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Britton, Elizabeth Gertrude (Knight)

Vest Indian Mosses

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL

GARDEN -No. 161

WEST INDIAN MOSSES-I

By ELIZABETIL GERTRUDE BRITTON

NEW YORK
1913

Reprinted, witbout change of paging, from Bulletin of the Torrky Botanical Club

40: 653-676. pi. 2b,— D 1913.

B,TS

[From the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 40 : 653-676 6 J 1914.]

West Indian mosses — I

Elizabeth Gertrude Britton
(with plate 25)

A. West Indian mosses known to Linnaeus

In Linnaeus' Species Plantarum* 8 generaf and 103 species of
mosses are recognized, of A\hich only 2 are known to be tropical
American in their distribution, ranging from southern Florida to
South America. The first of these tropical species is Bryum albi-
dumL. (p. 1 118) known to Dilleniusl as Bryum nanum, lariginis
foliis albis, and now known as Octoblepharum alhidum (L.) Hedw.,
with the type locality on the island of New Providence in the
Bahamas.

The other species, Rhizogoniuni spiniforme (L.) Bruch was
the first species of Hypnwn named by Linnaeus and it also was
based on a Dillenian description and plate. § He called it "the
Herring' s-Bone Hypnum" and his specimens were sent to him from
Mt. Diabolo, Jam^aica, by Sir Hans Sloane. Its range through
the tropics is even wider than that of Octoblepharum , including the
Islands of the Pacific; both species are known to occur not only
throughout the American tropics but also in Asia and Africa.

*iio6-ii30. 1753.

t I- Sphagnum 2 5. Polylrichum 3

2. Phascum 3 6. Mnium 18

3. Fontinalis 4 7. Bryum 30

4. Splachnum 3 8. Hypnum 40

103
t Historia Muscorum 364. pi. 46. f. 21. 1741.
§ Historia Muscorum 332. pi. 43. f. 68. 1741.
[The Bulletin for November (40: 599—652. portrait) was issued 24 N 1913.]

653

654 Brixton: West Indian mosses

I. OcTOBLEPHARUM ALBiDUM (L.) Hedw. Descr. 3: 15. 1791
Bryum alhidiim L. Sp. PI. 11 18. 1753.

Type locality: New Providence, Bahamas.

Distribution: Florida and the Bahamas, throughout the West
Indies: in Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti and St. Domingo, Porto Rico,
Dominica, St. Thomas, St. Kitts, Montserrat, Guadeloupe,
Martinique, St. Lucia, Grenada to Trinidad; also in South America
and tropical regions of Africa and Asia.

Illustrations: Dill. Hist. Muse. pi. 46. f. 21; Hedw. Descr.
3: pi. 6A; Card. Rech. Anat. Leuc. pi. 12. f. 61.

Exsiccatae; Sull. Musci Cub. Wright. 55. 1861; Husnot, PI.
Ant. Fr. 121. 1868; Austin, Musci App. Suppl. 478. 1874: Ren. &
Card. Musci Am. Sept. Exsicc. 213; Holz. Musci Acroc. Bor. Am.
57; Small, Mosses S. U. S. 52.

2. Rhizogonium spiniforme (L.) Bruch, Flora 29: 134. 1846

Hypnum spinaeforme L. Sp. PI. 1122. 1753.
Mnium spiniforme C, Miill. Sjm i: 175. 1849.

Type locality: Mt. Diabolo, Jamaica. Hans Shane.

Distribution: In wet woods, in tropical regions of all portions
of the world. Southern United States: Georgia, Alabama,
Louisiana, Florida; Jamaica, Cuba, Haiti, Porto Rico, Guadeloupe
to S. America; Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Panama.

Illustrations: Sloane, Hist. Jam. pi. 25. f. 4. 1707; Dill. Hist.
Muse. 332. pi. 43. f. 8. 1 741.

Exsiccatae: Sull. Musci Cub. Wright. 58. 1861; Husnot, PI.
Ant. Fr. 152. 1868; Austin, Musci App. Suppl. 516. 1874; Ren. 8c
Card. Musci Am. Sept. Exs. 64; Holz. Muse. Acroc. Bor. Am.
174; Pringle, Musci Mex. 10482.

Another of the Linnaean species, Hypnum cuspidatum L., has
been found in the high mountains of Jamaica. Pogonatum ur-
niiierum L. Sp. PI. 1109. 1753, was also credited to Jamaica, fol-
lowing Dillenius, who quotes Hans Sloane's History of Jamaica
and mistook his /. 5, pi. 25, for this European species. F. 4 of
the same plate is unmistakable for Rhizogonium spiniforme.

B. West Indian mosses known to Olof Swartz
In his Prodromus, Swartz* retained 5 of the generic names

* Olof Swartz, Nova Genera & Species Plantarum seu Prodromus, etc. 138-142.
1788.

Brixton: West Indian mosses ' 655

used by Linnaeus* and enumerated 41 species, which as at present
recognized belong to 37 different genera, three of these having
their type locaHties in Hispaniola (Haiti and Santo Domingo), all
the rest in Jamaica.

In studying the collections made by Mr. Wm. Harris in Jamaica
and ourown later collections, a special effort has been made to obtain
an accurate knowledge of these Swartz types and Dr. A. LeRoy
Andrews, of Cornell University, very kindly consented, when
he visited Stockholm in the summer of 1912, to examine these types
for me and compare them with specimens from our own collections
in Jamaica, sent as duplicates to the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum.
Dr. Andrews was able to see and compare the original specimens
with ours in all but two cases: Bryum parasiticum Sw. [= Syr-
rhopodoii parasiticus (Sw.) Besch.] and Hypntim congestum Sw.
[= Pleuropus congestus (Sw.) Broth.], which species we have not
yet been able to recognize, the former being from Hispaniola and
the type lacking in Swartz' herbarium, the latter from Jamaica
and Haiti. We suspect from the illustration given by Hedwig that
the latter is probably referable to P alamo claditimB on plandi (Hook.)
Broth., which Brotherus later refers to Pleuropus, though he states
that he has not seen specimens of Pleuropus congestus.

In 1806 Swartz discarded his Linnaean limitations! and adopted
some of the generic changes proposed by Hedwig (1792), to whom
he sent specimens of most of his West Indian mosses, from which
almost all of Hedwig's plates were drawn. This eliminated
Fontinalis and Mnium from the West Indies and added seven
generaj and three species to the list given in the Prodromus; he
further amplified his list by giving more in detail the stations and
habitats. These are translated and quoted in the following list
of species in the sequence enumerated by Swartz, with their modern
names, synonyms, and distribution as at present known t<f us
from the West Indies:

* Fontinalis, Polytrichum, Mnium, Bryum, and Hypnum.
tFl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1759-1841. 1806.

J Encalypla, Trichostomutn, Tortilla, Dicranum, Pterogonium, Neckera, and
Leskea.

656 Brixton: WEst Indian mosses

I. Neckera jamaicense (Gmel.) E. G. Britton, comb. nov.

Fontinalis crispa Sw. Prod. 138. 1788. Not Hypniim crispumL.

Sp. PI. 1 124. 1753.
Hypnum jamaicense Gmel. Syst. Nat. 2: 1341. 1791.
Neckera undulata Hedw. Descr. 3: 51. 1792.
Neckera undulata Hedw.; Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1780. 1806.
Neckeropsis undulata Kindb. Eu. & N. A. Bryin. i: 20. 1897.

Habitat and type locality: "On trunks of trees In dense low
woods, Jamaica."

Distribution: Not uncommon on trees from Florida and the
Greater and Lesser Antilles to Trinidad ; Mexico, Guatemala, and
Panama; also In South America.

Illustrations: Dill. Hist. Muse. 294. pi. 32. f. 8; Hedw.
Descr. pi. 21 (from Swartz' type).

Exsiccatae: Austin, Musci App. Suppl. S^9'> Sull. MuscI Cub.
Wright. 75; Husnot, PI. Ant. Fr. 155; Grout, N. A. Musci Pleur.
230.

2. Neckera disticha (Sw.) Hedw. Descr. 3: 53. 1792

Fontinalis disticha Sw. Prod. 138. 1788.
Neckera disticha Hedw. Descr. 3: 53. 1792.
Neckera disticha Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1784. 1806.
Neckeropsis disticha Kindb. Eu. & N. A. Bryin. i: 20. 1897.

Habitat and type locality: On trunks of trees, Jamaica
and Hispaniola.

Distribution: Less common, on trees. Florida and the Greater
and Lesser Antilles to South America; In Central America from
Mexico to Panama; also in Africa.

Illustration: Hedw. Descr. pi. 22 (from Swa|-tz' type).

Exsiccatae: Austin, Musci App. Suppl. sjo.

