft they may have recourft to them in Cafes that require them.

It is Very hard to carry thither fuch European Simples as are proper for
the Cure of all forts of Difiafis, and People are put to it to find fuch as
are effectual in fome of them, and yet will keep their Vertues. This pu^gl’d
me JeVeral times, as may be feen in the following Medical ObferVations.

The firft Volume contains an Introduction, giving an Account of the
Situation, Temperature, Tifeafts, See. of the Ifiand, which feem’d neceffary
to be premis’d to the Hiftory itfelft After this, follows the Voyage thither,

P and

The PREFACE. __

and then the Hiftoyy of the (plants that grow there , in which I have fol¬
lowed moftly the Method of Mr. Ray in his Hiftory of Plants , joining
his Genera or Tribes together by the Method of Rivinus, or Number of
the Petala or Leaves of the Flowers 5 As thofe which are Monopetalous
fir ft, thofe Dipetalous next , the Tripetalous, Tetrapetalous,

Pentapetalous, Hexapetalous, and fuch as have no exali Numbers of
Coloured Leaves in their Flowers. When this Fit ft or y was begun , and
near ftnifhed , I wanted conftderable helps , the Method of the great
Botanift 5>. Tournefort not printed , much lefs the Boot of new
Njnds of Weft-India (Pknfx, lately publijh’ d by Monfi Plunder, wfco,
ftnce my Return from the Weft-Indies, went into the Carib e-Iflands,
and there obfervd and deftgnd himfelf many of the Plants Very accu¬
rately. He has engraVd them himfelf and printed a Poof which con -
Jlfts chiefly of Ferns 3 And has faV d me a great deal of Trouble , finding
his Figures fo Good , that I did not judge it neceffary the fame Plants
fhould be engraven again , but be only ref err d to, in my Hiftory.

In the Second are contained the Trees, the Quadrupeds, Birds,
Fifties, Teftaceous and Cruftaceous Animals, and Infedts, &c.

It may be asftd me to what Purpofes ferVe fuch Accounts, I anfwer
that the Ifnowlege of Natural-Hiftory, being ObferVation of Matters of
FaH , is more certain than moft Others, and in my fender Opinion, lefs
fubjeSi to Miftakes than Reafonings, Hypothefes, and Dedudions
are 3 And on this Occafion I have heard it reported of Gabriel Naude,
That he ufed to fay he Acquiefcd in the Ecclefiaftical Hiftory, Doubted
the Civil, and Believ’d the Natural. Thefe are things we are fur e of
fo far as our Senfes are not fallible-, and which, in probability, have been
ever ftnce the Creation , and will remain to the End of the World, in
the fame Condition we now find them: They afford great Matter of
Admiring thePower,Wtfdom andProVidence of Almighty God, in Creating,
and Preferring the things he has created. There appears fo much Con¬
trivance, in the Variety of Beings, prefer V d from the beginning of the
World, that the more any Man fearches, the more he will admire 5 And
conclude them, Very ignorant in the Hiftory of Nature, who Jay, they were
the Produllions of Chance .

Another

The PREFACE

Another life of this Hiftory may he , to teach the Inhabitants of the
Parts where thefe Plants grow , their federal Ufes , which I have endea¬
vour'd to do, by the beft Informations I could get from Books, and the
Inhabitants, either Europeans, Indians or Blacks. Jamaica had been
before it was taken by the Englilh, in the poffejfion of the Spaniards,
almoji from the time the Weft-Indies were dif cover’d : They had brought
many Fruit-Trees from the Main-Continent, where they are Maflers,
and fujfer no other Europeans to come 3 which throve wonderfully, and
now grow as it were Sponte : Thefe they made ufe of for Food , Phs-
Jic, See. And were forc'd to leave with their Habitations , to the Englifti,
and the Skill of Ufing them remain'd with the Blacks and Indians,
many of whom cayne , upon a Proclamation that they fhould be Free,
fubynitted peaceably, and liv'd with the Englifh after the Spaniards
had deferted it. There were aynong thefe, feVeral which yyiade fmall
Playitations of their owyi, wherein they took, care to preferVe and pro¬
pagate fuch Vegetables as grew in their own Couyitries , to ufe them as
they faw occa/ion : 1 made fearch after thefe, ayid what I found, is re¬
lated in this Hiftory. Be fide s thefe Helps, fome of the Dutch who had

liv'd in Brafil, cayne hither, and others of the Dutch and English from
Surinam, where they had obferv'd the EffeEls of fome Playits they ynetwith
in Jamaica, and ufed them for the fame Purpofes they had doyie in Brafi[
and Surinam, towards the Belief of the Inhabitants. For this Pgaf°n
the Beader will find herein, yyiany of the Vertues of Plants to agree with
the ObferVations of Authors , writing of other Parts of the Weft-Indie^.

There is another Ufe to be made of this Book, , which is this 3 In read -
pig Voyages, and talking with Travellers to the Weft-Indies, <Crc. one
fhall meet with Words, and Flames of Thhigs, one has no FLotion or Con_
ception of : by lookjyig for fuch Flames in the Index of the Catalogue of Ja¬
maica Playits, you are referr'd to the Page where you find a Lift of fuch
as have treated of it 3 And in this Hiftory under the fir ft Title of it in the
Catalogue, is the Hiftory of it. If on the other hand, ayiy Perfon defires to
know who has written of fuch or fuch a Playit hi Jamaica, him look.into
the Catalogue, and under the firfi Title of the Plant, he will find Cita¬
tions to direlt him to the Pages of mofi of the Books wherein it is
fpoken of

Another

+

The PREFACE.

Another Advantage, the tfnowlege of what is produced there naturally
hints, is a Confideration of the Caufes of fome Very fir ange, but certain,
Matters of Fall. It has puzzl’d the Thilofophers of all Ages, to give
an Account how Tarts of Vegetables and Animals, (Real Sea-Shells and
Subfiances fhould be found remote from the Seas, wherein they feem to
have been produced and bred. This Phenomenon win appear Jlranger,
when it is made out, that many of the Subfiances, as for mftance, Co¬
rals, Echini marini, the Palats and Tongues of Filhes hereafter de¬
ferred, and which note live and breed in the Seas, adjoining to Jamaica,
and no nearer than fame few Degrees on this fide, are found in as great
plenty in the Inland Tarts of England imbedded in the Earth, Clay,
Sand, Chalk., or Stone, as if it had once been the natural Tlace of their
' TroduBion and Increafe , This I was Very much furprisd to find.

Thefe matters of FaB being certainly laid down, may perhaps afford
fome Hints for the more clear Reafonings and DeduBions of better
Heads ; And I know not but that the feveral Species of new Ferns, and
fome Tlants by me found there, and here deferib’d and figur’d, may be
difeover’d upon fome of the Stones or Slates called Werk, which lie in
plenty in the Strata over the Cole-pits in many Tlaces of England.
Thefe Tlants and their Impreffions are of feveral Jfinds, and many of
them are not to be reduced to the Ferns or Tlants, found in England
er the adjoining Countries. His Grace the Duke of Beaufort has done
me the honour to give we fome of thefe Slates he had in Gloceftermire.
Dr. Richardfon from Yorkfhire has communicated feveral of them to
meb as has alfo Mr. Beaumont from Somerfetlhire.

Upon the fir ft DtfcoVery of thtV? eft-indies JeVeral People went thither
on the Account of obferving its Natural TroduBions. The fir ft that 1
read of is one Codrus an Italian, who went from Spain for that pur-
pofe. The DtfcoVeries he made were but few , or not communicated to
the World : The only Account we have of him , is in Peter Martyr s
Decads, wherein that Elegant Writer acquaints the Pope, what News
they then had in Spain, from the Weft-Indies. Hernandez was fent
ly the King of Spain, to fearcb after Natural TroduBions about Mc-
xico i He dejignd and deferib’d many of the things he met with , at the

'Expence of 6ooooVucats 5 his Tapers were put into the bands o/Nardus

" Antonius

The PREFACE.

Antonius Reechos, fromwhofe Manufcripts they were by the Lyncei
tpuhlijb’d at Rome, Anno 1 649. They were changd from their
frft order , as appears by the Spanifh -Copy, (printed at Afexico 5 and
dis pity that they were alter'd, and are fo Jhort and obfeure : Meeting
with many of the Plants he deferibes in Jamaica, I had a great mind to
be fatisfied about them , and being told that the Original Draughts were
m the King of Spain 5 Library , in the Efcurial near Madrid, I wrote
to Mr. Aglionby when he was Envoy from the late King William to
the Court of Spain, to procure a Sight of that Worf, and give me an
Account of it. He was fo obliging as to take the Pains to go thither ,
and was told that the Poof was there , and that he fhould fome time or
other fee it 3 which , tho he endeavour'd feVer al Times , yet he could never
effect. Neither had other curious Travellers , better Fortune 3 for when
they had heard of this Poof, and {knowing of what importance it would be
to fee thefe Originals ) did endeavour to procure a Sight of them, the Li-
brary-Kpepcrs were fo ignorant , to produce to them , fome other Poof, no
ways to the Purpofe. Upon the whole matter, 1 am apt to thinf the
Originals were carried to Rome, where the Hi [lory was Publifh'd, and
that they remain d there with Recchus his Nephew 3 where, if my Me¬
mory fail me not , Fabius Golumna fays he Jaw them , and that they
are either to be found there , or at Naples, where Columna liv’d, that
wrote Notes on them, or that they arc loft. However, it went with the
Manufcript , from which that at Rome was publifh'd 3 there wai
a Copy printed at Mexico in Spanifh, in the Tear 1615. Francifco
Ximenes, one who attended the Sick, of the Hofpital in that City , pub¬
lifh'd it then, with Emendations , Notes, and the Additional ObferVa-
tions he had made of feVeral Simples he had found in Efpaniola, or
Sto. Domingo, and other Iflands of the WefLlndies. John de Laet
mentions this Poof in Latin, and from him Vander Linden, in his
Poof de Scriptis Aledicis has, I fuppofe, taken its Title, but I Verily
believe it was never printed in any other Language than Spanifh. John
de Laet takes many things out of him , and puts them Very often in a
wrong Place , as additional to the Obfervations o/M’arcgrave in Brafile?
in the Edition of that Author, publifh’d by him in 1648. Put that Fault
may be eafily pardon'd, in one who was no more than a Co lie El or and Editor
of Poofs wherein he did not pretend to any great Knowlege.

C

The PREFACE.

The firft 1 have feen among the French, who made any Natural Ob¬
ferVations in the Weft-Indies to Turpofe , was John de Lery3 He
went to Brafile, which Voyage he wrote , and gives a good and pleafant
Account of many Things he met with . The next ivas Andre Thevec,
who publifh’d an Account of Brafile, under the Name of France An-
tartique 3 he went the fame Voyage , I thinks, the Tear after c!e Lery,
and writes of the fame things in fuch a manner , that one would be apt
to fufpeCi he had feen Lery’r Tapers. The next upon this Argument ,
was Jacjues Bouton, who wrote of the Ifland Martinico, which was
the firft fettl d of any of the French Iflands. His Accounts are but very
fhort-j however, from him the other French Writers, 1 think, took, many
of their Names of Natural things. J. B. du Tertre wrote of the
Carib t-ljlands. His Work. was pretty Large and lifeful, and was con¬
tain d at firft in one Volume, printed in in 1654, in 4:0 and afterwards
came out in 3 Vol. in \ 667 -71. Here are therein many (fiemarfs
- and ObferVations upon the French -Iflands, and for Natural Hiflory,
many things are figured, which , tho not Very accurately , yet are truer
than thofe of any before him. Monf. Rochefort printed a (Book of the
Caribes, after du Tertre 3 he feems to me to have taken many things
from the firft Edition of du Tertre, and to agree with him in mofi
things : The Figures he gives, 1 fuppofe were not drawn upon the Tlace ,
but by Memory , and are , for that Bgafon, not to be regarded. This
Book, is printed in Englifh, in Folio, under the Title of the Hifiory
of the C&ribe-Iflands.

*n » - . * * r \ \ » . * 1 •, , d ' ' » T ■ .

According to the Bivifion of the New-dif cover’d World, between the
Spaniards and Portuguefe, the lafi poffefsd themfelves of Brafile 3
Amongfl others of that Nation who went thither , was one, fuppos d to
be a Jefuit of Elvas, whofe Name is ghef s’ d to be Tr. Manoel, who
had the care of the Sick, of the College of Baya, made ObferVations of
that Country, and wrote them in a Book in the Portuguefe Language :
This Book was taken by Mr. Cook of Dartmouth, tranfiated and
publifE d by Purchas, p. 1 189. Pilgr. part. 4. Tho this was in itfilf
a Very Jhort Relation, a?id little more than the Names of things, yet fall¬
ing into the Hands of the Dutch, by being taken Notice of by de LaeC
in his America, {who had it out of Purchas r Collections ,) it gave them
occafion to enquire after many things therein mention d 3 when they had

conquer’d

The PREFACE.

conquer’d the great eft: Tart of Brafile : Pifo who was a Thyfician , and
Marcgrave an Iriduftrious Scholar , going out of Holland thither were
Very curious , and tooly great care to obferVe what they thought worth
‘Notice, and had Marcgrave liv’d to have publifh’d his own Obferva-
tions , that Worl » would have been much more conftderable 3 but his Ta¬
pers falling into the Hands, fir ft of John de Laet, who, tho ’ a Learned
Man, yet was ignorant of Natural Hiftory 3 and then of Pifo, who, tho ’
he was a Tragical Thyftcian , yet had no great Knowlege of Natural
things 5 are not fo much to be depended on as one could wifh : The Figures
and Defcriptions are tranfpos’d, as I haVe found by examination, and the
fir ft Edition is preferable to the Second, wherein Pifo hath taken too much
Liberty of afcribing the Vertues of European Herbs to thofe of the fame
Tribe in Braille. ’Tis Very evident the Vertues of all Tlants of the fame
Tribe, are not always found to correfpond 3 we need go no farther than
this Hiftory, wherein the Spanifli Pataca eaten commonly in Jamaica,
is a true Convolvulus, the 7110ft part of which Family purge 3 the Caffa-
da, of the Toot of which Tread is made, is a true Ricinus, the Tribe
of which, generally fpeaking, Vomit and purge with great Violence, See.

It may be objected, that ’ tis to no purpofe to any in thefe Tarts of the
World, to loot after fUQb Herbs, See. becaufe we neVer fee them 5 1 an -
fwer, that many of them and their feVeral Tarts have been brought over,
and are ufed in Medicines every day, and more may, to the great Ad¬
vantage of Thyftcians and Tatients , were Teople inquifetive enough to
loot after them. The Tlants them] elves have been hkewife brought over,
planted, and throve very well at Moyra, in Ireland, by the DircEtion
of Sir Arthur Rawdon 3 as alfo by the Order of the Tjght TgVerend
Dr. Henry Compton, Bifhop of London, c it Fulham ^ cit Chelfea
by Mr. Doudy 3 and Enfield by the TgVerend Dr. Robert llvedale 3
and in the 'Botanic Gardens of Amfterdam, Leyden, Leipfick?
Upfal, eye. but efpecially at Badminton in Gloceiler-iliire, where
they are not only rais’d fome few handfuls high, but come to TerfeElion,
flower and produce their ripe Fruits , even to my Admiration 3 and that,
by the Dire Elion of her Grace the Duchefs of Beaufort, who at her
leifure Hours, from her more ferious Affairs, has taken pleafure to com -
inand the raifing of Tlants in her Garden, where, by means of StoVes and
Infirmaries , many of them haVe come to greater TerfeElion, than in any
Tart of Europe.

It

The PREFACE.

It may be objected, that there is no end of fuel? DifcoVeries, that
every Country , and difiant Climate , has different plants, not to be found
in England. 1 anfwer it is not fo , for tho England be Very remote , both
in Longitude and Latitude, from Jamaica., yet 1 found there many Plants,
which grow Sponte, which alfo I found to grow ipild in England, and
more 1 obfervd to be common to that Place, and the South Parts of France.
py Collections fent to the Very Induftrious and Skilful Pot am ft Mr. Petiver,
others , and my felf, from Spain, Portugal, Barbary, Guinea, and
the Eaft-Indies, as well as by the Hortus Malabaricus, I find a great
many Plants common to Spain, Portugal and Jamaica, more common
to Jamaica and the Eaft-Indies, and mofi: of all common to Jamaica
and Guinea 3 fo that the following Hifiory may reafonably be fuppos’d,
not only to deferibe mofi: of the Katural Productions o/Efpaniola, Bar¬
bados and the other hot American Ifles, but alfo many of thofe of
Guinea and the Eaft-Indies, and therefore may be thought to contribute
to the more diftinCl Jfnowlege of aU thofe Parts.

I have been fo conVerfant in Matters of this nature for feVeral Pears,
that I know ’tis impoffble to efcape the Cenfure of feVeral forts of Men ,
as the Envious and Malitious, who will, 1 am fure, fpare no Pains to
find Faults 3 thofe who firiVe to make ridiculous any thing of this kind,
and think themfehes great Wits, hut are Very Ignorant , and underfiand
nothing of the Argument. Thefe, if one were afraid of them, and con¬
futed his own Eafe, might pojjibly hinder the Publication of any fuel \
Work, ^e Efforts to be expeCled from them, making pojjibly fome tin -
preffion upon Perfons of equal Pifpofitions 3 but confi dering that I have
the Approbation of Others, whofe Judgement, ffnowlege, See. I have
great reafon to Value 5 And confidering that thefe forts of Men, have
been in all Ages ready to do the like, not only to ordinary Perfons, and
their Equals, but even to abufe their Princes, and blafpheme their Maker $
1 fi?all, as 1 have, ever fence I feriou fly confiderd this Matter , think of,
and treat them with the greatefi Contempt.

.1 ^

• 1'

THE

INTRODUCTION.

TH E firft Difcovery of the Weft Indies, to me feems to
have been accidental, as has happen’d in moft other
great Difcoveries. Chriftopher Columbus, fir ft folicited
the King of Portugal to fet him out ; but that Prince
being wearied with the Difcoveries, and little Advantage of Guinea,
would not meddle in it. Cbriftopber then fent his Brother Bartho¬
lomew into England, on the fame Errand, in the Year 1488. I have
made as good a fearch as I could, after a Map which was made at
London, by this Bartholomew Columbus, whereby he would have induc’d
King Henry VIL to have been the fitter of him out, but I could not
hear of it, neither at the Royal Library at St. James's, nor any
where elfe. This Map, and this Propofal Were not regarded, and
3tis a common Tradition, that inftead of difcovering the Weft- Indies,
there was bought at Antwerp, a Suit of fine Tapiftry Hangings, with
Money that had been fet apart, and thought fufficient for that purpofe,
Thefe Hangings are now faid to remain at Hampton Court. This
Map, which feems to me to have been made from the Letters ofcc
Paolo Fificoof Florence, in 1474. ’tis likely was a Sea-Chart of the
Parts of the World then known ; wherein thofe to the Weft were
Ireland , the Azores, Cape Verd, and the Coaft ot Guinea. It had to
the Eaft, the Parts of China, then lately difeover’d, which they then
thought were fifteen Hours Eaft of Portugal, and they were ftill
of Opinion^ that they had not reach’d the extreme Parts of the Eaft -
Indies or Cipango, call’d Japan, where, Report had told them, were
great Riches. Therefore, there being, as they thought, only abouc
one third of the way toCataio and China, if they went by the Weft,
they concluded the beft and neareft way to take that Courle. On this
miftaken Foundation, {China, by later Dilcoveries, being only about
eight Hours Eaft) and fome probabilities from fome Artificial and Na¬
tural things, driven on Shore by the Winds and Currents on the Azores
and Porto Santo, which came to the Knowledge of Columbus , (who
had been wreck’d at Lisbon, and was married to the Widow 01 one

( a ) Pereftrdlo ,

The Introduction.

1!

PereHrello, who was the Difcovercr of Madera and <Porto Santo) .he
projected’ going to the farther Part of the Ea(i- Indies , not yet dis¬
cover’d ; where common Fame, and the aflurance of People
come from thence, told them, were Houles covered with Gold,
(in fome parts fomc of them at this Day are gilded) Spices and
other very rich Commodities in great plenty. He was opposd
in this Project by learned Men, and with Difficulty was at laft be¬
liev’d by I/abeUa , then Queen to Ferdinand King of Spain, who be¬
ing influenced by her Confcffor, Luigi di S. Angelo. , in favour of this

* Mariana, Projeft, pawn’d her Jewels to equip Columbus , who * * by this means
/. 16. c. 3 gQt fevenceen thoufand Ducats. He fetout Auguft *492. and went
through many Difaflers, endured much Pain, Watching and perpe¬
tual Labour. He by thefe means, kept his Men from Mutinies, and
at length difcover’d (ome Birds, afterward fome Land-herbs and Fruits
the Sea, and at laft Saint Salvador or Guanahani, one of the Lucaie
or ! Bahama Iflands,on the 12th of OBober , and on the 15 th he came
to the North-fide of Fiifpaniolcu He left mere fome Men, and took
thence, to fhew in Spain, fome Indians , Gold, Parrats, Maiz, or
Indian Corn, and other valuable orftrange things. On the 4th of
January , 1493. he fet Sail from Hifpaniola lot Spain, and arrived at
Lisbon the 4th of March in the fame year, and at Palos in Spain the
the 1 3th of the fame Month, that is, in feven Months and eleven
Days from going out.

Columbus , likewife brought into Europe in his Ship, and firft Voyage,
from thefe places, the Pox, which fpread fo quickly all over Europe ,
that Antonins PeniveniuSj who was at that time a great and famous
Pratfifer in Phyfick at Florence , in the firft Chapter of his Book
de Jbditis nonnullis ac mirandis morborum , & fanationum caufis , tells
?Tis’ us, that the Lues Venerea then beginning in Spain, had fpread itfelf
through Italy f and France, and that in the Year 1496, it had poffefs’d
many People in all the Provinces of Europe. Dodcn<eu$, likewife tells
us, that thisDifeafe very much raged in the War that Charles VIII.
King of France had with A llphonfus King or “Maples in the Year 1494*
t and yet thinks Gulielnm de Saliceto, f who liv’d m i 270. Vale feus de
lub^capy Tarenta, || who liv’d in 1418. and Bemardus de Gordonio, who died
in 1305. give us an account of fome Symptoms of it.

I am of Opinibn notwithftanding what thefe have faid, and fome
other lefs material Paffages in antient Writers and Hiftorians, and
wha Joannas ab Arderne has written about An. 136c. and likewife whac

. p w Stow * fays of the Laws of the publick Stews in Southwark, that

r. 445- - J ■ - - - - ‘ ' this

: ' •

The Introduction.

in

this was a Diftemper altogether new in Europe, Africa and Jfia be¬
fore it was brought from the Weft.Ind.es. The Difeafes mention’d
by the be sore - ciced Authors being different from that Diftemper
both in Symptoms and Cure, only perhaps communicated (ome!
what after the fame manner ; [ have feen fome fuch lingular Cafes
attended with confiderable Inconveniences and Fears, and vet not at
all pocky. 5

The 25th of September, 1495. Chriftopher Columbus let Sail a fe-
cond time for Hi/paniola , and difcover'd the Caribes. After he came
to the Fort he. had left, f he found all the Spaniards dead, and this fColeat <
account of them from the Indians , that fo foon as he had fail’d for ' ° 9‘

Spain , mortal Difcords had ariien about Gold and Women, each of
the Spaniards pretending to barter for Gold for himfelfj and to
take as many, and what Women he pleas'd, without being fatisfied
with what was thought reafonable, and allotted them by the Cacique ,

Indian Captain, or King ; that fome of them had gone on thefe Er¬
rands towards the Mines, where one Caunapo , a Cacique, had killed
mod of them, and come and burnt their Fort, whereby the remain¬
der flying had been drown'd, and were perifhed.

jj After Columbus s Return to Bifpaniola , he went to difcover the it Cole. $4
South fide of Cuba , thinking that to be the Continent, and not an
Eland.

He was inform'd in the other Ifies, that in Jamaica was Gold,
wherefore he went towards it, difcover'd it on Sunday the $d of
May, 1494. and on Monday the next day, he came thither. He
found none of that Metal, but great Number of Canoes and armed
Inhabitants, who had better Underftandings than thole of the other
Elands, and who oppos'd his Landing. Some of them were hurt
by Guns, and the relF yielded, and were peaceable. Columbus , as he
coafted the North lide, was extremely pleas'd with this Eland,
thinking it furpaffed any he had yet feen, for Verdure, Fertility,
Vi&uals, &c, which he judged to come from its being water'd
with Showers drawn thither by the Woods, which he had obferv’d
to produce the like in the * Canaries and Madera before their being
clear’d of Trees.

When Columbus, in f his third Voyage, had been to difcover the
Continent, he met with very contrary Winds and Currents (which
ran always here Weftwardly) fo that he was forc’d to come to this
Eland, where his Ships being worm-eacen,could carry him no farther.

He

* Oviedo,

Cor. c. 48.
Linfcbot.
defer. Amer,
t Col. c. 1 o<$
Martyr.

|-

I

•vr

iv

Ibe Introduction.

TZZhete in great diftrefs, and his Men had mutiny d Some of
them he fent in a Canoe to Htfpaniola, the others remained with him
SmZuono, in the North.fide of J amaica, being an extraordinary
good Port, and the place which was afterwards called by the Spa
niards SeVtlla, and at this day St. Anns. The Indians murmured, t in -
"Tone Chriftian eat as much as twenty of them, and would no
fupport them, till Columbus || took the advantage °f fclipfe was
tCoU ic?. toPbc the next night, vi% thexpthof February 1504. He told eta
the God of the Chriftians was angry with them, and would fend
hem Peftilence and Famine, if they did not relieve his Men. As
a fign of the truth of it, next night they fliould lee the Moon
echpted. The Indians brought him V.iftua s, when they law the
Prediction fulfill’d, defiring he would intercede for them and pro-
mife to fight their Enemies. This he engag d to do, and came out
of hisClofet at the time when he knew the Echpfe was to en , ay-
ing his Prayers were granted. He liv’d by the effects of t is c ip e
nil Boats came from Htfpaniola, and carried him and his Men thr- -
* Fm,m ,her This Story is the more Authentic, becaule the Aut or was
o/. o ; fem w4 his Father. + This lfland was conquered un-

” o*X der Thn Diego Colon by Juan de Efqmvel, and other Captains. n
Car. 49- fome [mall time the Indian Inhabitants, to the number of fixty
_ . de thoufand 11 were all deftroyed by the Seventies of the Spaniards,

P fending to Mines, <*. I have feen in the Woods, many of their

Bones m Caves, which fome people thought were of fuch as had
voluntarily inclos’d or immured themfelves, in order to be ftarved
to death, to avoid the Severities of their Matters.

However the Spaniards planted here as at Htfpaniola, and from
hence * Garay Governour of it in 1 515. went in three Ships an
difeover’d Florida from the Cape of that name to Fera-cru^, and
would have planted it, had he not been hindered by Cortes. Tnis
lfland had in it, in the North fide i Sevilla now called St. Anns, the
Ruins of which are now to be feen. In this Town were large Houles,

and a Cathedral Church, of which the famous filer X^Thnnof
hot 11 The Abbot of this place was Suffragan to the Archbifhop of
slo i Htfpaniola. On the fame fide of the lfland, about ele¬

ven Leaeuef to the Bail of Sevilla was Mellila, and fourteen Leagues
from it on the South fide was Onftan. It was very meanly inhabited
bv the Spaniards, * had no Money f and only fifty Perions in ne
Town but thev had || Crawles and Stancias, where was planted
lZ ’ It hacF Beeves wild, and fo confequently Hides and dry d
Beef isrc and was reckoned the moll pleafant and fruitful file m t e
Weft-Indies, and a Store-houle for the Main. Notwithllanding this

las Cafas.

* Galvanos ,
p IG8-4"

t Laet.pA 0.

11 Vs. p. 9-

* Chilton.

f Alex. Ur-
fine- 1 4 1 S>.

|| Earl of
Cumberland^

1147.

Sir Antony
Sberley, p.
596. and
00 1,

The Introduction,

v

it was taken in 1596. by one Shirley , to whom its people fub-
mitted.

The IfLnd Jamaica , had this name at the time of its firfb Dif-
covery by Columbus The Spaniards write ic either J a-* Cole. 54.

tnayca or TCamaica, J Confonant and X, amongft them, being pro¬
nounc'd as a GreeA. X. It afterwards was called St. Jago ; f but ioont
obtained again its firft name, which it retain'd when it was taken dtc'
by the Englijh Army, Tent into thefe parts under General Venables
in the year 1655. The Dependents and Pofterity of Columbus
were, and are ftill called Dukes of Veragua and Vega , and Mar-
queffes of Jamaica. Columbus had this Ifland given him and his
Heirs by the Crown of Spainy in place of feveral Privileges and
Ducies he was by agreement to have had, as firft Difcoverer and
Admiral of thefe Seas, which were, after coming to the knowledge
of them, thought too great for a Subject to enjoy. It is called
la Jamaique by the French, and Gjamaica, by the Italians. The ifland
of Antego , one of the Antijles or Caribes , had the fame name with
this Ifland given it by the Indians , but ic was foon changed to that
of Santa Maria del Antigua from whence the prefent name is by cor¬
ruption || derived. II c- 47*

Jamaica lies in that part of the North Sea, which wafhes the Eaft
fide of the Continent of America . This Sea is called the Mare Doreale,
Septentrionale , or Mar del Nort , to diftinguifh it from the (Pacific or
South Sea, called Mar del Zur , which lies Weft of the main Land of
America . It lies nearer the Continent or Main, than raoft of the
other confiderable American files ; which Iflands, as it were, guard
it from the violence of the Winds, and great Atlantic Ocean, and
render it fitter for the produce of the Manufacture and Trade of
thole parts, than any of them. It has many Caps , commonly
called Keys, Shoals and Rocks round it, whereby ignorant Sailers
are incommoded. It lies to the South Weft of England at about
fifteen hundred Leagues, or four thoufand five hundred Miles di-
ftance from it. Ic has to the Eaft of it Hifpaniola, or Santo ‘Do¬
mingo, about thirty five Leagues diftant. To the North Cuba
diftant about twenty Leagues , to the South Porto Delo, and to
the South Eaft Santa Martha , both about one hundred and fixey
Leagues off, and it has alfo Cartagena one hundred and forty Leagues
diftant. Thele three laft places are on the Continent of Ame¬
rica and very great places for Trade, Cartagena for Gold and Silver,

Ponobelo for the fame, Ca/carilla , the Bark of Peru , or Jefuits
Powder, and SarJ apartlla, and Santa Martha for Pearls, all which
are brought to Jamaica , in exchange for Blacks and European Com¬
modities0 Befides, ic lies near Campeche and Vera Cru^, the firft a
very considerable place for Logwood, and the other being the fort

( b) Town

VI

The Introduction.

Town to Mexico, for its trading in Gold and Silver, Cochenille, and
SarJaparilla. It has a fituation very happy, likewife in this refpe<ft,
that it is near the Caymanes , the Cayos or defert Rocks or files, of
Cuba , and the Ifle de Vacas , des Vaches , or of Afh , where the
Tut tiers feldom fail of getting plenty of Turtle or Tortoifes, to fur-
nifli the inferior fort of people with good Food, at an eafie and
moderate price.

The Latitude of St, Jago de la Vega , or Spanift? Town in Ja¬
maica is 1 7°. id. North of the Equinoctial, between it and the
Tropic of Cancer , fo that it is placed in the Torrid Zone. Its In¬
habitants are Amphijcii , that is, have their Shadows thrown South of
them, that part of the Year when the Sun is to the North of them,
and North the greateft part of the Year, yi%. when the Sun is to the
Southwards of them. When the Sun is vertical, or direCtly over
their Heads, they are Afeii, that is, their Bodies at Noon have no
Shadow at all, and this happens twice a year, that is, when the
Sun is going to the Tropic of Cancer , and returning from the
fame.

It is eafie to find from its Latitude, that ’cis in the Arabic , or fe-
cond Climate, according to that divifion of the Earth, whereby
i o°. of Latitude is allowed each Climate, and which has its Name
from Arabia , which is comprehended in it. It is alfo plain, that the
days and nights mu ft be very near equal the year round ; fo that there
will be only an hours difference between the length of the longeft
day in Summer, and the fhorteft in Winter. This Latitude, likewife
demonftrates that the Twilight here, between the Sun’s fetting, and
no perception of any of his Rays at night (which is when it is about
i8°. under the Horizon) or fome of his Rays being feen, and
his Body vifible in the morning, will be very fhort, or not near
fo long, as the fame continues in places that are fituated in an ob¬
lique Sphere.

The Longitude of the middle of this Ifland is about y6° . Weft of
London , this has been afeertain’d by Obfervations of leveral Eclipfes
by Mr. Charles Boucher, who fent thefe Obfervations to Mr. Halley,
fo that I cannot but wonder how CbriJJopher Columbus could miftake
* Cap. 5;. fo much as * to fay that by an Obfervation of an Eclipfe of the
Moon, the Eaft end of Hifpaniola was five hours twenty three mi¬
nutes Weft of Cadiz^, whereas by Mr. Bouchers, and later Obierva-
tions, it is certain Jamaica is not much over five hours Weft of Lon¬
don. That is to fay, when ’tis about twelve a Clock at Noon at
London , ’tis about feven in the morning at Jamaica , and when ’tis
five a Clock in the evening in London, "tis about twelve at Noon at
Jamaica. But the value of the (Philippine Iflands, which were to
belong to the Crowns of Spain or Portugal , by the Popes Bull, ac¬
cording

The Introduction.

cording to their diftance from the Line of Divifion of the World
was the occafion of great Miftakes in the Relations and Maps of Sea!
men, which have fome of them but very lately been rectified, and
I doubt Tome may yet be left wrong placed.

This Ifland lies Eafi and WeB, and is about one hundred forty
Miles long, and about fixty broad in the broadeft place, which is
near to its middle, it decreafing towards both extreams, in many
places, being not half fo broad. But it is not very eafie to be very
exadt in this, becaufe of the many turnings of the ways, or courfes
of the Gullies or Torrents, by which thofe who crofs the Country,
muff pafs.

I find by an account given to Sir Thomas Lynch , when he was Go¬
vernor of Jamaica, that from Point Morant to Point Ne»ril, the
Courfe N. W. Si. deg. 140 Miles dift. The breadth from Portland -
Bay, between Bfo-Nuevo and White River, the Courfe North o d.
5 1 7 dift and from Great Point Pedro, to Dunkin' s Cliffs, the Courfe
Northward 48 7 dift. From Salt-Pond-Point, to the Mouth of
Annotto River, falling into Port Antonio Harbour, over-againft Lynch *
Ifland, the Courfe North 2 6 diftance. From Cabarito- Point to Cove-
Harbour, the Courfe North, 22 7 dift. From the Southward of
Point. Negril, to Negril-Coi , Courfe North 10 7 dift.

The quantity of Acres are 7450000, whereof are Savanna
550000 Acres. Manurable 6 100000. Unmanurable 100000.

Rivers of Jamaica , running into the Sea, are eighty.

‘Riyers in Jamaica, beginning at Toint Morant, and
fo along the South-Jide , to the Weffapard.

S Awl's River, Cane Garden River, Crawle River, Lynch River,
Seymar’s River, Wlnte River, Nut’s River, Middle River, Mo¬
rant River, Lins River, Negro River, Clark’s River, Spring River,
White River, Jallah Little River, Black River, and two fmall River,
more, Hallah Great River, Barbicon River, Cane River, Hope River,
Mamee River, Bock River, Bio Cobre River, tf^o Pedro River, Try
River, Bj° de Coco Forked River, Bio Mana Gully, Nelfons River,
Salt or Black River, Boure’s River, Cock Pit River, Mmo River,
By ck River, Pindar’s River, Tick River, St. Thomas’s River, Crooked
River, Green River, Milk River, Fere River, Byline’s River, Swift
River, Black River, Caju River, Wiets River, Grafs River, One
Eye River, Cave Little River, Teans River, Cabarito River, Three
Mile River, Bearing River, Alegator River, Magotty River, Flint
River, Great River, Little River, Great River, Morojje River, Mm-

7 he Introduction .

Vlll

tics, River, Negro River, Little River, Tjo Tara Matattiboron River,
Camerons River, (%jo 'Bueno Still River, Bear Garden River, Lang*
land's River.

Tiber s on the «?V \orth-fide are^

T. Anne s Great River, Qcborios or R i v ers JtfbiitKl v er, e-
River, Tjo Nuevo River, Tjo Sambre Tiabo River, Oro Catena
River, Six Mile River, Tlantain Walk River, Negro River, Tuerto
Maria River, Crawle River, Waters River, River, Aqua aha,
Anotto River, Flinty River Tunnel's River, Orange River, Ugly Ri¬
ver, Ginge’s River, Little Toms River, Fox s River, Sandy River,
Tlantain Walk River, Church River or Tencame River, Jterboreale
River, Dry River, Haycock River, White River, Buffe Bay River,
Spanijh River, Devil’s River, Swift River, Great Demi's River,
Back River, Loujie River, Daniel’s River, Tjo Grande White River,
Fox’s River, Sandy River, St. Antonio River, Cameron River, Back,
River, Annotto River, Guava River, Savanna River, Snaky River,
Negro River, Stony River, Annotto River, Torn Antonio River, Turtle
Crawle Rivers, Triefl Mans River, Mulato River, ManchinH River,
Crawle River, Drivers River, White River, HeBors River, Horfe -
Savanna River, Savage River, Tlantain- Garden River, Muddy River,
Sulphur River, Clark! s River, CoquarTree River, Cove River.

The whole Ifland has one continu’d ridge of Hills running Eaft
and Weft through its middle, which are called generally the blue
Mountains, from their appearing of that colour, which comes from
the Eyes going through a vaft quantity of JItker, or Air, as looking
to the Heavens in a clear day. The tops of fome are higher than
others, one of the higheft is called Mount Diablo. Other Hills there
are on each fide of this Ridge of Mountains, which are lower.

Although this place be fituated in the Torrid Zone , yet the Air
of it may very well be affirm’d temperate, in that the heat of the
days is qualified by the length of the nights, which here is about
twelve hours long all the year round j l o that the Sun has not that
length of time to heat the Atmofphere, as where the days are longer,
and the nights fhorter, or none at all. *Tis on the fame account
that the evenings are much hotter than the mornings, although the
Sun be equally diftant, and the Rays fall the fame way, the heat
becoming then extraordinary, becaufe it has been warm’d from morn¬
ing to that time, by the beams of the Sun, a great many of which
continue to a<ft with thofe coming frefh from the Sun. The Breezes
blowing all the year between from North-Eaft to South Eaft, and

riling

IX

- - - — . . -nr, rr- itu II ITITHI I Min m nmnrnmmm, t„ - - - ,

The Introduction ,

riHng gradually as the Sun rifes, is another caufe of this Ait's being
the more temperate. There is before Rain, very often here, a great
heat (although the Sun be over clouded) as well as uneafinels on
Men’s Bodies, efpecially thofe that are fickly, which fo foon as the*
Rain falls is quite removed. This is common to other parts of the
World as well as this place, and feems to proceed from moifture, or
rather from the fpring of the humours of the Body diftending the Vef-
lels, the Atmofphere being then lighter, and more moift. The Breeze
from Land at night is very cooling, though thought very unhealthy
by the Spaniards , on what account I know not. ’ Lis ufually argued
from Irons ruffing very foon here, that the Air is corroding ; but this
I believe comes from the Heat, whereby raoft People (wear, which
being fait and very penetrating corrodes the Iron, and ruffs it when
they touch it, or keep it in their Pockets. On the Mountains and
high Land ’cis much cooler than in the Valleys ; in thefe laft the Sun
Beams are reflected, from the fides of the neighbouring rifing Grounds
fo on one another, that they feem to make in feveral places a kind of
Focus as in a Burning Glafs. I never found more heat here than
as in fome Valleys near Montpelier where the finntion of the Hills in
their neighbourhood occafioned exceffive heat. The Savannas are
here like wile the more Temperate; becaufe they are places where
lew Sun Beams are refle<5ted on the Body, having few fmall riling
Hills to interrupt the courfc of the Breezes, or refled the Sun Beams

The Air here, notwithffanding the heat, is very healthy, I have
known Blacks one hundred and twenty years of Age, and one
hundred years old is very common among!! Temperate Livers.

The Mercury in the Barometer Bands at about the fame heighth
and has the fame alterations as in England , though it change not fo
often as in England.

The Air is here not more Nitrous than in England, nor is there any
Saltpetre to be had from any natural Earth; but lome kind of Tmcal
or (Borax out of a red Earth, which is improper for the culture of
Sugar-Canes. What Saltpetre is to be had here, is from the Earth
dug out of Caves where Indians were buried, or where Bats, and
rheir Dung, are in great quantities. This I am certain of, be-
caufe the Duke of Albemarle carried leveral people to Jamaica on pur*
pofe to try to make Saltpetre, having had a Patent for that Ddign.

’Tis frequent, riding in the night, to meet with here and there an
hot Blaff, for fome lew .paces of Earth you ride over ; thefe Blafls,
which are aifo met with in Egypt , and other parts of the World, are
counted very unhealthy, as arealfo Norths, which blow clear over
the Ifhnd for a Month together, about Chrijlmas, in which time, in
the North -fide, no Canes will grow, but if planted, the Worms eac
them.

( c )

Butter

The Introduction.

Butter through the heat of the Air, is lo io!t here as us when
half melted in. England ; and T allow-Candles here are very often fo
foft as not to be able to (land upright, without tailing and dououn0
down, which makes the nicefl fort of people defire thole of \\ ax.

The Doe-days, and fome weeks about mat time, are lntolerab.y
hot, and unhealthy, few people find themfelves then perfedtly well
and eafie, be they either the antient Inhabitants or new Comers.

The heat of the Air here is endeavour d to be amended by gr
Fans in fome Parlours, fuch as are us'd about Montfelter , and by ly-

,nSThere are as many forts of Water here as in England-, River- water,

Pond water, Well-water, Spring-water, ere. ,

F relb- water is very fcarce in dry years, or fome par s of the year,
in the Satannas diftant from Rivers, fo that many of their Cattle
die with driving to water. If the place be near the Sea, or land),
the Well-water, as at <Port-%pyal is brackifh. This brackifh water,
which is very common in Wells on Sea- (bores, is not wholefome,
but the caufe of Fluxes, and other Difeafes in Sailers drinking ofir.

It may be eafily difeovered by dropping a lolution of fine silver into
it which according to Mr. Boyles computation precipitates a tv ice
fettlemenr, if it contain^ of Salt in it. I hayenot yetknownot
heard of any method which will clear Water of this brack.fhnefs but

Pond- water, or River-water here, is more pure and not fo much
infetfed with Weeds as in England becaufe ot the hv.tne^ofthe
Currents, or great Inundations, deftroying the Water Herte at
certain Seafons of the year. River. water, becaufe mf us great
Defcents and Precipices , carries with it much Clay and Earth
whereby his muddy and thick; this drunk, has an odd tafte
which, y in the Town-River, gave occafion to the Sp^sards j© call
it % Coke, and the Englijh to lay t.s not wholefome and tails of
Copper ; whereas on trial of the Sand and other Sediments, t e e
is no Metal found therein. This River-water, if (offered to fettle
lome days in earthen Jars, the Sediments go to the bottom, and the
Water is good.It’s thought that Pebbles in the bottom of the Jar pro¬
mote thisSfeparation; and Seamen think a lead-holed Plat^°cs
fame - but his likely thefe two methods only hinder me fubfidence
from riling eafily. The porous Stones for percolating water is the
bed remedy for this muddinels ; they mull be clean d every d ry and
fometimes the water put through them twice or thrice. They arc
brought from the Canaries to the Sfanlfh Main and thence to Jamaica^
They are made into the form of Mortars, the water being put into

to Concave fide, foul and troubled paffes through them a„d

is fibred, leaving its filth in the pores of the Stone. Sometime

The Introduction.

xi

water is pals’d through three oF thefe plac’d one under another.
Thames- water, at Sea, is generally thought to ferment, and to rife to
a vinous Spirit, but it is not fo ; for this is to be aferib’d moftly to
the filth or tin&ure of the Cask, For the Water itfelf in jars, does
not ferment nor fmell j in Cask fitft it acquires a colour from the '
filch or Wood, then Ferments, Fmells, and turns vinous, neither is
itallfo, but only that in Fome Casks. Brandy, by the Cask, From
limpid, turns yellowish in colour, but does not loin Jars or Bottles.
Water gather’d off the Ships Decks From Rain, Fmells and ferments
preFently, becaufe oF Spittle, Dung, c^c. Tbames-wmr is accounted
the beft For Ships, though probably patting by Fo great a City as Lon *
don , it be the fouleft in Contents.

Spring water is reckon’d preferable to other kinds ; there are fine,-
large Springs here, many oF them as well as Rivers, petrify their
own Channels, by which they fometimes flop their own CourFcs,
by a Sediment and Cement uniting the Gravel and Sand in their
bottoms. When this petrifying water falls drop by drop, it makes
the Stalaflites. Several Caves have their bottoms and tops united by
this Scone, Fo that they appear Pillars,

Upon the whole matter, the cleanfing Water From Clay, Mould,
Water-Herbs, and other accidental Impurities it meets with in its
CourFe, feems to be the way oF making it good in all parts of the
World.5 In many places the Inhabitants let it purifie itfelf by quiet
and fubfidence, in others they do it by help or a Fort of Beans, or ra¬
ther mix vomica , as on the Coaft of Coromandel ; in otners by pre-
colating through porous Stone- Mortars. I have leen in London the
muddied: Water made as fine as ever I faw any, by filling a Cittern
with Sand, (catering the muddy Water on the upper part of it,
which Foakinp through by a Hole (guarded Fo as not to be choak d
with mud) at^the bouomof the Cittern, left behind all its impurities
in the Sand. This Sand is turn’d into a foFc Stone, which once a
year is taken out, broken with Mallets, cleans d of its Clay, and put
aeain into the Cittern to lerve For the Fame purpole another year.

A hot Bath or Spring is near Morant in tne Eaftward part of the
Ifland, ficuaced in a Wood, which has been bathed in, and drunk or

late vears For the Belly-ach with great SucceFs.

A great many Salt-Springs anfe in level Ground under Hills in
Cahhaze-Tree bottom, at about a Mile or two diftance Irom the aea,
which united make what is call’d the Salt- River.

Salt is made here in Ponds, whereinto the Sea or Salt-water comes
and by the Heat of the Sun, the moifture being exhal d leaves c e
Salt, which is in great plenty at the Salt-Ponds about 0/a
&c The Salt is not perFe&ly white, nor in Imall Grains, but
large lumps, and has an Eye of red in it, as fom ejalgemm* 1 have

&

fecn ccme from Spain , or what comes from the lfland called Salt
Tortugas near the Main of America , which is here reckoned the Wron¬
ger and better Salt.

^ Lagunas , or great Ponds, are many here, one whereof, ^ o Hoa
Pond, receives a great deal of water by a River, which yet has no
vifible Rivulet, or Difcharge runs from it.

Rivers here in the Mountains rife above, and go under ground
again in a great many places, as (%io A Oro falls under, and rifes a-
bove ground above Sixteen Miles -Walk, three or four times, and lo
it is in many others.

At Abrahams Plantation in the North-fide, is a River which has
Hop’d it’s own Courfe by letting a fettlement fall, and petrifying its

own bottom.

It’s ordinary to have Catara&s, Cafcades or Precipices, in Rivers
amongd the Mountains fifty or fixty Foot high. I have heard fome
people have been in Currents forc’d down thefe without hurt. The
Water making a great Noife down fuch Precipices, gave the name to
die roaring River in the North fide.

The Rivers, efpecially that called the dry one, (becaufe ’tis fome-
times dry) when it rains in the Mountains, come down with great
force, carrying along any thing in their way. Thefe Rivers have
done da mm age to feveral people by coming down, they being not
aware of them, it having rain’d above in the Mountains by their
Springs, though not below them in the Plains. Many Fifh are in
thefe Rivers, up in the Mountains, efpecially Cray' fifh, wild Hogs
feed on them when the Springs are low. The Fifh oft are brought
down and left in Holes, where Negroes take them by intoxicating
them with Dogwood-bark.

Many fallen Trees come down the Rivers, and eroding one ano¬
ther make a ftop, whereby the Neighbouring grounds fuffer great
inundations, this, as it is beneficial to fome, lo it is hurtful to others,
according to the wetnefs or drinefs of the Soil.

Milk-^ver, is fo called from the bottom of the River, which
being a white Clay, has given it it’s Name: it is dangerous fording
it, becaufe the Fords remove as the water puts the Sand by it’s Cur¬
rent on one fide or other.

Rocks of incredible bignefs are brought down by the impetuofity
of Rivers which fometimes alrnofl flop their ancient Courfes making
them run another way.

By this fleepnels of the Hills, and confequently impetuous mo¬
tion of the Current, are made the very deep and deep Gullies and
fides of Rivers, fo that the Banks or Brinks of a River are fome-
tirnes a great many yards perpendicularly high above the waters

furface.

The

4

■i

The Introduction.

• • »

xm

The Tides here are fcarce to be taken notice of, there being very
little increafe or deer cafe of the water, and that depending moftly,
if not altogether, on the Winds, fo that the Land-Winds driving off
the water of the lfland, makes a Foot, two, or more Ebb, which is
moft apparent in the mornings : in the Harbour of fort ^oyal one may
fee the'coral- Rocks then lenfibly nearer the furface of the water,
and all along the Sea-fliore, the water is gone for a fmall (pace, leaving
it dry and this much more on the South fide of the lfland, when the
Norths blow. On the contrary the Sea-breeze driving the water
on the fhore of the lfland, makes the Flood, fo that in the evening
it may be faid to be high water, Specially if a South or other
Wind, blows violendy into the Land for fome time together, with
which the water comes in, and is much higher than ordinary. The
Breezes being ftronger or weaker according to the Moons Age, it
may be thought the Tides or Currents may follow that ; but 1 ra¬
ther believe they only ate the effeit of the Winds.

The outward face of the Earth feems to be different here from
that 1 cou’d oblerve in Europe, the Tallies in this lfland be‘"S
■vel with little or no riling Ground, or fmall Hills, and with u
' ocks or Stones. The Mountainous part for the moft part is very
•eep, and furrowed by very deep Gullies on the North and South fides
f the higheft Hills, on each fide of which are very great Piecipiues.

rhe Ridges left are where the Highways are made, to pas t°mo

ide of the lfland to the other. The Gullies are made here y
requent, and often very violent Rains, which every day almoft
aft on thefe Mountains, and firft making a fmall Trough or Courle
or themfelves, wafh away afterwards whatever comes in their way

'“^^rS^is .flaud is ftony, rocky,
,r clave? thele forts of Soil refill the Rains and fo are not
-atried down violently with them into the PUins, as are the
vfould proper for Tillage, and other more Liable Earths, eirh.r
ntural fo thefe places, or made of the fain and rotten Leaves, and
rmfks of TrJ ot Dull carried by Wind and Ram , hence it is
St thoft mountainous places, one (ball have very ,m e or
-one of fuch Earths, but either a tenacious Clay, or y*

Comb, or ocher Rock, on which no Earth appears ; and tba »
~ r,iiv ttue Unlefs in fome few places where the Rain may
generally true, leave it, the fiwation of the

S tag *« SA f-h „ ,»ta, b, tag . bo.™ o».og

(d )

On

xiv

The Introduction .

On the lame account that the high Land wants tillable Earth, and
is barren, the low Land is very deep of fat and black Mould in
fome places a great many yards deep, fo that the fat, black Earth
of Glaus (Rjidbeck , would be no certain Argument of the length of
time from the Deluge, there being none in the high Land, and a great
deal more than enough in the low. Hence it comes that all low
Land, near high, is the mod fertile, and all high Land is fcarce
cultivated, the one being extreamly fertile, the other not.

All the high Land is covered with Woods* which are great high
Trees, Some of them very good Timber; they are very rail {len¬
der, flraighr, and one would wonder how fuch Trees could grow
in fuch a barren Soil, fo thick together, among the Rocks. "The
Trees fend down their fibrous Roots into the Crannies of the Rocks,
where here and there they meet with little Receptacles, or natural
Bafins, wherein the Rain water is preferv’d not only for the Roots of
the i rees to give them Nourifhmeot ; but likewife to give Birds and
Infec?ts drink, and fome times PafTengers on the Roads. It is like¬
wife ordinary for Rain-water to be kept in the Spurs of Cotton, and
other Trees made hollow, and to be drunk by Hunters, and others,
fucking it out with a wild Cane.

’Tis a very ftrange thing to fee in how fhort a time a Plantation
formerly clear’d of Trees and Shrubs, will grow foul, which comes
from two caufes ; the one the not Rubbing up of the Roots, whence
arife young Sprouts, and the other the Fertility of the Soil. The
Settlements and Plantations of, not only the Indians, but even the Spa -
wards , being quite overgrown with tall Trees, fo that there were no
Eootffeps of luch a thing left, were it not for old Palifadoes, Build¬
ings, Orange Walks, which fhew plainly the formerly clear'd
places where Plantations have been.

There are the fame Layers of Earth one over another, as are to
be met with in Europe. And the fame difference of Soil, appears
here, that does in England, on digging of Wells, &c.

Moll of the Savannas , or Plains fit for Pafture, and clear’d of
Wood like our Meadow-Land, lie on the South fide of the Ifland,
where one may ride a great many Miles without meeting any the
lead Afccnt. Some of ihefe Plains are within Land encircled with
Hills, as the Magotty Savanna, &c, 'Tis probable, thefe being void
altogether of Trees, chat they are either fo naturally, or rather have
been clear d by the Indians , in order to plant their Maiz there, and
other Provifions.

Thefe Savannas aniwer out Meadow-Grounds in Europe, and
after Seafons, i. e. Rain, are very green and pleafant, but after long
droughts are very much parch’d and withered.

Low

XV

f - - -

Tke Introduffion.

Low Land clear’d of Wood is very proper for Hay, which has
been here made in very few days, and feeds Horfes very well but
the greateft part of the Nouriflimcnc of Horfes is Scotch Grafs’ an f
Indian Corn. *

After Sealons, i. e. three or four, or more days Rain, all manner
of I rovifions, Maiz, Guinea Corn, Peafe, Patacas, Yams, Plan
tains, Crc. are planted. 1 he Ground, after thefe Grains and Provi-
fions are gathered, is clear’d, before they expert a new Sealon, of
the remaining Weeds, Stalks and Rubbifb, which arc put in heaps
and burnt. ' ^

Their new clear’d Grounds are too rich, thofe which have been
manur d for a long time need Dung, which now they begin to look
aftxr, not burning their T rafh as formerly, but keeping it in dreat
heaps to rot, in time to make the better Dung.

The Stalks of Guinea Com and crafb, ( that is the marc, or re¬
maining part of the Sugar Canes, after the Expretfion of the Juice
whereof Sugar is made, ) is tiled in Barbados, for fire wood, in three
or four of the Stoke-holes, where a lefs degree of Fire is fuffi-
cient, and begins to be in ufe in Jamaica, in places where Fire- wood
is fcarce.

In places clear’d, and ruin’d or grown wild again, the feveral forts
of icandent or climbing Plants, efpecially Convolvuli , do fo much
' abound and profper, that there is no paffing without a Rill to cut
ones way $ they are fo high, as not only to mount up the young Shrubs
but even to the tops of the talleft Trees, whence they hang down,
and often pull down the Trees with them.

Trees fain in the Path, and turning to Mould or Earth, l have
obierv’d here to yield juft the fame fort of Earth for colour, &c. as
the Soil is, in which they grew.

The Meat of the Inhabitants of Jamaica , is generally fuch as is
in England, as Beef, Pork, and Fifh, faked and preferved, and
Tent from hence and Ireland, Flour, Peafe, faked Mackrcis, eve.
from theie Places, and New -England, or New-York ; on which not
only the Mafters feed, but alio they are oblig’d to furnifh their
Servants both Whites and Blacks with three Pounds of Salt- Beef,
Pork, or Fifh, every week, befides Caffada Bread, Yams, and Ba¬
tatas, which they eat as Bread, and is the natural Produff of the
Country.

Although there is here in the Savannas great plenty of Cattle,
yet they cannot keep Beef paft fome few days, and that falted,
otherwife in three or four hours ’cis ready to corrupt. Butchers al¬
ways kill in the morning juft before day, and by ieven a Clock the
Markets for Fiefh-Meac are over.

Thtir

XVI

The Introduction.

Their Beef here is very well rafted, and good, unlefs when Guinea,
Hen- weed rifes in the Savannas, which is immediately^fter Rains, or
when they are fo parch’d that Cattle can find nothing elfe to feed on,
this having a very deep Root, and being then green. Then their
whole Flefti tafts fo much of it, that one cannot well eat it, at which
time likewife ie infedls their Milk, and very much their Kidnies.
Every thing made of Milk tafts, when the Cows eat it, fo ftrong of
it, that there is no ufing with pleafure any thing made therewith.
This is commonly thought to come from their eating Calabajb- Tree-
Leaves, which in that fcarcity are fell’d to feed their Cattle 5 but it
comes from this Herb, and not thence as is vulgarly fuppofed. Cattle
feed on the Calabafb Fruit in dry times. Horfes in the Woods ate
fometimes kill’d by them, the Fruit fticking fo fall to their Teeth that
they are not able to open their Chaps to feed.

The Butchers remedy the fmell of the Guinea Hen weed in Cattle,
by putting them into other feeding Grounds before they are ftauoh-
tered.

Veal is very common, but none thought good but what comes
from Luidas, where the Calves are very white flefh’d ; whether this
comes from this places being mountainous, or bleeding and giving
them Chalk, as in Efjex, I cannot tell, but the price of it was fo ex¬
travagant, that in the Aftembly they paft an A & that it flhould not be
fold dearer than twelve pence per Pound.

A great part of the food of the beft Inhabitants, for their own
Tables, of the produce of the Ifiand, is Swines-flcfti, and Poultry of
their own railing.

Swine are of two forts, one running wild in the Country amongft
the Woods, which feed on the fain Fruits, and are fought out
by Hunters with gangs of Dogs, and chiefly found in the more un¬
frequented, woody, inland parts of the Ifland. After purfuit, and that
they are wearied by the Dogs, when they come to a Bay, they are
{hot or pierc’d through with Lances, cut open, the Bones taken out,
and the Flefti is gafti’d on the infide into the Skin, fill’d with Sait and
expos’d to the Sun, which is call’d Jii king. It is fo brought home
to their Mafters by the Hunters, and eats much as Bacon, if broil’d
on Coals. Thele Hunters are either Blacks or Whites, and go one
with their Dogs, fome Salt and Bread, and lye far remote from
Houfes, in Huts, in the Woods, for feveral days, in places where
Swine come to feed on the Fruits, &c. returning with more or lefs
Meat, according to their good or bad Fortune. The Indians are very
exquifite at this Game. The lame method is ufed for wild &tne
which are now but very few, and thofe in the Woods in the North
fide. Wild Goats there are fome on the Salt-Pan Hills, not to be
feen but in dry Seafons when they come down for water.

Swine

The Introduction ,

XVH

Swine fed at Cramks are in very great plenty. Thefe Crawles,
or Houfes and Sties built for feeding and breeding Hogs, are kept
by fome Whites Indians or Blacks. The Swine 'come home evefy
night in feveral hundreds from feeding on the wild Fruits in the
neighbouring Woods, on the third found of a Conch-Shell, where
they are fed with fome few Ears of Indian Corn thrown in a'monsft
them, and let out the next morning, not to return till night or tlw
they hear the found of the Shell. Thefe fort of remote Plantations
are very profitable to their Mailers, not only in feeding their own
Families, but in affording them many Swine to fell for the Market
It was not a fmall Diverfion to me, to fee thefe Swine in the Woods"
on the firft found of the Shell, which is like that of a Trumpet’
to lift up their Heads from the Ground where they were feeding’
and prick up their Ears to hearken for the fecond, which fo foon as
ever they heard they would begin to make fome movements home¬
wards, and on the third found they would run with all their fpeed
to the place where che Overfeer us’d to throw them Corn. They
are call’d home fo every night, and alfo when fuch of them as
are fit for Market are wanted j and feem to be as much, if not

more, under Command and Difcipline, than any Troops I ever
faw. r

^ere a ptace for bringing up of Poultry, as Turkeys,
which here much exceed the European and are very good and well
tafted, Hens, Ducks, Mufcov y Ducks, and fome very few Geefe.
MujcQ\>y Ducks are here moll plentiful, and thrive excream ly, they
coining originally from Guinea . Thefe Poultry are all fed on Indian
or Guinea Corn, and Ants Ncfts brought from the Woods, which
thefe Fowls pick up and deftroy mightily.

Cattle are penn d every night, or elfe they in a Oiort time run
wild. Thefe Pens are made of Palifadoes, and are look’d after
very carefully by the Planters. The Oxen who have been drawing
in their Mills, and are well fed on Sugar-Cane- tops, are reckoned
the beft Meat, if not too much wrought. They are likewife fatted
by Scotch Grafs.

Turtle, (Tortoifes) are of feveral forts, thole of the Sea call’d
green Turtle from their Fats being of that colour, feed on Conches
or Shell fifti, are very good Viduals, and fuftain a great many,
efpecialiy of the poorer fort of the ifland. They are brought in
Sloops, as the Seafon is for breeding or feeding, from the Caymanes ,
or South Caps of Cubaf in which forty Sloops, part of one hundred
and eighty, belonging to ?ort-<%pyal, are always imployed. They
are worth fifteen Shillings apiece, beft when with Egg, and brought
and put into Pens, or Palifadoed places in the Harbour of Tort-
whence they are taken and killed, as occafion requires. They

( e } are

The Introduaton.

are much better when brought in firft, than after laflguifhing in
thofe Pens, for want of Food.

They infeft the Blood of thofe feeding on them, whence their
Shirrs are yellow, their Skin and Face of the fame colour, and
their Shirts under the Armpits Rained prodigioufly. This I be¬
lieve may be one of the reafons of the Complexion of our European
Inhabitants, which is chang’d, in fome time from white to that
of a yellowifh colour, and which proceeds from this, as well as

the Taundies, which is common, Sea Air, &e. •

Land-Tortles are counted more delicate Focki than thole ot the
Sea although fmalter. They are, as 1 have been cold, on the main
Continent of America, pen’d and fed With Patata- flips^e. and drawn
out as cccafion requires either for veiling the flora, or for the
private expence of their Houles-.

' All forts of Sea Tovtle, except the green, are reckon d hthy, and

not good Food. . . „ . ,

Manat,, is taken in this Ifiand, very often in calm Bays, by the

Jndims ; It is reckoned extraordinary good Victuals.

Fith of all forts are here in great plenty ; but care mull be taken
they be not poyfonous, this is known by the places where they ufe,
where if Manlaneel- Apples are commonly eaten by them, they are

VerLltMackarel are here a great Provifton,efpecially for Negros, who
covet them extreartily id Pepper-Pots* or Oglios, Oc.

What is uled for Bread here, by the Inhabitants, is very different
from that in Europe : that coming neateft our Bread is Caffada.
The Root dun up is feparated from its outward, fmall, thin Skin,
then grated on°a Wheel, or other Grater. After farcing, the powder
is put into a Bag, and its juice fqueez’d out, the ends of the Roots
are kept for other ufes. The farc’d and dry Forma, is fptead in the
Sun to dry further, then put on a Gridiron fet on Coals, and there
bak’d as Oat-Cakes are in Scotland. Tis obfervable, that although
it be a Powder when put on the hot Iron, yet prefently it flicks to¬
cher vervfaft, and becomes one (olid Cake, which being bak d on
one fide for fome few minutes, is turn’d and bak’d on the other al-
moll as lone, then put on the fide of a Houfe to Sun. The ends
of the Roots ate made into a Coarfer Flour, and a Bread is made
of a coarfer fort, for making a kind of Drink call’d ferino. The
juice is poifonous, fo that any creature drinking of it (after fwel-
ling) dies prefently. But if Swine be by degrees accuflomcd to iq
'j- js pfqe moft fatning Food that is* This juice is whitiltij and if
let fettle has a Settlement or FxctiU fubfiding, Vrhich make a veVy
fine Flour, and this fine Flour by feme is reckoned the belt and
mod wholefome Farina . *

The Introduction.

xix

This Bread is eaten dry as ours, or dipt in water, on which it im ¬
mediately fwells, and has no very pleafant tafte this way, though dry
k has none at all. Dipt in fugar’d water this Bread is ftill more plea¬
se and if it be a little tolled afterwards, it eats yet better. If
dipt in Wine, it will not fwell as if dipt in Water. It will keep a
long time without Corruption, fo that it is taken as Provifion for
the Sloops trading to the Spantjh Main, <?c. This Bread is worth
about feven Shillings and fix pence the hundred weight, fometimes
double that, according to its fcarcity. People who feed altogether on
this, live as long, and in as good Health as they who feed on any

other fort of Bread. , . _n

Plantains is the next molt general fupport ot Lite in the aland.
They are brought in from the Plantain-Walk, or place where thefe
Trees are planted, a little green j they ripen and turn yellow in the
Houfe, when, or before they are eaten. They are ufually rolled,
after being firft clear’d of their outward Skins, under the Coals.
They are likewife boil’d in Oglio’s or Pepper-Pots, and prepar’d in¬
to a Pad like Dumplins, and fcveral other ways. A Drink is alfo

made of them. . , ; . „

The next Succedaneum for Bread, in this place, arc Patatas.

They are rofted under the Coals, or boiid, and are eaten as the

Yams ate likewife us’d here iti lieu of Bread, and are prepar’d as
the others, only becaufe they are very large, they are ufually cut in

P1 Gains in ufe here, are, t . Cuinta-Com. ’Tis prepar’d and us d
as Rice, and tafts as well, and is as nourrfhing. It is uiually the

Food of Poultry and Pigeons. - . , . . .

^ Indian Corn or Maiz, either tolled or boil’d, is fed on by the

Slaves efpecially the young Ears of it, before ripe, are rofted un-
der the Coals and eaten ; this is thought by them very delicious,
and call’d Mutton : but ’tis mod us’d for feeding Cattle and Poultry.

j Rice is here planted by (ome Negros in their own Plantations,
and thrives well, but becaufe it requites ranch beating, and a par¬
ticular Art to leparate the Grain from the Husk, ns thought too
troubkfom for its price, and fo negUaed by mod Pl“

Peale, Beans, and Pulfe of forts different from thole of E**,
ate here very common. They are eaten when green, as ours ot
SrJ* an? when dry, boil’d, afford the Negros very good and

^lourTromNcwlirk is counted the bed, but this as wed «
all other Flour, and Bisket, are fubjeft to be fpoil d withWcev ,
or finall Scarabs, if long kept.

Choco-

The Introduction.

Chocolate is here us’d by all People, at all times, but chiefly in
he morning ; it feems by its oilinefs chiefly to be nourifhing and by
the Eggsmixt with it to be render’d more fo. The Cuftom, and
very common ufage of drinking it came to us from the Spaniards
although ours here is plain, without Spice. I found it in great
quantities, naufeous, and hard of digeftion, which I fuppofe came
from its great oilinefs, and therefore I was very unwilling to allow
weak Stomachs the ufe of it, though Children and Infants drink it
here, as commonly as in England they feed on Milk. Chocolate
colours the Excrements of thofe feeding on it of a dirty colour.

The common ufe of this, by all People in feveral Countries in
America, proves fufficiently its being a wholefome Food. The drink¬
ing of it actually warm, may make it the more Stomachic, for we
know by Anatomical preparations, that the tone of the fibres are
lengthened by dipping the Stomach in hot water, and that hot
Liquors will diflolve what cold will leave unaffetfted.

Befides t hefe ordinary Provifions, the Racoon, a fmall Quadruped
is eaten. Rats are likewife fold by the dozen, and when ' they have
been bred amongft the Sugar-Canes, are thought by fome difeerning
people very delicious Victuals. Snakes or Serpents and Coffi (a fort
of Worms) are eatenfby the Indians and Negros.

As I have formerly obferved fome wonderful contrivances of Na¬
ture, for propagating the Kind, I fhall now on this occafion take

notice of one very obvious,, and yet not regarded for the prefervati-

on of the mdivtduum. ’ fis the great variety of Foods Mankind is
fu 'Hawed I by, not only here but in the feveral parts of the Earth.
Mankind would be at a great lofs were they reftrain’d by Nature
to any certain limited kind of Food. For when they fhould come
to multiply and replenifli the Earth, and live in all Climates, where
the difference of Air and Soil raifes variety of Vegetable and Ani¬
mal Productions, they would come to want neceffary fuftenance for
Life, were they not fitted by Nature, or rather the All-wife Author

° ? m,akc ule of what theV find ready for that purpofe

Tis for this reafon Man has cutting and tearing, as well as grinding
Teeth, and a natural Menfiruum or diffolvent in his Stomach and
Outs, of great force and power in extracting Nourishment from the

of.yef> found and ^ed in the feveral parts of the
World. Chymifts have with great induftry many years fought-

after an Jcahefi, Univerfal Diffolvent, or Menfiruum, wherebySto
open or extract the Quinteffence of Bodies, and have not fo far
as I can fee or learn, been yet able to attain it. We fee every dav
Nature furpafs them in this particular, for whereas with them Co
many kinds of Drugs or Bodies, fo many kinds of Menfirua are
required, the Spittle, or whatever is the Menfiruum comes from

the

The Introduction. xxi

the Blood into the Stomach and Guts, and is there mix’d with
our comminuted Victuals, is able to open and extract from them
what is good and proper, whether they be Roots, Stalks, Leaves,
or Seeds of Vegetables of feveral kinds ; Fat or Lean of the Flefh of
Animals, or parts of them, fweet or lower, ; acid or Mali, "cis all
one, the bell parts are kept, and the worft, unufeful, or earthy,
thrown off by Excrements. There will be no need of proving this,
if we do but confider how many live very well on Vegetables only,
thinking it inhuman to kill any thing to eat ; others live on Flefh
only, moft on both Vegetables and Flefh. Many live on the Irijh
Patatas, a fort of Solatium , (on which, I have heard, they live in the
Mines of (Poto/i, and in Ireland) the common Brakes, as in the late
Famine in France ; on the Roots of Argentina , called Mafcorns, in
Scotland and the North of Ireland , the Stalks of the Fucus Tbafganoides
called Tangle in Scotland , or on the Roots of [ Bulboca/lanum or Pignuts.
The greateft part of Mankind have their chief Suftenance from
Grains; as Wheat, Rice, Barley, Oats, Maiz, Buck-wheat, Zta or
Spelt a, Rye, fome from the Seeds of a wild Grafs called Gramen Man¬
na in Tolandy or from wild Oats, or Folle Avoine , growing in the
Lakes of Canada, on which the Indians feed ; or from the Seeds of the
feveral forts of Millet and Tanicum. Some in Barbary feed on Palm Oil,
others on that drawn from Organ or Erguen Nuts, many on Oil
Olive, or c/iac from Walnuts or Se/amum, which laffc is much ufed in
Egypt and the Ea(l -Indies. Kine, Goats, Swine and Sheeps Flefh
fuflain moft people in thefe parts, and fo does Camels in Arabia,
and Horfes in' Tartary. Moft in Groenland feed on large Draughts of
Train Oil ; and in England the poofer fort have ftrong Nourishment
from Milk* meats, (on which teed the longeft Livers) Butter and
Cheefe. In many parts of the World, as Lapland, &c. Fifh' is their
chief fubfiftence.

Befides thefe already above mentioned, Joacbimus Struppius , has
written a Book printed Franco/. 157$. in quarto , called Anchora Fa -
rmsgre. and GioVanni ftattifta Segni,trattatojopra la Careftia e famejUrc.
<Boi 1601. in quarto, wherein 1 find fomeof the following Vegetable
and Animal Productions were made ufe of in times of Famine, which
may be not only curious to confider, but ufeful in the direction of
othets in the like neceffities, fhould it pleafe God to inflict the like
Calamity. There are likewife other fnftances of extraordinary feed¬
ing taken from other Books, as Voyages, Sieges, Vetronius de
viliu omanorum, Mundy, Muffec, &c. Roots, not mention d already,
affording Suftenance, are Carrots, Parfneps, Parity, Navews, Skirrccs,
Radifhes, Onions, Turneps, Scor^onera , Sajfafie or Tragopogon, Peony,
Gladiolus , Papyrus, Fennel, Vaucus, A/pbodd, Liquorice, Bur-roots,

White-thiftle-roots, Alifanders , Satyrium , Trap, Aracbidna , (jrBambu .

( f ) Though

The Introduction.

Though Stalks and Leaves afford no great Nourifhment, yet they
have fometimes kept many from ftarving, they are either Inch as are
tender or (ucculent of themfelves, or made lo by earthing. They
areCichory, Selerv, Endive, Sorrel, Coleworts, Mallows, of much
ufe in the Kitchin of old, Buglofs, Lettuce, Blite, Cumfry Spinage,
Leaves of Apples, Pears, Beech, Artichokes common and prickly,
Mufhrooms, Puiflain, on which fome people have lived in defat
Places Sum, Primrole, Cefaglibnc or the head of the Dwarf 1 aim,
the Head of the Palm called Cabbage-tree, Afparagus-Iike, young
Shoots of Briony, black and white, Hops, <Ru[cus, Etjuifetum, which
is reckon’d unwholefome, and Ferula, Sea weeds, tender Leaves and
Sarments of Vines, Whitethorn, and Tamarind tree leaves, f
find alfo in want, that People have thought of young Oak-Apple,
and Pear- tree- bark, as well as Fir-tree-Cones.

Many feed on Pulfe, as Peafe of the Garden, and wild Beans,
Vetches Orobi, Lupins, Kidney-beans, Lentils, Louis aEgypttaca.
Many on the Seeds of Lolium or Cockle, which is plentiful when
Corn is fcarce, and prepar’d by being well water'd, boil’d, dry’d,
and made into Flour for Bread, which has been uled m fcarcity of
Food, Sometimes this Bread has been taken out of the Oven, (oak d
in Water, and bak’d again to free it of it’s bad qualities.

Poppy- feeds were like wife in ufe of old, and Flax-feed, though
thought unwholefome, alfo Fenugrec feeds , and Hemp feeds, on
which I have known a Woman in England feed many Months.

Not to fpeak of Acorns and Beech-mad, the Food of our Fore-
Fathers, Dates, the Food of many People in 'Barbary and Arabia,
Figs Piftachias , the Sevennois in France feed on Chefnuts, the Broth
oiSoupe of which I have heard is very nourifhing. Joachimus Strap-
pius in his Book abovementioned, tells us that Bread may be made
of Apples, Citrons, Oranges, Pears, Sloes, Cherries, Services, Al¬
monds, Hazelnuts, Heps, Plums, Grapes, Pine kernels, Bill-ber-
rics Rasberries, Strawberries, Mulberries, Peaches, Cucumbers,
Melons and Pompions. The Pulp of the Pods of the Carob, or Si-
Ikua- tree, in which the Seed lies, is alio eaten in Italy, and the Bichy
or Buzzee-tree in Guinea. The Fruits of Arbutus, malainfana, Inbuhis
terreftris, and Coco, are like wife fed on in the places where they grow,
and the latter tranfported for provifion toother places.

All forts of Skins of Beads, or Leather, or Things made of them.
Girdles, Shoes, Belts, Shields, &c. are foak’d, and eaten, in want
of better Food : Mules Flcfli, and Buffalos Flefh dry’d and pow¬
der’d Panthers, Bears, Lions, Foxes, Rhinocerots, Bats, large Toads
in New England, Wolves, Cats, Otters, Badgers and Beavers, Mice,
Jam and Upojjum ; Birds of Prey when young, Oxjgala, fowr Milk,

The Introduction. xxiii

> . - - ■ ■ . - - - -

or Bonyclabber,Fifh-bones,Tortoife-Eggs,Crocodiles, Blood of moil
Animals Periwinckles and Frogs, are eaten in fcarcityof other Food.

The Natural Irijh , in fcarcity of Grain, live on the Leaves of
Water Crefies, Chambrock or trifolium pratenfe purpureum , Dils,

Sea Snails, Tatelle, and fmall Fifh theSea-fhores afford on the Ebb.

The like do the Scots in the Weftern Iflands, where they feed on the
Lacluc a Marina, as in the Weft of England , where ’tis called Leaver.

The Scots alfo feed on the firft Leaves of Atriplex Sylveflris folio Jinuato
anguflo can die ante, called by them Milds. When I was in the South
ot France , I was inform’d that the Spanifir Troops in their Neighbour*
hood in Catalonia , in fcarcity eat Tallow-Candles. At the Siege of
London- Derry, the Inhabitants were fupported with Tallow. The
Englifh Sea Peafe have fuftained many People in cafes of Famine, and
the Roots of Aftragalus Syhaticus have ferv’d for the fame purpofe.

In a Famine that fpread over Germany in 15 72 . in Suevia and Silefia,

Bread was made of Reed-Roots, of thofe of (ZJ apunculus , iris,
acorns noftm\ at the fame time tender Oak Leaves were boil’d in
Haffia, and Children were fed with Grafs and boil’d Hay. I was
told by my good Friend Mr. Cuningham, that in Cochinchina is a fmall
Bird, which°makes its Neft of a fort of round-leav’d fhort Sea-
Plant or Fucus , which it diftolves by keeping it in its Crop, and
afterwards makes ufe of itt the building its Neft againft the Rocks.

Thefe Ntfts are eaten in the EajUndies, where they are in great
efteem as well as in Europe. The Crops of wild Pigeons in the
beginning of the Spring, contain the young Buds of Trees and
Plants, which after Maceration there, is reckoned one of the moft
delicate Sallees or Sauces, and fo are the Infers contained in the Sto¬
machs and Guts of Woodcocks. The Hottentots eat the fmall Guts
of Cattle and Sheep, with their Contents, after being worn as Brace¬
lets about their Necks, and there in part dried. Maecenas was not
the only perfon lov’d Aftes Flefh, for in the late War lome of the
Lauiois that made a Defcent into Vauphine, efteem’d Aftes Foals the
beft Difh they could get. I once knew one calf away on a Defert
Iftand, who liv’d fometime only on Oifters. Snails of feveral
kinds are eaten with much fatisfa&ion in Italy and France, for which
reafon the Lord Arundel, left his native Country (bould want them,
brought from Dourdeaux, to Afhted near Epjom in Surry, fome live
ones to breed, whole Pofterity remains there in great plenty. In
Silefia Dr. Kjieg has inform’d me, they make places for the breeding
of Snails at this day, where they are fed with Turnep Tops, .<**
and carefully prepar’d for the Market. The Romans took care ot
them formerly after the fame manner, as may be feen the fo
lowing paftage.

Varro

The Introduction.

yam de re^nica, hi. ?• cap. 1 4- g>v« iis an account o. t the ways
of making their Ckfc-rU, in the following words. Nam & ‘done*,
fib dio (imiendus locus cock mis, quern Mum csnum aqua daudas, ne qua*
ibi pofueris ad partum,non liberos earumjed ipfa* quaras. Aqua, tnq ,
fimende ne futilivarius fst parandus. Locus is mehor, quern & non to,
Lit fd J taunt ros. <lui fsnatutalis non eft (ut fere non funt m
Itsrico loco) neque habeas in opaco, ut facias, ut funt fub ruptbus ac
Lntibus, ] quorum alluant radices lacus ac ftuvii, manufacere oportet ro¬
ts m •’ qui fit It eduxeris ftftulam, Hr m earn mamillas impofueris e-
nues quxeruEient aquam, ita ut in aliquem lapidem incidat ac late ds£-
tetum Tartus iis cibus opus eft, Or is fine mmftratore. Ethunc, dum
Lpit, nonfolumin area reperit, fed etimn ft nvus non probibet, mpd-

iietes ft antes invenit. Denique ipfa exgrummantes ad propalm vuam

din producunt, cum ad earn ran pauca taurea folia mterpctant, O Ip
XJ furfures non multos. ltaque coquus has Vivas an mortuas coquat
llerunme nefcit. Genera coclearum funt plura, ut mmuta albula, qua
Ifferuntnr e <Reatmo, Hr maxima qua de lllyrico apportantur,
cres qua ex Africa afferuntur. Non quo non in his regiombus qutbu/dam

lock, ea tnagnitudinibus non ftnt d, /parties, nam & ^pTlrnJams
Huanquam ex Africa quavocantur fohtanna itaut ,n ea* 80
coniici poflunt, & ftc in aliis regmibus eadem inter Je collates Hr mmore,
funt ac majores. Be infoetura pariunt mmmerabilia. Earum femen
minutum ac te/la molli, diuturnitate obdurefctt,magms tn/uhs in ^ufaB's,
maZmboluLdeferuht aris. Has quoque fagmare jfolmt ita, u dim

cum foraminibus incruftentfapa <y farre ubtpafcantur, qua foramina
rr... M intrare aer poffit. Vtvax tnimbxc Natura.

No’t only places were made for Snails by the Romans, as Parks for
Deer with us but alfo conveniences were made for Rats to feed, and
be bred for the Table, as appears by what the fame Author tells us

in the next Chapter. . »

Glirarium autem diffimili ratione habetur, quod non aqua, Jed macerta

locus lepitur, Tota Uvi lapide, aut tettorio intrinfecus mcruftatur, ne ex
ea erepere pop. h eo arbufculas effe oportet, quafe, unt glandem: qua,
am fruclum nonferunt, intra maceriam jacere oportet, glandem Hr caftane-
am unde faturi ftant. Facere his caVos oportet laxwes, ubi puUos parert
polfmt. Aquam effe tenuem, quid ea non utuntur multum (s- andumlo-
fJm quarunt. Hi faginantur in dolus, qua et, am in Vilhs habent mu ,
qua figuli faciunt, multo aliter atque aha, quod in ‘fenbuseo, um ftmitas
faciunt,<ycavum, ubi cibumconftituant. Inhoc dohum addrnt glandem,
aut nuces juglandes, aut caftaneam. fLuthus in tenebns, cum cumulaum

po/itum eft in doliis, fiunt pmgHM. ... l nn

All thefe feveral and vaftly d.ffermg Bod.es ; wh.ch, when no
other are at hand, muft be the Food of Mankind m the p aces
where they are produced, are not only d.gefted by the Arnfice ot

The Introduction.

xxv

Nature into good Suftenance to repair its Lodes, and propagate its
Kind, butlikewife, however flrange to us, are very greedily fought
after by thofe us'd to them. Thus Perfons not us'd to eat Whales,
Squirrils, or Elephants, would think them a Grange Difli j yet thofe
us'd to them, prefer them to other Victuals.

Men and Women, who have not fo nice a Smell as Ibme Bealls, nor
Faculties to diftinguifti by their Senfes what is wholefome Food fo well
as they, were infinitely Oiort of them in this particular, were it not
for Providence, and the due ufe of their Reafon. It was fome Matter
of wonder to me, to think how fo many People, perhaps one fourth
Parc of the Inhabitants of the whole Earth, fhould come to venture
to eat Bread, made only by baking the Root of Caffada, which is
one of the ranked Poifons in the World, both to Man and Bead,
when Raw* Though, I mud confefs, there is an Inftance in feverai
Ranunculi j common in our Meadows, which when green, Bliftersand
Ulcerates the Flefh, and are us’d for that purpose by fturdy Beggars,
to excite Companion • thefe are not touch’d by Cartel, but left Hand¬
ing in the Fields ; and yet, ( as I am told ) fed on greedily by all
forts of Cattel, when only dry’d into Flay. I here is an Inftance
alio of this in the Roots or Leaves of Arum, of which many kinds,
uncommon to Europe , are eaten, when dry’d and prepar'd, as Colo -
cafia. Zsrc. and even the Roots of the common ones are eaten in Italy ,
when dry'd into a Flower, and made into Bread, though every body
knows the great Acrimony they have when Raw. I was fome what
likewife furpriz'd to fee Serpents, Rats and Lizards, iold for Food,
and that to underftanding People, and of a very good and nice Pa¬
late. But what of all thefe things was mod unulual, and to my
great Admiration, was the great Efieem was fee on a fort of
£oj]i, or Timber-Worms, call’d Cotton-Tree-Worms, by the Negros
and Indians } the one the Original Inhabitants of Africa , the others

of America. /•

The Negros and Indians are not the only Admirers of thefe Ver-
mine, for I find the mo If polite People in the World, the Romans living
in a Neighbouring Country, accounted them lo great a Dainty, as to
feed them with Meal, and endeavour breeding them up. That
they were commonly known and ufed, is likely from the word Cojfus ,
Fefius tell us, uled to fignifie, one lazy or flow, like Worms: and
a confiderable Family at from the Wrinkles and Furrows in

their Face was call’d Cojfutia.

Vliny, where he fpeaks of the Difeafes of Trees, lib. 17- cap. 24.
fays thus, Vermiculantur magis minufve queedam, omnes t amen fere . idque
aVes caYt corticis Jono experiuntur. Jam quidem in hoc luxuria c/fe ccepit .
pruegrandefque roborutn delicatiores funt in cibo : cojfos vocant, acque etiant
farina faginati hi quoque altiles funt. I cannot find any mention

(g)

made

!■ !

v\

t'tf ill

The Introduction.

made of them in Apicius de re culmaria : but Ludovicus Cxlius T(hodi-
gmus, in his Jntiq. Lecfmes, tells us, that Ehryges ac Tontici , vermes aU
bidos , obcfofque , capite nigricanie , qui c carlo /is premuntur materits , inter
delict as habent , <sc xylophagia comedijje luxuria eft. And Aihan de Ani-
malibus , in the 14. Book, Chap. >3. p. 817. has to this purpofe this
pafkge. Inter cetera mmalium nature propria hoc quoque non omiferim,
Jndorum rex fecundis menjis O bellariis non iifdem delettatur quibus Graci,
qui palmarum pumilarum fruElm cxpetunt . At ilk Vermem quendam in
planta quadam nafcentem fecundis men [is igne tojium adhibet , ( and fo the
Indians and Negros in Jamaica eat them at this Day ) fuavifpmum qui -
dem ilium in Indi aiunt} O comm quiguftaverunt nonnulli ajjerunt , quibus
ego fdem habuerim.

^ Alfo, John de Mandeville tells us, that in a certain Bland call’d
Talache, were, yermes [miles iis , qui in lignis putridts exi[unty hofque
principibus in menfis apponi.

Likewife St. Hierom in his fecond Book again Pc Joyian in the fecond
Tome of his Works, Francjort Edit. p. 53. has this Paflaae to this
pijrpofe ; namely, In Eonto O Phrygia vermes albos O 0 befos , qui
nigello capite [unt , O nafcuntur in lignorum carie , pro magnis reds •
tibus paterfamilias exigit . Et quomodo apud nos Attagen o [cedilla ,
mullus O f cams in deliciis computantur , it a apud illos ZvpAtpaw come -
dijfe luxuria e[,

Arifiotle does extremely extol young foft Cicada, and has been at
the Pains in his Hiftory of Animals, to tell us, that the time to kill
them to the beft Advantage, is the Males ante coitum , and the Females
after, when they are molt lavoury.

Athene us fpeaks of a Marriage- Dinner, where one of the greatdl
Difhes were Cicada faked and dried.

As for Locufts or Graflioppers, ’tis mod certain, that as they are
a Curie to fome Places, by devouring the Fruits of the Earth, fo they
are a great Blefling to others, where the Inhabitants feed on them, and
are deftitute of other Provifions. They are only dry’d in an Oven
and fo kept, or powder’d and mixt with Milk, and, as I have been
told, by thofe us’d to them, they eat like Shrimps.

Lope^ de Gomara tells us ( Hift. general de las Indias, cap. 69, ) that
after the We[- Indians (in the Continent about Santa Martha ) had
been overcome by the Spaniards, they found many Baskets of Provi¬
sions the Indians had gathered to Traffick with the People further
within Land : the Provisions were thefe Cangrejos , Land- Crabs, which
bin-rough in the Ground like Rabbets, feed on Vegetables, and far
exceed ours in take, Caracoles [in cafcara} or naked Snails. Cicad <e,
of which before, grillos Crickets, langoftas de las que deftruyen los
panes [teas y Sal ados, Lccuils or Graflioppers.

After

The Introduction,

XXV31

After what has been faid, it will feem very ftrange that the fame
Author, who has given one of the bed Accounts of the Indies , in the
fame Book, Chap. 219. fays, that the Indians of America were made
and declared Slaves to the Spaniards , for thefe Reafons that they eat
(piojos, and Gufanos (our very Coffi before mentioned from the cor¬
rupted word Cufi ) Crudos , that they intoxicated themfelves with their
kinds of Wines, that is of Maiz, Or. and fmoak of Tobacco, and
that they were without Beards, and if they had any grew, they
pluck’d them out. Thefe Reafons, though appearing (mail, yet were
the only Pretences, according to their own Hiftorians, of driving them
to Slavery in Mines, where the greated part of them perifhed.
And if any companionate Perfon oppos’d thefe inhuman Proceedings,
fuch was the Power of Intereft, as to bring him fpeedily to the
like end, as appears by the fad Story of Bartbolomeo de las Cajas.

The mod common Drink here is Water. ’Tis reckoned the
mod wholefome Drink by many, amongd whom I am one. Tis
a common Cudom to drink a large Draught of Water in the
Morning here, which is thought to prevent the Belly-ach ; it may.
very well be, in that not only it may cool the inflam’d Blood, creating
a ( Phumatijm , (very often taken for, and almod always join’d with
the true Belly-ach, ) but chat alfo it may clear the Guts of fome
lower, or {harp parts that may lie in them, the Relicks of Lime-
juice, or other Heterogeneous or Morbifick Matter lodg d in any of
their’ Ceils, and ’tis the more proper for this, in that ’hs a Menjhuum
very fit to diflolve, as well as dilute all faline and acid SubAances,
and that it may by its fluidity run into every corner of thefe Pafliges
through which it mud go. And therefore in large quantities drank,
it may be affii rn’d to be the bed Counter Poifon. ^

The Spittle, and Excretions of the GlanduU of the Ventricle and
Guts, are known to be the chief diffolvents of our Victuals, to
which Water, by its Analyfis, feems to be next a kin. It diffolves
all forts of Food, making them foft, and into a Geliy (which parts
Nature feems to want) whereas Wine is for thofe Gelatinas a very
improper, if not impolTible Menftruum. Tis every where ready at
hand to all Mankind, and all Sanguineous Animals coming near the
Struaure of Mankind, makeufe of no other with their good wills.
Water when put into the Stomach, diffolves what ever is nourifhable
in our Victuals, carries it through the Vend Lulled into the Blood in-
creates the Lympha , to dilute the Chyle, and then goes oft without
leaving any Heterogeneous parts in the Blood or Stomach, whereas
Wine or vinous Liquors do not that. Negros, Indians, Mabumetans ,
and a great part of Mankind know not the ufe of this Wine or vinous
Liquors, and yet look frefher, aud are much healthier than

i

xxviii

The Introduction.

Northern Nations, Goths , and Vandals , who by their Numbers and
Strength overcame mod Parts of the World, ended not their Victories
'till by coming over the Alps they rafted and drank the Wines,
whence they ftop’d their Conquefts, became Effeminate, and not
Fruitful.

Madera Wine is the next moft general Drink mixt with Water ; ’cis
very ftrong,and a fort of Xeres or Sherry ; ’cis of two forts, the White
ulually the ftrongeft, tho’ thought not to keep fo long, and therefore
not us'd fo much, or the Red Wine made of the White, with forme
imto or deep Red Wine put to it, which may preferve it. The Wines
from the Weftward lfles are thought unwholefome, both because of
the Grapes and mixture of Lime, Jeffo, or Plaifter, in making.
The longer or fhorter time that Wine made of Red Grapes ft ays fer¬
menting with the Husk, the more or lefs it is ting’d, and the longer
or fhorter time it will keep, and the more or lefs it is Auftere or
Sripcick. The Virgine Wine, which has but a very fmall time ftood
on the Husks, foon is ready for drinking and fine, and foon fpoils ;
that which has a greater Tin&ure keeps longer, as being impregnated
withfome parts of the Husk, as hop’d Beer keeps longer than Ale ;
and that fort of Oil which has ftood longer with the Rind and
Stone of the Olives, keeps much longer than that call’d Virgin Oil
which has not been faked. Madera Wines have this particular to
them, different from French Wines, and all others coming hither,
that it keeps better in a hot Place, and expos’d to the Sun, than m
a cool Cellar ; whereas the other Wines brought hither muft be kept
cool, and will for all that remain but a fmall time without being
prickt and turning fower.

Syder, Beer and Ale, do not keep well here, they huff, and fiy
in this ftrange Climate, and few Casks are opened with any of theft
Liquors bottled, where they are not broken at leaft one third of
them ; but Mum keeps very well.

The fmall Beer coming hither is ufually (aid to be brew’d with
Barbados Aloes inftead of Hops, the one being cheaper than the other.

The common Drink of London^ that is Beer and Ale, alone or mixt,
is very much coveted here, the Beer is often fowerifh, and the Ale
is generally too fweet and heavy, the one too old, and the other not
well wrought (hence, as I have heard, few belonging to a Brew-
houfe will tafte any Ale ) whence it fhould feem to drink theft Li¬
quors fliould be very unhealthy. And yet more to drink fmall
Beer, which is the fecond or third running off of the Malt, whence
it muft come that a great many Feculencies remain in the Blood.
Notwithftanding all this, ’tis certain our Fore-fathers, who drunk theft
Liquors for common drink, lived to as great an Age with as much
Health as we.

There

The Introduction.

The Introduction.

?$

the Air, whereby they fall in time into Confumptions, Drop-
fies, Z?c. if they mifs Apoplectic Fits.

Rum is made of Cane-juice not fit to make Sugar, being eaten
with Worms in a bad Soil, or through any other fault ; or of the
Skummings of the Coppers in Crop time, or of Moloffus and wa¬
ter fermented about fourteen days in Citterns, and then diftill’d off,
of which an account will be given hereafter. It feems to be much the
fame with Rack, or Arac (made in the Eaji- Indies of Rice) and other
vinous Spirits, the Creatures of Fermentation, and has an unfavoury
Empyreumatical fcenc, which is endeavour’d to be taken off by
Rectification, mixing Rofemary with it, or after double Diftiiling
letting it ftand under Ground in Jars.

They talk of a common Experiment here, that any Animals Li¬
ver put into Rum grows foft, and not fo in Brandy, whence they
argue this laft lefs wholefome than that, but their Experiment, if
true, proves no fuch thing. I think it may be faid to have all
good and bad qualities of Brandy, or any fermented or vinous Spirir.

It is, and maybe us’d outwardly, inftead of Hungary water, in
Aches, Pains, <?c. efpecialiy that which is double diftill’d.

The better fort of People lie as in England , though more on
Quilts, and with few, if any Coverings ; they hold here that lying
expos’d to the Land Breezes, is very unhealthy, which I do not be¬
lieve to come fo much from the qualities of the Air, either mani-
feft or more oblcure, as from this, that the Air is, when one goes
to fleep here,very hot, the Sun beams having heated it fo long, it
retains this heat for fomeconfiderable time in the night, which after¬
wards wearing away, it grows towards morning very cold, and
affeCis one fo much as by the coldnels fometimes to awake one if
Beeping. This muff of needfity check infenfible tranlpiration, and
io may be the caufe of many Difeafes. To avoid this, Negros and
Indians fleep not without a Fire near them.

Hamacas are the common Beds of ordinary white People, they
were in ufe amongft the Indians , and are much cooler than Beds, fo
cool as not to be lain in without Clothes, efpecialiy if lwung, as is
ufuaily the cuftom here. This fort of Bed is very proper for People
troubled with Rbumatifms, or inflam’d Blood, as alfo thofe who
have any great defluxion on any part of their Legs or Thighs ; alfo
for Women with Child in danger of Miicarriage, the high lying or
pofidon of the parts, the Heels being up as high as the Head, fa¬
vouring this. ’Tis a very good way, and eafie for a fick Perfon to
be earned in one of thefe from place to place by four Men, as is the
Cuftom of the better fort of people in Guinea.

Indians

The Introduction.

XXXI

Indians and Negroes lie on the Floors, mofl: generally on Mats
made of Bull- ruffles, ordinary Ruffles, Ribs of Planrain Leaves,
or the Spatba, or Vagina of Cabbage- tree- Flowers, with very little
or no coverings, and a fmall Fire near them in their Cottages. Hence
they and ordinary white Servants, who lie not in Beds, arenotfard
to go to Bed, but to go and Sleep ; and this Phrafe has generally
obtain’d all over the Plantations.

Beds are fometimes covered all over with Gauze to hinder the
Mofquitos or Gnats from buzzing about, biting or awaking thofe ly¬
ing in them. This is chiefly after Rain.

It is efteem’d here the wholefomeft way to go to Bed early,
and rife early.

• . . . , i

The heat of the Air exhaufting the Spirits, no wonder if fome of
the edge of Mankind to Venery be taken off,* it is thought by fome
Men, that they are bewitch’d or charm’d by the Air 5 by others
that that defire in Women by this heat is Augmented, but 1 believe
neither; for what I could find by feveral People this Appetite is the
fame as in other places, neither are men more bewitch’d or charm’d
here than in Europe ; but I believe People being here more debauch’d
than in England, the Confequences may be more taken notice of;
and I am apt to think that a great many Dropfies may come from
this, nothing depauperating the Blood like excefiive Venery. I
once law a very great Dropfie fall on a ftrong young man, occasioned
by one nights very exceffive debauchery.

Exercifes here are not many, becaufe of the heat of the Air ; riding
in the mornings is the moft ordinary, which by its eafie moving the
Abdomen, and lo confequently its Contents, and by that means for^
warding the depuration of the Blood in the feveral EmwElories there
plac’d, has a very great power in keeping a Man in found Health,
as well as recovering a Man when fickly and ill.

The Paflions of the Mind have a very great power on Mankind
here, efpecially Hyfterical Women, and Hypochondriacal Men.
Thefe cannot but have a great (hare in the caufe of feveral Difeafes,
fome of the People living here being in fuch Circu m fiances , as
not to be able, to live eafily elfewhere : add to this, that there are
not wanting fome, as every where elfe, who have been of bad Lives,
whereby their minds are difturb’d, and their Difeafes, if not render d
Mortal, yet much worfe to cure than thofe who have fedate Minds
and clear Confciences. On the fame account it is that thofe who
have not their Wills, Minds, and Affairs fettled, in Diftempers are

much worfe to be cur’d than other Men. On all which refpe<fts the

Indians

xxxn

The Introduction.

Mam, who are not covetous, not trouble themfelves about many
things we do, have much advantage of us.

Froft or Snow are never feen in this hot Climate, but fometimes
Hail, and that very large, of which during my being here I law one
inftance, it comes with very gteat Norths, which reach with great
violence to the South-fide, and throw down every thing before them.

The Dews here ate fo great, as in the morning to drop down
from the Leaves of Trees, as if it had rain’d ; they fall moft in the
morning when cooled. One riding in the night perceives the great-
nefsof the Dews, for he. will find his Cloths, Hair, &c. very wet

There are few, if any Fogs, in the Plains or Tandy places near the
Sea, only in mornings over mold places, as Rivers, Ponds, &c. there
rifes a great Fog: but in the Inland parts, as Sixteen-Miles-Walk,
Magotty Savanna, &c. are great Fogs every morning mod part of
the year, which are clear’d up as the Sun nfes, or Sea-Breeze begins
to blow. Although thefe Fogs are as above, yet the People living

there are efteemed healthy. , j

Rains are here very violent and lafting when they come, the d p
are very large, probably from the Clouds breaking ; it being ob-
fervable, if one pour water out of any Veffel, the higher ns
from the Ground the finaller will the Drops be. The Rainbow

here is as frequent as any where.in times of Rain.

According to the diderent Pofitions of the places, fo the Rains
are more or lefs vialent, and come at different times ; but generally
fpeaking, the two great rainy Seafons are in May and OBober, in whied
Months, at newer full Moon, they begin, and continue day and
ntht fo’r a whole fortnight with great violence , fo that the Earth m
all level places is laid under water for fome Inches, and it become*
loofe for a great many Inches deep, and fo confequently the Roads
are almod unpaffable. In the Town of St. J ago Je la Vega in thofe
rainv Seafons, I was forc’d to ride on Horfeback, although but from
door to door, to vifit the Sick. And thefe Seafons as they are
call’d, from their being fit to Plant in, are generally fo over the
whole Ifland, though they are much alter d in their time and violence
of late years, which arifes from the clearing much of the Country

°f In' the month of January is likewrle expeded a Seafon or Ram
but this is not fo conftant nor violent as are the other two, and
probably may come from the violent Norths, at that time paffing
over the Mountains, with part of theit Rains with them, for

In

The Introduction. xxxiii

In the North- fide of this Ifland Rains in that Month are general¬
ly very frequent and violent, coming along with great Winds, which
neverthelefs feidom pafs the Hills, or ridge of Mountains running
through the middle of th.e Ifland, fo that very often the Sealons of the
one are different from thofe of the other.

For all the Summer- months, or when the Sun is near, or over
their Heads, or indeed almoft the whole year round, towards Noon,
it rains on fome part of the Ridge of Mountains running through
the Ifland, with Thunder and Lightning. Thefe Rains feidom
reach two or three Miles into the Plains ; wherefore on the account
of thefe Rains, the Valleys lying very near, or amongft the Moun¬
tains, have more Seafons, and are more fertile than the Plains farther
off, which, if they have any Rain, it is but the Outskirts of that
in the Mountains, and therefore inconfiderable.

At other times of the year, fometimes for three or four days toge¬
ther there may be a Shower about Twelve, or four a Clock in the
Afternoon, which only ferves to moiften the furface of the Ground
without any profit.

It will be neceffary for the better under /landing of thefe
Things , to ghe a fournal of the W eather, obferved by
me at it. Jago de la Vega in Jamaica.

from thence to night a dead
Calm j in the evening a very
great Dew.

5. No Breeze in the morning,
which begins at one or two
by the Clock after noon.

6. The Breeze is great, and lafts
till late in the night.

7. The Breeze is moderate.

8. The Breeze is pretty ftrong.
p. No Breeze till two or three

in the afternoon.

10. A great Sea-Breeze# but at
Twelve, Rain with Thunder
came with the Land-Wind ,
and no Breeze after.

11. A Sea-Breeze, and about
Twelve, Rain from the Moun-

(i ) tains

May 1 688.

2. A Great Sea-Breeze all

day, begins in the
morning early^ no Land-Breeze
the night before.

3. A great Sea-Breeze all day,
begins about nine or ten in the
morning; in the firft part of
the night a great Halo about
the Moon.

4. In the morning early a Sea-
Breeze pretty great, about Ele¬
ven in the morning Thunder
in the Mountains with Rain j
a little of both came to us,
with the Land-Winds, and

XXXIV

The Introduction.

<

y

tains withThunder, after which

no Breeze.

1 2. A frefh Sea-Breeze till night,
very hot evenings and morn¬
ings; moft people are broke
out with Puftles in their Skins.

M • ^ greac Sea-Breeze.

1 4. I went to Tort-^oyal, the Sea-
Breeze came in the morning
about nine or ten ; yefterday
by it's violence it had broke a
Guinea Ships Cable, and fet her
adrift.

15. A great Breeze and Thun¬
der with Rain in the Moun¬
tains.

1 6. About nine the Breeze rofe,
it was moderate confidering the
time of the Moon.

17. A great Sea-Breeze, Thun¬
der with Rain in the Moun¬
tains.

18. A moderate Sea-Breeze, to¬
wards noon Thunder , and
two great Showers.

A Sea-Breeze, moderate, but
no Rain. _

20. Little or no Breeze, great
Lightning laft night, with
Thunder towards the Sea in
the morning.

21. A Little Rain in the morn¬

ing, no Breeze till the after¬
noon, then a great Sea-Breeze
with abundance of Rain, but
no Thunder nor Lightning ,
the Rain lafted till fix at
night. f c,' ,

ii. A great Sea-Breeze, no Rain.

22. A moderate Breeze, Rain to-

J m m

wards the evening, it con¬
tinues all night with great
Thunder.

24. A pretty ftrong Breeze.

25. A very ftrong Breeze, fome
Rain in the night.

16. A great Breeze, no Rains ;
Quotidians, or every day Jguesy
very frequent.

27. A great Breeze, no Rain, but
pretty cool weather.

28. A great Breeze. Coming
from fort’^oyal our Boat out-
fail'd, or went fafter than the
Breeze.

2p. No Rain, but a great Breeze.
30. A pretty large Breeze, with
Rain in the Mountains.

5 1. A great Sea-Breeze.

ftrne 1 688.

1. A Moderate Breeze.

2. /\ A great Sea-Breeze^

3. A great Sea- Breeze.

4. A great Sea-Breeze.

5. A moderate Sea-Breeze, it
continued the moft part of the
night.

6 . A great Sea-Breeze, it begins
late.

7. A moderate Sea-Breeze, it
begins late.

8. A moderate Sea-Breeze,
p. The Breeze begins very late.

1 o. A very eafie Sea -Breeze, if
any at all.

1 1. Rain about four and five this
morning, no Breeze all day,
towards the evening one from
the Land.

1 2. Little or no Breeze from the
Sea in the morning, towards
twelve a Clock a very great
one, with Rain in the evening.

13. Rain

/

The Introduction,

XXXV

i 3. Rain this morning, no Breeze,
but a Sea Breeze, with Rain
towards the evening,

14. Themoft part of laft night
a great Sea Breeze, with fome
little Rain in the morning, a-
bout eight a great Rain, it
continued all day to rain and
blow from the Sea alterna¬
tively,

15. This morning fair, but no
Breeze till towards Noon, and
then very moderate.

1 6. No Breeze in the morning,
but towards Noon a pretty
ftrong one from the Sea.

17. A pretty great Sea Breeze,
Rain with Thunder in the
Mountains.

18. In the morning Thunder,
with Rain from the Sea , a
pretty large Breeze towards
Noon, fair all day after, with
a moderate Breeze from the
Sca?

19. A moderate Breeze towards
ten, and about Noon it was
very ftrong with Thunder and
Rain in the Mountains.

20. A moderate Sea Breeze.

2 1 . A very great Breeze from the
Sea.

22. A moderate Sea Breeze till
night, then a very violent one,
with Rain from the Sea.

2 1 . A very great Sea Bteeze, in the
evening one from the Land.

24. A very great Sea Breeze.

25. A moderate Sea Breeze,

2 6. A very fmall Sea Breeze.

27. A very moderate Sea Breeze,

28. A very great Sea Breeze.

29. A moderate Sea Breeze.

30. A moderate Sea Breeze.

fuly 1 638.

2 . A Very great Sea Breeze.

3. A very great Sea
Breeze.

4. A very great Sea Breeze till
towards two in the Afternoon,
then Showers of Rain.

5. A moderate Breeze, Rain a-
bout Noon from the Moun¬
tains.

6. A moderate Breeze, with
Rain towards Noon.

7. A moderate Breeze.

8. A moderate Breeze.

9. A very eafie Breeze, with Sul¬
try uneafie weather, towards the
evening Thunder with Rain
in the Mountains.

1 o. A very moderate Breeze.

11. A moderate Breeze, Rain in
the afternoon from the Sea,
with two very heavy Showers
in the night.

12. A moderate Breeze, with
Thunder and Rain in the
Mountains, and the tail of a
Shower in Town.

1 3. A moderate Sea Breeze.

1 4. A moderate Sea Breeze.

*5. A moderate Sea Breeze,

1 6. A very great Sea Bteeze,
with Thunder in the Moun¬
tains.

1 7. A great Sea Breeze.

\ 8. A very ftrong Sea Breeze.

1 9. A very great Sea Breeze.

20. A very moderate Sea Breeze,
with overcaft cloudy weather.

2 1 . A moderate Sea Breeze, which
continues pretty ftrong nil nine
at night.

22. Very

xxxvi The Introduction.

22. Very little or no Breeze, this
day cloudy, and overcaft, to¬
wards the evening a Breeze
from the Sea which lafts till
nine at night.

23. Little or no Breeze, overcaft,
thick, cloudy and fultry wea¬
ther.

24. Little or no Breeze, overcaft,
hot, cloudy weather.

25. Little or no Sea Breeze, over¬
caft fultry weather.

26. Little or no Sea Breeze, over¬
caft fultry weather, extreamly
hoc and uneafie. 1 was at this
time Sick my felf.

27. Little or no Sea Breeze, ful¬
try weather. Fainting fits are
very common.

28. Very little Sea Breeze, unea¬
fie weather.

29. Very little Sea Breeze, the
fame uneafinefs.

30. A modeeate Sea Breeze.

31. A great Sea Breeze.

Jugujl I <588.

1 . A Great Sea Breeze.

2. A Great Sea Breeze,
hoc between the Sea and
Land Breeze, a little Shower.

3. A moderate Sea Breeze.

4: A moderate Sea Breeze.

5. A moderate Sea Breeze, hot
between the Sea and the Land
Breeze , the Breeze blows at
at Tort Royal all night-

6. A moderate Sea Breeze.

7. A moderate Sea Breeze.

8. A moderate Sea Breeze, ve¬
ry hot, and few people per¬
fectly well, Loofnefles in the
night common.

9. A moderate Sea Breeze, which
continues till eight or nine at
night.

1 o. A moderate Sea Breeze, blows
late.

1 f . A great Sea Breeze, with one
Shower from the Mountains,
and another from the Sea in the
afternoon.

12. A very eafie Sea Breeze, with
Rain in the afternoon.

13. A very eafie Sea Breeze, with
Rain in the afternoon,

1 4. A very fmall Sea Breeze, with,
no Rain, though fultry wea-
ther.

1 5. Little or no Sea Breeze,
feme, though little Rain, with
much Thunder, Plants begin
to bud.

1 6. Extream hot, little or no
Breeze from the Sea.

1 7. Little or no Sea Breeze, very
hot, Quotidians common ftill,
Thunder with Rain in the af¬
ternoon.

18. A moderate Sea Breeze,
Thunder with Rain from the
mountains in the afternoon.

1 9. A moderate Sea Breeze, Thun¬
der and Lightning all night,
without Rain.

20. A little after day break
yefterday morning an Earth¬
quake was taken notice of at
Point or Tort (Royal, and Li-
guame , a moderate Sea Breeze
blew this day.

2 1 . A Moderate Sea Breeze, with
fome Rain in the afternoon.

22. A moderate Sea Breeze,
it was cloudy in the afternoon.

23. A great Sea Breeze.

24. A moderate Sea Breeze.

25. A

The Introduction.

xxxvu

in

25. A moderate Sea Breeze.

26. A moderate Sea Breeze ,
the afternoon fome Rain.

27. A great Rain.

2 84 Fair weather, with a very
eafie Breeze.

29. A fmall Sea Breeze , Rain
with Thunder.

^ o. A very great Shower, with
Rain in the afternoon.

Thefc laffc four days I obferved
the Weather at Mr. Elletjons
Plantation in Uguanee, and at
my return to St »Jdgo de Id Ve¬
ga, I was told it had rained
there but one day of the four.

September 1 <58 S.

8. A very moderate Sea Breeze.

9. A very eafie Sea Breeze, in
the afternoon a great guft of
wind from the North, with
fome fmall Showers, the night
following there was much
Lightning, Thunder, and Rain.

1 o. About ten or eleven a Clock
great Rain, with a Sea Brezee.

1 1. In the morning a pretty great
Sea Breeze after Rain, which
came in the night before with
Thunder. With the Breeze
this day came Rain, whteh
was very violent all day.

12. This morning by four it be¬
gan to Rain, and continued
till eight in the morning, then
fair till night.

13. This day fmall Rains, with
dry weather between.

1 4. Small Rains, with dry wea-J
ther between the Showers.

1 5. A moderate Sea Breeze.

1 6. A very great Sea Breeze, with
a Shower in the Mountains a-
bout twelve.

1 7. A moderate Sea Breeze, with
Rain from the Mountains a-
bout nine of the Clock.

1 8. A moderate Sea Breeze, with
Rain from the Sea about eight
or nine in the morning.

i; XJ Ain at Liguanee , with
a moderate Breeze
from the Sea, and after from
the Mountains.

2. A moderate Sea Breeze, no
Rain, very much clouded, and
fultry weather.

* An eafie, Sea Breeze, the
weather makes the people
fomewhat faintifh, Tertians are
frequent.

4. A very great Sea Breeze.

5- e^*e ^ea ;n Wt[,e 19. Laft night Showers and

fome drops of Ram m the| 9^ ^ day ^

fame.

afternoon.

6. A great Dew, in the morn
ing early getting on Horfe-
back, after day light , my
Periwig and Cloths were
throughly wet with it before
Sun rifing, a moderate Sea
Breeze.

7. A moderate Sea Breeze, pretty

cool in the night.

20. Very hard Rain from the
Sea all day, with fometimes
great Winds.

21. Rain and Showers alterna¬
tively.

22. A great Sea Breeze, with

Thunder and Rain in the
Mountains, and fome drops
here. (k) Z3'I[»

• ••

XXXVUI

The Introduction.

In the mornig Rain, and fo
continues till tthree of the
Clock.

24. A moderate Sea Breeze.

% 5. A moderate Sea Breeze, with¬
out Rain all day.

26. A very frcili Breeze from the
Sea all day.

27* A moderate Sea Breeze with¬
out Rain.

28. Little or no Breeze, but^ a
great many Gnats or Mofqui-
tos.

29. A moderate Sea Breeze.

5©. A moderate Sea Breeze, and
very hot weather.

OBober 1 88.

1 A

ther.

Moderate Sea Breeze
with very hot wea-

2. A moderate Sea Breeze, with
Thunder and Rain in the
Mountains.

3. A Sea Breeze with Thunder

and Rain, very hot. :

4. A very cafie Breeze.

5. A moderate Sea Breeze, with
a Sea Wind, and great Rain a-
bout noon.

6. A moderate Sea Breeze, with
Rain at noon.

7. A moderate Sea Breeze, with
great Rain from the Sea.

8. Great Rain from the Sea.

9. No Sea Breeze, nor from the
Land.

10. No Breeze, but fair.

} 1 . No Breeze, but a great deal
of Rain all day.

1 2. A pretty ftrong Sea Breeze, but

» fair.

1 3. A pretty ft rang Sea Breeze.

1 4. A ftrong Sea Breeze.

t 5. A pretty ftrong Sea Breeze.

1 6. Fair weather with a Sea
Breeze.

17. A fmall Sea Breeze with fair
weather.

1 8. Going over the Mountains,
between the North and South
fides of this Ifland, at the Mo-
neque Savanna I met with a

; Breeze from the North Sea.
I continued in the North fide
of the I (land from this day to
the twenty third , where it
was fair weather, then returned
to the South fide.

r 9. A Breeze from the Sea.

25. A fair day with a fmall Sea
Breeze.

24. A Sea Breeze with fome
Rain.

25. Fair weather, with a fmall
Sea Breeze.

26. A Sea very cafie Breeze.

27. A pretty ftrong Sea Breeze.

28. A pretty ftrong Sea Breeze,
with a great Shower in the
night.

50. A pretty ftrong Sea Breeze.

31. A pretty ftrong Sea Breeze,
with great Rain after Sun fer.

November 1688.

1. A Very ftrong Sea

y Breeze.

2. A ftrong Sea Breeze.

3. A very ftrong Sea Breeze, with
Rain in the Mountains in the
afternoon. ' Tertians and Quo¬
tidians are very common.

4. A

The Introduction.

XXXIX

4. A ftrong Sea Breeze, Rain
from the Mlountains in the
afternoon.

5. The Weather very hot, in the

forenoon fcarce any Breeze,
but Rain in the afternoon.

6. A great deal of Rain in the
morning till about noon, then
fair afterwards.

7. Very hot, in the morning no
Breeze.

8. A pretty confiderable Breeze
with fair weather.

9. Little or no Breeze, and very

hot.

io» Very hot, with little or no
Breeze till the afternoon, then
it was ft rong.

n. A pretty ftrong Sea Breeze,
ii. a pretty ftrong Sea Breeze.
ii. A very ftrong Sea Breeze.

14. A very ftrong Sea Breeze,
with fome Rain in the morn'
ing.

15. A very ftrong Sea Breeze.

16. A very ftrong Sea Breeze,
which lafts till very late in the
evening.

17. This day a ftrong Sea Breeze.

1 8. A very ftrong Sea Breeze,
ip. A pretty ftrong Sea Breeze,

though not fo much as the days
before, towards noon fome
few drops of Rain.

20. Very little Sea Breeze, with
fome fmall drops of Rain in
the afternoon.

21. Avery eafie Sea Breeze, and
very hot.

12. Avery eafie Sea Breeze and
very hot , Rain in the after¬
noon.

15. Little or no Sea Breeze, a
part of a North, at night fome
Rain from the Mountains.

24. Little or no Sea Breeze, a
great Shower from the Moun¬
tains, the Norths, or North
Wind?, are expected.

* Little or no Sea Breeze, a-
bouc ten by the Clock , a
North with Rain.

26. A North with Rain.

27. An eafie North.

18. A great North.

29. No Breeze in the morning,
but towards the< afternoon a
great North*

jo. In the morning no Breeze,
but in the afternoon a great
North*

‘December id88»

1. TN the morning calm, id
| the afternoon a North

pretty frefli.

2. Very calm with Rain, though
fmall and from the North.

|. Very calm , with a fmart
Shower from the Sea in the af¬
ternoon.

4. Calm, with drilling Rain in
the morning.

5. Laft night great Rain, which
continues this day from the
Sea.

6. A great Sea Breeze begins
early, and continues all day.

7. A great Rain begins in the
morning from the Mountains,
and contittues all day.

8. Little or no Breeze.

9. Fair weather, with a imall
North. Tertians and Quotidians

are very common.

10. Little or no Sea Bteeze, to¬
wards the evening a North,

which

*5

xl

The Introduction.

all

which blows very hard
night.

i i. A pretty frefli Sea Breeze,
and in the afternoon a North
continues all night very ftrong.
^12, No Sea Breeze till ten a
Clock.

1$. An ea lie North.

1 4. Little or no Breeze.

1 f . A moderate Sea Breeze.

1 6. Little or no Sea Breeze, but
very hot.

17. Little or no Breeze, but very
hot.

1 8. A moderate North.

ip. A very eafie North, with
. fome fmall drops of Rain in
the afternoon.

20. A great North.

2 1 . A North eafie all day, in the
evening and all night very vio¬
lent.

21. In the morning very calm,
continues fo all day.

23. Between $ a If age Fort and
fort %oyal I found a hot or!
warm Wind before Sun riling J
coming from the Salt- Pond-
Hills over the Mangroves and
Ponds. I ask'd the Water¬
men if they did obferve
it, which they told me they
did, and found it very evi¬
dent. Very hot, and fultry
weather.

24. In the morning a fmall Fog
in the Savannas, and in the
Afternoon a Sea Breeze very
fmall, very hot and fultry
Weather.

2 5 . In the morning no Breeze but
very hot, in the afternoon
and all night a very ftrong
North.

26. Avery ftrong North all day
and the night following.

27* In the morning a fmall North,
which increafes all day, and
continues the moft part of the
night.

2 8. An eafie Sea Breeze, at four
in the afternoon a North with
a little Rain.

2p. An eafie North.

30. Little or no Breeze.

3 1 . Little or no Breeze.-

fanuary 1 <588.

2* TT Me or no Breeze in

Jw c^e coming, very hot
all day.

3. Little or no Breeze.

4. Little or no Breeze,
y. A pretty frefh North.

6. A fmall North.

7. A fmall North.

8. The moft part of this day
fmall Rain , a little overcaft
with a fmall Sea Breeze, in the
evening Rain.

9. In the morning a pretty

ftrong Sea Breeze, in the evening
Rain. &

10. An eafie Sea Breeze.

1 1 . Little or no Sea Breeze.

1 2. A pretty ftrong Sea Breeze,
a little Rain in the evening.

13. A pretty ftrong Sea Breeze,
with fome drops in the after¬
noon.

14. A pretty ftrong Sea Breeze,
and overcaft.

1 5. A very ftrong Sea Breeze, and
overcaft.

16; An eafie North,

}7 • A

The Introduction.

1 7. A pretty ftrong North with
fome Rain,

iB. A pretty ftrong Sea Breeze,
the North yefterday ftrong
here, (at St. Jago de la Vega,)
it reached not Tort Tgyal, this
evening a fmali Rain.

1 9. A very ftrong Sea Breeze.

20. A great North, with a great
Shower in the afternoon.

21. A great North, and ail day
overcaft, with fome drops of
Rain in the afternoon.

22. A great North, with fair
Weather.

23. Little or no Breeze, but a*
bout four in the afternoon a
Land-wind.

24. A pretty eafie Sea Breeze, a
pretty great Shower towards
Tajfage Fort .

25. Little or no Breeze, but ve¬
ry hot.

26. A pretty ftrong Sea Breeze.

27. A pretty ftrong Sea Breeze.

2 8. A very ftrong Sea Breeee.

29. A moderate Sea Breeze.

30. In the morning at Guanaboa
a North, in the afternoon a
Sea Breeze. Their great Rains
(at Guanaboa ) are in May, and
continue fo till Ottober from
the Sea : then their Norths
come in.

3 1 . A very great Sea Breeze.

February 1688.

1. TN the morning very

1 warm, towards Noon
and in the Afternoon, a very
ftrong Sea Breeze.

2. In the morning hot, in the

afternoon a ftrong Sea Breeze
which iafts till hte in the
evening.

3 . A moderate Sea Breeze, and
very warm.

4 A moderate Sea Breeze, and
very hot.

5 . A very ftrong Sea Breeze.

6. A very ftrong Sea Breeze.

7. A moderate Sea Breeze, in
the afternoon very hot, all
Plants are burnt up.

8. A very great and ftrong Sea
Breeze, though in the morn¬
ing about Sun-Rifing, great
appearance of Rain, with fome
few drops.

9. All laft night a very ftrong
Sea Breeze , this morning it
continues very ftrong, with
fome drops of Rain, and blows
all day very hard.

10. In the morning calm, to¬
wards Noon two great Showers
with a Sea Breeze.

1 1. In the morning calm, a Land
Breeze all day.

\ 1. A pretty ftrong eafterly Wind.

13. A North or Land-wind this
morning, and continues moft
of the day, about Noon a
fmali Shower.

14. In the morning calm, to¬
wards evening a fmali Shower.

1 5. A fmali Sea Breeze.

1 6. An eafie North.

1 7. An eafie North.

18. An eafie Sea Breeze.

1 9. An eafie Sea Breeze.

20. In the morning calm, after¬
wards a fmali Sea Breeze, it
grows pretty violent towards
night.

n . A moderajp Sea Breeze.

(1) **! A

The Introduction.

xlii

22. A pretty ftrong Sea Breeze,
with Rain at night in Gua-
naboa.

25. A ftrong Sea Breeze.

24. A ftrong Sea Breeze.

25. An eafie Sea Breeze, with a
very great Rain about twelve a
Clock from the mountains,
which continues till night.

26. An eafie Sea Breeze, hot in
the morning, at Noon Rain
from the Mountains, which
continues all day.

27. In the morning hot.

28. In the morning hot, about
Noon great Rains, which con¬
tinue till night.

March 1 <588.

!. 1TN the morning overcaft,
1 about Noon it begins
to Rain, and fo continues till
night.

2. In the morning about nine
it begins to Rain, and con¬
tinues very heavy till night.

3. In the morning fair, at one

in the afternoon Rain , con-
tinues till night, great Rains
are now in the North fide of
this Ifland.

4. In the afternoon little Rain.

5. A ftrong Sea Breeze.

6. A ftrong Sea Breeze.

7. A fair morning , in the
evening a little Rain.

8. A fair morning and hot,
it continues fo all day.

9. A fair morning , very hot,
and continues fo all day.

10. Very hot in the morning, and
calm.

1 1 . Fair, but a very great Breeze
from the Sea.

12. Fair, and a very great Breeze
from the Sea.

13. Hot in the morning, a great
Sea Breeze by Noon, which
continues late.

i 4. Very hot in the morning.

1 j. An eafie Sea Breeze.

1 6. An eafie Sea Breeze.

17. An eafie Sea Breeze, with a
fmall drifting Rain , coming
with the Land Breeze.

This Iftand being feveral Degrees within the Tropic, has the Trade
Wind continually there, which is on the South fide of the Ifland call'd
the Sea Breeze. It comes about eight a Clock in the morning, and in-
creates or frefhens till twelve in the day, and then as the Sun grows
lower, fo it decreafes till there is none about four at night. About eight
at night begins the Land Breeze, blowing four Leagues into the Sea
both in Jamaica and the Continent, and continues increafing till
twelve at night, and decreafes again to four, when there is no
more of it. This courfe generally holds true. The Sea Breeze
now and then is more violent than at other rimes, as at new or full
Moon, and incroaches very much on the Land-wind, and the Norths
when they reign, vi%. in the months of December , January , or Fe¬
bruary , blow over the ridge of Mountains with violence, and hinder
the Sea Breeze. Sometimes the Sea Breeze will blow all night, but

this

The Introduction.

xliii

this is to be taken notice of, that the Sea-Breeze blows ftronger or
longer neat the Sea, as at <Po or faJfagt-Fort, than it does
win Land, as at St .J^ielaFega, or Sfan.jh Town As con-
trariwife the Und-wind blows harder at the Town than at Tajjage-
Fort or Fort koyal Thefe things are evident to any who petules
the preceding Journal, where when th® Breeze is mentioned, us to
be underftood the Sea-Breeze in the day, or if in the night, the Land-
Breeze: thofe Breezes ordinarily fucceeding each the other.

As the Trade-Wind, between the Tropics, comes not diredt y
from the Eaft, but varies from North- Ealf to South-Eaft, according
to Re place and pofuion of the Sun, fo the Sea-Breeze here has the

like Variation, not coming always from the fame Point ; on the con¬
trary the Land-Winds or Breezes, come always from the Rioge o

Hilfs and from the fame point of them, and this holds both on th

North and South fides of thislflrnd. In Valleys amor, gft the Moun-
Sns the Sea-Breeze, or Land one, has feldom any great influence

mm, «? rfeTlv.'K“ rs £:

The Land-wind blowing at night, and Sea- ore ;

time, is the Reafon why no Shipping can come into Pott, except in

T Ofc-Wml , cold ond unbcol-

St! of ,b< Land-Wind wbb i., o
of Florida, and a great deal farther “Nff’r“f ' This Wind is

■* «■* - *

As at Sea in t direftlv contrary to the Tiade-

ri bon™ ”bh gcdcll, violent a*. I* bnp-

pens feldom, and is foon over. thouoht to hinder the

The Sea Breeze, She moifpart then raining
Rain from coming to the Plain , fountains many

in the Hills. On this account t.s that he^te m t ^ ^ ukewi(e

Springs and Rivets, and few or non the Rivets coming from

the caufe why there is never want of water in the Rivers & ^

The Introduction.

them through the Plains, and likewife that fometitaes Rivers differ
very great increafe and inundations in the Plains, whereas no Rain
fell in the places where fuch inundations appear.

Earthquakes as they are too frequent in Hijpaniola , where the?
have formerly thrown down the Town of Santo Domingo, f6 they
are too common here alfo j The Inhabitants expert one every year,
and fome of them think they follow their great Rains. One happeh’d
on Sunday the 1 9. of February , 1 6 8 8. about eight in the morning*
I found in a Chamber one Story high the Cabinets, and feveral other
Moveables on the Floor to reel, as if People had rafed the Founda¬
tions of the Houle. I look’d out at a Window to fee what was the
matter, and found that the Pigeons and other Birds in an Aviary
hard by were on the Wing inaS great Aftoniflhment, keeping them-
felves in that Pofture, not knowing where to alight. Wherefore
concluding what it was, and the Danger in being in an high Brick-
Houfe, 1 made what haft I could to get out • but before I had
palled through two Rooms, and got to the Staircafe, it was
over. It came by Shocks ; there were three of them, with a little
Paufe between. It lafted about a Minute of Time in all • and there
was 2 final l Noife accompanied it. A' pair of Stairs higher it threw
down moft Things off the Shelves, and had much more villble Ef-
fe<5ls than below. This was generally felt all over the Ifland at the
fame time, or near it ; fome Houfes therein being crack’d and very
near ruin’d, others being uncovered of their Tiles, very few efcaped
fome Injury, and the People in them were generally in a great Cort-
fternation, feeing them dance. The Ships in the Harbour at Tort-
(Royal felt it j and one who was Eaftward of the Ifland coming thi¬
ther from Europe, met with, as he faid, at the fame time, an Hurri¬
cane. One riding on Horfeback was not fenfibleof it. A Gentle¬
man being at that time abroad in his Plantation, told me, he law
the Ground rife like the Sea in a Wave, as the Earrhquake palled
along, and that it went Northward 5 for that fome fmail time after
he had felt it, he faw by the Motion of the Tops of the Trees on Hills,
fome Miles diftant, that it had then reach’d no farther than that place.
The Spaniards who inhabited this Ifland, and thole neighbouring,
built their Houfes very low ; and they conlifted only of Ground-
Rooms, their Walls being made of Pofts, which were as much
buried underground as they ftood above, on purpofe to avoid the
Danger which attended other manner of Building from Earthquakes.
And I have feen in the Mountains afar off bare Spots, which the In¬
habitants told me, were the Efte<5h of Earthquakes throwing down
part of the Hills, which continued bare and If cep But I will not
here enlarge on this, there being feveral Accpunts at large published

by

The Introdudion.

xlv

by me of another dreadful Earthquake which happened afterwards
in this Ifland in the Thilofophical TranfaEHons , Numb. 209. p.77.

Thunder is here almod every day in the Mountains, with the
Rains there, fo that any perfon in the Plains may hear it, as well as
fee the Rain. It does not fo ordinarily accompany thofe Rains that
come from the Sea, although when it does ’tis very violent, and has,
on the feveral fubdances it meets with, either animate or inanimate,
the fame effects as follow Thunder in Europe.

Lightning for the mold part precedes Thunder in this Ifland, as
elfewhere : and if it be fair Weather, efpecially in the hotted Sea*
fons, it lightens almoft all the night over, firft in one part of the
Sky or Horizon, out of feme Clouds, and then out of others op-
pofite to them, as it were anfwering one another, as it happens
often in the Summer in England, &c. and gives occafion to people
of fancy to foretel flrange Wars, <&c. when they pleafe, making
thefe Apparitions in the Air, Soldiers in Battalia,

Falling Stars are here a$ commpn as elfewhere.
if the Seafons of the year be to be counted from the Spring of
Vegetables, the Spring will be after every Seafon or great Rain, every
thing then fpringing up after much Rain, fo that during the time of
fuch Rains is reckoned the Winter time. But they ought rather to
follow the nearnefs, or diftance of the Sun, and fo they will have the
fame time for the Seafons as in Europe j and indeed although the
vifible effe&s are not fo plain, having the Sun when mod didant lo
near them ; yet that thofe times are more to be counted fo than any
others, is, plain from this, that in the months of November, Decem¬
ber and January, the time of the Suns greated Southern diftance from
them, a great many Trees died their Leaves, although they are de-
ditute of them, neither all at a time, nor for many weeks, the warm
Sun, even then, when farthed off, cloaching them fpeedily with
new Garments. In the months of February , March or April , is
the bed time for planting Yams or Perennial Beans, they then, vi%.
in the Spring, taking better Root, and thriving more than at other
times. Befides the Dog-days, or the time near them, are, a? ocher
* where, very infamous for their fuitry heat.

Their Agriculture is but very fmall, their Soil being as yet fo
fruitful as not to need manuring or dunging their Land, although
they begin to lay by their Dung for future ufe, they feeing by the
example of their Neighbours in Barbados, that they may need it.
And even they thercflelves here have in fome places fail'd of Sugar-
works, as near the Angels, where the ground had been cultivated or
manur’d before their coming to the Ifland. It was, and is among
feveral, the cuflom to burn their Trafh, which is the Marc or re-

(m) - mainder

xlvi

The Introduction.

mainder of the Sugar-Canes after the juice is fqueezed out for the
making of Sugar, but now of late ’tis kept in heaps, that fo after
their new clear’d Land has by Tilling been worn out, they may
Dung it with this.

They clear ground, likely to be ufeful, by felling the Trees
as near the Root as they can, the Timber if near their Work, they
cut into fmaller pieces, fplit it, and ufe it in the Stokeholes as
Fire-wood to boil up the Sugars, if not they gather the Branches,
put them in heaps, and fire them here and there in the Field, wherby
the Field is not only clear’d, but made rich with the Aflies. The
moft part of Fields are not ftub’d up, but the Roots of the Trees,
with about three, four, or five Foot of the Truncs ftand in the
Field, and fometimes the fallen Body of the Tree lies along till
it decays and rots. A Field being fo clear’d, Negros with Hoes,
make fmaller or deeper holes, at nearer or farther diftances accord¬
ing to the thing to be planted, and another coming after throws
in the Seed, or plants the Root, and covers it with Earth, and fo
if a good Seafon has preceded it feldom miffes to thrive, and is
kept clear of Weeds till it be able of its felf to choak them.

Fields which have before been planted feveral times are before
Rain is expected clear’d of the Stalks and Roots of any Plants may
have grown there, and they being gather’d in heaps, are burnt ;
and fo the Fields are planted after a Seafon, or let grow in Grafs
for Pafture, as occafion requires.

There is no places after Rain more fruitful than the Savannas,

Where the Roots of Trees do not hinder, trial has been made of
the Plow, and it has done well for Sugar-Canes, <src. to be planted
in.

The Inhabitants of Jamaica are for the moft part Europeans , fome
Creolians , born and bred in the Ifland Barbados, the Windward
jflands, or Surinam , who are the Matters, and Indians , Negros , Mu*
JatoSy Alcatra^es, Mejlifes, Quarterns, See. who are the Slaves.

The Indians are not the Natives of the Ifland, they being all de-
ftroy’d by the Spaniards, of which I have faid fomething before, but
are ufually brought by furprize from the Mu/quitos or Florida , or
fuch as were Slaves to the Spaniards , and taken from them by the
Emlifb . They are very often very much checquered in their Skin,
by* Cupping with Calabafhes, are of an Olive colour, have long
black lank Hair, and are very good Hunters, Fifhers, or Fowlers,
but are nought at working in the Fields or flavifh Work, and if
checkt or drub’d are good for nothing, therefore are very gently
treated, and well fed.

The

The Introduction. xlvii

The Negros are of feveral forts, from the feveral places of Guinea ,
which are reckoned the beft Slaves, thofe from the Eaft- Indies or Ma-
daga/cins , are reckoned good enough, but too choice in their Diet,
being accuftomed in their own Countries to Flefli Meat, Or. and do
not well here, but very often die. Thofe who are Creolians , born in
the Ifland, or taken from the Spaniards , are reckoned more worth
than others in that they are feafon’d to the Ifland.

Clothing of the Ifland is much as in England efpecially of the
better fort, that of the Indians and Negros is a little Canvafs Jacket and
Breeches, given them at Chriflmas. It feems to me the Europeans
do not well, who coming from a cold Country, continue here to
Cloth themfeives after the fame manner as in England , whereas all
Inhabitants between the Tropics go even almofl naked, and Negros
and Indians live almofl fo here, their Cloths ferving them but a very
fmall part %f the year.

When they fleep they unty their Breeches, and loofen thir Girdles,
finding by experience this Cuftom healthy, and there is good reafoii
for it, for by that means the Circulation of the blood is not inter¬
rupted, and fo confequenrly humours are not depofited in the
feveral parts of the Body, which ever follows fuch interruption.

The Buildings of the Spaniards on this Ifland were ufually one
Story high, having a Porch, Parlour, and at each end a Room,
with fmall ones behind for Clofets, <&c. They built with Polls
put deep in the ground, on the fides their Houfes were plaiflered up
with Clay on Reeds, or made of the fplit Truncs of Cabbage-
Trees nail'd clofe to one another, and covered with Tiles, or Pal¬
metto Thatch. The Lownefs, as well as fixing the Polls deep in
the Earth, was for fear their Houfes fhould be ruin'd by Earth¬
quakes, as well as for Coolnefs.

The Houfes built by the Englifh, are for the moft part Brick, and
after the Engtifb manner, which are neither cool, nor able to en¬
dure the fhocks of Earthquakes. The Kitchens, or Cook-Rooms
here, are always at a fmall diftance from their Houfes, becaufc of the
heat and fmeii, which are both noifom and croublefome.

There are no Chimneys or Fire-places in their Houfes, but in the
Cook-Room, this word is ufed to fignifie their Kitchen, and is a
Sea word, as many others of that Country.

The Houfes of confiderable Planters are ufually removed from
their Sugar, or other Works, that they may be free from the noife
and fmells of them, which are very offenfive.

The Negroes Houfes are likewife at a diftance from their Mafters,
and are fmall, oblong, thatch’d Huts, in which they have all their
Moveables or Goods, which are generally a Mat to lie on, a Pot
of Earth to boil their Vi&uals in, either Yams, Plantains, or Po¬
tatoes,

'The Introduction.

tatoes, with a little fait Mackarel, and a' Calabafh or two for
Cups and Spoons.

There are very good Bricks and Pots made here of the Clay of
the Country, to theeafie making of which the few Rains, as well1
as plenty of Fire- wood conduces much.

The Air here being fo hot and brisk as to corrupt and fpoil Meat
in four hours after ’tis kill’d, no wonder if a difeafed Body muft be
foon buried. They ulually bury twelve hours after death at all times
of the day and night.

The burial place at Tort Toyal is a little way out of Town, in a
fandy Soil, becaufe in the Town or Church it is thought unhealthy
for the living. Planters are very often buried in their Gardens, and
have a fmall Monument ere&ed over them, and yet I never heard of
any of them who walk’d after their deaths lor being buried out of
Confecrated ground.

An ampurated Member buried there, and dug up fome days after,
was found eaten by the Ants all but the Bones. In the Caves where
the Indians ufed to bury, the Ants would eat the whole Flefb off of
the Bodies, and would perforate the Bones, and eat up the Marrow,
of which I have a proof, having brought with me from thence the
Bone of the Arm of an Indian lo perforated, and its Marrow eaten
by them.

The Negroes from fome Countries think they return to their
own Country when they die in Jamaica , and therefore regard death
but little, imagining they fhall change their condition, by that means
from fervile to free, and fo for- this reafon often cut their own
Throats. Whether they die thus, or naturally, their Country
people make great lamentations, mournings, and bowlings about
them expiring, and at their Funeral throw in Rum and Victuals into
their Graves, to ferve them in the other world. Sometimes they
bury it in gourds, at other times Ipill it on the Graves.

They have every one his Wife, and are very much concern’d if
they prove adulterous, but in fome meafure fatisfied if their Mafters
punifli the Man who does them the fuppofed injury, in any of his
Hogs, or other fmall Wealth. The care of the Mafters and Over-
feers about their Wives, is what1 keeps their Plantations chiefly in
good order, whence they ever buy Wives in proportion to their
Men, left the Men fhould wander to neighbouring Plantations, and
neglect to ferve them. The Negros are much given to Venery, and
although hard wrought, will at nights, or on Feaft days Dance and
Sing ; their Songs are all bawdy, and leading that way. They
have feveral forts of Inftruments in imitation ol Lutes, made of
imall Gourds fitted with Necks, ftrung with Horfe hairs, or the
peeled ftalks of climbing Plants or Withs. Thefe Inftruments are fome-

times

times made of hollow’d Timber covered with Parchment or other
Skin wetted, having a Bow for its Neck, the Strings ty’d longer or

r’ f aky wouU aLltet Aeif^s. Xhf §igpfiSr pf|fo*e
or thde fnitruments are' hereafter c

or Jar with his Hand., XJifir Dances conlift in :
ftrength of Body, and keeping time, if it can‘

often tie Cows “Jails to their Rumps, and add fueh pthff add' (hmgs
to their Bodies in feveraL places,, as gives diem a ’

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1 The Introduction*

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Upon one of their Feftivals when
a great many of the Negro Muli-
cians were gathered together, I de¬
fied Mr. Baptifte, the belt Mufici-
an there to take the W ords they fung
and fet them to Mulick, which fol¬
lows.

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The Introduction. Jj

Karomanti.

Meri Bonbo

iii

The Introduction.

They ate fruitful, and go after the hjrth of their Children to work
in the Field, with their little ones ty’d to their Backs, in' a Cloth
on purpofe, one Leg on one fide, and the other on the other of their
Mother, whence their Nofes are a little flatted again ft thq Mothers
Back, which amongft them is a Beauty. The fame is the reafon of
the hroadnefs of their and Indians Faces. The Mother when fhe
fuckles her young, having no Cloths to keep her Breafts from fal¬
ling down, they hang very lank ever after, likethofeof G6ats.

Their unskilful cutting the Navel-String, does occafion that
fw el ling which ufually appears in their Navels, and makes their
Bellies prominent. Their Children call’d figaninms or rkther Te-
quenotlNinnos , go naked till they are fit to be put to clean the
Paths, bring Fire-wood to the Kitchen, tsrc. when a Boy Over¬
leer, with his Wand or white Rod, is fee over them as their
Task-Mafter. - j

They are rais’d to work fo foon as the day is light, or Tometies
two hours before by the found of a Conche* Shell, and their Overfeers
noife, or in better Plantations by a Bell. They are fuffered to go to
Dinner at Twelve when they bring Wood, <&c. one burden left they
ftiould come idle out of the Field home, return to the Field at
One, and come home at night.

When a Plantation has many Men or Women, ’tis laid tp be well
handed, or in cafe of few, it is (aid to be bad Landed, or to want
Hands. This ex predion comes, as fome others, from the Planters
of Jamaica , coming a long Voyage at Sea, whereby they get fome of
the Sea Phrafes.. At Sea a Man is call’d a Hand, becaule his
Hands are chiefly ufefiil there. Whence all Hands up co Prayers,
is as much as to fay, let all Men come and Pray, or fend a Hand
to do this or that, is as much as let a Man do this or the other
thing.

T hey have Saturdays in the Afternoon, and Sundays , with Chrift -
mas Holidays, Eaficr call’d little or (Pigganinny, Chriflmas, and fome
other great Feafts allow’d them for the Culture of their own Plan¬
tations to feed themfelves from Potatos, Yams, and Plantancs, tyc.
which they Plant in Ground allow’d them by their Mafters, befides
a fmall Plantain-Walk they have by themfelves.

They formerly on their Feftivals were allowed the ufeof Trum¬
pets after their Fafhion, and Drums made of a piece of a hollow
Tree, covered on one end with any green Skin, and ftrecched with
Thouls or Pins. But making ufe of thefe in their Wars at home
in Africa, it was thought too much inciting them to Rebellion, and
fo they were prohibited by the Cuftoms of the Ifland.

They

The Introduction .

Their little ones are not black, but reddifh brown when firftborn.
From (evcral Countries they are of a deeper or paler colour, when
the lame perfons are paler than ordinary Ptis a fign of ficknefs. Their
colour is heightened by anointing with Palm, or any other Oil.
When a Guinea Ship comes near Jamaica with Blacks to fell, there is
great care taken that the Negros fhould be fhav’d, trim’d, and
their Bodies and Hair anointed all over with Palm-Oil, which adds
a great beauty to them. The Planters choofe their Negros by the
Country from whence they come, and their look. The Blacks from
the Eaft-lndies are fed on Flefh and Fifh at Home, and therefore
are not coveted, becaufe troublefome to nourifh, and thofe from
Jngola run away from their Matters , and fancy on their deaths
they are going Home again, which is no lucriferous Experiment,
for on hard ulage they kill themfelves.

When I was at Liguanee I was told that at the Plantation of
Captain Hudfon there was a young Woman white all over, born
of a black Mother. I had the Curiofity to go and fee her, and
Mrs. Hudfon did me the favour to fend for her. She was twelve
years old, and perfectly white all over, middle fiz’d, broad fac’d,
flat nos’d, ill favour’d, and countenanc’d like a Black. Her Hair
was fair and white, but not lank like Ours, or half lank, half
woolly like thofe of Mulattos , but fhort, woolly, and curled
like thofe of the Blacks in Guinea . Her Mother had been
bought by Captain Hudfon, on her landing in Jamaica , about
eleven weeks before her delivery of this Daughter. Her Mo¬
ther was perfectly black, and related that once before in Guinea ,
her own Country, (he had been brought to Bed of a white Boy,
by a black Father. ’Tis very likely the Mother might have been
fold on this occafion, for as Juan dos Santos tells us that theie white
Children, born of black Parents, are worfhipped in thofe parts
of Ethiopia he lived in, as the Off fpring of the Gods, fo in others,
if my memory does not fail me, they are put to death for being
reputed the Children of the Devil. I was told that in NieVes
two fuch were born , and faw my felf in England a Black, a
Servant of Mr. •Birds, which was mottel’d or fpotted with white
fpots in feveral parts of his Body and Tenis. The Skins of Inch are
whiter than ours, and their Hair is alfo whiter. This is common
to almoft all Creatures, that the colour of the Hair is black or white
as the Skin is on which it grows.

Their Phyfick confifts for the mod part in Cupping with Cala -
bathes on the pain’d place. They firft apply the Cat aba Jh with Tome
Chips or Combuftible matter burning in it, when that is pull d ott
they cut the place with Scarifications, and then apply the Cupping-
7 r - — (o) glafles

liv

The Introduction.

?a£- 33-

gbffcs or Calahafhes again. Their Lancet is a fiiarp Knife, wkh
which they cut through the Flefli held between their Fingers.

This, inftead of relieving, fomefiraes feems rather to add more
pain to the place, by making a Flux of Blood that way. There
are few Negros on whom one may not fee a great many Cicatrices or
Scars, the remains of thcfe Scarifications, for Difeafes or Orna¬
ment, on all their Faces and Bodies, and thcfe Scarifications are
common to them in their own Countries, and the Cicatrices thought
John Loh to add beauty to them. * The Negros called <Papas have moft
*P- ^akL of thefe Scarifications. Other Negros take great pi eafure in having
their woolly curled Hair, cut into Lanes or Walks as the Parterre
of a Garden, and this I have feen them do, for want of a better
Inftiument, with a broken piece of a Giafs Bottle.

Another very general Remedy inalmoft every Difeafe, is mixing
Clay and Water, and plaiftering over either feme part, or all the
Body in the warm Sun ,* but as this mail of neceffity flop the in-
fenfible tranfpiration, fo it rarely miffes to add a Cough to the Pa¬
tients Malady, and always, by what I faw, fails of the Cure of
the Diftemper. Although I will not fay but that in feme Difeafes
k may avail.

They ufe very few Deco&ions of Herbs, no Diftillations, nos
Infufions, but ufually take the Herbs in fubftance. For inftance,
in a Clap, they grind the Roots of Fingrigo and Lime-Tree, be¬
tween two Stones, and ftir them into Lime-Juice till it be pretty
thick, and fo make the Patient take it evening and morning for fome
time. This is the fame method of preparing Medicines, with what
in the Baft-Indies is pra&ifcd, for I have feen many Simples from
thence, and all, or moft, are to be ground on a Stone with fome
fimple Liquor, and fo given the Patient.

Befides Simples, the Negros ufe very much bleeding in the Nofe
with a Lancet for the Head-aoh. They thruft up the Lancet into the
tip of the nofe, after tying a Ligature about the Neck, and fome
drops of Blood follow, whence they think themfelves relieved in
Colds, with Hoarfenefs and fluffed Nofes.

Bathing is very much ufed by them. They boil Bay-Leaves,
Wild-Sage, C?c. in water, in one of their Pots, when boil'd they
tye a Fafciculus of thefe Plants up together, and by putting that
into the Decoction fprinkle their Bodies all over with it as faft as they
can, they being naked.

The Negros and Indians ufe to Bath themfelves in fair water every
day, as often as conveniently they can.

I have heard a great deal of their great Feats in curing feveral Di-
feafes, but could never find them any way reafonable, nor fucccf-
ful in any, and that little they know of Simples here, feems to

come

The Introduction.

come from the Indians , they being us’d for the fame Difeafes in
Mexico and (Brattle , as Bifo, MarcgraVe, Hernandez Ximenes, and
others relate.

One of the greatefl remedies of the Planters living here to pre¬
vent Difeafes, or the ill effedt of what they call ill Fumes or Va¬
pours, is an infufion of the Seeds of that kind of Arijlolochia called
Contra 1 erva. The Seeds fteep’d in Wine afford a clammy, yel¬
low (ubftance which flicks clofe to them, and their infufion in
Wine is ufed in a morning in fickly times, to prevent Infection.
The Seeds infufed in Spirit of Wine, and diflill’d, afford a Spirit
very good to promote Sweating in Colds and Fevers. This Plant
is ufed for much the fame purpofes, both in the Continent of A-
merica and the Eajl-lndies. Dr. Smallwood an Englifh Phyfician,
who liv’d in Guatemala , (having been taken Prifoner by the Spa¬
niards) told me that the Spaniards made great ufe of this Herb in
all poifonous and Malignant Difeafes. The Indians about Guiana
had firfl difeovered its Vertue to the Spaniards} for the Dodlor be¬
ing purfued by them and wounded by one of their poifon’d Ar¬
rows, to find out his Cure, they took one of their Indian Prifoners,
and tying him to a Poft threatned to wound him with one of
their own venemous Arrows, if immediately he did not declare
their Cure for that Difeafe, upon which the Indian immediately
chaw’d fome of this Contra HerVa, and put it into the wound, and
it healed. The Inhabitants here ufe alfo with great fuccefs, Vo¬
mits of the infufion of Crocus Metallorum in Wine, in Fevers and
other Difeafes;

y • ■ ■ ,* t

The Trade of Jamaica is either with Europe or America . That of
Europe confifls in bringing thither Flower, Bisket, Beef, Pork, all
manner of Clothing for Maflers and Servants, as Ofnabrigs, blew
Cloth, Liquors of ail forts, Or. Madera Wine is alfo imported in
great quantities from the Ifland of that name, by Veflels lent from
England on purpofe, on all which the Merchant is fuppofed to
Gam generally 50 per cent . Profit. The Goods fent back again, or
Exported from the Ifland, are Sugars, moll part Mufcavados , Indico,
Cotton wool, Ginger, Piemento All-Spice or Jamaica- Pepper, Fuflick-
wood, Prince-wood, Lignum Vit<z9 Arnotto , Log-wood, and the
feveral Commodities they have from the Spaniards of the Wefi-hdies9
(with whom they have a private Trade,) as Sar/aparilla , Cacao-
Nuts, Cochined, &c. on which they get confiderable Profit. There
is about 20 per cent, in Exchange between Spani/h Money and Gold
in Jamaica , and Enghjh Money paid in England,

Theii

The Introduction.

Their Trade among rhe Spaniards privately in America manag’d
chiefly by Sloops, is with all thofe things mention’d to come from
Europe , efpecially Clothing, as Serges, Or. on which they have ei¬
ther in Truck or Money 55. per cent. Gain, one moiety whereof
goes to the Mailers and Owners of the Sloops, the other to the
Merchant Adventurer. There are alfo many Negros fold this way to
the Spaniards , who are either brought lately from Guinea , or bad
Servants, or Mutinous in Plantations. They are fold to very good
profit ; but if they have many Cicatrices , or Scars on them, the marks
of their fevere Corrections, they are not very faleable.

The Commodities the Englifh have in return, befides money, mod
ufually are Cacao , Sarfaparilla , Pearls, Emeralds, Cochineel, Hides,

The Trade of Jamaica with the Dutch at Corafol is chiefly for
Provisions which are wanted very much on that Ifland. The
] Stand oCCorafol is very fmall, and very little Provifion grows on it.
The chief advantage the Dutch have of it, is, that ’tis a place
whereto Goods are brought to Trade with the Spaniards privately
on the Continent of America , for which purpofe ’tis very advantage-
oufly feated.

The Turtlers who furnifh the Ifland with Turtle, may be reckoned
among the trading Sloops,

There is likewife a Trade with this Ifland from New* England, and
New York. It confifts ufually in an exchange of Rum, Moloflus,
Sugar, and Money, for Horfes, Beef, Pork, Flower or Rusk, ’tis
manag’d by Brigantines, or fmall Craft, who now and then touch
at the Bahama Iflands, and kill Seals, or Whales for the Train-Oil,
or Sperm a Ceti .

When the Trade of the Ajjiento for furnifhing the Spanifh Weft-
Indies with Negros was in this Ifland, it was not only very bene¬
ficial to the African Company and their Factors, but to the Go-
vernours of this Ifland, as well as the Captains of the Frigats who
convey’d them to Bom Belo, and on their delivery there had imme¬
diately paid them the Money agreed on by the Head.

The Religion of thofe of the Ifland, either Europeans, or defeended
from them Creolians , is as in England , and the lame proportion of
Diflenters are there as in England.

The Indians and Negros have no manner of Religion by what I
could obferve of them. ’Tis true they have feveral Ceremonies, as
Dances, Playing, Zsrc. but thefe for the mod part are fo far from be¬
ing ACts of Adoration of a God , that they are for the in off part
mixt with a great deal of Bawdry and Lewdnefl.

The Negros are ufually thought to be haters of their own Chil¬
dren, and therefore ’tis believ’d that they fell and difpofe of them to
Strangers for Money, but this is not true, for the Negros of Guinea

Ivii

being divided into feveral Captainfliips, as well as the Indians of
America, have Wars, and befides thofe (lain in Battles many Pri-
foners are taken, who are fold for Slaves, and brought hither. But
the Parents here, altho their Children are Slaves for ever, yet have
To great a love for them, that no Matter dare fell or giveaway one
of their little ones, unlefs they care not whether their Parents hang
themfelves or no. * °

Many of the Negros, being Slaves, and their Pofterity after them
in Guinea, they are more ealily treated by the English here, than by
their own Country-People, wherefore they would not often wih
lingly change Matters.

The Punifliments for Crimes of Slaves, are ufually for Rebellions
burning them, by nailing them down on the ground with crooked
Sticks on every Limb, and then applying the Fire by degrees from
the Feet and Hands, burning them gradually up to the Head, where¬
by their pains are extravagant. For Crimes of a letter nature Gelding,
or chopping off half of the Foot with an Ax. Thefe Punifhments
are fuffered by them with great Conftancy.

For running away they put Iron Rings of great weight on their
Ankles, or Pottocks about their Necks, which are Iron Rings with
tWo long Necks rivttted to them, ot a Spur in the Mouth.

For Negligence, they are ulually whipt by the Overfeers with
Lance- wood Switches, till they be bloody, and feveral of the
Switches broken, being firft tied up by their Hands in the Mill-
Houfes. Beating with Manati Straps is thought too cruel, and
therefore prohibited by the Cuftoms of the Country. The Cica¬
trices are vilible on their Skins for ever after 5 and a Slave, the
more he have of thole, is the lefs valu’d.

After they are \&hip’d till they are Raw, fome put on their Skins
Pepper and Salt to make them fmarc ; at other times their Matters will
drop melted Wax on their Skins, and ufe feveral very exquifite Tor¬
ments. Thefe Punifhments are fometimes merited by the Blacks,
who are a very perverfe Generation of People, and though they
appear harfh, yet are fcarce eqiial to fome of their Crimes, and infe¬
rior to what Punifhments other European Nations inflid on theif

Slaves in the Eaft-lndies, a$ may be feen by Moquet, and other Tra¬
vellers.

y n

The Horfes here are very fine, fmall, and for the mott part well

turn’d and fwift, though very weak ; they are of the Spanijh breeds
but very much degenerated, the Englifh taking no care of them,
but letting them breed in the Savannas, in the mean while deftroy-
ing their beft and ftrongeft Horfes in their Mills for grinding their
Canes. They are very fm'ooth Skin’d, and by that cafily di-

(S)

The Introduction .

ftinguifh’d from New England, or ocher Horfes, which have rough
Coais or Skins. A great many are wild in the Woods, who are
taken with Cords, and tam’d by Horfe-Catchers.

Ac the time of the firft caking of the Ifland by the Englijh , there
was great plenty o£ wild Cattle in all the Savannas, and they were
caught the moft part by cutting the great Tendons of their Legs
behind, whereby they were dilabled to run, and were for the moft
part deftroyed by the Soldiers who had little elfe to feed on. This
way of taking wild Black Cattle by hunting, cutting rheir Ten¬
dons or Lancing, is whatisufed by the Spaniards in their Iflands and
Continent, and by the Privateers or Bucaniers ; but in Jamaica there
remain very few wild Cattle to be taken, and thofe are in the North
fide of the Ifland, in the lefs frequented parts. The manner by
which the Spaniards and Englijh kill’d thefe Cattle, befides the
wild Dogs who ufed of themfelves to hunt and kill them, was
with a Lance or Halberd, on the end of which was an Iron
fliarpned, and made in the fhape of a Crefcent or Half moon.
Thefe wild Cattle are faid much to exceed the others in tafte.

When I was in Jamaica , the Town of fort-^oyal was fituated
on a fandy Point ; at the farther end whereof, towards Liguame
runs a narrow. Neck of fandy ground about three Miles long. This
Town had a very good and fecure Harbour, defended from all Winds
by the Land, and by a Reef running out a great way beyond the
Cayos. In this Harbour there was fo deep Water, that the gteateft
Ship might lie with her fide to the Keys. The Town or Point with
violent Sea-Breezes, had buffered fome fmall Inundations of the Sea,
and fome fmall diminution ; but by hindering People from taking
Stones from the Reefs, and barricadoing the Town againft it, no
fuch thing had happened lately. The Town or Point was fortified
very well with a Fort, and feveral Batteries both to the Sea and
Land 5 and on the fandy Neck were like wife planted prickly Pears to
hinder the march of any Enemy that way. The Winds have fome-
times by making feveral Currents in the Water, forc’d the Sand
into fome parts ot the Channel where Ships ufed to come in, where¬
fore ’tis now become ftraiter, and fome Ships have been put on
ground. The Town confided of about Fifteen hundred Houles,
which at firft were of Wood, but lately were of Brick for the moft
part. It was built here for a Conveniency for Seamen and Soldiers
on the Englijh Fleets being in this Harbour, when they took the
Ifland, and afterwards it came by degrees to what it lately was. It
was in its Infancy defign’d to have been removed to the Salt. Pans,
which is juft oppofite to it on the firm Land of the Ifland, that
fo there might be a readier Communication at any time between

The Introduction.

this Town 2nd the lfland, but l know not what hindered irs being

put in Execution. The greatefl want in this Town is frefli water,
their Wells affording only brackifh, therefore ’tis the bufinefs of fe-
veral Men to fend great Canoes in the morning with the Sea Breeze
to the River, and to bring thence many Casks of water to the Town
with the Land Breeze at night.

This Point, which was called Point Xagway, where Tort oyal
flood, was never built upon by the Spaniards while they remained
Poffeffors of the Uland, for two Reafons, as I was informed. The
firfl was the frequency of Earthquakes, which, when confiderable,
would certainly overturn it. This was found true in a few years
after l came from thence, for it was all dellroyed by the Earth¬
quake which happened in the year 1 692. whereof there is a large ac¬
count Communicated by me in the Tbilof optical TrenfaSlions , Number
209. p. 77. For the whole Neck of Land being Tandy (excepting
the Fort, which was built on a Rock and flood) on which the
Town was built, and the Sand kept up by Palifadoes and Wharfs,
tinder which was deep water, when the Sand tumbled upon the
fhakin? of the Earth, into the Sea, it covered the Anchors of Ships
ridincr by the Wharfs, and the Foundations yielding, the greatefl:
parc^f the Town fell, great numbers of people were loft, and
a good part of the Neck of Land where the Town flood was
three Fathoms covered with water. The fecond caufe of the
averfion of the Spaniards to this place, was its being liable to
be wa fil’d off by the violent Sea-BreeZes or Souths. Upon the
oreat Earthquake many are removed and fettled in Liguanee at
l<im(lon and fince a great Fire which happened there lately, more
are 'removed to the fame place, fo that very few remain at pre-

Pent at Tort Toyal. . . f r

It will not be amifs to give here a fmall defcriptton of lome

places and things, fuch as I took in Journies when m the
lfland.

T a (Tan- Fort is made up of feme few Houfes, Store houfes, and
others -,^it is the place from whence is fhip’d the Sugars, and
other Commodities of the lfland from Sixteen-Miles- Walk, and
other Plantations. It was a fmall Fortification in the time of
the Spaniards , whence its name, and I fuppofe was a defence so
St.] ago de la Vega, which was the chief Town poikfied by that

In the time the Spaniards pofleffed this lfland, they loaded their Ga-
kons here. Thcfe large VcfTels rode at Anchor under a Cayo or

Rock. Pigeon lfland* a fmall lfland, lies off of this Harbour.

A =»

lx

- v .. . . v _

The Introduction.

It belonged to Major Ballard, who told me that formerly there ufed
to refort great numbers of Pigeons and breed there j but the Inhabi¬
tants going thither and loading Boats with their young, they were
difturbed, and left the place. In the Plains or Savannas , about Old
Harbour , grows that fine Flower which I found in St. Cbriflopbers ,
and is hereafter deferibed, and called commonly in Jamaica White
Lillies.

Near Old Harbour is a place called the Canoes , which is the chief
place for Fifhing hereabout.

A little We ft ward of Old Harbour are Woods, and fome few
Hills, beyond which is a large Savanna or Plain, call’d Palmetto Sa¬
vanna, from the great number of Palm-Trees growing in it. From
Palmetto Savanna I went into the Seven Plantations, where at goinp
into the place I found a very bad fmell and Air, which is occafion’d,
as I was told, by the River call’d the Dry River. This River had'
at bottom great numbers of large round Stones, and was dry when
I faw it, as it is often, but it is full of running water at fome Seafons
and it then brings along with it Fifties of feveral forts. When the
River does not run thefe Fifties are left in holes in its bottom
where they are either taken by the Inhabitants, eat up by the Herns*
or other Fowl feeding on them, or dye and corrupt the Water and
Air. I was fenfible of this corrupted Air when I was here. This
dry River is fwallowed up into the Earth, and rifes again in fome
parts of it. It comes down from the Mountains when it Rains vio¬
lently on them, fo fuddenly and impetuoufly, that I was told it had
drowned a Boy, and fix Horfes he was watering, though no ftgns
of its fwelling appeared beforehand at the place where the accident
happen’d. This place is cooler than the Town of St. Jago de la
Vega, and Sir Francis Wat) on, who lived here, ufed to be more
troubled with the Ajlhma then when in Town. For this pur-
pofe he had made a Chimney in one of the Rooms of his
Houfe, which was the only one I ever faw in this Iftand, except
in Kitchens. *

Sir Francis Watfon had made here a Refining houfe for Sugars,
which ferv’d nnoft part of the Iftand with fine Sugar, and "that
candied, little Refin’d being Exported. They diftolve the M?/-
covado or courfe Sugar in water, which they call melting, then
they mix a ftrong Lixivium of quick Lime with it, and clarifie
this mixture in a Furnace with Whites of Eggs over a Fire, then
they ftrain it through a Blanket plac’d in a Basket over a Ciftern
whence it is carried into Brafs Coolers, and then is put into
Pots. The Surface of it is evened and leveled with a Trouel in
thefe Pots, and then ’tis cover’d with moift Clay, by which in fe-
ven Weeks, ’tis purg’d, knock’d our, and put into a Stove to be per-

The Introduction.

feftly cured. The Clay ufed for Sugar is ordinary pale Clay expos’d
to the Air, then mixt with Water to the confidence of a Syrup af-
cowards it is ftrained through a Co’ender, and powred on the Por'
where it (lands till it finks the Sugar in them pretty low, fometimes
half m half. No quick Lime is ufed in double Refined Sugar the fe-
cond time. The Moloftus dropt from once Refined Sugar is called
Baftard, it is boil d up again, and clay'd to make it white. Four Gal¬
lons of MolofTus yield three of Rum, but in England four, becaufe
of the Fermentation, which in Jamaica being brisker from the heat
of the Air, evaporates more of the Spirits. Three Loaves of once
refined Sugar, make two of double refined. The fmall quantity that
is fent into England is beaten to pieces in a wooden Trough. Clay¬
ing Sugar, as they report here, was firft found out in Brazil, a
Hen having her Feet dirty, going over a Pot of Sugar by acci¬
dent, it was found under her tread to be whiter than el fe where.
A Refin mg- Houfe is worth fix thoufand Pounds, of which there
are but two in the whole Ifiand, one at the Angels and this here.
The Stoves are beft arched. Pots for refining Sugar are made at
Liguanee , though more brittle and dearer than when brought from
England , but they are made here to fupply the prefent need of
the Planters ; the Clay of which they are made, is dug up near
the place.

1 have feen Sugar made at feveral Plantations; they make it by
bruifing the Canes between Iron Rollers, in a Mill drawn by Oxen*
the Figure whereof is to be feen in <P//o, and feveral Authors, The
juice is conveyed into the Boiling houfe, where in a Ciftern is mixt
about two handfuls of Lime, with One hundred and fifty Gallons
of juice, and then both are let into fix Coppers one after another,,
where it is boiled and fcumm’d. The Scum is conveyed to the Still-
Tioufe, only that of the fifth Copper is put into ajar, that it may
be again boiled, in the firft Copper, becaufe it is purer than the
reft, and fo will yield Sugar. In the fixth, with a little Oil or
Greafe, to lay its huffing and boiling over, it is boil'd up to Su¬
gar, and fo cool’d in Troughs, and cartied into Pots, where, by a
ftick run through it, a hole is made, whereby the MolofTus is drain¬
ed from it, and leaves the Sugar white. This MolofTus mix'd
with Water, as well as fcum or juice from bad Canes, is carried in¬
to the Diftilling- houfe ; where, after Fermentation, when it begins
to fubfide, they in the night time diftil it till thrown into the Fire it
burns not: this in the day time is Re-diftilled, and from Low- Wines
is call’d high Wines or Rum.

Every ieveral Soil requires a feveral Temper, as a Lye of Afhes
with Lime or Lime-water, <src. which is mixt in the fourth Cop-
per. For this reafon the Overfeer always gives notice to the Sugar*

( q ) boilers'

lxii

v l

The Introduction.

boilers when he begins a new piece of Ground, that they may be
ready to remedy any inconvenience from the variety of Soils.

One Acre of Canes yields fometimes four thoufand of Sugar,

commonly two thoufand.

Sugar-Canes grow well within a Foot of water, and near the

Sea they are large, though fometimes brackifli.

Good Sugar is known by thofe ufed to making it, by its fine

before it is made. .

I have feen fome try to boil Cane-juice to Sugar m an ordina-

rySkillet with and without Temper, but both, efpecially the hrlt,

was naught, being black and glewy, the reafon given me was

the flownefs of the fire. The Sugar-boilers always obfervmg to

make a very violent fire under their Coppers.

