WILD FLOWERS OF THE PACIFIC COAST

WILD FLOWERS

OF

THE PACIFIC COAST

FROM ORIGINAL WATER COLOR SKETCHES DRAWN

FROM NATURE

BY

EMMA ROMAN THAYER

AUTHOR OF " WILD FLOWERS OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS," ETC.

CASSELL & COMPANY, LIMITED,

739 & 741 BROADWAY, NEW YORK.

BIOLOGY LIBRARY

( f> «_ • *» o

COPYRIGHT,

'',/ '' ',,'', \ 5887,
,,Sx O. M.'E.UNHAM.

ALL RIGHTS KESERVED.

CHKOMO-LITHOGRAPHKD BY DONALDSON BROTHERS, NEW YORK.
PRESS W. L. MERSHON & Co., RAHWAY, N. J.

I DEDICATE THIS BOOK TO THE MEMORY OF
MY FATHER

GEORGE W. HOMAN.

M40874

INTRODUCTION.

In presenting this collection of Wild Flowers, I have selected those from my sketches
that are most beloved by the people of the coast, and are new and of interest to lovers of
wild flowers in the East.

I have given them to you as I found them growing in their natural simplicity along
the trails of the mountains, and by the streams in the valleys.

They are but a handful compared to the multitude we find all along the coast. All
the varieties of the East are found here. There is no peak so -high, or valley so deep,
but you see their lovely faces waiting to welcome you. They smile and nod as if inviting
you to catch them. You reach up to pluck one, and you discover a bright-colored neigh-
bor beckoning you higher, and so you climb to the very top, all unconscious of the dizzy
height, lured on by these bright-arrayed children of the mountains.

In the places most difficult of access I found the most beautiful flowers. It would
seem as if they wished to hide the delicate members of their family from the rude gaze of
the world, sheltered in some nook of the rocks, like a miniature conservatory tenderly
cared for by the fairies of the mountains.

Often you will see a most beautiful specimen growing just beyond your reach on
some rugged point. The desire to possess it is so great you can hardly resist the danger-
ous reach. I once saw a whole bed of fine bell-shape flowers on a point above me, im-
possible to climb. I had spent days in trying to find this variety, and here they were a
few feet above my head, but no human hand could touch them. They grew wondrously
beautiful while I gazed, and I imagined they grew larger and larger until they looked
like a whole chime of bells ringing out a dirge to my disappointed ambitions.

In Southern California you can pick wild flowers every month in the year, and in
February they make their appearance all over the state, and continue their line of march
up the coast, and by April you find them in the fields and woods of Oregon.

To those who are familiar with the flowers of California, may they welcome these in
my collection as old friends, and to those who are strangers, may they prove an introduc-
tion to the home of the beautiful wild flowers of the Pacific Coast.

E. H. T.

LIST OF PLATES.

BUTTERCUPS.

EVENING PRIMROSE.

BURR-CLOVER.

BABY BLUE EYES.

YELLOW POPPY.

LARKSPUR.

WILD THRIFT.

CLUSTER LILY. .

VIOLET.

WILD VERBENA.

BLUE BELLS.

SNAP-DRAGON.

SHOOTING STAR.

WILD PEONY.

CHINESE CIGARETTE BLOSSOM.

WILD HELIOTROPE.

« TIDY-TIPS."

SNOW PLANT.

FORGET-ME-NOT.

WOOD LILY, i

AZALEA.

SPOTTED LILY. I

SALMON BLOSSOMS AND PINK GRASS.

MARIPOSA LILY. .

Wild Flowers of the Pacific Coast.

BUTTERCUPS. CAL!!"0!

As our train nears San Francisco we run on the long
pier far out in the bay, and as we board one of the fine ferry-
boats, a friend directs us to the front and says:

" You get a finer view here." We have an indistinct
remembrance of his continuing to talk, but in our surprise and
delight at the view we do not hear him. The magnificent bay
is before us. In the distance we see the city of San Francisco,
with its hundred of spires tipped with brasses shining out in the
sun. The bay is as smooth as a mirror, stately ocean ships and
" men-of-war" are coming in or going out!" The ferry-boats, so
large and fine, they remind us of the Boston steamboats in size
and grandeur. Yachts and fishing smacks lie side by side, and
the saucy little tug goes flying in and out, peeping here and
there in her inquisitive way, as if wishing to know her neigh-
bors' business.

Flags are flying, and every nation is represented, but with
their colors we see a flag that seems to act as host and guardian,
and we recognize the Stars and Stripes.

White-winged birds fly abreast our boat and lead the way,
as if bidding us a welcome. Flow beautiful it is, and we seat

IO WILD FLOWERS OF THE PACIFIC COAST.

ourselves comfortably to enjoy it all, when we are gently touched
upon the arm, and a voice low but distinct asks :

" Grand Hotel ?" and the notes echo from every side, the
first word changed, but the last ever the same — " Palace Hotel?"
" Occidental Hotel ? ' We stop the echo by saying, " Occidental
Hdfcol,! please." Our hand-bag and bundles disappear, and when
\>?ei jlatn'd ,!the same quiet voice directs us to the coach, and we
are wheeled away through the business portion of San Fran-
cisco, and landed in the reception-room of the Occidental.

Not a moment is lost, you are shown a room and there you
find your bags and bundles, which give it a home look, and you
are left with a " Hope you'll find every thing comfortable, ma'm,"
which makes. you feel the boy's your friend.

I prepare for lunch, and the lonely feeling is just beginning
to creep stealthily in when a rap is heard, which startles it. The
door is opened, and a kind voice says, "Wid de compliments of
Maj. Hooper, de proprietor of dis hotel," and a basket is placed
upon my table filled with buttercups fresh cut, with odors of
new mown hay and suggestions of country fields and bright-
eyed daisies about them.

The lonely feeling disappears. I select a bunch from the
basket and arrange them for my belt, and am about to stab
them with the long pin, when I change my mind. No ! I
will paint them instead, they shall be my first sketch, and so
my first day spent in San Francisco was devoted to this
little bunch of buttercups that came from the fields back of
Oakland.

