Published by The Arboretum Foundation Seattle, Washington Winter 2000 ity of Washington ( K FOB URBAN HORTICULTURE ETH C. MILLER LIBRARY 4115 FEB 0 3 Washington 98 1 95-41 1 5 OtfCilU Washington Park Arboretum Bulletin Published by The Arboretum Foundation The Arboretum Foundation: 206.325.4510 FAX: 325.8893 Programs: 726.1954 e-mail: gvc@arboretumfoundation.org UW Programs: 206.543.8800 THE ARBORETUM FOUNDATION Board of Director Officers David E. Hervey, President Jim Garrison, Secretary Cynthia Duryee, Kate Roosevelt, Treasurer Vice President Sherrill Elliott, Immediate Fred Isaac, Vice President Past President Deborah Andrews, STAFF Christine Cronn, Office Manager Joan O’Brien, Office Assistant Ron Stone, Controller Penny Lewis, Director of Development Bryan Taulbee, Special Programs Coordinator Elaine Anderson, Volunteer Coordinator Executive Director CONTRACTORS Elliott Bronstein, Editor, Ground Work Regen Dennis, Public Relations Jan Silver, Editor, Washington Park Arboretum Bulletin EDITORIAL BOARD WASHINGTON PARK ARBORETUM BULLETIN Jan Silver, EditingCbDesign Kathleen Boeckstiegel, Bulletin Assistant Tom Berger, The Berger Partnership, Landscape Architects Jeannine Curry, Arboretum Foundation, Bulletin Secretary Stephanie Feeney, Author & Publisher Richard Hartlage, Director, Elisabeth C. Miller Garden Daniel J. Hinkley, Heronswood Nursery Ltd Joan Hockaday, Author Steven R. Lorton, Northwest Bureau Chief, Sunset Magazine James “Ciscoe” Morris, Horticulturist, Seattle University Jan Pirzio-Biroli, Arboretum Foundation David Streatfield, UW Dept, of Landscape Architecture Eleanor Thienes, Landscape Design John A. Wott, Ph.D., Director, Arboretum Martha Wingate, Taxonomy Editor UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON John A. Wott, Ph.D., Director, Arboretum Randall C. Hitchin, Registrar & Collections Manager Christina Pfeiffer, Horticulturist Da'- id Zuckerman, Gai dener Lead UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON CENTER FOR URBAN HORTICULTURE Thomas M. Hinckley, Acting Director Julie DeBarr, Education Coordinator Barbara Selemon, Propagator Lou Stubecki, Arborist CITY OF SEATTLE DEPARTMENT OF PARKS & RECREATION Ken Bounds, Superintendent Cover Washington Park, circa 1 908 O V* AH ^ S Vi S 8 • TSi Rosina Uttendorfer and her doll were two of the first picnickers in Washington Park, site of the future Arboretum. Years later, in the 1980s and c90s, Rosina fre- quently visited the Arboretum with her daughter and namesake, longtime Arbore- tum Foundation volunteer Rosina Mclvor. Rosina Mclvor is chair of Unit 30, the Southwest Ramblers, one of the Foundation’s specialty groups designed for enrichment and learning. In addition, Rosina is a key member of the annual Greens Galore team. This issue celebrates 65 years of The Arboretum Foundation and the people, such as Rosina Mclvor, who volunteer and enjoy the Arboretum. The Washington Park Arboretum Bulletin is pub- lished quarterly as a bonus of membership in The Ar- boretum Foundation, Seattle, WA. Volume 61:4 © 1999 The Arboretum Foundation. ISSN 1046-8749. The Arboretum Foundation is a nonprofit organization that was chartered to further Washington Park Arboretum (WPA) development, projects, and programs through volunteer service and fund raising. Its mission is to ensure stewardship for the Washington Park Arboretum, a Pacific Northwest treasure, and to provide horticultural leadership for the region. This stewardship requires effective leadership, stable funding, and broad public support. WPA is administered cooperatively between the University of Washington’s Center for Urban Horti- culture (CUH), the City of Seattle Department of Parks and Recreation, and The Arboretum Founda- tion. The programs and plant collections are a respon- sibility of CUH. WPA is a living plant museum emphasizing trees and shrubs hardy in the maritime Pacific Northwest. Plant collections are selected and ar- ranged to display their beauty and function in ur- ban landscapes, to demonstrate their natural ecology and diversity, and to conserve important species and cultivated varieties for the future. The Arboretum serves the public, students at all levels, naturalists, gardeners, and nursery and landscape pro- fessionals with its collections, educational programs, in- terpretation, and recreational opportunities. From the Arboretum Foundation President The Arboretum Foundation at 65 Years It is both a pleasurable and a daunting task to be president of The Arboretum Foundation during the year 2000 celebration of 65 years. The pleasure certainly comes from working- with and learning from the staff and volunteers, who are so dedicated, talented, and energetic that it is just plain fun. The daunting part comes from two main factors. First of all, consider 65 years. Not many of the businesses and organizations that existed in 1935 still endure today. We do exist, however, and the Arboretum is doing well. We must keep intact that legacy of volunteerism, stewardship, and hard work that has allowed us to succeed. The second factor is the neces- sity to develop a comprehensive, achievable plan for the future. The Arboretum’s master plan is designed to fulfill the rich potentials for education, conservation, and recreation. I can report to you that the partnership that is dedicated to the Arboretum — the City of Seattle, the University of Washington, and The Arboretum Foundation — is working bet- ter than ever before. Our staff is extremely well qualified and professional. The volunteers, who are and always will be the essential core of the Arboretum, are as numerous, vigorous, and as committed as ever. Also, the Foundation is financially sound (see page 19), thanks to our many loyal members and donors. Our financial condition allows us to step briskly into the new millennium with confidence, though in order to achieve our potential, both the membership and donor base must expand significantly. The Foundation’s mission “to ensure stewardship for the Washington Park Arbore- tum” has guided us well for 65 years and is still appropriate for our future. So, I must say it is really a wonderful experience to be an Arboretum volunteer. This place has grown well and achieved much, and the potential for the next 65 years is exciting. Come join, volunteer, contribute, visit, and be an active part of a Pacific Northwest treasure. — Dave Hervey, President CONTENTS People in the Arboretum 18 The Arboretum Foundation: Sixty-five Years of Stewardship by Deborah Andrews 1 From the Arboretum Foundation President: The Arboretum Founda- tion at 65 Years by Dave Hervey 19 Arboretum Foundation Finances 20 The Arboretum Foundation 2 Nature C^the Arboretum Visitor Member Who Went Wild by Kathy Wolf by Joan Hockaday 6 WPA Grows Its Potential: The 25 In the Washington Park Arboretum: Early Years by Jan Pirzio-Biroli Winter into Spring by John A. Wott 10 Sixty-Five Years of Volunteers by Nancy Davidson Short 26 For Further Information: Readers a la Cart by Brian Thompson 13 How Visitors View the Japanese Garden by Carolann Freid 27 Can You Tell Me? by Je annine Curry 16 The Kids’ Perspective: Hands-On Tours in the Arboretum 29 Ciscoe Morris’s Favorite WPA Trees by Julie DeBarr by James “Ciscoe” Morris 61:4 1 Nature Cb'the Arboretum Visitor BY KATHY WOLF 2 Washington Park Arboretum Bulletin Joy Spurr Jan Silver Why do you visit WPA? Do others share your interests and reasons? Seattle’s public greenspaces are in- creasingly called upon to serve the needs of growing numbers of people who turn to nature for recreational and