Hoes Greafe, or any Oil is put a drop, or the bignefs of a Pea
into the Tach, fixth, or laft Copper, to lay the boiling over of
it; and for no other end : it is immediately quiet upon its being

Mountains, and Hill-Canes make bad Sugar, being black : they
burn the Coppers, there not being moifture enough, therefore tis
the beftway to mix Mountain and Valley Canes ; one bunch of
the firft to two of the laft, which makes good Sugar, or the Plan-
ters mix water with the Cane-juice to hinder the Coppers from being
burnt or the Sugar made black. Likewife too much moifture
makes ill Sugar, for ’tis obferv’d that after Rains the Sugar is
brown , becaufe the water makes it be the longer on the Fire
before the fuperfluous moifture is boil’d off.

Out of Sugars are made great quantities of cool Drinks by Fer¬
mentation for I was informed that %ap, is what in Nines they call
cool Drink, viz- Moloffus and Water, and that Sugar- Drink is made
with Sugar-Canes bruifed in a Mortar, or Hand-Mill, and then
boil’d with water, and wrought in a Cask : it is clear like water.
Locuft-Ale is Cane-Juice clarified, mix’d with Rum. Moloffus
Drink is called Cawvaw. Upon drinking the Moloffus Drink of
Penils, or very bad Sugar, the Belly-ach came to ’Barbados. Berko,
before* dcleribed is the wholefomeft of all cool Drinks.

Out of the Trench Sorrel, in this and other places, which came
from Surinam, is made a fine cooling Conferve and Syrup. This
Sorrel is defcribed hereafter.

Formerly this place of the Ifland was famous, in the time the
Spaniards pofleffed it, for Tobacco. They now Plant fome of it
with their lndico, but they think their beft Seed is loft or degenerated,
being it is not fo good as formerly. What they Plant here is that
fort with long Leaves, and is only cultivated for the ufe of the
Ifland, and not for Exportation. They take off the tops and fide

—

The Introduction,

Ixiii

Buds of each Plane, that the Leaves may be the better, they ga¬
ther the Leaves when they are at their full growth, and in vi¬
gour, arid dry them by hanging them up in the (hade. The beft
Tobacco made by the Spaniards in their Plantations is pick’d Leaf
by Leaf, with great cave that none faulty may be found amongft
it. That from the Nuevo % cyno de Granada ( corruptly called Ve.ru
nas , or Tabac de Ferine ) is reckon’d the bed:.

Tobacco is likewife planted in other places of the I (land, and is
of feveral forts, from fevetal Seeds : that with the broad Leaves is
call’d Bulls Face. There are two forts from Oromque , and two
Spanijb kinds. It is fown in Beds j when the Leaves are about two
Inches long, the Plants are drawn, and planted at four Foot di-
fiance one way, and three and an half another, then they are kept
clean, and when grown about a Foot higo, and going to fhoot out
their Stalks or Tops, the top of the Stalk or Bud is {nipt oft. That
day (even night the Buds nfing ex alts johotuni on tiie fidss*, a^c
fmpt oft likewife, and (even days thence the other Under-buds. H
{lands fome time longer, and then the Stalks and Leaves are
cut oft, hang’d up in a Shed, and if wet weather come, a Fire
is made in it to hinder the Corruption of the Tobacco. Some
time after the Leaves are ftript off and preferv’d in great
heaps from the injuries of the Air till ns made fit for the Mar-
ken It has been made here worth twelve Pence a Pound in

The Head of the River Mino is far up from this place, and there
is a Lake where I have been told are to be feen great heaps of
Snakes roll’d together, who leap into the Water. Abundance Oi
Fifla comes from thence. There were a great variety of Water-
Melons here in the Spaniards time. Tne Cows eat them, anu
dunging, their Seeds, (at this Dry River, where they came to
water,) there grew, and were preferv’d, till perfect neglect loft all

Very crood Fullers Earth was taken out of a Stratum of the Earth,
in finking a Well here. I did not obferve any difference in the-
Layers ol' Earth taken out of this Well, from thofe in England, nei¬
ther could I find any Shells or Peaefaftions amongft the Scones,
Clav Sand, <?c. brought up. Bull was inform d, upon enquiry*
by Colonel Nedbam , an Eye-Witnefs, that in Barbados at Sir John
Colleton’s Plantation they dug for a Well, and at forty (even foot
had water buc in dry weather it went away: they dug to titty,
and had water a iecond time, which dryed away again j after a
third digging they came to fome Shells, and then into a River,
and taking up water they brought upFifh with it. After this nur
water never decay’d j tho’ there wer ecwelye Men perpetually draw*

ing

lxiv

The Introduction.

ing it, fix at a time for Cattle, <?c. it was in the Cliffs of Bar¬
bados .

It is pretty ftrange that fometimes at great depths in the Bowels
of the Earth, thefe Subftances that have belong’d to real Shell-
Fifii fhould be found. They are common in moffc Counties of
England. Mr. Middleton brought fome of them dug up in Bar¬
bados. I have by me many jferoites, (a fort of Coral,) taken ud
in the in-land parts of England , in as great plenty near the Sur¬
face of the Earth, as I have feen them in the neighbouring Sea
to Jamaica , their Native place. At Richmond in Surrey they find
in digging the Clay- Pits for making Tiles, many back-Boncs of
Sharks, and Shells ,• and I have in my poffeffion feveral of
the ordinary real Nautili that are now only brought to us from the
Eaft-lndies, that have been dug up there.

At Sixteen- Mile- Walk, or St. Timms in the Vale; the Fog,
which is every morning, except in rainy Seafons, lafts till about eight
or nine, and then is difpelfd by the Sun. This Fog is no:
counted unwholefome. The Road thither is by the Watcr-fide,
or along the Banks of the <%io Ccbre , where there is a Stone under
which one pafies, as under an Arch. There is a Hill, or rather a
Rock, on the left fide going up, which is at leafb two hundred
yards perpendicular heighth having Bufiies here and there on it,
down which a wild Boar being hunted precipitated himfelf’
and was at the bottom reduced to Mafh. The River is fometimes
filled with great Stones, which come rowling down from the
neighbouring Hills, and fometimes with Timber rotten and fain
into it. The Wood here is Tall, and the Woodbines on them very
long. The Rain at Sixteen Mile- Walk is fo furious as fometimes to
wafh out of the ground the Roots of all the Plants fet in it.

I was here told by Eye-Witneffes, that one Dr. Fofler , at
Sixteen- Mile-Walk, had tam’d a great Snake or Serpent, and kept
it about him within his Shirt ; it would wind it felf fall about
his Arm, and drink out of his Mouth, and leap at a Cali on the
Table, to eat Crums of Cajfada Bread. It was killed by one
Coffin, after fixteen months being tame : it was about the bianefs
of ones Wrift.

When the Potatos here, and at other Plantations in this Ifland are
full grown, they hough up the Roots, cleanfe them of their Fibres,
keep them for ufe, and give the Stalks and Leaves to their Ho^s
for Food.

The next Town, in bignefs to Tort-fyyal, on the Ifland, k
St. Jago dt la Fega> or Sr. James of the Plain, a Town improving

every

The Introduction.

every day, ’tis the place where the Governour ufually refides, and
where the Courts of Juftice and Records of the Ifland are kept.
It was very stearin the Spaniards time, and then co n i i ■ 1. > o . .1
thoufand Houles built all in good order, every Street running pa¬
rallel to or elfe piercing the others at right Angles, being, broad
and very long. It had four Churches and a Monafteiy. Tis fi-
tuated on the’ Banks of the <%io Cobre, and has Plains on each fide
of it for feveral Miles. Here the Afiembly and Supream Courts
refide which mull make this place in fome time very confiderabie.
There were here fome few Paliladoed Houfes defended with
Guns but now they ate ruin’d. When the llland was taken, the
Soldiers burnt many of the Houles, neglefted the reft, and made it
lb much below what it was formerly, that now they reckon its
draggling Houfes to be reduced to three hundred. Either this Pace
or Old Harbour, were called formerly Oriflan. Here lived former y
the Soanifl, Governor, who had about One thouland, or i wo
thouland Pieces of Eight Income, more or lels, according to his Pro¬
fits bv Trade. The Duke of Veragms, who was deicended bora
Columbus, and whofe Anceftors had been Proprietors of the llland
from the time of Fernand and 1/abella had lot Anchorage, and
other dues, about three or lour thouland Pieces of Eight yearly Re¬
venue from this Governor and llland, as the Spaniards inform d

Befides thefe places, there are feveral other, as Mcnwf, Wtthj-
Wood, &c. but neither are they ftrong, nor very conhderab.e.

I was rcfolved to go to the Notth-fide of the Ifland, and vific
the Mountains between it and the South fide, to .ee what t ey
brought forth. Wherefore I got lome Gentlemen of the Country ,
one who drew in Crayons, a very good Guide and a fure-footed
Horfe and fet out. Having palled Sixteen Miles-Walk before-
mentioned, where ate fome of the beft and fecureft Plantations of
the Ifland, 1 came to the Uagotty, a Urge or Pla ^ I

met here growing in great plenty, a fort of imall and low lenlible

„'o.8w«ifed 6,4 ,<*«. ;f>»»

or Whip over it, as a Pen on Paper, the forms o. the Lette
main’d legible for lome time after: this is defciibd nerea .
went on towards Mount Viable, at the bottom of which be g
benighted, I lay. The Horles of our Company W«,dw
iml and fed upon fuch Grafs as they could retch. ^ ^ J
and I went into a Hunters Hut, an ay on . . ^

Leaves all night. Out Sleep was very much in er upted by _
Croaking of a fort of Tree-Frogs defcr.bed hereafter the tog g
of Gtalhoppets, and nolle of night Animals. We got up ea. j

( t )

Ixvi

The Introduction.

the morning, crofs’d the Mountain, on which I law thofe wonder¬
ful Ferns defcribed hereafter, and obferv’d the Trees cover’d with
the Tbajeoli, called Cocoons, of which Snuff-Boxes are made. Going
over the Moneque Savanna I gather’d the fenfible Plant, and came to
St. Anns.

I obferved the Ruins of the Town called SeViHa, among which a
Church built by (Peter Martyr of Angleria, of a fort of Freeftone
(to be had near this City) and Bricks. A Pavement was found
two Miles from this Church, the City was fo large, it had a for¬
tified Caftle, the Walls of Pebbles and Brick, four Foot thick ; it
was and is a good Port. There was formerly here one great Su-
garwork at a pretty diftance, the Mill whereof went by Water,
which was brought fome Miles thither. The Axletreeof this is to
be feen intire at this day. This Town is now Captain Hemmingss
Plantation. The Church was not finifhed, it was twenty Paces
broad, and thirty Paces long: there were two rows of Pillars
within, over the place where the Altar was to be, were fome Car¬
vings under the ends of the Arches. It was built of a fort of Stone,
between Freeft one and Marble taken out of a Qparry about a Mile up
in the Hills 5 the Houles and Foundations ftand for feveral Miles along
and the ground towards the Country is rifing. Captain Hmmings
told me, he fometimes found Pavements under his Canes, three Foot
covered with Earth, and feveral times Wells, and fometimes Bu¬
rial-Stones finely Cut. There are the beginnings of a great
Houfe call’d a Monaftery, but I fuppofe the Houle was dtfign’d
for the Governour. There were two Coats of Arras lay by, not
fet up; a Ducal one, and that of a Count, I fuppole belonging ro
Columbus his Family, the Proprietors of the iflind. There had
been raifed a Tower, part Brick, and part Hewn Stone, as al-
fo feveral Battlements on it, and other lower Buildings not fi¬
nifhed. At the Church lie feveral arched Stones to compleac it,
which had never been put up, but lay among the Canes. The
rows of Pillars within were for the moft part plain. In the
time of the Spaniards it was thought the Europeans had been
cut off by the Indians, and fo the Church left unfinifhed. When
the Englijh took the Ifland, the ruins of this City were fo over¬
grown with Wood, that they were all turn’d black, nay5 I faw
a Mammee, or Baftard Mammee-Tree grow within the Walls
of the Tower, fo high as that it mull have been a very large
Gun could kill a Bird on the top of it, and the moll: part of the
Timber fell’d off this place, when it was planted, was fixty Foot
or more long. A great many Wells are on this ground. In
the Bay, under this, is a very fine Harbour, made by a Reef run.

ning

r

The Introduction.

ning out a great way, able to hold a great many very good Ships.
The Weft-Gate of the Church was very fine Work, and ftands ve¬
ry entire, it was (even Foot wide, and as high before the Arch
began. Over the Door in the middle was our Saviour's Head with
a Crown of Thorns between two Angels, on the right fide a fmall
round figure of fome Saint with a Knife ftruck into his Head, on
the left a Virgin Mary or Madonna , her Arm tied in three places,
Spanifb Falhion. Over the Gate, under a Coat of Arms, this In-
fcription,

PETRUS. MARTlR. AB. ANGLERIA* ITALUS. ClVfSt
MEDIOLANEN. PROTHON. APOS. HVIVS INSVLE. AB¬
BAS. SEN VTVS. INDICI. CONSILIAR1VS. LlGNEAM. PR1-
US. AiDEM. HANC. BIS. 1GNE. CONSVMFTAM. LATE-
RICIO. ET. qUADRATO. LAPIDE. PRIMVS. A. FUNDA-
MENTIS. EXTRUXIT.

The words are entire, except Mediolanenfis , which l have fupplied
becaufe this Peter Martir , a famous Man, wrote himfelf of Milan .
He was Author of the Vecads , Eptjlles , and fome other Books,which
gave him great Reputation in the World.

I went from St. Anns towards St. Georges , where I crofted the Ri¬
ver called Pio Nuevo. I faw the old Spani/b Fortifications, whither
the Spaniards retreated, and kept themlelves till they were carried to
Cuba , where they, for the molt part, fettled about a place called
Sc .Jago. Colonel (Ballard , who was prefenc at the taking of the
Ifland, allured me that the Spaniards (who Inhabited the Ifiand
to the number of Five thoufand, with as many Blacks) retired
to the North fide, where Seven hundred fortified themlelves ve¬
ry well, but were beat in their Forts by lo many Enghfh. The
Governour was an old decrepid Man, who was brought to them
in an Hamaca , his Name was Von Juan Pamir es de Arellano Caval-
lero del Habito de S.Jago. They held it out in this North-fide for
fome time.

The fame Perfon likewife told me that when the Spaniards were
retreated into their Fortifications, at the firft coming of the Enghjh
hither, the Spanijb Dogs went all wild, and that they were almoft
as big as Irifb Grey- Hounds. They ufed to hunt of themlelves the
Cattle which were in the Savannas and Woods. One day Colonel
Ballard allured me he faw a little reddilh one, calfda Bufc, howl,
and was anfwer d by the others in the Woods, who came from all
quarters to him, and then went orderly about to take their Supper.
The Soldiers ufed to follow the wild Cattle on Hotleback, arid

take them in the manner before related. The wild Dogs, who

- - — - - — j ‘ not

no: only devour’d and took at Bay the Cows but Affes, Colts, «rr.
did much mifchief in the night On the firft D.lcovery or the
WtH Indies Do^s were very much uled by the Spaniards to hunt
^ poor Mans’! who had elcap’d them over Rivers or into Woods ;
and their Voyages or Relations tell us there was a certain (hare
of Booty due to the Matter of the Dog, upon fuch Excurhons, I
think about half of what was given to a Man. . , .

Ants are faid to have killed the Spamjh Children by eating their
Eves when they were left in their Cradles in this part of the lihnd :
this is given as one Reafon why the Spaniards left this part of the

Country where they had fii ft fettled, and built the Towns of SeVtlU
and Media. Sir T homos Lynch, when Governour of Jamaica, lent to
the old Spani[h Inhabitants of it on Cuba, to know what Realon they
had to leave it, and go to the South-fide ; the anfwer they made
was that they left it becaufe their Children died there, that there were
abundance of Ants, that there was no good Port, and that it was
out of the Road for the Trade of Cartagena, and Santo Vomingo.
How troublefome Ants may be to Men and Women, much mote
to Children, may be feen in the Relations of Africa, particular^
by Com and Carli, who tell us that when the Ants fet upon a Houfe,
the Inhabitants are forc’d to run for it. 1 once went to vifit Mr. Ifcwe,
a fick Perfon at St. Jago <fe la Vega in Jamaica in a morning, and
found him more than ordinarily decompos'd, for that the Ants by
eating in the night fome of the joints of his Bedltead, his Bed ofc
a fudden had fallen to the ground ; but of this and their won¬
derful Addons, ! fhall haveoccalion to Difcourfe hereafter. In t,.e
Northern fide one tried to kill them with a Train of Gun- Powder,
but could not. If you thruft an Anrnah Thigh- Bone into one of
their Nefts, they will be all kill’d by the Wood-Ants for love of

C1 Ginger is planted in this North-fide of the Ifland in holes four

Inches deep made with Houghs in clear’d Ground, fix Inches afun-
der one Root from another. They put into each hole a fmall piece
of a Root and cover it with Earth, in twelve Months it covers the
Ground, lb that a Hough cannot be put where the Races or Roots
are not At twelve months end, when the Stalks and Leaves are
withered ’tis Hough’d up, clear’d of its Fibrils, Stalks and Strings,
bv'a Knife or the Hand, then waffl’d in fair water, put m a Basket
about a hundred Pound at a time, and boil’d in a Kettle for a quar¬
ter of an hour, then expos’d to she Sun and dried. Though Rain
comes, it hurts it not; this is the Black Ginger. Frefli Roots muft
be boil’d in freflr water.

\"-'V a'

The Introduction,

lx

The white fort of Ginger is made by only fcraping the frefii
Root clean of its outward Membrane, and expofing it in the Sun
till it be dry. This white Ginger is eafily fpoil’d by Worms.
Some lay that in the Windward Illands or Car ties 3 ’tis only dried

on a Tandy Bay.

There is a white fort prepar’d as the black, only it is boil’d
in Lime-water, which makes it as they lay, not fo wholefome.
This Root is very often injured by Worms as well as China Roots,
which are apt to breed a fmali light brown Scarab<emy like that

bred in Rhubarb. , . ...

Preferv’d wet Ginger, is made by drawing up the Ginger while
’cis young, about three months old. After cleanfing, ’tis ioakd in
water for a day, then boil’d in fair water fhifted fix or feven times,
it giving each water a very biting tall, then ’tis clear’d of its outward
Membrane, foak’d again in fair water, and put into a Syrup made
of fine Sugar. It draws the Sugar, fay they, and leaves the water
behind it to be thrown away, then ’tis put into frefh Syrup, and
fo feveral times, and not boil’d, up till the laft fhifting, after which
-tis kept for ufe. Dry prelerv’d Ginger is only this expos’d to the

Suns Beams till flry, . . , . . T

Guinea Corn, and great Indian Com, are ripe in three Months or

a little more, from their refpe&ive plantings, Patato s m lour, and

Yams in twelve months.

The way to make Cane Drink.

Take fix or feven long Sugar-Canes, cut them to pieces, beat
them in a Mortar, put them into a Kettle, with about three Gallon*
of water boil them for a pretty while, then put as many treUi
Canes and about a Gallon of water more ; Boil them again.
Whcn’tis cool (train your Drink, fee it in ajar, and put to it the
white of an Egg beat to froth, to which lome of the Liquor
is added. Let it work twelve hours, then Bottle it, it looks very

Lk eoituio and Plantain Drinks are feverally made by marningof ei-
ther’of thefe ripe Fruits with water, till it comes to be pretty well
S vS the* Fruits, then they let it (land in a Trough twelve

hours, and draw it off. » T • l£

: Thefe .Liquors are very much us d for ordinary Drink

mote Plantatipns, and North parts of this UUmL _

I was allured here, that in this part of the Ifland « a P

called Wague Water, Horfes ftlll remain wild >d (£) ft t

the Woods, and that whenfoever they are taken an ■ fJme

the Savannas, or are openly expofed to the Sun, chv, y- •

time.

( f )

In

lxx

The Introduction.

In the North-fide of this Ifland, in the month of January when
the Norths blow, they have great Rains, fo that the Roads are fcarcc
paUable at that time.

I returned from the North-fide to the South-fide, by a Road on
the ridge cf Hills called Archer s-^dge , and by the Banks of
Orange-Bj'Ver. Afterwards I came to d' Oro, which I faw fink
into the Earth, and rife up again out of it in two or three feveral
places. s

I went to Guanaboa , where are large Settlements and Plantations,
and obferved that trad: of Ground called the Red Hills between
Guanaboa and the Town. The duft of thefe Hills is red, apt to
fly, and flicks fad to Travellers, the Soil being claiy and barren.
Guanaboa , or as the Spaniards wrote it, Guainabo , is a fine Valley, ve¬
ry well planted, having rain almoft every day.

On thefe Red Hills, four Miles from Town, lived Mr. Barms a
Carpenter, who ufcd to cut and bring Wood to the Town. He
told me that prickly yellow Wood which grows in great plenty here,
and is defcrib’d hereafter, was good for nothing but to burn. He
likewife allured me that the day before I was there (which was Sept. p.
itf88. when at Town I obferved a North-Wind) at his Plantation
here, there happened a thing extraordinary, vi%. with the North
came Hail and fell about his Houfe, as big as Pullets Eggs, of
various fhapes, fome corner’d like cut Diamonds, fome fhap’d like
a Heart, zsre. he tried to keep them in Flower, but they foon
melted. This Hail beat down his high Cajfada to the Roots,
his other things were laid flat by it, it alfo beat down Orange- Trees.
He carried me half a Mile up his Plantation, fhew’d me the Woods
wherein rhe Spaniards had ufually planted their CaJJada for the Town,
after felling of the Woods. The Trees were grown, from the time the
Spaniards had quitted the Ifland, to the time I faw them , to be at
lead forty or fifty Foot high, long fmall, and flraight. They often
in thofe Woods meet with Palifadoes, Orange-Walks, Limes, and
other marks of formerly planted Ground. He once, ten years ago,
in the Mountains in a natural hole in a Rock, found a Coffin
partly corrupted, with a Body in it, he fuppos’d it to have been
lorn c Spaniard thrown in there in hall.

Half a Mile from his Plantation, ten years ago, he found a Cave
in which lay a human Body’s Bones all in order, the Body having
been eaten by the Ants. The Ants Nells we found there, the reft of
the Cave was fill’d with Pots or Urns, wherein were Bones of Men
and Children, the Pots were Oval, large, of a redifh dirty colour.
On the upper part of the Rim or Ledge there flood out an Ear, on
which were made fome Lines, the Ears were not over an Inch fquare,
towards the top ic had two parallel Lines went round, being

grofely

The Introduction.

grofly cut in the Edges near. The Negroes had remov'd mod of
thefe Pots to boil their Meat in. The Cave was about eight or
nine Foot Diameter, roundifli, and about five Foot high, it was on
a fufficiently high Precipice, of nine Foot deep Afcent before one
came at it. It was before opening curioufly fhut in on all fides with
thin, flat Stones. The Ants had eat one Carcafs to the Bones, and
had made holes in their ends, whereat they enter’d, I fuppofe, to eat
the Marrow.

At Guanohoa , in the time of the Spaniards , were great Chocolate or
Cacao- Nut- Walks j but after that Tree was blafted, molt of them
were ruin'd. The Trees wild in thefe ruin’d Plantations, are grown
in fo fhort time monftroufly, being fome of them feventy Foot of
good Timber. Surveyors know all the Trees by their Barks. Thole
that grow low and bufhy in the Commons, grow high and call in the
Woods.

At Guanahoa the great Rains are in May , and continue fo till
October from the Sea, then their Norths come in. I faw here in the
Gully, a Rock upwards of fixty Foot perpendicular hcighth, being
the fide of a Hill, which towards the Gully was deep, it was call’d
the end of the World. There is another Rock much more than
twice as high, towards fixteen-Mile-Walk, in the Road from the
Town near the hollow Rock.

Here, on the barren fides of fmall rocky Hills, I faw great va¬
riety of Gourds. They ferve the Ifland indead of Bottles, Pails,
Ladles, fmall hoop’d Veflels, Coopers, Turners, and Glafs-Wares.
They are of feveral Shapes and Sizes, from fmall ones, of which arc
made Snuff-Boxes, to fuch as will hold four or five Gallons. All
of them, except the fweet one, which is us’d for Preferves and
Sweet.Meats, are purgative. The Leaves in Clyders are given in
the Belly-ach. The Bottle, and other Gourds are clean’d either by
lying in the Field till dry, when by cutting off the Top, the Seeds
come out, or by putting in Water, which by moidning brings the
Pulp and Seeds out. If one drinks the Water that has dood in a green
Gourd, ’tis very purging, but ’tis not fo in one long us’d.

I faw them likewife here Preferve, or Pickle Green Indian- Bell-
Pepper. Before it turns red, this Capficum is cut and cleanfed from
its Seeds, then has a gentle Boil in Water, and fo is put into a Pickle
of Lime Juice, Salt and Water, and kept for ufe.

To make China- Drink. Take four or five handfuls of the Root
cut in pieces, boil it in fo many Gallons of Water, take it off the
Fire, let it cool, and put two Pounds of clarify ’d Sugar to it, let it
dand, and after twelve Hours bottle ic. It is of a red Colour, and
a very pleafant Drink,

The Introduction.

lxxii

In time of Sugar-making, two Quarts of clear Moloffes is thought
better than the Sugar.

Beyond Guanaboa in the Mountains, were feveral Cacao- Walks, or
Plantations in the time of the Spaniards , but now they are ruined,
only fome few Cacao- Trees (land here and there in the Woods, as
there is of Oranges, Or. the Wood about them is likewife here
grown fince the Spaniards left the Ifland, as high as any of the Ifland,
being feventy Foot high of Timber.

I went to Liguanee , and eroded from TajJ age- Fort, the Arm of the

Sea which comes in by Fort-tftyyal.

The greateft part of the Shore of this Ifland, and particularly of
this Bay, are full of a Tree call’d Mangrove , of which I (hall fpeak
hereafter. In the mean time, I think fit only to take notice that
Oifters grow or flick to thefe Trees, not upon them like Fruit, as is
vulgarly conceived, but only to fo much of the Root of the Mangrove-
Trec, as is under Water : the Tree-Oifters flick and fallen themlelves,
and afterwards feveral of them flick together, the lower down they
are the bigger ; fo that at low Water the beft is taken. They caufc
the Flux and Fevers when eat in excefs, and tafte fomewhat like
ours. When through any Accident thefe Oifters die, they corrupt,
flink, and infe£ the Air and Wind, and are noifom to the places
about them, on this account the Land-Winds are thought to bring
<Port-G(pyal no good Air.

Sloops may, if they know the Paffage or Canal, go to Faffage-
Fort from Fort-F(pyal , otherwife they cannot for the Shoals. Men of-
War Birds, fo call’d, appear in this Bay, they fly like Kites, look
black, are very large wing’d in proportion to the Body, they fight
with Sea-Gulls, ( which are to be found here, and are like ours,) for
their Prey.

Pelicans' fifh in this Bay, likewife in blowing Weather, when
they cannot fifh abroad, and in the calm Mornings they dive after
their Prey. Spaniff Mackarel are taken in this Bay in plenty. They
are like ours, only made like a Foneto. I here oblerved a fmall Shoal
of fmall Fifties to leap out of the Water, being purfued by greater
Fifties.

The whole Shoals between Fort-Fpyal and FaJ]age-Fort are cover’d
with Coral of feveral forts, and Alga angujlifolia Vitrariorum or Sea~
Grafs. There are alfo Star- Fifties of feveral forts, large and five-
pointed, as well as fmall, and feveral forts of the Echinus Marinus. Al-
lcgators are often drawn on Shoar in the Senne- Nets by the Fiftier-men,
whole Nets are generally broken by them. Thefe Allegators are fo
call’d from the word Alagarta , in Spaniff, fignifying a Lizard, of which
this is an amphibious fort. When 1 was in Jamaica , there was one

of

The Introduction.

of thefe ufed to do abundance of mifchief to the Peoples Cattle in
the Neighbourhood of this Bay, having his regular courfes to look
for Prey. One of the Inhabitants there, as I was told, tied a long
Cord to his Bedftead, and to the other end of the Cord fattened
a piece of Wood and a Dog, fo that the Allegator fwallowing
the Dog and piece of Wood, the latter came crofs his Throat, as it
was ddign’d, and after pulling the Bedftead to the Window, and
awaking the Perfon in Bed, he was caught. Allegators love Dogs
extreamly, but prey alfo on Cattle. This Allegator was nineteen feet
long.

There are alfo Sharks to be found in the Sea hereabouts. A Man
bathing in the Sea by Tort-tflpyal had part of the Fiefh of his Arm
and Breatt at one mouthful torn off by a Shark, of which he imme>
diately died. I was told that one jockey a Privateer ufed to go
and fight with them in the Water, and fo do fome Divers , killing
them with Bodkins run into their Bellies, while they turn themfeives
to Prey.

I faw in this Harbour and Bay a Ship come from Guinea , loaded
with Blacks to fell. The Ship was very natty with fo many People
on Board. I was affured that the Negroes feed on Pindals, or Indian
Earth-Nuts, a fort of Pea or Bean producing its Pods under ground.
Coming from Guinea hither, they are fed on thefe Nuts, or Indian -
Corn boil'd whole twice a day, at eight a Clock, and four in the
Afternoon, each having a Pint of Water allow’d him. The Ne -
groes from Angola and Gamha , are not troubled with Worms, but
thofe from the Gold Coaft very much.

I was inform’d here that Ewes bring forth twice in fifceen
months, without any regard to the time of the year ,* but Cows
bring forth their young according to the Seafons of Europe.

I law fome Guinea- Sheep, they were brought by a Ship from that
Country, being provided by the Commander to eat at Sea, but when
the Ship arrived they were prefented to a Planter in Liguanee . They
are like Goats in every relpeft, having for the moft part black and
white fhorc Hair, like that of a fix weeks or a month old Calf. They
ate much lels than Goats, multiply very faft, and are very lweec
Meat.

At fome Plantations bordering on this Bay many Whites die, as
believed by the ill Air, fome of them lying in bottoms, bordering
on Marfhes near the Sea. On the other hand, Plantations that are
feated high are very healthy, and the People are not fickly. Colonel
{Barry s Houfe all galleried round, was formerly, when the Spaniards
poffefs’d the Ifland, the only place in Liguanee inhabited. A very
rich Widow had here a Sugar-work, and abundance of Cattle in che
Savanna sy near forty thouland.

( t ) The

The Introduction,

The Spaniards thought that in Liguanee, was to be found good
Gold and Copper Oar, for when Sir Thomas Lynch fent to know of
the old Inhabitants of Jamaica at Cuba , where they had found Mines
in Jamaica, they anfwered in Liguanee , but that they never had
wrought than.

When I was at Liguanee , I was inform’d that there was a Planta¬
tion in the Mountains belonging to Captain Harri/on , where was a
Garden the beft furniflied of any in the Ifland with European Garden-
Plants; fuch as are either ufed for Phyfick, for the Kitchen, or for
Ornament. The high fituation of the place made it fitter for the
Production of thefe Vegetables, becaufe the higher the cooler, and
that generally there are more Rains and Showers on Mountains than
in the Valleys. Here follows a Lift of the European Plants I met
with in this Garden, and of thofe which I obferv’d to grow in other
parts of the Ifland. They all thrive almoft as well as in Europe,
fave Wheat, Oats, and Apples.

Jpium horten/e feu petrofelinum vulgo. C. 13. pin. p. *53. Com¬
mon Parfley.

Abfynthium Tonticum, feu L(omanum ojficinarum , feu Diojcoridis. C, B.
pin. 0.138. Common-Wormwoood.

Art emifia vulgaris major. C. B. pin. p. 137* Common -Mugwort.

Melijfa hortenjis, C. B. p. 229, Bawm.

LaVendula major five vulgaris. Park. p. 73. Lavender.

Thymus vulgaris folio tenuiore. C. B. pin. p. 219. Thyme.

Satureia hortenfis. Park. p. 4. Savory.

Ely If opus Jativus 'vulgaris. Lugd. p.933. Hyffop.

Eulegium latifolium. C. B. pin. p.222. Penny-Royal.

T an acetum 'vulgar e. Park. 462. Tanfie.

Carduus (Benedict us, Park, p.530. Carduus.

Horminum fclarea diBum. C. B. pin. p. 238. Clary.

Tdorago. Cam. hort. p. 29. Borrage.

!BugloJfum. Park, p.239. Buglofs,

* Timpinella fanguiforba minor hirfuta. C. B. pin. p. 160. Burnet.

Melo vulgaris. C* B. p. 3 1 o. Musk-Melons.

Afparagus fati'vus. Ger. Sparagus.

Cinara hortenfis folds non aculeatis. C. B. pin. p. 383. Artichokes.

( Vaftinaca fativa five carota lutea & alba . J. B. Tom, 3. lib. 27;
p. 60.

(paftinaca fativa five carota rubra. Ejufd. 1 6. Yellow, White, and
Red Carrots.

Nafiurtium hortenfe vulgatum. C. B. pin! p. 130. Ccmmon-
Garden-Creffes

\

Mentha

The Introduction.

Ixxv

Mentha prima five rubra . Park. par. p. 480. Garden-Mint.
Fragaria vulgaris. C. B. pin. p. 526. Strawberry.

Smilax hortenfs five phafeolus major. C B. pin. p. 339. Kidney-
Beans or French Beans.

(ftaphanus minor oblongus. C. B. p. 96. Garden-RadiHr.

- ^ ufiicanus . C. B. pin.' p. 96. Horie-Radifli.

! Brajfica vulgaris fatly a , Lob. obf. p. 122. Icon. p. 243. Cole-
worts.

Lafiuca fativa. C. B. pin.p. 122. Garden-Lettice.

Glycyrrhiza vulgaris. Dod. p.341. Liquorice,

Tfitta hortenfs major latifolia. Morif. hilt. p. 5 07. Rue.

Calendula fativa. Tab. tom. 2. p. 49. Marygold.

Cucumis Jativus yulgaris. C. B. pin. p. 310. Cucumbers.

(foja Brovincialis five Vamafcena. Ger. Province Roles.- The is

grow very well in 'Barbados.

Bpfmarinus. Riv. p. so. Rofemary.

Vitis Venifera. Lac. p. 502. The Vine.

Bomus five malum. C. B. pin. p. 43 2. The Apple-Tree.

Salvia major vulgaris. Park. p. 40. Sage.

Brajfica capitata alba. C. B. pin. p. 1 1 s . Cabbage.

Ficus communis. C. B. pin. p. 557. The Fig-Tree.

Acetofa pratenfis. C. B. pin. p. 1*4. Sorrel.

Marrubium nigrum fattidum ballote Biofcoridis. C. B. pin. p. 23,
Avena vulgaris five alba. C. B. pin. p. 2 3 . Oats.

<fiapa fativa rotunda. C. B. pin. p. 89, Round-Turnep.

— _ Oblonga . Ejufd. p. 90. Long-Turnep.

Bifum arven/e. C. B. p. 342. Field-Peafe.

Cepe vulgaris. C. B. pin. 71. Onion.

Sinapi Jativum . Ger. Muftard.

Triticum. Adv. p. y. Wheat*

Byibus ld<eus. Rasberries. This was the fame with that of Eu¬
rope, only more creeping.

Flowers.

Tanacetum Jfricanum majus flore pleno. C, B.

_ Minus flore fimplici. C. B.

Amar ambus fimplici panic ula. C. B. pin.p. 121. Amaranth.

_ _ _ Baniculaincurva holofericea. Ger.

Hyacinthus Indicus tuberofa radice . Clufrar.pl.hift.p.176* Tuberofes.

I went to Colonel Crew s Plantation, May , 19. they were fecting
after a days Rain, lome clay- colour’d and red Peafe. One or more
of the Negroes went with a How, and fcratch d up lome Earth, and
a little alter followed another Black, who put into the hole three
Peafe, and then with his Foot cover’d them with the mould fcratch d

Ixxvi

The Introduction.

oft by the former. One or two of the Peafe is fuppofed to be eaten
bv Vermin. They were planted at about two foot diftance, and
are ripe in two months, gathered when dry, and boiled as Peafe in
England. They are good nourifliment for Negroes. They are uncer¬
tain in Seafons, or Rains here, therefore plant no Cotton.

Indian Corn cannot be fet to grow but after Rain. It is heft
to be hung up in its Membranes to be hardened and kept from

Weevils.

There is a fort of White Cajfada not poyfonous, which boil'd as
Yams are, may be eat like them.

I was inform’d here that Snails Calcin d, and a water made or
them like Lime-water, it is a good Remedy in Bloody-Fluxes.

For the better undemanding of feveral matters in the Weft- Indies ,

I think it proper to fubjoin fome accounts I received from feveral
Credible Perfons who had lived, and made Voyages to feveral pans
in the Neighbourhood of Jamaica. Thefe follow without any other
order than that of the time they were told me, and enter’d in my
Journal which was generally when the Perfons came upon their firfl
arrival to wait on the Duke of Albemarle as Governour of the
Ifland.

One King Jeremy came fiom the Mofquitos (an Indian People near
the Provinces of Nicaragua , Honduras, and Cojla P{ica) he pretended
to be a King there, and came from the others of his Country, to
beg of the Duke of Albemarle , Governor of Jamaica , his Protection,
and that he would fend a Governour thither, with a power to War
on the Spaniards, and Pirats. This he alleged to be due to his Coun¬
try from the Crown of England , who had in the Reign of King
Charles I. fubmitted itfclf to him. The Duke of Albemarle did nothing
in this matter, being afraid it might be a trick of lome people to fee
up a Government for <Bu earners or Pirats. This King Jeremy, in
coming to Town, asking many queftions about the Ifland, and not
receiving as he thought, a fatisfaCtory account, he pull’d off his Euro¬
pean Cloaths his Friends had put on, and climb’d to the top of a
Tree, to take a view of the Country. The Memorial, and fub-
ftance of what he, and the people with him, reprefented to the Duke
of Albemarle was, That in the Reign of King Charles l. of ever
Bleffed Memory, the Earl of Warwick (by virtue of Letters of Re-
prizal granted by his faid Majefty for Damages received from the
Subjects of his Catholick Majefty) did poftefs himfelf of feveral
Ifland s in the Weft-Indies , particularly that of Providence, (fince called
by the Spaniards St. Catalina ,) which is fituate in « $ deg. 1 o m.
N° Lat. lying Eaft from Cape Gratias de Dios, (vulgarly known
by the name of the Muskitos) between Thirty and Forty Leagues j
which put the faid Earl upon trying all ways and means of future

Corre-

The Introduction. Ixxvii

Correfpondence with the Natives of the (aid Cape and neigbouring
Country, and in fome little time was fo fuccefsful as to gain that Poinr°
and farther prevail’d with them fo far, as to perfuade them to fend'
home the King’s Son, leaving one of his People as Hoftage for him
which was Colonel Morris , now living at New York. The Indian
Prince going home with the faid Earl, Raid in England three years, in
which time the Indian King died, and the faid Natives having in that
time had intercourfe of Friendship and Commerce with thofe of Pro¬
vidence, were foon made fenfible of the Grandeur of his Majefty of
Great 'Britain , and how necefTary his Protection was to them. Upon
the return of the faid Indian Prince, they perfuaded him to refign up
his Authority and Power over them, and (with them) unanimoufly
declare themfelves the Subjects of his laid Majefty of Great Britain,
in which Opinion they have ever fince pcrfifted, and do own no
other Supream Command over them. As to the Fertility of their
Soil, Tis a very great Level, free from any Mountains for feveral
Leagues from the Sea, the Soil black Mold mixt with Sand, where
otherwife, the Land is covered with Pine-Trees, of the nature of
New England Fir, well watered with great Rivers and Rivulets.
Their chief Commerce being managed in Canoes 5 for Harbours it
hath but two, and they both barr’d, and fo not capable of receiving
any Veflel that draws above Eleven or Twelve Foot Water, but
when within, able to receive Ships of the greateft Burthen, that may-
lay their Sides to the Shore, and Careen fafely. In thele Harbours are
Banks or rather Rocks of Oifters, from the bignefs of Horfe-
fhoes, to thofe of Colchifter , or lefs, As to the Nature of the In¬
habitants, they are Affable and Courteous, very Holpirable, and rea¬
dy to relieve all People in Diftrefs, but more elpecially endear’d to
thofe of the Englijh Nation. The Men generally (peak broken
Englifb , there is nothing more hateful to them than breach of Pro¬
mile, or telling an Untruth, their Words being inviolable. They
are always on their Guard for Fear of their neighbouring Enemies,
and for the molt part get their Living by Fiflaing. Their molt ufual
Arms are fix hand Lances flight ones, and one other very large and
ftrong,with which they nimbly avoid thofe that are darted from their
Enemy, the leffer ones they handle fo dextroufly, that they dart
fmail Fifhes, about the bignefs of a Salmon Trout, Thirty Yards,
and though their Country have great plenty of Deer, Pecary, and
Wild-Fowl j yet they get moft of their Provifions out of the Sea.
Their manner of living now is Patriarchal, their Families being nu¬
merous, they allowing plurality of Wives, of which only the old
Women and Children perform the Work of all the reft of the Fa¬
mily, but every individual Perfon pays great Duty and RefpeCt to

th c Paterfamilias, who is abfolute Judge in all Cafes, and from

( n ^ whom

Ixxviii T he JyitTodu $ i on .

whom there is no Appeal. All they produce from the Earth, of
provisions (which they fell to the Men of War, and other Veffels
trading on the Coaft ) is equally divided among the whole Fa¬
mily, "only the Chief and his Wife have each two Shares Were
Forne Perlons indurtrious to fettle among them, and encourage them
to plant, the richnefs of the Soil would eafily, and advantageoufly
produce any Commodity, efpecially Indico, but they will not permit
any ocher Nation to fettle among them but the Enghjh they have
fome propenficy to the Dutch , but the French they mortally hate for
their wanton behaviour towards their Wives. As to their Number,
no Cure account can be given, they being fettled at fuch great di¬
stance, and uncapable to give a true Eftimate of themfelves, being
wholly unlearned, only fome that have been at (providence , have
learned the Lords Prayer, the Creed and Ten Commandments,
which they repeat with great Devotion.

One Captain Gough , who had lived there, told me they had there¬
about much Cochineel-Tree planted both by the Indians and Spaniards ,
Sometimes in Fields of Fifty or Sixty Acres of Ground ; that they keep
thele OpuntU or Trees very clean, that the Infedts.may breed on them ;
that this Sort grows very high like prickly Pears, only has no Prickles
or very few : that the Infers come from another Tree, and that they
appear on the Surface of thefe Plants, in form of little Bladders, which
they Iweep down into an Iron Pan, which afterwards being fet on
the Fire, leaves fomething like a Spiders Web. Afterwards they put
this Cochineel into Cherts as cured ; if it be not enough dried, it
takes life and flies away. I (lull have occafion to fpeak more of this
hereafter.

He told me alfo Vanlglias grew here, and are cured by taking them
off the Vine (which runs very far) at a certain ripenefs, dipping them
into hot Water, and drying them in the fhade. If they be pulled
too young they break, and are brittle j if too old they open, which
they do of themfelves on the Trees. Another Perfon told me the
Vamgl'm were cured after the following manner, and I am the more
willing to publifh it, becaufe they are faid to grow in Jatnaica , and
that they cannot be fent from thence to Europe , becaufe of their Ig¬
norance of the way of curing them.

Another Way to Cure Vaniglias.

Gather them when full ripe, prepare a Liquor, or Brine of Water
and Salt, fo ftrong as to bear an Egg, then put to it a fourth part of
Chamber-ly, and a reafonable quantity of unflak’d Lime, and when
that is incorporated, boil all together about half an Hour, then
take it off, and put the Vantgliai into the Liquor, and let them re¬
main

The Introduction.

main there till they are throughly fcalded or parboil’d ; then cake
them out, and dry them in the fliade where no Sun may come at
them.

The fame Perfon (poke of a Gum or Balfam, called China *
Balfam, growing in the aforelaid Mofquitos Country, which is pro¬
cured by applying Fire to one fide of the Tree, and gafhing the
other, at which gafhes a black Balfam fweats out, very proper for
Wounds.

They make ufe of Plantain or Mufa- Leaves for Table Cloths,
and Napkins.

The Women live very much in awe and fubmiffion to their
Husbands in this Country.

Towards the Havana, in Cuba, there are abundance of Spouts
to be leen, more than in any other part of the Weft Indies. Jt is all
plain, level, and very fertile Ground chereabouts. I was told that
the Enghjh Prifoners taken, as Pirates or Traders, and kept by the
Spaniards , by their leveral Artifices, and Skill in Mechanics, get a
very good Subfiftence.

In the Lake of Maracaybo , Sir Henry Morgan told me, afar off
he once faw a thick Cloud, which when he came near, he found
to be Mofquitos or Gnats. The Country thereabout is fo marifh
and wet, as that the Inhabitants are forc’d to build their Houles on
the Trees, as Ants do in many places for the lame reason.

I perufed here at Jamaica , a [ournal of Sir William Phipps , which
cave an account of the fiiTfc finding of the great Plate- Wreck to the
North- Eaft of Hifpamola. After Sir William Phipps had been at Sa-
man a, on the North fide of Hifpaniola , he went with one Rogers,
Matter of a fmall Ship to Porto Plata, and there dilcharging three
Guns to get the Spaniards to Trade, they came down, and the Enghfl?
fold fmall Babies, and Searges for Hides, and jirked Hogs taken by
the Hunters there. In the mean time Rogers had been on the Wreck,
difcover’d it by means of a Sea- Feather, growing on the Planks of
the Ship lying under water, and brought from thence the news of
its beincr found. They went thither, found it grown over with
Coral, and Lapis Jjlroites, and took up Silver as the Weather and
their Divers held out, lome days more, and lome lels. 1 he fmall.
Ship went near, the great one rode afar off. At latt they got in Bullion
21196/ in Coin 30326. of which were Sows, and great Bars ; 56.
After they fail’d for Turks Ifiands for Salt, and going thither, after
leveral hours Failing, had almoft been a-ground and wreck d on the
Handkercher Shoal. They about the Wreck were fometirnes in ie-
ven Fathom Water, and immediately almott out of reach of the
bottom by founding. Tj .

lxxx

The Introduction.

This Wreck had been a Spanift? Galeon loft on thefe Shoals,
near the Abreojos or Handkercher Shoals, to the North Eaft of Hif-
paniola , about the year 1659. bound for Spain. The Inhabitants
of Hi/paniota , who ufed to Trade with Sir William Thipps, had ac¬
quainted him with it. He propofed the taking up of this Silver to
the Duke of Albemarle , who together with Sir fames Hayes , Mr. Nt-
chof/on , and others, fet out two Ships, a greater and a lefter, laden
with Goods to Trade with Hi/paniola , and the Spaniards in the
Weft Indies , in ca(e they failed of the Wreck. They found this Wreck,
as is above related, and wrought on it till the Ships Crew grew
fcarce of Provifions, when they had taken up about Twenty fix
Tuns of Silver. A Sloop from ’Bermudas came to their help ;
when they fail'd for England the Sloop return'd to Bermudas , and
there dilclofed the Matter, which foon went to the other Iftands.
From thefe parts, and Jamaica , Sloops and Vipers were fent, who
took up a vaft quantity more of Plate and Money, fo that before
a feccnd Fleet came from England , the greateft part of what Silver re¬
main'd unfifh'd was taken up. Not only the Englijh from the Plan¬
tations and England , but the Prince of Orange, afterwards King
William , from Holland , equip'd a Ship which was fent thither, but
they came too late. Thole who commanded the Butch Ship, and
Sir John Narborough , who was in the Englijh , return'd without any
confiderable Cargoes of Silver. It happened fo not only to the firft
Patentees, but to many other People, who by the example of this
Project (where the Duke of Albemarle received Fifty thouland Pound
for Eight hundred, and others in proportion) hoping lor the fame
Succels, took out Parents for Wrecks lying at the bottom of the Seas
in all places, efpecially in the Weft Indies, where any Traftick is ufed,
not confidering that though there have been loft divers Ships laden
with Money, on many Shoals of the We ft- Indies, fuch as the Serra-
nillas between Jamaica and the Continent, the Bahama Shoals, <&tt.
yet in moft parts there is fuch a Vegetation of Coralline matter ouc
of the Sea- water, as that the bottom of the Sea is incruftated with it,
and the Wrecks hid by them. The Pieces of Eight in the Silver-
Wreck above mention'd, that was loft in 1659. were covered with
this Matter about a quarter ol an Inch thick, and I have a piece of
the Timber of the Ship, with an Iron Boltin it, grown over with
the Cor allium afperum candicans adulterinum J. B. and lome of the Pieces
of Eight incruftated, others almoft covered with Aftroites . Thole
underneath were corroded with the Sea water, lo chat many of them
ftuck together. Thcle things I have caufed, acleaftfome of them,
to be graved. It is not only from this, but alfo Sand driving by the
Wrnds and Currents, or Earthquakes that happen at the bottom of the
Sea, that Wrecks may be cover'd, and paft finding out. I remember

an

The Introduction.

lxxxi

an African Ship, laden with Elephants Teeth, wreck’d on theCoaft
of Sujfex , which Mr. Halley told me was in a very fhort time almoft
covered with Sand and Oafe, fo that the Project of recovering the
Teeth, was fruftrated, though by the help of a Diving-Bell, con¬
triv’d by his extraordinary Skill, they had gone to the bottom of
the Sea, and into the Ship, where they had a perfect view of the
Ship, and all about it. Though the Money brought^ into England
from the firft Wreck was very confiderable, yet much more was
loft on Projects of the fame nature. For every filly Story of a rich
Ship loft, was credited, a Patent taken out, Divers , who are us’d
to Pearl- fifhing, &c. and can flay under Water fome Minutes,
bought or hir’d at great Rates, and a Ship fet out for bring¬
ing home Silver. There was one Ship loft amongft the reft, faid
to be very rich, near Bermudas , which was divided into Shares and
fold. It was faid to be in the Poffeffion of the Devil, and they told
Stories how he kept it. I do not find the People, who fpent their
Money, on this, or any of thefe Projefts, excepting the firft, got
any thing by them.

'j

Colonel Nedbam , who had liv’d fome time in Teneriff, told me, that
in the Year 1649. Locufts deftroy’d all the Produft of that lfiand ;
they faw them come off from theCoaft of Barbary y the Wind being
a Levant from thence ; they flew fo far as they could, then one lighted
in the Sea, and another on it, fo that one after another they made a
heap as big as the greateft Ship above Water, and were efteemed al-
moft as many under. Thole above Water, next Day, after the
Sun’s refrefhing them, took flight again, and came in Clouds to the
lfiand, from whence they had perceiv’d them in the Air, and
had by their Military Officers gathered all the Soldiers of the lfiand
and La Laguna together, being feven or eight thoufand Men who
layina afide their Arms, fome took Bags, fome Spades, and having
notice by their Scouts from the Hills, where they alighted, they wenc
ftrait thither, made Trenches, and brought their Bags full, and co¬
ver’d them with Mould. This did not do, for fome of the Locints

Leaves, and even the Bark of the Vines where they alighted. After
rtxrrt Mnnrhs fruitlefs management of them fo, the Ecclefialticks

1

The Introduction.

lxxxii

Cattle eat them and died, and fb did feveral Men, and others ftruck
out in Botches. The other Canary Iflands were fo troubled al^o,
they were forced to bury their Provifions for fear of being oblig’d to
relieve their common Neceflity with what was to produce for their
own Families. They were troubled forty Years before with the like
Plague.

A very credible Perfon, on the Agreement of the Affiento or Spanifl?
Wefl-lndia Company, with the Merchants call’d Grillo’s of Genoa ,
and of them with the Royal African Company, went to Cartagena ,
in a Spanifl ? Ship, with Five hundred Negroes ,' he was fent from
thence to Porto-Bello , where they could not get Liberty to go on
Shoar, but received their Money and good Entertainments in their
Ship. They return’d to Cartagena, where buying Spanifl? Habits,
they went about the Town. It is, as he told me, twice as big as
Port-poyal, ftands almoft encompafs’d by the Sea, is wall’d with
Stone, and has feveral Forts or Caftles in it. Its Houles are built
of Stone or Brick two Stories high, with Balconies and Roofs
jetting over them. Things here are twice as cheap as at Porto-
•Bello, becaufe of the vent of Commodities from this laft place to
Panama .

When the Engliff?, under the Command of Sir Henry Morgan ,
came from Porto Bello , and Panama , (which places they had taken)
after certain contagious Fevers, they, for the moft part, fell into the
Yellow-Jaundice, grew worfe and died of it, alter languifhing a
great while in the greateft Degree of it, which is commonly call’d
the Black-Jaundice. They look’d with the Jaundice like Indians ,
and were, when remediable, chiefly cured by the Infufion of Goofe-
Dung.

A Sea-man related that he wafhing his bluejacket on the Fore-
caftle, coming hither, the Ship having frefh way he loft it, but two
Days after, having been becalm’d, they took a Shark, and found
in his Belly the blue Jacket, not other wife alter’d than by the holes
of his Teeth in chawing.

Several Perfons who ufed the Logwood Trade, or who were im-
ploy’d in cutting that Wood, otherwile call’d Campeche- Wood, ufed
by Dyers, inform’d me, that at about fifteen Leagues from the Town
of Campeche , are two Creeks, the Eaftern and Northern, in which
laft they cut Logwood. This is call’d the Logwood- River, the
Inhabitants live in Huts on each fide of this narrow Creek, near
Two hundred Englifh , and are ready on the appearance of any Ene¬
my to hinder their landing by firing on them on each fide, every

The Introduction.

Ixxxiii

one having his Firelock and ocher Arms ready. Ic is a knotted
crooked Wood, growing in Marfhes, three or four together up the
two Creeks, or Lagunas , about eight Leagues from where the (hip¬
ping Rides ; ic is very hard, and bears a (mall Leaf like a Heart.
They Saw it down, then cut pieces of it of about four or five
Foot long, then cleave it. It is of a dark or purple, near a black
colour. The Englijh, who have lived theie many years, Cut and
Sell it to the Sloops for about Three Found per Tun, for which
the Sloops bring them Cloathing, Victuals, Rum, Sugar, <src. The
Sloops carry this Wood, and fell it at Port-Poyal for about Six
Pound per Tun ; the half of the Profit going to the Mafter of the
Sloop. When any of the Englijf? at Campeche refolve to come away,
they having got Logwood, it may be Thirty or Forty Tun, they
embark it and themfelves in a Sloop for Jamaica , where the half
Profits go to themfelves, and the half to the Mafter, otherwife they
fend it, and paying the Fraighc, vi%. the half Profits, their Money
is return’d them. The Indians of this place us’d formerly to Trade
with them, but the Englijh not keeping ther Faith, but taking and
jelling them, they arc retired up into the Country feveral Leagues.
There are on an Ifland near this, wild Cows and Bulls in abun¬
dance ; there are alfo wild Deer near this River. The Spaniards
who are offended at this fettlement equipp’d fome Periaguas and
Hulks againft them ; but before they were ready they were burnt
by the Englifi, fince they only lie out at Sea off this place cruifing
on their Sloops and Merchant Men. The Englijh have a place
ftronger than their Huts for their Provifion, and when a Strength
much greater than theirs comes againft them , they retire to the
Woods. They have been cut off feveral times by the Spaniards
in this place, and yet have fettled here again. This ufage of the
Spaniards is fome what harfli, if what Sir Henry Morgan has often
told me be true, that this Logwood River was in the Pofteffion of
the Englijh at the time of the Treaties being fign’d at Madrid con¬
cerning the Weft-Indies , The Ships lie Eight Leagues from the
cutting place, and the Wood is carried to them by Long-Boats and
Sloops.

1 was told that the Pearl-Fifihing of the Spaniards at Margarita
was fail’d, but that there was a fifhing at P^o de la Hacha not far
of. The Indians Dive and bring up the Pearl-Oifters, they dare not
take any Rake or Iron to Drudge them up, for fear of deftroying
the young breed, under pain of High Tieafon j the biggeft lies in
deepeft water, they Dive on the Banks in Nine Fathom water. The
Indians String the firm part of the Oifters on Lines, and dry them
againft a Wall, and when they are dry and tranlparent, they are
^ ~ " eaten

Ixxxiv

The Introduction*

eaten by the Spaniards. The Pearls are fold by the Indians to the
Spaniards by the Shell full They are dark more or Ids, and are
not of fo clear a colour as the Oriental Pearls are. When the In*
dians find very large Pearls, they keep and hide them till they find
abetter Merchant, which are often others than the Spaniards. This
Pearl fifhery was farmed of the Spaniards by Englijh Merchants of
Jamaica when I was there.

New- England Horfes are frequently brought to Jamaica , they are
bought for Five Pound apiece in New- England, and kept by the
way on Bran, they ufually are fold in Jamaica at Fifteen Pounds,
they are rougher than the Horfes in the I (land ufually Pace, and
lofe their Hair at firft coming.

The Inhabitants of New- England Pickle Pork and Beer either dry
or wet, the firft is done in bad Cask, the other in good Cask, and
is much the better, the firft proving ordinarily rufty.

Fifli preferv’d and cur’d, both dry and wet, come from thvence.

One half Barrel of Irijh Pork is worth about Twenty two Shil¬
lings, and a Barrel of Beef as much, which is in Provifion, to be
distributed for the fupport of Servants and Slaves, reckoned equiva¬
lent to it. . c , .

Salt wet Mackerel comes from New- England, and is much uted m

this Ifland for the fupport of Slaves and Servants.

The true way of fatting Cattle, as I was inform'd by the Grafiers
of Jamaica, is by bleeding them in the Jugular Vein (which will
flop of its felf ) and then purging them with Aloe or Semperyivt
Leaves clear’d of their outward Skins, and thruft down by Gobbets
till a whole Leaf is fwallowed.

The fame has been effe&ual in a Man, in reftoring the tone of
his Stomach loft by drinking It purges Cattle and Men of Worms,

and may make them fat that way.

The lefs Nourifliment the Grafs affords, the greater the Paunch
of the Beaft feeding on it, fo that the Bellies of Cattle are fo large
in dry times in hot Countries, as if they were big with young.

On Hifpaniola, at Samam are many French Hunters. -They go
out Twelve in a Company, for fear of the Spaniards. The Hogs
they take have fometimes Stones in their Bladders ; one of thefe Stones
I had brought me thence was long, of divers Tumcles, the outward
white, thofc within it reddilh, and fmeiling very ftrong of Urine.
I had two others bigger than any Peale, round, and let about with
protuberant Prickles they were taken out of the Urethra of Hogs:
They were fhining and Cryftalline, and exa&ly refembled thofc
taken out of Human Bodies. - At

Ixxxv

The Introduction.

At Samana the French fetied feveral Families, who were cut of! by
the Spaniards , of a Town called I/abella , of three or four hundred
Inhabitants. They have Horfes and Mules in the Savannas about it.
The Englijh at Jamaica buy moft of their Mules from the Spaniards .
It is not far from Porto -Plata where the Spaniards are alfo fettled.

The Manati Stones are brought from thence, and taken from be¬
hind the Ears of that Animal, each Ear having one.

One Doftor Frit ^ a German Chirurgeon and Chymifi, who had
been in the South-Seas with Captain Townley , told me he had feen of
the Cafcarilla-TrezSy or thofe on which grows the Bern or Jefuits Bark :
that they grow near the Sea fide and are very large Trees; that they
cut a piece of the Bark round the Trunk of the Tree near the ground ;
chat a while afcer the Bark withers on the whole Tree, and falls off;
that they had taken a Ship named the Cafcarilla , and had thrown mofi
of that Bark, her loading, into the Sea, to make room for Provisions.
That the Leaves generally found in the Bags of the Bark, was of
that Tree, and Plenty of the Trees is to be met with in the South-
Sea.

A Briflol Ship, coming towards Jamaica , ftruck on a Rock two
Miles from without the Town of Bort^yal, but this Ship when
lighted of the Goods was got off again. This is very ordinary, for
the Rocks and Shoals being here-about covered with Coral and Co¬
ralline Subfiances, the Ships coming upon them, are not often pierc'd
nor bulg’d, but bruife thefe Coralline Subftances to Sand, and very
often get off again without much damage.

Captain Groves told me he had left a while ago on the Blind of
Tobago, feventy Curlanders in a Fort on that Ifland, that their Food
was European Bread, which they had provided for feveral Months,
wild Hogs, Hogs with their Navels on their Backs, Jrmadillos an
excellent Food, and Racoons, with very great plenty of Fifh. Their
Trade was as yet chiefly cutting of very large Maffick, Cedar and o-
ther Trees for Timber, to be lent to the ifland of Barbados , with
which by Licence from the King, they might Trade. This Ifland
is, I think, held by the Curlanders of the Crown of England.

They have there a fort of Pleafant, very good Meat.

He told me that having been often in the Mediterranean , at certain
Seafons fome fort of wild Pigeons were fo plentiful on the file
of Zante , as the Inhabitants fold them for half pence apiece, that
they came from Egypt , and that on the Ifland Caprea, near Naples
Quails are fold at a certain Seafon at the fame rate. Pigeons are at
Jamaica very plentiful at fome Seafons. Ground-Doves are lcfld for a
Bitt. or Bgal a Dozen. They are taken with Clavdnnes , and wild

(y) ' c‘s0ada

Ixxxvi

The Introduction .

Cajfada Seeds for Bait. The Cane- Rats are numerous, of a gray co¬
lour, cheap, large, and very good Victuals.

I was inform’d that Sarfaparilla is very frequent and cheap up Pjo
San Pedro , in the Bay of Honduras , where are feveral Indian Towns.
There is brought into Jamaica great Quantities of Sarfaparilla , by
Trade with the Bay of Honduras , New Spain and Peru. It grows in
all thefe places on the Banks of the Rivers, and in tnoift Grounds :
The Spaniards think it makes the Water of thofe Rivers, where it
grows wholefome. It is a lort of Smilax afpera , and comes very near
to that common in Spain, France and Italy , though it differ from it.
It is alfo very near akin to China , the Strings or Sarments of the Roots
of Sarfaparilla , taking their Original from a knobby Tuberous Root,
like that of China , and going very deep into the Ground. It is mo¬
derately warm, uled to promote an eafie Sweat, and open Gbftm-
6tions. There is an Account and Figure of it publifhed in a Book
printed at Mexico in the year 1 570. in written by Francifcus Brayus ,
a Phyfician, who lived there, whither I refer the Curious.

I went from Port-Ttyyal in a Boat to Houfe Jfey and Gun-Jfey, or
Cayo, fo called from theTryalof Guns from the Fort,- they (hoot¬
ing thence at a Cask fet up here. They were defended by Coral and
Aftroites Rocks to the South, and were very fmall Iflands, with fome
few Bufhes on them. Such places are called by the Spaniards Caps,
whence by corruption comes the Englifh word Keys, ufed to fignsfie
fuch places in thofe parts.

A Matter of a Veffel from Barbados , bound to feek a new Wreck,
came into Jamaica , and told me he had been in OrfMttand near Porto
G$ico, fo called by our Seamen, from the great number of Land-
Crabs on it : in the Charts ’tis named Borrmquem. A little before his
being there, two Ships appear’d before the Ifland with Englifh Colours,
but coming nearer put out Spanif? Colours, and fent five Englijhmen
on Shore with a Flag of Truce, who enticed the Commander in Chief
on board the Ship. When there they forc’d him to write on Shore foe
the Inhabitants he had left, to tell them of his civil Treatment, who
all went on board likewife, and were carried to Santo Domingo Prifo-
ners ; they were reported to be one hundred and fifty in all, Men,
Women, and fome few Negros . They burnt all the Houfes, which
were of Timber. A Negro lying in the Woods, made his efcape to
the North fide of that Ifland, and embarq’d in a Sloop which lay there
for the Windward Iflands, where he gave this Relation ; the like efcape
had five other white Men in a Sloop, that lay in another place, where
they were cutting Timber to carry to the Windward Iflands.

The Inhabitants had been there feveral years, and had come from
the Leeward Iflands, chiefly Anguilla, to fettle Borriquem. Anguilla is

The Introduction. lxxxvii

rocky and barren and this fruitful and rich in Soil, and eafiiy to ’
be clear d, and of a very rich Mould, well water’d with Rivers
and Springs to be had for digging a few Feet deep. They had
planted Cajjada , Tams , (P atatas , Indian- Corn, and other Provifions
with fomc few Sugar Canes. Since this the Engli/h have again poffef-
fed this Ifland, and I am told have now Captain Sharp, formerly an
Enghfh Commander in the South Seas, for their Commander. The Go¬
vernor of Anguilla had beat fame Spaniards off with the lofs offome
of their Men, with the help of only fifty Soldiers, and had defir’d
leave of the Governour of the Windward Iflands to fettle it again.

The Spaniards in this Attempt were thought to have had Bear a Pirat
with them, and to be fent out by the Governour of Santo Domingo.

The Spaniards are very barbarous to all Nations in thefe parts where
they are fuperior. They think they have the only right to the IVe/l-
Indies, and it was a long time ere they would hear of any Treaty
with European Nations. This was the firft rile of the Privateers, Bu-
caniers or Freebooters, who confided of all Nations except Spaniards ,
from whom they often took great Riches, and as eafily parted with
them to the people of their own Nations.

A Mafter of a Sloop from Anguilla , related to me that this Bear a
notorious Engli/h Pirat, under a Spanifh Commi/fion, had made a
defcent on that ifland, and barbaroufly handled threefcore Families
of Engli/h which lived : in it fuch treatment is very ordinary in thefe
parts of the world where the Inhabitants are not able to defend them-
fel ves, and fmall Iflands -often on this account change Mafters, This
Ifland is reckoned amongft the Caribe or Leeward iflands, and is under
the Government of their Captain General or Governor.

Some Turtlers being at the South Cayos off of Cuba, had been robb’d
by a Beriagua , fent by the Governor of Havana ; they were ftripr,
and the Spaniards talk’d of putting them all into one Sloop, and
burning them in it. The Turtle- fifhery there, and at the Caymams
were thought by Sir Henry Morgan to be ours by right, feeing it could
be prov’d by feveral at Jamaica , that thofe were in the Poffeflion of
the Engli/h at the time when the Treaty between Spain and England
concerning the Weft-Indies was ended at Madrid . The fame is to be
laid of the Turtle fifhing at the Ifland Fades, off of Hfpaniola , pre¬
tended to by the French of the Ifland Tortagas. This [(land Tortugas
or Tortue, lies a little offthe North- Weft fide of Htfpaniola. It was
planted by the French fome years ago, and from that fmall Ifland
they have fpread themfelves over a great part of the Norch-fide of
that large Ifland, where they have a Governor ftiled GouMzrneur des
Cotes de St. Domingue . They have pretended lately to a right to the
Ifle des Fades or Afh .

There

lxxxviii

The Introduction.

There is a fort of Loggerhead Turtle or Tortoife at Jamaica, very
little differing from the common fort, only in every part leis, and
having the Breft of a yellowifh white colour.

The Turtle or Tortoifes come to Caymanes two fmall Kies Welt
of Jamaica, once a year to lay their Eggs in the Sand, to be hatch’d
by the Sun, and at that time the Turtlers take them in great num¬
bers. At other times they go to the South Cayos off of Cuba ;
there to feed on the Sea Grals growing under water: wherefore the
Turtlers go thither in queft of them, and it may be four Men in a
Sloop may bring in thirty, forty, or fifty Turtles, worth feventeen
or eighteen Shillings apiece, more or Ids, according to their good-
nefs. The Female with Egg is reckoned the beft. They fomecimes
get their Loading in a day, but are ufually fix weeks in making
their Voyages. The Turtlers feed on Turtle, Bisket-Bread and Salt.
They catch the Turtle with Nets made of Yam larger chan Whip¬
cord. When they come home to BorC^oyal they put them into the
Sea, in Fourfquare-Palifadoed places, where they keep them alive
cill there be occafion to kill them, which will be very long fome-
times, though the fooner they are killed after taking, they are the
fatter’ The Callepee, or under part of the Breft or Belly, bak’d,
is reckon’d the beft piece, the Liver and Fat are counted Delicacies,
Thofe who feed much on them fweat out a yellow Serum , efpecially
under their Armpits. Their Fat is yellow, tafts like Marrow, and
gives the Skin a yellow Hue or Tin&ure.

Saltertudos , is corruptly called fo, ic being, properly fpeaking,
the Ifland Tortuga , near Margarita : ’tis uninhabited, but has feveral
Salt-Ponds, filled with Salt, reputed very good, it being large grain¬
ed. ’Tis always to be found there in great quantities, except about
July , when the Rains moiften and diffolve it. The New England
Veflels carry Lumber and Fifh to Barbados, and from thence go for
this Ifland, and ftretch it thence again ftreight home. They carry
with them Wheelbarrows, and Bags to load this Salt. It is reckon’d
much better than the Salt Jamaica commonly fold here, and looks
reddifh. The Govcrnour of Barbados takes Salt Tertudos to be un¬
der his Dominion,

The Bahama Iflands are fill’d with Seals, fomecimes Fifhers will
catch one hundred in a night. They try or melt them, and bring off
their Oil for Lamps to thefe Iflands.

There are Iflands lying North off of Hifyaniola, where are many
Salt-Ponds 5 but becaufe of the Neighbourhood of the French and
Spaniards , they are accounted more dangerous than the other. They
are called the Turks Ifland,

i

A

The Introduction.

Ixxxix

A Ship c^gie into Jamaica from Carolina with Beef and Pork.
A curious Perfon on board related to me, that that Country abounds
in every thing for Food. That they chiefly plant Indian -Corn. That
he had travelled from <Palat%p or the Apalatbean Mountains, to St. An-
gujlin in the Spanijb Dominions, and that the whole Country was
level, moft Tandy and barren, except about five Miles extent near
the Rivers, where it was planted with Indian-Com, and lbme Wheat
for the Priefts. That the Fort of St. Auguftin had T wenty four
duns in it, and that the Indians paid yearly to the Spaniards a
piece of Eight a Head Tribute- Money. That in Carolina Pines
and Walnuts were the commonefl: Trees, with fome Oaks bearing
Acorns, on which the Swine feed, as well as on fome other wild
Fruits abroad, and on Indian Corn within. He (aid. Fevers and
Agues were there common and mortal. That he had come through
the <Babama-\ftm<ds^ and ftretch’d it between Cuba and Hijpamola,
and fo came to Tort-Ttpyal. The Duke of Albemarle once fhewd
me a very rich piece ot Silver Oar which his Father had fenc him
from the Apalatbean Mountains on the Confines of Carolina.

One from Tortuga and Tetit-Guavet, told me that at this lafl:
place the French have about Thirty Inhabitants keeping always good
Guard for fear of the Spaniards. They have no Sugar- Works,
but Indico. Tobacco and Hides were their chief Commodities,
the lafl: they get by hunting j but that frefh wild Beef is fcarce, for
they mull go a great way from their Habitations to find it, and that
in Companies. That Tetit-GuaVes is in the middle way between
the Hies de Vacas and Tortuga.

( z )

Of

xc

The Introduction.

Of the vifea/es 1 obferved in Jamaica, and the Method
by which I ujed to Cure them .

BEfore I conclude this Introdu&ion, I think it neceflary to give
an Account of the Difeafes of Jamaica , and howl endeavour'd
to relieve them. This may be ufeful to fome, and I am fure would
have been tome, had \ been fo fortunate before my going thither, as
to have met with any Rich Obfervattons. I was told that the Difeafes of
this place were all different from what they are in Europe , and to be
treated in a differing Method. This made me very uneafie, left by
ignorance I ftiould kill inftead of curing, and put me on trying with
the utmuft caution the Remedies and Methods I had known effectual
in Europe , which in a very little time, I found to have great luccefs
on the Difeafes there. My Medicines had the better operation, be-
caufe people had a belief I could help them, and fuhmitted to the
taking Remedies in the order they were preferibed without changing
the Medicines, altering the Method, or judging hardily in caie the
Perfon died. Indeed, at firft, the Inhabitants would fcarce truft me
in the management of the leaft Diftemper, till their obfervation of
the good effects the European method had in the Duke of Albemarle’s
numerous Family, in the fame Difeafes, brought them to make trial
of what I could do with fome of the meaner fort, accounted in de-
fperate Conditions. I (hall give fome of thefe Observations both
in the Voyage thither, and during my abode there, in as few
words as I can, chiefly relating Matters of Faft, whereby, aba¬
ting fome very few Difeafes, Symptoms, from the diver-

licy of the Air, Meat, Drink, <&c. any Perfon who has feem
many Tick People, will find the fame Dileafes here as in Europe ,
and the fame Method of Cure. For this reafon 1 have put down
fome very ordinary Obfervations and Methods, that this matter may
be very plain. For my own part I never faw a Diieafe in Jamaica ,
which 1 had not met with in Europe , and that in People who never
had been in either Indies , excepting one or two ; and fuch Inftances
happen to People pra&ifing Phylick in England , or any where elie,
that they may meet, amongfl: great numbers, with a lingular Oil-
cafe that they had never feen before, nor perhaps meet after with a
parallel inftance.

Of a chole- Captain Novel aged about forty, Cholerick, who had drunk very
ra Morbus, hard, and was very thin of Flefh, lent tome, he was ill of a l be-
want of iera Morbus, Vomiting, and going often to Stool. I iound him
Appecne, ^ noc abje t0 bear any farther Evacuation, 1 gave him there-

lore

The Introduction.

xci

fore about s 5 Drops of Laud. Liquid. Cydmiat. in a convenient
Vehicle. His Vomiting being ftop’d, I gave him for his Loofnefs
the VecoH. alb. for his ordinary Drink, and order’d him Rice Milk,
and Milk-Meats for his Food, which, with the help of the Laud.
repeated, foon cur’d him of that Indifpofition. He continuing to
drink hard, vtreakned his Stomach, fo that he vomited almoft
every Morning, loft his Appetite, and complain’d of a great pain
in his Breaft under the Sternum , which I ghefs’d to be fome fmall
Inflammation in the Mediajlinum , or other Membranes of the Tho¬
rax. I try’d by bitter Wine, and other Stomachics, to rehtifie the
Stomach j by Milk Diet, Diet-Drinks, Steel Courfe, and Bleeding to
Cure the latter, but without fuccefs, the Reafon I ghcfs was his drink¬
ing Drams in the morning, chiefly Brandy and Sugar. He reduc’d
by thefe means, his Stomach to that weaknefs, that at laft, fince I
came from Jamaica I have been told he could keep nothing therein
but the Milk of a Negro Woman he fuck’d.

Mr. Q fyadijh was feiz’d with a Tertian Ague at Tlimouth , and cur’d Of a Ter-
by the Cortex Teruv. given as ufually, without any return. uan'

Mr. Mark Collet , in the thirtieth year of his Age, at the fame place
and time, was feiz’d after the fame manner, only there was very
little intermiflion, and he was delirous for feveral hours. Upon the of an in-
taking of this Bark given by the Ship.Dodcr, by my D*red:ions, ^rmitting
he was perfectly cur’d. He had before my feeing him, taken in
vain abundance of Juleps and Cordials, been Blifter’d, Bled, <jrc. intermiffi-
It was a while before I, who was generally in another Ship, could Delmai
find out the Intermiflion, the Fever being fcarce ever off.

In February 1688. he was taken in Jatnaica after the very fame
manner again, 1 had him Bled and Blifter’d, he being delirous. I
gave him, for his cold Sweats and weak Pulfe, about ten Drops of
Soirit of Hartfhorn every four or five hours, and after a full difco-
very of the Intermiflion, I cur’d him with the Cortex.

Mr. Anthony Gamble , aged about Forty five, a Cook, given to
Drink, had, fome years before l law him, in an Engagement with
fome Turkijb Ships, a great part of the Flefh of his right Hypocbon -
dre fliot away with a Cannon Bullet. He fell into very great pains
in his Belly, which was bound. I gave him fome ExtraHum H(udiit t o
loolen his Belly, which not fucceeding he had Glifters, Suppolitories,
Decoftions, Bolus’s of T her. Fenet . Draughts with fome Drops of
liquid Land, in proper Vehicles, Juniper, and other Cordial Waters,
outward Fomentations, and Bags Emollient and Anodyne of all Ions
contriv’d to procure a Stool, as well as eale the Pain, but the Du¬
es fe was too violent to yield to any of thole Medicines, before

' - leveral

xcii The Introduction.

_ _ _ * - ~ - - - ■■ *

feveral days of intolerable Pain were over, when by an eafy ordi-
Of a Colick, nary Glitter he was relieved, and efcaped that time. Drinking very
hard, fome time after, he fell into the Hemorrhoids with intolerable
pain, and at the fame time had a Flux and Fever, the Flux being a Cri¬
sis of the latter. He fent for a Chirurgeon, who gave him at night,
as I fuppofe, a Bolus of fome Opiat Medicines, which flop d the
Loofenefs, but increas’d the Fever to that extremity, that he was in
<?reat danger. I, on all thefe accounts, order’d him to be Bled
to ten Ounces, gave him cooling Juleps, and directed the Anus or
Hemorrhoids to be eafily anointed with Ung, Comitiff. and Topul. fnt
fome time he recover’d by degrees his former ftate of Health, but
was very often fubjedl to violent Colicks, which I judg’d might
be occafion’d by fome part of the Guts adhering to the Cicatrix of
the great Wound in his Hypochondre , and by that means occafioning
(pme fmall flop or obftru&ions to the paffage of the Excrements in
that place, as it happens, for another Reafon, to thofe troubl’d with
Ruptures 5 but in lome time ( which was requifite for the Guts to
do their Office, the Excrements to be moiftned, and pals this ftop )
it ufually went off. He was very much troubl’d with the Hemor¬
rhoids, and inflam’d f well’d Eyes, the firft I cur’d with Bleeding, and
the Ointments before mention’d, the latter with Bleeding, Purging and
Rliftering, according to the greatnefs or ftubbornels of the Difeafe.

A Seaman, aged about Forty, had a quick Feverifh Pulfe, efpe-
fumpdo°n" cially towards the Evening ; a very troublefome Cough, which had
or Hetfic, been his Companion for lome Months. I order’d him to take lome
Pe&oral Medicines, and at night an Anodyne Draught, by which
he found fome eafe. I chang’d, after a while, his Medicines, and
gave him Locatellh Salfam ; but he grew weary, and went to change
the Air. Fie came, in about nine Months after, to me, very much
emaciated, wich his former complaints, only in every refpect worfe,
with a great Loofenefs, for which I gave him every Evening about
3j. of T her. Fen. wither, j. Laud. Lond. which ttop’d his Loofenefs
and other Symptoms. I know not what became of him afterwards,
he not coming near me, but by the common courfe of l’uch Di-
ftempers, ’tis likely he died foon after.

One Saturday evening, when we were in hot Weather, a Hog be¬
ing kill’d, and the Blood fav’d(to make Puddings)tillMWdy morning,
they prov’d very hurtful, for although fome, who had eat of them,
complain’d not, yet feveral others were taken violently ill ? fome
Vomiting with great pain, and others Vomiting and going to Stool
with great Anxieties. Being call’d, and asking if they had eaten or
drunk any thing to occafion fuch great diforders, I concluded the

Puddings,

4

The Introduction. xciii

Puddings to be the Caufe, and whereas ’twas advis'd to flop the Vo- Several
miting, I thought it raoft proper to forward it ,* for that it feem’d by eatingk
to be the readied and eafieft way to follow the motion of Na- Hogs-
ture, and to dilcharge the Caufe, efpecially confldering the Puddings
were fcarce yet out of the Stomach. 1 therefore gave fmall Beer 0f whidi
and warm Water with a little InfuJ. Croc. Met all . and help’d them they were
up, and after a fufficient Evacuation, gave fome Cordial Draughts
of Conf. a ilkermes , Cinamon water, and Syr. Caryophyll. and all the kept too
peifons were in a little time very well. The beft way of managing long-
mod Perfons Poifon’d or Surfeited, is by Vomits, if the matter re¬
main in the Stomach 5 Purging if it be in the Guts, and Diluting.

One — _ who had had a Gonorrhea often, and a pretty while be¬

fore he complain’d, had many Symptoms of the Pox, which threate¬
ned his Life, or at leaft the prefent flatting of his Nofc. The queflion
was whether being at Sea he might be flux’d, I told them I law no¬
thing to hinder it in fuch an urgent Cafe, and therefore advis’d one,
who pretended to underfland Salivation well, to do it by lln&ion,
as the fureft way to Root out the Diftemper. He put him into a m”
very clofe Cabbin, anointed him, and the flux role very well, and manag'd,
the Symptoms ceas’d : I concluded all would goon as ufually they
do in fuch Cafes, and gave the Perfon who had the care of him ge¬
neral Directions how to behave himfelf. But it prov’d otherwife, for
he was ignorant of the Method of treating in a Salivation, fpar d his
Medicines, fubftituted others in the Places of thofe 1 order d, al¬
ledging amongft his Comrades, he knew better. He likewife kept
his Cabbin too hot, as well by burning two Candles always there,
and never (uffering a vent to the Steams, as by giving a great many
Cordials, or hot Sudorifics. By thefe feveral means unknown to
me, he inverted the Courfe of Nature, and threw what ought to
have come by Spitting, through the Pores of the Skin, wherefore
in about Fourteen days his Spittle thickned, theSwww being thrown
out another way, and he was choak’d and died, notwithflanding
what could be done for him,

A Gentleman, aged about Forty, of a Sanguine Complexion,
much given to Drinking and Venery, fell ill of the Gout, for which
he following fome Emperics Advice, plaifter d all his affedted Joints Qf t|ie
with Tar, whereby in feme time he fell into a Quinfic, there be- bad^effeCb
ing a tranflation of the Matter from the Joints to the Throat. I ing orpen„
had him immediately Bled to a good quantity, for fear of Slit- deavour-
focation, and gave him a Dole or two of Exir. %ud. which to^cure
working well, he was freed of his lore Throat. He, afterwards,
by the ufe of Bitter-Wine, and Elixir <P roprietatis , recover d his
Appetite, but drinking feveral months afterwards to a great ex-

( a a ) cc*s

xciv

The Introduction.

cefs in Syder and Punch, he was taken after a fluvenng Fit and Fever,
with pains in his Side, for which he was Bled, and thereby reliev d.
The Gout coming again, he could not be perfuaded or kept from
tampering it with Cows Dung and Vinegar fried, and applied
as a Poultefs ; the Cows Dung I thought might be an mnocent Ano-
dyne • but the Vinegar as being a dilfolver and thinner ot the Blood,

I oppos’d. On the ufe of it he fell mto a Loofnels, and fome-
times Vomiting, which continued, notwithftanding the Vecott.M.
eafie Opiates, and whatever I could think of, till he died. His <°-
mach was always out of order, becauie ot his cxceffive drinking,
efpecially Brandy and Sugar, by way of Dram m a morning, to
fettle, as he thought, his Stomach.

Colonel Walker, aged about Forty five, Plethoric ; upon drink¬
ing ufed always to be troubled with Rheumatick and Gouty pains
through all his Joints, after an excelfive manner, of which by
SoS'*S bleeding he was ftill reliev’d, though fometimes he was fore d to
fly to Opiats. Once he fell inftead of his pains into a ip.ttmg ot
Blood, which came up in large quantities without pain. Going
to the Palifados in a hot day to drink Milk, he fp.t or vomited up
half a pint, for which he was Bled, and took an Upiac at mg t,
with other Aftringents. 1 advis’d repeating of the Bleeding, conn,
nuing in the ufe ot Opiats, great Quiet, Iflues in the Shoulders, esc,
with which. Rice Milk, and other cooling, thickning, isc. M--
dicines for the Blood, he was perfedly cur’d. Upon his return to
England, he fell into a Relaple, with the lame Symptoms, and i
have heard died Confumptive.

Of a com- Mr. of about Seventeen years fell into a Fever, from

mon con- which he was freed by bleeding, cooling Juleps of Barley-water with
. . *' syrup of Lemons, and other things ot that kind.

When we came into hot Weather, it was a very ordinary com-
plaint in every ones Mouth, that they were fo troubl d with an itch
from fmall red Putties or Wheals, that they knew not what to do
to be eafie. They came out ufually on the Back, along the Spine,
though fometimes they cover’d the whole Body. I told them I
not wen- thought this Diftemper was the greatell advantage they comd have,
ther on the . , P greac purper of the Blood from hot and mat p parts, and

Efi 53. £ fo complying wi.h «h.i, ddn. of cu™g , h,™

out Putties. fL r ufnallv gave Something to forward the eruptions, as Flos ou j)b»
or lomeother innocent Diaphorerick; but if their impatience was
to be complied with, Bleeding, and Purging after u was amnfal-
lible Remedy. I concluded the alteration of the Climate was^the

tinual Fe
ver.

Of the ef¬
fects of
hot Wea
ther on the

0

xcv

The Introduction.

occafion of this Difeafe, by putting the Blood into a brisker motion,
and perhaps putting into it home fiery Particles Nature threw out this
way. I was not much troubled with this, but in lieu of it had a
final l Carbuncle came out on my right Wrift.

Afterwards at Jamaica in hot Weather, the fame Difeafe was more
troublefom to us New-comers, and even fometimes, though rarely to
thofe had been a longtime acquainted with the Climate, my Anfwers
to fuch Complainants and Remedies were the fame. Something more
will be faid of this hereafter,

Mr. aged about Forty, of a Sanguine Complexion, and Fletho-
rick, at coming afhore on (Port-^d/, fell into a Fever, he had Of j* Fe^
an high quick Pulfe, an inclination to Vomit, and uneafinefs all weaknefs^
over. I ordered him to be Bled, gave him the next morning a and drouth.
Vomits of svi. of Fin . Ernet. with half an Ounce of Oxym Squill .
which with the help of Watergruel wrought very well, but remov’d
not his indifpofition. He was forbid the rafting any Wine or FleOi,
and whereas about Twelve a Clock at night he ufually had a large
Stool or two, about Ten at night I ordered him to take about Ten

of Extr . <l{ud. thereby to forward that motion of Nature, by
endeavouring to help to throw out the Morbifick Matter by Stool,
which it accordingly did, and clear'd him of his Difeafe.

He afterwards grew very faint and weary, and for that finding re¬
lief in drinking Madera -Wine and water for the prefent, he made ufe
of it too often j whereby he became ufually, the more he drank, the
more dry, fo that after a fmall time he was neceffitated to drink a-
gain. By the Air without, and the Wine within, his Spirits and
Moifture were exhaufted. Once or twice in the evening and night
he was a little incoherent in his Difcourfe, wherefore I immediately
had him Bled, and gave him a Vomit, and in a while, he keeping
an orderly Diet, was well. This Gentleman, after his arrival in
England , fell into a Fever, in the latter end of which he voided fe-
veral Pints of Blood, and Toon after died.

I was fent for at St. jago de la Fegay to a Child of Collonel Ful¬
lers. It was a Boy about twelve years of Age, had been in a Fe¬
ver for fome time, and was then in Convulfions, cold Sweats, &c.
his Pulfe quick and low. I advis’d he fhould be Cupt* with Scar*“
fication in the Shoulders, taking away fome Blood. He had Cor- vulfions.
dials with ConfeB. Alkerm. aq. Cinamom. Syr. Caryophill. &c. and
Blifters with Sp. C. C an d OL fuccin. fome Drops of which laft
were inwardly given him, but in fome hours, his weaknefs in-
creating, he died.

His

XCV1

The Introduction.

' His Mother falling into violent Hvfterick Fits upon his death, I

gave her twenty Drops of Sp. Sal. Armon . and order’d her to fmell
Of Hy ft eric t0 a Bottle, wherein the Volatile Salt of it was enclos’d. The Salt
Fits. ' was impregnated with fome Particles of Caflor, with which it had
beeen fublim’d,the Bottle was only half full, that thereby there being
Particles ready toiffueout in plenty, theSenfories might be the more
irritated, and the Fits taken off. J (ball fay more of this Diftemper
hereafter.

Of a very About the month of January 1688. mod of his Graces Family
continual were taken very ill of continual Fevers, one after another being
violent Fe- feiz’d, till it went round the whole Houfe, fome very few only ex-
ver- cepted( It ufually invaded them without any apparent Caufe. I
had it my felf, and could not affign any caufe, if not being a little
uncover’d in the night by the Sheets falling off. The Symptoms were
a great pain in the Head, and Back about the Loins, a Reaching to
Vomit to no purpofe, a very great pain in the Limbs, and all over the
Body, as inaRheumatifm, which feem’d to be from the violent heat
and boiling of the Blood in the Veffelsand Membranes. It ufually
ended in twelve or eighteen hours, and the Remedies I us’d were
thefe. If call’d at firft feizure, I immediately order’d bleeding Ex
Vena maxime tumida , to ten or twelve Ounces, and if there was an in¬
clination to Vomit, I gave them InfuJ \ Croc . Metal, with Oxym< Scill.
according to their ftrength, and thefe two Remedies timely given,
would check it prefently in the very bud, the Vomit working ufually
well, and the bleeding giving immediate eafe. If it had been
on them lome time, then it was neceffary to cool very much with
Barley-water and Syr. of Lemons for their ordinary Drink, forbid¬
ding the ufe of Wine and Flefh, or Broath in any degree, and in
cafe of any Symptom of a Delirium, bliftering the Neck, Arms, and
Ankles, and to remedy cold Sweats (very familiar here) ’[was now
and then neceffary to give fome Drops of Sp. C. C. in any potulent Li¬
quor. By this Regimen I thank God none committed to my care
milcarried, but thole who would not obferve Rules, or were treated
alter another manner, ulually were in danger, as you may fee by
the two following Inftances.

Mr. Lane , aged Twenty five, or thereabouts, being feiz’d, and
the Fever running high, he being Plethorick and hot, was Bled
Of one in and Bliftered, <s?c. and by this Courfe his Fever was abated, and
great dan- almoft at an end. About eighteen hours after, coming to him
drinking * f°und him very much diforder’d, and almoft as bad as at the be-
Wine in a ginning, wherefore having repeated my Orders about him to his
Fever. Nurle, he yet very hardly elcap’d. Fie afterwards told me the Rea«
Ion of his Relaple, which was his privately drinking White Madera
Wine contrary to direction. One

The Introduction .

XCVH

One [ Richard , a white Servant, belonging to Colonel Ballard, a-
bout thirty years of age, was taken with this before mentioned
Epidemic Fever. After he had been treated with Bolus's of Diafccr Of a Te¬
dium, and Cordials to Sweat him, he grew worle and worfe. I ver made
found him at Twelve a Clock at night in a vail Agony, as every w^fb by
one thought a dying. He had a mighty opprdfion and anxiety on ?yer-heae-
him, a very great difficulty in breathing, and couldfcarce (peak, i Medi”^-
told them l believ'd this Dileafe was partly forc’d, and therefore and '* n'’
took oft his luperfluous cloathing, fet by the Cordials (as they call’d CioatIls-
them) and lent him a Bottle or two of cooling Julep made of Apia
Font . (which l ule, in Bills to Apothecaries, to call very juftly Aqua
Cordialis frigid a) acidulated with 01 Vitriol and fweetned with Syr.

Caryophylt. i defired him to drink plentifully of this, and in two or
three days time, without any other confiderable Remedy, he was
well. Though I did not my felf fee any dye of this Fever, yet 1
heard with hot treatment fome perfons died.

Moft part of people who had been troubled with this Fever, fell
afterwards into very great weaknefs, fo that although this Dileafe, Of great
with good management, lafted not pail twelve or eighteen hours, yet weakneis
their weaknels was as great as if they had been under a Diftemper this "Fever,
for feveral Months. This was, l think, peculiar to this Fever, though
at firft 1 lulpeded it was to all Difeafes here, byreafon of the hot
Climate, but I found all other Difeafes accompanied with the fame
Symptoms as if in Europe , and therefore look on this Symptom as a
thing particular to this Fever, and fiich uncommon Symptoms now
and then attend Epidemic Difeafes every where. For this the bell: Re¬
medies were procuring a good Appetite, and a regulation of Diet.

I know not whether this laft very great .weaknefs and faintnels
might not come from another Diftemper, very ordinarily follow’d
this Fever, which was the Jaundice, for about fome few days after Of the
this Fever was over, the Jaundice very often began to fhew its felf Jaundice
by great flothfulnefs. Afterwards the yellow Face and Eyes, as well this°Fever.
as thick yellow Urin difeover’d it plain. This Diftemper ufually
was cur’d by an eafie Vomit, or Purgers, firft gentle of Til. Tpff.
and then ftronger of Extr. Tjid. with Cur cum. Milleped. Saffron, Elixir
Troprietatis, Cajhle- Sope, and fuch other eafie Medecines given be¬
tween Evacuations, though fometimes ’ewas fo difficult as not to
yield to Conrfes of thofe Medicines taken every day for a Month to¬
gether. 1 remember the Serum was fo difcolour’d in fome, that all
the Puftles rofe on the Skin, were fill’d with an Ichor as yellow
as the infufion of Curcuma or Saffron in water. Perhaps the weak-
nefles, hindering people from going about, or Exercile, might be
in fome meafurethe occafion oi this jaundice.

( b b)

A great

i

xcviii The Introduction.

A great many were of opinion that this Fever was what is call’d
Of the the Seafoning, that is to fay, that every New-comer before they be
Seafoning. acCuftomed to the Climate and Conftitution of the Air in Jamaica ,
Fever' was are t0 have an acute Difeafe, which is thought to be very dangerous,
not the and that after this is over, their Bodies are made more fit to live
feafoning. tker(^ wjc{1 hazard than before 5 and this is not only thought fo
in that lfland, but in Guinea , and all over the remote Eattern parts
of the World. That this Fever was not fo, is manifeft in that not
only we New comers were taken with it, but iikewife many of the
ancient Inhabitants of the place, as fevers! of the Family of Colo¬
nel Ivy, <&c and that a great many of us who were lately arrived,
cfcap’d this and all acute difeafes what foe ver. If there be any fuch

thing as Seafoning, the Itch or Putties formerly mention’d mutt be it,
the alteration from cold to heat being by degrees done by the way,
and that Symptom appearing on increase of the heat.

non.

Sir H. M. aged about Forty five, Lean, fallow coloured, his Eyes
a little yellowifh, and Belly a little jetting out or prominent, com¬
plained to me of want of Appetit to Vidtuals, he had a kecking or
reaching to Vomit every morning, and generally a (mall Loofenefs
attending him, and withal was much given to drinking and fitting
up late, which I fuppofed had been the original caufe of his prefent
Indifpofition. I was afraid of a beginning Dropfie, and adviled him
to an eafie Vomit of Oxymel. Still, with the help of a Feather, and
thin Watergruel, fearing Vm. Emet . might diforder him too much
by putting him into a Loofenefs, or too great Evacuation. Alter
ofa Drop- that I gave him feme Madera- Wine, in which the Roots of Gen-
•eibad Ve"fian, Tops of Centaury, Ore. had been infufed, with which Vomit,
rlonfticu- it working eafily, and the bitter Wine taken every morning for
fome days, he recovered his Stomach, and continued very well for
a confiderable time. Not being able to abftain from Company,
he fate up late, drinking too much, whereby he not only had a
return of his firft Symptoms, but complain’d he could not make
water freely. His water was thick and very red, and his Legs fwell’d
a little. When thefe Symptoms appeared, Doctor %ofe and I be¬
ing join’d, we ordered him an Electuary of CaJJia, Oil of Juniper,
Cremor. 'Tart . and other things to purge eafily the watery Humours,
enjoyn’d Temperance, and defired the continuance of his former
Medicines. This Courfe did very well with him, but making but
very little water, and being much .troubled with Belchings, and a
Cough in the night, he lent to another Doctor, who, when he
came, was of opinion that his Difeafe was a Timpany, and that
the fwelling of his Belly came only from wind, according to Hippo¬
crates, and that he was troubled with neither the beginning oi a

Dropfie,

The Introduction.

xdx

Dropffe, nor had Gravel (which is not unufual in this Cafe, and he
had been always troubled with) l told him later Obfervations upon
the Diffe&ion of dcceafed Morbid Bodies, had difcovered the Bellies
of People dying of fuppofed Timpanies, to be diflended with water,
and no more Wind than what is fuppofed to be the effedt of Phlegm,
and Crude Humours lying in the Stomac and Guts. I defir’d him that
we fhould put off talking of the Theory, and come to the Practice,
that perhaps we might very well agree in the Medicines he fhould
take, as it very often happens to Phyfitians, who may difagree in
the Theory, and yet agree in the Practice. I waited on Sir H. and
told him Dr. (Jtyfe's and my Opinion, which agreeing, he was Tarif¬
fed therewith. We gave him all manner of Diuretics, and eafie
Purgers we could find in Jamaica , Linfeed and Juniper- Berries infus’d
in Rhenifh-Wine, Mtlleped . ppd. in Powder, Juniper-water, advis’d
him to eat Juniper- Berries, us’d Oil of Scorpion, with Utig. Vialth.
outwardly, by which means he recovered again. On intemperance
he fell into a great Loofenefs, threatning his Life, which by an
Opiat, <trc. at night we ftopt, and he enjoy’d his Health for fome
time longer very well. Falling afterwards into his old Courfe of life,
and not taking well any Advice to the contrary, his Belly fwell’d
fo as not to be contained in his Coat, on which I warn’d him of
his very gieat danger, becaufe he being very weak, and fubje&to a
Loofenefs, there was no room for purging Medicines, which Teem’d
to be the greatefl Remedies for his Dropfie, threatning his Life, feeing
Diureticks did not now produce the defired Effect. On this alarm
he fent for three or four other Phyfitians, who, as I was told, (aid
he had no Dropfie, becaufe his Legs did not fwell, the Reafon of
which was, becaufe he lay in a Hamac with his Legs up, and us’d
very little exercife. They advifed him to a Cataplafm of Vervain
of this Country, <yc. for his fwell’d Belly, and would have given
him a Vomit next morning, but that it was an unlucky day, as in¬
deed it had in all likelihood been to him, if he had taken it, for he
fell naturally by only the Cataplajm into a very dangerous Loofenefs,
which had almoft carried him off j fo the thoughts of this proceeding
was put off*. He chang d loon his Phyficians, and had fir ft a Black,
who gave him Clyfters of Urine, and plaifter d him all over with
Clay and Water, and by it augmented his Cough. He left his Black
Doctor, and fent for another, who promis’d his Cure, but he
languifhed, and his Cough augmenting died foon after.

Mrs Barret y about Forty years of age, of a fpare Body, fell into a Of a very
Tertian , which naturally, or by Medicines, was very violent, theic™Jf£
being fcarce any intermiffion. Her Longue was very black } and

The delirous for the moil part. She had by her feveral Cordials,

as

c

The Introduction.

as (Bolus’s of Viafcordt<src. which I fuppos’d had in part brought
her to this. I told them I hop’d the beft, and prepar'd her fome
Cortex Teru, with which, and the life of cooling diluting Drinks
(he entirely recover’d, although (lie was by every Body thought to
be in a defperate condition.

of a Le- Mr. Fletchers Child, about a year and an half old, was taken
thargy in wjth a ffeepy Difeafe. It lay with 'the Eyes always fhut, and afleep.
a Child' I advis’d the Mother to give it a little Manna immediately, and to
ftlifter its Neck, which being done, and the Phyfick working well,
the Child recovered entirely its Health.

Of a Le- One % a Tavern-keeper’s Wife, about Forty years of age, Fat
thargy in an(] phlegmatic, was upon exceffive drinking of Brandy, taken with
a Woman. ^ Lethargy, inclining to an apopledick Fit. She would on ve¬
ry violent irritations lift up her Eye- Lids, but would not fpeak.

I immediately order’d bleeding, bliflering in the Neck and Arms,
gave her 3 ij. of Viagridium in a Glafs of Water, with fome Drops
of Sp.Sal. Armon. Ordered one to hold to her Nofe the volatile Salt
of the fame in a Bottle, and a Snuff for her of Major anc, Betony,
and White Hellebore, which being put to her Nofe, fhe fnuft up
very often. By the help of thefe Medicines fhe firfl went to Stool
in the Bed. Her Bliflers rofe, and then on the ufe of the Snuff fhe
Snees’d. She was plied hard with them two days, then look’d up
more, could fay a word or two, and call for the Pot to make wa¬
ter. I continued them two days longer, and fhe grew better, but
being morofe would take nothing, and fhut her Eyes. I told the
danders by, to frighten her, that I would get a Pan of Coals and
burn her with them on the Head, which fo alarm’d her, that fhe
took things, and was well above a year. But then, I fuppofe, on
the like occafion, fell into an apopleftick Fit, and being lent for,
before 1 came fhe was dead.

Of a Terti- A little black Boy, of a year and an half old, belonging to
an in a 77.70. (Rowland was taken violently ill of a Tertian . I gave him the Cor-
Black Boy. ^ prep£ as ufually, which being forc’d down, the little one was
well wichout relaple.

One Stephen Lego , a Wheel- wright, aged about Forty five, Phleg¬
matic, fent for me. Fie was fitting in a Chair, with his Legs
fwell’d like Polls, on a Stool before him. He could not lie
down, nor fo much as lean down his Head, for an Orthopnea
He had dikewife a very violenc Cough molefling him at all times.
One would have thought he could not have liv’d three hours

in

Of a
Droplie.

cl

The Introduction.

in that Agony. I order’d him immediately a Linttus made of
dc Sue co Heder, T'errejlr . Diucodiutn^ Sugar-Candy, and Flor.

Sulph. which I bid Jiim lick every now and then, from the Point of a
Knife. This reliev'd him extremely, fo that every thing feem’d to
be better with the continuance of this Medicine. He flept lying
his Legs were not fweli’d fo much, and his Cough gone. I gave
him fome Sp. of Hartfhorn for his Weaknefs, fome Pill of Extr.

%tid. for his (well'd Legs, and fome Locatellis Balfam for his Lunas*
to hinder Putrefadion in them. Thefe Remedies fuccceded very
well, (o that in a few Weeks time he went abroad, riding about the
Town every Morning. Having formerly been troubled with Fry-
ftpelass on his Legs, the depending Pofture of them in riding brought
down an Eryfipelas , which being very painful, and mightily inflam'd,
hinder’d him of Sleep, took away his Stomach, and" brought to his
Legs a great Defluxion of ferous Humours. The parts aflfe&ed were
bath'd with a Lixivium , in which were boil’d Wormwood, Rcfe-
mary, Thyme, Bay-Leaves, Orange- Leaves, Ore. with a Bottle of
Wine added to it at the latter end. With this the parts were often
bath'd to evaporate the Humours, and hinder a Gangreen ; but every
thing growing worfe, they ask'd my Opinion whether he would
live. I told them, I believ’d he would not live many Days. They
confulted the Aftrologers, (who were much efteemed in Jamaica )
who told them, that if he furviv’d the next Day's Noon, the Afpcdts
of the Planets pofitively agreed to fave his Life. He liv'd three Days
after the time, and yet when he died, thefe fame People Laid they
had by the Stars exactly foretold the Minute of his Death. He had
before his Death a Gangrene appear'd in <Perintto.

One - aged about Fifty, came from his Plantation, where he

had been under the Care of feveral Phyficians without Relief. He
complain’d of a great Pain in his right HypocJmder. Thinking his ^fcaac
Liver obftru&ed, by reafon of a Tumour there, I gave him fuch DiTeafe <rf
things as ufually avail in fuch Cafes, Hot-Gum-Plaifters, <yc. Find- the Dron¬
ing this Courfe did not work the defired effect, but that he rather
grew wgrfe, and that he began to find fome Difficulty in making and Pox.
Water, I began to doubt a Caruncle, and the Pox to be the chief of
his complicated Difeafes, and cjueftioning him very hard about that
matter, he at length confels’d it, and that he had feveral times had
a Gonorrhoea • whereupon I alter’d my Courfe, and he being fo very
weak as not to endure any manner of Salivation, I gave him fome
Merc . Vulc. with an eafie Medicine to work it off, and Tome things for
his Cough and (well'd Legs, which had been on him a great while.

He fell afterwards into a Flux, which could not be ftopt by Opiats,
nor any other Remedy I could give, and fo he died

(ce) Mrs,-

The Introduction :

Cll

Of a Wo¬
man with
Child in
danger of
Mifcar-
riage,
which was

prevented
notwith-
fianding
{he had re¬
gularly her
Catamenia.

Of the
Child
brought
forth by
this Wo¬

man.

Of a con¬
siderable
TvyaUfm
ftopr.

Mrs F letcher had been with Child four or five Months and had a
areae pain in her Back and Loins, as if ready to bring forth, with a
Flux of Blood, or an appearance of the Mmjlnu furgatmes. I im¬
mediately had her Bled for fear of Abortion, enjoynd her to keep
her Bed, lying very ftill, with her Heels highland a Pillow' or two
under her Loins, and gave her an eafie Hypnotkk, i><<. about i ygtt
of Laud. Lk. in a Draught of water, wherein was diflolvd lome
Eleofacch. Cmamomi. With this fhe refted well, and by its continuance
all the Symptoms were quell’d, but fhe, during all the time of
being with Child, had her Menfes as regularly as when well, lor
all the Medicines and Directions I could give her. She notwith-
Banding went out her time, and brought forth her Child very

well. . . ~ . ,

According to the notions of fome Ancient Phyficians, there was

lome reafon to be apprehenfive the Child would not be healthy,
being defrauded of its Nutriment while in the Belly ; yet, contrary
to this Opinion, it continu’d as lively and brisk as any, till it was five
months old, or thereabouts. It was then emaciated very much,
did not deep, and was always froward and crying. I found its
Belly, <&rc. very well* which is generally fwell’d in Children ema¬
ciated from Knots, or Scrophnlous Tumours in their Mefenteries*
Being apprehenfive that the Nurfes Milk did not agree with the Child,
fhe was chang’d, but notwithftanding that, and all the innocent
Medicines I durft ufe, the Child languifh’d more and more, and
died. 1 believe a great caufe of the variety obferved in this cate,
may come from the Tlethcric , or other Conftitution of the Mo¬
ther.

Mr. Byndlojfc, aged about Twenty four, was for feveral months
troubled with a great ipitting, on which he look d very ill, he did nor
Cough but wafted ftrangely. I was apprehenfive that this might
bring him in time to a Conlumption, and theiefore ordered him to
take thrice a day about feven Drops .of Opobalfavtum in Sugar, drink¬
ing after it a draught of Diet- drink made ot Sarfa, Chinat §ajfafra$,
raj. C. C. eboris , tsre. made with Raifins bruifed, to give it a good raft,
and made frefh every day, left it fhould ferment and fpoil. By
thefe Medicines he in a while grew very well. I was doubtful whe¬
ther this Diftemper might not be an eafie (Ptyalifm from fome Mer¬
curial Medicine taken unknown to me, or perhaps to himfelf, fome
Phyficians being very fond of giving Mercurial Remedies without
any urgent caule, in which I think they are to blame, they having
an uncertain Operation, and being fometimes exhibited not without
danger.

The Introduction. ciii

One Prince, a lu Negro, had been ill of the Yaws (of which Of a Black
I fliall have occafion to fay more hereafter) and fluxd for it in one who beinS
of the Chirurgeons Hoc-Houfcs at Town, where being kept ex- eafe^rua
tremcly hot, and abridg d of Visuals, he, either being mad, or ex- ouc °f c^e
tremely uneafie, broke open the Door, and ran home in a very great ^°tchbIoufe
Breeze of Wind. Upon this his Spittle thicknd, and his fpitting heighth of
ftop’d, it running by Stool, and griping him very much, Ma^ a Salivati"
jor Bragg fent for me to him, I order’d a little place in a corner of °n'
the Houle to be made moderately warm for him, and gave him as
much Watergruel as he could eat or drink, one Scruple of Merc,

Dulc. in Conferve of Rofes feverai times, and to flop the Looie-
nefs, fome drops of Landau. Liq. were put to it. By tbefe means his
Salivation rofe again, and all the Symptoms ceas’d, only on the up¬
per part of his Foot was one Sore, not yet dry’d, for which to¬
wards the latter end of his Spitting, I gave him 7 gr. of Tur -
bith. Min. in a Bolus of Confer v. %)f. which working well up¬
wards and downwards, it dry 'd. He continued well without Re-
lapfe.

> '

Mrs. Duke , aged about thirty five, was always at the ufual time 0f a Wo¬
of the Menftrue Furgationes , extremely troubled with intolerable man who
pains in her Belly and Loins, with a great prefs downwards, fo p^n^reT
that fometimes fhe had a Suppreffion of her Menfes , and ar ocher at the time
times a Frocidentia uteri I endeavour'd to remedy thde Accidents °f t!ie Cti".
by all manner of Men/esmoventia , bleeding and purging, Steel-Couries, tamema'
Bulegium Decodtions, which prov’d to no purpole for (ome Months.

Then I endeavour’d to Cure this Diftemper by Bidding, Purg¬
ing, {?c. juft before the ulual time of the coming of the Catamenia ,
but fhe found very little Amendment. Afterwards I grew a little
cautious, left fhe might be with Child, and proceeded no farther.

’Tis very ordinary to have before, or at the beginning of the Cata¬
menia, thefe Symptoms, efpecially when the lick Pei Ions are out of
order, have receiv’d any injury in Childbed, or are troubl'd with the
Fluor albas. I have feen many methods of Chaly beat and Bath -
Waters, tried for this Dileafe in ieveral perfons without effedL The
moft eale they find is by having Children, the Veflels about the
Uterus being thereby diftended, and afterwards their Pains are
lefs.

Robert Nichols , aged Thirty or thereabouts, iifually drunk with
Brandy, fell into a violent Hemorrhage at the Nole, ic running ouc morrh ge at
in great quantity. After a while I was call’d, and order'd him co be the Note,
bled at the Arm tea Ounces, and blew up through a C^uill a Powder

- - - - — -- ^

civ

The Introduction.

Of blind-
nefs.

majc of equal parts of Alum, Vitriol and <Bo\e Armeniac , which ftopc
the Hemorrhage tor fome time. It returning feverai times, the lame
Medicines being repeated with bleeding, great Abftinence, Cooling,

and a cold Bath, he was entirely cured.

Dr Cooks’s Wife, aged about Thirty five, of a Phlegmatic Con¬
stitution, loft entirely the fight of one of her Eyes, and with the
other could very hardly perceive any thing, and diftmguiOi nothing.
The Pupil of the one ftood always wide open, and that of the other
on looking at diftant or near Objects, fcarce alter’d, contraaed,or di¬
lated its fclf, which is a fign of a very bad fight, The Do&or told
me that he came to me to fatisfie her Relations, but that he defpair’d
of a Cure. He had given her (Pi/. LUcis , whereby fhe had had lome
Stools, and had made a Seaton in her Neck. Enquiring concerning
the Uenfium Fluxus , I was told, (be had been out of order that way
for fome months. 1 encouraged them all I could, told them there
was room for hope, and took my Indication from the Obftru&ion,
knowing what wonderful effe&s,and how many Difeafes in Women,
come from thence. I order’d her to be Bled by Cupping with Scari¬
fication in the Shoulders, to be blifter’d in the Neck, to be purg’d with
<ptl t Tucis fharpned with Viagrid. to fome Grains, twice a Week,
and in the intermediate days to take a Steel-Eleftuary made up with
Cephalicks, vi*. Limat. Chalyb . Subtilij] . trit . made up with Confer v.
Bor. %orifmam. <&c. and Chymical Oil of Thyme to fome Drops. I
advis’d her likewife againft Sneezing Powders, and to take after her
Electuary, and twice a day befides, a good draught of a Decoction
of Sage and Rolemarv, into which an Eleo/acch . of Rofemary was
diffolved. I likewife" defired her to take Millepedes alive, to one
hundred in a morning, rifing to that number by degrees on the days
when fhe took nothing elfe. By thele means perfifted in, fhe firft
felt fome relief, by degrees recovered the fight of one Eye, and then
of the other, fo that fhe could at laft read Bibles of the fmalleft
Print, and was entirely cured.

In Jan. and Feb. idS8. after fome hard Breezes and Norths, (Winds)
moft part of the poor Children who lay in the Savanna Houles
(which were Hues made of Palifadoes or Reeds, and cover’d with
PalrmLeaves) expos’d on every fide to the Winds, and not ftrong
?eLkEpi" enough to keep them out, were taken with Chincoughs, which was
Chin- very Epidemical, and contagious^among them, fcarce any efcaping ;
cough. ^p.er trja\ feveral things, I could not find any relief till the vio¬
lence of the Diftemper forc’d me to Laud. Ltq . <dr Lorid both of
which cautioufly given cur’d them all, but I had a great care or the
Dole. I have given it to many Children at the Breaft, drflolv’d in

■ • r

The Introduction. cv

the Mothers or Nurfes Milk, with very wonderful fuccefs, and [
thank God had never any bad Accident follow’d its ufe, although
1 have given it to hundreds of Infants. The lame Remedy (Mu-
tilth mutandis) never mifles the other degrees of this Diftemper in
other Ages, if adminiftred as it ought to be.

Mr. E.H. aged about Forty five years, much given to drinking <%tm-
Punch, had feveral times fallen into the Belly- ach, by which he had
loft the ufe of his Limbs. He came to me complaining of want of
Appetite, had likewife a fqueamifbnefs or inclination to Vomit, a
very great Taralytick (baking all over him, and was very weak. I
gave him a Vomit of Oxymel ScilL which increafed, during the time
of working, his Tremor to fuch a heighth, as one would have thought
him Expiring, but he telling me it was ufually fo with him in Vo¬
miting, I wrought it off with thin Watergruel, and after the ufe of Of the
Bitter- Wine, Sp. C.C. Crc. For fome time he feem'd to be very well BelIy_ac^
recovered, fo that he was able to go about his Bufinefs, his Stomach
was good, and lie eat his Victuals very heartily, and grew ftronget
every day.

He rode out one morning about feven Miles, and drank the Milk
or inward Juice of three Coco Nuts, which being too great a Load
for fo weak a Stomach and Body, he fell prefendy into violent
Vomiting and Loofenefs. This laft continued with him, for which
I ordered him the Vecotl. Alb. for ordinary Drink, I gave him Cor¬
dials of ConfeH De Hyacinth . made up into Draughts with Cina-
mon-water, and Syr. Caryophill. to which was now and then as
occafion requir'd, added either Opiates to ftop, Bezoar-Powder, or
Sp. C. C. to fome Drops, but all in vain, for every Stool weakned
him more and more, fo that in a very few days he died.

His Wife, recovering of a Fever, turn'd yellowifti in her Com¬
plexion, and had a bitter taft in her Mouth. I gave her a Vomit
of Infuf. Croc. MetalL about 3 vj. with as much Syr . Cariophyll. as of a Ca-
made it palatable. She vomited, and was reliev'd entirely by taking
lome Pills of Extr. tydii. She was fome Months after taken ill,
much after the fame manner, I repeated the Vomit, and gave her
three Pills made of Til. and finding they agreed with her, 1
gave her a Box of them, and fome Elixir Troprietatis, to remove
the Jaundice, (which feem’d for the moft part to lurk about her,)
when ever (be fhould find occafion again. She came by this me¬
thod to a perfect Health.

(dd;

A

I

The Introduction .

A Negro Woman, belonging to Mr. F or wood y was brought to me,
flie h ad a great many Ulcers in the Extremities of the Fingers and
Toes, and about the Joints There was alfo feveral Bladders fill’d
with Serum on feveral of her Joints, as if Cantharides had been applied
there to raife a Biifter. Thefe Bladders or Cuticula fill'd with ferous
Matter, came either on her Fingers or Toes, every Full and New
Moon, and in procefs of time each of thefe Bladders brought an
Ulcer, leaving the Flefh raw, and fometimes deeper, fometimes
Shallower corroded, fo that the longer the Bladders had been rais'd,
the deeper were the Ulcerations. T he virulency of the Humour was

fuch, as that after it had eaten into the Bone, the joints of the Fingers
and Toes would drop off, and they die, as I have been allur’d by
thofe who have loft feveral Negros of this Difeafe, 1 was allured
was peculiar to Blacks. Her Mafter told me fhc had been in the
of a Hands of a great many Phyficians, who had Bled, Purg'd, Sweated,
Dh'effe in &c' her co the greateft degree, without any fucccfs. 1 told him, I
a Black thought Fluxing, or Salivation, bid faireft for the Cure of this Difeafe,
Woman and having got a corner of an Out-houfe ready, fhe was therein
Fingers1 * flux’d by Undtion. After a while fhe was not only fo well that all the
and Toes, Symptoms of Bladders formerly rifing on Full and Change of the
ing°The Moon, did not appear as ufually, but the Ulcers all over her extre-
Fuil and mities dry’d up, and were cicatriz'd, fo that I did not doubt but all was
Ohangeo0fperfe^]y wen? Salivation being a great Remedy in Difeafes where
‘the Serum of the Blood is Peccant, either as to quantity or quality.

I was very much difappointed , when her Mafter told me about
three Months after, that her Diftemper was again, on Full and
Change, return’d on her. I concluded that the Salivation had not
been profecuted to the heighth, by my judging her Difeafe cured,
and therefore order'd her - to be fliut up, and feen rub her felf as
directed. This fecond Salivation was very copious, and flie well a-
gain. I, notwithftanding, towards the latter end gave her a Vo¬
mit of Turpeth. Min. and continued her Spitting for feveral days
with Merc. Dulc. and afterwards order'd her a Diet Drink made of
the Woods Sar/a^c. boil'd in Lime-water. This preferv'd her as
formerly, for fome time, but did not fecure her from a Relapfe. So
foonas this Difeafe 2gain appear'd, I thought, that perhaps, this was
proper to Blacks, and fo might come from fome peculiar indifpo- *
fit ion of their black Skin. Knowing nothing more effe&ual in Cu¬
taneous Difeafes of this Nature than Sulph . Vivum. I made an Oint¬
ment of this with, ling, ex Oxylapath. and order'd her the ufe of this
Liniment on all the diieafed parts. This being done, all was feem-
ingly relieved, but not without a return as violent as ever of her
Diftemper Her Mafter being difpleas’d with the loathfome fight of

her

evi

i

c

The Introduction.

cvu

her about his Houfe, remov’d her from thence to his Plantation,
whereby l had no opportunity of further trial of Skill with this Di-
ftemper. This was a very ftrange Difeafe not only in its felf, but
that it followed very regularly the Full and New Moon. I have
feen more Difeafes than this, come exa&ly at thole times ; but they
have generally been Epilepfes, or other Difeafes of the Head, and
have not been fo vifible as were thefe Bladders of water before-
mentioned.

One nighr, very late, 1 was fent for to the Crawle Plantation to a
Girl of about Twelve years of Age, of Mr. ‘Bozjes . She had a very Of a
great fwelling in her Throat with pain, difficulty of fwallowing^11’1*
and breathing, join’d with a Fever. I immediately took Ten Ounces
of Blood out of her right Arm, gave her about one Scruple of Til.

Cocb. Min. diffolv’d in water, for her more eafie fwallowing her Me¬
dicine, order’d her cooling Drinks and Juleps, made a Linttus of fair
Water, Whites of Eggs beat to water, and Sugar-candy, which .(lie
was defired to fwallow down eafily. With the ufe of thefe Reme¬
dies, I furthered defired, that in cafe, in my abfence, her difficulty
of breathing fhould augment, they fhould immediately bleed her
again. By the ufe of thefe dire&ions fhe entirely recovered.

The fame Girl, fome months after, was at Tort-^oyal taken ill
of an intermitting Fever, which hanging very long about her, difi
colour’d her Face. She look’d very pale, had like wife a fwellirsgfin
the right Hypocbondre on the Region of the Liver, and was very Ca-
cbeStic. I told them I thought this Difeafe was the effed of the Fe¬
vers long continuance, and lurking about her, without being cur’d by Of a Ca -
fome effectual Remedy. I thought it convenient to carry oft fomec^7-
of the Morbific Matter to purge eafily with Extr. Tytd. to give her
a Diet Drink of Sarfa, China , Or. for oi dinary Drink, and to put
her in a fmall time into a Steel Courie, by which means in lome
Weeks her Belly grew lank, fhe well colour’d, and perfectly rid of
her Cachexy.

Two of her Brothers were then troubled with Quotidians , the Fits Of a Quo-
lafted twelve hours, and they were treated by Phyficians of feveral tl^ian-
Notions, with feveral methods for removing them. They were
not at all relieved, but grew Cacbeftic as their Sifter had been, their
Bellies began to fwell, and they to look pale. I advifed without
any delay., the ufe of the Cortex Teruv. which given as I us’d to do,
cur’d them ; but their Fevers had continu’d lo long about them, that
they being Cachetttcy I put them into the Steel Courie before men¬
tioned, whereby they were perfectly recovered.

cviii

The Introduction.

Dr. Cooper , aged about Forty five years, of a yellowifh fwarthy
Of the Complexion, was a great Dtinker of Rum- Punch, and told me
Belly-ach. tliat ^d had Twenty five feveral violent Fits of the Belly-ach,
with drinking that fort of Liquor. He had been ill in the Country
feveral days/ and had had fome Convulfion Fits. He had an in-
tollerable pain about the Region of his Navel. For this he had
taken feveral Clifters and Purgers, which, although they wrought
well, yet cur’d him not, but gave only a fmall momentary relief. I
advis’d him to a Fomentation all over his Belly, with a Deco&ion
of Roots of Jltheeay Leaves of the fame, and Mallows, Fenugreek,
and Linfeed, with Camomile-Flowers, Juniper-Berries, and Cum¬
min-Seed. With thefe he had a fmall relief, but grew prefently as
bad as ever.' I gave him Extr. G{ud. which purg’d him very well,
but remov’d his pain but for a moment. I then gave him an eafie
Opiat, mixt with a Purge, but it had no cfted. In the ufe of a
Clifter, in which was boild Gourd Leaves, he found a moment’s
relief, during the time of its working, but foon was taken witn
Convulfion Fits. For thefe Fits I gave him Sp, C. C. and Volatile
Salt of Sal Jrmoniack to fmell to, as well as OL Succin. dropt on
Sugar, in a convenient Vehicle. He was now very weak, had cold
Sweats, a weak Pulfe, not able to endure Phyfick, every Stool end am
geringhis Life, and the ufe of his Limbs was almoft wholly taken
from him. I chang’d the Medicines as occafion required, fometimes
he took one Ounce of Sena boil’d in Chicken-Broath, and drank after
it a Gallon or two in a day, to endeavour the wafhing away, of
any fharp or fower Humour lying and corroding the Coats of the
Guts. For the fame purpofe he would at my defire drink huge
Draughts, and often of thin Watergruel, left the Chicken Broach
fhould inflame too much, his water being thick and high colour’d,
and he complaining of Erratick pains, (as it is with moft others in
this Difeafe) but all to the fame purpofe. Sometimes on vomiting
he found great relief, there being always an inclination that way, but
this relief was but of a Chore continuance. He being defirous of new
Medicines, after I had given him an agreeable Catharcick, fent for a-
nother Pbyfician, who gave him fome ftrong Opiat, as I think of
Diacodium , by which the Operation was ftopt of the Cathartick. After
deeping, as he thought, he was considerably reliev’d, wherefore he
perfifted in the ufe of that j but in a few days he fell into a ftrong
Convulfion Fit, and died. A third Phyfician coming to him, pro¬
pos’d Wild.Liquorifh- Leaves, boil’d in water, and the Decoition
drank, as likewife a Deco&ion of Purflane ; but they both feem’d
very unequal to remove fo great Difeafes, elpecially this laft, which
we in fubltance eat every day to great quantities in Sallees, without
any fenfible alteration. Mrs. Look

The Introduction,

Mrs. Cook fent for me to a Child of hers, which, when I came,
was juft out of a Convulfion Fit. It was a year and a half old, and Of Con-
was not breeding Teeth. I gave it fome drops of Sp. C. C and ^ vulfion
drop or two of 01 Succin. in Sugar, diffolv’d in water, and or- Flts‘
dered three or four Grains of Cinnabar to be given in any Li¬
quor, or what way they pleas’d. The Child falling into another
Fir, on repeating thefe Medicines had immediate relief. The fame
Child fell into an intermiting Fever, and in the time of the Paroxyfm
had Convulfion Fits. I immediately gave the Cortex Teruv. in
Chocolate, hinder’d the next Taroxy/m of the Fever, and cur’d the

Child.

Mrs .Fuller, aged about Forty years, of a Sanguine Complexion, had
a fwimming in her Head, could not Sleep, but was in a manner light¬
headed in the nights, having a great many incoherent andtrouble-
fome Fancies and Chimeras in her thoughts. She had likewife fome
pains in her Back, fometimes in one place, and fomecimes in ano¬
ther, and, to be fhort, told me fhc had no free part about her, but eve¬
ry where was troubled with one Ail or other. She had likewife eve¬
ry day feveral Ioofe Stools, and had had feveral Phyfitians, who had Of Hj ft eric
gone on feveral methods ; but moftly on evacuations by Stool. She Fics* with
grew always worfe and worfe on thefe Courfes, was extremely ap- nefs°°and
prehenfive of her Life, faw every thing of her Diftemper through a, incoherent
magnifying Glafs, and upon any Hidden fear or danger, fhc fell into 1 anciss*'
violent Fits, of which you may fee an inftance before on her Sons
death. She was very earned for Evacuations, but I told her that was
not the way. Another Phyfician, being consulted, told her that fihe
could not be relieved, and that it was Fits. I eafily aftented to his
Opinion of the Difeafe, and proceeding a contrary way towards her
cure, would not as yet fufter any Evacuation, either by Bleeding,

Stool or Vomit, but ftrove by all means to ftop her habitual Looic-
nefs by VecoEl. Alb. for her ordinary Drink, Papers of Creta, or
Chalk powdered, with which I mixt fome Caftor , and gave her
over night about Two Scruples of this, with a very gentle Opiar.

She had very many other Cephalicks given her, as Sp. C. C. OL Succin .
a Bottle of Volatile Salt to fmell to. She had alfo Juleps of Acj. fuleg,
and other Hyfterics, a Decodtion after the manner of Tea made of
Sage and Rofemary, and feveral other things of this Nature, by
which ftie did not feem to be very much reliev’d, only the Loofenefs
itopt. Her Head was ftill very light, and full of Fancies. I durft
noc after the firft nights tryal adventure on any Opiats, butperfifted
in the other Remedies to ftop her Ioofe Stools, and in the Hyfterics,,

So loan as the Loofenels was ftopt by this method, I put her into a

( e e ) Steel

cx

The Introduction.

Steel Courfe, which after it was patiently gone through with great
promiles of relief, (lie keeping a very good Diet, and exercifing on
Horfeback and Foot, was brought to her perfect Health. Com¬
plaining to me very much of a giddinefs in her Head, and that fhe
had not regularly her Catamenia , 1 had her bled in the Foot, once or
twice, which did her a great deal of good, and (lie was ordered to
take Millepedes every morning in a Glafs of water, with which fhe was
very welb

About two months after (lie was well of this Difeafe, fhe fell into
a Colick and Conftipation of her Belly. She had not been at Stool
in fome time, had very violent and extraordinary Colical pains in
her Belly, and was Olivering as one in a Fit of an Ague. I gave
her immediately about gr. i. of Laud. Lond. with 15.^. of Extr.
tftyd. that afcer her pains were aflwaged by the Opiat, fhe might have
Of the Bel- a Stool by the Extr. (Z{ ud . She fell into moll violent convulsive mo-
withim in- c^ons> anc^ foam'd at Mouth, but being brought to herlelf by burnt
termitting Feathers, Volatile Salts, Spirits, Or. fhe complain'd of intolerable
Ccmvulfi1^ Pa*ns> Ac Opiat made her ealie. After fhe had eale, the Phylick

ons. began to work, it gave her fome very good Stools, and remov'd the
Diftemper in her Belly, by voiding fome hard, round Balls or Pel¬
lets, like Sheeps Dung. She was feverifh, and inclining to Swear.
I gave her fome Sp. C.C. in a Decodtion of Sage and Rofemary to for¬
ward that motion of Nature, to try thereby to root out that which I
was afraid might in time {how its felf, vis^ an intermitting Fever.
This accordingly happen'd, and it return’d in about Forty hours,
with the fame Symptoms, only no Belly-ach, which had been ac¬
cidental to the firffc Fit. This fccond Fit began with inclination, and
Teachings to Vomit, which I promoted by thin Watergruel, and a
Feather put into her Throat. By this proceeding there was a prefenc
alleviation of Symptoms for a moment. After thefe Vomitings came
the cold Fit, with which I ftruggled with Sp. C C. and fuch things,
(he having Convulfions in it, which were ftrong. After the Con-
vulfions came the hoc Fit, very burning, in which was a great Thirft,
anddelirous Difcourfe, for thefe I gave her as many cooling Liquors
as (he delired to drink. When the Sweat began to appear, then {
pi/d her with hot Suaorificks, by which fhe fweated very plenti¬
fully* After the Fit was over, conlidering its violence, and her Con¬
stitution, I told her I apprehended fome danger, if fhe fuffered any
more Fits, and therefore adviled her to cure this Fever immediately
with the Cortex Peruv. which I gave her. She mid: all figns of a
Fit after (he had taken it. I gave her Milleped. to one hundred in a
morning alive, to hinder Gbftru&ions, and forward the Menftru&
Purgationes. She ic-tind relief in them, and was perfe&ly well.
People who have the Belly-ach have generally rhumatick or gouty

pains

The Introduction.

cxi

pains in their Joints or Limbs, and a fcttlement in their water like
Brick-duft.

Major Thomas Ballard, Plethoric, of a Sanguine Complexion,
aged about Thirty five, much given to extravagant drinking, watch- Of an ex-
ing, and fitting up late, fometiraes for feveral nights together with- tra°rf
ouc Sleep, was, after a Debauch in Brandy for fome days and don ofths
nights without Reft taken extremely ill. He fent for me, I found Heart,
him complaining very much of a giddinefs in his Head, Palpitation,
or as he call’d it, a fluttering at his Heart, very great Faintings, cold
Fits, and great cold Sweats. Thefe Symptoms were not always
on him, but were fome times very much abated, and would return
ieveral times in a day or night with great violence, infomuch that
there feemed to be great hazard of his Life, and that he could not be
brought to Sleep. I was at fir ft very apprehenfive of an Apoplexy,
and therefore had him bled, and for his fainting Fits he took now
and then fome Cordials, as they are call’d, made of Acy. Ceraf. Nt^r.

Paeon. Comp, with fome Bezoar or Gafcoyne Powder in them. By thefe
means the cold Sweats were taken off, and he at prelent relieved. He
had likewife fome Volatile Salt cf Sal Armoniac to fmell to, fome 01
Succini to take fome times, and fome Sp. C. C. at others. He was
alfo bliftered in the Neck and Arms, and had an Iftue cut in his Left
Arm. Notwithftanding thefe Medicines, his Paintings and Palpi¬
tation continued. I gave him Betony, Sage, and Rofemary, to
make of them a Deception to be drank alter the manner of Tea,
many Preparations of Caftor, and a little Gafcoyne- Powder Ieveral
times in his Cordial Juleps. He was, likewife, at the inftance of
fome, Bled in the Foot once or twice, but I could not find any of
thefe things to relieve very manifeftly, only the Difeafe feem’d to go
off infenfibly by degrees, and was in fome weeks, by the help of
Infufions of Hierapicra , and Purges of Diagr'tdium , &c. carried off.

His Diftemper neverthelefs lurk’d fo about him, that drinking very
much, riding in the Sun, or any thing heating the Blood, imme¬
diately brought a Paroxijm , which did not eafily yield to any Medi¬
cines, till it wrought off by degrees of its felf by temperate living.

1 was very apprehenfive that thele Symptoms proceeded horn a Po¬
lypus, lodg’d lomewhere in the great Veffeis near the Heart, and ad¬
vis’d him, on that fcore, to great Temperance, and a Steel Courle.

It is very plain this Difeafe muff have come from fome great diforder
about the Heart, upon the Blood its coming thither in quantity,
and not being able to be difeharged from thence $ but by Palpitati¬
ons of reiterated Pulfacions and efforts. I have leen luch a Diftem-
per more than once come from bony Excreftencies about the Ao^ta,
great Artery, or Valves of the Heart; perhaps Inch excrefcencies

might

The Introduction .

cxn

mipht be produced the fooner by intemperate living, for Spirit of
Wine turns the fibrous part of the Blood, of which are made

into a hard Cattilaginous or bony Subftance. Thi- Gentleman enjoy’d
after this Sicknefs a perfect Health.

A Servant of his, one Charles, a white Man, came to Town from
his Plantation. He was about Thirty five years of age, was quite
difcoloured all over his Body, looking pale, his Face was bloated or
OfaDrop- fwelFd extremely, fo were his Legs like Polls, and all his Boay, buc
1]e- efpecially his Belly and Scrotum. He made water very little, it any,
that which he made was with very great difficulty, complaining of
oveat (harpnefs and heat. His Scrotum was fo (well’d with ferous
Matter, as that it was much bigger than his Head, yet almoil tran*
{parent’ and hiding of his Penis, fo that very little of it appear’d. This
Difeafe was thought by every one to be an incurable Pox, but I told
them I thought there was no Symptoms here but thofe of a Dropfie,
and gave him prefently fome Jalap in Powder, to about half a
Dram, which wrought with him very well by Urin and Stool, info-
much ’that he found himfelf much better. I continued it every oth„r,
or third day, fometimes changing it for Extr. <%ud^ and on the inter¬
mitting days, wherein he took no Purges, I order’d him a DccoBum
ex Ugnis,tsrc. in a fmall time, with the help of a Crocus MetalL
Vomit, now and then given him, his Belly, Scrotum , and whole
Body were lank. He made water well, and was in per led Health.
To confirm this I gave him a Steel Electuary to carry into the Coun¬
try, to hinder a R.elapfe, ordering him to Exercile notion, fo bung
a very Lazy Fellow. He not obeying directions, was taken ill again,
afier the fame manner as at firft, and came not to Town till the iwel-
lina all over was fo great, as that he could not dir off his Back. He
had likewife a great Cough. I began as formerly with him with
Purgers, with which he was very much eas’d, and brought to go a-
bout again, but he could not eat, he fell likewile into a Loofcnels,
with which, although 1 ftruggled all I could by Opiats,^c. yet in
lome days he died.

George Thieves, a Bricklayer, about Thirty five years of age, had
labour’d under a Cough for feveral months, by which he could not
deep in the night. He was alfo very much trouble with it in the
day. He had a very quick and Fevcrifh Pulfe, efpecially towards
Of a Con- the Evening, and was very much emaciated and weak, that he could
lump t ion, vcry hardly dir. I gave him a Linflus of 01. Amigd. Vnle. Syr „
Capill. Ten. Viacodium, and Sugar-Candy, and befides in the evening
he had an Hypnotick Draught, and fome Drops of Liq. Laudan . with
which he was very much better, and although he bad been kit as

ddperardy

The Introduction.

CXlli

defperately ill ; yet by thefe, and Tome Pectoral Deco&ions, lie was
above two months in a condition to ride abroad, and very hearty,
fo that ’twas thought he would have intirely recovered Thecon-
ftant ufe of the Opiats ftopt him io much that 1 was fore d no ana
then to five a Pill of Extr. <Rul to procure h-m a Stool. He took
fome Balfam of Sulphur, and Hcatellh Balfam ; but he fell into
a Loolenefs, and fo died, notwichftanding ConfeB. de Hyacntb. and

other things of that Nature given to ftop it.

His Wife after his death, was taken very ill of an intermitting Fe¬
ver, which was very violent. She had been treated with leveral forts Ofan . in-
of Viaphoretich , with which (lie grew worie, but l._nding for me. Feve^

1 perfuaded her, with much ado, to take the Cortex feruV. oy which
in a little time (he was cured.

Mrs. L. aged about Forty years, on drinking too much ^ me, fed
into a Cholera Morbus. She lent for me, was vomiting very frequently, -
and going to Stool often. I order’d her to drink a great deal of very Of a c«-
thin Chicken Broath, and fo help? her to Vomit much more .han (he
did before, and cowards the evening when ! law a lufficient Evacu-
ation both ways, and that fhe was not well able to beat much more,

I gave her fome ConfeB. de Hyacinth, in Cinamon water into which
was dropt fifteen Drops of Laud. Ltq. Lydrn, with which a little .air
water being added, and Syrup. Ganophyll. ad gr at. Sapor, fhe was per-

fe£Aboute fa months after Are fell into a very great Pleutifie. She
had a moft extraordinary violent pain in her Side efpecrally on bre^h-
ing, Sighing or Coughing, ail which fhe was troubled with. I had £ Qf
Bled in the Arm to Ten Ounces, gave her iome pow eie
Eves fome Linfeed-Oil and Sugar-Candy. Thefe did not relieve her, Pie ifie
Be grew worfe and worfe, had cold Sweats, ^c. I gave her curd by
then lome Cordials made of leveral Vinous Spirits, mac. he. t..k Ue|
“IT C C to keep her alive, and had her bled to a good qu n-
itr five ti'mesTn her foot and Arm in Twelve hours. I had like-
wife her fide rub’d with Ung. Vjakk & Ol.Lumhnc. as alio a hot
Bas of parch’d Salt put warm to it. In this (lie felt lome fma re¬
lief bw'flie found^more advantage in the bleeding than any thing
dt though It feemed very exceffiver By thefe methods fhe recovered

her oerfedt Health. , . f

Her Husband had been fick and weakly for many yea ,

Ph,r,™ -ta. *»'?r***~

frS. .bi™ L, . u “r »£“

i

■V

cxiv

The Introduction.

difcolour’d Matter by Mouth fulls, and a perpetual Hiccough. I
thought his Diftempernow fcarce curable, but advis’d him to take
fome^ Drops of Elix. Tropr. with fome Tin dure o f Arnotto or Achiotle ,
which he us’d to take for the Stone in Rhenifh Wine. This Tindure,
(which is a fam’d Diuretic in thefe parts,) he took, but his Singultus
perpetually following him, except when he had a little Sleep, ’which
was very fhort, he died.

Of inter- Mr. Fletcher , twice in two Epidemical Conftitutions, fell into in-
mitting termittin2 Fevers, which by the help of the Cortex Ferui;. were

Fevers. , , • i

both cured without returns.

A Man Servant of his likewife very many Symptoms of a begun
Of an in- Confumption and Hedic, as great coughing, efpecially in the night,
Fe^and difficulty of breathing,^. with thefe he had an intermitting Tertian
a Cough, F^ver. I gave him the Cort. Ternv. as ufually, and he was not only
frced of his Ague> kut perfedly recovered of his other Symptoms,
an r f j Was apprehcnfive would have been much more troublefome

than the Fever. Thus I have feen very often that feeming Hedies
have been cured by the Bark.

A Negro Woman of his called (2fy/e, who us’d to be about the
Houfe, and attend Children, grew Melancholy, Morofe, Taciturn,
and by degrees fell into a perfed Mopifhnefs or ftupidity. She
would not (peak to any Body, would not eat nor drink, except when
forc’d, and if fhe were bid to do any thing flie was wont to do,
before fhe had gone about it, fhe would forget what her Commands
Of Mad- were. If one brought her out to fet her about any thing, (he would
nels- Hand in the Pofture fhe was left, looking down on the Ground, and
if one further, as for inftance, put a BrOom in her Hands to fweep
the Houfe, \ there fhe flood with it, looking on the ground very pen-
five and n\elancholy. She had fallen into this the Full Moon be-
ore I faw her, and had afterwards her Exacerbations always on Full
or Change. I had her Cupt and Scarified in the Neck, ordered her a
very ftrong Purge of Extr. ud} to be forc’d down her Throat.
^ This did not work. 1 gave her fix Ounces of Fin. Emet. telling
her it was a Dram, which wrought pretty well with her. I gave
heralfo, feveral days very ftrong Dofes of Tiagridiumy or Jalap a-
mongft her Vi&uals, which fometimes wrought none at all, and at
other times would work pretty well. In a months time there was
much alteration for the better, fo that fhe was concluded not to be
bet witched by her own Country people, which was the Opinion of
moft faw her. This happens very often in Difeafes of the Head,
Nerves or Spirits, when the Symptoms of them are extraordinary, ot
not understood, to be attributed by the common People to Witch¬
craft, or the Power of the Devil, Ajfa foetida is ufed in Exorcilms*

which

— - - - . -

The Introduction.

cxv

which I take to be more proper for Hyfterick or Nervous diforders of
thofe to be Exorcis’d, than to offend the Noftrils of the Devil. I bli-
ftered her Neck, gave her now and then Vin. Emet. to fix Ounces, or
Merc. fit. to eight or nine Grains, flie being very hard, as all mad
People are, to work on. She had fome white Puftles rofe all over
her Skin, and by the ufe of thefe Medicines alternatively, (he came
to her lelf, went about her bufinefs, and was well.

Worms of all forts are very common amongft all kinds of People
here, Specially the Blacks and ordinary Servants. They are very
often obliged to eat the Country corrupt Fruits, Roots, and other
Meats apt to breed many kinds of Vermin in the Guts. Sometimes
thefe Worms caufe Fevers, which run very high with great intermit-
fions and exacerbations, fometimes Con vulfion- Fits, very often great
pains in the Belly and Stomach, now and then bloody Excrements,
and at other times perfons Vomit up Worms of divers fhapes and
magnitudes. It is often very hard to find out the caufe of thcle ofWorms;
Symptoms. I ufed to give immediately fome Viagridium and Merc.

Mulcts mixt together, which ufually brought fome of them away, or
quieted the Symptoms. I us’d to allow a Grain of Viagridium to every
year of the Childs Age, and about half the quantity of Merc. Vulc. .
Sometimes in aged People I gave Til. Cock Min. or Extr.Tyd. mixt
with Calomelanos . I have feen eighteen Worms come away in a day or
two with thefe Medicines. Sometimes I would give Cinnabar to
Children this way difeafed, if I apprehended their Head to be anedted,
or if other Medicines took no place. I often gave Coralline in very great
quantities, which I never faw do any great matter, but by formfeed
given l have found great fuccefs,as alfo by Oil. Very often the Worms
here are proof to all thefe Medicines, and carry off abundance ot
People, which chiefly happens when they have eat through the Guts,
or are in fo great numbers, or lodg’d in luch corners and recedes ot

the Guts ; that although there be a plentiful Evacuation of them>yec

fo many remain as to be mortal, or lie in fuch places as the molt
effectual Medicines come not near them. ’Tis ufual here to give
Children eafie Purges, or Wormfeed, at the Change or Full o the
Moon. Thefe Worms in Children come very often from lucking
Sugar-Canes Raw, and make the Children look very pale and wan.

One Harris , a Joyners Wife, came to me with a Child of about
even years of Age in her Arms, which had the Face rang y
Well’d, efpecially the Lips, which were ramified prodigioufly.and
nade the Child look very deformed. The Nofe was alfo all over

red, and fwell’d out in lumps which were very much inflam d, his

Throat was alfo fomewhat affefted. I ask’d her whether or no

CXV1

The Introduction.

Of a
Child in
danger of
Life by
Salivation
on taking
Mercurius
Dulcis.

Of a gid-
dinefs in
the Head.

Of a Fe¬
ver and
C holer a
Morbus.

file had given any thing to this Child for the Worms. She told me
fix had, and that one lor that purpofe had given her a Powder.
Defiling to fee it, file fhew’d me a Paper wherein was a great deal
of jW ere. Dulc. Left the Child fhould be choakt by the flopping of
the Salivation, I order’d it to be kept moderately warm, and to be
bled to fix Ounces, and after that to take fome Diagriditm to make
a Revulfion, and carry the humours off by Stool. I order’d her af¬
terwards to apply Emfl. Diachyl. cum gum. to all the lumps to ripen
them. I defir’d they fhould have a care of opening them on the
outfide by Incifion, left Scars might follow, and make the Face all
over deform’d and ugly, for in luch cafe the more the Child grew,
the greater would be the Scars. If fmall Tumours break wichouc
a Knife or Cauftic, there is not fo much danger of marks. With
' Viagridium Purges now and then given, the Face leflened, came i»
fiiape, and was pretty well, and by the application of the Plaifter,
the lumps ripened and broke one after another, and the Child was
well without fo much as the appearance of a Scar. If Merc . Dulc,
be mix’d in a larger quantity with Jalap, or other purging Powders,
after the Powder has been ftir’d, and fonae Doles taken out, the Merc,
Dulc. being heavier, goes to the bottom, and fo confequently, af¬
ter fome time, is taken in larger proportion than the Purgers, and oc-
cafions fuch Accidents as Salivation, £rc. This preparation of Mer¬
cury likewife acquires a bad Corrofive quality by lying long in the
Air, and fo does Antimonium Diaphoreticum get an Emetic quality.

A lean fpare Woman, aged about Fifty, complain’d very much
of a giddinefs in her Head. She told me that when fhe was in the
Fortieth Year of her Age her Menflru^Turgationes h ad left her, and
that then fihe began to be out of order. She had had the Catamenia.
firft at Eleven. I gave her fome Sp. C. C. thrice a day, and would
have bled her, but that her weaknefs was a Contra-Indication . With
that Spirit (he recovered.

Mrs. Tain, aged about Thirty five years, was taken very ill
of a Fever, with which fiie had perpetual Vomitings and Stools,
without any refpite. She being in fome time very much weakned
by it, I gave her lome Laudanum at night in a Dolus with T heriac .
Androm. but it had no fuccefs. I order’d her to drink great quan^
tities of Watergruel to wafii away the Caufe, and then gave her
again fome eafie Opiat, which, neverthelefs,fucceeded not. I then gave
her great quantities of Sal Truned. by which fire was much reliev’d,
of her vomiting, and was in fome time by keeping acool Regimen/
very well recovered.

The Introduction

exvii

One Tavey, of about Fifty five years of age, complain’d tome of
a great Oppreflion, or Lump at her Stomach, that fhe could not Of an op-
fwallow nor eat, fhe had likewife a pain there. I durft not give her P^°n at
a Vomit for her weaknefs and age, but I ordered her about Fifteen mach.t0~
gr. of Til. Coch. Min. in two Pills, with which fhe was gently purg’d and
well.

A Cooper had a blow on the Sternum , with a Horfes Foot, which
healing, had a knot or Callus vifible on it, he complain’d of a great
and conftant pain at his Stomach, which had been proof tojeveral
methods us’d by feveral Phyficians. I fufpedfed it might be a de-
preffion of the Cartilago enjtfortnis , and order’d him to be Cupt on Of a de-
it, to endeavour drawing of it to its place. 1 alfo order’d a flicking Preffion oi
Plaiftcr to be drawn violently off of his Breaft, with which he found
relief, but not fo much as when at Sea. I doubted Whether the Cartilage
CompreJJio in congrefju Venereo might not deprefs the Sternum and make £^r,w/jr*
him worfe, he being worfe every morning when at home, and bet¬
ter when he was at Sea ablent from his Wife.

Mr, F — aged about Twenty four, extremely Corpulent and Fat,
us’d to eat very heartily, and drink very hard without any great pre¬
judice. One evening he made a Challenge to another, who thought
himfelf able to bear more drink than he, defiring him before the pre-
fent Company to come to a fair tryal in that matter. They had drank,
by computation, about a Quart and a half before Supper, and at Sup¬
per, in about three quarters of an hours time, drank to, and pledg’d
one another in fix Draughts of Madera Wine, drunk out of fix Ca-
labafhes or Cups, holding each a Quart by meafure( . The drink¬
ing fo hard, and in fo fhort a time, feiz’d this Gentleman all of an
inftant, that his Eyes turn’d in his Head, flood fix’d, and he began of two
to fink down in his Chair. He was carried out of the Room, and Perfons
plac’d in a great arm’d Chair, where he immediately fell into an ex-
traordinary deep Sleep. Nature ftruggling, and making now and quantity
then an effort in the Stomach ro difgorgc what was unwelcome to itofWmc°
both in quantity and quality, was always checkt through his faff
Sleep. I thought I could hear a begun Vomit in the bottom of the
Stomach towards the Oefophagus , but being fo faft afleep, that he
could not give way to it, it was ftopt there, and could get no far¬
ther. He was likewife in danger by his Head hanging in leveral Po*
ftures, whereby in fome the A [per a Arteria might be compreffed, or
the Jugular Veins, that he might be ftrangled. To avoid this I fee
one or two to watch and keep his Head in fuch a pofition as might
hinder thofe Accidents, and forward as much as might be Vomiting,
which I likewife did by thrufting Feathers as long as I could get into

(gg) his

cxviii The Introduction .

his Throat. This help'd the coming away of a great deal of dif-
colour’d mucous matter, which lying behind might have choak’d
him, unlefs he were help’d a little, by keeping his Mouth open with
a great Key thruft between his Teeth, with the Wards turn'd upper-
mod, fo that his Mouth could not be quite fill’d with that Matter.
He foam’d a little at Mouth, and breath’d very high and uneafily,
wherefore apprehending fome imminent and prefent danger of lome
Apople&ic Didemper, I had him very largely bled at the Arm,
which very much calm’d all the Symptoms, efpecially thole
threatning his Life every minute. He was narrowly watch’d all night.

I would have given him a Purge if he could have got it down, but
he was fo fad afleep that it could not be done. He was carried in
a double Sheet, after five or fix hours Sleep, to his Lodgings, and laid
abed, his Head high, and taken great care of left he fhould be
ftrangled. Finding him ftill in great danger of a Plead Dileafe, be¬
ing fpeechlefs, not to be awak’d, 1 gave order that he fhould be
forthwith bled again in the Arm to fome ten or twelve Ounces.
After this he could bring out half a word, and then by degrees came
to fpeak a whole word, than two or three, and fo a Sentence. Then
I gave him fome Til. Cock Min about two Scruples diffolv’d in water,
to clear him of his inflam’d and Iwell’d Throat, as well as of the
diforders of his Head and Stomach* After this had wrought he was
very fcnfible of his efcape, Penitent, and with Tears in his Eyes ex-
prefs’d his concern. He was fcarce yet able to fpeak intelligibly, but
by another Purge next morning, in fome few days he recovered his
Health.

The other, who pledg’d him, had drank lefs by three Pints, and
before he fell afleep had vomited a very great quantity of the
Wine he had drank. He flept till morning, and continued three or
four days very much fluttered or hot headed, without any further
mifchief. Both thefe Gentlemen died lince in England , and, as I
have been told, Shortened their Lives by fuch A&ions.

Mrs. — — aged about Thirty five years, of a yellowifh colour,
had been in an intermitting Fever, for feveral Weeks, which ended
in the Belly-ach. She had a very great pain about the Region of
Qf ,-he the Navil, Conftri&ion of the Belly, high colour’d thick Water,
Belly-ach and frequent pains all over the Body, like thole of Rheumatic
1 i IVn^0 U_ ? e °pl e- S h e had alfo a Naufea or inclination to Vomit, which when for¬
warded (which I generally did in this Difeafe) would eale her fome-
what by emptying the Stomach. She had gone through all Courfes
ordered by leveral Phyficians without fuccefs, I had her bled feveral
times, by which fhe found no great relief, neither did fhe by eafie
Purgers, which although they wrought well, and gave fome im¬
mediate

The Introduction.

cxix

mediate eafe, yet they were far from taking away the Diftemper.
She was extraordinary weak, infomuch that l was forc’d to allow
her Cordial vinous Spirits, Sp. C.C. and feveral things of that kind,
which by their inflaming equalities feem’d to be very prejudicial to
her, although abfoluteiy necdlary in refpedt of her faintnefs. She
had alfo Emulflons of all forts, and becaufe [he could not Sleep a
great while together, I gave her an eafle Opiat without any fuccefs.
1 likewife gave her Purgers with Merc. Dulc. and order’d her Cly-
Ikrs of all forts. Her Diet was Broaths of all kinds, Watergruel,
'&c. I was told flie drank much Brandy and ftrong Liquors,
which I was inclinable to believe, becaufe thefe cooling Remedies
did not at all relieve her. 1 told her a cooling Regimen was much
the beft, but could not hinder her drinking ftrong Liquors, whereby
(lie continued under her Diftemper feveral months. I was told
there was fomething Venereal in it, wherefore I gave her feme Mer¬
curial Purges, fweated her at night, and order’d her a Diet-Drink of
Sarfa , China, <rc. by which {he found fome, but not much relief.
She went into the Country after (lie had loft the ufe of her Limbs.
She recovered them in fome meafure, by degrees, with the help of
the Green With , and fome Salves, and came to her perfect Health.
By this I apprehend fhe was clear of all Venereal infection, but that
ftrong Liquors had been the occafion of the long continuance of this
Malady.

A Turner belonging to Colonel Nedham , of about Forty years of
age, was taken with a great pain about his Navel, he could not
go to Stool, and had a great Naujea , or fqueamifhnels at his Sto¬
mach, which made him Vomit lometimes a fmali quantity of mu-
cous matter. I gave him fome fill. Coch. Min. about fifteen Grains, to * ac *
try whether it would work it down, it did not foon, wherefore
being in pain he fent for another Phyfician, who gave him a Clyfter,
which did not at all eafe him. He fent to me again the next day,

I gave him fome four or five Pills made up of about two Scruples of
$>il. Cock Mm. and order’d him to drink much Watergruel. It
wrought very well, and he was very much eas’d, but his Difeafe
return’d in a fmali time (as it ufually does) and he was in the
fame condition. After fome hard Balls of Excrement or Pellets
had come away by Stool, with the fame Medicines he was perfectly
cured.

A Tailor of Colonel Nedhams was foon after taken ill after the
fame manner, as were likewife moft of the Indians and Blacks about
his Houle, iome whereof fell into this Diftemper by drinking Rum-
Punch, others by other Caufcs. 1 found theaforefaid method with
Extr . (Hud. (Pi/. Coch. Mm. Jalap, Viagrtd, or any Purgers to be very

effectual,

cxx

The Introduction.

effectual, and Clyfters to be feldom beneficial, except fometimes they
were very ftrong, made of Gourd or Tobacco Leaves. Thefe Cly¬
fters are fometimes fo violent as to caule very great diforders, and to
bring after Convulfions death, which has happened to feveral fo af¬
fected. ’Tis very ordinary to have in this Diftemper Relapfes, for
feveral times after one another in fome hours, and at each return,
after the working of purging Phyfick, there are voided Pellets like
Sheeps Dung, as hard as Stones, after which comes eafe, and then
violent pains, whence a neceffity of taking Phyfick, and then the
like Balls or Pellets again. Opiats in this Diftemper feldom relieve,
and are very hurtful in that they flop up the Belly, and give no great
immediate eafeunlefs fometimes when they are mixe with Burgers.
Balfamics are very proper in this Difeafe. 1 us’d to prevent a Re-
lapfc in this Diftemper, to give the Leaves of Sena to about one or
two Drams, to be boild in thin Watergruel, or Chicken Broach,
which keeping the Belly open, they have been reliev’d. This word
(the Belly- ach) is given to feveral Difeal'es, where there are great
pains in the abdomen, as Stone, <src. and always to the Rheumanlm,
and for the moft part this laft is join’d with what orue may call the
true Belly-ach. I think the Belly-ach confiffs of luch varietv of
Symptoms, that there is no curing of it but by feveral Medicines
us’d in a right method, and perfifted in for fome time.

The Turner before- mentioned, in felling a Manfanillo- Tree in the
Woods, fome of the Milk fpurted into his Eye, whereby it was ex¬
tremely fore and inflam’d, and in a nights time the Eyelids were fo
^*nEin~ fwell’d and glu’d together by the gumminefs of the Milk, that he
from the could not open them. I order’d him to be immediately bled, gave
him a ftrong Purge of ExtraBum tftyd. and order’d him to wee his
Eye very often in cold water, keeping a wet brown cold Paper to his
Eyes, When one Paper was hot a frefh cold wet one was put on,
to hinder a defluxion on the Eyes, and to cool an*d take away the
acrimony of the Humours came that way, and occafion’d great pain,
heat, and reftleflhefs. Thefe things being done, in three days he
was cured.

Milk of
the Man/a-
nillo-TxQQ.

One fent for me to her Daughter, about Fourteen years of aae,
file was ftrangely diftorted in her Fingers, and at every joint there
was a white lwelling round about it. She had likewife feveral
Ulcers on her Feet, and was fo Lame that fhc was forc’d to ule
Crutches, and could fcarce ftir with them, I was told by her Mo¬
ther, that thefe Difafters had come on her after the Small- pox, (he
Of the not being purg’d, (he feem’d likewife to have fome fnuffling in her
Lues Vene- nope< jc was thought fhe came into the World, when her Mother
was tainted with fome Species of the Lues Venerea , but her Mother

would

The Introduction.

cxxi

would not hear of Fluxing, I gave her about Fifteen Grains of Til
Cock Min. which fhe took every Week twice, and about Fifteen
Drops of Sp. C C. every intermediate day. I continued this Courle
for feveral Weeks, only in lieu of Til Ccch . fhe took fome powdered
Jalap, and by this means, in feme time, fhe by degrees recovered
her Health, and was able to go about her Bufinefs, climb Trees, and
throw away her Crutches, The Tumours on the Fingers, and
Joints fubfiding, fhe grew every where well, except one fmall Sore
in the bottom of her Foot, which was not skin’d. I order’d her for
that Ulcer to be purg’d, and a DecoEium China , but no Chirurgeon
taking care of it, neither fhe keeping a good Diet, but eating Pep¬
per,^. fhe grew worfe. In this cafe I left her, neither did l
believe fhe would recover without fluxing, this Difcafe being, as I
thought, a Species of the Lues Venerea.

Her Mother was very weak, and complain’d to me of great pains,
that fhe could nor Sleep in the night, and could fcaice walk about.

She was old, very weak and Paralytic. I gave her fome eafie
Purges, and had her bled without any relief. She was not ca¬
pable of enduring a Flux, for fhe could not be patient. I gave her
fome 01. Chym . T^rifmar . fhe found no relief. I ordered her about
fifteen Grains of Jalap, to be taken next morning. I went then to
fee her, and found fhe had vomited, was in cold Sweats, and fpeech-
lels. I gave her fome Sp. C. C. and burnt Wine, but fhe grew Of a Sali-
worfe. I would have given her an Opiat, but fhe could notvatlon*
f wallow it. Notwithftanding fhe recovered, and Spit as if Hie had

been lalivated for a great while after. I fufpe£ted, becaufe fhe had
formerly taken the fame Dole of Jalap feveral times without any fuch
effects, that either defignedly to do her good, or malicioufly to Poifon
her, her Negro Woman had chang’d the powdered Jalap for fome
Merc. Suhlimat. Corrofiv . or fome luch other violent Medicine. A*
bout a month after fhe died, but of what, or how, I know not.

AnOveifeer belonging to Colonel Tjves^ aged about forty years,
had been leveral times troubl’d with the Belly-ach, after curing of
which, for fome confiderablc time, he was ufually blind. This
blindnefs had now been on him, after this Fit, for fome months, and
he was very much difcolour’d in his Face and Skin. I advis’d him to
Bleed, and next day Purge with Til. Cock Min t which he did. I Of blinds
alfo gave him an Eleofacck ^ orifmarin . Sc Sp.C.C. in great cjuanti-
ties thrice a day. He took likewife fome 01. Succini , defigning by ach.
thefe Remedies to remove the Obftrudtion of the Optic nerve, and
envigorate his Spirits, his Eyes having no outward vifiblc Difeafe.

I bhlter’d his Neck, and although I continued fome days in this

( h h ) courfe,

cxxii The Introduction.

courfe, yet no fuccefs follow'd thefe Medicines. I order’d him to
take about fifty live Millepedes in a Glafs of Water twice a day. He
did this fome days, found his Eyes much ftrengthened, but would
not flay any longer. I gave him directions when he went into the
Country, but know not what became of him afterwards. I have
feen total blindnefs come many times in the Belly-ach, both in Ja¬
maica, on the way thither, and in England. There is no blemifh
to be feen in the Eye, but it (eems the Morbific Matter is tranflated up
to the Head. I never law any but what recovered their fight after¬
wards by proper Remedies. Convulfions are likewife ordinary in
this Dileafe, but I think they are much a worfe fign than blindnefs.

One Henry , a Negro, Overfeer of Colonel (Ballards, much given
to Venery, fell into a blindnefs by degrees, fo that he could fee very
little at any diftance, nor well near at Hand. I look'd very earneftly
on his Eyes, but could not fee any blemifh. 1 advifed him to be
Of a bad very Chad for fome time, and had him cup'd and fcarified in the
exceffive™ Shoulders, bliftcr'd in the Neck feveral times (which I account more
Venery. effectual then a Seton becaufe there is a fudden great Evacuation of
ferous Matter in the one, and but a flow and habitual fmall dif-
charge in the other) gave him great quantities of Sp. C. C. and Mi¬
llepedes without any relief. After a great many Weeks perfifting in
this Courfe, and ufe of feveral Cephalic Oils, by way of Eleofac-
chara, I gave him an EleCtuary made of Steel, tsrc. and order'd him
a Regimen proper for a Steel Courfe. By this in fome time he by
degrees recover'd his Eye- fight, and found them very much ftreng¬
thened every way. He was fent into the Country to mind the Plan¬
tation bufinefs as formerly, whither he went provided with a quan¬
tity of his EleCluary, and I never heard he had a Relapfe, which in
all likelihood 1 fliould have done had his Diftemper return'd 5 for
Planters give a great deal of Money for good Servants, both black
and white, and take great care of them for that Reafon, when they
come to be in danger of being difabled or of Death.

Fluxes and Diarrheas of all kinds, as well as Dy (emeries or bloody
Fluxes, are at all times here very common to all manner of People.
As for Fluxes, provided they be moderate and within bounds, I
always avoided flopping them, but rather if I faw that they went
on eafily, Cum bona <egri tolerantid , gave fome innocent Remedy, or
Of Fluxes/ome eafie Medicine to help it forward. This is one of the moft
Diarrheas, ufual and Salutary ways Nature disburthens its felfof Morbific Mat-
terts.Dj^tc r, ocherwife might occafion great Diforders. But if a great

Fever be|join'd, or if there be fo great an Evacuation that the Perfon
is grown weak, I us'd to order the Perfon to be immediately bled for

the

The Introduction. cxxiii

the Fever .Very often in this, as well as in the Belly-ach, there is an in¬
flammation in the Guts, which occaflons a Gangreen if not timely reme¬
died. This appears frequently upon the Difle&ions of difeafed Bodies.

I ha?e not only feen this in Men, Women and Children, but in
Horfes. 1 1 ufed to order Rice to be boil’d in Water for ordinary
Drink, and the Rice eat with Milk, as alfo frequently to give De-
coHum Album for the ordinary drink of the Patient, or fome Greta al-
biffima , or fine Chalk powdered, and made the fame way into a
Drink as the Hartfflorn Calcin’d in the DecoElum Album is wont to
be us’d. I would put to it fome times Bolus Armen, and likewile
give half an Ounce of thefePowders twice or thrice a day, and
ufually in the Evenings a Bolus of Diafcordium or Tl)er. Andr. with
an eafie Opiat of liquid or folid Laud according to the Age of the
Patient* If the Loofenefs continued long,, it ufually waffled away
the Mucus inteftinalis corroded the Guts, and ended in a Dyfentery,
for which I give, after bleeding feveral times, the fame Medicines,
as for a Diarrhea. It is very ordinary after eating Shell- fiffl, as Con¬
ches, Oifters or Crabs, by people thrown on Cayos, Defert Ifiands
or Rocks by Shipwrack, and feeding on thefe for their only fufte-
nance, to fall into Fluxes and Loofenefles, greater or lefler according
to the time they have continued on fuch places. I had one under my
care, who had been Shipwrackt fo on fome Cayos on the North fide
of Hijpaniola , going to the great Plate Wreck, whom I could very
fcarcely recover with all the abovefaid methods feveral months per-
fifted in, and with Bees Wax inwardly given. He took alfo Rhu¬
barb in Powder without fuccefs. On taking of the Wax form’d into
Pills it came away by Stool the fame way that it was taken in,
without much alteration. I faw once in Jamaica in the latter end
of a Ththijis one Dram of Rhubarb, with five of Terra Sigillata ,
fome Conjeti. de Hyacinth, and Cinamon- water, do very well when
nothing elfe could flop a dangerous Diarrhoea, but the vertue of it
only continued for lome fmall time. I have known in Epidemic
Dyfentcries Flower boil’d in Milk, with fome Wax (crap’d into it, do
very great Cures. But by the abovefaid Medicines, fome, or all
of them, I have cur’d hundreds in Jamaica of thefe Diftempers. Pa¬
per boil’d in Milk was us’d in France, in Diarrhoeas infefting the Ar¬
my, with very great fuccefs. This I was aflur’d by an Officer in the
French Army at Tolou/e ,

Mrs. Halfiead , aged about forty years, of a clear Complexion,
was very much troubled with flufhings in her Face, and (mail lumps,
which by drinking Water, or cool Drinks, which ffle thought would Of fllufh-
remedy them, fhe grew worfe. I order’d her to drink as much Wine as p J>ein che
ufual, and to be bled, after which fhe was purged with Extr* %ud.

“ and

CXX'iV

Of the
Itch.

Of Chego
and the
Confe¬
ct uences
them.

The Introduction.

and then took an Emulfion of the cold Seeds, with which fhe was
moft violently purged. After bleeding, purging, and the ufe of
fome eafie Diaphoretics, I gave her a mixture of Allum and Sulpb.
Viv. powdered. Thefe mix'd and ty’d up in a Linnen Cioath, I
ordered her to dip in water, and then to rub on her Face feveral
times a day. This Medicine being continued for a great while, fhe
was perfectly well of that troublefome Diftempcr.

_ A Laundrey Maid, was troubled very much with the

(pruritus or Itch, it rofe in fmall little whales, all over her Body, efpeci-
ally between the Fingers, and was uneafie both by its Itching and
unfeemlinefs. 1 bled and purg’d her, ordered her for three mornings
and nights, to take one Dram of Flor.Sulpb. in any Vehicle, and then
to anoint herfelf with Ung. ex Oxylapatb. in which powder’d Sulpb.
Viv. is mixt with fome Drops of Chymical Oil of Saffafras , to take
away the fmell. Every night before fhe rub’d, fhe took a little
Flor. Sulpb. inwardly. With thefe things {he was cured.

I found an uneafinefs, forenefs, or pain in one of my Toes,
as if a fmall Inflammation or Tumour had been there rais’d by the
preflure of fome part of my Shoe. I had a Negro , famous for her
ability in fuch cafes, to look upon it, who told me it was a Chego. She
S} (who had been a Queen in her own Country) open’d the Skin with a
Pin above the (welling, and carefully feparated the Tumour from
of the Skin, and then pull’d it out, putting into the Cavity whence it
came, fome Tobacco Afhes which were burnt in a Pipe {he was
fmoaking. After a very fmall fmarting it was cured.