EVENING PRIMROSE.

The second day after my arrival in Sacramento, I was told
of a little Scotch girl who knew every wild flower for miles
around, and at one of the flower festivals she had sent a great
variety of them beautifully arranged, and they were so much
admired her name had been mentioned in a complimentary
manner in the city papers.

Through a mutual friend I made the acquaintance of the
little girl- -Jennie McClure. A call upon her, and we became
friends at once. We made an engagement to go the next day
in search of primroses. "Yes, she knew just where they grew,
lovely white ones. We would have to walk quite a bit if I did
not mind."

I did " not mind." I was to call for Jennie at ten the next
morning, but long before that hour she came for me.

' I thought you had forgot the time, and I'd come on a bit
and meet you ! "

" No, Jennie, I did not forget the hour. I was just starting
when I saw you coming, but I am glad you came. I shall have
your company so much the longer."

" Do you mind if I take Tom with us ? He is my brother,
and always goes with me when I go for flowers," and the sweet
face brightened while she waited for my answer.

" Have him come with us by all means. Where is he ?"

" I felt most sure you'd like him to go, and I told him to

12 WILD FLOWERS OF THE PACIFIC COAST;

pick a basket of oranges. We'll get so dry, walking in the sun,
and after we eat the oranges we can put the flowers in the basket.
Oh, here he comes ! Tom, this is the lady, and she likes you
to go," and Jennie brought him forward in the most motherly
manner for his introduction.

We took the street cars out to the edge of the town, and
then Tom led the way, while Jennie talked constantly, telling
me of their many trips after flowers ; and she knew the exact
place to find the primroses, she had seen them " hundreds of
times." " You know, Tom, it is just the other side of the big flow."

" Yes, Jennie, I know presaxley. Is the lady afraid of
snakes ?"

"Yes, Tom, I am. Why?" I asked in alarm.

" 'Cause a bit to the left is a nest of 'um. I killed one on
our last trip. Do you mind, Jennie?"

" Yes, I do, Tom. But Papa said if we ran crooked, like
this, they would not come out," and Jennie gathered up her
short skirts and started. I followed, but Tom walked straight
in the middle of the road in a most dignified manner. He
carried a stick in his hand almost as large as himself, ready to
defend us, did the snake make his appearance. But none came
out, and we walked on again in safety, I to listen to wonderful
snake stories from Tom, who, being only "ten, but going on
eleven," had had wonderful experiences for one of his years.

The 'big flow" was reached; Tom helped me over the
stepping-stones safely, and the dainty " beauties " were soon dug
up and nestling lovingly in my basket.

BURR CLOVER.

Is there any thing more lovely than youth? — a young girl

just coming into womanhood ? It is in California you find the

.loveliest girls in the world, large in stature and graceful in form.

I have watched them by the hour, laughing and chatting, all

unconscious of the great charm of their beauty — health.

There is something about the air of California that is exhil-
arating. It gives a kind of champagne pop to every thing. Men
and women walk faster, ricle faster, and live faster than in the
East. Girls marry younger, and boys become men while yet in
their teens. It is the climate.

Two young girls at my hotel interested me; they were
great friends, and I found them well-informed and ever ready
to give me information about their State, with a pride all possess
who live in it.

I met them one clay, their faces flushed and their hands
full of great bunches of burr clover. " Where did you get
them?" I asked. "They are beautiful." The flower was new to
me, and consequently of great value. "At the mission 'Dolo-
res.' You can get just lovely ones there," they answered.

The next day found me at this wonderful mission, founded
by the Spanish Friars in the year 1776. The sexton points out
the three little bells in the three square openings, and assures
you they were brought from the Castle many years ago. The
long narrow aisles lead you to the altar, and here we see what the

j^ WILD FLOWERS OF THE PACIFIC COAST.

sexton tells us is a painting of the Last Supper, the Madonna
and the Christ, Saint Frances and Saint James. The walls, he
tells us, are four feet thick, and they look fifty. A weak, closed-
in feeling comes over you, and you think of the lovely fresh air
outside, and when you reach it, give a prayer of thanksgiving
that you are allowed to breathe it again.

" Do you want to see the graveyard, miss ?"

" Yes, if it is not under cover and the sunshine is allowed
to come in," I answered.

" Plenty of sunshine there," and he leads the way.

As we pass through the gate the old man bows his head-
so do I. We are in the presence of the dust of those that have
slept here over a hundred years. We read the inscriptions and
find them in six different languages — I should say see them in
six — the hieroglyphics on the Indian headstones we could not
decipher, but are assured they are the names of great chieftains.

On a board headstone, the lettering nearly washed out by
the years of rain upon it, we see under the name the letters "V.
C.," and ask what it means.

"Oh, that stands for Vigilance Committee; you will see that
on some of the marble stones. Would I go further?"

' No, I had seen enough, if he would allow me to pick
some of the burr clover growing near."

Why, yes; take these growing near the slab of James Sul-
livan, the world-renowned 'Yankee Sullivan.' You see there is
a'V. C.' on it."

I took them, and so you see them in my sketch.

~, 0 ,

BABY BLUE EYES.

The name of " Monterey" has a charm for thousands of
tourists who have visited that beautiful place, in the last three
years. Indeed the interest in this place dates back to 1842,
when the United States seized the territory of California, but
relinquished, it the next day. Commodore Jones, of the Amer-
ican navy, captured the fort of Monterey, and hoisted the Stars
and Stripes, but the next morning he hauled down his flag, and-
apologized for his mistake. They were not hoisted again until
July yth, 1846, and then by Commodore Sloat with no intention
of imitating his predecessor's example by pulling them down.

" There is probably no place upon the coast so replete with
natural charms as Monterey. Its exquisite beauty and variety
of scenery is diversified with ocean, bay, lake and streamlet ;
mountain, hill and valley, and groves of oak, cypress, spruce,
pine and other trees. The mountain views are very beautiful,
particularly the Gabilan and Santa Cruz spurs."