educa- tional experiences. Early in the history of urban greenspace planning, Frederick Law Olmsted strived to create healing settings to counteract the challenges of urban life — the strain of poor work- ing conditions and debilitating effects of congested living and working environments. His associates later designed Washington Park Arboretum (WPA). Though urban conditions have improved for most residents, the experience of nature in cities is no less valuable. The mission of any arboretum, such as WPA, is to develop a planned program of sci- ence-based plant collections, research, and edu- cation. Yet, in addition, people have numer- ous responses, cognitions, and benefits that are outcomes of passive experiences of nature. Re- search in environmental psychology and related fields offers insight into the dynamics of human interaction with trees and greenspace. For instance, recent studies at other arboreta and public gardens suggest how important die expe- rience of nature can be for many people. Visitors to the Brooklyn Botanic Garden and New York Botani- cal Garden reported, in a survey, dieir three most im- portant reasons for visiting the gardens — relaxation, stress reduction, and inspiration. In addition, the most enjoyed features were trees, flowers, wooded areas, and ponds. Users can benefit psychologically from enjoying a variety of plant displays in urban gardens (Sullivan Bennett and Swasey, 1996). A series of studies at Morton Arboretum revealed that people develop profound emotional ties to trees and forests. Social scientists concur that trees and vegetation can have a healing or beneficial, relaxing effect on their visitors (Dwyer, Schroeder, and Gobster 1994). Photos top: Artists take advantage of early spring color near Azalea Way. bottom: During a nature hike led by Len Kashmer, a teacher at Franklin High, his students examine a Mahonia ‘Arthur Menzies’ in the foseph Witt Winter Garden. Psychological research helps us understand the depth of Olmsted’s intuitions. We have learned about the healthful influences of nature in terms of human physiology, cognition, and emotion. Certain human responses to nature ap- pear to be universal; they are displayed by people of different ages and life-styles, in different cul- tures and countries. In the following sections are highlights from research and theory about the relationship of people and nature. How the Body Reacts to Nature We have long lmown that active movement in natural settings, such as walldng in WPA or garden- ing at home, can tone and condition our bodies. But researchers have taken this a step further by discover- ing that even looking at natural views benefits physical well-being. For over two decades, environmental psycholo- gist Roger Ulrich has studied the effect that views of natural settings have on human physiological sttess. In an early study, Ulrich determined that post-sur- gery convalescence was aided when patients had views of nature. He compared the recovery of patients who had views of brick walls with like patients who could view trees from their windows. Those with window views of frees recovered faster, had fewer complica- tions, and required fewer analgesics during recovery. In studies where participants view stressful situations and then view scenes of natural or built settings, it has been repeatedly found that their passive experiences of nature diminish stress re- sponse. When people are able to see natural scenes, their physiological indicators — heart- beat, blood pressure, and brain-wave patterns — reveal faster stress recovery. Recent studies showed that people’s re- sponse to traffic stress was based on the partici- pants’ immediate experience prior to such stress. That is, those study subjects whose immediate prior experience to the stress was a natural set- ting showed lower levels of stress response dur- ing the challenging experience. Thus, people can — and may — pursue contact with nature to both ease feelings of stress and to prepare for situations in which they anticipate uncomfort- able experiences. How Nature Restores the Mind Humans actively receive information from their surroundings. They cognitively process sen- sory input, both consciously and subconsciously. Information processing is a demanding task. 61:4 3 Rachel and Stephen Kaplan (1989) have de- scribed the causes and consequences of mental latigue in our daily lives. Increasingly, in work and in everyday functions, we are called upon to locus our attention on very specific projects. We must maintain attention to a task in the face of numerous distractions and interruptions. Over time, this tremendous need for concentration can result in what is known as directed attention fa- tigue. The symptoms are irritability, temper flare- ups, and an inability to concentrate on work. Encounters with nature are a potential an- tidote to directed attention fatigue, because na- ture provides opportunities for involuntary at- tention. Elements of nature have a direct, exciting quality that engages our attention without ef- fort. Moving water, dramatic skies, and the mo- tion of trees in wind are fascinating natural phe- nomena that attract us, while providing cognitive respite and recharge. Researchers have analyzed environments that tend to provide such a recharge. The litera- ture on recreation tends to equate escape or with- drawal with the idea of a restorative experience; however, time spent away in pristine wilderness is but one instance that provides restorative ben- efit. A sense of being away can be designed into parks and gardens within the urban fabric. Restorative settings are not necessarily large land parcels; rather, they entail elements and fea- tures that vary from our usual experiences and provide interest— distinctive plants, sculpture, and fascinating interpretive materials. Places with an element of mystery — the subtle promise of additional learning or discovery if one enters — are particularly appealing. They sat- isfy two fundamental human needs — understand- ing and exploration. In any human environment — be it a park, the Internet, or a shopping mall — we strive to find the balance between malting sense and learning something new within it. If the features of a place are readily under- stood and offer no new information, we find it boring. On the other hand, if an environment is chaotic, difficult to understand, and offers more information than we can cognitively sort and order, we experience frustration and anxiety. To summarize, urban restorative settings are places of outdoor nature that have several key at- tributes. The first is the perception of being away. This can be achieved in modestly sized park set- tings, using natural features that both help us un- derstand the setting and promise new information. Second, while the extent of the restorative space is important, it need not be a large space. For example, the Japanese garden-design prin- ciple of shakkei — borrowed scenery — describes how to integrate the visual features of adjacent properties and landscapes into the viewer’s expe- riences, expanding the perceived extent of a space. Finally, compatibility is important. Restor- ative places do not require much effort to move about them, and they fulfill people’s intentions for action. Compatible places provide ample con- ditions to participate in various nature-based roles, such as wildlife and people watching, picnicking, and guided hiking. WPA, both in its current condition and as proposed in its master plan, contains many restor- ative settings. The Winter