This Tumour is accounted of two forts, either poifon’d or not
poifon’d, both are about the bignefs of a fmall Field Pea, being al-
moft round. They have a few Fibres, by which they are fattened
to the Flefh as by a Root. That call’d poifbn’d has a black fpot
in it, and is accounted worfe than the other to cure. They contain,
within a thick Skin, a great number of fmall Eggs or Nits, white, and
crackling when bruis’d. Thefe arc the Spawn of a lmall blackifh
fort of Loufe or Flea, which harbours its felf and lives in Dully or
unclean places. The Mother, I apprehend, puts and inlinuates thefe
Eggs under the Skin of Men and Women, as other Infers do their
Eggs into the Barks or Leaves of Trees. They infeft the Feet of
mofl People under the Nails of the Toes, or any where about the
Heel. If thefe infers be left to themfelves they will Spawn and
multiply in the Feet to great numbers, and bring bad Acccidents,
which 1 think come rather from the depending of the part than any
poifonous quality of this Infedt or Air.

A

7 he Introduction.

cxxv

A very neat Lady had one of thefe Bags bred in one of her

Toes, part of it was by a Black taken out with a Pin, but it feems
not the whole Bag, (as ic ought to have been) She complain’d of Tome
pain therewith, which by her walking about inflam’d very much.
She flhew’d it me, I advis’d her to keep her Bed, and to drefs it with
a little ling. Pafilicum and Precipitate, putting over this Liniment
fome 'Diapalma Plaifter. By thefe in fome Weeks time the feftering
was gone, and fhe with Ample Pajilicum cur’d with keeping her Bed,
or Leg up, for on the leaf!: hanging down, it would inflame again.
Although fhe was well in her Toes, yet (he had a (welling rofe in
her Knee about the Patella , it was very painful and red, as if
Wind were under the Skin. I thought, it being a dangerous Place
for an Ulcer, it was befb to Bleed and Purge, thereby to hinder a
defluxion of Humours to the part. This being not my proper bufinefs,

I committed her to the care of a Chirurgeon, who applying Poul-
tcfles, <src. to it, it broke and kept running for a long time, after

I • f ■ • •?! •! 11 w

A little Negro Boy, by leaping off a high place at Twelve years
of Age, drain’d his Knee, whence came a puffing, foft, painful Tu- of a s weU
mour, red and large. This being an ill place for a fwelling, becaufe linS in chd
of the Patella , and its being a depending part, I order’d him to ^nee*
be bled prefently, to be purg’d the next day, and to keep up the
Knee. By another Purge or two his Knee healed, the Swelling fal¬
ling by degrees without any fign of an Apoftem.

An old Woman of Seventy years of Age, complained to me fhe
had not made water in a fortnight, her Belly was very much
fwell’d. I gave her a Dole of Jalap, by which fhe noc only went Of the
to Stool, but made Water very plentifully. I order’d her a Bath of ^
fair Water and Cultlu , to fit in it lukewarm. She continued well jalap upon
for a while, but then, as I heard, died, I luppofe, with Age, and the Serum
weaknefs. The like Operation as is above related I have found fe- ^ t hde
veral times on the giving of Jalap, and lometimes I have obferved
a contrary effect, though from a different Caule, which was, that

it had by great purging lo drain’d the Serum from the Blood by Stool,
that none remained in a Day or more, to cortie by Urine.

I was call’d to one who made extraordinary complaints of very Of the
great pain in the botcom of her Belly ; fhe could not make water,
nor had in ieveral days. I gave her iome Sal PruneL and put her der, taken
into a Bach of Culilu and fair Water lukewarm. She vomited, and for the
had all the Symptoms of the Stone in the Bladder, although fhe Bwll} 'a^’

took

CXXV1

The Introduction.

cock it for the Belly-ach, and call’d ic fo. Her ordinary Phyfician
returning to take care of her, I went no more near her, nor know I
what became of her.

Of a

From Tome parts of Guinea , as is before related, come Negros
troubled with Worms, they are flat and long, fomeching like the
Lumbricus Terrejlris , and lodge amongft and in the mufcular Flefli.
,,, . 1 faw one who had one of thefe Worms in his Thigh, half an Inch

the mufeu- or the end of it was hanging out, which was flat and blackifh, and
laf2srlefll t^ere ^ucc^ out a t^1^n lchor by its fides. I was told chat the only
coining a Remedy for this Diftemper was to draw it out by degrees every day
hom l'ome fome upon a round piece of Wood, as a piece of Tape or Ribband.
g«/wL°* After they have pull’d ic all out, they apply a Plaifler to the part. 1
was allured that if any part of this Worm, which is tender and very
long, and requires great care in the management of it, fliouid chance
to break within the Skin, chat there follows an incurable Ulcer.

Of the
Yaws.

A Negro lufty Fellow, was taken ill of the Taws, he had not been
long from Guinea , and was all broke out into hard whitifli fwellings,
Fome greater, fome letter, from the bignefs of a Bean to that of a Pins
Head, of which laft fize there were many which appear’d like the
Glands of the Skin fwell’d and whice. When thefe Tumours are large,
they are ufually white at top, from fome of the Cuticula and Hu¬
mours dried lying in Scales over it, and fometimes they weep out an
Ichor. At other times the Ulcers are much larger. They likewile
complain fometimes of great pains in the Bones, and this Fellow,
whom I cur’d, was broke out very much about the Penis, Scrotum ,
and Elbows. I flux’d him by Un&ion in the Corner of an Out-
Houfe, feeding him with as much Watergruel as he could eat or drink.
The Flux proceeding as ic ought to do, he was quite clear’d of this
filthy Diftemper, only on his Elbow he had one lwelling, not quite
dry, to which I applied calcin’d Vitriol, which made the Scales fall
off, and heal as the reft.

This Diftemper is thought to be contagious, and to be communi¬
cated from one to another, from Blacks to Whites, and from Parents
to Children, but I cou’d n’t obferve ic to be more or lefs contagious than
the Pox. There are few Plantations without feveral of thele Difeas’d
Perfons, who are ufually cur’d as above. Though ’tis commonly
thought that fluxing does not cure without Relaple, yet I, by whac
1 could obferve, find it does, and do believe the return of this Dif-
eafe comes from their not being thoroughly flux’d by anointing, or
by being kept too warm, or wrong treated afterwards, whence fome
Remains oi ic flaying behind in the Body, thefe Dregs by Degrees
bring the fame Diftemper again.

Ic

The Introduction. cxxvii

It is commonly thought that this Diftemper is curable without
fluxing by Purgers, but I could never find it To, or that there were
what is pretended by many, Negros who underftand by Tome Sped-
fic Herbs to root it out. I believe that Ptirgers, &c, may, as in the
Pox, take away home of the Symptoms for a while, fo that fometimes
they may not appear in a confiderable time, and afterwards may
fhew themfelves the fame as at firft. Some forts of this Diftemper
feem to me to be the Elepbantiafis or true Leprofie of the Antiencand
Arabian Phyficians. Others faid to have this Difeafe were plainly
Scrophtilous , or had the Kings* Evil ; and moft faid to have it, had
the Lues Venerea . Though this Difeafe is thought to be propagated
by ordinary Convention, or trampling with the bare Feet on the
Spittle of thofe affe<5ted with it, yet it is moft certain, that it is
moftly communicated to one another by Copulation, as fome other
contagious Difeafes are.

Several Negros belonging to Mr. (Batchelor , had after Rain gather’d
Mufhrooms, and eat them plentifullyin their Pepper-pots, or vglids.
whence they all fell into a vomiting and purging with great anxiety. Of the bad
They after a while recover’d ,all except one. He had,befides the afore- of
faid Symptoms, fuch as are common .to a Rheumatifm from in- rooms.
flam’d Blood. His Head was very much affedted, having a Vertigo ,

&rc, on which accounts, as well as the others, he was immediately
bled. I order’d him a Contemperating cooling Diet, to take off
the Heatand Acrimony of the Blood, as drinking much water, (src ,
and in a while, he was perfectly well of his pains as well as Diarrhea,
which had continued on him a great while after his eating the Mufti-
rooms. Mackarels faked, and beat up with Soot and Salt into a
Poultefs applied to the Feet, were ufed in this cafe, and are reckon’d
to draw very powerfully from the Head. Several Gentlemen, fome
years before, were all very dangeroufly ill after eating Muftirooms,
and ohe died : the Symptoms ail fliewing (as I was informed) great
Inflammation of the Blood and inward parts.

Alufty ftrong Negro Woman belonging to Captain Halfiead , had ofcheZ*w
a very unfeemly fuperficial Ulcer on her Wrift. She had likewife Vtnerta.
one on her Forehead, and pains all over her Body. She alfo fpoke
a little through her Nofe, and brought thence very often fome mu¬
cous Matter. I falivated her in the corner of an Ouc-houle, by Un-
<5tion, and delired ftie might be fed with as much Watergruel as (he
could eat, whereby in a Months Time (he was quite cured. She had
been in the Hands of feveral Phyficians, who did not apprehend this
to be the Pox, and therefore had in vain given her ieveral iorts of
Phyfick.

Wellington

cxxviii

The Introduction.

Wellington, a Boy of feventeen years of Age, , had a <Bitho rofe in
Iris Groin. I advis'd immediately the ripening of it, as the means to
prelerve him from the Pox, which not being done, he broke out all
over. 1 could not get any to receive him into their Houfe, becaule
of the Difeafe, nor a Nurfe to look after him, but a Mulatto, who
after his Flux was rais’d, negledled him in not giving him fufficient
, Drink (src. Notwithftanding his Salivation went pretty well on,
vation, af- and he was clear’d all over. Being neglefted by his Nurfe, fome
ter which body brought him Tarts, made of unripe Fruit, which he eat. By
“d this means and coming into the Air, his Flux ftoptin fome meafure,
Muinfie. buc with care his Salivation returned, and he came abroad well. He
drank Wine prefemly to fuch excefs that he made him felf Mad. A
'Tertian Fever, which was very Epidemical, likewife feiz d him. To
the other Symptoms of this Fever in him, was join d a fwell d Throat,
which increas’d to that degree in this perfon , who had by occafion of
his late Salivation, a dilpofition to the Humours coming that way,
that he fell into a Quinfie, and fo died.

■ . ... ** - : ! - n 3 r.

Gonorrheas of all forts amongft Men and Women are very com¬
mon here, efpecially in Plantations amongft Negroes . They com¬
plain firft of the great heat of their water, zsrc. and have the fame
Symptoms as in Europe. I us’d to purge with Mere. Dul. and Til.
Cock Min. which took away moft of the Symptoms. If thefe
Medicines did not take place I gave Vomits of Infuf. Croc. MetalL
or Tnrpeth. Mineral, which in fome time never failed the Cure of any,
cither Man or Woman, with the ufe of Emulfions. I never gave
Adftringents, becaufe there is no certainty in this method when the
Cure is perfect. It is generally believed' in Europe , that Gonorrheas
and the Tox, are with more eafe, and fooner, cured in Jamaica and
hot Countries, than in Europe. I was of the opinion of the genera¬
lity of the World when I went to Jamaica , but found as the Difeafe
was propagated there the fame way, and had tne lame Symptoms
and Courle amongft Europeans , Indians and Negroes , io it requir’d
the fame Remedies and time to be cur d.

A black Man, of about forty Years of Age, told me he had great
Of the pains about his Navel, fo that he could not ileep, he was in a cold
13elly-ach. gweat, in great pain, and had not been at Stool in four days. I gave
him immediately about fifteen Grains of Til Cock Mm. on which he
found iudden relief, for it wrought four oi five times in the night, he
taking it pretty late about fix a Clock at night. "I be next day 1 gave
him about fix Grains of the fame Pill to preferve him from a Re-

lapfe, and in three or four days obferving that method he was well.

*. .. . . . . * " “ *' One

The Introduction, cxxix

One Mount ague , a Shoemaker, aged forty five, complain’d of a Of an cP-
great oppreflion at his Stomach. I gave him Infuf. croci Metal, an ac

Ounce, and Syr. Cariophyll. 2- 5. ad gratiam . He took it, it wrought mach/°'
very well upwards and downwards, and he was cured.

I was fent for to a Servant of about Twenty years of Age. His
Miftrefs had given him a Vomit of an InfuJ . Croc . Metal. It had of an
wrought him upwards and downwards, till he was leized wither otca-"
the Cramp, and violent pains in his Hands and Feet. He was in a fion’d by
cold Sweat, and his Pulfe faint. The Miftrefs, for her vindication,
ordered her Servant to fhow me how much fhe had given, who Crocus Me-
pour’d the Infufion out muddy. I perceiv’d the caufe oi the Supe tallorum .
Purgation to come from the Powder, or the fubftance of the Crocus
Metallorum , having been taken inftead of the clear Infufion. I or¬
der’d him burnt Wine, and defign’d to have given him an Opiat, but
he was well without it.

Mr. Thomas owe , about Forty five years of age, fent for me in
Feb. 1688. I was told he had the Belly-ach. He complain’d very
much of a great oppreffion at his Stomach, and of a load there, he
vomited every thing he took, whether Liquids or Solids, had a pale
yellow look, and the whites of his Eyes were yellow, he had been
fick a month. I concluded it to be the Jaundice in a great meafure, Of an op-
and gave him about fifteen Grains of (Pi/. Coch. Min. made into two Pr^ffion aG
Pills, to try whether by that means the Stomach might not be macl/and
emptied of its Load, an irritation at the fame time made in the Guts Vomiting,
to lolicite the excrements downwards, contrary to that motion in him
from the Stomach upwards, which was preternatural. Immediately
the Pills came up. I therefore ordered him next morning to have
thin Watergruel ready to work off a Vomit eafily, which according¬
ly was done very early, becaufe of the hear. His Vomit was Infuf .

Croc. Metal. Six Drams, Syr. Cariophyl.Q^S. ad gratum faporem. This
wrought very well, firft upwards, then downwards, and he found
himfelf very much reliev’d and eas’d. I follow’d the Ifroak, and
gave him next morning Fifteen Grains of fil. Coch. Min. in two Pills,
they wrought him pretty feverely, but he found himfelf reliev’d of
all his Dileafes except weaknefs. I wifh’d him to get this off by
taking an exadt care of his Diet, that it were eafie of Digeftion and
pleafant to his Palate, and that he fihoujd very carefully avoid taking
away any Blood or making ufe of Phyfick till further occalion.

Mr* f(tdley a Painter, fent for me, he complain’d of great pains
in all his Mufcles and Flefih, he look’d very ill, and was yellow,

( k k ) eipecially

A

The Introduction.

huTrfhiTEyes, vomited often, and went feldom
m Stool He told me he had pains in his Sides, ana that he had been
bW,wicer.,.h».

Of an op- half a Dram in a Glafs of water, he took it had a Stool, and Was
predion at >. 0f puns. His inclinations to Vomit continued violent,
the uSt°: i wherefore I gave him the Vomit ptefcribed in the laft Obfetvation.
toft of The "phis immediately reliev’d him of his vomiting, and after it had
ul'e of thewr0Upht well both upwards and downwards, he loft altcgener
the ule of his Hands and Feet, but was very much at eafe. I defn d
him to take now and then fome <Pil Cocb. Mm. about Seven Grams in
one Pill, to keep his Body open for fear of a Relapfe, which he did.

He complain’d of fainting Fits, and cold Sweats, especially on
ftrivino to get up to Stool. 1 gave him a Cordial to cake now an
then alpoonful or two of, when faint or cold. It was made of
jta. Epidem. font, of each Four Ounces, Syr. Campbyl. & S.ad gra-
twn faporem. He recovered by thefe Medicines his health and ftreogen

very well.

I was on the eighteenth of February 1688. m the evening con-
fulted for a Child of a year old. It was breeding 1 eeth , had lix or
Of Con- feven Convuffions the fame (Jay and had been cup d 1 ga’e tw°
vulfion Spoonfuls of the following mixture to the Child, and order d it o
rhiid * 3 be repeated every fourth hour. Recipe 01. Succm. Opt.gutt. tv. Saccbar.

' alb 0 S. fiat Eleofaccbarum. Sp. C. C. gtt. iv. Cmnab. gr. rv. aq. font.
nndTquaL M. I left a Bottle of the Spirit of Hartftiorn for the
Child to fmell to, if it had any more Fits, and ordered bliftenng m
the Neck. They neglefted this, and pretended that the Fits came
fo fail on the Child that it could not be done. On the nineteenth
in the morning they fent for another Phyfician, and about noon the
Child died. The Fathers name was Green .

A Child about Ten years of age was brought to me by the Mo-
Of a Ferti- ther which had had for fome days fo great a Vertigo that it could noc
go. 20 alone for reeling. I immediately ordered it to be bled, to Seven

Ounces, out of any appearing Vein, and the next morning I gave
the Purge following. (fiecipe Majf. ftl. Cocb. Mm. gr. 1 5 . d. 11.
fi devlmire pdulas non poffit dtffolve m S. {Ljiq. font. <Ur f. potto. A.ter

this the Child was well.

One IJaac, belonging to the Crawle Plantation, was taken very
ill he had a Vomiting and Loofenefs, which had been violent on
him for fome time, and had weakned him confiderably. I gave him
fome Liq. Laud, which ftopt the Vomiting, and fome ty. C. C. to
ftrengthen him, By the ul'e and repetition of thefe Medicines on

The Introduction.

cxxxi

occafion he recover’d very well, but would not be perfuaded to
rife out of Bed. He thought himfelf very ill, that he fliould not
live, but certainly dye of this Illnefs, his mind being very much of one
funk within him, I ad vis d the People shout him to chest him as who dyed
much as poflible, to eafe his mind, and get hjm up out of Bed of iU
He died being very morofe and Teem'd to have no Diftemper hfsHealth
on him but Sullennefs and Melancholy, and though I took much and Me-
pains to examine him nicely, I could find no l^ifeafe, but only IanchoIy-
he (aid he was fure , fay what 1 could, that he would not recover.

The Paffionsof the Mind, both Hope and Fear, have a very great
influence on the Body;

1 1 ] • \ 3 * -i . . ; ■ -■! \ ' _ • x

A Lady about Thirty five years of Age, little, of a Sanguine
Conftitution, the Mother of many Children, at the Birth of each
of them had fo copious a Flux of the Lochia that it endanger’d her
life. She had about a month of her Reckoning yet to come,
when, without any extraordinary occafion, (he was taken with
great pains, as if (he were to be delivr’d ; they were foon follow’d
by a very copious Flux of Blood. I was fent for, and took with
me all manner of Adftringents, as well as Forcers, to endeavouring. °° ’
the Birth of the Child, for in fuch a cafe when the Foetus keeps
the capacity of the Uterus diftended, ’tis impoflible to flop the
Flux of Blood till the Woman is delivr’d. Therefore if the flood-
ing be not cafily ftopt, the beft way is to force it away, whereby
the Veflels of the Uterus being corrugated, the Blood by degrees
flops of its fclf. This muft be endeavour’d by all means without
delay, for in the Blood is the Life. Though I haftened all I could
fhe was expiring when I came, and had fuffered a very extraordinary
Flux of Blood, was delivered three quarters of an hour before (he
died, and had been bled fome hours before. If this dangerous
Diftemper had been timely remedied, by forcing the Child away,
the Mother might in all human probability have been fav’d. It is
ordinary that the Menttru* Turgationes here, are both lefs in quan¬
tity, and continue for a (hotter time than they do in Europe.

Mrs. Aylmer, aged about Thirty five years, a fpare lean Woman,
giving fuck to one of her Children Thirteen months old, was taken
very ill in an Epidemic Conftitution of an intermitting Fever; The
Varoxifms returned fometimes every day, and at other times every Of an In-
other day. She had gone through feveral Febrifuge Courfes of Vo- termitting
mits, Gentian-Roots, Centaury the lefler tops, Carduus <Bened. Swea* Fever’
ters, <?c. without relief. She complain’d of her feveriflmels and a
pain on the Region of her Spleen, which was fomewhat fweH’d.

The Fits of her Fever dectcafed upon taking the Core. <Peru. I ad¬
vis’d

CXXXI!

The Introduction.

vis’d her to wean her Child, both on her own, and the Childs ac¬
count (he being weak, and her Milk perhaps not very healthy, but
flie would not. I advis'd her to a gentle Vomit, bitter Draughts,
and what I moll relied on, a Steel Courfe, with which (he reco-
vered perfealy her Health. She was lometime after taken 111 of a
Quinfie, which by Bleeding and Purging was taken off, the {wel¬
ling was not very dangerous, being not fo much in the Throat,
as Mandibles and Cheeks.

of a -Tick- Loventy, a very fenfible Negro Woman of Colonel tBallards, com-
nefs at Stc- very much of a great illnels, at and about her Stomach,

mach‘ with which fhe was always out of order. I gave her a Vomit of
Infuf Croc, Metal, fweetned with Syr. Cariophyll. which working very
well, flie was cur d of all her Indiipofitions had lurk d about her lor
feveral years. When tough and phlegmatic humours opprefs the
Stomach, ’tis hard to remove them but by a Vomit. The realon
is, becaufe the way out of the Stomach by the Oefopkagu* is fliort and
iiraight, by the Guts it is long, and thefe humours are apt to Rick
in their many turnings and Cells.

Sore Eyes, inflam’d, and painful, are very ordinary here. I was
always t he more fearful of an inflammation of the Eyes, in that i
have obferv d moft Dileales of the Eyes, and even fometimes a
Cataraa to begin with an Inflammation there. I therefore imme-
diatcly order’d fuch perfons to be bled, and purg’d fo often as feem’d
and other requiflte, wliich with buffering in the Neck feldom mils’d to cure
Difeifesof of t’hcm) uniefs t[,e diftempercame by much Venery, which

‘ was not to be cur’d any other way but by thefe Medicines and Ab-
ftinence from it. I ufed outwardly to drop into the Eyes a little
Rofe-watcr, into which is put the fubtile powder of Lapis Cala¬
mi, uris, Tutia. Thefe Powders are made fine by mixing them
with Rofe- water, and letting the grofs powder fubfide, thefineand
impalpable remaining in the Body of the water. Whites of Eggs
beat up with Alum is good applied outwardly, fo is Lime-juice
and water. But a Mucilage of ffylliumSeeds, Quince-Seeds, Saffron,
and Lin Seed, is much more Anodine in hurts than any other.
Any Powder in (uch a cafe grates the tender Eye, is very painful,
and increafes the Inflammation. Whites of Eggs flick fo faff to
the Eyelids, that the force ufed in pulling them off fometimes in-
jures the Eye.

of A Black Boy of John loungs , about twelve years of Age, was

Worms ,l very ill of an Epidemic Tertian , there was very little intermiffion.
cured by 1 gave him the Cortex Teruv. as ulually. He voided a great c^uan-
ta^°rUZj ticy of Worms by Stool, and was perfealy cured.

Mrs. !Bal-

The Introduction, cxxxiii

A young Gentlewoman ,about Twelve years of Age, had for fevera!
months a few Puftles broke out on the hairy Scalp, they were red,
and when dry’d turn’d into (mail Scabs or Scurf. I thought it was
beft to Cure them cautioudy, and had her firft bled to about Six
Ounces. She was the next day purg’d with Jalap in Chocolate, and Of a fcab
afterwards took for fome Weeks Flos Sulph. in the morning and
evening, drinking after it a good draught of Diet Drink. I thought Head,
it fafe after thefe Medicines to anoint the eruptions with ling, ex
Oxylapatb. made thick with Flos Sulpk There was d rop’d fome Oil
of Rhodium into it, to take off the ill fmeil. This Ointment was
rub’d firft all over the Head, then on any place where any fpot ap¬
pear’d, obferving the eruptions carefully for a while. She was per¬
fectly cured.

I was defir’d to look on a Servant of Mrs. Copes , he had been very of a great
weary, and by advice of fome ignorant Perlon wafh’d his Feet and of die
Legs in a DecoCtion of Phyfick- Nut-Tree- Leaves , whereby the Legs and
whole Feet and Legs were rais’d into inflam’d Blifters, fome of^ea^.by
which were turn’d into fuperficiai Ulcers. I advis’d the voiding thcSemTn a
hot Serum by clipping cfpen the Bladders, applying fome (Bafiliciwi, Hecoftion
and at the fame time to Purge with Jalap feveral times. To hinder ^ur-Tree-
the Defluxion of Humours into the part, J advifed keeping of it Leaves,
up, for which purpofe lying in Hamaca is very effectual. He was'
cured.

A Gentleman, aged about Forty years, had been very much given
to Venery and Drinking. His Face was yellowifh, his Belly very
much fwcli’d, he could not deep nor make water, had no Stomach,
and complain’d of great uncafinefs, efpecially in his Back. I purg’d
him with Jalap, which was too weak. 1 therefore gave him fome Of a
Diagridium about Two Scruples, which wrought very plentifully, butDroPiie°
did no good, his Belly continuing as much [well’d as ever. He cook
all manner of Clyfters and Diuretics, but without any fuccefs. I was
for perfifting in purging Medicines, and after the watery humours
had been voided, I had refolved to have given him Steel Medicines,
not forgetting bitter Stomachics and Exercife. He was perfuaded
out of this method to take Steel, and fome Alterative Arcana $„ which
ftopt up his Belly, fo that in a great many days he had not been at
Stool nor (lept. I gave him in thefe Circumftances a Dole of Jalap
and Diagridium mixt, which wrought very well, and at night a very
cadc Opiat, with which he dept very well. He was perluaded to
alter my Medicines, and took a ftrong Opiat, as I believe, for he
came to Town dos;d, had dept all the way, and could fearce be

(11) awak’d

cxxxiv The Introduction.

awak’d till he died. I had him bliftered, gave him ftrong Purgers,
held irritating Medicines to his Nofe, and did all things I could
think of to raife him out of his Sleep, but to no purpofe.

Intermitting Fevers of all kinds, were very Epidemic all over the
Ifland when I was there, fo that the third part of Mankind were
taken ill of them, from Children at the Bread to old aged People.
They were generally very violent, fo that idle talking, light-headed-
nefs, <src, were ordinary, and they very feldom yielded to any of
the common febrifuges, but generally grew worfe on the ule of
them, and laded a very great while. In thefe Fevers if the Per-
fon died not by the violence of the Fever, but recovered, they
were often very much difcolourd, fallow, Cachedtic, and ufually
had fwellings in the left Sides, called Ague Cakes, which Were
very painful, and in time kill’d them. At other times a Dropfe
follow’d, which rarely mifsd, but certainly brought death. Thefe
intermitting Fevers, and drinking extravagantly, I look on to be
the reafon of Dropffes being fo common here. I usd, if fent for
in the Fit, to give fome Medicine forwarding the motion of Nature,
as if I found the Patient Vomiting, I would help it forward, by
warm water, a Feather, Or. If hot and thirdy, I fufiferd him to
drink cool Drinks as much as he pleasd, and if I found the Fit going

Of inter- off by Sweat, I gave fome Sp C. C in DecoElo Salvia yd rorijmarinf.

Fevers* t0 ^orward c^ac- ^ c^e Fever affeded the Head very much, I gave
order for Bleeding, Sliders, Cupping, err. So foon as the Fit was
over, I immediately gave the Cortex Tern, in powder about one
Dram every four hours in a Glafs of water, till they had taken Two
Ounces of it. If there was diffident time in the day before the next
return to give Six Drams of the Bark, then I troubled them not in
the night, but if the Symptoms were dangerous, and little intermix
lion, 1 orderd it to be given as well in the night as in the day. if k
purgd violently I gave it in a <Bolus with Confers '\of. into which
was dropt a very little quantity of Laudanum to take of its purging
quality, which infringes in fome meafure its vertue. If it purgd
only the firft or fecond Dofe eafily, there was no need of any thing,
for very often afterwards it would bind up the Belly. According to
the prefent Circumdances of the Conditution of i Man, or Scalar*
of the Year, it purges or purges not with him. I adviled Chil¬
dren fhould take it in Chocolate well fweetned. Sometimes I
gave it in Pills made up with Gum Tragacanth. Mucilage. The
bed and eafied way of giving it is in fair water fweetned with Syr,
Cariophyll. and aromatizd with Cinamon water. I ufually alter
the Fit was off' begun to give it them, or fo foon as they found
themfel ves a little eafie. If Hound the cafe urgent I gave it at any

giving

The Introduction. cxxxv

time in the incermiffion, and although Tome times I have obferv’d on
giving it about four hours before the Fit, that the Fever came more
violently on the Patient than before, yet i never could find the
giving of it then dangerous. This I was firft taught by giving it
accidentally to one whofe Fit anticipated its time, or came fooner
than he expe&ed, coming from a Tertian to a double Tertian or
Quotidian. Several Chymifts and Apothecaries in England and France
pretend to an Extract or Tindure of this Bark of equal vertue with
it, which becaufe of the unpleafant taft of the Powder, in fub-
ftance were very valuable, but on giving both Tindure and Extrad
in the Dofes preicribed, they are found far lefs effedual than the
bark in fubftance. Although where the Powder in fubftance cannot
be taken, thefe are the next beft Remedies, yet they are not to be
depended upon. Tis mol! certain that the Stomach and Guts, with
their juices, lurpafs all Artificial VclTcls and Menflruums in Extracting
what is beneficial from this Simple, and that no Art is able to make
fo effedual a Medicine out of it, as the Bark its felf, as it happens
in many other cafes. This Powder, when I Went to Jamaica] was
in very great difrepute here, infomuch that it was charg'd with the
death of leveral People, whereas the ignorant way of giving it was the
caule of its difgrace. The Inhabitants ufed to Purge after it to
take away the Relicks of the Powder, which never mifles bringing a
Rdapfe. They likewife faild in not giving fo great a quantity as was
Efficient, or as it ought to be given. They ufed only juft before the
coming on of the Fit, to give fo much as might prevent it, with¬
out any farther regard to the Fever. Avoiding thefe Rocks, with
the bleffing of God f never miff the cure of Quotidian, Tertian, or
Quartan, in whatever Age or Sex, and although I have given it to ma¬
ny hundreds, yet I never knew any bad confequence on its ufe, which
with juftice I could a fen be to it, but always a perfed recovery.
Indeed it will not cure all Difeafes, neither will it touch upon a con¬
tinual Fever, but in this laft, I think, if any prejudice arife to the
Patient by it, his only that it muff be taken in large quantities, and
hinder perhaps the taking of more proper Remedies. It very often
works by infenfible Perfpiration, and fometimes by Sweat, the
Patient having a breathing, and fometimes more copious Sweat
every night after taking it. Intermitting Fevers here, are call’d Fe¬
vers and Agues. A Pbyfician who had pradis’d many years in Bar¬
bados, told me there was no fuch Diffempcr there, and that from the
Leeward Iffands (where it was common) they came thither, and were
cur'd by that Air. The caufe of the great frequency of the Agues
in Jamaica, at forrre times of the years, are the Rains which fall fo
violently, and continue fo long as chat the low Plains are for fome
time covered with water. Hither Aquatic Birds, and thole that are

Waders

'

cxxxvi

- —

The Introduction.

Waders, or live Circa aquas, re fort at thofe Seafons, and from thefe
waters ’ I take it, proceed the intermitting Fevers in Jamaica , as they
come in the Hundreds of Effete, and other fenny and marftiy Conn-
tries of England. Thefe fituations are coveted, becaule in the Neigh-
bourhood of fuch Marflies generally the Lands are very Fertile, inch
waters inriching the Soil very much. It is very common for this
Diftemper, when Epidemic, to have all ocher Difeafes run into it,

as you may fee by the following instances.

Captain aged about Thirty years, Sanguine in his Conftitution,
Of the his Stomach being out of order, whereby he eat little, was taken
Belly-ach, very jj| with all the Symptoms of the Belly-ach, vi^ great pains
and inter- i £ ^avel Vomiting, thick muddy Urin, %rc. He had given him

fevers8 Pursers of all forts, Clyfters,^c. by which he was reliev’d. He had
a Relaple again in a while, as ufual in this Diftemper. He had
fome eafie Qpiats, <&c. but thefe Medicines, and whatever elfe he
took, though fomedmes alleviating the Diftemper, yet rooted it
not out till i obferv’dit had form’d its felf into a Tertian then reign¬
ing. This Fever run very high, affe&inghis Head very much, but
by3 the Cortex Tern, given him as it ought to be, came to be very

well

The Lady Wat/on, aged about Fifty years, very fat, was taken ill
> of a great Cold, ftie was fomewhat feverifh, and had a very great
of wheezing Cough, and difficulty of breathing. Her Fever increanng
Aithma, with her wheeling, I had her bled, made her ingredients of Amber,
and inter- R0femary Betony and Sage, co fmoke as Tobacco is taken, with
p“rg which flie found fome relief at prefent. I likewise gave her a Bolus
of a fmall quantity of Laud. Loud, in a little Tberiac. Audi . by which
fire was reliev’d. Notwithftanding thefe Remedies file had very
oreat and dangerous returns of it, wherein I repeated the fame Me¬
dicines, and gave her fome Diet-Drink, or VecoB. ex Lign. ire. All
thefe avail’d nor, till 1 obferv’d the Difeafe had form’d its felf
into a Tertian, when by the giving of the Cortex fhe was perkilly

cur’d.

Sit Francis Watjm, aged Fifty five years, had been for many years
troubled with wheeling and an Afthma. He had it not in England,
and in Jamaka a(uA\y llepc in a Hamaca, wherein he was 1'wung in
Of the the evening for fome hours, and then rofe wheeling. He drank

fame. Wine for it very liberally, which ufually gave a prelent relief, buc

he was reftlefs, and hot all night after, with his Tongue furr’d in
the morning, had no Stomach to eat, and was very dry. 1 gave
him an eafie Vomit, and afterwards a bitter Wine, and advis’d him

aeainft deeping in the Hamaca-, and drinking Wine, but he would
® continue

The Introduction. cxxxvii

continue them. I gave him frequently Bolus's with Ther, Andr. and a
little Laud, but they dos'd him too much, although they cur’d him
always when ill of a cold. At fort-^oyal, on drinking hard he fell
very ill of a great Cold and Fever, which although I endeavour’d,
by all means I could think of, to remedy, he being dangeroufly ill,
yet I could not, till I found it form its felf into a Quartans, when
giving him the Cortex , he recover’d incirely.

For his Afthma the beft Remedy 1 found was a Diet' Drink of
China , Sarfa, <&c. made frefh every night, and continued for three or
four months, every day, by which 1 thought him extremely reliev’d.

It very often falls out in intermitting Fevers, that during the time of
the Fits or Paroxyfms, there will happen very dangerous Symptoms
as Qeltrta , Convulfions, Afthmas, ere. according to the Conlfituti-
on of the Perfon or year. [ haveoblerv’d all of them if they return
periodically to be cur’d by rhe Bark, notwichfhnding the foolifh
opinions of feme who pretend that that Remedy locks up or binds
the humours in the Blood, Head or Bread:. That Opinion has been
the caufe of the Death of many Perfons, deterring Phyficians from
giving what was proper.

One Cornwall’s Daughter, about Twenty five years of age, giving
fuck, was taken very ill of an intermitting Fever. I advis’d her to
•wean her Child, or get another Nutfe, fhe would do neither, nor
would fhe take any effectual Medicines her felf. T he Fever by neg¬
lect iurkt about her a long time before fhe was well. The Child
then grew very dangeroufly ill, but by the help oi pulvis de gutteta ,
given frequently, the Child recovered.

giving
Suck, who
was taken
with an in¬
termitting
Fever, and
the effe&s
her Milk
had on the
Child.

A Lufty Woman was taken with an intermitting Fever, and all
the Symptoms of a beginning Confumption, as a very violent Of an in-
Cough and Loofenefs, Atrophic, <rc. 1 gave her fome Creta made Fer™r”;&
into a white Drink like VecoCl. Alh. and Laudanum for the Loofe- a Cough,
nefs. I gave her the Cortex Tern, for the Fever and Ague, which file
had every night. The Fever being by this Remedy taken off, the;ng
other Symptoms, which feemed dangerous, prefently vanifihed.

A Servant of Mr. Fletchers was very ill with all the Symptoms of
a beginning Consumption. He had Exacerbations and intermifii- of the
ons,°for which reafon 1 gave him the Cortex , whereby the Fever be- iarne-
ing taken off, the other Symptoms left him.

k is very ordinary towards the latter end of a Confumption for
the Patient in the evening to be cold, lliiver and quake, as one in
the beginning of the Baroxyfme of an intermitting Fever, which ne-

( m m ) vcrthelcfs

cxxxvm

7 he Introduction .

Of an
Afihma.

Of the
fame.

Of Hypo¬
chondriac
Melan¬
choly.

Of aPlen
rife.

verthelefs goes on till death, notwithftanding the giving the Cortex
or any other Remedies. This I have feen happen in manv, in feveral
parts of the World,

Mr. Kiel. (Pbilpot , aged about Forty five years, living at %o £
Cro above Sixteen Mile- Walk towards the North fide, in the time
of Rains in the North parts, and a North Wind Withal, was taken
very ill of a great Afthma. He could not fleep lying, but in a Chair
fitting ftraight up, and even very little this way, having a very
great wneeling and tickling Cough. Confidering it threatned his
life every minute, he was brought to Town, and committed to my
care. I order’d him immediately to be bled to Ten Ounces, and
a bliftering Plainer to be put to his Neck. 1 gave him a 'Bolus where¬
in there was a fmall Dofe of Laud.Lonl By the help of this he flept in
a more declining Pofture, and eafierthan before. I gave him in the
morning fome Balf. Sulpb. and fome Sp. C. C 01. Tereb. or Opobalf.
changing thefe Medicines now and then one for another. He fell
ill again, I repeated what I had done, and after the violence of the
Difeafe was over, I gave him a Decotlum ex lignis, by which he was
cured.

Mrs. 7 boroughgood was taken ill after the fame manner of this
Orthopnea. I bled h«r, and gave her Diet- Drink, and fhe was well

One Barret , of about Twenty years of age, thin, and of a
fwarthy Complexion, complain’d to me of fainting Fits, and a great
many indifpofitions aftli&ed him. I took them all to be Hypochon¬
driacal, and order’d him a Steel Courfe for them, which fo loon as
it took place entirely cured him. It is not very ordinary (though it
Ibmetimes happens) to find labouring Men troubled with this Di-
ftemper as this Patient was, who was very diligent, and wrought
hard about a Pen of Cattle, and fmall Plantation he had fome few
Miles out of Town He had taken feveral Medicines and Courfes
before, amongft the reft Steel, which not being given as it ought to
be, had no ways reliev’d him. I fuppofe it had been given with
Purgers.

Mr. Molines, aged about Twenty fix years, of a Sanguine Com¬
plexion, and Plethoric Body, fent for me on March i 8. 1 688, He
we was on board a Ship bound for England, and could fcarce fpeak
or breath, he had been fick for two days, complaining excreamly of
a great pain in his Shoulder, or rather infide of the <Pleura anlwering
that part, which increas’d on breathing high, fighing or coughing.
He had likewiie a fhorc Cough. It was taken by all for Sea-ficknels,

but

The Introduction.

, CXXXIX

but I told them I thought they were deceived. I forthwith ordered
him to be bled in the Arm to about 'Ten Ounces, and gave him a
Linttus of Sugar-Candy and Oil, and a Pedoral Deco&ion of Barly,
Liquorifli, RaifinSjO’c. He immediately found himfelf much bet¬
ter I ordered him to continue this, and to take of Crabs-Eyes,
and Sal TrunelU , of each half a Dram, and to fwallow morning
and evening the half on’t, drinking afterwards a Pe&oral Draught,
and in cafe of a Relapfe I ordered him to be bled. The Ship Chi-
rurgeon, contrary to my defire, gave him a Vomit, he himfelf
knowing nothing of it till it was down. I was fent for after it had
Wrought five or fix times upwards and downwards, and found him
in very great anxieties, with a fmall Pulfe, Cramps or Convulfions,
cold Sweat, cold Hands, Arms, Feet and Legs. I gave him pre¬
sently fome Jq Cinam. with Syr. Cariopbyll. Some Fifteen drops of
Sp. C. C order’d him to fmell to it, gave him fome burnt Wine,
and about half a Grain of Laudanum , after which he was much bet¬
ter, had a fmall quiet Sleep, and in fome hours time feem’d much
reliev’d. His pains afterwards returned, though not fo violent as
at firft. I bled him twice on two feveral days, and with DecoHum
bordei , Sugar Candy and Sallee Oil beat up together, he was cured:

A while after he (pit up very much purulent matter, but an eafie
Opiat, and thefe Remedies perfected the cure.

One aged about fixty years, in the Dog days had been fo much
troubled with faintnefs, as even feveral times to fall into Syncopes .

I advis’d him to ftir as little as poflible, to eat good Gelly-
broths, and to take about Ten drops of Sp. CC. every morning
and evening in a Glafs of fair water, by which means he grew Of a Le~
ftrongcr every day, and efcap’d thofe Fits he had been troubled
withal. To take away his faintnefs, he had pretcribed, as I ap p?e<=tkPDi-
prehend, too much Wine and fpirituous Liquors, which may give ltemPer
prefcnc relief, but in the end deftroy. He having us’d this too much ^hco°
in the evenings, appear’d for the mod part fomewhat fluftred. On Wine
March 12. 1688. he fell into a Lethargic Diftemper. 1 fuppole ?r.ank f?r
the vinous Liquors, by little and little, had made fo many attempts ™lnme S’
on his Brain, that at laft it was overcome. He talk’d incoherently,
when ask’d a Queftion would anfwer, though not able to fpeak
many words, his Pulfe was quick and low, and his under Lip had
convullive motions. I ordered him to be bled to Six Ounces, that
bliftering Plaifters fliould be applied to the nape of his Neck and
Wrifts, that he fliould be cupt on the Shoulders, that he fliould
have Fifteen drops of Sp. CC. given him, and chat if his Senies
were not very well awaked with thefe methods, but his fleepinels
increafed on him he fliould have fome Snuff made of White Hel¬
lebore

The Introduction.

cxl

lcbore put up his Nofe. He fell foon into foaming at Mouth, and
immediately died in Convulfions.

A Gentlewoman, aged about Fifty years, complained to me ex-
treamly of the Belly-ach, fhe had pains about the Region of the
Of the Navel, and all over her Limbs and Body, and had been with all the
Belly-ach. p]->y£cjans Gf thelfland. She had the ufe of neither Hands nor Feet,
although her Pulfe went very well, and was ftrong. I gave her
fome Emulfions of the cold Seeds, and would have had her bled
but (lie was fo affraid of it fhe durft not, and would not take any
thing elfe. She recovered of that Fit, but fell ill afterwards much
after the fame manner. I gave her as occafion required fome (Pi/.
Cock Min. to Fifteen Grains to give her a Stool, which kept her Body
open. I had her bled ieveral times, and defir'd fhe would altoge¬
ther abftain from Wine. This lad I infilled much upon, and gave
her much water to drink with Steel, but neither it nor anything elfe
did lucceed. I attributed this- Difeafe to Wine, Punch, and Vinous
Liquors, but fhe would notabftain, alledging that her Stomach was
cold, and needed fomething to warm it.

One Evans, very big with Child, about Eight Months, was taken
with great pains in her Belly and Loins, as if ready to bring forth.
Of danger She had iikewife great pains in her Body all over. I advis'd her
of mifear- forthwith to be bled, to hinder Abortion, and to affwage her pains,
preferib'd here a contemperating cooling Courfe, as is ulual in Rhu-
matifms, and defir'd her to abftain from Flefh and Vinous Liquors
for fome time, with which in a few days fhe was well. I order'd
her to keep her Bed, or be very quiet till it fhould pleafe God fhe
were deliver'd, Hie being extraordinary big, which fhe did, and
was fafdy delivered at the due time. She had about a year before
been delivered of three Children at one Birth.

nage

One aged about Thirty five years, concluded her lelf for fome
uu time to be with Child. She found her felf in much pain, and af-
who fup- ter a Fluxus Men (turn, which continued on her fomewhat violent,
pofedher feVeral Phyiicians were confulted, who advifed her to Troehi/ct de
Myrrha , and other very forcing Medicines, and continu'd their ule
fpr fome time, although fhe had her Catamenia in due time. I was
confulted, and advifed her to take the bitter Wine for her Stomach,
that being very much out of order, not to take any other Medicine,
but patiently to expert the event, fhe did fo, and found in fome
time that fhe was better, not with Child, and pretty well.

Of one

felf to be
with
Child,
but was
not.

Colonel

: \

The Introduction.

exli

Colonel Fuller, aged about Forty five years, very much troubled
with the Gout, on taking a Dofe of Jalap in Powder, which wrought
copioufly, fell into a Naufea, or great inclination to Vomit, and into of a
a Loofenels. He was troubled with this endeavour to Vomit chiefly Squeam-
after Meat. I thought the beft Remedy was to give him fome £//xir ^
<Proprietatis, by that means to remedy his Stomach, and at the fame after
time by making an eafie irritation downwards to flop the motion takinS Ja-
to vomit after Meals. This in fome time took place, and he was lap‘

Well. Once in a violent Fit of the Gout he was taken ill of a
Loofenefs, in which I ordered him to take fome eafie Opiats, and he
was cured.

One Hercules , a lofty Black Negro Overfeer, and Doctor, was of a Negro
not only famous amongft the Blacks in his Mafter Colonel Ful - Do<a°r fa-
lers Plantation, but amongft the Whites in the Neighborhood, for ^ngf<cL
curing feveral Difeafes, and particularly Gonorrheas. He had been norrhaasj
three years before troubled with that Diftemper, which he thought
by the Country Simples he had cur’d, but came to me, complain- being able
ing of a very great heat in making water with intolerable pain, and by Speci¬
fied ing. Looking upon the part affeded, I found he had negleded thaVDi-Ure

his Clap, and that Caruncles had grown up and ftopt almoft quite feafe, that
the paflage of Urin or Urethra, wherefore Nature had by a Tumour
and Apoftemation made a paflage for the Urin in Ve/meo. This paf- lXnVelR 1
(age had callous Lips. I order’d him fome .Mercurial Medicines, and
would have try’d feveral other Remedies for his Cure, had I not foon
after left the Ifland. There are many fuch Indian and Black Dodors,
who pretend, and are fuppofed to underftand, and cure feveral Di-
ftempers, but by what 1 could fee by their pradice, (which becaufe
of the great effeds of the Jefuits Bark, found out by them, I look’d
into as much as I could) they do not perform what they pretend, un-
lefs in the vertues of fome few Simples.. Their ignorance of Ana¬
tomy, Difeafes, Method, Or. renders even that knowledge of the
vertues of Herbs, not only ufelefs, but even fometimes hurtful to
thole who imploy them.

Emanuel, a lufty Negro Footman, was ordered over night to gee Of a Negro
himfelf ready againft next morning to be a Guide on Foot for about Ambled"
an hundred Miles through Woods, to a place of the Ifland, to feize a great
Pirats, who, as the Duke of Albemarle was informed, had there un- bickne^s>
laded great quantities of Silver, to Careen their Ship. About T welve
a Clock in the night he pretended himfelf to be extraordinary fick,
he lay ftraight along, would not (peak, and diflembled himfelf in
a great Agony, by groaning, <src. His Pulfe beat well, neither had
he any toaming at Mouth, or difficulty in breaching. The Euro¬
inn) peant

V* • -

cxlii The Introduction .

peans who flood by thought him dead, Blacks thought him be¬
witch’d, and others were of opinion that he was poyiorfd. f ex¬
amin’d matters as nicely as I could, concluded that this was a new
ftrange Difeafe, fuch as I had never feen, or was not mention’d by
any Author I had read, or that he Counterfeited it. Being confirm’d
that it was this latter, and that he could fpeak very well it he pi eas’d,
to frighten him out of it, I told the Standers by, that in fuch a de-
fperate condition as this ’twas ufual to apply a Frying-Pan with
burning Coals to the crown of the Head, in order to awake them
throughly, and to draw from the Head, and that it was likewife an
ordinary method to put Candles lighted to their Hands and Feet, that
when the flame came to burn them they might be awaked. I lent
two feveral People in all haft to get ready thefe things, in the
mean time leaving him, that he might have time to confider and
recover out of this fit of Diffimulation, which in a quarter of an hour
he did, fo, that he came to fpeak. I queftion’d him about his pain,
he told me ’twas very great in his Back. I told him in ffiorc that
he was a Diftembler, bid him go and do his bufinefs without any
more ado, or elfe he fhould have due Corredion, which was the
beft Remedy I knew for him, he went about his Errand imme¬
diately, and perform’d it well, though he came too late for the
Pirats.

I was call’d to a Carpenter, a lufty Rogue, who pretended him-
felf fick of the Belly-ach, he had got a Blanket about his middle,
Of the and made wry Faces, bemoaning himfelf very much. He told me,
fame. upon examining of him, that he went to Stool very well every
day, and did not Vomit, <?c. I told him that I believ’d he diflembled,
and that if he were well chaftis’d it would be his beft Cure, he
Teem’d not to be of that mind, but very foon recover’d without any
Phyfick.

Tis very ordinary for Servants, both Whites and Blacks, to pre¬
tend, or diflemble ficknefs of feveral Torts, but they are very eafily
with attention found out by Phyficians, who are ufed to converle
Of the with Difeafes, for the Symptoms do not anfwer one another, and
i fame. they may, by proper queftions be difcovered as Forgeries, Perju¬

ries, or Lyes. In people who pretend ficknefs, and have none, I
us’d, in order to be rid of them, (they never growing better,) to
order harfh, yet innocent Remedies, as bliftering, taking bitter Me¬
dicines, <src. Thus I ufed to be free’d of their trouble. Sometimes
they pretend to have a Cough, but that is eafie to be feen, if feigned,
by a more leifurely great infpiration than thofe really troubled with
that Difeafe can admit off.

s

\

In

The Introduction.

■c o « o

CXI111

In cafe Women, whom I fufpected to be with Child, pretended
themfelves ill, coming in the name of others, fomecimes bringing
their own water, diffembling pains in their Heads, Sides, Obftru-
dions, £rc. thereby cunningly, as they think, defigning to make the
Phylician caule Abortion by the Medicines he may order for their
Cure. Iri luch a cafe l ufed either to put them off with no Medi¬
cines at all, telling them Nature in time might relieve them with¬
out Remedies, or I put them off with Medicines that will fignifie
nothing either one way or other, till I be further fatisfied about theirof de
Malady. 'Tis a very hard matter for a Phyfician in thefe cafes to be^|ei^
certain, but after taking what care he can to inform himfelf, he muftdidnes
nie his difcretion. If Women knew how dangerous a thing it is towhfch .

D U C3.U1C

caule Abortion, they would never attempt it on any account what-bordon.
ever. I know but one cafe beforementioned, which is flooding,
wherein 'tis neceflary, and then 'tis beft done by the Hand. One
may as eafily exped to fliake off unripe Fruit from a Tree, without
injury or violence to the Tree, as endeavour to procure Abortion
without danger to the Mother. This is a moft certain truth, and
I have feen it confirm'd by the fad experience of fuch, who, upon
political confiderations, to avoid fcandal, having too many Chil¬
dren, or the like, had endeavoured, without effed, to procure
Abortion, and inftead thereof had brought themfelves near their
ends.

One Boofar, a Woman of about Thirty five years of Age, was
taken very ill with a malignant Fever, fhe had been bliftered, and
treated after the Cordial way, that is, by giving her great quantities ofOf a dan-
: Dia/cordium , Ther. Andr. and other Diaphoretics, fhe was kept hoc,
and not fuffered to drink any thing that was cool. I gave her fomeby a cool
eafie Medicines, as a very littl c Confeftio Jlfarmes, order'd her a cool- Regimen..
ing method, to drink as much cool Drinks as fhe pleas’d, and by
them flie was well.

Her Husband was ill at the fame time of a violent Vomiting and
Loofenefs, which had been on him for many days, by drinking to
a very great heighth in Canary. He was very much weakned, dry, of Vomit-
and troubled chiefly with the Vomiting. I gave him, confider-^S^^.
ing his weakneis, fome drops of Laud. Liq. and fome other things frora"ex-
of that nature, to flop both Evacuations, but he being lometimesceflive
morofe and iil-natur’d, and at other times Phrenetic, and lo not^-1^1^
taking his Medicines as he ought, and withal, his Stomach being
lo mightily dilorder’d that nothing could flay there, in fome time
he died.

N

John

cxliv

The Introduction.

John Parker, about Thirty five years of age, a Iufty full-blooded
Fellow, was much given to drink. He had been taken ill1 of the
Epidemic continual Fever, reigning at firft when I came to the
Ifland, and recovered, as others out of it, of which before. Soon
Of Rafter he committed a great debauch in Rum Punch, after it lying
exceffi^ on a co^ Marble Floor. He fell from thefe caufes into a Mania ,
drinking fo that he was obferv’d to (peak and ad very incoherently, and to

Punch!11" 8et UP in the.ni£ht> ^ His rage increas’d to a very high degree,
and he died in a very few days, notwithftanding all the methods
ufually followed in thefe cafes.

%oger Flower , a Raker, a ftrong Man, of about Forty five years
of age> °f a Sanguine Complexion, and Plethoric, was much given
to drink Sengury, or Wine, Sugar and Water in the morning early,
continuing till night, thereby endeavouring, as he thouht, to quench
his thirft, and relieve his Spirits. He was taken very ill of a Cho -

kra MorbZ le!a Morhm> in which his vomitings were very violent. After a fuffi-
from the dent Evacuation by Vomit and Stool, help’d on by thin Water-
fame caufe.gr uel, and Chicken- Broath, I endeavour’d to flop them with Lauda¬
num, when I thought his Stomach and Guts fufficiendy waffl’d. This
reliev’d for fome fmall time, as it never miffed the Cure of many
others fo Difeafed, but he after fome hours fell ill again with Vo¬
miting and a Phrenfie. I endeavour’d what I could to remedy both
the one and the other, but he grew more outrageous, and notwith¬
ftanding buffering, <6rc. died in a few hours.

which" a Plethoric, Choleric, much given to drinking

was'occa- Rum-Punch, and ftrong Liquors, fell into a Fever, which chiefly
fioned by feiz’d his Head, lo that he was in a very great rage. I treated him

drinldng, after .the c°o1 Regimen3 bled and bliftered, but notwich-

and had {landing this found him ftill worfe. Ac length, I learn’d his Nurfe
Fits which gave him much Wine and Fleffi, contrary to inftruCtions. I or-
the Full 3er’d the contrary, and by the continuance in this courfe, When
and the AfpeCt of the Sun and Moon chang’d, on that very minute,

d^Moon ^rom grcac ra&e he came t0 himfelf, and recovered quite of his Di-
1 ‘ ftemper. I have in feveral perfons obferved the lame, but thefe

AfpeCts which I was fure to have any effects, were only the Fulls
and Changes, or Oppofitions and Conjunctions of the Sun and
Moon. I have feen their effects, principally on Perfons ufed to ex-
ceffive drinking, and that chiefly of Brandy, which after fome time
turned them maniacal, with very great Fits, for fome days before
and fometimes after thefe AfpeCts. I have not feen fo much of the
effeCts of the Sun and Moon’s AfpeCts in England and Europe , as Ja-
1 maica>

The Introduction.

cxiv

maica, an inftance of which is before related. I have been able in
this Difeafe, by confldering theftrength of thePerfon, and the time
of the Full or Change, ere it was likely fuch Fit would end, to fore-
tel whether in probability they would out-live the Fits or not, for I
could very feldom bring this lore of Diftemper under by Medicines
till that time was over.

One aged about Fifty years, little, very Cholerick and Hot. much
given to drinking, had been troubled very much with an Afthma, for
which I gave him a Diet-drink, made of Sarfa , &c. which he conti- of an in-
nued to take for fome time, and found great relief. He was taken ill termitting
of a Gonorrhea. I gave him fome purging Mercurial Pills, and
Emulfions. He was afterwards feized with an Epidemic Fever, be¬
ing a Tertian, then reigning, for which he being afraid, and not
daring, left the Gonorrhoea fliould be ftopt, to take the Cortex Tern.
on the intermitting day I gave him a Vomit of Oxymcl. Sciliit. and
infufion of Crocus MetalL whereby in a fmall time it working very
well, he was cured of both Diftempers.

A month after he fell ill of great pains in his Reins and Back,
and being ufually troubled wirh Fits of the Stone at that time of the
year, he took thole Medicines he us'd to find relief in, without any
fuccefs. I gave him all manner of Diuretics, as Sal Trunell. oc .
cancr . ol. terebinth, a decoct, of the Roots of Althea , Linfeed, Crc. A-
nodine Fomentations, &rc. as well as Ointments and Oils, with¬
out any relief except fome eafe for a day or two. He was then
advis'd to ftir much, I thought that hazardous, becaufe it might
throw down the Stone , and io occafton a Paroxyfm , but he
would do it, and was worfe. I endeavoured to remedy tbefe
Symptoms by ail the ways I could, without 1 needs, wherefore 1 Of an UJ-
conjectured fome Abfcefs to be in the Back, or one of the Kidnies . 1

bled often, purg'd ealily with Ca(fta, <&c. gave all manner of Diu- and Gan-
reties, but his pain continued. He grew feverifh and weak, I en- Srene in
deavour'd to remedy thefe Symptoms by more cool Medicines, with- Aun
out fuccefs. He fent for another, who gave him Diaphoretics and
Cordials. He had anflfue in his Arm, which being neglected, the
Arm inflam'd and fwell'd, to which were applied, Adftringents, and
the humour was repelled, whereby he grew delirous, and had a
very fmall intermitting Pulfe. 1 order’d him fome Diaphoretics fo
force the repell’d matter out again, by which the 1 welling appeared
and he was reliev'd. It turn'd to an Apoftem, and complaining
very much of it fome days after, I had it opened. It appear’d to be
of the nature of an Eryftpelas, he was drefl: by the Chirurgeon, and
in a day it appear’d blackifb about the I flue, and difcolour’d in fe-
veral places. There appeared fome dilcolour'd Puftles or Whales

( o o ) where-

cxlvi

The Introduction.

wherefore to avoid a Gangrene, he was fcarified with deep Incifions
and had Pledgets of yEgyptiacum diffolv’d in Sp. V. applied but
although with this, and a Fomentation of Wormwood, art in a
Lye, and Sp. V. it feem’d to be at a ftand, yet it fphacelared more

and more, and he being fo weak as not to endure the Amputation
of his Arm, he died. r

The Reverend Mr. Leming, of a Plethoric and Sanguine Confti-
tution, aged about Forty five years, by walking in the heat of
the day, expofed to the Sun-beams, was taken ill with a very
great .Vertigo, fo that he was reeling every ftep, and could not fee to
Read or do any thing elfe, neither could he walk without the affi-
Itance of feveral people under his Arms to fupportand guide him

Of a very ^ u ^ “ th“ c°ndicion> "eich« had he taken any

great Ver- fh‘nS bui a C1yfter; 1 wondered very much that in fo long time he
tigo. had not been Apoplectic, and ordered him immediately to be bled

in the Arm to Ten Ounces, the next morning to take a prettv
ftrong Dofe of Extr. <%ud. in Pills, that he fhould be bliftered pre-
lently in the Neck , afterwards cup’d with Scarification in the
Shoulders, and that he fhould take fome alternative Medicines as
Sage and Rofemary made into a Drink after the manner of Tea and
drink a quantity of it feveral times every day at convenient Scafons
I order d fome drops of Sp. C C. to be put into it, and gave him dire"
ctions to change and repeat thefe Medicines till he was well which
accordingly he did. He found immediate relief on bleeding, and

rthi LUfti ?f the ,e® tbefe Medicines recovered in fome days his
perfect health: 1

9entlema"> Preaching tiled to Grain his Lungs fo
from “>‘“t became obnoxious to feveral Coughs and defluxions

!he Lunngvs adV'S k “ T°Ve (rom llis Panfll> where he ufed his Lungs
Lung . too much, to a place where no opportunity fhould be given of ex-

ercifing them fo much. By this method he was relieved. I heard

fince that returning to his Parifh he fell into a /pitting of blood,

turn d Conlumptive and died. I have fcen the like happen feveral

times to people who have in their feveral Profeffions ufed their Lung

too much. The ancient Phyficians, and Philofophers preferred

Reading aloud, Deputing, &x. as necefTary for exercifing the Lungs’

wh.ch they thought as proper for the keeping of them found, §as

other Exercifes for other parts of the Body. But I have often ob-

2i‘&sConfu"i*io“' g,“ **+ ““ *•

The Introduction.

cxlvii

A Child of about a year and an half old, was taken ill of an
Epidemic Tertian Fever, with the Symptoms of which it bad a very°^
great fwell d upper Jaw. The Mother told me, that the Childr”’ n%d
breeding Teeth very hardly, thejaw had been formerly cut, whereas in a
the iwelhng now was. I concluded the cutting had fowl’d, or hurcChild-
the upper part of the Tooth, and that part of the Morbific Matter
was lent to that place as weak, during the Paroxyfm of the Fever.

I gave it the Cortex , and it was in lome few days cured of both Fe¬
ver and fweird Jaws.

i

Face-Cloaths, or Linnen to be pin’d over the Face of New-bornOf the
Children, are never ufed in Jamaica^ it being hot, and thought there manaSe-
very unheakhy. Cradles are not us’d very much, but Hamacas forChSdren
Children to be laid in, wherein they are tofs’d or fwung as if they in Jamaica.
were rock’d in a Cradle. They make an Engine of Wood as long
as the Child, alitde broader, and a Foot and an half high, arch’d a e
top. 1 he fides and top are covered with Gauze to hinder the Gnats
or Mofqukos molefting the Child lying under it.

A great many White Women, all Indians and Negros , keep not
their Beds over a Week, after having brought forth, when they re of t.he
turn to their ordinary Bufinefs. Sometimes through a contrary Cu- Women in
flora this may be prejudicial, as I knew a Mother of many Children, Childbed,
who getting up fo much earlier than flie ufed to do, fell into great
pains in her Sides, after having lome diminution of her Lochia . In
this cafe I ordered bleeding, and the ufe of Sage-Tea, by which (he
recovered in lome time.

A Woman being got with Child, endeavoured to hide it, and
took violent Medicines deligning Abortion. They had not the de-Of Mer-
fired effedl, for although flic took Mercury Sublimate in Broath,^.1^ Su"
yet flie went out her Time, and after violent Vomitings, and great taken 'In-
Spitting for fome time, flie was privately delivered, and the Child wafdly.
buried in a Field. It was difeovered by Birds, which feed on cor¬
rupting Flefh, are a fort of Vulture, and call’d Carrion Crows.

The Child thus found, being brought to Town, a fearch was
made, and the fuppofed Mother carried to Prifon. She there fell
into a Delirium , with other feverifh Symptoms very high. She
was bliflerd, and cook Sp. C. Cm and other things, by which flic
recovered, and was feemingly well, but I heard (he died a Week
after.

Blacks

cxlviii The introduction.

Of Black Blacks are asoften taken for Nurfes as Whites, being much eaiier
Nurfes. Co be had. They are not coveted by Planters, for fear of infeding
their Children with fome of their ill Cuftcms, as Thieving, <src.

I never faw any fuch Conferences, and am fure a Blacks Milk
comes much nearer the Mothers than that of a Cow, and yet in
Jamaica fome Children are bred up by the Hand very well.

Some Women being here very debauch’d as to drinking, &c. when
Of Chil- they are Nurfes, can Scarce abftain from it, and thereby infed Chil¬
drens Di- dren very often with Puftles, breakings out, I us’d in fuch cafes
feaies‘ to perluade changing the Nurfe, or bringing up the Child by
Band, tampering" with Phyfick too much with Children, where
the Difeafe is not plain, being not fafe, they not being able co
inform the Phyfician of their Malady, but by frowardnefs and crying.
of cho_ Chocolate is given to young Children here, almoft the firft Meat
colate gi- they take except the Mothers Milk, and is found to agree with them

Children as we^ as Milk- Meats in England.

Mra William Kayes y aged about Forty years, complain’d to me he
had been feveral years troubl’d with Ringworms on his Abdomen . I
defir’d to fee them, he fhow’d me a [pot or two on his Belly,
about the Circumference of a fix pence, in which was a fuperficial
ulceration of, as it would feem, the Cuticula , with fome fcales about
the edges. It was of a dark brown colour, and there feerr/d to
Of the iffueout a fmall Ichor. He had in this place a moll intolerable un-
Ringworm ea^e itching which was very tvoblefome. He had not in feded his
jZCJgZ- Wife with it, although moft Men are thought to communicate it
comm. to their Wives. I order’d him to be bled and purg’d, gave him in¬
wardly, after twice purging, a great many Dofes of Ficr> Sulph. in
the morning and night, drinking after it Diet Drink, for (ome weeks.
After this preparation an Ointment was made with Sulph, Vtv. pow¬
dered and mixe with Ung. ex Vxylapatb. and feented with Oil of
Rhodium, with which he was to anoint it, but by the ufe of the fir ft
Medicines he was well, and continued fo. This is a very ordinary
Difeafe here, and in mod parts of the World, continuing many
years, and fixes its felf in feveral places cf the Body. It ieems to
come near the Lepra Greecorum, and is the Impetigo mention’d by (P//0
to be in 'Brazjle. It ufes always to be cur’d by theahoveiaid Medi¬
cines, though now and then, on the Afpeds of the Moon it would
return again, and be cur’d on ufe of the Medicines as before. It had
been tried to be cur’d by moft of the Phyficians of the ffland without
fuccels.

Mr. Hem -

The Introduction ,

cxlix

A Gentlemam, aged about Forty five, looking verv black in tfie
Face, or of a livid Afpe<a, had been very much given to Venery
an intemperance m Drinking. He had always after a debauch
fomebruifea places about him, which were hurt by Accidents and
Falls. For theft Cafualnes it was propet to bleed him very often to
prevent his death, as on hurting his Sides, came Pleurifies and In-
Mammanons, for which there was a neceffity to give him feveral
Medicines, and more Specially toufe Phlebotomy. He complain’d
to me one day he thought his Belly fwell’d, and that he made ’a of a Drop
fmall quantity of Unne. 1 told him I thought ’twas very danger- &
ous and advisd Jalap, and other purgers of water to carry off the !emper'
humours, which threatned aDropfie, as alfo Chaly beats and Dm- Winc'd
reties, with Exercife. Although thefe Medicines wrought well Vet Venei7-
his Belly fwclPd more and more, whereby I was almoft fure he
would not live long, and fo it prov'd, for in about three weeks
time h is Belly fwelfd moft prodigioufly, made his breathing un-
eaiie, the watery humour overwhelmed his Brain, made him De-
lirous, and alfo feiz' d his Lungs, fo that he had a great Cough and
died. He us d to drink two Bottles of burnt Wine every night when
well, in the night time, to fupport, as he thought, his Spirits.

. °ne y°ung Man; complain'd to me of a great pain of the

in one of his Kidmes, with Vomiting, he us'd to be troubl'd with Stone,
the Stone there. 1 gave him about one Grain of Laud. Lonl in a-
bout feven Grains of Extr. % ud . he had eafe prefently, a Stool
lome while after, and was perfe&ly cur'd of that Paroxyfm. The
like I have known in a great many others. Ealing of the pain takes
of the conftndion of the Ureters and Membranes, and then the
Sand, Gravel, or Stone come away.

A Woman of about Fifty years of age, was taken with an Epi¬
demic Tertian . I gave her the Cortex, by which (he was cur'd,

and continu'd well fome weeks. On Chriftmas Eve, flie took a
great cold, and fell into an Epidemic Pleurilie, which was then
frequently join'd wirh Rhumatic pains, and mortal. I advis'd her Of a Pieu-
forthwith to bleed plentifully, and gave her fome Sal Trunell. and rilic*
Crabs-Eyes in large quantities. She fent for fome ignorant Fellow
who could not bieed her, and neglected that Remedy two days,
in which time her pains increas d. f lent for a Chirurgcon, who
bled her, dire&ed her a Clifter, gave her inwardly Antipleuritics,
order’d her fide to be rub'd with ling. Vialth. I advifed her to re¬
peat bleeding, which was done five times in two days, without
any luccefs, for her pains increaled in a fmall time after bleeding,

( P P ) and

cl

The Introduction.

andTEe died in Convulfions. There is no Remedy in a Pleurifie fo
effe£tual as bleeding. This is not done, either through obflinacy of
the fick Perfon, ignorance, or averfion of the Phyfician to chat Re¬
medy, or unskilfulnefs of the Chirurgeon, who generally pretend,
on miffing the Vein, that the Blood is too thick, as if it could Cir¬
culate through the capillary Veffels, and yet be fo thick as not to
come out of a hole made in the fide of the Vein. If iufficienc
bleeding is negle&ed in a Pleurifie, on any of thefe accounts, the
extravafated Blood increafes, difficulty of breathing follows, and
occafions either a Suffocation by the great quantity of Blood ftag-
nating in the Heart, and great Veffels, a Gangrene, or at lea ft an
Apoftem, whence follows an Empyema and Confumption.

Of a Er ^er D*U^r Was ta^en vcry ^ at ^1C rame time of a great pain
/ipXl Ery *n *ier Arm, after which came out an Eryftpelas, which 1 advis'd to
be treated with a Fomentation of Wormwood, Sage,^c. in Lye and
Wine. With this Remedy, after breaking out, and going in feveral
times, it came out in feveral Boils and hard Lumps on the Hand,
which breaking, and running, cur’d her. I have feen many troubl’d
after the fame manner, with great pains in the Arm, after which
comes out the Eryfipelas , then it goes in again, and the pains return
till it again breaks out, which 'is chiefly effe&ed by 01 Lumlr. &
Cham . with which fome fetrol. is mixe, They ought to be bled and
purg’d, O-c. and yet often recover not in half a year. The Skin of
thefe people is ufually afterwards very much difcolourU

A great many Women are here troubl’d with the Fluor Abus ,
Of the with which Diftemper they ufually have very great pains in their
Fluor Al- gacjc j ufiially gave them a Medicated Wine, with the Roots of
Angelica , Imperatoria , Biftort. Tormentill. &c. infus’d in Madera. I
advis’d them to drink for fome time of it, feveral times aday, for¬
bidding all manner of Evacuation. This method ufually cur’d
both Whites and Blacks.

On outward or inward bruifes, I us’d, in danger, to bleed im¬
mediately, and in the outward to embrocate with fair water, by
Of bruifes. applying Papers or Cloaths dipt in water, and repeating them,
when they grew hot, by which the humour was repell’d, I have
feen this method do great matters, as much or more than Bole or
Aftringents cum Album. Ovor. Sperm. Cet. and Crabs- Eyes. I us’d to
give inwardly, C.C. and to order a Montagany Plaifter to be applied.

Of an Ul- A lufty blind Fellow of about Fifty years of age, had been
KTd\nsthelanSuifhinS * *onS time with pains in the Region of his Kidnies, as

well

t

The Introduction.

di

well as all over his Body ; he now made and had done for fomc
time paft white purulent fmelling and thick water. I concluded it
it to be an Abfcefs of the Reins, and told him I was apprebenlive
it was incurable. However I had him bled twice or thrice purg’d
leveral times a week, with f,l. Cock Min. he took on the interme¬
diate days, 01. 1 mb. <Balf. Sulph and a Decoaion of Barley. By
which means contrary to expectation he was quire cured.

Mrs, .Turifie, aged Thirty five years, complain’d of great pains
in her Kidnies, had a great heat there, and had gone through feveral Of the
Courfes without fuccels. 1 put her into the fame method as above ^ame» and
but the Oil was too hot for her. I gave her fome Vuriolum Martis’AnZf*
making artificial Mineral waters, as well for that as a fwell’d Spleen!

After the had gone through this Courfe, fhe recovered very well
which file attributed more to the outward application of Orange'

Leaves then any thing elfe. She had for her Spleen a Galbmum Plii-
ftcr, and one Ex Cicuta cum Gum . Amtnoniaco. I have known this laffc
Piaifter do great matters, with Jalap inwardly given at the fame
time. They drain a great quantity of blackifii Serum, which fills
and fwells the capacity of the Abdomen, as well as Liver and Spleen
to that rate, as that they meet almoft about the Navel. One told
me fhe found on the ufe of this Piaifter over the aforefaid Ftfcern
as if lome body had fqueez’d them with their hand, and the Belly
at the fame time fell feveral Inches in a week by meafure.

One Devons Wife brought me to fee her Husband, who had beenOfafteepy
very melancholly for feveral months, was morofe, would fcarce Difeafe-
fpeak, but was always drowfie and fleepy. 1 order'd him to be
bled, gave him a Purge, fome Sp C C. and had his Neck bliftered
by which in a few days he was quite well.

She fell ill of an Epidemic intermitting Fever, which in one ofof an in
the Fits run fo high, as chat after long and Phrenetic difeourfe, not- Emitting
withftanding bliftering,6-c. fhe, after falling into cold Sweats, died, ^?rh

, mortal.

I had heard very much of a dry Dropfie, a Diftemper that was

Paid to be very Mortal to many of this ifland, both Whites and
Blacks, and was pretended to be a very ftrange Difeafe (as it would Of an
have been, had it anfwer'd its Name) and proper to this Climate. He<?ic^

At length one was brought to me from Colonel Nedbams Plantat Cy^ttz
on, where he had been a Labourer at the Stokeholes. He had in Dry Drop*
this Employment been extremely heated, and fweated, and by*12,
taking Colds thereon, he had contracted a great Cough, which
had continued for lome time. He was wafted in his Body, was hoc
and Feverifh, and had his Legs oedematous, puff d up, and a little

fwcH'd

clii

The Introduction.

Of the

Kings-

Evil.

fweird I found this to be the beginning of a Confumption, and
perfect Febris HeBica , having no Symptoms, but fuch as are com¬
mon to our Englifh , and all other Hedtics. I therefore order’d him,
fBalf. Sulph. to prelerve his Lungs from being tainted, order’d him a
Diet Drink of Surface, with Barley and Raifins, and gave him in
the Evenings to keep off his Cough, an eafie Opiate, with which, and
good Diet he was cured. A Steel Courfe is much commended here
in this Diftemper, and a furr’d white Tongue is reckoned one of the
chief Pathognomonics of this Difeafe, which is nothing but what
often accompanies the He&ic in England , and every where elfe.

A Boy of about Thirteen years of age, had a great and ugly
fwelling on his Leg, which yielded great quantities of an Ichorous
Sanies from the Bone. He had fome marks of Ulcers remaining a-
bout his Eyes, which fhew’d him to be fcrophulous, or troubled
with the Kings Evil He had been flux’d in feveral hot Houfes, and
proceeded with after feveral Methods, by feveral Phyficians, who
ordered the matter fo that this Tumour had been almoft cur’d feveral
times, but by neglect it return’d. He found great relief in wafhing
and bathing in fait- water. I ordered him to be well purged thrice
a week, with ftL Cocb. Min. and Merc* Dulc. Sometimes 1 chang’d
this fora Vomit of Infuf. Croc . Metal, and gave him a Diet- Drink,
made of the Woods, Roots, Sarfa,&c. boil’d in Lime-water. He
put to the Ulcer fome Bafilicon with Precipitate, and fometimes
without, with which he grew much better. I left the lfland be¬
fore he was quite well, but order’d them to profecute the cure the
fame way.

The Negros and Indians of Plantations ufually have Fires near
the places where they and their Children fleep. They make thefe
Of Burns. Fires both for their Healths fake, and to keep themfelves from Gnats,
Mofquitos , or Flies, which would be troublelom, were they not kill’d
by the fmoak. The Slaves are ufually fo well wrought in the day,
and fleep fo faft at night, that they do not eafily awake. Several of
their young ones fall into thefe Fires, whereby their Arms or Legs
are fometimes burnt off. I always found a Cataplafm of Onions,
Salt, and white Soap beaten together, to do very great matters in
the cure of fuch Accidents, and thefe ingredients are almoft every
where to be had.

ture.

Of a Rup- One about three years before (lie advis’d with me, had been
troubl’d with a long and tedious Delivery, in which fhe found
in the Childs coming away a crack as if fomething had broken in her
Groin. She complain’d to me of a, great pain there, in which was

a fmail

I IB. II

The Introduction.

cliii

a fmall lump, .which was about the bignefs of a Pigeons Egg. I
took it for a Rupture, ordered her to iye with her Heels and lower
parts high, to endeavour by an Anodyne Carminative and Difcu-
ficnt Fomentation to put up the Gut, and gave her an eafie Opiat
in the Evening. This did well, and die was better, but ft ill had
Pain. I defil’d her to take great care to be quiet, and to repeat thefe
Medicines as Che found occafion, upon which the Pain went away,
and flie was better.

. o. ' : . ’ . . .

One came to me complaining he was troubled very much with Itch
about the Os fubk, which proceeded from. Lice or Afcmdu . \OtAJc«ri-
advifed him to rub and wafh all the part over with Sopeand Water,
but that did not kill them. I then ordered him to beat fome of the
Seeds of Staplnfacre, and drew it on the part, which kill’d them

Vermin of this kind.

-Jobd -jliv.

f , .j

fl ni *

”\

SVJ

and Drinking of Drains, had been very ill of che Belly-ach, feverat
times, on which he bad loft the ufe of his Limbs. He had not long
before I faw him been taken with a very fevere Fit, and was reco¬
vered out of it by the help of Ginger in Cyder and Wine mixt, and
heated with Sugar. After the violence of the Fit was over, becaufe
he was very weak, he had fuckc two Negro Womens Milk, by
which he was perfectly recovered. He feem'd to be very Hypochon¬
driac, was Melancholly, and look’d Yellow in the Skin and Eyes.
Being confulted for his Health I advis’d him, becaufe he had no °f
Stomach not Appetite to Victuals, to take an infufion of Gentian y’
Roots, Centaury Tops, is'e. in Madera Wine, and a Diet-Drink of
Sarfa, China , &c. mix’d with an equal quantity of Cow’s Milk
every Morning. How and then as his Belly was bound up, I or¬
der’d him a Pill of ExtraB. '\ud. whereby he was kept Soluble. By
thefe Medicines his Health was preferved without any great Sicknels,
but coming on Board in order to a Voyage for England, and drinking
Punch mote than ordinarily, he firft fell into an unufual Weaknels of
his Hands, and afterwards into Pains all over his Body. I would
have remedied thefe Symptoms by Bleeding and Purging, but that
his Weaknefs put a flop to any fuch Courles. He grew worle,
having had no Stool for tome Days (for he had, befides his Colick,
a Rupture) and complained very much of Pains every where,
efpccially in his Belly. I gave him ExtraB. Qlud. gr. 15. which
did not work, wherefore in fome hours more I gave him thirty
Grains of Til. Q^tiffl for his Jaundice and bound Belly, which with
Sena boil’d in Chicken- Broach, or great Quantices of thin Water-

(qq) 8tu«l

The Introduction.

cruel did not relieve, but be grew phremic and idle in bis Talk. I
nave him, after a while, a very ftrong Decoaion of Sena in Water,
which took effea, working four or five times, but it was fo far from
alleviating his Diftemper, that he grew wotfe. He loft bis Sighc
quite, although his Eyes look’d well and without blemifh, for which
1 order’d him to be bled. I blifter’d him in the Neck likewife, and
thought his Diftem pet uncurable, if at Full Moon, or two or three Days
after° he did not recover. He flept not, but had ftrange Perfua-
fions or Imaginations in his Head, and dos’d at firft, but afterwards
fell into a perfect Lethargy. When his Sleepinefs was over, he
awak’d, but leem’d to be penfive at fome ftrange things in his Mind.
I apply’d Blifters to his Wrifts, and on the Day of the Full Moon,
he came to fee fomewhat, and at the fame time recover’d fome of his
Underftanding; yet, a great many things were blotted out of his
Memory, fo that the Remembrance of things paft, not only during
his Sicknefs, but likewife before, were loft, and fome Imaginations
and Fancies, were fo faft imprinted in his Mind, during the time of
his being not Compos Mentis, that afterwards, when he dilcours’d and
reafon’d very well, there was need to take Pains with him to unde¬
ceive him, and make him fenfible of his Miftakes, but in a few Days
that Reafon and Experience had taught him to judge rightly, he was
well. When he was recovering, it was very hard for him to bring
out fome Words at firft, which, I fuppofe, might proceed from his
forgetfulnels of them. This blindnefs is not a very common Sym¬
ptom with the Cholic, orBelly-ach, but yet appears now and then.
I have my felf feen feveral Inftances of it. There appears no Blemilh
in the Eye in this Cafe, and they are ftruck Blind unknown to them-
felves or the by-ftanders, till they come to try their Eyes upon any oc-
cafion. This (ort of Cutta Serena goes off in fome Days, and they
tecover their Sight, at leaft as many as I have feen or read of, recover’d
it by the ufe ot Bleeding, Purging, Bliftering and Cephalics.

The End of the Introduction.

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T O

I

HEN our intended Voyage to Jamaica was drawing near,
I was defir’d by feveral who were to go the fame Voy¬
age, to give them my Advice what Phyfick would be
belt to prevent their being Sick at Sea, and receiving
injury thereby, and by the change of the feveral Climates
we were to pals through ; to which my Anfwer was.

. , VVimt Wi*3 utung, ana to ufc oxercrie, ahd the

°lhe i uf wijhAhac moderation, tfiat their Bodies might be kept in

a healthful Hate, andmadeftrong and able to Endure afty Difeafefhould through
unavoidable contingences attack them ; for that when one is well, if Phyfick
be taken, it mull either make no alteration at all on the Body, and then it will
not deferve the name of Phyfick, but be a Chip, and (b confequently a
needlefs trouble and good for nothing; or it mud make an alteration on
riiofe, who being fuppofed perfectly well in Health, mud by it be changed and

*Cnr ^f0me °f thPfe W}°n TuId take Pbyflck notwithdanding this
warning, felt this true to their Cod, being by Purges thrown into Gripes, and

other troublefome Didempers from which they were not lb eafily freed The

fame Argument might be urg’d againd thofe, who when perfedly well will ?reventiv

Machiavel did not) or Sicknefs, will at lead by Cudom, which will become far'd.
at lad neceflary, make themfelves Slaves to bleeding and purging every Fall
and Spring to prevent Difeafes, which are much rather brought by thefe means
than hindered. And it feems as reafonable to me that a Soldier fhould be¬
fore a Fight come to a Chirurgeon to ask a remedy to prevent his being Shot,
as when one is altogether Well, to aPhyfician fora Remedy againd Sicknefs.

And to confirm this necefTary Caution a little further, I have feen more than
once in Seafons for Epidemical Difeafes, as the Small-pox, &c. that thofe who
have ovcr*wife, in either taking Medicines or Journies to fliun the com
mon Didempers, have, by the agitation they put their Bodies into, been
taken with what perhaps otherwife they might have avoided.

.V ' *j C' ' ~ .iv . : c. ’ . . V . ZQfl

On Monday the xi. day of September 1687. I wenc on Board the AManci
trigat, one of the King’s Ships, of forty four Guns, and two hundred Men,
Commanded by Captain Laurence Wright , lying at Anchor at Svithead near
rortj mouth. She had in Company two large Merchant Ships, and the Dukes
acht, carrying His Graces Provifions and Servants. We weighed that

B After"

The Common
Sea-ficknefs
confide? d.

Acofia’* 0-
ftnion con¬
cerning it re¬
futed.

* Martens,
cap. 6.

A Voyage to JAMAICA.

Afternoon the Wind being North-Weft Northerly ; but next Morning the
Wind coming South South-Eaft, and blowing hard with Rain, we came back
to St Helens Road, where we lay in eleven Fathom water, Oofie Ground,
and about three Miles from the Land, till the 19- the Wind being South-weft crly
all this while, with rainy dirty Weather. We who had not been accuftomed to
the Sea, at firft fetting Sail, or even on firft going aboard, by the Heaving and
Setting, asSeametrterm it, or the Motion of the Ship by the Waves,. Were all
of us almoft Seasick. This firft appears by a great uneafinefs an^ load about
the Stomach, diforderand aching in the Head, high colour’d Urine, and Vo¬
miting at firft what has been lately eat or drunk, then a great quantity of
ferous Matter infipid to the Taft, and m'ixt with Ropy Phlegm. Then if the
Vomiting continues, comes the Yellow bitter Bile or Choler, pump d up by
the inverted motion of the Duodenum out of the Gall-Bladder, as well as the fub-
acid Juices from the Pancreas and neighbouring Glands, w hich give a greenifh
Tincture to whatever comes up, and fometimes a four Taft ; and after thele
Liquors vomited up, as after a Natural or Artificial Vomit, the Perfons ge¬
nerally from defending and not caring what happens to them, come to be
very eafie. There are great Controverfies among learned Men concerning the
Caufe of this Sicknefs. Jofeph Acofia afcribeS it to the Sea-Air, but I think
without any manner of Reafon, for it feerns only to proceed from the unac-
cuftomed motion of the Ship *, which is fometimes higher or lower, or on one
fide or t’other, according to the Waves on the top of which Ihe fwims, or the
Sail file carries; few People are Sick when the Waves are fmall, and the motion
of the Ship inconfiderable, and. thofe unaccuftom’d to the Sea are always out of
order more or lefs in proportion to the motion of the fame, and are extremely
fick in great Storms, when even the Seamen thetnfelves, who have ufed that
life many years, are not free from it, as many have related to me- It feerns to
be a greater or leffer Vomit, according to the Weather, and that, as Artificial
Vomits, they fometimes work eafily on fome Tempers, and on other People
of a different Conftitution not at all. That a very fmall unaccuftom’d motioii
of Man’s Body will produce Vomiting, is Very plain from thofe not ufed to
Coaches, or to ride backwards in them, which aitho it is not a very extraor¬
dinary motion; yet in fome will produce the fame effeds as if they were at
Sea. And that a greater Will fcldom mifs, is evident from the Vomitings
which moftly follow violent or Confum'ptive Coughs, which feem only to
affed the Stomach in making it move irregularly with its Contents, by the
great motion of the Duphragma and Mufcles of the Belly : and this is more
plain by that fort of punifliment ufed in Switzerland, and fome other Coun¬
tries, Malefadors being put into a fort of Cage, which being turn’d round
makes them fo Sick as to Vomit with uneafinefs. As to the two Arguments
ufed by Acofia to prove his Pofition, they do not move me ; for his firft, that
the farther off Land, one is the ficker, is not true, for People are generally
fickeft when they go firft on Board, and although the motion of the Ship, be-
caufe of the largenefs of the Waves then is greater, yet by Cuftom they be¬
come not fo Sick : and for that other Reafon of his, that he was once at Land
fick on a great Sea-breeze, I believe his ficknefs was accidental, otherwife
thofe who live on fmall Ifiands far remote from Continents, as Si. Helena, would
have a fickly time on’t. Why this unaccuftom’d motion fiiould produce this
effed, is beyond my giving any tolerable account of, only this is obvious,
that Water in any open Veffel, if not lafti’d fo as to remain Horizontal in
whatever Pofition the Ship be, will on alterations of the pofture of the Ship
overflow ; even fothe Contents of the Stomach, if Liquid, may run impetu-
oufly feveral ways, touch or make an irritation on fome parts of the Body or
Stomach it did not touch before, and how fenfible thofe nervous parts are,

need not be told any who have feen Vivifedions, where the leaft, but fuper-

ficial

3

A Voyage to JAM AIC A.

tfciai cafic touches, even when the Guts and Stomach ate in Tome Animate
out of the Abdomen, will caufe a fenfible and vigorous Periftaltick motion '

ii^S?° r!fp0 rdl ^tatea&lutary^cfts (aid to enfue Sea-Sicknefs m The eW>
a 1 d ilea fed Perfons, and its no Ids famed ones in preventing Sicknefs in thofe thereof
thatareSound, I confefsmy lelfto difTent from thofe Opinions ; for althon shin
feveral Diftempers very frequent nowadays from Intemperance; ;&c. cieanfm^
the Stomach by Vomit be a very good remedy, yet I think it nekhet uni verfat
in every Didemper, nor this by Sca-ficknefs to be able to do more than a
g-ood ordinary Vomit, having likewife this very great Inconvenience, that
it is not in the power of the Phyftcian to (lop this, or moderate the working
of it, as he may a Vomit, -no more than he can command the Waves or (top
the raging of the Sea; whence many People by the lading of tins pefpctiTal
Vomiting, in iong Voyages, have been brought to even Death itfelf, and
others extremely weakened thereby. For ail thofe Arguments from the fib
thinefs of the Subftances vomited up are very frivolous ; for I queftion nbt
but many perfectly found People vomit them up, who would not have any
Sicknefs, if they had not lb vomited them, and to the Oeconomy of whole
Bodies they were abfolutely necefiary ; the Serous Matter br Spittle to be a
Menftruum to their Vi&uals, the Phlegm to defend the Tunicles of the Sto¬
mach and Guts, and the Gall as well as liibacid Juices from the Glands to help
the Digellion of our Vi&uals-and forward the Secretion of the ufefu! Juice-s
and Excretion of the Excrements, which lb necefiary Subftanccs, either fimple
in their own Colours, or mixt together, and fo making a new Colour are
ufually fo much and undefervedly blamed. • ’ ;

For Remedies for this Sicknefs ( which not one in ne!ar fifty efcapes *) I know And pro-
none perfectly fo ; but keeping in a quiet pollute, in a place where is the lead bable Reme-
motion without any noifome fmell or fight, is the bed. I ufually at fird de- dm-
fired them to drink quantities of warm Water, or Small-Beer to make all come * RauwolF-)
up eafily, on which they found Relief, and in fome days they grew better. cap' u
Or with the Ships motion this Scknefs abates, and then when there is only
Squeamminels, eating of Victuals relieves'- rather than hurts. Marmalade of
Quinces, Candy d Citron-Peel, burnt Wine with Spices, and generally all
Cordial hot Waters, gave me no eafe but fometimesmade me ficker • having
been, notwithdanding tryal of all thefe things, troubled with this Sicknefl
for a Month together in going to the Weft-Indies, and fix Weeks in coming
Home, upon every the lead pufT of Wind extraordinary. At the word a Foot
on Land always fet me free from all thefe Symptoms and Maladies immedi¬
ately, altho my Head would turn round and feem’d to have an odd motion
within it for fome time after.

’Tis very ordinary for Sea-Sick People to be very much bound in their
Bellies, becaufe of the Peridaltick motion’s being inverted, the Gall or na¬
tural Glider voided by the Mouth, and that they have no Appetite for Solids
neither diged fo much Food as ufually. To remedy which I ufed to give
gr v. extr.Rud. a little Manna, or lome eafie Medicine to Stimulate Nature,
and to hinder the baking of the Excrements in the Cells of the Colon, and by
that means hinder a Colick. But one need not beover-lblicitous about this mat¬
ter ; becaufe if they Eat not as they ufe to do at Land, they cannot exped
the fame quantity of Excrements. This confideration may be of fome ufe
likewife in the practice of Phyfick, where Phyficians for the fame reafon in
difealed Bodies ought not to expebl Excrements as in Health,

The 19. of September we Weighed Anchor, the Wind being at North-Ead in
the Morning, it chang’d at eleven at Night, whenweTackt, and was variable
from South-Ead to South- Wed, and for the mod part a frelli Gale. On JVe arrive
Wednefday the 2 1. the Wind being a£ South and South by Wed, thick Weather, before Pk
much Rain, and like to blow hard, we went into Plymouth Sound, where we mouth,

lay

i!

S

*

!

I 11 i

Hi

iJI

Htrunclo
Marina
major de*
fcnbed.

A Voyage to JAMAICA.

lay in fever. Fathom water, and (truck our Topmafts, being a hard Gale and

much Rain tiU WeimUn the -y. of Oclcbtr, nothing

meltable P ffmg ^ Wind being for the mift part South-Wefterly, and
memorable pan g. Weather and great Seas rowling in upon us

was obliged to vrfrt Silk People on

dWeUevIml times with it were cuftomary for Men of War to go neater the
whele we had been well defended by Hills from the injur.es of tire

Wind : hut bv lengthening the Cables and our good Tackle the Anchors held
Wind, but by ieng s , defcrves hereto be noted that from our

firm, and we received no W ^“days, we have had, except one

coming on South-Weft Winds, which for the moft part reign here

day, almoftf makina it very l ard for outward-bound Ships to get

ST c£E>” tT dut «.<» » tr«k

aft We Weighed Anchor from Plimouth on Wcdmfday the 5. of OBober, the Ci-

isS cs

snS as

dea’r themfelves of that as much as conveniently they can, that when a con
trarv Wind comes to crofs them they may have room to Tack, and no be
afrald of a Lee-Shore, which is fo formidable to them, that they rather chufe
infuchacafew take a Harbour than to lie at Sea, where if the Head Sea be
tint verv confiderable, by tacking they always get fomething forward be the
rnnd never fo contrary I obferved at about fifty Leagues or more of the
. 1^7 J Sea many of a kind of Lams, or Gull, very like to that defcrib d

e . • u;norv 0f Birds by the name of Hirundo Marina, or Sea-

sLtf Sytg fofwlih Reafonyiihall call .. Miranda Marina
This Bnd was^igger than a Pigeon, it was of; } dark grey adouron the Back,

todreSurface'orthe^ater^'wH^it^dextroufly ihun’d touching, after the man-

^ am. cloftr “»coS

Manna , being very i v an ayoid being wetted by the Seas,

there; fo as one' would admit e how > hey can ^ in

SmpaS regethcr fa tiremftlvS on the Surface of 1 l Water efpecially

•Sfdhst smsSBT

flavour The further ofF Shore we went, we had the fewer of tneie Dims,
altho we never were entirely for feveral days without feeing fome of them ,
bu mSl when we were about the Madera lflands, there being fome uninha-
1 1 T/i 1 j d yyrUc between that place and the Canary liles, known by

El’S' all! r,m. Wte ?•»> tall! '*>

-14- were at top of the Water to take fmall Fifli .having .met ^ "toft of the
P. way to Canada : and what ^ if doubt whe-

much bigger . f[c l < „> or Avis d Lufaanis Gar ayos diffa Aldrov.*

• f Wy*. «-ST2*5ESS

A Voyage to JAMAICA.

counted about OnThundreTLeaeuesTrom **?'• ‘S commonly

&utl,-weft , the Flag was hoSfdlf^e Ma,n-re ^ «*

Huzzas, and Guns difcharged at drinking his GracftlJe Duke rif!3/i ?*

Health, who was then Vice-Admiral of thofe Seal VgeK4r/‘ s

likewife fliewd their Refpedt, in difcharging rlt ?llps ln Company

to the Flag; the like £•"* ° ^

Company with the Frirrar m i V ,rouncl tor Guinea, who kept

who are very bufie about thefe parts^one wf? tbeSa/^ Men of War*

Head, hal’d up his Sails, and lav bv till il,P r W l° Was ^me Leagues a
wife, by a Salute of all his Guns mid the Frfac 'vas Pafl:’ when he like-
Commander of thofe Seas! ’ P ^ was dlle * *e

On Friday. the 7th. of Oclob. 1687 we had * r „ „r, ,

low’d us: This fort of Whale which is the lead nnA ^f T 13 f’

the Dolphin or Porpelfe, is about forrv !w |C ^ ®me k,nd wit!l
broad, is fmooth, and of a dark brown colour in°rl,eRnSi anct pcoporttonably
"els in the Head, through which hTf^TZ w , ’ and hi‘st«oChan-

when he rifes from the bottom above the Surface bAhto-iT*/1”^ ! Swf.m,S

he does very frequently, blowing and fo going down again Tlifr Whlch
frequent in the great Weftern Ocean Th^ « 1 aSain- This fort is very Tbt Grain-

witl final. Shot,8 but wit™ 7 ***

very devourmg, and chafe into the Shore the greater Whales and V

quentiy thrown on Shore in Scotland, where chef are abdut Twenty fiveto
long* In is called Bal&yta utraflue M/ivili # j oot

sum. a#: ««,

of ^rS/;;73-^ tfh

Poot^Punhas, f.joj. The Grampus of Smith, Firg. p.x%V McVSgU°d,

wS, « w‘n s sr4Js by • ui{zv: mfries v ^

in the great Weftern Ocean; th£go7enerailvma'nf; Z A'
they appear .bout a Ship they are^ntfd to p' e%e f ftofm ^"thaTthe

\\ ind will blow that way whither they go • thev arc nnr ’ d 5 iat the
the Tropicksas in the Northern parts! They art much fttZ c ^ f" rT?‘ *'
m the Water than a Ship under Sail with a good Half f ur mSm/am“Ig lmM-
taken by Harping-Irons, "and the Fat tog offtoeS* F^and

“-3?X7a1' “ “ ™r St £41

weather, *) fonietimes more, and fometimes lefs aifl arcfon * t- — ^ t^®#
ing that they feem to be crooked, Soffit Fifures" “

s 7 b/ the t?. °f ^ of

t*DzrL T;y ■ $ f c f zt r:;:.

JJJau I p ^ 4 £ ^eCauche. p. 141. D. Abbeville, p. i0. Marfovin

r/'rab 4r“'Bf0f *97. Phodm Rond k 473.'

Pur chat 11/ l pJd^A'rI'-rlSr2'’ An Boto$ & Toninas o{ Anonym. Porta*.
mhrJt r r Th Turfi° B/lir ?• **• ScaliZ' or Hog.

* iZl h ”• ^ Ambtzeangulo feu Porcus aquatilis. PVafet. p i0> Pot
them.; ’ 4?' fFr°m Whlch Authors a lar§cr account may be had of

C I Kiri

I had

6

A Voyage to JAMAICA.

Concerning
the fparkling
light of the
Sea-water.

ApuJ Cluf.
inCur. pofter.

ihe reafon of
this Appear¬
ance.

I bad very often heard, but never obferv’d before, the fparkling light of Sea-
Water, which appears thus : In a dark Night (the darker the better will you
obferve it) if you look attentively on the Surface of the Sea, you fhall fee now
ana then a little fparkling light fometimes broader,and at other times narrower*
which prefently vanifbes. If you row in the fame, you fee it very plain where
the Oars touch the Water. On a part of the Sea where a Wave breaks or
curls you fee it much plainer, and by the Ships fide, or Bow, where the
Water is more broken, you lee it mofl of all. Sometimes you ihall fee as it
were a Spark of Fire leap up into the Air as if a Flint and Steel were ffruck
together, which nevertheleis vanifhes very foon, though fometimes I have feeii
a lparkle left by the Water on the entring Ladder of a Ships fide, which has
continu’d there filming for fome half a Minutes time, like the icy Notfiluca-oi
Phofphorus, the light of this being as to colour, &c. like that of the other:
the Seamen told me that they were more ordinarily to be feen in Southerly
Winds than any other, how true I know not, but am fure the more the Sea is
broken or white, the more you fee of them : I endeavoured with a Swab fe-
veral times dipt into the Water to pull fome of thofe Sparkles up, but could
not, for they would not flick to it, wherefore I had a Bucket of Water drawn,
and by moving it up and down with my Hand faw fome of them appear now
and then on its Surface; but once had the good luck to move it in fuch a
manner that one of thofe Sparkles hit on the Bucket-Rope, and flicking there
gave me the opportunity of fquatting it with my Thumb, and making it by
that , means give a larger light, which it did for fome fmall time, and then
went out. I did not obferve that it had any adtual heat on touch. Nicolas
Papin, who wrote a Treatife in French about this, giving it the Title of Mer
lumineufe ou traitede la lumiere de la Mer, tells us* that agitation without Froth
produces it even at bottom, p. 129. how true I cannot tell.

This flrange and forprifing Phenomenon is by feveral People taken notice
of; Vanderhagen fpeaks of it as extraordinary in fome places, fo that it was
like a Lanthorn giving light, Martens cap.z. tells us that the Sea fhines like
theluflreof a Diamond, and foretels South or Weft Winds. Z./>0/z when he
takes notice of it p. 7. thinks it comes from the Salthefs of the Sea and the
hard Boat flriking Fire, and that it would be Fire if not quenched. Not to
recite the feveral Opinions about this, I am very inclinable to believe that
it may proceed from fome of the fmaller Particles of Fillies floating in the
Water, although fo fmall as to fly thequickefl fight, for I could not ob¬
ferve any difference between that and the mofl limpid Sea- Water I ever
faw. I am the more inclinable to believe this, in that l have feen on the
Sands, left uncovered by the ebbing of the Tide, feveral Portions of fifhy
matter fhining after that manner, only larger; the fame is to be feen in
Oyflers, Lobllers, &c. And I fee no improbability in fuppofing fmall cor¬
rupted parts of Fifhes to roul up and down in the Sea-water, and when they
come to its Surface either by themfelves or in Bubbles, whereby they are
more expofed to the Air ( broken-water being nothing but a heap of
Bubbles) they fhine in the fame manner that a Piece of rotten Filli will
fhine in the dark, and the relation of Seamen may well enough agree with
this, the South-Winds being warmer, and more promoting of Putrefa&ion,
or aiding to Fermentation than any other Wind whatever. If it be obje&ed,
that it feems unreafonable to believe that all parts of the Sea fhould be fur-
nifhed with them, I anfwer, that it is certain, mofl parts of the Sea are very
full of them, and not to mention the relations of feveral Seamen, who have
told me, that both in the North and South Seas they have failed a great many
hours through Fillies Spawn ; 1 my felf have done lo for more than two days.
It feems to me that fuch Fifh-Spawn or fifhy Matter, if in great quantities,

dil-

A Voyage to JAMAICA.

$r

difcolours varioufly the Sea-water in the day-time, and raakesk, if darl «an-"

Sku^^’rt 35 %”«>“ <* 'f * quantity^, life, * tim% *». <M»

tells us, that about C*%« i the Sea is at feme t«n£s Red ,by the Oyikrs "?■ . 8.

-pawn or Purgation . and 7c«y takes notice pf Sea-water white as Milk r*(-s6.

not near Land. Hatch x n his Voyage publilh'd by Punkas fpeaks eC Wi£ pf,. U3

^'southTafn yeyo G.':l0md’cmdMe,mLC'i Wllite Water no Ground, in H-p.6 32.

4 . South Lat. Doumom tells us iof Water muddy and thick, with fpots of clear U t jio

near India. And Weymouth of Water as black as Puddle, and clear anain’

yet without.. bottom, at 120 Fathoms. And Hall Sailed in Black Puddle and in. *

Water for three Hours; - hut to come nearer our matter in proving, this 81 5-

Conjedur e Ml/ in the Red-Sea falls in the- Xight on whiriih W s lb „

railing and calling Flames like Lightning, ,.,he wondering; at it tSk

the Sails prelently, believing they were -on feme Banks or'Shoalsj and

commanded to call the. Lead, and j found Twenty, fix Fathoms. Pilots of

the Country not fearing went on again, ib. Saris met widi Ctittle-Filh in a. j v„

ftihng from the Red-Sea to India in 8°. ia* the Wind ..was, at Weft-South- chat ? 35 i

Weft Sep. 22 at midnight very dark, faw il lining WmMmge and fear-

ful, fo as to difcern a Letter in the Book thereby, he failed in it half an

otir, not without fear of Rocks, but he tells us it was fromCutde-Fi/h •
and Cauche, p. 20. tells us that the Worms threat the Vcllels, fliine in, the
wignc* . . ,

When we were about Forty Leagues off the Land, we -M a Lark which
had come, or been driven too far from Land by a Storm, perch’d on
the Ships Rigging ; it wasfo tir’d that it fuffer’d any Body to come widun
Arms length of it before it would ftir, and would have permitted us tojiave A Lark
caught it rather than have gone into the Sea, had.it not efpied theother Ships driven forty
to dome of which it went for refling itfelf when ’twas , fear’d from ours* Lea&ues t0
■T is very ordinary for Land-Birds thus to be driven off to Sea, and to light on Sea-
Ships being Jean and wearied oil the Wing ; fo Martens,^ 2, tells Sthat
lackbirds, starlings, and all finall Birds lofe their way in a Storm, and can¬
not recover it but either drop and are drowned, or fit on Ships : and that 3
( row hefaw/at Spit -berg) by miftake. had thus -come. aftray. :1

On Tue/day 1 1. When we were in about Forty fix Degrees of Northern La-
titude I firfl law what the Seamen call a Caravel or Portuguese, Man of War A Caravel
which feems to be a Zcophjtnm, or of a middle Nature between a Plant and deferred.
an Animal; it is of that kind of the foft Filhes called Urtica from their
Stinging quality, and to me feems different from any deferib’d by any natural
Hiftorian. 1 lhall call it Urtica Marina, joint a, purpurea, oblong a, c hr his
longtjjimts. cS

It is taken notice of by Stevens apud Hakluyt, p.99. where it is called a Ship
ox Guinea, and by de Lery, p. 399. under the name of hrmondicites Rouges
Martens calls it the other fort of Sea-Nettle in the Spanijh Seas that weighs
ieveral Pounds, of a Blue, Purple, Yellowilh, and White colour that burn
more violently than thofe of the North-Sea, they do fuck themfelves fo clofe
to the Skin that they did raife Bliflers, and caufe fometimes St. Antony s Fire
He lays further that one fort of this is called Sea-Spider, and is the Food of
Whales, which may, by the way, explain a Paflage of Peyrere in his Atom-
moiis 1 Book, called Relation de Groenland , where the Author tells us, that
Whales feed on Aranees dn Mer. Ligon calls it Car vile , and obferv’d it Pa*: 6.
live hundred Leagues from Land, and they are named Grandes Urtica by de
Laet, who takes notice of them in Brafil. Lib 1% c \

1 his floated on the Surface of the Water, and confifted of two parts the a. <72,
one was an oblong Cylindrical Bladder not fo big as a Turkey-Egg, it was
as it were blown up, and full of Wind, almofllike the Swim of a Fifh, wideft

8

/\ J/oyage to JAMAICA.

a corrugated or curled Le & , be which Seamen faid was lor its

vex on one fide, and Concave on . t # and blui(h colour

more convenient failing; all' 'asPa great number of blackifli and Red fibres,
and Pellucid ; the other part was ; a .g ^ here and there purple, having

Strings or Cirrbr, they were 1° g beir Original from the bottom of this

but if curled up were

Bladder, which if (fret died Nettles whence it is by fome reckoned

very fliort, flinging much worfc fettles, wn ^ ^ do affi m

Poifonous. They are very 0 managing their Bladder or Sail with judg-

that they have great skill in failing, managi g heit afferent Winds

meat, as may be moft for JXfon Zn I at prefent, am willing to

and Courfes; allowing tl'e“1V het parts than the Bladder and C irrht
do of Life, there appearing to me no otnet pa

abovementioned. . , i,ccaufe we were afraid of run-

On Tuefdaj the iB- at Night ‘ ^ j( jn tbe Night when dark,
„i„g upon the Aland of Madera, “Jf 3Jby the Dead¬
being in its Latitude, or Y,ry . appearingthatwe fliould be fo far

Reckonings, Corredted y * p r failing feveral Leagues, next

Weft as thofe Iflands ate placed- ,n ] and feveml of our Seamen being of
Morning we could not makeany , ^ ^ ^ almoft refolvd

Opinion that we were to t neareft way. feeing with this Wind

that we ihould hold on fa I Barbado « the neareft w ^ ^ us confi(Jerably

we could not eafily get backth > . . lthouJ Frefh Water, Provifions,

the going to Palma, or « of the Can*," , a« ^ ^ chem. 0ne of

and Wine wem a great ,nduceme»tV sg0 beingcall’d, and

and w ine were a and

the Captains who had made m y J s iing to t|ieir Inftru&ions and
coming on Board with the other , (1 puyic| weifare_) told the others.
Signals, were to come to conlult * . Voyage to the G wants, he

that having made this Ifland ufually ^ Weft>yb8ut if the Wind held we
knew that as yet we were n Reafon to him feemed this, that

might be there to Item ■* and «te ^ more Weft ; or that we, as
either the Ifland ought to be p t|lis tjme 0f the year had met

every Body elfe, failing through t Seas antj making a Current which

with Wefterly Winds, which bnngi gg .» ^ 0ceail} we had fail’d

* Pmcba, always goes with Wind ; “ h theg Eaftward, he thought we had

«. to. Tow- through a great Current oi , f and bee„ m0re Eafterly car-

ifen Vv. 1. had more Lee Way than we had l allow ^ we fhould perfifl till

to Guinea ried than we computed, and th pofitive affirmation

ap. H.dup, Night> then lie by for fear °f the ' worit , ’ wn y we made the

** 3 we aid, and on ft* the ilUflands or gS Rocks, lying on the Eaft
Defarts, which ate three fmall 1 Leagues from the Land. Being a-

fide of the Ifland of Madera about Three Leagt an Ifland be-

bout Ten Leagues from it, we and 0„e and a half broad, in

longing to the Portuguefe, Three L<»g No?tb.Eaft of Madera. It had five
33»: North Lat. Twelve Leagues to the North Men> as ;)i_

hundred Inhabitants, and y“ w“ ^ Difcovered according to Jo.de Barns,

W.r.r.t. Vies tells us, Punhas J79- who were fent out to difeovet

by Giovan Confaho Larco, and TnJhm P wn ft ^ iMention by a

Guinea beyond Cape Bajador, and fo for their being faved thereby

Tempeft to Porto Same, which they «Uodto of it,

from Shipwreck. They return d t g ^ g ^ Perefirello (whole

and went thither again with Three forks, one ^rr , fruits

w idow ChriPfher Columbus married) joynrng with them .my y ^

%

A Voyage to JAMAICA.

and Seeds, with a Rabbit big with Young, which multiplied fo fall as in
Z-ZTf. 'to!'1118 deftr°yd CVery thinS "’as planted in the Ifland.

When Pcr'firello was return’d to Portugal, Triflan Vaz, and Giovanni Con-
fllve Zarco,.dikovQrd Madera from Porto Santo, it appearing as a Cloud
It wasalmoft everywhere full of Wood (as moft uninhabited Countries are)

Ini TfQimc Tw CoZa.ho \° free Jt of w°od fet Fire to it, it burnt
and a jftroy d fo the Woods that the Inhabitants foon wanted for making the
Sugars, and were commanded to Plant. Ik cap. 3. *

Vie lay by all Night, and the next Morning being Friday , October zi and

fr°m we came to Anchor in the Madera Road, the

Caft e bearing North, diftant one Mile, m Forty one Fathom Water.

The Ifland Madera was fo called from its being all Woody that word in
Portuguese figmfying Wood. When the Trees were fired, they burnt fo im-
petuoufly that the People were forc’d to go into the Water up to their
Necks. Cadam 105. J0. Barr. Dec. 1 . It was difeovered by Mac ham in 1 3 44.
w hich was before that of Giovanni Confalvo, according to Galvanos ^Por¬
tugal Chronicle Purchas p 1672. It is Situated in 320. 30'. of Northern
Tatitude 9 fome odd Minutes Weft of the Lizard, is high Land very
rocky and fteep, fix Leagues broad, and eighteen long; inhabited by PoJ-

Trf\Z ^0pFUr0USh harVin| ab0^ at Prefent> EiShty thoufind Inhabi-
tants, whereof Fifty thou land are Communicants, that is above Eight years

°fdA 1 hf 2 1fa tIrfy1. Al*’ f?me FeoPle bving here to an Hundred years
of Age. It is fruitful in Catt e, viz. fmall Cows, Swine and Sheep, the
latter being Lean, and having long Wooll, almoftlike to that of Goats, not
curled as our Sheep The Air here is very Temperate, refrefhed for Nine
Months of the Year by a Sea-breeze 111 the Day, from Eight in the Morning
xt f°Ur i?11 tlC Afternoon, and a Land-breeze in the Night, from Eight at
ig it to Four the next Morning ; between which Breezes generally there is a
Calm : from the latter end of November till the beginning of March the Wind
is at between South and Weft, and then the Weather is ftormy, making great
Shipwrecks in the Harbour of the Principal Town Funchal, it being exjfofed
to thofe W inds, and only fecure in one place, where a Rock Perpendicular
and high keeps off the force of the Wind from Ships Riding between it
and the Shore^ Some few Years before I was here, the moft part of the
Ships in this Harbour had Buffered Shipwreck, the Winds being violent, and the
Water io deep, that the Cables cannot fo firmly hold as in other Roads, whence
Ships are fored to put to Sea on any extraordinary puffs of South- Wefterly
Winds, the danger of which frighting Seamen, does not a little hinder the
Trade of this Ifland. The Winters are here fo Temperate, as that ufually no
Snow lies, except on the top of the Mountains, neither is Hail very com¬
mon, though the Winter in the Year 1683. which was fo extraordinary hard
to Europe reached this Place likewife, the Inhabitants afTuring me they had
not felt the like- So I find by Smith, that in 1607. there was an extraordi¬
nary b roll in Europe, and that it was as extreme in Virginia , P. 21. And
to it happens when there is very hard or extraordinary Weather in one place,
it generally is to in others, contrary to what one would think. They have
Apples, Pears, Walnuts, Chefnuts, Mulberries and Figs ; of our European Fruits
in great quantities, Apricocks and Peaches growing Standard Trees, ripening
their Fruit without the help of a Wall, as alfo Bonano’s, Plantains, Oranges,
Lemons, Citrons, &c. Common to the hotter parts of the World ; fo that
this Ifland feems to be fit for producing the Fruits of both Hot and Cold
Countries : of the firft in its Valleys or lower Land, and of the laft in the
tops of the Mountains, where tis much Colder, and where many large Chef

D nut

Of the firft
difeovery of
Porto Santo
and Ma¬
dera.

Of the
Name, Air ,
Inhabitants ,
&c. of Ma¬
dera.

i o A Voyage to JAMAICA.

Of the
Wines of
Madera.

/

/

nut Trees grow. The greated part of the Ifiand is one very high Hill, reckoned
four Miles from bottom to top, which for the mod part is clouded, the defcent
of which being very fteep, makes the fmall Pvivers very rapid, and their Cliffs
or Banks very perpendicularly high. This Ifiand is very fruitful, having for¬
merly furnifhed great quantities of Sugar which was here planted, and was at
firft excellent, and yet what they have here is extraordinary but very little ;
the Reafon of which is, that there are fo many Sugar Plantations in the
Weft-Indies, ’tis not worth their while to make it, although being once refin’d
or clayed ’tis very White, and one Pound of it will do as much as a Pound
and a half of any other ; fo that although they make fome which is dearer,
yet they find fo much more Profit in manuring their Vines, that they fcarce
make what is fufficient for their own Spending in their Families and Sweet¬
meats, but buy that of their own Plantations in Brafil for that purpofe.
The greateft part of this Ifiand is at prefent planted with Vines, the Soil
being very proper, for it is rocky and fteep ; they keep their Vines very low
with Pruning, in that agreeing with the Culture of the Vines in France , as
alfb in that thefe Wines grow on the fame Soil with thofe mod efleemed there,
as the Hermitage Wines, which grow on the rocky deep Hills on the fides of the
Rhofnc. The Grapes are of three forts, the White, Red and great Mulcadine,
or Malvafia ; of which three the fird are mod plentiful, for out of the White
is made the greated quantity of Wine, which is made Red by the addition of
fome Tinto, or very Red Wine made out of the Red Grapes, which gives it a
deeper Tindure than that of Champagne, and helps it to preferve it feif much
better. It is diffidently known that White-Wines, generally fpeaking, perifh
very foon, and that Red ones are much eafier preferved, the deeper their
Tindure be ; fo in France they differ the Husks or Skin, and Juice of the
Grapes to lie longer or fhorter time in the Ct we together after bruifing, ac¬
cording to the Stipticity or Tindure they defire, or which is all one, the time
they would have their Wines to keep. The Virgin Wine, or that made of the
Juice running of the Husks immediately without danding or preffure, is foon
ready to drink, fine, and very foon perilh’d, the Husk impregnating the Wine
with fomething equivalent to Hops in Beer- The fame likewite happens in Oil
Olive ; for it is to be obferved, that that fort of Oil void of all manner of
Tad and Smell, call’d Virgin Oil, which runs off* the Olives without preffing,
will without the addition of Salt, in two Months turn rancid, whereas that
which has by drong preffing and danding been impregnated with fome fmall
parts from the Rind, or Stone of the Olive and Kernel, is able to keep for a
very long time without any addition. The Malvafta or Wine made of the Muf-
cadine Grape, does not keep, but Pricks very foon, and fois made in very fmall
quantities. The great quantity of Wine here made, is that of the White
mixt with a little Tinto, which has one very particular and odd Property,
that the more ’tis expos’d to the Sun-beams and heat the better it is, and in¬
dead of putting it in a cool Cellar they expofe it to the Sun. It feems
to thofe unaccudomed to it to have a very unpleafant Tad, though fome¬
thing like Sherry, to which Wine it comes near in Strength and other Pro¬
perties. It is Exported in vad quantities to all the Weft-lndia Plantations,
and now of late to the Ea(t ; no fort of Wine agreeing with thofe hot Places
like this. •

They have here fome Corn of their own growth, about as much as may main¬
tain them four Months of the year, but mod comes to them from Dantzick ,
Ireland, New-England, &c. in Exchange for their Wines to be carried to the hot
Ea(l and Weft-Indies, and fome few Sweet-meats, as Marmelade of Quinces,
Citron-Pills, &c. which they here make up with Brafil Sugar, or that of their
own Ifiand. The Sea round this Idand is very deep, (as it is in mod places
where the Land is high) within a Mile of the Shore 'tis Fifty Fathom Water,

\

A Voyage to J A M A I C A.

1 1

and one quarter of a Mile further to Seaward ’tis Fiftv more T„ J Mr

the colour of it is Blue and in iballow Green. It Teems to me rht rh
rence of the Colour of Sea-water (without troubling our felves with many Oi >i"
mons about it) comes either from the depth of it which 2 y?P
and diaphanous is of a deep Blue as the Sky when clear ™ Til Ve7 deeP

seif ssfs «&. ^tvzsrsr ;‘r- &

IS called fo from Red Coral, or Coral-ftone Ivine at bottom tl3Ct t ie

ter which is to be feen into Twenty Fathoms, look Red, or WhittMf White
Sand is at bottom ; or Green, if Green Oozy, Id. p , I47 ’ " h,te

VCry WeU Pr°vlded or Thynni, whole

T uhi!i FiR 7aS FiverF°ot lo,ng fro“ the end of the Chaps to that of -he
Tail, the Body was of the make and lhape of a Mackatel, being round*

or torofe, coveted all over with fmall Scales, White in feme Plac« and

of rhf ru ff A ATj th“e W3Sf UnS mn alo”g each ft* file coverings

ol he Gills of each fide were made of two large and broad Bones covered A!W«

with s i toning Skin the Jaws were about Six Inches long, having a fingle ifcM

row of.lhotcftrong lharp Teeth in them, and were pointed. The lyes W? e

large, and the G.Us very numerous, behind which were a fmall pair of Fins

Pofi ctmm was a Foot long Fin, about Three Inches broad at bottom and

Tapering to the end. It had another on its Back anfwering that on the

Belly and from thele were fmall PimnU at every Two inches d, fiance to the

forked Tail, which was like a New Moon falcated, before which on the

Lr"? °r-n’e c'!° S TaS 2 membranous thick horny Subfiance made un
°f |he F' l,es Skm> ^ood 0llt about three quarters of an Inch where it was
h.gheft, fomething like a Fin. It was about Three Foot Circumference a 1,T
tle beyond the Head, where it wasthickefi. The Eye was about m l„rl,
and a half Diameter. The Figure of this Filli is here added, Tab i. Fir t
taken from a dried Filli, where every thing was perfedl fave the firft Fin on the
Back, which I fiippofe was accidentally rub’d off' 1 “ie

It is frequently taken by Sailers with Fifgigs or White Cloath, made like
Flying-Fifi! and put to a Hook and Line for a Bait ; The Flefi, is coloured and
J alls as the Tunny of the Mediterranean, from whence I am apt to believe

' h'rr,eJ'\ IS,t0e f?Ued n°,C °nly ab0Ut W”- and m the way to
where.116 ^ “d 7** and

This is called Tunnyes of Oviedo fum. p. 2 14. Albicores of Terri p n Al-
hocores of Mandelflo p. 1 9<S Dolphin or Tunin of Marten, Omnus Rondel t
p. 149. Thunnus Gefner. 1158. Aldrovand. p. 507. Muf. frammetd. Rail Hid
p.176. Tab. M. 1. Corett. Thyme Species ejujd. app. p. y. & z.(. Tab. a. Mo. 1
where the Figure feems not good. Thymus Bellcn. p. 1 06. Salvian. p. 114. An
palmnte of Oviedo Sum. p.zn? Gudrapucu Brafilienfibus, an Cavala LMtanis
mflranbus Comnghvifch. Marcgr. p.lyi > Pif. Ed. 1658. p. to > vela, Cur-
vau pntma e]ufd. p I;c ,t Ed. Kjo. p. y. a Tons of Efcarlot Nova Francia
p. 35. du Raveneau de Luffan p. 1 7 1. An Allacoretta Pif. Ed. 1678. p. 7,1 Toni
d, Ferrnn Colon vita di Uriftof. f *9- An Ox-Eye of Arnmmm Portugal, ap
/War, p 13*3 j ml Tomrns Ejujd. tb. p. 1314 a Tunnies of Francis Guallc.

P«nhas 806 Albacoras Ejufd. p. 446. Hail, of Smith Mew- England, p. w
of Galvanos Turchas in 44“. North LatSouch Seas, p. 168;. Ton on ,Ld de

n ew* 7/7 3 8’ c rn ,cnmt Vf-.f; '4Z- Ul4» a Tuny Fifli of Duddeley.

v °1 AhhcvtU'-H°- A» C spamfb Macquerel of Liron>

Albac bores Pyrard.de Laval, p.6.137, *

It

12

A Voyage to J A M A I C A.

by4ScyCa"rJ;n°by Sc way fro the Weft-Mi's) playing about the Sh.ps,

by Spears thrown at them. White-Line, where they Boil thefe

They (at Maldives) are taR . drY them after by Fire on

with Dolphins and Bonetos m Sea- ^ , a^ foryTraffick. La Val , u8. .

Hurdles, which makes them P g very deep Water, are alfo

Dolphins, Bonetos, and that there is no Landing at the

found here. This Sea has lo g advantage of coming in with a Wave,
Town of M without taking he advanMgP ^ ^ ^ ^

and being pulld on ry 1 Ebbing and Flowing of the Sea is not
be lancli’d to go on Board. g ^ ^ fome fcw Towns in it,

here confiderable, if I rememb g • ^ the South-Eaft part of the

the Principal of which is thoufand Inhabitants, whereof One hun-

Ifland. The Town has about Ten thauttno mm The Governor of this

dredarefortheG6YernorsGuar,p T lives in the Caftle of

bland is a Portae off, having about

Funchal ; he Commands o * from tbe King, befides what he can

Twelve hundred .fg very fine Cathedral Church, and about Eight

get by Trading. Here is a v Hofbital, and in it a private Gor-

hundred Friars. They have her ‘ B treated for the Pox, a Diftemper
net for thole who Xown of Tmchd is well provided with good

very common m this Place, i ■ , -tll tbey te[ire jn time of Danger.

Water, and commanded by a ^ _ > t0 rcceive Rain-water, which maintains

It has a Cittern hew’d outof ^ r^hw annot Hang any here, but only
many People, and is very g • ron{iderina that thislfland had not been

thc Fourteenth Century,

very antiently Inhabited be g t , l bitants hereof to be Criminals
and that Common Fame relates all tte i mi ^ deal of Barbarity and

banilh’d hither, I expedled ^ „„ going alhore I was very

Rudenefs here, and nothing * w’nere m0re accompliflied Gentle-

much difappointed, ^ ^ dcfire; but m°a °f ^

men than here, having all the Y ^ ^ their Breeding to Portugal.

whether bred to Letters or not, or Lawyers, are bred up at Sa-

The Scholars, whether Phyficiati , ^ for thek own Bland to live. I

lamanca, and thence return m {poke good Latin, and

met with a very Inga uousPl ¥'«***«*£ ^annePrS are much the fame

underftood his f yXheir Women never ftir abroad but to Mafs.
with thofe of the VortuguJ . . c They are very much lervd

and appear not in thc“ ^ out of Bed the firft Week after lying

by Negros, and their Wome drawn Oxen, the Country be-

In. They carry every tlu“g narrow that no other Carriage can go.

ing fo fteep and rocky, andti Y ^ f { arC black Cloak,

Every Tradefman wears luslliort Doublet, Knife in liis Pocket. No Man

under it a long big hiked i Dagg . P who has a grudge at hrni

here dares go in the m th'dark for another Man 1

Ihould ftioot him, or left he tokl b 1 purchafe any Man’s Life.

was told half a Piece of Eigl c~ Lclfofit as alfo of Poor Jack. They are
Their Bread is good, and t iey _ ^ ^ goidiers before this Governor s

Fobiggotted to their own Guft » them, nor will he Fuffer his Guards

time wore Cloaks, but neither 1 . tb paic Gf all Merchants Goods

to put them on. The Kmg ias a b p j s fomething to be paid the Friars.
Exported or Imported into thJS Bland, behdesiom^ Merchants them-

™v?s p-teaants to change tl,cir Religion: few

A Voyage to JAMAICA. 13

few Leagues Weft: lies Three or Four fmall Iflands or Rocks, called the De¬
farts, which are Till’d by Eight or Nine Men fent from Madera, One of
them commanding the reft. The Commander fome Y ears before carrying over
his Wife and Daughters, he was kill’d, and they abus’d by the Murderers.

They make here lome red earthen Ware which is very thin and brittle,
cooling Water, or whatever is put in them ; the Red colour coming, likely
from the Iron lying in the Clay. I faw feveral pieces ' f Ore here which
feem’d to be very rich in that Metal.

People here having a great Opinion of the Skill of Eng V [h Phyficians, they
pray’d the Conful I might "come alhore and fee thole who were Sick, among
others they defir’d my diredions in the following Cafes.

A Clergy-Man of about Thirty Five or Forty Years of Age, had fome
while before been Ihot at by a miftake in the Night, by fome who took him
for one they ow’d fomt Prejudice to; the Gun was loaded with fmall Shot,
which lighted about his Temples, he told me from that time he began to lefe
the fight of one Eye, till it was a while after entirely gone, and a Catarad
(which I faw) grown in it ; the other Eye, (which is ufual, when one is hurt) obfervaii-
decaying fo much that he could fcarce fee any thing with it. I told him, I om of the
thought this might have been remedied if at firft: they had taken out the Difeafes of
fmall Shot, which in all likelyhood had weakned the Eye, made a fmall Madera*
breach or (lying near it) Compreftion qf the Optick Nerve, by that
means hindering the paftage of the Images of Objeds from the Eye into
the Brain ; but that now there feem’d to be no Remedies left, but to let
fome fmall quantity of Blood, Purge with Pil Cock and ufe Millepedes in
great quantities for a good time, with a White Vitriol Water, outwardly
dropt on the Eye, to eat away the Films as much as might be.

Many here had been very feverely Clap’d, feveral of which (by means of
an ill manag’d or protracted Cure) had been troubled with Caruncles and
Carnofities, and now had great pain in making Water, and a Stillicidium
Urina, fo that they were forc’d to have dry Napkins applied to keep them
from being wetted and Excoriation. Thefe laft Symptoms were common to
thofe likewife who had their Carnofities eaten out of the Urethra, and cur’d ;
but violent pains in making Water remaining, (forwhich mod part of the fa-
mousr,Pby^ans of Europe had been conlultedwithout fuccefs) I advifed
them to foment outwardly, to ufe inwa dly large quantities of DecoCtions
of Mallows, Marlli-mallows, and other fuch Emollient and Anodyne things,
to Emulfions and other temperers of heated fharp Urine, and to Gum Ara-
bick powdered and taken in very large quantities.

I was defir’d by the Abbefs of the Nunnery of the Order of Santa Clara to
come to that Monaftery, and give my Opinion concerning fome under her care,
who were Sick. I was brought firft into a Room where one lay abed, and the
others retiring file fhew’d me a fmall Tumour upon the Os Pubis, it had a fmall
blackilli fpot on the Head, and was very hard, fbe found very little pain in
it at moft times, but at others when file ufed to be purged by her Catamenia ,
fhe had moft intolerable trouble there, and a great Menfutm Fluxus out of
that Speck, with very huge pain. There was no Livid Veins, nor any fign of
a confirm’d Cancer, but concluding it to be very much inclining that way.,

I defired them in the firft place to abftain very religioufly from all outward
Applications, efpecially hot fmelling Plaifters, which they told me had done
her very much prejudice, I adviled her next to a Steel Courle, and (bme
opening Medicines, as decoPl. Amar. Milleped. eafie Purges, &c. as the way to
open Obftrutftions, fweeten the Blood, and fend it the right way, but what
fuccefs they had I know not.

F

Although

i4

Of the Birds
of Madera.

Of the
Plants of
Madera.

A Voyage to JAMAICA.

Although this Climate be very hot. Tome of thefe were troubled with true
Confumptions, for which I ordered them fome eafie Opiates, and other Me¬
dicines. I have obferved the fame Difeafe about Montpelier , amongft the
the Inhabitants of that place, though the Air be efteemed a Remedy for it.

But the greateft part of the Patients I had in this place were troubled with
Chlorojis, a great many of them from their Single, Melancholy, and Sedentary
Life, want of due and proper Exercife, &c. Falling into feveral kinds of
feveral kinds of Difeafes, bringing along with them variety of Symptoms,
according to the different parts of the Body on which they fell, for their
Blood wanting thofe Evacuations Nature defign’d them; it is eafie to
imagine to what ill Circumftances in fome time they may be brought. I
generally for this ordered them firft bleeding, thereby to avoid the danger
there might be from too much Blood, it generally abounding in Perfons thus
Difeafed, and then afeer Pome Vomits, or bitter eafie' Purgers, preferibed a
Steel Courfe, with Exercife. Thus having feen mod of thofe Sick in this
place, I went away after having received a very handfome and neat Treat
of Fruits, Sweet-Meats, &c. both the Preferves and Furniture of the Room
being of the Nuns own Work, than which I never yet faw any thing of
their kinds fb pretty.

As for the Birds of this Ifland, thofe I faw were,

Phaftanus, or the Pheafant.

Perdix Ruff a, Aldrov. The Red-legg'd Partridge, which is in mort parts of
Africa, and fome about Montpelier, and in Italy.

Merula Vulgaris, or the Common Black-Bird, all three to be met with in
Europe.

Paffer Canarienjis, or the Canary-Bird of Boile of Air, 178. Paxaros de
Canaria de Lopez de Gomara, cap. 224. Canary-Birds of Galvanos, Port. Chron.
Purchas. 1673. They are here in the Fields in Flocks, fitting on the ripe¬
headed Thirties and Plants, feeding on their Seeds, and making a noife
not unlike, but much pleafanter than our Sparrows. Thefe Birds are brought
into Bur ope in great quantites, and fold for Singing-Birds to be kept in
Cages, but thofe of thefe Irtands are fo much accuftomed to the heat of the
Climate, that they do not thrive fb well as fuch which breed and are Pent into
England for that purpofe from Switzerland.

Wild Peacocks and Pigeons were here caught in abundance with Perches at
firrt, Cadam. 105". And Peacocks are to be found now wild in iome parts of
the Continent of Africa.

The Plants I gathered, or faw in the Fields, were thefe.

Oleafiri Species ut quidam putant, ut alii iZizyphus alba. Gefn. hort. Germ,
fol. 269. Olea Sylveftris folio molli incano, C. B. Pin. p. 472. Zizyphus Cap¬
padocia quihufdam, olea Bohemica, J. B. Oliva Bohemica jive Eleagnos, Math .
cd. Bauh. p. 1 74. Lugd. p. 1 1 1 .

Lapathum pulchrum Bononienfe JinuaUm, J. B. Fidle Dock.

jafmimm tertium feu humilius magno fore, C. B. p. 398. Catalonicum. Park.
Parad.

Arum maximum JEgyptiacum, quod vulgo Lolocafia, C. B. Pin. p. 19 7, This
is here planted by River fides in great quantities for the Roots fake, which
is eaten, and very much efleemed, the leaves being good for nothing but
to wrap up things in.

Arundo Donax jive Cypria Dod. p. 6 02. Arundo domefiica Matth. Ac vaf
Donax jativa noflras, Adv. Lob. & Pen. p. 27. Lugd. p. 999. Arundo fe¬
cund a fativa feu Donax Diofcoridis & Tbeophrajl, C. B. Pin. p. 17. Arundo
£>nart a aquatica qn<e Donax vocatnr , Lon. fol. 173. Arundo vel bar undo magna

textorihus

A Voyage to JAMAICA.

15

trxtorjbus expert a Gefs. Hort.Gcr fcl. 248. The great Spamlh or Cyprus Reed
and Cane.

Rut a quart a feu ruta five ft ris miner , C. B. Fin. p. 336. Rut a five (Iris per
omnia (remits Hortenft Jed undiquaque minor , Gefn. Hort . Germ fid 2 77 /?„
tula fylvejlris Fen* & Lobelii, Lugd. />. 973. fylvejlris tenui folia ' C. B.

Not. Math, p 54 1. Ruta f ylveftris Lob. Ruta fjlvejlris minim. Dod p 120
Sylveftris montana ruta, Bod. a Stapel not. in theoph. p. 798. ' fhedns

Trag. p. 69. ' *

Hypericon minus . Dod, p. 75. Hypericon exiguum, Trag. p. 74. Hypericum
quint urn feu minus fupinum, vel fupinum glob rum, C. B. Pin. p. 2 79. Supinum
glabrum, Ger. Hypericum minimum Septentrionalium. Bod. a Stapel not in
Tbeophrafl. p. iojo. The lead trailing St Johns Wort.

Mufcus marinus plumiformis ramulis & foliis denfijfimis capillaceis. Cat.pl.Jam.p 6 lab.t.Fr t.
This from a broad bafe (licking to Stones, or other Solids at the bottom of the
Sea, rifes to be about three Inches high, being divided intofeveral Branches, and
they into Twigs, which were fubdivided into fmaller Branches, fet With long
round fhort Leaves, no bigger than Hairs, coming out of oppofite (ides of
the middle Rib or Stalk, of a glue or dark yellowifh colour, which did not
crackle under the Teeth ; they look juft like Feathers, and were more
thick branch d and fet with Twigs than any of the Abies-Marina-Belgica -
kind I ever faw *

I found this thrown up by the Waves on the Shore of the Ifland • of
Madera, near the Town of Funchal.

Lenticula paluflris fexta vel sEgyptiaca, five ftratiotes aquatica foliis fedo ma-
jore latioribus, C. B. pin. p. 362. For the fynonimous names of this Plant,,
as of the othets here mentioned, I refer the Reader to my Catalogue of Ja¬
maica Plants, 'p. H. to which he may fubjoin Lenticula paluflris ex infula Ja¬
maica;, fedi arbor efc ends folio fiubrotundo mold. Fluke net. Alm.p. 401.

I found this Plant either in the Ifland of Madera or Barbados floating on Tab ■> Fir 2
the Water, having feveral Capillary brown Fibres for its Roots, and appear¬
ing^ Nerves on the upper Tides of the Leaves which becaufe, it feems to
differ very little froin that of Alpinus, this being not Hirfute, I take to be
the fame, and his differing from that of Veflingius but in little, I think them
not to be two Plants. '

It is ul'ed for the fame Difeafes as Plantain, either outwardly or inwardly
in Juice or the Powder to a Drachm. J

Becaufe there is no account of the Seeds of this, or whether it has any or
no, I think this a more proper name for it than that of Stratiotes.

Hemionitis Afari folio, Cat.pl Jam. p. 14. Filix hemionitis dicla Maderenfis,
pediculis [plendentibus nigris, crenat is foliis Afari rotundioribus crenarum figment is
oblongo quadratic ob femina adnafeentia per ambit urn circumcirca rfiexis, Flukenet .

Aim. p. 155. lab. 287, Fig. 5.

The Root of this molt elegant Plant win made up of many brown Fibrils,
which towards the Surface of the Earth were covered with a Ferrugineous
Down, the Stalks were many from the fame Root, blackilh, round and
(liining , about (even Inches high , on the top of which was a round
Leaf, exactly like that of Afarum, about two Inches Diameter, having
Veins running from the top of the i oot-Stalk as from a common Centre
through the Leaf, which was of the confidence of Hemionitis or Lin¬
gua Cervina. Round the edges on the under-fide lay the Seed in a Welt,
being Ferrugineous, as of other Ferns, and making the Leaf appear as if it
were indented.

It was brought from Madera to Dr. William Sherard, by one lent to that
Ifland in fearch of Plants for Sir Author Rarrdon, and by him given me.

Lonchitis afpera Mar ant hie, J.B, Rail Hi(l. p. 139,

Adi an turn

1 6

A Voyage to JAMAICA.

Atamtum ramofum maps, fiUis fa fmmlis temihus hngis profunde laciniatis
Aaiant j j w/4 Camrtmfu ruU mUraru pnnulis

Zu -p -**-*■ “• Alm*f ^6-

, „ ^Thfs rifmo be a Foot and ahalf, or two Foot high, having a reddifh pale

Tab.iStg.h This rl^ j j theinfide, and round on the other, at Nine Inches or

at0Flts d!ftancr&om the Gronnd branch'd ; thofc Branches undermoft, or
next the Root, being the largeft about a Foot long having their a wigs, on
which Hand the TinmU or Leaves alternatively, they being long, thin, pale

green coloured, and divided into long blunt narrow SeSions or inc, litres, by

fergrVewyfnTheZmlnd of Madera, about half a Mile beyond the Town of
Funchal, by a Road fide going towards the Mountain.

Gram,,n vaniceum [pica (implici Levi. Roil bdijt.

Gramen daclylon Siculum multiplier panicula fpicis ab eodem exortu gtmims. Ran

Hifl.p. t%7 1. Plukenet. Tab. 91. Fig. *•

Gramen tremulum maximum. C. B Ran Hijr.p. 1174*

Gramen miliaceum angufti folium ahum Unfits minima, Cat.pl. Jam.p. -Jf. An
Gramenmontanum pamcula miliacea fparfa. C.B. prod. p. 17 i pin. p. 8 . Thea . ot.

, _ h 4h,s had a round fmall hard green Stalk or Culmus, frequently jointed at

•J ®'4' each joint, having three or four Inches long narrow graffie Leaves, and riling
to be^ four or five Foot high, the Panicle was about fix Inches long. The little
Twigs or Strings going out of the upper parr of the Culmus, and to which
S i were fattened were about two inches long, taking their begin-
„ ng from the fame part of the Stalk, Handing round about like fo many
Rays from the Centre, at about an Inch diftance more or els from one ano-
rhel after the manner of Oats. The Ucufa were not Scaly, but (landing fingly
by one another, being many and fmall, having within clay-coloured Glum* or
AafF one Ihining roundilh fmall Seed, like that of Millet. This fame
Kant which grew of Italian Seed in Oxford Garden, being given by Dr. She ■
fad, who found it in Italy, to Mr. Bobart, was much larger by Culture,

pamcula minus fparfa, cujus fingula gram, tres anftas Ion -

£iJJTU: sS'had'/panSe of 'about fix Inches long, not very fparfe, when
ripe of a reddilh yellow colour, the Spikes were placed alternatively at long
Intervals and had fet on them by fmall Foot-ttalks feveral very long Grams,
each of which had on their uppermoft ends three very long Art fa, by which
6' frmav be fufficiently ditt.nguilh’d ; the Glum* were of the fame colour with
the Panicle, and not awned = the Spikes were not many in number

jjrtica, caule lignofo, foliis temuoribus atrovirenubus , Cat. pi. jam. p.^. An

urtica urens ramofa Lujitanica Comm. Cat. Amft. p. 369.

This had an upright corner’d woody Stem.folid, and having a Fungous Pith,
beingcovefd wtth a fmooth reddilh brown Bark, rifing two or three Foot
high having Joints and Branches fet oppofiteto one another, on which (land
likewife opfofite to one another at the Joints the Leaves on three quarter
of aT, Inch long, Foot-ttalks. They are very thick fet with burning fmall

Prickles, being Inch long, and three quarters broad at ™U" mUch cu in
broaden, from whence they decreafe to their ends, being very much cut in,

on the edges thin, and of a dark green colour. , . jr

This (which comes fo very near the Vrtica mens minor, C. B. that I doubt it
it differ any otherways than in its Stature and Duration from .it) found on
the Madera Wand, near the Town of Funchal.

Perfuaria

A Voyage to JAMAICA.

Per fie aria prccumbens longiffima, angufiifolia, non maculofa , [pica longiori , laxi-
ori & graciliori. Cat. pi. Jam. p 48.

The Root of this Plant has feveral Protuberancies here and there, as alfo
great numbers of redifh Brown Strings or Filaments fcattered up and down Tab.i.Ftg.i
in the muddy ground. The Stalks are fpread round, trailing on the Surface
of the Earth for about four Foot in length, they are round, redifli, fmooth,
jointed at every Inches interval , having a fwelling at every joint , and
near the top one Leaf, exa&ly like that of the ordinary Hydropiper, only
much narrower and longer ; the Flowers fland on Foot-flalks, ex alls fol. and
on the tops of the Branches, like thofe of the ordinary Arfmart, only they
are not fo clofely put together, but more lax and Bender, and to them follows
in a green Flusk a lmall Ihining black Seed angular, and having two prickly
ends, very like to the Perjicaria pufilla repens. Ger. emac. only the Stalks are
much longer.

It grows in the Ifland of Madera, in a Rivers Bank, half a Mile beyond the
Town of Funchal towards the Mountain, and in Jamaica on the moift muddy
low Banks of the Rio Cobre, &c. very Copioufly.

Blit urn vulgar e minus furrdlum, Munt. pi. cult. p. 2.9 r. An Blit am Virginia -
num Polyfpermon crcltum viride D. Sherard, Plukcnet. Aim. p. 68 ?

The other Synonyma of this Plant, and of the reft hereafter mention’d may
be keen in my Catalogue of Jamaica Plants.

I found it in the Madera Ifland near the Town of Funchal, and it differed Tab. 3. Fig 2.
in nothing from the ordinary wild fmail white Blite, only it feemed to be
more eredL

Pfyllium majus ereclum, C.B. J. B. Rail Hifl.p. 881.

Convolvulus althea foli 'ts Cluf. rar. pi. hifl. lib. 4. p. 49.

I found this plentifully in Madera Ifland near the Town of Funchal.

It is good to cure Wounds, Cluf.

Salvia major, folio glauco , ferrato. Cat pi. Jam.p. 64.

This hath fquare whitifh or glaucous Stalks, rifing two or three Foot Tab.\*Fig,3°
high, having two Leaves Handing oppofite to one another ; on Inch Foot-
flalks, being two Inches long, and one broad near the Bafe where broadeft,
being cut in very deep on the edges, of a dirty green colour on the upperfide,
and very white underneath, having one middle, and feveral tranfverle Ribs.

It grew near Funchal in the Ifland Madera, where I gather’d it without
Flowers or Seed, fo that I am not able to determine its Family ; perhaps it
may be a Marrubium nigrum, or of lome other kind.

Horminum luteum glutinofum, C. B. Raii Hi/l.p. 547. Coins JovisGer. p. 769.

Origanum fpicis latioribus. Cat. pi. Jam. p, 67. An origanum Maderenfe no - •
firati Jimile odor at ins capitulis albic antibus Pluken. Aim. p 178 ?

I found this wild in Madera Ifland ; it has very broad Spikes in which it
feems chiefly to differ from Origanum vulgare.

Hedera ter re (Iris. Cafalp. p. 473.

I found this in the Ifland Madera near the Town of Funchal.

They ufe to Boil it in their Flefh Broths in Germany, Cord.

Trifolium bituminofum feu trifolium condemn aut -violaceum bitumen redolent*

Morif. Hifl. pi. part. 2 . p. 1 3 6.

I found it in the Ifland Madera. The Seed from Italy, in Germany produces
one with the fmeli and taft, but the Seed of the German Sown has neither taft
nor fmeli, C. B.

Fumaria quinta feu lutca, C. B. pin. p. 143*

Genifiella tinlioria Ger. p. 1316.

Scorpioides hupleuri folio, C.B. Raii p. 931.

Cictr fativum, C. B. Raii Hifl. p. 917.

F

Tithyma -

1 8 A Voyage to JAMAICA.

Tithymalus perennis & procerior Uni folio acuto. Cat. pi. Jam. p. 8z. Tithy¬
malus dendroides Linaria foliis ex infula Canarina. Pluken. Aim. p. 369. Pbyt.
Tab. 319. fig- 5. An Tithymalus linari# folio lunato flore Morif hort. Bloef.
p. 343 ? An Tithymalus Tingitanus linaria foliis lunato fiore. Herm. cat. pi.
p. 6 00 ? Tithymalus Tingitanus elation lunato flore Unaria foliis crebenimzs
Flukenet. Aim. p. 3 72? This Teem’d to differ in nothing from the Tithyma¬
lus annuus lini folio acuto Magnol. in Botan. Monfp. but in this that the Stalks
were higher and woody.

Plant ago quinquenervia cum globtilis alb is pilofes, J. B. tom. 3. lib. 31. p. 5-04.

Qaryophyllus barbatus fylveflris annuus latifolius multis capfulis fimul junflis do -
natus. Morifon. Hift. pi. part. z. p. 56 8.

Lychnis hirfuta quanta, feu fylveflris lanuginofa minor, C B. pin. p. 30 6.

Cifius folio oblongo, integro, glabro, fubtus albido, vafculis trigonis. Cat. pi.
Jam. p. 86. Hypericum feu Androfamum magnum Cmarienfle ramofum copiofis
floribus fruticofum. Pluken. Aim. ^.189. Phyt. Tab. 301. Fig. I. An Hypericum
feu Androfamum Canarienfe non fatens capitulis brevioribus filamentis donatis ,
D. Bob art. ejufd. ib ?

This Shrub was five or fix Foot high, having a folid Stem covered with a
light brown reddifli TmoothBark, and towards its top being divided into ma-
Tabg.Fig. r. ny Branches going out oppofite the one to the other, having likewise Leaves
fet on them one againft another, Tome being larger than others. The larged
are about an Inch long, half as broad in the middle where broadeft, fmooth,
whole, of a pale green colour above, and white underneath, with one middle
Rib, and Tome tranfverfe Nerves, going from it to the Tides of the Leaf, ap¬
pearing on its under fide. It has no Foot-ftalk but out of the Ala of the
Leaves towards the top riles many brown Stalks fupporting Flowers which are
whitifh with many Stamina, furrounded by a Pentaphyllous Calix, after which
come Heads of the fame colour, as big as a fmall Pea, being roundifli, tho
acuminated at top, made up of three Loculatnents or Cells, having each
on his top an Apex. Tn each of thele Heads lies great quantity of fmall ob¬
long Afh coloured Seed. The Head bruifed fmells very Uveet.

It grew beyond the Town of Funchal towards the Mountain, on each fide
of the Road, in the Madera Ifland.

Geranium Althea folio, C. B. Paii Hifl. p.1055.

Apocynum fruticofum, folio oblongo, acuminato, floribus racemofis. Cat. pi. Jam.

b 89-

This had woody Stalks round, and of the bignefs of a Hens Quill, covered
with a reddifli brown Bark, the Wood being folici and white, having Leaves go-
Tab.^.Vig.i, ing out at about an Inch diftance, always oppofite to one another; they hand
on half a quarter of an Inch Foot-ftalks, are two Inches long, and about three
quarters of an Inch broad, near the middle towards the Bafe where broadeft,
and whence they decreafe, ending in a point which is not very lharp : there
is one middle Rib, and feveral tranfverfe ones running through the Leaf,
which is undivided, fmooth, of a yellowilli pleafant green colour. Ex
alls foliorum, toward the tops come three or four Inch long petioli , which
are branched, and fuftain feveral very fmall Flowers.

I cannot exadly remember the place where I gathered it.

Trifolium acetefum corniculatum luteum minus repens & etiam procumbent. Morif.
Hifl. pi. p. 183.

It takes out fpots of Linnen, Cam.

Foeniculum vulgar e. Ger. emac. p. 1032,.

I found this in the Madera Ifland very plentifully.

Bupleuron primum five folio rigi do, C. B. pin. p. 278.

I found this in Tome of the Iflands going to Jamaica , but where I do not
remember.

’Tis a Sallet Herb. Cafalp . Bupleurum

I9

A Voyage to ] A M A I C A.

Blip l cur urn tertium minimum. Col. min. ccgn. fiirp. p. 8 y, frzyy.

I found this likewife in fome of the Iflands, but which I remember not.

Heli olr opium majus. Gefn . hort. Germ.fi z6i. An Hcliotr opium Siculum mu jus
flore amplo odorato. Boecon de Plant. S'ic.p. 90 ?

I found a Plant, fomething higher than the ordinary Hdiotroftum majus
is, in Madera Ifland, but I take it notwithftanding to be the fame, only
it varied in Stature from the Soil, being in every thing elfe the fame.

Solanum nonum feu fruticofum bacciferum, C. B. pin. p. 1 66.

Afparagus maritimns cr afore folio, C. B. pin. p 490.

Clufius feems to make this a diftindt Plant from the prat. & mar it. faying
they were differing though in the lame place.

Hieracium flellatum J. B. tom. z. lib. zy.p. 1014.

Hieracium fruticofum foliis tenuiffime coronopi modo divifis. Cat. pi. Jam.
f- 1x3. An Hieracium fruticofum foliis anguftififimis non defer ipt urn. Hort. Lugd-
Bat. Rail Hi ft. p. 239? Hieracium fruticofum anguftiffimo incano folio. Herm .

cat. pi. p. 3 1 6 ?

From one fingle, three or four Inches long, crooked, Root, rifes a woody*
folid, crooked, round, light brown Stalk, three Foot high, having feveral Tab. 5. Fig.
fmall Branches towards the top, and now and then tufts of Leaves, fome big- L 2-
ger, others (mailer, but all of them divided or laciniated very minutely, al-
moft into Hairs like the Leaves of Coronopus Ruellii or Sophia Chirurgorum.

The Flowers are feverals at top, (landing within a Galix made up of a great
many fmall, long, and narrow Leaves, which are reflected when the Seed
ripens, leaving many fmall black Pappous Seeds to be carried away with the
Wind.

It grew on the (lony Hills to the Eafhvard of the Town of Funchal in
the Ifland of Madera.

Alypnm, five Herba terribilis procericr , cortice cinereo fcabro, folio aenminato
longiore. Cat. pi. Jam. p. 124.

This rofe much higher than the Herba terribilis Narbonenfum, having a hard
white Wood with a large Pith, a Scabrous or unequal light brown or grey
Bark, the Branches towards their ends were very thick fet with Leaves with- 7^.5, #£.3 *’
out any order : they were two Inches long, and a third part of an Inch broad
in the middle where broadeft, being narrow at the beginning, increafing to
the middle, and ending in a point, equal at the edges, with one middle Rib,
and feveral tranfverfe ones of a yellowilh green colour. Towards the tops of
the twigs ex alis fol. come the Flowers, being (everal Heads round or Spheri¬
cal, made up of many very fmall blue Flowers, with their Stamina fet round
very clofe together in the fame Head, to which follows a very fmall grey Pap -
pous Seed, all over downy.

Helichryfum fecundum feu Helichryfo Sylvcfiri flore oblongo fimilis, C. B pin.
p. z6$. prod. p. izj. Jacea Stachadis citrine foliis pralongis paucis capitulo mi*
nore fubrotundo afpero, Pluk. Aim . p. 193.

It is good in Decodtions for the Colick, Clufi

Gnaphalium ad Stachadem citrinam accedtns, J. B* tom. 3. lib. z6. p- 160.

I found this both ramofe and not ramofe.

Chryfanthemum aquaticum Cannabintm folio tripartito divifo. Hcrm cat. pU
p. 146. An Eupatorium aquaticum Virginianum. Park, p.596 ? Chryfanthemum Vir*
ginianum bidens cannabinum Fluken. Alm.p 100?

Erica folio coridis fexta, Jett major fcoparia foliis deciduis,C. B. pin. p. 485".

Genifta non fpinofa prim a, feu angulofa & fcoparia, C. B. pin. p. 393.

Common-Broom.

The Flowers are eat in Sailers, although two Ounces of the Seed Decodled
are a Vomit Mef. but not more than Radiflies, &c. Lob. The water of the
Flowers, or half a Dram of the Seed beaten, are good againft the Stone, Lorn

Myrttts

20

A Voyage to JAMAICA.

Myrtus (optima, feu fylveftris foliis acutiffimis , C. B pin. p. 4 69.

I found this very plentifully growing wild in the Hedges by the way-
fides in the Ifland of Madera. This is ufed for Currying Leather, as Rhus
or Lentisk, Cafalp. The ripe Berries are ufed for Sauce, Math. Before Pep¬
per was found, as Pliny tells us, the Fruit of this was made ufe of in its

place.

Lycium folio oblcngo, ferrato acuminato fpinis minoribus armatum. Cat. pi. Jam.
p.iyi. This feemed to differ very little from the common Lycium, only the
Tab.^.FigA. Leaves were longer, (errated, and pointed, and the Prickles were not io
large.

Palma prunifera foliis yucc£, fruclu in racemis congeftis cerafi formi, duro ,
cinereo, piji magnitudine, cujus lachryma fanguis draconis eft dicla. Comm. cat.
Amft.P. 260. An Dragon-Tree of Dampier, cap. 16 > K

I found this in the Ifland of Madera in the Hedges very plentifully though
not very large. It is found in the Ifland Socotora , Borneo, Canaries, Madagaf-
car, and (Aluife de cadamofto at>. Ramn. pr. vol. p. 105 ) at Porto Santo, where
they cut the Trees at the Feet, and next Year find the Gum, which they
Defecate in Water by Boiling and Purging. The Fruit is Yellow and Ripe

in March, and good to Eat. .

The Tree is pierced near the bottom, and fo yields the Gum. The fruit
Cools and Alters, and is proper in Fevers. Cinaber du Diofcorid. Thevet.

It is adulterated with Rubrica and Colophony. C<efalp. .

Lobels Leaf is the Spatha in all likelihood. Lugd.

The Gum is ufed by Goldfmiths for a Foile and Enamel, and by Glafiers
for colouring Glafs, Park.

It is ufed to (Lengthen the Gums and Teeth , in bloody Excretions,

Fluxes, &c. Jonft. ‘

Opuntia maxima, foliis majorihus craffioribus & atrovircntibus, j pints minoribus
& pauc/oribiis cbfitis. Cat. pi. Jam. p. 1 95. An ficus Indicafeu opuntia maxima,
folio fpinofo latijjimo & longiffmo. Herm.cat. pl.p 243 i

This Indian Fig was in every part exa&ly the fame with the Common,
only each Leaf was broader, thicker, of a darker green colour, and not fo
prickly, having a very few white, iliort Prickles ; and fometimes only one
coming out at a hole very like that kind on which conies the Cochineel, only

it is not quite fo free of Prickles as that.

It grows in a Gully near the Town of Funchal in Madera, and in the Gz-

naries.

On Sunday 23. Having taken Wines and fome frefh Proviiions on Board,
we weighed Anchor and fet Sail, we having little V\ ind ; two days after v\e
law the Body of the Ifland, being about Twenty five Leagues, or Seven¬
ty five Miles' from us, and then we firft took Dolphins with Hlgigs, or fharp
arrow-headed or bearded Irons, fitted with Poles of about Ten Foot long.
Lead for the more convenient (Iriking them, and a Rope or Line tied
to them to hold the Fifgig, which is fliot at them by the (Length of the
Hand when they come within reach of thofe waiting for them, ufually
on fome of the Yard-Arms, Beak-Head, or Poop ; in which filhing the
great matter (eems to be to allow for the refradfion of the YV a.er. Lhey
were laid in wait for not only i'o, but likewife with Lines and Hooks, which
were hung out baited with Rags in the lhape of flying Hfh, and fo ad-
jufted as to hang fometimes to touch the Water, at others not, according
to the Waves, therebv imitating the Flying-Filh, which the Dolphins pur-
(ue with great greedinefs- Dolphins are reckoned the fwiftef! Swimmers
that are, their Bodies being contrived for that purpofe there is as much
pleafiue in feeing them purlue the Flying-Filh, as in Hunting or Hawk¬
ing, the Flying-Filh geting out of the Water, where the Dolphins can¬
not

A Voyage to JAMAICA.

not far purfue them. They are -lihewife invited to the Waters Surface bv
tnrowmg any th.ng upon it they being voracious. They love the Company
of a Slnp. becauie of what fcraps are now and then thrown over BoaX or
he Barnacles growing to the Ships f.des, infomnch that I have been 2 to
tome who have (ailed in Guinea Shins char thru i j i / a!i ,

Dolphins follow them for many h2eds of Ssltwlnr “e

lf°" ; anf RiV \i kV ia Obfervadonsmkes notice (Xinfomfe °f ***

Voyages they had followed his Ships a Tlroufand Leacmes alrlluT i .
had flrekes at them, and mark’d themfeveral tiX w,>h nX’r ,gh ’’f
marks they knew them to be the lame Dolphins * ^ Rdttrl Ip r°7’

to Brafybe, And knee, it may be, it was Vis Fifh Was thought by [ole to be the Dol-
phn of the Ancients, and to be enamoured of Men. One thing very remarkable
15 thf vari<™ Colours it puts on before S S

,uiy \ el low, with ranges or rows of (mall Blue, and round (pots which
very^ ftrangely change, and afford that pleafure to the Eyes, Pthac I con¬
tra UTv hahrBh^ rTS °f I118 NT^tUT f° furPnzing 5 after ail it comes
to a very light Blue Colour when Dead, which it keeps ever after. In this

property it is like the Chameleon, and this appeal feems very much to
depend on the (Irength or motions of the Spirits, and Fluids, unto or from
the olun by which its Surface is altered fo as to make thofe feveral Pheno¬
mena Martens tells us when Maccarel are alive they alfo give fine Colours

frpefred0 t!11 71 nfi W3S a fyin8‘Fifll hi its" Belly, ^which wasinpart
v v/ ?' Xile ^P1 lt:nPeJf Vvi^n made reac,v was dry, though pretty good
} lduals> aild vvell tafted The nearer the Head the more ’tis prifed, altho
I am apt tothink, that if this Fifh fo much commended by Sailers, were a
Shore in a Market, where other Fifo were to be had, it would not be counted
fo great a celicacy. There is a defcnption of it in Mr. Willnghbfs Book of
Fiflies and a Figure, Tab. 0. 2. which was taken when that Fifli was dying,
with the \anous fpots and colours on it : whereas that of Pifo under the
name of Guaracapema and Jo. de Laets, was taken when the Fifli was quite dead.

This is tiie Dorade of Very and mod of the French Voyagers, and the Dob
phm of our Englifh, and Dutch Seamen; and Sir Richard Harkins calls it

w£ 7 °f t lG Skniar7' Although Pifo fays that it leaps out of the
Water after the manner of Porpefies; yet I never could obferve that, unlefs
very feldom when having purfu’d Flying-fifhes to the Surface of the VVater
they gi\e a unfo leap to take them in the Air. It may very well be the Hip -

p«?us of pwMt-us it having all the marks of his imperfed defeription
though hts Figure be not good. Y

it is the Dolphin of Drake Hakl. Part. 3. p. 732, Of Ghffe ib. p. 770. Of
Efcarhot NovaFrancta, >.35. Of Hudfon Purchas, p.y8 8. 'of Ligon, p. 4.6.

Of John Davis Purchas, p. 132. Of Battcll ib. p.97o. Of Jo dosSanttoS ib.
f. 1546. Dorade de Rochef. 18 6. de Dutertre, 212. Gilt heads Of Oviedo [am
* f. HJtfurus llondeleui Gefn. Willaghb.p. 213. Tab. 0. 2. GuaraCapema Bra-
fiuenfibus, Marcgr. ed. 1648. p. 160. Guaracapema , Pifon.p. 48. ed. 167 8. Pefci
mdorati di Gel. f 32. A delicately coloured Fifh pieafant to look on, of Ra-
wife cap. 1. Hippurus Rondeletii, p. 25- 5. Dorada Warakapemme, Laet. p. 57 r.

DcraJos of Anonym. Port. Purchas, p. 1313. An Aureus Pifcis , Fernandez,

P;V.; T) or ode de Raveneau de Luff an. p. 171. De Lery, de Gauche, p. 141. Ab-
™ If P‘ 3°. An Dauphins, Fjufd.ib? Dorado of the Spaniards of Sir Rich,
r 2 an kins, p. 42. Dorado of Manddflo, p. 1 96. Where it feems to be Con-
iounucd with a Dolphin. Daurade de Pyrard. de la Vat. p. 137. A Dolphin
01 Jtfankins Hakl. p. 320. Of Boyle of Air,p. 1 79, Of Terry, p. 10.

j O This

ins

\

22

A Sparrow-
Hawk
blown one
hundred
Leagues off
Land.

The place of
meeting the
Trade Wind.

The Tropic -
Bird,

Of Sharks.

A Voyage to JAMAICA.

This Fifh is found in mod parts of the Hot Eaft and Weft-Indies, in the
South-Sea, and at the Maldives.

When we were about one hundred Leagues off the Ifiand Madera, we had
a fmall Sparrow-Hawk had been blown either by Storm, or other wife from
Land, he lighted on the Ship, and was fo faint and feeble that he droop’d his
Wings and look’d pitifully, he fate on one of the Ropes, and would not ftir
till we were juft going to take hold of him, and then he would remove to
fonie other place, or go to fome other of the Ships, where he could be more
fecure.

We had the Winds variable when we were in 250. North Latitude ; whereas
in other Voyages other people have met with the Trade-Wind or Breeze in up¬
wards of Thirty Degrees ; but from Friday the 28. Day of October to November
the 4 we had South-Wefterly Winds, quite contrary to the Trade-Wind or
Breeze, which may be fuppofed to come from the Suns being gone to the
South this time of the Year, and probably if we had been in this Latitude,
when the Sun had been in the Northern Signs of the Zcdiack, wefliould have
had the Eafterly Winds, as Seamen meet them, fometimes much to the North,
without confidering the probable caufe ; but wondering at the variety
produc’d by it.

The Fourth and Fifth we had a great Calm in about 240. 30' North La¬
titude, with it a very great Sea, tumbling us from fide to fide of the Ship.

The 5th. of November we faw the Tropic-Bird, or Avis Tropicorum, flying
very high round the Ship, they are very eafily known by two long Feathers
in their Tails, the Icon and defcription in Mr. Willughbys Book of Birds is
accurate enough, but to me it feems to be rather of the Gull, than Duck kind.
They are common every where between the Tropicks, and rarely feen any
where elfe, whence they have their name.

They are ordinarily met with firft in the Voyage to the Weft-Indies, Three
hundred and fifty Leagues off of Dominica, or Defeada, towards Spain, though
in the third Voyage we made thither, we met with one in the mid-way be¬
tween Spain and the Canaries, which every one wondered to fee fo near Spain.
Oviedo. I fuppofe this accident might have happened when the Sun was North of
the Equinoctial, and towards the Tropick of Cancer.

The Feathers in the Tail are made ufe of as Ornamental by the Savages in
their Hair and Noftrils. Du Tertre.

This Bird is taken notice of by the following Writers.

Bird with long Tail, of Fenton or Ward, HakJ. part. 3. p. 767. Fetu en cul
eu /’ oifeau de Tropic , de Du Tertre, p 2 76. Rabo di Giunco Col. ft 29. 32. Rabo
de Junco, de Oviedo, Hi ft. General, lib. 14. cap. 1. Coda di Giunco Ejufdem ap.
Ramnus, fol.161. Aves alia ralos de Joncos ditto, cauda Juncea, Aldrov. Ornith.
Tom.^.p. 744. The Tropic-Bird of Willughbj, Angl. p. 231. Tab. 76. Of
Smith Summer Ifles, p. 171. Une efpece £ Aigrette de Rochef. p. 1 65. White
Birds having in their Tails but two long Feathers of fo. Davis, Purchas, 133.

In the Calms, all over thefe Seas, ’tis ordinary to have Sharks come about
the Ships, we had fome often came to ours : feveral of the Seamen imme¬
diately, on their appearance, took great Fifhing-Hooks, with Iron Chains of
a pretty length, faftened to a long and ftrong Line or Rope, and baited them
with a piece of Salt Beef, or even Red Cloth, throwing it into the Sea in
their fight. They come for the moft part immediately and fwallow it, the
Seamen giving them Line to run where they pleafe, wearying and wafting
themfelves. Then the Seamen pull them near the Ships fide, and throw a
Rope, with a Loop or a Noofe, into the Sea, put it about their Tails, and
fo pull them out of the Water on Board, which never could be done, (with¬
out this help,) by the Hook or Line, becaufe of the great weight, and efforts

made

A Voyage to JAMAICA.

made by die Fifli. W hen trs got on Board it makes mighty ftrokes with its
Fins and Head, but moldy with his Tail, having therein a very great drength
which Manners well knowing immediately cut off, and then the Arteries
by tlie Sfjm dvrfi fpurt out vaft quantities of blood, till the Shark is weakned
and Dead. This Fifli is very well known to Natural Hiftorians by the name
Or Lams Carchanas & Lamia Rond. & aliorum Gefneri ; it has this particular to
it, with fome others of its own Tribe, that the Mouth is in its under Dart
lo that it muft turn the Belly upwards to Prey, and were it not for that
time that it is in turning, in which the purfued Fifties efcape, there were
nothing could avoid it forte very quick in Swimming, and has a vatl
ftrengtn, with the largeft Swallow of any Fifli, and is very devouring. It has

ev^,r,a j Pu<%s on ^ ^eac^ ^ d with a fort of Geliy, from which, being
prefsd by the water, iffues an un&uous, vifcid, flippery, and mucilaginous
Matter, very proper to make the Fifli very glib to fail the readier through the
Water. Moft Fillies have fomething Analogous to this. He had Three Rows
of moveable Teeth, and behind each Ear in a Cavity an almofl; fluid Body
which when in its natural bignefs might be almofl; round, of the bignefs of
a Six Pence, and as thick as a Crown-piece, this being put into Paper
and dried a little, grows hard, and if touched falls into an extremely fine
Powder, commended very much by all Seamen in the Stone, and difficult
Labour as a very great Remedy, and by them very carefully taken out
and preferved : this is what is mentioned by fome Natural Hiftorians under
the name of Lapis tuber onum, the Spanifh name for a Shark being Tiburon I
once on opening one of the Female Sharks found the Eggs m the Ovary
perfectly round as big as the top of ones Thumb, and at another time the
Fvtus or young ones in their Coats, lodged in the Uterus, after the manner
of our Viviparous Creatures, for upon cutting the Coats the fmall live Fifhes
came out, being able to Frisk and Swim up and down in the Salt-Water.

They are commonly about Ships in their way to the Eaft and We(l-Indies,
and about the Ifland of Jamaica, and are no bad Meat, though hated becaufe
thought to Frey on Men ; they are of a prodigious bignefs in the Mediter¬
ranean.