In a beautiful park not far from the town of Monterey
stands the magnificent hotel called " The Del Monte." " This
is perfection, a-dream," said an enthusiastic girl standing near
me, the morning after my arrival, and I could but echo her
words. It was early, but the sun was far up, and its rays upon
the freshly-watered grass threw countless diamonds on every
blade.

The cultivated flowers were everywhere — in artistic clusters,

1 6 WILD FLOWERS OF THE PACIFIC COAST.

the hand of an artist had arranged their start in life, and they
had fully repaid him by arraying- themselves in colors that per-
fectly blended with their neighbors.

The temptation to walk could not be resisted. As we turned
the corner of the house, the odor of heliotrope was so strong
it made us wonder if the gardener was using the perfume in his
watering-pot. But we soon discovered from whence came the
delicious odor. A vine completely covered the end of the hotel ;
it was up far above the second-story windows and thousands of
blossoms were gracefully hanging from its branches.

As we continued our walk by the fountains and lakes we
soon came to a grove of trees that had been left in their natural
beauty. The grass was wild but smooth as velvet. On a little
mound under a young bushy tree I saw what looked like a light-
blue covering, and found peeping through the grass these pretty

•

"blue babies'-eyes." They were so sweet, nestled away under this
bush, too delicate and slender to bear the full rays of the sun, I
could not pick them, but promised to spend the morning with
them. Returning to the hotel for my colors, I took a hasty
breakfast, and the rest of the morning found me seated by the
side of these flowers so prettily named.

They are one of the favorites of the flora on the coast.
All seem to love them. The prettiest decorations for a table I
ever saw were sea-shells filled with these beautiful flowers.

A great variety of flowers grow around Monterey. The
ladies bring in great bunches, making the "Del Monte' look
like a conservatory of wild flowers.

YELLOW POPPY.

On one of my trips over the Northern Pacific road, at a
little station called " Santa Rosa," a man hurriedly entered the
car, followed closely by his wife and little girl. Depositing the
many bundles on the seat, he kissed them both and said, "There!
Good-by ! Take good care of yourselves and enjoy your trip."
To the little girl he said, "Don't call me back or watch me out
of sight, it's bad luck."

So simple and honest was this warning, I became interested
in the man and watched him from the car window. Oh ! no
wonder he did not want them to watch him out of sight. The
tears were falling fast as he unhitched his horses and jumped in
the wagon and drove away, not once looking toward the car that
held those most dear to him. What a sacrifice of feelings was
this man making, and perhaps of his means also.

At this moment the train started. I felt so interested in
this little family I offered some courtesy to the child, and soon
had the mother in conversation. She had come to California
when a young girl, with her father. Had married and settled
on a ranch near Santa Rosa. Her husband, she said, had lived
in the state nine years, and during that time they had married
and had this one little girl. "He ain't been back once," she
said, "although his mother writes constantly for him to come,
and now since the tickets are so cheap, he insists on my going
and taking daughter."

O <j

1 8 WILD FLOWERS OF THE PACIFIC COAST.

"Too bad he could not go," I said.

"Yes, I just begged him to go, but 'twas no use. 'Mother
has never seen you or Annie,' he said, 'and you can tell her all
about how I look, and I can't leave the ranche ; you must go.'
I wonder if he's left the station ? '

"Yes, I saw him get in his wagon and drive away."

"Oh! did you? How did he look? Poor Papa," and
the child's eyes filled with tears.

I called her attention to some flowers along the road. She
brightened up at once, and suddenly turning to me, asked, " Do
you like wild flowers ? "

" Yes, indeed I do ; do you ? "

" I just love them. Mamma, where is my basket ? Oh,
here it is," and removing the paper she showed me some beau-
tiful wild poppies. She had taken them with the earth about
them so carefully, they looked as if they had not been disturbed.

' I am taking them to grandmother. Father said she was
sure to like them."

" I know she will. Do you stop in San Francisco ? ' I
inquired.

Yes, one day, with a cousin," she answered.

I asked the privilege of keeping the flowers for the day.
I wanted to paint them, because they were the finest I had ever
seen, and as a remembrance of the little party I had met. As
you look at them, you can think of the trip they took, and we
may hope some of their descendants are now growing in the
grandmother's garden.

LARKSPUR.

I think one of the pleasantest short trips from San Fran-
cisco is the one to the Geysers. It was my pleasure to go on the
beautiful narrow-gauge railroad as far as Clovedale. The rest
of the trip was made by stages.

While waiting for the second coach I looked at the little
town and thought its situation very beautiful. So pleased was
I with it I forgot to demand, as my companions had done, the
"best seat."

"Well, ma'am, will you take this seat? It ain't noways
pleasant, but as you ain't said nothing about no seat, maybe you're
not particular."

I looked up and saw a small space left between two women
whose weight had already tested the springs, and being neither
thin nor delicate myself, I hesitated.

" It'll be awful hot," said one of the women.

" And dusty," said the second.

" Yes, and crowded," said I.

" If you ain't pressed for time I'd wait and engage the front
seat on to-morrow's coach," said the polite agent standing near me.

" I will be glad to do so," I said, much relieved, for the
very thought of crowding in a seat between two women had
made me feel warm and fatigued.

We reached Clovedale (which is so prettily and appro-
priately named) about noon. After a good luncheon, I walked

2O WILD FLOWERS OF THE PACIFIC COAST.

out to the suburbs of the town and followed a path which led me
to the top of a hill. As I walked, the pink clover in full bloom
sent forth a lovely odor.

On this hill, and on this quiet afternoon, I found the lark-
spur growing. Its colors looked richer against the background
of clear blue sky, and I thought it worthy of being sketched.

I could imagine Clovedale a New England town from the
flora I found there. The columbine, small, red and growing on
slender stems, grows here as it does in our eastern woods. The
flag lily, purple, lavender and white, I found in abundance.
Even the clover had an eastern look, and it would seem as if
the flowers had formed a colony, and chosen this beautiful spot
as their future home.