3. Pterobryum filicinum (Sw.) Mitt. Jour. Linn. Soc. 12: 425.

1869

Fontinalis filicina Sw . Prod. 138. 1788.
Neckera filicin a Hedw. Descr. 3: 45. 1792.
Pilotrichum filicinum P. Beauv. Prod. 83. 1805.
Neckera filicina Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1788. 1806.
Pireella filicina Cardot, Rev. Bryol. 40: 18. 1913.

Britton: West Indian mosses 657

Habitat and type locality: "Near Coldspring, high moun-
tains of southern Jamaica, on trunks of trees."

Distribution: Jamaica and Cuba.

Illustration: Hedw. Descr. pi. i8 (from Swartz' type).

Exsiccatae: Sull. Musci Cub. Wright. 76.

This species has immersed capsules and seems to belong where
Mitten has placed it.

4. Pilotrichum hypnoides (Sw.) p. Beauv. Prod. 83. 1805
Fontinalis hypnoides Sw. Prod. 138. 1788.
Neckera hypnoidea Hedw. Descr. 3: 43. 1792.
Neckera hypnoides Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1790. 1806.

Habitat and type locality: " Jamaica, on trunks of trees in
high mountains."

Distribution: Jamaica to Trinidad.

Illustration: Hedw. Descr. pi. 17 (from Swartz' type).

5. Cryphaea filiformis (Sw.) Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2: 251. 1827

Fontinalis filij or mis Sw. Prod. 138. 1788.
Neckera filiformis Hedw. Descr. 3: 41. 1792.
Neckera filiformis Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1786. 1806.

Habitat and type locality: "Hispaniola, in arid regions on
branches of Haematoxylon campechianum."

Distribution: Jamaica, Cuba, and Santo Domingo; also in
South America, Central America and Mexico (Guatemala and
Yucatan).

Illustration: Hedw. Descr. pi. 16 (from Swartz' type).

Exsiccatae: Sull. Musci Cub. Wright. 67.

6. PoGONATUM tortile (Sw.) Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2: 108. 1827

Polytrichum convolutum Sw. Prod. 139. 1788. Not L. 1753.
Polytrichum convolutum Hedw. Sp. Muse. 94. 1801.
Pogonatum convolutum Beauv. Prod. 85. 1805.
Polytrichum tortile Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1839. 1806.
Polytrichum domingense Brid. Mant. 201. 1819.
Polytrichum cubense Sull. Proc. Am. Acad. 5: 281. 1861.
Polytrichum glaucinum Besch. Ann. Sci. Nat. VI. 3: 210. 1876.
Polytrichum Husnotianum Besch. 1. c.
Polytrichum crispulum Besch. 1. c. 211.

658 Brixton: West Indian mosses

Polytrichum laxifolium Besch. 1. c. 211.

Polytrichum Pleeanum Besch. 1. c. 212.

Polytrichum Sintenisii C. Miill. Hedwigia 37: 222. 1898.

Polytrichum (CatharineUa) ohscuro-viridis C. Miill. Hedwigia 37:

223. 1898.

Habitat and type locality: "On clay banks, high moun-
tains of southern Jamaica."

Distribution: Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, Porto Rico, Guadeloupe,
Martinique, Dominica, Grenada, and Barbados.

Illustration: Hedw. Sp. Muse. pi. 20.

Exsiccatae: Sull. Musci Cub. Wright. 57; Husnot, PI. Ant.
Fr. 153.

This species varies greatly according to habitat, whether dry
or wet, sunny or shady. It usually grows on roadside banks of
the hard red clay, on the dry or southern sides of the West Indian
islands and under such conditions, does not attain the lax, long
leaves that are produced in shady moist valleys. Micro-
scopic sections of the leaves show the lamellae to be somewhat
variable but all of one generally uniform character, and though
the serrations of the margins are more or less variable, the teeth
being at times appressed and at others spreading, we find no
constant differences between them. The presence of teeth on
the back of the costa is just as true of P. tortile Sw. as of P. glauci-
num Besch.

7. Breutelia tomentosa (Sw.) Sch. "In Hb." Paris, Index

Bryol. i: ed. 2. 173. 1904

Mnium tomentosum Sw. Prod. 139. 1788.
Bryum tomentosum Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1837. 1806.
Bartramia macrocarpa Hampe, Linnaea 32: 141. 1863.
Bartramia macrotheca Hampe, Ann. Sci. Nat. V. 3: 373. 1866.
Breutelia macrotheca Jaeg. xA.dumb. i: 556. 1873-74.

Habitat and type locality: " On the edge of woods high
mountains of Jamaica."

Distribution: Jamaica and Guadeloupe to South America;
also Mexico and Costa Rica.

Illustrations: Hooker, Musci Exot. pi. 19. 1818. From
original specimen of Swartz. E. «& P. Nat. Pfi. i^: 656. /. 498.
1904.

Brixton: West Indian mosses 659

8. Philonotis sphaericarpa (Sw.) Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2: 25.

1827

Mnium sphaericarpon Sw. Prod. 139. 1788.
Mnium sphaericarpiim Hedw. Descr. 3: 93. 1792.
Bryum sphaericarpon Sw. FI. Ind. Occ. 3: 1835. 1806.
Bartramia sphaericarpa Mitt. Jour. Linn. Soc. 12: 261. 1869.

Habitat and type locality: " In shady mossy places, summits
of mountains of southern Jamaica."

Distribution: Florida, Jamaica, Porto Rico, St. Thomas, St.
Kitts, St. Vincent, Martinique, and Guadeloupe; Honduras to
South America.

Illustration: Hedw. Descr. 3: pi. 38 A.

9. DiTRiCHUM RUFESCENS (Hampe) Broth, in E. & P. Nat. Pfl.

i^: 300. 1901

Mnium strictum Sw. Prodr. 139. 1788. Not Ditrichum strictum
Hampe. 1867.

Trichostomum strictum Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1761. 1806.

Trichostomum pallidum strictum Schwaegr. Suppl. 2^: 77. 1823.

Leptotrichum rufescens Hampe, Linnaea 31: 521. 1862.

Cynontodium strictum Mitt. Jour. Linn. Soc. 12: 42. 1869.

Cynontodium rufescens Mitt. Jour. Linn. Soc. 12: 44. 1869.

Leptotrichum mexicanum Sch.; Besch. Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cher-
bourg 16: 174. 1872.

Leptotrichum capillifolium Sch.; Jaeg. Adumb. i: 388. 1871-72.

Leptotrichum pseudo-rufescens C. Miill. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 554.

1897-

Habitat and type locality: "Jamaica, on shady slopes in
sandy wet soil among other mosses, cold places."

Distribution: Jamaica, 1,500-2,100 meters. Also, Mexico to
Colombia.

Illustration: Schwaegr. Suppl. pi. 123.

10. ToRTULA AGRARiA (Sw.) Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1763. 1806

Bryum agrarium Sw. Prod. 139. 1788.
Bryum acuminatum Sw. Prod. 139. 1788.
Barhula agraria Hedw. Descr. 3: 17. 1792.
Barbula Raui Aust. Bull. Torrey Club 6: 43. 1875.

660 Brixton: West Indian mosses

Habitat and type locality: "Jamaica arid Hispaniola, in
sugar fields and on calcareous rocks."

Distribution: Florida and Texas. Common In the Bahamas
on limestone rocks, whence it was known to Dillenius. Jamaica,
Cuba, Porto Rico, Guadeloupe, Antigua, Montserrat to Trinidad
and South America; also in Mexico.

Illustration: Hedw. Descr. pi. 6B, from original specimens
collected by Swartz in Jamaica and Santo Domingo.

II. Bryum acuminatum Sw. Prod. 139. 1788.

(See 10)

12. Syrrhopodon lycopodioides (Sw.) C. Miill. Syn. i: 538.

1849

Bryum lycopodioides Sw. Prod. 139. 1788.

Dicranum? lycopodioides Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1766. 1806.

Habitat and type locality: "Jamaica; in moist shady
woods, on high mountains."

Distribution: Jamaica, Santo Domingo, Haiti, Porto Rico,
Guadeloupe, and Martinique to Trinidad.

Exsiccatae: Husnot, PI. Ant. Fr. 151.

13. Syrrhopodon parasiticus Besch. Ann. Sci. Nat. VIII. i : 298.

1895
Bryum parasiticum Sw. Prod. 139. 1788.
Encalypta parasitica Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1759. 1806.
Calymperes parasitica Hook. & Grev. Edinb. Jour. Sci. i: 131.

1824.

The type cannot be found at Stockholm in Swartz' herbarium.
A fragment of the type specimen exists at Kew, and Mitten had
only two leaves of it. He states that it is very close to Calymperes
Richardi but the illustration given by Schwaegrichen of the calyp-
tra and the description given by Swartz, " Calyptra longa suhulata,
non laxa, pallida, ore aequali, latere demum fissili" disprove this,
and it is evident, either that Schwaegrichen was mistaken in figuring
a calyptra which resembles that of a Macromitrium or it is a species
of that genus, which is very common in Jamaica- Mitten referred
a specimen collected by R. Spruce in South America (no. 2) to
this species but that proves to be a true Calymperes.