Thole of Nice told Gjl/ius one of Four thoufand Pound weight had been
taken wherein was a Solid Man, and thofe of Mar feilles took one had a
loricatum hominem in him. Arrows of Savages are fharpen’d with the Teeth of
thefe, being fharp and venomous, fo as feldomto be cured, Laet

One bit off a Seaman by the Leg to the Thigh. IJnfchot.

Ma [fdi£ & Nice a aliquando capta funt lamia in quarum ventriculo homo loricatus
inventus, Rond. Wherefore he is of Opinion that this was the Fifli, in which
Jonas was for three Days and three Nights, called a Whale, the want of an
Afpera Arteria, which (in ordinary Whales is necejfary for breathing) flraitens the
Gula, makes the Gula in this Fifli fo wide that a Man maybe fwallowed entire.
The Teeth which arefaid to be Serpents Tongues, arefetin Silver, and hang’d
about Childrens Necks to help their Teethipg, and likewife for Tooth-Picks.

They cut off with their double fets^TTeeth an Arm or Leg, as with a
Rafor, and eat Turtle, which Men feed on when taken out of their Bel¬
lies, Col. 213.

The Skin is rough drawn from Tail to Head, from one to five Fathom
long. It bites great pieces from Whales, as if dug out with Shovels, and De¬
vours all the Fat of Whales under Water. Train Oil is made of their Livers,
and Men cat their Flefh hang d up ; they fell them in Spain. They eat many
Men in walking, Martens. The Stones in the Head of this Fifli are good for
thole who cannot make water, and for pain in the Liver, Xim . Rochefort
calls thefe Stones their Cervclle, and he as well as Du Tertre allure us that

their

y\ Voyage to JAMAICA.

the,t LivcraSords great quantity of Lamp-Oil, and that they are of Eighteen

"ivetaHfttem' to take him, encompaffing and falling

0my'?£ tton affirm sail as «mch as a Man can out-run a Boy of
Four Years old They turn round the Ship, and go from fide to fide, and
from Head to Stern. They follow a Ship Two hundred Leagues and may
fur her. Are cut in pieces, dried in the Ropes, and eat in two or three Days,
or frelh with Garlick Sauce. They are not good for PaiTengers. I he Males
have two Pms in one eight Foot long, it was as long as from the Cubit
to the middle Fingers end r the Female but one r«/«. They bring Thirty

five Young ones at a Birth alive,

Divers in Pearl-Fiffing are hurt by Sharks, Lad. p.66%.

They are taken by Liverji or Remora by the Indians, Lot. i 12.

They are in a Salt-Lake near the Sea in Hifpamola Owed. 32.

They enter the Rivers, and are no lefs penllous than great Lizards or Cro¬
codiles, devouring Mankind and Horfes Oviedo fum.

They are taken once or twice with the fame Bait, Terry.

Thomas Smith , a Boy, fwimmmg about the Ship by Surat, hadmoft .of the
outfide of his Thigh bitten away, of which he died with bleeding, Purchas

P They are5 fiLd for Oil. One was pulled into the Sea by a Shark in the

They deftroy Men at one Bite within a Salt Lake in the Country,

^They are mangled and made a Prey to others of the fame Kind. Ligon
I was told at Montpelier there was one there taken m th z Mediterranean (it l
remember right) forty Foot long. A Man bathing himfelf by ' J or u Royal in
Jamaica, one fwam by him and bit off great part of his Bread and Arm of

which he prefently died by the flux of Bloo . , T

This is the Tubaron or Hays of Linfchoten. Tulerones, Laet. J. 571, 586,
669. Shark of Terry, p. 9. Of Hor top. Hall p. 487. Of William Finch, ,
p.416. Of Nicol. Purchas,?. 1257- Of Ligon, p. 6. Of Siimmer-

Ifles, p. 1 72. England , p.**7. H*y of Martens. Dog ff iff, called by the

Tort Lis T alarms, Of Knivet, Purchas Cams Car chan as , feu Lamia Ronde-

letii & aliorum , Rail, p.^M. B. 7- Where feems to be a bad Figure from
Gefner Sharks of Anonymus Portugal of Brafile, Purchas, lio ,. cap. 1 . ?. 1314.
Who tells that they Kill Men, and that they find in them Breeches, &c. when
taken; as alfo that Indians ufe their Teeth for Heads of Arrows, being
poilonous ih. Requiem d Abbeville, f. 3 o. Tihuron of Oviedo Jum, p. 2 1 1 . 212.
Lamia Rondeletn, P.39o. Tiburo E)ufdem,p. 489. where in his account from
Lopez de Gomara, he confounds the Crocodiles and Sharks. An M*raxus
Evh ib > Lamia of Rawolfe in the Mediterranean. K*™, Cetus, the Whale of
Jonas Math, cap, 12.40. Tiburoni di Per nan. Colon, f. 122. and 21 1. Cams
Carchanas , Bellon. ?. 58. Lamia, Ejufd. ? f. Tib menus Martyr. Decad. p. 251
2,92 Tihuro Fernandez, p. 87. Carcharias Pijcis, Gyllii, p. 507. cap. 99. El
Tihuron de Hernandez a Ximenes, edit. p. 182. Requiem de Rochef 19 1. Du
tertre, 202. de Denis, Tom. 2. 272. Sharks or Tiburons of Sir John Hawkins.
Halil. Part. 3. p. 71 6. Tiburones de Oviedo, lib. 13. cap. 6. & eap. fol. 33. A
Shark called by the Portu^uefe Tuber ones, and the Dutch Hayes, of Mandelflo,
pi 197. & 219. Shark of Sir Rich. Hawkins, p. 42. Of Fenton or Ward,
Half' p 767. Boyle of Air, p. 179. Touberans de Feynes, p.zo6. Lamie de
Molinet, p. 203. An Paimones. Pyrard. de la Dal, making wading from one
Maldiv? lfland to another difficult, p. 72 ? |

We

A Voyage to JAMAICA.

We were now in very hot weather, which fliow’d its felf on every one
not only by Sweating, but by their breaking out all over into little Whales,

Pimples, or Pudlcs, ( which is ordinary in other places of the fame Lati- * Great beat
tuclcs. ) This bcfidcs its unicenilincfs in difcolouring the Skin, which was m Mono-
\ery Red, was very troublefome by itching, and this lad fymptom vvas moraPa oc~
chiefly about the Back Bone, though fometimes thefe reddilh Pudles C0.cafions?ujhes
vered the whole Body , and at other times they were as it were all ga- \\ C0MJ 0UtV
thered into one fmall Carbuncle, very uneafie and painful, and luch an puTchato
one I my felf had, on the fide of my Hand. I did not at all doubt but Kc6
that thele Eruptions were the efied of the Sun Beams, which throwing in¬
to our blood lome fiery parts, put it into a brisker motion, whereby it was
purg’d of thole Heterogeneous and unaccudom’d Particles it had from the
warm Sun, and perhaps by that fermentation was likewife clear’d of fome
other parts might be hurtful to it, and therefore indead of preferring a Re¬
medy for its Cure, I told thofe who importun’d me, that I thought this Didem-
per was the greated advantage they could have, and that this vvas the effect of
the change of Climate, and a proper feafoning, and what might fecure them
from future Sicknefs by purging the Blood from hot and lharp parts, and ra¬
ther than check it, wilh’d them to help the expulfion with a little Flos Sul¬
phur is or any other innocent Diaphoretick. If their Humour was to be com- of the
plied with, Bleeding fird, and then Purging were infallible Remedies, which changes in
by cooling the Blood, dimimfiiing its quantity, and at the fame time making the Bio od
an irritation on the Glands in the Guts, caufes the Humour to come that way, from the al~
fo in fome meafure by artifice fupplying the natural Evacuation by the Skin- te[ati°n °f
But becaufe the other was Natural, and this Artificial, and not fo certain nor tbt Uimate-
fafe, I was condantly for the fird. Here were grounds to admire the contri¬
vance of our Blood, which, on fome occafions, fo foon as any thing de-
ftrudive to the Conditution of it, comes into it, immediately by an Inte-
dine Commotion endeavours to thrud it forth, and is not only freed from
the new Gued, but fometimes likewife what may have lain lurking therein
(occafioning fmall didurbances without breaking out into any violent DileafeJ
lor a great while. And from hence it comes that mod part of Medicines
when they are duly adminidred in fuch cafes are, not only fent out of the
Body themfelves, but likewife great quantities of Morbific Matter, as may
appear very plainly in Salivation, where not only the Mercury, /but like¬
wife all the Humours caufing thofe dreadful Pains , Ulcers and Diforders,
are fpit out together with it by the help of the Bloods Fermentation. If it
be here objeded that the Sun Beams are too fpiritual- and cannot be thought
to be fo poyfonous : I anfwer, that it is certain the Sun Beams when concen-
rred will do by a Burning Giafs mod, if not every thing, can be done by a
Fire, which every Chymid knows will not only add to Lead, and fome other
Bodies, thofe Particles that will weigh in a Balance, and that very coniider-
abiy ; but likewife will make fuch a change in Mercury barely Precipitated by
it, as to make it almod as great a Poifon as is commonly known.

This alteration of the Climate was difeovered likewife by the very great Of other
and fudden Putrefadion of Urine, which in fome few Hours Would dink
intollerably, and all other Fermenting Liquors would Sour immediately : alter*Uon °f
Flefli, and all other Aliments would Corrupt and Spoil likewife in a little * e
time: Tallow Candles would fcarce be able to dand upright, and Rutter
would be of the lame Confidence as if half melted over a Fire in England.

It is a commonly received Opinion by lome Ingenious Men that Lice dye
on change of the Winds from being variable to be condant, or palfing the
Equator ; and that to the South of the Tropick of Cancer are none to be
found, but this notion is certainly falle ; for a ..hough I think the great Sweat- Of Lice in
ings, and little Apparel of the Inhabitants an l Travellers in the Torrid Zone, tbe Torrid

H occa- Zone’

2 6

A Voyage to JAMAICA.

occafion lefs difturbance from this fort of Vermine, yet I am certain both In>
dians, Moors , and Europeans, who live there are fubjedt to them, though they
be not in fo great plently as in more Northerly Countries where the Inhabitants
Sweat lefs, and go better Cloathed, in the Plies of which Apparel thefe Crea¬
tures find good fhelter, I cannot on this occafion pafs by a Matter of Curiofity
relating to the Plica Polonica, a ft range Difeafe frequent in Poland, which comes
from the intangling many Locks of the Hair, and has very odd Symptoms at¬
tend it, one of which is, that on cutting of it off, it endangers the Perfon
who had it. There are feveral Opinions about it, but many believe it to be
only the efted: of Lazinefs, and not Combing the Hair ; I am very apt to
believe this, becaufe Dr. Conner gave me fome of the Plica he cut off a
Perfon in Poland , in which was an innumerable quantity of Lice and Nits
lodged amongft, and at the bottom of the Hair. Tis very odd that when
thefe Locks are cut off they fhould grow ftckly, but it may be this way eafily
anfwered, that carrying off lb much humor, or being a Neft for fo many Lice,
they do fomething like a Pea in an Iftue, difeharge the Blood, which when
it is cut off is no longer done. That Lice conftantly fuck the Blood is cer¬
tain from Perfons Fluxed whofe Blood is no fooner impregnated with Mer¬
cury than all thefe kind of Vermine fwell, drop off, and dye.

When we came near to the Tropick we were call’d upon for our Tropick-
Money, that is to fay, we who had never before crofted that Line to the
South, rauft now give either fo much Money, as by the ufage of Seamen we
fliall be tax’d, to make them Drink, or be duck’d thrice into the Sea from
the Y ard Arm, we chofe rather the firft, and fo were free.

The fixth Day was taken a Fifh which was thought to be a Barracooda, but
was not fo, it was taken with a Flying-Fifh Bait, fuch as are made ufe of for
Bonetds. I called it Serpens Marinus, comprejfus, lividus.

This Fifh was three Foot feven Inches long, an Inch and a half broad
near the Head, where broadeft, having a long Head, fharp, or ending in a
point, with the Mandibles Prominent, in which were many Teeth in each of
the Jaws, very fbarp and threatning , the Under Jaw was longer than the
Tabajig.i. Upper, and ended in a CV/w/j Subftance, the Tongue was bony, and lhap’d like
an Arrow Head, the Gills very red : its Eyes wereround of an Inch Diameter :
it had two Fins at the Gills, one long one all over the Back, and one from the
Anus wav’d towards the Tail, which was forked, it was all over fmooth with¬
out Scales, of a Livid colour, and its flefh was full of Bones.

Its AEfophagus, if any, was very lliort, its Ventricle fill’d with fmall FilTi
like Anchovies. The Guts had one or two Circumvolutions. . The Caecum was
very long, extending its felf to the Anus, and fill’d with the Contents of the
Stomach, its Diapbragme Membranous : its Liver large, with a Gall-Bladder,
containing in it watery Gall. There were under the Guts two long Bodies
went to the Anus, which I take to be the Kidnies : It had in it two forts of
Worms, the one round and Criftalline, the other long, rowling themfelves
fpirally like a Snail.

This Fifh was taken about the Tropick of Cancer , with a Bait, fuch as is
ufed for Dolphins and Bonetds, viz. a flying-Filh, or Hook drefied like it.

It was a great difpute among the Seamen whether it fhould be eaten or
not, moft People faying its Livid colour was a fufficient Argument againft:
it ; but this is no manner of Reafon, for Fillies much Swarthier are eaten in
many places. One who had been a Privateer, and in the South-Seas, where
fometimes they had hard Fare, and met with new kinds of Fifties, aflured us,
that in fuch Difputes they ufually tafted the Heart, which if fweet they
thought a good Argument for the ufe of them in Victuals, if not, they were
ufually rejected as poifonous, how far true my Relator muft anfwer, for my
part I believe it as little as the former : but there is a very good Reafon to

objedt

/

27

A Voyage to JAMAICA.

objedt againft the eating of a new Fifh in the Wefi-IuiUs, for there are rer
tainly fome of them which if eaten prove poifonous at feme feafons of the
i ear, at Ieaft many People have told me fo.

If this be the Fifh fpoke of by Laet, p. 2.7. where he calls ft Pi fa comro
forma fimtlts venenatus ; he fays tvvas venemous both to Dutch and Ernlifh ^

1 cfceVWO ,or ,tl\ee days Slalm’ being carried Well with rouiing Seas,* on
the Sixth we had about the Tropick a fmall North-Eallerly Gale which be'
gan lovv riling by degrees till it came to a pretty llrong Wind, and was fixed

^ and bdng COnduded ^ the Seamen to be
Jm’T'S WrIC,1 y°ws n<£ always from the fame Point, but generally Of the
on the North-fide of the Equinotftial within this Tropick; in this Sea it blows Trade-WiU
between North and Eaft, though at feveral times of the Year ’tis ufuallv
more Southerly or Northerly according to the Suns place in the Zodiack. Nei¬
ther does this Trade-Wind keep the fame Point, but varies every hour
though thole two Points are ufuaily the utmoft bounds: neither is the Trade!

ind conftantly of the fame vehemence, but fometimes blows very hard
though rarely Stormy ; and at other times very eafie, though feldom Calm!

There is very feldom Rain with this Wind, though when it comes the Drops
are thick, and it is violent. The Weather here was generally clear, though

doudedieS HaZy’ e pGcially abour tbe Horizcn, the Zenith being feldom over-

We had feveral days without any remarkable matter happening, fave that
nying-Filhes were here very frequent: the Defcription and Figure of which is
common in mod Natural Hiftorians, therefore I lhall not fay more, only that
it is a kind of Herring with very large Fins, with which it can fly fome time of Finn-
in die Air when purfued by Dolphins, Bonetof&c. and that it is taken notice FiflJ g'
ol by Voyagers, and Natural Hiftorians as follows, to me it feems to deferve
the name of Harengus Alatus.

Flying-Fifties of Cocks. Purchas , 398. Of Beft. ib. p. 466. Purchas, 37.

I ejci Ron Ami di Col /. 32. Hi r undo Salviani, p. 185. Volatiles Pi fees Laet
?-J7 aFlying-Filh of Duddeley, 576. Hirundo, Belton, p.i9i ’ Mwil
Alatus Rondelet p. 267. Fernand, p. 87. Flying-Fiflies of Clife, Hakl. part. ,

urn°LL °r v’-rr ®\7'errV p- Ir- Hirundo Salviani, quoad iconem.

Willughby, Tab. P.4. Paffons Volans de C'auche,p. 140. De Lambert, p. 42. Ah-

beville, p. 30,31. Peces quebolan Lop. de Gom. cap. 91. Pirabcbe z. Pi fa ed
1658. p. 6 1. Flying-Fiflies of an Anonymus, Portugal in Brafile, Purchas, lib. 7
cap.l. p. 1314. Of Mandelflo, p. 196. and 2n, Of Hawkins Hakl. p. r’20*

Sir Rich. Hawkins, p. 42. Of Drake, p. 732. Hakl. p. 3. Of John Davis
1 arenas, 1 32.* Of L ay field, ib. nyj. Poiffons Volans de Rochef. p. 183. de
Du Tertre ziz. de Feynes, p. 205. Du Moltnet. p. 203. Du Pyrard. ' de la Val
p.6. Linfchot. Defer. Pefcados Boladores, de Oviedo, lib. 13. cap. 2. and cap 7
Volatori ejufd. fum, p. 132. who is of Opinion they are not the Golondrinos q f
the Spanijh Seas, at lead he faw them not in thofe Seas ; they fly Two hun¬
dred Paces, and when their Fins are dry fall down. They fly fometimes on
one, fometimes on the other fide : and are purfued and taken by Giltheads ,
and out of the Water by Sea Mews and Cormorants, id. fum.

They came on Board our Ship every where between the Tropicks, flying
out of the Water and lighting thereon by accident. They are very good Vi¬
ctuals, tailing like a Frelh-Herring They are common in moft parts of the
Pafl and Weft-Indies \ in Japan, and the Ifles Ladrones, where they are eaten.

1 hey are fometimes more in one place of the Sea than another, for Oviedo
who crois d the Seas many times to the Weft-Indies, tells us that the Seas
are like Provinces, fome are Fertile in Filhes, others not, according to the
Winds. °

They

■V.

4P.

I ;'!i

i

JAMAICA.

" ”S” «s>» . *— *» e“' ** w”e* t'i”«

*TlUf«i». itaU* « well Souch as North, and beyaad ,1. C.,: .(

lllssSSs sssttftfv rr

£s BffeeiriE

bUFdte Ilf. DeRavema*. De Lufn.f. Benito s de frmnfco G»de

delaral. P. o. 137 rurrhas lib a cap. 13. p. 8o6. Hakl. p. 406. Of

trdnthp’lQ6*CKSk Richard Hawkins, p. 41. Relamys Bellomi Gefntr >
U Mr> An Alb* C, nm.fi. f 73- «Lx6St> GiMu*. other,
wife caUed of Hmkim, p. jao. 7Mtf» of Oviedo «+

lfr“ «fc io. .1. M«J- <« ^»>43°- “^of r^> ^ "

° This appear’d" in^every diing like a Mackarel in colour of Skin, fmooth-

nefs great and F‘ns> 7* Mackarel, being One Foot and a halflong;
t0 the lengthof ^sBody than the MacR ^ ^ of (heft young Fiflies de.

W.t.F<j.?.]5 weighed Ten . f s Murinus, &c. and young Flying-

fenbed before under the name or ^ {he Bone| their inte(lines be-

Fifties, whic i r |y Matter and the Bones of thefe Fifties. The

0/Boneto-,u’|fil‘d wtAbbk^ f^ rf ^ fl|h arenoti„the Fifh, butmiftaken

byTtefa^futoGbetVween the Tropicks, and in more Northerly Latitudes,
/hey are taKen d cigns as the Dolphins are, either with

fading like a' Mackarel exaSly. They are alfo taken at the Maldives in the

South-Sea. c ri cfaq between New-Spain and China, by

They were found in the South seas Between / -

wSTcbythe way) is Treated Tun-
W They'purfue ^Flylng-Fi'lhes, ^and were galled with Phifgigs following the
Sh,?he;earenids“uTm ^tecaufe thought to breed Fevers and other

Diftempers, Last. rtmmnniv called is alfo frequent here ; it is deferibed
The Remora, as it ^ H{ftorian^ and is called Reverfus vel Inver jus,

0/Remo* and figured in mo * “ ^ Jperuquiba & Piraquiba Braftlienjibus, Lufitams

ras* La<f.f.6. Rnerfi, Cel. fit 1 * “ M] ? l8a Raii,p.si9.

Puxepogador & FexeJ“ Molinet,%vo^ Sucking-Filli of Terry, p 9.

a;; idfs,;.., « *-^7 %

i;.in #*«, » )■ »/■ **• r j>‘- ti«

Filii. The

A Voyage to JAMAICA,

The Indians take F ifh with thefe hang d at a Rope, the Remora apply them-
felves to other Filhes, and take them as Tiburoni, &c. Col. m. They ufed
to Fiih with them, putting them out, and holding them in a Line, they
Wou’d fix on Manat i, forcing them to dry ground, Aldrov. lib. 3. Rondel . lib. 15.

The Manners do not obferve any manner of Current in this j?reat Ocean
but filch as follows the Wind.

On the Sixteenth of this Month in the Lat. of 140. 40'. North, and being
about Five hundred Leagues diftant from Barbados , which was near due Eaft of
us, in ordinary Weather one of the Sailers that was on the Forecaftle took up
a large live Gralhopper, and brought it me, which thinking very ftrange,
as being a very great way from Land, I immediately enquired as nicely into,
as polfibJy I could, and was aflured by him that gave it me, that it came not
thither from Land with them, or by any accident, but fell down from the
Rigging of the Ship ; which he fuppofed might perhaps flop its courfe. A Of a Locufl
Seaman, on this occafion, averred to me that he faw fome of the fame fly cbferved at
through the Rigging of the Ship ; and fome other Seamen in the fame Fleet Sea-
we were in, made the fame obfervation. When I came to Barbados I met
there Sir John Narborough , who was then going to the Plate Wreck near Hif-
paniola, and thinking this very odd, and him a very experienc’d and obferving
Perfon in fuch matters : I asked him if ever he had feen the like, he reply ed
very often, and that it was very ordinary to obferve them fly many Leagues
from Land at Sea. The Defcription of this I then took as follows, and called it

Loot (l a maxima, cincreo-purpurea, Maculis Brunis.

This Locufl from the Head to the end of the Wings was two Inches and a
half long, its Body was two Inches in length, in the Abdomen were feven Tab.i.Fig.i,
Inci fares, it had two Antennae each half an Inch long, a large Purple and
Brown Flead, with two lenticular Eyes each Prominent, three pair or fix
Legs, taking their Origin from the Thorax, the hindermoft pair being thick
at the Thighs and prickly, two Inches long, more than twice as long as thole
before, thofe in the middle longer than the foremofl, the Wings membrana¬
ceous, of an Alh, inclining to Red or Purple Colour, with many brown fpots
on them : it had three Incifures on its Back, which was guarded, as it were,
with armour.

This fame accident did V anderhagen take notice of in his Voyage, as ap¬
pears by the following Note, though he does not mention the diftance from
Land.

In reditu e S. Helena multa rufe fubalbidat locufl & vifebantur, aqua innatantes ;
quartern & quatdam in naves ipfas, advolitabant. V anderhag. Excerpt. Cluf. Cur.
poft'

They are in great numbers (about Senega) cover the Ground and obfcure
the Air every third or fourth year, deftroying all. Cadamoflo.

They are faked and eat by the A Ethiopians . Efcarbot nova Francia , p. 210.

They confume, a Famine follows, and then a Plague. Schnirdel.

They deftroy the Ground not only for the time, but burn Trees for two
Years after; fo that People (in Ethiopia) are forc’d to fell themfelves and Chil¬
dren for Suftenance Jo. dos Santtos.

This Locufl is the fame with thofe eaten in Barbarj, they dry them in Ovens
to preferve them, then either eat them alone, or pounded and mixed with
Milk. Captain Dampier has told me they tafl like Shrimps, and they are with¬
out queflionfed on by the Inhabitants of many places of the World. That
they are the Qails mentioned, Numb. 11. 31. feems to be plainly proved by
Ludolfus , who in his Appendix to his Commentaries on his Ethiopick Hiftory
has exprefly at large difcourfed very learnedly on this matter. Some years fince
many Locufls very like thefe came into Wales , where they lived a fmall time and
dyed, I think through the inclemency of the Air ; but by their courfe I re-

I member

30

A Voyage to JAMAICA.

member it was likely they had come Originally from Barbary. Thole who
have a mind to confult Authors about them may lee, among others thele who
difcourfe of them under the following Names, viz.

Locufte Roffe and Gjalle di Cadamofto, £ 17. and 109. Gralhoppers of
Efcarbot. Vova Francia, 210. Of Git os. Pure has, 1415. Of Jo. Dos Sanclos,
ib. 1 5 54. Locufts of Schnirdel. Purchas, p. 135:9. Ludolf. cap. 10. lib. 1.
verf 16. Comm. 1.96. p. 168. Numb. 11. 31. Selaw, Cot ur nix or Quails.
Juan de Barr os, lib. 1. Decad. 2. p . 16.

When we came into 130. io'. Lat. we went due Weft for Barbados , which
is the way not to mifs it, becaufe Sailers being fure of the Latitude by Obfer-
vation they keep in it leaft they fhould run by the Illand, which being very
low Land, and fo confequently not vifible far off at Sea, may be eafily over¬
run by unwary Seamen. We faw here feveral Tropick-Birds, and Men of
War Birds, the laft of which is mentioned by the following Writers.

Caripira de Laet. lib. 15. cap. 13. p. 777. Caripira forked Tails, bringing
news of Ships, Anonymus Port. Purchas, p. 1317. Coda inf or cat a, that is the
forked Tail. Ovied.fum. p. 202. An Sea-Mews or Cormorants, Ejujd. ib.p.z 14?
Birds vvhich the Portuguefe call Garayos , or Rabos fore ados, with Tails like a
Taylors Shears, of Mandeljlo, p. 196. Rabi horcados todos Negros, de Oviedo,
lib. 1 4. cap. 1. Rabi forcati. Ej. ap. Ramnus , p. 161. Fregattes de Raveneau
de Luff an. p. 116. and 218. who obferved them at Villi a and Guatulco, a
Rock in the South-Seas. Fregattes entierement Noirs, Rochef p. 164. Rabi -
horcado Hernandez. Birds attending the rifing of Flying-Fillies of Ligon, p. 4.
Rabo-forcado, and Rabi-horcado, Clu(. exot. p. 107. Oyjeaux faifans la Chaffe aux
Poiffons. d* Abbeville, p. 52. Fourcades, Ejufd. p. 53? aves furcate Laet. p. 6oi.
Fregattes du Tertre, p. z 69. Cifeaux de Coufturier de Cauche , p. 133. Avcs dichz
Rabos forcados, cauda bifur cat a, Aldrov.Ornith. tom. 3. p. 5-44. Sea-Fowl chafing
the Flying-HIh of Hawkins, Hakl. p. 520. A Man of Wrar of Ligon. p. 61. Of
Jo. Davis Purchas, 132.

This Bird feems very large, bigger than a Kite, and Black; they fly like
Kites very high, and often appear immoveable over the water, to wait for.
Of Men of and catch fmall Filli appearing on its Surface ; they are lliarp winged, and
V/ar- Birds.' their Tail is forked. When Flying-Fillies are perfecuted under water by
Dolphins, Bonitos, &c. They rife and fly for fome Ipace in the Air, and are
often devoured by thele Birds in that time.

We faw them firft when we came near Barbados. The Sailers guefs them-
felves not many days, or about Two hundred Leagues off the Iflands when
they fpy them firft, and it is wonder’d at how they can direct their Courfe to
the Land at Nights, being fo far diftant, it feems no very ftrange matter, be¬
caufe they arc very high in the Air, and can fee Land much farther then thofe
on the Deck or Top-Mall of a Ship. The Reafon of their flying fo high
may be to have a greater Field before them, for Prey, becaufe they may so
where they lee the Dolphins follow or hunt the Flying-Fillies.

They are commonly thought in the Weft-Indies to foretel the coming in of
Ships, for when they lee a Man of War-Bird come into their Ports, they
reckon Ships will foon follow, and ’tis very often true, for they love to Fifh in
not very rough Weather, fo that when it blows hard at Sea they come into the
Ports and Bays to Filli, where the Wind is broken off by the Land, and the
lame Wind blowing them in, brings in the Shipping after them.

There are more of thele in the firm Land of America than in the Ifles, The
Indians of Cueva fay the Axungia or Fat of them is very good for taking out
Cicatrices and marks, and for the withering of Arms or Legs, and other
Difeales. One of thefe Birds at Panama coming to take Sardinas that were a
curing in the Sun a Negro broke his Wing with a Stick he had in his Hand ; the
Body after it was clear of its Feathers was little bigger than a Pigeon. 'The

Wings

A Voyage to JAMAICA.

3i

5- - *

Du rZ? 15 3 S°Veraign Remedy for tbe Sciatica, and all cold Gouts,

It follows the (or Pelecan) in the Air to catch its Dung for Food Cel

In the firft Voyage to the Weft Andies the Spaniards followed the ffiSfof
Birds as the Portuguefe did in their Difcoveries, Idem.

He perfecutes the Alcatraz (or Pelican ) for his Prey till he lets it fall h<*
catching it before it gets down, Oviedo, fum. p. zoz Y * ’ he

It is very good Meat Cauche.

The Indians love its Feathers, which they ufe with their Arrows obfervin*

1Cw a? {fH^^han other kinds. Their Greafe takes out Scars, Aim. Laet ^

We had alfo Boobies, a kind of Bird fo called, as well as Noddies came fro- ofmr 1 ■

do °n B°arf ?lipSi ; they 3re fo cailed by Seamen- becaufe they ^ Boofat'

do not flir from you, but fuffer themfelves to be catch’d by the Hand or Ji2ht and Nod-

on Seamens Arms, being unaccuftom’d to Men. The Booby is nearefl: to the J,a-
Solrna ' Goofe of any Bird I know, therefore I fhall call it ^

Anfteri Baffano congener avis, cinereo-albus.

fv3hefe/!n Greu iand W.hiCr of coIour’ Iarge as a Mufcovy Duck, White a-
bove and Grey be ow, the four Toes join’d by a Web as in the Figure

they fly over the Water as a Kite over the Land, and watch the Fifh to take

them fo loon as they appear on the Surface of the Water : It has a long Of the Booh

roundifli Bfll of a yellowifh colour. We firft met them when we approached TabA.Fig. 1.

the Ifland o£ Barbados, and had them afterwards in great numbers all along a-

mongft the Carihe Ifles : they are very numerous on Redondo a fmall Ifland

not far from Nieves, and there they breed, it not being inhabited or reforted

J°’/° Jr f tb?yJare n0t dlft,Vrbed with mankind. I fliall next deferibe the
Bird called a Noddy, and call it *

Hirundo marina, minor, capite albo.

The Noddy Bird was Eleven Inches long from the end of the Bill to that
ol the Tail, and Twenty fix Inches from Wing to Wing extended ; the Bill
was ftreighr, black, roundilh. an Inch and a half long, having two large Tab 6 Fir i
Apertures tor the Noftrils, the Tail was Four Inches long, the top of the Held '

was White, all the reft of a dirty brown reddilh colour, the Legs and Feet
were Two Inches long : it had Four Toes, Three before, was Web footed, and
or a dark Brown colour.

They feed on fmall Filh, and go out a great way to Sea, where when they
meet Ships they pitch themfelves without any fear of the Men, even fome-
times on the Hands of the Sailers, if held out for them to Pearch on They
are mentioned by the following Writers.

Noddy of Jo. Davis Parch as, 13Z. whoobferved it at Noronha. An Birds
on the Ship Galleries at J- de Martin Vaz. Purchas, Wilfon, p. 48 6 > Uccelli
[mile al Gargioa, Col. 43 ? Noddy in Greenland or Spitzberg , Purchas, 47Z > Of
Pool, ib p. joy > p after e Sempie, that is Ample Sparrows of Oviedo fum, p.zoi.

An Mallemucks of Spitzberg ? 1 J

It is fomewhat lefs than Sea-Mews, has Feet like a Malard, flands on the
Water, lights on Ships, has a black Head, and its Shoulders Ruflet, and is
not good to eat, Ovied. Z03.

e took here a Shark which in his Stomach had remaining the Feathers of
one of thele Birds called a Noddy, the Flefli of which was diflolved into
a kind of Mucus and Blood. It is not unlikely that this Bird which Preys on
fmall Filh on the top of the Water, was on falling down to catch fuch Prey
taken by this Shark. It is alfo likely that the Feathers, of this or other Birds,
when taken, may ferve to make the devouring Fifh endure Hunger longer than
otherwife it could. It being, obferved that Birds of Prey will endure Hunger

longer

32

A Voyage to JAMAICA.

•let.

— ■ ' j • rWrl there was Reafon it fhould be lo, they being

longer than others, and mdeed^h ^ Hours l remember once to have

not very certain to fitv ^ ^ anj fent me by Mr. Barret that the Hair

found in °ere the only Contents of his Stomach, which proba-

of Hares and Rabbits were tl y £ plWe ot ^ wants.

bly might keep him from bei ig je^y ^ of Barbados, a fort of Sea-Snail

We had near, but before in Sea, there were feveral of them,

rnd\te Apertures' were filled with a froth all ftanding in Bubbles. The

Snail I defcribed thus. « f y Cochlea Marin* confining

It was more flat or compreffcd than molt ^ oftheShclL It Uad fome

only of Circumvolutions round tl ’ brittle and thinner than any

,f „ SM. vifible ObUmctrU on Violet or Purple colour Tire
Li. Marine Shell 1 ever Caw ; it was o a v y ^ ^ ^ ^lU of a vrtod froth
W.i.Fi £.4. Shells floated on the Surface of th ^ ^ WaKr. They were more

came out ofthem fuch . oj- yt/, «//.<», or Mediterranean, as alfo

compreffed than that of the Streig t £ Cochlea Mirim e cartdeo furfu-

fmoother. Wherefore I have cWfeto^ca.l^ hlu Marim rice/im

SESfiA* Dr. of Blurred

There gre(v to tlns She l on cve ^ fid^ that pa« Jin D,^t„

Shell-Filh made of feveral shells call fticks t0> anci Breeds on any thing

HiflorUConchyl tib-W- h hat tefembling a Wind-Pipe,

floating in the Sea by a hollow Ncck^om ^ which has been

It looks fomewhat ike aCockle’. , WingS 0f young Barnacles or Brent
Xtarm. taken for the buddmg F5^rs‘”T0„; of Trees. Thefe Birds ufed to
0 Geefe which were fuppofed to - Countries in great numbers from the

come yearly to Scotland, a”d.^er s“Vey ufed in Northern Coun-
North in Winter, and go away in 1 th ie Sp, r g f tl,efe Shell- t ifli flicking
tries to have drift Wood come as other Fowles, thought

to them, and never observing the : Bar for a Nonh-Eafl Paflage found

they bred fo, till the Dutch 111 the tc Pfe , (hall not {ay any thing fur-

“ S”E IrSS'.E Authors following. who,. 1> -nil »•’ .1-™

■i'U. »:-<■ ,%■"£

anates viventes & *dins u mer , & founts far l ean Marine, fe

des, les troncs on lots dejeju dlesc” ^ ^ ^ ^ cMes mantes, De

murnt & changent dans 1?%***? anatifer* Gallis Macreufes. An Safinettes
Dure,. p.aSy 3 pL T Britannic* Conch* am, ifera, Ej. Icon,

tfortmannorum e*dem, Lob. u j. p- >> Arbor e delle anitre Durant, in

f. 259. Park. />. 1306. Ger. trnacu . p- ariorum conch* anatifer* ,

fig. Telline fedate di ImVrA[J' Jl‘ anatifer* falfo ditt* ut tellim ac Balani ,

Aij- 1 398: « tr ■$

}- I74- and h8- Barnacles

(on or Mircolino, J- j Noon we arrived at Bridge-Tom

The Twenty fifth of this Month ^ _ a„ the Ships ami

in Barbados , and anchorc d of BilrUdos had its name, or Bar-

ions faluting his Grace. •' Fj Ttecs which are frequent in it.

bat a as Martyr, from a Kina 01 6 have Filaments or

of which l lhall give a £,cr p handfuls or Sheafs,

Threads come out of their T°PS d this was told

and make the Tree look as if it was bearaea me

A Voyage to JAMAICA,

33

* Ligars.p.lo.

me there to be the reafbn of this Name Pivpn v u > ^

bout 1 3 degr. i o min. Northern Latitude8 and fa awf 'J*”!™*- Tt Jies « a-
The Rains when we were here came on verv vil , 36 ' V Weft of ****”•
parch d for many Months. They pour’d down VP a’ ?E baving been dry and
Spikes, a Town diftant Lome Mdes from Bridget ^ fa^’- lnfomucllthat being at
was thought we ftiould not be able to get thithl r T whith?r were going, it
were believed not fordable, however we f ^ <* Brooks

or Rains were fuch, that two of the Dukes i d g0t ^afe;, buE the Freflles
an exceflive rate, to carry them to BridJf ", a*ES who llirecl a Boat, at

lence of the Water running off the Wand ^carried Wei>C’ by riie vio‘

the Boat, or Boat-men ever heard of after' ir , / ^ea’ a.nd neither they,

Duke of Albemarle, that the Governor Colonel by Kls Grace the

pleafe to take care to inform himlelf from the wZ \ $ir Ed™Hn) Steed, would
or Currents they or their Velfel had been I IgbboJlr,ng Wands, if by Wind
ther during our flay, nor afterwards iZ ^ °f among them ’ buc nci-
it was concluded they were loft either hv he' tldin8* oF them : lo that
ftarv’d for want of Provifions Ir rlJj Qm8r UP of ^ Sea,

Wands, where they might fuffer bv the ra n on lome of the Neighbouring
The Wand, (X ^ “T

is not very high but vet hJfJll tj , d Fourrcen broad,*) 1
which are generally Fertile. This lownef^f CJ a°id dePjJe^d Grounds in it,
regular Breezes or Winds * fo that thev C * *5 ^ -° c Igand §ives thcm more
Mills, and not Catde as thev do Jn% ^ SuPr'Canes with Wind-
ftops the regular motion of the Winds or^&eez^^ br£lnfg higher

low fituation that it has at prefent and has had S a 1 llk^lfe From this * Barbados
now it be fallen much off from what it wa<= *-i ^ a fmitfulnefs, though wants Ni^bt
perpetual working of it labouTg JL H

before was of it felf too Rank. The Duke of Ju d/ ? dung exrreniely what

the Royal Mines in the Wef.lndu S^ntation^tlntilTt"8 VTS ™

great enquiry after Minerals, but received information g r En&Und> matje Boyg oy
of an Hill where was a ihining Subftance whirh l f n°?e’ fave onIy A"> P* H

sa sttwisS SS1?”' rr1 =

srel1 M06 °ni Pe°E'e ig"0rant °f d'^Cmatters-eSk°^X

home a ShipstaLg ofrids fronf^th A bought

d.'esbcgks ofha;4X n°0ftthis b?

^S. « K ^ -

"fide :"aK:£ ^o»%fSlsWofffroPatCf °flGr°Und’
M^"anSn')^ incomes”8 W"h ““d re“inS °n

of the confdlenre of r )P,m,s on the t0P of the Water, and is dos 7irr.

thine refemhlec t- t, om|Tlon.^arr’ fmells lltong as Petroleum, and in every
of I?t-Cm|b T ’ the.“her Isrmore fohd, and feems to be a better fore
and have levera^N^^ F ,aceS °n America thefe forts of Bitumens are found,

know^wduS ZKt'ZT00"™ by VVl’icb 'dS

K

’Tis

A Voyage to JAMAICA.

/

34

’Tiscalied Bitumen Nigrum, by Fragofus,p. 91. who tells us, that ’tis found
in Cuba of the confidence of Pitch, and ufed in cold Diftempers, Hyfterick
Fits and for Pitching Veflels. Pitch to trim a Ship oiMaJham. Hakl.p.y. p.695.
Unduous fubftance like Tarr and Mouhtjack, Ligon. p. 101. Stone-Pitch plen¬
tiful in Guiana, K<iuleigh,6 3 1 Hakl. Who fays it will not melt with the Sun. Pitch
> melting not with the Sun, Har court, Purchas, 1x87. Fens aqua pice<e, fofter
than Tree-Pitch, fit for Ships, of Martyr. Minero de pajla como fez, con lo
attal, rebuelta con azeyto 0 jebo brean los Navios y empegan qualquiera cofa, Ovicd.
caP. 51. Pix qu £ d am fo (Jills in In[ula Trinidad. Laet, p. 6 62. /. 1 'y.c.zy. Who
fays ’tis eafily foftened by the Suns heat, and not fit for Ships. Pitch-Foun¬
tains near Anna, of Furer. Purchas , 1412,* Bituminous Waters, and Soil in
Sujnina, makes People fhort lived, Cartwright, Purchas, 1435. Fountain of
Pitch and Tarr, ^.1694. There is without doubt great vertue in thefe Pe¬
troleums, they are very penetrating, eafe Pains, Aches, ch c • There is diflilled
from them an Oil which is more piercing than the thing itfelf, and which I
have beenaflured was a good Remedy in the Gout.

They at Barbados want Wood very much, both for all manner of ufes in
Building, and for Fewel. For Building the Inhabitants go to Santa Lucia ,
an Ifiand within fight of this, to Tobago, where it is plenty, and the other
Neighbouring Iflands. Their Fewel is Guinea- Corn-ftalks, Cane-Tralb, that
is the dried mark remaining after expreffion of the Juice, &c. This Ifland
is very ftrong, by the Inhabitants (who have been Ten thoufand Foot,
Onethoufand Horie, and Fifty thoufand Souls, befides Negros, Ligon. p. 43.
and 100. But now are about half that number,) all living near one ano¬
ther, well Difciplin’d, and in good order. It has many Rocks to Wind¬
ward, in that part called Scotland, which defend the Coafl on that fide, and
to Leeward there are Shelves, and few Harbors, and there are Batteries at
every place where a Cano a can Land, to hinder a ny Enemies approach.
The Principal Town, called Bridgetown, is large, and has Batteries and Guns
mounted to defend its Road or Harbor : fo that in the late Dutch War
De Ruyter, their Admiral, in vain attempted it with a very ftrong Fleet.
From this place goes about Three hundred Sail of Ships yearly in Trade
to England, New- England, New-Tork, Jamaica, &c. Their Horfes come from
Barbuda. They having little Pafture-Ground, they have few Cattle or Sheep,
thofe they have are fed on Cane-Tops, Guinea- Corn, or Scotch- Grafs. Their
Mutton, which is fed on Sugar-Canes, is very Fat, White, and Sweet. The
Duke of Albemarle , who had a Patent to be Chief Governor and Infpe&or
of all the American Plantations or Iflands where he came, took a review of
the Forces of this Place in three feveral Divifions, and was very well pleafed
with the great Reception and Entertainment he had here from Sir Edwyn
Steed the then Governor. For my own part I lik’d fo well the Defiert after
Dinners, which confided of Shaddocks, Guavas , Pines, Mangrove-Grapes,
and other unknown Fruits in Europe, that I thought all my Fatigues well be¬
llowed when I came to: have fuch a pleafant profpeeft. I was told a Goofe
here at fometimes. was worth Twenty Shillings. Spanijh Money goes here
Current, and all over thefe parts.

I faw here the Wild Goofe of New-England, or Geefe White and Gray of
Efcarbot Nova-Francia , p. 90. Geefe of Hudjon , Purchas, p. 602. Of Saris,
ib. yyz. Wild Geefe of Copland, p. 4 66. who obferved the fame at the Cape
of Good Hope. Of Payton who faw them in an Ifle of Ethiopia 330. 30'.
Lat. 487. o

I faw alfo the New-England Deer in a fmall Enclofure near the Church,
which feemed the fame in every thing with our Fallow-Deer.

Turner ( ap , Purchas, p. n6$.) found Hogs, Pigeons, and Parors there.

The

A Voyage to JAMAICA. 3 c

m~>ilBSIIfl!smm!smammimsaams*!3mi^^

The Springs here near the Shore, were overflowed by the Sea and brackilh

K t nfw ma7 Chf JUVr !° Wl,en BefeSers (« came to drink

brackifti Water they dyed of Fluxes, Mmox, Purchas, i79g. anc| flx hundred

o the Earl of Cumbtrlands Fleet dyed of the Bloody-Flux at Porto Rico, Pur-

chas, 1 149. Layficld, 1167. which likely came from the lame Caufe.

Plants I obferved at Barbados, which I did not take notice of
in the other Caribbe Iflands, were,

; F,}‘x J/ncamofa minor, cauls nigro, furculis ram, finnulis anguflii dentatis ra -
r« brcvtbm acutu fnbrn ntvetc Cat. pi. Jam. p. zo. Where may be feen its

other Synonymous Names, and reference made to the Authors where it is
already graved.

This has a fohd Root, fmall, and having feveral Scales towards the top
covered with a Ferrugineous Mofs, and many Filaments and hairy Fibers be¬
low, whereby to draw its Nourilhment; it is of a dark Brown colour, from
whence rife many Leaves, having blackilh red Ihining Stalks, for the moll
part Triangular, nfing a Foot high, at about Eight Inches from the Root
having Twigs at about half an Inch diftance, lometimes oppofite to one ano¬
ther, lometimes alternatively, each Twig being about one Inch long, and ve¬
ry narrow ; the PinmU are Ihort, very narrow, Iharp, and leave a defect be¬
tween each other, on the upper fide, , being of a dark green colour, and

below having a White Meal all over it, making it extremely pleafant to
look on. , 1

It grew out of the Rocks in the fliady Inland parts of Jamaica, and ih
Barbados.

Filix non ramofa minor, cade nigro , furculis raris, pinnulis latis dentatis fubtus
niveis. Cat.pl. Jam. p. zi.

This had Roots and Stalks exadllylike the preceding, and was forMagni- Tab. 7, Fig.r0
tude the fame, the chief difference was in the Leaves or PinnuU, which were
rounder and broader, otherwife the fame, for they were covered over with a
White Farina as it. Perhaps this may be only a variety of the former.

I found it in Barbados and Nevis.

Cjpcrus maximus panicnla, fparfa, foliacea. Cat.pl. Jam. p. 35.

This was in the Stalk Triangular, filled with a Pith like Ruflies, and ex¬
actly the lame with other Cyperus Grades, only it was much larger in every
part, and in lieu of a Panicle, its Head was made up of Icaly Spikes Sparfe,
at the top of this was only fomewhat fmaller Leaves than were at bottom, that
is, there were firfl feveral larger leaves Handing under the Panicle, from the
middle of which role many Triangular, fmall, and Ihorter Foot-ftalks, which Tab. 8.
at top, inltead of Spikes, had nothing dilcernable but fmall Leaves, from
the middle of which went other linaller Petioli, on whofe top were verylmall
and reddifli Leaves, efpecially on their under parts, fomething, or very like
the Delcription and Icon of Papyrus ex FEgypto Salmajio miff a. Bod. a Stapel.

Not., in Theoph. p. 43 z. : . .

I gathered it in Barbados, ini Handing Water, a little out of Bridgetown.

Whether this be the fame with other Cyperi, before their Spikes come out, or
in its Panicle be like that of Papyrus Nilotica of J. B. which if Cafalpinus's
Defcription be true it imitates, I cannot tell, but am fure I never in all the
Plants I chanc’d to lee of it, faw any other Spikes than thefe Leaves.

Com. cap. 16 j. Says that in Peru they uled Barks or little Boats made
of Ruflies or Straw, which I fuppofe may have been a fort of this, which
was uled for that purpofe by the Egyptians. And Blafco Nunnez, after be¬
ing taken, complaining of it, ’twas anfwered that it was the only way of

Boati

36

A. Voyage to JAMAICA.

ate now ufed by forae fot floatins

maxims fanimU S mims ffarfl fmuginei cafimlis cmfaSis craffsoribus.

Cat.fl> Jam. f. 35' , turpr.rnrnered prafly cutting Leaves, about

This has a great many r0^jj ’^^j^oot where broadeft, and whence
three Foot long, and near a 1 ^ ^ of them make a large tuft round the

they decreafe, ending 1 P » among the middle of them rife three-

Surface of the Earth where it g • folid> fiUed with a ru(hy fungous

cornered Stalks as big as o g f , Stalks under the Spikes,

Tab. 9. Pith, about three Foot high, on tne t p (horrer> being of iike

{land two Foot long Leav , , , i i., oan(j feveral Spikes on ieveral

„ake with the Leaves at bottom Above thefe ftand iev^ ^ ^ |ongeft

three-cornered Pettolt of diverle lengt s, , hed into Two or Three

being of Six Inches, X dhfhTve ftme Ferrugineous fcaly, round, pointed A-
r/rmailer Swkes rnadeup of Ferrugineous Scales lying on one another,
Sng dofe toP the tops of the Fctioli which make the Panicle. The
Seed is brownilh, red, ftiimng and Triangular.

lGrfmm c^JleffaZlu wghwrat* e flnrimU fpicis cinoms conjlantt.

Cat. pi. Jam p. ooot. which had many Fibers as thofe of a

L Jk" i ’ ^ with feveral dry Skins, and

Leek, it was P c«ve inches long, narrow Leaves of a grals

from thence role fever (he Stalk was (lender three-cornered.

Tab. io. green colour, like others oitt feveral fmall s ikcs

T.g. .. about a Foot and a half hlgh- ““''ftalks Tnto one Head, each of them
cluttered together without any Footdl r0Undilh edged Seeds

"■« •

as in others of this kind. .

It grew in Barbados, but where I do not remember. r ,

Bid", AmTiim* fgf, ‘7 Vj-' .-f . lit io. ... 1

f.i. An Cajlama. fnrgatrix / cf ? j^r. Draxe’s Plantation in Barbados,

S^PhyfickNuts Ifo^Aeie m Mr.^ witll

where they were planted l in a Garden ^ ,u yg J Scarlet

Breams’ s Defcription and Figure, tncy

“They were put out of ufe by Mecboacan, Frag. When Hifianiola was firft
difcoStheW ufed this much Phkfm

neceflity ufed the fame, not ^n°U ttovchemenlis mken off with roaV

?»d chTtym“yo n r T

4 A A ‘b't^s^d'mtiwit Konffand^e

SfS his ownChu/renwere

almoft dead, had they not been vomited wuh UK

The Fruit is an eafier Purger than the Common-PhylicK-iN ut, tne t lower
dryed and powdered, and given to half a Crown weight purges Hydrop.ck-

WC Z^!;Z:TtZs foliis myricfhjlli miUtfolii <*-* fir, fangn,

A/fnr Uift- ii * C^dtm 1)1* P • S'®*

I found

37

A Voyage to JAMAICA.

t: ij
i liU,

I found this in Barbados plentifully, though I cannot fay that ’twas Wi
but for its beauty planted in Gardens. J

The Inhabitants afcribe the Vertues of a Philtre to this Plant. The Tuice
of the Leaves makes an Errhine which Cutes the Head-ach, H. M.

Teucroides ftliculojum foliis laurinis , floribus galeatis & ihhiatis. Cat pi
Jam. p.6y. ' * *

The Branches of this had a woody hard Stalk filled with a fungous Pith
and were about the bigneis of ones Little Finger, round, and jointed At every
half Inch, are Leaves fet oppofite to one another, each whereof has fmall
or no Footftalks, being about Four Inches long, and One and a half

^r°j ji 111 i 1|m^c"e vv^iere broadeft, beginning narrow, encreafing to the
middle, and thence decreafing ’till they end in a point, being fmooth and
equal on the edges. The tops of the Branches and Twigs are Six or ^‘a9-
Eight Inches long Spikes of Flowers fet at fmall diftances oppofite to one
another round the Stalk, after [the manner of fome of the Vertidllated
Plants, each Flower having a fmall Foot ftalk , being both Galeated and
Labiated, of a whitifli yellow colour, the Galea being Bifid, and the Lip
Trifid, and having two Stamina with Apices Handing out of the open Flower,
to each of which fucceeds an Inch-long Seed-VeHel brown, round ifli, final!
next thv, Foot-flalk, and fvvelling towards the point, being diflinguillvd in
the middle by a Partition into two Cells, which contain fome large Brown
Seeds.

It grew in the Ifland of Barbados , where I gathered it, if I rightly remem¬
ber, but this Defcnption being moftly taken from a dryed Plant is not fo ex-
ad as it ought to be, though it is plainly of the Fame kind with Valli-upu-
dali. H. Malab. and I could not bring it fo near to any of the European kinds
as the Teucria.

Phafeolus utriufque IndU lobis villojis pungentibus minor. Herm. par. Bat. prod .

?• 364* Cat.pl. Jam.p* 69. Phafeolus Brajilianus filicjua denrentc imagine ob-
jtta ricini fruftu hort. Reg . Par.p. 140. The flinging Bean Ger. emac.p. 1x15.

An phafeolus orient alts pruritum excitans hirfutie Jiliquarum fruclu nigro (plendcntc .
Pluken. Alm.p.z gz ?

It grows plentifully in Barbados.

The Root boiled and given provokes Urine, with Oil boiled it Cures the
Gout and Eryfipelas , with the Root Cocinil it is good in Purulent Urine ; the
Leaves beaten and applied are good for Ulcers. The Beans eaten are pro¬
vokers to Venery. H. M.

Twelve Pods of this infus’d in two Quarts of Bear: and half a Pint of
the infufion given every morning to drink, is a certain Remedy for the, Dropfie.

Ray Hifl. pi p. 887. This Remedy has been tryed in the Eafi- ladies by
Mr. Buckley and found fuocefsful there.

^ Ljfimachia lutea non pappofa, ereffa, foliis glabris fritffu caryophylloide. Cat.pl.
Jam. p. 85”.

This is in every thing the fame with the Camaranbaya Marcgr . only fomewhat Tab.
lefler ; the Leaves are not hairy but fmooth, elfc the fame With it in every Fig.
thing befides.

It grew in Barbados in Watery places.

Malva, <vel alcea fruticofa, ribejii foliis , feminibus afperis. Cat. pi. Jam. p. 9 6.

The Twigs of this Plant had Leaves fet on them alternatively, having a-
bout half an Inch Foot-flalks, they were almoft round, of about an Inch and
a half Diameter, deeply laciniated, or cut in on the Edges into three parts,
each whereof were indented and finuated about the Edges ; they were rough
on the upper fide, and of a durty green colour, and pale or whitifli below. Tab.
being fomewhat like thole of a Curran Bufh, or Rtbes. Ex alls foliorum come Fig.
the Flowers in a Calix having almoft no Foot-ftaik encornpafted by feveral

L Foliola

10.

1 1.

1 i.

38

\

A Voyage to JAMAICA.

Tab. ii.
Fig. 3.

Tab. 12.
Fig. I.

Foiiola to which follows feveral large rough Lappaceous or Echinated Seeds,
having many little Prickles on their outfides, being in lhape and difpofition
like to the other Mallows.

1 found it in the Ifland of Barbados.

Solatium bacciferum fruticofum, Jlipitilus & foil is major ibus, [pints ferocioribus
armatis. Cat.pl. Jam. p. 108.

This is in every thing like the Solarium fruticofum bacciferum fpinojum fore
casruleo. tat. pi. Jam. p. 108. only larger, the Prickles are very red, iharp,
thicker fet, and much ftronger, being fomewhat like thofe of the Wild Role,
and not only fet on the Stems, but likewife on the backfides of the Leaves
along their middle Rib, being very like to it in other things : the Leaves are
much larger, and the Fruit is the fame, there being many flat whitilh Seeds in a
Pulp, as in others of this kind.

I had it in Barbados and the Caribcs.

Solatium pomiferum foment ofum, fruclu pjriformi inverfo. Cat. pi. Jam.p. 108.

This is in every thing like the Jurepeba of Pifo, only the Fruit is as large
as an ordinary Pear, of a yellow colour, turbinated, andexa&lyof the fame
fliape, from a large round beginning growing fmaller to the top, whidi is like
a Nipple, the whole Fruit having the Figure of a Pear inverted.

It grows plentifully about Bridgetown in Barbados.

The Root (if this be Juabeba) is bitter, and opening efpecially clearing the
Urinary paflages, but becaufe ’tis too bitter, it may be help’d with the American
Liquorice. Pifo.

Plant a de qua moxa colligitur, forte art emifi a vulgaris. J. B. tom. 3. lib.
p- 184. Cat.pl. Jam.p. izj.

I was told by an Ingenious Planter at Barbados , whole name I have forgot,
but who took much pains about Exotic Plants, that he had cultivated an Herb
from the Eafl -Indies, which he conceived to be the Plant which there yielded
them their Moxa ; it feemed to me in every thing to be the fame with the Arte-
mifia vulgaris, J. B. For having had the favour of the aforefaid Gentleman to
fend to his Plantation for it, the Meflenger brought rolled up in a piece of
Paper, a Branch of this Plant, as it feemed, broken from the main Stem. It
was about a Foot long, the Stalk round, reddifh, folid, having a great Pith,
and Leaves placed alternatively without any order, very like the Leaves of
our ordinary Mugwort, they being laciniated after the fame way, of a dark
green colour above, and covered over beneath with a w oolly T omentum making
them white. This Wool being gathered is perhaps what they call Moxa, the
Leaves were in handling fomewhat Odoriferous. Towards the tops, ’ from
the Bofoms of thofe fmall Leaves came without any Foot-flalks, fome flnall
roundilh, flriated, whitilh, woolly Heads, which I take to have been the
Flowers budding out, but becaufe I did not fee them, cannot affirm pofitively
that ’tis the fame, although if I remember right, the aforefaid Ingenious Per-
fon told me he knew no difference. This Artemi ft a is taken notice of bv
Clufius to have grown in all thofe parts of Europe he travell’d, and I faw it
though not Wild, yet thrive very well in the Weft-India Gardens, and I fee
no Reafon why we may not allow it to grow Wild in the Eaft-Indies and
to be that Plant from whence Moxa is gathered. The Moxa or Cotton may
be either what’s Natural on the back fides of its Leaves, or rais’d on it by
Infedts as the Bedeguar on the Wild-Rofe. ^

Melanomma cf melanoxjlon arbor laurifolia nucifera gemmis nigric ant Plus Ameri¬
cana Plukenet. Phyt. tab. zo^. fig. 3. Qat.pl. Jam.p. 13^.

I found it in the Ifland of Barbados.

Evedexjlum feu lignum odoratum Americanum folio amplo [ubretundo profunde
venofo fruclu glandiform i beret ini inftar rnllo calice donato. Plukenet. phytorr. tab.
*76. fig. 1. Cat.pl. Jam.p. Ii6.

This

A Voyage to J A M A I C A.

I found ic in the Tfland of Barbados ,

Its Shade is thought hurtful.

Periclymenum reef urn, falvi* folio rugofo minor e fair ot undo. Cat . pi. 7 am. p. i6d

This was about the heighth of Garden-Sage, having towards the top rough
four fquare, hoary, Stalks, on which flood Leaves oppofite to one another
on a quarter of an Inch rough Foot-ftalks, they were almoft round, of about
three quarters of an Inch Diameter, having one middle Rib, fending feverai
Tranfverfe Fibres through the Leaf, which is corrugated on its Surface like
the Leaves of Sage, and indented about the Edges, Ex alis folior urn nfes feverai.
Foot-ftalks about Two Inches long, fuftaining a fmall Head made up of fe¬
verai pale fmall Flowers, whofe Or* are divided into feverai Sections, and r0
which, although I did not fee the Fruit, yet I queftion nor but the fame kind
followed, as to the others of the fame Family to be deferibed hereafter.

It grew in the Ifland of Barbados .

Chriflophoriana Americana Malabathri folks acuminatis nervofis dent at a. Plukenet
tab. 1 59. fig. 1. Cat. pi. Jam. p. 164.

I found it in the Ifland of Barbados , whence I brought fome dried Samples
of it r

Arbor Americana Malabathri Jubrotundis foliis , fubtus lamgine ferruginea vil-
lofts. Plukenet. tab. 149. fig. 3. Cat.pl. Jam.p. 164.

This feemed to be in Flowers, Leaves, &c. in all things the fame with the
others of the fame Family, only it was lefler in the Leaves than moft of them
they were fomewhat rufty on the back fide, and corrugated above, in which
it was differing from all the others. The Leaves ftand oppofite one to the
other, and they were of a dark green colour.

I found it in the Ifland of Barbados.

Grcfittlari* fructu non fpinofa, Malabathri foliis ohlongis, florihus herbaceis race~
mofs, frufftt nigro. Aninga peri. P iff Ed. i6y%.)p. 116. {Ed. 165S.) p. zlS.
Jonjl. Dendr. z6<). Cat.pl. Jam. p. 165. An Arbufcula Jamaicenfiis Malabathri
angufliorbus foliis leviter crenatis fuperna facie per ficcitatem nigrist fubtus au~
tern argent eis & praUvore fplendentibus. Plukenet. Phyt. tab. z6y. fig. 1. Alma?,
p. 40 *

I his Shrub rifes (ometimes Ten Foot high, though very often ’tis about
live or Six only, its Trunk is fmall, branch’d, having a flnooth whitifh Bark ;
its Leaves ftand on half an Inch Foot-ftalks oppofite to one another ; are Six

Inches

i

4°

Tab. II
Fig. 4.

Tab. 1:
F/g. 1.

^4 Voyage to JAMAICA.

Inches long, one and a half broad in the middle where broadeft : of a very dstfk
s een colour, having three Ribs running through the Leaf from the Foot-
Llks elld with cranlverfe ones after the manner of the others of this kind, or
the ft to us'd in the Shops: the tops of the Branches are Bunches of fmall
white Flowers, to which fucceed fo many fmall, black, round, Imooth crowned
Berries having in a purplith Pulp, feveral very fmall black Seedi

It grows in a Gully near the Town of St .jago de la Vega, in mod Gullies in ,

1 pjfo, in his Delcription of this Plant, fays, firft, 1 hat the Leaves are La-
mgihfa, and then Vdm Lamgmfa, whfch fhows his fl.ght way of defcnbing
He favs likewife that the Leaves powdered, or Juice of them, Cure frelli
and inveterate Ulcers by the fird intention, if they be put into them very

^Greffalaria fruitu non fpirefa, Malaiatbri foliis, fuim niveis fruclu raceme fo
U amklU medum difpofm. Cat. pi. Jam. p. 165. Sambucm Barbadenfikas dsf/a

foliis [ub'tncanis. Plukenet. tab. zzi. fig. 6. . . . c

This appeared in every thing to be the fame with the former, only the
Leaves were white underneath, and extremely pretty ; the Fruit lianas in an
Umbel at top, after the manner of Elder Berries, they making a more Hon-
zontal Surface than the preceeding, whofe Berries are not fo numerous, anu

tome plac’d higher, others lower. t .

I found it in Barbados or Nieves, which of them I remember not.

Lyczum forte, foliis fubrotundis integris, [finis & foists ex adverjo Jitis. C at.

^l' This' had7 a white Wood which was hard and folid, a Bark redifh-gray
coloured, and fomewhat Scabrous, or rough on the Twigs, on which were
fet Leaves oppofite to one another, of about three quarters of an Inch Dia¬
meter, being almoft round, only fomewhat pointed towards both ends, with¬
out any Foot-ftalks, and having two reddilh, long, iharp, andftrong prickles,
rifing ex eorum alls. They are of a dark green colour above, and fmooth.

It grew in Barbados, where I gathered it. ,

Arbor wali perficee foliis anguflis, oblongis, acummatis, ex adverjo fit is. Cat. pc

oS

Tibs Tree was one of the larged fize, growing very high with a great
Trunk and having the Leaves Banding on the Twigs, which are fomewhat
prickly at about an Inch didance, always by pairs oppofite to one another
without any Foot-dalks, each being about Four Inches long, and one broad
near the beginning where broaded. and whence they decreafe ending in a
point being equal on the edges, and green, with one middle, and feme tranf-
verfe Ribs. Becaufe of the impeded defeription I have of this, I cannot

place it better.

I gathered it in Barbados, , ,r ,. ,

frunifera vel nucifera feu nuci prunife/a arbor Americana pracelja angustis law -

rifoltis late virentibus mafiichen odoratam f undens, fluke net. tab. ziy. fig. 5.

CTlbs?s”oneof8the larged Trees, and highed of ■the Maud of Barbados,
where it grows every where, and is in ufe for all forts of Buildings. The
Twigs Were brown and fmooth, having Leaves with very fliort, if any Foot-
ftalks, being themfeives about three Inches long, and about an Inch broad m
the middle where broadeft, and whence it decreafes to both extremes, being
of a very curious green colour, fmooth and ftiining, fomewhat like to Bay-
Leaves, having one middle, and feveral tranfverfe Nerves running very cun-
oufty through the Leaf, which is hard and not fucculenc. The Frult waj a

turbinated fmall Plum of chebignefs and Ihapeof a Hazel-Nut, having under

a Mem-

A voyage to JAMAICA

41

hStdMote ItfeTeme? ‘ ^ ai,d rm°°th Sto-> "•** «

It grew every where in the I (land of Barbados.

Cat ir%2"T\JrUav r0'“td° TXim° tall'[ce»te *«»«•» caput excdenle
btfi plum p i m. Maltts Arantia utriufyue India frudu

PlukeTJlJfJ Z ““ t'™0 Srmfluli,) SUM‘

• ttSJBKMSftr 2"f*ri5&4

M#Kr Sf£S;d£3 -ft •' '

colou" y °r an° 1£r fMt0f tl,iS With the PU|P “d R“>d of an Orange

They are pknted in Jamaica, and thrive extremely well, though I mufl-
confefs, I think, that as in Jamaica their China Oranges are better dian thofe
neff < M0S 5 f° m BM°S their S^ocks furpafs thofe of Jamaica in good-

The Seed of this was firfl brought to Barbados by one Captain Shaddock
Commanuer ot an Eaft-India Ship, who touch’d at that Ifand^n his PafTage
to England, and left its Seed there. g

n^T<“Dn I f Barhados. we fet Sail, and came the next Morning

People from BarNdos^NvT LfT rThl,S *? inhabited by a bnall number of Of Santa
rnunf r > B*bi’ fw!thin ,fl§hc of wbich it lies) who keep it on the ac- Lucia.

want iVl Jl°°d^ThlC V5 ia? m Pknty’ aild tbeY at Barhados very much
want It has beendifputed by the French whether the Englifh were Proprie-

tois of it, or they ; but I was told that being in the Pofelon of the EM
fnooM °f thC S!gnin§ fhe treaty of Neutrality with France in 1687^ it

“ “oSrSrs0 ^ 1 haVe hcard that ic ab<™d* **.

The fame day we had fight of Martinico , by fome Matalina, Matinino or Of Mart i-

diftan^TV *? ^elon^nS t0 the French : called by Columbus Matinino mco.

diflant Ten Leagues from Dominica, Col. 19 y. In 140. North-Latitude and

in lhe°Cg-h Phdt™kL 47 7’ rrc was the firft Plantation the French had
3 tbe '“artbes> and lf 1 was not mifmform’d, the Mother of their other Plan¬
tations: the Inhabitants are reckoned Twelve hundred.

cbeSeventb in fight of Dominica, which is an If and belonging Of Domi-
to die Canle Indians who are at prefent Inhabitants of it. It was difcovfred nica.
m Columous s Second Voyage to the Weft Indies, after Twenty Days Sail of
^even hundred and fifty, or Eight hundred Leagues from Gomcra, and in Fif-
lCQC1] Days lrGn] tnc Ca”*ries by Laudoniere. It was fo called becaufe difeo-
Cied 011 a °unday f- It has two Hot Baths in it, and ufed to afford Refrefh- 1 Col a?
ment to the Englifh Sailing that way * d KeitClh t^Ln

llght of GuadalfjC which is an If and inhabited by shirleh S99.
ft 'ft‘c * . C its Name from S. Maria di Guadalupe, and was difeovered PurAjas-
November 4. by thrift op her Columbus in his Second Voyage. 0f Guada-

On December 8. we came within Thirteen Leagues of Monferrat, fo called lupe‘

/ 71 lts ^eighth h and difeovered in Columbus s Second Voyage : it is not very f Col. f 97
rgC'u J his I1Iand 15 very well furniflied with good Water It has a River, O/Monfer-
f p, i°^n’ aild mafly Sugar- Works. It has about Two thoufand Whites, rat*
fmoltly hnjh,) on it, and is Subje&to the Englifh. The Captain-General of the
Leeward C arm Ifands, who generally Refdes at Nieves, has always the

Command of it, and a Deputy-Governor there. They are - furnilhed here
with lonie Money for Traffick

M

Between

42 A Voyage to JAMAICA

Of Redon- Between Monferrat and Nieves lies a very fmall I Hand called Redondo or
do. Rotonda, dilcoveredby Columbus in his Second Voyage, who gave it the Name

t Col. 97. of Santa Maria Rotonda , from its Figure f . It confiits of one Rock very Per¬

pendicular and high, looking like a Pyramid, and as if there were nothing
but Rock ; but I was inform’d by thofe who have been upon it, that there is
on its top an Acre or two of very good Ground, that it has a very good
Landing Place, and a Well of very good frelh Water. It has alfo great ttore
of Iguanas of a blackilh colour. Many Boobies, and other Birds that come
hither to lay their Eggs at proper Sealbns.

On Friday the 9th. of December we came to Anchor in Nevis Road, in Se¬
ven Fathom Water.

0 Har court. Nieves. lometimes Mevis or Meves *, was inhabited in 1618 f. It Confitts of

one Mountain of about Four Miles heighth to the top, whence is an eafie

ic l 1 1

the Road. They have neither Springs nor Rivers, but have what Water

they make ufe of from Citterns receiving the Rain-Water. The Ground is
cleared almoft to the top of the Hill, where yet remains fome Wood, and
where are Run-away Negros that harbour themfelves in it. There are about
Two thouland Inhabitants here, who being gathered together for the Duke of
Albemarle to Review, I found more Swarthy, or of a yellowitti fickly look,
than any of the Inhabitants of thefe Iflands. The Town or Road is well for¬
tified with Batteries, and a Fort. They have little Money, but Buy and Pay
with Sugars which are blackifli. Their Horfes, which are fmall, as well as
many of their Provifions, come from Barbuda, an Ifland not far dittant where
Cattle are bred. I went to the top of the Hill to gather Plants, and though
it had nor did not Rain at bottom ; yet I was taken there in fo great Showers
that I was wet unto the Skin. There is here an hot Spring affording a con-
ftantly running Rivulet of Water, made ufe of for all purpofes as common
Water. I found here the following Plants.

Filix arborea ramofa , caudice non divifo , pinna l is anguftis raris oblujis integris.
Cat.pl. Jam.p,%z.

As to the Trunk, and the manner of its growth (as well as I can remember)
•this was the fame with the Tree Fern of Jamaica, in the whole Face of the Tree
and Leaves, refembling a young Tamarind-Tree. The Fcot-ttalks and middle
Ribs of this Trees Leaf were not prickly, but their Stalks Imooth, large, and of
a reddilh green colour: the Branches and Twigs rofe out of it alternatively,
and the TinnuU were blunt, even, not dented about the Edges, and were a-
bout half an Inch long, being join’d at bottom to the Twig, but having a defebf
between them becaufe of their narrownefs. The PinnuU were of a dark green
colour, and pretty thick.

This I gathered in the Mountain which makes the Ifland of Nieves , to¬
wards the top, in a Gully where it grew very plentifully.

Gramen daffylon bicorne tomentofum maximum, fpicis numerofijjimis. Cat. pi.
Jam. p. 33.

This has many ttrong Thongs, or large white Filaments, which are Two
or Three Inches long tapering, and taking firm hold of the Earth. The Stalk
riles Three, Four, or Five Foot high, and has at bottom many Leaves enclofmg

Tab. 14, it, and one another, after the manner of fome of the Cy^r«r-Graffes ; each of

them being Two Foot long, with alharpBack, being harfli, narrow, andfome-
thing like thole of the C'jperus-GtdMks. The Stalk is ttreight, round, pale
green, as big as a Goole-Quill, made up of Four or Five Joints, the fpaces
between them being covered with a Leaf, from the uppermoft of which to¬
wards the top go Twenty, Twenty four, or a great many fetioli or Foot-
ttalks jointed, and from whofe Joints go other fmaller Fetioli, making in all,
both a little under, and at the top itfelf, a vatt number of P amides , each of

which

-

A Voyage to JAMAICA.

43

which is divided into Two Spikes {landing like Horns, after the manner of
Gramen ifcbamon bicorne. Each of them has very much long, fofc, very white
Down, or Tomentum much finer than Cotton, and fometimes one may per¬
ceive among them fome few Coarfer Hairs which I take to be Ari(l<e.

This varies in being fometimes of a reddifli or purplifli colour, which I fop-
pole proceeds only from the Age of the Plant.

It grew under the top of the Hill or Mountain making the Ifland of
Nieves, and near the Angels, on the other fide of the River, as well as in fe-
veral other places of the Ifland of Jamaica.

The Indians told Pifo that the Roots of this beaten, and given with any
convenient Liquor, was a proper Remedy to expel Poifon.

Gramen avenaceum, panicula minus fparfa, glumis alba fericea lanugine obduciis.

Cat. pi. Jam. p. 3 5.

The uppermoft Joint of this Gra^yhacL a Six Inches long graffie Leaf,
which by its under part enclofed the Cufmus beneath, this Joint was about a
Foot long, by which one may guefs that the whole Grafs was very high ; the
Panicle was at top, being about Four Inches long, not very fparfe, made up
of many Petioli, or Spikes {landing round, or taking their original alterna- Tab. 14.
tively without any order from the top of the Culmus ; each of thefe Petioli Ftg. 1.
had fattened to them by very finall and fhort Foot-ttalks, feveral reddifli, ob¬
long, pointed Grains or Seeds, fomething of the fliape of Oats, lying be¬
tween two Glum* or chaffy Membranes, which were on the out fide covered
over with a pretty long filken Lanugo, Tomentum, or Cotton, which diftin-
guiflies it fufficiently from others near akin to it.

I found it in Madera, or one of the Caribes, and if I remember right it
was in the Ifland Nieves .

Urtica raceme fa, fruticofa, angujli folia, fruclu tricocco. Cat. pi. Ja?n. p. 3 8.

This has a cornered woody Stalk covered with brown at bottom, but at
top green Bark, having many fierce Hairs on them, and LeaVes coming out
alternatively, firft on one fide, then on another. They have half an Inch
Foot-ttalks, with many ttrong Hairs, the Leaves themfelves being Three Tab. i6„
Inches long, and not an Inch broad near the round Bafe where broadeft. Fig j.
from thence they decreafe to their tops, where they end in a point, being
deeply ferrated on their Edges, and having little Hair on them. Towards
the tops of the Branches come Ex alis foliorum an Inch and a half long
Strings, to which flick the Fruit, which at firft is very {'mail and tricoccous,
growing larger and rough, with long Hairs on its out-fide, each of the three
round fides containing one large ftriated roundifli Seed.

I found it in one of the Caribe Iflands, and cannot pofitively affirm it to
be flinging, but believe it to be that of Pifo.

Piper lonyttm folio nerve (0, latiori, dr tenuiori, atroviridi. Cat.pl. Jam. p. 45-.

This is m every thing like what in Jamaica is called Spanifb Elder , only the
Leaves are thinner, broader (efpecially at Bafe,) of a darker green colour,
having their Ribs lefs apparent than it, and being fmooth, otherwife as to
manner of growing, &c. ’Tis exadfly the fame.

I found it in one of the Caribes.

Amaranthoides fruticofum, foliis longis, anguflis, fubtus niveis. Cat.pl. Jamp. 48.

An Poljgonum erechm lignofum rorifmarini foliis Virginianum. D. Banifler,

Pluk. Alm.p 301 ?

The Stalk of this Plant was ftreight, woody, covered with a fmooth, red¬
difli brown Bark ; at every Inch or two having Leaves greater and letter, a- Tab. 7.
bout 1, z, or 3, the largeft having a very ftiort Foot-ftalk, being about two Fii- 3-
Inches long, and three quarters of an Inch broaddn the middle where broad¬
eft, from the Foot-ftalk increafing to the middle, and thence decreafing and
ending in a point, being fmooth, dark green on the upper fide, and very

white

A Voyage to JAMAICA.

white underneath. Ex alisfoliorum {lands without any Foot-ftalk a round con¬
glomerated Head for Flowers, made up of many white dry Membranes laid
very clofe Squammatim one by another like the others of this kind.

J found it in Madera Ifland, or one of the Caribes.

Aparines folio anomala vafculo feminali ret undo mull a femina minutiffma con¬
tinent e. Cat. pi. Jam. p. 50.

The Branches of this were woody, covered with a fmooth Bark about a
Tab. 7. Foot and a half long, cornered, and having Leaves plac'd at the Joints two

Bg. 4. always oppofitethe one to the other, being about an Inch and a half long,

and about an eighth part of an Inch broad at Bafe where broadeft, and
whence it decreafes, ending in a point, being fmooth, equal on the Edges
and Carinated ; Ex aliis foliorurn comes a roundifh fmall Body, adittle prickly
or hairy at top, which augments ’till it is round as big as a Pepper Corn, as it
were crowned at top, and which contains within it one Cell, which is full of
{mail Seed like that of Henbane , flicking to a Body which is in its Center.

1 found it in Barbados, or one of the Caribes.

Colocafia hederacea flerilis latifolia. Plumier, />. 3 7* fig. 51. lit. a. & ftg.51.
Cat.pl. Jam. p. 63.

This I obferved in the Wools of the Ifland of Nieves.

On tailing the end of the Stalk of this Plant Father Plumier found his
Mouth fo inflamed that he could not fpeak for two Hours, but was forced to
keep his Mouth open, his Tongue hanging out. Oxycrat took away the In¬
flammation, but the Acrimony of the Juice had fo burnt his Tongue and the
Roof of his Mouth, that he could not tad any thing in Ten Days.

Pulegium longijjimis latiffimifqus foliis. Cat.pl. Jam. p. 64.

This had fourfijuare hollow Stalks, having Joints at Two or Three Inches
difiance, at which {land the Leaves oppofite to one another, being about an
Inch and an half long, and three quarters of an Inch broad, fmooth, equal on
the Edges, being broadeft in the middle, and pointed at both ends, having
Tab 7, one middle Rib, and feveral lateral apparent ones going to the Edges, with-

Fig. 5. out a Foot-ftalk, but having a Membrane furrounding the joint where ’tis fet

on, enclofing the Stalk and feveral Hairs or Threads, or loft Prickles, fome
longer, fome fliorter, as well as Branches, having fmaller Leaves. Towards
the top come at the Joints feveral Ferticilli, being Heads pretty thick fet
round the Stalk, made up of feveral Flowers, Apices or Seeds, under which
are generally Two Leaves as the others below, only much fmaller.

It grew in one of the Caribes , but which I do not remember, neither
were my Obfervations about it very exadt when I gather’d it, mofi being taken
from the dry’d Plant, fo that I am not certain if it Smells, or be a Pulegium.
Mr. Pettiver had it both from Guinea and Barbados.

Legumen trifolium fub terra fruEtum edens. Raii hi ft. pi. p. 919. Cat. pi.
Jam. p. 73.

I found this in fome of the Caribe Iflands, but where I remember not,

Alt baa fpicata be tonic# folio viilofo , fpica breviori & laxiori. Cat. pi:
Jam. p. 97.

This has feveral woody, round, reddiih Branches, hollow, and having
Leaves fet on alternatively {landing, on half an Inch Foot-fialks, being of a-
bout an Inch long, and three quarters of an Inch broad near the round Bafe
Tab. 54. where broadeft, and whence they decreafe, ending in a Point, being Serrated

Fig. 3. about the Edges, extremely hairy, hirfute, or woolly, of a yellowilh green

colour, ex alls fol. come fmall Branches, on which, and on the ends of the
Twigs, come in Pentaphyllous, villofe calices, the Flowers, Spike fafhion one a-
bove another, after the manner of Althaea Americana pnmila flore luteo Spicato
Breynii, to which follows feveral Seeds, about Five in number, of the lhape
of thofe of Mallows, and fet round after the fame manner.

I met

A Voyage /o JAMAICA,

45

m

I met with this Plant in one of the Caribe Iflands

fdh- ^ ~

This Branch was covered with a long Vnmginecm Wool making it
rough , under winch was a hard Wood. It was frequently divided Into
Tw,gs which were fee pretty thick w.th Leaves at about an Inch d, dance
afunder, each of them being aboutan Inch long, and half as broad near the Tab if
Bafe where broadeft and from whence they decreafe towards their ends to a F>t 2
p°'ntk f!e‘ng very deeply cut in on the Edges, and finooth, Handing on db. 14.
Foot-flalks Ex ah f ol, or um come the Pods They are always two, Hand- % 4-
mg like Bui s Horns, being hairy about an Inch Jong, crooked, pointed
round, and having within them feveral (mail Peafe. * *

I found it in one of the Caribes.

Lauroceraji foliis Jliquofa fruticofa. Cat. pi. Jam. p. 15-3,

The Twigs of this had under a thin green Bark a foft whitiih Wood and
large Pith, the Leaves Hood at thejoints oppolite to one another and iomc
times alternatively, having one third of an Inch long Foot-flalks,’ they were
four Inches long, and about two broad near the middle, towards tiie far¬
ther end where broad eft, being narrow at both extremes, having one mid- Tab. if.
die, and fome crooked tranfverfe Ribs being equal, fucculent, and like ro the %• 3-
Leaves of Lamecerajus. It had at top a Ihort crooked pointed Pod with
two eminent Nerves on its Valves, parallel to the large one on its’Back
In grew in the Caribes , but where I remember not.

Arbor mali Ter fu a Mamey, « diSht foliis fubrotundis, acuminatis, ex adverto
Jit is. Cat. pi. Jam. p. 180. J

This Tree had Twigs cover’d with a fmooth reddilh Bark, and Leaves
coming out of thejoints by Pairs, fet oppofite to one another at about two Tab.j.F^
Inches diftance, having very fmall or no Foot-ftalks, being about two inches
long, and one broad, near the round Bafe where broadeft, and whence it de
creafed, ending in a Point, being fmooth even on the edges, and having
Veins running through its Leaf, very regularly after the manner of Mamm*e
I found it in one of the Caribes .

The Bath here is taken notice of by fome Travellers, as Harcourt and nr / ,
Smith. The firft fays that it cures the Leprofie : is good in Couphs it curing / T h°*

the Author, who drank and bath’d. It alfo remedies burning with Gun-powder N'!

and fwell’d Legs. Harcourt. Purchas . 1x82. The fecond tells us that it
cur’d their Men in two or three Days, who were tormented with a burning
Swelling, as fcalding from the Dew of Trees, Smiths obff. p. 57. S

That hot natural Waters are fometimes when cold little elfethan common
Water, and u fed for it, is not only apparent from this, but likewife Purchas ,
who informs us that Seamen furnilh their Ships at Tidore with Water hot at if-
luing out, but cold when it has flood. Purchas, 44 And thatat Debug t is a
Stream of hot Water, which put into a Veffel becomes cool and healthfome,
and is fo little differing from fair Water as to be drunk, and ferve other ufes
to the Inhabitants inftead and in want of it. Elkington. Purchas lib. 4. 523.

Which, by the way, may let us fee that ’tis not improbable that hot Waters owe
their warmth to fomething without, and not mix’d in them.

The Miners being fent out in this Ifland found here a Mineral out of which
Alum could be made. So Hawks ap. Hakl. 3. p. 4 69. tells us ’tis na¬
tural to New-Spairt. And ’tis without queftion to be found in feveral places
of America, though in moft of them it will not defray the Coft of Making and
Carriage to Europe, where is its great demand for the ufe of Dyers

The Captain General of thefe Iflands, which was Sir Nathanael Johnfon, "
refided during our being here at Ant ego. This Ifland is not far diftant from °f Anrego,
Nieves , and is thought to be on many accounts preferable to it, It was dif-

N cover’d

4<S A Voyage to JAMAICA.

Of Baabu
da.

cover’d in Colons Second Voyage, and called by him Santa Maria del Anti¬
gua, 97. There were reckon d Two thoufand White Inhabitants on it at the
time of our being here. It was told me when I was at Nieves that it was very
difficult of Accefs; and dangerous for Ships, not well acquainted with the
Shoals about it, to land there.

Barbuda is depending on thefe Iflands : it is fmall, moflly Padure, and
breeds great ftore of Cattle of all forts, with which Colonel Codrington
(to whom it belongs,) keeps feveral Veffels that are always Trading with
the other Caribe Iflands- It has alfo Provifions more than fufficient for
the Confumption of its Inhabitants. The Proprietor keeps a large Family
for its Defence.

We came from Nieves Road on the Eleventh of December, in five Hours time
O/Sf.Chri- to the old Road in St. Chriflophers, which is on its South fide, and fortified with
itophers. a ftrong Fort belonging to the Englifh. This Ifiand has no Harbour or Road on
its North fide. It has a ridge of Hills runs through its middle, lying Ead and
Well, as does the Ifiand. There are deep Gullies, Rivulets, (or Torrents with
fleepBanks)on each fide of thefe Hills. This Ifiand hasthebed Water of any ot
the Caribes and the Inhabitants look whiter, Ids fallow, and are of finer Com¬
plexions than any of the Dwellers on the other Iflands It was inhabited (at the
time of my being here} by French and Englifh; the English being in the mid¬
dle, and the French at both extremes. The Governor Colonel Hill Treated
his Grace the Duke of Albemarle ; and the French Governor hearing of his
coming alhore lent him a Complement by an Officer. We fail’d along its South
fide, and came in fight of a great Hill which is called the Sulphur Mountain.
It is bare, and I was told had great quantity of Brimfione in it. This Ifiand
Was planted by Captain Warner with Fifteen People in 1613. Smiths Obff.p.
51. they living on Tortle. ib. There were in this Ifiand ftrong Hedges made
of that fort of Acacia defcribed by Aldinus, and that fort of Flower called
White Lilly in Jamaica, in abundance.

We pall in fight of St.Euflache commonly called Statia, a fmall round Ifiand,
fome*T,eagues Well, or to Leeward of St. Chriflophers. It belongs to the
Dutch, who inhabit it, though it has had feveral Mailers in time of War.

After palfing this Ifiand we came in fight of Saba, which likewife is inha¬
bited by the Dutch, though in War it has been feveral times attempted and
taken from them by other Nations.

The next Ifiand was Santa Cruz, Santa Croce, call’d Agay, of Martyr. Decad.
and Ajay of Oviedo. The Caribes, its Inhabitants, eat Men, and fome of them
were lent into Spain. Ovied. This is larger than moll of thefe Caribe Iflands:
and has been formerly inhabited by the Spaniards, but now is by a fmall
number of French. It lies Eaft and Wed, and has a ridge of Hills runs
through its middle.

On Tujday the Thirteenth of December, we came in fight of Porto Rico , by
the Indians called Burichena, Martyr. Decad. and Boriquen by Oviedo. This
Ifiand commonly called by Sailers St. Johns, or St. Juan de Puerto Rico, lies
Well of this lad. It is large and well inhabited by Spaniards, who have a
Governor here. It has a ridge of Hills running through its middle Eall and
Well likewife. Sir Richard Greenvile who landed and fortified on this Ifiand,
p. i) 1. left it becaule of the Muskitos flinging them there, ib.

The next Ifie we failed by was Mona almall Ifiand Eall of Hifpaniola, after
which we came to Sail along the fide of this lall mention’d Ifiand. It is very
long, and has a ridge of high Hills cover’d with Wood, goes through it Ead
and Wed, as it lies it felf It has lying off of it Alta beta, famous for Tor-
ties, where are a great many Eggs laid by them in the Sand, which are
there hatch’d. To the South, and near the Wed-end isanother Ifiand called
ilia deVac. yj[a y^cas, Ifle de V aches, or corruptly by the Englifh Ifie of Afh : at this

Of Statia.

Of Saba.

Of Santa
Cruz.

Of Porto
Rico.

Of Mona.
OfHifpa-
niola.

Aka bela.

A Voyage to JAMAICA. 47

place the Englifh ufed to fifh for Tortoife, &c. But now it is inhabited by
the French, they pretend to hinder them.

The French inhabit one half of Hifpaniola or St. Domingo, and are pofiefs’d
of that part of it which lies to the North, the Spaniards that to the South. Hifpa*
It had according to Cafas three Millions of Inhabitants, whereof not two m0 a’
hundred remain’d in his time. It was called guirqueia and Haiti by the
Natives, the firft from its Vaftnefs, the lad from its Roughnefs. Martyr.

It was called likewife Cipango from its Gold Mountains, and by the Spaniards
firft Ifabella from the Queen, then from Hifpania, Hispaniola, and was count¬
ed Four hundred and fifty Miles long, and Three hundred broad by Martyr.

And One hundred and fifty Leagues long, and Eighty broad by Oviedo. It
is in 18 or zo°. Lat. Id. There was One Million two hundred thoufand
Inhabitants on Hifpaniola at firft, who being not ufed to Labour, werekiil d
moft of them by it. Martyr.

Near Jamaica, (which is Seventeen Leagues Weft from Hifpaniola,) we met
the Faulcon Frigat fent from that Ifiand to wait for us ; in a little time we came
in fight of Morant, the moft weftwardly Point of Jamaica-, and on the Nine¬
teenth of December cape into Port-Royal Harbour.

THE

49

O F

JAMAICA.

• t

BOOK I.

OF THE

i .

of

C (

Chap. I.

Of Submarine (Plants ,

n

Hofe growing it? the Seas about Jamaica, maybe divided

into fuch as are of a flony Subftance, as Corals, under
which are comprehended Pores, flony Mulhromes, &c.
thofe of a woody, or horny and tough Subftance, with a
coralline Incruftation ; and thofe of an herbaceous or fofc
confiflence, as the Fiici ; but they have this compion,
that all of them fmell very fifty, or ftrong of the Sea.

They arc likewife faltifh to the Taft, and for the

moft part, upon drying, there flicks to them a White Subftance, chiefly
made up of Sea-Salt ; and from this Concretion, or rather Salt, (without
the addition of any Alkali ) flicking to the Leaves of the Delisk (the hu¬
mid parts of the Salt-water being evaporated; it is that that Plant is made
delightful to the Frith Palats.

Moft ofthefe Plants vary very much in their Colours, not only thofe Sea-
Shrubs, Which have incruftations over them, when in their Maturity or
State, being fome.tim.es Purple, or White on the fame Branch; but like-
wife, being thrown on Shore by the Waves, dafhing againft Stones, &c. they
loAc fame, moft, or all of theif Cruft, and change their Face extremely. The
lame caufe makes all Corals here vary very much, being extremely White
as Snow, if they have fain on tl?e Shore, expofed to the injuries of the Air,
£n,d dafting of the Sea, for fome time.

O

!

yo The Natural Hi ft or y of Jamaica.

But the mod common variety of thefe Submarine Plants comes from the
Conferva Marina, and Froth of the Sea, which makes them, by being cafton
them, and dried with them, of a very Green, or dirty Yellow Colour.

Several of this Tribe, and more than of others, have been in Europe, they
being to be met with at the firft landing of Seafaring Men, and not growing
in the inland parts, whither Sailers leldom go; add to this, that they are for
the molt part from their falter, harder, and drier Confiltence, eafilier kept
from Corruption, and by their Beauty more tempting than other Vegetables;
fo that the Cabinets of the Curious, Shops of Drugfters, Surgeons, Barbers,
and Apothecaries have abounded with greater Varieties of this, than any
other kind.

The moll part of Corals themfelves having ftriated Lines, and many
of them Harry Pores, which are put by molt Authors for the CharaCte-
riflicks of Pores, as diltindfrom Corals ; i lhall not give thole Corals I met
with in Jamaica, the names of Pores which feems to belong to molt, if not
all of them to be found here ; but only call them Corallia porofa, to diflin-
guifli them from the more lolid.

I lhall put the Corallines with the Frutices Marini, or Sea-Shrubs, which are
made up of a horny, tough Matter, with a Coralline incrultation, becaufe
Molt of them have a Nerve or Thread running through them, which al¬
though the lalt herein delcribed feem to be quite delticute of, yet becaufe
of its not being ereCt, and fmallnefs, it lhall be reckoned by me a Coralline.

For the name Spcngu Spuria, I make ufe of it here to fignifie any fibrous,
reticulated fpongy Body, growing in the Sea, and thrown up by the Waves,
which notwithftanding it be very like in many things to a true Spunge, it is
yet harder; fo that ’tis not eafily prelied, nor has much elalticity, neither doth
it fuck up Water as that does, which are the marks of true Sponges. Thefe
Bodies would by lome be called Alcyonia.

The way of Propagation of this fthole Tribe, which lies much from our
Sight or Obfervation, has been very oblcure, it feems to be different in the
feveral Kinds of them, as to the harder or (tony Plants, there is fome ac¬
count of their Propagationjin giving a Defer! ption of the Afiroites , or liar
Stone : there is likewife fomewhat of the growth of Corals, in the account
of fome of thofe I found growing ; and as to the Fuci, or thofe of a fofter
or herbaceous Confiltence, their Seed has been difeovered, (and lhewed me
firlt) by the Indultry of the Ingenious Herbarilt, Mr. Samuel Doody, who
found on many of this Kind folid Tubercles, or rifings in fome Seafons,
wherein were lodged leveral round Seeds, as big as Multard-Seed, which,
when Ripe, the outward Membrane of the Tubercle breaking, leaves the
Seed to float up and down with the Waves. This Seed coming near Stones,
or any folid Foundation, by means of a Mucilage it carries with it, Hicks to
them, and (hoots forth LiguU with Branches, and in time comes to its Per¬
fection and due Magnitude.

-cu. ••i a) mo Jon /■ ".o . v •

7'ab. 17. I. Cor allium afperunt candicarts adult erinum. Cap. pi. Jam.p.i. J. B. A39. c. 33*
Fig. r. Fair hi ft. p 62. Gypfum Coralloides Boet. de Boot, p.yn- Muf Swam. p. 19. Coral -

Tab. 1 8. itum fojjjig exalbidum, pennant gallinaceam crajfum, ramulis alias pluribus , fapius

r* Unis alias amputatis. Luid.lith . Brit. p. 6. No. 92, 93. Tab. 3. No. 92. An Co*

a radii albi fpecies minima duos uncias lata , e Scopulogypfeo enata. Muf. Swam. p. 17 ?

One Kind, or Variety of this. Tab. 17. Fig. 1. was broad at Bafe, about
two Inches, and about one quarter of an Inch thick, three or four Inches high,
whitilh, fmoother than any of the other Corals I met withal here, though a
little rough, and having fome few Pores, folid, and white within when broken,

continuing

The Natural Hijlory of Jamaica.

continuing broad to the end, which were round tips like thofe of Harts¬
horn, half an Inch long, (landing out from the margin of the broader part
every way, which was moftly flat, though fometimes branched ; the(e points
or tips, which are fomtimes crooked, growing larger, united, and having
their Interftices between them filled up, make the broadeft part of this
Coral, it appearing to be nothing elfe than the tips join’d together, and
having holes in thole places where the fpace between them is larger, and not
(o foon fill’d as the others, fomething refembling thofe round Cakes of
Bread made by the Jem at Ea/ler. And of this, as to manner of growth,
there is very great variety, the chief mark of it being from its colour
and (blidity ; the moll remarkable varieties being in the under parts of it
being broad or roundifh, the Interllices filled up or not, and its round
Branches growing parted from one another every way, or being extended one
way.

It is to be found on mod of the Shoals about the Ifland, and very
plentifully on the Northern Coafl of Hifpaniola, where the Silver Ship was
wreck d , much of this kind having been filhed up with it.

There are many varieties of this growing on Sea Shrubs, of various fhapes
and figures, but all agreeing in being more (tony and folid than the other
Kinds, although it be porous within, and rough on the outfide. tab. 18.

Fig. i»

One fort of it I have growing all round a common Glafs Bottle, this
Bottle was by chance or Earthquake, thrown into the Sea in Port-Royal Har¬
bour, and thence taken up by a Diver, whom the Reverend Mr Scambler fent to
the bottom of the Sea to take up Money and Goods he had lod in the great
Earthquake. It is figured. Tab. 1 9. This lhews the Seed of Coral to be liquid.

I think the kind of FoJJil Coral found in Oxfcrdjlnre, and mentioned by
Mr. Luid. Lithophilac Brit. p. 6. No. 92. & 93- feems to be this. It is there
figured, No. 91. Tab. 3.

This is pretty well figured by Gefner , and J. B.

II. Cor allium Album pumilam nojlras. Cat. nofl.p. 1. Rail hift. p. 62. tab. 18. Tab. i8>

Tig- 2.. Fig. 2,

I could not find any great difference between the Coral found on the
Wed Coad of England, and this in Jamaica, and very little between it and
one 1 had given me by Mr. George Handifyd, who brought it from the Streights
of Magellan, with many other Natural Curiofities : this lad was a little higher,
more branched, lefs crooked, and (lenderer ; That I gathered in Jamaica, was
not over an Inch high with many very crooked Branches, fmooth and folid:
it grew on Rocks, Shells, &c. in the bottom of the Sea, as al(b in roundilh
lumps or maffes, whence it is fometimes cad on Shore. It is ufed in the
London Shops for White Coral ; and Gerard deferibes this Englijh one, giving
the figure of the White Coral, taken from Lobelius’s leones.

This fort which grows in Jamaica, is found about Falmouth in England,
not growing (as I have heard) but thrown thither by the Storms, broken
to pieces.

III. Cor allium album porofum maximum muricatum. Cat.pl. Jam.p. 1. Tab. 18. Tab.

Fig. 3. An White Coral of Davis. Purchas, lib. 3. cap. 1. (ell. 5. p. 135. & F*g' ?•
lib. 4. cap. 6. fsl. 2. p. 448. & 449 t Cor allium album Linfchot, cap. 91 ? vel

de Bry , 3. Part. Ind.or. cap. 1. p. 7 ? Cor allium album non fiflulofum medulla intus
radial a. Muf. Sxammerd. p. 17 ?

This from a dony and yellowifh root or bale, fbmewhat like in fubdance
to Freedone, (ends up feveral Stems as large or larger than ones Thumb, a
Foot and a half high, of a yellowiih White Colour, having feveral crooked
1 . - - - Branches

I

51

The Natural Hi (lory oj Jamaica.

Riches join’d dr anaftomofd frequently one with another tapering towards
5 „ arid ending milk White like the tip of a Horn, this end under vva-

... was always White, as well as foft, and contain d a milky vifcid Juice,
fmelline yety ftrong of the Sea. The outward Surface of this Coral, was,
fmn what we may call the Root, upwards, rayed, ftnated or waved by
I - _ :rc Surface appearing very well to the Microfcope, bccu een

*“?? Z Un, vacukTes’ o? empty fpaces, and all along there were a great

tile upper Me and convex below ; fo that they are fit to hold Water, or
the upper me, aiiu f . pianc and within thefe fmallTu-

any Subdance for noun center r0und to the Circumference,

bercles are many Lme > g g and this ftarry radiated cavity grows lefler,

as m feveral other of i ^ vvhich has altogether from bottom to

going into the middle ofthe ks ^iddie> on the fldes ?f

whicMs a dony Subdance amongft which lies many Pores, mterfpers d with-
!o„vnTr In time thefe under Stems and Brances have their Pores fill d,
^nd?heir Tubercles levell’d, with a dony matter filling them up, and mak¬
ing them look quite of another Face and Confidence, and of a yellowifti
orggreenidi Colour without, which is altogether folid, without vifib.e Pores,
and8dony ; and it is obfervable that if any tops of Coral have been broke*

• i j-Juh tue y are as they ly prodrate on the tops of others, confolidated
and miited^TCry^rm^togetherJand with thefe under them, as it were by

fome fort of Oiment the Uribes, and in Jamaica in (hoal

they took up Coral, which gave them good hopes of other thmgs . that be

Sought a rich Commodity, which 1 am apt to believe muft be meant of

this, as alfo that which Knives mentions to grow in BraJiU by Cape Frio,

this being the moil common Coral in the Wejl-Indns. .

tins Deing uic uiui Ml. Charltons curious Collection,

Having feen fome pi b Subftance, Surface, Colour and

Which -came from the Eg -Mses.ur. at ^ ^ from £he £^.

Magnitude, ag«e 1 1 , P jn £h£ thetefore doubt whether

by Davis to grow about Madagafcar and Boixos das
Ch'azas and by the fame Author, as well as Lancafter and Hankms, to be
fbufd on the Shoals about Sumatra, and by Fa, ton at Fnaman znf T"00^m-
(choten near Mozambique, and by Hatch near Jacatra or Batavte, in the firfl of
Whidh places ’tis Obftrv’d to cut the Cables of Ships, when they ride out of
the R vers Channel, where isOze ; and at the others to caufe or grow on dan.

g rous Shoals, agreeable to what Hughes obferves, that Boats are loft on
geroub on , 5 j-. -r r ODinion that this is what Pyrard de la Val

S u^glots b Z thr^LTLdering the inhabitants wading f™
Me to Ilk and which they beat with fmall Stones, and boil with their Cocos
Water makihg their Honey and Sugar (called Jagra) form, (orKernJ ufing

it as temperfor the Sugar, of which more h““ft“0 , E» d

There are great varieties in this, brought both from
J«j one of which having lain expos'd to the Waves bang dalh d or mnbled
by them, and fo freed from part of their outward Coat, is what 1 luppole
c. B, calls C or alia M variety after a & jlrtata v

IV. Oral*

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica. 5 3

IV. Cor allium porofum, album, minus, muricatum. Cat. pi. Jam. p.i. Nab. 17.Tab.1-j.
Tiy. z. dr Tab. 18. Tig. 4. Subjlantia lapidea fruticem Corallii albi reprefen- Tig. z.
tans minutiffimis punch's dr porofitatibus fcatens, Mich. Rup. Bejl. Gaz. Corallii Ta!>- 1 8.
albi fpecies, Clufio diet a plant a jaxea abrotonoides, Muf. Swammerd. p. 18. Co- F%‘
rallii albi ( pecks gypfeam materiam referens atque adeo Cor allium gypfoides diccn -
.dum cum baft gypfea ac magna. Ejnfd. p. 19. An por us marinus Cor alio ides feu
pfeudo Corallina. Jfelfch. hccatofi. p.z6 ?

This, in every thing, is like the former, only ’tis not over fix Inches high,
the Stalks or Branches, are no larger than a Man’s little Finger, but more
numerous, and thicker together, and the under part, or what, for analogies
fake, may be term’d, the Roots, or rather old Stalks petrified, are larger and
longer.

It is to be found with the former very plentifully, off of Pelican Point near
Port Royal ; and if it be the fame with what is mention’d by an Anonymous
Portugal of Brafile in Purchas, to grow in Braftle copioufly, is there made
into Lime. The great Naturalifl Mr. James Pettiver, my very ^ood Friend
fhewed me this lately fent him from the E ail-indies.

I fufped: the above deferibed Coral, clear’d of its muricated prickles by
the Waves, dre- to be Corallium ociavum five album ftellatnm minus. C. B. pin.
though, if the figure of it be true (being hollow) it cannot be the fame.

' ■

^ V- Corallium, porofum, album, latijfmum, muricatum. Cat.pl. Jam. f. z. lab. 17,
Tab. 17. Fig. 3. Corallii albi fpecies maxima, ramps latiffmis ac comprejjis, duo- Pig. %.
rum fer me pedum alt it udine, lat it udine trium ; Ji digit is pul_ fetur fomm met al-
licum edens. Muf. Swammerd. p. 19.

This looked rather like a flat Stone than Coral. This piece I deferibe was
about half Inch thick, at bottom eight Inches broad, expanding Or extending
its felf by degrees, being two Foot long, and broadefl at top, where it was
two Foot broad, and divided as it were into feveral. Lacinia, lying now and
then over one another, which being ftruck, give a metallic found. Tiie
Surface of this, towards its top, is very rough with {mall muricated hollow
Tubercles, and now and then fome fmall tips, which are alfo muricated and
White at top; the inward Subfiance is more folid, ponderous ami White than
that of the before deferibed Corals. A great many of thefe Stones, coming,
as it were, from the fame Root, inclofe one another fomewhat afeer the
manner of the Squama of Bulbous Roots, or rather the Pet ala of Rotes; on¬
ly they Hand fparle, at diftance one from another, efpecially their broad
ends, fo that under water they look like the Leaves of a Book expanded.

It grows in very many fhapes, the LacinU being fometimes hollow fonfo-
thing like a Tunnel, and at other times rounder, and the edges divided into
varioufly fbap’d, but for the mod part very broad, flat, parts or Segments,

At is to be met with off of Pelican Point by Port Royal Harbour.

O 'I ';dl O . ' L' \ '"'V rjja'l £ .‘.’iVa 'V: • . r j -

VL Corallium minimum capillaceum: Cat.pl. Jam.p.z. Tab. zo: Pig. 1. T*b. 2<ja

This teems the fame with the Corallines for fubilance, fine 11, colour, dr c. F:g' i«
only is not near fb large, neither is it difcernibly jointed, it is not much
bigger than a Hair, and teems to have no thread within, but fineils of the Sea:,
crackles under the Teeth, Hands more upright, as Coral, and not bending,
becaufe of thenvant of joints, in which it differs from the Corallines, be¬
ing otherwite very like the Corallina minima capillacea, mentioned Irene-
after. It is figured Tab. zo. Fig. x. both as it appears to the naked Ey e;Tab. zo.
and by a Microfcope.

It was thrown upon the Sea Banks near the Palifadoes by Port Royal.

54 The Natural Hifiory oj Jamaica.

VH. Lapidis ajlroitidis five ftellaris tertlum gtfius. Boet. de Boodt. l.z. c.iq6.
jig, B . Cat. p> z. Afiroites undulatus. Muf Swammerd. p. 6. Afiroites nndn-
latus major coticavus, capitium reprafentans , duorum pedum circkmferentiam ha-
hens, Ejufd. ibid. An hydatites five Cymatites. Velfch. hecatofi. p. 60. Tab. 2 1 ?
Brain Stones.

This is frequently much bigger than ones Head, roundifh at top, or a Be-
mifphere, having many undulated Furrows on its top, imitating fomewhat
the gyri or a nfraUns of a Mans Brain, from whence they are commonly call’d
Brain Stones ; thefe Furrows have Lines go from their middle to each fide,
they are White, and make as it Were high Banks in the Stone, which are
fometimes waved like the Sea ; from whence the Name Afiroites undulatus.
There is fome variety in this as to the bignefs of the Sulci.

They grow in all the Seas about this Ifiand, and vary very much as to
bignefs and manner of growth, having very often within them fmall White
Shell-Fifti. This is mentioned to be found by my good Friend Dr. Charles
Leigh, in his Natural Hifiory of Lancajhire, &c. Tab. 2. Fig. 1 .

VIII. Lapidis ajlroitidis five ftellaris primum genus. Boet. de Boodt. lib. 2.
tap. 14 6. Cat. p. 2. Piet r a Stellaria di Georgia Tranfier. Lap Ulus in India
e Capite draconis efutus. Marfil. Facin.de vit. calitus compatanda, lib. 3. cap. 15.
Lapis Stellar is, Card, de rer. varietate, lib. 7. Draconites five dracontias. Agricol.
lib. 6. de Nat. fojjfil. Afiroites diftinttiffime Stellas amulans, Muf. Swammerd. p.6.
Afiroites Gejner.de Fig. lap. p. 35. Stellatus lapis Atdrovand. Muf. Met all. p. 872.
Fig. p.%77, 878, 879. Afiroites or (tarry Stones of Dr Plot! s Natural Hifiory
of Oxfordshire, p.87. Tab.z. Fig. 6, 7, 8. & p. 130. Tab. 8. Fig. 2. Millepora
Imperatip. 720. five Afiroites ligneus elegant i or jlellulis totam majfam permeant i-
lus Luid. Lith. Brit. p. 9. No. 160. Tab.z. Lithofirotion five bafaltes minimus
fir iaius & fiellatus. Ejufd. Tab. 23. An Afiroiu congener radularia cretacea ,
Ejufd. p. 10. No. 17 &. Tab. 2 ? & Tab. 3. No- 98 ? Afierias Cardioides Major.
Velfch. hecatofi. p. 60. Afierias jlellis majufculis. Afierias jlellulis minoribus.
Ejufd. Cometites. Ejujdem. An Rhodites. Ejufdem ? An Afieria confufe Stellas
reprafentans, Ejufd. ibid ? Star-Stone, Tab. 2i,

This is for Colour, Subfiance, &c. exadly the fame with the former, only
inflead of undulated Sulci or Furrows, are only fmall holes, pipes, or fpots,
in whofc cavities are Stria, or partitions coming from the fame Center to
the Circumference.

This is as frequent in all thefe Seas as the former, and is found in Eu¬
rope in feveral places at Land, petrified and not petrified as Sea-Shells.
Mr. Charlton gave me a piece of it capable of polifh, petrified and tranfpa-
rent like an Agat, only the Stria were White. Thefe Stones are mod cer¬
tainly bred from a Sebd ; for in the places where they are mod to be found
in fhal low Sea- water, I have feen what we may call their Seed or Spawn very
frequently, viz. a mucilaginous, crydalline, clear Body, of the fame fhape,
and with the fame fpots on their Surface, only no Striae going from the
Center of the holes, which when taken up in the heat, does out of the
Water corrugate and contract its felf into narrower dimenfions, turn Opaque
and of an Adi, or pale Yellow Colour, in which notwithdanding may
plainly be feen the rudiments of the Stone.

Thefe Afiroites Stones are taken up from the bottom of the Sea by
Divers, and brought on Shore not only to burn with Timber to make Lime;
but likewife to build, and that not only ordinary Houfes, but Forts to redd
the battery of Cqpnon.

This

55

The Natural Hijlory of Jamaica.

fc - - - - - ... — — _ _ _ _ _

This Stone moves if put intb Vinegar. The Powder of it, (according to
Pome Natural Hidorians) to four Grains, is good for the Pedilent Contagi¬
on and Worms, againd which lad it is fo effectual, that worn ic hinders
the breeding of them if it touches the naked Body, and keeps off
Tremblings, Apoplexies, and other fudden Difeafes. It brings Vi&ory to
thofe who carry it, and helps Difeafes of the Liver and Lungs, and cleanfes
the Blood : bang’d up in a Room it hinders the coming thither of Spiders,
or other venemous Animals. The whiter, with the Scars well formed, are
your bed, and are let in Rings worth more or Ids, according to the fanev
of the Buyer.

This Stone being, before its Original was known, brought by Empyrics
to Florence , was pretended to tome from the Eaft, and that there it was ge¬
nerated in the Head of a Dragon, having Stars on it ; it was fuppoled to
receive great Vertues from the Cauda Draconis , or Conftellation of that
name, famous amongft Aftrologers, and therefore was held to be very good
for many Difeafes, as well to preferve from them, as to Cure them, in fo
much that one Tranfter in his Bills at Vienna ■, befides the Vertues above-
faid, gave out, that worn it was able to preferve from the Gout, comforted
the Sight, generated Hair, hinder’d Mifcarriage, expell’d the After Birth,
kept away Fear and fearful Dreams, clear’d the Underftanding, and com¬
forted the Melancholy, helpt the Falling-Sicknefs, and kept from being
hurt by any wild fierce Bead, Which all of them deferve no Credit,
being built on Fancy, or defire of Gain ; only the Powder of it, as of Co¬
ralline, may reafonably be fuppofed to Cure Worms.

This kind of Coral is very frequently found in Quarries, and near die Sur¬
face of the Earth in feveral places of Europe- and England. There are many varie¬
ties of it to be found growing under Water, and cad upon the Shores of the
Seas adjoining to Jamaica, and the Garibe Iflands. There is no difference between
thofe to be found in Jamaica and England excepting what may be eafily ac¬
counted for, from that Foflil in England, its having lain long indie Earth,
whereby fome of its Subdance is fometimes loft, and at other times its pores
and cavities are filled with earth, fparry, or flinty Matter. This Stone I have
fome pieces of by me, that were given me by Mr .Beaumont, which are as hard,
diaphanous, and capable of Polifh as any Flint or Agat. (Tab.% i. Fig. i, 2,3.)
fhews the Original of this Adroites, when beginning to grow and f prout up
from the bottom of the Sea. Tis firft a Jelly like the white of an Egg or fain
Star, then grows more Opaque, and if drove afhore, or taken up in this
date, comes to corrugate and dry up into thefe forms. (Fig. 4, 5, 6, 7,8.)
fhews varieties, and different views of the Stone or Coral its felf, when
come to its full ripenefs, date and maturity. (Fig. 9.) fhews alfo one of
thefe Corals or Stones taken up at Faringdon in Barkfhire. This Stone has
lod all the Rays in the flarry Pipes or Cavities, fave one which yet remains
intire, but it retains fome part of them at the Circumference, which makes
the Rays or Stride in the Tides of thofe cavities. It is alfo more ponderous
from the under part, which is filled with dony and earthy Matter- This is
to be found in the place abovementioned in great plenty. (Fig. 10, 1 1 ) fhews
the fame Stone turned into a Flint, which yet retains its Figure as to be eafily
feen, looking on its top to have the Stars, and long- ways to have the Stride
or Rays this Coral has. This polifhes as Agat, and is as hard and dia¬
phanous as it.

This Stone or Coral has likewife been found in Oxford/hire by Dr. Platt,
and by Aldrovandus , I think, in Germany and Italy, and Bellonius fays they
build with them in fome places of France. In Lancashire by Or. Leigh, as ap¬
pears by his Hidory of that Country, Tab. 1. Fig. 5. and by Mr. Lttid inGlou-
ceflerjhire, as appears by his Lithophylacium Brittanicnm.

I*

X

The Natural Hi (i or y oj Jamaicat

It is very ftrange that io much of this, which is only now naturally to be
found growing in hot Climates, fhould be met with in fuch plenty dug up
in other places of Europe and England, and that under the Surface ot the
arable Earth, in fuch plenty and manner, as if it had fometimes in former
{Ages naturally grown there, which mull have then been not only warmer,
but covered with Sea-water.

IX. Lalidis aftroitidis five (letter is (ccundim genus. Boet. de Boodt. lib. z.
tup 140. Cat.p. z. Lapis figftein aGermanis dicius, multas in corpo^e fuo veluti
ro fas, a natura piclas ojlendens. Gefn. de lap. Fig. p. 38. Afteria rofam refer ens.

Muf Swammerd. p. 6. Sea-Rofe.

It is found on the Shoals with the other Kinds of AJlroites.

X. Fungus tapideus major undulatus. Cat* p.z. Tab. 18. Fig- 5.

The upper part of this Fungus Lapideus, or Coral, was an Hemifphere, or
rather half of an Oval Figure, almoft as big as ones Fid, having on each
fide of it large ftrait cavities able to receive ones Finger, juft like the La-
pis Aftrcites Undulatus, made up of the Stria, after the manner of thole Stones,
only larger, underneath it was likewife ftriated, after the manner of the other
Fungi lapidei, each of the Stria coming from the fame Petiolus or fmall
Fcotflalk as from a Center, and running to the Circumference.

I found it on the Shore with the others of this Kind.

.v • L ic* ;j v' ' V»P-o ’ f'T.O • Z-' • ' • ' . ....

XI. Fungus lapideus minor. Cat. p. z. G B. pin. 3 7

This is frequently found on the Shores of this Ifland.

■ • r' ’ ' ' •; * : . i. . ' '>

. , * < * . . . % Jt . ■ ■ ■ - .

XII. Frutex marinus Elegantijfimus Clufii.. Cat.p. 3. Bafil. Bejler fafcic. Fru-
tex marinus major. Ejufd. ibid. Frutex marinus elegantijfimus Clufii purpurafeens,
fiavefeens, & cart ice fuo denudatus. Muf Swammerd. p. z t. An Corallina reti -
fornis, purpurea, ramofa navis tenuiffimis. Tlukenet. Almag. p. riB?

I can add very very little to Clufius his Defcription but only this, that
fometimes from the. middle or lateral Branches come fmallcr Fans, fo that
’tis nQt always plain, but has feveral other Branches or fmall Fans, rifing
out of both fides of it, which is taken notice of in one belonging to the

Royal. Society, by Dr.Grew. .

It frequently grows on the Rocks at. the bottom of the Sea, in all the hot

Weft- Indies, and fometimes on Shells, which together with them, not being
a firm Foundation, are thrown on all the Shores of this Ifland.

This, as I think, being clear’d by the Waves, Stones, and Rains, of its
ouward Coralline Cruft, which is fometimes Purple, and fometimes White,
makes quite a different Figure, and fo gave occafion to Clufius to make it a
different Plant* and from him Cafpar Bauhine.

Tis ufed to Fan the richer fort, to keep them cool while they eat or Sleep.
Hughes : or to keep away Gnats, Mufcato’s, or Merrywings.

... .

XIII. Corallina fruticofa hnmilior & craffior ramis quaquaverfum expanfis fuper-
fide tuberculosa. Cat. p. 3. An qeercus Marina Thwphr. Baf. Be ft. fafc> Co¬
rallina cinerea fuvberculis incruftaSa, ramis flexililus. Muf. Swammerd p. zz ?

The heigbth of this Coralline Shrub was about fix Inches from a folid
Foundation, about the bignefs of ones little Finger, being branched every
way to tapering ends like Corals. The Cruft was generally whitifh,
friable, having its Surface, rough, and was of the thicknefs of a Crown Piece ;
in the middle of which was a horny fubftance, blackifh and tough, as in
other, of thefe. Coralline Shrubs, the Icon of the than fa Marina Refdx fade

The Natural Hifiory of Jamaica.

cl“{- agfes pretty wal1 to this. I have fometimes thought that this may
perhaps be the following Coralline not grown to its due magnitude.

It grew in the Sea every where about this Ifland, whence it was thrown
tip by the Waves with other Recrements of the Sea.

XIV. Corallina fruticofa elatior, ramis quaquaverfum expanfis tertiibus. Cat.p. 2 .

22 Fig. 1, An Corallina pdcherrima, Corteniana , fen arbufcula marina Tab

coralloides, ramopjjma foliis ter et thus, ahrotani famine inftar verrucofis. Plukenet Ft?
Almag. p. 1 18 t Sea Feather. ’

This has a two or three Inch long diameter ’d broad woody Pedeftal
fprcad on any Stone or liable Body in the bottom of the Sea, from whence
rile Stalks about two, three, or four Foot high, tough, woody, as large as
ones Finger, round and divided into feveral fmall Twigs fpread on every
hand, of about three or four Inches long. All of them are incruftated with
a Coralline Matter, of a yellowilh. Purple, or whitifli Colour, having fbme
finall holes, or afperities in its Surface, and very often balani, or the co*
r allium album candicans adult erinum J. B. flicking to them. I fufpecft the Trunk
and branches of this, cleared of their Cruft, may fometimes pals f >r black
Coral, making fome of thofe kind of Plants called by Mr. Thcrnefort in his
El. Bot. L’tlophyta. J J

It grows on the Rocks at the bottom of the Sea, and from thence the
whole, or fome fide Branches, by the tumbling of the Sea are call afliore
where by the Waves Jtis either wholly clear’d of its incruftation looking
like a Shrub, without Leaves, or partly clear’d, looking yellowilh and
tailing very fait.

Tat. 22 . Fig. r. Shews this whole Plant contracted, or Iefs than the na¬
tural bignefs. Fig. z. A Branch of it to the natural bignefs, and Fig. 2. a
ImallTwig of that Branch.

XV. Corallina fruticofa, ramulis & cauliculis compreljis, quaquaverfum expands

purpureis elegant ijjimis. Cat.p. 4. Tab.zz. Fig. 4, ' .

This, which appeared to be only part of the Plant, had its inward Stalks
and Branches about a Foot high, being roundilh, blackiOi, lignofe, tough, fre¬
quently branch d, and covered with two Lamina, or Plates of a Coralline
fubftance, and moft elegant Purple Colour, though in fome places ’tis
whitifli, of a faltifli tail, and Sea or Filhy fmell, as others of this Kind • the
Plates or incruftation of this are about the thicknefs of a Sixpence,’ and
from the breadth of half an Inch it has at bottom, decreafe towards their
tops, and look fomewhat like to the Lead wherewith Glafiers join their
Pannels of Glafs one to another in making their Windows.

I found it thrown upon one of the Cay os off of Port Royal.

XVI. Corallina opunticdes, ramulis denfioribus, & foliis magis fimatis atque
corrugatis. Cap. p. 4. Tab. 20. Fig. 2. An Corallina fcutellaris alba, rofarii
snfiar perforata , Plukenet. Almag. p. 1 18? an Corallina & opuntia Ja-
maicenfis , cum orhiculis plurimis quaft pendulis per ficcitatem nirris Eiufd .

This feem’d to be in every thing the fame with the Scutellaria five opuntia
Manna, J.B. one Leaf growing out of another, after the manner of Opuntia ,
only the Branches were in this more numerous, and the Leaves on their
Convex or upper part more corrugated, and on their under part more con¬
cave or finuated, whereby it really differs from that of J B. The Leaves
were tied together by a Thread made of many Filaments collected together,
fomewhat like Thread made of Flax, and the Leavesywere harder and more
llony, breaking between the Teeth, and rafting Salt, fmelling likewife of the

Q. Sea.

5S

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

Sea. It is fometimes green or black ifn by Conferva froth/ or other fubftances
flicking to it.

This Coralline was very plentifully thrown on the Sea Banks everywhere
upon this Ifland.

Tab. 20 Fig, 2. Shews it both in its natural bignefs and magnify d.

> XVII. Corallim major, nervo crajfiori fuciformi, internodia breviora ne&ente.
Fut.p. 4* Fab. 20. Fig. 3* Cor allina fjlulofa Jamaicenfsi Candida cum interno -
diis brevijjimis & quafi filo trajcclis nofiratibus, White Bead Band firing dicta
Flukenet, Almag.p. n8.

This was very like our Englifb or Shop Coralline, only larger, and the
joints much fliorter, appearing fomething like old falhion’d Bandflrings, it
was longer likewife than it, and not fo brittle, faltilli and fmelling of the
Sea. It has a String as big as a coarfe Thread in its Center, of the fame
lubflance with the fitci , being of a yellowifh Colour, roundilh, fometimes
plain, fometimes curled. Properly fpeaking, thefe Corallines are rather
incruflations by a Coralline Matter, than any thing elfe, this being a
White Coralline, roundifh, with fhort Zones, like fmall Beads ftrung on
a nerve. °

It is thrown on the Banks of the Sea by the Palifadoes near Port-Royal.

Fab. lo. Fig.-y. Shews it in its natural bignefs, and magnifi’d.

XVIII. Cor allina nervo tenuiori, fragiliorique internodia longiora nettente.
Cat. p. 4. Fab. 20. Fig. 4.

This has a great many Stalks and Branches coming from the fame fpongy
Root, flicking to the Stones in the bottom of the Sea, they are of the
bignefs of Shop Coralline, and about two Inches long, fpread on every
hand, and made up of feveral long joints, being white, polite, brittle
faltifh, and fuelling of the Sea, different from our Shop Coralline, in that the
joints are much longer, and that it has within it a brittle Thread, on which
the joints are f rung like Beads.

It grows with the former.

In Fab. 20. Fig. 4. It is figured in its due bignefs, and magnifi’d.

XIX. Cor allin a minima capillacea. Cat. p. 4. Fab. 20. Fig. 5. An Corallina
fojflis capillaris. Laid, lithophyl. Brit. p. 7 >

This was the leaf! of ail the Corallines I here met with, it was about two
Inches long, having Branches and Twigs in very great plenty, being not
ordinarily jointed to appearance, for the moft partlmooth, very white, no big¬
ger than the Hair of ones Head, if fo big, {’moiling flrong of the Sea, and

crackling under ones Teeth, as the others of this Kind. Sometimes this is
jointed.

It was thrown up with the other Corallines on feveral Banks of the Sea
round this Ifland.

Fab. 20. Fig. 5. it is reprefented in its due bignefs, and magnifi’d.

XX. Fuchs marinus vefuulas habeas membranes ext antibus alat as. Cat. p.4. Fab .
20 Fig. 6. r ^

This has a dark coloured, tough, roundifii, crooked Stem, about nine
Inches high, having many crooked Twigs very thick fet, with Bladders full
of Ait The Bladders themfelves are roundilh, or rather Triangular, having
an extant foliaceous membrane at top incirciing it, and three other extant
aU underneath, making it look Triangular, or fomething of the fhape of
5 Pyranfidal, and of a dark brown Colour, or blackilh when

dry d like Glevv, fuelling flrong of the Sea, and rafting fait like other Fuel.

flefides

The Natural Hijlory of Jamaica.

be the SeeiT tounc* fma11 Pr°tuberancies over its Surface, fuppofed ro

MaIndSr0WS °n ^ R°CkS’ C°Vered Witl' tlie Sca’ 0,1 al1 che Coafis of £his

XXI. Lenticul* marina [erratic foli i s . Car. p. 4. Lob. olf. p. 6*3. Sag'S* <*

’ fr~ ?’ ?• 4°- Zargaffo Muf. Siummird. p. 13. Acinar*, tgrtfto
mar wo , ter tea [pecie. Imper. p. 64$. f

hlaS^n *c UnaJly abol1C f Foot lon§’ having tough, fmali, dark brown, or
oiackiiii Stalks, on which come feveral Inch and half, or two Inches long

Heaves being not over the eighth part of an Inch broad in the middle where
Droadelr, ferrated about the edges, being of a dark brown Colour like other

r np* 1Cn ,S many round air Bladders, coming out from the Stalk on
imall footftalks, like in magnitude, lhape, &c. to Lentils, which give it the
name. s

It grew on the Rocks about this Ifland, whence it is thrown upon the

lore, and carried with the Currents through the Gulf of Florida, ail
a ong the Coaft of North -America, in great abundance, where I gathered it,
and with it took up feveral fmali Crabs which were alive, and which ihall
be delcnbed hereafter, in their proper place.

Fernan Colon, in the life of his Father Chriftepher, /. 29. tells us that in the
year 1491- hi the firft Voyage for America, that they were very much
righted in meeting with this, which was fo thick as to’ retard their failing,
judging by it that they were not far from Rocks or Land, efpecially when
they found a live Crab ( Gambaro vivo, ill tranflated in Fnrchas a Gralhopper)
among it. fij 4. he farther fays that they met with this in the Bay of Santana in
iijpamola near the Land in Shallow Water, from whence they fuppofed what
they met with before, had been when ripe feparated and carried into the
ea. And f. 75. he relates that in their firft Voyage they found of it two
Hundred and fixty three Leagues Weft of Ferro, whence in their return they
conjedturd, while they fail’d amongft it, that they were not fo near that
illand as one hundred and fifty Leagues, though in their fecond Voyage, ibid .

/. 93. they found none of it four hundred Leagues Weft of Gomera. He lays

1’ J; ll°; ^iat ic was to be found between Cuba, Jamaica, and the W7eft
end of Fiifpaniola.

Oviedo s account of it is, that ’tis found in feveral places, and quantities

according to the Seafons, Winds, and Currents, even fometimes half way to
the Indies. J

Tbevet and de Lery mention, that in their Voyage from Brafile for the
Ipace of fifteen days, they met with fo much of this under the Tropic of
Cancer, that they were forc’d to cut their way through it, though on their be¬
ing apprehenfive of Shoals, and founding with their Lead, they had no
ground by fifty Fathoms Line. The like lays Acojla, adding that as they clear’d
the bundles of it from the Ship more rofe (as they fuppofed) from the hot-
tom of the Sea. Lwfchoten relates much the fame, and that he found it
oft the Cape N erd filands, forty Leagues from Land, from zo°. to 24° of
Latitude. Weljh in his Voyage obferv’d it off of Guinea, from 30° to 320.

orth Latitude. Olijfe under the Tropic of Cancer for one hundred Leagues.
Tayton^ from 220. 3'. North Latitude to 30°. Pyard de la Nil from u°.
to 30°. Fwton, that they judged it to be driven from the Cape Nerd
Ifiands, Jjy the Eaft Winds, of which opinion was Mandelflo, who faw it
from zo . to 240. Lat. one hundred and fifty Leagues off of Africa, though
he fays fome were of opinion it came from the IVefi-fndies. From all which
it is very likely that it may grow as well at Cape Nerd Ifiands, as in
the American Ocean and files, and that it is carried to Sea, and floats in it

by

6o

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

Tab 10.
%• 7-

Tab. 20.

&Z. 8-

^5 b/S People. ^ “
f,gThef ufafktSA in M*. t^yeate„ greedily by Goars,

and to be pickled with ^ ^ImaX^^

S^Sf^ptled * ***

carried it with him to Land, to ute there for the lame purpoies.

VVH T enticula marina foliis latis hrevibus [snath. Cat. f. 5.

«* ^£StS£

^aturTrldrd having Bladders like ir,

being very thin and eranfparent. n ,

It is frequently call on the Shores of this Ifland.

vvfll L enticula marina foliis latis breviffimifqae, Cat.p 5.

whence it is fbmetimes caft by the Waves on the Shore.

XXIV. Fucus fittkuUctus, feu cordless km famed*"*, odiedu longicn-

hrC‘ rS thif t broad, ftickfng to/oAncruftaring Stones in the bot¬
tom of thTsea. in which it grows.

Bafe. two or to TwigT of

ate round Imooth af J"”gu * f Silh, or yellowilh Colour, like
L S/SrS only the Stalks are flenderer,

mTUnrnLhenlr™te^°&on« uX' Ware” near the Bridge at Pafage

*°7d. ao. Fig. 7. Shews it in its natural bignefs and magmfi’d.

XXV. Fum fxmcuUcm, fi» cordloidts lot a faded*"* minor. Cat. }. 5.

”tMs ks fell very firmly to the Rocks and Stones covered with the

This fixes iraieii y, ri(cs many roundilh, crooked,

Sea;Wfmall ape ydlow Stalks, branched into Smaller, oralmoft ca-

Sv Twigs behl'g to aU not much over an Inch long tough, not crackling
pdlary awigs, oeing , foretimes a white Cruft over it, though for

the moft£part none! fmellinf ftrong of the Sea, and looking exadtiy like

d L/Wo Urn* f*»kd*c, *of J.B. only in ev^X§ Ifland whence it
It grew on the Rocks under the bea-water about this liland, whence

was verv often caft upon the Shore. ,

fab zo. Fig. 8- Shews it in its natural bignefs, and magmfi d.

XXVI. Fucm fanhdacm minims, made f many flnall

™Ta purp^Colour, Tound Hk^'diofe of /ennel, J obfetving the

to view its parts. j£

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica. 6 1

Shorclof tfoslfland am°ng^ C^e oclier Recrements of the Sea, along the

XXVII. Fuchs minimus dentkulatus triangularis. Cat p. c. Tab 20 Fi<? o

From a broad Bale or beginning rifes up a Stalk, woody, tough of a
yellow.lh purple Colour, almoft round, about two or three Inches high di-
™f.d ln“ y Branches, which are for the moft pare crafted over with
a White Coralline lubltance, and have many deep incifures, fmall Teeth or
harmleis Prickles, in three rows along its edges, being for the mod part
Tmngniar, Smelling very much of the Sea, and not crackling under the

It is frequently call up on all the Shores of this Ifland.

In Tab. zo. Fig. 9. It is reprefented in its due bignefs, and magnifi’d.

XXVIII. Fucks marinus coralloides minor fuhgofus albidus teres fegmentis in
jummit ate plants. Cat. p.y. Tab. 20. Fig. 10. An cor allin a fifiulofa Jlexilis feu
cor alii na geniculata mollis Americana fegmentis latis dr ccmprcjfis. Pluken Tab
168. Fig. 4 ? Almag. p. 118 l

From the fame beginning rife two or three round Stalks, about an Inch
and a half high, being bigger than thofe of Shop Coralline, white, fun¬
gous, not crackling under the Teeth, divided into feveral Branches and Twigs
on every hand they being at top flat or plain, and very thin, of a white
Colour, and differing from thofe underneath, which are roundife, all of
them fmelling of the Sea.

It is thrown up by the Waves on the Banks of the Sea in feveral places.

XXIX. Alga anguflifolia vitrariorum. C. B. pin. p. 364. Cat. p. y.

I found this fort of Grafs with its Roots growing in the oazy Grounds
in the bottom of the Sea, off of Point Pelican near Port Royal ; and I am apt
to believe that growing there the fame with ours in England, to be different,
viZ' much broader than that about Montpelier and Venice, deferib’d by J B
and both of them from a third fort of it I found here, which was much
narrower than any of thefe Kinds, and is frequently thrown up on the Shores
of the Ifland with the other Excrements of the Sea, which therefore may
be call’d J

alt

XXX. Alga marina graminea angufliffimo folio.

Cuihions fluft with this are thought, by feme, good for hydropick and
jjouty People. Cafalp. r

It is ufed to fluff Beds, to wrap Glaffes in, and to make Hay. Lugd.

Mats made of it, or otherwife ufed in bedding it deflroys Buggs which
is by its fmell Lacuna. b5 '

XXXI. Alga Juncea five juncus marinus radice alba geniculata. Cat. p. 5.
Tab. zz. Fig. 5. Manati Grafs. Corallina aut potius alga nodofa, vitriariorum
nmula fegmentis tuhulofis, the Manktee Grafs, Jamacenfibus died a. Pluken. Alma? .

p. 1 19. “

This feemed to be a fort of Rufli growing at the bottom of the Sea. It
had a jointed round Root, whitifh without, andfending out at joints feveral
hairy, white Filaments to draw its Nourifhment. From thencejlprang feveral
Foot long, round, green Rufhes, not fo big as a Hens Quill, when wet be¬
ing round and hard, but when dry fhrivelied and black.

Twas very plentifully floating along the Coafl of the Ifland by Point
Pedro, and is thought, with the foregoing Alga, to be the Food of the Fife
Manati.

R

XXXII. Fuchs

*1

I

s

6 2

The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica.

XXXII. Fucus maritimus gallo pavonis pennas referens . C. B. prod, p.155.
Cat.p. 5.

This grows flicking to the Stones in the bottom of the Sea, whence it is
thrown on Shore in feverai places about P ort Royal ; and of it there is a va¬
riety, with thicker and whiter Leaves, which is nothing but an incruftatioa
of a Coralline white Matter over it.

XXXIII. Alga lat if olio, prima five mufcus marinas lacluc£ folio. C. B. pin.
p. 364. Cat. p. 5". Lichen Marinas Platy phyllos . Fluke net. Aim. p. zi6. Fucus
marinas h chics folto. Bob. hifl. Ox. part. 3. p. 645'. Fucus laciucs folio.
Tournefort el. hot. p. 443. Inf. p. 568. Oyfter green.

This is commonly thrown up on all the Shores of this Ifland.

It is adftringent and drying, hindering all Fluxions, as Gout, &c. Csfalp.

Matth.

The Bryon Thalaffion, of Theophrafus and Pliny, is called in Northumber¬
land Slanke, which in Lent the Poor People Seeth, and that with Leeks
and Onions : they put it in a Pot, and fmorc it as they call it, and then
it looketh black, and then put they Onions to it, and eat it. Turner.

XXXIV. Pila marina fuhrotunda , comprejfa, mollis. Cat. p. 6. Tab. 23.
Fig. 1.

This was very foft, roundilli, comprefs’d* of an Inch and an hall Diame¬
ter, white, woolly, and made up of innumerable Ihort white Filaments, in-
terwoven one within another, flicking to a Fucus f&niculaceus. It was fome-
thing like the Alga pomum Monfpelienjium, J. B. only not fo round, being
comprefled, and more foft. Perhaps it may ‘be a Ball voided out of the
Stomach of fome Fiili.

I found it on the Shore in feverai places, where it had been thrown up by
the Waves of the Sea.

.. •’ . ift’ivj' • , \ ■ a : r* n •• • . r-r.j ncuj . Uscsc.! trauat .. v?

XXXV. Spongia globofa Imperat. p. 365“. C. B. pin. p. 368. J. B. tom .3.
lib. 39. p. 8 1 6. Cat.p. 6.

This in its inward texture was exactly like a Sponge, when preft yield ing^
and when not prefl, by its elaflicity, gaining again its former Dimenfions,
being roundilli oblong, not fo big as ones lift, and having many round
holes or cavities, as large as a-Goofe Quill, in its body, and on its top, where
were feverai extant blunt ends flanding up, making its Surface uneven,
being fomewhat harder than the ordinary Sponge, and not fo fit for ufe:.
fuelling very much of the Sea, like others of this Kind.

It is frequently thrown upon the Sea-Banks by the Waves.

XXXVI. Spongia dura feu fpuria major , alba, fflulofa, filris crajjloribus.
Cat. p. 6. Tab. 13. Fig. z.

This was five Inches long, near as big as ones Arm or Wrift, being hollow
within, fomething fiat and comprefs'd being made up ©f Filaments, much like
the former, only they are much flronger more lignofe or woody, and of a
paler Colour, with larger holes in it, but whither it be a variety of that, or
a 'differing Plant, I cannot tell, but am inclinable to think that ’tis quire
differing.

It was thrown up by the Sea Waves on its Shores in feverai places.

XXXVII, Spongia dura feu fpuria maxima ramofa fflulofa. Cat. p. 6. Tab .
24. Fig. 1. An Srongia Americana capitata & dignitata. Plum. Teurnef. Inf.
p. 576 ? An rarijfmtm fpongia genus. Raii hif, app. p. 1850 ? Spongia novi orbis

textura

The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica. 6 3

textura lax a cincinnata, cyiindri ca-vi figura, lignicuU cimmriafcens. Plukenet.
Aim p. 356 ? Phyt. tab. 312. fig. 3 ?

From a Foot Diameter ’d, large, broad, round i(h Root, fpread over the
Corals or Stones, in the bottom of the Sea, rile many Foot and a half
long, hollow, round, tubulous, blackidi Bodies or Pipes, each whereof is
about an Inch Diameter, the hollow or cavity in its middle being half an
Inch over. The other or fibrous part round fo is made up of many drong
Filaments or Fibers, interwoven one within another , having fometimes
large vacuities between. Tfoefc Fibers are of a yellowifh Colour, and
have a mucilaginous blackifh coloured fifhy Matter lying between them,
of which when clear’d, their reticulated contexture looks very pleafantly.
The hollow in the middle has ufually in it that kind of loule or cru¬
ft a ceous Animal, flicking to the Gills of Fifh in thef-e Seas, and between
them very often, the fmall Stella marina minor radiis echinatis of which
more hereafter.

This is frequent on the Shoals off of Point Pelican near the Coral Rocks,
growing in (bmewhat deeper Water, &c. from whence pieces of it are fre¬
quently cad alhore.

There is great variety in this, being very often much Prger, and fome¬
times (mailer than that here deferibed. Very often parts, either of the Root
or Branches, are driven alhore, and there, according to the time they have
lain, put on feveral Faces and Colours, by the walking away of its mucila¬
ginous Body. They fometimes are branched, and at other times appear
in various fhapes like Gloves or Harts Horns, from whence Clufm-s gives
the fame feveral -names, and from him Cafpar Bxtthmt was led into the fame
,ar©r„ ■ ;

XXXVIII. Spongia Aura feu fpnria ram fa aliiffma. Cat. f. 7. Tab. 23. Fig.
3, An Spongia Americana hngijfima funimlo jm'dA' Plum Tour n fort. Inji.
f. 576 ? . V ’ ' ’ J S ' j ’ .

This appeared to be much the fame with the former, only it was fmaller,
higher, more branched, harder and not hollow, ending in a point, rheout-
ward fide having very often in fome places on it a deny or woody yellowifli
Matter.

ft is to be found among!! the Coral Rocks with the former.

■ . A ' ' • V\ . .f \ u-.i ■ l ■ ■ ■

XXXIX. Spongia dura fcu fpuria, fuperficie apicibus acutis extantibus afpera ,
intus caver nofa. Cat p.y. Tab. 2 3 . Fig. 4.

This came very near the texture of Sponges, being harder then they, fome¬
times as large as ones Fid, for the mod part flat, broad, and com prefled, having
within it feveral cavities, larger than to be able to receive ones Thumb,
round ifli, and of feveral Figures, be (ides innumerable fmaller round holes,
through every part of it, the Colour of it was whiter than that of Sponge,
and on its Surface were feveral fharp pointed afperiries larger than Pins
Heads danding on it, of the fame Colour and Subdance as its felf, and not
hollow.

It is frequently cad up on the Shore, with other Excrements of the
Sea.

.HinO

XL. Spongia minor & mollior medulla panis frnilh , fibris tenuijjimis. Cat „
J>. 7. Tab. 23. Fig. 5.

This in its texture came near that of a Sponge, only it was much finer
and lighter, being roundilh and branched, not fo big as ones Finger, being
fmaller in fome places, and larger in others, where were Tubercles, with

round

1

The Natural Hi (lory of Jamaica,

round holes or cavities in them, the colour was like that of a Sponge, and
the Fibers much finer than thofe of any of this kind.

It was cafl up on the Banks of the Sea by the Waves, fometimes, though
not very frequently.

XU Pik marina velut ex ampullis conflans ad Spurn# fmilittidinem. C. B.
pin. 368. Cat. p. 7. Vefcaria marina in pilam conglomerata ex of rearum tefiis.
Plukenet. Aim. p. 385.

This is frequently cafl upon the Banks of die Sea by the Waves, beyond
the Palifadoes near Port Royal, &c.

XLII. Veficaria marina non ramofa, ex ampullis majcribus, paucioribus, ft mat is,
auricula inftar conflans, cujus fuperfcies, favi inflar not ant ur. Cat. p. 7. Tab. zq.
Fig. %.

There were only two or three of thefe Bladders joined together, they were
finuous here and there, with cavities, and look’d fomething like an Ear; and
were marked on the Surfaces like Honey Combs, each of them being as
big as twenty of the ordinary Bladders of Veficaria marim non ramofa.

it was cafl upon the Shore with the other.

XLIII. Veficaria marina non ramofa, e veficulis infundibuli forma , memlrana urn-
dulata ext ante coronatis con fans. Cat. p. 7. Tab. zq. Fig. 3.

There was an oblong String or Ligament, which feemed to fatten this to
feme folid Body at the bottom of the Sea, from it arofe a great many Py¬
ramidal Bladders, like to fo many Funnels, beginning narrow, and increafing
from the point at bottom for about three quarters of an Inch to the top,
where was an undulated Crown or ledge furrounding the top. Thefe Blad¬
ders were dark Yellow, likeGlew or Parchment, feme of them had inclofed
a fmall buccinum , and others a hole, out of which I fuppofe it had crept, fetch
Bladders being often found empty. The whole was very elegant, and
doubtlefs the ova of feme buccinum.

It was thrown up with the former about the month of December , on the
great Sea fide, beyond Port Royal near the Palifadoes.

Thefe three laft recited Subfiances, are, without queflion, nothing elfe
but the Membranes, or Shells of the Eggs or Spawn of Fifties, though they
have been reckoned Plants by the greateft number of Naturalifls.

\

The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica.

C H

A P. If.

Of Mufhromes , Moffes , &c.

'y'st'iati' a-tf..

ther poifonous, and as manv nf r ^ ecnt)ie’ the o-

Of the Roots of them : my WervationT 'n “T'f8 out of tl,e e”ds
ther than what eafily appeared of them without ,>r0CCC^ n0 fat-
tiny. I took the three firft to be Eurct>,a«< „ T? y very fttt<2 Sent-
fo likewife. Europeans, and I am apt to think the fourth

divided imofhofe on TrIes!Tnd§thofe on ‘the'e ^''“1°"’ ^ had beft b«
again be fubdivided into thofewith broad Leaves ^ailf’i e/c !of wbid> may
with narrow Jong Leaves. I think ,> a ?’ 3 , Ltc%enes> and thofe
them do propagate them (elves bv ? ou^t’( tflac if not all, of

of them have itS tholh fo fmah S ’ PIain to the that many

which doubdefe, with Wind maV be” *■ da^ r° awaY hke Smoak,
tops of Houfes. Tfos may fcT IT, ^ and PIanted ™ the

only common to Jamaica and Europe but evenfo^T thlS kmd are not
in Peru, and the Streights of 'Mare Han - °P them are to be found

the Jefuits Bark, and by Mr Garre Handifh brouSht thence upon
of Plant growing on Walls is with fnmft pLS P}ain^y appear. This kind
is tranflated Hylp i„ Z §b b Ie where if™ t0*be diac which

l. Fungi Math. p. 776, <jrc. Cat.p. 8.

They grow in the Savannas after Rain. 1

Oi.ii ,

\BFtmgi alhi venemti vifeidi, J. B tm.3.M4 o. p 815 Cat » R

h^ura

the Urhiefltfin^Coltk'^op the^rKr1es^ebrineSTma^hi'^a^e “j *«* ft°P

»us,c. B. Car. f. i! As’drkm ZtXTrmt 44u1$.

thhjvith ttat rfXrfoteaa!vTZ ? f bfS mPd- n ^agKcd in ev *7
it to be the fame. A loe“aiy, that 1 obterved no difference, but took

velLsFT,S.Tt tZl[7TUS’eXfid: la,m’ 'e ***» ^rutupre.

Tourntfin Inft.p ,i,? '*»* apicihus Midi,

l Kings

4- 3?

s

This

[

66 The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

This Fungus was about an Inch long, coming out from the ends of the
final! Roots of Trees, it begins very narrow, growing in breadth to its end,
where it is flat, ramofe, or deeply cut, and jagged and curled, or corrugated,
of a yellowifh white colour.

I found it in a Gully, where it grew out of the ends of the Twigs of
the Roots of the greater Trees, appearing out of the Earth, after being wetted
with Rain.

V. Mufcus arboreus ramofus , J. B. tom . 3. lib . 37. p. 76 4. Cat. p. 9. Lichen
cinereus latifolius ramofus, Tournefort. el. hot. p. 438. Infl. p. 550. Mufco fun¬
gus arboreus capital is r oft rat is. Bob. hifl. Ox. part. 3. p. 6 34-

It is common on all Trees in Jamaica, efpecially when decaying.

It is in England eaten by wild Mice.

It is ufed by Perfumers. Imp.

VI. Mufcus arboreus 3. feu cum orliculis, C. B. pin. p. 361. Cat. p 9. Mufco¬
fungus arbor urn angufiior peltatus & fcutellatus . Bob. hift. Ox. part. 3. p. 6 34.

An Mufcofungus arborum capillaceus fcutis amplis per ambitum pilis radiates Ejuf
/>. 635? Lichen cinereus vulgaris capillaceo folio minor. Tournef. el. hot. p. 435.
Injt.f. 550.

I found this Mofs on the Twigs and Branches of old Trees, in feveral

places of this Ifland, efpecially towards the North parts. C. B. made this

the fame with the precedent. J, B.

VII. Mufcus tenuis & capillaceus cintrei colons e ramis ilicis dependens, Cluf.
rar. plant, bift.p.z]. Cat.p.y. An Mufcus arboreus aurantiacus flaminibus tenuifft-
mis ex infulis Fortunatis ? Plukenet. Phyt. Tab. 309. Figt. Alm.p.z J4. Mufcus
Cinereus e ramis arborum dependens, Canarienfis, ex Staminibus CraJJioribus geni-
culatis, intenuiffima & kngijfmafila ramulofus. Ejufd. ibid ? Idem colore viridt.
Ejufd. ibid ? Long Mofs with which the Trees of the Ifland Plata were
much overgrown. Of D ampler Cap. 6. Mufcus albus & incanus e ramis abie •
t is dependens. Bromel. p. 68. Mufcofungus arborum nodcfus five geniculatus. Bob.
hi ft. Ox. part.], p.6 34. An Mufcofungus arboreus Canarienfis ex flaminibus Craflio -
ribus geniculatis intenuiffima & longifftma fila ramulofus Ejufd. ib. p>6]$ ? Muf¬
cofungus arboreus vulgaris comofus Cinereus. Ejufd. ib. Mufcofungus arboreus Cana¬
rienfis capillaceus aurentiacus. Ejufd. ib?

. I found this hanging down from the Branches of old Trees in the North
fide of this Ifland.

It is not the Lufcus, &c. p. z. Am. Fig. 39. of Thecd. de Bry, for that, in
my opinion, is the Vifcum Caryophilloides tenuifftmum e ramulis arborum Mufci
in modern dependens foliis pruina inftar candic antibus, &c. To be defcribed
hereafter.

This is made ufo of by Perfumers for their Powders. Cecfalp.

The Vertues afcribed to this are many, as that it is Adftringent, flops
Bleeding, and with Oil of Rofes Cures the Headach, comforts the Stomach,
reftores loft Appetite, fweetens the Breath : the infufion in Wine caufes Sleep,
flops Fluxes and Vomiting, &c.

The colours and largenefs, of fome of the varieties of this, are taken
notice of by C. B. p. 361. Unus tenuior, Craftier alter, brevior, alius pro¬
lix ior ; omnes candefcentes, pauci rutilantes, quan deque nigri , where ’tis plain
fome of the Kinds abovementioned are taken as varieties by him.

I have received of this from Mr. Charleton, who had it from the Eaft-
Indies, by the name of Moxa, and in it were to be feen Heads or Cups,
fuch as are fuppofed to contain the Seeds of this and other Kinds.

VIII. Muf

The Natural HiJIory of Jamaica. 67

ynr. mfcii arbortas fiftimsfeoe pulmonarhs, C B. pin p. ,6ii Cat P ,n
Mtfcofungus arbonut Platjphplhti ramofis i viridi fufcns. Bob. part. 3. hi/. Ox.

It grows in the Woods on the large Trees
or Bc'aftgll.f0r m°ftDlfeafes of che UmSs- S1™ >" Powder either to Mari

Dol 'S C°ld’ Dfy’ Ac,flrinSent' and ftoPs all Fluxes in Women. Math.

IX. Milfoil crujhe ant licbenis modo arboribus adnafctns cimnus. Raii hift
/.xi6. Cat. p. 10. Mufcofnngut Lichenoides minor Cintron vnlgatlffimus. Bob.
hijt. Ox. part. 3. p 6 34. Mufcus aridus cruftatus. Park. p. 1312.

It grows on old decaying Twigs, or Trees in the Woods, very frequently.

X. Mufcus cruft* mo do arboribus adnafeens flavus, Raii hift.p. 116 Cat p 10

Mfjcofungus Lichenoides minor vulgatiffimus flavus. Rob. hifl.Ox. part. 2.p6ia
Mufcus Crtiftaceus bratledlatus flavus. D. Pet. r j r

It grows on the old decaying Twigs of Trees in the Woods, very frequently.

XI. Mnfms arboreal minor cavus cornimlatm albidas. Cat. p. io. Mufcofnma,

montanus Corniculatus. Bob. bi/i. Oxt parti ). p.6]l. >' £

This was near an Inch high, white, hollow, tapering, and very often di.
vtded into two Branches ibmething like a Stags Horn, laving at the bottom
many fmall very deeply divided Leaves, fomewhat like the Mufcus crufla aut
Itcbems modo arboribus adnafeens cinereus, Raii , flicking to the fides of fallen

lolUwi*

I found it in a Wood between Mountain River, and Colonel Copes Plan¬
tation, growing out of a rotting Tree, lying crofs the Path

I have found one much like this in England, in New-Hall Park, growing
out of Timber, only much fmaller, and more dark in Colour. C. B. con¬
founds this with fibre fax. atilis Trag. J. B.

XI L Lenticula paluftris, Trag. p. 689. Cat.p. 10. Ducks-Meat

Tis very common on all Handing ^Waters in Jamaica. And "in Java
Bontius tells us. J a

It is accounted Cold and Moift in the fecond Degree, and reckoned good
in all outward hot Swellings, or Difeafesof the Skin, it flops all Fluxes of
Blood from Cold, and is good againft all Inflammations and Ruptures Dord
The Water is good againft inflam'd Livers, Lon. viz. Cloaths being dip’d in it
and applied. It is good in the Gout applied. In Inundations it takes Root
and comes to be not unlike fifjmbrium aquaticum. Dal.

It is eaten greedily by Ducks and Hens, mix’d with Bran. J. R.

XIII. Lenticula paluftris quart a five quadri folia, C. B. pin.p. i6x. Cat p rr
This is common in all clayie, lhallow. Handing Waters in Jamaica.

• Turn five alga Capillacco folio I. vel alga viridis Capillaceo folio, C. B,

pin.p .364. Cat.p. ir. J

flow ^ C° ^ ^ounc^ *n Handing Waters, or places where Rivers ryu

Pliny, and many Natural HiHorians, fay that ’tis a Sovereign and perfect
Remedy againH broken Bones. ^

1

XV. Maf

68

The Natural Hi (lory of Jamaica,

XV. Muhes terrefiris repens ejusrtus, five Mssfctts filled mejer, CB, fill.
z' n f-h to Tub j F/f. i- a a a a a.

* ■ t °s totPfound in the lhady Woods of Jamaica.

VVt Mufctss terrefiris repens feptimes, five mufcus demauletus major C. B.

MufiJ Ameriums .denticeUnts mr.or. Toemcf. Infi.

?■ S56- tzmrifnliv on the {hady Hills near the Banks of the Rid)

couid not fec any difference-

Cit& the free Roots in the Woods.

XVUI. Mufius terrefiris repens minor, rmuliseirce extremities coglmere-

usfcliis thing the fame with the Mufcus terrefiris

This appear d to he m y s q njy t\ic Stalks were much

\smlgeris ^TJdhtsThJmg no ’Branches or Twigs ’till towards their
Wronger and and larger, n & , r r t0fTether the Twigs being red-

diflt ’and'the LTveHLSlyV thole of that of England, only fomewhat

Tgnrew°nthe inland tody Woodsby the Roots of the Trees.

r n . 0r ramulis circa tat r imitates conglomratis ,

jStJRSb VOTJL. — *» '■ -

"lii. ha. many

larger than 'breads, aeepng , ^ ^ conglomerated, of about half an

f T |many HI"hgare fet with alilioft indifcernible pale green Leaves, very
Inch long, which are let Leaves covering the

S li&r£?«2^Ha. y«',V«„. . tas H«,a,

with in barren Grounds.

„ . • foliis mult is dr minimis feri-

vv A/«/br terrefiris minor repens, cujus ramun jvw ^ j

r;«, maku’^'11™1 former This differs from the M>fnt rupefiris Virgime-

Dr .mens, in his

f. 1$. doubts whither it be the fame with this or not.

XXI. Aditntum fen poljtricfam iwretim medium, cepilnle ft optic pedicel ./■
dente. Cat.?* I2,» Tah.iT Fig. 4*

This

s

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica,

7 TIlis is in Stalks, Leaves, Beighth, &c. exadly like die Adiantum feu Fe-
Ip n chum annum medium, Mil But infteacl of having irs Flower or Bead at
top of its Stalk, it has a reddifh Foot Stalk, as long as its Stalk, rifing from
the Root without any Leaves, on which grow the Heads which I liippole are
the fame with the others of this Kind, for the Heads were fallen off when
i gathered the Plant.

I found it in the mountainous! inland Woods of this Ifland, as Mount
Diablo, &c.

XXII. Adi ant um annum medium ramofum . Tab. zq. Fig. q.

This had a Stalk about five Inches long, of die fk me colour, thicknefs,
and fubftance with thole of this Kind, which towards the top was branched
into eight or nine Branches, about three quarters of an Inch long, each of
which had capillary Leaves, and Heads juft like the others of this Kind.

I had it from Mr. Geo. Handifyd, who brought it from the Magellan Streights.

It was figured here through inadvertency.

XXIII. Polytrichum annum tertium feu minus, C.B. pin.p. 716. Cat. p. 12.

Little Goldilocks, or golden Maidenhair.

The Decodion of this Plant Cures baldnefs, Ex perforates tough Humours,
is Diuretick, and good for whatever Maidenhair is proper, dilcufiing Stru¬
ms, &c. Fuchs. 1 4 0

It is ufed in magical Arta for a Philtre, &c. TragMc.

It expels wonderfully the Stone, and is ufed againft Witchcraft, &c.
Schwenckfeldt.

The Nail of the Toe of the right Foot being anointed with the Juice of
this Plant, is Paid to put away the Catarad of the left Ey^, and Vice
verfa, HM. This ferns to have been an abufe put on the Authors of t lip Book, who
did not difeover it, perhaps more fuch inadvertencies may be therein.

XXIV. Mu feus fax at ilis v el lichen x. petrous lati folios five Hepatic a font ana )
C. B. pin. p. 3<Sz. Cat. p. 13. Common Ground Liverwort.

5Tis very common on the fhady moift Brinks of all Rivers in this Ifland.

It is good againft the Inflammations of the Liver, hot and fliarp Agues,
and Tertians coming from Choler. Ger.

And againft all Obftrudions of Liver and Spleen. Dorsl.

The Powder of the Plant with Sugar, is uled for ail the abovemention d
Difeafes. Lon-

This is the Lichen of Diofcorides, Galen and the Greeks, and whatever
Vertues are attributed to this Hepatic a by Serapio and others, are Paid to be¬
long by Diofcorides to Lichen, as applied by way of Cataplafm to ftop the
Hemorrhoids, Inflammations, and . Ring-Worm, and outwardly ufed with
Honey to Cure the Jaundice, or ill colour of the Skin ; therefore it cannot
be called Hepatica according to the Opinions of the Ancients. Fuchf.

It Cures the Jaundice, if the Decodion be taken to the quantity of a
Quart; it Purges gently aduft and tough Humours, and being many days
repeated, I have feen many cured by it of the Maligna Scabies & Ulcer a ex -
edentia, but the Decodion muft be frefh every day with Whey. Cxfalp.

It flops Blood. Diofcorid. and is good againft Burns. Turn. The Powder of
it taken with Sugar remedies the Difeafes of the Liver and Lungs. Trag.

XXV. Equifetum 13. five feetidum fub aqua repens. C. B. pin. p. 16. Cat .
p. 13. Stinking Water Horfe Tail.

This grows in moft Rivers through die Ifland.

It is ufed for cleanflng Houfhold Goods, J. B .

T XXVJ. Eq*n

■kmmMw

7 o Xitf Natural Hi ft or) of Jamaica.

XXVI. Equifetum majus aquaticum. J B. tom 3 . lib. 3 6. p. 7x9. Gif. p. 21 y.
This was found in the Marflies of Jamaica by James Harlow, who brought
it from thence. Dr. Sherard communicated it to me.

Chap. III.

Of Ferns or Capillary (Plants .

THE Tribe of Ferns in Jamaica are very numerous, and ftrakge
in their manner of growth. Many of them are Scandent, more
than one white on the Back ; fome have Truncs like other
Herbs or Trees, and fome perfedl Stalks. But whatever they
are, they fhaib by me be ranged as thofe of Europe are by
Mr. Ray, according to the divifion of their Leaves : and whereas it is com¬
monly held that no Fern, has, properly fpeaking, a CatiUs or Stalk, yet it Will
hereafter plainly appear they have. To avoid a great deal of trouble in the
difpofition of them, I fhall confider the Stalks of thofe climbing Ferns only as
Roots. The divifions of the Leaf its felf arifing from fuch Stalk fliall deter¬
mine its place without having regard to this Stalk, which ought otherwife to be
firft taken notice of in the divifion. Without doubt all hereafter named
Ferns are fuch .• only there arc fix I call Phyllitidi Scandenti Affines , which I
am not fure are Ferns, and therefore not having feen their Seeds, I give
them this, till a better place is found. The name Trithcrndties fliall fig-
nifie with me the fecond divided Fern with broad final 1 Leaves, and the
word Lonchitis thofe with longer, though they agree not in every particu¬
lar with the Europeans. The general divifions are, firft, thofe with undi¬
vided Leaves Secondly, Thofe with once divided into Pinna only, then into
thofe with the middle Rib, a Twig or Sustains, and On it PinnuU, which I call
Filices non Ramofte : and the third is the ramofe Kind. Many of thefe Ferns
are indented about the edge when young, and afterwards are pttam with a
ferrugineous Welt on the outfide, and fometimes they are finuated ; many
other Varieties there are, appearing really differing Plants, which may be
cafily tfound out by any, who confiders their feveral deferiptions.

It is no great wonder that in fo great a number of new and ft range Fcriis
as are mentioned in my Catalogue, and deferibed hereafter, I was put to it
to find words, to deferibe fome of them. I think the terms I have made ufe
of are very plain, though Dr. Plukemt is pleafed in his Mantijfa p 83. to
find fault with one of them, viz. Sttrculus, and to recommend in ks
place Ala. I continue to think that Word more proper than the other, for
kis taken by the bed, and even pureft Writers, for the Germen Annotinum,
or yearly Sprout or Twig, to which are contiguous the Leaves of Trees.
Now if any Word can be fitter to fignifie the laft divifion of the Stalk of
a Fern, to which the PinnuU or leaves are faften’d, I leave any body to
judge. The Word Ala is ufed by the beft Herbarifts in many, and
very incertain ftgnifications, and even when it is applied to the wings or
Leaves of Ferns, is fomtimes taken for the Pinna, or Leaves themfeives,
fometimes for what I call the Twig or Stir, cuius , and fometimes for the
whole Ramulus or Branch, fo that it would have been very confounding,
and not have explained fufficiently my meaning. ThefeWords are fo often
ufed here, and the Cuts of the Ferns, either figured el fe where, or in this

Book

The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica. 7 1

Book, make my acceptance of them fo plain, that there can be no doubt
about them. As, to the Etymology of the Word Sur cuius, its Definition
from Feftns, &c, I take them not to be material Arguments, and could
prove my Senfe of it to agree very well with what he and the belt Authors
lay, were it needful to infill on this matter.

AH thefe forts of Ferns, 110 quedion, may be made ufe of for the fame
purpofes, as thofe of the fame Kinds in Europe,

L Lunar id elatior Adi anti albi folio duplici fpica. Cat. p. 14. Ofmunda Ameri¬
cana filicuU folio fournefort. El. hot. p 437. Ofmunda filicuU folio major. Ejufd.
drift, p. 5 4 7. An fill x fax at i l is rut# murarin foliis Americana feu adianthum
album folio filicis ex infula Jamaicenfi. Plukenet. Aim. p. 150?

’ This is fometimes about a Foot, but moflly fix or feven Inches high,
having a very Bender green Stalk, at coming firfl out of the Earth, being
of a dark colour. At about four Inches from the Ground, out of one fide
of the Stalk goes one Branch, to which are alternatively fet on Twigs, which
have feveral broad irregularly figur’d round ifh PinnuU, fometimes deep cut, at
other times a little indented on the edges, being of a pale green colour, like to
adiantum album , and having many Furrows appearing radiated. Out of the Ala
or bofom of this Branch rife two round, fmall, green, two Inches long Stalks,
towards the tops of which are feveral fmall Bunches of firfl green, afterwards
ferrugineous Dull, like to that of Lunaria , Ofmunda Reg alls, or the other
Ferns. The Root is like that of Polypodium, and is covered with a blackilli
Hair, having feveral Fibrils like the Roots of other Ferns.

It grew on a Rock by the Banks of Rio-Cobre. below the Tow*,, on the
fame fide of the River.

This Plant is perfectly differing in all its parts from the Filix non ramofa
pinnulis crebris obtufis crenatis. Cat. p. 'Ll. As one may eafily fee by comparing
their Defcriptions ahd Figures, fo that one would1 wonder how1 Dr. Plukenet
came to doubt whither they were the Fame in his Mantiffa, p. 78.

If. Lunaria elatior ntatricaria folio fpica duplici Cat. p. 14. fab. 25. Fig. 6.
Lunaria racemofa cicutaria foliis Jamaicana. Plukenet. Aim. p. 208.

^ This is much higher than the former, rifing a Foot or more from the
Ground. In its higher Spikes, which are double, it exactly agrees with the
former, only the Leaves or PinnuU, are longer, narrower, not quite cut in to
the middle Rib or Twig, and of a paler green colour, fomething in their
Divifions, like the Leaves of Matricaria.

It grew with the former. 1

III. Phyllitis non fimiata minor apice felii' radices agent e. Cat.p. 14. fab. 2.6.
Fig. I Filicifolia phyllitis parva faxatilis Virginiana per fummitates foliorum
radicofa breviore & latiore folio, Pltikenit. Aim. p. iff.

This has a fmall, fcaly black Ro6t, with many long Fibers drawing its
Nourilhment, of a dark brown colour. The Leaves are many, rifing from the
fame Root, of a different magnitude, having no Foot-Stalks, the larged be¬
ing two Inches and a half long, and about half an Inch broad near the mid¬
dle where broaded, increaiing from the Root thither, and thence decreafmg,
growing very narrow, and ending in a point. This point bows down its
ielf to the Ground, drikes Fibers, takes Root, and fends out rounder
Leaves, in time grooving longer, and with their ends taking Root, and fo
propagating its felf. The Seed lies in round fpots on the back of the Leaf
of each fide of the middle Rib.

‘ ' Ic

The Natural Pliflory of Jamaica.

It grew in a thick, very high, and ihady W ood, at the bottom of Mount
Diablo, beyond the Maggoty Savanna;

It differs from Ut.Bamfie/s Phyllitis [axatihs Vtrgtmana per Jummitates jo-
iiorum prolifer*, Which is finuated at Bale, and has a Foot-Stalk.

IV. Fhyllitis arboribus innafcens , folio non finuato tenuiori rotundis pulverulen-
its maculis aver fa parte pun&ato. Cat. p. 14, Lingua cervtna longts angups&

undulatis foliis. Tournef. Infl.p. 545.

This has a long knobbed Root, having fattened to it feveral Scales, or

remains of Leaves dropt of, and a great many reddifh brown Fibers, in¬
terwoven one within another, having a three Inches long green Foot-Stalk.
The Leaf is nine Inches long, two broad in the middle, where broad elt,
not falcated or finuated at beginning like European Harts-Tongue, but very
narrow, and ending in a lharp, or fometimes blunt point, being very
green, thin, and Alining, and having on its backfide feveral round terrugi-

neous fpots in which lie the Seeds. . „ . fl - \n-erw

It grows moftly on the Truncs of great, chiefly old, Trees, as Mifldtoe,

and is to be found on ttich Trees in the Path going to fixteen Mile Walk, and
in fliady places of the Hills in Liguame by Hope River. Sometimes wheh
old Trees fall down, this will then grow on the Ground.

V. T hyllitis noil fimiata foliorum limits leviter f err at is. Cat. p. 14.

This which feemed to be a (mail ftarv’d Plant, had a Root made up ot
many brown Fibres, fending up feme eight or nine Leaves without any Foot¬
stalks, being about three Inches long, three quarters of an Inch broad, near
the further end where broadeft, of a yellowifli green colour, and fmooth,
dentated about the Edges, being narrow at beginning, they increafeto near

the end, and then decreafe to a blunt point. n ,

It grows in the great ihady Woods, in the inland parts of the lliand.