and Japanese Gardens, for instance, are distinct settings that offer a sense of being away and can be explored, yet are gener- ally understood and compatible for a variety of us- ers. Any greenspace can be designed to integrate a formal program of educational and interpretive activities with intentional landscape characteristics that promote cognitive well-being. Emotion: Connected to Place We may not even be conscious of our physiological and cognitive responses to views of trees and nature. Nonetheless, such responses can be at the root of our moods, feelings, and emotions. On one level, the latent influence of nature may be felt wherever we encounter ur- ban nature. At another level, repeated visits to a favorite natural setting, such as the Arboretum, can initiate strong feelings of place attachment. Our society tends to overlook the signifi- cance of place in our self-identity and well-being. An individual’s psyche is traditionally defined in terms of the interpersonal, social relationships of our past, present, and future. Yet, Harold Proshansky, an environmental psychologist, noted that our subjective sense of self is defined and expressed not only by an individual’s relationship to other people, but also by his or her relation- ships to the various physical settings that define and structure day-to-day life. He observes that, through personal attachment to specific places, a person acquires a sense of belonging and pur- pose that gives meaning to his or her life. While the home is the “central reference point of hu- man existence,” other places can take on deep significance (Proshansky, Fabian, and Kaminoff 1983). 4 Washington Park Arboretum Bulletin Our attachments to places are created through many different kinds of experiences. Sounds, odors, patterns of light, and the general mood of a forested setting provide memorable moments for many people. The dynamic changes of forests — from morning to evening, through the seasons and year to year — shape distinctive, some- times unpredictable, experiences over multiple vis- its. For example, research shows that smells tend to trigger responses that are more emotional and cognitive than visual stimuli, and smells also tend to be remembered more vividly than the visual char- acteristics of a place. While such experiences are rarely managed or planned for a forest environ- ment, these conditions may most influence our re- lationship with a managed environment, such as an arboretum. Over time, a bonding relationship can emerge between a person and an outdoor envi- ronment. Repeated encounters lead to a famil- iarity that, at the very least, shapes a person’s ex- pectations of the functions of the setting. In some instances, a beloved place comes to shape the personal identity of a person or community. The attachment to place has consequences for greenspace planners. Some features within an arboretum are beloved or cherished, and pa- trons will take a special interest in them. Any change to a popular feature would receive extra attention. In addition, place attachment plays a role in the relationship of an arboretum to sur- rounding communities. The personal significance of the site to neighbors differs from the connec- tions that long-distance visitors experience. Evaluating Nature’s Benefits As landscape designer Olmsted recognized, nature in cities may be essential for public health and well-being. In a general sense, few would deny the premise. People resonate to greenspace; indeed, the biophilia hypothesis suggests that an innate association of people and greenspace may be a vestige of our evolutionary history (Kellert and Wilson 1993). But how might this phenom- enon be acknowledged in the design and plan- ning of open spaces? Why do visitors come to the Washington Park Arboretum? Though we can surmise a great deal about visitors’ actions, based on the results of prior research, an on-site evaluation can re- veal insightful details about user patterns and in- terests in the Arboretum. For example, this author and students of a University of Washington landscape architecture studio course conducted a pilot study for a visi- tors survey at the Arboretum, in summer 1996. Respondents were interviewed on weekdays, and many were repeat visitors. The 15 people re- ported their reasons for visits, which included daily walks for light exercise, brainstorming breaks while working, a place away on business trips to Seattle, and quality time with family. The primary function of an arboretum is to present and interpret collections of plant taxonomic groups and biogeographic displays. Though many users recognize this mandate, others are drawn to a tree place for the complex array of forest experi- ences it offers. The challenge is to provide arbore- tum settings that are personally restorative as well as educational. The relationship of trees to people is a pow- erful one, according to social science research and our own experiences. Wooded settings can touch a person to the very core — mentally, physiologi- cally, and emotionally — triggering deeply held values for trees and extensive health benefits. Kathleen L. Wolf is assistant professor at the Center for Urban Horticulture. View the web site containing information on Human Dimensions of Urban Forests: www.cfr.washington.edu/enviro- mind. Reach Dr. Wolf at: kwolf@u.washington.edu References Dwyer, J.F., H.W. Schroeder, and P.H. Gobster. 1994. “The Deep Significance of Urban Trees and Forests.” In Platt, R.H. , R.A. Rowntree, and P.C. Muiclc, editors. The Ecological City: Preserving and Restoring Urban Biodiversity. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press. Kaplan, R., and S. Kaplan. 1989. The Experience of Nature: A Psychological Perspective. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Kellert, S.R, and E.O. Wilson, editors. 1993. The Biophilia Hypothesis. Washington, DC: Island Press. Proshansky, H.M., A.K. Fabian, and R. Kaminoff. 1983. “Place-Identity: Physical World Socialization of the Self.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 3:57-83. Sullivan Bennett, E., and J.E. Swasey. 1996. “Perceived Stress Reduction in Urban Public Gardens.” HortTechnology 6(2): 125-8. 61:4 5 \ V PA Grows Its Potential BY JAN PIRZIO-BIROLI PHOTOS BY JOY SPURR During the early years of Washing- ton Park Arboretum’s existence, from the mid-1980s through World War II, Arboretum staff and supporters concentrated on acquiring plant material and cre- ating a garden out of second-growth forest. From the beginning, the Arboretum’s con- tributions to the horticultural world were impres- sive. So were the many contributions of The Ar- boretum Foundation, whose members helped shape the grounds, supported the operation, and sometimes donated many unusual plants to the fledgling collections. The history of enthusiastic support resulted in early success. This influenced the Arboretum’s director, Brian Mulligan, who was appointed in 1947, and led him to publish his vision of the Arboretum’s purposes. By autumn 1949, Mulligan’s philosophy of the Arboretum’s future potential was written, based on its remarkable evolution to that time. Who in the Arboretum? Long-time Ar- boretum Founda- tion volunteer Jan Pirzio-Biroli is re- tired from the Cen- ter for Urban Hor- ticulture. Says Jan, former editor of the Bulletin , “I will never forget my in- troduction to The Ar- boretum Foundation’s plant sale, in the mid- 1950s, when I was a beginning gardener. My boss phoned from the sale to tell me ‘You have to get down here’. When I arrived, he pulled from under