Britton: West Indian mosses 661

The duplicate type from which Schwaegrichen's plate was
drawn has been loaned to us from Geneva and corresponds with
all of this plate except the calyptra, which is lacking; but the
hyaline basal cells are not clearly indicated. It is evidently a
species of Syrrhopodon with entire leaf margins bordered by elon-
gated cells and does not agree with any known to us thus far from
the West Indies.

Habitat and type locality: Hispaniola. "On branches of
Haematoxylon and Mimosa Unmis-cati."

Distribution: Known only from the original collection.

Illustration: Schw^aegr. Suppl. i: 60. pi. ly. 181 1.

14. HoLOMITRIU^r calycinum (Sw.) Mitt. Jour. Linn. Soc. 12: 60.

1869
Bryum calcycinum Sw. Prod. 139. 1788.
Weisia calycina Hedw. Sp. Muse. 70. 1801.
Cecalyphum? caliciniim Beauv. Prod. Aetheog. 50. 1805.
Dicranum calycinum Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1768. 1806.

Habitat and type locality: "On roots of trees in high moun-
tains. Jamaica."

Distribution: Known only from Jamaica.

Illustration: Hedw. Sp. Muse. pi. 14. f. 1-5.

15. FissiDENS PALMATUS (Sw.) Hedw. Descr. 3: 69. 1792
Hypnum palmatum Sw. Prod. 140. 1788.
Dicranum palmatum Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1774. 1806.
Skitophyllum palmatum De la Pyl. Jour, de Bot. II. 4: 146. 1814.

Habitat and type locality: " In shady clayey places at roots
of palms. Jamaica. Collected also on high trunk of Areca
oleracea, in a cavity filled with rotten leaves."

Distribution: Jamaica, Cuba, and St. Thomas.

Illustrations: Hedw. Descr. pi. joA. 1792 (from Swartz'
type) ; De la Pyl. Jour, de Bot. pi. JS- f- 6. 1814.

Exsiccatae: Sull. Musci Cub. Wright. //.

16. Fissidens polypodioides (Sw.) Hedw. Descr. 3: 63. 1792
Hypnum polypodioides Sw. Prod. 140. 1788.
Dicranum polypodioides Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1772. 1806.
Skitophyllum polypodioides De la Pyl. Jour, de Bot. II. 3 : 153. 1814.

662 Brixton: West Indian mosses

Habitat and type locality: "On the ground in shady mossy
slopes in high mountains, Jamaica."

Distribution: Georgia, Alabama, Florida, and Louisiana;
Jamaica, Cuba, Haiti, Porto Rico; Dominica, Guadeloupe, and
Martinique, to South America; also, Mexico, Guatemala, and
Panama.

Illustrations: Sull. Icon. Muse. pi. 27; De la Pyl. 1. c. pi. 38.

f. 10.

Exsiccatae: Drummond, Musci Am. ed. 2. 38; Sull. & Lesq.
Musci Bor. Am. ed. 2. 87: Sull. Musci Cub. Wright. 10; Small,
Mosses So. U. S. 9; Husnot, PI. Ant. Fr. 133.

17. FissiDENS ASPLENioiDES (Sw.) Hedw. Descr, 3: 65. 1792

Hypnum asplenioides Sw. Prod. 140. 1788.

Dicranum asplenioides Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1770. 1806.

Skitophyllum asplenioides De la Pyl. Jour, de Bot. II. 4: 156.

1814.
Fissidens Barhae-montis C. Miill.; Ren. & Card. Bull. Soc. Roy.

Bot. Belg. 31^: 152. 1892.
Fissidens costaricensis Besch. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 390. 1894.

Habitat and type locality: "On mossy rocks in high moun-
tains of Jamaica."

Distribution: Jamaica and St. Kitts; also Mexico and Costa
Rica.

Illustrations: Hedw. Descr. pi. 28 (from type); De la Pyl,
Jour, de Bot. 11.4:^/. 38. f. 8, 9.

Exsiccatae: Pringle, Musci Mex. 10,503.

18. Phyllogonium fulgens (Sw.) Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2: 671.

1827

Hypniim fulgens Sw. Prod. 140. 1788.
Pterigynandnim julgens Hedw. Descr. 4: loi. 1797.
Pterogoniiim fulgens Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1776. 1806.
1 Phyllogonium viride Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2: 673. 1827.
Phyllogonium aureum Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 424, 1869.
Phyllogonium glohitheca C. Miill. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 563. 1897.
Habitat and type locality: "Dependent from branches of
trees in high mountains of Jamaica."

Britton: West Indian mosses 663

Distribution: Jamaica, Cuba, Haiti, Porto Rico, St. Kitts,
Antigua, Montserrat, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent, and
Grenada to Trinidad. Also in South America.

Illustration: Hedw. Descr. pi. jo (from type).

Exsiccatae: Sull. Musci Cub. Wright, iji; Husnot, PI. Ant.
Fr. IS4-

There is some doubt as to what the type specimen of Phyl-
logonium viride of Bridel is. The type locality is Brazil and it is
just possible that the name may antedate either P. immersiim
Mitt, or P. Serra C. Miill. Both these species were distributed by
E. Ule in his Bryotheca Brasiliensis no. 8i from Serra Geral, Prov-
ince of Santa Catharina, Brazil. All the West Indian specimens,
so-called, are referable to P. Julgens.

19. Lepidopilum diaphanum (Sw.) Mitt. Jour. Linn. Soc. 12:

382. 1869

Hypnum diaphanum Sw. Prod. 140. 1788.
Hypmim diaphanum Hedw. Sp. Muse. 243. 1801.
Hypnum} diaphanum Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1828. 1806.
Pterygophyllum diaphanum Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2: 345. 1827.
Hookeria diaphana W.-Arn. Disp. Muse. 56. 1825.

Habitat and type locality: "In depressions, mountains of
Jamaica. Mixed with Marchantia and Jungermamiia."

Distribution: Jamaica, Martinique.

Illustrations: Hedw. Sp. Muse. pi. 61. f. 1-6 (from type).

20. Cyclodictyon albicans (Sw.) Broth, in E. & P. Pfl. i^:

935- 1907
Hypnum albicans Sw. Prod. 140. 1788.
Hypnum alhens Gmel. Syst. Nat. 2: 1343. 1791.
Leskea albicans Hedw. Sp. Muse. 218. 1801.
Leskea albicans Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1811. 1806.
Hypmim pallidum Brid. Muse. Rec. 2-: 127. 1806.
Pterygophyllum albicans Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2: 349. 1827.

Habitat and type locality: "On old and rotten trunks of
trees, temperate regions of Jamaica."

Distribution: Jamaica,. Guadeloupe, St. Vincent, and Mexico.

Illustrations: Hedw. Sp. Muse. 218. pi. 54. f. 13-16 (from
type).

Exsiccatae: Pringle, Musci Mex. 10,664.

664 Britton: West Indian mosses

21. HoMALiA GLABELLA (Sw.) Mitt. Jour. Linn. Soc. 12: 458.

1869
Hypniim glahellum Sw. Prod. 140. 1788.
Leskea glabella Hedw. Sp. Muse. 235. 1801.
Neckera glabella Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1782. 1806.

Habitat and type locality: " On trunks of trees In mountains
of Jamaica."

Distribution: Jamaica, Porto Rico, Guadeloupe, Mexico,
Costa Rica, to Venezuela,

Illustration: Hedw. Sp. Muse. pi. 5p (from type specimens).

22. Meteoriopsis patula (Sw.) Broth, in E. & P. Pfl. i^: 825.

1906

Hypnum patulum Sw. Prod. 140. 1788.

Hypfiiim patulum Hedw. Sp. Muse. 279. 1801.

Hypnum} patulum Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1832. 1806.

Leskea remotifolia C. Miill. Linnaea 19: 216. 1847.

Meteorium stellatum Lorentz, Moosst. 165. 1864.

Meteorium flaccidum Mitt. Jour. Linn. Soc. 12: 443. 1869.

Meteorium temie Sch. Besch. Mem. Soc. Se. Nat. Cherbourg 16:

227. 1872.
Meteorium diversifolium Besch. 1. c.
Meteorium torticuspis C. Miill. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 204. 1897.

Habitat and type locality: "On roots and branches of trees
near the summits, mountains of Jamaica."

Distribution: Florida, in hammocks near Cutler, /. K. Small;
Jamaica, Haiti, Porto Rico, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Dominica,
Montserrat, St. Vincent, Grenada, and Trinidad to South America;
also Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, and Panama.