* *

Vf Hemionitis peregrina Cluf rar. plant, hifl. lib. 6. p.x 14. Cat.p. 14.

I had this given me by Dr. William Sherard, who had it of one, who ga¬
thered it in Jamaica or Madera.

VII. Fitix Hemionitis dicta Maderenfis, heder* arboreal aliquatenus amnia, feu
foliorum bad auriculis Unis utrinque donut 0. Pluken. Aim. p. l55- Fhyt. Tab.

Fm ^ flmioni t is f&w&icoffifes hidcT dcco folio f lino is fwziwifcTis tcMujJi*
mis' in d'orfo notato. Bob. hifl. Ox. part. 3. p. 560. An Hemionitis Fuji tanka

eleqantior Tournef el. Bot. p. 436 ? Injt. p.546?

This was brought me with the former, and was gathered by James Harlow
in Madera, if I rightly remember. I queftion much whether this be really
differing from the former.

Though Dr .Plukenet tacitly confeffes in his Mantij]a,p. 8z. that he had made
two of this Plant in his Almag. p.155. yet any body who compares his Figure
of this Plant, Tab.zSy. Fig. 4. and mine of the Hemionitis peregrina folio¬
rum fegmentis finuatis, &c. Tab.%6. Fig. z. figured and described hereafter,

will find them vaftly differing.

VIII. Hemionitis folio hirfuto & magis dijfetlo feu ranunculi folio. Cat.p. 14.
Filix hemionitis ditta fanicnU foliis villofa. Plukenet. Aim. p. 155. Phyt. Tab.

^Thisliad a great many fibrous, and thready black Roots, fending up fe¬
veral fmaller, and two fix Inchas long fhining black cornered Stalks, being
covered over with a Ferrugineous Hair or Mols, the Leaf flands at top, be¬
ing divided into three parts or Segments, very deeply cut in, even alijiott to

the

The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica.

the larger, being an Inch and a h,|f i" ” j ,dl ’""In the middle is
middle where broadeft, being eafilv drnfr.fn 3 f‘utha!f as broad in the
Iowilh green colour ending each of rl,Z “ch fid?’, rouSh> °f a yel-
middle Rib coming through them from the FomSnfl! haJing one Purple
Center. From thele middfe R b“goTve al Mnferfo ft a TT"
a great deal of Ferrugineous Mol? Kis^sL ,b?L°n, *
is very ike that of the rannuncttlus frateufis ref cm hirfutus. C 8 " '° C ‘“Ca

sJIZ aid Two miwcoi °f 3 gU% ^ a W°°d' b«'Wai tlle Tovvn
meats Plukenet. Php. Tab. .U. Fig.,. Almag. / ij ti t t jc, “±T

fmnnrli Stalk’ K thefame w<th tlle former, only the Leaf is

m th, of a dark green colour above, being very much more difTe^W

lacimated with Ferrugineous Lines all along the Margins of the back fw

the Leaves, the Dilledions appearing like the geranium Robert ianum Leaves
as to manner of incifures, &c. ° ^.ruanum Leaves

Thefe two Plants may be reduced to the fecond Divifion of Ferns

havtTput them here!*^ °f ** *"* ^ ^tZ^Tl

It grew with the former.

«-> - -e does t„ his

r lotr?m’ & m- «* a-

This had feveral long fibrous Roots uniting in a “knob which ft a
up three or four Stalks, with Leaves very lil e ,i ] ^nds

grim Cluf. only it was not fo broad nor thick in H ^ 'c

the Leaf, and had not fuch Auricles as it and r\J c Conrii^nce of
it was divided, which were three were L*,r Segments into which

finuated about the Edges which makes me of ’ m°rJ f fp .p01nced’ and
ing Plant. ^ f °Plnion it is a differ-

It u as brought from Jamaica, and given me by Dr. Sherard.

XI. Pbyllitis minor [can dons foliis anruflh Cat * t ?-i- r

guynvsna feaudens caulibns kuammofis. Tourncffr,} Kl Bo] f! %. /]

thfrkwilh3 L ;omPreffec*Stalk, »ot fo big as a Hens Quill, covered over very
Fe ns T „r,ny ™ny Perru8‘noous Hairs or MofsAike that of the othlr
ftS ng dift Grf7’ ntounting up ftraight forty Foot high,

dill Brown enft n ° r7 Fre,el by many hairy fmall fibrils, of a rtd-
goes a Leaf r, P: °n eadl of this Stalk, which is fometimes branched
lively1 each of^T a,C ab°UC half an Mtesdiftance, being plac'd aW

of an Inch broil , eaV?J,‘S aboLlt {om [ndies long. and three quartos
in the middle where broadeft, being narrow at beginning,

u and.

' J

74 The Natural Hi ft or y oj Jamaica.

and ending in a point, fmooth, of a light Green colour, and having one
middle Rib, on each fide of which is a row of ferrugineous Soots in
which lies the Seed.

ft grew on the Truncs of the Trees in going up Mount Diablo, towards
the North fide.

I cannot imagin what Dr. Plukenet means by his Title to this Plant, why
he ihould call ic in his Aim. p. i $6. Inter filicem & lycopodium medii, and
correct it in his Mantiff. p. 84. calling it Filicis & lycopodii Compos. Neither
tan any Body tell but himfelf, unlefs he has taken the top of the Scan-
dent Stalk of this Plant for a Head like that of Lycopodium.

XIL Thy llit is [can dens minima muftci facie foliis membranaceis fubrotundis.
Cat.p. iy. Tab. xy. Fig. 1. Filix hemionitis lichenoides Americana fungi au¬
ricular is Cafalpini atmula radice reptatrice Plukenet. Almag.p. 185. Fig. 3 .

This had a flat black Stalk covered with a Hair like other Moffes, apply-
ing its felf to the Rocks, Stones or Trees, and rifing {even or eight Foot
high, putting out at more or lefs diftance, fmall roundilh membranaceous
ycilowilh green Leaves, like thofe of th e]Polytrichum annum minus foliis fub¬
rotundis. They grow fometimes longer, having incifures on their edges ; the
Plant looks fomewhat like a Mofs, but if narrowly view’d feems neverthe*
lefs properly to belong to this place.

It grew on the moift Truncs of Trees, by Rio d’ Oro, Orange River and
Archers ridge, between fixteen Mile Walk and Saint Maries .

XIII. P hyllitidi fcandenti affnis major , folio craffo fubrotundo. Cat. p. k Tab

28. Fig. 1. *

This has a cornered comprefs’d ftriated green Stalk, having Leaves com¬
ing out on each fide of the Stalk, alternatively at an Inch diftance, under
each of which is a broad fungous or fpongy gray Clavicle, flicking very
firmly to the Truncs of Trees, or fides of Rocks, by that means mounting
fometimes to thirty Foot high Each. Leaf has no Foot-Stalk, is about an Inch
and a quarter long, and an Inch broad near the round Bafe where broadeft
being almoft round, fomewhat fhap’d like a Heart, fmooth, thick, juiev"
of a pale whitifh green colour, almoft like thofe of Orpin. ’

It grows on the Truncs of the taller Trees, or moifl: inland Rocks, in the
Woods, in moft places of this Ifland.

XIV. P hyllitidi fcandenti affinis minor folio craffo oblongiori. Cat. p. 1 c. Tab „
28. Fig. 2.

This is exadly the fame with the former, only the Leaves are longer and
narrower, they being an Inch and half long, and about three quarters of
an Inch broad, at round Bafe, where broadeft, and a little more frequent
than the former. Of this there are, as to bignefs and manner of growth
fbme fmall varieties. & *

It is to be found on the Truncs of Trees on Mount Diablo, Archers ridge
Orange River Banks, and other the Mediteranean~W oods in this Ifland. &

XV. T hyllitidi fcandenti affinis minima, folio crafto oblongiori. Cat. p. 1 c. Tab

28. Fig. 3. cj

Tins, as to Stalks, Clavicles, manner of growth, &c. is the fame with the
precedent, only thefe parts are in every thing lefler, the Leaf not being over
three quarters of an Inch long, and one quarter of an Inch broad at round
Bafe where broadeft. The Leaves arefet at much lefler diftance.

It grows with the former.

XVI. PhyU

The Natur al Hijlory of Jamaica.

75

f, ?r ftuu &«***“> «**•»*> «

This creeps up the Truncs of Trees after the fame manner » *_

ceding, by a cornered white Stalk, putting forth at about half an Inchest
fiance at the Joints, fome finall Capredli, or rather Cirrhi like thofh nf r
which take hold of the Barks of the Trees they Climb * At the fame n! Vy>
come out die Leaves oppofite to one another, having Foot-Stalks about
eighth part °f an Mi Long Foot-Stalks, being

^ arters of an Inch long They are half an Inch broad near the round Bafe
where broadeft, whence they decreafe, ending in a lharp point, beine fmoo?h

S - abT the edBes> and of a light brown colour. What Flower or

hkher.C ***’ kll0W ^ bUt by itS llkenefs t0 the Preceding, I bring it

It greivon the Truncs of the Trees near the Banks of Rio d’ Oro coming
from St Maries to fixteen Mile Walk. * min£

^ XVir. Pbjlhtidi fcandenti affinis minor graminifolia, , folio bblonro acuminate
f ohcrum pedtculis alts extdmibus auttis. Cat. p.i5. Tab.zj. Ft A ThXis
minor (candens faltctms foliis acuminatis viridibus. Bobart. hift. ol part 2 p cc%.
t Th,shas a like Stalk wither, as the former, only a littffie^the*
Leaves come at Joints fingly, not two oppofite to one another, hiving a-
bout half an Inch long Foot-Stalks, with extant floated membranaceous^
or appendices, mclofing the Stalk almofl round, and looking like the fmall
or firfi Leaf of an Orange Tree, the Leaf its felf is an Inch and ha f
ong, and iiear half an Inch broad at round Bafe where broadefl and
hence it decreafes to the point having one middle Rib, and feveral tranf-
verfe ones running to the edges being fmooth, thin, ihining, graffy fome-
What like the Leaves of Phyllitis, and of a pale green colour. § f’

It grew on the Trees with the former.

,,XVII[; PtyMtidifimJenti affinU major grammifotia, folio oblcmo acuminata '
f chorum pedicuhs alts ext antibus autfis. Cat.p. 15-. Tab. zy. Fir \ 9

This is in every thing the fame only larger in all its parts, the Foot-Stalks

broad tW° Inc les on§’ t*ie leaves graflie, four Inches long, and half as

It grew with the former.

XIX. Pol, podium altijfmum. Cat.p.i y. Pci, podium Juwamdc mains dr elatius
alts longtortbus, pundit mnis averfa parte notatis. Boh. hift. Ox.palt. f.p

A" ma,u, Africamm pediealis foliofis lohifauc pUrtis. ejufd.ib f/fiT

pljt.Td, mMm‘‘ Vir&inUm tU,1neuros Phkedti Alm.p. if

This Polypodium (which had Roots with Tubercles, Fibers and reddilh
Mols or Hair, as the- ordinary Pd, podium) rofe to be three Foot and a

Sri k gTI eTlng 3 reddf gT’ l3rge’ fmooch’ ftron§ and lo«g Fo°t-
J>talk. The Finn* were fet on by pairs to the middle Rib oppofite to

one another at about an Inches difiance, join’d at Bafe by a Membrane run-
S? m ! rhp “lddle Rd>> makil)g >r alated as with others of this Kind. The
of dlc"’ arf fix Inches long. a"d about three quarters of an Inch
middlJVf m^dIe.where “ft, beginning narrow, increafirig to the
middk, and ending in a point, having one middle Nerve, on each fide of

le sir tZ ^Ckfide °f the Leaf’ IS a roW of Ferruginous Spots, being
the S^eds. The Leaves are of a yellowilh green colour, and fmooth.

The

The Natural Pliftory of Jamaica.

The of this, when young, are fo broad as to have their edges he

over one another, which makes it Teem a different Plant.

Ic grew in the Inland mountainous parts of this Ifland.

vv Lonchitis palufiris maxima. Cat. p. if Filix Americana maxima ati-

Jfn 5S Li* " ffs BAM. Ox. far,.,. f 57-

"" '"J1 ' tkfi Uw large Root, to four or
A great many Leav “ n£«bfeh having a greenilh cornered irregularly

fnVe’M°r ones little Fmgef. To this at every Inch, or

top d middle Rib as g p from ^ bottom £0 the t0p 0f

Inch and a halfs dillance a c fldes 0f it. Each Pinna a Foot

the Stalk a ternative ly from the ^ broadeft, being nar.

long, and three Inches broad in een fm00th, and diredtly

row at beginning, and e‘ldinS warts_Tongue having one middle

of the Ihape, colour £onfv ft t « ^ fa(f ’dmes jj, and fome-

P/It movv^n the Marlhes near Block River Bridge, going to Old Harbour,
and by the Salt River near Pajfage Fort

- *• •“

Paffion, by boiling *e dra^fraftoOMtaaions of the Spleen,
The Decoftion of the R , efpecially if Sarfa and China be ad-
Quartans , Scurvey and ^ J aJ„ excellent Remedy

f^t£tu’Si£l KS*'*.T~ii*. w*~r*»*

B The Root is ufed by the Malalars and Javans in bitings of poifonous
Beads. Bent. r\kn-«.nfcHnn<; of the Liver. Bontius.

cTutXtfgo^d Smdl Ld that it is Cordial, and good for Liver and
Spleen, as our Maiden-Hair.

tnchcmanoides jamatcenjt , j demittens. P/ukenet. Almag. p. 9. Tab.

radical os ex tcibitidis focii JamaianJis, ad hafin uniufiujufque

*J3- rig. 4- Fi’{ go, domU imhitu aquali & over a forte firing, net,
firm*, hints auricuhs chtup donate amvt q yA 286. Fig.x. Filix )

funltis dnplice ordine notate. ]«{ ■ J- r t duplici Jerie pnetorum

Jamaiccnfis fimpliciter finnaus. afplenl, , fij»‘ g* ^X flix minor African*
nctatis Ejttfd. Aim. ibid. Pkft. Tab. v9o. tig. 1. * J ' Pc_

lonchitidis folio ftnnults aurlCU fJ-J limulis cbtufis binis macular urn or -
lyfcdium Amencamm LJi,is Jamaicenfis elatior

ftduulis molli lamgmi . jamict„fa mm dentata alls angulis

difpofitis, Ejufd. tb. p. 568. Lone J Polypodium incifuris

crebris atrovirentibus , utrinque auruulaUs EjuJd bid. 569. roJF J

afplenii. Tournefort. El. Bot. p. tfv- W-p • 5 41-

The

— - - . - ■ ■ - - -- - . -• I . , , _ >1 ■ ■ _ II

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica. 77

The Face of this Plant, and difference of the Leaves or PinnuU make it:
very difficult to affign it a right place, foralmoft every feveral middle Rib or
Stalk has feveral differing Kinds of PinnuU. It fometimes is about a Foot
and a half long, has a pale green Stalk, which is fomewhat hoary, and at
bottom has roundilli Pinnules, refembling the Leaves of Nummularia, and
thofe are placed at fome diflance from one another. See Tab. 29. & Tab.^o.
Fig. 1. lit. a aaa an. On other Stalks at greater or leffer diftances come
PinnuU or Leaves that are Oblong, and fomething auriculated on both up¬
per and under fide, and then above them to the point are rounder Leaves.
On other Twigs the Leaves are joined clofe to one another, after the man¬
ner of thofe of Afplenium. All of thefe forts of PinnuU have Seed on the
back parts, lying in Ferrugineous Spots along the middle Rib, as others of
this Kind. See Tab. 29. & Tab. 30. Fig. 1. lit.bbbbb. Sometimes again
the Leaves will be Oblong and auriculated of each fide, both upper and
under, and disjoined without any cohefion up to the top. At other times
they will be auriculated,?disjoined, and towards top grow weak, trailing
and touching the ground take Root, and propagate the Plant, fo that I have
not feen in any Plant fo great fporting of Nature as in this. Another va¬
riety is in the Leaves, which are ferrated, or, as it were, made up of PinnuU,
after the manner of the Chamafilix, which take Root when they touch the
ground, as the preceding variety doth, and this is fo very odd, that it
would impofe almoft on any one to make them believe it a differing Plant.
See Tab. 29. lit. c c c. all the PinnuU of this Fern are Ihortert at bottom, and
longeft in the middle. The Roots were many black LiguU united, making
a ftrong Foundation for the Plant.

It was brought from Jamaica by Sir Arthur Ravtdons Gardener, and com¬
municated to me by Dr. Sherard.

It appears by Tab. 29. Fig. 1. lit. bb,&c. that it has two forts of Leaves,
thofe »of Afplenium, and auriculated on both Tides, fo that I cannot but won¬
der why Dr. Plukenet fhould think that it cannot be the fame with the Filix
non ramofa fcolopendrioides of Plumier, becaufe that is not auriculated,* Fid.
Mant-p. 79.

XXII. Lonchitis altiffima , pinnulis utrinque, feu ex utroque latere auriculatis.
Cat. p. 1 6. Tab. 31. Lonchitis glabra minor Plum.p 19. Fig. 28. An Filix ,
feu lonchitis afpera Jamaicenfis elatior pinnis longiorPus utrinque auriculatis,
fubtus punclatis, & obtufioribus denticellis fpinofa . Plukenet. Almag. p. 1 5-2 ?
Lonchitis Americana glabra alls latiorikus & brevioribus crebrius difpofitis. Bob ,
hifi. Ox. part. 3. p. 568.

That part of this Lonchitis which came to my Hands was about three
Foot long, having a very ftrong middle Rib or Stalk, furrowed for¬
ward, and round backwards, reddifh and Ihining, being fet at every three
quarters of an Inch with PinnuU or Leaves about an Inch long, and half as
broad, being whole without incifures to near their tops. Each PinnuU had
two Auricles, one of each fide, as well under as above, at the Bafe of the
Pinnula, that above being molt difcernible. They have two rows of ferrugi¬
neous Spots, one on each fide of the middle Rib.

This was brought from Jamaica by Sir Arthur Rawdoris Gardener, and com¬
municated to me by Dr. Sherard.

XXIII. Lonchitis altiffima, pinnulis raris non laciniatis. Cat.p. 16. Tab. 32.

This Lonchitis was about five Foot high, having about a Foot and a half
long, routtdifh, dark brown, or blackifh Foot-Stalk ; the Pinna were about
two Inches long, about three quarters of an Inch broad at Bafe, where they
parted from the middle Rib, from whence they decreas d to the end, which

X was

7 8 The Natural tliftory of Jamaica.

was roundifli and blunt, not at all laciniated, having one middle Rib on
each fide of which were many ferrugineous round Spots or Seeds : there was
about half an Inches empty fpace between the parts of the Pima, which
were plac’d alternatively on each fide of die middle Rib.

1 found it in the inland mountainous parts of this Ifland on Mount
Diablo.

It appears plain that this is not the lame with the lad lave one, which
Dr. Plukenet in his Mantijfa, p. 79. thinks may be the lame with this.

XXIV. Lonchitis major, pinnis latioribus, leviter denticulatis, fuperiore la¬
tere auriculatis . Cat. p. 16. An lonchitis folks fuperius incifis major. Plum*
Journcf Infl. p. 539 t

This riles a Foot and a half high, the Stalk being blackilh at its coming out
of the Earth, having Pinna fet alternatively at about a third part of an Inches
didance from one another, by very Ihort Foot-Stalks : the Pinna let in the mid¬
dle are larged, being an Inch and a quarter long, and about half an Inch
broad at the Bafe, where broaded, from whence they decreafe, ending in a
point, being lerrated, or cut in on the edges, and having on the uppermoft
edge of each Pinna, an Ear or Appendicula, and on the backfide leveral ver-
miculated ferrugineous Lines, in which is the Seed, on each fide of the emi¬
nent middle Rib.

It grew in the inland woody parts of this Ifland.

It is very evident that this is perfectly didind from the Lonchitis major ,
pinnis angujlioribus leviter denticulatis fuperiore latere auriculatis to be delcribed
prefently, as appears by their Delcriptions and Figures, contrary to what is
affirmed by Dr. Plukenet in his Mantijfa, p. 79.

XXV. Lonchitis minor pinnis latioribus leviter denticulatis, fuperiore latere au¬
riculatis. Cat.p. 1 6. Tab. 33. Fig. 1. Filix minor non ramofa Jamaicenfis alii
mcialilus , acuminatis latioribus. Bob. hifl. Ox on. part. 3. p. 571. An lonchitis
folk? fuperius incifis Minor, Tournefort. Inf. p. 539 ?

This was exadly the fame with the precedent, only not half fo large, lb
that it may be thought no variety, but a didind Species. The Seed lay
on its Back after the fame manner, and the Pinna were thinner and
narrower.

It grew on the Rocks near the Banks of Rio / Oro, near fixteen Mile
Walk.

Dr. Plukenet quedions in his Mantijfa, p. 79. if this be the fame with his
Almag. Filix feu lonchitis afpera Jamaicenfis pinnula lata, hrevi, angulofa,
p. 15Z. By the name I Ihould not have taken it to be the fame.

XXVI. Lonchitis major pinnis angufliorilus leviter denticulatis fuperiore la¬
tere auriculatis, Cat. p. 16. Tab. 33. Fig. z. An Filicula lone hit idis folio au¬
ricula t a & dent at a, Plukenet. Mant. p. 77 ?■ Tel an Filix mas uon ramofa Mari-
landica, pinnulis angufiis rarioribus , profunde dentatis » fuperna parte auriculatis,
Ejufd. ibid. p. 78 > Filix minor non ramofa Jamaicenfis, alis uncialibus angujlio¬
ribus. Bob. hifl. Ox. part. 3. p. 57a.

This has a Root having many long capillary Fibers, being black, fcaly,
and covered with a ferrugineous Mols. The Stalk is greener than the for¬
mer, having Pinna, fet oppoflte or alternatively, they are in every thing
exadly like them, only very narrow, being not half fo broad, but in Au¬
ricles, Nerves, Spots, &c. exadly the lame.

h grew with the other, in the more inland woody pares of the Ifland.

XXVII. Lon-

The Natural Hifiory of Jamaica. 7 9

XXVII. Lonchitis major pinnis longis angujlijfimifque. Cat. p. 16. Tab. 34.
Lonchitis minor Jamaicenfis pinmlis anguftis longis ad bajin auritulis rotundis
donatis , Bob . hifi . Ox. fart. 3. />. 568.

This has a large Root, folid, and of a whitifh green colour within, to¬
wards the top covered over with a ferrugineous Hair, and (ending up feveral
Leaves above a Foot high, having greeniih, white, and fmooth Foot-Stalks,
about five Inches long. The Pinna are fct on to the middle Rib, fometimes
oppofite, (chiefly below,) and fometimes alternatively having about the fixth
part of an Inch diftance between the pairs, each of them being about two
Inches long, and a fixth part of an Inch broad at beginning where broad eft-,
and whence they decreafe, ending in a point, being not at all ferrated, very
fmooth, even, and of a grafly green colour. The round auricles mention’d
by Mr. Bob art are very fmall.

It grew out of the Allures of the Rocks in the fhady Road, going to fix-
teen Mile Walk.

It feems to me impoffible that this (liould be what Dr. Plukenet thinks,
Mantiff. p.Si. viz. Filix Jamaicenfis Jacea major is Gerardi aut pot ws centaur ei
major is lutei Parkinfon. amnia falcatis j blits integris & margins aquali* Almag.

ft54-

XXVI II. Polypodium minus pinnulis raris fabtus cinereis. Cat. p. 16. Filix
polypodium did} a minima Jamaiccnfis foliiis aver fa parte ferrugineo puli) ere afple -
nii ritu circumquaque refperfis. Plukenet. Aim. p.i 5 3. Pbyt. Tab.2,89. Fig.i. Poly-
podium minus Virginianum foliis brevioribut, fubtus argent e is. Bobart. hifi. Oxon.
part. 3. p. 563. Tab. an. z- Plant . Capill.

This has a round, blackilh, hard Root like other Polypodies Only fmalkr,
covered in fbme places with a ferrugineous hairy Mol’s, and creeping for a
good length. From thence go many long fibrils into the Earth, of a reddifh
brown colour. At about half an Inches diflance, this Root fends out Leaves,
which have gray, or light brown coloured Foot-Stalks two Inches long, the
whole Leaf and Foot-Stalk being about four Inches high. The Pinna arc
not fo frequent as in the precedent, but more rare, (et almofl: oppofite one
to the other, about three quarters of an Inch long, and an eighth part broad,
not laciniated, nor finuated, thick, on the upper fide of a yellowilh green
colour, on the under gray or whitifh, with fome rows of ferrugineous Spots
on their edges, being the Seed.

It grew on the Rocks, in a Wood on the fide of a Mountain, near
Mr. Elletfon s Plantation in Liguanee.

XXIX. Lonchitis minor pinnulis angufiis crebris tenuibus atrovirentibus. Cat.
p. 1 6. Filix feu Lonchitis Jamaiccnfis polypodii folio pediculis nigris. Plukenet
Almag. p. 151.

This, has a firm knobbed Root, as big as the top of ones little Finger,
covered towards the top with fcaiy brown Mofs, and having very many
dark brown Fibres going deep into the Earth. It fiends up Leaves from fix
Inches to two Foot long, their Foot-Stalks being brown, an Inch and a half
long, the Pinna are fet on to the Stalk, or middle Rib, not oppofite to one
another, but alternatively, being cut into the middle Rib Thefe are about
three quarters of an Inch long, and not over a Twelfth part of an Inch
broad at beginning where broadefl: thin, and of a dark green colour, each
having one middle Rib, on each fide of which lies its See din redifli Spots :
{ometimes this is two Foot high, and the Pinna almofl; oppofite though very
rarely.

It grew on the' woody Mountains' near Mr. Elhtfon’s Plantation in Li-
tnwee. XXX* Urb

The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica.

XXX. Lonchitidi affinis arbor anomala folio, alato e pinnarum crenis frutfifero.
£at. p. 1 6. Hippogloffo forte Cognat a Surinamenjis, fcliis cleandri ferratis, in
crenlrum extreme flofculos permimtos fanguineos gerentibus vel forte hemionitidi
affin'u. Breyn. pr. i. p. 57. An Hemionitidi affinis Americana epiphyllanthos
folio fmpliciter pinnato, hyppoglojfi amnio, radice reptatrice lignofa ad foliorum
crenas florida anguftiori & longiori folio ramofa caulefcens. Plukenet phyt. Tab.
^47. Fig. 4 ?

This Tree rifeth to about eight Foot high, having Stems not much thicker
than ones Thumb, whofe Wood is white and folid, with (mall Pith, and Bark
isfmooth, of a light gray colour, a little ftriated, and {omething like that of Fir,
to'whofe Cyma or fpringing Gemma the top of the Tree is exactly like. The
Leaves came out near the tops of the Branches without any order, are winged
four Inches long, the Pinna being fet on to a middle Rib, at about haif an
Inches diftance, alternatively. They are about feven or nine in number,
having an odd one at the end of the middle Rib, each of them is about an
Inch and an half long, and three quarters of an Inch broad near the middle
where broadeft, ihining fomething like the Leaves of Laurus Alexandria,
being of a dark green colour, fmooth, having one middle Nerve, and fcveral
lateral ones. The principal of thefe Nerves end in fome little fmall notches
at the Margin, in which come firft a ruflet or ferrugineous Mofs, and then
out of the middle of that a very fmall ruflet colour’d Flower on a flnall
Foot-Stalk, after which follows flicking clofe to the Margin of the Leaf,
the Fruit, which is round, no bigger than a fmall Pins Head. It is made
up of a great many, almoft round, dark brown or ferrugineous Seeds, let
round in a fungous Body, as may be eaflly feen by a Microfcope^^-The
Roots are for the moft part long Threads and Filaments, running'into the
crannies of the Rocks, Peeking Nourishment to the Plant.

There is a variety of this with much broader Leaves.

It grows among the woody Hills on the Honey-Comb Rocks , near
Mr Batchelors Houfe, &c. very plentifully.

I think this a properer place for this Plant, than to be put in another,
as Dr. Plukenet would do in his Mantiff. p . 81.

C i . /

XXXI. Trichomanes majus pinnis finuatis fubtus niveis. Cat. p 17. Tab. jy.
Fig. 1. Adianthum feu trichomanes maximum Americanum fubtus argenteum pin-
nulis pro duff icribus ferratis fummo caule involutes ex injula Jamaicenfi. Plukenet.
Aim. p. 9. An Trichomanes argenteum ad eras nigrum. Plum. In ft p. 540 ?

This Plant has feveral long Filaments of a dark brown colour, coming
from a folid Oblong fmall Root, covered over at the top with a biackifh
hairy Mofs like other the Ferns. From thence rile many Leaves about a Foot
long, having reddifh brown, roundifh, Ihining Foot Stalks, and middle
Ribs, on which the Pinna are fet fometimes oppoflte to one another, lome-
times alternatively, rarely towards the bottom, but near the top as thick as
they can ftand by one another, each Pinna being about half an Inch long,
and a quarter broad at Bafe, where broadeft, and for the moft part ear d,
from whence it diminilhes, ending in a point. They are of an irregular Fi¬
gure, notch’d about the edges with fome flnuations, and fmall incifures,
being green above, and very white beneath, havirlg on their Margin or edges,
a ferrugineous Line or Mofs, containing its Seed.

It grew on the fide of a woody Hill, amongft the Rocks, near Mr. Ellet -

fons Plantation in Liguanee.

The odnefs of the Title made me doubt if this was Dr. Plukenet s Adian¬
thum abovementioned, but he [himfelf is pofltiye in it. Mantiff. p> 9* therefore
hemuft explain how it comes to be pinnulis produttioribus ferratis fummo caule
involutis. XXXII. Tri-

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

XXXII. Trtchomanes majus totum album pinnis aculeatis Trapeziifizura. Cat.p
lab. 3 6. Ftg. [& ft- Fdicula maritima ex infulis Caribais, feu adianthum mar
mumfigmentts longtonbus , anguftis, aunculatis & crenatis. tiedieuln /itrn nitpntc V

ji ' . . . /k J r . . u/wmv a. r luuenet,

Alm. p. 151? An lonchitis auriculata & [errata. Plum, fig.zy ?

This has a great many long Filaments and Fibers for its Roots, of a dark

brown colour having towards the top, where the Root is round and folid

ferrugineous Hairs. From the Roots rife the Leaves, which are from about

o JncheS f? ? FooH and an halfin length, having a green Stalk er
middle Rib, to which are fet alternatively green Pinna, as thick as they can
ftand by one another from the very Root, each of which is much larger than
of the ordinary Trichomanes , and of an irregular Figure like to a Trapezium
having very fmall prickles at their corners, and a fcarce difcernible, middle
Kib, on each fide of which is a row of Seeds in fmall ferrugineous Points
or Spots This Plant, fometimes has Incifures appear very plain on its
edges, keeping the fame Figure and Magnitude in is PinnuU. At other
times the Pinnula are very long, taper to the end, and have round Incifures
as appears by Tab. 36. where thefe feveral varietiesare graved.

It grew out of the Crannies or Figures of the drier Rocks on the Road-
fide going to fixteen Mile Walk.

XXXIII. Trichomanes ma-jus, nigrum pinnis lev iter dent at is Trapezii figura.
at- P- 1 7- Tab. 3 7. Fig.z . Lonchitis Americana minor , pinnulis alter nis obtu-
ftoribus, mo dice dent at is dr fuperiore acie pulverulent is. Bob. hi ft. Ox. part. 7. ps6j.
An Adianthum five filix trichcmanoides pumila pinnulis auriculatis, ad petiolum
angujtis, per ambit urn minutijfime denticulatis. Plukenet. Alm.p.^i Ph)t. Tab.

a^1* F[S- 4 ? ve{ Filix minor Jamaicenfis alls fubrotundis ad pediculum anzuflis
minutijfime dentatis, Bob. hi ft. Ox. part 3- p- 57 1 ? ’

Tnis rifes, from the lame fort of Root as the precedent, to about fix
Inches long, the Foot-Stalk being black and Ihining fometimes hairy, and
three Inches long, as is alfo the middle Rib, to which are join’d PinnuU
let alternatively very clofe together, of the fhape of a Trapezium, letter
than the former, of a darker colour, and without prickles. * It has fome
very fmall jags on the edges, which on the uppermoft fide fwhen it has at¬
tained its due Magnitude) turns into a ferrugineous Welt, being the Seed
and then it does not appear forrated.

It grew out of the Rocks on the Banks of Rio dl Oro , and other the rocky
inland, woody parts of the Illand.

XXXIV. Trichomanes majus nigrum, pinnis Trapezii figura latiffimis tenuibus ■
ft- p. *7* Adianthum Jamaicenfe, lonchitidis amplioribus folds non ramofum pe-
diculo atronitente. Plukenet. Aim. p. ir. Phjt. Tab. z^z. Fig. 5.

T. his had a long creeping Root exactly like that of Polypodium, which ha3
many Fibrils for drawing its Nourishment. From thence role up feveral black
L lining polifhd Stalks about a Foot high, to which, towards the top, were
fanned three or four pair of PinnuU or Leaves, which were very large, and
of the Figure of a T yapezium, and withal very tender and thin, of a light
green colour, like to the Adiantmn foliis Coriandri . G B. They meafured

Y

two

2

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

two Inches the longed way, were ferrated when young, but when old
have a rutty coloured Welt round the edges, and are fmuated, fo that it

would in differing Agesimpofe on people, making them believe it were a
differing Plant.

It was brought from Jamaica by Sir Arthur Rawdon's Gardener and com
municated from him to me by Dr. Sherard. 3

. XXXJ* Trichornanes foliolis longioribns elegant er fuperna prafertim parte la -
cmiatis.Cat.p. iy Tab. 36. Fig. 3 An trichomanes major foliis longis auriculatis.
Bamjt. Lat. Ran. hijl. p. 192,8 ? Adi ant hum feu trichomanes Berrnudenfe maximum
Jerratis foliis auriculatum. Plukenct : Almageft. p. 9 ? I’hyt. Tab. Izy. Fir. 1
The Root of this has many capillary brown Fibers, from whence rife a
great many Stalks, black, Aiming, and fmail, about fix Inches high, being
very thick let, even aimott from the Ground, at about an eighth part of an
Inches di fiance, with Pinna, fometimes oppofite, fometimes alternatively, not
half an Inca long, nor an eighth part broad, very much cut in on the edges
especially the upper fide, having on the backfde of the Leaf fome large
ferrugineous Spots, in which are the Seeds. 5

lyy T, °{ the. Fifl“r?s of the Rocks, of each fide on the Rio d' On-, near
Mr. Philpot s Plantation in fixteen Mile Walk.

Trichomanes, foliolis dent at is, fuperiore eatere auriculatis. Cat. p. 17.

Aaiantaum feu Jilix trichcmanoides Jamaicenfis pinnulis auriculatis adba/in Uriel i

°nbus & rarius dentatis major. Fluken. Aim. p. 9. Phyt. Tab. zS7, Fir. / Cha -

ntafilix Jamaicenfis trichomanoides alis oblongis ad bafin Jlritfiorihus & auritzs.

Bob. hijl. Ox. part. 3. p. 5 73. Adi ant him Americanum alis amplioribus ex anruft'o

pnncipio fefe dilat antibus & dentatis. Ejufd. ibid. p. 591. An Adi ant um Ber -

mudenje minus pinnulis obtufis & dentatis, lonchitidis in mo dam auriculatis.

Ej ujd ibid, vel Adianthum five Trichomanes Berrnudenfe maxmurn (err at is

foliis auriculatum. Pluken. Almag. p. 9? Phyt. Tab. izy. Fir. 1 > Trichc-

manss Americanum latifolium dent at um. Tournefort. El. Bot. p a 2 r Tnft-
p. 5-40. C Mjr.

This has a great many reddiffi brown hairy Fibrills, or Filaments for Roots
lending up Leaves an inch or Inch and half long, being altogether green •
there are four or five, or twice that number of pairs of roundilh° green' quar¬
ter of an Inch Diameter’d Pinna, fometimes fet oppofite, fometimes aiterna'
tiyely to the green middle Rib. Sometimes they are indented, or cut in on the
cages, with Auricles or fmail Appendices upwards, at other times not indented
having one odd one at the end larger than the reft. On the backfides of
mere PinnuU are wormy, long, ferrugineous Spots.

The differing Figures of this Plant in feveral States or Asts have oiven
occanon for fome miftakes about1 it, it having feveral Faces in feveral s™
Ions.

It grows out of the Fifiures of the moilter Rocks near the Banks of

Rio d Oro towards the North fide of this Illand, as well as in Barbadoos
and Bermudas.

XXX VIF Filix maxim* infhrus tmtum divifa ollo/ogas lata/quo mncremUs
Lat.p. 1 7. lab. 37.

This nfes to about four Foot high, having a light reddiffi brown coloured
Stalk, which near the Root has fome ferrugineous Mofs or Flairs, and ata-
bout a loot and a half high, begins to have Pinna. They go out alterna¬
tive y at about three quarters of an Inches diftance out' of oppofite Tides

H t6 f lbl Vyhlch haS an °dd Pmna or Lobe ac the end, clofing

the ^talk. Lach of the Pinna is about fix Inches long, and one and an half

broad

The Natural Hijlory of Jamaica.

broad in the middle where broadeft, from a very (]10rt or ,W(I r
Stalk increafing to the middle, and thence dccreafing ’ to t f 0t'
equal on the Margin, very fmooth, having one middleVk , P ’ bo,nS
under fide, from whence go tranfverfe hubs to thcfides^f'T'r °? d’e

Jfland8teW °n thS fideS 0f M°unt DiM°’ in §oine co Ae North fide of this

before dcSed^ fo° thiTthire L San^S off 't

lame, as Dr. Plukemt does in his Mantijf p. 8 r. ^ 00 t0 C llnJt diem £*'e

flte xt Siitzxfft trsrih- rffeS

dis plverulemisifief, *“**'

The Stalk of this Fern was about two Foot and a half hioh ,> ,
nered I and only branched into Ptee, which agreed in moft rh,w M C<?r~

3?^ r “ sastfeS t

rtchomanes maps nigrum pinnis trapezii figure, Uiigmis tenulbus. f' 8 ' '

^de”mjz7 'fr*#**!"*" «.

crcmtis apicibus nwcronalis. Piute J. AlTaffTflffNffo “pf ™

1 IX fcandens Jamaicenfis, f inn at is fraxini foliis Bob. hill Ox on Vart\ !f' ^
inguacervina fcandens, foliis laur inis fen at is Plum. Tournef Inf p

iJot1^^

fork Finger, fending out of each fide many feveral foch loni ha, g
flicking to the Barks of Trees, and rifing ly them to avent^or tlX?F^

or^Roors ”r gyeni^’ mac*e UP of raany white Filaments within. Thele Stalks
, R f r11!0111 Leaves at about two Inches distance a Foot and a half
£ t are fet on to the middle Rib, alternatively at about a [

an Inches dtftance, being about three Inches long, and three quarters of an
Inch broad, m the middle where broadeft, beinf narrow S beginning and
end having one middle, and feveral tranfverfe Ribs, thin fmooth and of
a pale green colour, like the Leaves of Harts-Tongue. ' Md °f

Ihere is a variety of this, whereof the Leaves are very fu perficia 11 v in

(&£££&«< ezet** M *■

The

The Natural Hi [lory of Jamaica.

lor^'pep'p^. ™ad^aTOintedeo^the°Hea^<CuKs°theC^CholcricknHeaclach.

^Ictrcw on ^Ittees^^^

the Truncs of large Trees, m uv=
this Hland.

XL. mX major fcandens in pan. « divifa, oUongas la,i$ms non ere

nMas. Cat.p. 18. Tab. 39- , . fcandent Ferns, by which it

This had a Stalk with Fibrils, ching. From this rofe

climbed the Trees as they, being hke t em i J f to about a Foot
a pale green cornered middle Rih, hw that or oti palr 0f finn*.

and a half high, towards die = top of which were two^ ^ ^ preced

with an odd one at the en , y hrmd having one middle Rib,

”i r wfc,"i J., J »■»/• r- » >«“* i=

the fame.

i f tantum divifa, ohlongas, angufiafque, non crenaUs.

C™ Iraki: UogUf^ akernis non crenans.

Boh. hifi • Ox. part. 3. p. 57^ , , tj mes a light brown coloured

This had fometimes a blackilh, Inches from the

Stalk, or middle Rib, fifing t,0.tjiV<V r primes oppofite one to another.
Ground, be fee with Pinna, which w«efora«^< “ of an Inches di-

and fometimes fet al[fr"at^yIncliesbi0ng, and not over half an Inch broad
ftance. They were ab°ut f°” tf,’e edge3) beginning narrow, and

in the middle where broade , J _r a ^ark green colour above, and
ending in a long narrow mint, ^ and fom| tranfver[e ones, wholly

underneath having an emi Mofe in which is the Seed.

C° XteeTan^te S of this, differing only in magnitude, being not
over half fo big, in eveiy thmg elfe ue ame^ / Ore, near Archers

They grow very pknufaHy on ^ ** in the North-fide.

Ridge , between fixteen Mile Walk, enfisljnnatis foliis integris , &c. of

This is not the F,hx - non W l8?. pig_ Phjt as he

SC53J* o,s:£ —

, * eblomis latifque non crenatis. Cat.

t amplifmo folio ptylitidU facie ,ri-

%Ua. rlukentt. Almag ?• d over with a hairy ferrugineous

This has a fohd tound.fli Root, c°^r“brown colour> drawi„g its Nou-
Mofs, and many long i Fdam ^ ‘ The Stalk is 0f a light brown colour,

rilhment as other the (mailer ten divided for the moft part into

flriated, about nine Inches high, at l’ddk or tQD of the Stalk being

three Leaves or Pinna, that one in - larged.

r

i

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

larged, about four Inches long, and one and an half broad in the middle
where broaded, being narrow at beginning and end, fmooth, having one
middle, and fome tranfverfe Ribs of a dark green colour, fomething like
Harts-Tongue. &

It grew in the fhady thick Woods on the South fide of Mount Diablo

How Dr. Plukenet comes to be angry with me for calling this 'minor
MantiJJ. p.St. or how he comes to call it folio amplifmo in his Mmareft he
bell knows. “ 6 1 *

XLIII. Hemionitidi affinis Filix major Trifida auriculata pinnis latijjimis (i-
nuatis. Cat. p.iS. Tab. 42. Filix feu hemionitis difta Caribaorum ampliffmis fo-
liis trifoliata. Plukenet. Almag. p.155. Phyt.Tab.x91. Fig. 3. J

This has a Root four Inches long, made up of many round black Scales
lying on one another, with a great many black Fibers and Filaments, draw¬
ing its Nourilhment. The Stalk rifes two Foot high, at coming out of the
Earth it is covered with a ferrugineous Mofs,j is fmooth, of a light red-
difli brown colour, and divided towards the top into three broad Leaves
or Finn x, two being fet oppofite one to another, and one being at top, which
is the larged, being ten Inches long, and four broad, near the Bafe,’ where
broaded, varioudy finuated, or cut in on the edges, making fmall irregular
Segments on the Margin, of a yellowifli green colour, and thin, having one
middle Rib, and feveral tranfverfe ones, along which are rows of ferrugi¬
neous Spots, where lies the Seed. The undermod pair of Pinna have Ears
or Appendicula, taking their beginning from the Bafe of each Pinna , and
being like it in every thing, only fmaller.

It grew on a woody fhady Hill, near the Banks of the Rio Cobre, by the
Orange Walk in the Crefcent Plantation. If this be what Pifo means/ he fays
his very opening, purging of Choler, cutting and aperitive above the Euro¬
pean Polypodium.

XLIII. Filix major in pinnas tantum divifa, rarai , latiores , oblongas, flriatas,
ex adverfo fitas, dr non crenatas. Cat. p. 18. Tab. 41. Fig. 1.

This, from a black knobbed tuberous Root, rofe to about two Foot
high, by a cornered light brown Stalk, which when about nine Inches high,
had Pinna fet on it, always oppofite to one another, at about an Inches di¬
dance. Each of them were four Inches long, and more than an Inch broad
in the middle where broaded, being narrow at beginning and end, having one
middle, and feveral tranfverfe parallel appearing Ribs, or Stria, of a dark
brown colour, equal at the edges or Margin, of a frefh green colour, and
fmooth.

It grew on the fides of Mount Diablo , in the middle of the Ifland.

This is not the Adianthum Jamaicenfe lonchitidis falcatis foliis , drc. Plukenet ,
Aim. p. 1 1. Phyt. Tab. 253. Fig. 1. This of Dr. Plukenet I conje&ure to be
the Adianthum nigrum majus non ramofum, pinnulis dr furculis rariorihus crafts
dr trapezii in mcdum figuratis defcribed by me hereafter, which F. Plumier has
figured Tab. 47- under the Title of Adianthum nigrum ramofum pulverulentum
dr falcatum.

XLIV. Filix major in pinnas tantum divifa , raras , oblongas latafque crenatas.
Cat.p. i8< Filix Jamaicenfis foliis femel fubdivifis, pinnulis obtufioribus cofla ad
nafcentibus forbi aucuparia foliis quodammodo referentibus. Plukenet. Aim. p,i$ <y.
Phytogr. Tab. 291. Fig. 1. Filix Americana major non ramoft, alis integris
amplis profundius crenatis , ad quemlibet nervum obliquum binis macularum ordinibus
not at is Bob. hift. Ox. part. 3. p. 571. Filix Jamaicenfis hirfuta forbi aucuparia fo¬
lia quodammodo refer ens. Ejufd. ibid. p.$y6. Filix minor five Chamafilix Jamai-

2. cenfts

The Natural Hifiory of Jamaica.

ceufis in pinnas tantum divifa ala longiore c oft am cUudente . Ejufdem, ihid. f. 577-
Lingua cervina non ramofa rotundius crenata. Tournef. Infi.p. 545^*

This Fern rifes to about three Foot high, having a ihining light brown,
or gray coloured Stalk, almoft fquare, to each fide of which, at about nine
Inches from the ground, and an Inches diftance from one another are placed al¬
ternatively, the Pinna. They are about five Inches long, and about an Inch broad
in the middle where broadeft, very regularly cut in ont he margins, fo that they
appear like Pinnula join’d at the edges. The colour of the Pinna is on the
upper fide dark green, on the under fide are many eminent middle tranfverfe
Ribs, along which, on each fide are rows of ferrugineous Spots, containing
the Seed. The Root is black and large, with many large black Strings or
Ligula going from it into the Earth.

It grew on the Banks of Rio £ Oro, near fixteen Mile Walk.

A young Plant of this is defcribed by Mr. Boh Art. p . 577. One a little
larger, p. 576. ^

XLV. Filix minor in pinnas tantum divifa, crebras, plerumque ex adverfo fit as ,
cblon^as, Utafque, crenatas. Cat. p. 18. Tab.43. Fig- *•

This is in every thing the fame with the former, only not over half fo
high, the Pinna are more frequent, fetfor the moll part oppofite to one ano¬
ther, though (ometimes alternatively, and are five Inches long, not being
over three quarters of an Inch broad at Bafe where broadeft, and whence
they decreale to the point, being regularly cut in on the edges, and having
on their backfide a row of ferrugineous fpots on each fide of the eminent
middle Rib.

It grows on Mount Diablo, near Archers Ridge , and other inland woody
parts of this Ifland.

XLVI. Filix minor in pinnas tantum divifa, raras, ohlongas, latafque crena-
tas . Cat. p 18. 7^.43. Fig. 2.

This is in every thing the fame with the former, only, although as high,
yet ’tis in every thing lefter, the Pinna a little more frequent, ihorter and
narrower by much, than that immediately preceding, being not over half
an Inch broad at Bafe where broadeft, ending in a point. And in this,
which feems to be quite different from the former, there are fome va¬
rieties.

It grew with the former.

XLVII. Filix minor, in pinnas tantum divifa, crehras, non crenatas, inferiore
latere auricnlatas & rotundis pulverulent is areolis aver fa parte not at as. Cat. p. 18.
7 ah. 44. Fig. 1 . Lonchitis minor, alts crebris non crenatis, inferiore latere an -

riculatis. Bob . Mor. hifl. Ox. part. 3. p. 567,

This Fern rifes about a Foot and a half high, its Stalk at coming out of
the Ground, being covered with a hairy ferrugineous Mofs, having Pinnae
fet on to the middle Rib, at about four Inches from the Ground, and one
third of an Inch from one another. For the moft part they come alterna¬
tively out of each fide of the middle Rib, being near three Inches long,
and not over half an Inch broad at their auriculated Bafe where broadeft,
and whence they decreafe to the point. They are fmooth, of a dark green
colour, having on their under fide an eminent middle Rib, on each fide of
which are ferrugineous round fpots, containing the Seeds.

There is a variety of this, having the Pinna broader, and coming out op¬
pofite to one another.

It grew on the fides of Mount Diablo very plentifully.'

XLVIII. Filix

..-I—' ~ — ■ t I - ___

The Natural Hijlory of Jamaica. 8 7

XLVIII. Filix minor, in pinnas tantum divifa, crebras, non crenatas, auricula-
tas, & lineis pulveruleniis averfa parte notatas. Cat. p. 18. Tab. 44. Fig. z.

This in magnitude, manner of growth, &c. feemed to be exactly the fame
with the former, only the Pinna in lieu of one Auricle on the under fide, had
two fmall ones, one on its under, and another on its upper fide, and in lieu
of fpots on its backfide, containing the Seed, there are two Lines running
by the fide of the middle Rib, containing the fame.

It grew with the former.

No body can doubt whether this be the fame with Dt.PlukenePs Film 'folia
lonchitidis facie Jamaicenfis, &c. Alm.p. 152. Phyt. Tab.z86. Fig.z. when this
dclcribed here has very long Pinnula, and Lines on its Back, and the other
has fpots, drc. as appears by comparing their Defcriptions and Figures.

XLIX. Filix minor, ruff a lanugine tot a ohduPla, in pinnas tantum divifa, raras,
non crenatas, fubrotundas. Cat. p. 1 9. Tab. 45. Fig. 1. An Filicula crifpa lanu¬
gine hepatici coloris veflita. Plukenet. Aim. p. 150? An Filix hirfuta & lutef-
cente pulvifculo fordefcens. Tournef. Infl. p. 537 ?

This was about a Foot and a half high, its Stalk was round, and all co¬
vered with a ferrugineous coloured Hair, the Pinna were placed about an
Inches diflance, each being faftned to the middle Rib, by a very fmall Foot-
Stalk. Each of the Pinna were about an Inch long, half as broad at round
Bale where broadefl, and whence they decreafed to the end, which was
round, they were all covered over with a rufly woolly Hair, fufficiently di-
ftinguiihing them from any others of this Kind. The Pinna were likewile
all covered over with Seed on the back of the Leaf-

Sir Arthur Rarvdons Gardener brought it from Jamaica, and Dr. Sberard
communicated it to me.

When Dr Plukenet pleafes to figure and defcribe the abovemen tion’d Fili¬
cula we iliall find if it be the fame.

L. Filix minor, in pinnas tantum divifa, ex adverfo fit as, oblongas, latafc/ue
non crenatas, inf mis ad bafin auriculatis. Cat. p. 19. Filix feu poly podium Ja -
maicenfe, hydrophyUi Morini fere divifuris, fummo folio raris denticulis profun-
dius crenato. Plukenet. Aim. p. 153. Phyt. Tab. 28 9. Fig. 3. An filix feu po¬
lypodium Jamaicenfe latifolium pinnis infimis auritis. Ejufd. Aim. p. 153 ^

This has a roundilh Fmall Root, with many round Thongs and Filaments,
drawing its Nourifhment. From this rife Leaves about a Foot high, having
a cornered ferrugineous Stalk, to which about fix Inches from the Ground,
are fet oppofite to one another, the Pinna, being about four pair, with an
odd one at end. They are about three Inches long, and more than one broad
in the middle where broadeft, from whence they decreafe, ending in a point,
being of a rufty green colour, having a middle Rib, and feme tranfverfe
ones. The undermoft pair of Pinna have an Ear or Appendicula at Bale,
fhap’d in every thing like the Pinna, only not fo large, and more blunt.
The uppermoft Leaf or Pinna, is fomewhat finuated or indented.

I found it in the mountainous and woody inland parts of this Ifiand.

This is not the Filix parva Virginiana, pinnulis produtfioribus, &c. Plukenet.
Phyt. Tab. 187. Fig.z. A Image ft, p: 152. as he feems to conje&ure, in his
Mantiff. p. 79. but that aboyementioned of his Alm.p. 153. Phyt. Tab. 289.
Fig. 3-

LI. Phyk

88

The Natural Flifory of Jamaica.

LI. Pbyllitis ramofa trifida. Cat. p. 19. Tab. 45’. Fig. 2. Filix Jamaicenfis
non ramofa trifoliata angtiflifolia caule Uvi. Bob. ki(l. Ox on. fart. 3. p. 5-71.

This, from a blackilh tuberous Root, with many LignU , fends up five or
fix Stalks about a Foot high, having a reddifh cornered fhining middle Rib, to
which at about two Inches or lefs interval, are fet oppofite to one another,
(after the manner of the pbyllitis multifida) PinnuU or Leaves. Three FinnuU
for the moll part (land on the fame very Ihort common reddifh Foot-Stalk,
that PinnuU in the middle being the longed, viz. an Inch and an half long,
and mQt over a quarter of an Inch broad in the middle where broad eft,
fmooth,"of a yellowifh green colour, with reddilh Ribs, and of the con¬
fidence of the Leaves of of Pbyllitis, or Hemionitis Multifida , and being
covered all over on their Backs with ferrugineous Powder, fuppofed to be
the Seed.

This in every thing comes very near the Lingua cervina foliis cefln innaf-
centibus. Tournefort. El. Bot. p. 431. Tab. 324 or Hemionitis altera. Dal.
Lugd. 1218.

1 gathered it in the woody inland parts of this Idand.

By the Figure and Defcription of this, compared with the Filicifolia pbyllitis
ditt a, feu lingua cervina minor crifpa, folio multfido ramofa Plukenet. Aim. p. 154.
Fbyt. Tab . 248. Fig. 2. one would wonder how this Author Ihould affirm
thefe Plants to be the fame, as he does in his Mantiffa , p. Si.

LII. Pbyllitidi multifid d affinis filix fcandens, in pinnas tantum divifa, ohlon-
gas, angufias non crenatas. Cat. p. 19. Tab. 46. Fig. 1. An Filix Scandens
periploca foliis Jamaicenfis. Plukenet. Aim. p. 156 ?

This has a round Root the top of which is covered with a blackiffi
Hair, having many drong Filaments drawing its Nourilhment. From hence
rifes a round, fmooth, fmall, diining, reddilh brown Stalk, turning its felf
round any Tree it comes near, rifing to twelve or fifteen Foot high, at
every three or four Inches diftance, putting forth Leaves, danding for the mod
part oppofite one to another, on fometimes an Inch, or two Inches long round
Stalks, divided ufually into four Pinna or Leaves which are three Inches long,
and about an Inch broad at the Bafe where broaded, whence they decreafe
to the end, being very green, and in confidence, ftneli, &c. like the Leaves
of F by l lit is.

It grew plentifully on Mount Diablo, Arcbers Ridge in Mountain River
Plantations, and in feveral other the mountainous, and inland woody parts
of this Idand.

LIII. Pbyllitidi multifida affinis, filix fcandens in pinnas tantum divifa, ol~
longas, angufias laciniatas. Cat. p. 19. Lonchitis fcandens, Brafiliana pinnulis
eleganter laciniatis Tournefort .El. lot. p. 430. Infi.p. 539.

This, as to manner of growth, &c. is the fame with the former, but
differs in this, that the Pinna are broader, Ihorter, and much more lacini-
ated, or cut into the edges, fo that fome of the Leaves are almod pal-
mated, efpecially the under ones, thofe towards the top of the Stalks being
like the former, only Laciniated on the edges, where on the Sections on
the backfide of the Leaf is a ferrugineous Mofs covering the Segmenrs,
which is the Seed. And of this fort again there are infinite varieties of the
Leaves.

This grew about the Truncs of Trees in a Wood near Captain Heyrvood’s
Houfe, in St. Maries , in the North fide of the Idand of Jamaica.

I think the Title I give this very plain, viz. that this Fern comes near to
the Pbyllitis Multifida, a Plant very well known in Europe.

LIV. Filix

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica. 8 9

L1V. Filix non ratnofa maxima , [urculis raris, pinnis variis, inferioribus fail,
dlongis acutis, [uperioribus verb afplenii [ubrotundis . Cat. p. 19. lab. ^7. Ftlix
farmentofa, foliis variis, intis longioribus denticulatis, [uperioribus rotundis plants
ex infula Jamaica. Fluken. Aim. p. 1 56. An Filix ad alas foliofa Tournef Inf.

P-537?

This great Fern rifes to four Foot high, by a reddifh brown Stalk, as big
as ones Finger, having Twigs plac’d alternatively, at two or three Inches di*
fiance:; about a Foot and a half long. They are befet on each fide with
Pinna alternatively at more or lefs diftance, each of which is about four
Inches long, and not an Inch broad near its beginning where broadeft;
and whence it decreafes, ending in a point, being a little indented on the
edges in the broadeft part, and every where of a Grafs-green colour, and
having its Seeds lying in a ferrugineous Line or Welt along its edges : the
tops of the lower Twigs, and the whole ones at top are broad and linuated,
or waved after the manner of Ajplenium.

It grows about Mount Diablo in feveral Places.

What Dr. Plukenet means by Sarmentofa in his Tide, I cannot guels.

LV. Filix non ramofa major, fare u! is raris, pinnulis crebris, latis, minimis,
brevibus, aculeatis. Cat. p. 19. tab. 48. An Filix non ramofa Jamaicenfs pinnatis
foliis integris ferratis ad bafin apophyfi parva donatis fabtus duplici or dine puntfo-
rum ferrugineorum agminatlm infignitis. Plukenet. Aim. p. 1 5” 4* Fhyt. Tab. z8
Fig. 1 ? Filix non ramofa Jamaicenfs elatior, alts crebris longijfmis angufijfmis
dentatis. Bob, Mor. hi ft. Ox. part. 3. p. 575.

This Fern rifes above two Foot high, the Foot-Stalk at coming out of the
Ground being fwelled and covered with a ferrugineous Mofs, the reft being of
a greenifli colour. It is about a Foot high before any Twigs are let on it, which
go out alternatively at half an Inches diltance, being more than fix Inches
long, and not over a quarter of an Inch broad, each of the PinnuL being
not over the eighth part of an Inch long, and half as broad, fharp at the
ends, and as thick fet on to the Twig or middle Rib, as they can hand by
one another, leaving no defed or empty fpace between them, and being
of a yellowilh green colour.

It grew by the Banks of Rio Cobre, in the Road going from Town to
fixteen Mile Walk.

LVI Filix non ramofa major farculis raris, pinnulis longis, anguftis, rarijfmis,
Cat.p. 19. Tab. 49. Fig. 1.

This rifes to three Foot high, having Twigs going out of each fide of the
St dk alternatively at about more than an Inches diltance from one another,
though fometimes ’tis not fo much. Every Twig is about three Inches long,
and three quarters of an Inch broad at Bafe where broadeft, the PinnuU are
about one third of an Inch long, and very narrow, having a large defed
between them, making them appear very rare or thin fet. On the backfide
of the Leaf they are moldy all covered over with ferrugineous Spots of
Seed. Of this are fome varieties.

It grew on the Banks of Rio d’ Oro, between fixteen Mile Walk and
St. Maries.

Dr. Plukenet doubts if this be his Filix Jamaicenfs Jacea major is Gerard . aut
potius centaurii maj. lutei Parkinfon. amnia, falcatis foliis integris & margins a*
quali. Almag. p. 1 5-4. By the Defcription and Figure of this it feems impof-
ftble to be it.

A a

LVII „ Filix

*

-»■ ■ - - : -

90 The Natural Hiftory. of Jamaica.

LVII. Filix non ramofa major, furculis crehris , pinmlis longis, angufiis. Cat.
p 19* Tab. yo. Fig. I. & Tab, 51. An fli x palufiris mas non ramofa pinnulis obiu-
fioribus plants ex infula Bermudenfi. Plukenet. Pbytorr. Tab. 24 1. Fir. 6 >
Almag. p. 1 51 ?

This rifes to about two Foot high, having a greenifh yellow middle Rib,
or Stalk, to which at one third of an Inches diftance are fet the Twigs, fome-
times oppofite, at other times alternatively, being each about feven Inches
long, and an Inch broad at the Bafe where broadeft. The PinnuU are each
half an Inch long, join'd to one another at their middle Rib, or original, and
thence grow narrower to their ends, they are (harp, being of a yellowilh
green colour, and there is a defed between the ends of each of the PinnuU.
Of this there are feveral varieties, thofe molt remarkable being in the narrow-
nefs and breadth, lharpnefs or bluntnefs, and crookednels or ftreightnels of
the PinnuU, two of which varieties are figured Tab. 50. Fig. 1. & Tab. yr.

It grew by the inland woody and lhady Rivers of this Ifland.

LVIII. Filix non ramofa major, furculis raris breviorilus, pinnulis crebris latis
brevibus non aculeatis. Cat. p. 20. Tab. 48. Fig. 2. Filix Indie a major alis lon¬
gis rotundius crenatis binis macularum ordinibus ad oras notatis. Arana-panna.
H. M' p. 12. Tab. 31. Bob.p. 3. hifi. Ox. p. 57 5. quoad, defer.

This was the fame with the preceding, only the furculi were not fo long,
and the PinnuU were not aculeated, but blunt and roundilh, almoft like thofe
of Afplenium.

It was brought from Jamaica to Dr. Sherard, and by him communicated
to me.

LIX. Filix non ramofa major , furculis crebris , pinmlis brevioribus , angufiis.
Cat • p. 20. Tab. 50. Fig. 2.

This is in every thing the fame with the former, lave one, only the Twigs
are not fo broad, being not over two thirds of an Inch broad, that is, the
PinnuU are not over one third of an Inch long, and not quite fo narrow at
bottom, fo that there is lefs void fpacebetween them, and of this Kind there
are feveral varieties as to length of furculi, &c. The Seed lies in round fer-
rugineous Spots on each fide of the middle Rib running through each
Pinnula. ^

I found it on the rocky Banks of Orange River, and Rio d' Oro between
fixteen Mile Walk and St. Maries,

This is not the Filix non ramofa Jamaicenfis, pediculo albicante, alis marrubii
aquatici fere divifuris, &c. Pluken. as appears by its Figure and Defcription
compared with thofe of his, Phyt. Tab.zyo. Fig 2.

LX. Filix non ramofa minor, furculis crebris, pinnulis lonris, latifque Cat p 20
Tab. 5 o. Fig. 3. nr

This has a light brown greenilh fliining Stalk, rifing to about nine Inches
high, or fometimes a Foot and a half, to each fide of which, at about one
third of an Inches diftance are fet Twigs about an Inch and an half long and
near an Inch broad at Bafe where broadeft, the PinnuU being joined to near
their ends, and being of a dark green colour, much refembling the prece¬
dent, only the furculi are broader, or which is all one, the PinnuU longer
The PinnuU are alfo broader, fo that whereas in that going before there is a
defed or empty (pace between the ends of the PinnuU, here it is none or
very fmall, and the PinnuU lie over one another. The Root is knobbed,
and has many Fibrils of a cinereous colour, fending up three or four Stalks
from it, by which it is fufficiently diftinguilhed from the Filix minor palufirts.

The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica.

*

% ~ - - — — - ■ - - — '

Rail hifl. p. 1 4 6. to which it comes very near. The Seed lies in round fpots
on the backfides of the Leaves.

It grew in the inland woody parts of this Ifland, about Rio d’ Oro and
Orange River Banks plentifully.

LXI. Filix non ramofa minor , furculis crebris, pinnulis breviffimis, angujlis.
Cat. p. 20. Tab. 52. Fig. 1. Filix non ramofa Americana major, alts cppoftis
longis angujlis prof unde dent at is. Bob. hifl. Ox. part. 3. p. 575.

This is in every thing the fame with the preceding, not being much over
a Foot high, the Twigs three Inches long, and half an Inch broad. The
FinnuU are a quarter of an Inch long, and join’d together almoft to the end,
being mark’d on the back with ferrugineous Spots, and are on the upper fide
of a yellowifh green colour.

It grew on the Banks of Rio Cobre below the Town of St. Jago de la V ega,
on the lame fide of the River.

LXII. Filix non ramofa minima, furculis crebris, pinnulis breviffimis, anguflis.
Cat.p. 20. Tab. 52. Fig. z.

This has a great many black Filaments coming from a dark brown,
roundifh, fmall, folid Root, from whence rifes a Stalk about fix Inches high,
having Twigs and PinnuU fet juft like the foregoing, only in every part much
(mailer, efpecially the PinnuU, which are join’d (o far together, that the
fur cuius feems rather Indented than to have PinnuU.

It grew with the former.

LXIII. Filicula non ramofa minima , furculis crebris, pinnulis angufliffmh, raris.
Cat. p.zo. Tab. 49. Fig. z. Filix JamaicenJis non ramofa, exunaradice cefpitis
inflar contexta, pediculis mmerofis , foliis auriculatis profunde feEfis, P lake net.
Aim. p. 150. Phyt. Tab. 2 83. Lonchitis tenuifolia parva JamaicenJis, pinnulis
oppofitis profunde dentatis & utrinquz auriculatis. Bob. hifl. Ox p.$6y.

This feem’d to be much the lame with the former, only it was not over
four or fix Inches high, the Twigs were very lhort, fet to the Stalk alterna¬
tively, and on them the PinnuU, which were not united to one another by
the Margins, as thofe of the preceding, but cut in to the very Twig where
there was any empty void fpace, or defeat between them, occafion’d by their
being fo narrow, or rarely plac'd. The Seed comes in round Spots like
that of Adiantum Nigrum officin. on the back fidcs of the P innuU .

It grew in the inland parts of the Ifland by the fhady Rivulets.

LXIV. Filix non ramofa fcandens, pinnulis latis , longis, crebris, obtufis dr
dentatis Cat. p.i 20. Fara-panna-Maravara. H. Mai. part. 11. p-31* Tab. 15.

This has a cornered dark green browniih Stalk, by the means of feveral
fibrils and clavicles, taking hold of the Truncsof Trees, and rifmgby them
twenty or thirty Foot high, putting out, at about nine Inches diftance.
Leaves about a Foot and an half long. It has a Aiming dirty green coloured
Stalk, which from its middle upwards, at about an Inches diftance alterna¬
tively, is befet with Twigs about four Inches long, and an Inch and an half
broad, each of which has many PinnuU about three quarters of an Inch
long, and not half lo broad, indented about the edges, and of a lively
fhining dark green colour.

This is deicribed by Mr. Bob art in the hifl. Ox. part. 3 . p. 57°- under the
Title of Filix non ramofa major, furculis raris, brevioribus , pinnulis crebris latis

brevibus non aculeatis. p. 20. of rhy Catalogue.

It grew on tire Truncs of the larger Trees in going up the fides of Mount

Diablo, Archers Ridge, &c.

■ %- Ilk

The Natural Hi/lory of Jamaica.

It is given againft Endemial Difeafes, cures intermitting Feavers, flops
Coughs, and opens the Belly. The Juice mix’d with the Blood of a Hen,
cools the heat coming of Gun-Powder, or hot Oil. H. M.

LXV. Filix non ramofa minima, , caule nigro , fur cults raris, pinnulis angu'
fits, raris, hrevibus, acutis,fubtus niveis. Cat. p.zo. Tab. 53. Fig. 1.

This was in every thing the fame with the Filix non ramofa minor, cattle
nigro furcults raris, pinnulis anguftis, dent at is, raris, hrevibus , acutis, fubtus niveis.
Cat. jam. pro. described above, p. 35. only not over half its bignefs, fo that
’tis not the fame with that, nor confequently with Dt.Plukenet’s, Adianthum
Calomelanos, &c. which I have in my Catalogue made the fame with it.

It grew with the former in Jamaica.

LXVI. Filix non ramofa major, caule nigro, furculis raris, pinnulis anguftis, ra¬
ris, longis, dentatis. Cat.p. ro. Tab. 30. Fig. z.

This agreed very exadly with the preceding Fern, only it was four times
as large as it;, and the Pinna were much longer, and indented on the
edges, fo that it might almoft feem referable to the ramofeKind, the back-
fldes of the Leaves or Pinna are not covered over with a white Meai as the
precedent, but are gray or light rufty. This Meal is the Seed. The upper
fides of the Pinna were of a very dark green colour.

It grew on the Rocks upon the Banks of Orange River, and Rio d' Ore,
near Mr. Philpots Plantation in the North fide.

It is eafie to fee this is not the Adiantbum Jamaicenfe lonchitidis falcatis fo -
liis, &c. Plukenet. Aim. p.n. Phyt. tab. z^}. fig. 1. as Dr. Plukenet queflions
in his Mantijfa p.6. That is another Plant before deferibed.

LXVII. Rut£ mtraria accedens Filicula non ramofa minima , pinnulis fdrotun -
dis profunde feifftu Cat. p.zi. Tab. $z. Fig.}.

This had a fmall {olid black Root, covered with a black hairy Mo(s to¬
wards its top, and many dark brown Filaments, whereby it draws its nourifh-
ment, from whence rife nine or ten Leaves about three Inches high. The Stalks
are of a dark green colour, and at an Inches diflance from the Ground, arc
divided into feveral Twigs, fet alternatively, thofe in the middle being largeft,
about three quarters of an Inch long, made up of PinmiU fet alternatively,
being very fmall, roundiih, deeply cut in on the edges, of a pale green
colour above, and underneath having very many ferrugineous Spots, in
which lies the Seed.

It grew among the Rocks on the Banks of Rio d' Oro, between flxteen
Mile Walk and St. Marks..

LX VIII. Ruta mnraria accedens Filix minor non ramofa, pinnulis fdrotund/s,
profunde fcijjis. Cat. p. zi. Filix pinnulis cr if at is Plumier. p. 16. Fig z$. A.
Filix minor Jamaicenjis alts obtujis, pinnulis criftatis profunde feiffts. Bob. hi ft.
Ox. part. 3. p. j8i.

The top of the Root of this Fern fent up a great number of Leaves, about
a Foot high, whofe Stalks were of a dark green colour, cornered, and about
fix Inches from the Ground, divided into Twigs, fet oppofite to one ano¬
ther underneath, and alternatively above, at about three quarters of an
Inches diflance a funder. The Twigs at bottom, or neareft the^Root, where
largeft, were about an Inch and an half long, having Pinnula or Leaves
plac’d alternatively on them, being about nine pair, with an odd one at end.
They had a fmall Foot-Stalk, were rpundilh, very deeply cut in on the
edges, of a dark green colour above, and underneath covered very thick
with large and many rufty Spots, in which lay its Seed.

It

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

It grew by the Tides of Rio d' Oro, near Mr. Philpot’s Plantation, between
fixteen Mile Walk and St. Marks,

LXIX Ruta muraria major, foliis variis, fell, oblongh integris, & fubrotundis
ferratis. Cat.p. 21. Tab, 51. Fig. 2.

This has a fmall foiid Root, covered with lome fcaly rally Hair, and
having many long Strings and Filaments, whereby it draws its Nourilhment.
From hence rife many Leaves about fix or nine Inches high, having
pale green Stalks, divided towards the top into feveral T wigs, coming out
for the mod part oppofite to one another, having fet 011 them PinnuU, or
Leaves, two, or three pair, with an odd one at the end, they being aim oft
Round or Oval, much larger than thole of Wall-Rue, and very orderly in¬
dented about the edges, of a pale green Colour. In the middle of thele Leaves
rife up others from the fame Root, having higher Stalks, and the Pinna fee
after the fame manner, only longer and narrower than the firft Leaves. They
are without incifures, and have on their backfides, by the Margin, a ferru-
gincous Welt or Line, in which lies the Seed.

It grew out of the Filfures of the Rocks, on the Banks of Orange River, and
Rio d’ Oro, in the middle of this Ifland.

This Plant is perfe&ly differing from Adianthum foliis inferioribus Cork
andri, &c. Plukenet. Aim. p. 9. and all the Plants this Author conje&ures to
be the fame with it, in his Aim. & Mantijfa, p.$.

LXX. Ruta muraria maxima, foliis oblongis, crenatis. Cat.p. 21. Tab. 4 6.
Fig. 2.

This had a foiid flrong Root, covered with many large brown Scales, and
having many capillary Fibrils, from whence role many dark green Stalks
about a Foot high, divided into many Twigs, fet fometimes alternatively, and
fometimes oppofite to one another, at about half an Inch’s diftance one from *
another. On thefe were plac’d three or four pair of PinnuU or Leaves, with
an odd one, being much lefler than the former, or thole of Ruta Muraria,
crenated or dented on the edges, being fmaller, more oblong, and lefs round
than the preceding.

It grew on the rocky Banks, of Orange River, and Ri» d' Oro.

LXXI. Filix non ramofa miner, pinmlis crebris, obtufis, crenatis. Cat.p. 21,
Tab. 54. Fig. 1 .

This had a black oblong Root covered with many ends of the Foot-
Stalks of Leaves dropt off, and having long Thongs and Fibrils deeply
fix’d in the Ground. From hence rile green Stalks, blackilh at the Root,
about a Foot and a half high, divided into Twigs, let alternatively, on
which the PinnuU are very thick plac’d, fo as to leave no empty fpace be¬
tween them, being large, broad, blunt, indented, and of a dark green
colour.

It grew by the Rio dd Oro, between Sc. Maries, and the North-fide,

LXXII. Adiantum nigrum maximum, non ramofum, pinnis crebris , major thus,
crafts, & Trapezii in modum jiguratis. Cat. p. 21. Tab. 55. Fig. 1.

This has a black Root, covered with a ferrugineous hairy Mols, having
many black Fibers running into the Ground. It riles two Foot high, by a
ftrong black Triangular Stalk, covered with a hairy ferrugineous Mofs, from
whence, at about, a Foot from the Ground, proceed, at half an Inch s di¬
ftance, alternatively, the Twigs, which are thick let with PinnuU or Leaves,
alternatively, each being an Inch long, and not over halt fo broad, of the
figure of an irregular Lozenge, or Trapezium, being thicker, and of a darker

B b colour

93

94 The 'Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

colour than thofe of the Adiantum foliis Coriandri. The Seed lies in a
rufty Line along the Margin of the Finn*. Of this there are Tome varie¬
ties as to largenefs, &c.

This grew on d fhady Gully’s Banks, beyond Troopers Quarters, near the
Town of St. Jago de la V ega, and in other inland Woods of this IBand.

Pifo commends this, and fays, that ’twas commonly ufed in Brafile for Ex¬
pectorating tough Phlegm, and for other the ufes, are ufually made of Eu¬
ropean Maiden-Hair.

I take this to be Cenambakmiri five adianti fpecles prior vel Avenca Lufita-
nis. Pif. the Figure and Delcription agreeing with it as his fecond Kind of
the fame agrees with the Filix non ramofa minor caule nigro, &c. deferibed
above p. 3 5. of this Book.

LX XIII. Adi ant um nigrum majus non ramofum, pinnulis & fur culls rariorilus,
crajfis & Trapezii in modum figuratis . Cat. p.z 1. Adianthum Jamaicenfe lone hi-
tidis falcatis foliis, ramofum pediculis fplendentibus nigris. Plukenet. Almag.p.n.
Phyt.Tab. 253. Fig. 1. Adiantum Jamaicenfe lone hit idis falcatis foliis ramofum,
pediculis fplendentibus nigris, Bob. hi ft. Oxi part. 3. p. 587. An Adiantum ni¬
grum pinnulis Ion chit idis f err at is minus. Plum. p. 31. Tab. 48. Lone hit is ramofa,
pediculis nigris, pulverulent a. Plum. Tournef. Infi.pgyy >

This as to heighth, Balk, &c. was the fame with the foregoing, only the
Twigs came out more rarely, viz,, at about an Inch’s diftance, and were not
fo thick fet with Pinnuh or Leaves, fo that there was a considerable empty
fpace between them, but for fhape, feed, thicknefs, &c. they were the fame,
though much fmaller.

It grew in the inland Woods of this Bland.

LXXI V. Adiantum nigrum minus non ramofum, pinnulis majoribus crajfis Tra¬
pezii in modum figuratis. Cat. p.z 1.

This had a fmall repent Root, having black Fibers to draw its Nourifli-
ment, from whence fprang many Leaves fix Inches high, with Twigs and
Pinnuh, exactly like the firft Adiantum nigrum maximum, &c. only the Mar¬
gin of the Pinnuh were very eafily indented, they were not altogether fo
thick or dark coloured.

It grew by the way fide on Archers Ridge, and in other the inland woody
parts of this Bland.

This which is figured by Dr .Plukenet Phyt. Tab. 125. Fig. z. has only a
Stalk, furculi & pinna, and is therefore, according to me, not ramofe, notwith-
ftanding what Dr. Plukenet fays in his Mantijfa, p. 5. I take i; to differ from
the immediately preceding, as may appear by comparing his own Figure and
F.Plumiers, Tab. 47. This laft 1 take to be another Fern of the Doctors
own figuring Phyt. Tab. 253. Fig. 1. He likewife doubts I have made a
third Plant of this one, viz. Trichomanes majut, totum, album, pinnis aculeatis
trapezii figura, which is his Filicula maritima ex infulis Caribbais, &c. Phi
Tab. 286. Fig. 1. a quite different Plant, as is plain from what is laid above. '

LXXV. Adiantum nigrum non ramofum majus , pinnulis majoribus tenuibus
in Trapezii modum figuratis. Cat.p.zi. Tab , 55. Fig. 2.

This rofe to about a Foot and an half high, having a very polite, black
Chining, Stalk, with no ferrugineous Hair on it, the Pinnuh being frequent,
and exactly like thofe of the precedent Kind, not fo much indented, but of
a yellowiih green colour, and very thin. On the upper Margin of them,
in a ferrugineous Welt, lies the Seed. The Stalk was divided into two or
three Twigs.

It grew with the former.

LXXXI. Adian-

The Natural Hifiory oj Jamaica,

LXXXI. Adiantum nigrum non ramofum majus, furculis raris, pinnulis denfts,
craftis, minimis , criftatis, dr Trapezii in modum figuratis. Cat. p. zt.

This rofe to about a Foot and an half high, the Stalk being black, very
polite, Alining, and fet alternatively with Twigs, at more than an Inch’s di-
fiance from one another. They are five Inches long, and very thick let with
TinnuU alternatively, fo that there is no defeat or void (pace betweenjthqm,
each of them being of the figure of a Trapezium ; thick, very final!, of a
dark green colour, with a ruity Line on its edge, wherein lies die Seed.

There is a variety of this, which by accident is fometimes branched. Ano¬
ther having only three Surculi, being, I fuppofe, young.

There is another variety, with more frequent Twigs, and the TinnuU not
figur’d exa&ly like a Trapezium, but Semicircular, a little indented, and like
that of Adiantum frtnieofum Brajiliamm Cor nut i. This variety feems to be
that deferibed by Brejnius.

I found this on the woody Mountains near Mr. Elletfon' s Plantation in Li-
guanee, and on Archers Ridge, near fixteen Mile Walk, dre.

This is very much commended by Pifo for opening of the Wind-Pipe, and
all the Difeafes of the Lungs, either in Decodf ions or Syrups.

LXXX1I. Adiantum nigrum majus non ramofum, furculis e pediculi communis,
fummitate, tanquam centro, prodeuntihus , & ftelUin modum radiatis. Cat. p.zi.
Adiantum Jamaicenfe, pinnulis auriculatis ramofum, quints ramulis ex eodem cau-
liculi punch expanjis, ornatum. Tlukenet. Almag.p. n. Pbyt. Tab. 253. Fig. 3.
Trichomanes Americanum radiatum. Bob. hi fl . Ox. part' 3. p. 591. Trichomams
Americannm radiatum. Tournef. el. hot. />. 43 1. Lonchitis radiata polprici facie,
Ejufd. In(l. p. 5*39.

This had a Root with a great number of blackifh brown, long Filaments,
varioufiy interwoven, from whence rofe many round, black, very polite,
and fhining Stalks, about a Foot high. From the top of this, as from a
common Centre, went nine Twigs about fix Inches long, Handing round ar
an equal diflance from one another, befet with PinnuU which were of a
dark green colour, fet thick by one another, like in Figure and Confidence
to the precedent, and having on its Margin ferrugineous Lines, in which
was its Seed and on the upper fide next the Stalk, an Auricle or Appen-
dicula to each Pinna

It grew in the Woods near Captain Dr ax's Plantation in the North fide of
the Ifland by the Old Town of Sevilla, drc.

This is only divided into a Stalk, furculi & pinna, and according to my
method, not ramofe, fo that it may be Paid to have furculi, and be ra¬
diated, though not ramofe, notwithdanding what Dr. Tlukenet fays in his
Mantiffa, p. 5.

LXXXIII. Filix arborea ramofa, fpinofa, caudice non divifo, pinnulis latis, denfts,
brevibus, tenuibus, minutim dentatis, Cat.p.zz. Tab. 56. An Filix Jamaicenfis
pralongis dr angujlis alis filipenduU accedentibus, pediculo fenticofo rubente. Pluke -
net. Almag. p. 156? Filix Jamaicenfis non ramofa , pediculo fufeo fpinofo, forhi
an cup aria pinnulis. Bob. hi ft. Ox. part. 3. p 578. Filix arborefeens, fpinofa, pin¬
nulis in fummitate ferratis. Plum. Tournef or t. Inf. p. 537.

This has a Trunc twenty Foot high, as big as ones Leg, (after the manner
of Palm-Trees) undivided, and covered with the remaining ends of the Foot'
Stalks, of the Leaves fallen off, which are dark brown, as big as ones Finger,
two or three Inches long, thick fet with fliort and lliarp prickles. At the
top of the Trunc, dand round, about five or fix Leaves, about fix Foot long,
having a purple Foot-Stalk, very chick befet with fliort, lliarp prickles on its

The Natural Hi (lory of Jamaica^

backfide; At about a Foot diftance from the Trunc, each Leaf is divided in¬
to Branches fet oppofite to one another, plac’d near the bottom, at about fix
Inches diftance from each other. The Branches are a Foot long in the mid¬
dle of the Leaf where longeft. The Twigs come out of the Branches al¬
ternatively, being an Inch and an half long, and about two thirds of an Inch
broad in the middle of the Branch where broadeft, being made up of Fin -
mtU about one third of an Inch long, and half as broad, blunt, eafily in¬
dented about the edges, of a dark green colour above, pale green below,
very thin, and fo clofe fet to one another that there is no defeeft or empty
fpace between them.

It grew in a Gully between Guanaboa, and St. Faiths, as alfo on Mount
Diablo in great abundance

The Specimen which Mr. Bobart faw of this Fern, was only a fide Branch,
fo that it is no wonder he calls it non ramofa.

From thefe Trees growing on the Mountains of Hifpaniola, the Spaniards
argued the fertility of that Soil, making Ferns grow to fuch a vaft big-
nefs, which in Europe were fo inconfiderable, not conftdering that the
Ferns in Europe and here, were quite different Kinds one from the other.

LXXXIV. Adiantum nigrum , ramofum, maximum , foliis feu pinnulis , obtufis ,
varie fed pulcherrime ft nu at is & dentatis. Cat. p. zz. Tab, Fig. I, & z.
Lonchitis altiffma, gloluligera, minor. Vlum.Tournef Infi.p. 538.

This rifesfour or five Foot high, having a fmooth, reddifh brown, ffiining
Stalk,as big as ones Finger, which is divided into Branches alternatively, going
out of oppofite iides of the Stalk, having Twigs, thick fet with PinnuU or
Leaves, after the manner of Adianthum Nigrum Off. J. B, Thefe Pinnule are
thick, blunt, varioufly finuated, or deeply cut in on the edges, efpecially on
their upper Tides, and indented ab >ut their round ends, fomething like the
Filicula fontana major, five adiantum album filicis folio. Pin. of a dark green
colour, and fhining on the upper fide, and below, having its Seed lying
in round ferrugineous Spots, efpecially near the greater finuations by the
edges.

It grew on the Tides of Mount Diablo very plentifully.

LXXXV. Adiantum nigrum, ramofum, maximum, foliis feu pinnulis obtufis te-
nuibus, regular iter minutijfime & pulcherrime fittis. Cat. p.zz. Tab. 57. Fig. 3.

This had a Stalk of the fame bignefs, heighth, and colour, covered with
a rufty duft. The Branches and Twigs were likewife the fame, only the Pin -
nuU or Leaves were thinner, deeplier, and more regularly cut in on the edges,
of both fides, having no finuations, being of a dark green fhining colour
above, underneath of a paler, where are fmaller round ferrugineous Spots,
in which lies the Seed.

It grew with the former, and on the Banks of Rio d' Oro , and Orange Ri¬
ver going to St. Maries, in the North fide.

LXXXV I. Adiantum ramofum [can dens, pinnulis feu foliis, oblongis, prof unde
laciniatis, pellucidis. Cat. p.zz. Tab. 58. An Filix fcandens adiantho Narbonenfi
fimilis Jamakenfis. Plukenet. Aim. p.156 > Adiantum Jamaicenfe ramofum & pel-
lucidum, pinnulis anguflis crebrioribus ut plttrimum pelt at is, apic e filament ofo e me¬
dio exeunt e. Bob. hifi. Ox. part. 3. p. 589. An Adiantum fcandens, foliis tenu -
iff me feffis & retufis. Plum. Tcurnef Infi.p. 543 f

This has a Stalk not fo big as a Goofe-Quill, roundifh, black, covered
towards its top with a ferrugineous Mofs, and having very many Fila¬
ments or Clavicles, by which it takes firm hold of the Barks of the Trees,
and rifes to fifteen or twenty Foot high, turning its felf round. At every

Inches

The Natural Hijiory of Jamaica.

Inches diltance, it puts forth Leaves about a Foot long having about
two Inches of their Foot-Stalk naked. This Foot-Stalk afterwards divides
its lelf into Branches, lomecimes fet oppofite to one another, but moftlv
alternatively : the Branches have their Twigs, on which grow the Pinnule
or Leaves, being long, deeply cut in on the edges, very thin, pellucid,
of a yellowilh green colour, having fame dark opaque Ribs running through

them, and a woolly Hair on them, and the Seed on the ends of their
Segments in a little Cup.

It grows on the Truncs of the larger Trees on Mount DM, and Ar-
chers Ridge. *

r)Z 1S very plain that this is not the Adi mt hum Petr. turn perpufillum Anglicum
felus bijidts vel trtfidis Nerctoni. Raii hifi. p. 141. nor any of thofe Plants
concerning which Dr. Flukenet raifes doubts in his Mantiffa, p. y.

LXXXV II. Adiantum nigrum ramofum maximum, foliis feu pinnulis tenuibus,
longts, amts, fpinofis Cat p. zz. Tab. y7. Fig. 4. Filix ramofa Jamaicenfis cl
cut a major ts Joins, five adianti nigri vulgaris pinnulis amplioribas, Rob. hi ft. Ox.
4- An Filix ramofijfimacicuta foliis. Tournef. Inft.p. 527 ^

This rifes three Foot high, having a reddilh coloured fmooth Stalk, di-
vided at one Foot and a half from the Ground into feveral Branches, having
their Twigs, and they their F innuU or Leaves, after the manner of the Adi-
antum Nigrum Officin. J. B. only they are longer, thinner, lharper at point
having there a very little prickle, as well as others, much fmaller (Co as
to be scarce diicernible,) along their Margin, where are no incifures or very
imail ones. They have on their back parts, many round, rufty Spots after
manner of the other Ferns. J r ’

It grew on Mount Diablo very plentifully,
or VinluU0^1^^ apale §reen colour> with almoft pellucid thin Leaves

This cannot poffibly be the Filix Afric ana florid* fimilis , &c. Flukenet ,
Alm.^p. 156. Phyt. Tab. 181. Fig. 5. as that Author doubts in his Mantiff.

. LXXX VIJL Adiantum nigrum ramofum majus, foliis feu pinnulis tenuibus , lon¬
gts, acutis, fpinofis. Cat. p. 23. Filix Jamaicenfis ramofa adianti nigri pinnulis an -
guft tor thus. Bob. hifi. Ox. part. 3. p. 584.

The Root of this was knobbed, and had many blackilh Thongs run from it
into the Earth to receive its Nourilhment. It differed only from the former
in bigneis, and fo perhaps may be only a variety. Of this I have feveral
Samples differing in bignefs and colour.

They grew on Mount Diablo with the preceding

LXXXI X. Adiantum nigrum ramofum minus, pinnulis minor thus , tenuibus, obtu-
fis, crenatts. Cat p. 23. Tab 54. Fig. z. Filix Jamaicenfis humilior acuta alarum
pinnulis inferior thus, brevioribus. Bob. hifi. Ox. part. 3. p. 776.

This is about the ordinary bigneis of the Adiantum Nirrum Officin. J. B.
has a whitilh or pale grem Foot-Stalk , the F innuU or fmall Leaves lef-
ler, thinner, and not cut in on the edges, being not fo (harp, and with¬
out thofe fmall prickles the precedent Kind has. It has a fmall creeping
Koot, like that of Polyp odium, with hairy fibrils, by which it draws its Nou-
nlnment, and fometimes comes to be a Foot high.

I found it grow with the others.

C c

XC. Adi an «

98 The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

XC. Adiantum nigrum ramofum minus, r mulls fur cults & pinnulis raris, mini -
mis, fuhrotundis. Cat.p.z 3. Tab.13. Fig. z.

This rifes to nine Inches high, having black Stalks at coming out of the
Earth, covered with a rutty Mofs, having Twigs towards the top, coming
out at near an Inches diftance from one another, fet oppofite for the molt
part. On thefe come the PinnuU , not frequently, but rarely plac’d, being
the fmallett of any of this Kind, leaving a confiderable defe<tt between
each other, being varioufly finuated or cut in on the edges, fb that
they appear divided into PinnuU, making it ramofe, and of a dark green
colour.

It grew amongft fome Rocks below the Town of St-Jago de la Vega, near
the River.

XCI. Adiantum five capillus Veneris. J.B. Faii hifi. p. 147. Cal. p. 23:

This was brought from Jamaica by James Harlow, and given me by
Dr. She rar d. It ought to have been among the Ferns that are not ramofe.

XCII. Adiantum nigrum majus, ramofum, coriandri folio. Cat. p.z$. Adi an-
turn fruticofum coriandri folio Jamaicenfe, pediculis foliorum politiore nit ore ni -
gr leant ibus, forte adiantum fruticofum Brafilianum. Pluken. Almag. p. 1 o. Ph)t.
Tab. 2J4. Fig. 1. An Adiantum fruticofum AEthiopicum pinnulis amplis, fuhro¬
tundis, fuperne dentatis, media p inn arum parte petiolis infidentihus. Fit fid. Aim.
p. 10. Phyt. Tab. 253. Fig* z ? Adiantum vulgar i fimile dr ramofijfimum. Plum.
Tournef. p. 543 ?

This rifes two or three Foot high, having a ftrong, black, very polite,
and ihining Stalk, branch’d out at unequal intervals alternatively. Thefe
Branches have Twigs fet alternatively with PinnuU or Leaves, in Foot-
Stalks, fhape, colour, bignefs, thinnefs, feed, incifures, <&c. agreeing ex¬
actly with the Adiantum foliis coriandri, C.B. only this is ramofe or branch’d,
and is much larger and taller.

It grew on the fiaes of a fliady woody Gully, beyond Troopers Quarters,
and in other great Woods of this Ittand, and in Bermudas.

XCIII. Adiantum nigrum, ramofum, maximum, foliis major ibus Trapezii in mo -
dum figuratis. Cat.p.z 3. Tab. 59.

This was much larger than the former, having a very black and polite
Stalk, iliining, rifing three or four Foot high in Branches and Twigs exa&ly
like it, the PinnuU were as to colour, thinnefs, feed, &c. exatttly the fame,
only they were of the figure of a Trapezium, and twice or thrice as large,
and very little cut in on the edges, where on the two Tides, making the
Angle oppofite to the Petiolus, were the Seeds in a ferrugineous Welt.

It grew in the more inland large Woods of this Ittand.

This is deferibed by Mr. Bob art. hifi. Ox. part.-y. p. 587. under the Title
of Adiantum ramofum foliis trapezii dentatis , Plum.

XCIV. Filix ramofa maxima fcandens, ramulis raris, pinnulis crebris, latis ,
brevilus, oltufis. Cat.p.z 3. Tab. 60. Filix ramofa Mai abaric a, alis integris, al¬
ter nis & acutis rotundius crenatis p ar a-p anna-mar a-var a, H. M. Bob. part. 7. hifi.
Ox. p.5 83.

This had a Stalk as big as ones Thumb, applying its felf to the Truncs
of Trees, and taking fall hold of their Barks, like Ivy, by means of many
Fibrils and Clavicles it ftrikes therein, rifing by this means fifteen or twenty
Foot high, and being covered over with a rutty coloured Mofs, as molt
Ferns are. About five or fix Foot from the Ground, it has Leaves going

out

The Natural Hijlory of Jamaica.

99

out of oppofite fides of the Stalk, being five Foot long, and branch’d a
Foot from its beginning, the Foot-Stalk and Branches being of a gray colour,
covered with a rufty Mofs. The Branches come out alternatively, at two*
Inch’s difiance afunder, thofe next the Stalk or undermoft, being the largeft
and Jongeft. The Twigs have their Pinnule, which are large, whole, broad,
obtufe, frequent, leaving fear ce any empty or void fpace between them, be¬
ing cut in to the very middle Rib, on the undermoft Branches, but on the
upper join’d to their ends almoft, and of a fliining green colour.

It grew in the inland Woods on the Roads fide betw eetiGuanaboa and Colo¬
nel Bourdens Plantation, on the fide of Mount Diablo , and Archers Ridge
very plentifully.

Whether this be really differing otherwife than in magnitude from the
Filix non ramofa fcandens finnulis, &c. is to me doubtful, this being delcribed
for that by Mr. Bobart. ’Tis really ramole.

XCV. Filix ramofa major , cattle fpinofo, foliis feu finnulis rotundis, fro funds
laciniatis , feu cerefolii foliis. Cat. f. Tab. 6 i. Filix ramofa Jamaicenfis fu-
maria foliis, fediculis dr rachi medio aculeatis Plukenet. Aim. p. 156. Ea-
dem non fpinofa Uvis Ejufd. ibid. Bob . hifi. Ox. fart. 3 . f. 5 8 4.

This has a long Root like Polypody, towards the top covered with fer-
rugineous Hair or Mols, at the bottom of which are feveral Filaments or
Threads of a dark brown colour. From this Root rile feveral Foot-Stalks
cornered on one fide, and round on the other, of the bignefs of a Swans-
Quill, of a gray colour. This Stalk is thick fet with fhort fliarp prickles,
as well as the Branches, which go out oppofite to one another, at fix Inch's*
diftance, the Stalk rifing three or four Foot high. The Branches have their
Twigs let alternatively. On which are the Pinnule or Leaves, being roundifh,
and very deeply cut in on the the edges, after the manner of Chervil,
to which it is like, being of a yelloWilh green colour, having the Seed
in little Spots on the ends of the Segments of the back fide of the
Leaves.

It grew near the open Ground by Rio £ Oro, near Mr PhilpoB s Plan¬
tation.

XCVI. Filix ramofa major, finnulis crebris , brevibus, latis, obttifis, fab rotundis.
Cat f. 23. Filix Jamaicenfis feu polypodium Ci cut aria lati folia* faetidiffimx foliis
quodammodo conveniens, finnulis amflis, mucronatis, circa margines, ferris latiuf cults
profunde finuofis. Plukenet. Aim ag. p. 15-3. Phyt. Tab. 189. Fig. 4. Filix non
ramofa major Jamaicenfis, lobis long/S quercinis folyfodii divifura. Bob. hifi. Ox.
fart. 3. f.y 74* Forte, Filix arborefeens caudice fpinofo, ramofa, alts latis mucrona¬
tis, folyfodii divifura, Ejufd. hi fi. Ox. fart .3. f. 583.

The Root of this Fern is roundifh, large, having a great many black fi¬
bers, and its top covered with a reddilh Mols or Hair, as well as the Stalks at
their beginning. They rife to be two or three Foot high, being light coloured
green, having Branches rarely plac'd at two Inches diftance, for the molt
part oppofite to one another, tho fometimes alternatively. The lovvermoft
Branches are the largeft, being divided into two Inch long Twigs, like Oak
Leaves, whofe Pinnule or little Leaves, are at the undermoft divifions
longer than the others, being fet on to the very Twig and indented ; but on
thofe above broad, Ihort, obtufe, whole, and for the mod part united al¬
moft to the very ends, fo that I was very much in doubt whether I Ihould
not call this whole Twig an indented Pinntda, and reduce this to the
not ramofe Kind, It has very many ferrugineous Spots on the back-fides of
the Leaves.

There

I o o The Natural Hi (lory of Jamaica.

There is a variety of it in the broadnefs of the Twigs, and fo confe-
quently of the PinnuU.

It grew in the Woods by the Crefcent Plantation, and in all the inland
Woods of this Ifland.

This is not the Filix Jamaicenfs foliis feme l fubdivifs, pinnulis ohtufiorilas
cofltt adnafcentibus , forbi aucuparta quodammodo refer entibus. Plukenet. P bp. Tab.
291. Fig. 1. as Dr .Plukenet conjectures in his Mant. p. Bo. but is that fi¬
gured by him, Tab. 289. Fig . 4. as is apparent to any body that compares
their Figures and Defcriptions.

XCVII. Filix ramo fa major, pinnulis longis, acutis, raris, falcatis. Cat. p.z 3.
Filix non ramo fa Jamaicenfs pediculo albicante alts marrubii aquatici fere divifu-
ris quarum pinnuU a ter go line a candidiffima afpergine con fata & per ambit um
duEla crenata funt. Plukenet. Almag.p.i 53. Phyt.zy o. Fig. 2.

This has a Stalk rifing about three Foot high, as big as ones Finger, of a
pale green colour, and finooth, being at about a Foot’s difiance from the
Ground, divided into Branches fet alternatively, about a Foot long. On
which at about an Inches diftance from one another, alternatively are plac’d
the Twigs, being about nine Inches long, and made up of PinnuU about
an Inch long, crooked or falcated, from their Bafe, where they are for a
little united, and broadeft, decreafing by degrees, ending in a point or
fpinula, being falcated or crooked, having a defeat between each other,
of a light green colour on the upper fide, and underneath having a fer-
rugineous Welt below its edge, wherein lies its Seed. The Leaves are fome*
what indented before the Seed makes a welt, which inclines me to believe
this to be the fame with F. Plumiers Filix latifolia dentata & adlacimas mcl-
liter aculeata.

It grew in the inland parts of this Ifland.

The Powder on the-back fide of the Leaf is commended by ?ifo in ill
Ulcers.

XCVIII. Filin ramofa major , hirfuta, ramulis raris, pinnulis afplenii, foil ere -
iris , latis, brevibus , fubrotundis , non dent at is. Cat. p. 2$. An Filix Jamaicenfs
ramofa , ptdiculis Mufcofis, pinnulis rarioribus, dentatis. Plukenet. Almag. p. 155 ?

This has many Stalks rifing from the fame Root, to be about two Foot
high, being each of them as big as ones Finger, very hairy, and at about a
Foot from the Ground, divided into Branches, the lowermofi whereof are
about nine Inches long, fet almoft oppofite to one another. They have
Twigs more than an Inch long, fet alternatively, being made up of broad,
fliort, for the molt part whole, though fometimes, eafily notch’d PinnuU or
Leaves, which are roundifh at their ends, often united for fome fpace by
their edges, of a pale green colour, being not only in its Stalks, Branches,
and middle Ribs, but all over covered with a whitifh, firong, fhort hair,
diftinguifhing it fufficiently from all others akin to it.

It grew by the Banks of Rio d’ Oro, near Mr. Pbilpofs Plantation between
fixteen Mile Walk, and St. Maries in the North fide.

XCIX. Filix ramofa minor, hirfuta , ramulis raris, brevibus, pinnulis fubrotun¬
dis, felii apice radices agente. Cat. p. 24. Filix non ramofa, pediculo birfuto ccri-
andri foliis Americana, Plukenet. Almag. p. 153. Pbp . Tab. 284. Fig. y. Filix
minor Jamaicenfs pediculis villofs , alis amplioribus eppoftis qucrcinis. Bob. hifl.
Ox. par to 3. p. 576. An Filix villof a pinnulis qucrcinis. Tournef Inf. p. 537 ?

The Root of this was tuberous and knobby, having many two or three
Inches long fibrils, and was covered with a hairy ferrugineous Mofs, from
whence rofe three or four Stalks nine Inches, or a Foot high, being very

fiend er.

The Natural Hiftory 0/Jamaica. i o

(lender, of a brownifh red colour, and having much hairy Mofs, of the fame
colour, on them. The Ramuli are fomewhat like an Oak Leaf, rarely placed
oppofite to one another, at about an Inch’s diftance, being fhort, viz. not an
Inch long. The PinnuU or Leaves are very few, broad, and roundifh,
fomewhat rough or woolly, and have fo me ferrugineous round fpots or
Seed by which it is propagated. Befides this way of Propagation, it
has another, which is, that the end of the Leaf leaning on the Ground, takes
Root, and grows into another Plant, after the manner of the Stalks of
the common Rubus.

It was brought from Jamaica by James Harlow, a Gardener fent thither by
Sir Arthur Rawdon, and from him communicated to me by Dr. Sherard.

This is not the Adianthum, feu filix trichomanoides Jamaicenfis , finnulis au-
r iculat is dentatis, &c. Plukenet. Aim. p. 9. Phyt. Tab.z 53. Fig. 4. as that Au¬
thor fuppofes in his Mantiffa , p. y. but his Filix non ramofa fediculo hirfnto ,
&c. Phyt. Tab. 284. Fig. 5. as may eafily appear to any who will take the
pains to compare their Defcriptions and Figures

C. Filix ramofa major , ramulis raris, cx adverfo fitis, finnulis afplenii , fcil.
crebris, latis, brevibus, fubrotundis, non dentatis. Cat. f 24 Tab. 6z,

This Fern was about two Foot high, it had a brown Stalk, which at fix
Inches diftance from the Ground, was divided into Branches, fet oppofite to
one another both at bottom, and towards the top, at two Inches diftance from
each other. The undermoft Branches, or thefe neareft the Root were longeft,
being about five Inches long, on which were plac’d about an inch long Twigs,
made up moftly of four pair of PinnuU , which were united together for a
little way, fhort, broad, whole, of a dark green colour, and aimoft round,
(o that each Twig look’d fomething like a fhort Leaf of Afplenium.

It grew in the Inland woody parts of this Ifland.

This is not the Filix Jamaicenfis foliis femel fubdivifis , fyc. Plukenet. Aim.

x53* Tab. 291. Fig. 1. as that Author conjectures in his Mantiff.
p. 80.

Cl. Filix foemina feu ramofa major, finnulis anguflis , obtujis , non den¬
tatis, impart furculum terminante longijftma. Cat. p. 24. Filix foemina ra-
mojifjima Jamaicenfis, pinnula alas c Undent e longijftma. Plukenet. Almag. p. 156.

This is very like the Filix foemina , Ger. or the ramofa major finnulis obtujis,
non dentatis, C. B. having a reddilh brown, fmooth, Ihining Stalk, rifing
three or four Foot high, the Branches ftanding fometimei oppofite, fome-
times alternatively, on which are plac’d the T « igs, along which are fet, after
the fame manner, the Pinna, or Leaves. They are narrower, having a void
fpace between them, and are more rarely placd than thofe of the Filix fce-
mina, Ger. being long, harfh, of a dark, or dirty green colour, at the end
of each Twig having one odd Pinnula, twice as long as any of the fide ones.

It grew in the inland Savannas of this Ifland.

I am apt to believe this to be what Lery means by Feugiere, this being fo
like our ordinary Filix foemina, as to impofe on mod people, making them
believe it the fame, and he reckoned likewife that his Feuzkrc of Brafile was
the fame. »

CII. Filix foemina feu ramofa major, finnulis anguflijftmis rariffmifqne. Cat.
f. 24. Tab. 6 3. Filix foemina ramoffftma Jamaicenfs pinnula alas claudente
longijftma, finnulis anguflioribus. Plukenet. Aim. p. 156.

This rifes to about five Foot high, having a very ftrong Stalk, cornered,
as big as ones Finger, of a black colour at bottom, and reddilh green a-
bove, having Branches fometimes oppofite, fometimes alternatively, on

D d which

102

The Natural Hifiory of Jamaica.

which come the Twigs, which are befet with Pinna, much narrower than
any of this Kind, fo that there is a very large defed or empty fpace between
them, by which they may be eafily known from any other of this Kind.

This grew in the inland parts of this Wand in the Savannas.

CI1I. Filix feemina feu ramofa major, dichotoma pimulis lonchitidis, fell. lon~
a is, angufiis, non dent at is. Cat.p.zy. Filix Jamakenfis dichotomos feu ramis bn
fidis, feemina no Jl rat is pinnules ramojifjima. P lukenet. Aim. p. 1 56.

This Fern rofe to about feven or eight Foot high, having Stalks as big as
ones Finger, being fmooth, fhining, roundilh, of a reddifn green colour, al¬
ways divided into two Branches, Handing oppofite to one another, and
they into two Twigs Handing in the fame manner, which are for the tnoH
part about three Inches long, and made up of many Inch-long Pinna, join d
at their bottoms to one another by a narrow membrane running along the
Twig or middle Rib, and thence growing very narrow, they end bluntly,
leaving a very confiderable defed, or empty Ipace between them, and be¬
ing of a grafs green colour on the upper fide, and paler underneath. At
every one of the larger divifions of the Stalk Hand Twigs with / innss, as in
the tops of the Branches.

It grew in Jamaica on the Moneque Savanna, and in going down Mount
Diablo thither.

It was obferved in Martinique by F. Plumier. I find that it grows likewife
in China by a Draught of it taken from the Life in that Country, and given
me by Mr. James Cuningham.

Chap. IV:

Of Herbs with grajfie Leaves.

HErbs with graffie Leaves and left perfed or Stamineous Flowers
which are Culmiferous, are divided into thole with large
Seeds, or Corns , and thofe with leder Seeds called Grajjes.
There are very few Corns here, the European Kinds not
ripening well : the others, as Rice, Guinea Corn of two forts,
and Maiz ripen very well, and give great increafe, efpecially the two latter,
but are the Food only of fome few of the meaner fort of People and
Cattle: Caffada Bread with Yams, and other Roots and Flower, coming from
other parts where Wheat is plentiful, being the chief SubfiHance of the In¬
habitants.

I doubted very much whether I fhould find in the American Wands any
Grades, at leaH in Plains as our Fields in Europe, but I found many graflie
Plains, and in them Kinds of Grades analogous to thofe of Europe , and two
which I could not find different from them. What the defign of Nature was
in their Production feems hard to difeover, for in thefe idands they had
no large Fourfooted Beads but one, till Europeans landed there, unlefs it
be faid that as Corn with greater Seeds are for Man's Nourifhment, fo thefe
were appointed for the Food of Birds and Infeds, which feed on them and
their Ripe Seeds.

Grades are well divided into thofe fpiked or panicled, which are made up
of many Spikes ; of the fird there are fome few, whereof that Paniceum
fpica divulfa feems to belong to the Panicled.

The

4i

— -- _

The Natural Hijlory ^Jamaica. 103

The panicled contains under them the Reeds, which are large GralTes, the
Gramina 1 [chant a, or dattyla, which are the mod numerous and bell feeding
Grades here, being that of which their Failures are for the molt part full!
Of this there are two Kinds, one whofe feveral Spikes making up the Pa¬
nicle, take their beginning from the tops of the Culmi, as from their com¬
mon Centre, which is common to all of this Kind, which have been known
hitherto; but the other Kind which I call Panictda longa is new in all its
Species, none of them, or at lead very few having been in Europe, or taken
notice of before as fuch, their Spikes taking their beginning one over ano¬
ther at the upper endfof the Culmus , and not juft at the top, being fome-
what like thofe European Grades, called Gramma panicea , [pica divifa.

Thole Cyperus-Grades which are very large, or have fparfe Panicles, I call
Cyperi, and thofe remaining, with triangular Stalks, Grdmina cyperoidea , and
between them and Rulhes I have put two by the names of June us Cyperoidcs,
becaulethey feem to partake of both Kinds, having a tuberous fweet fmellino1
Root, no Leaves, a Sheath like Ruihes inclofing the under part of the
Rulh, and above fome foliola, a Panicle or Spike at top, like thole of the
Cyperi or Cyperus Grades, and this is alio a new Kind.

The word Spike is here taken for a dngie Head, not branched into fe¬
veral Panicles.

I. Oryza, Rail hi ft. 1240. Cat. p. 2,4. Ind. Or. part. 6. p. 83. Worm. Mu[. p.
15-0. Nieuhof p. 86. Mir and. Sin. & Eurcp.p. 880. Muf.Swammerd.p. I 3. De
F lac curt. p. 114, De Marini. p.y6. De Feynes.p.ioj. & 141.

This Grain is lowed by fome of the Negro’s in their Gardens, and fmall
Plantations in Jamaica, and thrives very well in thofe that are wet, but be^
caufe of the difficulty there is in leparating the Grain from the Husk, ’tis
very much negle&ed, feeing the ufe of it may be fupplied by other Grains,
more eadly cultivated and made dt for ule with lefs Labour.

Rice is the commoneft of all Grains, in molt of the warm Countries and
Iflands in the Eaft- Indies, from whence it has gone into fome Countries and
Idands of the fame temperature in the Weft-Indies as may be more particu¬
larly gathered from the Writers mentioned in my Catalogue. But the Bay of
Bengale is the place where moft grows, and whence molt of that ufed in Gsa,
Malabar , the Moluccas and Sumatra comes, lo that if the Vedels mifcarry from
thence their Inhabitants differ Famine.*

It is fown in Marlh Land, that is very moift or overflowed with water
or fteeped eight days in the River in Paniers, faccording to Cauche) and the
Earth is plowed or trodden with Oxen, that it appears Mud ; if there be
no Water in the Grounds where ’tis fown, they water it as Albert tells us they
do, every forty hours, in Egypt, Duart de Meneftes about Sofala, and the
Writers of China tell us they do there by artificial Channels. When it is
reap’d they put it into Stacks, and then in moft places beat it out of the
Husk by Peftles and Mortars, and Winnow it, or clear it in a Hand- Wood-
Mill (Louberc tom. 1. p 51.) or tread it out by Oxen in a large hard Floor
by Buffaloes drove round fo as they may tread on it all. Dampier cap. 1 3.
Manddfto fays, p. 166. that in Japan they keep it in the Ears, and beat it otic
as ufed, drying it over night in the Chimney Corner in bundles, and next
morning beating it out clean in a Mortar.

It is in feveral Countries manag'd by a feveral way, fometimes if too
thick, in coming up ’tis planted thinner, and Le Comte fays ’tis in China
planted in Sheafs or Bundles, the better to rcfift the Winds

It is ufed for Food in moft Countries where it grows, tis boiled in water,
and fo ufed as Bread, and is likewife mixed with Milk, Broath, &c. and
made into many kinds of Mefles.

There

The Natural Hijlory of Jamaica.

There is alfo made of it a Drink or Wine, for which it is boiled, and
then fet a working, and from thence is diftilled a vinous inflammable inebri¬
ating Spirit, called Arack, as aifb of it is made a Vinegar, as many Writers
tell us. \

To make Leven for this Rice Drink, in Japan they chaw Rice-Meal and
Spit it into a Pot, Mandeljlo p . 1 66. who likewife adds, that to make the
Wine they add to the Rice fome Honey or Sugar. Id. p. 1 56.

Rice, either in Subftance or Deco&ion, is thought to be an extraordinary

Adflringent or Binder.

The Meal of it {trowed on the marks left by the SmalLpox, helps
them. C B.

The Deco&ion is good againft the Poifon of Arfnick, Quick-Xjme, or

Cantharides. id. ,

Riolan fays the Husk of it is poifonous, and the Flower very ill imelld.

J.B.

If. Milium Indicum arundinaceo caule granis flavefeentihus Herm. Cat. p. 425".
An Ampembe de Flacourt. p. 1 1 8 ? Mengreli* milium Te&zag. p. 68 ? Guinea
Corn of D ampler, cap. 3. An Milium Indicum [acchariferum altijfmum [emine
ferrugineo Breyn. prod. 2. p. 72 ? An Milium Indicum arundinaceo Caule Jtmine
fufeo glumis fplendentibus atris. Plukenet. Almag. p. 2.50? Milium Indicum ,
pan icula [par [a ere 61 a. Tournef. Inft. p. 5 1 5 ?

This rifes to eight or nine Foot high, has a hollow reddiih coloured Cut -
mas, or Stalk, jointed at every nine Inches diltance, every joint having a Leaf
by its Foot-Stalk inclofing the internodium to the next joint, being gratfie.
a Foot long, and Inch broad near the joint, whence it decreales, ending in a
point, having a white middle Rib. Sometimes fome (inaller Spikes come
out, ex alls foliorum, near the top } but that on the top is an oblong, round-
ilh Head, (even Inches long, and three broad, near as big as ones Fift,
having many final! Branches, or Strings very dole compacted together, on the
Tops of which come in Follicles, yellow Stamina, as in others of this Kind,
and to them follows in two brown Follicles, a round Seed of a whitilh
yellow colour, not fo big as that fort of Barley call’d commonly Pearl Barley.

It is planted every where in Jamaica for Provifion, yielding very great in-
creafe.

It is thought to Nourifh little, and to be Adflringent as Rice.

It is dry, and is good in Dy fonteries. Cakes are made of its Flour. In
Corey a it feeds Pigeons, and in Sicilia fire-wood is made of its Stalks. C. B.

It is Town at a Foot diftance, three or four Grains into a hole.

The Figures and Defcriptions of Sorgum in moft Authors, agreeing with
this, was the occafion of my putting that in my Catalogue for a Synonimous
name, although I am fure that one fort of the Italian Sorgum, (which has a
white Seed that is flat, and the Panicle as it were comprefled or flat,
whereas that of this has a Panicle Handing out on all Tides, J is really differ
rent from this.

III. Panicum Indicum [pica longijjima. C. B. Tbeat.Bot. p.52 3. pin.p. 2.7. Cat.
p. 26.

This differs not from the precedent, fave in that the Head or Spike is a-
bove a Foot long, being largeft at bottom, where it may be about three
quarters of an Inch Diameter, tapering to the top. It has lefler Grains or
Seeds than the former, many of them being fet on the fame common Foot-
Stalk inclofed in gluma, and thofe fet fo clofe together, that it makes an
even Surface, and appears like the common Typha F alufiris.

The Natural Hi ft or y 0/Jamaica.

It is to be met with in feme Negro’s Plantations, though not fo com-

monly as the former. &

It came from Guinea, and Perroquets fed on it by the way Cluf.

Johannes Leo fays that this fort of Grain makes Bread, is ufed to be
boiled in Milk, and to feed Birds.

IV. Frumenlum Indicum Map diOum, C. B. Cat.f.z6- Frumentum Tmcicum
Duran, f.6 8. & I ii. Man Amcricmr. Cent out. f. i. Bled ie Turquie de Flacourt
f.ixj. Millet ou hied de Turquie de But. f. 3,4. Gw mil, mats ou bled d'e
TiiFquie de Roche f. Tahl. p. 48. T dticum Turcicum muf. Swammerd.p. 1?. Corn
and Maiz of Dampier, An Mill de Mair p. 80, 84, 101, (ft 126 ? Mays
grams aureis, albicantibus , vtolaceis, fpadiceir, nigricantihus, rubris. Idem l pica
albo-jpadicea, rubro-fpadicea, aurea dr alba, albapunttis fpadiceis not at a, alba-vio -
lacea punctis jpadiceis notata, albo lutea violaceis punffis dr c anile is notata, albo

lutea rubris punttis notata, rubra nigra dr fpadicea, c sir idea lutea violacea eft alba
Journef. Inft.p. 5-31.

This is every where planted, and gives feveral Crops, every year ripening
three times, or in four months after planting.

^ *s feveral forts, being the Grain is fometimes yellow, dark red
or whitifh, drc. which, becaufe I have feen feveral of them on the fame
otalk , I take to be only varieties. The bell enumeration of thefe va¬
rieties is in T tbernemont anus's Hidory of Plants, and Mr. Tourneforfs Infli-
tutiones. J

The Indians ufed to grind the Grain between Stones, and it was thought
Wholelomer in America than >yheaten Flour. It increafes mightily, every
Spike having many Seeds, though not fo many as Abbeville tells us, who
lays that every Grain has in two months and an half, or three months •
four five, or fix Stalks, every Stalk fix or feven Spikes, and every Spike
*IX’ e^ic hundred Grains, and this three times a year.

This is the mod common and natural Grain in the Weft-Indies, and has
been from thence communicated to other parts of the World ; efpecially the
hotter parts of Afia, Africa and Europe, though it is found in very Northern
Countries of America naturally, and is able to endure great degrees of
Heat and Cold, as may appear to any one who pleafes to perufe the fe¬
veral paflages about it , mentioned in the Authors recited in my Cata¬
logue of Jamaica Plants. The bed account of its agriculture and ufe in the
hdies is given by Oviedo in his Coronka de las Tndias, lib . 7. cap. t. to this
purpofe. They ftlie Indians ) cut down and burn the Woods, (places where
Grafs grows, not being fo Fertile) whofe Afhes is as good as Dung. Indians
go a pace afunder, making holes in the Ground, and putting in four or five
beeds into every hole, covering it by the mould with their Feet, then going
a pace forward they do the fame. They deep it a day or two before, doing
this after Rain, the iliarp Stick entring eadly three or four Inches into the
karth. It is ripe in three or four months, or in Nicaragua in fix weeks ;
but then tis fmall, and not fo good as that of four months, that being done
by watering. They weed it, when it ripens Boys fit on Trees and Barbacoas
to preferve it from Parrots and Birds. The Spikes are guarded from the Sun
by Leaves, and are gathered when dry. Birds having Beaks like Parrots
deltroy it. In the Continent ’tis dedroy’d by Deer, Swine, Cats, and
Monkeys. It is harder in the Ides to keep, becaufe of the wild Kine,

^W11^e’ P &c‘ *rom fyTw. One Meafure gives in Crop from fix to one
hundred fold. The Indians eat it roded when young and tender, other-
wife give it their Cattle. In the main Continent it is ground in a hollow
Stone by a round one, as Painters do their Colours, with fome water. The
Pad made into Balls is wrap’d in one of the Leaves, and Boil’d or Roded,

E e and

The Natural Hiftory ej Jamaica.

and eaten whilft hot. Many forts of Cakes are made of it, the Bread will
not keep pad two or three days, growing mufty, and fpoiling the Teetli.
A Drink is made of it, and its Flour corre&s (linking water. All which he
knew, having cultivated it twenty years.

The Juice of the Stalks or top affords a kind of Honey or Sugar, and
they with the Leaves afford a fuffenance for Cattle, and materials for Indian
Baskets. The Indians made intoxicating Drinks of this at Mexico, and
other parts, before the Europeans knew them. This Grain was tranfplanted
from Braftle to St. Thomas by the Portuguefe, and from thence to Guinea .

It is bed preferv’d f om Weavilsinits Husk.

Iris now u fed many ways, Rolled before it be quite ripe, Raw made intb
Meal, into Cakes, or Boil’d, made into Mault or otherwise for Drink.

Jo. dos Santos a {Portuguefe Writer tells us how about Sofala they make it
into both Meat and Drink. But ’tis agreed upon that it affords very little
Nourifhment, and it hurts the Teeth, lb that it is feldom now ufod but by
Slaves, and as Food for Horffes, Cattle, and Poultry, lor upon it they
thrive very much. Formerly Harlot tells us one Man’s Labour in a day, in
twenty five Yards Square of Ground fed a Man for a year.

V. Gramen caninum maritimum fpicatum quantum C. B. Cat.p.zy. Gramen
can't nnm fpicatum foliis brevibus maritimum. Boh. hi ft. Ox. part. 3. p. 178. An
Gramen caninum maritimum fpicatum foliis angufiis longioribtts. Ejufd. ib >

I could not obfferve any difference between this Grafs defferib’d by Cafpar
Bauhine, and that here, it being only a little larger, which I take to be a va¬
riety from the Soil.

It grew every where by the Sea fide, creeping very far, and covering
large pieces of Ground.

The Vertues are the fame with thofeof the Gramen caninum. Park.

VI. Gramen fpica briza ftngulari , locuflis majoribus, villofis, purpurafeentilus.
Cat. />. 30. Tab. 6 4. Fig. r.

This has ffome (mail fibrous Roots from whence riffes a frequently genica-
lated comprefs'd Culmus upwards of two Foot high. It has hard, yellowifh
green coloured, narrow, nine Inches long Leaves, up to the top of the Stalk,
out of the Ala of which go Branches, on the tops of which (lands one com-
prefs’d Spike of about three quarters of an Inch long, made up of large,
yellow Chaff, hairy at the end, about fix or (even Locufla, pretty large, being
plac’d on each fide of the Spike, ffomething like thoffe of the Gramen fpica briza
majus C. B. prod, only the Glumaot locufla are larger, hairy, and there is but
one Spike on the top of each Branch, which as well as the reft of the Plant,
is inclining to a purple or red colour.

It grows in the Savannas, effpecially thole about Seven Plantations.

VII. Gramen paniceum maximum , fpica divifa, arifiis armatum. Cat. p. 30.
Panicum vulgar e, fpica mu/tiplici, longis arifiis Circumvallata. Tvurnef El.p 41 6.
Infi.p. 5 1 5. Scotch Grafs.

The Stalk or Culmus of this riffes ftraight up about four or five Foot
high, being ffometimes branched, and having ffeveral protuberant Joints, the
Internodium, or fpace between them, being fix Inches in length : it is as thick
as ones Finger, and is in part filled with a white ffpungy Subftance, at every
Joint r§ an arundinaceous Leaf, taking its beginning from the lower, and
covering the internodium to the next Joint, and there (lands out a graffie Leaf
a Foot long, and an Inch broad at the beginning, whence it tapers to the
end. The top or Spike is a Foot long, and is divided into feveral Spikes, a-
bout an Inch and an half long, each of which has a great many Seeds fet to

the

The Natural Hi fiery of Jamaica. 107

V _ _ — _ _ - _ n— — _ _ _ _ , _ . ,

the Spike very thick clofe to one another, without any Foot Stalk, lying
in a rough, pale green Husk or Follicle, having a half Inch long Aune,
or rough Arifta at its end, making it look fomewhat like to the Grain of
Barley.

It is planted iii moifl: Ground all over the Idand for Provifion for Cattle,
but grows wild, as I was inform’d, at Wague water, or Agua alt a in the North
fide, and in that part of Barhadoes called Scotland, whence the name. After
its being found very ufeful in Barbados, and had been there planted for
fome time, it was brought hither, and is now all over the Ifland in the
moifter Land by Rivers Tides, planted after the manner of Sugar Canes, by
burying the Culmus with a Joint, which ftrikes Root, and feldom milles to
profper, and to feed and fatten extremely Cattle of all forts, as well
Cows and Oxen for the 'Market, as Horfes and Cattle for Teams and
Riding. It is likely that this way of Agriculture might be ufeful in other
places, if rightly managed.

VIII. G rumen panic cum majus, [pica fimplici Levi, grant's petiolis infi deni thus*

Cat.p. 30. Tab. 64. Fig. 2.

This was very like the precedent, only feemed not quite fo large, the
Leaves were much Ihorter, being not over four Inches in length,, from its
beginning, where it was an Inch broad, tapering to the Iharp point, being
ftriated and graffie, of a blewifh pale green colour. The Spike at top was
about three Inches long, made up of many crooked, flrong Petioli, of about
an Inch long at the under part of the Spike, but not one quarter fo much
above, fo that the Spike is pyramidal, every one of thefe Petioli grows Jar-
ger at top, and fuflairts one Grain on its point, which is contained within
two Glumx floated, and like the foregoing, only the Ariftx are not fo long,
nor the Glumx rough, feeming only to differ from one of its Spikes, in having
a long Petiolus to every Grain.

I found it in Guanaboa, with Scotch Grafs, or the preceding.

IX. Gramen paniceum Jpica (implici Uvi. Rail hi ft . p. 1261. Cat . p. 30. Pa -
nicnm vtilgar e [pica fimplici & mollioti. Toiirncf- El.p. 416. In ft. p. 515.

I could not find any difference between the Plant defcrib’d by Mr. Rdy
and this here, therefore conclude it to be the fame.

It grew in the Savanna , between Black River Bridge, and the Town of
St. Jago de la Vega in great plenty.

X. Gramen paniceum minimum humi ftrdtum, [pica divisa mnticcL, fcliis varle-
gath . Cat. p. 30. Tab. 64. Fig. 3. An gramen ferpentarium ZeylanicUm Breyn.
fr.z.p.S 4?

This has feveral thready Roots, which united fend out very many two
Inches long, broad Grafs Leaves, fpread on every hand, lying on the Surface of
the Ground, and when young, being mark’d in feveral places with tranf-
verfe Lines or Fafcix of a brown colour, making it look very pleafant, which
when the Plant grows old, or is dry, are obliterated. From thefe Leaves
come many Stalks Or Culml, about three Inches long, confiding of fo many
reddilh Joints, with a Leaf to every one of them, the tops of which are about
an Inch long, and divided into feveral finall Spikes, of a pale green colour,
made up of many Ihining triangular Seeds, of a yellowilli colour, inclofed
in a pale green coloured Follicle or Chaff without Aurres, the Seed and
Husk lying clofe to one another by the Stalk, after the manner of the other
panic grades.

k grew in the Savannas about the Town of St, Jago dela Vega ,

X I. Grad

8 The Natural Hi (lory of Jamaica.

XI. Gramen echinatum maximum {pica rubra vel alba. Cat.p. 30. An Gramen
tribuloides fpicatum maximum Virginianum D. Doody Ejufd. Almag. p. 177?
An Gramen marinurn echinatum. D.Spragg. Raiihifi. p. 1918 ?

This Grafs has feveral two or three Inch long thready Roots, fending out
feveral Inch and an half long graflie Leaves, of a yellowilh green colour, from
the middle of which rife up feveral fix Inches long Stalks or culmi, being
jointed ; the Joints are three quarters of an Inch diftant one from the other,
at which are now and then Branches which are crooked, having Leaves, and at
the top an Inch and a half long Spike, of little Burs, or large roundifh prickly
Seeds, lometimesof a reddifli, and fometimes of a green colour. The Prickles
being long, flrong, and Iharp, Handing on every fide, having within them
fome oblong, large, flat whitifh Seeds. Of this there are of various bignefles.

From the Roots go fometimes reddifli, jointed Branches, on which at
the Joints grow tufts of fmaller Leaves, very thick fet alternatively making
this part of the Grafs creeping, have a different Face from the other eredh
I fuppofed this to have given occafion to Dr. Plukenet to mention and grave
it twice, as I have taken notice in my Catalogue p. 30. So that for ought
I knowthefe Grades may be the fame, notwithflanding what is faid by the
Doctor in his Mantijf. p. 96.

This is not properly an aculeated Grafs, becaufe the Leaves are no
utriculus, nor aculeated as that of Italy, but it has echinated Burs, as the
echinatum, with feveral Seeds in them.

It grows in all Plantations at all times, when there are Rains, as well in
Jamaica as the Caribbees.

It is very troublefome to Travellers on Foot, thefe fmall Burrs or echi¬
nated Seeds, flicking clofe to their Garments, efpecially their Stockings, and
pricking their Legs.

XII. Gramen maritimum echinatum procumbent culmo longiori & fpicis firigo -
fioribus. Cat.p. 30. Tab. 65. Fig. 1.

This had a fibrous Root, fending out many trailing, round, yellowilh,
crooked jointed Culmi, or Stalks, about a Foot and a half long, the Joints
being an Inch and an half diftant one from the other, at each of which is a
Leaf inclofing the internodium to the next Joint, as with a Sheath, being two
or three Inches long ; likewife green colour’d, harfh, fomething like the Cy-
perus Graffes. At the top Hands an Inch and an half long Spike, fet round at a
fhort interval from one another, with lefler fmall Burs, or roundilh echinated
Seeds, having on every fide of them feveral flrong, Iharp Prides, being
firft green, then of a Straw colour.

It grew on a fmall Ifland, called Gun Cayos, off of Tort-Royal Harbour.

The largenefs of the former feems to make it rather be the Gramen tribu¬
loides fpicatum maximum Virginianum, D. Doody, than this here delcribed, not-
withftanding what Dr. Tlukenet fays in his Mantijf. p. 96.

XIII. Arundc faccharifera, C.B. Cat.p. 31. Tab. 66. de Bouton, p. 8i. de Biet,
p. 336. de Marini, p. 58. de Feynes, p. 160. & 166. de Roche f. Tall. p. 58.
Canna, Saccharina de Nieuhcf. p. 89. Azucar de Ffquemeling, p. 58. Fare
de Flaccurt, p. izo.

This has a jointed Root with many Fibers, as other Reeds, fending up an
ufually eight or nine Foot long jointed folid Calamus, Culmus, or Stalk as big as
ones Thumb, or fometimes Wrift, according to the Ground in which it grows*;
the Joints are fometimes farther diftant from, and fometimes nearer one ano¬
ther, generally about four Inches long: the outfide of the Calamus is of a
yellowilh green colour, fmooth, fhining, and within is a white Fungous, or

rather

The Natural Hiflory 0/Jamaica.

1 09

rather fibrous fweer juicy Fuh. The Leaves, by their Foot-Stalks, or under
parts, inciofe the Camusot InternedD, and are broad, ofa lively yellowilh
giee.i colour floated and like the others of this kind, or thofe of Denar
At the top of the Stalk comes the Panicle, which is about two or three
Foot long being branch d from the bottom to the top, into many Spikes or
Branches about a Foot long each of which is fubd.v.ded mtofoalle
Twigs, which are jointed, eafily broken, having at every Joint alternative^
die Stamina and Seed, which are very final], and a great quantity of Dow!
or Tomentum, after the manner of other the Canes, only in this the TomlZm

flicks to the outfidc of the Locuft*, as at their Bafe, whereas in the others ’tis
contain d within them. Lucrs C1S

Sugar making is lo commonly known, and its Refining, that I fhali fav
nothmg of it, lave that Sugar is the Juice of the Cane boild into a Salt by the
help of what the Sugar-Makers call Temper. V

1 tried to Boil the Sugar-Cane Juice, without any mixture, to Sugar but

!vcT?U d ,i°t c?agulaCe’, kern’ or granulate into the form of Sugar, bfcaufe it
wanted what they, in the making Sugar, call Temper, which is made of al,
infufion of Wood- Allies and Quick-Lime, and which mull differ in quan¬
tity according to the Soil in which the Canes grow ^

Thefe Canes are planted in all the Lowlands of this Ifland, and never mifs
to thrive if placed where there is Rain, and the Soil rich and moift. They
feldom thrive or are good if planted on Hills, or in thofe Valleys where
Ram feldom falls. Marty tells us that, when he wrote, the Sug^r-Canes
in HtfpameD thrive extremely, growing as bigas ones Wrift, high as a Man
and putting twenty or thirty Stalks from the fame Root, whereas thofe of

SrShgu-VVol the” ’ f0thaC in th£year IJlS- thcre

The^'ld^c'a/e f°Uo denUt°~ *«/«/« do Bouton, p. 3z #

This riles to fifteen Foot high, it has a Stem or Cttlmus, about the thick-
nefs of ones Arm; being hollow, hard, and having very frequent lotos at

evfry J?- haVm§ a l’amt!on or Dupbngmt, it is covered with a Clay
coloured Skin, and remainders of the dry Leaves.- it has at the Joi„K

very long, narrow, fmall, dark green Leaves, like others of the Reeds
being very thick fet with Indentures, or Prickles on its Margin, making fr
rough downwards At Lome of the Joints, now and then, come out Branche
two or three Footlong, be fet with leffer Leaves than the former ; and "onto
times there are Tufts of fmaller, and narrower Leaves come out together at
the top, making a Jarge Bunch, and upon the top of ic is a Joint as fmall as
ones Finger, ftraight, Clay coloured, frnooth, and full of Pith, holding a

T C raffie °r d°Wn^ Paniclc’ ^like odier of Reeds,) whereof
all the opikes look one way.

k grows on ail Tides of the Rio Cohn, and in Marlhy Grounds.

r ,TheC^ne’ /pht, is made ufe of for Laths, and to makeup the walls or
Tides of Houfes with Mortar. v

mjjpf. tender tops of thefe Canes are cut into tranfverfe Bices pickled, and
made ufe of as other Pickles as the Bamboos in Erf-IndU are with # fetid*,
oalt, Vinegar, and Garlick Pickle. ,J

/C WaS ma^e uge °f in Brajile, when made hollow, viz.
cieai d 01 its Dtaphragmes, to carry water for Travellers.

1 am apt to believe Marcgrave deferibed this twice in his third Page,
under the name of Jataboca, and immediately after under the name of Uuba.

Z , an*j’ n?°^: Parc ot the year, has no Panicle, and then appears as
the Jataboca, having feveral Branches with Tufts of (mail Leaves but no

h r Panicle,

I 1G

«

Panicle, which it having another time of the year, may be his Uitba or A-
rUndo Sagittaria, but if his Defcriptions or Figures were more exadt, one
could tell better what to fay to them.

Indians make Arrows of them. Benz.

Du Terrte was miftaken in giving this the name of Rofeaux d' Efpagne. Sa¬
vages, who are pox d, ufe to mb themfelves over with the Allies of this
Reed to cure their Difeale.

The Paragons make their Arrows of Reeds, an Ell long, with Heads very
artificially framed of Flint-Stone. Hakl.p. 3- p. 75*- hut I believe they differ
from thele made of this Reed.

XY. Arundo alia gracilis, foliis e viridi casrulcis, locuflis minoribus. Cat .
p. 33. Tab. 67. The Trumpet Reed.

This puts forth Roots from every Joint, and fends up Stalks, or CuU
mi, they are round, hollow, jointed at every two Inches diftdnce ; of a
Clay Colour, and about the bignefs of ones little Finger. The Leaves
come from the Joints. Their Foot-Stalks, of under part, covers the
whole Inter no diuffi, and the Leaf nfes at the upper Joint where ’tis near
half an Inch broad, and tapers for more than a Foot in length, where it
ends in a Point of a blewilh green colour. The Stalks rife fourteen or
fifteen Foot high, the topis a Panicle of a Foot long, branch’d out into ma¬
ny rough Spikes, being a Foot long, (landing like thofe of other Reeds,
and containing, in a downy Matter, within Chaff, the Seed, fcarce di fc
cetnible, plac’d rarely on it, here and there of a light brown colour, in
every thing like thofe of the other Reeds.

They grow going to the Laguna above the Ferry, and in the Laguna
near Paffage Fort very Plentifully.

XVI. Gramen daclylon become foment oftm minus. Cat.p .33. Tab. 6 8. Fig.

This has feveral long, flrong, white, crooked Threads at bottom, to draw

its Nourillimcnt, from whence rife feveral harfli, narrow, nine Inch long
Leaves, having (harp Backs like the Cyperus Grades, and being reddifh
when dry. From the middle of tbefe rile feveral Culmi , or Stalks having
about three Joints, being a Foot and an half high, fwell’d at each Joint, and
having there Leaves fwelling and covering the Stalk a little way, out of the
Ala of which rifes, as out of an utriculus (after the manner of Gramen dacly-
lon Siculum, &c. Rail) a Email Fediculus, or Culmus, whofe Panicle is made up
of two Spikes, Handing on the top like a pair of Horns, as the other forts
of this Gramen daftylon bicorne , only they are fhorter, being not over three
quarters of an Inch long, having very much long, fofc very white Hair, or
T omentum, much finer and fofter than Cotton.

It grows on Palmetto Savanna , towards Sir Francis Wat fins oy feven
Plantations, on Lime-Tree Savanna very plentifully, and on a Savanna by
Mr. Batchelsrs Plantation going towards Black River, though rarely.

\

XVII. Gramen daclylon fpicis brevibus crafts plerutnque quatuor c rue if or mi ter
difpojitis. Cat.p .33. An Gramen ifebamon Malabarictm jpeciofius, longioribus ,
dr mucronat is foliis Plukemt. Rhyt. Tab. 300. Fig. ? Aim. p. 175 ? Mantiff.
p . 94.

It has a creeping Root, hoary Leaves, a Span long jointed Stalk, and at
the top four Spikes, for the moft part, each of which is thicker and fhorter
than any other of this Kind, being but half an Inch long, fometimes of a
reddifh, and fometimes of a white Colour, fet crofs ways, and in every
thing agreeing with Alpinus s Cut and Defcription, fo that I doubt not but
that ’tis exadfly the fame.

It

The Natural Htflory of Jamaica* 1 1 1

Ic has fometimes five or fix Spikes, or three, fo that I doubt whether it
may not be the fame with TeJlinghNs, gr. Stellat. sEgypf.

Jr grows every wl#ere by the" Way Tides, and in the Savinas.

The Root and whole Plant are boiled, and the Beco&ion uled in difficulty
ot making Water, the Stone, Womens Obftru&ions, &c. Bout.

The Seeds are very much ufed by thofe troubled with the Stone in their
Bladders or Kidnies- The decodHon of the Roots is ufed by thofe who are
taken with the Small-pox and Meades* or buffer Obdrucdions of the Mcnfcx
A Deco&ion of the Seeds, fomewhat bruifed, are good for the Petechia, and"
the whole Plant, efpecially the Roots, are ufeful in Wounds and Ulcers. ’ The
Root is cold and dry, and of fubde parts, aftd therefore its Decodtion is
ufed to promote Sweat. Alp.

XVIII. Gramen daft f on elatius fpicis plkr mis foment ofis. Cat.pt 33; Tab. 65.
Tig. 2. An Gramen daftjlum In die um fpicis villofis fubrubejeentibus. Bob. hj(l-
Ox. part. 3. p. 185 ?

This has a very {bong fibrous Root, broad Leaves of a pale yeljowjffi
green Colour, like thofe of Oats. The Culmus or Stalk is knotted, rifim
three Foot high, at the uppermod Joint it is divided fometimes into two tops’
the one being in Flower, the other not. Several Spikcs,wT. four, five or feven ■
come from the fame top or Centre, all hanging downwards, each is four
Inches long, and very hairy* downy or woolly. This Rands above mod
ther Grades in the Savannas.

It grows in the Savanna by two Mile Wood, and mod other Plains very
plentifully. 5 1

It is very certain that this is different from the Gramen digitatum hirfutufy*
J.B. which Dr. Plukenet thinks may be the fame widi it, * in his Mantif
?• 9 S- ' U°

XIX. Gramen daefykn procumbent, crajfum & v'iridius, culmo reclinate. Cat '
p. 33. Dutch Grafs.

This Grafs has a fibrous Root, from which fpring fcveral very green
Leaves and Stalks, as from a Centre, both lying along on every Tide on the
Surface of the Ground. The Stalk is one Foot long, the Spikes, at top
ufiially three or four very green, broad, and large, all coming from the top
of the Stalk. r

It grows by Highway Tides in low Grounds in Jamaica, as well as
Barbados.

It is adeemed the bed fatning and feeding Grafs Tor Cattle;

This bruifed in the Mouth, or chaw’d, and put to a bleeding Wound, dops
the Hem or hags. I Taw once a Black dop a bleeding Artery with it, 'which
Sympathetic Powder, and other Addringent Medicines would not do.

XX. Gramen daftylon fpicis gracilioribus plerumqu: quatuor crnci for miter difpo-
fit is* Cat.p.3 3. Tab. 6%. Fig.^. ‘ Jt

This has a deep fibrous Root, fhort and narrow Leaves, a jointed, crooked,
Render, white Foot and an half long Stalk, bearing for the mod part at top
four white Render Spikes, danding crofs ways, though fometimes they are

tnree, fix, or five in number. On them dand feveral Seeds contained in
two ear d Husks.

This is the mod ordinary Grafs in the Savannas. Its Stalks are there re¬
maining dry mod part of the year.

This is very diderent from che precedent Grafs wich Dr. Plukenet con-
je&ures in his Ikfantijfa. p. 94. to be the fame with it

XXL Gra-

I 12

The Natural Hi (lory 0/ Jamaica.

XXI. Gramtn daffylon bicorne refens, foliis latis brevibus. Cat. f. 33. Gramen

a n-Jum reDens Indicum fpica gemella Bob. hi f Ox. fart. 105.

"t" Z2 hat alomted Root, creeping, and linking ; fibers from the
Joints of the Root, as well as Stalk, where it touches the Ground, like the
It has broad and lhort Leaves. The Stalk is a Foot long, at
its^end having two Spikes (landing oppofite to one another, which are made
f Ovpral fmall flat Seeds lying imbricatim one on another the length
oF the is a variety, the Spikes of feme being much

gr0lfgrows Tn'1 moift low Grounds or Pattures in Jamaica, and mod of the
Caribes.

XXII. Gramen daSlylon bicorne Jpich purpnrafcentibus majm. Cat. p. 34. Tab.

6?Thif has a crooked repent Stem, the Grafs broad and fhorc the Stalk
fourteen Inches high, the Spikes, always two, (landing not (o horizontal,
but mote towards ! perpendicular than the precedent, like a pair of Horns,

with many purple or blackilh Stamina on them.

It groJs inHoles and Places, where water has flood in the Savanna^

This is not the Gramen parvum Gangeticum, &c. Tlukenet. Pnyt. Tab. 91.
Fig. (S^as he conjedlures in his Mantifi, p. 93- This appears by comparing
the Figures of his and this.

XXIII. Gramtn dallylon bicorm fpicis purpnrafcentibm minus. Cat.p .34. Tab.

68it^finevery thing like the immediately precedent, only in every refpea
fmaller, and ufually grows in the fame places.

XXIV. Gramtn daSylon bicorne minimum ariftis longis armatum. Cat. p. 34.

^This haffeveral very fmall white fibrils for Roots from which rife very ma-
ny rery Fmall! narrow, cap.llary, pale green Leaves, about an Inch long. From

the middle of thefe rife very (mall jointed FoundJ?1fe°rh^f",,aa^
two or three Inches high, having fo many Joints, each Join having a Leaf.
At the top Hands its Panicle, divided into two Spikes, like two Horns,
three quarters of Inch long, having a few Seeds, each of which has two

101 "ffou^iFin^Tmall Wood near the Banks of Rio-Cobre, below the Town
on the fame fide of the River.

XXV. Gramtn dattylon majus, pannicula longa, fpicis flurmis nudts crafts.

^This^has ftvertl'fibfous Roots from which rife many Leaves, inclofing the
Stalk, and one another of each fide with a hard lharp edge or back, being
about a Foot lone, very green, and fomething like the Cjptrus Gra es.
From the middlf of theie (being very many of thefe Leaves together
making a great TufO rifes feveral three or four Foot long, folid Stalks
or Culmi as big as a Hens Quill, having fo many Joints, and at every Joint
Tl eaf like the§ others below. The Panicle is a Foot long towards and at
the top divided into many fmall, three or four Inch long Spikes not only
at topPbut below it. Each of thefe has two rows of fmall, roundilh, com-
nrefs’d Grains Iving one way (the Back of the Spike being naked,) ir»

each of which contains within a Pa!c green o

The Natural Hi ft or y ^/Jamaica.

Seed^ HUSk' °r F°liicle' a comPr£fs’d> roundifh, pale, yellow, fhining

It grows in the Savannas near Mx.B at cjbe lofts Ho Life very plentifully,

XXVh Gramen datiylon, akpecuroidis facie, pannicula longiffima e fpicis plu¬
rimis toMentofts con ft ante. Cat. p. 3. Tab. 70. Fig. i . r

This rifes t° about four Foot high by a jointed Culms, whofe Leaves are
graflie, of about a Foot long, with a proportionable breadth. At top it has
a Panicle appearing to be a Spike of about a Foot long, it is made up of
many Spikes, fome of them upwards of an Inch long, rifing from all Tides of
the Stalk, or top of the Culmus, dole by one another, having very (mall
whitilh Locttft* on each fide with a great quantity of white, long, foft Down
or T omentum, making it appear fomething like a Fox-Tail-Grafs’ if one look
not very narrowly into its manner of growing.

It grew in Mrs Guys Plantation in the open Ground at Guanaboa bv her
Plantain Walk. * 1

Dr. Pkhmt in his Mmttf. p.9s. queflions if this be not the Gramen dm-
tatum hrjutam. J. B. with how much Realon any body may fee. I think I
had forne Reafon from the Title of that of Dr. Herman to judge it to be

that defcribed by him, though he, who knows nothing of it, fays I did it
inept e. oot

XXVII. Gramen datfylon pannicula longa , e fpicis plurimis gracUiorihus pur -
press vel viridibus mollibus conftante. Cat. p. 34. Tab. 70. FT. z. ’ r

This has feveral fibrils for its Root, from whence rifes a^crooked Stalk or
Culmus, about a Foot high, made up of three or four Joints, each haying
a three or four Inch long gtaffie Leaf, covering the internodia of the Stalk
which at about fix Inches from the Root is divided into many Render Spikes’
making a fix Inches long Panicle. The Spikes Rand out on every fide of the
Culmus, towards and at the top, at fbme fmall diftance from one another
each of them being about two Inches long, very Render, foft, purple or
green, and made up of feveral naked Grains, or Chaff (locuftd) fee to it bv
1 ufts alternatively, firft on one fide, then on another. y

It grew in Mr. Batchelor s Plantation near the red Hills.

This can not be the Gramen Iftchamon Virginianum, numerofis f pic is ffc
Tluken. Aim. p. 175. which Dr .Pluhnet conjectures may be the fame in

his Marti iff. p. 94. this .having neither black fpots, nor hirfute or undulated
Leaves.

XXVII r. Gramen daclylon, pannicula longa, fpicis plurimis gracUiorihus fa
longis « Cat. p. 34. Tab. 70. Fig. 3.

This has a fibrous Root, many Stalks a Foot and a half Ion?. Its Soikes
at top are many very fmall, or Render and long, the Panicle being divided
into Spikes before it comes to the top of the Stalk.

It grows every where in the Savannas.

This is not the Gramen Ifchxmon Virginiamm numerofis fpicis, &c. Ptnkenrt,

Alm.p. 175. having neither hirfuted, fpotted, nor undulated Leaves, as he
lays it has, vid, Mantiff. p. 94. ■

XXIX. Gramini tremulo affine, panniculatum elegans majus, fpicis minoribus ejr
longioribus. Cat. p. 34. Tab. 71. Fig. 1.

This has a fibrous Root, from whence rifes a round, pale, green, folid
Stalk or ' Culmus, about a Foot and a half high, having Leaves .nine Inches
long at bottom, iHcotnpafling the Stalk. The Panicle is fix Inches long, the
top of the Culmus being branch’d out into feveral Branches, on which are fet

G g feveral

1 1 4 The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica.

feveral very fmall, long, comprefs’d Spikes, by fmall Stalks or Strings, after
the manner of Gramen tremulum, only the Pet toll are ftronger, fo as not to
quake. Each of them are made up of very many fmall Glumx, Scales, or
Chaff fet in a double row, being fometimes white, and fometimes purple.

I found it in the inland parts of the Ifland.

By the Figure of that Grafs mentioned by Dr. Plukenet Aim. p. 176. and
called Gramen amoris India orientalis, panicula fparfa, &c. figured Phyt. Tab.
190. Fig. 3. compared with the Defcription and Figure of this, tis plain
this, and that mentioned by him are two Plants contrary to what he con¬
jectures in his Mantiff.p. 95.

XXX. Graminitremulo affine, paniculatum elegant minimum. Cat. p. 34. Tab.
yi. Fig. x. An Gramen paniculatum ex oris Malabaricis panicula ddicatiore
Plukenet. Phyt. Tab. 300. Fig. x >. Gramen Jamaicenfe nofirati pratcnfi ftmile pa-
nicula compatfiorc. Ejufd. Aim. p. 176. Gramini pratenft minor 1 ftmile Curaffa-
vicum panicula fpeciofa. D. Sherard. ib > Gramen paniculis elegant iffimis minimum.
Tcurnef. Inft.p. $xx>

This has a great many white thready Roods, and many very fmall,
narrow, pale green, a little rough Leaves, a Culmus or Stalk about three or
four Inches long, having fo many Joints, and at every Joint a Leaf, inclofing
the Stalk. Near the top the Stalk is divided into feveral Foot-Stalks Band¬
ing fparfe on every hand, and fuftaining feveral fmall, white, chaffie Spikes,
made up of very fmall, white, fcaly Chaff, comprefs’d, lying on one ano¬
ther in a double row, very elegantly, after the manner of Gramen tremulum ,
but having its Petioli fo ftrong as not to quake.

It grows very plentifully in the Savanna, by the Town of St. Jago de la

Vega.

This only feems leffer than the TJiampullu , H. M. but differs from the Gra¬
men amoris alterum paniculis ftrigofioribus magifque Sparfis. Rail Cat. pi. exter.
not being the fame with it , as Dr. Plukenet conjectures in his Mantiffa,

P-95-

XXXI. Gramen miliaceum, (ylvaticum, maximum, femzne albo. Cat. p. 34. Tab.
7 ^ 3 •

This has a Culmus or Stalk, feveral Feet long, Bender and weak, not able
to fupport its felf without being fuftained by leaning on neighbouring
Trees and Shrubs, amongft which it grows. It is hollow, jointed, and
branched at the Joints, every Joint having a Leaf about three Inches long,
and three quarters of an Inch broad in the middle where broad eft being ftri-
ated, and of a yellowilh green colour. At the top of the Branches is a
Panicle, made up of feveral Branches which have crooked Petioli, on the
ends of which is a white, Ihining, round ifli Seed, on one fide flat, on the
other roundilh as big as a large Pins Head, lying in a purplifh naked Husk,
opening like the other Millets.

It grows in mod of the Woods of this Ifland, and thofc of the Ca-
riles.

By the Defcription and Figure of this, ’tis plainly different from the Gra-
men Miliaceum latiori folio Maderafpatanum, Plukenet. Aim. p. 176. Phyt. Tab.
1 89. Fig. 4. which is contrary to the conje&ure of that Author in his Mantiff.

P-95-

XXXII. Gramen miliaceum majus, panicula minus fparfa , locuftis minimis. Cat.
p> 34. Tab. yx. Fig. 1.

The Panicle of this Grafs was about fix Indies long, made up of feveral
Spikes, which lay fo clofe to the Culmus, and were, efpecially at top, fo fhort

that

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica. 115

that the Panicle was not fparfe, but fet almoft like a Spike, in fo much that
] took it for a Panic Grafs. The Seeds were very fmall, oblong, com-
prefled of a whitifli colour, and Alining, lying in two white Membranes or
Tocu/la, which were covered with two green ones, both very fmall Foot-
Stalks, as others of this Kind. The upper Joint of the Culmus was very
Jong, and I believe the Grafs very large, although I remember neither its
Leaves nor joints.

I do not remember the particular place of its growth, but think I found
it in Jamaica .

Dr. Plukenet thinks that this Plant may be his Gramm Miliaceum Americanum
majiis panicula minor e. Aim. p.176. Phyt. Tab. 90. Fig. 7. or that this laft re¬
cited Plant may be my next following Grafs, but he is ftrangely miftaken,
for there is no refemblance, as any one may fee by their Figures and De-
Icriptions. See his Mantif p. 9 7. *

XXXIII. Gramen miliaceum , panicula viridi, vel purpurea. Cat; p. 34. Tab.jz.
Fig. z.

This Grafs has a jointed Stalk a Foot long, and Leaves, the under part
whereof enclofes the Stalk, which is rough, nine Inches long, one broad
near the Stalk, where broadeft, and whence it decreafes to the end,being, to¬
wards and at the top, rough, having a Panicle about three Inches long,
madeoffeveral two or three Inch long purple, or green Spikes, Handing fparfe
after the manner of millet on every hand. Each of thefe is made up of a
great many round iih, naked, purple, or green Locufta, flicking to the Spike
by a fmall pctiolus , having a very fmall Grain or Seed, within a Follicle
like that of Millet.

It grows in clayie moifl Grounds in feveral Plantations.

XXXIV. Gramen miliaceum viride foliis Utis Irevibus, panicula capillacea ,
Jemine albo. Cat. p. 3^ Tab. 7%. Fig. 3,

This has feveral Fibers for a Root, {hooting forth a very frequently jointed,
and fometimes branched Culmus, or Stalk, one Foot and a half high. Every
Joint has one Leaf, the underpart of which covers part of the next Internodium ,
is rough, and of a pale green colour ; the other is about an Inch or more
long, and half as broad, of a very green colour, and hairy on the edges.
The Panicle is at top three Inches long, made up of feveral Spikes or
Branches, on which are fet, by very fmall, long, Petioli, no bigger than
Hairs: the Seed being very fmall, roundilh* white, and lodged in green
Chaff like other the Millets.

It grew in the Woods that were dry and fhady.

XXXV. Gramen pratenfe panicula dr foliis anguftifjimis, fpicis brevibus muticis
locuflis minimis. Cat. p. 35. Tab. 73. Fig. 1 .

This Grafs has many fmall, thready, white, and capillary Roots, which
being join’d together makes a great Tuft, and fend forth a great many five
Inches long, narrow, or almoft round Leaves, being dry, and of a pale
green colour. Amongft thefe comes up the Stalks, round, folid, hard,
lmooth, one Foot and a half high, of a clay colour, having fmall Leavesto
nine Inches high, whence it is a very narrow Panicle, being divided into
many three quarters of an Inch long Branches, fometimes black, and fome¬
times gray, having feveral fmall, oblong, reddilh Seed, in a gray, or black,
naked Husk, both Seed, and it, being fo fmall, as fcarce difcernible to the
naked Eye.

1

It

•V'-' •

1 1 <5

The Natural Hi ftory of Jamaica.

It etows in mod Savannas, particularly, in great abundance towards Black
fevfWdge, beyond two Mile Wood, on the left Hand of the Road ge-

i,lgIt has very fmalt nourilhment, notwithftanding which Cattle eat it in dry
and fcarce times, when they grow very big in their Paunches with the great
quantity of this Grafs, not being fatisfied with little.

XXXVI. Gramen avenaceum fylvaticum, foliis Uti funis, Iccuflis longis non a

Grt hafffef many thief or^fouf Inches long Hkments with
lateral Hairs or Fibril, by which it draws its Nourilhment, which being
united in a roundilh Root, fend forth feveral Leaves incompalfing the Stalk,
anfoneanXby their under parts, or Foot-Stalks, wh.di .are ta,o
a light brown colour, and about nine Inches long. The other part ot t
Leaf "leaving the Stalk, the higher it is, is the larger, thofe uppermod be-
h4 fix Inches long, and two broad, beginning narrow by degrees growing
larger, and ending in a point, being ftriated thin hard rough an^ graffie
with a middle Rib, eminent on the back fide. The Stalk is aoout arc
and a half high having below two very (hort Joints, is branched out about
a Foofomfhe Ground into feveral Branches, whofe Twigs have feveral
halHucl long faked Lccufia, (licking to them alternative y without Pend,
having a blackillt Chaff or Gtim, in which is a long toul’d up Membrane,

l°°lf growfeverv where in the inland high lhady Woods.

It fs though/to be the mod nourithing and faming Grad for Cattle -in
the whole Ifland, and is counted as good for that purpofe as Oats.

rlJVd ~r

SKd' w“ “ °“"» “d

°f It1g'rowsyby0theRivers fides in Jamaica, and mod of the O/Jm. .

If ft be tm Capkatinga, lie tells us, it is not only given by ’its felf, or
• . vfk X rhinps to cut cold peccant humours, but is likewife ufed
agaiud Poyfons, whefce may be gathered that ’tis hot intenfly, and of a thin

confidence.

XXXVIII. Cyferus rotundas , fanicula fparfa, fids ftrigofis ferrugineis. Cat .

ThfhadT round tuberous Root, as big as a large Hffel Nut^having
many fibers acirs bottom, of about an Inch long- c * ° ed over with
within odoriferous, and aromatick to fmell an a • feveral

The Natural Hiftory ^Jamaica.

i

feveral red, dry Membranes, and has foft triangular graffie Leaves, about one
Foot and an half long, like others of this Kind. At its Root, from the mid¬
dle ofthefe Leaves rilesa Foot, ora Foot and an half high, folid, Stalk trian-
gular, and filled with a rulhy, fpungy Pith. At its top hand three ot "out
Leaves, which are foft and graffie, as the others, of about fix Inches long and
fhorter; above which come feveral fized Petioli, fuftaining many long ferrugi-
neous Spikes, Handing out fparfe on every hand, each being long, round (len¬
der, and containing between the Scales many oblong, whitiffi, cornered
Seeds, making in all a very elegant Head.

It grew near Bridge Town in Barbados, and in the Marffies by the Rio-
Cobre, above the Ferry, towards the freffi water Laguna plentifully.

However rude the Labour or Travel in Childbed of the Savages is, the
Powder of this, of the weight of a Crown taken in White- Wine, makes them
be fpeedily delivered. Tertre. Rochef.

XXXIX. Cyperus, panicula tnaxime /par fa, ferruginea compreffa, elegantiffima.

Cat. p. 3?. Tab. 75. Fig. 1 . An Cyperus Americans panicula aurea maxima.
Tournef. Inf. p. yiy ?

This had feme few dark brown, or reddiffi Roots, fending up fome two,
or three Foot and an hall long Leaves, inclofingthe Stalk, and one another'
below, very narrow, or almoft round above, floated, and having a Pith like
R-uffies. From thefe Leaves rife a blunt three cornered Stalk, folid, not joint¬
ed , filled with a rulhy Pith, two Foot and an half high. At the top Hands
two or three Leaves, (one whereof is a Foot long) under the Panicle, which
is very fparfe and elegant, made up of a great many Spikes, Handing on the
tops of three or four Inches long Foot-Stalks, fome on none, and others, of
all intermediate lengths, which fend out round diem other fmaller Petioli ,
making it proliferous, each Spike being comprefs’d, broad, one third part
of an Inch long^ made up of two rows of ferrugineous Scales, one of each

fide, being plac’d one over another, in each of which lies a black three
cornered Seed.

It grew in the Sea Marffies near the landing place at Mr. Be la Crees in
Liguanee.

The Defcription and Figure of this Cyperus, make it plainly different
from the Gramen cyper aides Made raf pat anum panicula magis [par fa & fpecicfa
Plukenet. Aim. p. 179. Phyt. Tab. 192. Fig. z. though Dr. Plukenet in his
Mantiffa,p. 97. thinks it maybe the fame.

XL. Cyperus rotundas gramineus fere inodorus , panicula [par fa compreffa
viridi. Cat.p. 37. Tab. 76. Fig. 1. J r U

This has one round reddiffi Tuber, fuelling not very much. ’Tis as
large as a Pea, and white within. It is join’d to the other Roots by a (mail
Fibril, which with other Fibrils united in an oblong Root, fend out feveral
five Inches long, blewiffi, green, graffie Leaves, inclofingthe Stalk, and one
another at bottom. In the middle of thefe Leaves comes a triangular four
or fiveffiches long, not jointed, Stalk. The Top, or Panicle of this Grafs
is divided into feveral Inch long Foot-Stalks or Petioli, on every fide where¬
of, as well as at the top of the Stalk, are final! fcaly, reddiffi green, one
quarter of an Inch long Spikes, made up of two rows of green Scales, and
all inclofed by three or four Inch long graffie Leaves, Handing round the
top or the Plant under the Panicle very much refembling the Gramen pul -
chrum parvum panicula lata compreffa. J. B.

It grows in the fandy places of the Street of the Town of St. Jago de la
regdt after Rain, and in the fandy places of the Town Savanna.

1 1 8 The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

One would wonder how Br. Plukenet ftiould come to think, in his Man -
tiff a, p.6z. that this Plant might be the Cyperus rotundas littoreus inodor us, J.B.
when their Figures and Defcriptions are fo Vaftly differing.

XL1. Gramm overrides mjus aquaticum, paniculis plurimis junceis fparjis, fa¬
cts ex oblongo rotundas [padiceis ■ Cat p. 36. Tab. 7 6. Fig.z.

This has a jointed Stem five Foot high, about the bignefs of ones little
Finger, being triangular, (olid, gray, and each Joint, diftant one from the
other, four or five Inches. The Joint has always a Tuft of green Leaves, a great
many together fpring out alternatively, fome two or three Foot long, others
fhorter, triangular, all being very green, lerrated, and extremely cutting. The
Panicles come out alternatively towards the top, at one Inches diffance,
Handing on fix Inches long Foot-Stalks, which are folid, and triangular,
and at their ends have two clay coloured Membranes or Leaves, whofe un¬
der part is as an utriculus, from which goes out the Panicle, or many longer,
and Ihorter Petioli ; at the ends of which Hands one Spike, and round them,
on other fhorter Petioli, others, each of which is roundilh, oblong, blackilh,
or dark rufty coloured, made up of many Scales, lying round, over one a-
nother, after the manner of others of this Kind.

It grew in the Freih-Water River, above the Ferry going up to the Laguna

near Caymanes.

Dr. Plukenet in his Mantiffa, p. 98. thinks that this Grafs may be the lame
with his Gramen Cyperoides Maderafpatanum, caule compreffo , [par [a panicuU
fund Aim. p. 179. Tab. 191. Fig. 5. This differs from it in the Stalks, be¬
ing not comprefled , but triangular , and in feveral other obvious diffe¬
rences.

• . t ) :

XLIL Gramen cyperoides fylvatkim maximum geniculatum afarius, femine mi -
lit folts. Cat.p. 36. Tab. 77. Fig. t.

This ftrange Cyperus Grafs, has a Ilender jointed Stalk, rifing to about
fifteen Foot high, growing amongft the Bulhes, and being fupported by
their help , though not turning round them. The Stalk is triangular,
having three {harp, very rough edges, and a round hollow between them,
like a three cornered Sword-Blade, and being of a very dark green colour,
having here and there, at the Joints, Branches, which have Leaves at their
Joints, being about a Foot long, narrow, having an eminent back, and be¬
ing of a dark green colour, and withal much rougher than any of the other
Cyperus Grafles, by the means of feveral fmall Afarities or Teeth on its
edges. Ex alls foliorum rife* fmall triangular three Inches long Petioli, on
the top of which are Spikes about three quarters of an Inch long, on
which alternatively grow three or four fmall blackilh Locufla or chaffie
Heads. In each of thefe, between two black glumx, comes a roundilh, large,
whitifli coloured Seed, like that of Gromel, a fmall Pearl, or that Barley,
very much decorticated, call’d Pearl Barley.

It grew in Moneque Savanna, among the Trees.

’Tis evident this is not the Gramen junceum elatius, pericarpiis ovatis Arne -
ricanum, Pluken. Aim. p 179. Phyt. Tab. 92. Fig. 9. which Dr. Plukenet in
his Mantiffa, p. 98. thinks may be the fame with it.

XLIII. Gramen cyperoides majus, facis ex oblongo rotundis, compattis ferrugP
nets. Cat. p. 3 6. Tab. 77. Fig. z.

This has a fibrous, reddilh, brown Root, exactly like thofe of a Rufh,
the Leaves, and under part of the Stalk being covered with dry, reddilh,
foliaceous Sheaths, like them. The Leaves inclofethe Stalk, by their under
part, which is three Inches long, being ufually two in number, and about three

Inches

The Natural Hijlory of Jamaica. 1 1 9

Inches long the longed ; very narrow, fofr, and of a very green colour. The
Stalk is cornered, floated, comprefled, two Foot long, on the top of which
dand above two or three very (mall, and lliort Leaves, three or four ob¬
long, round, compared, ferrugineous Spikes, (landing fome of them on
half an Inch long P etioii, others on none, from whence the others proceed,
and may be termed prolifera. Eeach of them is made up of Scales, lying
one over another, between which are lodged yellowifli, Ihining, cornered
Seeds.

It grew in the Sea Marlhes near the Landing-place at Mr. Delacrees in

Liguanee.

Dr. P lake net, in his Mantijfa, f. 97. queHions if this Grafs be not his Gra-
men cyperoides r art us & tenuius fpicatum e Maderafpatan, Phyt. Tab. 191. Fig. i„
dm.p. 179. The Figures and Defcriptions {hew them plainly different.

XLIV. Gramen cyperoides [pica compatta alba , foliis ad fpicam partim albis ,
partim viri dibits. Cat. p.^6. Tab.yS. Fig. I.

From a fibrous and ftringy Root, fpring up feveral triangular blunt edg’d
Stalks, of about a Foot in heighth. The Leaves are harfli to the touch.
The Spike is compad, made up of many white Spikes, fet clofe in a Head,
and has fome long, harfh, gralfie Leaves clofe under it, which for the firft
part, or half, are white, and towards the ends are green. The Seed is {’mail
and yellowifli.

It grows in thofe places where water has in rainy times Rood on the Ground,
as in the Pafture beyond the Angels Ford going to fixteen Mile Walk, in the
Caymanes in feveral places, &c.

XLV. Gramen cyperoides minus, fpica compad a fubrotunda viridi, radio e odo«
rata. Cat.p. 36. Tab. 78. Fig z. An Pee- Mott enga, H M. Tab. 73 ?

This has feveral fibers of a reddifh colour, which united make a crooked,
oblong Root, fending up feveral graflie, very green Leaves, of about
four Inches long, the under part being reddifh The Stalk comes up in the
middle of them : it is five or fix Inches high, of the fame colour with the
Leaves, triangular, having at the top one pretty large, and on the fides of
it one or two fmaller, oblong, compad Buttons, or little Burs, and under
this Head fome gralfie Leaves two or three Inches long.

The Root is very odoriferous.

It grew in Coll. Nedhams Plantation, in fixteen Mile Walk.

There is a variety of this, which is much larger in all its parts.

The whole Plant (if it be that of the H. Mi) boiled in Rice, Water,
and Oil Marotti, and green Curcuma, or in Coco-Nut-Oil and Cumin or
long Pepper, makes a Liniment againft the Liver Difeafe, IT. M.