a table a stick wrapped in tinfoil, priced 50 cents, and ex- plained, ‘The ladies say that this is one we have to have’. It was a small specimen of Enkianthus ■ which remains in my garden today.” Brian Mulligan wrote that Washington Park Arboretum had the potential to: 1. serve as a large-scale test garden of trees and shrubs for its own and similar climates; 2 . disperse information by various means both to groups and individuals who require it; 3. by good example and practice, and the introduction of new or better plants, improve the stan- dard of gardening both locally or elsewhere; and 4. bring to its citizens and visitors not only a living museum for study and appreciation, but also a place of mental and physical relaxation in natural and peaceful surroundings. Mulligan’s predecessor, John Hanley, Mulligan himself, and his assistant director, Joseph Witt, accomplished these goals in cooperation with The Arboretum Foundation. The manner in which it was done is history. A brief summary of their contributions up to the 1980s is presented below. Plant Testing & Introduction Plant testing and introduction have always been one of the Arboretum’s prime functions. Species and hybrids from around the world that are rare, desirable, or both have been acquired through various sources, tested, and made avail- able to nurseries and other public gardens. A typical example is Rehderodendron macrocarpum , a rare Chinese species whose seed was collected for the Arnold Arboretum in Boston, which shared it with us. Though it was not hardy in Boston, our specimens thrived and became an important seed source for other institutions. Hybridization and the selection of especially desirable specimens for propagation have been another aspect of plant introduction. Garry a x issaquabensis is an example of the named hybrids and cultivars representative of the Arboretum’s work in this field. It was so named because seeds of the original cross were supplied to the Arbo- retum for distribution by Mrs. Pat Ballard, whose home was on the Pine Lake Plateau in Issaquah. Often special collections of plants or scions have been sent upon request to institutions around the world, ranging from the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture (USDA) and other botanical gardens in the USA to as far away as Russia. In 1939, the Arboretum joined the Inter- national Seed Exchange, an organization that enables public institutions to distribute seeds from cultivated plants and those collected in the wild. 6 Washington Park Arboretum Bulletin That first year, the Arboretum sent 1500 pack- ets of seed to 109 institutions. A large portion of this material came from a collecting trip led by University of Washington (UW) botany pro- fessor C. Leo Hitchcock to the Siskiyou Moun- tains of Oregon, an area famous for its rare plants. Over the years, staff members and associ- ates of the Arboretum have made seed collect- ing an important part of their vacations into natural habitats since wild-collected material is always in demand. However, distribution of seed from choice species in the Arboretum’s collec- tions has also been important. Packaging and mailing of seeds were, for many years, the re- sponsibility of the Foundation’s Unit 25. The seed exchange, involving many volunteers, con- tinues to the present. Meeting the Demand for Information Another important, continuing contribu- tion by the Arboretum is the dispersal of plant information. By 1937, telephone requests for in- formation were flooding in. Arboretum tours were given upon request. Weekly radio broad- casts were being offered. Brian Mulligan later reported: “In 1950, 791 inquiries were answered by phone, 47 orga- nized parties visited and were shown ‘round the Arboretum, and 24 lectures were given.” Publications. For many years, the Arbore- tum Bulletin , first published in December 1936, continued, page 8 voia; Photos top: On May 8, 1985, Brian Mulligan, former director of the Arboretum, and wife Margaret, also very active in the Arboretum, help break ground for the Graham Visitors Center. middle: Ann O’Mera and John McDonnell, volunteers in the Pat Calvert Greenhouse, at a plant sale. The Greenhouse also is open for sales each Tuesday, 10am — noon. bottom: Rita Rae Cloney volunteers for The Arboretum Foundation’s annual Greens Galore. Here she supervises sales of rosemary, holly, and lavender for wreath -malting. 61:4 7 served as a primary source of plant information for Foundation members, but also for other read- ers and plant institutions in the USA and abroad. Contributors included experts from around the world as well as UW professors, nurserymen, and many knowledgeable gardeners. For example, from the UW College of Forest Resources, Pro- fessor Frank Brockman’s series of articles on na- tive trees extended from Douglas-fir (Spring 1952) to red alder (Summer 1959). Famous lo- cal gardeners Else Frye, Frances Roberson, and Pat Ballard were among the authors of descrip- tions that were frequently very detailed as well as lists of plant species and genera. Brian Mulligan and Joe Witt were regular contributors, not only in Arboretum reports but also by describing the important plants in the collections and gardens they visited as Arboretum representatives. The diversity of the Bulletin’s authors is exemplified by the Fall 1959 issue. In addition to articles by local gardeners and staff members, it contained pieces on their respective botanical gardens by Donald Wyman of the Arnold Arbo- retum and Henry Teuscher of the Montreal Bo- tanical Garden. W.H. Hodge of Longwood Gar- dens wrote on Longwood’s cooperation with the USDA. Theo Scheffer of the USDA wrote on field studies of Garry oak in Washington. Henry Skinner, of the US National Arboretum, wrote about azaleas native in eastern America. In addi- tion, the Bulletin reprinted a lecture on the im- portance of trees in the urban landscape by Garrett Eckbo, a famous urban designer. Lectures & classes. The public came to lec- tures and courses that were developed for them by an education committee consisting of Arbo- retum and College of Forest Resources staff and faculty, with representatives from The Arbore- tum Foundation. In 1939, one of the first courses was offered on ornamental plants. It was presented jointly by Mr. Hanley and Dr. Hitchcock, who emphasized plant identification, methods of propagation, and rhododendron hybridizing. Mrs. Pat Ballard, well- known in Washington horticultural circles, offered her botanical lecture series to Foundation mem- bers until her death in 1964. Arboretum staff members also taught propagation (cuttings, seed germination, and hy- bridization) in the Arboretum greenhouse. In fact, instruction on how to propagate woody plants by cuttings remained such a popular topic that the Foundation Unit Council created the Patricia Calvert Greenhouse in 1959. There, over the years, it has been a valuable learning tool as well as a means of distributing small specimens of rare plants from the Arboretum collections and from members’ gardens. Classes and “cutting par- ties” were offered. Joy Spurr’s booklet, Cuttings through the Tear ; was first published in connection with the work of greenhouse volunteers and con- tinues to be useful in updated editions. Teaching and research. Over the years, the Arboretum grounds have been used for classes and research by UW departments as well as other institutions. For example, in the 1950s the De- partment of Zoology used the Arboretum ponds for instruction and research on the living organ- isms they