Illustration: Hedw. Sp. Muse. pi. yj. '

Exsiccatae: Sull. Musci Cub. Wright. 80; Husnot, PI. Ant.
Fr. 168: Pringle, Musci Mex. 15,136.

This is a common and variable species in the tropics and
accordingly has received a variety of names. There seems to be
no reason for maintaining two sections and such a host of names
in this genus, for according to Mitten and R. vS. Williams the
following also are synonyms of this species: ilf. aureo-nitens Hampe
(not Hook.), M. barbipendulum C. Mull.; M. cirrifoUum Schw.,

Britton: West Indian mosses 665

M. chiriquense htz., M. Eurhynchium C. Miill., M. Filicis C. Miill.,
and M. subamhiguum (Hampe) Paris.

23. MiTTENOTHAMNiUM REPTANS (Sw.) Card. Rev. Bryol. 40: 21.

1913
Hypnum reptans Sw. Prod. 140. 1788.
Hypnum reptans Hedw. Sp. Muse. 265. 1801.
Hypnwn reptans Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1819. 1806.
Microthamnium reptans Mitt. Jour. Linn. Soc. 12: 506. 1869.
Hypnum pseudo-reptans C. Miill. Bot. Zeit. 14: 439. 1856.
Microthamnium Turckheimii C. Miill. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 215.

1897.
MicrotJiamnium minusculum C. Miill. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 565.

1897.
Stereohypnum reptans Fleisch. Hedwigia 47: 275. 1908.

Habitat and type locality: "On earth and trunks of trees,
interior of Jamaica."

Distribution: Cuba, Jamaica, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, and South
America.

Illustration: HedAV. Sp. Muse. pi. 68.

24. PoROTRiCHUM FASCICULATUM (Sw.) Mitt. Jour. Linn. Soc. 12:

468. 1869

Hypnum fasciculatum Sw. Prod. 140. 1788.
Hypnum fasciculatum Hedw. Sp. Muse. 245. 1801.
Hypnum? fasciculatum Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1827. 1806.
Thamnium fasciculatum C. Miill. Hedwigia 37: 260. 1898.

Habitat and type locality: "On roots of trees; high moun-
tains of Jamaica."

Distribution: Jamaica, Porto Rico, and Trinidad to South
America.

Illustrations: Hedw. Sp. Muse. pi. 62. f. 8-10 (fromSwartz'
specimens).

25. Hypopterygium Tamarisci (Sw.) Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2: 715.

1827

Hypfium Tamarisci Sw. Prod. 141. 1788.
Leskea Tamariscina Hedw. Sp. Muse. 212. 1801.

GHQ Britton: West Indian mosses

Hypnum Tamarisci Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1825. 1806.

Hypopterygium hrasiliense Sull. U. S. Expl. Exp. 26. 1859.

? Hypo pterygium pseudo-tamarisci C. Miill. Linnaea 38: 645. 1874.

Habitat and type locality: "On trunks of trees, creeping
among mosses in the cold regions of Jamaica."

Distribution: Jamaica,. Cuba, Haiti, and Porto Rico; also
in Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, and South America.

Illustrations: Hedw. Sp. Muse. pi. 62. f. 8-10; Sull. U. S.
Expl. Exped. /?/. 26.

Exsiccatae: Sull. Musci Cub. Wright. 130; Pringle, Musci
Mex. 10,407.

26. Pilotrichella flexilis (Sw.) Jaeg. Adumb. 2: 162.

1875-76

Hypnum flexile Sw. Prod. 141. 1788.

Leskea flexilis Hedw. Sp. Muse. 234. 1801.

Hypnum? flexile Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1830. 1806.

Meteorium flexile Mitt. Jour. Linn. Soc. 12: 438. 1869.

Neckera cochlearifolia C. Miill. Syn. 2- 130. 18,51.

Iseckera tiirgescens C. Miill. Syn. 2: 131. 1851.

Pilotrichella eroso-mucronata C. Miill. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 563,

1897.
Pilotrichella recurvo-mucronata C. Miill. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 563.

1897.

Habitat and type locality: "Summits of mountains in

Southern Jamaica."

Distribution: Jamaica, Cuba, Haiti, Porto Rico, Guadeloupe;
Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; Colombia,
Ecuador, Bolivia, and Brazil.

Illustration: Hedw. Sp. Mu>c. pi. 55.

Exsiccatae: Pringle, Musci Mex. 10.420, 10,468, Grout, N. A.
Musci Pleur. 38g.

27. Papili.arta ntgrescens (Sw.) Jaeg. Adumb. i : 169. 1875-76

Hypnum nigrescens Sw. Prod. 141. 1788.
Hypnum nigrescens Hedw. Sp. Muse. 250, 1801.
Pterogonium nigrescens Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1778. 1806.
Neckera nigrescens Schwaegr. Suppl. 3^ 1828.

Brixton: West Indian mosses 667

Meteorium nigrescens Mitt. Jour. Linn. Soc. 12: 441. 1869.
Papillaria nhrescens Donnellii Aust. Musci App. Suppl. 14. 1898.

Habitat and type locality: "On branches of trees, high
mountains of Jamaica. Collected on Anacardium occidentale."

Distribution: Louisiana, Florida, and the Bahamas; Jamaica,
Cuba, Haiti, Porto Rico, Barbados, and Trinidad to South America;
also in Lower California, Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, and
Panama. Also in South America,

Illustrations : Hedw. Sp. Muse. pi. 65. 1801 ; Schwaegr. Suppl.
pi. 244. 1828; Bryologist 7: 14. 1904.

Exsiccatae: Austin, Musci App. Suppl. 533, Sull. Musci Cub.
Wright. 83.

The var. Donnellii is simply a xerophytic condition in
which the leaves fall ofif and the terminal branches become
brittle, thus propagating the species; in fact, the fruit is seldom
found. Austin and J. D. Smith collected it at Caloosa, Florida, in
1876-78 and Mr. Severin Rapp has reported it from Sanford. In
all our Jamaica collections I have found it but once, on a calabash
tree.

28. Prionodon densus fSw.) C. Miill. Bot. Zeit. 2: 130. 1844

Hypnum densum Sw. Prod. 141. 1788.
Hypniim densum- Hedw. Sp. Muse. 282. 1801.
Hypnum? densum Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1829. 1806.
Neckera crassa Hornsch. Fl. Brazil, i: 56. 1840.
Piloirichum densum C. Miill. Syn. 2: 160. 1850.

Habitat and type locality: "In Blue Mountains, southern
Jamaica, on roots of trees."

Distribution: Jamaica, Cuba, Haiti, Mexico, Costa Rica, and
Panama, 1,500-2,000 ft.; also in South America.

Illustration: Hedw Sp. Muse. pi. 74 (from Swartz' type);
Bot. Zeit. 2: pi. I. '

Fxsiccatae: Pringle, Musci Mex. 10,483.

29. PiLOTRiCHUM COMPOSITUM (Sw.) P. Bcauv. Prod. 82. 1805

Hypnum compositum Sw. Prod. 141. 1788.
Neckera composita Hedw. Sp. Muse. 203. 1801.
Neckera composita Sw. Fl, Ind. Occ. 3: 1792. 1806.

668 Britton: West Indian mosses

Habitat and type locality: "On trunks of trees in woods,
interior of Jamaica."

Distribution: Jamaica and Grenada ("Costa Rica"?).

Illustrations: Hedw. Sp. Muse. pi. 46. f. 8-1,3 (from Swartz'
type).

30. Lepidopilum polytrichoides (Sw.) Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2;

269. 1827

Hypnum polytrichoides Sw. Prod. 141. 1788.
Hypnum polytrichoides Hedw. Sp. Muse. 244. 1801 .
Orthotrichum polytrichoides Brid. Muse. Recent. 2^: 31. 1801.
Neckera polytrichoides Sw. FI. Ind. Occ. 3: 1794. 1806.
Lepidopilum. polytrichoides var. costaricense Ren. &. Card. Bull.

Soc. Roy. Bot. Bels;. 32^: 192. 1893.
Hookeria Carionis C. Mull. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 205. 1897.

Habitat and type locality: "On branches of trees and
shrubs, also on rocks, mountains of Jamaica and Hispaniola."

Distribution: Jamaica, Cuba, Haiti, Porto Rico, Guadeloupe,
Martinique, Montserrat, and St. Vincent to South America: also,
Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Panama.

Illustrations: Hedw. Sp. Muse. pi. 61 (from Swartz' \ype)\
Schwaegr. Suppl. 3: pi. 231.

Exsiccatae: Husnot, PI. Ant. Fr. 156.

31. Helicodontium capillare (Sw.) Jaeg. Adumb. 2: 225.

1876-77

Hypnum capillare Sw. Prod. 141. 1788.
Leskea capillaris Hedw. Descr. 4: 25. 1793-
Leskea capillaris Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1813. 1806.

Habitat and type locality: "On trunks of trees, interior of
Jamaica."