XLVI. Gramen cyperoides minus, fpicis comp all is fubrotundis flavicantibus J
Cat. p. 3 6. Tab. 79. Fig. 1.

This has feveral long reddilh, brown, firings; which united make a fmall
knobby Root, fending forth feveral harfh, green Leaves, fix inches long,
two of them ufually inclofe a blunt triangular fix Inches long Stem, at the
top of which Hands one oval, oblong Burton, yellowifli green, made up of
green Chaff or Locufia, between each of which lies a triangular fliining Grain,
having two others lefler, Handing above it on one Inch long Foot-Stalk.
The Spikes are inviron’d below on the end of the Culmus , by one five Inches
long, and two fliorter Leaves, like thofe at bottom.

It grows on the fides of fandy Gullies round the Town.

Dr, PlutcF

120

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

Dr. Fluhmt in his Mantiffa, ?• doubts if this be not the Gramm pul-
chrum parvum panicula lata comprefa. J. B. tom. 2. P- 471*. There ii icarce
any refemblance between them, unlefs in the colour of their Panicles.

XLV1I. Gramm cyperoides minimum, fpic a fimplici c'ompatfa, radice tulerofa 0-

dorata. Cat.p. 36. Tab. 79- Tig. 2. . . , ,

This (mail Grals has Pome brown Fibers, coming from a blacky tuberous

body covered with a brown Membrane, white within, and very odor ilerous..
From’ this Root rife very many one Inch and an hall long, narrow, green,
grafUe Leaves, and from their middle (mail cornered five Inches high Stalks,
of a pale green colour, having each his fingle, whitilh, (mail kaiy Seed,
between the Scales, are lodged black Alining Seeds, like thofe of Amaranth*.
It grew in the Sea Marihes, near the landing place at Dclacrets in Lt-

^ Dr. Plukenet in his Mantiffa, p. 97- doubts if this be the fame with his Gra¬
ven cyperoides minus Virginianum Jpica fimplici longton Aim. p . I7». Fbyt.
Tab. 300. Fig. 6. It is very apparent they are two dinerent Plants by their

Figures and Defcriptions.

XLVIII. Gramm nptroides minimum, fpicis flurilus compaciis ex Mongo ro-
tundis. Cat.p. 3 6. Tab. 79. Fig. 3. An Grmen junccum perpufillum CaftlUcets

Mis /Ethiopicum Plukm. Almag. p.i79‘ f“k; 3°°. FiJf4 * i> ' . r

This had very many capillary, brown, Fibers for Roots, from whence rofe
many fmall. Inch long, narrow Leaves, reddilh underneath ; amongft whic 1
grew many triangular Stalks, about two Inches long, at whofe top comes
Fwo or three grafiie Leaves, very Ihort, and fmall. Above thefe Loaves
ftand ufually three fmall tufty fcaly Spikes or Heads, two whereof have
fliort Pethli, and the others none, fufficiently drfcernible, from the others oi
this Kind, by their fmallnefs.

It grew in the Ifland of Jamaica. . r

Dr. Plukenet queflions, in his Mantiff. p. 97* whether this be not the ftme
with his Gramm cyperoides pumilum elegans Maderafpatan. Aim., p. 179. thyt.
Tab. 1 9 1. Fig. 8. ’Tis very plain ’tis not that Plant, for their Figures and

Defcriptions are very different.

XLIX Gramen cyperoides poiyflachion, fpicis ad nodes ex utriculis fen fcliortm
alis eebimtis prodeuntibus. Cat. p. 36. fab. 80. An Gramm multiple /pica
Maderafpatannm, calamo feenndum longitadinem aculeis horrtdo. I aikenet. t hyt.

Tab. 1 9 1. Fig. 2 ? Almag. p. 174* r . _ ...

This has feveral two or three Inch long Strings for its Roots, taking firm
hold of the Earth, from whence rifes a jointed Stalk, three or four Foot
high The Culm us, or Stalk is folid, triangular, or fiat on one fide, and
round on the other. That part of the Leaf Iheathing part of the Interne-
dium is rough or prickly, the other part is five or fix inches long* harm,
graffie with a lharp back like the Cyperus Grades, and about half an Inch
broad ’ next the Culmus, where broadeft. Towards the tops the Leaves,
(which are always at the Joints,) are fhorter, and more fwell’d appearing like
an Utriculm, having a row of prickles on its back, out of the Ala of which
rife Branches below, and fmall Foot-Stalks above, fuftaining one, two, three,
or four Inches and a half long, green Spikes made up of many fmall Seeds,
(landing each above a very fmall, fcarce difcernible Leaf. .

It grew in Fern Savanna , near Guanaboa, and Mrs. Guys Plantation in Gua~

naboa very plentifully.

Dr. Plukenet s Title and Cut do not agree to this Plant.

I.

L. Jam

i . V

L. Jams cjfmiJts mcdulli farttu,, amic»S, r*Jhi

rubra, tuber of a, odorata. Cat.p.^6. Tab. Si. Fig. i.

This Rufh has a tuberous, red, knobbed Root, having a very grateful finell
like that of Calamus aromaticus, covered with brown withered Leaves as
Well as the under part of the Stalk, like other Rulhes, and having fev’eral
red Strings, going from the Root of one to that of another. Tlie Stalk is
round, green, three Foot high, fmooth, having within it very ftrong and
frequent tranfverfe Partitions or Membranes, making it jointed with
a^Pith between. At the top (land feverai brown chaffie Panicles, like thofe

?ra(res» *■ ^onS» Spikes, being made up of feverai red-

dilh Scales, lying over one another on the fame Foot-Stalks, dll coming
from the Rulhes top, as from a common Center. 0

It grows in the Rills of the Savanna, beyond two Mile Wood, about
Mr. Batchelors .

This having 4 very gratefully feented Root, I (Jueftion nor but that if
hiay be very fucccfsfully ufed in place of Calamus aromaticus, &c.

This agrees with Hernandez's Dcfcription of Phatzifiranda, and prettv
Well to his Figure, only it has no Leaves, which by the way are not likei
thole of Sch&nant h in the Figure, and Ximehes feys the Leaves, are like
Leeks. In both thefe Authors may be largely leen the Vertues aferibed td
this Plant.

LI. J uncus cyperoldes , culrno compr ejfo fir iato, radice odorata tuber o fa. capitulo
rotundo compaffo. Cat. p. 36. Tab. Si. Fig. 2.

r. Rufh lias a tuberous, red, knobbed Root, having a very grateful
fmell, like that of Cyper m. Each knob or joint is by long tranfverfe
Roots, of about half an Inch in length, joined to the neareft to it fo

making a long Root, made up as it were of feverai Beads ftringed The

Roots are covered over with brown, withered Leaves, as alfo are the un~
dgr parts of the Stalks, which had feme longer and fhorter Sheaths like
other Rumes. From each knob riles a ftriated cornered Ruth, fomething
com prelied, full of a fpongy Pith, about two or three Foot high, on the
top of which under a round Head, made Up of many ferrugineous Scales
or Glum*, Handing clofe together, very compad, were feme few very fliorc
Leaves, as ill the Cyperus Grafles. ^

' This has great refemblance, in riiantier of growth, with the Faembu^

H.M. p.n. p. 99. or Acorus verm Afiatkus radice tenuiore vel calamus ars*

mat i cm GarzU ah Horto. Comm ibid.

It was brought by a very curious Perfon from tile Bay of Honduras, where
he told me it grew among the Sand not far from Truxillo. It was ufed by the'
Jndians in the Belly-ach, and I defiring the aforefaid Gentleman to bring me
feme Simples, ufed by the Natives of thofe parts whither he was to go, in

the Cure of Difedfes, he allured me he found none more celebrated than
this.

This is perfedly differing from the Grown Cyperoldes latiori folio afpero,
panicula in fummitate caulis conglomerata Plukenet. Aim. p. 178. Fhyt. Tab. 190!
/%. 8. as may eafily appear to any who compares them, however contrary
the Opinion of Dr .Plukenet may be in his Mantsffa, p. 97.

LTI. Juncm aquatiem geniculatm, capitulis equifeti , major. Cat. p. 3 7. Tab:

fT* 1* An feirpus Americanus, caule geniculato, cavo. Li^n. Tournef. In (l
p.$ z8 ? * J °

From the lame Root, made up of many Strings, as is that of other Rulhes,
fife five or fix, two or three Foot high, hollow Rulhes,within which are a great

I i many

\

V

_

many Membranes dividing it, and making it geniculated, and no Pith al-
moft at all. It is of a fine green, Ihining colour, and at its top comes out
a white, round, oblong, fcaly Head, like that of the tops of Afparagus, c-
quifetum, or- the Juncus capitulis equifeti. C. B.

It grows after rainy Seafons in thofe holes of the low Lands or Savannas,
where water has flood.

LIII. juncus aquaticus geniculatus, capitulis equifeti, minor. Cat. p. 37. Tab .
75, Fig. x.

It is in every thing like the former, only not over one third of its bignefs
or heighth.

It grows with the former.

LIV. Juncus aquatic us capitulis equifeti minimus.

This has feveral whitilh fibrous Roots, and a very fmall Rulh about two
Inches long. On the top comes a fcaly Head, between the light brown
Scales of which, lie many fmall black Seeds.

It grew on the Banks of the Rio Cobre, under the Town of Saint Jago de
la Vega, on the fame fide of the River.

LV. Juncus Uvis ofyegiv©* fecundus , vel juncus maximus five feirpus major,
C. B. Cat.p. 37. Scirpus paluftris altijfimus. Tournefort. Infi. p. 5x8. Scirpus
altijfimus, Ej. El. hot. p. xo.

This grows plentifully in the great Laguna, near Caymanes, and in the
boggy Fens in feveral places of this Ifland.

It is ufed to make bottoms of Chairs.

If boiled with Wine it flops Fluxes and the Catamenia.

Tied under the Arms People by them learn to Swim. Lugd.

The Pith dilates Sores and Fiftulas.

The Men go naked. The Women (in 38°. N. Lat. in that part of Cali¬
fornia called Nova Albion) take Bull-Rulhes, and kemb them after the man¬
ner of Hemp, and thereof make their loofe Garments, drc. Which being
knit about their Middles, hangs down about their Hips. ibid. Sir Francis
Drake , ap. Hakl. p. 441. and p. 73 7. p. 3.

They are faid by the Author of the Mexican Chronicle, to have grown in
rhe Lake of that City, in the Carrizales of it, and to have made Beds for
the new born Children to be walh’d and receive their name on. Purchas,
p. I I ox.

Chefls of Bull-Rulhes preferve the Wheat in Azores, Mandelflo, p. zzi.

LVI. Gramen Junceum aquaticum geniculatum, culmo nudo & folio non articu¬
late. Cat.p. 37. Tab. 75, Fig. 3.

This has feveral brown Strings, united in one common tuberous Root,
from whence rifes a green articulated Stalk, it being inwardly divided into
many Se&ions by feveral Diaphragm’s, growing fmaller towards the top,
within an Inch of which it has feveral long, flender, ferrugineous brown
Heads, or Spikes making a Iparfe Panicle. At the Root are feveral graflic
two or three Inches long Leaves.

It grows in the moifler parts of the Savannas after Rain.

LVII. Typha paluflris major. C. B. Cat. p. 37.

This grows on the brinks of Black River near Mr. Byndlofs’s Plantation,
and on the frelh water Laguna, near the Caymanes.

\ The

F

1

s'

The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica. 123

The Down is ufod in fome places for Beds, and applied to kibed Heels
Cures them, (lamped with Swines Greafe is good for burnings, Diofc. and
given to a Dram, with other ingredients, Cures Ruptures, Math. This feems
to be no good Medicine, but that other Ingredients mixed with ir, are the
caufesof the Cure. Lob.

It is the qxtws Theophrajli the flour or top ufod to be mixed with Clay
or Lime, inftead of Hair or Straw for Buildings, to keep the Mortar from
breaking. The Leaves of the Male, before it flours or Fomina, are good
for binding any thing withal, and are now ufed to make Mats- Herodotus
tells us of the Indians inhabiting the Marfhes of the River, carrying Vejlem
Dod.

The Leaves are ufed to cover Flasks, and for Chairs. Math .

The Leaves of this are cut for the Papyrus by Dodonaus. C. B,

Chap. V.

Of Herbs with lefs perfeB or Stamimous Flowers.

Here are in this Chapter fome Plants which I confefs I believe
may by thofe more skilful be reduced to other Families, fome
f of them having parts fo extraordinary fmall as not to be eafily
Vifible, and perhaps others have perfed Flowers, which efcap’d
my obfervation.

Some of thefe are alfo very anomalous that I could not find any other
place than by their Face or Leaves to reduce them to thofe of Europe placed
by the more skilful here.

It may be objeded to me that I have brought hither Nettles, or called
Plants fo, which have many of them tricoccous Seeds, which had better
been with the Ricini ; to this I anfwer that the Hortus Malabaricus has de-
foribed feveral Plants under the name of Schcrigenams, with the lame kind
of Fruit, and no body found any fault with the Authors of that Book, or
Mr. Ray for reducing them thither.

One thing in this Sedion falls very oddly, which is that in three or more
forts of fuch Plants as by their Face mud of neceffity be efteemed Ricini by
all People, there are perfed Pentapetalous Flowers, and after thefe the Fruit
follows contrary to thofe obferved hitherto by others.

Before the Species of long Peppers are deferibed, there is an obfervation
relating to them to be taken notice of in this place.

I. Urtica racemofa [candens, anguftifofia, fruftu tricocco. Cat. p 38. Tab,
8 2. Fig. 1. An urtic&folia Jatnaicenfis tricoccos, Muf. Cor ten. Plukenet. Aim.
p. 393 ? Ricinus parvus urens urtica filio Banifler, Cat. Stirp. Virg ?

This has a woody, reddifh, (Iriated Stalk, fomething cornered, as thofe
of Nettles, which turns about any Plant or Tree it comes near, and rifes
fix or (even Foot high, having a ftrong Bark, fomething like that of Hemp.
Towards the tops of this Stalk are many two or three Inches long Branches,
very thick fee with Leaves without any order, each of which has a half
Inch long, rough Foot-Stalk, is Inch long, and half as broad near the
round Bafe, where broadeft, and whence it by degrees leffens till it ends in
a point, having the Margins deeply cut, and being all over very thick fee
with burning Hairs, as thofe of ordinary Nettles. Out of the Ala of the

leaves.

1 24 The Natural Hijlory of Jamaica,

leaves, come an Inch long firings of herbaceous Flowers, like thofe of other
Nettles, after which follows a tricoccous, rough Seed-Veflel, each comer
of which indoles one round, reddifh, brown Seed.

It grows among the Shrubs in the Town Savanna, going towards two
Mile Wood, and elfe where very plentifully.

If this be the Falls Schcrigenam , the deco&ion of the Roots drank, ex*
tinguifhes the heat of the Liver, and is good for fwell’d Bellies, with fup-
prefifion of Urine. The fame beaten, and mix’d with Sugar and Milk, is good
for the Itch. The Juice of it, beaten and drank, is good forthofe piffing
vifcid and purulent Urine. HM.

IT. Urtica averts arborea, foliis ollongis, anguflis. Cat. p. 38. Tab. 83. Fig. r.

This Shrub I defcribed, which feemed to be young, rofe to about eight or
nine Foot high, by a round, flraight, woody JTrunc, of the bignefs of ones
little Finger, covered with a fmooth, brownifh Bark. It had towards its top
feveral Leaves coming out alternatively (landing on an eighth part of an
Inch’s long Foot-Stalk, each whereof were about three or four Inches long, and
about three quarters of an Inch broad in the middle where broadefl, being
even about the edges, unlefs one (mall Lacinia, with a (harp point, made the
Leaf as it were eared towards the top (which fome Leaves wanted, and fo
perhaps that was accidental) from the Foot-Stalks end it grew broader to the
middle, and thence decreafed, ending in a point. It was of a dark green
colour, and had feveral Ribs, appearing on its under fide, and on its furface
and edges many long, fmall prickles, which, as I was told, were very burning,
and look’d fo fierce that I was very loath to make the Experiment my felf,
but very cautioufly took the top of the Shrub, and dried it. I never faw
either its Flower or Fruit.

I found it in the Woods ©n the Hills on the other fide of the Rio~Cohre,
near the Angels.

III. Urtica racemfa humiUor iners. Cat. f. 38. Tab.%2. Fig. v.

This had a Root half a Foot long, very firong, and deeply faftned in
the Earth, from which went feveral Filaments very far fpread on every fide,
drawing nourifhment to the Plant. The Stalk was two Foot high, fquare,
and covered with a reddilh brown Bark, having feveral Branches, going out,
oppoftte to one another. The Leaves (land towards the top, fct oppofite one
to the other at half an Inch’s diflance, exadlly like thofe of Nettles, but they
did not fling. Ex alis foliorum comes an Inch long Racemus of green Flowers
and Fruit, like thofe of the urtica major vulgaris , J. B. only the Apices, or
Seeds making up the Racemus were more folid, flat, and not cornered.

It grew on the Banks of the Rio Cobre, near Mr. Fcnfcca’s Plantation.

IV. Urtica iners racemofa fylvatsca, folio nerve fo. Cat. p. 38. Tab. 83. Fig. 2.

From a fmall, flringy, brown Root, Springs a cornered, green Stalk, one

Foot and an half high, having two Leaves at the Joints, Handing oppofite one
to the other, on two Inches long Foot-Stalks. They are four Inches long,
and three broad in the middle, where broadefl, rough, frefli green coloured,
a little indented about the edges, having three Ribs running from the end of
the Foot-Stalk, as from a common center, through the Leaf, with feveral
tranfverfe ones, fomething like the Leaves of Nettles The Flowers Hand
at top in a bunch altogether, being brownifh, very fmall, mufeofe, reticu¬
lated, and making a pleafing Figure.

It grows in the fhady Woods near Hope River in Liguanee, and in the
woody and fhady Mountain near Colonel Cope's Plantation in Guanaboa.

V. Urtica

The Natural Hiftory /Jamaica.

125

cIr.y,krZ 'Z •*«,.

This has a Root five Inches long, big in proportion to the Plant brown
on the outfide, and deep y fix’d in the Earth, which fends out on cZy
hand fevera fmail Stems lying along the Surface of the ground two Indies

£.acn leal tom an eighth part of an Inch long Foot-Stalk, is one third
part of an Inch long, and very near as broad at Bafe, where broadeft * al-

°tk ab°UC the edSes’ The of the Stem is a

Spike of Flowers an Inch long, made up of a great many very fmall

Purple Mowers fome little white intermingled. After chefe follow in

Pi T lVCral tncocco"s Heads, at firft green, and then a little
reddifh, and rough on the outfide. In each of thefe lie three roundifli
Seeds, every one is covered with a Membrane, and the three Membranes
being joined, make up a tncoccous Seed, like that of the hdiotrofmm tri-
coccum , only infinitely fmaller. f

It grows in the Town Savanna, every where in the Tandy places thereof
efpecially towards two Mile Wood. y F cor’

This cannot be the, Plant mentioned by Dr. Plukenet. Mant. p.i9o.

VI. Urtica major racemoft humilior , f ungens fed non wens. Cat. p. 28.

1 ' Ut°°d^ r,eddifll Root, about five Inches long, having fevera!
lateral Fibrils, by which It drew its Nourishment from the Earth The Stalk
was round woody, green, and about a foot high, having near its top feverai
Leaves without any order, Handing on Inch long Foot-Stalks. They were
five Inches long one broad, in the middle, where broadefi, very much fer

SeedLe:?tr0Ug ‘T NafrLfVCS’ °f 2 colour,’ Te back fide ol

pL^ I exa2ed er *1 ?1Cfe Lf rVeS WCre vc7 ,rouSh and picking. In the
1 lane I examined, I could not oblerve any veficles at bottom of the prickles

as in Nettles; but the pricking of the Finger came from fome very hard

pnck £S ,Was V1flble 5>nI che Leaf by the Microfcope. By the
Foot-Stalk, at the beginning of the Leaf, is a very Ihort fuftaining ^four

fmall membranaceous Leaves or Pet ala, within which are five or fiv
yellow Stamina, to which follows a roundifli Capfula, made up of three

Seeds3 °Fn °f £hemreives> throwinS ouc feveral fmall oblong brown

It grew on the Banks of the Rio Cohn, above the Town of St. fago de la
V ega, on the other fide of that River. J A

j by chis^defcription that this cannot be the Urtica racemofa Cana-

tlfi jSlv? DT“ru‘ thinkS ,in 'f ' S>o. neither can it be the

hird delcnbed in this Chapter, as he there imagines.

|

rf*ela,g ttnvirtMihu, afperis, cdarttis.mn Um-

gtmfs CM ■ f 38. Katu-TJtmi p. Hart. Mai. pan. to. p. 89. Tab. 4;. five

Ambrafia Malabar, ca arfmt/u falsa adaratiffma fiaribm flJvis. Comm- ib. Bab.
part. 3. Hijt. Ox. p. 4.

<irJZS*fu-t0 about three foot high, by a flrong, ftriated, woody, folid
vvS aLhAg aS 0J!eS btt^e Finger, having at pretty large Alliances, Leaves,
wv dr0n af h and afhdf lo0g Fwt-Stalks. They are cut and di-
^rvl ft drS manner of the Leaves of Mugwort, to which they are
very like, only fomewhat larger and ftronger, being rough, but not hairy
like the amhrofu marina , C B. pin. and of a very dark green colour abov^
nderneath more pale. Ex alis fol. and towards the top come Twigs,
having fmaller Leaves, and on their tops a great many fmall mufeofe

K k Flowers,

12 6 The Natural Hiftory o.

Flowers, of a yellow colour, fet clofe together, as in the others of this
Kind. The Fruit is in an echinated Husk, juft like the Fruit of t'ribufus, and
the Seed like a Grape Seed.

The whole Plant has a very ftrong fmell like the others of its Kind.

It grew in the ftony places of dry River, in which fometimes water ufed
to run, near Sir Francis Watfons in the feven Plantations, as well as in feveral
other inland parts of this Ifland.

If this Herb be put under the Tick’s Pillow it foretels death if he Ileeps
not. Boil’d in Zergelim (i, e. fefamum ) or Tzit-elu Oil, and burnt Wine,
and applied to the part affe&ed, it Cures Empyema's, and hid abfeeffes of
the Stomach before they ripen, efpecially if the juice be drank with Honey.
With Malabarick or European Horehound, made into a Plaifter, and put
on the pained place, it Cures the Cramp or Spafm. With Honey eaten
fading it Cures the Dropfie. The Root boil’d in Sergelim Oil, rub’d on a
Cloath, and repeated every twelve hours, takes away freckles or fpots.
With Coco-Nut Milk boiled, it Cures eating Ulcers, and the Bark of the
Root put on the affected part does the fame. H. M.

yv'.i . : T : V • 1 • ■ ’ Vr \ i • ' \ ■

VIII. Ricinus Americanus fruffu racemofo hifpido. Cat. p. 3#. Ficus infer «
nalis. Calceol. Muf. p. 641. Mexico Seeds of Med. Cur. Ricinus americanus
major rubicundus, Munt. Fa-ten Cleyer. p. 4 6. The Oil-Nut-Tree.

I have nothing to add to Marc graves delcription, but that ’tis generally
nine or ten Foot high, and of two forts, one with large Seed, which is made
ufe of to make Oil, the other with teller, which I do not fee differing from
the common Ricinus, and I am very apt to believe the red and green, as well
as thofe with little and large Seed, to be only varieties.

They grow in Bermuda , &c.

It feems not to be different from the common European Ricinus, which is
Perennial in Spain and Crete, where ’tis large, according to Bellonius, Cluftus
and Mr. Ray. The Seeds are comniended by fome for killing Worms in Hu¬
man Bodies.

The Leaves dipt in Water or Vinegar Cure Teeters, and are generally made
ufe of for dreffng Blifters.

The Kernels after drying, and beating to Powder, are boiled in water,
and an Oil fwims at top, which is us’d for Lamps. It is good like wife
againft all outward and inward cold Diftempers. It is hot in the third de¬
gree. Good againft Wind. Opens Obftrucftions of the Spleen, &c. or
gri pings of the Belly and Mother. Applied outwardly to the Navel, as well
as taken inwardly in Drops, it relolves Apoftems, reftores convulsd or
contracted Nerves, by diftending them foftly. Three or four Drops given by
the Mouth or Glifter, opens the Belly, and Cures Dropftes, and Dileales of
the Joints. It Cures thef -Scab, and- other external Difeafes of the Skin.
The Seed is a violent Purger, more than the Oil, both upwards and down¬
wards, and therefore they want preparation, which is done by infufrng
them in Spirit of Wine, aft ounce of which wiff bring off humours eafily -
feven of the Seeds are enough. The Oil is likewife drawn from thefe
Seeds as from Almonds. Pifo.

This Oil is called1 by M'onardes oleum Cicimmr, becatrfe Diefco rides and
Pliny calls, the Tree of Rkims KiU', and the Oil from it for. A drop or
two given m Milk expefc- Worms in Children, if their Belly be anointed
with it. In is* good for- Scald Heads, pains in the Ears;, and Dcafnefs.
Monard. ■■

The Root taken in DeeoClion , Cures pain from Wind in the Bowefe,
takes away the fwelliflg of the Legs, and of the Kidnies and Belly, as alfp
5tis good for she Dropfie, Afthmay Gout and Eryftpelas. The Leaves Cure

the

The Natural Hijlory of Jamaica.

the Head-ach. Beaten and applied, after they are heated at the Fire they
are good in the Gout, as is alfo the vapor of the decoded Leaves received
on the part. A Bath with it. is a good Diuretick. The Fruit is purging
if in Powder it be fried and given with Sugar. The Seeds beaten eafe
the Kidnies if applied to them outwardly. The Oil is purging. Given
with Milk it is good in the Collick, and inwardly applied it is good
for pains. It flops Vomiting if the Bark be hanged about the Neck.

Clnfms was miflaken when he thought this Oil was extracted out of the
Phyfick-Nut, for ’tis commonly out of this which has a rough or mu related.
Fruit, whereas that has not, neither has the Phyfick-Nut a fpotted Seed, al¬
though an Oil is drawn out of that too, but Monardes his defcriprion of the
Tree to be like our Ricinus, muft make it this Tree, and not the other
which has a Face quite different.

Tis good for clearing Negroes Skins, and for Lice on the Head. Tertre .
Oleum Kicininum Diojccr. de Kerva Arabb. is made by beating ( the Seeds,
and pouring water, which is after heated on them, it fwims at top, and is
us’d for Lamps in Egypt. Cord, in Diofc.

Thefe Seeds taken inwardly Purge upwards and d6un\Vards with great
Anxiety. ld. Hifi.pl. - '

It is fowed in Fields about Milan for Oil for Lamps. Gefn.

Thirty Grains beaten and drank Purges by Vomit and Stool bufi. Fuchfi
Lon. Trag. The Leaves help Inflamations of the Eyes and Breaft beaten
with Vinegar, and applied. Lon.

The Inhabitants of Pantalaree, who are Poor, ufe the Oil made pf this
(if it be what he means) for Lamps and eating, and anoint their Hair there-
with to make it grow. Nicol.

It is good for the fame purpofes that Oleum de Cherva. is Mefi Frarcf
The Leaves help St. Antonies Fire.

Five, feven, or at moll fifteen Seeds are a Dofe. Met. Thirty endangers
life. - 8

‘ I

The Oil is good for Plaiflers and Ointments.’ This W4s what fliaded
Jonas, as Arias Mont anus fays. , Dod.

A fpoonfiil of the Oil Purges not, nor three fpoonfuls in a Glifler. The
Leaves are good in the Head-ach. Stubbs , Phil, tranf. N®.

Green Oil is made fb of Ebulus Fruit. Matth.

The Oil is called Azeyte de Cherva. Lac. . ' • ■

* Three of the Seeds of thefe of Syria, which are larger, ate a Purge. Cam.

An Anonymus Portugal ap. Purchds, lib . 7. cap. 1. p. 1308. tells us that
in Brafile they dry them four days in the Sun, Stamp and Se'eth them, an Oil
comes at top, which is ufed for giving light, . and anointing the Stomach
to flop Vomiting, it alfo takes away Oppilations and Collick. Ramify
p. r. cap. 4. relates that it is found about Tripoli in great abundance. BeU
lonins cap. r8. that it grows to a Tree.

V 31

uj 3 i I'O

r

:i3

no v

IX. Ricinus Amer teams major cattle virefeente, hort. Reg . Par. Cfi. p.^. kiki
Mir and. Sin. & Eur. p. 894. Lath fils major five cat aputia major, u Ricinus.
Ambrof. h. 36. '

' This differs only frdffl the former In having, its Stalk and Leaves green,
whereas the other has them redifh ; wherefore' t doubt it fs only a variety

df the precedent. . ' ' 1 '

' . a .e 1. • otiA 3VCn .

1 2 8 The Natural Hi [lory of Jamaica.

Brafil Worm Muf p.m. Noix Medecindes de Bouton, p 64. Barb ado Seeds of
Med. Cur. Noix de medecine de Roche f. Tall. p. xf. Ricinoides Americana gof-
fypbi folio . Tournef Inf. p. $66*

This Tree has deep brown Roots. It nfes to about twenty Foot high,
with a Trunc of foft Wood as thick as ones Leg, having a whitifh coloured
bark below, but towards the ends of its Branches the Bark is green, where
are many Leaves fct irregularly on all Tides, having each a fix Inches long
Foot-Stalk. The Leaf its felf is roundilh, fomething like to a Fig-Leaf,
only not fo much laciniated, being foft, or a little woolly, having a very
ftrong unfavoury fmefl. They, and the Bark yield a wheyifli Liquor in
pretty great plenty which Rains Linnen. The Flowers come in Bunches on
three" Inches long Stalks near the ends of the Twigs. They are green pent*-
petalous the pet da being bowed back downwards, with yellow Stamina with¬
in, of a fweetilh fmell. After thefe follow the Fruit , feveral together
hanging downwards from pretty long Stalks, bigger than HafehNuts, firft
green, then yellow and brown, when ripe, having three obtufe Tides, the
outward Husk, or ftrong brown fmooth Membrane, breaking in three
places of its felf, difcovers three feveral Nuts or Kernels, each lodged in
his own Cell, feparated from the others by a partition, every one being
alined round, oblong, like, but bigger than a Pine-Nut, covered with a
rough or Icabrous dark brown Shell, breaking or cracking in Tome places
where ’tis whitifli. The Kernel confifts of two fweet, very white Lobes
divided by a white Membrane, it is covered with a white thin felliculc ,

like that of the infide of an Egg-{hell.

I take this to be the guauhayohnatlis 3, of Hernandez, and Ximenes, as I
have Paid already in my Catalogue f. 40. notwithstanding what is Paid by

Dr. Plukenet in his Mantiff. p,i6z. '

Aldinus, or rather Petrus Caftellus , has given a good figure of this Plant.

Thefe Seeds were put out of ufe by Mechoacan. Frag .

It is planted for Hedges at all times, and every where in Jamaica , being
cafily propagated by the flip. A quick grower, and good Fence; but of its
felf it grows on Banks near Rivers and Gullies every where.

I was very Sick, and fo were all that were on Shear (at Sierra Leona) with
me, with eating of a Fruit of the Country, which we found on Trees, like
Nuts, whereof Tome did eat four, Tome five, fome fix and more, but we
Vomited, and Scoured upon it without Reafon. Ward ap. Haki p. 3.

7 Hughes, tells us p. 81. that three growing together are a Dote to weak
Bodies, five, feven, or nine to others ftrongcr. One eat thirty or forty,
and came off, they work upwards and downwards, cleanfing the Body of
tough humours.

Ligon. p. 66. relates that in Barbados they likewife Plant it for Palifadoes,
keeping it even with Rails and Brackets, and that no Cattle comes near it.
The fame tells us p. 67. that from five to three are a good Vomit, and that
if you take out the Film it Vomits not.

Cluftus fays that half a Grain will Purge violently upwards and down¬
wards, in which his Relator deceived him, or he meant of the pinei nuclei
Mducani Acofta or Granatilli.

The Nuts are given from three to feven for a Vomit, and arc counted hoc
in the third, and dry in the fecond degree. ,

It very often happens that new comers are deceived by thefe Nuts, being
invited to eat them, by their pleafant taft. I have known feveral fo de¬
ceived, but never any fuffer more than a fevere Vomit. Sometimes they are
candied with Sugar into a Sweet-Meat, on purpofe to deceive people, who
eating of them unawares, ate purged upwards and downwards with violence.

The

The Natural Hi ft or y of Jamaica. 129

1 The£r,eat par,C °,f t1'1’e Seed,‘s diviflble into Parts, but therel.es in
the middle m the hollow, a film which confifts not only of two peifeS

Leaves, anlwerable to Lobes in other Kernels, bur of thefe parts that be-
come Trunc and Root. Grew.

In old Obftruaions of the Bowels, four or five of thefe ripe Kernels freed
from their inward and outward pellicles or Membranes, then tolled and in-
fus d in H me, are accounted a good remedy. They Purge upwards and
downwards with that violence, that four will eaufe filch lymptoms fome-
times as will forre the ufe of Countet-Poyfons or Op.ats. They are like,
wife ufeful m affording an Oil for Lamps which the ufe ,q

Brafll. 1 he Oil of this as well as of the Ricinus purges. Tift.

The inward Skin being taken out they purge more gently.

They fometimes Purge, but Vomit chiefly thick and ’tough Humours
therefore they are given in antient Diflempers either five or (even, always odd
but they are firlt torrefied, and then when marfli’d, they are Iteep’d in Win e

or Water to be made milder. They are hot and oily. Hernand. ' His Figure
is very bad- 5

The Dole is from three to fix. Tertre, five Rochef. Rain dropping from
them ltains Linnen. id. ■

XL Ricinus minor ftaphyfagria folio, flore fentapetalo purpurea. Cut. p. 4 r.
Tab. 84. Ricinus Amcricanus laSlefcens, trilobate folio perennis flore nigri cants
hort. Beaum p. 3 6. Ricinus Americanos perennis fiaribus piirpureis Staphfdif
agri£ foliis* Commel. hort. Am(l . p. 17. Ricinoides Americana, (l aphis apr/#
folio. Tournefort. Infi. p. 5 66. Wild Cajfada. t S

The Root of this is tapering, white, freight, two Inches long, having
iome few fibers drawing its Nourifliment, The Stem feldom nfes above two
Foot high ; it divides into Branches fpreading themfelves on every hand
they and the Stem being crooked, and having a light brown coloured Bark!
The Leaves Hand on long and rough Foot-Stalks, and are divided always
into five points when old, at the tops, or when young, into three Larini*
which are of a reddifli colour, like Staphifacre, or fomewhat like Mmdihoca
whence the common name of Wild Cajfada in ail our Plantations. They are
of a dark, or very frelh green colour, and an vmfavoury fmell The Flowery
ftand many together, on ihort Foot-Stalks, on the tops of the Branches, arc?
Tentapetalous of a purple colour, with yellow Stamina, and very (mail, /iftef
thefe follows, a triquetrous Fruit covered with a dark brown mutficated
Skin, under which lie three hard clay coloured Shells, having a finus op de-
preflion on their outmof corner or edge, and inclofing each within it an
oblong Seed like the other Ricini, of an afh/hining colour, with two Green
Ears and a white Pulp.

It grows in the Savannas every where in Jamaica, as alfo in all the C«f-
r'tbes, and on the main Continent of America .

The Figures of the three Plants mentioned in my Catalogue, and cut by
Dr. Plukenet in his Thf agraphia, agreeing with this Plant, which has fame-
times in its Leaves five, and fometimes three Lacin’ue, taken notice of by me
m its Figure and Defcription, makes me believe they may be ail the fame
notwithfanding what he Fays in his Mantjjja, p idr.

This is the mod general remedy of the poorer fort in the dry Befly-ach,
they take of the Leaves from (even to twenty one, and boil them, drinking
the Decp&ion, and when nothing will move to Stool, they will. ’Tis not
only ufod in our Plantations for this purpofe, but on the main Conti*
nent of America, as I have been informed by thofe who prafifed Phyfick
among the Spaniards inhabiting thofe parts.

L 1

Tl»

130

The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica.

The Seeds are very much coveted and eaten by ground Doves, whence
they are ufed as baits to allure them into the C lav antes , or Traps made
of Reeds, by Negroes, to catch them.

This feems to be the Plant Hucipochotl defcribed and figured by Hernan¬
dez. nothing obdru&ing but the qualities, which he fays, eaten as a boil’d
Sallad redores the colour, when this purges very much, although thofe qua¬
lities may be confident. The diddled water is very cordial, redoring even
almod the dead. Five or feven of the Kernels, freed of their covering
Membrane, Purge Flegm and Choler, both upwards and downwards, and
that fo gently, that the lead thing taken dops them, if it be expedient. It
is hot, and moid, or temperate. Hernandez .

XII. Ricinus minor viticis ohtufo folio, caule verrticofo, flore pentapetalo, albido,
ex cujus radice tuber osa, fucco venenato turgidd, Americani panem confidant. Cat.
p. 41. Tab. 85. Jucca Muf Svrammerd. p. iz. Manihok of Ogilby. Afr. p. $56.
An Hiuca five Mizmaitl. Hernand. p. 378* Mandihoca de Efquemchng. p. 55.
Manycc de Rc chef. Tail. p. 5 z. d Olivier Oexmelin, p. 74. Worm. Muf. p. 160.
Caffavi vel Tuca. Contant. p.z. Magnec. de Biet. p. 336. Giucca Muf. Mcfc. p. z6o.
Ricinus fiari inifera heptaphyllos, ex cujus radice venenata, placentas & panem con-
ficiunt. Americani. Pluk. Mant.p. 1 61. Ricinus Americanus pentaphyllos, radii 5
foliorum integris, fubtus glaucis, Caffava Barbadenfibus diclus. Bob.hiJt.Ox. part.
3. />. 3 48. Manihct Theveti, Jucca &Ca(favi. J. B. Tournefort. Infi. 65-8.

This has an oblong tuberous Root, as big as ones Fid, having dome
fibers drawing its Nourilhment, and being full of a wheyifh venemous Juice.
The Stalks are white, crooked, brittle, having a very large Pith, and fe-
veral knobs dicking out on every fide like Warts, being the remainder of
the Leaves Foot-Stalks, which are dropt off. It ufually rifes fix or feven
Foot high, and has a fmooth white Bark 3 the Branches, which come out on
every hand, towards the top are crooked, and have on every fide, near
their tops, Leaves irregularly plac’d, which are finger’d like thofe of Agnus
Caflus, Flemp or Lupins, each Leaf having a four or five Inch long Foot-
Stalk, and being cut, or divided almod to the centre or end of the Foot-
Stalk into five or feven parts, each Se&ion whereof is five or fix Inches long,
has one middle Rib, coming from the end of the Foot-Stalk, fending tranf-
verfe Nerves to the fides, it is an Inch broad in its middle where broaded.*
fmooth and of a dark green colour. The Flowers are pendulous, hanging
down from the tops of the Twigs by three or four Inch branched Stalks, on
the ends of which four or five hang together by fmall Foot-Stalks ; being of
a pale colour pentapctalous, with yellow Stamina in the middle, they are
urcoolated, or fwell’d in the middle, like thofe of Arbutus. After thefe
follows a triquetrous Fruit, about the bignefs of a Hafel-Nut, covered
with a thin green Skin having fix Creds or Ledges on its Surface, and con¬
taining in feveral fliells, three oblong gray Seeds, like thefe of the other
Ricini, fpotted with black fpots.

It is planted every where, but more efpecially in the Low Lands, where
it feldom Rains, this enduring the want of that better than any other of
the Vegetables, whence Bread is made in thefe parts.

It is of the mod general ufe of any Provifion all over the Wefi-Indies,
efpecially the hotter parts, and is ufed to Vidual Ships.

ft is ripe twelve months after Planting, and ready to pull up for ufe. The
longer ’tis planted the heavier is the Bread made of it, and it being fold
by weight the more profitable. The new is Pleafanter for ufe in ones
Family.

Martyr,

The Natural Hi ft or y of Jamaica. 1 3 1

Martyr, by Relations from the Weft-Indies, gives it two years to ripen,
to make of’ it the Bread Cazabi, which keeps two years, and fays that they
planted it in raifed heaps nine Foot fquare, putting therein twelve pieces,
and that they had a Tradition that one Boitius, a wife old Man, finding it
on a Rivers brink brought it to his Garden, and that after feveral Trials,5 by
which fome were killed, they came to the knowledge of the Juices beint* the
Poyfon, and fo came to prepare it right. The Juice when boiled is pleafanter
and as innocent as Whey.

Tttca, as Oviedo tells us in his Coron. lib.y. cap.x. Is of two forts, theftrft:
with Jong and narrow Leaves, the fecondlhort and broad. The Indians make
fmall round hillocks, almoft touching one another, in which are put eight or
ten pieces of the Trunc of the Tuca, which takes Root, and is weeded in the
Continent. It kills not as that in Hifpaniold, called Boniata, , which is like
the other, therefore they eat its Root, not made into Bread. Cazabi Bread
is made by taking of the Rind of the Root with Shells, grating it, putting
it into Bags made of Tree-Bark, prefling it, and putting it over the Fire. A
Draught of the Juice Kills, but if it has three or four heats the Poyfon
vanilhes, and the Indians eat it, but they eat not this when cold ; becaufe
though it be no Poyfon, yet it is of bad Digeflion. Evaporated it turns
Sweet, and then Vinegar, but there’s need of neither, becaufe of the plenty
of Unions and Sugar. It keeps a year, and the Root muff be ten months
old at lead. 1 he Root kill d the Indians in two or three days, and the
Juice prefently. Fifty died together with the Juice.

The venemous quality lies not in the Juice only, feparated from Earth
elfe the Juice alone would be Poyfon, whereas the whole Root is fo. The
Venom lies chiefly in volatile parts, going away by Co&ion. Aldinus.

The Plant figur’d by Hernandez and Terrentius, under the name of I/iuca
five Mizmaitl. leems not this Caffada, but rather a Serpentaria by its Figure,
but I am notwithftanding apt to believe, confidering Hernandez's Errors'
this may be it.

The Juice of this Root (called Manipuera in Brafile') is poyfonous, not
only to Men, but all forts of Cattle, unlefs they be ufed to it. I have
feen Swine ufed to it, drink of it running from the Prels, very fweetly, al¬
though to others, of the fame kind, not ufed to it, it had been prefent
death, by the relation of thofe knowing it.

The Symptoms following its being taken according to Pifo, are fwelling of
the Body, pain and fqueamilhnefs at the Stomach, with tenefmus and belch-
ings, dimnefs of the Eyes, Vertigos, conftant Head-aches, cold in the extreme
parts, Swoonings, and Death follows; wherefore thofe preparing this Root
fortifie their Stomach and Heart, with fome Arnotto, Roots and Flowers of
Nhambi, againft: it, mixing them with their Meats and Drinks. The Juice
kept fome time corrupts, breeding Worms, called Topuru, of which pow¬
dered is made a greater Poyfon, which, if given alone, in fmall quantities,
kills prefently, but if mix’d with Nhambi Flowers does it leifurely, whereby
the Authors are .undifeovered. The beft Remedies are Vomits given pre¬
fently , and Clyfters mix’d with Alexipharmacs ; then Diuretics, and fuch
as caufe Sweat, as Malva d' Ifco, pe de Galinha, Jurupeba, Uruca, &c. Then
the Root, and cfpscially the Juice of the Pine-Apple frequently taken, and
in large Draughts. If the Juice be boiled the Poyfon evaporates, and the
remaining part becomes nourilhing. Pifo.

It was in Angola, and there called Hiucca ( Monardes ,) it Loves high dry
Land. ^ WetTpoils the Bread, Farinha relada is the name given the Meal
when dry, The Juice evaporated over the Fire gives the Tipioca Meal, the
Leaves beaten and boiled are eaten after the manner of Spinach, and called
Manicoba. Tipioca, if well kept, is good againft Dyfenteries, &c.

No

13*

7 he Natural Hi (lory of Jamaica.

No increafe is from the Root, it dying prefenrly when out of the Earth.
The Hills for it are made three Foot broad, and half a Foot high, that the
water may fall off, the Juice boiled to the Confidence of Pottage is eaten
The Tuice is Tweet, but kills in two hours time, lets fall the Sediment, which
dryed is called Tipioca, from whence Starch and feveral Medicines Apima-

caxera is the only eatable Caffada Root, it is eaten roftec

Gomeraf; ays that in zz and zf. beyond the Equino&ial, in going to Ma

gellan Straits, they eat of Bread of Madera Rallada. cap . 91.
g Ch rifle file de Acugna, and from him Count Pagan in his Relation of tie
River Amazcnes, fays the Inhabitants of the Hies of that River make the
Bread and Drink of this Root, and that they keep it under ground, well
covered at top with Clay, from hurt by the Inundations there.

One fort of it on the Main eatable. Gem.

It came from Brafil to St. Thomas. If Boild it is innocent fwells muc i
whence a Law in the Indies, that it Ihould never be put to Table with¬
out Wine or Water, left people Ihould be fuffocated with its ^veiling.

It is not fo wholefome as Wheat, and cannot be made light- Roelf. In
their coming to St. Thomas gave over Jams, this being found firmer Nounfh-

™Monits and Lighten, fays that on the Continent the Root or Juice is
not poylonous, but on Santh Domingo it is which is falfe, but there is one
different kind of this Root in both thofe places, which is not poyfonous,

and which in Jamaica they Roll; and Eat-

The Brafilians, either dried on the Boucan or Green, grate it on final!

fharp Stones fet in a Plank, reduce it to Flower or Meal having the ; feent
of new making Starch, fift it, and put it into an earthen Pan, and fet it over
the Fire, ever moving or flirting it with Gourds cut in two, which they ufe
for Spoons. That baked (oft, is good for common ufe, the other for carry¬
ing to War. Ouyenta, the name of this, which is hard and very much back d.
Ouy-pon the name of the other. It will not make Loaves, although it will rife
with Leaven; the upper part drying, while the inward is meally This by
Comoro in Gin. HiJUes Indis, is called Boh grate hi. a. cap. 91. Both Meals
are good to make Boulie called Mingtnt. The /mW eat this Meal inftead
of Bread, and throw it into their Mouths with their four Fingers never mif¬
fing, which the French could not do, making their Faces meally. The Green
Roots preffed yield a Milk or Juice, which fet in the Sun till it thickens,
and then put on the Pans makes good Meat, or Pancakes. A,f, is good
if bak’d in the Allies, but Manic t is Poyfon, unlefs well bakd in Bread.
Pieces of thefe Stalks give great Roots in two or three months, p. M-Len,
They to make their drink, llice the Roots, boil them in water till tender,
and when cold chaw them, putting them out of their Mouths into Jars
on the Fire, making them boil again, when boild enough they take it oft
and put it into other Jars, and there letting it work, cover it for ule. A
drink is made of Maiz boild and chawed the fame way. Id. p. ijz. called
Cacuin. No Men are to meddle with it in making. They drink it hot and
muddy, three days and nights they are at it. They never mix drinking and
eating. Eat when hungry, and never fpeak at meals. They ilept on drink¬
ing our Sack two or three days. They try d to make it without chawing,
but it would not do. Water, their ordinary Drink, never did them harm.
The chawing Cacuin is not worfe than Wine made with Feet. Idem.

It is in ule for two thouland Leagues. Thevet. who makes that of the
Continent differ from that of the Hies, but without reafon.

The Bread is Caqavi, like a Target, it mull be moiftened in Water or
Pottage, whereby it fwells, to eat well, and neither in Milk, Cane Juice, or

Wine will it fwelJ. It has no taft but greac Nourilhment, and does not

Surieit.

The Natural Hi ft of y Jamaica.

Surfeit. is the fined ‘fort of Tuca which is eatable, roded or boiled,

its Juice being no Poyfon. Tuca is common in the Ifies- Ac oft a.

The Stalks two Spans long, are buried, in tumuli , called Conitdos, It’4
ready in two years. The Indians clean it with Flints found by the Shore
Prefs out the venemous Juice and bake it. It keeps three years, and has need
of fomething of Broth to moiden it. Benzc.

X\ll Rianus minor viticis anguflo mucronato folio, caule verrucofo^ flore penta-
mal° aikido, ex cujus radice tuberosa fucco venenata turgida, Americani panem con -
ficiunt. Cat. p. 44. f

I obferv’d this Kind indifferently with the former, of which I fuppofe ’tis
a variety.

XI V. Ricino affinis odor if era fruticofa major, rorifmarini folio, fruBu tri-
roc co aikido . Cat. p. 44. Tab. 86. Fig. 1. Wild Rofemary or Spanifb Rofe»
mary.

This Shrub has a Trunc aS big as ones Arm, covered with a light brown,
fmooth Bark, rifing five Foot high, having many white Branches, befet with
Leaves in Tufts, at about an Inches didance from one another. Each of
them is two Inches long, and a quarter of an Inch broad, green above, and
very white below, Banding on an eighth part of an Inch’s long white Foot¬
stalk, beginning narrow, and ending in a point. The tops of the Branches,
for three Inches in length, are let thick with Email white Flowers^ Spike-
fafhion, made up of many Stamina, in a pentaphyllous white Capfula, or
within five gteenifh white Pet ala. After this follows a tricoccous Fruit, disk¬
ing dole to the Stalk, fmooth and whitilh, larger than that of the CbamHed
tricoccos, each of the three Tides containing an oblong, brown, fhinine Seed*

The whole Plant frnells very gratefully and drong.

It grows every where in great abundance on the Red Hills, and near
T affage Fort on the Road coming from thence to Town.

IMS ufed very much in all forts of Medicated Baths, and Fomentations
for Hydropick Legs, &c.

In refpecB of the Fruit, this agrees with the Pct-Tfurou-Ponnagam. H. M.

■

XV. Ricino affinis odorifera fruticofa minor, teucrii folio, frutfu tricocco

dilute purpurea. Cat. p. 44. Tab. 86. Fig. 3. An Teucrii foliis frutex Cu*
rafjavicus. P. B. p. 38a ? P luk. Tab. 2.2,8. Fig. 4 ? Teucrio fimilis Indie a fruticofa-
foliis crafftufculis, Hort.Beaum.i J

This has feveral fmall woody Branches about four or five Foot long, feme--
times rifing upright, and at other times lying along the Surface of the Earth,
having a gray Bark. The Twigs have Leaves at their ends, Banding round
them, about an Inch and one third in length, and of an Inches breadth, Oval,
fnipt about the edges, and of a very dark green colour, fomething like Ger¬
mander, the Flowers confid of fix greenilh Stamina , coming from the fame
Center, Banding in a pentaphyllous green Capfula, coming out ex alls foL
by very fhort Foot-Stalks, to which follows a green, fmall, tricoccous Seed,
Which afterwards grows as big as that of Heliotr opium tricocson only ’tis
fmooth, and of a very pleafant pale purple colour.

The Leaves of this Plant bruiled are very odoriferous.

It grew among the Trees of a Wood, between the Town Savanna and two
Mile Wood.

M3

M m

Of

\

Of Long-Tepper,

ALthough that which is the Long-Pepper of the Shops is not to bd
found in the Weft- Indies, yet there *ate many Of that: Tribe and Fa¬
mily. They have no perfed Flower, or at lead it is fo little, that*|i$90t
taken notice of, for there comes out a Tmall Juliis, which increafes ’till the
Fruit comes to its juft dimenfioris, which id varibus, irfd lifering Torts of it,
but all of them are generally longer, and (mailer than that of the Shops or-
Eaft. They feem to come neared the Nettle of any of this Tribe, which
have a String with Seeds dicking to it round about, fomewhat like thole of
this julus. Ail of them which are not herbaceous, have an hollow jointed
Trunc, at every joint there is a LSaf, atid oppofite tb it the Julus or Fruit,
which is modly fweet fmelled, Atomltick, and biting. The Leaves are for
the greated part nervous, by which marks, they are eafily didingui(hed from
any other Plants. The Fruit, Tail, or Julus, is a String, oh which are
fadened round it many very fmall Seeds clofe to 6n‘6 another, as if they were
united. The others, with thefe , are For Affinities fake added. The
round black or white Pepper, feems in every thirig to be the fame, only to
differ in having much larger Acini, and of this fort likewife is the Betle
cat in the Eaft-lndies.

Jaborandi guacu Braf, Mentz. is of this Kinds'. • :

: : i.i v.v .‘Z V

mj c

^ f«01 •

XVI. Piper longum arboreum altius, folio nervofo m’tnore , [pic a graciliari &
breviori. Cat. p. 44. Tab. 87. Fig. 1. Ciribea Worm. muf. p. 196. quoad defcr.:
Mecaxuchitl Ejujd. p. 208. quoad fig. An Plant a Julifera aromatica in uligi-
nofts crefcens locis. D. Banifter> Long-Pepper of Leigh ap. Purcbas, lib. 6.
cap. 13. p. 1154. where ’tis propofed asaC o«.-/iodity from Guiana >

This has feveral Stems rifing twelve or fih < oot high, they are draighr,
green, fmooth, jointed, and at every joint they are protuberant, didant from
each other fometimes low near the Root, a Foot, hollow, whence the name of
Elder. Upwards the joints are at lefs didance from one another. The Stalks
have a Pith fomewhat like our Elder. Towards the top dands the Leaves,
one at a joint, they dand on one tenth part of an Inch long Foot-Stalks,
art two Inches long, one broad near the round Bale, where broaded, whence*
they end in a point. The Nerves or Fibers, run the lengths of the Leaves
from the Foot-Stalks end, as from a common Center, and have tranfverfe
ones, making a pleafant Ihow in a very dark green, fmooth Leaf The fcent
of the Leaves, when rubbed, is very Aromatick. Oppofite to the Leaf
comes a Julus about one Inch long, (lender, and of a yellowifli pale colour,
relembling Long-Pepper.

There is a variety in this, as to the length and lhape of the Leaves, they
being fometimes longer, and not fo broad at Bale.

Fife’s Figure is good.

It grows in Jamaica near Colonel Cope s Plantation, on a Hill above his
Houle, and in Barbados.

The Leaves and Fruit of this is thought good againd the Belly-ach, being
boiled and eaten in their Pepper Pots or Pottages.

The Leaves and Root (the Fruit being not much ufed, becaufe of fo many
other forts of Pepper) are very hot, and edeemed extraordinary good,
when dryed, to make all forts of corroborating and drengthning Baths,
againd all manner of cold Didempers, in lieu of all other hot and drength¬
ning Herbs. Fife.

The

I

ory of Jamaica.

Tlie leaves of this Plant heal Ulcers of the Legs. The Rost is verv
poweiful'^ainft fwellings. Marcgr. ‘ ^

Tldilanqnaje and Acapatli. of Hernand. and Xim. are fo very conMedly
Figured and Defcnbed, that I can make nothing of them, though I believe

there are two forts common to NcwSpain and this Illand, whereof this
as one. ,

; » This Wood is made ufe of to ftrike fire, if held between the Knees and
a hard (tick with a tapering point turn’d round in it by the Hands. * The
Deco&ion of the Roots and Tops diftipates grofs Humors, and heals Hv-
dropick People. The Leaves applied, Cure bad Ulcers, and hoc Baths
are made with them for cold Fluxions. The Seed gives a good tail to
Meat boiled with them, Tertre .

The Fruit, but efpecially the^ Deco&ion of the Root, is ufed in the Ifies
againft the Stomach Evil, caufed from intemperate cold, and moifture of
the fame, from too much Fruit, Drinks of the Country, or not being

covered in a morning. They give two Glades of it warm, and walk till
they Sweat. Plum.

XVI L Piper longum - fdio nervofo pallide viridi, humilius. Cat. p. 44. Tab. 87J
/%; z. Arbufcula Rrafitienfis piperis facie julifera Rail hifl. append. />. 19 r 4 An
lUtUncuaje feu piper longum poprius quoad iconem Hern? Jonfl. dendr.' 170 *
Plant ula peregrim Cluf. Exot. UK 4. c n. Jonfl . dendr. 181. Chabr 1I7
Piper longum anguflifftmum ex Florida. C. B. pin. 4xi. Piper ex Florida. J. B.
t.2. hb i§. p. 187. Chabr. 116. ‘Ar-hor pipuifera.: fruSMlongo Floridana . Jonfl
dendr. 1 80. An Amolago H. M. p f yi ? Spamfh Elder. , J Jf

This Shrub has around green Stem, four or five Foot high, having pro¬
tuberant joints here and there, ft that eefemfetiug Elder, w hente, and from the
pith or hollo wnefs, the name. The Branches are likewife jointed, and there
comes out Leaves, fir ft -on one fide from one joint, and then from the other
another Leaf on the fide 'opposite to that, and to alternatively always one
being at a joint. fFhe Leaves have ftarce any Foot-Stalks, are five Inches’long
and two broad in the middle where broad eft, rough, having a great marfiv
large Nerves, running from the main one to the fides of the Leaves of a vel-
lowilh green colour. At the joints on the fide oppofite to the Leaf towards
the top of the Branch goes out a Spike or Julus , (landing on an half Inch long
Foot-Stalk, of a palegreenilh colour, and final! aromatjck biting taft four
Inches long, like that of Long-Pepper, being fomewhat like a Rats’ Tail
and being generally crooked. . I.,;,.. . .

This agrees in every thing to P ifo’s Bet re vel Betys, except in the white
Ipots he marks on the Stalk, but being in every thing elfe it has fo perfetft an
agreement with it, I take it to be the fame. r

It grows on the moift Banks of Rie-Cobre , near the Crefcent Plantation)
and in feveral other places of the Ifland, and in Barbadoes. 9

The July , which are like Long-Pepper, are of no ufe, the Root is very
famous. It has fomething Aromatiek, and in taft, colour, and fmell re-
lembles Ginger, efpecially if it be frelh, and then it is not inferiour to it. It is
very hot and dry. A Deco&ion of the Leaves, and Roots, Cures the Col-
u andP2ins of the Limbs» safes the windy Belly, and takes away the
cold tumors of the Feet. The fam® is done by Baths and Fomentations!,
Pifi

■ Pips Figure is bad.

XVIII. Piper longum arbor turn foliis
Fig. u 6 - • '

latifimir, Cat, p. 4y.' Tab. 881

3 6 The Natural Hi (lory of J amaica.

This agreed -exaflly with thofe of this Kind immediately preceding, m
its T unc Joints, &c. only’twas higher and larger t the Leaves were hkewife
very different, being much larger, they flood on one third part of an Inch
Iona Foot-Stalks, were eight Inches long, and four broad, near the begin¬
ning where broadeft, being pointed at the end, and round.Ih, at beginning
fmooth, of a dark green colour, and having few Veins in companion with
thofe preceding, and in proportion to the Leaf. The Spike or Jains was

^It'grew'fn^he Woods not far from Rio-Nuevo in the North fide of this
Ifland.

XIX. Piper Ungum racemoftm mahactam. Cat. p. 45. Santa Maria

L<This has a ftrong Root compofed of feveral very fhort blackifi ones
which fend up a ftraight Stalk, as thick as ones Thumb, jointed, of a gray
colour rough, round, ftriated, with feme furrows m it, nfing three or
four Foot hfgh, having towards the top Leaves alternatively, fitft on one,
then on the odier fide of the Stalk, at the joints where its four or five
Inches long round Foot-Stalk encompaffes the Stalk, leaving a mark when
it falls off8 The Leaves are cordated or like a Heart, or thofe of the lme-
T tee only the Nerves run from the top of the Foot-Stalk, as from a common
Center, through the whole Leaf, which is very foft, of a dark green colour
fomewhat like thofe of Mallows , and of about (even and eight Inches
Diameter. The Flowers and Fruit come out ex alts fol being three or four
£Ttwo Inches long, at firft white, then green. Handing upon a common

halTheyhgrow inXny^lhady moift Woods, andbyfhady River fides, very

^The* Leaves being very foft and large, are applied to the Head when it
akes or to any of the joints in the Gout, and are thought to cafe pain
fn everv aSefled part and therefore this is efteemed as a very rare Re-
medy, by all Indians ’and Negroes, and moft part of Planters, but I could
not find that this Leaf could do any more than Colewotts, only t.s not fo

nervous, and fo fofter. ‘t , .7

The Leaves are boiled and eaten in Pottage by the %w.

If the Juli or Pepper be boiled in water, and exp°fed t° the Sun they
grow Wronger and more durable for all ufes. The Root tolls like Clover,
and is hot to the third Degree, reckoned a Counter-Poyfon, and of thin
fubtle and therefore opening parts. If bruifed and put like a Poultels to
l„y difeaTcd part;1t ripens andlleanfes. The juice of the Leaves becaufe
cold, eafes burnings ; and the Leaves put into Clyfters, have the fame qua¬
lities with Mallows. Pifo- , .

It is called in Sanlto Domingo Collet de Notredame. P.nmter.

This is not the Serpentaria repens florihm ftamtnns fptcatss bryoma folia am-
fhim pingui. Plukenet. pljt. Tab. .17. /%• ?• & 4- : Dr. thinks ,n h.s

Mant. 1 1 jo. Any perfon conpating that with this will find many differences.

* • f. ...... . , , ; 1 • •• : i.; . • % . JJ

XX. Piper Ionium humilius frutfu e fummitate cauhs Pr°deufte'Jf‘l?‘
Mecaxuchitl. Worm. Muf. p zc8. quoad defer. Piper longw BrafiL Bjfrfd f. ziy.

This has a creeping jointed Root, linking into the lode Earth, feveral
Tufts of hairy fibers at the joints. The Stalks are round, green join e
rifing a Foot high, the Leaves are feveral, placd the length of the Stalk
one by one, are tour Inches long, and two broad, at the top where broadeft,
having no Foot-Stalk, beginning narrow, and augmenting by degrees to the
ton they arc thick, lucculent, fmooth, of a dark green colour, having

The Natural Hifiory ^Jamaica.

*37

fome few veins vifible on their upper furface, like thole of Water-Plan-
tane and fomeumes a little defeft or notch at the upper end of the Leaf
At the top of the Stalk is a jointed, red Foot-Stalk, fuftaining a (lender
four Inches long Spike, Julus, or Ligula, like that of OpbiogMum.ot fomeof

The Plant, if tub’d, fmells very gratefully

1 with fmaikr and ^ ^ch

It grew in a Wood near Mt.Batcbdor s Houfe, and in fevera! thick and tall
Ihady Woods of this I Hand, and in Barbadoes on rocky grounds
It is hot in the fourth Degree, and dry in the third. It is drunk with
CW«, and gives it a good tad, it ftrengthens the Heart, heats the Sto“
mach, gives a Iwcet Breath, attenuates grofs and thick Humours refill*
Poyfon, the //«c PalTion and Colick, is olredck, helps the c“ Jtd
expels the dead Child, helps the Birth, opens Obftrudions, and Cures
pains from cold. It takes of the cold of Fevers, and fuch like. Hernand

XXL Piper longum minimum, herbacetim , [ea»denss rotundifolium. Cat. p. 4f’

Serpent art a repens Americana, ditfamni cretici villojis foliis apicibus nonnihil ft-
nuatis. Fluke n. Aim. p. 343. r J

This has a jointed, round, fmooth, juicy Stalk, like that of Purflane;
The Joints were an Inch and a half diftant one from the other, and from
each of theft : went leveral fibrils, into the Barks of Trees, or ground thus
drawing its Nounfliment, and propagating its felf for feveral Feet in length
by either climbing Trees, or creeping along the furface of the Earth. At
each joint, was, on every fide of the Stalk, one Leaf alternatively Band¬
ing on three quarters of an Inch long red Foot-Stalk, almoft round, being
more than an Inch long, and about three quarters of an Inch broad, fmooth
of a yellowilli green colour, juicy, and having Ribs like thofe of Water-
antane. On the tops of the Branches ex alii fol. came feveral two or three
Inchlong, round, green yuh or tops, final!, having fome brown foots on them
and being exa&ly like the tops of Moufe-Tail. ^ '

It grew on the larger Trees, and ground, in the Woods between Guanabu
and Colonel B our dens Plantation. ^

Iihould not have thought Dr. Plukemt' s Title abovementioned, to have
belonged to this Plant, had not he pofitively Paid it, p. 177. of his Mantijfi

XXII. taruma de Oviedo Cat. p. 45. Tab. 88. Fig. 1. & fab. g9. Am-
baybahg-Trees of an Amn-,mus Portugal of Brajile, Punkas, lib. 7. cap.

This is well deferibed and figured by Marcgrave and Pifi, and grows eve-
ry where in the Canoes and Jamaica in the Woods, and is generally beinp
a quick grower, the firft infefting clear’d grounds, being for the mod par!
Without Branches, though fometimes it has them, ^

It is ufed lor the making of Bark-Logs or Floats, the Stalks being empty
and light to lie under heavier Timber, and float it down the Rivers to the
mvns, where it may be ufefui, and Peter Marty, as well as Lopez de Gomara
cent us that a Lucaya Indian Carpenter, fill’d oneofthefe Trees (after having
Tucjiwed it, and ftopt the ends; with Maiz, and Gourds with water 5 and
' J1 anocher Man and Woman went to Sea, in order to go to their own
Cbuntry (whence they had been carried, and made Slaves in Hifpaniola )
and that they were unfortunately met and carried back when two hundred
Miles onwards in their Journey.

N it

1 hi

138 The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

The hollow on the top of the Tree contains a white fat and juicy Pith,
with which, as well as the young Leaves, the Negroes cure their Wounds
and old Ulcers. This Wood is ufed in Brafile to rub fire with, making a
hole in it, and turning round in it another harder till it takes fire.

The tender tops are adftringent, their juice is good againft Fluxes, im¬
moderate Catamenia and Gonorrhea. Pifo . It is good againft the immoderate
Lochia, if a Poultefs of the Leaves be applyedto the Navel. Idem.

Peter Martyr, and Lop . de Gom. tell a Story of an old Indians curing a
very great Wound, whereby the Arm was almoft cut off from the Shoulder,
with a Poultefs of the Leaves of this Tree. But they fay this Tree has an
edible Fruit, which I never obferved; atleaft that ’twaseaf.

The tops cure new and old Wounds, and are Cauftick, eating the proud
Flefh, and generating new. Oviedo.

This being hollow, and very light, I believe may be what was made ufe
of by the Brafilians to fifh on, fome pieces being joined together, and very
faft tied, they called them their Piperis, in every thing fupplying the ufe
of Boats, as well as Bull-Rufhes , or with the ^Egyptians the Scapt of
the Papyrus. De Lery tells us that they can never Drown on them, and
that on tnefe, they fifh fingly, and that they might be made ufe of here on
Ferries.

The Fruit looks like Worms, and is wholefome and pleafant. Lop. de
Gom.

Pigeons feed much on this Fruit, and the Wood is ufed by Turtlers for
buoys to their Nets.

The Leaves are rough and polifh Timber. The inner Rind, laid to frefh
Wounds, with the outer tied on it. Cures them. Purchas. Laet.

That this is mentioned in two diftind places, as two feveral Trees, by
Johnson in his Dendrology, is, I think, as plain as that they are the fame,
fo that I much wonder at Dr. P lukenet’s remark in p. 75. and 76. of his
Mantiffa.

XXIII. Fegcpyrnm [candens, (eu volulilis nigra major, fore & fruBu membra-
naceis , fubrotundis, comprefjis. Cat ■ p 4 6. Tab. 90. Fig. 1.

This Woodbind has round red fucculent Stalks, by which it winds and
turns its felf round any Tree or Shrub it comes near, rifing (even or eight
Foot high, it has every Inch or half Inch towards the top, Leaves growing out
of the Stalk alternatively. They have a quarter of an Inch long Foot-Stalks
are grafs green, juicy, fmooth, thick, an Inch and a quarter long, and one Inch
over at the bale, being near upon of a triangular heart figure, or very
much refembling thofe of the Convolvulus niger femine triangulo. C. B. Ex
alis folio rum, towards the top, come out the Flowers, they are very many
plac’d on three Inches long Spikes, by a very fhort Petiolus, they are round,
flat, fwelfd out in the middle, and green, and have a thin white membrane
round them, looking like a Parfnip Seed. When thefe membranes are ripe
Seed, they differ nothing from what they appear at firft coming out when
Flowers, but in being fomewhat larger, and having their protuberant part in
the middle, turn of a brown colour from a green.

It grows among the Trees near the Ruins of a Monaftery by tf
Town.

This, by its Defcription and Figure, appears to be quite different fi
the Plant, Dr .Plukenet thinks, (Mant. p. 74.) it may be, viz, Fago tritki
majus volubile Virginianum, &c.

<

XXIV. Vo-

The Natural Hijlory of Jamaica.

XXIV. Voluhhs nigra radice alba ant purpurea maximar4uberofa, efculenta
fannacea, caule membranulis ext antibus alato, folio cordate nervofo. Cat . p. 4.6
Ignajme de Biet.p. 33^. Cambares de Flacourt. p. 115. An Owihares Eitifd ih>
racine noire de Mane p. 99 An Ricophora Magna Virginiana bryonL nijrra
rnodo volubilis, fmgulans folio nervofo flexili, caule tetragono ad angulos alato
Tlukenet. Aim. p 3zi ? Tames of Dampier ? p. 9 ? An Rizophora caule alato ru -
bente folio fmgulan Herm. par . Bat. Cat.p. 1 1 ?

1 Tll^.1Rool: 15 a Foot or m°re long, Brown on the outfides, with feveral
long Fibers, running out on all Tides to draw its Nourilhment. It is very
thick, iometimes roundifh, being within vifeid, before it be boiled, and of
a white, or reddiffi purple colour, and very mealy when boiled .* of the big-
nels of ones Leg or Thigh. The Stalk is of the bignefs of a Goofe-Quill
Iquare, at each corner having a thin, reddifli, extant Membrane, making'
it alated. It rurns and winds its felf round Poles by this Stalk, rifing nine
or ten Foot high, and putting forth Leaves at every three Inches diftance
let oppohte to one another, having two Inches long, green, fquare, alated
toot-Stalks. The Leaves are two Inches and a half long, an Inch and three
quarters broad at the round Bafe, Almoft of the ihape of a Heart and
pointed, of a yellowifh green colour, having many Ribs, taking their be¬
ginning from the end of the Foot-Stalk, as from a common Center with
tram verie ones between. Ex alis foliorum come Inch or more long Strings
with imall Flowers of a yellowifh green colour, to which follow many dark
brown, Imall Seeds, of an irregular fliape, flicking fometimes to the String
and fometimes to its Branches.

Knox fays that in Zefon they grow wild in the Woods, and are there
as good as thofe planted, only they are more fcarce, and grow deeper and
lo are more difficult to be plucked up, therefore are generally planted and

Thole of Madagafcar plant them in Fields plain and untill’d, and after
twelve months dig, and keep them in Magazines, They are planted by

the people for their King in November in holes a Foot fquare, and at two
Foot difiance, id.

They grow in many places of the Eaft and Weft-Indies. Dampier

They are eaten as Bread, being rolled under the Fire, or boiled being

very mealy. They are eaten likewife with Pepper and Oil, and for Bread
in Guiney.

They are planted, having no Seed, by putting a (mail cut piece of one
of the Roots into the ground. Lery.

The Indians fay that a great Caraibe, or Prophet, brought thefe and
taught a young Woman how to plant] them by pieces, from whence they are
come common, and eat in lieu of Bread. Thevet. Cofmorr. Thefe p/onle
lived on wild Herbs and Roots before. His figure is fabulous. P P

The Author of the Hifl. Lugd. Confounds this and Potatoes, for thefe
Tams arc not planted by the Slip but Root.

V'7 f?’,d AeS! Witl; Ea"h-Nuts> iZrubidm.) for Lishrn, from St. Thome,
to Viaual their Slaves by the way. Cluf.

Roelf. doubts whether this Root, being like Cajfada, it be not that inno-

Tm i °ne°f may bS Caten' tUC thadS another> and particular kind of

They grow in Zeylan. The Roots are eat by Swine and other Creatures.

1 be Juice of the Leaves is good againft Scorpions [biting. The Root pow¬
dered With Catu-panna-Kelengu, is fire wed on malignant Ulcers, with good
luccels, and ufed in Fomentations. II. M.

1 39

XXV. re*

x 4.0 The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica.

XXV. Volubilis nigra, radice tuber of a compreffa maxima digitata farinacea
efculenta folio eordato nervofo. Cat. p. 4 6. Negro Country Tams.

This has a great Root a Foot broad, and flatter than the former, aimed
palrmted, or digitated after the manner of fome Orchis’s, of a durty brown
colour on the out fide. The Stalks are not alated, but round, in all other

things they are the fame with the former.

Thev are both planted by cutting the Root in pieces, of about an Inch
Equate with a piece of the Rind on it, the larger the piece the bigger the
Yam, 5 Planting them in March or before, after Chrifimas they are at their

full growth.

The Seed is not fruitful.

They being cut into pieces and boiled or rolled, are eaten by Negros y
Slaves/ or Europeans, inltead of Bread, being a dry, mealy plealant, and
very nourifliing Root, and for this end are very much planted here.

Swine are fatted with tliefe Roots in Zeylan. H. M°

XXVI. Perficaria urens five hydropiper C B, pin. Cat. p. 47. An Eloquztic
herb a genic data Hern and. p. xio? Fa fie aria Americana angufiiori folio hirfuta

fl. albis Flukenet. Aim. fi88 , 2

This Arfmart fends out from every joint, touching the water or mud, a
great many two Inch long Fibrils , (hooting themfelves into them, thence
drawing their Nourilhmenr. The Stalk is round, jointed at every Inch and
an halff not ftraight, but inclining a little downwards and two Foot long.
At every ioint there is a Protuberance, and at it upwards is an half Inch long
Membrane, covering the Stalk. The Leaves come out at each joint aicerna-
tively Handing on Inch long Foot-Stalks, they are eight Inches long, and two
broad, where broadeft, fmooth, and in every thing like Perficana Leaves.
The Flowers hand on the tops of the Branches, Spike falhioned, like m
colour &c. to thofe of the ordinary Perfic arias, and to them follows a
black/ flat, round ilh, fliining, fmooth Seed, having two Imall Prickles or

^itVrovv^by 'River bdes, and in moift grounds all over the Tiland, and
comes very near, if it be not altogether the fame with our common Eunfem

FirA Fomentation of the Leaves of this, takes away old Aches and Colds of
the Joints. Applied to the Os pubis, makes one PiG, if they be flop d from a
cold caufe. k ts a very good Cauflick, and ufed by Chirmrgeons in Putrid
and Wormy Ulcers, for that caufe. It takes away hardned tumours. I if.

It is Commended in this cafe by Paracelfus.

It is hot and dry, wafts Tumours, and diffolves congealed Blood or echy
mofis. Some of it put under the Saddle, and rub d on a Horfea Back re-

freflies a tired Jade. Ger. ,

Boiled in water, and applied, it carries away ill Humours from the Eyes.

If beaten and applied with the Juice it helps purulent Eyes. It takes oft
Spots from the Body, if the Juice be rub’d on them Morning and Evening.

It difeufles hard Bruifes and Swellings. Dor ft. , .

Flies Gnats, or Fleas, come not near this Herb or its Juice, and there-
fore ’tis very good for fordid Ulcers. Trag. and to keep thefe Vermine from

Rooms (trowed with it.

Its Juice kills Worms in the Ear.

The Leaves dried are ufed for Pepper. Diofcorid.

The Oil is good for a knotty Gout, which is made of the Juice of
Arfmart, Lovage, and Shepherds-Purfe of each q . f Five Black. Weathers
Heads, and fifteen Frogs boiled in balm> in two quarts of Oil, t0

The Natural thfiory Jamaica.

foiution of the Bones, then poured off and kept for life, it is good in To-
phaceous and Oedematous Tumours. Lob. Obf. 6

The Juice of the whole Plant, ’bating the Root, boiled in Sergelim Oil
isa Cephahck Liniment, even to be applied in bleedings of theNofe The

°'r~ ‘ k,Urd- made into 3 Potion> duninilhes the humour

This Herb Boiled with Oil makes a Liniment againft the Gout. The

?°0t be!ng tj!<ken Wlt 1 *lot: wacer> Joolens the Belly. The Leaves criven in
lower Milk allwage the fweliings of the Belly. FI M gn,cn

^Bruifed and given with lower Milk, it takes away 'the griping of the feuts.

rIm) IT cT'T Nis Jmmer!“m fd" '&Kbh>

Ran hijt.f. Cat. p. 48. Ah potamogiton pellttcidum noftras, foliis Ion? is
perangufhs, apictbus acutis, P Ink end. Aim. p. 3 04 ? “ *

This grows very plentifully in the fait and frefli water Rivers in the
Caymanes . U1C

XXVI II. Amaranthoides hum'll e Curajfdvicum foliis polygon i Par. Bat. pro dr
Par. B. p. 17. Cat. p. 48. Tab. 86. Fig. z.

The Stalks of this Herb are round, reddilh, tender, hairy, jointed, and
fpread on the Surface of the Earth for fome Feet in length. Almoft every
Joint puts forth fome fmall Roots or Fibrils into the Earth, as alfo fome
Leaves of a dark green colour, and fmooth above, hairy underneath, bigger
but of the lhape of thofe of Polygonum. At every joint likewife contour
many white Tufts of Mowers, made up of many long white Membranes
dry, and not fading, laid fquammatim, one over another, very clofe and
makmg 10 all a round Conglomerated Head. The Seeds are round' flat
and of a Chefnut colour. * ^

tiful ly.r°WS ^ thC near the Town of St* de * Kg*, very pie*

XXIX. Amaranthoides humiU Curajfavicum foliis cepe* lucidis, capitulisalbis
far. Bat. prod. p. 15. Cat. f. 48. r *

From the Root ot this are fcattered, on every hand, a great many trailing
ranches, lying on the furface of the Earth. They are a Foot long round
red, jointed at every Inches diftance, fmooth, fmall, and having Branches
fet oppofite the one to the other at every joint. The Leaves are almoft
round, green, one third of an Inch long, coming out oppofite to one ano-
ther on the fmaller Branches, upop the ends of which, for the moll part
and of the twigs at every joint, come the Flowers, being fet round in a
Head, pretty clofe together, like the Trefoils, each of them being long tu-
bulous yellow within, and white above, having feveral yellow Sumint
the whole being a round Head, made up of many dry Leaves or Mem.’

branes laid clofe, jqummtm one over the other, as in others of this
Ivina.

Hmbour neat thS SCJ fidC am0"S thS Salt Marflles> ac the Cmocs “ar oW

It is fomewhat in qualities like to Sampler, the fhort Branches and Leaves
are a little boiled and being covered with Vinegar, are kept as a Pickle to
eat with Visuals, opening Obftrudtions, moving Urin, and exciting the

O o

XXX. Ama-

142 The Natural Hiftory oj Jamaica.

XXX. Amarantus fruticofus ereffus, (pic a viridi, laxa & (Irigofi. Cat. p. 48.
Tab. yz. Fig. 1 .

This Shrub has greenilh, woody, and fmall Stalks, it rifes to about two
Foot and a half high. The Leaves are many, fmooth, of a dark green
colour, plac’d along the Branches without order, having half an Inch long
Foot-Stalks. They are an Inch long, and three quarters broad, a little from
the round Bale where broadefl, and whence they decreafe by degrees to
the point. The Flowers Hand in Spikes at the tops of the Branches,

about three Inches long, are not open, but made up of five Leaves, of a

j yellowifh green colour, in the middle of which is a large blackilh Sty lift,

which comes in fome time to be a Seed-Veflel or Husk, containing feveral

Seeds, each of which is fcarce difcernible to the Eye, Ihining, and of a

brown colour, roundifh, and hollow on one fide like a Dilh if viewed by
the Microfcope.

It grows by the Banks of Rio Cohre, near the Town.

f

XXXI. Amarantus Siculus fpicatus radio e perenni Boccone. Rail hi ft. p. 203.
Tlukenet. Tab. 260. Fig. z. Cat. p. 49.

This Plant rifes three or four Foot high, by a fquare, jointed, brownilh green
Stalk, having Branches fet oppofite to one another, ex alis foliorum, at
about two Inches dillance. The Leaves (land on one third part of an Inch
long Foot-Stalks, the greater ones being three Inches and an half long, and
two broad in the middle, where broadefl, with one middle Rib, being
of a dark green colour, woolly, fmooth, and pointed. The Flowers Hand
in Spikes on the Branches ends, fix or feven Inches long, being placed on
every fide of the Stalk, appearing at firft nothing but Ihort reddilh Hairs
or Filaments, after which follow rough, prickly, green, refleded Capfnlas
or Cones, each of which is divided into five points, containing in it one
fmall oblong Seed, reddilh, like Wheat, only fmaller.

It grows in Ditches, and leveral places about the Town of St. Jago de la
r Vega, and in the Ifland Madera.

XXXII. Amarantus, panicula flavic ante, gyactli, holofericea. Cat. p. 49. Tab. 90.
Fig. z. Amaranthus nodcfus pallefcentibus bliti foil is parvis, Americanus multi -
plici, fpeciofa, j pica , laxa feu panicula fparfa candicante Tlukenet. Almag. p. z6.
Phytogr. Tab. z6i. Fig. 1.

This had weak, cornered, yellowilh green, hollow, fmooth Stalks, needing
the fupport, though not turning round, its neighbouring Plants, riling to a -
bout three Foot high, being as big as a Goofe Quill, and having few joints,
and thereat Leaves, Handing oppofite to one another, on half an Inch long
Foot-Stalks, they are about an Inch and an half long, and about half as
broad near the round Bafe, where broadefl, and from whence they end in a
point, being Imooth, and of a yellowilh green colour. The tops of the
Stalks, as well as Branches, growing ex alls fol. are branched Panicles, or
branched Spikes of Flowers of a pale yellow colour, finning like Silk, as
fome of this Kind, only they are much Imaller than any I know, otherwife
like them in every thing elfe.

It grew in the Hedges of Lime-Trees, among the Sugar Plantations in Gua-
naboa, as well as in moft of the Caribes.

i ■' > >■ { . r * / *

1 f ‘

XXXIII. Bliturn album majus fcandens. Cat. p. 49. Tab. 9 1 . Fig. z. An A-
maranthus Americanus , altijfimus lengifclins, fpicis e viridi albicantibus. Plum .
Tournef. Infi. p 23 5 P

This

The Natural HiJIory of Jamaica*

, This nas a green Stalk as thick as ones Thumb, weak not able to (import
its left without the help of Shrubs or Trees, on which it leans, growing five
fix or more Feet high,, putting out here and there Branches, having Leaves
at about an Incn and an halfs diftance, handing on Inch long Foot-Stalks.
They are three Inches long, and half as broad, near the middle, where
broadeft, being narrow at the end of the Foot-Stalk, widening by degrees to
near tne middle, from whence they decrcafe to the end. They are fmooth
of a dark green colour, and foft. Ex alis fol. come the (everal Spikes of
Flowers, the Branches (uftaining them, being two or three Inches long. At
every half Inch is a Spike of Flowers about an Inch long. They are like
thole of the Blites or Amaranti , pale green or of an herbaceous colour, a
great many together, each of which has five Apices, a yellowifh Stylus, and
Stamina: after thefe follow in green Seminal VefTels, or Husks, breaking
horizontally, fmall black Seeds, fbining, comprefs d, and of the Figure of
a Kidney. °

It grew in a Wood by the Banks of the Rio Coin, near the Town on the

lame fide of the River, and on the Road between that place and P affaire Fort
very plentifully. jj & >

B^tum dmericanum fpinofum. Raii hi ft, p. 199. Cat. p. 49. Rec|
Weed of Barbados.

An oblong deep reddifh Root, with (ome Fibers, fends up one, roundifh •
red, ftrong, ftriated Stalk, which has (everal Branches of the fame colour*
going out ex alis fol. The Leaves come along the Branches without any
order and are like thofe of the fmall Blites, and of a reddifh colour, and
ulually under them are fome (harp, fhort, fmall prickles. The Flowers come
in long Spikes on the tops of the Branches, are of an herbaceous colour
and like thofe of the other Blites, and after them, follow, fmall, black*
mining flat Seeds, like the others of this Kind.

Iflands*r°WS Wh£rC ty thC Way fldeS ltl ?maka ’ and tIie QariU

The Leaves of this, as of others of its Kind, are eaten in the Indies-
Herm .

XXXV. Blit um minus album polyfpermon folio fulrotundo. Cat. p. 49. Tab. oz
Fig. 1. An Blitum Virginianum Polyfpermon erecium viride , D. Sherard
Flnken. Aim. /> 68. Caterpillers or Culilu.

The Root is large, ftrong, perpendicularly fix’d in the Earth, ftraight
reddifh towards the top, and (ending out round it feveral Branches on
every hand, often trailing on the ground, and very rarely eredt, two or three
root long, ftriated, green, and fucculent, along which come out (everal
Leaves, in fliape, drc. exactly like thofe of the fmall white Blite, only fome-
thing longer, and now and then covered with a brovvnifli Farina. The Flowers
are Spike fafliioned, very numerous, along the Branches, they are green
like thole of this Kind, and to each Flower follows one Seed, round,

compelled, black, lhining, and little, very well inclofed in a pale green
Membrane.

It grows every where in the low Lands, and Plantations, and is to be ga¬
thered very plentifully every where after Rain.

It is gathered, and when the Leaves are (Iript off, and boiled as a Sallet
is one of the pleafanteft I ever rafted, having fomething of a more fragrant
and grateml taft, than any of thefe Herbs I ever knew: whence likevvife ’tis
Hired and boiled in Pottages of all forts, and fo eaten, is emollient, loofning
and provokes to a Stool.

U

\

Jhe Natural Hi/lory of Jamaica.

It is ufed in Clyfters in the Belly-ach, as the beft and mod common emol¬
lient Herb, this Country affords.

It is eat as Spinaee, &c. for the fame purpofes. PiJ. Marg. .

Macgnvis Figure is good. The Figure here exhibited was taken in time

of drough.

XXXVI. Blitum polygonoides viride, feu ex viridi & dbo variegatum, far

anthos. Cat. p. 49. Tab.yz. Fig.z. rv j feverV

Upon every fide of a white, ceep, and Tingle Root, are lpread levers

Footfong, green, round Stalks. The Leaves are fit along the Branches, and
iuft like^hofe of the fmall, wild, green Blite, only Sometimes they are va¬
riegated very plealantly with a large white fpot. The Flowers come out o

the Stalk very thick on every fide round it for near
efpec:ally ex alls fol. without any Foot-Stalks. Each of them is Imall p
pePtalousy of a pale green colour, with a purple ftroak on each of the Pet ala,
and a green Stamen within, after each of which follows a round, comprefsd,

a P^omn. they (hall have my leave, for
it is iomewhat ammdou,, and becaufe of its pretty large perfefl Flower,

°“ ft” “rows* Claiy gtouSTnd amongft Rubbilh, every where a-

4 of Dr Pkken. in his Php. TA. .*0. Fig. 3. as he thinks rt may,
p. 155. of his Mantiffa.

XXXVII. Blitum pes Anferinus difium Rail. Cat. p. 49* Goofe-Foot or

I found this growing on the Tides of the Streets, and by the ffigh-way
Tides* near the Town of St .Jago de la Vega. It Teemed not to differ from
that of Europe, only the Root was larger, the Stalks reddifc, not fohig i,
and the Leaves were whiter, being covered over with a whitilh Meal, a
which may come from the variety of Soils and Climates.

If it be eaten by Swine it kills them- Lon. drag. FuchJ.

1 . ' . ' . . . . v

XXXVIII. Farietaria foliis ex adverfo nafeentibus , urtiu racemifera flore.

Cil\ could not obferve^this Farietaria here, in any thing different from that in
Europe only the Branches and Leaves ftand oppofite one to the other at
Snts/and the Stalks are fquare, green, fmooth, and Aiming, fometimes
reddilh. The Flowers are racemofe, having Strings like Nettles coming cm
alts foliorum. I am apt to believe on thefe fcores it may De really diffe¬
rent from the Farietaria s of Europe.

It grows on the Tides of the lhady Rocks going to Tixteen Mile walk, and
Teveral luch like places of this Ifland.

XXXIX. Kali fruticofum, coniferum , flore albo. Cat. p. 50. Another fort of

SaThisrhas Teveral upright, woody, round, gray Stalks, about a Foot high,
branched towards the tops, and haying there many round, green [ Leaves,
three quarters of an Inch long, (ucculent, and fait to tne taft, fet ulual y p
pofite^to one another, and fomething like the Leaves o Kali, the Mowers
are white, very fmall, and coming out from between the green Scales, of
a fmall Cone, never, or very feldom bringing Seed.

It

The Natural Hifiory of Jamaica.

It grows on the fandy, fait, marifh Grounds at Paffage Fort in the very
Town, and in other fuel? places in this Ifland.

It is pickled and candied in Barbados

XL. Her n't art a lucida aquatka. Cat. p. 50. Tab. 93. Fig. z.

The Roots of this are many, fmall and hairy. The Stalk is green, rounds
ereit, lucid, or almoft tranfparent, about a Foot high, having on each fide
alternatively a fmall Branch, and oppofite to it a tuft of Leaves, and out of
the Branches after the lame manner come Twigs, having very fmall, green,
lucid Leaves, like thofe of Polygonum , only fmaller in every part, very thick
fet, one againft another. The Flowers come out ex corum ala, on very fmall
Petiolz, either reddifh, or green, which looked on by the Eye, arm d with a
Microfcope, appear Tetrapetalous. The Seed follows as fmall as dull.

The whole Plant is adftringent to the tail.

It grows on the Banks of moft Rivers, and on the wet fides of Rocks.'

XLT. Corchoro affinis, chamadryos folio, fore / laminec , feminibtts atris qua-
drangulis duplici ferie difpoftis. Cat. fjq 0. Tab. 94. Fig. 1. An Corchorm
Americans minor carpzni folio filiqua angufiiffma ex lateribus ramulorum prove-
niente. Br. pr. 2. p. 36?

This has a very deep blackilh coloured Root, which fends up a round,1
brownim, woody Stem, riling three or four Foot high, being divided into
Branches on every Hand. The Leaves come out feveral together, fome greater,
tome fmaller, at half an Inches dillance, on half an Inch long Foot-Stalks.
They are half an Inch long, and a quarter broad, at Safe where broadeft*
of a grafs green colour, indented about the edges, and fmooth. Oppofite
to the Leaves comes yellow Flowers, being flamineous, after which follows
a two Inch long, dark brown Pod, or Seed-Velfel, fomething like thofe of
the Sefamum, only having two round Tides, inftead of four, five, or fix; in each
of which two rows, are contained, a great many black, quadrangular, fmall
Seeds, the rows or Tides being feparated from one another by a Membrane,
dividing them. The Pod when ripe opens at the end, and>fcatters the Seed. *

It grew on a rocky Hill, on which Colonel Fuller s Houle was built, and
in feveral rocky grounds near Guanaboa.

XLII. Aparins paucioribus foliis fim/ne Uvi. Cat. p. 50. Tab. 94. Fig. zl

The Root is jointed, having at every joint feveral hairy fibers linking
themfelves into the Earth, fending up a jointed, greenilh fquare Stalk, four
or five Foot high, ftriated, a little rough and hollow, Bender, and needing
the fupport of neighbouring Plants. At the joints which are always protu¬
berant and reddifh, ftand the Leaves oppofite one to the other, on an half
Inch long Foot-Stalks, being an Inch and a quarter long, and half an Inch
broad in the middle where broadeft, of a pale green colour, a little rough.
The Flowers come out ex alls foliorum , are pale green, Mufcofe, or made
like Juli, each of which is a quarter of an Inch long. After thefe follow
feveral brown Seed-V eflels difpofed P erticillatim, two being always joined
together, each being round on one fide, or Semicircular, and flat on the other,

and both make a Globe, each half containing One black Seed, of the fame

lhape.

It grows plentifully amongft the Woods going from Town to Guana*
boa, (PC.

p p 6hap,

Chap. VI.

Of Herbs with monopetalouf Flowers.

IjN Jamaica, the Tribe of Plants with monopetalous Flowers is pretty
large, efpecially that elegant Sett of them called Convolvuli. They are
moft beautifulffor the number and elegancy of the colours of their
Flowers, far exceeding thofe of Europe. ’Tis iomewhat odd, that
Whereas mofl of this kind of Plant are Purgative, a fort of Potato,
firfl Convolvulus here mentioned, affords a Root, which by being an Aliment,
goes a great way in affording Nourifhment to the Inhabitants of the hotter
parts of the World. It is alfo remarkable that there are more Convolvuli than
one here, which have only one Seed following the Flower ; whereas, generally
fpeaking, there are in mofl; Convolvuli .three, and yet no perfon verfed in
Herbs, but who on reading the Defcription, or at firft fight of thefe Plants,
but muft by the whole face of them, allow them to be true Convolvuli .

There are feme of this Tribe that feem fomewhat more anomalous than
ordinary, all I can fay to my reducing them hither, is, that ’tis the beft
place 1 could find, and that I fhall be very glad any body of better Judg¬
ment will find a more proper. °

1 There are none in this Tribe ftranger than the Kinds of Arum, many of
which are fcandent, and feveral cultivated for Food, fome for their Roots,
and others for their Leaves, as fhall be feen hereafter. Galen feems to take
notice of Colocaftia Roots, and Apicius has many Receipts for drefling of

mujyr tHtyuea nyji,. r cimt on Mavaoqiie cu ivicouen ae riacourt. p. 146. p. 146.
Tobacco of D ampler, cap. iz. Tabac de Biet. p. 336. De Rochef. Tab. p. 57.
2> Olivier Oexmelin. p. y6. De Mazre, p. 80. Tabacum Mir and. fin & Eur.
p. 873. Sana fanffa Indorum five Nicotiana Gallorum. Swert.part. z. Tab. zi.
Tobacco.

This growing here agrees exa&ly to the Defcription given of it in
Authors.

It is planted by moft Planters in tlieir Plantations, for the ufe of them-
felves, and in fome for Sale. Before the Englifh took this Ifland, the Spaniards
had here as good as any was in the Indies, which they were careful of, and
planted it by the dry River • but the Englijh not taking care of their Seed,
they loft the beft forts, and what they have now is planted along the Banks
of this River.

ucjpu uic 4iiuauicancs to pais tneip
time without them. Nicol tells us jive of his Company were loft in time of
diftrefs, who could not fmoke it, though he confeffes it did not Nourifh!
From the Weft-Indies it was propagated to t|ie Baft-Indies, fifrjca, &c. and
m 1586. ’tvvas by Sir Francis Drake brought into England. In all places
where it has come, it has very much bewitched the Inhabitants from the
more polite Europeans , to the Barbarous Hottentots.

This

The Natural Hiftory o/Jamaica. iff

r»J}n u!?“ paV1ng a N”cot,ck intoxicating quality, was ufed in the mjl-
Mm by their Prictts, to Dream and (ee V, lions by, as appears by Loped d-
Gomara, Roulox Baro, Monarches and Morifot, viz. " J r a~

r Pne,j S of called Btbitis, who are Phyfitians likewife do ear

of this bray d or made fmall, or the fmoak of it is taken into their Noftrils
vvhen they are to give aniwets, by which they fee many Vifions, being nS
themfelves. Tlie fury being over they recount for the will of Godlvhat
they have feen. When they Cure they ihut themfelves up with the Sick
furround him, fmoaking him with the fame, fuck out of his Shoulders what
they fay was his D.feafe, Ihowing a Stone or Bone they kept i„ 7hek

Mouths, which Women keep as Relicks, thinking they facilitate Birth

Lopez de Go mar a.

They cannot in Brafil Sacrifice without Tobacco, nor confult the Devil
in their Affairs. The Prieft offers a great Pipe of Tobacco, and Blelfes1
them with its Smoak. Roulox Baro , p. zi 5 and 138.

In going to War and Weddings the Devil fmoaks out of a Coco, and the
Prieft Incenfes the People. Morijot. 300.

Priefts, and Indian Inchanters, take the fume till drunk, and fall in an

theft bufiSng/¥^ amblgU°US an^Wer’ and clien teli of the fuccefs of

The Oil or Juice dropt into the Ear is good againft Dcafnefs, and is ufed
outwardly againft Burns. Ger. “

„ t ,C'yftCn- bCing ready.to be, g'vcn wit'’ a Bladder, the fmall end of
a Tobacco-Pipe was put into the Bladder and tied ("but fo that it mii.hr

be drawn clofer after the Pipe is pulled out) that had Tobacco in the Bole
which only blowing the Smoak thereof into the Bladder, and fo given
(as a Clyfter) hath given perfeeft eafe. Park. This Cuftorn is yet con¬
tinued of giving Tobacco fmoak Clyfters, with fuccefs in Colicks

It was brought into France by one Nicotius. an Ambaflador, who got it
at °j *_Fl™dnquen, who came from Florida about 1560. C. B. pin.

Autumn^? i'eS °"S bef°re iC r‘reS fr°m Che ground' therefore it is fownin

rn-dy16 ^UiCe' °r inPuPlon m ^ine> is a good Afthmatick Re-

Four or five Ounces of the juice drank by one, a ftrong Man, in a
Dropfie, purg a him vehemently up and down, and then put him into a Sleep
after which he calld for Meat, and was cur’d. Dod. P’

If Tobacco be Bruifed and put on Wounds, it Cures them if fmall if
large they muft be walh’d with Wine and ftitch’d. This was taught our
Men by the Indians, and did us much fervice in conquering Provinces
They Burn Shel s, and mix the Powder with this Leaf, holding a Pill between
their Teeth and under Lip, fwallowing ever now and then the Spittle it
himlers the fence of Hunger or Thirft for three or four days. The Green
Leaf put on the Spleen, helps its Obftrudions, or a Rag dipt in its juice,
if it be ufed likewife m Leaf, or in Subftance chawed, it draws away the
Flegm oecafioning it. Fragof y

It is heating and drying cleanfing, refolving, binding, and is a Counter-
Poylon, from thence it is called Herba Santa of the Portuguefe. The frefii Leaves
and their Juice, and Balfom, do not only check cancerous Ulcers, but heal
poylonous bites The Water, or other convenient Liquor, in which it has
been mfufed, kills Lice, and cleanfes the Head of many of its Skins Difeafes.

^ 1,7 CS ir* wjien drY> Worms. Chaw’d it takes away Hunger

and Vearinefs. By its fpicy quality it ftrengthens the Stomach and Heart,
i t fometimes caules vomiting, at other times Sleep, and draws away Flegm
rom the Brain, if fmoak’d or chaw’d, making fometimes thole ufing it

Drunk,

j

fi

148 The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

Drunk. The Syrup of Tobacco is good againft the Afthma and Dropfie,
but mud be given with Caution, becaufe it fometimes Works very vio¬
lently. Pifo-

It is (harp to the tad, hot and dry in the third Degree. The Smoak
makes one Spit much Fiegm, it is good for the Afthma, and Whecfing, cures
Hyderick Fits, drengthens the Head, brings Sleep, eafes Pain, and takes
away Wearinefs. A Leaf rubbed with an oiled Hand, and applied hot to
the Stomach and Back helps Digedion, and Cures Surfeits ; the fame dif-
cuiles a (well’d Spleen, eafes pains from Cold, cleanfes ancient and can¬
cerous Ulcers, begetting Flefh, and cicatrizing them. The Juice dropt into
the Wound, fome dry Powder drowed on it, and the Marc put on after the
fame way Cures Wounds of the Head, if the Bones or Nerves be not
touched. It Cures the Tooth-ach put into the hollow Tooth. The Powder
taken at the Nofe hinders one from pain, and the fenfe of Stroaks. As much
as a Nut-Shell will hold of the Bark Inebriates, making them half dead
and Mad, but thofe who ufe it much lofe their Colours, have inflam’d Livers,
fquallid Tongues, and falling into Cachexia and Droplie dye. It redds Poy-
fon, fome of the Powder, or Juice put into the wounded and poyfoned
part, this was the Remedy ufed by the Cannibals ; and try’d on a Dog by
the King of Spain. It Eafes the Gout, and all pains from Wind. The De-
co&ion fprinkled about the Houfe kills Flies. Dry Leaves powdered ten
parts, with Lime chawed one part, brings Sleep, eafes pain, gives pati¬
ence, Cures the Tooth-ach and pain of the Stomach. The Leaves are
good for Struma, and are chawed for the Gout and fried with Butter, the
Oil rub'd. Cures the Colick. A Syrup made by Infufion and Deco&ion is
good againd Worms, to two Spoonfuls. The Juice is given by fome to
four or five Ounces, but is too violent a Purger upwards and downwards.
The diddl’d water is good likewife. A Leaf ufed like a Suppofitory, Cures
Quarts nes. Hern and.

They mix the Seed with five times fo much Afhes, Sow it, and cover the
ground with Branches to keep of too much Sun, and replant it in a rainy time,
at three Foot fquare didance =, weeding it, and croping the top when going to
Flower, as alfo the under Leaves, leaving ten or twelve Leaves on each Stalk,
about two Foot high, clearing it of new Shoots every eight days. When the
Leaf, by doubling breaks, they cut it, and bring it, fo as not to touch one
another, and after fifteen days drying, take off' the Leaves, out the Ribs,
and twine it with Salt water into Ropes, to be made in Rolls. Tertre.

Ximenes tells a Story of one, who in fifteen days, with exceffive taking
Tobacco, at all Hours, Chocolate and Wine, had his Legs and Feet fwelied,
and was all broke out, and argues that it gives no Nourilliment. Nor, if
it be Phyfick, ought at all times to be ufed.

It was anciently ufed by the Indians for a Vulnerary, and only fent into
Spain for its Handfomnels for Gardens, but is now in ufe for its Faculties,
Its name was Picielt, Tobacco was given to it by the Spaniards, from the
Ifland of that name, where it grew very frequently. The Leaves Cure
the Head-ach, being applied to it after being heated, and the Tooth-ach be¬
ing put into the hollow Tooth. They cafe all outward pains from the
Stomach, Stone, and Uterus. The Smoak wakes an Hyderick Perfon. Mon.

Sit Richard Greenfield , on his difeovery of Virginia in 1585. found the
Indians ufed Tobacco in Clay-Pipes for their Health, whence he brought
fome Pipes, and they were made after the fame Falhion in England, and
thence uled very much at Court. Cluf.

Tobacco was firft Ihowed in the Eaft-Indies by the Dutch Seamen. V an*
derhagen •

Seamen

The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica.

Seamen ufed to carry Pipes about them made of Palm Leaves in

.hey fmoaked to eafe their wearinefs, bringing forth much Phlepm • Tr
takes away Hunger and Third, Lob. 6 b Phlegm . It

After the Indians have gathered it, and bang’d it up by final! handfuls W
dry d it m their Houfes, they take four or five Leaves InA „ iiafdtuls> and

°take’if “d °CCaf‘°nS grcaC

It is a Counter-Poyfon.

i r C is.u_^d Leaves tolled up and fmoak’d, they who take it Ur* e. r
lefs and fiupefied mod part of the day and night Others take m ^n(e”
rately, having a Vertigo. I was forced om of the Houfes bTsT'?'

Tndlfo aupefieydfiCianS ^ ** ^ 311 P1^ where I was. Tilly Smoat

M S th^Statue S waf ^ffo/^Tth^f ^ W be
of their Senfes like drunken Men, and like wife ’ is the CotiZ °UC
there ,3». and CcWa, with which drawn by the Noff h. Powdef T
Bobttis ate out of their Senfes, and pretend Revelations T,I ti ’ 4

likewife the Powder to purge the difealed with ih if" SJJ®

People and Houfes topfie turfvy p. ,38 ' A U makeS them «*

It was in Juice ufed again!! poyfoned Arrows in nlare of c„t,i-

Sifts ?f” **«- *fiS3K!S;:

It is very vulnerary. 0-w^.

*0Uv^mM°'Lrr.y X? Cr T’obf °n'y

traordinary Vetiuc% ^ /nly a,Plant of «?. «*-

Wounds That chawed, fiuj’d or Leak’d, Wood forCalarrhP^
aches, Rheums/ Defluxions, the Gout 4dl ma >Til u£^'rHeadm

certain that the Priefts sr Phyfrt.ans m’ade ulTof tis to Lox.cL tl^

they raw, or pretended to fee, or forelee' in fuch Exlafe i lo^Wlr
event of Wars, eJr. From this Narcotick quality it is rim thofe vvho I f
it improperly, or in excefs, turn yeilowilli, fall int’o Obftmlions and -
fuffer almoft the fame Accidents as" Perfons that drink exceffivelv of ^
mented Liquors, or take Opium in too great a ciuanfirv f ^ . x,
cotick quality it is alfo not' unlikely Xfo LkToKheWe

BodydlCreby Ca‘mll’S t ie Mmd’ WherCby ’tis hindered from fretting the

ipr° Vt HloJemrU “ humidi cmt‘a“ in!-

foliis ugerati nukin' Thv Tab 8 'f 'p GcW“"* India imfatiins

almoR LneST br?T ’ T"d’ a'>Mch and" an half long Roots,’

Stalks four or fi* T C]° ^ ° i tie ^smnt^es- From thele rife two or three

fauare and ar rh Incheshlgh’ ac ab°“t one Inches diftance jointed, and four

of SlS 0al Che Leaves- TW « fomething like thofe

Fiowe s Th’ev are t bleWl)h grefn colour’ Ex f*"™' come the
f‘S 1 hey are large, monopetalous, like thofe of the Convolvuli Bell

Lown r’nchnl°„ de ‘CvrtembleW C°lour’ afcer which (ucceeds a fom fquare
’ g Seed Veflel ; containing a great many flat, brown Seeds.’

0. 9 When

150 The Natural Hi ft ary of Jamaica.

When any wet touches the end of the Seed Veflel, with a fmart noife, and
fudden leap it opens its fel'f, and with a fpring fcatters its Seed to a pretty
didance round it, where it grows.

It grows under the Shrubs in the Savannas about the Town, and is in per¬
fection fome time after a rainy fcafon.

The admirable contrivance of Nature, in this Plant, to propagate its felf,
is mod plain, for the Seed- VefTels being the bed preferver of the Seed, ’tis
there kept from the injuries of Air and fearth, till it be rainy, when ’tis
a proper time for it to grow, and then it is thrown round the Earth as
Grain by a skilful Sower.

This is a very good Wound-Herb, a very excellent Salve, being made
with it and Suet boil’d together, and then drain’d.

It is us’d likewife applied on I dues to make them run.

I fhould not have taken this Plant to be mentioned by Dr. Plukenet , as
above, had not he pofitively faid fo, p. 167. of his MantiJJ'a.

III. Convulvulus radice tuherefa efeuienta , fpinachioe folio, flore Mo, (un¬
do purpureo, (mine pof fwgulos fores fmgulo. Cat . p. 53. Patatas de E/que-
meling , p. 5-4. Batatas Hifpanorum Swert. part. z. Tab. 35-. Fatales de Bouton <
p. 47. Patates de Biet.p. 3^4. Rochef Tabl. />. 48. Convolvulus angulo ft s fo -
liis, Malabar tens radice tnberofa eduli. Plukenet . Almag. p. 114. Potatoes of
D ampler, p. 1 o. &c. An Maveandres de Flacourt. p. 1 1 6 ? Spanifh Patatas.

The Root is tuberous, for diape and bignefs very uncertain, but being fop
the mod part oblong, as big as a Hen-Egg, from a fwell’d middle tapering
to both extremes, yellow, and fweet within when roaded, lading like a
boil’d Chefnut, and having many fibrils, by which it draws its Nourilhment.
The Stalks are green, a little cornered, and creeping for many Feet in length
along the furface of the Earth, and putting forth Leaves and Flowers at every
Inches didance. The Leaves dand on five Inch long green Foot-Stalks,
they are almod Triangular, having two Ears, and a fharp point oppofite tq
the Foot-Stalk. They are five Inches broad from Ear to Ear, and three from
the Foot-Stalks end to the point, having under them purple Ribs, being foft,
fmooth, and of a yellowilh green colour, fomething refembling the Leaves
of Spinage. The Flowers come out ex alls fcl. danding on a three or four
Inches long, green Foot-Stalk., being monopetalous,*Bell Falhion’d, not very
open, purple within and whitilli without, having in the middle fome Sta¬
mina, and a Stylus. After each Flower ufuaily follows one Seed, brown, and
0 having feveral depreffions in it. It is inclofed in a roundifh, brown, mem¬
branaceous Capfula, under which dand five brown capfular withered Leaves,
as in the other Convolvuli.

There is another Kind of this, the fame in every thing, only the Roots are
reddilh, which is as common as the white, and grows indifferently with it.

They are every where planted after a rainy Seafon in the Plantations, for
Provifion, by the dip, a piece of the Stalk and Leaves, being put either into
the plain Field after Howing, or into little Hillocks raifed through the Field,
in which they are thought to thrive better. In four months after planting
they are ready to be gathered, the ground being fill’d with them, and if
they continue therein any longer they are eaten by Worms.

Linfchoten, in his Defcription of America, feems to make Ages and Bata-
tos two Roots, which ar.e neverthelefs the fame.

They vary very much as to the figure and bignefs of the Root, the co¬
lour of its Skin being fometimes red, and mod commonly white. They are
fometimes turbinated, at other times round, and mod commonly bigged in
the middle, and tapering to both extremes.

They

They are bpild or roafted under the Afhes, and thought extraordinary
good and npuriflnng Food, andbecjufe of their fpeedy attaining their due

RooT?or orrar^ifit7 “ “ be ^ m°ft pWfitable *

They are ufed in great: quantities to] make the Drink called Mobby.

feed” Rabbets?23 Wh?" ^ ‘ “ aC any other> tbe t0Ps aFe given to

They are windy. Pifo.

Jcur Marti r reckons up many forts, only differing in the colour of the

Skm, and Benzo (peaks of Hatts lefs, and more l'avoury, which I believe
is only a variety of this. y oeneve

They are very noiirilhing and provoke to venery

Many conferves, like to Marmelade of Quinces, are made of them

, Tbe,y are. c°mmon at rekz-Makga, whence ten or twelve Cam-

I0'?fi|ig. Mai ^ ^ Ttiey are operate and

People feed on them in Trinidudo. Tbevet.

They are ripe in fi* months, and Breed Wind. Benzo.

\ ■?zaQv00tS Werenby .fought from the Weft-Indies into Europe in
LopzdeGol f t0 W 16 dlfFerenC Produdions of die one and the other

is^tP^dSl^.^’ the Root h^ing neceflary for Bread, which

CadtLfl^ ab0UC mUt- C&/ Fr0m Whcnce ther were brought to

IV. Convolvulus radios tuherofa, efculenta, minor e, pt&purej. Cat.p^4i Batates
Ind. Or. part. 6. p.8 $ . Red Spanifh Batatas. * M4 states

This has a Root four or five Inches long, as big as ones Finger bi^eti i*

-d Several fibrilsdrawifgitsNfurint.

ing broken, yields Milk very plentifully^ which ^0^“ °“^ “colour
The Stalks were two or three Foot long, round, and green, putting for h at
every Inch, or more. Leaves very like thofe of the precedent, onfy not fo

BWh nTa vT o °J 3 deCp §raPs green colour, and thin, alnioft like
t lofe of a \ iolet, Handing on an Inch, or a two Inches long Foot-Sulk
This here defenbed was a very young Plant. ® alK’

plantfdrcW “C C0l0nd B°Urdem Plamacion< bcyond Gmmha, where it was

It is ufed only to give Mobby a fine reddilh colour.

°h,nfiS °¥"’ flm fdi° Umui

R_Jkhc,SJrnWS to a very greac ^ngth, covering fometimes many Trees, or the
Banks oi Rivers for many Paces, having a round and reddilh Stalk arm d

Rif about 'anv^diinp1'^ ' ^ lW’ Van°uily fllaPd PrickH winding its
about any thing it comes near, or creeping along the furface of theu

Rdie^lon^ Foor-Stri k ^ nces c°7 ouc. fmo°di Leaves, landing on f$

the Foot-Stalbs end rnH ^ c{iree pointed being four Inches long from
root otalks end to their points, and as broad from Ear to Ear at the bafe

tlKrc being a efed or Sip from tire Ears to the Point. Tte Flowers come

Inches loni UP°‘l “ '“h 1™S Footstalks, having a four

by degrees, it opens its felf into a
wmte monopctalous Bell-Flqwer, of five Inches Diameter, a little fmuated

and having five green dbcermble ftreaks on its out fide. Tte ieei-VelTei

hay

has five little, brown, fliort, capfular Leaves, Handing underneath. It is
an Inch long, pyramidal and brown, having four protuberances, and con¬
tains three irregularly figur’d large Seeds, very dark brown colour d, hard

a" [throws by the Tides of Black River, and Rio Coin, very plentifully.

The Leaves of this are very different from thofe ot the Convolvulus A-
mericanus, fuhrotundis foliis, viticulis fiinojis. Vluhnit. Tub z?6. Ftg.o,. Aim.
p.nq. So that they cannot be the lame, though Dr. Plukenet. p. 54. Mant.
i-liinlrc ir mav be the lame.

VI. Convolvulus major beptaphyllos , fiore fulpbureo, odor at 0, fpeciocijfimo. Cat ,
®,«. tab. 96. Fig. z. Spanijh Arbor Vine, or Spamfl) Woodbind.

This has a round tuberous Root, as large as ones Head, fending forth a
brown corner’d Stalk, which mounts, and turns round the highelt Trees,
and covers them with its numerous Branches The Leaves come out at three
or four Inches interval, they are finger’d like thofe of the Hedera qutnquefolia
Canadenfis Cornuti, having two Inches long, green, round Foot-Stalks, and be¬
ing divided into feven Fingers or Divifions, each Sedhon having a middle
Rib, beginning narrow, growing larger, and ending in a point. The Secti¬
ons at bafeare Ihortcft, and narroweft, each growing larger to the feventh,
which is four Inches long, and one broad, thin, fmooth, and dark coloured.
The Flowers Hand on three Inches long, round, green Foot-Stalks, com¬
ing out ex alls foi being monopetaious Bell Falhion’d, of a very fine yellow
colour and fuelling fweet. After thefe follow the Seeds, contained in a
Capfula as big as a fmall Wallnut. The Capfula is thin, membranaceous,
brown, and covered with foliofe, or capfular Leaves, flicking to its Bafe.
Thefe Seeds are very large, being ufually three, and triangular, having one
round fide, and being of a dark brown colour, looking like Sattin, by many

brown Hairs, are on their furface. . ^ r f ~ ,

It grows among the Trees by the Banks of Rio-Cobre near the Town, and

is planted by Arbors to make fhades, they covering them, and by their
Leaves keeping out the Sun-Beams, better than any one of this Kind I

A Planter finding this tuberous Root in his ground, very plentifully,
thought that he had found a new fort of Provifion like Batatus for his No-
frroes ; but he was miftaken for on boyling this Root as the others it would

'not at all relilh with them.

This cannot be the Convolvulus Americanus villofus pentapbyllus & heptafhyl-
los major. Herm. as Dr. Flukenet thinks, p. 55. of his Mantijja.

VII. Convolvulus pentapbyllos, fiore pallide flavefcenle, cauls hirfut^ pungent e.
Cat. p. 5 y. An Convolvulus Americanus , pentapbyllos, folio glabro dentato , vi-

ticulis hirjutis. Plum. Tournef. Infi. p. 84 ?

The Root of this Plant is oblong, and tuberous, of an Alh colour, from

which rifes a large purple Stem, branch’d out into others, very tough, and
purple, taking hold, and climbing up by its Stalk any Plant or Herb it comes
near The hairy long prickles on the Stalks of this Plant are pricking and
troublefome, like thofe on Cowhage. At about two Inches diftance, come out
the Flowers and Leaves, the latter Hand on three quarters of an Inch long
Foot-Stalks, being divided into five Sections from the Center of its Foot-
Stalks as Lupins , aznus callus, ot Hedera quinquefolia Canadenfis Cornuti. That
Sedion opposite to the Foot-Stalk, is about an Inch long, the reft being Sor¬
ter in proportion to their being near the Bafe, being all fmooth, and of a
pale green colour, like the Leaves of Burnet. The Flowers come out ex alts
fol. Handing on two Inch long Foot-Stalks. They are fmall, monopetaious.

\

The Natural Hijlory of Jamaica. 153

Bell falhion’d, of a very pale yellow colour, having a green pentaphyllous
calyx. After the Flowers follows a round Gapfula, divided into four Locu-
laments or Cells, in each of which lies one brown Seed, covered with a
woolly Hair, triangular, round on one fide, and flat on the two others*
each Cell being by feveral membranes divided from the others.

It grows in the Savannas, and by the Rivers Tides very plentifully.

I think this Plant agrees with Dr.Plukenefs Convolvulus quinquefolius,glaber
&c. as I have laid in my Catalogue, notwithftanding his being of another
Opinion. Mant.p.yy,

VIII. Convolvulus pentaphyllos minor, fore purpureo. Cat. p. 55. Tab. 97,
Fig. 1.

A final! flringy Root, fends up a round purple Stalk, winding about
any thing near it, and riling two Foot high, on which, here and there. Hand
purplilh green, five pointed, fmooth Leaves, the notches reaching almolt to
the purple Foot-Stalks end, fomewhat like Papaw Leaves. The Flowers come
out ex alis foliorum, they are monopetalous, of a purple colour, and very
pleafant, after which follows a round, brown Capfula, membranaceous, and
inclofing the Seed, as the other Convolvuli.

It grew among the prickly Pears in the Town Savanna, goinp towards
two Mile Wood.

’Tis eafie by comparing the Defcription ?md Figure of this, and the Con¬
volvulus quinquefolius, glaber, Amcricanus. Plukenet. Phyt. Tah. 167. Fig. 6 .
That that Plant and this are different, though Dr. Plukenet, p. 55. of his
Mantijfa, thinks they may be the lame.

IX. Convolvulus major polyanthos , longiffime latijjimeque repens, floribus albis 1
minoribus, odor at is. Cat. p. 55. Tob.yy. Fig.z.

The Plant covers fometimes a great many Trees, and fometimes Paltures
for a great breadth. It has a broad or comprefs’d, flat, long, cornered Root,
of a brownilh colour, from whence many firings go under the furface of the
Earth, to draw Nourilhment to the whole Herb. The Stalks are whitifli,
broad, fmooth, having feveral round eminencies on their furface, and rife
about any Tree they come near, to fometimes a very great heighth, at other
times fpread on the furface of the Earth to a great breadth, putting forth
Branches adorn’d with Leaves at an Inch and an halfs difiance. They are
lhap’d like a Heart, an Inch and a half long from the Inch long Foot-Stalk
to the end of the Leaf, and an Inch broad at the round Bafe, where broadeft,
fmooth, loft, and of a darkilh green colour. The Flowers come out on the
Branches in great numbers. They Hand on an Inch long Foot-Stalks, are
monopetalous, Bell falhion’d, white, with five greenilh FafcU, little in re-
fpedl of the Plant, and fmelling very fweet. After each of thefe Flowers
lucceeds one large Seed, of an oval Figure, like brown Velvet, folid, in-
doled in a brown membranaceous hairy Seed-Veflel, having five capfular
brown Leaves, Handing out on every fide under it like the Rays of a
Star.

It grows on the plain grounds near the River fide, by the Town of
St.Jagode la Vega, and in other places of the Ifland, very plentifully.

It Flowers in May and December, when the humming Birds are very bufie
about it, feeding on the Farina flicking to the Flowers.

It has a pleafant fmell, when in Flower, much like that of the Narciffus
Medioluteus, call’d Pijjaulitz at Montpelier.

R r

Xi Con -

A

X. Convolvulus Polyanthos, folio fuhrotundo, fiore luteo. Cat. p. 57.

This Convolvulus has a round, woody, green Stalk, by which it climbs,
or winds its felf round any Tree it comes near fqr many Feet high, putting
forth Leaves at four Inches diftance. They are cordated, more than two
Inches long, and as broad at the round Bafe, where broadeft, having fome
Nerves going from the end of the Foot-Stalk, through the Leaf, and
fome few tranfverfe ones, fmooth, of a dark green colour, and exa&ly
in every thing like the precedent, Banding on three Inches long Foot-Stalks.
The Flowers are many, Band on four Inch long Stalks, they being at their
end, as at a common Center, divided into feveral three quarters of an Inch
long Petioli, fuBaining feveral large monopetalous. Bell falhion’d, yellow
Flowers, having fome FafcU within them, and a few flight Incifures on
the edges with a Stylus, and fome Stamina. After each of thefe follows a per¬
fectly Spherical, brown Capfula, with five capfular dry Leaves, and within
it three Velvet, or fattin’d, brown, triangular Seeds like the other Con¬
volvuli.

It grew in a Wood, going towards the Ferry, near the Crawls Plan¬
tation.

I gathered a variety of this in Barbados, having hairy Calices.

I Tee no realon given by Dr. Plukenet in his Mantifja. p. 5-4. why I fhould
think thole Synonima, I have tah> n in my Catalogue to belong to this Plant,
not to belong to it.

XI. Convolvulus major, folio fuhrotundo, fiore ample, purpurea. Cat. p.55. Tab .
98. Fig. 1.

The round, green Sarments, or Stalks of this Plant mount about any
Shrub, Tree, or Hedge, to a great heighth, cloathing them green with their
many Branches and Leaves, which are two Inches and an half long from the
Foot-Stalks end, to that of the Leaf oppofite to it, and two Inches broad at
the round Bafe, from one Ear to the other, the Leaves being fafhion’d like
a Heart, fmooth, of a yellowifh green colour, and Banding on an Inch and
a quarter long Foot-Stalks. The Flowers are of a pale purple colour, very
large, monopetalous, and Bell fafhion’d, after each of which fucceeds a brown
Capfula, having above five dry capfular Leaves, four round Protuberances,
and in each of them a large triangular, fmooth, folid, whitilh brown Seed.

It grows every where on the Hedges and Ditches of the moifier grounds.

The Deco&ion purges grofs ,and cold humours with Worms. It is to
be taken in the morning, and made of the green Herb, othetwife it is
not ufeful. Hernand.

XIT. Convolvulus folio lanato, in tres lacinias divifo, Bore oblongo , purpurea.
Cat . p. 55. Tab. 98. Fig. v.

This by its round, whitilh, woolly Stem, turns its felf round the Truncs of
Trees, rifing twenty Foot high, at every Inches diBance, putting forth Leaves,
Banding on three quarters of an Inch long Foot-Stalks. They are fomething
like the Elder Leaves of Ivy, being divided into three Lacinia, an Inch and
an half long from the Center of the Foot-Stalk, to the point oppofite to it,
and as much or more from oneSe&ion at Bafe, to the other ; they are of a
very white green colour, foft, and covered over with fiiort Woolf The
Flowers come out ex alts foliorum. Banding on a quarter of an Inch long
Foot-Stalks in a pentaphyllous, green Capfula, are monopetalous, an Inch
and an half long in the Tubulus of the Flower, which opens it felf Bell fa-
Ihion, of a fine purple colour, with fome yellow Stamina in the middle, and
five paler Streaks or FafcU. After thefe follows a brown membranaceous

Capfula,

The Natural Hiftory ^Jamaica. 155

Capfula, with four round Protuberances, under a thin membrane, containing
three fattitfd Seeds, like the other Convolvuli. 6

It grew on the larger Trees, in the Road to Guanaboa , and at Colonel Ful¬
lers Houfe in St. Dorothies near the Bridge, over Black River.

XIII. Convolvulus folio hederaceo, angulofo, fore dilute purpureo Cat p 56 ]

This fends forth feveral Stems from the fame Root, which is oblong

deep and large, each of the Stalks being round, reddiih, and about three or
four Foot long, trailing on the farface of the ground, at every three or
four Inches diftance putting forth Leaves and Flowers ex eorum ala. The
Leaves Hand on two Inches long Foot-Stalks. They are an Inch and an half,
or two Inches long from the Center of the Foot-Stalk to the oppofite point*
and as much from one end of the Se&ion at Bafe, to the other, every Leaf
being angular, having two Se&ions at Bafe or Ears, and a third (harper
and longer, oppofite to the Foot-Stalk, very like the elder angular Leaves
of Ivy. The Flower has an half Inch Foot-Stalk, a pentaphyllous Capfula or
Calyx, and a monopetakms, Bell falhion’d, pale, purple Flower, agreeing ex¬
actly with the other Convolvuli in all its parts.

It grows in very great quantities on the Red Hills near Guanaboa , and in
cleared low Lands, as alfo on the Banks of the Rio-Cobre, below the Town
of St. Jago de la V ?ga, on the fame fide of the River.

By the Figure of the Leaves, which agrees with thofe of what Pifo fays
gives Jalap, I concluded this to be the fame, but on tryal I found it had
no fuch Root as I expedled.

XIV. Convolvulus folio hederaceo , angulofo , lantiginofofore magno, ccerulee, pa*
tulo. Cat. p. 5 6 . [Habalnil. Avic.

The Stalk of this is round, hairy, and pretty large, having Leaves
(landing at about two Inches intervals, on Inch Jong hoary Foot-Stalks.
They are lhap’d like thofe of Ivy, having three Angles or Points, whitifh,
hoary, woolly, foft, an Inch and an half long, and an Inch broad at Bafe,
where broadeft. Ad alas foliorum , come the Flowers, being feveral on the
fame Foot-Stalk. They are large, blew, monopetalous, and extremely
pleafling to the Eye, in every thing agreeing with the other Convolvuli .

It grew in Mrs. Guys Plantation in Guanaboa.

Label tells us that it was in the Gardens of Italy, France , and the Low-
Countries, and Terrentius in thofe of Italy in his time, and their Defecti¬
ons agree very well to this Dodoneuss Cut feems to make the Flower five
pointed, which may come from the Fafcu mod Convolvuli have faying they
are per eras anguloft, and fo do other Authors, fo there may be fome doubt
whether it be that.

It purges grofs Humours. Avicen .

XV. Convolvulus marinus catharticus folio rotundo* Cat. p. 57. An Con¬
volvulus marinus Catharticus folio rotundo , fore purpureo, S. Patate de Mer. &
Camoulrouloe de Plumier. Plukenet. Aim. p. 1 1 3 ? Phyt. Tab. 3 xq. Fig. i ?

This had a very deep, white, oblong Root, and a great many long,
round Stalks, as big as ones little Finger, green, fpread on the furface of the
ground for feveral Yards in length. The Leaves flood on them without any
order. They had two Inches loog Foot-Stalks, were aim oft round, only a
very fmall notch, or defed, as if a little piece had been cut out with a pair of
Sciftors, at the end oppofite to the Foot-Stalk, making the Leaf cordated,
though fometimes it wants this defetft. It is of two Inches Diameter,
having feveral Ribs from the Foot-Stalks, and middle Nerve, fmooth, of a
yellowilh green colour, and in its furface is like the Caltha palufiris. The

Flowers

r

156 The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

Boil’d in water it makes a Fomentation to eafe gouty Pains. The Leaves
prepar’d into a Potion with Goats Milk are given for the Haemorrhoids.

Stalks and Leaves are temperately warm, and emollient, and
therefore good in Baths, and to {Lengthen the Body, efpecially in cold
Difeafes. The Decoaion of them are given inwardly, for the lame pur-

^ I have learned, of perfons well experienced, that the infpiflatcd juice is
very purgative, and it is a kind of Scammony, and may be given as ordi¬
nary Scammony, from ten to twelve or fourteen Grains. It may be cor¬
rected with Sulphur, Creme of Tartar, or ordinary Quinces, or m want
of them, with the Flefh of the Fruit Guava, or Almonds, or the cold Seeds.

XVI. Convolvulus maritimus major noftras rotundifolius. Morif Cat

? /could not fee any difference between the European, and this Herb.

It grew on GunCayos , a {mall Ifland oft of Port-Royal
It is very purging, efpecially of watery and hydropick Humours, and
either given in Powder, or boil’d in Broths, but very {Long, and not fit
for weak Perfons. Ger. who fays likewife that it was ufed about Hampfbm

^The^uice condens’d, either outwardly applied to the Belly, or in¬
wardly given, is commonly, though not fafely, known to help the Drop-

fie. Lob.

Thre^Drams 0/ the Powder of the Leaves drank with Whey for fome
clays, purges notably hydropical Humours. Lac •

XVII. Convolvulus minor lamginofus, folio fubrotundo, fore cceruko. Cat p. 58.

TWshffa’fmall, round, green Stalk, l>y which it winds and turns its
felf round any Plant it comes near, creeping a great length, and having
very few Leaves, or fet at great intervals, one from another They Band on an
Inch and an half long Foot-Stalks, are corclated, or fhapd like a Heart, an
Inch and an half long, and an Inch broad at their round Bafe of a very
green colour, and covered with a little white Wooll. The Flowers come
out ex alls foliorum, fometimes feveral together, and fometimes only one by
its felf They are monopetalous, Bell fafhiond, and of an extremely plea-
fant lively blew colour, {landing in a pentaphyllous, rough, hairy Calix,
and on a quarter of an Inch long Foot-Stalk. After thefe follow, in a taper¬
ing or pointed brown, membranous Capfula, three, almoft triangular Seeds,
brown, and likethofe of the other Convolvuli, being lodged m three feverai
Cells, dillinguiih’d by fo many membranes.

The Natural Hijlory of Jamaica.

Ft grows in great plenty flowring in November, in the open erounds

other Bullies near fhe M\£

Tabfl"ffThalUS miHOr nf!m’ mmUrU f'ik Me cceruleo. Cat. f. yg.

takifgmRoaotf hele andTe’re 'wife foTch t"S' fS’ ^ S*lks’
alternattvely, at final!,

of the Nummularia minor flore purpur'ifeente THpv ~ ,] ’ J^e ^ofa

Inch long, and an Inch Broad, lSg a fnb Jr S.N * T 1"”"°°* =>*
a quarter of an Inch long brmvn Foot-S X & J fat ” end' and
Flowers, Handing on Ihol Foot-Stafc .% ate

fluond, of a light blue colour, after which follows a brown Capfula cnJJ
mg two or three brown Seeds. contain-

fUr VCry PlenCif“1,y after R3i"' Town and in

Piff C°nv°lv'tl"s rectus minor, folio angttflo cimdicme. Cat.p.tf Tab oo
Totjf. tfl fX™ Amrkami- *»** Ktlitnthcmi foUo. Plum.

o Vm lias.a. *ong ftraight Root, which lhoots forth feveral fmall ™,r A
Stalks, ftraig-ht up, rifing to fcarce a Foot high, covered over wfr V ? *
Down, the Leaves hand iregularly along the Stem. They are an Inch 1
and not over a quarter of an Inch broad fmnorh i y ? ”ch long>
their underfide. The Flowers come out ex alit V / ^ iaVe a iairy DoWn 013
Bell falhion’d, white, with fte td TcT^T’
neath, by which it adheres to the Stalk m rU;c f n ’ and a Cal/x under-
Capfula containing feveral Seeds. * ° °WS a Pentapbyllous

after RaT ” the near the Town * St. Jay de U regi,

pffeo ViH'S’ '* Ms, flora

four or five Foot high, Lh whereof ’was ffut? l^The IZkTofjll
w CjFl”gj’ liavin8 under a imooth, day coloured Bark a hard wh.vfl!
Wood, and very large Pith, writ many trJnlvcrfc dllrdn^ncdlris The

or aneindfra(hncSPOEach0oTthem0hadr one* thircfrait tw°rinc^e®>'

^fbroadTft^ofa da°I Inch'sI°'f’ and one Inch broad in the middfl’
whitifh h!,Vc » f/ df,k green colour’ rou§h’ or fet all over with lhort

one third part of.ffiftg ^1^ " T^te”8 ?
petalous, difform, didided at 1 ends into feVerl sL» nr. bf a"d« T^
purple, and fet very thick over, with rtrong ihorr Hal The boftom “fie
Flower fwelhng, there comes in it a Ca,%U or Seed-Veffel in which it,
much fmall, oblong, crooked, browmlh Seed.

It grew in the mountainous Woods of this Wand,

cffffTffffJ Mofteciofo.foliitexadverfofitis,

Raid 1S TUc r° a'D°UC f° lir or five Foot hi§h> bsing branched on every

one another at andnehes dillaiK^ffoni eaclforher. ^They fta^^^r^eighth

S f

1 57

4.+-

158 The Natural Hi (lory of Jamaica.

part of an Inch long Footstalks, are an Inch and an half long, and about
half as broad in the middle, where broadeft, being fmooth, and of a dark
green colour. The tops of the Twigs are branched generally, and carry
feveral Flowers of a yellow colour, very pleafant, being tubulous and mo-
nopetalous, the Or* divided into five Se&ions, and this Handing on tbe
rudiments of the Fruit, which augments into a pyramidal oblong Head,
covered with fome few frnall Leaves, and is made up of three feveral Cells,
in each of which is great plenty of frnall, brown Seed.

It grew on the Red Hills going to Colonel Cope’s Plantation in G»a-
mb o a.

XXII. Rapunculus aquaticus, foliis Ctchorii, flore albo, tubulo longijjimo. Cat.p.q 3.
Tab. ior. Fig. z.

This had a deep and thick Root, with which it was firmly fix’d in the
Earth, and from whence rofe a roundifh Stalk about four Inches high, having
many Leaves, going out alternatively at very Ihort intervals, each being
without any Foot-Stalk, about three Inches long, and three quarters of an
Inch broad near the further end, where broadeft, and whence they decreafe,
ending in a blunt point. They are rough, of a whitilh green colour, and
laciniated round their edges, after the manner of Dens Leonisy or Cichory,
to the Leaves of which they are not unlike. Towards the tops come the
Flowers, being of a very white or milky colour, and pleafant to look on.
The Tubulus is the longeft I ever faw, being about three or four Inches long.
The Or* are divided into five points, and after thefe follows, in frnall Heads,
much frnall Seed.

It grows on the moift Banks of the Rio Cohre, above and below the
Town very plentifully.

XXIII. Rapunculus folio oblongo , [errato, flore galcato, integro, pdlide luteo.
Cat.p.y S. Tab.95. Fig.z. An Rapuntium Amsricanum Altiffimum, foliis cirjiit
flore virefeente. Plum. Toarnef In(t. p.193?

This has a Stalk as big as ones Finger, rifes thee Foot high, being green
and fmooth, and having very many Leaves fet on it, without any order,
each of which is ten Inches long, and two broad in the middle of a dark
green colour, and indented about the edges. At the top are a great many
Flowers, they are of a pale yellow colour, and galeated, having a long Galea
turn’d up, and fome Stamina coming out of the middle of the Flower. The
Seeds were very frnall, and fearce difcernible, brown like thofe of hyofeya-
mus, and contained in feveral Cells, in one Capfula, furrounded with four
fcliola.

It grew in the Woods by the Path going to fixteen Mile Walk, and other
Woods about Guanaboa.

This is a Rapuntium.

XXIV. Speculum Veneris majus, impatient. Cat. p 59. Tab. 100. Fig.z.

This rifes to three or four Foot high, having a fquare jointed, rough,
and a little hoary Stalk. The Leaves ftand oppofite one to the other, at
every Inches diftance, on half an Inch long Foot-Stalks, being an Inch
and an half long, and three quarters of an Inch broad, near the middle,
where broadeft, hoary, and of a bluilh green colour. Ex alts foliomm come
out the Branches, two always fet oppofite, on whofe tops ftand Flow¬
ers without any Foot-Stalks. They have five capfular, long, green
Leaves, and a long white tubulus, and on its top an open fine deep blew
Flower, whofe Or* are deeply divided into five Sections, to which fol¬
lows a quadrangular, three quarters of an Inch long Capfula , containing

round.

The Natural Hijiory 0/ Jamaica.

15-9

round, flat, brown Seeds, which are thrown out of the CapfuU with violence
when tis either touch d or wetted on the end. ® 1 VIolence>

It grew about the Town, in many places, amongfl: the Bullies.

• Cardm*lti foe rapnntio affinis anomala , cattle Quadrato flore coc-

cmeo capful, jgramidalu Cat p. y9. Euphrafu alfines major! folio Jore/akl
pall, do lam Jammenfu. Phkenet. Almag. p. i4z. PhitoL Tab lia F?*
An Cara-Caniram. H. M. pan. 9. Tab. f6 t 7 ^ ?9‘ F* 6~

The Root was Ihort thick, and divided into three or four Ion? red-lifli
ftrong Branches. The Stalk was fquare, green, jointed, three of fo ur Foot
high . flender, and fcarce able, without help, to hold its felf up, having
Branches coming out at its joints, fet oppofite to one another, at every two
Inches diftance. At every Joint were large Leaves, Handing on an Inch and
an half long Foot-StaJcs. They were two Inches long, and one broad, near the
Foot-Stalk, where they were broadeft. They were a little rough had a
point oppofite to the Foot-Stalk, and were of a dirty green colour The
Leaves on the fmalier Branches were lefier, but of the fame fhape The
Flowers Hand in Spikes on the ends of the Branches, at half an Inches di-
Itance one from another, being of a very curious Scarlet colour, three quar¬
ters of an Inch long, tubulous, widening towards the top, where they were
open, withfome Stamina. After thefe follow’d three or four round flat
black Seeds, having a notch or defetfi in every one of them and lv-

boftom a gr6efllfll Cfoala> Pyramidal, being round at top, and lharp It
deU f Feja ^ pIace* ^ R*° G°^e* ^ tlie ToWn of St. Jago

* XXYI; RWfoi0 v cult f era, folio ollongo, ferrate, flore cocci .

cmeotubulofo , femlm minuto, ollongo, htteo. Cat.p. 59. Tab.'ioz. Fir. r.

This Plant has feveral ftrong, fhort, blackilh Roots, fending forth a
round woody Stem, having a clay colour’d Bark, with fome Sulci in it
rifing three or four Inches high, having at the top very many oblong Leaves;
ftanding very thick, without any order, on a quarterfof an Inch long Foot-
Stalks, cover d with a reddilh Wooll like Mofs. Each of thefe Leaves
is feven Inches long, an Inch and an half broad, near the farther end, where
broadelt they beginning very narrow, widen themfelves to near the end ’
where they Hraiten again, and end in a point* being much fnipt about the
edges Ex alts fclurum comes out a fmall Stalk, divided into feveral
Branches having above a five pointed green Calix, an Inch long tubulous
fcarlet colour d Flower, fomething like thofe of Pericljmcnum, with fome
yellow. Ih Stamina, after which follows, in a Ihort, fungous, cornered Seed-

yenowilhaSeedsn0d,ftln<aCe S' but one cavlty. a great many fmall, oblong,

teen bide Walk.6 Crann‘eS °f ^ ^ R°cks' the Road SoinS to ^

XXVII. Stramonia altera major five Tatura quibuldam. T. B. Cat. p to.
Stramonium frnclu flinefo, ollongo flore alio Toumcf Infl. p.itg. An St lament -
ttm majus purpureum Park par. p. ,6 > Stramonium majus album & vubatim

Peril Mmg° Bai"‘' h>^' °*' t- 6°7- Thorny Apples of

, 1 n°t obferve any difference between this Plant found here, and that
delcnb d by Authors.

1:

1 60 The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

It grew juft by the Prifon going to the Rivet. Whether it was wild or
came there accidentally, I know not ; but I obfcrvd it here, and in moftof

It is of great ufe in Surgery, as well in Burnings and Scaldings, as virulent

and malignant Ulcers, Apoftems, &c. Gen
The Seed came from Confiantinople . Id.

AnOintment is made of the Juice boiled with Hogs greafe, curing all In¬
flammations, Burns, &c. The Leaves boil d in Oi till burnt, then drain d
and mix’d with Wax, Rofin, and Turpentine, doth, (made into a Salve,) cure

Ulcers and Wounds, new and old, Id.

It is cold the Deception of the Leaves is ufed as a Fomentation or Lini¬
ment in Fevers, especially Quartans. The Fruit and leaves againft pain in
the Bread, the Leaves infus’d in water into the Ears, cures Deafnefs. Put
on the Pillows it brings Sleep to thofe who are awake. If too many be eaten
they bring madnefs. Hern.

Four Grains make one Drunk. Two Drams kills, if not helptwith Vo¬
miting with warm Water and Butter, or Oil, and a Bath to the Legs and

Arjhe fS mart of a Dram Inebriates. An Ounce kills the fame day. Lugd.

Mixt and beat with Sirgelim Oil (or Sefamum) it is applied to humoral
Tumors The Juice of the Leaves mixt with Sugar (Jagra decant,) and ap¬
plied to an Enfolds cures it. Three Seeds are good in a cold Fever. Th*
fame beaten with water wherein Rice has flood, is fuccefsfully applied to

tumified parts. H. M.

XXVIII. Linar k minor, erecla coerulea . Cat. p. 59. Tab. 103. Fig. 1.

This had a round, Angle Stalk, riling to about two Foot high, on which
were placed Leaves alternatively, being an Inch and an half long narrow
like the Leaves of Linar k lutea vulgaris. J.B. The tops of the Stalks were
branched into feveral fix Inches long Spikes of blue Flowers, as the
others of this Kind, after which followed fo many roundilh, turgid Seed-
Veflels, each divided into two Cells, in which lie flat, brown Seeds.

It grew on the Inland Savannas of this Ifland.

This Plant is, by its Title, Defcription, and Figure, fufhciently dilhn-
pUi(h’d from the other LinarU ccerulea, as alfo the linaria annua purpuro-
violacea, &c. mentioned by Dr Plukenet in his Mantitfa, p. 118. where he
leaves out one of the Notes I give of this, viz,, that it is Idler than the
others that are blue, and then finds fault with my Title, as not defcribing
it particularly enough.

XXIX. Antirrinum minus angufti folium, flore dilute purpureo. Cat. p. 49.

Tab. 103. Fig. 2. Balfam-Herb. .

This had a great many hairy, red fibers for Roots, which lend up a
fquare nine Inches high, brownilh Stalk, as big as thofe of Idler Centaury,
on which flood the Leaves oppofite to one another, having fmall Foot-Stalks.
They were an Inch and an half long, and not over an eighth part of an Inch
broad, of a very dark green colour. Towards the top^ the Stalk was di¬
vided into Inch long Branches, fet with feveral Flowers, like thofe of Antir¬
rhinum, of a pale purple colour. I faw not the Seed, but doubt not it ought
to be referr’d to this Kind.

It grew on the rocky and woody Hills between Guanaboa, and Colonel
Bourdens Plantation, on each fide of the Road very plentifully. .

It is accounted by the Indians, and thole who came from Surinam, to be
an extraordinary Vulnerary.

XXX. Sefa-

The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica. 161

XXX. Sefamum Veienm. C B. pin Cat t> rn row r n • ?• n r

"»***■ Tmrnef hjl. f. ** D***' St ’

Jilin TemJy Pla°read h,Cre bTle ia Gardens. and a,-c-

t0 d Defcnpcions of Authors, having a Flower like Diritalis. gt ^

The Seed is very often beat up in Chocolate.

In Ethiopia tmd ABgypt, they ufe the Oil as we do Oil Olive : it is made by
beating the Seds in ia Mortar, and expreffing the Oil. Marcrr. Y

The Seed and Oil is hot, moift, emollient, and refolving breeds erofs

“SittrS” “• “J - ** “ kKfS

rha^’anytheT. ^ * wa* of excdW- inking it better

„, A,DeC‘?ar °f rtbe _P)ant is u(^ bor refolving OfbtalmU, if they be ab-
hllnVr' 'e E^“' for Coughs, Pleurefies, Inflammations of the Lungs and
hard (chirrous Tumours. Women ufeit for hardncfs of the Uterus itmovins

fntff nVl% "? th? fame for thoDifeafes of the Shin and ’face from
Ar r T A 1C| ?Crb and ',ced boil’d in Honey, makes a Refblyina Plai-
fter for hard and fanguineous Tumors, and dried Nerves. The Deration

mnf h°d Tl c Jfters-. T1]ecSejd glves §rofs Nourilhment, and fattens very
, The decorticated Seed fattens ; the Oil mote ; and the Drees (which

O iTb^far With Hen"0 m0re d’3'1 ^ Women "dinar, ly drink the
PaL and ih'Ti Vi Dreg3 >VS S,ven to four Ounces in Plurilies and
Pains and- in ad deflations of the Skin, outwardly, as well as inwardly

of^T’and 7ZW aU °therS’ feemS C° d,mngUilh b™ *«* *f*L

LJf OU drawn lt0m £he Seed is ufed by the Poor in the Eaft-I»di,t.

it NGrmeu<*3 for Cakes, mixing it in making their Bread, and fprinklin*
it with water on the top of the Bread. The whole is hot in the fitft and moil
,n the fecond Degree, Emplaftic, and Emollient. Dcrfi. ’ m0lft

Ic is planted for the Oil in Bengale. Bern.

gronnCd0poor.rr“L/f” P‘l*”*u' its Roots makes the

I taaCS off £hP roughnefsof the Throat, clears the Voice mollifies

hardned Apoftems, and fattens very much. Lae,

his burdenfome to the Stomach by its Oilinefs.

, rnc ls ™ac!e by bruifing the Seed, and throwing of ic into water It
billy CCC%™k>ng °d°nkwus °ils chan common Oil8 becaufe of its dura-

i ?s’ ^ ^a^et1 to four Ounces for many days, good a^aind the Irch

-dbreathin^FiuHd, Peripneumonia , ad menfes movendos, and for pains in
the Stomach, Womb and Guts. ' Arab. Phy(. pam3m

The Oil of the Seeds is given for any pains The Indians ufe it in ™

louring their Bodies with Tome Simples added. H. M.

Indies foreFSon°if 't! Uf?d in T Piaces of the M and Weft*

whether Medial «Tr P* ^ ?f^Indies {erves for a11 the purpofes,
rlllerf r r / ?uI,nar^ for whlch we ufe ordinary Oil : It is there

Breafh Jw7n P t- f aS an excellen£ ^rnedy m fliortnefe of

and my verv c C L*nPeed"Oi. 1. Lately Mr .James Cunningham , F. R. §.

to the WTr° mefromC^ wliere he is Phyfician

m . V h’T5- • I F chac die Bean or Mandarin Broath, fo frequently

made^of'tlie &edz*a£ ^id other Authors, is only an eLlfion

maae or tlie Seeds of Sefamum and hot water

\ ... . f : ,

T ‘ XXXI. Arifs.

XXXf. Ariftolochia fcandens odoratijfima, floris labello purpureo, femine cor -
dato. Cat. p. 60. Tab. 104. Fig. 1. An Ariftolochia Americana, folio cor difor-
mi, flore longijfmo atropurpureo. Plum. Tournef. Infi. p. 1 63 ? Contra-Terva.

This has a long, round, geniculated Root, as thick as ones Finger, from
whence rifes a round green climbing Stem, taking hold of any Tree or Shrub
it comes near, rifing fix or eight Foot high, and covering them with its nu¬
merous Branches at every two or three Inches putting forth Leaves ex
comm alls. The Leaves ftand on the main Stalks or Branches, by an Inch
and an half long Foot-Stalks- They are cordated or triangular, roundifli
at bafe, four Inches long, and three and an half broad at bafe, frome one round
Ear to the other, of a dark green colour, fmooth, and having Ribs running
through its furface, taking their original from the end of the Foot-Stalk.
The Flower Rands on a three Inches long Foot-Stalk, is made like the Flowers
of tire Arifiolochia s, of a yellowilh colour, the Label being covered with a
purple Farina. After this follows a Fruit two Inches long and hexangular,
containing, in fix Cells fo many rows of fmall, flat, brown Seeds, exactly
of the fhape of a Heart, the points lying in, and the bafes making the an¬
gular Pod, which, when ripe, leaps open, the Seeds dropping out.

The whole Plant fmells very ftrong, and very gratefully.

It grows every where in the Woods about the Town.

The Root is bitterilh, hot in the third Degree, duelling fweet and rofiny.
If put in form of a Poultefe on Swellings it Cures them. It eafes pain, and
puts off the cold fit of an Ague. It strengthens the Heart, Stomach and Brain.
Cleanfes the Stomach and Bread, and (tops Fluxes. Hernandez,.

The Deco&ion of this Plant with Oil, is a good Liniment againft Serpents
bites. The Deco&ion of the Root, or the fame mixt with water, is good
in the fame. It takes away cold Fevers, Headaches, Dropfies and Dyfurie.
If us’d in Lotion it Cures the Gout. The Juice, with Pepper and hot
Water, Cures the Flux of Blood. H. M.

XXXIL Digitalis , folio oblongo ferrate , ad foliorum das ftorida. Cat. p. 60.
Tab. 104. Fig. x.

This grows by a rough, round, green, woody Stalk, to about two Foot
.high, having Leaves fet on it without any order, ten Inches long, and two
broad in the middle, indented about the edges, rough, and like to the
Leaves of Digitalis. Towards the top -ex airs foliorum come out four or five
Inches long Stalks, being branch’d at their tops, and fuftaining feveral
yellowifh green, diffbrm, monopetalous Flowers, with dark fpots within, after
which follows, in a hard Seed-Vefiel, many fmall brown Seeds.

The whole Plant has a ftrong fmell.

It grew by the Tides of the Path going to fixteen Mile Walk, and under
the Town on the Banks of the Rio Cobre.

XXXIII. Solanum lethale , frutfu rubro, femine copiofiori mimttiffimo. Cat.
p. 60.

This rifes to five Foot high, by a quadrangular Stem, as thick as ones
middle Finger, covered with a clay coloured fmooth Bark, being jointed at
every two or three Inches diftance, and having two Leaves at every Joint, fee
oppofite to one another, each of which has an Inch long, green, round, Foot-
Stalk, is nine Inches long, and four broad in the middle, where broadeft,
being narrow at the beginning and end, a little indented about the edges,
having one middle, and feveral tranfverfe Ribs, being fmooth, and of a
dark green colour. Ex dis foliorum come the Flowers, feveral together, being
©0 the fame Inch long, green Foot-Stalk. They are yellowilh tubulous,

“ “ ‘ with

The Natural Hiftory ^Jamaica.

with feveral Stamina in the middle, after which follow fo many red Ber¬
ries, as big as a larger Pea containing in a Pulp of the fame^colour an

baccQ6 nUmbCr °f eXCremey fma11, brown Seed, almoft like that of To-

/Mii? Wa!k*P?th> by the Rivers fide, and under the
Town of St. Jago de la Vega, on the Banks fide, onthc fame fide of the

XXXIV. Zingiber G.B. fin. Cat. p. 60. Ind. or, fart. 6. P.8 2. Nieuhof.
^83. Ztnziber flore albo} a D. Steph. Sivert. Sacaviro de Flac. p A 6 Be/m
Flor. fin. lit. V Theven. p. 16. Gingembre de Fejnes p. 105. De Roclef Tab

Alt%. wg%ngif*°ri f°UOi UtriufquS IndU aUmm' Pfckenet'.

The Root of this is flat, as broad as ones Hand, having feveral round

Afias or ends, on every fide of it, like the Cym* or G?mma of fome

Plants, about the bigne s of ones little Finger, of half an Inch thicknefs it is

of a whitilh yellow colour, and has many fibrous Roots drawing its’Nou-

nment. From this rifes a Stalk about two Foot high, having feveral Leaves

goingf alternatively from oppofite fldes of the Stalk, each whereof is in co-

lour nke the gladiolus Leaves, though in their Confidence and Veins they

referable thofe of the Canna Indie a, being not fo broad, and fomewhit

longer. The Flowers (land on a diflind Stalk, without any Leaves, taking

their rife from the Root as thofe of our Arum. It is about a Foot higlf

jointed, there being at each Joint a Membrane, of a yellowifh green colour"

covering the Stalk to the next Joint. At and near the top come §the Flo wets

a great many together, fet very clofe, and making a long fpherical Held

which is made up of a great many fingle Flowers, each whereof ha^ one

arge broad membranous Leaf, of a yeliowifli green colour. Concave above

and Convex below. In its hollow fide are the Rudiments of the Fruit viz

around purphlh Knob, Handing on a fmall Foot-Stalk, and being coronated*

by a long Membrane of the fame colour. In fome time the round Knob

fLJpP°re’ cronf f a Be;ry as thefe others I take to be of the
lame Kind which are defenbed hereafter.

The whole Plant fmells gratefully fwcet, and pleafantly.

It is planted m all parts of this Iflland, but was brought firft from the
Eajl-Indies, it growing about Malabar in great plenty

. ,Greac quantities of it are pteferved here while it is yet green and before
it be grown lull of Strings or Filaments. Tis boiled in (everal water, anH
made tender before it be preferv'd, as likewife ’tis clear'd of its outward
Skin. If it be too old it leaves Strings or Filaments in the Mouth which

others fay0.'" “* ^ "0 ^ Whe"^r * WaS cllred’ as « and

A Limpid red tranfparent Oil, fwimming on water, is by fimple Diflrillarf
on got out of thefe Roots agreeing in fmell and caft with Ginger only
more mild. At a year old tis taken out of the Earth, fun'd for fourteen
days, then fprinkled with Aihes of Wood or Lime, and fo; is kept other"
wife it is liable to Corruption and Worms. ’Tis Lent dry’d, or preferv’d
every where. It does not like a Tandy, or not cultivated Soil and when ’tis
above a year old tis fill d with woody Filaments. It lofes its Leaves in
January and February. The chief vertue is in the Root, which, befides
taken in Viduals, remedies Afthmas, Coughs, toueh Fleam Sauramift,’

nfe-bHlnSrheIpful Ci° thS Cvil difP°fed Stomach. Outwardly applied ‘ it
• r j ’p out. ‘"the feet and Hands. Beaten with water, and infufed
tnto the Eyes, ,t Cutes the Vertigo that comes from Stoppages in Women

after

‘^TchUdtoh, Which, unlcfs cured in time, bnngsPalfies, Epilepf.es,
v/wWftes and even Death its feif in thole Regions. H. M.

MIr is ufed againft cold Difeafes of the Stomach and Guts, being beaten and
1 3 f rwn Oil and applied to the part, and to venomous Wounds.

rC ! wL?e is made of it in the Pbiliffm Wands. It is planted in
A mediated Wmc .s m d ‘ mVhe month of March, by pieces

Mexico, in f , . S ’ puf five Inches afundec, and five Inches deep.

after planting. It * to be watered

afterwards twir^a Week, or once .f the mo.fi. ^ ^

niec"' td mher & G*r. Or pickled with Salt and Vmegar,

the' taft-M, « but moft from St. H», St. Doming,, Nene-Spam, and the
Lot fays they ufe to cure it by covetmg .t w,dt

Potters-Earth , by which it was kept frelh, it is good for the Stomach.

eently loofens and heats, (Lengthening the Stomach. Candied it provokes
to vinery It is good aga.nft datknefs of fight, and for every thing as Pepper

is wke„ out of the ground, and a little dried in December mi J*m*rh
then coveted with a little Clay, not to increafe weight, but to keep it from .

C<lt wasTrft brought by Funcifce de Mendez* to tig-Sftbe from the E,ft.

' Indies and it thrives very much, being planted by Root or Seed. The dry
is candied being firft biried in wet places where Rulhes grows, or fre¬
quently walh’d and laid in hot water till it be tender then with Sugar it is

Pt wl/t GKhin\h 72h$ri* is not good. That in Ph*rmcepei*m Rend.

if lirow B,l[orit Pedre Metteo md Znnoni. .

There ate two forts, red and white, the red is rubb’d over with Rnbnca
the withe with Chalk to keep it from Worms, to which, when young and

white ’tis very obnoxious. Bod. a Stafd. , , . i

The firft Ginger was brought to the Weft from the Eeft-lnd.es and multiplied
then after fuel! a manner, that in 1 547- there was m the Flora izosi
Quintals. Jof. Acofta.

Will Sh^nd“ Cumin bdled in it, is good againft the Wind in the Guts
and Stomach, occafioning pain. Taken to halt an Ounce in a raug c at
night going to Bed, it expels ill humours by fweat. Dor ft.

ThemlTRoT^ whhfand red by the Druggifts. The red is befmeared
with Rubric*, the white with Chalk, to preferve them from Worms, calld

\lrV!he whftetdK the* firft! front the Bandies is foft, the
other fmm the Wed-Indies is really different. P ark.

There is a diffelence of that from the Eaft and Weft- Rfows wild in the
E*ft.hdies, though it be not fo good as that planted. They cure tt when
its Leaves dye. In December and Jmu*rj tis fit to Candy, tis firft bark d,
and kept in Brine or Vinegar for an hour or two, then fund for lo long,
and then cover'd in a Houfe, till all its humidity is gone, then they ate
candied with Sugar or Brine. Its Acrimony is loft by too much watering.
It is good in Colicks, Licnt cries, &c. Pif.

They

/

The Natural Hi ft or y ^Jamaica.

They plant it in Madagaftcar. under the Eves for Rain, t- • r l-j r
hindering the Tale of Pepper, bv the Kinn of „ V, 'S foib;d’ for

'ZPSZtJ? WASW.SiS SH

ssrt£°**~ *“ oh •«. °*«

gi« ?; cgr*;,toS£site fcvi“"s ifiLJ?

Ginger is very common in all the parts of the Weft and Eafl-Indhs Tr

came from the laft of thefc places to the Weft, from whence mod of whac
is brought into Europe comes. 1 wnac

Ginger when ripe is dug up. They cut off the Blades, fcraping the Skin
off with Knives to kill it. Nearer fcald it to kill it, which makes it hard

^ k " “d Whire’ -1’ • cleaner i'd

> e cau,hm fummiu,e «“"• <*

_ This, which was very like the Zerumbet Garz. grew to about four Poor
high the Stalk was round, and covered with Leaves from the Root ud-
wards to the very top, each whereof was about four Inches long, and two
broad of an almoR oval figure, and graffie, being thin, and having a great
many Ribs run from the Center of the Foot-Stalk/ through all oarfs of S

the^raH 1C’ P01r ^ W *" Cane‘ The lowers Rand at top of

the Stalk in a Head together, which is compofed of a great manv fet in

a three Inch long Spike, pretty clofe together, of a PL purple colour

each whereof is made up of one membranous Leaf, Convex on PRs under-

StalJC the ailc ,Concave J^ve i in which Rand, on an half Inch long Foot-
Stalk, the Rudiments of the Fruit, being a round protuberance or knnK

Leaves C°o f\ ^ °r fome ion^ withered, dry membranaceous
Leaves, or Flowers making a Crown. The round knob? after fome time

fwells into an obiong oval, purple Berry The Root is made up of a'

f;“„nyever;tfider°Und’ C'V° lnCM°n8’ ^ fmdlin§ «nger?

It grows on the North fide of Mount Diablo, very ocntifullv am™™

Riady Woods, in the Path going to fixteen Mile Walk, and in moft of the
Inland woody parts of the Ifiand. £ 0t the

The Root broiled, and applied as a Poultice in Cancers, noli me tamereY
&c is reckoned a very extraordinary and admirable Medicine, and if one
will give Credit to the Relations of Indians or Negros, is a never failing-
Remedy in thofe defperate Cafes, 4 * ver laiiInS

lhC r/jhepe % ndiculo jingutari. Cat.p. 6u

'■ ,07‘ M>Ca r'lZfdftrdfen.

o, Ihis.,dlfrVs. ,n 1,0 thing from that immediately preceding , only the
b« kr,fl^S,vC‘§'t' °r rj°0t hiSh. having much larger Leaves, §and in nine
' "V™ * Kl Fl0«’<=p and Fruit on the end of the Stalk it ha, a
Stalk about three Foot high, immcdiatly fpringing from the Root like out
Arums or Orobmhts, being jointed, and having each intern, dium covered

C « with

i

166 The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica.

with a dry purplifh membrane , coming from the' under Joint, and on
irs top a four Inches long Spike of Flowers, exa&ly like the former, only
larger.-

It grew with the other on the North fide of Mount Diablo.

"■ The juicy Skin (fains the Skin of a brown colour, as Black-Cherries, or
Violets, and therefore is us’d for Ink. Marcgr .

■ The Leaves, Stalk, and unripe Fruit, if rub’d, fmell pleafantly, like
Ginger, and therefore fupply the want of Spices. Hot Baths are likewife
made of them Pifo

Cohn, in his difeovery of Hifpanicla, mentions Gengevo to groW fponte, by
which, I fuppofe, he meant this or the precedent.

XXXVII!. Cardamomum minus pfeudo-afphodeli foliis. Cat . f. 61. Tab* 103.

% 3- ■ ; ;

The Leaves of this had more than an Inch long Foot-Stalks, were four

Inches long, and more than one broad, in the middle where broadeft, and
whence they decreafed to both extremes, ending in a point. They were
even on the edges, thin, and like the others of this Kind. The Stalk was
naked of thefe Leaves, having now and then fome (mailer, without any Foot-
Stalks inciofmg the Stalk, one of which was under every Flower, as in the
Or chides. The Spike its felf was large, about three Inches long, thick fet
with Flowers, the under part of which (welled out into a trigonous, oblong
Head, in which, in feveral Cells, lay much very fmall downy Seeds, as in
others of this Kind. The Stalk of this was not over feven Inches high, but
I' do not remember whether it was perfect.

Iliad it about Guanaboa.:

* ' 1 CJ " 1 ' f'7*. »\ Nr i / . t ' r

XXXIX. Aron maximum /Egyptiacum quod vulgo Colocafa. C. B. Cat. p. 61'.
Anm AEgyptiacum forigerum & fr upturn ferens, radice magna orbiculari. Pluken.
Almag. p. 51. Tames in St- Helena of Dumpier, cap. nit. Tayas.

Thefe grow very commonly by the Rivulets, which come down from the
Mountains, running the year long, and are planted likewife by fome of
the Inhabitants for Provifion in their Plantations.

They have a Flower and Fruit, juft like the Arums , which (lands on a
peculiar Foot-Stalk.

The Leaves are ufed to carry frefh Fruit, Cheefe, &c. in Madera.

-Csfulpinus (ays that it grows in Sicily, and that the Root is eaten, and
the Leaves, boiled in Vinegar.

The Roots are ufed in Jamaica, being boiled as Tams. They have a biting,
taft in the Throat, if not very well prepar’d, and therefore not very much
coveted, but qnly in fcarce times.

Alpinus (ays he never could fee it Flower, but Ihave feen it feveral times
in Perfection, and therefore he very undefervediy blames Diofcorides. It is
ehtenby thofe indulging Venery very much, both raw and boiled, being
thought helpful thereto. ’Tis common in the Markets, and cheap. Alpinus
Vejlingius deferibes and figures it. flowering.

ft is thought by Alpinus to be the Fab a, Egypt id, Colocafjia & arum
gyptium, of the Ancients. Theophraflus fays, both Leaves and Roots of
Arum are eaten, M 7. cap. 11, iz. But the common Arum is (harp and
opening, this Adftringent : Cefalpinus’s (potted. Alp .

; Beilonius found it wild by the Rivulets of Crete in great plenty.

This was fent from Egypt to Rome, there to be fold, whence Martial,

Niliacum ridebis olus , lamfyue fequaces. Bod. a Stapel.

The

The Natur at Hiftory of Jamaica. 1 67

The 'eomiBo n Arum Leaves and Roots, and Dracontium Roots were in
ancient times boiled and eaten, as may appear from Diofcorides and Galen.

on 3nd gooda£airift Fluxes* It makes the People feeding

Pliny fays Aron is efculent. Cafalp.

’Twas brought into Portugal from Africa, where the Slaves love it verv
much. In Egypt, they feed on it as we on Turnips, putting a little of the

Uuf. int° t lC RlVCr flde* He favv ic grow about Tripoli and Halepo.

The Hippopotamus lives on its Roots in Egypt, where it grows wild and

an AT1' l and Af6 Pngf°m of Naples' h 1S eacen and Praifbd by the Slaves
and T rrh at Naples. It is not the Faha Mgyptia. Col.

It is pernicious in the Root, and therefore mull be three or four dav<s
macerated in water, being flic’d to walh off its Mucilage, which is dele¬
terious, then the Roots are prefs’d, dry’d in the Sun, and made into Flower
afterwards made into Cakes. The Javans of Mataras were killed bv it
eating of it many Weeks, Befieging the Dutch, and wanting Rice. It kills
by^bnngmg the Dyfentery. The firft Decodion is to be thrown away

XLI Arum minus , nymphe* foliis efculentum. Cat. p. 6z. Tab. 106. Ft*. 1
houx Caratbes. De Bouton, p. 47. Sonz.es de Flacourt, p. 1 1 7, Effect de Chou
*eRiet: Rf Stilus Brafilienfis tuberofus, feu Battuta Tajaoba Braftli-

enfihss. Marcrr. Pif Rati hi (l. p 1334. Campanula tuber ofa India convolvuli
tordam folns dmfi or thus radtce efculent a. Pluken. Aim. p. 78. An Arum minus
Bengalenfe colccafia folns Ejufdem. Alm.p. 5,? An Arum Zeylanicum minus
cotocajta facie pedipuhs puntc ant thus, & viridantibus. Berm. par. Bat. pr. p. 21 a >
Farad, p. -77? Cdocajta Brajiliana laclefcens latifolia caule fufco. Tajaoba. P/f
& Mangy. Ejufd. par. Bat. p 85. An Arum humile Ceylanhum latifolium pi-
pllococcmo. Comm. hort. part. I. p. 97. Indian Cail, or Taj as the lefler.

This has a fmal tuberous Root, bigger than a Walnut, and feverai
Leaves rifmg from the fame Root, about a Foot high from the Ground the
Foot-Stalks f upporc a L eaf very like thofe of Qotocafiu, only fmaller, beine of
a yellowihi green colour, and very like in Figure, Colour, Ribs, &c to the
Leaves of the white water Lilly. The Flower and Fruit fland on peculiar
Foot-Stalks, like thoie of the other Arums. ”

They are planted liere very carefully, in mod Plantations.

The Roots are eaten as Batatas, but their chief afe is for the Leaves

which arc boil d, and with Butter eat, as Coleworts, and to the tail: are
extremely pleafing.

They Icofen the Belly. Pifo. His Figure is good.

Thefe of Madagofcar eat this Root, in want of Tams or Rice as we the
Leaves in Pottage. Cauche. ‘ ' - wct4e

- ' ■■■ d' • -■ '\i - d

XLI Arum minus efculentum, fmtttrU foliis viridi-nigricantihus. Catp6: '

iT TJfumAfyp rud& rotunda. Hem. par.
pfFTh , ^fBraflfuiutnSrfsen, ImsfiUn, Caule viridi. Mangare Peuna.

Ftj. Ejufd. par. Bate p. 87. 6 r

TW-io eva* J^-is »>e *8 preceding, only the Leaves are larger, nar-
4nd noc fo round oeing liker to our common Arum: (mooch, of a
wS rounfr^T' ’ and f°mev,tat corrugated on jts furface, with a

It is planted as the former, and ferves for the fame purpofes.

Pifo

1 6 8 The Natural Hifory of Jamaica.

Fifo in the firft Edition fays chefe Leaves are not eatable, but in the fccond

tH: Thlf Roots are boil’d, and tall musk’d or fweet. Mmgr.

Tifos Figure is not good.