The next day, found me in the "front seat," by the
side of the driver. It was mine by right of engagement, much
to the annoyance of the six fellow-passengers, all of whom, with
pockets well stocked with cigars, to bribe the driver, expected to
take it.

" I think you will find this seat much pleasanter, and I
hope you are not sorry you staid over, miss," said the kind-
hearted agent.

'Sorry? Oh no, I am glad that circumstances detained me
here. I shall always associate it with clover-blossoms, no matter
when or where I see them growing."

Crack ! went the whip, the " leaders " gave a spring, and
Clovedale, with its quiet homes, its honey-laden bees, and
flowers, left behind us.

WILD THRIFT.

Will you go to the shore and take a bath ? is almost the first
question asked you after reaching Santa Cruz. It was a pleas-
ing question to me and I quickly answered, " Yes, as soon as I
have had luncheon."

" Cars run right by the door, miss, every fifteen minutes,
take you plumb up to the door of the baths, and you can stay
as long as you like for the same price."

The day, being the latter part of March', was a little cool,
but the salt water in my bath was warm and delicious; yes, deli-
cious. I know no other word that so well expresses a warm salt
water bath after days of hot dusty travel.

As I walked along on the warm sand, thoroughly refreshed
by my bath, with no particular aim in view, I came suddenly
upon some writing with a ring drawn around it.

I looked closely and read, " Go straight ahead fifty-seven
steps, then turn to the right thirty-three steps, and you will see
a mighty pretty flower." I read it the second time. Surely it
had not been long written ; it looked as if freshly done in the
yet damp sand. I had seen no one on the beach, and looked
around to find the writer. In looking back I saw I had uncon-
sciously turned a point on the beach, and the writer, whoever it
had been, was out of sight. I read again, and then saw for the
first time foot-prints, so small they must be of a child, and the
toes pointed toward the cliff. I followed the foot-prints and

22 WILD FLOWERS OF THE PACIFIC COAST.

came to an old deserted boat that was lying close up under the
bank, and behind it and just above the top, I saw a pair of dark-
brown eyes.

"Did you write that for me?" I asked.

" Yes, mum," and the bright eyes twinkled.

" How did you know I was looking for flowers ?"

" Oh, I heard you ask at the hotel if there were any wild
flowers growing on the beach, and I just knew there was, and I
rim ahead to let you know."

" You are very good," I said. " Come out and let me see
you, and if you will go with me I shall be glad to see the
flowers." She stood up and I found her to be a young girl
about eleven years old, and the daughter of a fisherman living
near the beach. She was a bright interesting little thing, and
loved flowers. She gave me much information as we walked
along, and when we reached this patch of wild thrift, I was
informed that it was " the only lot that had blossomed this spring."

As I made my sketch she chatted, and often the little face
with the pretty brown eyes would get between my brush and
the blossoms I was sketching.

" I would just like some paints like yours. I'd paint every
flower as fast as they came out, if I had the paints."

" You shall have a box for your kindness," I said, " and a
lesson also, if you will come to the hotel with me." She was
the happiest child that night in Santa Cruz. I believe she will,
some day, be a fine artist, as she showed wonderful talent in
one so young.

CLUSTER LILY.

These lilies I think much handsomer growing than in the
sketch. As we find them standing erect on their delicate stems,
each lily so perfect in the cluster, we are ready to say no brush
can do them justice.

Like the poppy, they grow in patches, and instead of the
yellow carpet, we find the purple, lavender and delicate blue,
but rarely the pink.

I found these little flowers a great favorite with the young
ladies. They can choose from the color most becoming, and wear
them for a whole evening without losing their freshness.

I found the most perfect of these lilies in the Napa Valley.
This lovely valley seems to be the home of the wild flowers :
every variety found in the state grows here, and the growth is
rich in size and color.

Napa Valley is better known to eastern people than any
other in the state. It has gained a reputation for richness of
soil and beautiful vineyards that make all tourists wish to visit it.

I found all of the valleys equally inviting. No matter in
which direction you may go, on any of the railroads, you are
sure to find yourself in one of these lovely valleys, with ranches
here and there, and every few miles a pretty village with its
church steeples rising high in the air, surmounted with little
brass crosses and weather-cocks, that send the sun's rays far
down the valley, as if to guide the weary traveler home.

24 WILD FLOWERS OF THE PACIFIC COAST.

It was in the San Joaquin and Sacramento Valleys I found
the greatest variety of birds. I saw here a fine species of the
road-runner, which is much like the cuckoo ; but in habits more
like the pheasant in running, and its inability to fly.

Perhaps the most interesting of all birds is the California
wood-pecker (Melanerpes fonmcivorus), which has the curious
habit of boring holes in the bark of trees and filling them \vith
acorns, which fit most accurately and closely in the cavities
thus made. The object of this arrangement appears to be to
allow the grubs to fatten inside the acorns, which thus in time
are found to contain a nice meal for the provident bird.

The quail of California are very handsome. There are two
species, and both have elegant crests of long narrow feathers.
In one species they turn backward, in the other forward. They
are taller and more slender than the quail of the Eastern States.

I am not a sportswoman, but I have killed my quail. Once
when a child, with a horse-hair noose set as a trap, many of
them on a string stretched tight and fastened to little sticks,
underneath which grains of wheat were scattered to entice
the innocent bird to hang himself. And again while in Sacra-
mento Valley with a party of friends, one of whom handed me a
little shot-gun and said, " Point the sight at that bush ; now, fire."
I did so, and a family of quail scattered, leaving behind them a
son. His crest turned backward, and he now stands on a mini-
ature stump which adorns the most attractive corner of my
cabinet.

VIOLET (Wiuot

VIOLET.

Have you ever visited San Jose ? If you have you know
much better than I can tell you of its beauties. No description
of a place can equal a visit. We may read of cities and beautiful
countries, and get some idea of them, but a visit is never forgot-
ten ; if pleasant, the memory remains through life.