contained. For many years Dr. Hitchcock, and later Professor Arthur R. Kruckeberg, gave plant identification classes for botany students on the Arboretum grounds. Other teachers followed suit. Tours. Tours of Arboretum collections have always been an important aspect of plant educa- tion. When Mulligan and Witt became over- burdened with too many requests, they arranged with the Foundation’s Unit Council to create a guide program, which evolved into four catego- ries: (1) native plants, mainly for children, (2) Foster Island, (3) Arboretum tours in general, and( 4) the Japanese Garden. Guide training not only prepared volunteer guides for work in the field but at the same time became for them a source of personal enrichment. For the study of native plants, Joe Witt cre- ated a native plant walk, which started with the three giant native conifer species across from the (then) Arboretum offices. From there it led south toward the Winter Garden and then looped back to the offices. Even people who follow that route today can identify, among others, a ponderosa pine that was planted on the east side of the walk, and on the west side, apparently out of context for an arboretum, specimens of thimbleberry and other shrubby natives. The tour of Foster Island was instructed by an extremely elderly former school teacher, Della Patch, who had an extraordinary sense of humor and related directly to children. She could lead three tours a day without faltering, and her ability to convey her exper- tise to other guides was superb. For general tours of the collections, knowl- edgeable gardeners were sent out onto the grounds to become more familiar with the Ar- boretum, and this technique worked well. They 8 Washington Park Arboretum Bulletin Convention Center www.gardenshow.com Hotline: 800.229.6311 Advance tickets available at retail nurseries. FLOWER & GARDEN SHOW SAWDLSTi SUPPLY [TL*lj iSffH k enriched their knowledge of the plantings, spe- cific plants, and special places, and then shared all of this with each other and the public. In contrast, leading tours in the Japanese garden was very specific. The garden, conceived in 1937, finally opened its gates in June 1960. It has been important not only for an understand- ing of Japanese culture but also to demonstrate an exotic form of plant treatment and landscape design. The principles of Japanese garden design and Japanese traditions were taught by dedicated supporters of the garden. Shows & sales. From the beginning, the Ar- boretum and the Foundation were active in sponsoring plant exhibits, often funded by the Foundation with plant materials contributed by the Arboretum. Probably the most important and long-lasting effort in this category was the annual Rhododendron Show, which was held for the first time in 1946, under a colorful tent at the head of Rhododendron Glen. The first Arboretum Foundation plant sale was given for its members in 1947, but soon it became a public event. It continues as one of the major Seattle plant sales, often introducing the gardening public to new and unusual plants. A Living Museum for Study, Appreciation, and Relaxation The basic context of Brian Mulligan’s fourth purpose for an arboretum goes almost without saying. Visitors are everywhere almost anytime. Some of them are walking for exer- cise, in what is for them a pleasant atmosphere. But most are there to see and enjoy the veg- etation, the flowers in spring and summer, the fall color, and individual specimens or plant combinations, as well as to learn what can be valuable for them and their gardens. Coming Up WPA continued to fulfill its promise in the last 20 years of the 20th century. In a future issue of the Bulletin , read: CCWPA Enters the Twenty-Eirst Century: What's New in the Living Museum ?v 61:4 9 Sixty-Five Years of Volunteers Arboretum Foundation members explain why they volunteer. BY NANCY DAVIDSON SHORT In 1934, the City of Seattle and the University of Washington signed an agreement that reserved all of Washington Park as a botanical garden and arboretum. During that same year, The Arboretum Foundation was established as a separate membership organization whose funding and volunteers support Washington Park Arboretum. Within a year, nearly one thousand people had joined the Foundation. Now, as we celebrate this sixty-fifth anniversary, Arbo- retum Foundation membership is nearly three thousand strong. What has this 200-acre garden park meant to our members? To find out, I talked to a number of them, both men and women. Some have been members for many years, others for only a year or two. Some are experts in one or another field of horticulture, yet most are gardeners in the process of learning. I asked, “What have you learned from the Arboretum? Why is it important to you? Why did you join?” Here are their answers. Who in the Arboretum? Nancy Davidson Short joined The Arboretum Foundation right after World War II. Nancy is a former editor of Sunset Magazine. You enjoy her monthly col- umn in Groundwork and the efforts of her volunteer activities. She is chair of the Foundation’s local Garden Tours Committee and is on the committee for the Pa- cific Gardens Contest. Says Nancy: “The Arboretum had a lot to do with my getting my job with Sunset. Milo Ryan, a friend and a professor in the then-School of Journalism at the University of Washington, was asked by Walter Doty, then editor of Sunset , to send in a monthly report on how the estab- lishment of the Arboretum was faring. Milo was very busy and asked me if I would like to try doing the job. I did and then met Mr. Doty, who eventually hired me, for what turned out to be a 3 5 -year-long career.” “I’d say I joined the Foundation in 1945 or 1946. I was already a member when Brian Mulligan arrived. I was an absolutely green gardener, and people I met, such as Pat Ballard, Dorothy Krauss and others, were won- derful about supplying me with good story material. Photo by Randy Davidson Brian and Joe Witt were a great help, too.” Nancy Davidson Short can be reached at nancyshort@aol . com . 10 Washington Park Arboretum Bulletin "The Arboretum determined the direc- tion in which I gardened for all the years to come." — Ruth Ellerbeck Ruth Ellerbeck joined The Arboretum Foundation as a beginning gardener in 1941 . It was fun to talk to her, to hear her laugh, sense the pleasure in her voice as she remembered. “We had wonderful garden classes going all the time, with very learned people to teach us. Pat Ballard was a special inspiration. We met once a week in a portable building in the Arbo- retum behind the office, and we all donated money to build a fireplace to have heat as the weather got cold.” Then she paused and reflected. “The Arboretum determined the direction in which I gardened for all the years to come.” "As my knowledge grows, I find that the time I spend at the Arboretum has turned into both a teaching and a learning opportunity. " — Dr. Ken Hollingsworth Dr. Ken Hollingsworth is a comparatively new member. “Frankly, I started out at the Ar- boretum for purely selfish reasons. I wanted to learn about the propagation and care of trees and shrubs, and I found out that the Pat Calvert Greenhouse offers that opportunity, which in- cludes going out into the Arboretum with an instructor and taking cuttings to root,” he said. “I was surprised to find out how much I enjoy working with knowledgeable volunteers. And now new people who come to the greenhouse to work with cuttings ask me questions. As my knowledge grows, I find that the time I spend at the Arboretum has