XLIl Arum [axutik majus, filth rotmditrihus, frutlu purpuric. Cut p. 6j.
AnArlm American*, fell ampliftm, fine & jruBurubro. Plum. Tcurmf.
htfi.p. 159? nil An Arum Amcrictnum, acims ametbj/ltms, parvo fieri. Ejnfd.

,k Three° or four Leaves fpring from the fame Root, Handing on Foot long

Foot-Stalks, being like the Leaves of Cuckow ^

rounder ear’d, being two Foot long or from “

rounded point oppoiite to it, and one Foot broad, ft ?“ Lre “ Ribs run"

the otlier, fomething of the iliapc of a Hearr> xhe Flower

nine from the Footstalks end, as from a common Centen llie rjower

and Fruit, comes in every thing, after the fame manner as in the ordinary

Arum only the Acini , or Berries, are plac d in a very comely order, on a Foot

jong Peftle! being larger below than at top, and are of abrowmlh or purple

C°l°tUgrows on the Rocks in the fliady Woods, on the red Hills near Qu<r
naboa, and near Hope River, in the Mountains of Lt&ance.

XL1I1. Arum cattle geniculate, earns. Indict joins, fumms Lins deguftantes
mites reddens. Cat p. 63. ^

Occident . p. in . C. B. pin. f. 184. Pluttn*. Almag. f. 7 9- The Dumb

C3This rifes to be about five Foot high, by a jointed, very green, fucculenr,
folid Stalk, as big as ones Thumb, without any Leaves till towards t re
top, where come feveral, {landing on large Foot-Stalks They are rou^ ^
the Bafe, and from thence dccrcafeto the point, being fomething hke thofe
of the Canna Indies, only much thicker, and of a darker green colour. 4-
jnongr thefe Leaves come out the Flowers, at the top ol the Stalk, and
after them the Fruit, being in every thing like thofe of the ocher Arams.
They grow in all moift low Lands and bottoms oi this Man .
if ode cue this Cane with a Knife, and put the tip of the Tongue to it,

it makes a. very painful Seufation, and occasions fuch ,a
on the falivary Dudts, that they prefently fwell, lo that the perlon cannot
fDeak and do nothing for iome time but void Spittle m a great degree, or
Salivate, which in feme time goes off, in this doing in a greater degree, vvl«
European Arum does in a lefler, and from this its quality, and being jointed.

thpi1ces’of this" Sur are^ut, and put into Baths and Fomentations for

hSKSSfdfl looking like thofe' of

STs eM by Indians for want of better Meat. The Root is of more force
than the Fruit or Leaves ; bef.des, the firft qualities being of very final parts,
and opening Obftrudions, Fomentations are made of them agamft Inflam¬
mations and Obftrudions of Hypochondres and Rems ; and the Oil is good
againft thofe Evils, and fupplics that of Capers, and Lilies. The Roots
fliced and boiled in Wine, made into Baths, and ufed to the Feet, it is of
great ufe againft old and late Gouts. Pifo.

.adloqiuc c . fisrbioV- ' • 1 ■ ’•

XLIV. A/tm

The Natural Hi ft or y ^Jamaica.

XL1V. Arum maximum altifftmas feandens trims , Mis amah* IMnl.,;,

fnA Vine with. Leaf piny broad and ’ronniflTand cf S

it DrUUmuluS Am~ t°‘>“

This has a green jointed Stalk, which has Clavicles, exadly like the
Arum maximum rnfohatum alt, f, mas feandens adores, fr. by which it fifeks to
the Truncs of Trees, and comes to be twenty or thirty Foot high at its
top having feveral Leaves like thofe of Nymplaa when young, buffo™ ed
and Canted about the edges when old, by which it may be fufficiendv di
ftinguilhd from others of this Kind. At the too of the SraliT * d
Flowers and a Fruit afterwards, like ttofiofVott Th™

come out from amongft the Leaves. ne e

It is Very ordinary in the larger Woods of the C tribes, as well as la
matca. 3 J“"

If this be the fame that Captain Damper means, he tells us, that the Leaves
pounded final I and boiled with Hogs" Lard, make an excdlent Salve for
o d Ulcers in Legs, and that one of his Men came to the knowledge of it
by an Indian of the Ifthmus of Darien. g

XL V. Arum maximum feandens geniculatum (frtrifoliatum folds, ad bain au-

riculatis. Cat. p. 63. An Hhcafne Mizmaitl. Hernandez > Sen draLtmm
Mexicamtm arcmaUcum. Herm. par ad. Cat. p. 9z> Dracmculus Americana s
[can dens tnphyllus & aunt us. Tournef. In ft. p. 161 ’

■ T1"sP,la,f1'as a found Stalk of half an inch Diameter, green, very thick
jointed, full of a fpongy Medulla and milky Juice. From each Jomr of fo
go out five or fix Clavicles by them, it takes hold, and ft.cks very Aft
and faftto any Tree it comes near, and rifes very often to twenty or thirty
Foot high, being naked of Leaves, till near the top, where are a mrlr
many round it. The Foot-Stalks of the Leaves encompafs the Stalk learn "
a mark when they drop off making the Joint, Each of them is two IW
long, round green, half an Inch thick, full of a fpongy Matter, and haring
two foltofe fimhnt one on each fide, green and thin, running half of thf
length of the Foot-Stalk The Leaf its feif is very deeply divided into
feven pares or rather three Leaves with Auricles, the uppermoff or "hat
Leaf or Se&ion in the middle, being the iongeft and largeft, viz. a Foo-
long, and half as broad, having one middle Rib, and fome tranfverfe ones
being of a very dark green colour, fmooth, and finuared as the Leaves of

Ti rJ e.tW° °dlter LeaVeSor Se6tions ad bAfin> tidier than the other
and befides have a large Appendix or Ear, at their outfide Bafe £

makes up the five Leaves or Sections, and this Appendix or Ear has’ another

like it felf, only lelTer, making up the feven Leaves or Sedions Ex alls

«tTsheath Horf C°me fuflainmg withi“ a whi“= nionopc-

Sing iSt of the ArZT * whta Peftk' 111 A

Every part of this Plant is milky.

,JtA°WS(0ni eafh fide °f tI,e Ri° Ccirc’ below and above the Town, on
lflanddeS °f "he arger TrCeS’ and “ the Woods in nioft parts of this

Tlwfio ArUm ^xali[el nP;"s’ genicuiatum & trifoliatum. Cat. p. 36.

This is in every thing like that above deferibed, only lefler, and the

anonfe WlxLUtmarS’ and ,eacb of the three Leaves or Seif ions equal to one

another. The Flowers and Fruit are likewife the fame.

X x

k

170 The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

It grows running along the Rocks, in lhady Woods, in fixteen Mile
Walk, and elfe where.

XLVU. Colocafia hederacea flerilis minor folio cordato. Plumier. Cat. p. 63.
Arum Americanum fcandens foliis cordiformibus. Tournef. Infi. p. 1 59.

This has a green, juicy, jointed Stem, of about the bignefs of a Goofe-
Quill, being round and fmooth, climbing by means of its large Clavicles
it has at joints to about thirty or forty Foot high, and hanging down again
to the ground. At every three or four Inches, it puts out Leaves Handing
on two Inches long, green Foot-Stalks, the Leaf it lelf being cordated, or
of the fhape of a Heart, three Inches long, and two broad at the round
Bafe, where broadeft, and whence it decreafes, ending in a point, being
fmooth, or equal on the edges, very juicy, green, and having feveral Stria ,
or fmall fuperficial Veins appearing on it, being lucid and fhining, and very
pleafant to look on What Fruit or Flower it bears I know not, never
having feen them, though I have frequently obferved it, both in Jamaica ,
and the Caribes , but believe with F. Plumier it is a Colocafia , and therefore
have placed it here.

It grows in the woody lhady places of Jamaica , and the Caribes.

Chap; VII.

Of Ferticillated Plants]

' ""^Hereare very few vertici Hated Plants wild in the Ifland of Jamai-
gf ca, at leaft I met with very few of that Tribe there, as will ap-

m pear to any one who perufes the following Obfervations, and yet

IS there are (I think) more of the European P^erticillata, that there
grow, and thrive well by Culture, than of any Tribe whatever ;
for there is Rofemary, Lavender, Marjoram, Pennyroyal, Thyme, Sage, Sa¬
voury, drc. in great plenty, whereas many other Kinds of as ufeful Plants
are very hardly raifed, or brought to perfection.

I. Pulegium fruticofum ereflum verticillis denfiffimis. Cat. p. 6 a.

This has a four Inch long, reddifh Root, with fome lateral fibers, from
which arifes a fquare, woody, brown Stalk, three or four Foot high,
branch'd towards the top, and thick fet at the Joints, which are an Inch
afunder, with long undivided leaves, an Inch long, and not over the eighth
part of an Inch broad in the middle, like thofe of Hyfop, of a yellowilh
green colour, fmooth, and having a fmell like thofe of St. Johns Wort.
The Flowers are many, fet round the Joints in a large, round knob, are not
galeated, but only have Lips divided into four parts, white, and fet very
clofe together, making a very large, round knob, and in the Calyx of the
Flower follows brown, lmall, oblong Seeds, each of which has a fmall Fur¬
row, or Canalure on one fide, and is round on the other, in that refembling
the ordinary Wheat.

It grows very plentifully in the Town Savannas , and Flowers the whole
year round.

IT. Men-

-at. p. 6jJ. lab. 102.
[(fa City at a Brajiltenjis .
ykenet. Aim. p . 2,47.

w _ u - foliis rraVeo lent ibus

Herm. far Bat. fr. Phhnet. Alm.f. 248 i PkjHgr. Tab. 3o«. Fig. 6 b Indian
Spikenard.

This near the Root has a red, round, rough Stem, which rifes nine or ten
Foot high, having towards the top a fquare Stalk, and oppofite Branches.
The Leaves ftand on an Inch long Foot-Stalks, are more than two Inches long
about one Inch broad in the middle, where broaded, are finuated, or deeply
jagged on the edges, hoary, and of a pretty dark green colour. The Flowers
are (landing round the Stalk V ? rticillatim , blue, fmall, tetrapetalous, in a
quarter of an Inch long (Iriated, furrowed, or cannulated Calyces, the top of
which has five Hairs or Prickles. Each of thefe Calyces contains two black,
almoft round, flat Seeds, having a protuberance in their middle.

The whole Plant fmells very ftrong, plcafantly, and like Spikenard, or
iomewhat like a Citron, whence the name given it by the Portuguefes.

It grew on the fandy Sea Banks near old Harbour, in the Low Lands or
Savannas near^the Town, and in feveral places of this Ifiand.

It is edeem’d a very great Alexipharmae, and is much ufed in outward
fomentations.

j-ompjIIS ^ C^'.S *n P^ace Balm, either in outward Fomentations, or as its
diihli d water in the Collick, or other flatulent Diftempers, as well as in Cor¬
dial Potions.

III. Verbena folio film undo ferrato fore cceruleo . Cat. p. 64 Tab 107?
Fig. r. Vervain ^ * /a

This Plant has a long Root, very (Irongly fix’d into the Earth by feveral
lateral fibers, drawing its Nourifhment, and fending up feveral two or three
boot long, jointed four-fquare Stalks. The Leaves (land at the Joints op¬
pofite to one another on ihort Foot-Stalks, are two Inches long, one broad
having many Ribs, the principal whereof are purple. They are deeply fer-
rated, very fmooth, and green, having (mailer ones coming out ex eonrnah.
The Flowers (land on the Branches ends Spike falhion. The Spike is long*
the Flowers are thick (et round it, without any Leaves between, are mono-
petalous, with the 0r& divided into five parts, of a deep blue colour, one
two, three, four, or five Flowers, opening at a time, fucceflively one
after another from the bottom upwards. After each of tfefe follows in a
greemfh brown Calyx or Husk one Seed or rather Husk, fomething like to

jhatr? , . eat in ^ape and colour> only in every thing (mailer, being eafily
divmble into two, both being clofe covered with the fame Membrane. The
Seeds being in a Cavity on the fide of the Spike, and are covered with three
(harp, brownifh, membranous Leaves.

This grows in claiy grounds, in the Savannas, in the Road going to Gua-
naboa, on the Red Hills, and in many other places in all the Car ties but
mod plentifully near Bridgetown in Barbados.

It is very much us d in Clyfters for the Belly-ach ; and by (bme in Poul-
tefles, with Onions, for the Dropfie.

This and Lime-Roots boiled together, the Decodion is faid here to cure the
Dropfie, or a Decodion of this after the manner of Tea, is of its felf

counted a powerful Sudorifick, lying warm after it. It is to be drank very
warm. J

It is very much in repute among the Indian and Negro Dodor* for the

Cure of mod Difeafcs.

If

172.

The Natural Hi/lory of Jamaica.

If this be Monardes his Verbena of ¥eru, as by the Vermes, it may, t,s
tlioupht by him and he tells feveral Stories, whereby he would make it ap¬
peal be one of the belt Medicines agamlt Worms, if the depurated Ju.ce,

Witi isTd in U leers, beaten Said as a Poultefs. A fpoonful of the juice
is given tothofe who have theCollick, Dyfentery, Cholera Morbus , or any
Bowel Difeafe. It is good againft Charms. Bom.

IV. Verbena minima Chamadrf os folio. Cat f. 64. Tab. 1 07. Fig. a.

This Plant has a great many blackilh fibrils coming from each fide, of a
long reddifli brown, deep Root. Ac its appearance out of the Earth it
lends out on every hand levetal fmall, fquare, trailing, jointed Stalks, two
Foot long, at the Joints finking feme fibrous Roots into the Earth. At
every two Inches diftance are fwelled, redd.ih Joints, where come he
Leaves fet oppofite one co the other, on a quarter of an Inch Foot-Stalks.
They are three quarters of an Inch long, and halt an Inch broad, hairy, fn.pt
about the edges and like thofe of the C bamadps Spur, a. At the ends of
the Branches come the Inch and an half long Spikes of fmall blue headed
. F lowers each of which fiands in a rough Calyx, and after them fucceed fe¬
veral round i(h Seeds, having Afpcrities and Deptellions in them, and being

°f It gfew^neanhe Banks of the RicCobre, below the Town of of St. Jagc
dc la Vega, on the fame fide of the River ,

V. Verbena aut [corodom# affinis anomala, flore albldo, calyce afperc, alliiodore.

^istlanthas av"‘ry firong Root, deeply faftned in the ^ Earth, of a
brownifli white colour, from whence fpnngs a very flrong Stalk jointed
two Foot hi eh, at whofe Joints are Leaves an Inch and an half long, and

half as broad in the middle, where broadeft, fmooth, and having many
• ; fiirfarc The tops of the Branches are, for a toot

^TngZ wXlt any Leaves, fet clofe on every fide with white Tettape-
taious Flowers, in a very rough Calix, flicking clofe to the Stalk, without
any Foot-Stalks, after which follow, mcloled in a very rough Seed-Veiiel,

^Au'the" parts of this Plant have a very ftrong unfavouty fmell, like to

Wild-Garlick. , , a

It grows in (hady Woods, in the Savannas, every where.

The Roots of this Plant going very deep ...to the Earth, afford t Noutilh-
ment when other Herbs and Grafs are burnt up, and when Cattl- can find
no other Food, they feed on this. Hence Cows Milk in dry Seafons m the

Savannas, tail fo ftrong of it as not to b« faTOUry’ ^Kid^ies aftefa verv

^ l^mlnnet38 ^

SS the Market take them off fuch Paftures, and feed them with
other fort of Food, and in about a Weeks time they are fitted for the
Ptnrrlipr their Flcfh havins no taft of this remaining.

This taft in Milkot Flefli, is faid commonly, and believed to be from the
Calabalh-Tree, on whofe Fruit and Boughs Cattle hkewife then feed, ut t s

nerfe&lv the taft of this Plant, and not of the other.

A piece of this Root being put into a hollow Tooth, Cures the aching

thereof.

VI. Oct-

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

*73

VI. Ocitnum rubrum medium. Cat. p. 6 f.

The Plant growing here, agrees exadly to the Defcription of Ocimum In-
dicum, Cluf. only it has neither fpottcd, nor (errated Leaves, and is not
above half a Foot high, which perhaps may come from the variety of
Soils, that delcribed by Clufius, being the Plant raifed from Seed fent from
the Indies.

It grows every where in the moift places of the Low Lands, or Sa¬
vannas.

It is reckoned a great Cordial, and therefore Diftill’d, and us'd feveral
other ways, efpecially by the Spaniards.

VII. Hormino affinis, folds anguftis, glabris. Cat.p. 6§. Tab. 101. Fig. 3.

This had a iquare Stalk, hollow, with lome Branches, Handing oppofite

to one another, on which, at naif an inches diflance, were placed the Leaves
oppofite to one another likewife, being an Inch long, and about a quarter of
an Inch broad, {lightly indented about the edges. The Flowers came ciofe
together at top in a Spike, being large, and Handing on one third part
of an Inches Foot-Stalk.

I found it in the North parts of this Jfland, whence I brought it to the
South, and defcribed it fome days after, from whence comes the Ihortnefs
of my Defcription, and imperfections of my Obfervations about it.

The indentures of the Leaves, Flowers fet ciofe at top, &c. diflinguilh
this fufficiently from Hormino accedens angujlijjimo folio Maderafpatenjis, Pluken;
Phyt, Tab. 194. Fig. 7. * , ‘ ’

VIII. Nepeta maxima, fore albo, fpica habitiori. Cat. p. 6$. fall 08. Fig A'

This rifes to feven Foot high, though fometimes, in a different Soilf it

may not come to half that heighth, having a fquare, brown Stalk. Towards
the top are many Branches oppofite to one another. The Leaves come out at
uncertain diHances, likewife oppofite to one another. Handing on an half Inch
long, green, hoary Foot-Stalk, (in which they differ from the Mentha Cat aria
augujlifolia major. C. B. pin ) They are two Inches long, and three quarters
broad at near the Bale, where broadefl, whence they decreafe, ending in a'
round, blunt point. They are hoary, fnipt, or indented about the edges,
of a whitiHi green colour. Ex alis foliar um come fmall Stalks , having
fometimes Leaves, and fometimes none, but many white labiated Flowers,
fet ciofe together round it. Spike faftiion. All the parts of this Plant fmeli
very ftrong, like Cat-Mint.

It grows in the Ditches about the Town of St. jfago de la Vega.

IX. Prunella elatior fore albo. Cat.p. 6$. Tab. 109. Fig. 1.

This had feveral (mall, brown, two or three Inches Idng, fibrous Roots>
The Stalk was quadrangular, jointed, green, two or three Foot high, being
a little protuberant at each Joint, having towards the top Leaves and
Branches, Handing oppofite to one another. The Leaves Hood on very
fhort Foot-Stalks, were an Inch and an half long, and three quarters of an
Inch broad, of a pale green colour, with fome Hair on them, being very
like thole of Prunella. Ger. The tops were ihort Spikes of white, and
tubulous Powers, like thole of this Kind, and after them follow’d among
the Leaves, Capful/s which were firfl green, and then whitiffi, containing fe¬
veral thin, round, membranaceous, black Seeds with a white Margin, lying
on one another.

It grew on a rocky Hill, juH over Colonel Bourdens Houfe beyond Gua-
naboa.

1 74 The Natural Hijlory of Jamaica.

X. Prunella flore dilate cgeruleo pentapetaloideo. Cat. p.

This is another fort of Prunella, which is in every thing the fame with
the former, only not fo high. The Leaves are greener, the Flowers of a pale
blue colour, monopetalous, the Ora being deeply divided into five Se&ions,
or Petala,

It grows in mod Woods of the Ifland.

. 1 ' \ • * ..

r r

XI. Sideritis [pi cat a ferophdaria folio, flore alho, fpicis brevibus habit iori-
bus rotundis , pediculis infidenttbus. Cat. p. 6$. Tab. 109. Fig. z. Wild-Hops.

This hasfeveral fmall, white Roots, which, united, fend up a four fquare,
purplilh Stalk, rifing three Foot, having at every two Inches didance Leaves
oppofite to one another, exactly like thofe of Scrophularia in bignefs, &c.
Near the top, ex alis foliorum, goes out an Inch long Foot-Stalk, fudaining
a Spherical Head, about the bignefs of a Hafel-Nut, made up of a great
many galeated white Flowers Handing clofe together, as in the Trifolium
pratenfe purpureum. After this follow many fmall, black, Alining Seeds, like
to the fmalled Gun-powder, contained in a hollow, long, brown Calyx ,
having five prickly Apices on its top. The whole Plant, when in date with
its Heads, relembles very much a Branch of Hops, whence the name.

It grows on the Road to Gttanaboa by a Gully near the Red Hills, near the
Church in Gttanaboa, and in feveral other places of this Idand.

This Plant is fomewhat anomalous, but this is the bed place I could find
for it.

XII. Lyfimachia coerulea galericulata, folits anguflis , longis, ferratis, feetidis .
Cat . p. 66.

A great many two Inch long white Roots, take very firm hold of the
Earth, and raife an hexangular Stalk to one Foot and an half high, having
here and there Joints and Branches. The Leaves dand three together, at a
Joint, are long, narrow, jagg’d on the edges, covered with a white Wood, or
Down, and ending in a point from a broader beginning. The Flowers
come out ex alis foliorum, are blue, fmall, like the other Lyfimachia galericu -
lata, havifig one Se&ion turn’d up, and three hanging down, to which fol¬
low a grdat number of fmall, brown, red Seeds.

The whole Plant fmells very drong.

It grows in claiy low places of the Smanna , near the Town of St. Jago
de U Vega, and other places where water has dood in rainy Seafpns.

The Leaves of this befog ferrated, it cannot be the Scutellaria Virginian!
hyffopi anguflis folits, flore cceruleo. Tlukenet. Aim, p. 338.

¥ w- .. v * » ■ « t . y. - - / ■*

XIII. Scorodonia floribus fpicatis purpurafeentibus pentapetaloideis, flmine unico,

majeri, echinato. Cat. f. 66. Tab. 1 ro. Fig. 1

This has a great many four fquare, hollow Stalks, fometimes green, and
fometimes purple, having here and there about an Inch didant from one ano¬
ther, at Joints, Leaves danding on an half Inch long Foot-Stalks, oppofite to
one another, being about an Inch long, and half as broad at Bafe, purple
on the upper fide, green underneath, rough and indented about the edges.
The top is three or four Inches long, having on it a great many pale purple
Flowers, danding in a green woolly Calyx, the Qu of each being divided
into five Sedions, after which follow fo many rough, round Capfula’s, brown,,
and inclofing an echinatcd, round, brown, large Seed.

It grows on the rocky, barren, clear’d Wood Lands, about Guanaloa.

The juice is counted a good vulnerary, healing green Wounds, after
application giving fome fmarting pains.

XIV. Scot’

XI V. Scordium maritimum, fruticofum, procumbent, Fore cceruho. Cat . />. 66.
Tab. no. Fig. z. r

This Plant has fmali fibers going from the Stalks into the Sand, fupplying
the place of Roots. The Stalk is rough, four fquare, three orTour Foot long,
lying on the top of the Earth, at every half Inch’s difiance fending out Leaves,
two oppofite to one another, and fometimes Branches after the manner
of other four-fquare {talk’d Plants. They are oblong, almoft triangular
the Bafe flicking to the Stalk without any Foot Stalk, from whence it
decreafes to the point, being indented or fnipt about the edges, hoary of a
rank fmeil, and fomewhat clammy. The Flowers come out c* alts foliorum ,
are blue, (mall, and terrapetalous, with Stamina in the middle. After thefe
fucceed a great number of fmali, black, cornered Seeds, not difcernible
to the Eye, flicking to a middle Pillar, covered with long Skins or mem¬
branes, lying under each Leaf.

It grew among the loofe Sand juft by the Town of Old Harbour.

HAP.

VIII:

•f • x ■ * ...

Of Herbs that are leguminous, or have a papilionaceous Flower .

110 [)J

! rrv

(HIS Tribe of Plants is very * numerous in Jamaica, and of
great ufe to the Inhabitants, who feed much on the Kinds of
Beans, Peafe, or ThafeoU hereafter mentioned.

They are to be divided into two Kinds, fitch as live feverait
years, which I call Vennncs , and thofe Which are Town every
Seafbn after Rain, rife and grow to their due maturity in very few months,
if not weeks. ’Tis on thefe, many of which are Rem, or grow ereift with¬
out climbing, thatj the Slaves are fed. v/i

There are not wanting of this Kind fuch as are very 1arge> beautiful
Jatftefcent, &c. and other Kinds very differing front thofe of Europe.

There is ufe made not only of the Seeds, but alfo of the Leaves and
Stalks of thefe Kind of Phafeoli for Provender for Cattle.

I. P hafeclus maximus perennis, femine compreffo, lata, nigris maculis notate
Cat.p. 66. Tab. m. Fig, r. Autre forte des feme 's de Met. p. Phafeolus
Rarbadenjis fruticofus feptennii durations. Plukenet. Almag. p. 29 1. An pois
gros & plats blancs de Bouton, p. yi ? The great Bean.

This has a Stalk at coming out of the Earth as big as ones little Finger,
angular, covered with a grayifh Bark, turning and winding its feif about
any Perch, and rifing to about feven or eight Foot high, then falling,
the Branches inviegle one another. At about two Inches diftance, they
fend out Leaves, three always ftaridihg together on rite fame common.
Inch long Foot-Stalk, each -of them being almeft ir&tind, of near an Inch
Diameter, ftanding On Very fhorc Foot-Stalks; that in the middle, or op¬
pofite to the Foot-Stalk, having a Petielus half ah Inch longer than the
others at Bafe. The Flowers ftand fevera! together, on ah 'eighth part of
an Inch long Foot-Stalk, being fmali papylionacecais, having a contorted
Stylus, and fome Leaves or Pet ala, of a white and purplffit colour, with
feme green After thefe follows a Pod at firft green, then of a Clay or
A fli colour without, and white within » crooked, more than two Inches

long,

7 6 The Natural Hi (i of y of Jamaica.

long and an Inch broad in the middle, where broadeft containing one or
more flat, or compris'd, broad Seeds or Beans at firft purple with black
foots, then of the flgure of a Kidney. They are black in the Circumference,
and white towards the Center or HOm, where they adhered to the Pod,
and one Inch long, and three quarters broad in the middle where nar-

r° They are planted in mod Gardens , and Provifion Plantations, where
they lad for many years, bringing every Seafon a great many Beans.

They are eaten when green, and are fit for the Table in December. They
are very good, as any of the tegumina, efpecially when the outward -Skin

13 They muft have Poles or Perches to climb up, and fuftain themfelves by,
they being otherwife too weak in their Stalks to fupport themfelves, or bring

Fruit.

It was firft brought from Africa. U B.

II Phafeolus perennis angufiifotius fiore luteo, femine late , compreffo, minors,
rulro, matulis nigris noUto. Cat. f. 67. Tab. lit. Fig. z. An foil grey &
flats rouges de Bouton. f;i ? Phafeolus Amor to anus hngtfftmu & angufhs foists.
Phienet. Almug.f.zyi ! The fanall red fpotted Bean.

This Phafeolus hasfeveral angular green Stalks, by which it mounts about
any Perches, or runs along the Hedges, at every three Inches diftance put¬
ting forth Leaves and Flowers, the firft Hand on two Inch lone Foot-Stalks,
always three together. They are an Inch an half long, and three quarters
of ail Inch broad at their round Bafe, where broadeft, from thence de-
creating, and ending in a Point, the odd one being three quarters of an
Inch beyond thofe at Bafe. Ex alls foliorum, comes an Inch long Spike of
Flowers, fet round after one another. They are very fmall, papyhonaceous
and yellow. After them follow Pods an Inch and an half long, almoft
ftraieht, with a fharp end, brown on the outfide, white within, and con¬
taining two, or more red, flat Peafe or Beans, fomething of the fhape of
a Kidney, fcarlet coloured, with black Specks here and there on their

Corfiicc*

They are planted as other of the Perennial Phafeoli, and give Fruit every
year about the beginning of February, yielding a very great mcreafe
They are very good to be eaten any way, as any of the other Phajeoh.

III. Phafeolus peregrimu ottavus feu angufHfolius alter , fruttu ex albo & nigrt

varto. C. B. Cat. p. 67. , ' r ! ^

This is likewife planted amongft the other Peaie m Jamaica.

IV Phafeolus major pennnis , floribus fpicatis, filiqua breviori rotundiors , fe-
mine albo fphsrko. Cat. p. 67. Tab. m. Fig 1, 2 Phafeolus tumidtu mi¬
nimus niveus filiquabrevi Virginianus Rail, hifl. p. 885. An phafeolus hortenfis
frnPlo albo , minors, ovlformis, venerens dittus. F/ofm . Cat. Aldt ? Jamaica

Peafe

Thefe are much the fame with the former, only the Leaves are larger,
and more pointed, Handing on longer Foot-Stalks. The Flowers are more
in number, (landing Spike fafhion, with an Eye of yellow in them, and
the Pod is an Inch and an half long, and fcarce half an Inch broad, contain¬
ing three or four white, roundifli Seed faftned by their middle to the Pod.
They are not much bigger than our fmall Field Pea.

They are planted, and continue as the former.

V. Pha*

The Natural Hiftory ^/Jamaica.

177

V. Phafeolus maximus perennis^floribus fpicatis, albis, [peciofis,filiquis brevibuf
hits femen album hilo atbtdo fere circumdante. Cat. p.6y. Tab.iir. Fir x - ~
Phafeolus Jamaicenfs & Barbadenfs AEgypiaco . frnilis, femme ex tot 0 eburhei nil
tens. Fluke u. Almtg. p. 291. Bonavjft of Ligon. p. zz.

This Phafeolus has a very ftrong, round Stem at its Root, which fends nnr
a great many round, green ftriated, iong Branches, climbing, and cover¬
ing any Trees, Hedges, or low Houles they come near, fending out here
and there Leaves and Flowers, which have a little knob at their Foot-Sta £
pamng from the mam Stem. The Leaves are always three, fet on a long
Foot-Stalk, large, woolly, and in every thing like the others of this Kind6
The Flowers come out on each fide of a Foot long Spike. They are white
papyhonaceous and make a very comely (how on Hedges or Houfes. After
each of thefe follows a Pod two Inches long, and half an Inch broad, a
little crooked clay coloured, membranaceous, and containing four or five
white, roundifb, comprefs d Peafe, having a long white Hilns or Eye, almoil
Unrounding the whole Bean. , '

They are planted here for Food as well as Ornament. They make a
pretty appearance in Planters Gardens. y

One Root will laft a long time, and yield many Diflies of Peafe, which
When eaten green, are not unpleafant. '

Thefe Beans rolled, as Coffee, and the Powder mixed with Rum-Punch l

as Nutmeg-Powder ufes to be, will intoxicate the Drinkers of it for feme
time.

VI . Thighs maximus fereums flmbus fpicatis atbis fpechfis, fitiquis hreiifi
bus lain (emen ruff urn htlo albtdo fere circumdante. Cat. p. 68. Tab. m Fir a
Lublab jemine fubrubro. Alp. p 74. gejliug. p. 24. Leplap alterumrufum. Cll
rar. pi hi ft. lib. 6. p.zi 7 Phafeolus Mpptmus five lablab fecundum femih

rufo. C.B. pin. p. 341. thafeclus Lab lab fpadiceus hilo longo albo. J B tom z
p. z/i- Red Bom Fiji.

This Phufeelus feems not to differ from one I bad from a Bale of Coffee
came from Arabia or %?f, and therefore I take it to be the fame with the’
LabUb, and am very apt to believe this, with reddifh Beans, and the black
to be only varieties of the fame Plant. Proffer Alpims deferibing this to have
a long Pod gave me a doubt about it, but fince feeing one among Coffee

and the Pod by Chfius to agree with this, I think it the fame with the above
deicribed of the Weft-Indies.

This is much the fame with the foregoing, only fmaller in every part, and
the Beans or Peafeare not white but red. J v

They are fometimes planted, though not fo generally lik’d as the white
Kind, becaufe of their greater flatulency.

The A Egyptians ufe them for Food, and they are not lefs pleafant than
our Beans to the taft. Women ufe their Decodion with Saffron, adexcitan-
dos menfes It is like wife helpful for the Cough, difficulty of breathing, and
to grovoke fupprefs’d Urin. Alp. s

VII. Phafeolus maximus, ftliqub enfformi nervh infignita, & feminealbo, mem-
Iranula mclufto. Cat. p. 68. Tab xi4. Fig. 1, z, 3. Phafeolus Indicus ftliqua
magna f deal a, quaterm in darfo nervis, atm eminentiis plurimis verrucofts (e*
cundum longitudmem infignita, frutfu amplo niveo, hilo croceo. Pluken. Aim.
p. 19 z. Horfe Beans.

This fends out on every fide of its Root, for fonre Feets diftance, fe-

?Ji ’’l and climbing about any thing they come near,

at every Inches diftance fending forth Leaves and Flowers. The Leaves are

£ z always

178* The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

always three together, {landing on the fame two Inches long Foot-Stalk, which
at parting from the Stem, has a fwelling, each Leaf is larger, of a darker
green colour than the other Phafeoli, fmooth, having the Ribs appearing as
thofe of the Trifolium paludofum. The Flowers Hand feveral together on the
fame two Inches longEept-Stalk. They are clofe papylionaceous, and of a bluifh
purple colour, after which follows a Foot and an half long Pod : ftrong, of a
clay colour, a little crooked, or fhap’d like a Scymiter, being an Inch broad,
not altogether comprefs’d, but a little roundifh, having on each Valve, with¬
in an eighth part of an Inch of their back Seam, where they are united, two
fmall ridges or eminences running the whole length of the Pod. The Seeds
are perfectly white, the largefl of this Kind, being of a Kidnies lhape, or
fomething Oval at its narrowed or middle part, having a black hilus or fpeck,
and each Seed is lodged in adiftincft, very thin, white Membrane or Bladder,
and five or fix of thefe are contained in the fame Pod.

I found this Bean firft growing fponre at the upper end of the Town of
St. Jago de U Vega, and afterwards in feveral Planters Gardens.

They are eaten as other Phafeoli by fome, and counted good Food, though
their greatefl ufe is to fatten Hogs.

Nothing but the colour is different in Clufim his Defcription of this Lobe
or Seed, which may be from the age or durtinefs of the Plant.

VIII. Phafeolus maxima* percnnis, folio decompofito, lobo maxima contorto .
Cat. p. 68. Phafeolus utrinfque India arbor cus, alatis foliis, frutfu magno cor -
diformi , lohis longijftmis, nodofis, plerttmque intort is Ptuken. Alm.p.zyq.

This is very well defcribed and figured in the Hortus Malabaricus.

They grow in the inland Woods of this Ifland, creeping up the Trees,
and covering their tops for many Acres, as in the Thickets beyond Mount
Diablo, going to St. Anns, on the Moneque Savanna, and in the Hills between
Guanaboa, and Mountain River Plantations.

The Beans are pick’d up, and the mealy part being taken out at the hilus ,
they are tipt with Silver, and made into Snuff-Boxes.

The Beans Purge and Vomit, and are therefore Merchandife. H. M.

This fort of Bean is one of thofe found thrown up on the Shores in the
North-Weft parts of Scotland, concerning which fee the Phiiofophical Tran-
fadiions. Numb, zzz- p. 398.

IX. Phafeolus Brafilianus fmtefeens, lobis villofis, pungent ibus, maximus. Herm.
Par. Bat.pr. Cat. p. 68* Phafeolus Brafilianus foliis molli lanugine obft is, fruclu
magno. C. B. Muf. Snammard. p. yi. An Lobus Cartilagineus ex infula. S. Man -
ritiis. Cluf Braftl. Befier. fafe ? Horfe- Eye-Bean.

This has round, green Stalks, about the bignefs of a Goofe-Quill, by
which it winds and turns its felf round any Hedge or Tree it comes
near. At about four Inches diflance, it fends out Leaves, Handing on two
Inches long, green Foot-Stalks, three always together. The Foot-Stalk has
a yellowifh, and rough protuberance at coming out of the Stalk, as have
the Leaves at parting from the Foot-Stalks, The Leaves are all equal to
one another, that oppofite to the Foot-Stalk, or in the middle, having a
Petiolus three quarters of an Inch long. Each of the Leaves is three Inches
long, and half as broad, on the upper fur face fmooth and green, on the un¬
der hoary and white, having fome fibers from the Center of the Foot-Sralk,
and others from the middle Rib, running through the Leaf. Ex alis foliornm
hang down the Flowers by three Inch long Foot-Stalks, being eight or nine
together, umbell-fafhion, faflned to the end of the Foot-Stalk by a quarter
of an Inch long Petioli. They confifl firft of a hoary, yellowifh green Cap-
fula, divided into four parts, within which is another yellowifh and fmooth

capfular

The Natural Hijlory of Jamaica.

*79

capfular Leaf. Within thefe is an Inch long tubulous, papylionaceous veWnw
Flower, with Sramiua and a Stylus. AftS thefe foiu^' fcvS pods hrec
Inches long, and half as broad, flat, having both Valves, at the open,™
two waved eminent Lines, and all along their forface the fame lhorter waved
eminences, very thick fet with very iharp and fmall Prickles, both on the
emmences and furrows. They are firft of a green, and then ihen ripe of a
blackilh colour, and contain feveral round Beans, of about an Inch Diame¬
ter, flat, of a light brown colour, with a black ledge or hilus almofl round
them, looking lomething like a Horfes Eye, whence the name.

They are eaten by the C 'antes, and the juice of the Leaves is uled lw
them for Dying Cotton Hamacs, of a black colour. Plum. d b/

l,;»HeyrSreWj°? a,Vme'Hedge’ ?ear Colonel Copes at Cuamha, between
his Houfe, and the Mountains, and going down to the Ferry by the Rivers
fide over againft Atktns s Plantation. 1 1 vers

Snuff-Boxes are made of them. Tertre.

Thefe Beans are very often to be gathered on the Sea Shore, call; upbv

the W aves being dropc into fome Rivers, or the Sea its felf, whence thev
are again thrown up. ' c ine>

They are troublefome to Travellers, Ringing them as they ride. Fifo favs
they raife Putties, and that he was not cured in eight days with Anodines
and Coolers, they having hurt his Face and Hands in travelling.

Tney are thrown by the Currents of the Sea on the North- Weft parts of
Sc°tUnd, concerning which the Philofophical Tranfatftions before mentioned
Clufus law them lent from Barbara u’

Three of thefe Beans eaten caufe death. The vertue of this Plant is in
the Gout. The Leaves keep Women with Child from the Vertigo, for boifd
in Rice-water they dry uperfluous humors. Its Bark, with* d y Gi,,»er
and the Fruit Cannula beaten, and boil’d in the Oii call'd Fofil/de eJZ’o
vBetu, gives an Oil, wmch anointed on the Spinal Marrow, quiets Rheums
and hurtful Catarhs. The Kernel, throwing away the inward Cuticle

b0lldrh ,Mllk and ,fr^’ Butter, is mixt to an Ointments Confidence
againft Pimples coming in Womens pudenda, With the Herb call’d Fdis caTs
boild Hi Rice-wafliings and Butter-milk, iris a good Ointment in the Gout”
and the lame does the Root, with the Root of Carimhola, and Capiram and
the Leaves of Muma in form of Liniment, or if with the Bark of Tamarind
and dry Ginger, it be powdered and put into Whey, and then with the Oil
Befu it be boild and made into a Liniment. H. M.

They are ufed to be made into Buttons for Coats, fometimes tiptwith
Silver, fometimes not tipc. FL wicn

X Phfeolm mmtimui rotundifdius , fore purpureo , filiquA brevi crifiata fe-
rmnejufo firmo. Gat. Fhafeolus Brafi licus de Bry. florikg. The Sea-

This has a deep, white, round Root, fending out on every hand feveral
very long (mall, white Filaments, running through the loofe Tandy Soil
in which they grow to Peek Nourilhment to the Plant. The Stalks are many
Jying on the (urface of the ground for many Yards round, being about the big-
nefs of a Swans-Quill green, and a little cornered, putting forth at every
three or four Inches Leaves alternatively, three always ftanding together
o”?,COriS011TtWO TnC1CS l°\ Foot-Stalk, protuberant at its coming from the

^ , i1, he Lef arG \°nnd> that °PPoflte t0 the Foot-Stalk, or in
he middle, is the largeft, ftanding an Inch beyond the other two at Bafe

It is two Inches long and one and an half broad in the middle where broadeft’
having one middle Rib, and fome tranfverle ones being of a Grafs green co-
colour, and fmooth. The Flowers ftand on an Inch long Foot-Stalk, are

papy*

J

o

Jhe¥atural Hijtory of Jamaica.

— - ' . f „ _,i. nurnie colour The Pod is two Inches long,

papylionaceous, and of a pale purple “ day colour, fwell’d out,

and three quartets of an Inch htoad ftr arght of a £ay ^ ^ ^

or the Peafe appearing m * befcw - it be ope ^ ^ 8 it- The

Ledges, or eminent Line h one on eaci Vi ^ ^ Membrane, of

Peale are about fix in nun , ate Oval, brown, with clay coloured

tassnssffi. * — ** - —

10 n grows on the Cajos near Portal, and in all the Caribes by the fandy

Sf Ka^ichl amapi.

without all peril. ,

This Plant is very well figured by Ferrantis,

XI- Lotus oblongtu aromatics!. Cluf ixot. Cat. "0.

tori Jamaicenjis iJafcen, PlfonC. Aim

InbiUs Jtliquofa Moslem* film Pl^‘”e'!- * " fD JLJ. Uf. y&S.
flilxocbitl. Worm. Muf. . fntfiklis loJi, mofehum him-

UT^t:%ACZy grow?’in3this Ifland about V Alta, and
that before the [Xg of “Z and clearing ground, they were common

in the lhady bottoms of the inland P^ffh's ‘flan£ Ed Wind, and

They move Urin and the Menfes. Comlort the Drain,

Concod crude humors. P if

foffTdt^Che'rJut colourf then they preff it between their Fingers, and
make it flat. The Spaniards Ileek it with -Oil. Damper.

XII. Phafiolus glmrrUdtes, folio alato fifo ccccimo am macula not ato. Cat.

T- 1°-T‘,h.- 11 -'/‘(C t-inds its (elf round any Shrub itcomes near, rifingby
This, by its Stalk w inds its tell round any ^ ^ ^ of a Goofe.

its help feven or ten Foo. hig . having here and there alternatively

Quill round vvoody, ^ f,x Inches long, and at each

Branches and Leaves. Th , f rnciie3 iona befet by equal num-

Inches interval are winged Leave rf

bersof Pinna, oppofite to_on inrh broad of ayellowilh green colour,

an Inch long, and one quarter o a inch broad g end ^

about eight or nine pair, growing on the lame miooi

the Branch Hand the Flowsvery clofe in a ^e -gether^bemg ^
two Inches long. Each of them is pale ^ purple , P J> atbottoIIJj

them follow as many ihort broad ^^Xeor four exadlly round,

forle^Zr l-ij a black fpot on that part where they flick to the

The Natural Hiflory Jjinisic^. j 9

It grows in the Vallies or Low Lands, towards the Sea Pdf
plenty, flowering after the great Rains ,de In Sreat

quoTr!ft.Wh0,e Plant iS fWeetifll t0 Che taft< and therefore call'd wild U-

It is commended for a Remedy againft the BelJvad, if rhr r ,
bod d ,„ Broth, and the Decodtion given to the Sick. ’ e‘V“ be

ufed ^^Piony boots' againdethcahCalliiipns'Cl| “r "T 1 Brace,cts> wcrc

were wore only as aaoSe^ *%

for that purpofe to this day. lame m,nd’ they being us’d

Clufius fays, that they remain fometimes three vears in rim , r

P Tbe I ' iS" r,fC> , W1^ 1,C ^ to tl^rrduefi " ^

the hatb and of worfe Semon8 ^ V® ^ °f 3,1 otller

to the Stomach, begltTins much Wind ^ arc ,v“y troublefome

„,yi l te Brought from Anbis Fdtxwio Egypt, and there Sown sn|

usd more for CJ.ds °rnament than Food. VcUmr mere Sown, and

« =3*:

me 1 eats of thole people a Guinea* Bean of red colour rh^ A.vi j f

«2| *
They are ufed for weights, 7W.V. par. 6. »k
The Leaves with Cd/dw aromaticus , boil’d with Oil hefn P*; „« r a.
Humors. Thett Powder by button, mixt ^h Sugi QaPySafetP

Humour ' PUtSaW3y Pains and Cold, and8difcuirithick anLugh
^They are not eaten , but ufed as Weights in M^fiar and Cbiru.

Thefe Beans are frequently gathered on the Shores of the tut n.

parts and Wands of Scotland, , with other Seeds which are before *
will hereafter be mentioned. b< 2tore» and

Upon being fometimes wetted, tliefe Peafe will turn of a hhrl , i
whence I conjecture the two forts mentioned by Dr. Pluknet in Yu&'m*'
f. *94- and p. i5o. may be the fame. S ^

miei-2teZu!eZs f7i f4,“PlL tv*??- f,lirrnm •&*> /-

This, by its tender Stalks, winds its Keif round anv Plan*-
The Leaves are very thin, of a fteih green cZur Ld Z

f & :e as zr'F-

tsilz VC *5 CSiStCC fi-ss*- « "ft

naceous, very open of a naif* KIn/» • > J? °°c Stalk, are papilio~

which follows a fmail thmf llthefu V- '"ci f?me PurPle Streaks- «fa*
oblong Peafe, (peckled with black foot8’ 'tF’ b a,ckPod> “naming feveraf
Lines on their outfldes P S' The P°ds have tTO eminenc ™fed

There is a variety in the largenefs of this Plant.

A a

Dr, Pluken^t

182 The Ndtuvcil Hijtory of Jsumiicji.

\

Dr. Plukenet in his Mantiffa, p. 84- fays that I, more [elite, confound the
fynonimous names of Plants. I am Pure he has done fo in this. Vtd. Aim.

It grow^ above Mr. Batchelors Houfe among the Honey-Comb-Rocks, and
in Barbados very plentifully.

XIV. Phafeoltts fyheftris minor, ft ore minimo, filiquis longis, ter ctibus, alba.

lanugine hirfutis. Cat.p.yi. . r ,f j

This has feveral hairy fmall Stems, by which it turns it felf round any

thing it comes near, and mounts to four or five Foot high, at every Inch and
and an halfs diftance, putting forth Leaves. They are always three toge¬
ther on an Inch long Foot-Stalk, the odd one being two Inches long, and
three quarters of an Inch in breadth, hairy, of a. yellowilh green colour, and
plac’d one third of an Inch beyond the two Leaves at Bafe, which are every
wav (mailer. . Oppofite to this Leaf comes the Flower, being of a pale
green colour, and lcarce difcernable befides the Hair. After this comes a
(mail Pod, green and hairy, two Inches long, of a dark brown colour, with
a white Wooll on it, containing feveral oblong, round yellowilh leale,
flicking to the Pod by a white Eye in the middle.

They grow very plentifully in the open Grounds on the Hedges in

^Concerning its Vertues. vti. H. M. Part. 8. ?. 68. Where amongft others
’tis faid to be good, being mix’d with Cows-Milk, either outwardly as a
Liniment, or inwardly as a Potion, againft the bitings of Scorpions or Rats,
and againft the fwellings of the Tefies .

XV. Phafeoltts minor ladle fee ns fore purpureo. Cat p. yi. Tab. 1 14. Fig. 4.

This by its round, fmall, woody, Stalks, turns its felf round, and
mounts about any Tree or Shrub it comes near, rifing to fix Foot High. At
every Inch or more, putting forth Leaves, three always together, handing on
an half Inch long Foot-Stalk. That one of the three oppofite to the Foot-
Stalk, or in the middle, being thelargeft, is an Inch long, and three quarters
of an Inch broad in the middle where broadeft, being round lfh or oval, of
a dark green colour, fmooth, hard and nervous. The Flowers come out ex
alls foliorum, being many on the fame very fliort Foot-Stalks, are three quar¬
ters of an Inch long, hollow, papilionaceous, and purple. After them fol¬
low two Inches long, and one fourth part of an Inch broad Pods, round, a
little crooked, and fliarp at the end. At firft they are green, then brown,
and contain feveral brown, fmall Peafe.

All parts of this Plant are milky. run

It grew on the Red Hills, on each fide of the Road, among the Bullies
going to Guanaboa, and other places very plentifully.

XVI. Phafeoltts minimus, feetidus, floribus fpicatis e viridi luteis fmine ma-
culato. Cat.p. 71. tab. ily. Fig. 1. An Phafeoltts Americamus, frit edit mind

mo, variegato. Plum. Tourntf. Jnfl. p. 4 15

This has round, fmall and tender Stalks, rifing by, and twilling its felf
round any thing it comes near, ’till it be fix or feven Foot high, having here
and there along the Stalks, Leaves and Flowers. The Leaves are always
three, of a yellowilh green colour, (landing on the fame common half Inch
lon^ Foot-Stalk, round, and about the bignefs of thofe of the Trifolium
pratenfe album. Its Flowers are many, (landing on an half Inch long Foot-
Stalk, Spike falhion, are very fmall, fear ce opening themfelves, papiliona¬
ceous and of a greenilh yellow colour. After thefefollow as n an} quarter
' of

The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica. 183

of an Inch long, black, rough Pods, containing one or more, final!, oblong
blackilh, green, fpeckled Peafe.

1 he whole Plant has an unfavoury rank fmell.

It grows in rocky places, where the Woods are clear’d, near Mr. Batchelors
Houle, and in leveral landy places of the Town Savanna.

XVII. Phafeolus ere cl us lathyroides, fiore amplo, coccineo. Cat.pyi Tab u<5
Fig. 1.

This has an oblong, large, white Root, going a Foot deep into the
ground, from the top of which grow feveral trailing Branches, round and
green, let pretty thick with Leaves three always together, on an half Inch
long Foot-Stalks. Each of them is an Inch long, and not over the twelfth
part of an Inch broad, fmootb, of a blewiih green colour. The Leaf od-
pofite to the Poot-Stalk, is longer, and Hands on the top of the Foot-Stalk
by an eighth part of an Inch Petiolus. The Flowers Hand feverally on two
Inches long, round, green, naked Footstalks. They are papilionaceous, of a
lcarlet colour, the two biggefl oppofite Petala , being very large, to which
follows a llender, brown Pod, containing leveral Peafe.

It grows in the claiy parts of the Savannas .

XVIII. Phafeolus erect us major, fill qua tereti, femine rubro. Cat. p. 71. Tab-.
11$. Fig. 2,3. An Phafeolus Americanus hortenfi affinis frutiu minor e rubro,
Callavance Jamaicenfibus diclus. P taken. Almag. p. 289 ? Jamaica Red-Pea fe
This Phafeolus has a Email Root, and flrong green Stem, which, at about
three Inches from the ground, lhoots out feveral trailing Branches, at unequal
diltances fending forth Flowers and Leaves, of the latter there are always
three, like the other Phafeoli, Handing on a four Inches long Foot-Stalk.
The Flowers are two, on an Inch and an half long, flrong Foot-Stalk, one
againlt another, papylionaceous, and of a pale purple colour. After thefe

follow two Pods of a reddilh purple^ colour, having a fvvelling over every
Pc^i

It is planted as the former, a*d counted very good Provifion.

XIX. Phafeolus major eretius, caule purpurafcente, filiqua, tereti ventriosalonr a

Cat. p. 72. 6

This has a cornered, lomewhat purple Stalk, flender, eight or nine Foot
long, at every three or four Inches diflance fending out Leaves, three be¬
ing always on the lame two Inches long Foot-Stalk, like in every thing to
thofe of the other Phafeoli. Ex alis foliorum comes a two Inches long Foot-
Stalk, and on it feveral pale papylionaceous Flowers, and after them follows
a round, whitilh Pod, ventriofe, as big as ones little Finger, almofl flrai<dit,
four or fix Inches long, containing about fifteen cornered, reddilh brown
coloured Peafe, juft like an Englijh Rouncival, having in their Pods a thin
membrane between every Pea.

They are planted as frequently, and fet for the fame purpofes as other the
/ hajeoli of this Kind.

XX. Phafeolus cretins minor, filiqua tereti ventriosa, pallide flavefcente, femine
albo. Cat. p. 72. Clay coloured Peale, or fix Weeks Peafe.

From a fmall Root, with many fibers, rifes a Stem, fometimes purple,
having leveral Branches on every hand, about a Foot and an half high,
and here and there, without any order, Leaves and Flowers, ex eorum
alls, both Handing on an Inch long Foot-Stalks. The Leaves are always
three, woolly, almofl round, two Inches long, and one and an half broad,
made like the other Phajeoli. The Flowers are papylionaceous, of a pale

blue.

84 The Natural Hi [lory of Jamaica.

blue, purple colour, or fometimes vrbuith. The fitcceeding Pods are about
three Indies long, clay coloured, round, onlyfwe ld more or left according
to the number of Peas, every one having a fwelhng over it, and inciofmg
a great many White Peas, oblong, round llh, and Ihapd like a Kidney, as

°l There is ^variety in this Pea, Come being larger than others.

They are planted here in clear’d grounds after a fmall Rain or Seafon.
They liowe, or make fuperficial holes in the Earth three Foot d.ftance one
from another, and therein put three Peafe, covering them with the Mou d,
one whereof they think will fpring , the other two are fuppolid to be
eaten with Rats, Mice, &c. In fix weeks time they are ready o be gathered.

If not gathered when Ripe, the firft Shower of Rain fliakes them, and they
are loft which iliows the contrivance of Nature to perpetuate the Plant,
Rain lhaking the ripe Seed at a time when proper to grow.

They are reckon’d very good Provifionfor Negroes white Servants, or to

fatten Hogs withal, and very much planted for thole ules.

XXI Phafeolus eretfus minor, [mine fph<erico albldo, hilo nigro. Cat.?. 72.
■Tab. 1 1 7. Fig. 1, a, a. Fhafeolns Indies fruSn firiato, dbo mmre mgr a macula
infinite. Pluhnet. Almag. p. 190. An phafeolus Barbadmfis ertlfm filtqua
angulUlfima tinSorius. Him ■ par. Bat. p.ni Calavances.

This fort of Phafeolus has a Stalk, putting forth feveral Branches, nfing

about a Foot high, along which come out Leaves three together, on a three

or four Inches long Foot-Stalk. That Leaf which ts odd, or oppofite to
the Foot-Stalk, is an Inch and an half broad at Bafe, and two Inches and
an half long, plac’d three quarters ol an Inch further than thofe at Bafe,
which are fmaller they are very fofc, of a yellowiili green colour, and have
AeixIUbs from the ends of their Foot-Stalks. The Flowers are wh.te, pa-
pilionaceous, and ftandon nine Inches long, fttong Foot-Stalks .coming out
ex dis foliorum. After them follow three or four Inches long Pods, a moft
round/clay coloured, and almoft ftraight containing very many almoft
round] white Peafe, fomething refembling atf.dney, wuha black Eye, not
fo big as the fmalleft Field Pea.

They are planted , and perifli every Seafon, as fome of the other

They are accounted the fweeteft, and bell for Food of any of them.

XXIL Arachidna India utriufque tetraphylla. Par. Bat. Cat. £ 7*. Man-
debi fruttas Pifonis Muf Swammerd. p. 1 5- An Terfe*. Ogilb. Africa, p.2z.

I found this planted, from Guinea Seed, by Mr. Harrtfon, in his Garden

Thi" Fruit, which are call’d by Seamen Earth-Nuts, are brought from
Guinea in the Negroes Ships, to feed the Negroes withal in their Voyage from

Guinea to Jamaica.

They are windy and Venereal. Pijo.

If eaten much they caufe the Head*ach. Marcgr.

An Oil is drawn out of them by Expreffion, as gooa as that of Almonds.
If they are beaten and made into a Poultefs, they take away the pain of

&ThisSis the Nut* clufw fpeaks of, wherewith the Portuguefe Visual their
Slaves to be carried from St. Thome to Lisbon.

XXIII. Hedyfarum triphyllum frnticcfum, fiors furpureo, ftliqua van* dijlorta .
Cat. D. 72. Tab . Il6. Ft?* 9.

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

This rifes by a woody, brown coloured Seem, having feverai green, rough
Branches, to four Foot high. The Leaves come out on every hue, without
any order, having two Appendices at parting from the Stalk fomething
like a lotus , three always together on the fame Inch and an half long Foot-
Stalk, the upper one being longer, and having an Inch long Foot-Stalk pro¬
per to its felf, or being plac’d an inch further than the two under ones, which
are rounder, and oppofire to one another. They are all thin, (m’ooth a-
bovc, of a dark green colour, and rough underneath. The tops are long
Spikes of Flowers thinly plac’d on an half Inch long Foot-Staik, papilio¬
naceous, of a pale purple colour. ^ After thefe follow feverai Pods’ Pender
rough, jointed, and varioufly turn’d and diPorted.

It grows in a Gully towards the Angels beyond the Town of St. Two

de la V ?ga, and in the Paths among the Sugar-Canes in feverai places of
this I (land.

XXIV. I/edyfarum tripbjllum fruticofum minus. Cat. p. 73. Tab 118
Fig 1.

This had a very Prong Root and Stem, from whence went feverai Branches
about three Inches long, having here and there alternatively Leaves very
like the former, three always together on the fame half an Inch long com¬
mon Petiolus, each whereof were about half an Inch long, fmooth, of a
yellowilh green colour, and of an Oval fhape. Ex alls foliorum rile Foot-Stalks
about three Inches long, fuPaining fomc papylionaceous Flowers, and I
guefs Seeds in Pods, as the former, although I never faw them, and there¬
fore cannot pofitively alfert that it belongs to this place.

I found it in Jamaica , but do not remember where, neither can I give a more
particular account of it.

XXV. PIcdyfarum triphyllum fruticofum fupimm, Hors purpurea. Cat. p yf

, V1,9* f.lg'r 2" 0”°fnchis Americana for thus fpicatis foliis terms canefcem
Ulus Jtliculis afpsris Plukenet. Aim. p.ryS. Phyt. Tab. 308. Fig. 5.

This has a long, fmall, woody Root, fending forth feverai Foot long
Branches, lying along the ground, whofe Stalks arereddilh, rough, round
and woody, having at unequal dipances, on half an Inch long Foot-Stalks*
their Leaves, which are always three together, whereof that in the middle
is the longeft, and all are green above, and more pale beneath. The tops
of the Branches are Spikes of purple, papylionaceous Flowers, to which
follows geniculated, crooked Pods, forming a Semicircle, of a brown co¬
lour, each joint of which is faBned to that next it, by a very (mall lfihmus
whereby its adhefion to it is fo eafic, that by its roughnefs Picking to any
Garment, they leave one another, whence the Portuguefe Name Ervadd Amor.
Every joint contain* one pale yellow Seed.

It grows every where in the Woods, efpecially in thole of the Savannas.
The Root is hot, and a DecocBion of it in fair water, or other Vehicle
is one of the bep Remedies againP a cold Flux of the Belly. The fume or
fmoak of the Leaves received with a covered Head, cures the Head-ach
which comes from Cold and Catarrhs. Pifo.

XXVI. P/e dyf arum minus diphyllum, fore luteo. Cat. p. 7 3.

This Plant, from a {mall woody Root, puts out (everal three or four
Inches long Branches, trailing, or lying on the furface of the ground, having
feverai Leaves, two always Banding on the fame Foot-Stalk, of a yellowifli
green coiour, and a little hirfute. The Flowers are yellow, and papyliona¬
ceous. The Pods are a little crooked , hirfute , or rough like a half

B b b Moon,

1 8(5 The Natural Hijlory of Jamaica.

Moon. Each Seed or Pea being inclos’d in a Semicircular joint, every
one of which is parted from the other by a fmall Neck or lflbmus. ’ 3

It grows very copioufly in the Tandy and dry places of the Savanna, near
the Town of St Jago de la Vega , after rainy Seafons.

An Apozem is made of this for cold Fevers. H. M.

XXVII. PJedyfarum caule birfuto, mimofs foliis alatis, pinnis acutis minimis
gramineis. Cat. p. 74. Tab. 118. Figy. An fecuridaca c type at a flore luteo lent is
folio Zeylanica. Breyn. pr. 1. p. 46? Vel an Mimofa filiquis latis birfutis artzcu-
latis. Herm par. Bat. Cat . p 10? An Onobrycbis Brifnagarica mimofa foliis
ftliquis ad unnm foUrnmodo latus dent at is ex alis pclyceratos. Plttk. Aim. p. z~o
Phyt. Tab. 49. Fig. 5 ? ' '

The Branches of this Plant were about a Foot long, roundifh, filled with
a fungous Pith, fet very thick on the outfides, with very large and fierce
Hairs, or fmall prickles, of a white colour, as were alfo the Twigs, whole
ends were let with alated Leaves, whole Pinna were very fmall, lharp or
pointed at the end, graffie or ftriated like grafs Leaves, and ’numerous
The Flowers came out of a hairy, or echinated fmall Leaf, tanquam cv utri-
eulo being many Handing on the ends of branched Foot-Stalks alterna¬
tively, and after them follows articulated Pods, like to thofe of the orece-
dent- r

I found it in the inland parts of the Illand, but where particualrly I do not
remember. J

XXVIII. ^uadri folium erect urn flore luteo. Cat. p. 74. Tab. 116. Fi°- ■>

This rifes to about a Foot high, being ered, branched, and having Twigs
fet thick with Leaves alternatively, on a three quarters of an Inch long Foot-
Stalk, there being conliantly, as far as I could obferve, four on the fame
Foot-Stalk. Each of them are fmall, and have a {mail fnip or defedt on
their further ends, where they are largeft, being of a yellowilh green colour
and Imooth, having one middle Rib, eminent on the backfide Ex alis
foliorum towards the top comes a yellow papylionaceous Flower as in others
of this Kind. '

It grew in the Savanna near Two Mile Wood, and feverai other claiv narrc
of the Savannas.. y f drcb

. XXIX. Loto pentaphyllo fthquefo villofo fimilis, Anonis rTon fpinofa , foliis ci Pi
tnfiar gkttnofis & odoratis Cat. p. 74. Tab. 119. Fig. 1. An Anonis vidfa
Jpims carens lutea mayor nonnihil precumbens, medio tantum folio per extremum
Jerrato, pedieulis flortm indivifis. Pluk. M ant iff. p. 15?

This has a great many wooddy Branches from the fame Root rifinp m
about two Foot high. The Stalks are round, llirubby, gray, and branch'd
out into many Twigs which are green and hoary, having without any order
feverai Foot-Stalks half an Inch long, fultaining three Leaves, each fmaller
and longer than thofe of the trifolium bamorrhoidale, and being purple on the
edges, and having purple fpots on their backs, and a down of the fame
colour The Flowers are on the tops of the Twigs, feverai opening fuc-
ceffive ly one after another, being yellow. After thefe follows a ihining brown
fngle heed, with a point on one fide, and defedt on the other, inclofed in a
Husk or Pod; which is very (hort, thin fhap’d like a Scymiter, having

fingfe Seecf eannS Ll"eS “ NerVCS °n ic' in each of which ,ies only one

The whole Plant is clammy, and fmells like the ordinary Ciftuss

It grows in claiy or gravelly parts of the Town Savmm, and elfewhere
in Jamaica. .

Ji

The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica. 187

in qualities it agrees with thofe of this Tribe that are in Europe. The
vert ties of the Root being heating, of fubtle parts, and fit to cleanfe the
Bladder. Pifo.

XXX. Anonis non fpinofa minor , glabra, procumbent, flore luteo. Cat. p. 7 c.
Tab. \ # 9. Fig. z.

This . has a long, deep, round, brown, tough Root, from whence fpring
many round, Foot long Stalks., hairy, branch’d into others lying round on
the furface of the Earth, being very thick fet with Leaves, three always to¬
gether on the eighth part of an Inch long, or very ihort, Foot-Stalk, each
being fmooth, and having many white Veins appearing on its under lurface.
Towards the top come the Flowers, they are papylionaceous, of an Orange
colour, with a little purple in their middle. Afterwards follows a very
•fmall, rough, Ihort Pod or Husk, inclofing one reddilh Seed or Pea.

It grew near the River-fide in a Field below the Town, and near the
watering placeby the River very plentifully.

Chap. IX.'

r0f Herbs whofe Flowers are compos’d of W or three Petala or Leaves*

WHAT are chiefly remarkable in this Tribe, are fome

of the following Vifcums, which are a new kind of
Parafitical Plants, differing from all thofe of Europe.
Their way of growth, Flower, and Seed, are very par¬
ticular, and extraordinary, and may be taken notice of
in their Defcriptions.

Ama cvero ana Vareca di Padre Matteo , Teems to be one of thefe Vifcums
delcribed and figured by Zan. p. 29.

I. Stellar ia aquatica. Park. Cat. p. 75.

It grows in mod Rivers of this Ifland.

II. Plant a innominata prima Marcgr. p. 8. Cat.p.jf. Ephemerum Brafilia «
rum ramofum procumbent bipet alon foliit mollioribut. Herm. par. Bat.p. 145. Rha-
Ungium Africanum helleborinet folio non defer iptum. Hort. Lugd. Bat. Raii. Hi(l .
Dipet alot Brafl liana foliit Gentian# aut plant aginit. Rail Hifi. p. 1331. Ephe*
merum Africanum annnum flore bipetalo Herm . Cat. p. 231.

This fort of Phalangium is very common in all the moid places of this
Ifland, as well as Barbados.

III. Plant ago aquatica. Fuchf. Cat. p. 73. Ranunculus palujlris plant aginis fo¬
lio amp l i ore. Tournef El.p.zyi. Infl.p. 292.

It grows near Black River Bridge, going to Old Harbour, and in feveral
other places of this Ifland.

This is thought to have the fame qualities with Land Plantain, the Seed
to be adftringent, and the Leaves good againd Burns, and to be applied to
Hydropick Legs. Ger.

The juice applied to Breads is a great fecret in clearing them of Milk.
‘Roeflin. J.B. • ■ »'■* /“

IV. Sagitta

i g 8 The Natural Hi (lory of Jamaica.

IV- Sagitta. Cafl. Dnr. Cat. p. 76. Ranunculus palujlris , folio fagittato

maxima, Tournef. El.p. 241 . Injl. p. zyi- . r ,

This Plant agrees exactly with John Bauhin s Description, and leems to be

the fame Plant in every thing with that of Europe.

It grows in (landing waters. . , . . . _ . ,

It is counted to have the vertues of Plantain , being thought Cold,

Dry, and Adltringent.

I have feen this (ent from the Eafl-Indies , under the name of Coolette
Telia gathered near Fort St. George , where the Natives ufe the Root brui-
fed to cure their fore Feet, which they often have in wet weather, going bare

Foot.

V. Tlantaginis aquatic as folio Anomala , flore tripetalo purpureo femine pulve-

rulenio. Cat. p. 79. , ...

This had feveral pretty large white Roots, two or three Inches long, which

united fend up feveral Leaves, four or five Inches long, green, fucculent, rib d
like Plantain Leaves, an Inch and three quarters broad near the middle where
broaded. In the center of thefe Leaves rifes a purple jointed Stalk, a Foot
and an half high, having a Spike of purple, or Carnation Flowers three Inches
long, and at top three purple Petala, under which is a little fwelling,
which augmenting turns to a dud, and fcatters with the wind out of a brown

membranaceous Husk. ,

It grew in the Roads to Mountain River beyond Colonel Cope s Plantation

in Guanaboa.

VI. Fife urn -Cary ophyUo ides maximum flore tripetalo pallide luteo femine fila¬
ment of 0. Cat. p.7 6. ihilcfophical Tranfatticns. Number xji. p.114. Wild Pine.

A great many brown fibrils encompafs the Arms, or take firm hold of the
Bark of the Trunc of the Trees where they grow, not as Mideto, entering
the Bark or Wood to fuck Nourifcment, but only weaving and matting
themfelves among one another, and thereby making to the Plant a firm and
flrong Foundation, from whence rife feveral Leaves on every fide, after the
manner of Leeks or Ananas, whence the Name of Wild-Pine, or Aloes, be¬
ing foulded or inclofedone within another, each of which is three Foot and
an half long, from a three Inch breadth at beginning or Bafe, ending in a
point, having a very hollow or concave inward fide, and a round or con¬
vex outward one, lb that by all of their hollow lides is made within a
very large Refervatory Cidern or Bafon, fit to contain a pretty deal of uTa-
ter, which in the rainy Seafon falls upon the uppermod parts of the fpread-
ing Leaves, which have channels in them conveying it down to the Cidern,
where it is kept as in a Bottle. The Leaves after they are fwell’d out like
a bulbous Root, to make the Bottle bending inwards, or coming again clofe
to the Stalk, by that means hindering the evaporation of the water by the
heat of the Sun. They are of a light green colour below, and like Leeks
above, from the midd of thefe rifes a round, fmooth, draight, frefh, green
coloured, three or four Foot long Stalk, having many Branches, when
wounded yielding a clear white mucilaginous Gum. The Flowers come
out here and there on the Branches. They are made up of three long, yel-
lowilh, white, herbaceous Petala, and fome purple ended Stamina, danding
in a long Calyx or Tnbulus, made up of three green vifeid Leaves, with
purple edges. After thefe follows a long triangular Capfula, greenidi brown,
being fome what like thofe of the Cariophyilli, having under it three (hort cap-
fular Leaves, and within feveral long pappous Seeds. The Seed it felf be¬
ing oblong-pyramidal, and very fmall, having very fofc, downy hairs, or

Down,

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica. 189

Down, ot T omentum, much longer in proportion to the Seed, then any To¬
me nt urn I know, being as long as the Pod or Capfula.

it grows on the Arms of the Trees in the Woods every where, as alio oii
the Barks of their Truncs, efpecially when they begin to decay, their Barks,
receiving the Seed, and yielding then eafily to the fibrils of this Plant’s
Roots, which in fbme time difiolves them, and ruins the whole Trunc.

The contrivance of Nature, in this Vegetable is very admirable and
flrange. The Seed has long, and many threads of Tomentum , not only that
it may be carried every where by the wind, as papofe and tomentofe Seeds
of Hieracium, lyfimachia, &c. but alfo that it may by thofe threads, when
driven through the Boughs, be held fall, and flick to the Arms and extant
parts of the Barks of Trees. So fbon as it fprouts, or germinates, although
it be on the under part of a Bough, or the Trunc of the Tree, its Leaves
and Stalk rifes perpendicular, or flraight up, becaufe, if it had any other
pofition, the Ciflern (beforementioned, by which it is chiefly nourifhed, not
having any communication with the Tree) made of the hollow Leaves,
could not hold water, which is neceflary for the Nourifhment and Life of
the Plant.

In the Mountainous, as well as dry low Woods, in fcarcity of water.
This Refervatory is neceflary and fufficient, not only for the Plant its felf,
but likewife is very ufeful to Men, Birds, and all iorts of Infeds, whither
in fcarcity of water they come in Troops, and feldom go away without Re-
frefhment. For the further account of this Plant and its Figure, as alfo con¬
cerning European Plants, fomewhat analogous to it in fome particulars, See the
Philolbphical Tranfadions. Numb.

Befides the Authors mentioned in my Catalogue of Jamaica Plants, p. 76.
to take notice of this Plant, I find Huldrich Schmidel, cap. 4 6. p. 77. of his
Navig. Printed 1599. 4t0- to have the following paflage, which I believe re¬
lates to this Herb.

r^te^oflris aut'eiriTtimfffffius multi fiti moriehantur, licet ad hoc iter apud i ft os f'
CafcJjctrnos mediocri aqu£ copia nos inftruxeramus. Inveniehamusjiutem in hoc iti -
nere, radicem fupra terram ext ant em, magna lataquc folia habentem, in quibus aqua
tanquam in vafe aliquo manet, nec inde effunditur, nec etiam tam facile confumitur ,
capitque una harum radicum aqu£ circiter dimidiam mehfuram.

And Capt. Dampier, in his Voyage, LW. id. of Campeche, p. 56. fays thus.

The Wild Pine is a Plant, fo called, becaufe it fomewhat refembles the
Bufh that bears the Pine : they are commonly fupported, or grow from fome
Bunch, Knot, or Excrefcence of the Tree, where they take root and grow
upright. The Root is fhort and thick, from whence the Leaves rife up in
Folds, one within another, fpreading off at the top : They are of a good
thick Subfiance, and about Ten or Twelve Inches long, the outfide Leaves
are fo compad, as to contain the Rain Water as it falls, they will hold a
pintand a half, or a quart: and this Water refrefhes the Leaver, and nouriflies
the Root. When we find thefe Pines, we flick our Knives into the Leaves,
juft above the Roots, and that lets out the Water, which we Catch in our
Hats, as I have done many times to my great Relief.

VII. V if cum Cariophylloides maximum, capitulis in fummitate conglomeratis .
Cat.p. 77. Tab. 1 10.

This has a great many long, dark, brown, fmall filaments, threads, or fibrils,
which take fall hold of the Barks of Trees, to which it adheres, when all
united making an oblong Root, and fending forth round about many Leaves,
like thofe of white Lily, inclofing one another after the manner of Aloes, each
of which is a loot long, an Inch and an half broad, blunt or roundifh.
They are at the ends ot a very dark green, and fometimes purple colour.

C c c From

icpo The Natural Hijlory of Jamaica.

From the middle of thcfe Leaves rifes a Stalk, about a Foot and an half high,
on which, round about, are let feveral Leaves, (mailer than thofe at bottom,
on the top of which hand many pale, green, broad Leaves having agiewy
mucilage between them, and a great many reddilh Leaves, making as it
were a Calyx, and looking in all fomething like a Role, in which are con*
taincd feveral Heads conglomerated, having Seed-Veflels, and Seed as the

It grows on old great Trees in the large Woods, in Sixteen Mile- Walk-
Path, and fometimes on the ground when fallen.

Vi II. Vifcwm Caryophylloides majus, fiore tripet ah coeruleo , [emine filamentofe.

Cat. p. 77- , , i j

This by a great many fmall fibrils, wrapt together, catches hold, and

furrounds the Branch of any Tree it grows on, for three Inches round. From
thence rifes a Stem, about which grow feveral Leaves, an inch broad at
their beginning, hollow or concave in the infide, and convex on the other,
fwell’d out, or prominent below, making a cavity able to hold a pretty deal
of Rain water. The other, or upper part of the Leaf is narrow and gralfie,
fomething like thofe of Pinks, about nine or ten Inches long, bow’d back¬
wards, and reflected, and lo hanging down, or a wbitifh green colour, In
every thing like the Leaves of the Wild-Pine in their contrivance. The
Stalk is a Foot and an half high, jointed, at every Inches dirt a nee or joint,
having a gralfie Leaf, inclofmg the Stalk at the joint. Near the top on each
fide, ex alls foliorum come the Flowers, which have three Pet ala, are blue
with a few yellow Stamina , fcarce appearing out of a green hollow Leaf.
After which follow pappous Seeds, being fmall, oblong and brown, having
many long, downy filaments, hanging from them, and all being indofed
in a firft green, then brown triangular Capful'a, fupported by the aforefaid
Leaf.

It grows everywhere in the Woods on the Branches of Trees, drawing
its Nourifliment from Rain-water, falling into a Cavity made by its own
Leaves.

IX. Vifium Caryophylloides minus, foliis pruim inftar candhantihvs, fiore
tripet alo purpurea femine filament ojo. Cat.p.jy. Tab. 12,1. Fig. 1.

This Plant has feveral fmall fibers, warped, interwoven, or matted one
within another, and wrapped about the Arms and Branches ©f Trees, from
which, though fometimes it be on the under fide of the Bough, rife (lraight
up feveral Leaves, the under parts whereof inclofe one another like Bulbs,
making in their inward concave Tides a cavity to hold Raw, thereby to
nourifh themfelves and Stalks. The Leaves are long, narrow, gralfie,
exactly of the fliape, make and contrivance with thole- of the Wild-Pirre,
fomething like the Leaves of a Gillyflower, only all cover d over with a
(hort, white Ihining Down, making the Leaves always look as if they were
cover’d with a hoar Froft. In the middle of thefe rifes a naked hoary, three
Inches long Stalk, on the top of which (lands a hoary half Inch- long Calyx,
on the end of which are three fmall, purple P etala, and afterwards follows a
Seed-Veflel, exactly the fame in every thing with that of the Wild-Pine,
only in every part (mailer.

It grows every where on the Branches and Arms of Trees in this Wand.

X. Vifium Caryophylloides minus, folio rum imis viridibtts, apicihns [ubrnbicun-
dss} fiore tripet alo purpureo [emine filament ofo. Cat , p. 77, Tab. in. Pig. 1.

This

•i

The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica. 191

This is in every thing the fame with the former, only larger and
longer. The Leaves are very like thofe of Pinks in fhape, their under parts
are green, and tops reddiili.

it is to be found on the Boughs and Trees on the Red Hills on Guanaboa
Road, and near Mr. Barnes’s Houle there.

XI. Vifcum Caryophylloides tenuiffimum, e ramttlis arborum mufci in modum dt~
fen dens, foliis pruin<e inflar candic antibus, fiore tripetalo, femine filament oof. Cat.
f. 77. Tab. Hi. Fig. z, 3*

The Stalk of lhi9 moffie Plant* is about the bignefs of a thread, confiding
of a thin Skin, whitifh, as if covered with a hoar Frofl, having within
that along, tough, black Hair, like a Horfe Hair. Thefe Stalks ( many of
them being ufually together) flick on any Branch fuperficially by the mid¬
dle, and fend down on each fide feme of the fame Hairs or Stems, very often
a yard long, hanging down oft both Tides from the Branches of the Trees
they adhere to, being curled, or turning and winding one within ano¬
ther, and making the fhew of an old Man’s Beard (whence the name)
or as if they were made to climb, which I never faw they did. Thefe
Stalks are branch’d, and the Branches Which are two or three Inches long,
are fee with two or three Inches long, roundifh, white Leaves, covered over
as it were with a hoar Frofl. The Flowers come at the ends of thefe
Branches, have three Pet ala , and a Seed, With Seed-Veffei, &c. like the
others of this- Kind.

It grows on the Branches of the Ebonies, or other Tree# in1 the Saroannds
frequently, and looks very oddly.

Ic is us’d to pack up any thing in, which etherWagKs may eafily be
broken!, as Cotton is fometimea made ufe of With u&

The inward flrong black Hairs of this Mofles Stalks, are made ufe of by
the Birds called Watchipkkets, for making theif cutioufPy contriv’d Nells,
hanging on the Twigs of Trees.

This, by lying in the Air and Weather, or being by other means cleared
of its outward Skins, has another appearance, whence Dr. Plukenet calls ic
Cafcuta Americana fuper arbor es fe diffitndens', Cufcttta t rich odes lendiginofa, &c.
as I have obferv’d, p. zzi. of my Catalogue;

XII. Ananas , Chrifl. Acofi. Cat. p. 77. Fan-polo mie fen Anatids ff tiff us.
Boym. lit.G. Thevenot. p. *1 . Pine- Apples of t) ampler.

This Fruit is planted and us’d by Way of defect, (having a very fine
flavour and tail) all* over the hoc Weflffndies, either raw, or when' not yet
ripe, candied, and is accounted the moft delicious Fruit thefe places , or
the World affords, having the flavour of Rasberries, Strawberries, &c.
but they feern to me not to be fo extremely pleafant, but too fower, fit¬
ting the Teeth on edge very fpeedily.

The Fruit ripened1 by the Sun is lefs efleem’d than that ripen’d in a
Chamber. Pifo.

It is clear’d of its outward Skin when ripe, and cut into flices, and fo ea¬
ten, the middle fibrous or woody part being thrown away.

It is known when ripe by the colour of the tuft of Leaves at top, which
then turn yellow, and will eafily come off with the leaf! pulling.

This Tuft, as well as young Sprouts or Succors front the old ones fides,
are planted in any hot Soil, and feldom mifs to profper.

The flices are foak’d in Canary to take off the fharpitefs which com¬
monly otherways inflames the Throat, and then they are eaten If the Wine
in which they are foak’d be drank it inflames the Throat like wife, Pifo. But
1 never found this which Pifo fpeaks of.

It

It is a great Cordial to fainting fpirits, and helps a fqueamilh Stomach. Its
Juice and Wine is good for the luppreffion of Urin, and Fits of the Stone, as
alfo againfl Poyfons, efpecially Cajfada I he fame is done by the Root
when the Fruit is wanting. The diftill’d Liquor, by Fire from the Fruit,
is yet more effectual if it be given in a (mail quantity, for if too much be
given it is hurtful to the urinary paffages. It is fo injurious and corroding
that it not only hurts the Tongue and Pallat, but leaves marks on the Knile
that cuts it, efpecially if the Fruit be not ripe. And then ’tis as prejudi¬
cial as C arawata to Women with Child. It is hurtful to people in Fevers,
to the wounded or ulcered, it is fo hot as to be very injurious to them,
therefore 1 wTonder Monardes fhould reckon it cold and moifl. Chriftopher
Acofta faying better, that ’tis hot and moifl, and begets inflammations if
it be much ufed. Pifo.

The juice is mix'd with water, and given to the Tick as we give Mead.
Marcgr. It corrodes a Knife in anight, if it flicks in it. Xim. Acofl.

Pifo fays that the old Inhabitants of Brafile told him that this was firfl car¬
ried thence to Peru, and the Eaft-Indies, and Linfchotten, that they came to
the Eaft from the Weft-Indies.

The juice takes fpots out of Cloaths Pifo.

it is cold and dry, it is given to thofe in Fevers to cool, and excite Ap¬
petite, though apt to turn to Choler. A flice held on the Tongue quenches
thirfl, and moiflens the Tongue. Hernand.

Monardes was very much out when he defcribes this to have Seeds to be
{pit out when ’tis eaten.

The B raft Hans ufe it in their ficknefles. Thevet.

It had its name from its likenefs to a Pine-Apple, one was carried on its
Plant to Charles V. but not lik’d. It is preferv d in tferv-Spain. They are
befl on the Ifles Acofta.

It is crowned to fliow its excellency, and that Crown planted gives a
better Fruit than the Succors. It makes the Gums bleed. Its Wine is good,
it fpoils after three Weeks, but recovers again, both it and the Fruit caufe
Abortion. Tertre.

It is Cordial, and Stomachic, and is good in Gravel and Poifons. The
diflill’d water is good, but care mufl be had to Correct its Acrimony.
Roch.

The Juice with Hony makes a drink in Brafile. Morifot.

The Leaves boil’d in Rice-water, mixt with haleari Powder, and drank
Purges Hydropick Bellies. The unripe Fruit given with Vinegar expels the
Child out of the Uterus, and eaten Corrects the fwelling of the Belly from
Wind. Hort. Mai.

This Plant went from the Weft to the Eaft-Indies, where the Fruit is larger,
and Leaves narrower. Large and ripe Fruit was in Amfterdam Garden for
five years pafl. Comm. ih.

The Conferve of this Fruit does not preferve its natural tafle. Bojm.

Chap,

The Natural Hiftory 0/Jamaica.

. . . — - „ -|, -- y-i - ’ihiiibi 1 — — — — — — ^ — tkimilli _

Chap; X,

Of Herbs whofe Flowers are compos’d of four Persia or Leaves .

Eucoium luteum , fivt Keiri minimum polygaU facie. Cat. t. ™
Tab. 123. Fig. 1. ' /y*

This has a great Root in refpe<3 of the Plant, being more
than an Inch long, woody, of a white brown colour, and
firmly fix d in the ground. From hence fpring two or three
Stalks, two or three Inches long, having feveral Leaves exa&ly like thole
of Polygala vulgaris. The Flowers are at top of the Branches, yellow and
tetrapetalous, after which follows a {mail Pod.

It grows in the claiy grounds in the Town Savannas.

This does not agree with the Title of PolygaU S. flos Ambervalis Figiniand
flortbus lutes s in caput oblongum conge (l is Rani fieri. Pink. Aim. p. 3 or. which
Plant Dr. Plukenet thinks p. 17 3. Mant. may be the lame with this.

II. Sinapi fliis fulrotundis, [erratic > femine rufo. Cat. p 79. Tab. 121. Fir T
Milliard. J

This has a white large Root with many fibers. The Leaves at bot¬
tom round the top of the Root on the lurface of the ground, are al-
moll round at their end. They are fix Inches long, narrow at their begin¬
ning, and growing broader towards their top, where they are round and
three Inches in diameter, very much ferrated, and of a yeliowiih green
colour. The Stalk is round, green, four or five Foot high, having Tome
Leaves placd on it without any order, longer, (mailer, and not fo round as
thole at bottom. The Stalk has towards its top feveral Branches, be let
with yellow tetrapetalous Flowers, having Stamina of the fame colour and
in the Center a green Stylus. After which comes an Inch long Pod. fwelied
or protuberant on the outfide over every Seed, round and containing two
rows of fmall, round, fmooth, reddifh Seeds, with a thin membrane be¬
tween.

It grows frequently in the cultivated places of this Ifland.

The Seeds , if prepared as our European MuBard-Seeds , make
good a Sawce.

Ill- Naflurtium aquathum vulgare. Park. Gat . p 79.

This is very common in all not too rapid Rivers, chiefly near Springs

from whence they are brought down, and thrive in moft Rivers of this
Ifland.

This grows much larger than ordinary on the Laguna in the Caymans
whence it is in great quantities carried to Port-Royal Market ; but it feems
to be no different Kind, but only a variety, and this variety in largenefs
in deeper waters, is taken notice of by Label in his Adverfaria. '

It is very good againft the Scurvy or Chronical Difeafes, it is Diu retick,
and very opening, being made ufe of for many days together, in Sallads or
Broaths, efpecially the firll.

The Seed breaks the Stone, and forces the Catamenia. Dor (l •

It io not to be ufed by Women with Child, if the Child be not dead.
Lon.

If Boiicd in Milk or Wine, and fouled, it cures the Scurvy. Dad

k is very Diuretick even outwardly applied. Cafalp.

D d d

Lacuna

94

The Natural Hifiory of Jamaica.

Lacuna makes two Kinds of it differing in bignefs, faying the lail was
hurtful* fometimes killing.

IV Sinapiflrum jEgyptium heptaphyllum, flore cameo, majus fpinofum. Hern,
Cat. Plant. Jam. p. Bo. Papdver corniculatum acre quinquefolium Amencamm
Pore cameo majus fpinofum. Pluken. Aim. p. 280.

P The Root of this Plant is deep, large, white and firmly fixd m t e
ground, by feveral fmaller, going from the Tides of the greater Root, i he
Stalk is very ftrong, round, hairy, green, rifing to about four or five Foot
high, fpreading Branches on every fide, having on their lower parts fin¬
ger’d Leaves, Raiding on long Foot-Stalks exactly refembling thole of
Lupins or the Pentaphyltyfo filiquofttm. Profp. Alp. only each Finger is
toller, narrower, hairf and the whole Leaf, for the moft part, ftven
pointed. At the Branches, and Leaves beginnings are ufually two Ihojt,
green ftrong, ftraight Prickles. The Flowers come out on every fide of the
Branches tops. They are each made up of four long ?etala> ^rft ParE
which is narrow, and towards the end broad, being fiiapd like a bpoon,
only not hollow, of a white colour, inclining to purple In the middle of
theft Pet ala comes a great many long, purple Stamina. The Pods are imail,
round, and of a pale green colour, inclofing a great many very (mail, brown
Seeds. The whole Plant is fomewhat viftid, and has in every part of it a

very grateful ftrong fmell. ^ _ cc - , , T/

It grows every where in the Streets of the Town of St. Jago de la l ega.

V. Sinapiflrum Indictm pent aphy Hum flore cameo minus , non fpinofum. Herm.
Cat. Plant. Jam p. 80. Pap aver corniculatum acre quinquefoltum AEgyptiacum

minus fore cameo non fpinofum. Pluk. Aim. J>- 280. ,

This is commonly to be found near the Town of Paffage-Fort, and other

places as well of Jamaica, as the Caribes, and m Egypt.

F Boil’d in Oil it remedies cutaneous Difeafes, efpectally the Leprofie. The
whole Plant beat with Juice of Raca-palam, and anointed cures Puftles.
The Juice is fnuff’d up to hinder Poyfon from reaching the Head I he
fame does the Plant boil’d in water and drank. The Leaves provoke Ap¬
petite, are expedorating and comforting, diflipate Phlegm and Wind. The
Root and all beat and applied in Balls under the Arms, cures or dimimfties
cold Ague Fits. The Juice with Oil helps Deafnefs dropt into the Far.
The Leaves beaten and applied to the Head cures its aching from co.d.

TL M.

VI. Sinapiflrum Indicum triphyllum flore cameo non fpinofum. Cat. p. So. Ta’J.
124 Ft?. J. Papaver corniculatum acre triphyllon Indicum fl or thus luteis vtfeo-
fum Ramaniffa Cochinenflbus ditium. Plukenet. Aim. P. 280. An Ana-Peela.
Hort. Mall part. 9. f. 41. *3? Trifohum fpicatum alma Hernandez.

p. 285 ? Fel Memeya de Tepoztlan Ejufd. p. 384 ?

This has a four or five Inches long Root, fmall and white, with lateral
Fibers drawing its Nouriftiment. The Stalk is round, green, upright, two
Foot long, without any Branches, but having Leaves thinly plac’d thereon,
without any order, Handing three always together on the fame common Inch
long Foot-Stalks. The uppermoft of them is the argeft being an Inch and
an half long, and half an Inch broad in the middle where broadeft, and
Imooth The top of the Stalk, is a Spike of tetrapetalous Flowers, each of
the Pet ala being white, and Handing round feveral long purple Stamina, m-
clofing a Stylus of the fame length and colour, though of a different bignefs,

iuft like the others of this Kind, and after them follows a three Inches long
J Pod,

The Natural Hi ft ory of J amaica. 195

Pod, (mall, round, green, and ending in a point exactly like the Pods of the
aforefaid Plants.

This grew on the Banks of the Rio-Cobrt below the Town juft by the
water-fide, on the other fide of the River, and on a Gullies fide near Colo¬
nel Copes Stables, in his Plantation by Guandoa .

VII. Iberis humilior annua Virginiana ramojior, Morif. Cat. p. 80. Tab. 123.
Fig. 3. An Mexixquiiitl feu najlurtium iberifve Indie a. Nieremb. p. 316?
Thlafpi Virginianum foliis iberidis amplioribus & [err at is. Tourmf. El. p.iSz.
Infi.p. 113. Pepper-Grals.

This has a white Inch long fingle Root, with fibers from it, drawing its
Nourilhment. The firft Leaves are fpread round on the fur face of the
Earth, being about an Inch long, half of which is Foot-Stalk, and reddifh,
with three or four deep LacinU or jags. At its beginning, towards the end
of the Foot-Stalk, being Oval, half an Inch broad, indented about the
edges, fmooth, and of a dark green colour. The Stalk is round, whitilh
green, rifing to a Foot and an half high, having longer, narrower, and
deeplier jagged Leaves fet thick about it without any order, the Branches
alfo come out frequently on all hands, round which (land many Flowers,
on the eighth part of an Inch long Foot-Stalks, being very fmall, white,
and tetrapetalous, with green Stamina in the middle. After thele follows a
fhort Pod, round, with a notch at the further end, containing one oblong,
reddilh Seed in each Arch or Cell of the Pod.

It grows in all the Caribe Wands, and in this Wand in mod of the inland
places

The fird Leaves being of a pleafing biting tad, fupply the place of all
the Crefles in Salleting.

VIII- Eruca duodecima, five maritima Italica (iliqtia hafla Cufpidi fintili. G B.
Cat. p. 81. Crambe maritima foliis eruca, capfula cufpidata. Tournef. El.p. 180.
Crambe maritima foliis eruca angufiioribus f rutin hajlifermi. Ejufd. Infi.p.ziz.
An eadem foliis latioribus. Ej. ib ?

I could not obferve any difference between this Plant here, and that
growing on the Mediterranean, if not in the colour of the Flower, which is
white, but I look on that as only a variety.

It grew on Houfe Cay os, a (mall Wand oft of Port-Royal.

Four Ounces of the diddled water, taken warm in the morning, helps
Colick and Nephritick pains. Lugd. Mycon.

It Purges powerfully, but the Roots are ufelefs. Ang.

IX. Veronica fruticofa eretla dulcis, hexangulari caule, fore dilute cocruleo.
Cat. p. Si. Tab. 108. Fig. 2. Another fort of Wild-Liquorice, or Sweet-
Weed.

This has a drong Root, divided into fmaller, two or three Inches long,
crooked Roots, with feveral fibrils to draw its Nourilhment. The Stalk is
woody, covered with a gray Bark, having feveral Hexangular , green
Branches, about a Foot and an half high, befet with Leaves towards their
tops, three at a place, being without any Foot-Stalk, three quaters of an
Inch long, and half an Inch broad near tire end, where broaded, ferrated
about the edges, and of a grafs green colour. Ex alis foliorttm come the
Flowers, (landing on a quarter of an Inch long Foot-Stalks. They are te¬
trapetalous, whitifh, with many Stamina, danding round on all hands within
them, to which follows a round ifh Capfula, or Head of two Leaves, light
brown, membranaceous, no bigger than a great Pins head, containing very
many, fcarcely perceivable, fmall, brown Seeds, danding round a fungous

fubdance

9 6 The Natural Hi/lory of Jamaica.

fubftance of the fame colour. The Leaves of this Plant have a fweet tail

like Liquorice, whence the name.

It grows near a Wood in the Town Savanna, towards two Mile Wood,
by the River fide going to the Ferry, and in feveral other places of this

Jil Three Spoonfuls of the expreffed Juice of the Leaves of this Plant given
Evening and Morning for three days, is counted an infallible Remedy for

any Cough.

This, according to Pifo, is very emollient.

X. Veronica caule hexangulari, foliis [atureia terms, ferratis. Cat.p.%1. Tab.

A great many white firings meet from every fide, to make up one ftraight,
oblong, woody Root, from whence arifes an hexangular, woody, gray
Stalk, fpreading its felf into green Branches about one Foot high. The
Leaves come out three at a joint, at about half an Inches diftancc. They are
long, ferrated, fmali, and narrow, like thofe of Savoury, only of a pale
green colour- This Plant has on an eighth part of an Inches long foot¬
stalk, a fmali whitifh gray, tetrapetalous Flower after which follows m
a brown Capfda, feme brown, angular Seeds. The Capfules (land round
the Stalks ex alls foliorum on Foot-Stalks like to verticillated Flowers, each
being made up of four membranes, they are not round as the former, but
long? and pyramidal, and furrounded with four Leaves for its Calyx .

The Defcriptions and Figures of this, and the foregoing, feem to dif¬
fer, though Dr. Plukenet, p. 151. Mant. thinks them the fame. Perhaps

they may only vary.

It grows in the landy Savannas.

XI. Papaver fpimfrm. C. B. Cat. p. 81. Argtmm Mexican*. Tmmf. El.

p' This Plant agrees exadtly to the defcription given by Authors.

It grows every where about the Town of St Jago de la Vega on the
road thither from Paflage Fort, and in all the Caribes very abundantly.

The Leaves of this Plant boil’d promote fleeping.

A Thimble full of the Seeds are reckoned a very violent Purge.

The Seed powdered and taken to the quantity of two Drams, purges all
Humours, efpecially Flegm from the Joints. The Milk, with a Womans
Milk that bore a Female, dropt into the Eyes, Cures their Inflammations. It
is good againft intermitting Fevers- The Flower apphed Cures the Scab.
The Taft is bitter, and it is hot and dry. Its diftili d Water, with the tops
of Mizquitl takes fpots out of the Eyes, and eats Proud Flefh, takes away
pains of the Head, and helps other fuch Difeafes. Hern.

The Seed came from England, under the Tide of Ftgo del inferno. Bank,
The prickly Head is long and round, fomewhat like a Fig, and whole-
ever ihould have one ftick in his Throat, quickly goes to Heaven or Hell,
from thence ’tis called Ficus Inf emails. Park.

XII. Chelidonium mains arbor eum foliis, qaercinis. Cat. p. 82. Tab . 125”.

This Shrub rileth to ten or twelve Foot high, having a ftraight Trunc, as
big as ones Arm, covered with a white, fmooth Bark, being branch d towards
the top the Branches ends, having a great many Leaves let round them
without any order. They are of the ftiape of Oak Leaves, have an Inch
long Foot-Stalks, are feven Inches long, and three broad at the blunt top
where broadeft, being narrow at the beginning, and having on their fides-
fome deep fmuations, one great middle, and ieveral tranfverfe Ribs and

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

being of a yellowifli green colour on the upper fide, and whitifli underneath.
The tops of the Twigs, beyond the Leaves, are a Foot long, and branched
out into very large bunches of many Flowers each (landing on a fhort Fooc-
Stalk, and being made up of two green Leaves or Lobes, within which arc
many Stamina of a yellow colour, and a Stylus which grows roundifli, big in
the middle, and tapering to both extremes, and in its middle contains a final!
brown oblong Seed. ‘ ’

All parts of this Plant yield on breaking a yellow juice, like that of
Celandine.

It grows in a Gully near Mr. Elletfons Houfe in Liguanee , on the Road
going to Collonel Bourdens Plantation from Guamboa, and’ feveral other
places.

It is hot and dry in the fourth Degree, with fomc Adftriffion. The
Twigs bark’d take off fpots and marks from the Eyes. The juice confumes
Wind, cures Tetters as well as the Fruit, and eafes pain from cold Caufes.
The Leaves cure old Sores, being applied to them. They take off Warts*
especially thofe of the Praputitsm and Pudenda, which has been found by moft
certain Experiment. It is likewife called Quauhchilli , from being as (harp as
Indian Pepper, and was planted by the Indian Kings in their Gardens
Hernandez,.

Xfil. Tithymalus dale is par let aria: foliis hirfutis, fioribus ad canlium nodes con -
glome rafts. Cat.p. 8z. Tithymalus American us, hurni fufus, ferratus, fioribus in
caplin turn alis adherens, congefiis. Plum. Tournef Infi. p. 88. Tithymalus bo-
try aides miner Americanus foliis hirfutis. Plukcn. Aim. p. 373.

This from an oblong tough Root, fends out feveral Email, round red Stalks
hairy, and about a Foot long. The Leaves are fet at the joints of the
Stalks, they are fometimes red, and fometimes whitifli green, almofl: like
thofe of P arutaria. Out of the joints come likewik the Mowers, towards
thy un^cr Parc the Stalk having a Foot-Stalk, but towards the top none,
T hey are very Email, many being ciofe fet together in the fame Head or con¬
glomerated, of a white or purplilh colour, and after them follow tricoccous
5eeds, as fmall as thole of Lhamafyce.

It grows everywhere in Jamaica, and other Iflands.

Its Vermes are thought many. Here ’tis very much commended in
Claps as an Ant tv mere at Medicine, and by fomc it is given in the Beliy-ach

Pifo fays tis one of the bed outward or inward Antidotes and that be¬
ing frelli chaw’d, or beaten, applied to a Serpents biting, it not only takes
away the pain, but draws out the Poyfon, and cures Wounds, and likewife,
that if L be dry and powdered, and given iti a convenient Liquor, to the
quantity of a Pugil, it corroborates the Heart, and reftores the llrength de¬
cayed by Poyfon. _ He farther fays, that fcarce any who is prudent go's into
the Woods in Braille without either this Herb or its Juice, which drank in a
good Draught cures the Poyfon of Serpents.

This is the greatefl Antidote againft Serpents biting, being bruifed, and
applied to the Wound : if it have reach’d the Heart, a little of the Powder
cures being inwardly taken. One drop kills a Email Serpent. Term

A Bath is made of this againft Serpents Poyfon. The Leaves with the
Juice ot the Bark Lana, levigated and anointed. Remedies Carbuncles and
Phlegmons. H. M.

XIV. Tithymalus credits, acris parietaru foliis glabris, fioribus ad caulium nodos
co agio me rat is. Cat. p. 81. Tab. Iz6. Tithymalus Americanus, credits , ferratus,
fioribus in capitulum longo pedicnlo infi dens, congefiis . Plum. Tournef. Infi. p. 88.

E c e Chamafyce

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

An Cbamtfjce Americana major floribus glomeratis cynccrambes folio glabro.

^Thfe has feveral reddifh, flringy, crooked Roots, which united fend out
one ft rone red Stalk dividing its felf into feveral green, round Branches,
rifme ten inches high. The Leaves come out at the joints of the Branches,
about half an Inch from one another, they are two and two, fee one agamft
the other on very ftiort Foot-Stalks, are about an Inch long, and one third
part of an Inch broad at round Bale where broadeft, and whence they de-
creafe, ending in a point, being cut fnipt or indented about the edges, and
fmooth. Ex alis foliorum, come for the mod part Inch ong foot-Stalks, fu-
ftaining many white, or purple, tetrapetalous very fmall Flowers, fet very
clofe together one by the other, or conglomerated, after which follow as
many fmall tricoccous Seeds, like the others of this Rind.

It grows in laboured or cleared Grounds in the Plantations.

The Leaves, or any part of this Plant are poyfonous, if eaten by Hogs.
The Milk of this Plant rubbed on Warts cures them.

XV. Feplis fruticofa, maritima, geniculata Cat. p.$z. An fanamunda Afri*

This fmall leav’d Sea Spurge, had a four Inches long, red, vvooddy Root
from which role feveral red Foot and an half high Stalks, ftraight, and
jointed at every quarter of an Inch, having at the joints Branches, and on
them feveral Leaves, Handing fide ways oppohte to one another, at the
joints likewife. They are very fmall, being not over one third part of an
Inch long, and a quarter of an Inch broad, near the middle where broadeft,
fmooth, of a very pale green, or glaucous colour, ftandmg on very fhorc
Foot-Stalks. On the tops of the Twigs comes out a very fma 11, tetrapeta¬
lous, pale, or whitifh yellow Flower, after which follows a fmall tricoccous

Seed, as in others of this Kind.

The whole Plant is very milky.

It grew on Gun Cay os, near Fort Royal.

XVI ChamAyce. C. B. Cat. p. 83. Tithymalus exiguus glaber nummulary,
folic, Tcurnefert. El. p. 74- «7- Tithymalus minimus ruber rotund, fc

lifts procumbens. Bob. Hifl.Ox. part. 3. p. 340. , . ,

I could not obferve any difference between the Chamajyce growing about
Montpelier, and here in Jamaica, and therefore 1 reckon them the lame
Plant, and if there be any difference, ’us, that in Jamaica it is larger than

111 k grows in dry fandy places, about the Town of St.Jagode la Fega , very

^k^akes' off all Warts, they being rub’d with it. Boil’d with Victuals or
Saliet, it loofens the Belly : the juice does the fame It is good for taking
off fpots from the Eyes, as well as Dimnefs and Clouds, being rubd on

them mix’d with Honey. Lon. .... . , . . .

It has all the vertues of the other Tithymals. Did. Writing with its juice is

not difeovered but by Alhes. Lac. ..... ...

The Greeks were not acurate fometimes m giving their names, as may
appear by this, having no quality of the Fig-Tree only it has Milk, and fo

Lettice.

This Plant grows in molt parts of the World.

XVIL Flantago C<e[alp. Cat.p. 83,

Tis

_

The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica. 199

’Tis common on this fide the Ferry going to Liguanee by Land, and in
the North-fide of this Ifland in feveral places.

'Tis reckoned one of the belt Adftringents, therefore its Juice or Decodi-
on, and all parts of it are thought to be very vulnerary, (topping all man-
ner of Fluxes, either of Blood or Matter, and that taken feveral ways.

It is Cold and Dry, drying Wounds and Ulcers, abounding with too
much moifture, taken as a boil’d Sallet, it cures the Dyfentery. The juice
heals Ulcers of the Ears, and (tops the Catamenia, a Cloath dipt in this
juice being made ufe of by way of PefTary. It (tops bleeding of Wounds,
being mix’d with white of Eggs. Dorfl.

XVIII. Acer is frutfu herba anomala, flore tetrapetalo albo. Cat. p. 83. Tab.
12,7. Fig . r, 2.

This Plant has very (mall, brown, fibrous Roots, by which it creepeth
along the Earths furface, (ending up now and then a round, red, jointed,
and. juicy Stalk, about a Foot and an half high, having Leaves coming out
at the joints alternatively, at an Inch and an half’s diftance, (landing on an
Inch long, round, and red Foot-Stalks. They are three Inches long, half
as broad, rough, of a yellowith green colour, indented on the edges, being
of an irregular Figure, having as it were a defedt on one of the (ides of the
Bale by the Foot-Stalks end, and the other fide produced lower like an Ear,
from whence it decreafes, ending in a point. The Flower conies at top, is
tetrapetalous and white, two of the Tctala being large, and fet oppofite to
one another, and two of them being much fmaller, (et in the fame manner
with yellow Stamina. After this follows one Seed, which is quadrangular,
large, broAm, oblong, inclofed in a two wing’d, triangular, extant mem¬
brane which furrounds it.

It grows in the woody and fhady Paths going to fixteen Mile Walk by the
Bio Cobre, in the (liady Woods by Hops River, and other fuch places in fe¬
veral parts of the Ifland.

This in many things refembles the Tfierianarinampuli. H. M. p. 9* Tab. 86.

P . 167.

XIX. Clematitis prima five fylvefiris latifolia. C. B. foliis ternis. Cat . p.S 4.
Tab. 12.8. Fig. r.

I did not obferve any difference between this Plant here, and ours in Eu¬
rope, but in every part found a perfect agreement, only the Leaves were not
five as ours, but for the raoft part always three on the fame Foot-Stalk, which
may be the variety of Soil. C. B. fays of his, that Mire in foliorum diviftiris
ludit.

It grows in the Woods going to Guanaboa by the Road fide, and over the
Rio Cobre near the Angels.

The Stalks are ufed for Withs.

The Root heated in Water, and mix’d with two Glafles of Wine, diluted
with Sea-water, Purges Hydropical People,

The Juice and Flowers beaten, or boil’d, rub’d on the Skin, takes out its
(pots. It is very Hot. Trag.

Pliny tells us that thele Sticks rub’d againfi: one another they fire. Which
is the way ufed by the Indians to make Fire at this day.

XX. Solanum racemofum Americanum. Rail. Cat. p. 84. Phytolacca Ameri¬
cana. Tournef El. p. 24 6. Phytolacca Americana fruffu majori. Ejufd. Infi.
p. 299. Blitum maximum caule rubente Virgin, feu Amaranthus Amer'tcanus
baccifer. Schuyl. p. 14. Solanum Virginianum rub rum maximum racemofum bac-

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

~ ferulis amliculatis. Bob. Hijl. Ox. pm. 3. f y- An Cuecbiliz tcmatl.
H-rnandez. p 374-' The Great Virginia red Nightfliade. ,

I could not obfcrvc any difference between Parhnfons Great red V.rg.ma
JanZ, and this growing here and therefore w.Unot give the defection

of ir it (ceniins to me to be the f&mc. . n , . T .

it’ grows on the more mountainous parts of this Ifland, as in L.guanee,

on the Mountains above Mr. Elk, fin' s Plantation, on Mount D.dlo in go¬
ing to the North fide, and feveral the more cool places of this Ifland.

It is ufed by the Indians in M?>r -England to dye their Skins and the Barks
wherewith they make their Baskets. Englijb People in V.rg.ma call it Red
wS Vi Zu Nightfliade is a familiar Purger ,n V.rg.nu and Net r-
Erntnd. A fpoonful or two of the juice of the Root works flrongly The
dried Root has not, upon trial, been found to have that effedt. Park.
tfiuru-Caniram. H. M. Is of this Kind.

XXI. Solanum rtetmfm American,. ,m minus. Cat p. 8y. An
Curafivicum Scammonii faith mMms [MirfiuUs. Harm. par. Bat. p.odi A-

W4Thif hasTfmalh”obto(gr^ fibrouTl^o{' which fends up one green, round
Stalk two Foot high, having many Branches. The Leaves hand on the
SrMks without any order, are almoft like thofe of Ctrcaa. Lutctuma , or the
foregoing only Idler. The Flowers come in a Spike on the tops of the
ITanch^’ which have feme large hairs or foft prickles, they have very fliors
Foot-Sulks, are many, white,“and tetrapecalous, after which follow fome

VCF Ifland and in the Caribes.

of rZrt tells us of a toll Solanum, and a Plant like Ctreaa, which, with
the juice of its Root, Cures the Tooth-ach. Perhaps that like C.rcaa was thts.

XXII Ghandirolavcl Nh'andi-roUBrafitlienfihus . Marcgr Cat.p. 8f.

Thi grew very plentifully on a Lime-Hedge neat Mrs G„V Houfe >n her
Plan ation n GtJaha, as alfo in Mountain River Woods, and in (everal
; Vr ohces The Fruit, or inward Nuts, are carried down freflr Rivers into
S= Sea and thence ate thrown upon the Banks by the Waves again very

^The' Inhabitants of Brafile make an 0,1 of the Kernel of this Fruit, which
they ule in their Lamps, being very clear, good, and w ithal ,.ow in con.
fuming. It cannot be us’d for Vifluals being bitter, as is the whole Fruit.

on is Food againft Aches from Cold, it being Hot T remember to
have feen whole Families of thofe of Brafile Sick with the .sight Air, re-
flot’d with this Oil. Pifi.

XXIil Clematis iaccifiera, glalra & vilhjk, re, undo & umbilical 0 folk.
PUtmcr Cat. p. 83. An Caapeha. Pi(- Werm.mufi p. a AnP ohnhs fm
laZfcra ViJmana. officio compref lunate, caud.ce lento, film hederaceya-

flurtii Indict more umhilicatis. Banijt. Flnken. Aim. p. 39 3 1. ' elvetf .

J This has a round, whitiflt, wooddy Stalk, with which it turns about and
catches hold of any Tree it comes neat, and rifes to its top, and thence
falls down again, putting forth all along feme toll Branches, having fe¬
veral Leaves8 like a Hearc, or almoft round, of about an Inch in Diameter,
Jhe edges being undivided. They are of a white yel owiih colour very
thick let with a whitiflt down, or foft hair, feeling to the touch “ Velvet,
whence its nam~ The Flowers come out among the Leaves are han0 , g
:.i a two InXs long Strings, as thofe of Nettles, each Flower being ve^y

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica. 201

iraall, tetrapetalous, of a pale green colour, with one black fpot in the
middle. I could never find any Seed, though feveral times I examined the
Plant.

It grows every where in the Town Savanna , amongft the Shrubs.

The Leaf either applied whole, or bruifed, to a wounded place, cures it
very effectually.

It is a good Remedy againft poifoned bites, the Leaves being bruifed
and applied. I he Root is excellent againft the Stone. Marcgr. Pif.

XXIV. Lyfimachia lutea non pappofa erePla major, foliis hirfutis, fruffu caryo-
phylloide. Cat- p. 85. Tab. 1 27. Fig. 3.

The Stalk is ufually brown, ftrong, four or five Foot high, and has le-
veral hairy, red, angular Branches, on every hand very thick befet with long,
narrow, hairy nervous Leaves, feveral of which come out together, fome
larger, fome fmaller. The larger are three Inches long, and fcarce one
broad, in the middle where broadeft, of a light green colour, downy and
foft like Velvet. The Flowers come out ex alls foliorum, are large, yellow,
{landing on an half Inch long Foot-Stalk, pentapetalous, very open, orfpread
with yellow Stamina, having under them four or five green, fmall Leaves,
{landing on an oblong, large, four or five fquare Capfula, or Sced-Veflel fet
on to the Stalk by an eight part of an Inch long Foot-Stalk, and contain¬
ing in feveral Cells very much fmall, yellowilh Seed, when full ripe.

The Defcriptions and Figures of this and the Ljfimachia corniculata mari-
tima fwuatis, & pubefcentibus foliis Virginiana , Plukenet. Aim. p. 255-. &
Phyt. Tab. 203. Fig. 3. {hew thefe Plants to be very different one from the
other. This I take notice of, becaufe Dr. Plukenet in his Mantiffa , p. 123.
doubts if it be not the fame.

It grows every where on the wet or low Banks of the Rio Cobre, and in
other wet places of the Ifland.

XXV. Lyfimachia lutea non pappofa eretta minor, flore luteo pentapetalo, fruclu
caryophylloide. Cat. p. 85. Tab. 128. Fig. 2, 3.

This rifes about ten Inches high, from fmall fibers it fends out from its
joints, into the neighbouring mud, thereby drawing its Nourilhment. Its
Stalk is green, round, fucculent, fmooth and brittle, on which are plac’d by
a quarter of an Inch long red Foot-Stalks, feveral Inch long Leaves, half as
broad in the middle where broadeft, fmooth and Ihining. Ex alls foliorum
come the Flowers. They are pentapetalous, very large, yellow, and making
a fine {how. The Seed I did not obferve, though by its Stalks and Flower
it Ihould be of kin to, if not a Purflane.

It grows in Marffiy places near Black River Bridge, &c. where water {lands
{hallow moft part of the year, among the Mud, into which it ftrikes its fi¬
brous Roots.

XXVI. Cufcuta inter major em dr minor em media, filament is long is dr fort thus
latijfime fuper arbores vel campos fe extendens. Cat p. Sj. Tab. 12. Fig. 4.

This has very long, and ftrong filaments, by which it ftretches its felf
over very large Trees, and whole Fields and Paftures, rifing no higher than
the Plants on which it feeds. The Flowers are white, and conglomerated on
one fide of the Stalk, as the others of this Kind are. The Filaments are
larger than thofe of the Cufcuta minor five epithymum. C.B. Pin. and lefier
than thofe of the Cufcuta major. C.B. Pin.

F f f

This

jL

202 The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

This is not the Cufcata Lendiginofa , &c. Plukenet. Tab. 26. Fig. 6. as the
Do&or conjedures, Manti (f. p. 61. as may be feen above p. 191. his Cuf-
cuta Lendiginofa, being the inward patt of the Vifcum cariophylloides, &c. there
defcribed, the little knots in it being at the places of the Stalks where the
Branches were placed .

It grows on the Palifadoes, Trees, Shrubs, and Fields near the Rio Cobre ,
about and below the Town of St.Jago de la V *,ga very plentifully.

Chap. XI*

Of vafculiferous Herbs with pentapetalous Flowers .

I. ^ Iftus urtica folio, flore luteo, vajculis trigonis. Cat. pH 6. Tab. 1 2 7.

m Fig' 4*

11 This Shrub has a Stem as big as ones Thumb, covered with

J a reddilh brown, fmooth Bark, rifing three or four Foot high,
and having many Branches towards the top, fpread thinly on
all hands. They are befet with Leaves and fmall Sprigs. The Leaves are
lome greater, fbme fmaller, thofe largefl Band on an half Inch long Foot-
Stalks, being two Inches and an half long, and one Inch broad in the mid¬
dle where broadeft, notch’d about the edges, hoary or woolly, foft, having
one middle Rib, and feveral tranverfe ones. They are of a yellowilh dark
green colour, and they have a (cent like Ciftus ; and fomewhat refemblc the
Leaves of Cannabis fpuria. On the tops of the Twigs and Branches come
the Flowers (landing in a pentaphyllous Calyx. They are pentapetalous,
yellow, or Orange coloured, very large, and like the Flowers of Gift us,
after which follows a fmall Head, made up of three (Irong cartilagineous
membranes, in which are lodged the Seeds, which are large

It grew between Guanaboa and the Town on the Red Hills very plentifully,
in the Road going to the Angels near the Gate, and in feveral other places of
this Ifland.

II. Cham&c iftus urtiaz folio, flore luteo. Cat p. 87. Tab. 1 27. Fig. 6.

This has a fmall, (Iraight, white, Ihort Root, having lome fmall, white
fibers on each fide, from whence fprings one round, rough Stalk, two Inches
high, having Branches oppofite to one another, and Leaves which are three
quarters of an Inch long, and one J third part of an Inch broad, very deep
cut in on the edges, and rough, like thole of Cannabis fpuria. The Flower
(lands at top, it is very woolly or hairy, furrounded by three or four Leaves.
It is of a deep yellow colour in the inner part, pentapetalous, large, and
making a fine (how. After this follows a fmall Head, made up of three carti¬
lagineous Membranes, inclofing fome large Seeds, of a white colour, very
pleafantly (Iriated, and like thofe of Mallows.

It grows in the Town Savanna after Rain.

III. Chamxciflus canle hirfuto, folio oblongo , anguflo , finuato, flore luteo , pediculo
infidente. Cat.p. 87. Tab. 127. Fig. 7.

This has a wooddy, oblong Root, with feveral lateral fibrils, which fends
up fometimes a fingle, and fometimes two or three wooddy, round Stalks,
about three or four Inches high, being covered with a reddilh coloured hair,
or fmall Prickles, which although they look very fierce, yet I never obferved'

to

The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica.

to prick. The Leaves come out alternation, being about an Inch long, and
one fifth part of an Inch broad in the middle where broadeft, and whence
they decreafe to both extreams, being (omewhat hairy, of a dirty brown
colour, and finuared about the edges. Ex alls foliorum, and at the tops come
•the Flowers each (landing on an half Inch long Foot-Stalk, being yellow,
and after this follows a Seed-Veftel, or Head made after the fame manner,
and containing Seeds as the former.

It grew in the Savanna about the Town, with the former.

r IV. Anagallis ccerulea, portulac£ aquatic a caule & foliis. Cat. p. 87. Tab. 1x9.
Fig. 1.

This (mall repent Plant, has round, fmooth, green, juicy Stalks, which at
joints (trikes into the Earth, (mail, white, hairy fibers, whereby it draws its
Nourilhment, and likewife fmall, green, fucculent Leaves, almoft like thofe
of the Portulaca aquatica, being roundilh, thick, green, fmooth, and very
(mall, without Foot-Stalks, (landing oppofite to one another. Towards the
ends of its fmall Twigs, ex alis foliorum, come out half an Inch long Foot-
Stalks, and on them in a Calyx, confiding of two green Leaves, a pentape-
talous Flower, of a pale blue colour, having fome whitidi Stamina within.
After this follows a great number of very fmall, flat, brown Seeds, inclofed in
a hard, brown Capfula, covered by (bme firft green, afterwards brown Leaves,
which were the Perianthium or Calyx of the Flower.

It grew on the Sea Marfhes near the landing place at Delacrees in
Ltguanee.

V. Alfine Americana nummulary foliis. Herm. par ad. Bat. prod. p. 30 6. par.
Bat. p. 11. Cat.p. 87.

This fort of Chickweed had feveral very fmall, white Strings for its Root,
from whence, on every hand, went feveral round, fmall Stalks, a Foot long,
lying on the furface of the Earth. They were green, and upon ftretching,
like other Alfine s, the Bark breaks, the inward part of the Stalk holding.
At more than an Inches intervals diftance come the Leaves. They are two,
one oppofite to another, Banding on (hort Foot-Stalks, are almoft quite
round, having Nerves, like Plantain, running from the Foot-Stalks end
through the Leaf, each of which is of about one third part of an Inch’s
Diameter. The Flowers come out ex alis foliorum, feveral together (land¬
ing on an Inch long Foot-Stalk. They are made up of many white, long
Petala, as the other Alfine s, to which follows feveral fmall Seeds, like thole
of other duckweeds.

It grew on the low, moift Banks of Rio Cohre, below the Town of St. f ago
de la Vega, and feveral fuch moift ftiady places , in and towards fixteen Mile
Walk, very plentifully.

VI. Alfini affinis foliis belli dis minor is, caule nudo. Cat. p. 87. Tab. 1 29.
Eig. i.

This had a crooked, white Root, with many Hairs to draw its Nourifh-
ment, about an Inch long. The Leaves lay on the (urface of the Earth,
fpread round the Root, being about an Inch long from a narrow beginning,
increafing by degrees to its round end, and very like the Leaves of the
lefier Dafie, only not fo thick nor fucculent, and of a darker green colour.
From the middle of thefe Leaves rifes a four or five Inches long Stalk or
two, without any Leaves, being branched towards the top, which Branches
are divided into (mall Twigs, each whereof fuftains a fmall Head, inclofed
by four whitidi capfular Leaves, there being within them a round, whitidi,
thin Seed- Vefl'el, full of roundidi black Seeds, very fmall. I never found it
in Flower. It

204 The Natural Hi ft ory of Jamaica.

_ . . . _ , - ... i t

It grew on the Tandy places of the Town Savanna, towards two Mile
Wood.

Vil. Portulaca lati folia feu fativa. C.B. fin. Cat. p.Sj.

This grows every where in cultivated Grounds, without being sown, and
agrees in every thing with its Defcription in all Authors.

6 This name Porculaca is thought to come from its feeding Swine.

This with Fern and Bafilicum, are common to Europe and Brafele. Lery.

It has fometimes a notch in the Flowers, or they are bifid.

The whole Plants are boiled, dried in the Sun, and ufed for Winter-

Dirties. Matth.

The Stalks are pickled after drying with Fennel

Verjuice, and Salt.

This is the only Herb common to Maragnan and France. Abbev.

It is Cold in the third, and Moift in the fecond Degree. It is eaten in
Sallads, yields little cold, moift, and grofs Nourilhment, killing Worms,
thickning and cooling the Blood, therefore flopping all its Fluxes. It is
good for the Bladder, extinguilhing Venery. It takes away the pain of
the Teeth fet on edge, and thefe things are done likewife by the Seed.
It helps the Inflammations of the Uterus & anus. Ger.

This beaten with lotura oryza remedies Carbuncles. H. M.

Applied outwardly it cures the Eryfipelas Inflammations , and procures

fleep. Lon.

VIII. Portulaca angujli folia five fylve (Iris. C. B. pin. Cat . p. 87. Pourpier
de Bouton. p. 48. Taicombelahc de Flacourt, p. 126.

It grows in more barren Tandy, and fometimes wet Grounds, and there¬
fore I doubt whether it may not be a variety of the former.

Mr. fames Lancafier ap. Hakl. p. 119. p. 2. relates that being left on the
Ifland Mona, near Efpanola in the Weft-Indies , in great want, the beft relief
they found was in the Stalks of Purfelain boiled in water, and now and
then a Pompion found in the Garden of an old Indian, and that for twenty

nine days they lived To.

IX. Portulaca aizoides maritima procumbens , fiore purpureo. Cat. p. 88. An
Portulaca Carajfavica anguflo longo lucidoque folio procumbens fioribus rulris.
plttken. Aim. p. 303 ? Comm. Port. Amft.p, 9 ? Sampier.

This has many thick, juicy, round, red, frequently jointed Stalks, lying
on the furface of the ground on every hand. The Branches and Leaves come
at the joints, the latter being an Inch and an half long, like the Chryfanthe-
rnum aizoides, triangular, very juicy, faltirti in taft, like Sampier, not un-
pleafant and very fucculent. Ex alls foliorum come the Flowers, which are
pentapetalous. The Petals are thick, of a purple colour varying fome¬
times to white, (landing Star-faftiion, with purple Stamina in the middle,
and looking very pretty. After thefe follow many fmail, roundilh, com-
prefs’d Seeds, having a little defed* in the middle, being of a (hining black
colour, like the grains of Gunpowder, or other the Seeds of Portulaca , in-
dofed’in a hexaphyllous Cup, with a clay colour’d cover to it, breaking
horizontally, as other the Portulaca.

It varies very much in bignefsin feveral places.

It grows on the fait marlhy Grounds near Paflage Fort, old Harbour, on
the Cay os off of Port Royal, and other fuch places very plentifully.

’Tis pickled, and eat as Englifh Sampier.

The Leaves are preferv d with Vinegar and Brine, as Sampier, Solda-
ntlla , &c. and are eaten as a Pickle. P if.

X. P«r-

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

X. Portulaca aizoides maritima erettx. Cat. p. 88.

This has feveral Branches fpread round, reddifli, and as thick as ones
little Finger, cornered, and fet with Twigs, at a third part of an Inches di-
ftance round the Stalk, mounting upright a Foot high. The Leaves are
almod triangular, two Inches long, and one twelfth part of an Inch broad,
pyramidal, very^green, tailing like others of this Kind. I did not oblerve
its Flower or Seeds, but believe them like the former.

It grew on the Tandy Shore near Paflage Fort.

XI. T or tulac a ere ft a fedi minoris facie, capitulo tomentofo. Cat. p. 88. Tab. no.
Fig. 3.

This has fmall, white, flringy Roots, which fend up feveral round, fmooth,
reddilh Stalks, four Inches high, having many fmall, round Leaves, like
thofe of the Sedum minus foliis teretibus, about half an Inch long, and
having at their tops feven or eight Leaves, encompafling feveral Flowers in
a downy Wooll, after which follow, in a Capfula, like that of Purflan, fe-
veral fmall, black Seeds, like thole of that Plant.

It grows in the dry Savannas after Rain.

This differs very much from the Portulaca Curaffavica lanuginofa, frc.
Plukenet. Phyt. Tab. 107. Fig. 4. Alm.p. 303. though the Do&or thinks them
the fame in his Mantiffa, p. 1 54.

In the Figure the Leaves on the Stalk are not taken notice of.

XII. Portulaca. facie maritima fruticofa erePta amaricans. Cat. p. 27. An por¬
tulaca American* erePta floribus albis. Par ad. Bat. Commel. hort. Amfi. part. 1.
p. 7 ? An portulaca marina latifolia, flare fuave rubente. Plum . Tournef. Inflj
p.^6>

This in every thing was like Purflan, only larger, and growing more up¬
right. It had a long, deep, round Root, and feveral lateral fibrils went in¬
to the fandy, loofe Earth, thence drawing its Nourifhmenr. The Stalk was
reddilh, as thick as ones little Finger, fucculent, rifing to at lead two Foot
high, having Branches thick fet with Leaves, without any order, about an
Inch and an half long, and three quarters of an Inch broad near the end
where it was broadeff, and round, being at the beginning narrow, and
from no Foot-Stalk increafing to that breadth. It is juicy, has one middle
Rib, and a very unfavoury bitterifh tad. What was its Flower or Seed I did
not obferve, and fo cannot be pofitive that it belongs to this place.

It grew on Gun Cayos near Port Royal.

XIII. Portulaca affinis folio fubrotundo fucculento, flore pentapetalo dilute purpu-
reo. Cat. p. 89. Portulaca Ccrajfavica procumlcns Capparidis folio, flore mufeefo,
capfula hi fur cat a. Herm. par. Bat. p.ziy. Horle-Purdane.

This has trailing, juicy, round, fmooth, green Branches, three Foot long,
lying on the furface of the Ground, round the top of the Root, beingjointed,
fwell’d at each joint, and branch’d every Inch and half, there being two lit¬
tle Branches fet againd one another, on which dand the Leaves oppofite to
one another, on an Inch long Foot-Stalks, being roundifh, of about an Inch
Diameter, and not altogether fo fucculent as thole of Purflane. The Flowers
are pentapetalo us, of a light purple colour refembling thole of Mallows,
The Seeds are fomething flat, and round, being black, and contained in a
green, oblong Capfula.

It grows by the Kings Houfe, and in feveral places in the Streets of the
Town of Sl Jago de la V tga, after Rains.

This differs extreamly from Patulaca ftmilis planta India orientalis, &c,

G g g Plukenet*

20(5 The Natural Pliftory of Jamaica.

flukenet. Phyt. Tab. 206. Fig. 3. though the Do&or in his Mantijf. p. 155.
thinks they may be the fame.

XIV. Linum [candens fiore dilute furfur eo femine trzangulari. Cat. p 89. Tab.
130. Fig- 1. An Linum farmentofum , feu volubile Jamaicantim , fiore cxruleo .
Pluken. Aim- f. 2x4 ?

This has a round, hoary, fmall Stalk, turning and winding its felf about
any Plant it comes near, and riling three or four Foot high, having Leaves
at every Inches difiance, Handing on an eighth part of an Inch long Foot-
Stalks, being three quarters of an Inch long, and half an Inch broad near
the Bafe where broadefi, and whence they decreafe, ending in a point,
a little hairy, and of a dark green colour. Ex alis foliorum come out fe-
veral Flowers, Handing on very Ihort, crooked Foot-Stalks. They Hand
Star falhion, are pentapetalous, and of a pale purple colour, after which fol¬
lows a fmall, brown, roundilh Head, like that of Flax, divided into feveral
Cells, and containing Seeds almofl triangular, being round on one fide, flat
on the others, and of a light brown colour.

There is another fort of this, or rather variety, being much larger in
Flowers, &c. They being of a white colour.

It grows, though rarely, in the Savannas, amongfl the prickly Pears ; but
is frequent on the Red Hills in the way to Guanaboa.

XV. Apocynum erettum fruticcfum, fiore luteo maxima & fpeciofifjimo. Cat.
f. 89. Tab. 130. Fig. 2. Savanna Flower.

This rifes three or four Foot high by a wooddy, branch’d Stalk, covered
near the Root with a brown, fmooth Bark, like that on Birch-Twigs. The
Twigs at top have green Bark, and feveral Leaves, two always Handing op-
pofed one to another, on one third part of an Inch long Foot-Stalks. They
are Oval, yellow ilh green in colour, fmooth, two Inches long, and three
quarters of an Inch broad. Ex alis foliorum towards the tops of the
Branches come out feveral long, wooddy Foot-Stalks, fupporting each a yel¬
low monopetalous Flower, whofe margin has five deep notches in it. After
thefe follow two Pods fee like Bulls Horns, very fender in refpetfi of the
others of this Kind, and long, containing many brown Seeds with much
Down, refcmbling in every thing the other Species of this Kind. The whole
Plant is very Milky.

It grows in the Savannas everywhere, and is in Flower moH part of the.
year, making a very pleafant fight.

XVI. Apocynum erettum folio oblongo, fiore umbellate, fetalis coccineis reftexis.
Cat. f. 89. Tab. 129. Fig. 4, 5. Apocynum Curaffaviaim fibre fa radice floribus
aurantiis Chamanerii foliis anguftioribus. Herm. far. Bat. prod p. 213. par. Bat.
f. 3 6. An Apocynum petraum ramofum, falicis folio venofo, ftliqux medio tumente
Virginianum Pluk. Almag. f. 2 6 ? Phyt. Tab. 261. Fig. 3 * Apocynum Hyfica-
nenfe ereclnm, falicis foliis anguftioribus vel latioribus. PJort. Beaumont?

This has flrong and deep Roots feveral Inches long, and by the many
fibers, they have, draw copious Nourilhment to the Plant, which has feveral
Stalks freight, three or four Foot high, jointed at every Inch, four fquare,
the Leaves coming out at the joints oppofite to one another. They are long,
and of a dark green colour. At the top is a Foot-Stalk, fuHaining many*
Flowers umbel-falhion’d, every one being pentapetalous. The Petala are
turn’d down reflected, or bow’d back. The Stylus Handing up in the middle
of them is yellow, the Petala are of a very fine fcarlet colour. The Pods follow,
which are three Inches long, roundilh, as big as ones Finger in the middle,
and tapering to both extreams. The membrane is firH green, but turns

brown.

v

The Natural Hifiory of Jamaica. 207

brown, and contains, when opened, a great many flat, round, thin, brown
Seeds, with much Silk Cotton flicking to their ends, in which they lie,
fattened to a middle, white, fofc membrane, dividing each Pod. All the
parts of this Plant are very milky.

Jt grows very plentifully in the Road between Paflage-Fort and the Town,
as alio in moft Ditches and Failures about the Town.

It is very troublelome to Planters, fowling their Failures, and fpreading
its felf therein much againft their will, and to their damage by means of
its winged Seed.

The Figure of this in Dr. Hermans Paradifus Batavus is not very good.

XVII. Apocynum fruticofum fcandens , geniftx Hifpanicx facie , floribus la tie is
odor at is. Cat. p. 8 9. Tab. 1 3 1 . Fig. 1 .

This has near its Root a Stem as big as ones little Finger, covered with an
alh*co!oured Bark, having (bme fuperlicial black Sulci in it. The Stalk is
divided into very many round, green Branches, like to SpanifJ) Broom, which
turning round Trees, or leaning on any thing they come near, rife to
fometimes thirty Foot high. At every two or three Inches diftance to¬
wards the top, it has two fmall two Inches long Twigs let oppofite one
to the other at a little joint, each of which has Leaves let likewile oppo¬
fite one to the other, (landing on an eighth part of an Inch long Foot-
Stalks, being Oval an Inch long, half as broad, a little hairy or like velvet,
and of a Grals green colour. Six or eight Flowers (land at top umbell-fafhion
to gether, their Inch long Foot-Stalks coming from the ends of the Twigs,
as from a common Center. They are each of them pentapetalous, the edges
of the Petala being hairy, the Stamina are live, (landing up in the middle,
whofe round ends are reflected inwards, all of a milk white colour, fmelling
fweer, and looking very pleafantly. The Seeds are many, brown and flat,
lying in a filkdown like other the Apocynums , all of them being lodged in
an Inch long pyramidal Sheath, Pod, or Capftla, which opens on one fide, let¬
ting the Seeds fly out .* two of thefe Pods being ufually fet oppofite like
Horns, as the others of this Kind.

The whole Plant is very milky.

It grows on (ome Palifadoes about the Town of St. Jago de la Vega, and
on the Trees of the Tandy Banks of the Rio Cobre below the Town, on the
fame fide of the River.

It is very plain, by this Defcription and Figure, that this cannot be the
Apccynum fcandens anguflo rerifmarini folio, &c. Plnkenet . Aim. p. 37. Phyt.
Tab. 261. Fig. 2. The Docflor, p. 17. of his Man tiff a doubts if it may not
be the fame.

XViII. Apocynum fcandens majus folio fubrotundo. Cat p. 89. Tab. 13 1. Fig.
2. An Apocynum fcandens Malabaricum fruticcfum floribus nerii Cariophyllos
rcdolentibus . Herm. par. Bat. p. 6i ?

This has a round, dark brown, and deep Root, (ending out one or more
round and green Stalks, which wind and turn themfelves about any Plant
or Shrub they come near, rifing to fix Foot high, and at about each three
or four Inches diftance are joints, out of which come Leaves, and fome¬
times Branches fet one againft another. The Leaves have a quarter of an
Inch long Foot-Stalk, are almoft round, two Inches Diameter, a little curled,
of a very frefh green colour and feiooth. Between them and the Stalk, ex
alts folio rum, comes a half Inch long Foot-Stalk, fuftaining a great many
pentapetalous Flowers, each Flower (landing in a contorted, greenilh Calyx,
which is long, its or a being divided into five parts. There is between each
of the Petala or Sections, a fmall diftance, they (landing fparfe From

ono

2 o 8 The Natural Hi [lory of Jamaica.

one another, and each of them beginning very narrow, are at their ends
round and broad; a little indented about the edges. After thefe follow large
taper Pods Handing like Horns, agreeing in every thing with thofe of the
other Apocynum s.

It grows in the edges of the Woods in the Town Savannas, and in feveral
other places of this llland, as well as the Caribes.

XIX. Apocynum minus fcandens, flore albo, flngulis fetalis, viridi Jlria notatis.
Cap. p. 89.

The Stalk of this is near the Root, round, as big as a Hens* Quill, of an
afh colour, turning and winding its felf round any Tree or Shrub it comes
near, and rifing four or five Foot high ; towards the top on its Branches are
many Leaves fet in Tufts on oppofite fides of the Stalk. They have a quar¬
ter of an Inch long Foot-Stalks, are an Inch long, and one quarter of an
inch broad, towards an Oval fhape though pointed, of a deep green colour,
and fmooth. The Flowers come out ex alls foliorum, being feveral, taking
original from the fame Center, viz. an eighth part of an Inch long Foot-
Stalk. They are pentapetalous, long, fmall, and white, with a green Break
in the middle of each of the Fet ala , and yellowilh Stamina in the middle.
After which follows in a pyramidal Husk or Seed-Veflel made up of one
membrane, Seeds, lying in a filken Down both Seeds and Seed- VefTels, being
exactly like thofe of the other Apocynums only fmaller.

All parts of this Plant are very milky.

It grew in the Town Savanna among the Ebonies.

XX. Apocyno affine , Gelfemimm Indicum hederacettm herbaceum tetrapbyllum, folio
fubrotundo acuminato. Cat. p. 90. Ffeudo apocynum femine compreflo & alato fe-
cundum, claviculatum tetraphyllum Barbadienfe, fore luteo tuber of 0 inodoro breviori-
lus foliis. Bob. hift.Ox. p. 3. p-.-6-iz. Bignonia Americana, capreolis aduncis or-
nata filiqua longijfima. Tournefort. In ft. p. 164.

This had a wooddy Stalk, about the bignefs of a Hens -Quill, covered
with a fmooth Bark of an afh colour, climbing any Trees or Hedges it came
near, at about three or four Inches diftance putting forth Leaves Handing op¬
pofite to one another on an half Inch long Foot-Stalks. The Leaves were
fhining, round ifh, about an Inch and an half long, and near as broad near
the middle where broadeft, fmooth, and fometimes, though rarely, in¬
dented about the edges. At the ends of the Foot-Stalks came out fmall
r apreoli, by which it took hold of any thing it came near.

It grew in the llland of Barbados very plentifully every wrhere.

XXI. Nummular ia minima flore albo. Cat. p. 90. Tab. 131. Fig. 3.

This little Plant has feveral creeping Stalks, and many trailing Branches,
with which it covers large fpots of Ground. The Branches are round,
brown, fmall, and take hold by fibrous Roots of the furface of the Earth.
The Branches ends are fet very thick with Leaves alternatively, they are
round, and like thofe of Nummular ia minor flore purpurafcente, C B. only
fmaller. The Flowers come out ex alls foliorum, Hand on a fhort Foot-
Stalk, are whitilh, pentapetalous, with fome Stamina in the middle, in a
green oblong Calyx.

It grows very copioufly in the Savanna near the Town of St. Jago de la
Vega, in thofe places where Rain has flood after a wet Seafon.

XXII. Nummularia faxatilis minima repens, foliis crenatis villofis, floribus
albis. Cat. p.90. Tab. 13 1. Fig. 4. An Fitts Idaa paluftris Americana foliis par*'
vis circinatis, elegant iffime crenatis ex infula Jaimaicana. Tlukenet. Almp . 391/*

This

1

The Natural Hiftory 0/Jamaica.

This fmall repent Plant has very fmall Hairs for Roots, which it flrikes out
at its joints. The Stalks are (mall, round, hairy, jointed at every half
Inch, from whence come out on an eighth part of an Inch long Foot-Stalks,
round, fmall Leaves of a pale green colour, rough, of about a quarter of an
Inch Diameter, fnipt about the edges. Towards, and at the tops come the
Flowers in a tufFt together, being very fmall and white, but whether they
belong properly to this place or no, I know not.

It grows on the fides of Rocks, which it covers, among the Mountains
near Hope River in Liguanee , by Mr. Elletfons Plantation.

This is extreamly different from the Nummular ia major rigidioribus & ra~
rius crenatis foliis , &c. Plukenet. Aim. p. 2.^4. though the Dodfor in his
Mantifl. p. 136. thinks they may be the fame.

XXIII. Tribulus terrejlris major, fore maxima odor at 0. Cat.p. 90. Tab. i%z.
Fig. 1.

From a pretty ilraight and deep Root fpring a great many Foot and an
half long trailing Branches, fpread every way on the lurface of the Ground,
from the top of the Root, as from a Center. The Stalks are round, fuc-
culent, brittle and thick, from whence go feveral Branches let with winged
Leaves. The Pinna are generally fix, or three pair, of a dark green colour,
the furthermoft pair being largeft. The Flowers come oiit towards the ends
of the Branches, are of a pale Orange, or yellow colour, pentapetalous, very
large, and fmelling fweet. After which follows a fmall prickly Head, with
a long procefs fomething like to the Geranium Seeds, only thefe are fee
with very ftrong prickles, though not very lharp on the largeft fide, or
that part of the Seed neareft the Stalk.

It grows in the Streets of the Town of St Jago de la Vega , and in rocky
or gravelly Grounds in moft Plantations in the ifland.

A Salve is made of this Herb with Suet, good for the Ringworm, a
frequent Diftemper in this place.

The European Kind is adftringent, and good for all Inflammations. J. B.

This feems to differ much from the Tribulus terrejlris major Carafavicus .
Harm, in not being fo large, nor having fo many Wings in its Leaves.

XXIV. Urtica folio anomala, ficre pentapetalo purpureo, fruclu pentacocco
muricato. Cat. p. 90. Tab. 131. Fig.z.

From a redifh, round, deep, oblong Root, come feveral round, green, tough
Branches, about fix Inches high, along which come out feveral fmall Leaves
oval, fnipt or deeply cut in on the edges, fmooth, and Banding on a fmall
Foot-Stalk. Between them and the Stalk comes out a fmall, pentapetalous,
purplilh Flower, Banding on a very fmall, reddifh Foot-Stalk, and having
one large Stylus, which in fbme time grows to be red, large, and afterwards
rough and brown, it is pentacoccous, or divided into five CelluU, containing
each ablackilh Seed, and all are pendulous, or inclining towards the Ground.

It grows among the Grafs in the Town Savanna.

XXV. GratioU affinis frutefeens Americana , foliis agerati feu veronica ereffa
major is. Breyn. prod. z. p. 5 4. Cat. p. 90. Cap r aria Curaffavica & Cabritta
vulgo. Herm. par. Bat. p. no. An Tsjeru parva. Hort. Mai. part. 10. p. 105 >
Tab. 53 ? Weft-Ind'ta Thea.

Several fmall two Inches long brown Roots united, fend up a Stem three or
four Foot high, wooddy, covered with a fmooth clay coloured Bark, and
having feveral Branches, which are very thick fet towards their tops with
Leaves round their Stalks, without any order. Each Leaf is an Inch long, and
not over an eighth part of an Inch over at top where broadeft, haying no Foot-

H h h Stalky

!

210

The Natural Hijlory <?/ Jamaica.

Stalk, but beginning very narrow, and augmenting to that breadth r Suc¬
culent, of a deep green colour, fmooth, having notches or incifures into the
Leaves like thofe of Senecio, or great Daifie. Ex alts foltorum comes the
Flowers (landing on a fliort Foot-Stalk, being fmall, white, and the margin
very deeply divided into five parts. After which follows a great many very
fmall brown Seeds, (landing in an oblong, cylindrical, four cornered, brown
Qapfula, divided into two parts. Of this there is a variety, being (mailer.

It grows in the Savanna, and about the Houfes of the Town of St. Jags

de la Vega, very plentifully.

Why fome give it the name of Thea, I cannot imagine.

It grows in Greece wild, and is call’d Cufermont by the Turks. Wheeler
apud D. Plnkenet. It is call’d Cabrita by thofe of Curasao, becaufe Goats
feed on it. id.

Chap; XII*

Of Herbs which are of the Ifjndred of Umbelliferous Hants.

' Alerianella folio fubrotundo , fore purpureo, femine oblongo, ftria~
to, afpero. Cat. p. 91. Hogweed.

The Root is fingle, very (Irong and deep, fending forth
many Branches, lying along the furface of the Earth, on e-
very fide for a Foot or two in Diameter. The Stalks are
red, round, fucculent, like thofe of Purflane, jointed. At every joint are two
Branches, and Leaves oppofite one to another, fet on one third part of an
Inch long red Foot-Stalks. They are almoft round, three quarters of an
Inch Diameter, fucculent, green with purple, and now and then curled
edges, andsTmooth, on the tops of the Branches are a great many purple or
Icarlet Flowers, (et clofe by one another in the fame Head, and after them
fucceed fo many brown, oblong, (Iriated, and very rough Seeds.

It grows in gravelly Low Lands about the Town, and in mod gravelly
Soils in all the Plantations of the Ifland.

Hogs feed on this Herb with much delight : whence ’tis gather’d, and
brought to them to their Styes to fatten them.

II. Valeri anella alfines folio fcandens, fioribus pallide luteis pyxidatis in Um -
belU modtmi difpofit is, femine afpero Cat. p. 91. An V alerianella Caraffavica
femine afpero vifcofo ? Herm. par. Bat. prod. p. 382. par. Bat. Plukenet. Ph)t.
Tab. 133. Fig. 7 An Pfeudovaleriana Curafavica femine afpero vifcofo. Bob.
Hi ft. Ox. part. 3. p. 10$ ?

The lower part of the main Stem of this Plant is as big as ones Arm,
having a furrowed white Bark. The Stalk takes hold of any Palifadoe or
Tree it comes near, and branches at the top, it rifing (even or eight
Feet high. The Branches are many, round, red or green, and brittle,
hanging downwards The Leaves come out at the joints, and are in every
thing like thole of our greater fort of Chickweed. The tops of the Twigs
fend out feveralRaies or Foot-Stalks, as from their common Center, like the
Umbdliferx, fufiaining each one (mall, greenifh yellow Flower, like a fmall
Cup, being round, undivided, and almoft like Mufcus pyxidatus in (hape.
After which comes a fmall, long, brown Seed, almoft like thofe of fome
Umbcllifem, growing larger from the beginning to the top, and being a
little rough. It

2

The Natural Hifiory of Jamaica.

It grows every where about Falifadoes , and among Shrubs in the Sa¬
vanna’s.

I think every body will agree with me, that this is rather a VAerianella
than a Solanum bacciferum, notwithftanding Dr. Plukenef. s contrary Opi¬
nion in his Mant.p. 173.

III. Dentellaria Lychnioides fylvatica [can dent flore albo. Cat. p. 91. Tab. 133,
Fig. 1. Plumbago Americana viticulis longioribus fempervirentibus ex Vera
Cmce. Hort. Reg. Hampton. Bobart. part. 3. Hifi. Ox. p. 59 9. An plumbago
(forte) Americana ex conjeclura D.Sherard. Pluken . Phyt. Tab. 311. Fig. 1 ?
An Chilmecatl feu Tcba. Hern. p. 140.

The Stalks of this Plant are round, jointed, Ihining, green, wooddy,
crooked, rifing three or four Foot high, when its weak Branches are fup-
ported by Shrubs, among which it ufually grows. The Leaves come out on
the Branches without any Foot-Stalks, being thin, fmooth, for the moft
part roundifh, and about two Inches over, though fometimes oblong, like
the Leaves of the commom Dentellaria. The tops of the Branches are fet
with Flowers Spike- falhion, without any Foot-Stalks , but join’d to the
Stalk by a rough, or almoft prickly, vifcous, ftriated, green Calyx, in which
is plac’d a white pentapetalous Flower, like the Flowers of the Lychnis ' fylv.
flore albo, after which follows one large four-fquare, brown Seed, in a rough,
vifcid Capfula.

It grows in the Woods, or among Shrubs every where, and very plenti¬
fully on each fide of the Road, between Pajfage Fort, and St. fag 0 dz la
Vega.

IV. Admrabilis Peruana rubro flore. Cluf rar. pi. hi (l . Cat. p. 91. jalap a
flore purpureo. Tournefort. Infl. p. 129. The four a Clock Flower.

It is frequent every where in the Woods and Plantations that are often
watered with Rain , and ufually opens its Flower about four a Clock,
whence the name. It has in this Ifland, for the mod: part a fcarlet or purple
Flower.

At Barbados I was told by a perfon knowing in thefe matters, that its
Root was Mechoacan or Jalap ; but this I fuppofe came from its purging water,
which it does fuccefsfully, and cures the Dropfie, as Pifo relates.

The Flowers yield a tin&ure for painting Women withal. Pifo.

Cortufrt hath found out that two Drams of the Root, doth very notably
purge waterilh humours. Cluf.

The Roots are moift and cold, wherefore they are eaten, and outwardly
applied to cool. Some fay the Root of that Kind, with varioufly colour’d
Flowers to two Drams, purges water. Hern.

The red Flower’d ones Seed fown brings always red Flowers. Cluf

Plumier and Lignon, told Mr. Tournefort that the Jalap of the Shops was
not^different from his Jalap a Officinarum Frutfu rugofo.

V. Agrimonia lappacea inodor a, folio fubrotundo dent at 0. Cat.p.yz.

This rifes to four or five Foot high, being divided into feveral fmaller
Branches towards the top, which are befet with fevetal Leaves without any
order, (landing on half an Inch long rough Foot-Stalks. They are almoft
round, though a little pointed, with two Lacinia or finuations, being an Inch
long and three quarters of an Inch broad at Bafe, where broadeft, in¬
dented round the edges, woolly, of a deep green colour above, and paler
below, having feme eminent Ribs going from the Center of the Foot-Stalk
through the Leaf. The Flowers (land on the tops of the Branches in a

Spike,

212

2 he Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

SDike are yellow, the PeteU being long and like thole of our European
Agrimonv only narrower. After thefe follow on a crooked Foot-Stalk,
leveral brown round Burs, thick fet with hooked prickles, flicking to any

th*lt& grows^about^the Town o( Sc. jf ago it U Vega, and in feveral other ^

P'ai?n5 Catalogue" I plac’d this amongft the Plants of the Kindred of the
UMliUr. t as moft of the beft Botanifts have done before me, fo that
Dr. Pllkemt might have fav'd himfelf the trouble of his long Paragraph upon
this occafion in p.112. and 113. of his Mantjfja.

VI. Cotyledon aqmtica. Cat. f. 93- *-**“*■ <£*
pduftribus folio peltato repens Americana & neflras.Fluken. Alm.f. 314. ae
ZldU cognata folio cotyledonis. Hern,. far. Bat. Cat. f. 13. Hyimotyl, Vnl-

half Inch of a round, fmaURoot, creeping under the fur-
face of the Earth, at the joints, are a great many very Email hairy, blackiih
fibers by ‘which the Plant is nourillied, and from the fame places are fent up
the Leaves and Flowers Foot-Stalks, which are fometimes one, fometimes
more round, greenilh, and four Inches long. The Leaves are round, thick
finuated on the edges, fmooth, of an Inch Diameter, very green their Foot-
Stalk entring in thfir very Center, from whence fome Nerves are fent tothe
Circumference. The Flowers (land clofe together round their Foot StalKs
end They are many, all near join’d to one another on almo no oot-

Stalks and are of a greenilh colour. In a lhort time appear the Seeds be-
oralks, a b parfnep.Seeds, ftriatcd, and ftanding on Foot-

Stalks, taking their beginning from the great Foot-Stalks end, like' the

Um\ cm obferve no difference between this and Cotyledon equation Joannis

^Jt grows in feveral places along the mold Banks of the Rio Coin, in
moftMarllies or wet Grounds in the Caymanes, and other places of this

111 This-Plant is lharp to the tall, and has been taken by fome of the Plan¬
ters in place of Scurvygtafs, by ufing its diftill’d water as Spirit of Scurvy-

g‘ kS has fubtle and hot parts, pleafant and Aromatick to the raft, hs chicf
Vertues are in the Roots, which are opening. They open Obftrudh-
Is of Liver and Reins, and help a hot Coatoo^fo tl
is more proper. The juice of the green Leaves is efteem
a famous Antidote, and they procure Vomit with it, as we do with the juice

’the marks called Os Bgaio, by the Partnguefe,

which I fuppofe are Liver marks. Marcgr.

Gerard fays that it was called Sheeps Bane by the Husbandmen for that it
kill’d the Sheep feeding on it, and therefore is angry with Apothecaries for
ufing it for Wall-Penniwort alledging it would be more pernicious to Men

th“ Wand Dei. tell us that they ufed it for Cotyledon in the Ung. Pofub.

both for ignorance and want of the true Cotyledon.

It is lharp and exulccrating, therefore not to be ufed, or called Cotyledon,

called White- Rot, becaufe it kills Sheep feeding on it, Parke

Chap.

The Natural Hifiory ^Jamaica.

2I3

Chap. XIII.

Of Plants that are rough leav’d, called Alperifolix.

I.

Ehotropium arbor eum, mar it imam, tomentofim , Gnaphalii Ameri-
cant foliis. Cat.p. 93. [

This rofe to a Mans heighth, had a ftraight Stem or
Trunc, wooddy, firm, and folid, as big as ones thumb
with a pretty large Pith, a Bark all covered over with
Down or T omentum, fmooth and white. Towards the top it had many
Branches going out on every Hand, which are very thick fet with a great
number of Leaves round them, being each of them three Inches long and
not over an eighth part of an Inch broad near the round top, where broad-
eit, being at the beginning narrow, and increafing to that place. They are
lucculent, thick, and covered over with very much white Down, looking
omething like the Leaves of the Gnaphalium Americanum. The tops
are branched out into feveral Spikes of white Flowers, contorted like a
Scorpions Tail, or the Heliotropes, to which in every thing they are

It grew on a Tandy Bay to the Eaftward of Bridgetown in Barbados, and
on the Sea fide between Paffage Fort and Old Harbour in Jamaica.

II. Heliotr opium maritimum minus, folio glaucojore albo. Cat. p. 94. Tab
jjz. tig. 3. Heliotr, opium Americanum minus glabrum folio anrulio ^'vlauco
Brejn. prod.z. p. 5* 5. Heltotropium Americanum procumbens facie dim umbili-
can. Harm, par Bat p. 183 Heltotropium monofpermim Indicum procumbens
glaucophyUon fleribus albis. Plukenet. Phyt. Tab.36. Fig , 3. Almag.p.iSz. An
Totecf JFochiuh. Hernandez,, p. 43 z ? Wild Sampier. 6 r

Tte has feveral three or four Inches long Roots, white, and when
united fending up three or four Branches of the fame length. The Stalks
of it are round, green, juicy, and white, on the furface. The Leaves are
fee very thick in Tufts, feme fmaller, and others bigger, beinr an Inch
long, and a quarter of an Inch broad in rhe middle where broadeft juiev
pale green, covered over with a white Meal, glaucous, being like the
Leaves of Ed, urn maritimum, P. IS. or Cerinthe. Towards the tops of
the Branches Hand the Flowers. They are many on the upperf.de of the
Stalk, white, and turn d like a Scorpions Tail, or thofc of the other

/ i £ 1 1 Ot Y Oy 6 S a

Ic grows in Salt matlhy Grounds near the Sea-ftde, by the Canoes old
Harbour and Paffage Fort. 3 ' ora

. When 1 printed my Catalogue of Jamaica Plants, I did not think Dodor
Flukenet had any where figured this Plant, neither Ihould I now (his figure
being not very exad) did he not fay fo in his Man, iff*, p. ,0o.’ where he
blames me for taking the fynonimous names I have in my Catalogue from
h.s Phytograpbta, whereas he has none there but his own name, and one out

o{ Brcjnms fecond Prodromtu , which was not then taken notice of by me
and therefore is not mentioned. - J 3

WMQh!ytr°tiMm Amricanum C(Eruleum> folHs hormini. Do dart. Cat. p. 94.

Tte

1

<1

214

The Natural Biftory of Jamaica.

•fThe atocl? The £$£2*3 X£%S£tc£

of^the Branches, an'd turned Uke a Scorpions Tail, like the other Heliotropes.

AfIcr grows h'™ ‘* Kg* very plentifully in Jamaica,

“I^StdTviJ "dating quality is good againft
Wounds and Ulce'rs; it islikewifegood againft mold hot Cutaneous Dtfeafcs.

r>!\f this be the Bena-patfu. hi. M. the Authors of that Book fay that boil¬
ed in Coconut-Oil, it cures the Difeafe called Vital by drying, and is given
in the poyfonous bites of the great Fox Jakhaljen.

IV. Miotnpmm Caratfwicum hrmini filiis angufimbm r. Hurt. Beaumont.

C4This9was larger than the precedent, having Leaves on its Stalk, ufually
taking their original oppofiteto one another, being narrow at the beginning,
and pointed at fheir ends, not fo rough as the precedent, ^ blunt as it but
more glabrous or fmooth. TheSpikes fometimes come oppofite to the Leaves,

and are tenderer than tliofe of the precedent.

It grew in one of the Caribes, where I foundit.

V. Heliotropium minus, Litbofpermi filiis. Cat. p. 95. Tab. ij%. Fig. 4.
This Plant refembles very much the Uthfpirmm arvenfe rad, a rue a C. B.
only ’tis fmaller. It has a fmall ftraight root, dark brown colour d, from
whence fprings up one Stalk, three or four Inches high, divided into fo many
Branches, which are bowed or reflex d like a Scorpions Tail, or the other
Heliotropes. The Leaves come out alternatively, and are like thole of
Grommil, only fmaller. The Flowers are white pentapetalous and placd
like thole of the other Heliotropes. After which follow the Seeds, four be¬
ing always together, each of which is almoft triangular, of a dark brown

C°ltU grows very" plentifully every where in j the Town Savanna’s after
Rain.

Chap.

The Natural Hijlory of Jamaica. 215

Chap. XlV.

Of Herbs commonly accounted to have many naked Seeds.

FOR the Tribe of Mallows ’tis very large, and to be divided here
into three diftindl Divifions. The firft that of Mallows, where
the Seeds have flicking to them their outward membrane very
clofe. The other, or fecond, where this membrane is fomething
laxer, or a Follicle, which are properly call’d Ahutila. The
third contains the Alcere, where thefe Follicles are not disjoined as in the
others, but contiguous to one another. All thefe come near to the Multi-
filiquofe Tribe.

Mallows, according to fome, are properly roundifh leav’d. Alee at thofe
whole Leaves are cut, and Althea thofe whole Leaves are hoary.

I. Malva arlorea , folio rotundo, cortice in funes daffili, fore miniato maxi-
mo liliaceo. Cat. p. 95. Tab. 1 3 4. Fig. 1,2,3. The Mahot or Mangrove-
Tree.

The Roots of this Tree are many, round, white, and long, entering the
furface of the Earth, and not running very deep Several Truncsas big as
ones Thigh, rife up to about fifteen or twenty Foot high. Their outward
Barkis very white, and almoft fmooth, the inward is yellowilh when frefh,
and red when dry, and then very tough, and ferves to make Ropes.
The Leaves Hand, at the ends of the Branches, on four Inches long Foot-
Stalks, being cordated, or almoft round, of about five Inches Diameter, a
little indented on the edges, foft, fmooth, of very dark green colour, and
having the Veins apparent, running from the Foot-Stalks end, as from a
common Center, through the fcveral parts of the Leaf The Flowers come
out of the ends of the Twigs, (landing in a pentaphyllous, green, hoary
Capfula, they are pentapetalous, each of the Pet ala being two inches long,
and of a red colour, inclofing a red Peftle or Stylus of the fame length,
on which are many Stamina, the whole Flower looking like a red Lilly. Af¬
ter thefe follow brown Seeds , of the ill ape, and plac’d like thofe of
Mallows, only much larger. Tab. 134. Fig. 1. fhews the Leaf, Fig. 2. the
Flower, and Fig. 3. a piece of the inward Bark, whereof are made the
Ropes.

It grew in Colonel Bourden s Plantation, as well as in many of the inland
moil! parts of this Ifland.

'Tis chiefly ufeful by its Bark, which is peel’d off, and made into Ropes
of all forts, for the ufe of the Ifland.

The Bark is taken off the Branches with Knives , then beat with a
Mallet ’till the firft grofs one be feparated from the fecond : of the more
grofs is made Cords of the other Britches, for the Negroes and Slaves.
Cauche.

II. Malva arlorea maritima, folio [ulrotundo minore acuminate fubtus Candida,
cortice in funes duSHli, fore luteo. Cat. p. 93. Tab. 1 3 4. Fig. 4. Mahault do
Bouton . p. 68. An Ampoufoutchi de Flacourt, p. 144 ? Malva arlorea Indica ,
abutili foliis argentea , fub externo cortice tenediophoros, & fmmis ram’ts radi -
cofa. Plitk. Mant.p.y 5. An Arbor Americana Tatnidiophoros, vittas & tanio-
las plurimas tramo [ericas feinvicem incumbent es , longitudinals er fub externo
cortice ferens. Eiufd. Aim. p. 4r. A Mahot of Ogilby. Amer. p. 348. & 377*

Maho-

2 1 6 The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

• !•
i

Maho-Tree, or Shrub of Dampier, cap. 3. The Sea Mahot or Mangrove-

’Tis the fame in every refped with the former, only the Leaves arc fmal-
ler, of a whiter green colour, and a little pointed. 1 he underfide being,
very white. The Flowers are of jthe fame lhape but yellow, and the Seeds
£irc the isrnc*

It grows by the Sea-fide near Captain Draxe s Plantation, in the North
fide of the Ifland in St. Anns, very plentifully.

The Bark is of the fame ufe with the former.

The Ropes made of the Bark of this Tree, are ufed to tye the Human
Bodies they in Brafile defign to kill for Sacrifices. Lery Linfchot.

The Leaves and Flower feed great Lizards. Its Bark is ufed for Tobacco
in rolling it; for Matches for the Spaniards, and for lowing the Reeus toge¬
ther for the Houfes to cover them. Tertre.

In our return to the North Sea, we cut and made Piperies or Floats
of four or five of thefe Truncs, being light and floating; after barking
they being tied together with wild Withs inftead of Cords, two or three,
or more of them, according to the bignefs of the Pipery. Raveneau ae
Luff an.

Why Do&or Tlukemt Ihould call this fummis ramis rad/coja 1 know not.

III. Malva arborea, folio oblongo acuminato, veluto, dentato & leviter finuato ,

fiore ex rubra favefeente. Cat. p- 95. Tab. 135’. Fig. *•

This rifes to about twelve foot high, having a woody Trunc, and leveral
Branches, whofe Twigs are hairy, and have fome few Leaves fet alterna¬
tively at about an Inches dihance towards their ends, each being placed
on an Inch and an half long Foot-Stalks, they are about four Inches long,
and near as broad near the round Bale where broadeft, and whence they
decreafe, ending in a point, being very foft, woolly, and having lome flight
finuations, as well as indentures about the edges, and feveral Ribs running
through the Leaf, taking their Original from the Foot-Stalks end, as from
a common Center, being much more pointed than either of the foregoing.
Ex alis foliorum towards the top comes out the Flowers, handing on
large hirfute five Inches long Foot-Stalks, in a Calyx made up of many
Felicia in two Series’ s,the outward Series being the narrowed. Within this
is a large Flower, of a yellowilh Carnation colour, like in every thing
to the others of this Kind. After which follows large brown Seeds,
placed like thofe of Mallows, to which they are very like in every thing.

It grew on the Red Hills over againft Mr. Batchelors I-Ioufe very plen¬
tifully.

IV. Malva arlorea, folio oblongo , acuminato, glabro, dentato. Cat.p. 96. Tab .

^This had feveral wooddy Branches, with a fmooth alli-coloured Bark,
white Wood, and large Pith. The Leaves came out on the ends of the
Twigs, being fet on two or three Inches long Foot-Stalks, longer than the
precedent, and not fo broad; ferrated, but not finuated about the edges,
being fmooth, and not hairy or hirfute as that, but in every thing yelfe very
like it. The Flowers come at top ex alis foliorum. They are lefler, as is
aifo the Seed, both handing in a fmaller Calyx , and on a henderer, as well
as fhorter Foot-Stalk.

It grew in Jamaica.

The

The Natural Hiftory ^/Jamaica. 217

V. Malva afpera major aquatic a, ex hortenfium feu rofearum gene re, flore miner e
luteo, femine aculeate. Cat. p. 96. Tab. 137 Fig. 1.

This Plane rifes to about four Foot high, having one upright, ftron^
round, green Stalk, with a very rough, or almoft prickly hair on it, with
Leaves and Branches coming out every Inch and half without any order,
They are like thole of the Holyoks or Lappa minor , of a frefh green colour,
(mooch, almoft round, being four Inches long, three and an half broad, an¬
gular, having two or three points, finuated, and indented about the edges,
and (landing on large Inch long Foot-Stalks. Ex alls foliorum, on the fame
rough one quarter of an Inch long hairy Foot -Stalk, (land feveral Flowers,
having each one green, eard, rough Leaf under it. The Flower is made up
of five large yellow Petala, with yellow Stamina in the middle. After the
Flowers follow five or feven triangular, whitilh brown colour’d Seeds, be¬
ing pointed on the under part, and round in the upper, plac’d like thofe
of the Mallows, inclos’d in a fmail Calyx, and having that ear’d Leaf,
formerly deferibed with the Flowers, now turn’d brown, for their cover.

It grows in watry places of the Savannas, and by the River fides in Ja¬
maica, and the G tribes.

If this be that deferibed by Pifo he us’d the Leaves of it in Clyfters, as
the European Althaa, and found no difference.

Any body who perufes the Defcription of this Plant, and looks on its
Figure, and compares them with the Figure of Althea abutili foliis , fruElu
hifpido Americana Pluken. Aim. p. zy. Phyt. Tab. 1 3?.. Fig. 5. will not (with
Dr JIukenet. p. 10. of his Mantiffa ) think they may be the fame.

VF. Malva minor fupinabetonica folio, florc coccineo, feminibus afperis Cat p
96. Tab. 137. Fig.%. r ‘ "a'

This has a long whitilh Root, very deeply fixed in the Ground, drawing
Nourifliment to the Plant by many fibres. The Stalks are round, tough
wooddy, whitilh, and fpread on the furface of the Earth, round the top of
the Root, as from the fame Center, for a Foot in Diameter. The Leaves
come out along the Stalks here and there, though in greater abundance at
the Stalks ends, feveral being there together. They (land on one third part
of an Inch long Foot-Stalks, are half an Inch long, and one quarter broad
ferrated about the edges, and of a dark green colour. The Flowers come
out of the ends of the Stalks three or four together, they are pentapetalous,
and of a purplifh red colour, and after thefe follow feveral Seeds, fet round a
common Center, like thofe of this Kind, included in fome hairy capfular
Leaves, each Seed being almoft triangular, and having its outfide made
rough with feveral fmail whitilh prickles.

It grows in the dry places of the Town Savannas, and Flowers after Rains.

The Defcription and Figure of this Plant (hew it to be very different from
the Alcca pufilla (upina geranii exigui maritimi folio, &c. Pluken. Aim Pm
Phyt. Tab. 132. Fig. 4. ' / ’

VII. Malva minor ere cl a Utonic* folio, flore luteo, femine duplici roflro feu
aculeo prndito. Cat. p. 96. Malva Indie a foliis fiibrotundis. Tournef. In (l
p.96.

The Root of this is ftronger, and every way larger than the former, the
Branches more woody and ereeft, of a darker brown colour, rifing a Foot
high, the Leaves are broader at bottom, deeplier ferrated, and for the mod
part purple about the edges, fomething like Betony Leaves, the Flowers
are ot an Orange colour, but in every thing elfe it agrees with the former,

K k k having

2 1 8 The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

having two prickles on the ends of the outermofl Coat of the Seeds, which
lies like the others of this Kind in a pentaphyllous Calyx.

It grows with the precedent, and in the Caribes.

The whole Plant boiled in water is Diuretick. The Root powdered, and
taken with Pepper takes away the cold Fever, and from it is made an Oil.
II. M.

VIII. Malva erecia minor , carpini folio, flore luteo , feminibus Jingtdis Jimplici
ACtileo longiori donatis. Cat. p. 96. An Alcea Carpi ni folio Americana frutefcens,
flofculis luteis, femine duplici roflro donato. Commolin. hort. Amfi.p. 3 ? Malva.
ulmifolia f emine rofirato Tournef. El.p. 8r. Infl.p. 96.