Distribution: Jamaica, Cuba, Haiti, Porto Rico; also in
Mexico and South America.

Illustration: Hedw. Descr. 4: pi. 10.

Exsiccatae: Sull. Musci Cub. Wright. 70; Pringle, MuscI
Mex. 759.

Britton: West Indian mosses 669

32. Rhacopilum tomentosum (Sw.) Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2: 719.

1827
Hypnum tomentosum Sw. Prod. 141. 1788.
Hypfium tomentosum Hedw. Descr. 4: 48. 1793.
Hypnum tomentosum Sw. FI. Ind. Occ. 3: 1823. 1806.
Rhacopilum tomentosum var. cradle Besch. Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat,

Cherbourg. 16: 257. 1872.

Habitat and type locality: " On roots of trees near rivers,
temperate regions of Hispaniola."

Distribution: Louisiana, Bermuda, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti,
Santo Domingo, Guadeloupe, to Trinidad and South America;
Mexico, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Panama; also in
Asia and Africa.

Illustrations: Hedw. Descr. pi. 10; Bryologist 10: pi. 5.

Exsiccatae: SuU. Musci Cub. Wright. 74; Pringle, Musci
Mex. 10,501.

33. Callicostella depressa (Sw.) Jaeg. Adumb. 2: 352.

1875-76

Hypnum depressum Sw. Prod. 141. 1788.
Leskea depressa Hedw. Sp. Muse. 215. 1801.
Leskea depressa Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1804. 1806.

Habitat and type locality: "On bark of trees, mountains of
Jamaica."

Distribution: Jamaica, Cuba, Porto Rico, Haiti, and Guade-
loupe.

Illustrations: Hedw. Sp. Muse. pi. 53. f. 1-7 (from Swartz'
type).

34. Clastobryum trichophyllum (Sw.) E. G. Britton, comb. nov.

Plate 25
Hypnum trichophyllum Sw. Prod. 141. 1788.
Hypnum trichophyllum Hedw. Sp. Muse. 274. 1801.
Neckera trichophylla Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1798. 1806.
Lepyrodon trichophyllus Mitt. Jour. Linn. Soc. 12: 422. 1869.
Leucodon trichophyllus Jaeg. Adumb. 2: 122. 1877.
Lepyrodon trichophyllus rohustior Besch. Ann. Sci. Nat. VI. 3:
224. 1876.

670 Britton: West Indian mosses

Palamocladium trichophyllum C. Miill. Flora 82: 465. 1896.
Palamocladium trichophyllum subtile C. Miill. Hedwigia 37: 240.

1898.
Orthothecium trichophyllum Fleisch. Fl. Buit. 3: 667. 1906.

Plants light yellowish green, glossy; stems rooting and creeping,
with simple erect branches, often 2 cm. high and prolonged into
slender flagellate branchlets bearing brown septate gemmae in
clusters in the axils of the upper leaves; branch-leaves crowded,
spreading, glossy, strongly plicate when dry, lanceolate-acuminate,
3-5 mm. long, ecostate, margins plane, serrate; cells linear, walls
porose, slightly thickened, alar cells shorter and broader, curved,
forming a small, serrate auricle. Autoicous, perichaetial leaves
shorter, paler, more suddenly subulate, more sharply serrate.
Seta erect, straight or flexuose, red, 15-25 mm. long; calyptra
cucullate; capsule erect, ovoid-cylindric, sometimes contracted
below the mouth when dry, 2-3 mm. long, lid rostrate; annulus
none; walls with irregular square or hexagonal cells 27-54 M long
X 27/i wide; neck short, stomatose; peristome double; teeth
incurved, brown, narrow, not perforate, papillose, with slightly
trabeculate lamellae ; endostome paler, also papillose with a short
basal membrane and rudimentary or imperfect cilia, segments
shorter than the teeth, not split along the keel; spores green,
minutely papillose, unequal in size, 5/i-i6ju, maturing in winter.

Forming bright glossy mats in shade on trunks and roots of
tree-ferns and palms on high mountains, rarely on rocks. Fruit
rare!

Habitat and type locality: "On bark and trunks of old
trees, Jamaica."

Distribution- Jamaica, Cuba, Porto Rico, Haiti, Santo
Domingo, St. Kitts, Dominica, Martinique. Guadeloupe, St.
Vincent, Montserrat, and Trinidad to Venezuela.

Illustrations: Hedw. Sp. Muse. pi. 71; E. & P. Nat. Pfl.
I': 773-f-5SoJ-L.

Exsiccatae: Husnot, PI. Ant. Fr. 183., as Meteorium sericeum
Sch.

On account of the rarity of its fruit this species has been placed
in a variety of genera none of which seem to me to be correct.
Its double peristome and different habit remove it from Lepyrodon
and its tropical distribution from Orthothecium, the species of
which are alpine or arctic and subarctic. Its relationship however
seems to me to be more with the Entodontaceae, where Fleischer

Brixton: West Indian mosses 671

has placed it; the presence of septate gemmae, and the ecostate
leaves and more or less imperfect endostome, show its relationship
to Clastohryum indicum Dozy & Molk. as figured by Brotherus
(E. «& P. Nat. Pfi. i^: 874. /. 640. 1907) but the leaf cells are
porose and the walls are thickened as shown on the same page in
/. 639 of C. planidum Mitt.

Clastohryum americanum Cardot, originally described from
Mexico, also occurs on the slopes and summit of Sir John Peak
above Cinchona, in the Blue Mountains of Jamaica, and Mr. R.
S. Williams has collected it in Bolivia at 8,000 ft. near Cargadera
in 1902.

35. Thuidium microphyllum (Sw.) Jaeg. Adumb. 2: 251.

1876-77

Hypnum microphyllum Sw. Prod. 142. 1788.
Hypnum microphyllum Hedw. Sp. Muse. 269. 1801.
Hypnum microphyllum Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1821. 1806.
Hypnum calyptraium Sull. Pac. R. R. Rep. 4: 190. 1856.

Habitat and type locality: "On roots of trees, Jamaica."

Distribution: Canada to Florida and the Bahamas, Jamaica,
Cuba, and Mexico.

Illustrations: Hedw. Sp. Muse. pi. 6g (from Swartz' type);
Sull. 1. c. pi. 100.

Exsiccatae: Sull. Musci Cub. Wright, gg.

36. Sematophyllum caespitosum (Sw.) Mitt. Jour. Linn. Soc.

12: 479. 1869

Hypnum caespitosum Sw. Prod. 142. 1788.
Leskea caespitosa Hedw. Sp. Muse. 233. 1801.
Leskea caespitosa Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1807. 1806.
Rhaphidostegium caespitosum Jaeg. Adumb. 2: 454. 1875-76.
Hypnum loxense* Sull. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts & Sci. 5: 287. 1861.

Not Hooker, 1822.

Habitat and type locality: "On roots of trees, mountains of
Hispaniola."

Distribution: Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, Porto Rico, Guadeloupe,

* The real Sematophyllum loxense (Hook.) Jaeg. has been found in Cuba.

672 Brixton: West Indian mosses

and Martinique, to Trinidad and South America; also Mexico and
Costa Rica.

Illustration: Hedw. Sp. Muse. pi. 4q.

37. Sematophyllum pungens (Sw.) Mitt. Jour. Linn. Soc. 12*

477. 1869

Hypnum pungens Sw. Prod. 142. 1788.
Hypnum pungens Hedw, Sp. Muse. 237. 1801.
Leskea pungens Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1806. 1806.
Pufigentella ptmgens C. Miill. Hedwigia 37: 260. 1898.

Habitat and type locality: " Roots of trees in moist woods,
mountains of Jamaica."

Distribution: Jamaica, Cuba, Porto Rico, Virgin Islands,
Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Dominica to South America; also
Mexico and Guatemala to Panama.

Illustration: Hedw. Sp. Muse. pi. 60 (from Swartz' type).

Exsiccatae: Sull. Musci Cub. Wright. 104; Husnot, PI. Ant.
Fr. 186.

38. Pleuropus congestus (Sw.) Broth. E. & P. Nat. Pfl. i^:

1 138. 1908
Hypnum congestum Sw. Prod. 142. 1788.
Hypnum congestum Hedw. Sp. Muse. 283. 1801.
Leskea congesta Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1809. 1806.
Homalothecium congestum Jaeg. Adumb. 2: 311. 1877-78.

Habitat and type locality: "On old trunks of trees, interior
of Jamaica."

Distribution: Jamaica, Haiti, Montserrat, and Dutch Guiana.

Illustration: Hedw. Sp. Muse. pi. 74. f. 4-7. 1801.