turned into both a teaching and a learning opportunity. I enjoy feeling that I can contribute something to new Arboretum members.” "The Arboretum opened the whole plant world to me. It began with a free lecture I attended at the Visitors Center, on perennials." — Marian Raitz Marian Raitz has been an Arboretum Foun- dation member for about 10 years, ever since she and her husband built their house in Bellevue and faced a wilderness of a yard. When I asked her what she had gotten from the Arboretum, she did not hesitate. “The Arboretum opened the whole plant world to me. It began with a free lecture I at- tended at the Visitors Center, on perennials. Af- ter that, I discovered the Pat Calvert Green- house.” Today, Marian’s two-acre-plus garden shows off a stunning collection of well- grown rare and unusual shrubs and trees. Included is an eye-popping March display of a bed of pink- and purple -flowered Helleborus orientalis , which she grew from seed. Marian and her husband are slowly turning a steep ravine and the bubbling stream they uncovered at its base, from a tangle of blackberries, brush, and bracken, into a stroll garden of Northwest natives and other plants that like our climate and acid soil. "It is important for me to see and get to know mature specimens of trees and shrubs in the various collections, to observe their growth habits — their leaf color from spring to fall — and to be able to anticipate their size when planted in a residential garden. — Keith Geller Fandscape architect Keith Geller lives close enough to the Arboretum to walk its trails often. He reminded me of the famous firm of landscape architects who designed the original layout for the Arboretum, the Olmsted Brothers of Boston. “It is important for me to see and get to know mature specimens of trees and shrubs in the vari- ous collections, to observe their growth habits — their leaf color from spring to fall — and to be able to anticipate their size when planted in a residential garden.” continued, page 12 61:4 11 "...the Arboretum was a hotbed of people with lots of gardening experi- ence for spring bulbs: Rosina Mclvor, Lee Clarke — the list goes on." — Ann Love joy When Ann Lovejoy was a young mother with small children and not much money, she found herself with an ever-increasing interest in learning about and growing ornamentals. She told me that the Arboretum offered an incom- parable resource. “Arboretum plant sales were literally the only source of rare and unusual plants. And the Arboretum volunteers who ran the sales were incredible experts. In fact, the Arboretum was a hotbed of people with lots of gardening experience for spring bulbs: Rosina Mclvor, Lee Clarke — the list goes on.” From being an eager and enthusiastic beginner, Ann has become an expert her- self, a nationally known garden writer and newspaper columnist, and an extremely popular lecturer. "My most memorable experience at the Arboretum was meetinq people, mak- ing great friends, and learning from them." — Frances Roberson Frances Roberson has been an Arboretum enthusiast since its inception. Now in her nine- ties, she says, “My most memorable experience at the Arboretum was meeting people, making great friends, and learning from them.” I remember gathering seeds of the various Sorbus (mountain ash) varieties with her a few years ago. Her enthusiasm is contagious, and like most gardeners, she has her own personal wis- dom to divulge. She loaned me a small hand- held magnifying glass so I could see and make note of what Sorbus fruits really look like. I rarely go into my own garden without that glass in my pocket, and promised recently to return it. "You are just the kind of person we want in our Arboretum Unit. Will you come as my guest to the next meet- ing?"— As said to llga Jansons Ilga Jansons is a new Arboretum Founda- tion member, completely engrossed in develop- ing a six-acre garden near Kenmore. Ilga is an artist, a graphics designer, and an ex-Microsoft employee. A comparative newcomer to Seattle and to gardening, she has dived in head first, studying plant material, designing special gardens, building garden structures, and experimenting with everything from alpine plants to magnolias. When I asked her how she happened to join, her answer surprised me. “Why did I join the Arboretum? Well, it was kind of by chance. I was plant shopping in the Fred Meyer nursery shop one day, and a pleas- ant looking woman asked me a question about a perennial we were both looking at. We started chatting, and in a few minutes she said, ‘You are just the kind of person we want in our Arbore- tum Unit. Will you come as my guest to the next meeting?’ So I gave her my name and telephone number. At home I thought, ‘I will never hear from her again’, but in two days she called to invite me to a luncheon meeting at Margaret Mulligan’s house. The people I met were warm and welcoming and keenly interested in garden- ing. I felt privileged to be asked to join them.” "The Arboretum's greatest value to me has been the people I've met, men and women with interests similar to mine." — Phil Wood Phil Wood, garden designer and landscape architect, is a Seattle native. His Wallingford gar- den reveals him as a compulsive plant collector. His backyard feels like an acre in the country. “The Arboretum’s greatest value to me has been the people I’ve met, men and women with inter- ests similar to mine. We recognize no distinction of age or wealth or gender. I learn from other volunteers, from conversations, from meeting people I would never otherwise know.” So, the Arboretum is certainly more than a lovely setting for trees and shrubs. It is a people place that offers a great many ways to partici- pate, to meet people with the same interests, and to become acquainted with trees and shrubs, not as nursery infants but as full grown specimens. 12 Washington Park Arboretum Bulletin How Visitors View the Japanese Garden BY CAROLANN FREID The gates to the Japanese Garden are closed. It is a few minutes before ten in the morning, and there are several people eagerly waiting to get in. Peering through the gates, they try to get a glimpse of the splendor that awaits them. It is evening, moments before the Garden is to close. Here and there visitors linger, hoping to stay just a few minutes longer, reluctant to relinquish the sense of serenity and peace the Garden provides. The Japanese Garden has attracted thou- sands of visitors in its 40 -year history. What is its spell? Why do people come? What do they imag- ine they will see when they arrive? And what im- pressions do they take with them when they leave? Whether your interests are cultural, histori- cal, horticultural, or a blending of these three, this Garden holds a special place in the minds of most visitors. We often see peaceful smiles and hear expressions of elation and delight. “What a treasure, what a beautiful and peaceful place,” someone wrote in our visitors book. “It is won- derful. There are so many colors and textures and continued , page 14 Photos upper left: Young visitors some- times ask, “Who lives in the teahouse?” Photo by Joy Spurr lower left: Students Dustin Cho, Spencer Easton, Eva Wingren, and Molly Molvik visited the Japanese Gar- den, while still students at North City Elementary School. Here they excitedly viewed koi from the moon -viewing plat- form. Photo by Jan Silver 61:4 13 surprises. It is simply wonderful. We don’t have much time, but this was worth every minute,” said a family of four visiting from Cedar Rapids. I found myself becoming more and more