San Jose is situated in the heart of the lovely valley of Santa-
Clara. On the east are the Coast Range of mountains, and on the
west the Santa-Clara range. This charming place is called the
Garden City of California, and the New Haven of the Pacific.

Its wealth of trees, flowers and shrubbery, and the multifari-
ous adornments of nature and art, make it one of the popular
cities of the Coast.

Almond Rock is one of the points of interest, and the drive
there the finest in the place. It was on this drive I first saw the
violet, so called by the people of California, but so much resem-
bling the pansy of the east, it was difficult for me not to call it
by that pretty name given to its sister.

These in my sketch were growing in a pasture in which cows
were feeding. With their bright-colored faces turned to the sun
they covered nearly half an acre of ground. I selected this
bunch, carefully removing the earth with them, much to the con-
sternation of the cows, who drew near with curiosity, wondering,
no doubt, why I was disturbing their pretty garden.

It was in San Jose I saw such beautifully cultivated gardens.

26 WILD FLOWERS OF THE PACIFIC COAST.

Blossoms of all kinds grow to an immense size. The roses were
here in abundance, and so large and fine I begged some to send
to an Eastern friend, who thought her roses the finest in the
country. She wrote me " You intended this box of lovely
roses as a pleasure to me I am quite sure, but they have brought
with them a desire so great to visit the land that produces such
marvelous flowers, I fear I shall not be contented or entirely
happy until I have seen them growing in their native soil."

Hedges of callas and geraniums are common here, and the
heliotrope is trained as we would train the honeysuckle vine in
the East.

I saw some fine groves of apricots and olives growing, and
the English walnut is extensively cultivated. The friends who
entertained me while at San Jose raised their own English wal-
nuts, and cured and prepared their raisins.

I became interested in the curing of raisins while in Cali-
fornia. Much attention is being given to it. They have two
methods of preparing them. One method consists in partially
cutting through the stalk of the ripened bunches of grapes and
allowing them to shrink and dry upon the vines by the heat of
the sun. By the other method they are gathered and hung on
lines, or laid on prepared floors to dry in the sun. When dried
they are dipped in a hot lye, to which is added olive oil and a
little salt. After dipping, the fruit is laid on hurdles of wicker-
work to drain, and is constantly exposed to the sun for about a
fortnight. The raisins are then pulled from the stalk and
packed into boxes ready for the eastern markets.

WILD VERBENA.

From Los Angeles to Long Beach is two-thirds of a day's
travel ; at least it was when I visited the place — by this time the
railroad is finished through to the Beach, I am quite sure. It
has a lovely beach and is a place that has much promise. It will
attract the better class wishing quiet and good bathing. I am
told, in the extreme hot season families take their tents and pitch
them in some nice sheltered place on the beach and remain there
for many weeks.

At this place I found under peculiar circumstances the wild
verbena. I had started out quite early in the morning, having
been directed where I would be likely to find it growing. I had
heard much of the plant, and came here purposely to make a
study of it.

I had walked what seemed to me a mile or more along the
beach, and not finding the flower I so much desired, had turned
back quite discouraged. I had gone but a short distance when
a dog came leaping over the embankment and ran to me, much
to my alarm; but I soon discovered that he meant only kindness.
He would run ahead, then wait until I came up to him ; some-
times he would return and leap and jump about me and then run
on ahead again. He kept on in this way for quite a half hour,
when, nearing- a grove of trees a short distance ahead, he ran

o o

toward them. I thought he had decided to leave me, and so
walked on, but in a moment he came barking toward me. I

28 WILD FLOWERS OF THE PACIFIC COAST.

patted him on the head and he again turned toward the trees.
I stood still, and when he turned and saw me standing, he
howled most piteously. I went toward him. He immediately
went on, turning every instant to look at me. I could not
understand the dog, but followed him. When he saw me
coming he commenced his old playful manner. Suddenly he
stopped and lay down. Directly in front of him I saw a
beautiful vine of wild verbena.

I can not tell you my astonishment. I looked at the verbena,
then at the dog, who had stretched himself out as if intending to
remain. I seated myself beside him, and the three hours I spent
in making my painting of this, the finest specimen I have ever
seen of wild verbena, the faithful animal never left me, but
remained quiet, sometimes asleep, sometimes looking at my hand
as it applied the colors.

When finished he came with me to the hotel. I went to the
office to inquire if any one knew the dog; when they came out to
look at him he had gone.

I walked again on the beach the next morning, in hopes of
seeing my kind companion of the day before, but he did not come.
I went to the place I had first seen him and called, but he was
not to be seen. I inquired of some small boys who I felt sure
would know him from my description. No, they never "See no
such cur." "He is not a cur," I answered, " but a beautiful,
intelligent dog." " Well, maybe he be, but we ain't seen him."

It was with much regret I left Long Beach without again
seeing the best friend I met while there.

BLUE BELLS.

On one of my trips out of San Francisco I visited a pretty
town called San Rafael. I should say I started to visit it. In
the same car with me I noticed a little boy, whose face had such
an anxious look I became interested in him. A woman sat
beside him, and on her face he seemed to constantly keep his
eyes.

As we neared the town he said, " Now this is San Rafael.
Let us get out." And picking up his bag he stood ready. The
woman did not move but said :

" Keep your seat, we go further."

" You told me we were coming here."

No answer from the woman.

"Where are you going to take me ?" and the tears that had
been ready all along sprang out, while the boy continued to look
in the woman's face, the muscles of which never moved.

The train started. "Where are you going?" He did not
say mother, neither did he address her by name, but he had
such a thin little face, and such great sad eyes, my heart went
out to the little fellow, and so interested had I become in him,
I had forgotten to get off at San Rafael, and found myself
carried alono; I knew not where.

o

We had gone quite a distance when the woman looked
out of the window on my side of the car. The boy followed the
look, so did I, and saw a huge pile of buildings, on the top of

30 WILD FLOWERS OF THE PACIFIC COAST.

which a wooden cross stood out plain and clear against
the sky.

"You're not going to take me there?' cried the boy, and
his little hands clutched her arm.