Excepting for the illustration given by Hedwig, little is known
of this species in modern times. Mitten and Brotherus had not
seen specimens. At the British Museum there is a specimen
labelled ''Leskea congesta Sw. Ind. Occ. ex CI. Swartzio. J. Vahl,"
which is evidently a mixture of Palamocladium leskeoides and
Clastohryum irichophyllum . Hedwig's description calls for a plant
with entire somewhat secund, falcate leaves and a horizontal
capsule, characters which do not agree with either of the species
named above.

Brixton: West Indian mosses 673

The synonymy of Palanwcladium is as follows:
Palamocladium leskeoides (Hook.) E. G. Britton, comb. nov.
Hookeria leskeoides Hook. Muse. Exot. pi. 55. 1818.
Leskea Bonplandi Hook.; Kunth. Syn. PI. Aeq. i: 61. 1822.
Hypnum Bonplandi C. M. Syn. 2: 463. 1851.
Homalothecium Bonplandi Jaeg. Adumb. 2: 379. 1875-76.
Palamocladium Bonplandi Broth. Bot. Jahrb. 24: 281. 1897.
Tsotheciiim Bonplandi haitense Ren. & Card. MS. in herb.
Pleuropus leskeoides Hook. MS. in Herb.

39. Orthostichopsis tetragona (Sw.) Broth. E. & P. Nat. Pfi.

i^: 805. 1906

Hypnum tetrago?ium Sw. Prod. 142. 1788.

Hypnum? tetragonum Hedw. Sp. Muse. 246. 1801.

Hypnum? tetragonum Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1833. 1806.

Pterigynandrum aureum Brid. Mant. loi. 1819.

Pterigynandrum quadrifarium Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2: 194. 1827.

Isothecium tetragonum Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2: 377. 1827.

Neckera quinguefaria C. Miill. Syn. 2: 124. 1850.

Neckera tetragona C. Miill. Syn. 2: 125. 1850.

Meteorium tetragonum Mitt. Jour. Linn. Soc. 12: 431. 1869.

Pilotrichella tetragona Besch. Mem. Soe. Sei. Nat. Cherbourg 16:

223. 1872.

Habitat and type locality : " On trunks of trees, near summits
of mountains in Jamaica."

Distribution. Jamaica, Cuba, Santo Domingo, to Trinidad
and Guiana; also in Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua,
Costa Rica, and Panama.

Illustration: Hedw. Sp. Muse. pi. 63. 1801 (from Swartz'
type).

This moss is not uncommon in Jamaica and was known to
Hans Sloane* and Dillenius.t who called it "the square branched
Hypnum from Jamaica." Both of these authors figured it rather
poorly.

* Hist. Jam. i; 68. pi. 25. f. 3. 1707.
t Hist. Muse. 335. pi. 43- /• 73- I74i-

674 Britton: West Indian mosses

40. SCHLOTHEIMIA TORQUATA (Sw.) Bnd. Bryol. Univ. i: 323.

1826

Hypnum torquatum Sw. Prod. 142. 1788.

Hypniim torquatum Hedw. Sp. Muse. 246. 1801.

Neckera torta Sw. Fl. Tnd. Occ. 3: 1800. 1806.

Schlotheimia torta Schwaegr. Suppl. i^: 39. 1816.

Schlotheimia pellucida C. Miill. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 561. 1897.

Schlotheimia undato-rugosa C. Miill. Hedwigia 37: 238. 1898.

Habitat and type locality: "On old mossy trunks of trees
in woods, mountains of Jamaica."

Distribution: Jamaica and Cuba, 5,000-6,000 ft. alt.

Illustrations: Hedw. Sp. Muse. pi. 63./. </*/ (from Swartz'
type).

Exsiccatae: Sull. Musci Cub. Wright. 52.

41. Macromitrium cirrhosum (Sw.) Brid. Bryol. Univ. i: 316.

1826

Hypnum cirrhosum Sw. Prod. 142. 1788.
Anoectangium cirrhosum Hedw. Sp. Muse. 42. 1801.
Neckera cirrhosa Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1802. 1806.
Schlotheimia cirrosa Schwaegr. Suppl. 3'. 1827.

Habitat and type locality: "On trunks of trees, temperate
parts of Jamaica."

Distribution: Jamaica, Cuba, Haiti, Santo Domingo, Porto
Rico, St. Kitts, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, and Trinidad
to South America; also, Guatemala and Panama.

Illustrations: Hedw. Sp. Muse. pi. 5; Schwaegr. Suppl. pi.
201 A.

Exsiccatae: Sull. Musci Cub. Wright. 51; Husnot, PI. Ant.
Fr. J 44.

42. Thuidium involvens (Hedw.) Mitt. Jour. Linn. Soc. 12 : 575.

1869
Leskea involvens Hedw. Descr. 4: 27. 1794-
Leskea involvens Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1815. 1806.

Habitat and type locality: "With Helicodontium capillar t
on trunks of trees, interior of Jamaica."

Brixton: West Indian mosses 675

Distribution: Jamaica, Cuba, Haiti, Porto Rico, Guade-
loupe, and Barbados to South America ; also Mexico (Yucatan).
Illustration; Hedw. Descr. pi. ii (from Swartz' type).
Exsiccatae: Sull. Musci Cub. Wright. q8.

43. Turckheimia linearis (Sw.) E. G. Britton, comb. nov.

Tortilla linearis Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1765. 1806.

Barhula linearis Brid. Mant. Muse. 88. 1819.

Trichostomiim lineare Broth. E. & P. Nat. Pfl. i^: 394. 1902.

Habitat and type locality: "On dry calcareous rocks, His-
paniola."

Distribution: Jamaica, Cuba, and Haiti.

Our specimens from Jamaica and Cuba have a well-developed,
slender peristome, which disappears from the old capsules. I
believe this species to be congeneric with Turckheimia guate-
malensis Broth., which also shows traces of a peristome though
the capsules are all old. The section of the leaf in T. linearis is
remarkable for having two rows of guide-cells of about 10 cells
each in the costa, with a stereid band both above and below. The
costa is rather broader than in T. gut tern alen sis and smooth on the
dorsal side, showing as a prominent white rib to the leaf. It is papil-
lose on the upper surface and the cells of the blade bear several
minute papillae on both surfaces. This peculiarity of the costa
removes Turckheimia linearis from Trichostomum; and although
there is but a single row of guide-cells in T. guatemalensis, their
macroscopic resemblance is so close that they appear to be
congeneric.

44. IsoPTERYGiUM TENERUM (Sw.) Mitt. Jour. Linn. Soc. 12: 499.

1869

Hypnum tenerum Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1817. 1806.

Habitat and type locality: "On trunks of trees, mountains
of Jamaica."

Distribution: Jamaica, Cuba, Haiti, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
St. Lucia, to Trinidad and South America; also Bermuda, and
Louisiana to Florida.

Exsiccatae: Sull. Musci Cub. Wright. 107.

676 Brixton: West Indian mosses

According to Dr. Andrews' notes "the Swartz specimens, which
are deposited in the collections of the Naturhistoriska Riks-
museum at Stockholm, are distributed through the herbarium of
non-Scandinavian mosses, which are, in general, arranged after
Paris's Index. Packets are generally uniform, one to many on
the herbarium sheet. Swartz' specimens are recognizable by labels
in his handwriting included in the packet, by the kind of paper
with water-mark to which he pasted them and references of others
to the origin of specimens."

We have seen specimens of all but two of these species, and
have duplicates of many of them; it is therefore our intention to
distribute sets of these and other West Indian mosses, in exchange
for other exsiccatae and duplicates from the West Indies, Central
America, and South America.

New York Botanical Garden

Kxplanatlon of plate 25

Clastobryum Irichophyllntn (Sw.) E. G. Britton

The figures were drawn from magnifications three times as great as expressed in
the numbers, which represent the magnifications of the figures as they stand in the
reproduction.

1. Plant, natural size.

2. Portion of branch showing the flagellate branches and gemmae, X 2%.

3. Outline of stem leaf, X 16%.

4. 5. Outlines of branch leaves, X 16%.

6. Apex of leaf, X 108.

7. Basal portion of leaf, showing the auricle, X 108.

8. Median cells, X 263.

9. Apex of leaf showing the pores in the walls of the apical cells, X 263.

10. Cross section of leaf, X 140.

11. Branch with gemmae, X 85.

12. Gemma, X 138.

13. Cross section of stem, X 140.

14. Perichaetial bud, leaves of one side removed to show the paraphyses and
archegonia, X 12.

15. Capsule, X 10.

16. Calyptra, X 10.

17. Stoma from base of capsule, X 195.

18. Portion of peristome and upper part of capsule, X 195.

19. Spores, X 195.

Br I.I. . ToKKE^ CLIB

Voi.U.VIE 40, I'LATi; J5

CnU^rulM'tia/ Sa^W/.

Cl.ASTOBRYUM TRICHOPHYLLUM (Sw.) E. G. BlittOn

HELIOTyPE CO., BOSTON

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CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NEW YORK
BOTANICAL GARDEN— No. 174.