The Roots of this are the fame with the former, as are the Stalks. The
Leaves have a quarter of an Inch long Foot-Stalks, are deeplier ferrated,
larger, of a frelher green colour, and fhap’d like the Leaves of the Horn-
Beam-Tree, or Gooleberries. The Flowers are yellow, and like the others,
only larger. The Seeds are more in number, and each has a fingle long
prickle going out of one of its ends.

It grows with the two foregoing Kinds, and in the Carihes.

IX. Althaa flore luteo . Cat.p. 9 6. Tab. 136. Fig . 2.

This grew to about three or four Foot high, the Stalks being round,
rough, hoary, having feveral Branches befet with Leaves cordated, or of
the lhape of a Heart, ferrated, fomething like the Leaves of our Marfh-
mallows, but rounder, without finuations. They flood on an Inch long
Foot-Stalk, were very foft like Sattin, of a yellowilh green colour. To¬
wards the top ex alis foliorum came the Flowers Banding in a green fat-
tin d. pentaphyllous Capfula , being pentapetalous, and Orange colour’d, as
the other Althe*, to which this is very like in Face, Stature, and other
particulars.

It grew on the fandy Sea Banks, near Old Harbour very plentifully.

This differs extreamly from the following Plant notwithflanding Dodor
Tlukenet makes them the fame in his Mantijfa, p. 9.

«

X. Malva Americana, abutili folio, fore luteo, fpicato, fcliis ldirfutiorilus &
craffioribus . Herm. par. Bat. prod. Cat. Jam. p. 9 7.

I found this by the Road Tides going to Guanaloa in Jamaica. Breynius
had it from Curasao.

XI. Althaa fpicata, betonica folio villofifjimo. Cat.p. 97. Tab. 538. Fig. 1 .

This rifes to about three Foot high with a woody Stalk, cornered, very

rough, covered with a dark brown Bark, on which, towards the top, was
much Wooll or Down. On this, at about an Inches diffance from one ano¬
ther, come the Leaves alternatively, on oppofite fides of the Stalks (landing
on one third part of an Inch long very hairy Foot-Stalks, each of them
being about an Inch and an half long, and about an Inch broad at round
Bafe, where broadefl, and whence they grew narrower to their round ends,
being ferrated about the edges, and covered all over with a long yellowilli
hair, making the Leaf look of a dirty green colour. Towards the top,
ex alis foliorum, come out the Flowers which are plac’d like thofe of the
?lant&Vcrticillat& round the Stalk, or rather mod on one fide, each of them
being inclofed at bottom by fmall Leaves, rough, and very hairy, making
a Calyx.

I found it on Mount Diablo in the middle of the Ifland.

XII. Althsa

219

The Natural FUfiory of Jamaica.

Xlf. Alt had fpicata betonica folio, fore luteo, habit tori [pica. Cat. p. 97. Tab.
138. Fig. 4.

This has a three or four Inches long deep Root, fending up a pale green
Stalk two or three Foot high, branch’d out into leveral Branches, and Twigs
which are befet at three quarters of an Inches diHance, with Leaves almoll
round, not fo long as the precedent, Handing on three quarters of an Inch
long Foot-Stalk, They are an Inch and a quarter long, and three quarters
of an Inch broad at roundifh Bafe, where broadeft, indented about the edges,
of a pale green colour, and fmooth. The tops of the Twigs and Branches
for an Inches length, are thick let fpike faihion, wirh Orange colour’d
Flowers Handing in five leaved Calyces, which are very hirfutc. After them
follow a great many brown Seeds, in fituation, ihape, &c, like thofe of the
other Mallows.

’Tis very common in clear’d, barren, rocky Lands.

X!II. Abutilon arboreum fpicatum, betonic£ folio incano, fore minor e purpureo.
Cat. p. 97. Tab. 138. Fig. 2, 3. An Althea Jamaicenfis oblongo mucronato
glauco folio prof unde venofo margine undulato crifpo. Pluken. Aim . p. 25? Tab.
x59- Fig. 6 > VelRicimis ( forte ) althea folio Jamaicenfis glauco prefunds venofo
margins undulato crifpo . Ejufd . ib. Aim. p. 3 2 1 ? vel betonica arborefeens Made -
rafpatana villofis feliis profunde venofis. Ejufd. ib Tab. 150 ? Fig. 5, & 6 ?
V el. Althea Jamaicenfis, arbor ea, foliis oblongis mucronatis glabris fioribus amcens
rttbellis , Ejufd. Tab. 259. Fig. 3? Malva vera crucis frutefeens incana hirfuta
flore parvo cceruleo purpureo Herm. par. Bat. pr. p. 3 50.

This Treerileth to about ten Foot high, by a Trunc as big as ones Le^,
covered with an almoH fmooth, reddifli Bark. It has feveral Branches to¬
wards the top, equally fpread on every hand, whofe Twigs have at their ends
leveral Leaves Handing on an eighth part of an Inch long Foot-Stalks. They
are three quarters of an Inch long, one third part of an Inch broad, near
the Bafe, where round and broadeH, fnipt about the edges and white, or
of a very pale green colour, and pointed. Ex alis foliorum, on rhe tops
of the Branches, Hand feveral pentapetalous purple coloured Flowers fet
racemat im in Branches or Spikes, about yellow Stamina, in a few green Cap-
fular Leaves After which follow Seeds in Heads jultlike thofe of the Al-
ce.e arbors x, each Seed being lodged in a diHind; Cell, five of thefe making
up the Seed-Vefiel, each of the five being pointed, and having two Ait
extantes.

It grows in leveral wooddy places about the Town.

There is a variety of this, which is larger in its Leaves, and not fo
white above as below.

XIV. Abutilon fruticofum, foliis fubrotundis (erratis, fioribus albis pentape -
t alis ad alas foliorum conglomeratis. Cat. p. 97. Tab. 135. Fig. z. An Malva
Americana, ulmifolia , fioribus conglobatis ad foliorum alas. Plum. Tournef. Infi.
p. 96 ?

This Shrub rifeth to about five Foot high, by a round Stem, covered with
a brown fmooth Bark, it has feveral long Branches, having Leaves going
out at uncertain intervals from the oppofite fidcs alternatively. They Hand
on one third part of an Inch long Foot-Stalks, are an Inch and an half
long, and half as broad, are round at the beginning, and broadeH very near
the Foot- Stalks end, and from thence grow lels to the end. They are thin,
of a very green colour, and have Ribs confpicuous through the whole Leaf,
fmooth, and cut about the edges like Nettle Leaves. Ex alis foliorum come
the Flowers, being feveral, Handing in a knot almoH round the Stem, like

thofe

220

The Natural Hi [lory of Jamaica.

thofe of verticillated Plants, without Foot-Stalks. They (land in a rsddifli
Calyx, ate pentapetalous, and of a whitilh colour. After thefe follow fe¬
veral roundilh Heads, each being made up or five Follicles or Cehs, sand¬
ing clofe by one another, in each of which is lodged a fmall irregularly

figur’d triangular black Seed. . . ,

It grows round the Town amongB the Savanna Bullies , and in the

C This feems to be quite different from the Malva orientals elatior, &c.
Tlukemt. thjt. Tab. 44. Fig. though the Do&or, p. 10. of his Mantijja
thinks it may be the lame.

XV. Abutilon herbaceum procumbens, betonic £ folio, flore purpureo. Cat.p.^j.

Tlns^has wooddy, tough, round, red Stalks, two Foot long, fpread, and
lying on all fides, on the furface of the Ground, having many Branches, let
with very few Leaves, on one quarter of an Inch long Foot-Stalks, dhey
are an Inch long, one quarter of an Inch broad, at round Bale, where broad-
efi, and whence they diminilli till they end in a point, being Smooth, a lit¬
tle indented about the edges, having feveral Veins on the backfide, and
fomewbat refembling Betony Leaves. The Flowers Band on the ends of
the Branches, they are purple with yellow Stamina in the middle, like thole
of other Mallows. After each of thefe follows a five pointed pyramidal
Capfula, in which are five Cells, in each of which lies a cornered, Imali,

k^rgrevTin gravelly low Ground near Mr. Batchelors Houfe.

The Defcription and Figure of this Plant Blew it to be very different
from the Alcea pufilla fupina geranii exigui maritime folio , &c. PlukenetAlm.
p. 14. Fhyt. Tab. 132. Fig. 4. though in p.6. of the Dolors Mant/jja he

thinks it may be this.

XVI. Abutilo affinis arbor alt he a folio , cujus fruclus e(l Jlyli apex autfus,
quatuor vel quinque filiquis hirfutis, funis ad infiar in fpiram convolutis, con fans.

Cut,P> Q 7* . 1 T

This tree is about fifteen Foot high, has a Trunc as large as ones Leg, a

fmooth white Bark, and is leaning or inclining towards the Ground. Its
Leaves are two Inches and an half long, and one Inch and three quarters
over ftom a round broad Bale, ending in a point Ihipt, or ferrated about the
edges, having feveral pretty high Ribs on its under fide, being fort, of a
yellow iih green colour, downy, and like Althea Leaver. At the tops of the
Branches come the Flowers, Banding in a rough green Calyx , they are white,
Banding like thofe of the Digit ales, only fmaller, out of the Center or which
comes a long Stylus or String, having a roundilh hirfute Button at the end, which
augments and becomes its Fruit, and confiBs of four or five round, fmall,
brown Siliqua, Ropes, or rather long Follicles, hairy, dark brown colour’d,
very hard wreath’d, or roll’d fpirally one by another, and containing with¬
in them great plenty of round, brown Seed, which falls out of the end
of each of thefe Pods, Follicles, or Ropes, which open themfelves for that

PUlt°gGrows near Mr. Batchelors Plantation, on the Red Hills' every where
on the Road to Guanahoa, and other places of thisifland.

The Leaves are us’d in Decodions for Clyfiers with Oil and Salt, as

thofe of Mallows f

It {eeros rather to belong to this Tribe, than to the S:lu^uoJc one, be-

caufe the Follicles of Abutilon, differ only in ihape from thefe.

It

„ , - 'I | ■ ■ - - ■ - ■ . . g _ _

The Natural Hiftory 0/ Jamaica. 221

It lias in the juice of the Root great vertues in the Empyema, and Sto¬
mach Difeafes. The Root applied outwardly in Meades, Whitlows, and
other fuch like Difeafes, is very good. H. M.

XVII. Alcea Arborea althea folio , flortrn petalis luteis, deorfum reflexis. Cat.
p. 97. Tab. 140. Fig. i, 2, 3.

This Shrub or Tree rifesto feven or eight Foot high, the Stalks being co¬
vered with a whitilh Bark, having Leaves alternatively, Handing on two Inches
long white Foot-Stalks. They are an Inch and an half long, and an Inch
broad near the Foot-Stalks end, or at Bafe, where broadeH and round. The
Nerves run through the Leaf from the Center of the Foot-Stalk. They are
foft, and of a whitifii brown colour, much whiter underneath than above,
and like the Leaves of Marfli- mallows. The tops of the Branches are di¬
vided into feveral Stalks, fufiaining each a yellow pentapetalous Flower,
the P etala being bow’d back, leemingly not divided, having under them five
green whitilh, foft, capfular Leaves. After thefe follow Seeds lying in fe¬
veral flat, broad, comprefs’d Follicles, ending lharp, joined to one another,
making up the fame round Head, having many Cells, in every thing ex-
a&ly like the others of this Kind, there lying in each of the Cells fome
large, woolly, gray Seeds.

It grows about Colonel Fullers Houfe, on a fmall rocky Hill near Black-
River-Bride in St. Dorothy s.

The Flowers of this are very yellow, and not at all purple, fo that it
cannot be (as Dr. Plukenet doubts in his Mantiffa p. lo,) Althaa bctonica 'folio
Villofo floribus ex luteo purpurafeentibus deorfum reflexis ad or as Coromandel.

XVIII. Alcea f rut icofa aquatica, folio cor data, fcabro,flore pallide luteo. Cat.
p. 9 7. Tab. 139. Fig. 2.

This Shrub has Roots made up of feveral long, and very white fibrils like
Thread, hanging down into the Water or Earth. The Stalks or Stems are
many, about the bignefs of ones Finger, ftraighc, five Foot high, covered
with a white fmooth Bark. The Twigs are feveral, and fet about, towards
their ends, with cordated Leaves, Handing on an Inch and an half long
Foot-Stalks. They are two Inches long, and one and an half broad, near
the round Bafe, where broadeH, ending in a point, arc indented here and
thereabout the edges, of a yellowilh green colour, harlh, and having Veins
going from the Center of the Foot-Stalk through the Leaf. The Flowers
Hand fpike-falhion, fet round on the tops of the Branches, for four Inches of
their length, each being half an Inch diHantfrom another, and Handing
on three quarters of an Inch long Foot-Stalk, having five pale yellow, half an
Inch long Petala, with purple Veins, a large Pefile like Stylus, with Stamina
on it, all within five green capfular Leaves, under which are twice as many
more, very narrow Leaves, of the fame make. The Seeds follow, being
five, contained each in his Cell. The Capfula is large, five cornered,
roundifh, having at every corner an obtufe Apex, as in fome others of this
Kind.

It grows on each fide of the Salt River, in Cabbage-Tree-Bottom very
plentifully, and in fome places on the Frelh River going up to the Laguna.

Any perfon who compares the Defcription and Figure of this, with that
of Althaa Indie a latiori folio cordiformi ad [ummum finuato Pluken. Aim . p. z6,
Fhyt. Tab. 9. Fig. 2. will find them very different, though the DocHor, p. 10.
of his Mantiffa , thinks they may be the fame.

L 1 1

XIX, Alcea

I

222 The Natural Hijlory of J amaica.

XIX. Alced fopuli folio incano Integra. Cat. p. 98. Tab. 13 9. Fig. 3, Alcea
Jamaicenfis, abut Hi facie, for thus exiguis flavis, folio vix orenato, from parte
molli & temifftma lanugine canefcente . Pluken. Alm.p. 17. Phyt. Tab. 254. Fig. 5.

This has a brown, wooddy, branched Root, a round, wooddy, fmooth,
brown Stalk, three Foot high, from whence come feveral Branches, having
towards their ends Leaves and Flowers ex eorum ala. The Leaves hand on
one quarter of an Inch long Foot-Stalks, are extremely white, and fofc
with Down, an Inch and an half long, and half as broad at the round Bafe,
where broad eft, and whence they diminiftt till they end in a point. The
Flowers ftand on halt an Inch long Foot-Stalks, are pentapetalous, and of
an Orange colour. After each of thefe follows a Seed-Veffel, made up of
five parts, like to thefe of Fraxintlla, in each of which are contained Seeds,
very like the Seeds or Acini of Grapes, which leap out of the open’d CapfuU
by the Suns heat.

It grows every where in the Savannas.

There is a variety of this having the Leaf longer, broader at Bafe, not fo
woolly on the upperfide, and fewer Flowers, growing indifferently with the
precedent.

XX. Alcea populi folio villofo, leviter ferrato. Cat. p. 98. 7rfLi 39. Fig. 4.

This has many green round Stems, rifing two or three Foot high, having fe¬
veral Twigs, on the ends of which are two or three Leaves, (landing on near
an Inch long green Foot-Stalks. They are near an Inch long, and half as broad
at round Bale, where broadeft, of a green colour, foft, hoary, finuated, and
fnipt about the edges, ending in a point, having Feveral Veins running
through it from the end of the Foot-Stalk, and fome from the middle Rib.
Ex alls foliorum comes the Flower, (landing on three quarters of an Inch
long Foot-Stalk. It (lands in a pentaphyllous Calyx , is pentapetalous.
Orange colour’d, and after it follows a fix cornered Seed-Veffel, firft green,
and then brown, or rather fo many Follicles lying by one another, and in-
clofing the Seed like the Abutila.

It grows in (everal places of this I(land.

XXI. Alcea maxima, malvee rofeee folio , fruttu pentagono, recurvo, efentento ,
graciliore & longiore. Cat. p. 98. Tab. 133. Fig. 2. Alcea Indie a Qaigombo &
Ochroa ditto, feliquis pralongis planis quinquefariam divijis, ex infula Barbadenfl.
Pluken. Aim • p. 16. An Kctmia JEgyptiaca , vitis folio, parvo flora. Teurnef.
El. p.$ 3? Infl. p. 100 ? vel An Ketmia Indie a vitis folio, fruttu corniculato.
Ej.ib. Bammia Calceolar. Muf. p. 520 ? Ocra.

This Las a round green Stem, which rifes ftraight up to ten or twelve
Foot high, being here and there divided into Branches, which are befet with¬
out any order, at about an Inches diftance, with Leaves (landing on feven
Inches long Foot-Stalks, each whereof is divided by deep Lacinia into five
Se&ians or Divifions, being fix Inches long from the Foot-Stalks end, to
the end of that divifion oppofite to it, or in the middle, which is the larged,
and four broad at Bafe, from Ear to Ear. They are fomewhat rough, of a dark
green colour, befet with {hort inoffenfive Prickles, having five middle Ribs,
taking beginning from the Foot-Stalks end, and running through every of
the five divifions, being proportionably large to their bignefs, and the whole
Leaf refembling thofe of our Holyokes. The Leaves when they fall off
leave a white knob on the Stalk. Ex alis foliorum come the Flowers, (land¬
ing on an eighth part of an Inch long Foot-Stalk, having nine Inches and an
half long, narrow, hoary Capfular Leaves, and one large green one, (land¬
ing about a round, (inooth, green knob. The Pet ala are five, large as thofe

of

The Natural Hijlory ^Jamaica.

223

of a Rofe, yellow, with a purple bottom, in the middle of which is an half
Inch long Stylus of the fame colour, rough, and having a purple fpot on its
top. After thefe follows a three Inches long, crooked, green Pyramidal Pod,
not fo big at bottom as ones thumb, having five Ridges or Eminencies to¬
wards the top, a little rough, when ripe growing brown, and containing in
ten feveral Cells, fo many rows of Seeds, each of which is of the fliape, &c
of Mallows, only much larger.

I fee no reafbn why I might not have doubted in my Catalogue of Jamaica
Plants, whether this was not taken notice of by Writers before me, notwith-
ftanding what is faid by Dr. Plukenet in his Mantifia, p. 7.

XXII. Alee a maxima, malva rofe a folio, fructu decagono, reclo, craffiore. Ire -
viore, efett lento. Cat. p. 98. Tab. 133. Fig. 3. Alcea Brafiliana fruit it max mo
pyramtdali fulcato. Plukenet. Aim p.l6. An filiqua magna decagona feu multi*
capfularis althe& finenfis. Morif Fig > Alcea Americana annua, fore albo maximo
fruffu maximo pyramidali. Commel. hort. Amft.p. 37.

This is the fame in every thing with the former, only the Stalks of it are
not fo green, being reddifh. The Pod is not over two Inches long, and at
bottom, being pyramidal, is of an Inch Diameter, and has ten ridges on
its furface, containing, in a great many Cells, Seeds like the former.

If this be not the fame, ’tis very near to the Atlatzopillin five aauofa herba
appenfa of Hernandez.

They are both (viz, the former and this) very carefully planted by Euro¬
peans, as well as Slaves in their Gardens, and the unripe Pods, which are in
ufe, are common in Markets-

The Pods of both are gathered when green, and before ripe, and bein*
cut into thin tranfverfe flices are boil’d with Pottages, Oglids, and Pepped
Pots, and are thought to be extreamly Nourifhing, and very Venereal, be¬
ing very vifeous or mucilaginous. They are fo ufed in Egypt , asYays
V efingius. J

The Leaves are us’d after the fame manner, for the fame purpofes.

The tender Fruit is boil’d, and eat with Oil, Salt, and Pepper. Marcgr.
The Egyptians ufe the Seeds as Beans, Peafe, and other Legumina, inVi-
duals. The Leaves, and Fruit are cold and moifl in the firft Degree, re¬
viving and emollient, they are good for the Bread and Lungs, and loofning
to the Belly, applied as a Fomentation or Plaifter. They refolve Inflammations’
eafe Pains, foften Tumours, ripening them. Women ufe them the fame ways,'
and in Baths for hardnefs of the Uterus. A Decodion with white Sugar,
taken by the Mouth is very good in Inflammation of the Kidnies and Stone’
ufed for fome days. It is good in Decodion againfl Ophthalmia, ufed as a
Qollyrium , and with it in Pleurifies they foment the affeded Side. Alp .

It is ufed to promote Venery Cafalp.

It came from Ethiopia , or the Cape of Good Hope . Cluf.

XXIII. Alcea hirfuta flavo fore & femine mofehato. Marcgr. Cat. p. 98.

This is well deferibd and figurd by Pifo, and is to be found in every
Plantation, every Seed dropt thriving very well in any Soil, efpecially ftony.

It is much more fmuated than that of C. B. &c. in the Leaves.

The Seeds are gathered by Children, and made into Beads, being coveted
becaufc of their fmell.

Drugflers ufually adulterate Musk with thefe, which Sophiflication is
known by its {mall continuance. The Leaves are ufed as thofe of Mallows
in Fomentations and Clyflers, being of the fame quality, Pifo.

Young, green Locufts, covet thefe young Leaves very much. Marcgr.

The

The Natural Hi (lory of Jamaica,

The Seed is counted Cordial, and powdered with Coffee, is good for the
Stomach, Head and Heart, Vefling. and is therefore given in Faipitations of

the Heart, powdered to a Dram. dip.

It is in great price, and ufed by the Egyptian Women in Baths, but to
what purpofe they will not reveal to Chriflians. Bell. ap. J. B.

The Confectioners in France ufe the Seed to give a good fmell to their
Comfits. Tertre.

XXIV. Alcea acetofa, trifido folio India: oriental k. Breyn. prod. Cat. p. 99.
Alcea Acetofa Indica gojfypii folio pericarpio coccinei color is, capfici filiquam *mu-
lante. Plukenet. Aim. p. 1 5. An fair Indorum Oxalis Cannalina fruticofa frutfi*
coccineo c or on at 0. Triumf MSS- Cupan. Hort. Cat hoi. p. 194* Ketmia Indica ,
gojfypii folio, acetofa fapore. Tournef Inf. p. 100. French Sorrel.

This rifes higher than a Man, it has a thick round Stalk, covered with a
red Bark, with a Pith within it, and a great number of Branches coming
out on all fides, without any order, three or four Foot long, having Leaves
Handing on red, Inch long Foot-Stalks, being about three Inches long, and
two broad at the Bafe, and divided into three great LacinU , each of which
has a Rib going from the Center through the Leaf, which are all red, they
are alfo indented, about the edges green, the whole Plant having a fowr
tall like Sorrel, whence the name. Ex alls foliorum come the Flowers Hand¬
ing on {hort Foot-Stalks, of a greenilh yellow colour, with purple in the
bottom, large, and pentapetalous. with Stylus and Stamina, as in this Kind,
Handing Within five Capfular, red, fmall, long Leaves, inclofed by twice as
many narrower of the fame fort, being very red and thick. When the
Flowers fall off there follows a membranaceous, oblong, round, five cor¬
nered pointed, {harp Capfula , in which are five Cells, containing fo many
rows of roundifh, comprefs’d, light, brown Seeds, like thofe of Mallows,,
only much larger.

It is planted in moH Gardens of this Ifland.

The Capfular Leaves are made ufe of for making Tarts, Gellies, and
Wine, to be ufed in Fevers, and hot Difiempers, to allay Heat, and quench

Thirfi. _f , 0 ^

The Root given to two Drams, purges eafily the. Stomach and Guts.-

Hernandez. WhofeDefcription agrees, the Stature excepted, but his Figure
is very faulty.

The firfi Leaves are fometimes whole, commonly divided into three Last-
nia, and fometimes like Elleboraflrum,. into feven Sections.

The Leaves either alone, or boiled with other Herbs, are eaten by In¬
dians. The Stalks are, as Hemp with us, fpun into Ropes and Yarn,
therefore fet in their Fields and Gardens. Herm.

XXV. Caryophyllata foliis alaiis. Cat. p. 99. Caryophyllata Campeftris elatior

Braf liana foliis acuminatis. Pluk. Almag. p.%7-

This is well defcrib’d and figur'd by Pifo, fo that there needs no more
be (aid of it, but that ’tis very common in the Woods of this Ifland.

It is very Hot and Dry, it attenuates. Cuts, Cleanfes and is Adftringent,
and therefore is not only good to corroborate the Bowels, but likewife to
cut tough Humours. Pifo.

Chap.

The Natural Hiftory 0/Jamaica. 225

Chap. XV.

Of Herbs that are bBacciferms or Tomiferous.

Ueurbita l nga folio modi, flore albo. J. B. Cat. p. 100. CW-
curbita longa. Muf Swamm. p. 13. Gourds, whereof they make
Conferves of an Anonyvtus Portugal of Brajile, Purchas, lib. 7.
cap. 1. p. 1^9. The fweet Gourd.

I could not obferve any difference between the Plant I law
here in Gardens, and thole in Europe, only they feem’d to be larger, and
had a whirilh Skin, which is only, 1 fuppofe, an accidental variety.

It was planted by Mrs Aylmer in her Garden at Guanaboa.

The Pulp of this is edible and cooling, whereas that of moft of the
other Gourds growing here is very purgative.

This is what the Jews, Spaniards, and Portuguefe make into Sweet Meats,
in the Ifland of Madera and elfewhere.

If crude it is not grateful to the Stomach.

Apphed to the Head by way of Poukefs, it cures inflammations of the
Eyes, and pains thereof. The Seeds are Diuretick and made into Emulfi-
ons temper the Ur in, taking off its Acrimony.

Bod&us a St ape l tells us that he had one of thefe Gourds which came
from Indian Seed, as large as a Human Body.

This is cut into long llices, and candied with Sugar by the Spaniards and
Portuguefe, and fent into the North to fell, it is call’d" Carbafade, and is
very delightful to Dry or Feverilh People. Lob.

The Seed of this is one of the four greater cold Seeds.

It is eat with Onions boil d after the manner of Coieworts, being good
for Lean People. The diddled Water is good in Fevers. Lon.

Children in Fevers are cured, if one of thefe, as long as themfelves, be
put to Bed to them. Dod.

Being of no tad they imbibe any. Lac.

The long, round, and comprefs'd Gourds come of the fame Seed from
different parts of the Fruit. Durant.

If. Cucurbit a fphxrica maxima. Cat. p. 100. The largeft round Gourd.

In Leaves, &c. it agrees with the white, long, fweet Gourd, only the
Shell is yellow, or Cinamon coloured, hard, fmooth, Ihining, having a bit¬
ter Pulp within it, and fmaller and darker coloured Seeds. One of them
is abie to contain many Gallons of M^laiTus, (Jrc. for which thev are us’dl
indead of Bottles. J

The Shell gives a purging quality to any thing infufed in it for fomc
times.

They arc planted on dony Hills.

They are fo large, that cut in two they make Panniers to carry any thing
in. Acojla. And others are lefler for eating and drinking in.

Ilk Cucurbit x tertia feu lagenaria, flore albo, folio molli, C. B. Cat. p. 100.
An hajach, cucurbita lagenaria Herbar. Olear.p. 23 1 ?

This grows with the former likewife.

This is falfly taken for ColocynTis though it Purges, and gives that qua¬
lity to any Liquor Handing in its Shell.

TI^s

M m m

The Genouefe cut them into long dices, dry them in the Sun, keeping them
fweet with a little Sugar. Lugd.

IV. Cucurbit a lagenaria minim a, cello longo recurve. Cat.p.ioi. Tab. 141.
Fig. 3.

This is like the others, only the round part is no bigger than a Tennis
Ball, the Neck being four Inches long and crooked.

V. Cucurbit a lagenaria, longa , maxima, recurva. Cat . p. iqi.

This is two or three Foot long, round, about four Inches Diameter, fmalleft
at both snds, and crooked.

This and the former are planted as the others.

VI. Cucurbit a lagenaria, longa, reffa, minor . Cat. p. 101. Tab. 141. Fig. i.

This is juft like the others in every thing. The Fruit is Pyramidal or

Oval, fix Inches long, and two in Diameter, very round and polith’d.

They are made into Bottles and carried about for Dram Bottles in ones
Pocket.

Gourds are lighter, and not fo brittle as Glafs, wherefore coveted to
carry Wine and other Liquors in, in France , Spain , and Italy. Lob\

VII. Pepo maxi mas Indicus compreffus. Lob. Obf. Cat. p. ioi. Melo pepo
fruciu maximo, albo. Tournef. Infi. p. 106. Pompions.

They are commonly planted here in moft Gardens, both by Poor and
Rich, and the Fruit being boil’d as Turneps, are very favoury and cooling.

The juice, with a little Mufchat, takes away weaknefs. H. M.

Marco Polo tells us, thole in Sapurgau are the belt Pompions in the World,
being fweet like Honey. Purchas, lib. 1. p. 73.

VIII. Angurza prima, Citrullus dill a. C. B. Cat. p. 101. Anguria Indies
feu melo aquaticus. Tournef. El- p. 89. Melo facharinus anguria folio, Virginia -
ms, fruciu magno cortice viridi , came liquefeenti albo vel incar nato. Plukenet. Aim.
p. 147. Banift. Cat. Stirp. Virg . An cucumis feregrinus major Jativus, angu-
ri& foliis horto Comptoniano e Jemine natus. Pluk. Aim. p. 113. Uva of Ogilby
America, p. 313. Water-Melons of Dampier. cap. 10.

This is commonly planted here, and is of two forts, that with whitifli
green, and that with red Pulp, the Seeds of the latter being red, thofe of
the firft black.

? They are uled here by way of defert, are very much commended and
every where planted, efpecially in dry, fandy, or rocky Grounds. 1 hey
are Diuretick, counted very good in Fevers, extremely good againft hot Li¬
vers, and Kidnies, very cooling, and therefore often eat with Wine.

The Seeds are us’d for Emulftons, and provoke to Sleep.

It grows better if Dung be mixed with the Sand , where it is planted
Marcgr.

Gerard feems very much deceived, when in his Figure and Defcription,
this is fulcated or furrow’d, which it is not.

Hieronimo de Lobos tells us, in his Relation of the River Nile, &c. that
about the Red Sea, were the beft he ever tailed.

Thefe Melons are much wholelomer than ours at Paris, raifed by Dung
and Water. Thevet.

They beget bad and venemous Humours, bringing Autumnal Fevers, they
are of bad Digeftion, wherefore not us’d as Meat. Dorfiein.

Nicolai fays they grow about Argiers, and are there eaten, being very
cooling.

The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica. 227

C&falpinus mentions two forts of this Melon, faying caro interm aliis can -
dida, aids rubens, and that the latter is the beft, he takes likewife notice
of the Seed, that ’tis colore Nigro, ant rubente aut fulvo. The Pulp next the
Bark is the lefs fapid. Cafalp.

in Alexandria they make holes in the outward Tides of this Fruit, and
draw out the Liquor, and fell Glades of it to thole who are hot. Id.

The unripe Fruit kept in a heap of Wheat ripens. Lugd. Who mentions
one reddifh femine ex Ajia miffo.

The Seed of the Indian is larger and fmoother. J. B.

The Seed from New-Tork, called Maracock, proved on fowing to be this.
Lact.

IX. Cucumis angaria folio latiore, afpero, fruciu minore candido fpinulis obtufs
muricato. Cat p. 103. Anguria Americana, fruciu echinato edtdi. Tournef Inf.

p. 107.

This has a deep, white, oblong Root, fending forth feveral long, trailing
Branches. The Stalks are four-fquare, and rough, five or fix Foot long, at
about every four Inches diftance of which come out the Leaves, Clavicles,
and Flowers. The Leaves are divided into five Sedions, chey are curled,
finuated, and rough, the undermoft, or Sedions at Bafe, being fmallelt eve¬
ry way. The fifth Sedion is three Inches long, and has two notches in it,
Their Foot-Stalks are four Inches long, and rough. Ex alis foliorum come
the Clavicles, which are an inch long, fronrfthence alfo come the Flowers,
feveral on two Inch long Foot-Stalks, which are yellow, monopetalous, their
era being divided into five Sedions. The Fruit is of a pale green colour.
Oval, as big as a Walnut, having many fhort, blunt, thick Tubercles'
fharper than thofe of other Cucumbers, and within a Pulp, a great many
fmall Seeds, like thofe of other Cucumbers.

It grows every where about the Town, and in molt Plantations, as well as
in the Caribes.

This Fruit is eaten very greedily by Sheep, and all manner of Cattle,
and they are thought to thrive extremely by feeding on them

The Fruit is likewife est in lieu of our European Cucumbers, are very
cooling, and equal, if not exceed them in every thing,

Pifo in his firft Edition fays nothing of this, and Marcgrave mentions it,
whereby Pifo takes occafion in his fecond Edition to fpeak of it, and rea-
fons upon it out of his own imagination, for the Fruit of this is no way iike
that of our Cucumis afninud , neither is it bitter, or yields any thing like
elaierium , but is very much coveted, and eaten by Cattle of all forts, and
Men themfelves, whence one may make a conjedure concerning feveral
things of that Author, that they were his own conjedures, or the produd:
of his own Brain, rather than his own Experience, or that of others.

The Leaves of this in Jamaica are rough, whatever Dr. Plnkenet may have
found in Englijh Gardens, or fay to the contrary, p. 79. of his Mantiffa.

X. Cucumis minima frutlu ovali nigro Uvi. Cat , p. 103. Tab. 141. Fig. 1.
Bryonia Canadenfes, folio angulato, fruHu nigro. Tournef. Inf. p. ioi. Cucumis
fruit u mini mo, viridi, ad matnritatem pr 0 dull 0 mgr ic ante. Plnkenet. Aim p. 123,
An bryonia alba Uvis Americana ccrtice alko nitente ; forte Tztaczazalic Mexicen-
fibus feu herba glutinofa & candens. Hernandez apud Reccum, lib. 8. f 283. Pluk.
Aim. p. 71. Phytogr. Tab. 272. Fig. 3?

This Cucumber has a very fender Stalk, which mounts by its Clavicles,
or runs along the Ground for five or fix Foot in length, catching hold of any
thing it comes near. The Leaves, Flowers, and Clavicles, come out here
and there together. The Leaves ft and on an Inch long Foot-Stalks, are of a

round ilia

2 2 8 The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

roundilh triangular fhape, a little auriculated, being an Inch and an half
from far to tar, and as much from the Foot -Stalk' end, to the point or end of
the Leaf oppofite to it. They are rough and harfh to the touch, (omething
fin Li a ted and indented a little about the edges, and of a dark green co¬
lour. The Clavicles are very tender. The Flowers (land on a {mall Inch
long Foot-Stalk, are yellow’, monopetalous, though at the Ora divided into
five Sections. The Fruit is of the (hape of a Nutmeg, or Oval, though
not fo big as an ordinary red Goofeberry, fmooth, blackilh when ripe, and
full of fmall white Seed, like that of other Cucumbers, lodged in a thin in-
fipid cooling Pulp.

It grows in clear'd low Grounds, by Hedges and Ditches.

The Fruit is eaten either pickled as unripe Cucumbers ufe to be, and are
good, or when fully ripe, and are thought extremely cooling.

XI. Colccynthis bryonies alba folio , in quinque lac ini as dent at as prof unde J Eto,
afpero, lathartico Cat. p. 105. Tab. 142. Fig. 2. Belly-ach-wecd.

The Root of this was whitifh, oblong, and deep, having fever.il Stalks
creeping along on the Ground, which at about two or three Inches diftance
fend out Leaves and Clavicles. The Foot-Stalks of the Leaves were two
Inches long, the Leaf its felf being fmaller than others of this Kind,
rounder, and more deeply cut in on the edges. It is always divided into
five Sections, the Sedion oppofite to the Foot-Stalk being three Inches long,
which is much longer than the two Sedions next it, and they than thofe at
Bafe. Fach of the Sedions had one middle Rib, and was jagged without
any order. It was rough on its ftirface, and of a yellowilh green colour.
Its Clavicles were not very long, but caught hold of the Stones it came
near, and would creep a great many Feet from its Root.

It grew at Mr. Abraham s Plantation in the Northfide of the Bland, up¬
on fome flony Hills, near the place called Ocho Rios, corruptly C hirer os

By what 1 faw, I queftion not but this is a Cclocynthis, although I faw
neither Flower nor Fruit, neither could any inform me any thing about them.

This is counted an extraordinary Medicine againft the Belly-ach They
take a handful of the Leaves, boil them in water, and give the Decodion,
which ufually Vomits and Purges, but more certainly the firft.

It is accounted a very good Remedy againft the Drophe, and is taken the
fame way.

It is alio ufed for the fame purpofes in Clyfters.

XII. Cue amis pniceus. Cord, hi ft. Cat. p. 103. Memordica vulgaris . Tournef
El. p. 86. lnft. p. 103.

This is very much us’d for the Belly-ach.

The Leaves are accounted very vulnerary as well as the Fruit, and both
taken inwardly, or their Oil outwardly applied are thought to eafe Pains,
and cure the Colick-

It confolidates Wounds, and eafes pain of bad natured Ulcers, the Fruit
being beaten and boiled in Oil- The Fruit is call’d Charantia, for being like
a Lemon. Lob.

If an Ear be cut off of a black Horfe, and fattened to that of a white
Horfe, likewife cut off, they will be healed with this Oil ; but I am not cer¬
tain that ’tis fo. Trag.

The Oil cures Burns, and takes away Scars. Dod.

The Oil of the Seed is commended by fome for the beft Remedy. Cam.

XIII. Flos

i ^ - v- -• - - . - _ ■ ■ ■ . - ■ - ■

The Natural Hiflory (^/Jamaica.

— - . . . . . . . i. i i i ... — . . , - ; . , ,<

XIIL Flos fajjionii major fentaphjHus. Cat. p. 104. An Pdjfflora foil is latt¬
er thus citius fiorens. Piuk . Aim. p. a 81 > Clematis pafiflora pentaphylla , angufli-
folia. Munt p. 53 ? Tab. 165 ? Flos pafiionis pentaphyllus mrjor , augufifolius
femper virens. D. Kiggalaer. ib ? ' “ '

This has a green, almoft round Stalk, about the bignefs of a Goofe-Quill,
mounting about any Tree it comes near, to twenty (fometimes more or Jefs)
feet high, at every two Inches diftance, putting forth Leaves, Clavicles and
flowers. The Leaves ft and on an half Inch long, crooked, green Foot-Stalks,
being divided even almoft to the Foot-Stalks end, into five very long, and*
narrow Sedions, that in the middle, which is oppofite to the Foot-Stalk, is
the longeft and narroweft, being three Inches long, and about three quarters of
an Inch broad, every Sedion having one middle, and fome tranfverfe Ribs
of a dark green colour, and fmooth. Thofe Sedions at Bafe are a little ear’d,
and the whole Sedions are entire and not ferrated. Oppofite to the Leaf is
the Clavicle two or three Indies long, and caking hold of any thing it com^s
near. The Flower comes out in the middle between both, and Hands on
an Inch long Foot-Stalk, is very large, and of the fame make with others
of this Kind.

It grows in the Woods going from the Town to Guandoa.

Fifo commends the Fruit of this in hot Difeafes, to cool and be ufed
irtftead of Currans or Berberis.

The firft of thefe was eaten in New-Spain, being thought cooling and
they have in their Flowers, if one be aided by Piety, the Figures of the In-
ftruments of the Paftion. The Fruit is not Savory to thofe who eat it at
firft. Tertre.

The Fruit is good in Fevers for the Spirits and Appetite, and is pleafant,
and without naufeoufnefs in thofe ufing it. Rochef. The Rind and Flowers
are prelerv’d likewife, and us’d as the Fruit. Rochef.

XIV. Flos pajjionis folio hediraceo angttlofo , foctido. Cat. p. 104. Flos pajjtd -
m alius reticulatds Htrm. par . Bat. p. 273.

This has a round woolly Stalk at every Indies interval, fending forth
pretty ftrong Clavicles, and reaching many paces in length. The Leaf has
two tars, or is three-pointed like Ivy Leaves, downy and foft, like thofe
of Althea, and of a very rank and oSenfive fmell. The Flower is like o-
thers of this Kind, of the fame colour with the ordinary. After thefe fuc-
ceeds a round, hollow, reddilh Fruit, in the Cavity of which are Seeds,
flicking to the infide in rows, each Seed being inclofed in a white Skin, and
the Fruit having a Fringe, Filament, or Leaves under it, like the Seed-Veft
fel of Nigella Romana.

It grows in Gullies near Mr. Elletfon s in Liguanee , Colonel Crew’s in
St. Dorothies, the Banks of the Rio Cobre below the Town, and in feverai
other places of this I Hand very plentifully.

It flowers in May. +

«

XV. Flos paffionis, folii media l acini a ejaaji abfeifsa, for e minor e, cameo. Cat.
f Io4- Gran ad ilia fore fuaveruheme, folio bicorni. Tournef EL p. 2,06. fnf<

f. 241. Faff or a Americana fore fuaverubente folio bicorni. Fluken. Mam iff.
p. 146. JJ

The Stalk of this Plant is ftriated, redifti green coloured, and mounts
very high by its Clavicles about any Tree near it, or creeps along the
Ground, covering it for fome confiderable breadth, putting fofth alterna¬
tively Leaves, Clavicles, and Flowers. The Leaves are large, of a whitrlh
green colour, having two points, and as it were a want or defedt in room

Nnn of'

of the third, as if one had by Art cut of the third point, refembling in this
the Leaves of the Tulip-Tree, or the Acetofa rotundifolia repens Ebcracenfs fo¬
lio in medio deliquium patients Morjf. The Clavicles are ftrong, and the
Flowers very Small, of a pale red, or flefii colour, in every thing elfe like the
others of this Kind. The Fruit is oval, having fix red Lines on it, and
contains leveral, long, black Seeds, each of which is mdofed in a white
mucilaginous membrane, and plac’d as the others of this Kind.

All the parts of this Plant are without fmell. , „ r

St grows on the Banks of the Rio Cobre, about, and below the Town oi

St. 3 Ugo de la Vega, and elfewhere very plentifully.

XVI. Flos Pafflonis ferfoliatus, five pcriclymem perfoliati folio. Cat. p. 104.

‘‘xhu Paflipn Fltwer has a round, purple Stalk, which has at every two
Inches diftance, as it were two Leaves join d together on one Fide by a Seam
on the other between two Ears, it comprehends or catches hold otth
Stalk, and teems to be perfoliated like the French Honyfuccle. Each Se&ion
or •Leaf is two Inches long, very fmooth, one Inch broad at Bafe where
broadeft, having one Rib from Bafe to end. Both Se&ions or Leaves
are join’d to the Stalk by a iliort , thick, crooked Foot-Stalk. Out of
the Ala of this comes a pretty long Clavicle, which catches hold of any
thing near it, fo rifing or creeping as the others of this Kind. The Leaves
come out alternatively on each Aide of the Stem, where are the Lowers
towards the top of. the Stalk, having an Inch long Foot-Stalks. They arc
purple in colour, made up of five large, and as many narrow Petal*, of
about an Inches length, handing horizontally. It has Tome llrong, green
Filament?,, wjth orange colour’d tops, and a green Stylos, every way like

It grew in a wooddy, rocky Mountains fide in Liguanee, near Mr. Elletfon s

This is not the Faf flora fcaphoides, &c. Fluken. Aim. p. 2.811 being nei¬
ther that delcrib’d by Plumier, nor Hernandez, mention’d by him in that

place

XVI! Fhs tt’JJiems minor, folio in im'UimUs non ftrutas prcfandiiis divifo,
fore lad, Cat. f. 104 ,'Uos p^onistrifido folio, flore mimmoftnupetalo vi-
ridi, {rutin minima, nigrd, molli. Breyn. prod. z. p. 4 7* Fl°s faJfionts flore &
f rutin omnium minimis. Par. Bat. p. 177. Granadilla folio amplo tncujpidi,

frutiu oliv£ forma. Tournef El. p. zo 6. Infl. p. Z40. r .

This has a three or four ' indies long black Root, about the bignefs of ones
little Finger, throwing into the Ground feveral long Threads or Strings very
deep, from the top of the Root, are (cattered on the furface of the Ground,
or climbing any Plant for four or five Foot high, feveral round, green,
tough Stalks, befet alternatively at an Inches diftance with Leaves fet on one
third part of an Inches long Foot-Stalk, being an Inch and a quarter long, and
about an Inch from the end of one divifion at Bafe, to that of the other, be¬
ing divided into three parts or Sedions, cut even almoft to the Foot-Stalk,
each of the divifions having Ribs from the Foot-Stalk. They are of a dark
green (Lining colour, and fmooth. F x alts yoliorum come the Flowers, they
it and. on three quarters of an Inch long Foot-Stalk, are very tender, and of
' a greenilh yellow colour, in every thing refembling thofe of the other Paftion
Flowers, and after them follows the Fruit, in every thing like the others of

tjiis Kind, only (mailer. ... w

It grows in all the rocky Banks and Sides of Hills in this Ifland.

This

The Natural Hijl ory of J amaica. 231

This is not the Flos pjjiwis folio angufio, fore amplo decapetalo, &c. of
Breynius prod. 2. p. 47, as I once queftion’d, but is mentioned by that Au¬
thor by the name above recited. This is the Clematitis Indica folio hede-

rraceo, &c, Plum, notwithflanding Dr. Plukenefs contrary Opinion, p. 146 of
his Mantiffa. ft-

XVIII Flos pdffmis minor , folio in tres lac'mas non for rat as, minus profun ■=
das, divijo . Cat. p. 1 04. P a ff flora hepatic a nobilis folio parvo non crenato, flore
rx dul&o virldante. Pluk. Aim. p - 282. GranadiUa pumila , fore parvo, luteo
Aitxmdri Edam. Geo. a Turn. Cat. p. $5. An Clematis feu flos pafftonis fore
luteo, Murum] a Mcxicam. Bellucc. fart. Pif. p. 18? Alia Mitrucu j<e Species
Marcg.r. p.yz ? Alia Mnruaijise fpccies foliis heder& fcandentis. Rail, hi ft. p.656 ?
Chmastitis feu flos pjtffionis fore virifi. F/ort. Reg. Par, if. p. 5 3 ? Clematis paf-
honis be der<e folio fioribus parvis herbaceis, f rtf flu minimo quando mafurus nigro.
D. Bmifi. apudRaium, hifl. pl.app.p, 1874 ?

1 his^is in every thing the fame with the precedent, only the Leaves are
mat do rdeeply .divided, the end of the Leaf .having only two great notches,
or defects for divifions.

It grows on the rocky Banks or Hills, every where through the. Wand.

XIX. sSmilax.afpera, fru flu nigro, r/idice .nodosa, magna, Uvi, farinacea, Chf
na difla. Cat. p. iay. • 143. Fig. 1. An f mi lax vitieulis afperis Virginia
ana. foli is angufis Uvibus mills anr kalis pradita, Pluken. Phyt. Tab. no. Fir. 4.
,Alm..p. 34.9 ? China Root of Dampier, cap. 15.

This has a Root .as big , as the thickeft part of ones Leg, though fome-

- times it be no bigger than ones Wrift, having feyeral fwellings, being crooked
and jointed,, having fbme fhort. membranes here and there, and a thin red-
juifli. brown Skin, .within -which is a friable light red coloured fubfiance, more
mealy than fibrous, yielding a reddifh tincture to water. The Stalk is round
as thick as ones little Finger, very thick fee with fhort and fliarp prickles

i. green, turning its felf round any Tree or Plant it comes near, and rifin^ with
their help to i fifteen- Foot Jhigh, putting forth Leaves, the lowermoft of
which are, very dike thofe of the Smilax afpera,, beinglcordated, fmooth, of a

- very dark green colour, .with Nerves running through the Leaves like thofe
of Plantain. :The Twigs go out towards the ends of the Branches, having

; hereiand . there' Leaves, fmaller, narrower, and thicker fet than the others
i which are on the Stalk, mot.fo broad at Bafe,_and in greater numbers. The
Flowers come out on the ends of the Twigs being feveral together Handing
on an half Inch long Petioll, taking their Original from the fame common
Lencer„' umbel-fafhion, each of which has fix Pet ala, or very fmall and green
-Apicer, fianding.round a green, fliort Stylus. After thefe follow fo many blackifh
Bernes, being round, of the bignefs of thofe of Ivy, containing, within
animravoury purple Pulp, one round purple Stqne, as big as that of Haws.

It grows on the red; Hills very copioufiy, the moifter the ground is where¬
in it grows: the greater the Roots, and the worfe to be cured.

1 The Leaves of this, ace .both ear’d and long, fo that I doubt concerning
• it, wkithernt may not, be. the fame with both. Dr. PJukenet’s mention’d here
n and. in my Catalogue. ’

Twas firft known. on the Eaf -Indies from China, in 153 7. Lugd.

This is. ai fed: -for China, Roots, and yields a much deeper Tindure
; ; than 0 bat ,of the Eaf -Indies, whence I think it much better for the purpofes
to which it is employed , than that which is Worm eaten coming from
China, although Pifo icons to be of another mind.

It yields a Gum called Tzitcli, which the Indians chaw to firengthen the
Teeth The Decodio,, is good againfl Chronical Dirtempers, againfl: the
French Pox. Oriental China has a lighter, not fo firm, tenderer, and lefs

Adflringent

232-

jhe Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

Adftringent Root, and yet this Kind

if the fartie methods are followed. It is * cJLarh expel line Wind,
Sfg' Flcgm, ihich dudes other

StS

hoiling one Ounce 'T w^i in Ld Wing two hours after, and ano-

to ten : they drank a draug > J £ t|ie day, making it

the. two hours before Supper and cold o*att«s ot ^ ^ .

frelh every day ; and many ule rvmflion when going about their

morning and evening in Wine, or its o n pteferv’d with broken

Bufmefs, or failing, with happy fuccek. s cei ^

LZToftL&;!!talsWair,salfo0iiroper in Vener’eal Difeafes, but the De-

lib. 4. «P. a. f. 394- teUsus that Chim Roots are a

cure a fort of F* ^ “w“

Stink, it came to the knowledge of t ^ Don Martin Al-

Chinefe Merchants, Nacmach and iM* , Jral ^ § with the Pox by it,

fonfe was cured of an otherways »j» ~ d ^ faft fold for its weight

which was known to the Arabians before us, and a^ n
in Gold The Country Mountaineers eat ot it raw, or roue r

k is^l'd in Pottage /y fome. / not good, which
The White is the beft, is it fo 'efficacious as

’the' other. U is when frefh fo tender as to be eat either raw, or boiled as

Turncps here with Fleffi. Fragof.

f^ bv £, Z^tZldZuLi^, in the Places mention’d in
It appears by L , for Bread in Virginia, from thefe

my Catalogue, that th |,opt into fmall pieces and ftampt,

ffnm Roots, ((ays Har»0 new or frdh, chopt mto . F

is drained with water, a Juice that ?ellv which is much better in raft

■»» riS S s “ »h. ,« r-».

:u ktrais. >«, »» « » ~~ » -

in Florida.

XX. Brr»i* rucemojt

This has a ftriated yellow lfli g Quil{ having at every joint one
Inches diftance, not lo aig Foot-Stalk, each Leaf being

Leaf, {landing on an Inch and a" ! £ ordinary white Bryony. The

deeply cut i«o tht“ Pa«s o i-^keto J

two Seaions at .Bate h poot-Stalks end to the (harp point, two

dion in the middl. is quarters of an Inch over in the mid-

hkewife t^’luclls ftomTneqAuric.e to the other, every SedHoa

has a ndddle^Rib, furnilhing tranfverfe one&

with’whicl^iMnounfs^the 'neighbouring Trees or Hedges, as others of tins
Kli\t groweth every where io Barbados.

XXI. Brr

The Natural Hiftory ^/Jamaica. 235

XXI. Bryonia alba triphylla, geniculata, foliis crafts, acidis. Cat. p. 106. Tab.
142. fig. 5, &6.

The Root is two or three Foot long, reddifh, and fends forth other Roots,
fmaller, pretty long and jointed, creeping under the Surface of the Earth.
The Stalk is jointed, reddilh brown, as big as ones Finger, every joint making
a very Obtufe Angle with that next it, it (licks to Palifadoes or Trees bv
Clavicles, and on its upper parts towards the top, is befet with a great
many Leaves, three always together on a pretty long Foot Stalk. 'The
Leaves are thick, juicy, lower, and cut in pretty deep on the edges like a
Saw. The Stalks towards the tops are always red. The Flowers (land to¬
wards the tops of the Branches in bunches or Corymbi, like Ivy, and arc of
an herbaceous colour. After tliefe follow feveral, little, round Bernes, no
bigger than a (mall Pea, of a black colour, (landing on an half Inch Jong
green Foot-Stalks. The Pulp is of a blackifh green colour, and contains
one fmall round Stone, having a white Kernel within it.

It climbs the Trees in the Woods in feveral places, and grows near the
River Tides, and about die Palifadoes, near the Town of Sc. Jago de la
Vega.

It Flowers in May.

The Juice of this is ufed in Sauces as that of Sorrel

W’hofoever pleafes to compare the Figures of Bryonoides trifoliatum Indi -
cum, &c. fluke net. Phyt. Tab. 155-. Fig. z. and his Chamadrifolia [can dens,
&c. Phyt. Tab. 8 r. Fig 5. and has feen this Plant, will be ready to think
the lad only a Figure taken from a dry’d Plant, from which the Leaves are
drop’d off, and the firft from the fame Plant, growing in a Garden, not¬
withstanding what that Author fays, p. 33. of his Mantiffa.

XXIF. Bryonia alia geniculata, viola feliis , baccis e viridi purpurafcemihis.
Cat. p. to 6. Tab. 144. Fig. 1. An Bryonia alba l avis Americana f cor tics
albo nitente D. Fluke net. Phyt. Tab. 272. Fig. 3. Almag p. 71 j> Vel an Bryc*
nia Americana frtittu aureo , cerafi parvi magnitudine tet/apyrene venenato. Bar -
badenjibus nojlratibus Poifon Wythe, vocata. Ejufd, Aim , p. 71. Tab. iyi„

Pig- 4*

This has jointed or geniculated Stalks as big as ones little Finger, and
riles, catching hold of any thing it comes nearby its Clavicles to feven, eight,
or even thirty Foot high, being round, greenilh, every joint an Inch long!
making a very Obtufe Angle with that next it, and putting forth Leaves!
Clavicles and Flowers. The Leaves (land on an half loch long Foot-Stalks,
arc four Inches long, three broad at the round Bale where broadeft, being of
a dark gren colour, and fomewhat refembling the Leaves of Violets. The
Flowers are many, fmall, of a pale yellow colour, (landing many together
as the others of this Kind. After thefe follow Berries of a purplilh green
colour, like thofe of the other Bryonies or Ivy.

It grows near the Town about old Palifadoes and Trees, as likewifef
near the Bridge over Black River, on the Trees growing there, very co-
pioully.

XXIII. Bryonia alba triphylla maxima. Cat. p. 1 06. Tab. 144. Fig. 1.

This has a many-cornered Stem about the bignefs of a Goofe-Quill It
has, at every Inches or more interval. Leaves, three always together at a
crooked joint, and a Clavicle oppofite to that, three Inches long, and catch¬
ing hold of any Tree they come near. The Leaves (laud on an "inch and an
half long Foot-Stalks; that oppofite to the Foot- Stalk, or in the middle,
being an li®h and an half long, and an Inch broad near the further end

O o o where

234 The Natural Hiftory oj Jamaica.

rtf-'

where broad eft. They are fmooth, and of a yellow ifh green colour. What
the Flower and Fruit were I did not obferve, though 1 am apt to think, by
its Leaves and Clavicles, it may be a Briony, of the Kindred of thole
defcrib'd before, and therefore I put it among them.

This is not the Bryonia fideritidis felio multiplici, difpermos, florc cccrulec.
from. Bon. fvei. flukenet. Phyt. Tab. 151. Fig. 1. Aim. p. 71. as Dr. Pi abend
fufpe&s in his Mantiffa. p. 33.

it grew on the larger Trees in the Road to Guanaboa, and at Mrs. Guys
Plantation.

... ■ 1 ■

XXIV. Bryonia nigra fruticofa, racemi ramulis varie implicit is, atque caudn
fcorpionis inflar, in fe contort is, baccis albis una vel altera nigra macula not a-
tis. Cat.p. 10S. Tab. 143. Fig. 2.

The Trunc of this Plant is near the Ground, as thick as ones Arm, woody,
turning about any Trees it comes near, fmooth, hard, and of a dark brown
colour, branch’d into a great many Twigs, crooked, and turning round any
thing they come near, rifing feven or eight Foot high, towards the ends
of which are plac’d alternatively the Leaves. They ftand at half an Inches
diftance from one another, on an eighth part of an Inch long Foot-Stalk,
are an Inch long, and half an Inch broad in the middle where broadeft,
fmooth, and of a dark brown colour, and a little bowed back. At the tops
of the Twigs come out feveral two or three Inches long crooked Branches,
very variously turn’d, t willed, and bow’d one within another, each of which
is turn’d like a Scorpions Tail, or the Heliotropes, and fuftains on none,
or very fmall Foot-Stalks, a great many very final!, five-pointed, herbace¬
ous Flowers-. After thefe follow fo many Berries as big as Pepper Corns,
round, firft green, but when ripe, white, markt with one or two black
fpecks, and containing, lodged in a Pulp, one or two black, round Acini
or Seeds.

It grows about the Palifadoes in the Town of St. Jago de la V 'ega, and in
the Woods of the Savannas about any Trees or Shrubs it comes near.

I have perufed what Dr. flukenet fays in his Mantiffa, p. 187. concerning
this Plant, and remain of the fame Opinion as when I wrote my Catalogue,
that it is what he calls Virga aurea Americana frutefeens glabra , foliis fubtus
cafiis, comis ad fummitatem in ramulos brachiatos implicatis. Phyt. Tab. 135-.
Fig. 6. Aim. p. 389.

XXV. Bryonia nigra fruticofa, foliis integris exadverfo pojitis, ftore luteo, race -
mofo, feetido. Cat.p.106. Tab. 145". Fig. 1.

This Plant has a Stem as large as ones little Finger, covered with an almoft
fmooth, white Bark, creeping amongft the Trees it comes near, and putting
forth here and there Foot-long Branches adorn’d with Leaves fet at an Inches
diftance by pairs oppofite to one another. Handing on an eighth part of an
Inch long Foot-Stalks. They are three Inches long, and an Inch and a quarter
broad, near the middle where broadeft, being of a very green colour,
fmooth, thin, having one middle, and feveral tranfverfe Ribs. The tops of
the Branches are a great many bunches of Flowers, each one Handing on a
weak Foot-Stalk, in a green Calyx, being long, tetrapetalous, yellow, with
yellow Stamina, and of a very unfavory feent.

It grows on the Road fide, among the Woods, going to Guanahoaye ry plen¬
tifully.

XXVI. Bryonia nigra frticofa, foliis laurinis, foribus, racemojis, fpeciojis. Cat.
p. 1 06. Tab. 1 4J. Fig. z.

This

The Natural Hi ft or y of Jamaica. 235

This had roundifti, reddifh brown Stalks as big as a Goofe-Quil, by which
it climb’d and turn’d its felf round the Truncs and Branches of Trees, put¬
ting forth here and there Leaves, {landing on one third part of an inch long
Foot-Stalks. They were four Inches long, and near twice as broad in the
middle where broadeft, being narrow at the beginning, and obtufe at the
end, whole, very fmooth, and having an eminent middle Rib, running
through the middle of the Leaf. At the top of the Branch are Flowers
Handing in a bunch together, being many very beautiful and fmall.

I gathered it, if i rightly remember, in St. Maries , near Cabefa del oro in
the North-fid e of this ifland amongft the Woods.

XXVII. Solanum bacciferum primum, feu cjficinarum. C. B. Cat. p.io6. So¬
larium fruElu nigro , Rudbeck. Brom . p. 108. An folanum Indicum vulgar i [mile,
florihus all is parvis. Pluk. Aim. p. 349 ?

This has a green Stem, as big as ones little Finger, having fome very
narrow membranes which make it look angular, rifing two or three Foot
high, either ftraight up, or amongft other Shrubs. The Branches are
inveigled among one another, fpreading themfelves on every hand , and
having Leaves (landing on a quarter of an Inch long Foot-Stalks, being an
Inch and an half long, and half as broad near the middle where broadeft ;
very much finuated on the edges, foft, of a dark green colour. Towards
the tops of the Branches come the Flowers, (everal together from the top of
an half Inch-long green Foot-Stalk, each whereof is made up of five white,
or pale yellow reflected Petals, with Orange colour’d Apices, (landing up in
the middle making an Umbo. After thefe follow round Berries, as big as
Pepper-Corns, fmooth, black when ripe, containing in a thin Pulp a great
many very fmall, roundifh, fiat, white Seeds.

It grew near the Church-yard back-fide, and near Mrs. Guys’s Houfe in a
Gully in Guanaboa.

The Leaves of this are boil’d and eaten by Negros in their Pepper-Pots or
Potages.

The Leaves being applied cure Wounds of the Shins, Fifiures of the
Nipples, and are good againft all Inflammations. They are Anodine, and
good againft the Inflammation and heat of the Anus, the Juice being put up;
but becaufeof its very cooling and adftringent quality, it muft be cautioufly
ulcd. The Bark bruis’d and put into water, intoxicates Fifties (o that they
may be eafily taken. Pifo.

I only doubted whether the Jamaica and European Nightftiades were the
fame, on account of the Leaves, being eaten there, and the European com¬
monly accounted not wholelome, but when I found by Cordus , Dorft.&c. that
the common Solanum was anciently flowed for Meat, I am confident ’ris in
every thing the flame, eflpecially fince the colour of the Berries differs in the
European Plant.

The Leaves cool, being applied to St. Anthony s Fire. It is good for a hot
Stomach. Beaten with Salt and applied, it difcufles the Parotides, Fuchft.

It is good againft hot Apofthems. Dorft.

The diftill’d water outwardly or inwardly ufed is cooling in Inflammati¬
ons, outwardly the Leaves being applied to the Head helps Phrenfies, and
all Inflammations. Lon.

Tragus fleems to be confufed as to this Plant, and fays that *tis not edible.

The Leaves are cooling and adftringent. It is hazardous to apply it
outwardly, it being Repercufftve, and not to be us’d in Eryfipelats, &c. Dod.

The Juice, with Oil, is good in the Phrenzy, &c. Math.

The Leaves eaten are adftringent and cooling. Gal.

The

2 3 6 The Natural Hi /lory of J amaica.

The Boys eat the raw Berries. It contemperates (harp and biting humours.

Schvrendf

The juice is ufefui in Cancers. Cam.

The diftiird water is good in Fevers. Lob,

XXVIII. Solarium baccifcrum, cauls & folks tomento incanis * (pinofts, fore
luteo, frtttfu crcceo , minors. Cat. p. 107. Tab. 144. Fig.y An folanum fpinofum
Jamaicenfe glabrnm foliis parvis minus fro funds lad ni at is, Pluk . Aim. p. 351.
Pbyt. Tab . 316. Fig . $ ? An folanum Amzricamm , iomsntofum folio verbafci
parvo, fruUu flaveftente. Flam, Tournef In ft. p. 150?

The Stalks of this Plant are very thick fet with fhort crooked prickles, the
points downwards, woolly, round, and about three Foot high, having Leaves
let alternatively every Inch and halfs dilb nee, about fix Inches long, and five
broad, beginning narrow, and ending in a point, very much fnuated on
the edges, very rough, downy, of a whitilh green colour, and having one
middle Rib, and feme tranfverle fmaller ones, in everything like thofe of the
Solarium fpinofum frucht rotundo . C.B. Pin. only leffer, both befet with prickles.
In the middle fpace between the Leaves come out the Flowers, two or three
together on the fame half Inch long, hoary Foot-Stalk, monopetalous, though
the Ora be divided into five Petala, reflected back, of a yellowifli colour,
and having in the middle many Apices (landing up together, making an
Umbo , as the other Solanums. After each of thele follows Spherical Orange
coloured Berries, as bigas Field Peafe, having five green Capfular Leaves un¬
der them, and being full of final!, white, comprefied, irregularly figur'd Seeds,
lying in an Orange colour’d Pulp. 1

it grows on the Tides of the Streets of the Town of Sr, Jago de la Vega,
near the old Monaftery, and on the Tandy and gravelly Banks of the Rio
Cobre , below the Town on the fame fide of the River.

The Leaves and Juice are good to temper and cleanfe Wounds and Ul¬
cers, and although it be bitterifh, yet ’tis not hot. Their Roots are very
bitter, and of thin parts, and excellent Vertue, efpecially the Male. Its
Deco&ion is Diuretick. 1 hey open Obflru&ions of the Liver and Pro-
Rates, being us’d inflead of the opening Roots. It is very much efteem’d
both by the learned and unlearned. Pifo.

The Leaves of this Jurepeba, which are not prickly, are commonly us’d
to heal Ulcers of the Legs. Marcgr.

Margrave making mention of this, but of no dillinclion of Sex, I am ape
to believe Pifo was impos’d upon; efpecially fince he does not explain him-
(elf fuffieiently about it.

The Root given to half an Ounce purges all Humours downward. Hern.

The Deception of the Root is good in burning Fevers, and with Honey
in Catarrhs, and in the Strangury with fosne Cardamoms. It is proper for
windy Guts. The Juice of the Roots and Leaves is good for Conco&ion,
and the Juice with Sugar is good for the forenefs of the Bread. The De-
co&ion of the Leaves is good for the Itch with Sugar and Lime. H. M.

XXIX, Solatium frutkofum baccifcrum fpinofum , flore cosruleo . Cat. p. 108.
Tab. 145. Fig. 3. An folanum Americamm fruticofum, perftea foliis aculeatum.
Plum. Tournef In ft. p. 149 ?

This Shrub by crooked woody Stems, as thick as ones little Finger, co¬
vered with a whitilh coloured Bark, and having here and there fome
lharp, fmail, and fhort prickles, rifes three or four Foot high, having
feveral Branches and Twigs of a green colour, and, without any order.
Leaves (landing on an half Inch long Foot-Stalks, they arc two Inches and
an half long, and almod one broad, fomewhat rough, and like thofe of the

Amo mum

The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica.

237

Amomum Plinii. Ger. Towards the ends of the Branches Band ,

pentapetalous Flowers, having fiveOran?e-colonrrd e* “ ? feveraI Purpk
Handing ftraighc up in’ the nfij f°^

i~ P,W"' haV,ng fmaU flat &eds> white, ao'd oAhe tPc ^
It grows in the Sand by the Sea-fid e near nu ur 7

elicit Town to Co,ond ^ p,~ » &

C'B. c, ,. IOI.

£t\Tg° vi°u-

Tab. 74 ? Mad Apples. * io./>.i47.

or K "Pl» “ PUrPIe ^ three

on four Inches long purple Foot-Stalks. They [7cte '"g

» istf £ £r ff“ £t b/S-l' S4?

come out feveral on the fame Foot-Stalks t-hev g Tie lowers
Or* divided into five Sections K!„P a- y bei,ng monopetalous, the
other Nightfhades Tl- f • u. ^ “ eVery thlllg like thofe of the
round Stalk, ending Sgerftrft nurok gH *•» a narrow

gous Pulp, a great .fumbfr if flat,P^dit ferwnS^r”^1"2 afui"

•*» «

eaten by the ^ ’ d“tt 33 Turneps' is TCty ™ch commended, and
The ufed it in their Meats Knt it

is^eetilh, flat, and bitterifl, ,t is only for Ihow (Sfe «

It is eaten as Mufhrooms. Ru dlius.

It is boil’d and eat as Mufhrooms. Cafalp

4° U"der thC EmbCrS’ b°iIed “ ftied* eTCfy day ’tis eat in Em<.

It is eaten to promote Venery. Math

breed Melancholy, &c. Lai nS’ darkcn cIle Complexion,

areT^tetftkb0,1Lr,th W,"e ^ Peppef’ 3"d taft ,ike ^choaks. They
This agrees in every thing with Nila Barudma H M
efml hfam. ^ prlckles> this has none- Commlinm makes it fifty fifty

Bathlefchain, oblong of Raiolfe l b ™ Eenden^ called

and is there eaten boiled f&Avt’nhoes mentions. ^ ^ ^

4/rif cl fZfcfT^r"4^ 1°™* •• <4 Wn.

cerafi rubre. ifrnAf p /f 7 **' frudn

Wr Berries 1 h ,J°' L^t^» /'«?» urafi e,ufi. Elf. Izf.

[’PP This

The Natural Hi [lory of Jamaica,

This grows in feveral places about the Town of St .Jago de U % and
in CanLa, near Mrs. G»/s Houfe, in her Plantation, but I cannot be pofi-

rive that ’tis wild, it grows likewife in the Cartbes.

They are eaten by feme here, are thought very naughty, and yielding
little Nourilhment, though they are eaten either boild or in Sauce by the

^ They are good to eat, being cooling, givearelilh to Sauces and take off
the ill effeas of Indian Pepper, wliich is coo heating. Joj. Acojh.

or fend in Wine is

g°The8Juice is good for Eyes with Defluxions, againft £njf/>r/u;s. The
Chymici Oil is good for Burns, and to procure fleep rubd on the Temples.
One flept in a frenzy with thefe under him, and in his Hand. J. B.

The Fruit boil’d, or infus’d in Oil, is good againft the Itch. Turk.

XXXII. Solamm veficarhm ireltum folani vulgaris foltrs. Cat. f. no. Alit-
kmri Virginiamm frlctu Intro. Toornef. El f. isui. Zrf. MS>- ^ /»/«
wficaritm Virginiamm paocttmkm annum folio lamgtmfo. Bob. htfi. Ox. fart.,.

This has a four-fquare hollow green Stalk, riflng three Foot high branch’d
out on every fide. The Branches have feveral Leaves fet on an Inch long
Foot-Stalks, they are two Inches long, one broad, ending in i a point, o a
dark green colour, and like the Leaves of the ordinary Solatium. The
Flowers ate on the tops of the Branches, on half an Inch long Foot Stalks,
monopetalous, with five notches in them of a yellowiihvvhite colour. After
thefe follows red Bladders, in all things like thofe of 'Alkekengt.

. It grows by the Rio Coin in wet places above the Town. • .

The Fruit is eaten, and tafts like European Winter-Cherries. A Deco&ion

of the Herb fetves to wafh the Legs. Marcgr.

The Fruit is of feveral parts, and takes off the Obftru^ons of the Liver,
and Kidnies, differing only from that of Europe in that its Dmtetick quality is

m ThfRoot is ’hot, cures Surfeits, refolves Wind, provokes Urin, cafes
pain in the Belly mix’d with Indian Pepper. The Deco&ion drank, or the
Hoot to a Scruple in quantity, flops all Fluxes from hot Cauies, and applied

to the Breads drys up the Milk. Hern.

The Indians and Chinefe eat it with Capficum, and love Apples. The green
Juice is ufed in hot Difeafes of the Bladder and Kidnies, and in Venereal

Gonorrheas , it is a great Remedy eafing pain. Bent.

The Juice diminilhes the Tumours of the Tefticles. The Roots help the
burning Fever, and fried with Oil helps the Dropfie called ptao. H. M.

XXXIII. Tifumdecimum five veficariim fruit a nigroalha macula not at o. C.B.
Cat.p. lio. Corindum ampliore folio fruit u majore , Tournef. EL p. 342. Infi,
p. aii. Cor lndum fruliu majore Fluken. Aim. f.ixo.

This has a woody, cornered, rough Stalk, taking hold of any Tree or
Shrub it comes near by its Clavicles, and mounting to eight or nine Foot
high the tops then falling down, and covering the Tree or bhrub it Climbs.
At about every three Inches diftance it puts forth J.eaves Clavicles and
Flowers at the fame place. The Leaves, Hand on two Inches and an half
Ions Foot Stalks. They are very much divided or lacmiated, cut always
into nine Sedions, Handing three together on the fame common Pettolw,
coming from the end of the Foot-Stalk, that diyifion of the three oppofite

to the end of the Fetiolus, or in the middle is the biggeft, being two Inches

long,

The Natural Hiftory ^Jamaica.

239

long and one broad where broadeft, deeply notch'd, or cut in on the edvel
of adark green cdour, being very fmooth, foft, and thin, the other two?;

aJ>’ being of the lame lhape, &c. only fmaller. The Clavicle'; n *nA
pof.te to the Leaf, being five Inches long Ex dis fouLm come rh^? 0P"
fevera together, Handing on three Inches long Foot-Stalks bene whiri0"^
tapetalous, and very open. After the Flowefs follow chtd cornfld 51“'
Bladders, having in each of them three diftimft Cells, and in ever’y o^enf
thefe lies Meed to a membrane, a round, dark, fcown or black

tnTLlof a/mal| FiddPea’ having three Triangular Lines meet’
ing at the Center of a clay coloured, or whitilh triangular or coXS

fpot which is at the place where ’tis join’d to the Bladder! or its bilj *
grew onlome Bulhes, on the Banks of the Rio Coin, a little below the
Town and very cop.oufly among the Shrubs on each fide of the wav Il l

through the Thickets near the Mmeque Savanna, in the North fide’ of?f
maica, and m the Caribes. tul Iiae ot Ja'

di;bIaKh.d.Var‘ety0f thiS’ whichisin every tiling Iefs, but I believe it no

From the hkenefs of the divifion of the Leaves of this to thole nf pflrfW
it got the name of wild Parfley in the Caribes. 6 °* Par^e^ *

This is no Solarium, becaufe it has no Berries. Gefn
Its nor IJopyrum. Col \ *

Its thought good for Difeafes of the Heart. Schmncf
The Seeds occalion greater Sleep than Opium. Cord.

W?fer\and appiifd 5ures the G°uc» and coldnefs o!
D,r J^ints Y c ? . ™efs* .The Juice of the Leaves with Zit Avanacu Oil

crnnrl'f ? g?°d for the gouty> wich black Cumin Seed ’tis

good for the Heartburn, the beaten Leaves are onnd I . ??

With Sugar, and boil’d in Oil it is good for the Eyes!^ //. M_ C°Ugh mix d

*£& *****

Tins by round, fmooth, brown Stems, rifes to a great heighth mounting
by its Stalk fometimes twenty Foot high, more or lefs, a§ccordmg to the
Tree or Shrub it Climbs, having Leaves at every half Inch’s diftance fan*
njg on one third part of an Inch long Foot-Stals, beingufually nine Leaves
plac d by threes on the fame common, finall Foot-Stalks, thofe three in the
middle, or Handing oppofite to the Foot-Stalk, being the largeft and that

feat I 1 b ’"I f ^ mlddle Ci?e krSe11 Leaf, being more thin an Inch
long and about half as broad near the further end where broadeft fmooth of

a yellowiih green colour, augmenting from the Foot-Stalk to near the end and

oa"JfdecreaRng i° tle P°ml:' 0n the tops of tbc Brandies come the Fruit
Handing in Bunches or many together on branched Twigs, having fmall

Clavicles. Each of them is a Triangular Head, having thXplain fidfs and

three very fmall extant membranes, or Iharp Corner! red or black when

P afe wSiTww! d're%larg%black’ flring’ almoft ™nd Seeds c?
mhe’ir^ cifda, ’ Eye0tSP°C’ at that pla“ where they were join’d

on!tlf=II«IIn w% FmA and, the Town’ on each fide °f the Road,

" Trees ?n 'he Woods, and on the Red Hills very plentifully

The Fruit bruifed and put into water intoxicates Fillies. ^The green
^alfiiig them ’ ^ S°°d f°C Wounds’ vulnerary8 and

XXXV. Cap*

*r i

'■ V * •

24°

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

XXXV. Capficum minus fmffit rotMldo, er'ffo, ncemmo. Cst. f. • ?

ficm fin Vis firreffis woody Branches, two

From a woody brown ftrong Rooter ™| ‘e™aand Jcr parts o{ this

*ofe

“iy^untnobigger Itan a Field-Pea, and full of fuch fma.l Seeds as
are common to others of *his ■ Parrots and other Birds refort to it

« * ?-«■. *» ■» ** ***"■ -1 •" *c

tl Tire Birds, 7~« and S««*, feed of this, and their Dung produces

*’ ^owdered'withSahf'tira'portable Sauce ^tde Room and agreeing ai¬
med to every Dilh and Pallat, being mnt d wrth Gravy or Vrnegar.

V' "f 1 ! . ‘.“vi''. fTr'i. tis'h ^ i. i "1 1 firfl Vot, f,™ tl« IV#

Inlks, to Grow the rarities of them, and was then admrred. Lopez. do Go-
^Merchants brought it from Bra/ile, though it be not fo good as MMgoUe.

”E 315^^*

SSI. *4*2% r?r““"

s»25 -

r° o.f£. Jls SSSXR^S

3T lXPor Salt a„d t powder;d and n.1X-d together It hurts tire Bread
whole, or bait, and it p f , on Coals, and the Fume re-

«fveW Mo«rof NoSftnh°l 'The Leave/and Roots are the Frrd Ingredi-

ents of hot Baths. Ptfo.

4

The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica. 24 1

wordens foliis majoribus furrettum fruttu patvo, oblongo, Ejufd. ib ? vel folani mor-
dentis filiquis furrettis rotundis, alt erum genus fruttu parum acuminata. Ejufd. ib ?
Capficum filiquis fur reel is & oblongis exiguis. Tournef. In fi. p. 152. Capjicum
five piper Barbadienfe fruclu Berberidis acerrimo. Boh. hi(t. Ox. part. 3. p. q 30.

This differs only from the foregoing, in that us not perfectly round, but
pyramidal, and a little pointed.

It grows commonly with it.

XXXVII. Capficum ohlongum minus recurvis filiquis. Park. Cat. p.n 3, Cap.
ficum filiquis recurvis , minus. Tournef. Infl. p. iqx. Piment qui femble du co¬
rail de Biet. p. 3 34. An Solatium mordens ohlongum minus pendeniihus recurvis
filiquis puniceis . Pluken. Aim. p. 3^3 > Fel Solanum mordens propendentibus fili¬
quis oblongis recurvis. Ejufd. ib ?

This is in every part like the other larger Capficums, only its Fruit is
two Inches long, a little crooked, round, about the bignefs of a Goole-
Quill, but towards the end decreafing, and ending in a blunt point, of a
very line (carlet colour.

It is planted by the Inhabitants very carefully in their Gardens, for its
u(e in Pottages, &c. and is us’d indifferently with the Fruit of thofe of the
other Kinds.

This powdered with Salt is made into Loaves, after every Morfel, lome
of which is taken up between the Fingers, and eat by the Brafilians. It is
the only Simple of Brafile deferibed by Matbiolus. Lery.

This is figured in Cordus with two other forts on the fame Shrub, from
Tragus , and in Lonicerus with one other. In many of the old Herbals many
of thefe Capfica are figured together on the fame Stalk.

XXXVIII. Capficum filiqua lata & rugofa. Park. p. 114. Tab. 14 6. Fig. 3.
Solanum mordens fruttu magno petafoide, Bonnet Pepper, nofiratibus vulgo.
Pluk. Aim. p. 3 5 3 . Bell-Pepper.

This rifes four or five Foot high, is in every thing like the other Capficums ,
only the Fruit is large, turbinated, conoidal, or fomewhat (hap’d like a
Bell, whence the Name, hanging down towards the Ground, the fides of it
being deeply finuated or furrowed here and there, efpecially towards the
point.

It is fweet fmell’d. Greg, de Reg.

A little put on Coals, the Fume entring the Nofe and Lungs, excites a
troublefome Cough, not to be remedied but by a Handkerchief wet in Vi¬
negar. Tertre.

It is the molt commonly planted of any of the Capficums, and ufed ex¬
tremely by Indians and Blacks.

It is very often pickled by cutting off the larged part next the Stalk, and
clearing it of its Seed, and putting it into Pickle of Vinegar and Salt.

It is us’d in every thing as the others. The Indians and Negroes make it
the proper Corrective for all forts of Legumina , and Sallets, and will fcarce
abftain from it in hot Difeafes.

Thefe Peppers ought not to be inwardly us’d, having fomething venemous
and malignant in them. Dod.

It is ufed all over Spain for Pepper. J. B.

XXXIX. Capficum filiqua lata non rugofa. Cat.p. 114.

It differs only from the other in making a teller not furrowed Fruit, which
is very Ihining and polilht. This feems to be only a variety of the former.

p:

XL. Capfi*

24-2 The Natural Hi (lory of Jamaica.

XL. Capfcum cordatum propendens. Park. Cat. p, 114. An Solarium mordent
jruffu dependents fubrotundo craffo . Pink. Aim . p. 353 • Vel Solanum mordent
filiqua cordiformi fendula . q'«/^ ^ ? I^dicum cor datum majus filiqua plana

& propendente Hort. Reg. Par if p.iyi?

This Capficvm is like the others in every thing, only the Leaves come out in
oppofite Tufts along the Branches at an Inches diflance. The Fruit is
Conoidal, and inftead of being {harp at point, is blunt, very Ihining, po»
bill’d, and fmooth, exadlylike that of a Womans Nipple.

Jt is planted as the other Kinds.

A Peflary is made of this kind of Pepper, cl. laurin. Gentian and Cotton,
which Vulva ori impcfitum, purgationes Menflruas depcrditas revocat. Taken to
a Scruple it cures Pains of the Uterus , if it be boil d in Wine, and with it
the Hernia aquofa be bath’d it cures it. If the Fruit be infufed in Wine it
takes away {linking Breath, and mixt with Hydrowel , usd as an Errhinum, it
takes away the {fuelling of the Nofe. If infus d in Aqua Vita it helps the
parts grieved with the Palfie if rub’d with it. Mixt with Vinegar it refolves
Apoflems and hard Spleens. Drank with the Decodtion of Bay-Berries it
cures the Colick. Chaw’d with Raifins and Stavifacre, it draws Flegm from
the Head. Boil’d in water the Deco&ion cures the Tooth ach. Drank
with Wine it cuts tough Flegm in the Bread, Lungs, or Guts. It takes away
the cold Fits of Agues if mix’d with ung. de Alabafiro, if it be rub d on the
Back-Bone. With Hens Greafe it refolves Apoftems and Buboes, it cures
the Gout and Nodes, and voids Hydropick waters. Mixt with pil. aloephang .
with Deco&ion of Mallows it is Diuretick. It takes away the Flegm in the
Kidnies, being drank with Saxifrage water. Given to a Scruple with Broath
every morning, it warms the cold Stomach, difcufles Flegm, and di/fipates
Tough Humours of the Stomach. Taken three days together with Decoti.
Tulegii, it expels the dead Child. Gregorius de Regio.

This is one of the three Fruits figured by Tragus on the fame Stalk, and
from him in Cordus Tab. ernamontanus .

It raifes Bliders. Park.

Thofe ufing it are troubled with their Stomach and Yellowilhnefs. Rock
The Root or Fruit bruifed and applied to the Bite of a Mad Dog, cures

it. H.M.

This Pepper is us’d all over the Wefi-Indies, it is hot in the fourth, and
dry in the third Degree. It excites Flatulency, and Venery. It purges *
with griping in thofe not ufed to it, from its Acrimony, but eafily in others;
it helps the Catamenia , and is Diuretick ; it is good againd the Sciatica
made into a Plaider with Honey. The Indians help Hefticks with pricking
their Bellies or Loins with Needles or Pins dipt in this ; but immoderately
ufed it caufes Inflammations of all forts : it is eat by the Indians for ordinary
Food, by others for Sauce. Xim.

Infufed in Spirit of Wine it is Diuretick, and cures Palfies if the part
be often wafhed with it. Mix’d with Hens Suet it refolves Apoflems that
are cold. Inward Apoflems and Abfcefles are caufed by its immoderate ufe.

^ Five Grains of this Pepper makes pleafanter Potage than twenty of the
other from the Eaft-Indies. Marty.

It kills Dogs if eat by them. Chabr.

Hernandez and Ximenes are fo confufed in their Defcriptions, and Names,
that although the Figures are good, yet the Defcriptions are fo very bad
that I cannot make any thing of them.

The Natural Hiftory o/Jamaica. 243

k was the only general Spice of the Weft-Indies, and a Merchandife in
efteem amongft the Indians, fornc ftrong, others eatable, it is only ftrong in
the Seeds and Veins. It is corre&ed by Salt or Tomato- Berries : it is too
hot for young Men, and Venereal, Acofta.

The Decobtion of the Fruit brings away the Dropfie water. Cam.

It is planted very much in Spain, for ufe in their Kitchens, either frelh or

dry’d ’tis in ufe- Cluf.

The Roots, Stalks, Leaves and Flowers, are net in ufe, only the flettiy part
of the Pod and Seed, is planted for Ornament or Ufe. It raifes Putties wherever
applied. In opening the Pod, and taking out the Seed, afubtle Vapor pene¬
trates the Nofe, going to the Brain, and draws out much cough Matter,
caufing Sneefing fometimes, and entering by the Mouth it caufes Cough and
Vomits. The Hands are fo inflamed in holding it, that they mutt be fpeedily
wattl’d for their burning. Cluftus touching his Eyes, when watering, with
this Vapor from the Seed, a great Inflammation came, which had almofl:
coft him his Eyes but they grew well with frequent Lotion with cold water t
burnt they raile a very (linking Smoak. Three of the Silicyu* aredry^d over
the Fire, cut in fmali pieces, mix’d with a pound of Flower bak’d like
Bisket, then feared and kept as the beft Preparation, and gives an Appetite ;
it is good againft old Coughs. Greg, de Reg.

It diflolveth Strums, cures the Sciatica and Quinfie, and Freckles, ap¬
plied to the Face with Honey. Ger.

Mott of the Fruits of .thefe Capfica are firft green, then turn purple, and

afterwards fcarlet. , ,

The Fruit was ufed by the Indians as a punilhment for vagabonds, who

were forc’d for their Faults to receive the fume of it.

It is ufed by the Spaniards in their Chocolate as well as Potages.

All thefe forts of Capfica differ little from one another in Vertues.

XLt. Periclymeum return herbaceum, gentian* folio , folii pediculo caulem ambi*
ente. Cat. p. 1 15. Tab. 147. Fig.

This has a green, round, fmooth, jointed Stalk, fifing about a Foot high,
at every joint having a Leaf, whofe Foot-Stalk encompafles the Stalk at the
joint, making a hollow Tubulus wider then the Stalk about half an Inch
above the joint, which may be able to hold fome water. The Leaves are five
Inches long, and two broad, fmooth, thin, and fomething like the Leaves
of Phalanginm Dipetalon , or Gentian. Towards the top over againtt every
Leaf comes a five Inches long, jointed Foot-Stalk, on the top of which
{land above two green, fmali Leaves, feveral, final!, white Flowers. After
thefe follows feveral,' round, pretty, large, black Acini, cluttered very clofe
together, making one Berry. In each of the Acini lies one black Seed with¬
in a very thin Pulp, which ufually dries away.

It grew in the Woods by the Path going to Sixteen Mile Walk, very co-
pioufly, and in the Woods going to the North-fide, and elfe where.

XLII. Vioh folio baccifera repens, flore albo pentapetaloide, fruit u rubro di-
cocco. Cat. p. 1 1 5. Tyrol* affinis Malabarica Karinta-Kali . H. M. Pluken.
Almag. p. 309. Peritlymeno accedens plant a utriufque India:, folii s periclymeni

rotundioribus fruit u bipyreno. Bob. hi ft. Ox. part. 3. p. 53 T

This Herb has a fmali, round, creeping Stem, putting forth at its joints
many, fmali, fibrous Roots, and having linall Branches, at about one Inches
diftance from one another, each of which is about an Inch and an half long,
having roundifli Leaves, (landing oppofite the one to the other, on an Inch
long, reddilh Foot-Stalks, in every thing refembling thofe of Violets, only
fmaller and rounder. The Flowers come out at the tops of the Branches,

they

244 The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

they are white, and divided in their Margins into five Sections , and to
them follows Several *ed, fmooth Berries, round, as bigas a fmall Pea, con¬
taining an an Orange colour'd Pulp, two oblong, brown Seeds, each of

which is flat on one fide, and rais’d on the other, with a lharp or more
eminent ledge on it.

, Sjfws in lliady, dark, and moifl; Woods in the Path going to Sixteen
Mile W alk, and ehewhere. °

boil’d in Whey it cures the Flux. Boil’d in Oil it cures bloody Eyes.

b H A P. XVI.

Of Herbs with bulbous (Roots, thofe of their I^kdred, and of Herbs
with Flowers that have fix or more Petala or coloured Leaves,

Arcijfus totus albus latifolius polyanthos major odoratus, jl minibus
I'ff m"S<™ extant thus. Cat. p. u5. Autre (one

, Lp;,. f ^arciffus Amerkams, flore multi -

Lilly ' l“ “m Feruvimi- l»ft. ?.3j8. White

This has a tunicated bulb as large as ones Fill, made up of one white thick
Coat over another, as Onions, and having at bafe many white fibers by
which .t draws its Nourilhment. The Leaves are mo Foot long, about
three Inches broad, channel d or being a little concave in the infidc, very
green, juicy and fmooth. n the middle of thefe rifes a flat Stalk, four Foot
high, not hollow, but fill d with a fungous Matter, when cut dropping
water, about one third part of an Inch thick, and being lharp at the edgj
Ac the top of this are fix or feven, or more white Flowers, (landing efch
on a fix Inches long Foot-Stalk, each of which has a white large \uhm
having fix Ribs, very long Stamina, or Lingula with long Apices dividing

“ ’ ‘ ma7 Partf; ,and Ending up above the Flower onlts edge or margin
two Inches long, being there of a green colour. A Stylus of the fame
colours, is in the middle. 1 here are fix white, five Inches long, very nar-
row divided Petala which (land between the aforefaid Linauhe 8 ?

The Flowers of this Plant have a very fragrant fmell.

It grows in the Savanna’s beyond the Black River in the Low-Land Woods

TImZ “ Jm,Ca’ ^ ^ W°°dS " SC' Others, and by the Roads
It IS not only coveted as as ornamental and plealant in Gardens, but like-

P: \9l' LlhdeS AntiUes JArei}l*s a nos Lys jaunes oh Orangers. Roche}. Tabl
Alii}?. }^’mrci^s Americanos pniceo flore Bella donna ditlus. Plukenet]

rlhe ?°n0t of!.tll,is *? ,no ^rger than that of a great Onion or the half
of ones Fift, a little oblong, made up of many white Tunicles or Goars
Hoofing one pother after the manner of Onions, having under its Bafe
many whitilh fibers drawing its Nourilhment. The Leaves ate one Foot

long.

i«r.«.n . ',Ti> , i ' ‘i

The 'Natural Hijlory of Jamaica. 24 f

long, an Inch and an half broad, juicy, of a very frelh green colour, blunt:,
round, or obtufe ar their ends, channel d or furrowed towards the Stem ’
or inwards. The Stalk rifes from the Leaves, being one Foot and an half
high, hollow, of about one quarter of an Inch Diameter, fuftaining on its too
feveral Flowers going out of, or inclofed in a membranaceous Sheath or
Follicle bow’d back, or hanging down by two Inches long Foot-Stalks. Each
of the Flowers is wide open, of a yellowilh and white colour in the middle,
and of a Carnation, or pale red the reft, having in its Center feveral reddifh
and yellow Stamina.

It is planted along the Walks Tides for Ornament in Gardens, and comes
from Barbados, where it is wild. It is laid likewile to grow wild in the Gul¬
lies here, and to come from Surinam.

III. Aloe Diofcorid. & aliorum. Col. min. cognit. fiirp. Cat. p. 1 1 y. Aloe
Muf. Mofcand. p. 289. Aloe vera vulgaris Munt. Phyt. cur.p.z o. Tab. 96. Sem¬
per vive.

This grows every where, where it is or has been planted, but I never faw
any that I thought was fpontaneous, in Jamaica, though enough about old
ruin’d Plantations. It is planted both here, and chiefly in Barbados to make
Aloes to fend into Europe.

In (peaking of this Plant, Pifo fays he never found it Purge, but only
that it was cleaning if ufed by Chirurgeons, which is manifeftly contrary to
Experience, whence may be almoft plainly gathered that he took out of
Marcgraves Notes only, which in this Chapter he calls his own, whereas
what Marcgrave there fpeaks of Teems not to relate to this Aloes, but to
all of them in general, and to the Caraguata-guafu in particular. What
they fay of the Metle, mull belong to that not this, which is the true
Aloes.

The Figures of thefe Plants in Pifo, are To tranfpos’d that I cannot make
any thing of them.

It purges and fortifies the Stomach againft crude Humours. Dal.

It purgeth Choler, Flegm, Worms, opens Womens Obftru&ions, and the
Haemorrhoids. It is good againft Surfeits of Meat or Drink. Wallfd it
fortifies more, and purges lels. It is hot in the firft, and dry in the third
Degree. It preferves Carcafles, Heals bad Sores, flops Bleeding, is good
for the Eyes, being drying, &c. Ger.

The Indians have a Medicine made of Aloes and Myrrhe, call’d Mocebar ,
which they ufe in curing Horfes, and wormy Wounds. A Decodion of
three Ounces of the Leaves, with two Drams of Salt, being boiled over a
gentle Fire, then (train'd over night, and given the next morning to eight
Ounces, gives four or five Stools. If it be bruiled with Milk, and
given to thofe troubled with an Ulcer of the Kidnies or Bladder, it’ cures
them. The fame cures Birds broken Legs, and they are us’d in India to
ripen Swellings. There is great Controverfie between the Greeks and Ara¬
bians concerning Aloes, the laft faying that it ftrengthens the Stomach, and
opens the Hemorrhoids, the others denying it, who were certainly mi-
(taken. ^ The beft Aloes is that which is folid, without empty (paces, and
not mix d carelefly with Sand. The beft formerly was accounted that com¬
ing from Alexandria, which is the fame now coming from Socotora. It
is made likewife in Cambaya and Bengale , but left efteemed. Garcias ah
Ort. Acofta.

Diofcorides fays it is very bitter and ftrong fmell'd.

The Leaves are to be cut tranfverfly, not long ways to cut the Veins,
which drop a yellowilh Juice,of which Aloes may be made, it dropping on a
glazed Tile. Col. 5

R r r There

l

There are three forts of Aloes, viz. Lucida, Citrina, and Hematic a, which
is the word, the firft and fecond are almoft the fame or fuccotrine Aloes,
the laft is black and harder to break. ’Tis odoriferous as Myrrhe, not ill
fuelled, unlefs not good or frefh. Bod* a S tap el.

Tis infipid with us, but grows bitter in Stoves, being bang’d up, the He¬
patic is bed. Cord. .

They take it up in Cyprus before Winter, and hang it up, planting it again

in the Spring. Gefn.

It does not purge lefs mix’d with Honey, and is not hurtful to the Stomach,
Fuchf

It is ufed, the Leaves being beaten, to confolidate frelh Wounds, and for
Corns. Cafalp.

Aloe is of two forts, the Caballina, or Arenofa , and the Sc c at r in a, from
that Ifland or Hepatica, from its confidence it is friable in Winter , and

foftifh in Summer. C. B.

It grows wild about Lisbon , &c. on Walls. Cluf.

This is the true Aloe, from whence comes the Aloe of the Shops. It is
made by cutting the Leaves obliquely, that a yellow juice may come from
the Veins running its length, which is evaporated a little , and makes a
mafs agreeing to the Aloe of Diofcorides, &c. being all diffoluble in water,
and friable to the Fingers. It is purgative, and outwardly applied flops
Blood. The Leaf, the outward Skin taken off, with the juice applied,
cur’d a Palm of the Hand where Nerves and Tendons were hurt. Col.

Pieces of the green Leaf are given to Horfes for the Worms, as a Ho to
Children for the fame Difeafe, with great fuccefs.

It is hang’d up to be ready in Houfes to apply to frefh Wounds. Bark.

IV. Aloe [ecttnda feu- folio in oblongum aculetm abeunte. Mor'tfon. Cat. p. 117.
An Aloe Americana fpinifera anguftis foliis radice bulbofa cujus folia ad pannum
confeiendum Junt apt a. Pluken. Aim. p. 19? Aloe mneronato folio Americana
Major. Munt. Phjt. cur. p. 19. Tab. 91.

I can add nothing to the Defcription extant in Authors.

It grows frequently on the rocky fmall Hills, in feveral places of this
Ifland, in Brafele , Non-Spain, &c. and Flowers generally about May, after¬
wards dying down. Root and all.

The Stalk and Flowers being very flraight, and twenty Foot high, are
planted before Houfes for May-Poles.

The Leaves are us’d to fcour Rooms, Plates, or any thing withal, inflead
of Soap, having a vifeid Juice. It occaftons a great pricking and tingling
in the Hands of thofe which are befmeared with it.

Cloath is made of this, little inferior to Linnen Cloath, and Nets to Fifli
withal, both being made of the fibers of the Leaves.

The Root or Leaves being frefh, and bruifed, and thrown into water, kill
the Fifli, that they caneafily be taken with the Hand. Marcgr.

The Wood is as good as Touch- Wood to kindle Fire, Acofla. or with
another harder rub’d on it to beget Fire, and to hang Hamacs by. Marcgr.

They put forth new Leaves, like Sedums, being hang’d up in a Room.

Tifos Figure is very faulty.

It is fomewhat doubtful whether»this be the fame Plant grows in Mexico,
call’d Maguei or Metl. Columna thinks this differs from it. However moffc
of the properties of that of Mexico agreeing to this, I have fet down the
ufes they in Mexico make of it, viz.

About

The Natural Hiftory <?/Jamaica.

247

is xss t; ss* «tec!

there growth a iharp point like an Awl w ereWi thev 1 "'7 Leaf
pierce through any thing Chilm. * flirfi ,.3. . w they ufe to bore «

they call S Hotylf^’ “d ^ °f “ k‘nd °f Tree* »«**

Tree lerveth for many things, as thel ewe t-i j ? ’ and the

'ri y j- V- z- f- 404. where he tells us it grows ahonr * f

The Indians are given much m rln'nL- k^i m- r 1, aDOUC Mexico. /». 465%

kind of Wine wbch Kl! Wine?f S?ain' and alfo a certain

?t ??£SC&£"jiS-p~

f°n sw;r, snst" '7 • r’"°,°r “C—ss?-^ *w

tsa ,S s a t;ss f**s Sj St “

Saddles, Panne s, and other Vur, for *eedl?s to fw their
make Tiles to corer tiKir Houfi^ , ,“ ,l „ their Horres’ of tI,e «ft they
Her, of. 4. ’ tWy PM * M many <*<*' Purpofes,

Vinef£ , **•

of Knives, befides many medicinable ufes P,J Tables’ and Hafts

»/■ 4,?. X4^. .lPeaki„7oT“w fe ^ Prnha.m.7.

Oviedo in his Coronica de las Indies lib n r*t> v . .

of this and Hcncquen, or Silk-Grafs ’eood^nnpc ti t* tl,acthey make

fame place^ with tins ^‘reTand1 putt"'110" “ pieCf' K

nkd:r «? fr” ** te ns*- - « **

Fields and Gardens'" TlKUam are°f.nod>Thh‘5 1 ‘"‘T ai°‘1C is r“®cientfor
fibrous or nervous part fuppJies the ufes of Fla^H ’ ^ Srai^S Beams> Tlie
Thread or Cloath fthe pK o°f ^7ce^Z7 8%^
and Piercers to make holes in the F?rc Th* r J- f, S,.^a s’ bodkins,
do Pennance on their Bodies neither were rl e ° If*? ^ nWle usd cbem L'0
If this Plant be Lopt or he Tru„c c,n off 7 l °T ,nftrruments ->f War.
rohas (each of which is thirds S. uNc. ^5 OUt forty °r fifty Ar-
of which is made Wine vSJT °J fi°m each <*

of its felf, and drinkable growing bv li.r^ Su,Pf’ T le I-1<luor ,s fweec
mp, then to Sugar. They mbtWaterwirNTl^ tH?a* ** «° %’

Melon Seeds, fdding likLife fomf ,Wn 16 Ju'?’ au^. feme Orange and

they love to be Drunk. Vinegar is made b^''"8 ng.rea‘ents> Wlch which

v ine^ar- 1S made b¥ mixing the Sugar with Water,

and

and expofing it nine days to the Sun. The Juice brings down the Catame-
nh, is Diuretick, opens the Belly, cleanfes the Kidnies, Bladder, and Ure¬
ters, breaks the Stone, it is likewife vulnerary. 1 he rofted Leaf, the Juice
{queez’d out with a little Nitre, takes away Scars if they be yet new, and
anointed therewith. The Leaves- and Trunc are, when bakd, eatable.
The Leaves, rofted and applied, remedy Convulfions, and take away Pains
efpecially if the hot Juice be drank at the fame time, even if they come from

the French Difeafe. . . ’j • t

This Aloes after {landing one hundred years m Avimon, tiowr d witli

them, growing to its full Stature in forty five days, as may be feen by Fon-
t anus in his Epiftle, inCluJiuss Cura P ofteriores.

You muft not exped to make Aloes of the Shops of this. Col.

The Mexican Hiftory, apud Furchas , tells us that the Children of eight or
nine years of Age, were chaftifed with the Thorns of this thruft into their
Bodies, for Difobedience or Negligence, and the Priefts corrected No¬
vices with them, and brought blood for Sacrifices. The Wine made of
this had its inebriating quality from the Root, Tepatcli mix’d with, it. f 990.
This is what the Women Cloath themfelves with in Sibola. Lop. de Go-

mAr\tis ufed for a Fence, andcalled Car don ; Shirts and Hamacsare made of
them. The Fume from it boiled, cures the Pox, caufing very much fweat.

Last tells us of Nequen, a Cloath for the meaner fort in New-Spain, made

of Henequen.

This bruis’d and fteep’d makes Flax, of which they make very white
Cloaths. C. B. and of this I believe Clttfms Thread was made, mentioned

^The Leaves boil’d yields Thread. The Root or Leaves bruifed put in a
River, gives a Juice intoxicating the Filh that they may be taken by Hand.
The great Trunc, dried, burns like a match, efpecially being rubd againfl:
with another. Du Fertre.

The tops and tender Leaves make Conferee, the Leaves are fit for Parch¬
ment, or Cards to write on, and the Vapour from large peices cures the Pox.

Duret.

V. Ca raguata-acanga Pif Cat. p. 118. An Ananas j ylveftris Brafiliana Ker -
hit a vuko . Herm. par. Bat. Cat. p. 3 ? Yellow Penguins of Dumpier. cap. 9.
Ananas Americana fylveflris altera minor Barbados & InfuU Jamaica Penguin
ditfa. Pluken. Phyt. Fab. 158. Fig.q. Penguins _

I cannot add any thing material to the Defcription extant in ieverai Au¬
lt grows very plentifully in the Caribes, and Jamaica, between Pajfage
Fort and the Town, as likewife towards the Sea-fide by the Salt Ponds.

The Fruit is very acceptable by reafbn of its grateful acidity, but it
not only fets the Teeth fpeedily on edge, but likewife brings the Skin off
of the Roof of the Mouth and Tongue. It quenches Thirft extremely, and
on the landing of the Englijh Forces on Hifpaniola, in their want of water,
was thought to (ave many Lives by that its quality.

A Spoonful of the Juice with a little Sugar given to Children, cures
them of Worms, and the Thrulli or Ulcers of the Mouth. It is good in Fe¬
vers. It is very Diuretick, and brings down the Catamenia very powerfully,
even to too great a quantity if the Dofe be not moderated. It caufes
Abortion in Women with Child, of which Whores being not ignorant make
frequent ufeof it to make away their Children. An excellent Wine is made

The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica.

of the Fruit, the Juice being fqueez’d out and kept for ufe ; but becaufe ’tis
ftrong, it intoxicates and heats the Blood. Pifo. '

Pilo's Figure is bad, as is Hernandez’s, if this be it he means, to which
the Description in every thing agrees, but in the fhortnefs of the Stalk.

Jo. de Laet thought it the fame.

The Fruit helps Ulcers in the Mouth from heat. Hern.

It is antifcorbutick, and good in Fevers, Laet.

VI. AloeTucc £ foliis. Cat. p. 118. An Aloe Americana non fpinifra TitcU
Mis Domini Bobart. Pluken . Aim. p.19 t Lucca Virginia™ foliis per amhtnm

prime flat is. Ejufd. ib. p.$ 96 > Tuccafolia flamentofa & bulboja. Ejujd . ib >
Aloe Pita dicta. Hem. par. Bat. cat. p. 3 ? Silk-Grafs.

This has long arundinaceous Leaves, and grows in the laymanes.

This I fuppofeto be what Lerj tells us the Savages in Braftl made ule at
for Fifliing- Lines, and Bow-Strings, and Du T *rtre lays, is made into Stoc -
ings and Hamacks. They make a running Knot fait to a Tree, and to
draw the Leaf through, nrft one way, and then another, and keep the Max
in their Hand. Tertre.

In the Spanijh Galeons that were taken at Vigo, was a good quantity of
a kind of this, or Hemp, or Flax, the fibers whereof were three Yards long,
and very (Long. It was of a grayilh colour ; and I am told is brought to
Spain to be wrought, either there or in Italy, into Point called Punta da pita.

In the Eaft-Indies, in the Kingdom of Orixa, near the River GafKef grovvs
a Plant, wich yields fibers as Flax or Hemp, or this Aloes. The fibers are
whiter than thofe of the Aloes, and finer, and of thefe mention is made m
Hakluyt, in the two following places.

Cloath of Herbs, which is a kind of Silk, which groweth amongft the
Woods, without any labour of Man, and when the Bole thereof is grown
round as big as an Orange, then they take care only to gather them. Ere*

derick ap. Hakl. p.x. p.xjo ? . . . . .

In Orixa is Cloath made of Cotton, and great (tore of Cloath which is
made of Grafs, which they call Term, it is like a Silk, they make good
Cloath of it, which they fend for India, and divers other places.. Fitch, ap.

Hakl.p. 237.

VII. Aloe vifei in modum arhorilus innafeens. Cat. p. up-
The Leaves of this are very large, and like thofe of Aloes, always ready ,
and fit to retain the Rain water, feveral Stalks rife up from among them a-
bout three Foot high, their tops being Cones or Spikes a Foot long, belec
very thick on every hand with an Inch long Foot-Stalks, fuftaining each fe¬
veral Heads, fometimes lower, and fometimes higher. They are oblong,
toundilh, in the middle biggeft, and have each a red top, and three prickles

going out thereat. , r ,

It grows on the large Arms and Truncs of great Trees especially thofe de¬
caying through Age. ^ „ , -

In fcarcity of Wells or water In dry Countries, Travellers come to this

for relief, it being capable to hold much pure water, able to extinguilh their

Thirft. The beft Polypody grows on this.

The Thread lies on the Surface, whereas in the other Aloes it lies within.

This feems to be mention’d by Knivet, viz. Thus feeing my felf at the

Jaft caff, I efpied a great Tree, in which grew a thing of thick long Leaves,

called by the Indians Car av ala ; as big as the Neft of an Eagle, 1 got me

into that, &c. Knivet. ap. Purchas, lib. 6. cap. 7. §. x. p.izto. where he hid

bimfelf in k from the Indians fhooting at him.

S- f f VIII. Orchis

25°

The Hafural Hi (lory of Jamaica.

VlIT. Orchis el at tor latifolia afphodeli radice , [pica flrigcfa. Cat. p. 1 19. Tab-
147. Fig z,

The Root of this was double, fungous, two or three Inches long, be¬
ing fomewhat of the fhape of thofe of the AfphodePs or Oenantkcs , and not
fo round as thofe of the Or chides Tefiiculat/e. The Stalk was about a Foot
and an half high, being (lender, jointed, and befet with Leaves alterna¬
tively, which had Foot-Stalks of about an Inch long^ by their under part
next the Stalk incompalfing it, and 'making a Sheath for it. The Leaves
are about three InchiS long, and one and an half broad in the middle where
broaded, whence they decreafe to both extremes, ending in a point, being
nervous, and fomething like the Leaves of Saponaria. The top of the Stalk,
about two inches in length, is a (lender Spike of Flowers, under each of
which is a fin all membranous Leaf.* the Petiolus of the Flower is crooked,
the Spur blunt, the Labellum fmall, and the Galea large, and divided as others
of this Kind.

it grew in the Woods of Mount Diablo.

IX. Vi {cum radice lulbcsd majus & elatius, delphinii flore ferruginco guttato .
Cat. p. 1 1 9. Tab. 148. Fig. 1. An Tzauxcchiil. Hernandez, p. 433 ? vel
Amazautli. Ejufd. p. 349 ? Uracatn Marcgr. p. 35 ?

This grows on the Truncs and Arms of Trees, as Mifletoe, or others of
this Kind, and is the larged of all thofe I have met with of its fort. The
Roots are large, and the Leaves many, long, narrow, fmooth, of a dark
green colour, and fbmewlr t like thofe of our common White Lillies. The
Stalk is round, tough, brown, crooked, rifing fix Foot high, and join at
every eight or nine Inches didance, where are Branches Handing draight
out with leveral Flowers, whofe Foot-Stalks are an Inch long. The Flowers,
themfelves are of fix or feven Petala , each of which is narrow at the begin¬
ning, and round towards its end, being of the fhape of a Spoon, only not
hollow, of a ferrugineous colour, and (potted, except one difform, hooded
Pet alum , which is in the middle of a white colour, and within which are
fcveral Orange colour’d Stamina.

It grows on the Truncs and Arms of Trees, between the Town and the
Salt-Ponds.

X. Vifcum radice bulb of a minus , delphinii flore rubro fpeciofo. Cat. p. *19.
Tab. \n. Fig. z. An vifcum arboreum feu epidendron f cilia foliis Barbadenjium.
Pink. Aim. p. 390 ?

This has a great many white, thick fibers or Roots, like the fibers of
Leeks, or Capreoli of Ivy, taking firm hold of the Trees Bark whereon it
grows, and being matted, or Interwoven one within another. When united
they fend up one thick greenifh, almod round, a little comprefs’d bulbous
or tuberous Leaf or Root, of an Inch Diameter, cover’d with fome brown
wither’d Filaments. From the top of this comes two fmooth, driated, hol¬
low, hard, light colour’d green Leaves, three Inches long, and one broad,
between which fprings out a naked, brown, jointed, round, fmooth Stalk,
about a Foot high ; near, and at the top of which Hand feveral long, red-
dilh purple Flowers, very beautiful, made up of fix Petala, five whereof
are broader, and fhorter than the others of this Kind, Handing round, and
inclofing in their] Center a fixth large difform one, or inward Flower, like
the Flower of Lark-Spurs, which is in the inner part thereof yellowifh, with
purple dreaks.

The Natural Hiftory o/Jamaicl 251

It grows on the Ebonies, and other Trees in the Savanna Woods, very
plentifully, as alfo on the Paliladoes inelofing the Gardens of the Town
of St. Jago de la Vega. Terrentius ap. Hernand. his Defcription is as cxadtas
can be from the Figure of this Plant.

XI. Vifcum delphinii flore minus, pet alls e viridi albs cant Hus anguflioribus ra-
dice flircsd. Cat.p. 120. Tab. 121. Fig 3. Orehidi affinis plant a par afttica folio
craffo julcato. Par . Bat. p. 187. Epidendron Curajfavicum folio craffo fulcato
vulgo Ejujd. ibidem.

Several Capreoti, a little longer, but of the colour and bu,nefs of thofe of
climbing Ivy, warp and knit themfelves one within another, (licking very
clofe on every fide to the Bark of the Tree, or Palifado/ or even into the
Body of the Tree, (for the moll part rotten) on which they grow. From thofe
Roots come out feveral purplilh, round, jointed Stalks, from the upper-
mod joint, about two or three Inches from the Root, (each of the under In -
ternodiums being very diort) (lands one pointed Leaf, which is very thick
or almod round, three or four Inches long, of the bignefs of a Goofe-
Quill, the two infides flatted, purplifti in colour. Out of the infide of this,
upon a three, four, or five Inches long, green, round Foot- Stalk, or top of
the Stalk come feveral Flowers, having a long green Calyx, with five green-
ifli white, narrow Petala, (landing Star-falhion, and in the middle is one
white hooded, iarge, difform Petalum, of a very odd (liape, and to thefe
follow an angular Tricapfular knob, very like thofe of feveral of the
bulbous Tribe, in which is contained a white, very fmall Farina .

it grows on old Palifadoes and Trees, about the Town of St. Jago de U
Vega.

XII. Vifcum delphinii flare albo guttata minus , radice fibrosa. Cat , p. 120.
Tab. 148. Fig. 2.

This from a matted Root like the others of this Kind, fends out feveral
Leaves three Inches long, and not one quarter broad, aimed triangular, and
of a yellowifh green colour, from the midd of which comes a Stalk in every
thing like the former, only the Flowers are more, and different, viz. each
is made up of four little white Petala, fpotted with brown, and one large
one with fewer fpots, on which is a fmall yellow Hood, as in the Flowers
of Larks-Spurs, and oppofite to it, one like it of a blue colour, all ftand-
ingon Inch long Foot-Stalks, round the top of the Stalk.

It grows on the Ebonies every where, efpecially on the way towards the
Angels.

XII. Vifcum delphinii flore minimum. Cat. p. izo. Tab. 148. Pig, 3.

This was for Roots, manner of growth, &c exactly the fame with the
preceding, only much idler. The Leaves were driated, green, carinated,
and long, the Stalk not over three Inches high, having two or three
leffer Leaves on it. On the top of the Stalk were four or five Flowers,
{landing on crooked, large Foot-Stalks, which are the Rudiments of the
Fruit. The Flowers were (b fmall that their Petala and parts were not eafily
to be didin&ly difeerned, but I fuppofe they were the fame with the
others.

It grew on the Truncs of Trees by the way going to Guanaboa on the Red
Hills and other places.

This is very like Tsferou-MathMaravara. H. M. p.iz. p.n. Tab.- but
leffer.

# XIV. Nym*

i

4fa

252 The Natural Hiftory oj J amaica.

XIV< Nympu alba major. C. B. Cat.f. 120.

I could not obferve any difference between that here and in Europe.

It grows in a Pond near the Angels , on the frefli water Laguna in the Cay*
manes, and in the way to it very plentifully. We are told it grows in Java
by Bout. p. 129* '

It is for qualities the fame with the European being dry. The Leaves ap¬
plied cure hot Ulcers, Inflammations, and the Erijypelas of the Legs. The
Oil of its Root is like wife mod excellent againft both inward and outward
hot Diflempers, the Root boiled is accounted an Alimentary Medicine, by
way of Sallat, and cures Fluxes of Blood. Pifo.

It extinguishes the Appetite to Venery both inwardly and outwardly
tiled. Ger. J

The Infufion of the Flowers in water for a night, drank in the morning,
is ufed by the Turks to keep them from the Head-ach. Dor ft.

In Ferdinands de Sotos Expedition into Florida, written by a Portugal of El-
vas, p.y^. ap. Purchas,p. 1533. The Indians being furrounded in a Lake by
the Chriftians, they endeavour’d their efcape in the night, with thefe Wa¬
ter-Lily-Leaves on their Heads.

XV. Nymphaa Indica flore candido folio in ambitu ferrato, Commel. Cat.p. 120.
Nymphaa Indica crenata flore plena, candido, Pink. Aim. p.2.67. Nymphaa AE-
gyptiaca alba folio crenato radiee tuberofa. Bob. hi ft. part. 3. p. 513. An Nym-
phaa Malabarica alba, crenatisfoliis , radios fibrofa floribtts ex albo re facets. Ej.ibi

This differs from the former by its indented Leaves, which are deeply cut
in on the edges, agreeing with the Defcription and Figure of this Plant ex¬
tant in Authors.

It grew on the Frefli River going up to the Laguna .

The Egyptians eat the Stalks in the Heats. They ufe the Leaves and
Flowers, as likewife the Juice for all hot Pains, Inflammations, Eurni

Ulcers, &c. as likewife the Oils, which are ufed in want of Sleep

_ J Tt „ » ..r.t.. 1 _ . r "

Seed and Roots are ufefui in Dyfenteries, Diarrheas, Gonorrheas, and the
Fluor albus ; but it makes People frigid, therefore ’tis us’d by Hermits. Alp .

The Egyptians make their Sarbet Nufar of Sugar diflolv’d, from which the
Water is evaporated till it Candys, then they put to it fuchafmall quantity
of the depurated Juice of this Plant, fo as not to hinder its Concretion.
V fling.

This was carried to the Indies by way of Merchandife. Bod.

Salmafim mended Pliny putting the word Refedentibus for Recedentilus ; for
it grows on the top of the water. Pliny tells us it was ufed for Bread by
the Egyptians, and that when hot it was good, never occafioning Loofenefs
or Tenefmus.

Diodorus Siculus, mentions it among the Edibles of Egypt.

It extinguiflies Venery very much. J. B.

Its Root is ufed as Meat, The Root is alfo given in Deco&ion for
the Dyfuria. The Seeds candied with Sugar take off the heat of the Bones.
The Leaves, beaten together with thofe of Ottel Ambel , and boil’d with But¬
ter, makes an errhinum which is good for pain’d Eyes. H. M.

The Ambel of the H.M. and the Lotus AEgyptia of Alpinus, feem to me to
differ in very little from each other.

XVI. Nymphea minorls affinis Indica flore albo pilofo. Commelin. Cat. p.izi.
Nymph aa Indica fubrotundo folio minor , flore albo flmbriato. Pluhcnet. Aim. p. 267
Nymphoides Indica flore albo fimbriate. Tournef. Inft.p, 174.

This

- . I I — — _ — » ■ ... ■ ■■ — -

The Natural Hijlory of Jamaica. 253

This had a Leaf fomewhat like Coltsfoot, which floated on the top of the
water like the Leaves of Water-Lilies, each Leaf was roundilli, and about
two Inches Diameter, having a defeat towards the Foot-Stalk, being thick, of
a yellowifh green colour, and fmooth without any appearing Nerves in it.
The Foot-Stalks of each Leaf were about a Foot long, or reached to the
bottom of the water, round, and brownilh, and out of them, juft under the
Leaf its felf, came the Flowers, which were feveral. Tome on Inch long,
others on fhorter Foot-Stalks, being enclofed in a Calyx, made up of feveral
fmali Leaves, like the former, and containing in rotten Heads, fome pretty
large Seeds.

It grew on the furface of (landing waters in the Savannas, where they
were not deep.

The whole Plant, bruifed and boiled with Butter, taken inwardly, 'is an
Antidote againft the biting of the Snake called Cobra Capella. H. M.

XVII. Nymphas affinis palufiris » plantaginis aquatic* folio , flare hexapetalo
fldlari cceruleo. Cat. p. izi. Tab. 149. Fig. I.

This has a great many white fibers, like thofe of the Roots of a Leek,
and feveral Leaves, the Stalks of which inclofe one another, and are full
of Cells or Membranes, as other watry Plants. Thefe Foot-Stalks are a-
bout (even Inches high, and about their middle, like to the Figures of Gra¬
ven Parnafft, (end out an Inch long Foot -Stalk, fuftaining a blue, hexape-
talous, ftarry Flower, after which follows a great many fmali, flat, blue Seeds.
The Foot-Stalks have at their ends green, roundilli, nervous Leaves, like
thofe of the Idler Water Plantains.

It grows in the Savannas , in places where water has flood, mod part of the
year.

This is of the fame Kind with Carim-Gola. H. M. P. ir. p. 91. Tab . 44.
only lefler and fewer Flowers come out together.

XVIII. Canna indica. Riv. Cat.p. izi. De Bry Florileg. Canna Indica flare
rubro. Swert. part. z. Tab. 3z. Cannacorus lati folios vulgaris . Tournefi El. p.zgq.
Taft. p. 367. Canna Indica fylveftris fructu faxe* duritiei, eft gypft adznftar,
man (a fubdentibus fcrupofo, Wild Plantine Barbadenftbus did a. Pluken. Alm.p. 80.

It grows in the Lower Grounds very commonly, having fcarlet coloured
Flowers.

The Leaves are cold in the fecond Degree, and cleanfing. They are ufe-
ful againft many cutaneous, inward and outward Diftempers. Applied to the
right Hypochondre , with White Water Lily, and Aninga Oil, they cure an
over-heated Liver, or Spleen. The Gum coming out of this Plant does the
fame. Pifo.

The Seeds are made into praying Beads. Marcgr.

This Plant repels Tumours, for the Root which is ufed is glewy, of a
fweet taft, and cold and moifl. Hern.

It feems to wrap-up] Gum Elemmi. Bauh.

It grows very well under the water Spouts in Portugal. Cluf.

Out of the Fruit, a little rolled, a Juice is drawn, which put into the
Ears eafes their pain. Of the fame, and Sugar is made a Mafs, which ap¬
plied to the Navel cures the Diabetes, proceeding of hot Fevers. The Juice
of the Root weakens the Poifon of Mercuritts Sublimatus. H. M.

XIX. Canna Indica radice alba alexipharmaca . Cat. p. xzt. Tab. 149. Fig. 2.
Canna Indica angujli folia, pediculis longis ad imum folium , mdo ftngulari geni •
culatis. Pluken. Aim. p. 79. Indian Arrow-Root.

T t t

This

254 The Natural Hi (lory of Jamaica.

This has a two or three Inches long, jointed Root, as big as ones Thumb ;
white, tapering, each internodhm being half an Inch long, and at the joint
having feveral two or three Inches long fibers to draw its Nourifhment from
the Earth. From this Root rife feveral Leaves, having three Inches long,
broad, Foot-Stalks, inclofing one another with a white Ring at the Leaves
letting on, they are four Inches long, and two broad, near the round Bale,
where broadeft : thin, nervous, graflie, and of a yeliowilh green colour, in
every thing like the Camu Indie a. The Flowers, by their Buds, feem to
agree in every thing with the foregoing, only are fmaller.

This Plant was firft brought from the Ifland Dominica, by Colonel James
Walker, to Barbados, and there planted. From hence it was lent to Jamaica ,
being very much efieem’d for its Alexipharmack qualities. That Gentle¬
man 'obferved the Native Indians ufed the Root of this Plant with fuccels,
againfl the Poifon of their Arrows, by only malhing and applying it to the
poilon’d Wounds.

The Root of this bruifed and applied remedies the Poifon of the
Maryaneel and Wafps of Guadaloupe, even flopping a begun Gangreen. Tertre .
Roche f.

I am inclinable to think this to be mentioned by Harcourt to grow in
Guiana ,. where he lays that the Juice of the Leaf called Uppee, cures the
Wound of the Poifoned Arrows. Harcourt ap. Turchas 3 lib. 6. cap. 6. p.izj6.
and by Sir Walter Rmleigh, where he tells us that there is a Root called Ta-
para, the Juice ferving for ordinary Poifon* quenching the heat of burning Fe¬
vers, healing inward Wounds, and Veins bleeding within the Body, Sir Walter
Raleigh, f. 59. ap. Hakl. p.6y<y. I believe this alfo to be that Root fpoke
of by Lopez de Gomara, to be a Counter-poifon to the Manfaneel, which
he fays grows in Cartagena, and was faid to be the Herb wherewith Alexan¬
der heal’d Ptolomy, and which was difeovered by a Moor in Catalonia, and
was called Scor$onera, in which he might be eafily miftaken, there being
fome refemblance between the Root of this Plant and of that.

Job Horton, ap. Hakl. p. 3. p. 487, fays that eight of their Men, with their
General and Captain Dudley, going aftiore at Cape Herd, were by the Negros
there wounded with poifoned Arrows, amongft which the eight died, the
General being cured by a Clove of Garlick drawing the Poifon out of his
Wound, he being taught it by a Negro.

XX Alfitiefolia per tenant (par fa, (lore hexapetalo purpureo. Cat. p. j2z.

This from a fmall fibrous Root, fends out feveral Branches lying alotig
the Ground, red, of about a Foot in length, having Leaves like thole
of Chick weed , fet one againfl another at equal diftances along the
Stalk : the Flowers (land at the ends of the Branches are few liexapetalous,
of a purple colour. After thefe follows a green Head, inclofing feveral
round ilh, flat, brown Seeds.

It grows every where in the Savannas . Specially in dry places.

Chap.

- - - • _ _ _ _

The Natural Hiftory 0/Jamaica.

Chap. XVII.

Of Herbs whofe Flowers are compofed of feveral Flowers .

I- Orchils L&vis Cord, hi ft. Cat. p. izz. Common fmooth Sowthiftle.

This is common every where through the whole Ifland.

1 It is cooling and adftringent, and good for hot and burning Sto=

machs. It increafes Milk. It is proper for pains and gnawings of
the Stomach. It is a remedy againlt the bitings of Scorpions.

Fuchf.

It begets Milk in Nurfes, in Pefiaries it is good for Inflammations of
thole parts. Lon.

They are eat in Italy, efpecially the tender Roots by way of Saliet. Math.

II. Sonehus dfper laciniatus. Park. Cat. p. 123.

I found this on the fide of a Hill near Mx. Batchelods Houle, about four
Miles from tile Town of St. Jago de la Vega.

It is good againft cold Pains of the Stomach, and Obftriuflions of the
Liver, and Gall Bladder. Adv.

ir-oysf nr ■j’Fi.'xMl , ' v :r • a

III. Hieracinm fruticofam, anguflijfimis gramimis foliis , capitulis parvis. Can
p. 123. Tab. 149. Fig. 3.

This had a whitilh oblong Root, with feveral fibers to draw its Nourifh-
ment, from whence rofe a folid, ftraight, ftriated, green, fmall Stalk, about
a root nigh, having Branches fet oppofite one to the other, going out of the
AU of the Leaves. The Leaves were about two or three Inches long, and
very hard, like thofe of Grafs, without any (Foot-Stalks, ending in points
by which this may be fufficiently diftinguifh’d from all I have hitherto feen
of this Kind. The tops of the Twigs have fmall Heads of Flowers* and
after them a long pappous Seed, as others of this Kind.

I am not certain where I found this.

IV. Hieracium minimum, longis integris 'dr anguftis foliis. Cat. fi.izi. Tab
150. Fig. 1.

From a fmall, fibrous, oblong Root, fprings one round, red Stalk, three
or four Inches high, having here and there, without any order, little Branches
fet with many long, not indented, nor finuated, narrow Leaves. Their edges
are hairy, and their backfides fpotted with blackiih fpots. At the tops
of the Branches Rand yellow Flowers, in every thing like thofe of the other
Hieracims.

It groves every where in the drier or fandy places of the Town Savanna.

V. Dens leonis, folio fabtus incano , fore purpureo. Cat. p. 1x3. Tab. 150.
Fig. z.

This has feveral reddifh, Inch long Roots, which united make an half
Inch long white one, fending forth round the top of the Root, on the fur-
face of the Ground, a great many Leaves three Inches long, and one broad,
near ttte end Where broadefl. The Leaves have near the Root feveral deep
Incifures or jagS, and there they are narrow, as the others of this Kind. The
upper fide of the Leaf is of a dark green colour, and under it is very white
or woolly, and in every thing for lhape it is like the Leaf of our common

Dens

5 6 The Natural Hi/lory oj Jamaica.

Dens Teems. In the middle of thefe Leaves rife one or more Stalks, they
are naked, pale green, covered with Wool or Down, a Foot and an half
high, and the Head has on the outfide a Calyx, made up of many green
Leaves, fome purple Pet ala (landing round a whitifh hairy Matter, after
which follows pappous Seeds, (landing round, ready to fly away when ripe,
like the Seeds of the common Bern Leonis.

It grew near Colonel Copes Plantation at Guanahoa.

The Decodion is given to Women in Childbed. It diflipates Wind, pro¬
vokes the Catamenia , is good againft Convulfions, takes away Gripes, and
! is a remedy againft all forts of Cold, for it is hot and bitter. Hernand.

VI. Coryza major inodora, helenii folio Integra ficco & duro , dehorn fiore
albo e ramorum later thus exeunt e. Cat. p. 125, Tab. 1 $o- Fig- 3 , 4'

This at firft coming up has a great many Leaves, like thofe of the Jacolaea
folio integro, five Inches long, and one and an half broad near the end where
broadeft, beginning very narrow, it continues fo for two Inches of its length,
and ends in a round point, ’tis hard, fmooth, of a dark green colour, fnipt
or indented about the Edges. In a while after thefe Leaves rifes a round,
ftrong, green Stalk, four Foot high, from every joint, at a quarter of an
Inches interval, goes one of thefe Leaves, inclofing the Stalk where it is
join’d to it. It has Branches towards the top , (landing round at every
joint, divided into others, which are befet with lefler Leaves. Ex alts folt* .
or urn come the Flowers, without any Foot-Stalk, (landing in feveral green
Leaves, being a great many white, long, Petala , (landing round like thofe
of Cicliory. After thefe follow pappous Seeds.

This is very anomalous, but I think it comes neared to this place, al¬
though, if I rightly remember, ’tis not milky.

]c grew on the other fide of the Rio Cobre, near the Town of St. Jago de
It Vega, in Guanahoa , near Colonel Cope s Houfe in his Plantation, and in
the Thickets, near the Moneque Savanna, very plentifully.

The Stalks and Leaves of this Plant being hard, are made ufe of for
Brooms to (weep and clean Houfes withal.

VII. Conyza inodora, helenii folio, integro , duro, anguflo, ohlongo , capital is
in lateribus ramorum conglomerates. Cat. p. 123. Tab. 148. Fig. 4.

This had a large oblong Root, with fome lateral fibrils, from whence rofe
a fingle, round, ftriated, hollow Stalk, about two Foot high, having Leaves
fee on "it alternatively, without any Foot-Stalks, their lower part whereby
they are joined to the Stalk, having a membrane inclofing it. Thefe Leaves
are about five Inches long, and half an Inch broad near their top where
broadeft, from the Foot-Stalk, increafing to near the top, where they are
broadeft, ending round, being of a pale green colour, and corrugated on
their furface. Towards the top come the Flowers in a Spike, Handing with¬
out any Foot-Stalks, being inciofed with a Perianthium, made of fome few
dry membranes of a brown colour , fometimes one of thefe , and fome-
times many being conglomerated together. After each of thefe follows fmall,
brown cannulated Seeds, having much Pappus on it.

I found it about Mount Diablo very plentifully.

Any body who compares this Defoription and Figure with thofe of Cbry-
( anthemum Virginianum cattle alato ramofius fore minor e, Pink. Phyt. Tab. 139.
Fig. 3. Aim. p- 100. will find them very different from one another, though
Dr. Plnkenet in his Almagejl. p. 4 6. thicks they may be the fame.

The Natural Hijlory of Jamaica.

257

Vnr. Conyza fruticofa , cifli odors, ftoribus pallide purpureis, fummitatibus ra-
mulorum infi dent thus , capital is & fern ins minoribus. Cat. p* izi Tab Ter

Fig. 2. 1 J > 1 *

This Shrub rifes to about fix or feven Foot high, it has feveral Stems as bi«
as ones Thumb, covered witha reddilh brown Ropy, or membranaceous ton ah
iiark, and the Branches go out oppofite one to the other, or fometinfes
three together, they are thick fet with Leaves, (lauding on a quarter of an
long Foot-Stalks; they ate Inch long, half as broad neal the round
Bale where broadeft, the Nerves running from the Foot-Stalks end as from
a common Center, they are fomewhat rough, vifcid and fmell like thofe
T , Jiiet,°Ps are branched out into feveral Foot-Stalks, fuflaimnefe-
veral naked Heads like thofe of Jacob a a of a pale purple colour. After thefe
follow many (mail, light brown, oblong, canulated pappous Seeds. There
are fome fmall varieties of this.

It grows by the way going to Gtunahn on the Red HUls, and on Mount
Diablo on a (mall Savanna very plentifully.

IX. Conyza fruticofa , cifti odors, floribus pallide purpursbs fummitatibus ra~

infid'ntih»s, capitulis & fsmine majoribus. Cat. p. 124. Tab. i5l.

Tis in every thing like the former, only fcemed fomewhat larger the
Heads were alfo much larger, being inclofed by feveral Leaves of a brown

X. Conyza fruticofa, folio haft at 0, fore pallide purpureo. Cat. p 12.4 F'toa

tor turn Americanum, foliis urtica moHibus & incanis. Tournef In ft p Tc 6 4

Conyza Americana urtica folio flare caruleo. hort. Amft. p. 99 > J ^

This by a large woody Stalk rifes to about feven Foot high, the Bark is
of a whitifh colour, the Branches are quadrangular, and fee oppofite one m
another. The Leaves Rand likewife on the ends of the Twigs on an Inch
long Foot-Stalks, oppofite one to the other, being almoft triangular, an Inch
and an ha If long, and more than an Inch broad at Bafe, a little hairy having
Ribs run through the Leaf tq the feveral parts of it from the end o/tha Foot?
Scaik They are of a yellowilh green colour, and very odoriferous. Ex
alts fohorum towards the tops are fmall two Inches long Stalks, having here
and there fmaller Leaves of the fame lhape with the larger, fupportmg fe¬
veral naked Flowers each whereof have an half Inch long Foot-Stalk Is
naked, and compofed of many pale purple Flowers with their feveral Sta¬
mina, (landing very dole by one another, and all inclofed by many green
long, fcaiy Leaves. After thefe follow feveral (mall, oblong, cannulted’

LnoTthek ends0' 3 hght br°'Vn °r gC3y ColoUr’ havinS fo™ P^pous
It grows every where about the Town.

It is counted an admirable vulnerary, being only beaten and aonlied
Iflandf ^ J °ne Wh° WaS Lanc d throu8h the Body at the taking of the

fmSeT 1S 3 Vanety thiS’ the LeaVeS bdng fomedmes raore hairy, and

XI; Ccnfzt pgtiap fore pallide prfttree, ufitnlis e laterihs rmnhnm
fiica m exeunti us. Gat. p. 1x4. An Cotine ajfinit arbor Americana, Trtmati
Brnftlienfiht. Marcs?. Platen. Aim. f. m > ’

U u

u

This

The Natural Hi/lory of Jamaica.

This Shrub rifes to four or five Foot high, having a round, whitifh,
woody Stalk, its Branches come out at top, and are refie&ed, or bow
downwards. The Twigs are thick fee with fmall Leaves, coming out alter¬
natively on Ihort, or no Foot-Stalks, they are fomewhat curled, or uneven
on their furface like Sage Leaves, an Inch and an half long, and half an
Inch broad in the middle where broadeft, ending in a point, and being
whiter on the under fide. Ex alts foliorum come the Flowers, which are of a
light purple colour, like the others of this Kind, inclofed with fome pale
brown Leaves. After thefe follow fmall, oblong, white pappous Seeds.

It grows in the clear’d Woodlands at the Crefcent Plantation, and in the

Caribe Ifiands. ^ , n . r i r-

The bruifed Leaves are good againft Pains and Inflammations of the Eyes.

The Leaves and pappous Seeds, becaufe of their being Aromatick, are good
in Baths to cleanfe and fcour. Pifo.

XII. Conyza major odor at a, feu baccharis, fioribus purpureis midis. Cat.p. 124.

Tab. 152. Fig. 1. , r. ..

This has a large, woody, ihort Root, having very many fibrils on every

fide The Stalk rifes as high as that of Baccharis Monfpelienfium. Ger . P ark .
being round purple, folid, having Leaves (landing without any order, on an
Inch long Foot-Stalks, being three Inches long, one broad in the middle
where broadeft, rough, and notch’d about the edges_ The Stalks are di¬
vided towards the top into feveral Branches, each being fubdivided into le-
veral others, on the tops of which are round, purple Heads, of the bignefs
of thofe of the Baccharis Mcnfpeltenlium, confiding of an innumerable com¬
pany of dry Pet ala, and white Down, almoft like thofe of Gnaphalium America -
mm, after which in fmall time follow many fmall, brownilh, cannulated,

pappous Seeds.

The whole Plant is very gratefully odoriferous. , .

It grew by the Sea-fide in the Marilh Grounds by Mr. Dtlamt s in U-
guarne.

XIII. Conyza urtica folio. Cat.p. 124. Tab. 152 Fig.%.

This had feveral white, ftrong filaments for Roots, with lateral fibers,
from which went up a fquare, reddifh coloured, woody Stalk, a Foot and
an half high, more orlefs. The Leaves, as well as Branches, (land oppofite
to- one another, the firft on three quarters of an Inch long Foot-Stalks, being
about an Inch and an half long, and three quarters of an Inch broad in their
middle where broadeft, hairy, from their Foot-Stalks end increafing to the
middle, and thence decreafing to a point, being very much ferrated about the
edges, and like the Leaves of Nettles. The Flowers and Seed come at
top, the latter being cannulated, fmall, black and pappous, inclofed with
fmall Leaves for their Calyx, fet round them fquammatim, as in others of this

Kind.

It grows in Jamaica and the C /tribes,

XIV. Conyza folio haflato, feu triangular'/, ferrato, glair 0. Cat.p. 124. Tab.

1 ^Thi^Plant has a long, white Root, with feveral lateral fibrils, fending up
a green, fmooth fourfquare Stalk, one Foot and an half high, bigger than a
Swans-Quill. At an Inch and an half’s diftance the Branches come out fet op¬
pofite one to the other, and the Leaves on the Branches in like manner,
(landing on Inch long Foot-Stalks, being almoft triangular, they are an Inch
broad at Bafe , and a little longer from the Foot-Stalks end to the op¬
pofite point, ferrated pretty deep on the edges of a yellowilh green colour,

being

The Natural Hiftory 0/Jamaica. 259

being nervous, having Ribs running through them like thofe of Pian-
in‘ 7 Flowers come at top of the Branches, are whitifli and naked like

brown°SeS°Undre ’ ^ ^ thcm f°J1°WS * ^ papP0US> cannulat ed,

There is a variety of this, having the Leaves as it were eared at Bale.

It grew in Colonel Nedhams Plantation in Sixteen Mile Walk.

XV. Conyza minor procumbent ftetida, flore luteo, feminibus tomnto obduttis
p. 1 2.4. Jab. 153. Fig. 3.

Several Strings, or brown final! fibrils, fend forth on all Hands fquare
Stalks, of about a Foot m length, at every two or three Inches of which
are joints, and from thefe proceed the Branches, Twigs and Leaves The
Leaves are hairy all over, without any Foot-Stalks, an Inch long, and half as
broad m the middle where broadcft, fnipt, or indented about the edges of
a yellowifli green colour, and unfavory fmell. The Flowers Hand manv’to-
gether on the tops of the Branches, and ex dis folio rum, and are of a

yellow colour. After thefe follow a great many long, black Seeds, covered
all over with a white Wool. '

It grows in feverai places where Woods have been clear’d in molt Planta¬
tions of the Ifland.

1 ;.*t 1 4ft f ; ■ •?*." \ •«- • ' i

XVL After folio Mongo , integro, flore pUide coeruleo. Cat. p. 124 .
*lbVlfeS al?outaFoot and an half high, with a reddilh, round, finooth
?alk\ lonS Vomt^d Leaves, broadeft in the middle, a little whitifh,

Imooth, without any notches on the edges. The Flowers are many of a
Very light blue colour, the middle and BarbuU being both of the fame
colour I did not obferve whether the Seeds were pappous or not fo know
not whether it be a true After or Chryfamhtmum afteris facie
It grows in moift watery places in the Savannas about the Town

YflTT™ f;/c!’is Jt fc .» be vev di®re« f»-» 0*4*

Belgu lattfoltus umocllatus flortbus dilute violaceis. Herm . Port Lesd This

I take notice of, becaufe Doctor Plukenet in his Mamiff. p. 29. thinks thev
may be the fame. wry U1CJ

XVII. After canadenfis annuus non deftriptus , Brunyer. Port. Biel. Cit
f. 12,4. Conyza acris annua alba hirjuta major. Fluken. Alm.p. u7.

Gardes™ C^S ^evcm^ P^aces op tk*s Ifi&nd, as likewife plentifully in the

XVIII. Senecio major florum calyce purpureo. Cat . p. 124.

AAh(U T)iaS fereral Wilite fibrils> g°ing out of every fide of an oblong

f°°A fr?1" Yhefnce fpr,mgS up a round> green> W Stalk, about
one Foot and an half high. It has Leaves irregula ly plac’d, and thick fet on

every fide without any Foot-Stalks, about four Inches long, and an Inch
Broad near the farther end where broadeft, beginning narrow, increafing
to near tine end, whence it ftraitens, ending in a point, being very much fi-
nuated, or jagged on the edges like ordinary Ground fel. At the top come
the Flowers, bei«g many, naked, of a yellowilb white colour. The calv-
cular Leaves are purple, and each Hands on fometimes a longer, and fome-
times a fhorter Foot-Stalk. &

MileWaTkifl ^ dear’d Gr°Und ** Cok)neI Plantation in fixteen

This feems to me *o fbe very different from the Senecio vifcofus FEthiopi-
eus flore prpureo . Breyn cent. As may be eafily gathered from their Titles

fame ef€npn0n5, in hiS l?°' thinks the^ ma7 be the

XIX. Senecie

V-*

26 o The Natural Hi ft or y oj Jamaica.

XIX. Senecio miner, bdlida majoris folk- Cal. P. it;. Tab. i;i. Fig. 3
This has feveral Inch and an half long, fmooth, fmall, white Roo ts, , no
bieaet than Thread. The Stalk is round, hoary, about five or fix Inches
hifh having forae few Leaves on them, without any order. The Leaves
have* no Foot-Stalks, but Hick to the Stalk with a narrow beginning, and aug¬
ment to theh round end, being in all about an Inch long rough hoary
and of a whitilh green colour, very often having two or three notches
in them, and like in (hape to the Leaves of the Beilis major caule foltjt.

C. B. fin. The top of the Stalk and fmall Branches <jomit>gout ex at,sfd,,-
rum fupport the Flowers, which ate in every thing like thole of Oroundfcl,
Sg made up of many fmall, yellow Flowers, clofe fee together, and en-

sr*.*»* •* *= *- «*

°^TTie figures and Dnferiptions of dais Plant, and the Uki ;►*
acmollltia caulhnli, (nbrMcundis. Ftin. PUt*. Aim. ,. 34J./*£** ‘S-
Fig. 1. (hew them to be very different, though Dr. Plukemt in his Mmsgs,

j>. 170. thinks they may be the fame.

XXI. Virgo, aurea major, five herba Deria , folio fimato hirftnto. Cat. p.n ,5.

^ Th^ has^a "very ftrong, Inch thick, ftriated, green Stalk, as high, or
higher than a Man, having along the Stalk, feveral Leaves larger than thofe
on its Branches, which are four Inches long, and one broad in the midale
where broadeft, rough, finuated about the edges and of a dark green co-
\Lr Towards the top of the Stalk are many Branches and Twigs, every
one of which fuftains a great many naked, yellow Flowers, like thofe of

Jd if "grew on the Road to Mountain River, in Colonel Cope’s Plantation.

XXL Helichryfum caule alato, fioribus fpicatis. Cat p. 12.5. Tab. 152. Fig. y.
This has feveral flraight Stalks riling two Foot high from the fame Root.
The Staiks are round, though the two long, one tenth part of an Inch broad
FimhrU, belonging to each Leaf, makes it look as if it were four fquare,
b fog on every fide of the Stalk. The Leaves are let at about an Inches di-
Lce from Je another, on every fide of theSt^havmg

, „„ da* ^ Ji fS

ssatrjn? sax. j*-*

Handing fometimes fingly, and fometjmes thrccorfour in a Tuft on the
very Stalk its felf, without any Pettelt, or Foot-Stalks, being naked, the
outwardmoft Cali nUr Leaves inclofing the Flowers, and he tops at foft
coming out being purple. After thefe come a great many fmall pappous Seeds,

“ ThiT grows *in near Mr.^rr, and over the

Ccbre by the Angels.

XXII. Chrjfanthemum fruticofum mar it mum , foliis glances oblongis , fiore la -

^ This Shrub^rofe to about four Foot high, having under a whiteifh, fmooth
Bark, a white Wood, being about the bigneft of ones little Finger di¬
vided into feveral Branches, towards the top fet oppofite to one another.

■ ■■ -■ ■ — — - - mrr mn ■■mm ilillii ~ iJ ' u ' '

The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica. 26 1

whereon grow the Leaves by Tufts, or feveraf together, one Tuft being
fet oppofite to another, and made up of longer and Ihorter Leaves, which
when longeft are about an Tnch in length, and one third part of an Inch
broad near the end, where they are round and broadeff, having at the end
a ihort, fcarcedifcernible prickle. They are at their beginning narrow, with¬
out any Foot-Stalks, all covered with a Down, making them look white all
over, without any incifures on the edges. On the tops of the Branches
hand the Flowers In large Heads, on the outfide of which are many whitilh
fmall Leaves, inclofing the Flowers, which are many, clofe fet together, of a
yellow colour, having a Circle of the like colour’d Petala, or BarluU hand¬
ing above them. After thefe follow many folid Seeds, like the others of
this Kind.

I found it growing near St. Cbriftepher* Cave, not far from the old Town
of Sevilla, on the Rocks by the Sea-fide.

XXIII. Chryfanthemum Salvia folio rugofo, fcabro, oblongo. Cat. p. 12c, Tab.
*5 4- Tig- f.

The Stalks were jointed, woody, and had Leaves let on them, which
were about two Inches long, and more than half as broad, being narrow
both at beginning and point, equal on the edges, rough, and bullated, or like
the Leaves of wild Sage. The Heads were as large as thofe of Chryfanthe-
wum Sigetum , butbecaufe the Specimen from which I defcribed it was imper¬
il, I can lay no more of ir.

I found it in one of the Caribes.

f ' t ' ' * *Y - • * . . , f ..

XXIV. Chryfanthemum trifoliatum fcandens, fiore luteo, femme longo, rofrato
bidente. Cat. p. Tab. 154. Fig. 2, 3. An Chryfanthemum Americanum, ci -
certs folio glabro , fore bellidis majoris. Herm. par. Bat. p. 114. An B’tdens
trifolia, Americana , leucanthemi fiore. Tournefort. Infl. p. 4 62 > Beilis major
Americana frutefcens trifoliata glabra. Bob. hifi. Ox. part. 3. p, 30 ?

This has a Bender Stalk, four or five Foot high, needing the help of
neighbouring Shrubs or Trees on which it leans, and among which it al¬
ways grows, being divided into Branches, three or four Inches long, having
Leaves Banding on three-quarters of an Inch long common Foot-Stalks, be¬
ing three always together ; that Leaf in the middle, or oppofite to the Foot-
Stalk, is an Inch long, and half an Inch broad at Bafe, very deeply jagged
or cut on the edges, fmooth, of a grate green colour, and thin, the other
two Leaves at Bafe are of the fame fhape, &c. only fmaller. The Flowers
are Feveral, Banding on an Inch and an half long Foot-Stalks, coming out
ex alts foliorum, each of which has on theoutfide leveral green, long Leaves
on the top of which are five or more yellow, pretty long PetSa, with¬
in which are many Flowers crowded clofe together, as in the others of
this Kind. After thele follow leveral half an Inch long, rough Seeds,

having two horns Banding on their ends, in place of the Pappus in other
Seeds.

It grows among the Trees and Shrubs on the Red Hills going to Guana-
boa, on Mount Diablo, and other the inland woody parts of this Bland.

The colour of the Flowers of this makes it feem to be different from the
Chryfanthemum Americamm, ci certs folio , &c.

XXV. Chryfanthemum cannabinum Americanum alatn-n, fiore apbyllo, globofo,
aurantio, baccharidis foliis. Breyn. Cat. p. 1 26. Chryfanthemum Americanum cattle
alato, fore apbyllo, globofo, aurantio, foliis baccharidis. Commzlin. hort. Amfi,
Pftf- p. S’ Bidens Indica, flier acii folio, caule alato. Tournef. p. Inf. 46 z.

C hryjant he mu m conyzcides caule alato Curafavicttm. Herm. par. Bat. p. h$.

X x x ChryfrA

262 The Natural Hi [lory of Jamaica.

Chryfanthemum Curaffavicum alato cattle, flore aurantiaco bullato. Bob. hi ft . Ox.

^Thi's has a large Root with many white firings flrongly fixed in the Earth,
from which rife feveral Stalks a Foot high, having a green Selvedge, or be¬
ing alated. The Leaves grow along the Stalk, are rough, indented like thofe
of Cichory , or Jacea, growing larger towards their top, and ending in a point
about an' Inch and an half long, and half an Inch broad near the end where
broadeft, of a dark green colour. The Flowers come many together in
Heads like thofe of the others of this Kind, they are of a deep yellow, or
Orange colour. After thefe follow broad Seeds, fomething like thofe of
Parfnips, black in the middle, white about their edges, and having two
prickles or horns on their ends.

It grows near the Bridge over Black River in St. Dorothies Parifti.

XXVI. Chryfanthemum Conyzoides nodiflorum, jemine r oft rat o bident e. Cat .
p. iz6. Tab. 1 54. F'tg. 4.

This had a round brownifh Stalk, about a Foot long, which was jointed at
every two or three Inches, and at the joints had Leaves, fet oppofite to one
another, (landing on very fhort, if any Foot-Stalks. The Leaves were a-
bout an Inch and an half long, and half as broad in the middle where
broadeft, beginning narrow, increaftng to the middle, and thence decreafing,
and ending in a point, being hairy on their upper fide, having many appear¬
ing Nerves, and being of a dark green colour. Ex alls foliorum come the
Branches, fet oppofite to one another, and the Flowers, which are fmali
Heads, without any Foot-Stalks, being one or more (landing together, each
being furrounded by a few dry, brown Membranes. After fome time fol¬
lows the Seed, which is fmali, gray oblong, having two horns, (landing out
as others of this Kind, which are Bidentia.

It grew in the inland part of this lfland, and in Barbados.

XXVII. Chryfanthemum paluftre , repens, minus, odoratum, folio fcabro trilo¬
bate. Cat. p. iz6. Tab. 155. Fig. r.

The Stalk is jointed, creeping along the furface of the Earth, every joint
fending into the Earth many hairy fibers and firings of a blackilh brown
colour, and Leaves oppofite to one another. They are very like the Leaves
of Caryophyllata, only very rough, having feveral points or notches, and be¬
ing very aromatically fweet fmclled. At, or towards the tops ex alis foliorum
go out fome long Foot-Stalks, having yellow Flowers exa&ly like the other
Chryfanthemums.

It grows on the Banks of Rio Cobre, and in all the moift places of the
Town, and other Savannas.

The Defcription and Figure of this, (hew it to be different from the Chry¬
fanthemum hirfutum Virgtnianum auriculato dulcamara folio oclopetalon , Pluken.
phyt. Tab. 242. Fig. 6. though Dr. Plukenet doubts in his Mantijfa , p. 48. if
it be not the fame.

XXVII. Chryfanthemum fylvaticum repens minus , Chamadryos folio, flore lu -
teonudo, femine roftrato .. Cat. p.iz6. Tab. 155. Fig. 2. An Chryfanthemum Ma-
derajpatanum months arvenfis folio & facie floribus ligemellis ad foliorum alas
pediculis curtis. Pluken. Phyt. Tab , 118. Fig. 5. Aim. p. 100?

This had feveral hairy fibrous Roots, which it ftruck into the Earth from
the lowermoft joint, it ufually lay along on the furface of the Earth, having
joints, and a Stalk about nine Inches long. The Leaves (land on half an
Inch long Foot-Stalks, oppofite to one another, being about three quarters pf
an Inch long, and as broad at round Bafe where broadeft, from whence they

decreafed

- . - - _ _

The Natural Hiftory ^Jamaica. 263

decreafcd to the point, being Terraced about the edges, and of a dark green
colour, with feveral appearing Ribs, going through the Leaf, Tome whereof
take their Original from the end of the Foot-Stalk, as from a common
Center. At the tops on three quarters of an Inch long Petioli {land the
Heads, being made up of many Flowers fet clofe together, naked, fmall,
and yellowifh, with many Stamina appearing on them. After thefe follow
feveral oblong, ihort, brown, cannulated Seeds, having two or three prickles
at their ends.

It grew in the inland Woods in feveral places of this llland.

XXVIil. Chryfanthemum paluflre minimum repens, apii folio . Cat. p. 126.
Tab. 1 5 5. Fig. 3. Cbryfanthemum Americanum, bumile , ranunculi folio. Plum.
Tournef. Infl. p. 492..

This has fmall, ftringy, dark brown Roots, Tending out feveral Branches,
fpread round on the Turface of the Ground, having Leaves cut in on the
edges, refembling Smallage Leaves, of a pale green colour. The Flowers
are made up of feveral {mall, yellow Flowers, {landing dole by one ano¬
ther in the manner of other Cbryfanthemums, being furrounded by BarbuU ,
of the fame yellow colour. The Seeds are long, greenifli brown, ftriated,
and to each Flower follows one Seed, {landing in the Heads juft as the
Flowers did.

It grows in the moifter places of the Town Savanna’s, and in the Caribes ;
and is in perfe&ion Tome time after rainy weather.

Dr. Plukenet in his M ant if a, p. 47. doubts whether this be the Cbryfanthe *
mum Chinenfe foliis plurifariam divifis, &c. Phyt.Tab.22. Fig. 3. whoever com¬
pares the Figures and Defcriptions of thefe Plants, will foon lee they differ.

XXIX. Artemifia humilior flore major e albo. Cat. p. 127. Abfynthiurtt eryfimi
folio, Achoavan Alpini quodammodo accedens ex infula Jamaicenfi. Pluk. Alm.p.2 .

Wild Wormwood.

This from a fmall, whitifli brown Inch long Root, having Tome few fibers,
thereby to draw its Nourilhment, riles one Foot high, leveral, ftriated,
whitilli, folid Stalks, fupporting feveral Branches, coming from the infide
qf the Leaves, very deeply cut in on the edges, after the manner of Worm¬
wood, from whence its name, or Mugwort, only whiter in colour than
thofe of the laft, the lower the Leaves the larger they are. The Flowers
at top {land in Heads on the Branches ends, and are made up of a great
many Tingle white ones, making much larger Flowers than thofe of ordi¬
nary Mugwort.

It grows by the Town of St. Jago de la Vega, in the claiy and gravelly
Grounds of the Savannas.

It flowers moft part of the year.

It is made ufe of as a good vulnerary Herb, and accounted very effedual.

XXX Scabicfe affinis anomala fyhatica, enuU folio, Jingulis jlcfculis albis in
eodem capitulo perianthia habentibus, femine pappofo. Cat. p. 12 j. Tab. 15-60
Fig. 1,2.

This has a round ftriated, rough, pretty large Stem, rifing to three Foot
high, having towards the bottom feveral Leaves fet without any order, on
half an Inch long Foot-Stalks. They are five Inches long, and two broad
in the middle where broadeft, from a narrow beginning incre Ting to the
middle, and thence decreafing to the end, indented about the edges, being
rough above, having the furface fcabrous, or corrugated after the manner of
Sage or Foxglove, and woolly underneath. Towards the top the Leaves are
fmaller, out of whole AU come hoary Inch long Foot-Stalks, fupporting a

round

/

round Head, of many white tubulous, oblong Flowers, each Flower (landing
in a chaffy Calyx, or Perianthium, made up of feveral dry, brow nidi mem¬
branes, which afterwards contains three or four fmall, oblong, fmooth,
and (hining gray Seeds, having a few pappous hairs on their Upper ends.

It grew in the Woods on the Road to Colonel Cope s Plantation in Gua-
ftahoj, and in feveral other Woods of this I (land very ple^ifhlly.

This is not the Plant called Eupatorio affinis Americana, bhlbofa floribtis fcari-
cfu calyculis contetfis. Flukenet. Aim. p. 14a. Phyt. Tab. 177. Fig. 4. as Dodor
Plukenet thinks it may be in his Mantiffa, *p. 73.

XXXI. Eryngium foliis anguftis [err at is fetidum. Cat. p. 1 27. Tab. 15 6.
Fig. 3,4. An Eryngium f&tidum oblongis capitulis Americanum. Pluken. Aim.
p 137 ?

This Plant has fix or feven round, fmooth. whitifh Roots, about ten Inches
long, going ftraight down into the Earth, taking very firm rooting therein,
which uniting in one towards the furface of the Earth, there fends forth
Leaves fpread on the Ground on every hand, to the number of five or fix*
eight Inches long, and one broad near the end where broadeft, very deeply*
ferrated, and having on its edge (oft prickles. From the middle of the
Leaves rife one or two Stalks about a Foot and an half high, being round,
green, hollow, fmooth, always divided into two, or obferving a Dichoto¬
my, and having at parting two deeply cut, prickly, (hort. Leaves. The top
or Heads are like thofe of other Eryngiums, having feveral long, narrow
Leaves under them , which are prickly ; they are at firft greenifh, after¬
wards brown, and have feveral brown Seeds fet round a fmall column.
All parts of the Plant have a very penetrating ftrong, though not very unfa-
voury fmell.

It groVs at the Crefcent Plantation near the Orange Walk on the Banks of
the Rio Cobrc, in moift, low, fiat Grounds in feveral other places, by Co¬
lonel Bourdens Houfe, in his Plantation, and in Barbados.

It is counted one of the greateft Alexipharmaca’s of thefe parts. The De-
flill’d water of it is reckon’d a very great Antepileptick, and extremely to
refill Hyfterick Fits.

I queftion not this being the Plant mentioned by Hernandez, , called Co-
hayelli, every thing agreeing to it. He tells us that,

It is hot in the fourth Degree, tads likeSkirrets, though a little (harp and
'fmelling. The Root powdered, and taken to the quantity of three Drams
in ten Ounces of water, firengthens the weak and cold Stomach, eafes
pains of the Belly and other parts from Colds, diflipates Wind, is good for
Colick and lliack Difeafes, is Diuretick, and helps the Catamenia , cures
Surfeits, incites to Venery, and is good againft the Bites of Venemous Ser¬
pents. It has a better effed, if it be given out of a hot and (lengthening
Liquor, it diflipates preternatural Tumours, and humours in the Joints, and
remedies all cold intemperatures. • Hernandez .

It is called Itubu in Surinam , or Fuga Serpentum, becaufe they come not
where it grows. ’Tis Alexipharmac from its volatile Salt, and the fmell of
the Leaves cures Hyfterick Fits. Hern.

The End of the firft Volume .

Fig. %•

Serpens Marinus comprefims iividus .

SetVrsnSr ' +uatFL{

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T® dirtafolijs fubrotundis ,/
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Lyfimachia lutea Jjnonpappofa erecta
folij-s giabris frur/'tu cariophylLoide .

|j XT

olanum bacciferum fruticofum,ftipitlbus
° 1JS niaj0rlbus fpinis ferocioribus arxnatis

Malva vel alee a
folijs , feniini

F,

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mm

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Tab. i/j, .

fr uticofa,pmipi

faicatis bovino

Colute 3. affirm
ndla folio

rum cornuuny^i modum difpofit

Laurocerafi folijs fili
-quo fa fruticofa .

Tab .16.

Urtica raceruofa fruticofa angus
itifolia .fructu tricocco —

Fig. % .

Colutes affims

lcofa .pinipinella;

°vinorum

folio filiqurs falca-l

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H/JufcLemperfectam maturi-
latent adeptivartetates etpo-
ilitiones diver fie . __

Idem lapis l it Auol i a reper h i s t a t
qiii ita iinmutatus eft,titin afltateam
vel filiceam dm-itiem.etdtaphan.ei ta
item converius fit . _____

dem pars m Anglia effi)ila,ubi max-
quan titate reperi tur prope Icrrse. fftper iiciem

-0 .

MSigl

kvivf? i

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Tab. 2^.

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Lunaraa elati ]

or matricariai

folio fpi ca I cluplici .

Mulcus terreftris repens /V A' i \pajor, ramulis
circa cxtremitates conglomfratis^foliolis multis
et minimis capillaceis cautem occulfantibus .

MuCctis pris repens, cu] us

ramiil1 ol P^nltis et rmriiiijPrfs fenatim qua
,ot >ne cUfpofihs cj latrn.ntu f , —

drai°£

\ i'clLPolytnc/lu
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proi3riopedicuJ^n/;ct^°

Mulcus terreftris^ repens minor,
ramulis circa extremitates eongio-
-meratis folijs capillaceis ,

-c

i m

Fig.i-

Lonchitis afplemj

vajnjs , vizi lib

Utl'OCIj

FtP' % •

Filix non rarn.ofama|j jor, caule mg'ro,inrcu.lis
ran s , pmunlis aii^ |[|uil:LS , rai'i s , long' is, clen tat is

acie.pinnulis
otunclis . et ex:

Itere anriculatis

Tab.

30

Lonclutis altiisirna ,
pmnttlis rams non lacrmatis

Tab

32

—

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1111

i§- 1 • 2- -3 . 4>. £ . Tridh-oni^

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Tab . 77

ofj

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Vr ti c aracemofa ^ c an<
aiijruftifoka, ,
tricocco

rucku

^Vrtica minor liners lpma
folio fufrotim u do ferrato
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lmmiiior

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HBflM

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— ••

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A*.

coeruleo, iliJ

Rapuncufo affmis l||l'|an.om-a:lavafculiieia,
folio oblon.gofecraMto,flore coccmco tubu
lofo , femme oblong'o luteo

Hormnio aifi ms . folifs
angultis g-labris .

Tab./oa .

i

I

Fig.o.

►boorcUvim mai’itd
pi'ocuni

mu.m aruticofum
Jrlore cceruieo .

Tab . 110 .

r-— 1

Fig. % ■

Pliafeolus pe ramus aiimiltifoUu.--

m tlore lateo ,

W

ri lLi'o ,in.aeuns

femme lato, compreli°,mu101

Tlx [mail red JpottcJ hcW

rts liotaxo

Tab. HI.

Fig- 4 6

Pliaieolus giycyr r h I'z l te s ,
lolio alato, pi i o coccxneo
a tr a n i ac n 1 a u_o ta t o .

Wild Liauorice.

Pliaieolus major peremiis ,floribus {picatis
filiqua breviori rotund tore femme albo
^ ipliaxrico . XdUicLlCd: p CCiffi ■

Tab.117.

%1

tripliyllu.HL
iruticofum minus .

Ficr. 3

Hectyiaruni ca
unofe folijs ala f
tis minimis*

ule Inrfuto urn
i is jpimus acu-
grammeis .

Leucoium \ teurn ivve

ICein minimum polygai
facie •

hbh

C^=3BJi

Gstus urticae folio,
Jlo re lu teo, vafcuiis ,
\taffo«is . J

ICistui urhcarfoUo, x
flore liiteo, vafculis
trig'onis .

Tib 22

Lyfimachia lutea non pappofa eretla majoi
folijs lurfuhs fnictu cariopkylloide .

Fijr- o. I

Ckamaicigtus urtica I.
folio flore luteo ■ jF

Fl

Lp\ V

Ckama?cistm caule ni rfuto ,

[lolio oblong o, ang-uito, fmuafo,
flore luteo peclicnlo mkdeiate.

• '*

lai) 1%S

IClem atiiis prima five iyivestrt
latifolia.CB.iolijs tern is ■

i ut'ea^pfr^aAjpoia erecta mino?
Flore, iuteo JpetS|p\tapefalo
fiuctu. car ionShvMoi rle . —

Lvfiitiacliia lutea non. ,
pappoia ereda minor-
floreluteo pentapetalo7
imetu ran opfiplloicle .

SrO ’

^ a

U

s-fl

Nu mm ulaijiaT^iaxati li $
minima repinf^ ioltj s crcna
tLS 3 Vlilofli

^Horib
albis .

\ i \

-Apocly uum fr itt teofun| fcandm-5
gen if hr. Iiifpaincas. fa Ycie , a0
rib us lacleis oclorati^ *

Fig . 3 .

Nummul aria minima
floi’e albo . %

Apoey n uni (can ct ens majus
folio fubrotuncto 7

Tab .L3L.

Tal 0.132.

Ttg "■ 3 ■ (

Heliotropiujn maritxniuup
fflmus folio g’lauco^ore
■nlbo .

Tributes terrefiris major.,
ilore uiaximo odorato

mn

Abu tiloja frutico,
ferrates ,flonbu|
alas foliorunJ)

jiiun. folijs lubro tiuidi;
s alb is peiitapetaiis, ad
conglomerates .

lab

1ST

1

^lalva aipera major
feu roiearum p-cirere

Malva minoar^fcxpina betonica:
folio ,fiore coceiirwieo 7 Can in lbi is
afpen s ,

(aquatic a , ex lioL'teuiuim
fLore miiiore luteo femine

aculeato .

0

1

mam

r

. u

or

a

Fig

%

Flos paiTionis
peri dy mem

4f ■

p erfoliatus , five
perfoliate folio .

Tab. 14^

Bryonia alba triphylla
^enicuta ta,folijs crai&i
aciclis .

C iniawis tin /Ixixwil, frudtu
ov aFfugro^aivi _ —

T

Tab. 143.

Smilax afpera,fruih

ma^na,laivi,farij^n.acea China dnfta. China .

ugro ;radice 110 do J a ,

1 Fig c2 •

33ryoiua morafinituvdapacemi ramu
lisvarie implicit is , atc^ can das Icorptom?
mftar 111 (o contort)? ; baccis alius 1111a

Velaitera nigra macula liotatiS .

O A l

Jr

* Bryonia alba
tri phi 11am axi m a

\ v I ■ \

Tab.

14*.

Bryonia atbag-emVu

.viola rolii s .

briccis e vindi m|^p^nrpuraicentibus

3 ol aiium baccifei’um ; caule efci

folijs tomento nicaiiis ,{pui°^s '

fioreluteo frnchx croceo initio rf-

^ Lyonia rua-ra Eru/w^±cafa.7£olijs uiiegTis

adve rfo p oft ti $ / I £ ° r e 1 u-teo ,1'acemofo , £cAl&° ■

mFig. 3

S olamiKL £ ruticofiimbacci-

feruni £gi_l j . iiofu.ixL,ilore c^eruleo

TaUW.

^TVnni O rrr-a ^eCV°

ry oina hi gr a

Horibus

rP

Coiiyza-fru.ticoia. cifti odore.fLoribus

ii.ie pux Jiireis fum Lii t atib u-s ramu-
I majoribus . ^ =»—

ConysafrLvticoia ,

JlidepucpttrelS

:runn

oitiodore.ftonbus

fammaubusr^la-

-noribus •

_Altlrue.a.fpicata , f j betonicae. folio g'labi o ,
{lore lutco ,habi*'\tLori fpica .

Tab.lS'l.

/v>”. 1.2.

C onyza folio liaftato , lieii tnali
8'u.la.l'l , lercalo p-lalaro . —

ip*

Tnb./5.3-

Fg.3.

Coiiy /a minor pro
luteo femiiubir^

/ciunb eiis fccftda flore
' tome n to ODcluctis .

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