By this time we reached the platform, and the huge buildings
under the cross were before us. The woman picked up the bag,
and taking the child by the arm they got off the train. I followed.
Neither the woman nor the boy seemed to notice me. He,
poor child, saw nothing but the woman's face and the buildings.

A path led up to the entrance of the inclosure, and the
woman, taking the child by the hand, walked rapidly ahead.

" Oh ! what have I done ? Please don't take me there," I
heard the child saying, but the woman never spoke, but walked
quickly on. As she reached the gate it opened as if by magic,
and the two disappeared behind it.

I stood in the path with an ache in my heart for the child
behind the gate, who did not know "what he had done," or
" why he was taken there."

My situation was rather ludicrous. I stood there alone,
not a person to be seen. I walked back to the little platform
and saw on a poster that the train would not return in six hours.

Green fields were all about me, arid in the distance a piece
of woods that looked cool and inviting.

I walked over to them and found these pretty blue
flowers, with the dew still upon them. As I sketched them
the dew disappeared, and so, we will hope, the tears did from
the face of the dear little child.

SNAP-DRAGON.

The Sierra Nevada mountains of California are the largest
and most interesting chain of mountains in the United States.
The range, starting from Mt. St. Bernardino, is about four
hundred mdes long, its peaks in places towering high above the
snow line, Mt. Whitney being about six hundred feet higher
than any peak yet measured in the Rocky Mountains. All of
the very high peaks of the Sierra are of granite. In the north-
ern part there are peaks of metamorphic rock, and many of the
summits show volcanic materials. Lassen Peak, 10,577 feet» and
Mount Shasta, 14,440 feet (above the sea), are extinct volcanoes.

Like an emerald ring encircling this huge finger, are rich
ranches to be found at its basef and far up the sides of the
mountains. It was my good fortune to be entertained at one
of these delightful places. While there, I had for my particu-
lar use a fine saddle-horse, and his constant companion was a
dog that belonged to no particular breed, and made up in faith-
fulness what he lacked in beauty.

One morning after an hour's ride I dismounted by a lovely
bed of moss, and having tied the horse to a young branch, I
was soon interested in examining the cells and delicate colorings
of the moss through a small magnifymg-glass.

The loud barking of the dog attracted my attention, and I
looked up, to discover the horse quietly walking up the side of
the mountain, nipping the young leaves as. he passed along.

32 WILD FLOWERS OF THE PACIFIC COAST.

I called whoa ! He paid not the least attention to me, but
walked, as I thought, a little faster. I quickened my pace ; so
did he. He kept close to the side of the mountain; so did I ; for
the path grew narrower and more difficult. The space between us
widened as we ascended. Turning a sharp angle I saw a small
clearing and a house artistically built of logs against the side of
the mountain. I stood still, both from surprise and fatigue, and
saw the horse walk straight up to the door. The door opened ; a
man came out. He patted the horse, and that miserable animal
that had not allowed me to get within reach of his head, actually
laid it upon the man's shoulder as if caressing him.

Hot, dusty, my face red, and dress torn, I stood hesitating
what to do. The dog decided for me. He gave a loud bark
and ran forward. The man looked toward the dog and discovered
me. He raised his hat and came forward, saying, " I fear Dick
has given you a hard chase. I have owned that horse for six
years, and only last spring sold him to the people on the ranche
below. This is the first chance he has had to run home, and I
am glad to see him. Will you come in ? '

"If this is his old home I will stay long enough to give
him a little visit," I said.

Inside the log house I found the man's wife, a woman of rare
intelligence, who spent much time each day in collecting and
pressing wild flowers. It was near their place I found this snap-
dragon. It grew in great abundance here, and I chose it as
the finest of the flora seen during my stay in the ranche in
the Sierra Nevada mountains.

SHOOTING STAR.

This pretty cluster of stately little flowers came from River
Side, and reminds me of lovely homes, orange groves, and
beautiful gardens of cultivated flowers.

Of all the wild flowers I found here I thought the shooting

o o

star the finest. It grows in a modest sort of way, n little bush
here and there, shooting straight up as if to hold its head above
its neighbors before uncovering the handsome face to the gaze of
its companions, and then blushes and looks down, never again
daring to raise its pretty face. One of the blossoms of this
pretty bunch I saw open. It was early morning, and when I
made my sketch a fine large bud was the first " laid on," and
when I had quickly sketched the others and was about to finish
the bud, I thought it moved. I looked closely and saw one of
the leaves slowly unfold, then another quietly spread out its
lavender loveliness, and soon the bud I had carefully sketched in
stood before me a full-blown flower.

With this flower I associate one of the finest orange groves
it was my pleasure to visit while on the coast. I had finished
my work and was starting back to my hotel, when I met a little
boy — a manly little fellow about four years old. He was walking
in the center of the road, and with each step a little cloud of dust
followed him. He seemed so interested in these little whirl-
winds he did not notice me until I spoke to him.

" Where are you going, my little man ?"

34 WILD FLOWERS OF THE PACIFIC COAST.

" I's doing home," with a vigorous kick at the dust.

" Where is your home, little boy ? '

"In heben," he answered.

I was amused by his answer, and leading him by the hand
to a large stone by the roadside, I sat down and questioned him.
I found out the little fellow was lost. He did not know in which
direction was his home, as he said all of them were right. He
wanted to sit on my lap. I took him up, and in a few moments
the tired little fellow lay in my arms, asleep.

The situation was growing interesting. There I sat on the
highway with a strange little boy in my arms sound asleep. I
was wondering what I should do with him, when a carnage

O <~J

drawn by foaming horses came dashing down the road. As they
came near me, I heard a scream, so sudden and painful I nearly
dropped the child from my lap from fright. The horses stopped,
a woman jumped out, and running toward me, she called, "Oh,
Richie, darling, has mamma found you ? " and almost snatched
the boy from my arms. If she was glad to find her child, I was
more than pleased to have him found. Gathering up my
sketches, I was about to " move on," when the mother rushed
at me.