WEST INDIAN MOSSES-II

MOSSES OF THE DANISH WEST INDIES AND
VIRGIN ISLANDS

ELIZABETH GERTRUDE BRITTON

NEW YORK
1915

Reprinted without change of paging from Bulletin of the Tobrby Botanical Club

42: 1-8. pi. 1. 30 Ja. 1913

IFrotn the Bulletin op the Torrey Botanical Club 42: 1-8, //. / 30 fa 1515.1^

West Indian mosses — II. Mosses of the Danish West Indies and

Virgin Islands libi

Elizabeth Gertrude Britton
(with plate i)

In February, 1913, Miss Delia W. Marble and I spent four
weeks collecting on the island of St. Thomas, while Dr. Britton
and Dr. Shafer cruised around among the other islands of the
Archipelago in search of cacti and other plants. An account of
their trip will be found in the Journal of the New York Botanical
Garden.*

As far as we know, no record of any other collection of mosses
from these islands exists, excepting the brief account given by
Dr. I. Urbanf of the collections made by the Rev. Johann
Christian Breutel in 1841. Most of Breutel's mosses, 310 numbers,
are deposited at the British Museum, but his collections included
specimens from St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. Jan, St. Kitts, and
Antigua, as well as the collections made in South Africa in 1853-
1854. This would account for the large number of specimens
preserved in his herbarium, as our experience has shown that
the Danish and Virgin Islands are not particularly rich in species
of bryophytes.

William Mitten had a few duplicates from Breutel's collec-
tions including the following six species: Calymperes Richardi C.
Miill. (distributed as C. Afzelii Sw.), Hymenostomum Breiitelii
(C. Miill.) Broth., Tortula agraria (Sw.) Sw. , Philonotis tenella (C.

* Jour. N. Y. Bot. Garden 14: 99. 1913.
t Symbolae Antill. 3: 28. 1902.

2 Brixton: Mosses of Danish West Indies

Miill.) Jaeg., Stereophyllum leucostegiim (Brid.) Mitt, (distributed
as Hypnum Breutelii Schimp.), and Taxitheliiini planum (Brid.)
Mitt, (distributed as Hypnum Antillarum Schimp. ms.).

Baron von Eggers collected a few mosses in St. Thomas, St.
Jan, and Tortola in 1887, but as far as we know no Hst of these
has been published.

We collected about seventy packets, but found only twenty-
eight species, representing twenty-two genera, though we added
three new species, a small Phascum, a sterile Hyophila, and a
sterile Bryum, which has since been found on Mona Island also.

A brief synonymy with localities and habitat of these species
is given in the following enumeration: Nos. 1-4 and 7-9 were
determined by Mr. R. S. Williams; Nos. 16 and 17 by M. G.
Dismier. Unless otherwise noted the specimens cited were col-
lected by Miss Marble and myself.

I. DiCRANELLA LONGiROSTRis (Schwacgr.) Mitt. Jour. Linn. Soc.

Bot. 12: 30. 1869

St. Jan: without definite locality, Breutel, 1841.

2. Leucoloma serrulatum Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2: 752. 1827

Leiicoloma Riedlei Besch. Jour, de Bot. 5: 146. 1891.
St. Thomas: on trees in wet woods, Riedle.

3. OcTOBLEPHARUM ALBiDUM (L.) Hedw. Descr. 3: 15. 1791
St. Thomas: on roots of an Anthurium, stonewalls, between

Pearl and Bonne Resolution near Caret Bay, 133 y.

4. Leucobryum Polakowskyi (C. Miill.) Cardot, Mem. Soc.
Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 32: 82. 1900

Tortola: on rotten wood, Sage Mt., W. C. Fishlock 83,
May, 1913. Also in Porto Rico, E. G. Britton 2518, April, 1913.*

5. FissiDENS Kegelianus C. Miill. Linnaea 21: 181. 1848

St. Thomas and St. Jan: at base of palms and on the ground,
Breutel, 1841 (distributed as F. palmatus [Sw.] Hedw.). St.
Jan: wet bank, Bethania, Britton & Shafer 208a. St. Thomas:

* Both these are additions to ranges since the publication of Part 2, Vol. 15,
of North American Flora.

Britton: Mosses of Danish West Indies 3

moist banks near French wharf; Water Island, Cowell Point, 147;
St. Peter, j8, g8; Magin's Bay, igi; Smith's Bay, I28g, 1316,
1459-

6. FissiDENS ELEGANS Brid. Spec. Muse. 167. 1806

St. Jan; on wei- rock, Bethania, Britton & Shafer 361. St.
Thomas: Cowell Point, 100.

7. Syrrhopodon flavescens C. Miill. Syn. i: 541. 1849

St. Jan: on rotten wood, Bordeaux, 300 m. alt., Brittofi &
Shafer j4Q. Tortola: without definite locality, W. C. Fishlock
82. May, 1 91 3.

8. Calymperes Richardi C. Miill. Syn. i: 524. 1849
Calymperes Breutelii Besch. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VIII. i: 278.

1895.
Calymperes hexagonum Besch. 1. c. 286.
Calymperes Hookeri Besch. 1. c. 287.

St. Thomas: without definite locality, Breutel (type of C.
Breutelii) ; without definite locality, L. C. Richard (type of C. hexa-
gonum) ; on rocks, summit of ridge, by roadside, north of Char-
lotte Amalia, 408; on bank, Cowell Point, loi. Tortola: Road-
town to High Bush, 325 m. alt., Britton & Shafer 772.

9. Calymperes lonchophyllum Schwaegr. Suppl. i^: 133. pi. q8.

1816

Tortola: Sage Mt., W. C. Fishlock 85a, May, 1913.

10. Hymenostomum Breutelii (C. Miill.) Broth.; E. & P.

Nat. Pfl. i^: 386. 1902

Weisia Breutelii C. Miill. Syn. i: 664. 1849. Not Schimp.
Gymnostomum Breutelii Br. & Sch. ; Paris, Index Bryol. 542. 1895.
Weisia senocarpa C. Miill. Syn. 2: 633. 1851.
Gymnostomum senocarpum Jaeger, Adumb. i: 280. 1873.
Hymenostomum senocarpum Paris, Index Bryol. 597. 1895.
Weisia Pabstiana C. Miill. Bot. Zeit. 15: 382. 1857.
Weisia edentula Sull. Proc. Am. Acad. 5: 273. 1861. Not Mitt.
Hymenostomum cubense Hampe; Paris, Index Bryol. Suppl. 189.
1900.

4 Britton: Mosses of Danish West Indies

St. Jan: Emaus, Breutel (type locality); wet banks, Bethania,
Britton &' Shafer 2og; Rosenberg and Bordeaux, Britton & Shafer
288, 534, 56Q. St. Thomas: on the ground. Water Island, 755;
roadside banks, summit of ridge, Bonne Resolution, 1336;
Bordeaux, 1384; St. Peter, 1258; top of Flag Hill, Fitch & Shafer
1494. Tortola: Peter Island, Britton &' Shafer 860. Anagada:
without definite locality, Britton df Shafer 1039

II. Hyophila uliginosa E. G. Britton sp. nov.

Plants attached to rocks in stream, gregarious and matted
together by fresh water algae, soft and flaccid when moist; stems
simple, about 5 mm. high, branching at apex; leaves much dis-
colored and clogged with mud at base, green and spreading at
summit of stems, about i mm. long; base hyaline and oblong;
apex Ungulate and slightly carinate, apiculate; margins plane,
entire or rarely denticulate with a few hyaline teeth at apex;
costa stout, papillose on back and smooth above ending in the
cuspidate point, in section showing one row of ducts and two
small bands of stereid cells; basal cells hyaline, oblong or square,
up to 16 ^t long by 8 /x wide, upper cells obscure up to 5 ;u
in diameter, green and densely papillose, with several minute
papillae on each surface; dioicous; flowers and fruit unknown;
propagating by septate gemmae borne in clusters on brown fila-
ments in the axils of the leaves. [Plate i, fig. 1-6.]

Type locality: — St, Jan: Bethania, Britton & Shafer 36/.