curious about the impressions visitors had. I asked colleagues and acquaintances and sometimes even complete strangers if they had ever visited the Japanese Garden and what they thought of it. One such query brought an unusual response: “For years I promised myself I would visit the Garden. I had heard so many lovely things about it. I intended to, but never quite got around to it. Then one day I did visit, and I felt both rewarded and disappointed. Rewarded be- cause it filled me with such wonder and peace and disappointed because it had taken me so long to get there.” There was of course no limit to what chil- dren were willing to share about their experience in the Garden. The “Fish Food for Sale” sign usually signals where most children begin their visit. Children gravitate to the moon -viewing plat- form to watch the koi dart for food. Or stand on the zigzag bridge, to watch, on a bright day, turtles absorbing the heat from rocks off of Turtle Island. Their questions are many and their comments are very imaginative and cre- ative. They want to know why the lanterns are not burning. Who takes care of the fish. Whether or not you can fish in the ponds. Where the boats are. Who takes care of the garden. And as one child asked, after hearing a croaking bull frog, “Where are the cows?” The youngest of our visitors is often the one who sees the dragonflies, is curious about how the moss feels, and wonders if you can use the bark from the paperbark maple to write on. They want to climb the mountain, find the dragon shape in the waterfall, and run their fin- gers over the rock that looks like the skin of a dragon. They ask, “Who lives in the Tea House?” And when told that the Tea House is a special place to drink tea, they want to know who drinks the tea and what it tastes like. Even with all these questions, the magic of the koi swimming be- tween the ponds and under the bridges still brings the highest praise and the greatest thrill. As they scurry off to make their next discov- ery, not waiting for an answer to a particular ques- tion, you learn quickly that your answer cannot compete with the koi and the turtles. Sometimes I feel that watching a child in the Japanese Garden is like seeing the Garden for the very first time. Our adult visitors have an equal number of unusual and probing questions. Wondering about the plants, the design of the Garden , and its his- tory, their questions move into the realm of sci- entific and cultural inquiry. Often, they come just to sit and enjoy the peace, taking in the simple and complex charm the Garden offers to even the most sophisticated visitor. The entry into the Garden is pulsated by sashaying bamboo, a lovely laceleaf maple tree, a stone basin, large rocks, and a dry riverbed. Most folks move with a steady gait along the path un- til they find a place to sit and rest and contem- plate. Some visitors come to work and some to be inspired. Who in the Arboretum? Carolann Freid is chair of Arboretum Foundation Unit 86, Japanese Garden- Prentice Bloedel. She is a member of the Japanese Garden Advisory Council and is a board member of the Japanese Garden So- ciety. Through spring 2000, visit Unit 86’s Japanese-influenced Signature Bed in front of the Graham Visitors Center. Carolann, on break from her psychology practice, helps prepare the Signature Bed (below). Photo by Penny Lewis 14 Washington Park Arboretum Bulletin An artist working on a painting of the stone moon bridge said, “I never expected to see so much beauty in one place.” The Garden held the possibility of many paintings, and selecting one proved to be his greatest challenge. He wanted to know more about the bridge, the lantern nearby, and what the garden looked like in win- ter. All I could say was that every ^season, every day leaves its own indelible mark. The Garden changes, seems to remain the same but is never quite the way we last remembered it. Onetime visitors, especially those from other states and countries, have to take in the Garden in just one visit. On a gray June day, I asked a family from California what they saw and what they will remember of their visit. They said, “We liked the garden; we liked the weeping wil- low and ferns best of all.” Then, their ten-year- old chimed in. “We loved the lily pond and, of course, the koi.” “Ah,” I said, ”The lily pads are out.” And in a moment, my mind rushed back to the glorious wisteria that blooms in spring and how its fading blossoms may have been a signal to the lily pads to indeed come out, and further back still, to the first moments of spring when the banks of azaleas showered the Garden with dazzling color. I wanted to say something to them about the autumn leaves, when the maples are in their glory and stun the senses. But, I thought better of it. What they saw and experienced seemed to be enough, enough in those few mo- ments to distill the pleasure that the Garden brings, even on a very wet, overcast day. I know that each moment, each day, to each new set of eyes, the Garden brings an ever-chang- ing beauty, never to be reexperienced in quite the same way. I read comments such as “Peace. I have never imagined such beautiful, beautiful peace” or, “We were transplanted to another world.” I know that what you experience will be unique and personal. It may be a subtle fragrance, a newly observed plant, or something that com- pels you to return and share the experience with others. Whatever you encounter, this very spe- cial place is not like any other garden you are likely to find in Seattle. It is the Japanese Garden. Share your experiences of the Japanese garden in the comment book at the ticket booth. Emery b Garden u) the Place to Let Your Imagination Grow most fantastic flowers, plants and trees you'll find anywhere. Explore a new, old nursery and discover one surprise after another. You'll be amazed* EMERY'S GARDEN Get Planting 2829 164th St. SW • 425-743-4555 Open Daily 10 - 6 • till 8 on Thurs. & Fri. www.emerysgarden.com EASY TO FIND FROM ANYWHERE! Emery's is located in Lynnwood. One mile north of Alderwood Mall. Take 1-5 to exit #183 (1 64th SW), we're one mile west on the corner of 1 64th SW & Alderwood Mall Parkway. 61:4 15 The Arboretum Under the trees, Over the ground, Plants of all kinds, Can be found. Reaching up to touch a cloud, Some branches straight, Some branches bowed. Beautifully colored leaves in Autumn, All should see the Arboretum. — Student, West Mercer Elementary Praise for “Life Cycle of a Plant” The “Spring Sprouts” tour, for grades 3- 6, traces a plant’s life cycle from flowers to fruits and ties in directly with the Seattle School District’s third-grade science curriculum. Stu- dents and teachers, alike, enjoy collecting data, pollinating flowers, and planting seeds to take home. Wrote one student: “I learned that a red seater [red cedar] could be made into a canew [canoe]. I really liked it when we got to plant our own plants and take them home.” — Third- Grader, Arrowhead Elementary In autumn, children take part in “Fantastic Fall.” They explore seed production and dispersal, photosynthesis, and the reason leaves change color. Each year, Washington Park Arboretum tours reach over 4000 students enrolled in public, private, and home schools around Puget Sound. Volunteers arrive in all weather to lead students through the Arboretum. They vary in age and experience. Some are high school students on service learning projects or college students looking for environmental education experience. Others may be retirees who come to the Arboretum through an assortment