"Oh, tell me, where did you find my darling ? I have been
nearly wild ! ' I explained, and then she discovered the sketches
in my hand. Soon we were very good friends. It ended in my
driving with them to their home in one of those beautiful groves
of orange trees, from the odor of which one could imagine the
procession of a thousand brides passing.

WILD PEONY.

Southern California has many beautiful towns ; one of them
is Pasadina. Its fine situation, even and delightful climate,
make it one of the favorite resorts for both winter and summer.

It is in this lovely place the celebrated Raymond Hotel is
situated. In the distance can be seen "Old Baldy" covered with
snow, and nearer the magnificent range of the Sierra Madre
mountains. Below, and at the very foot-hills, fine ranches can be
easily traced by their rich fields of growing grain, and here and
there the golden poppy claims the ground, and looks like a bright
yellow carpet. So vivid is its color that patches of them can be
seen for miles.

It was my good fortune to be entertained, while stopping in
this charming place, by a lady whose home was on the ridge,
and in the midst of a fine orange grove. On the trees could be
seen oranges, ripe and green, and orange blossoms. It seemed so
strange to me to see the blossoms on the same tree with the ripe
fruit. The odor from this grove of orange trees was delicious.
The early morning was to me the pleasantest part of the day.
I was assigned the task of picking the oranges for breakfast,
after being taught to know the full ripe ones, which I assure you
is a great knowledge.

The pretty little cottage was nearly covered with rose-vines.
They ran far up on the roof, and were just coming into blossom.
The place seemed like fairy-land. Who could not be happy in

36 \VILU FLOWERS OF THE PACIFIC COAST.

such a home with such surroundings ? Just back of the house
was the "Arroyo," and I was told it was a perfect garden of
wild flowers. A path well trod by lovers of Nature led me
down to the very bed of the river.

It was here I found the peony, a bush here and there, the
branches lying on the ground. In growth they resemble the
cultivated peony ; the flower, as you see, being much smaller,
but extremely rich in color.

There is something about the blossom of the wild peony
that reminds me of a human face, and to this one with its face
turned toward me, I felt like apologizing for disturbing it.

On my walk back to the house I passed many varieties,
and marked the spot of those I wished to secure, and promised
each an early visit.

The sun had set long before I reached the ridge, and near
the top I found my friend anxiously waiting my return.

"You have remained out too late," she said. "The Arroyo
is a dangerous place after the sun has disappeared from it."

"Tramps!' I asked in alarm.

"Oh! no, no tramps, but those that tramp in it are in
danger from the damp chilly air that takes the place of the sun-
shine. But come, a good hot cup of tea will make you all right."

Every moment spent in and near this beautiful place was a
delight to me. The days were too short, was the only regret I
had while here, but every hour from the moment the sun made
its appearance until it disappeared, found me, like the lovely
flowers, enjoying its rays, and like them I thrived on it.

CHINESE- CIGARETTE-BLOSSOM

CHINESE CIGARETTE BLOSSOM.

While I was visiting Pasadina, my friend took me to drive,
and we paid a visit to that most interesting of all missions, "San
Gabriel."

The Spanish woman in charge was found. She came with
the huge key in her hand. She looked at us for a moment, then
opened the great door with her great key and walked in ; we fol-
lowed. As we stepped upon the stone floor, worn smooth with
the thousands of feet belonging to the thousands of souls now in
eternity, a feeling of awe came over me. The Spanish guide
motioned us to go up to the chancel. I would have obeyed her
had she commanded me to kneel, or take any other position, so
helpless and insignificant did I feel. We went up to the chan-
cel and the guide pointed to the altar; not a word did she speak.
I wished she would, but I had not the courage to address her in
this sacred ancient place. The carvings and brasses about the
altar were quaint and very old. My friend, who was a good
Christian woman, whispered, " Do you believe these carvings
represent the Apostles?" I could not answer her, neither could
I prevent a smile. Oh ! fatal smile ; the guide saw it, and with
her finger motioned us toward the door. We walked out like

o

two culprits, and if the little windows had not been up very near
the roof, I am sure I should have tried to escape through one.

At the door we met a party coming in. Their guide was a
Spaniard and spoke English. He handed his party over to the

38 WILD FLOWERS OF THE PACIFIC COAST.

silent Spanish woman, and asked most politely " if he could be
of any service to us." I told him of my errand and desire to
secure something from this interesting place. He "would be
most happy, senora," and leading us through the old house of the
priests into the grounds of the mission, we found ourselves among
the tombs of the monks, one of which attracted my attention. It
seemed the oldest. The inscription was entirely gone, and across
the top the bees were going in and out through a large crack. It
made me think of the court riddle so familiar to all, " As they
went out and in again, from the dead the living came," etc.

Growing near, with its branches shading the tomb, was a
Chinese cigarette bush. I selected this bunch of blossoms in my
sketch because it was the nearest to the tomb and the wind swayed
it back and forth over the ashes of the monk who had rested
there more than a hundred years.

The missions of California are very old and interesting.
Lower California was entered by the Jesuit missionaries in 1697.
The first mission founded was in 1769. They built in all
twenty-one mission establishments. The last built was in 1820.

They selected for their sites the garden spots of the penin-
sula, and throve remarkably until 1822, when Mexico became
independent of Spain. This event was a death-blow to the
Franciscans' establishments, and from that time forward they lost
ground, and in 1840 were broken up altogether.

>.

WILD HELIOTROPE.

It was my second day at Los Angeles when some friends
calling, said, "We are going in the country for the day, will you
come with us ? '

"Yes, I would be so glad to go." W7e drove toward
Pasadina, and when a few miles out we chose a pretty spot,
cool and shady, and prepared to remain the clay.

The country between Pasadina and Los Angeles is very
beautiful, and the place chosen for our picnic commanded a
view of the country for miles around. In the distance we could
see the handsome hotel called "The Raymond," a portion of
Pasadina and the City of Los Angeles.