12. Phascum sessile E. G. Britton sp. nov.

Plants annuaj ( ?) , gregarious in loose bare earth, on banks ; stems
simple, or branching at base, with several rosettes from one root,
1-2 mm. high; leaves inroUed with conspicuous yellowish-white
costa when dry, bright green in color and spreading when moist,
few, 8-12, oblong at base, obovate above, 1-1.25 mm. long by
0.4-0.5 mm. wide; costa percurrent or excurrent into a short
cuspidate point, terete and smooth on back, with a narrow dorsal
stereid band and 2-3 rows of large ducts; margins entire or
finely crenulate and papillose; upper cells hexagonal, up to 13 /i
in diameter, densely chlorophyllose with 1-3 papillae on each
surface; lower cells hyaline, oblong, 10-12 rows, up to 40 /x long,
not papillose, occasionally curved and yellow and slightly auricu-
late at basal angles; paroicous, antheridia few, with paraphyses, in
small buds below or near the archegonia, of which occasionally
several are fertilized making 2-3 fruits on one plant; calyptra
small, conic, split, slightly papillose at apex; capsule immersed,

Britton: Mosses of Danish West Indies 5

sessile on a small brown vaginule, globose, 0.5 mm. in diameter,
sharply apiculate, indehiscent; walls with irregular hexagonal
cells, 27-32 n in diameter; spores brown, slightly roughened, 27-
30 fjL in diameter, maturing in spring. [Plate i, fig. 7-13.]

Type locality: — St. Thomas: Cowell Point, E. G. Britton gg,
February 2, 191 3.

Distribution: — St. Thomas: Water Island, 250, is6.

This species belongs to the section Microbryum and is close to
P. Floerkeanum, but differs in the less acuminate and less subulate
leaves with plane margins without a yellow border, and more
chlorophyllose and papillose cells.

13. ToRTULA AGRARIA (Sw.) Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1763. 1806
St. Jan: Bethania, Breiitel; Bethania, Britton & Shafer 241,
268. St. Thomas: on limestone walls of old cemeteries, Breutel;
on damp earth, Nisky, 77; Cowell Point, 97; old walls, Crown
Estate, 450 m. alt., ij6g; on rocks at waterfall, Magen's Bay, 1313;
stone walls, Bonne Resolution School, 442.

14. Bryum micro-decurrens E. G. Britton sp. nov.

Plants gregarious, in loose soil, brown at base and also more
or less brown above, from the excurrent awns; stems dull green,
slender, erect and mostly simple, unbranched, not more than
5 mm. high, matted with brown tomentum at base; leaves
erect-appressed when dry, not twisted nor glossy ; spreading when
moist, less than i mm. long by 0.2 mm. wide; costa wide at base
40 M (at least .2 width of leaf), excurrent into a short subulate
brown awn, slightly toothed at apex and on awn; cells of blade
hexagonal, 27-40 n long X 10 fx wide, basal cells shorter, oblong,
with a long, decurrent narrow wing of one row of cells, extending
down the stem to the next leaf; margins bordered by one row of
longer narrow cells 5 ju X 54 m long, slightly revolute below and
serrulate above; only known from sterile specimens.

Type locality: — Anagada: rocky plain near settlement,
Britton & Shafer 1038.

Distribution: — Mona Island, Britton & Hess 1751, 1753.

These specimens have been compared with type specimens of
B. decursivum C. Miill. from Porto Rico, kindly loaned to us by
Dr. Engler from the Royal Botanical Garden at Berlin, and,
though closely related by the decurrent narrow basal wing, ours
differs in its shorter leaves, serrate margins and shorter cells.

6 Brixton: Mosses of Danish West Indies

15. Bryum Cruegeri Hampe; C. Miill. Syn. i: 300. 1849

Dioicous plants bright yellowish green, shining gregarious in
loose soil in gravelly bed of stream; stems short, less than i cm.
high, upper part of stem erect, base decumbent red and radiculose;
leaves light yellowish green, glossy, spreading, lanceolate, acute
or acuminate, 2 mm. long X 0.35-0.5 mm. broad; costa narrow,
ending in the carinate, mucronate apex, margins entire below
slightly serrulate at apex, not bordered nor revolute; cells hex-
agonal 54-108 IX long X 13 M broad, a few alar, shorter and
broader, square or oblong, not decurrent; sterile but often
propagating by gemmae.

St. Thomas: in bed of stream at Tutu, 422.

Compared with Chas. Wright 6j from Cuba, distributed as
B. ovalijolium SuU., the leaves are slightly narrower and less con-
cave, but they are evidently closely related species and both
belong with the group of tropical American species having glossy
leaves, and flaccid red stems, resembling a PoJilia. They grow
mostly along streams and form a closely related group, of which
B. ripense C. Miill. from Jamaica is also a member.

16. Philonotis sphaerocarpa (Sw.) Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2: 25.

1827

St. Thomas: moist banks. Bonne Resolution 421; Crown
Estate, 450 m. alt., 1368, 1458.

17. Philonotis tenella (C. Miill.) Jaeger, Adumb. i: 541.

1873-1874

St. Jan: on wet banks, near Corallenburg, Breutel, 1841;
Bethania, Britton & Shafer 208. Tortola: near Road town,

«

325 m. alt., Britton & Shafer y^j.

18. Pireella cymbifolia (Sull.) Cardot, Rev. Bryol. 40: 17.

1913
St. Jan: on wet rock near Bethania, Britton &" Shafer s$g.

19. Pterobryum angustifolium (C. Miill.) Mitt. Jour. Linn.

Soc. Bot. 12: 426. 1869
Tortola: High Bush, Eggers 3240a, December, 1887; Sage
Mt., W. C. Fishlock 85, May, 1913.

Brixton: Mosses of Danish West Indies 7

20. Neckera disticha (Sw.) Hedw. Descr. 3: 53. 1792
St. Thomas : on rocks at St. Peter, 1456. Tortola : on rock in
forest, High Bush, 375 meters alt., Britton & Shafer 841.

21. Neckera jamaicense (Gmel.) E. G. Britton, Bull. Torrey

Club 40: 656. 1913
St. Jan: on bark of trees at Bethania, Britton & Shafer 364.

22. Callicostella Belangeriana (Besch.) Jaeger, Adumb. 2:

257. 1874-1875
St. Jan: on stones, Bordeaux, 300 meters alt., Britton &
Shafer 548.

23. Stereophyllum leucostegum (Brid.) Mitt. Jour. Linn.

Soc. Bot. 12: 543. 1869
St. Jan: Emaus, Breiitel; Bethania, Britton & Shafer 1357.
St. Thomas: on rocks in shade, ravine at Tutu, I2gi\ waterfall
near Magen's Bay, 1314.

24. Mittenothamnium diminutivum (Hampe) E. G. Britton,

Bryologist 17: 9. 1914
St. Jan: on dead wood, Bordeaux, 400 m. alt., Britton &'
Shafer 595.

25. Taxithelium planum (Brid.) Mitt. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot.

12: 496. 1869
St. Jan: Breutel; Bethania, Britton & Shafer 358, 365, 366;
Bordeaux, 400 m. alt., Britton & Shafer 568, 580. St. Thomas:
St. Peter, 1259; Crown Estate, 1366. Tortola: High Bush,
Britton & Shafer 839.

26. Sematophyllum admistum (Sull.) Mitt. Jour. Linn. Soc.

Bot. 12: 485. 1869
St. Jan: Bordeaux, 300 m. alt., Britton &" Shafer ^ 34, 556, 578,
579. St. Thomas: St. Peter, on rocks, 1257, 1457. Tortola:
High Bush, 375 m. alt., Britton &" Shafer 814, 840.

27. Sematophyllum sericifolium Mitt. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot.

12: 483. 1869.
Tortola: on logs in forest, High Bush, 375 m. alt., Britton &"
Shafer 819

8

Brixton: Mosses of Danish West Indies

28. Haplocladium microphyllum (Sw.) Broth.; E. & P. Nat.

Pfl. i^: 1007. 1907

St. Thomas: shaded bank, Pearl to Bonne Resolution, IJJS-

explanation of plate ±

The figures were drawn by Mr. R. S. Williams from magnifications twice as
great as expressed in the numbers, which represent the magnification of the figures
as they stand in the reproduction.

Hyophila uliginosa E. G. Britton

Fig. I. Plant, natural size.

Fig. 2. Propagula. X 35.

Fig. 3. Upper leaf, X 35-

Fig. 4. Cells in upper part of leaf, X 200.

Fig. 5. Cells of leaf base, X 200.

Fig. 6. Cross section in upper part of leaf, X 2or.

Phascum sessile E. G. Brittor

Fig. 7. Plant, X n.

Fig. 8. Cross-section in upper part of leaf X 2or

Fig. 9. Cross-section near leaf base, X 20c.

Fig. 10. Calyptra, X 35.

Fig. II. Cells at basal angle, X 200.

Fig. 12. Cells in upper part of leaf. X 20c.

Fig. 13. Upper leaf, X 20.

Bull. Torrey Club

Volume 42, plate i

!3

12

'-■.yi

R.bW

1-6. HYOPHILA ULIGIXOSA E. G. Britton
7-13. PHASCUM SESSILE E. G. Britton

\

OF

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by D. T. MacDougal, xvi + 320 pp., with 176 figures. 1903.

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QK542.W4B75no.1-\^ qen

Britton Elizabeth Ge/WestTndian mosses

3 5185 00102 4106