of career doors. Since 1997 alone, they have contributed over 2500 hours. The art on these pages illus- trated the thank-you notes that volunteers have received from satisfied students. The Kids’ Hands-On Tour Children thank WPAjjuides BY JU1 16 Washington Park Arboretum Bulletin Please send acknowledgement to: Join us in supporting the Washington Park Arboretum , a living museum , a garden of discovery and an outdoor classroom. used now? Students in grades 3-8 learn to identify several Northwest native plants and discover their importance for then and now, in “Plants and People of the Northwest.” A youngster appreciated new information and the lead- ers who imparted it: “I learned that cedar bark is soft and doesn’t give you splinters. Also I learned that you guys and girls make a great team. I like this field trip a lot. — Third- Grader, Olympic View Elementary Words on the “Wetland Ecology Walk” Teachers bring their students year after year to partici- pate in the Wetland Ecology Walk, for grades K-8. Using dip nets and magnifiers, students delve into the world of aquatic insects to gain the understanding that all living things are an important link in the food chain. Through scavenger hunts and metaphor games, students discover firsthand the importance of a wetland. Their praise is effusive: “Thank you for letting us do hands-on learning!” — Sixth- Grader, Valley View Elementary “I like the great blue heron the most. I’m glad you were willing to take the time to be a guide. I hope to bring my parents sometime.” — Third- Grader, West Mercer Elementary “I also liked looking at the small organisms under the magnifying boxes. It was neat! The treasure hunt was fun! It made me think about things I normally don’t think about! Thanks again!” — Third- Grader, West Mercer Elementary Julie DeBarr is the education coordinator for Washington Park Arboretum. Reach her at: 206.543.8801. To volunteer for Saplings, call Elaine Anderson, at The Arboretum Foundation: 206.325.4510. ’erspective: n the Arboretum r tours of nature and wildlife. DEBARR Wondered one attendee: “I learned seeds are baby plants... Does the Arboretum have all the trees in the world? I think trees and leaves are very cool.” — Third-Grader, Arrowhead El- ementary Children “Discover Plants” Plants and people are more alike than chil- dren think. “Discover Plants” helps the younger students in K-2 to explore the Arboretum. There they observe the colors, shapes, sounds, and smells as they learn what plants (and people) need to grow and be healthy. On “Plants and People of the Northwest” What is a native plant? How have these plants been used in the past, and how are they Q-LL V<\ , 61:4 17 The Arboretum Foundation- 65 Tears of Stewardship "An arboretum for the Pacific Northwest is now assured." These confident words opened the first issue of the Arboretum Bulle- tin in December 1936. The words marked the excitement and certainty of the Wash- ington Park Arboretum’s first director, Hugo Winkenwerder, who recognized the magnificent progress already evident after the Arboretum’s first two years of development. Winkenwerder was excited, to be sure, by the collaborative effort that gave the Arboretum its start and gathered the many resources needed to ensure the creation of an institution of scientific and civic sig- nificance. He was certain, no doubt, of the horticul- tural, recreational, and aesthetic potential of this uniquely situated park, its varied topography and rich growing environment. The Arboretum, Winkenwerder predicted, “will be a tremendous asset to the entire Pacific Northwest... as a place for intellectual recreation, aesthetic ap- preciation, research and scientific study.” He could not have been more accurate. In its 65 years, the Washington Park Arboretum has exceeded the expectations of its founders by cul- tivating one of the world’s largest public collec- tions of temperate woody plants, by being a unique outdoor classroom for thousands of school children and horticultural students, and as a treasured urban oasis for generations of Puget Sound-area residents. For 65 years, volunteers and members of The Arboretum Foundation have successfully provided stewardship for the Arboretum in the form of fund raising, community relations, and hands-on activities, ranging from plant study groups to creating the Plant Donations Depart- ment. Arboretum horticultural programs, main- tenance, and facilities, including the Graham Visi- tors Center, have been partially or fully funded by The Arboretum Foundation, through the gen- erosity of Foundation donors. Recently, public interest in the Arbore- tum— and voluntary participation in the Arbo- retum Foundation — have noticeably increased. The communities around and within the Arbo- retum have shaped and supported the Arbore- tum master plan, a comprehensive guide for re- newing and improving the Arboretum in the decades to come. In fact, over 4,000 people, over a period of five years, have participated in some way in the Arboretum plan’s crafting. This growing interest in the Arboretum’s future is an opportunity for even more effective stewardship for this magnificent public garden. Our greatest challenges — expanding and maintain- ing funding sources in an increasingly competitive world and developing membership and public pro- grams relevant and accessible to today’s busy people — cannot be met unless dedicated volunteers con- tinue to provide insight, leadership and countless hours of hard work. (Fortunately, we all manage to have some fun and appreciate the outstanding beauty of the Arboretum, even as we work.) Mr. Winkenwerder probably could not have imagined the complex, fast-paced, and thriving urban environment in which the Wash- ington Park Arboretum operates today. But he and so many others recognized the essential role the Arboretum would play in the Pacific North- west, in the decades to come. Winkenwerder, as I, would also heartily thank and congratulate Arboretum Foundation members and volunteers for 65 years of dedi- cated stewardship and invite you all to continue to expand the legacy of community involvement in this Northwest treasure, the Washington Park Arboretum. Deborah Andrews, Executive Director, The Arboretum Foundation 18 Washington Park Arboretum Bulletin The Arboretum Foundation Balance Sheet For the fiscal years ending June 30, 1 999 and June 30, 1 998 Current Assets 1998-1999 1 997-1 998 Cash $204,221 $174,789 Short-term investments 644,249 493,634 Receivables 2,663 27,579 Prepaid expenses and deposits 7,544 7,222 Inventory 21,097 19,906 Total current assets $879,774 $723,130 Long-term investments 379,417 485,418 Land 7,015 7,015 Property and equipment 35,991 47,941 Liabilities and Net Assets Current Liabilities $1,302,197 $1,263,504 Accounts payable and accrued expenses 38,384 34.646 Total current liabilities $ 38,384 $34,646 New Assets Unrestricted 816,513 744,506 Temporarily restricted 307,063 350,410 Permanently restricted 140.237 1 33,942 Total net assets $1,263,813 $1,228,858 Total Liabilities and Net Assets $1,302,197 $1 .263.504 The Arboretum Foundation 65 th Anniversary As we celebrate 65 years of stewardship of the Washington Park Arboretum, we thank the many volunteers and members who made it possible. We look forward to your continued participation in the years to come. Thank you for your interest, dedication, and effort in support of a Northwest treasure — the Washington Park Arboretum. 2300 Arboretum Drive East, Seattle WA 98112 (206) 325-4510 gvc@arboretumfoundation.org 61:4 19 wt*mm MMwmmiAm •'