A new town was being laid out near, and the hundreds of
men in their red flannel shirts, with shovel and spade glistening
in the sunshine as they flew in and out the ground, made a pretty
picture.

I found many varieties of wild flowers here : the Mariposa
lily in great abundance, and was about to choose it for my study,
when a little girl in our party came running to me.

"Oh ! come and see what a beautiful flower I have found.
I did not pick it, for there were no others like it. Do come."

I went with the child down in a ravine, and there found
growing on a little mound this lovely heliotrope. It stood alone
with the lavender blossoms on the very top, spread out like
little plumes. I thought it so beautiful and wonderful. It was

40 WILD FLOWERS OF THE PACIFIC COAST.

the first wild heliotrope I had ever seen. Since then I have
seen acres of them in full bloom, but they have not lost their
beauty, and will always remain my favorite flower.

I gave this sketch more time than any other in my collection,
the flower is so finely marked and delicate in its growth.

A stranger entering Los Angeles finds it difficult to under-
stand what nationality claims the city. We see the little adobe
houses of the Mexicans, the most of them with no windows, the
door letting in the only light. Now and then a Mexican family
can be seen sitting on the steps and in the doorway chatting and
laughing and seemingly very happy.

A little further on the Chinaman places his name above the
door, and one is told in very bad English that Wang Lee and
Wong Tong and many other Wangs and Tongs will do your
washing cheap.

We turn the corner of the street and meet the Spanish
woman with her headdress of Spanish lace, and her coal-black
eyes that are ready to snap if you do not give her more than half
the sidewalk. And, anxious to give her all, we run against an
Italian, whose tall, slender figure looks taller as we make our
apologies and he bows in turn his acknowledgment.

A Frenchman waits upon us at table and a German servant
will tell you the city was settled by her country people.

Americans you find here, some for their health, others for
the lovely climate, choosing it for their winter home.

Flowers blossom all winter long in the gardens, like a per-
petual spring.

' - • ' •- •.

"TIDY-TIPS."

Does this bright stylish blossom look as if it could in any
way be connected with a Chinaman ? Well, it is, for to one I
am indebted for it.

It was while I was at Santa Barbara a young Chinaman
was the chambermaid of the house in which I was stopping. He
did up my room promptly and neatly ; he always wore white and
it was white, not a spot or wrinkle in his suit.

While at Santa Barbara I made many sketches, finding the
flowers at this place very fine.

I noticed that John made numerous trips near my table
while tidying up my room, and I know he was watching my
brush as it washed in the colors.

Spending a morning out in search of something new, and
not finding it, I came home tired, and I fear a little cross. I met
John near the door, but did not notice him, and went directly
into my room. There I found in a glass of water on my table
these handsome tidy-tips.

" Oh," I exclaimed, " they are just what I have been look-
ing for! Where did they come from?" They were prettily
arranged and looked fresh, as if just picked. There was no
card. I would go to the office and inquire.

As I went out into the hall, there stood John, and smilingly
asked :

"You likee?"

42 WILD FLOWERS OF THE PACIFIC COAST.

" Oh, yes ; very much. Where did you get them ?"

" Woods, pickey," and he was gone

When my sketch was finished, I asked him how he liked
them.

He danced about, first on one foot and then on the other,
and grinned.

" Me likee much ; me likee big ! '

We hear much about the Chinamen, and little in their favor,
but during my stay on the coast, I found them excellent servants.

While in San Francisco I went with a large party of friends,
protected by a detective, to the Chinese quarters. I went into
the cellars, and saw the old blind woman and her cats, "the joss
house ' and the opium dens, and saw the inhabitants stowed
away like so many sardines. But I must not surround my pretty
tidy-tips with this dense atmosphere. They came from the
lovely woods where the air is pure, and the sunshine beautifies
every thing it shines upon. There is no place it shines more
beautifully than at Santa Barbara. My visit there was after the
rainy season, and every thing in Nature was fresh and lovely.
The clouds had disappeared, the small white watering-pots of
heaven, each one trying to outdo the other in their sprinkle,
had exhausted themselves and floated away to rest, leaving the
sky clear and blue for the rest of the year.

SNOW PLANT.

After our arrival in the Yosemite Valley my first inquiry
was :

"Where shall I be likely to find the snow plant?"

"On Glacier Point," answered the polite attendant.

"I will go there; how soon can I leave?" He looked at
me a moment before answering: "You are obliged to start in the
morning. It is a day's trip, and you need three very important
things : A steady head, a good horse, and an experienced
guide."

" I have the head, and if you will engage for me the horse
and guide, I will be ready to start in the morning." An English
friend and his wife joined me, and we left the next morning at
seven o'clock. Our guide was one of the best in the valley, an
Indian by birth.

Our horses were regular trail horses, and were not to be
guided, so we gave them the rein but kept a firm hold for fear
of their stumbling.

About half way up, and as we came to a wider trail, called
the " meeting place," I ventured to look down. Never shall I
forget the sight. It happened to be directly opposite the
Yosemite Falls. The day before I had looked at them from the
porch of my hotel, and thought them thousands of feet high ;
now I looked down upon them, and could see the river on the
mountain which gave them their supply. They were grand

44 WILD FLOWERS OF THE PACIFIC COAST.

beyond description. On comes the river until it reaches the
edge of the precipice, then it becomes a raging, roaring mass,
sending thousands of glistening diamonds into the beautiful veil
of soft mist below.

Our guide reminds us it is time to start ; we mount our
horses and turn with regret from the beautiful sight. The path
now becomes more narrow, the turns sharper and more difficult.
On one side the mountain, on the other, and within a few inches,
a chasm over two thousand feet deep. We are silent, not a word
is spoken until the English lady exclaims to her husband, who is
just behind her, " Oh, John! take me off or I shall drop my
head."

" Keep your seat, madam," shouts the guide — " in a moment
we shall be on Glacier Point ; " and so we were. Suddenly
the path widens, and we find ourselves on a beautiful plateau,
with a forest of trees in front of us, at the edge of which stands a
pretty little hotel.

After a good luncheon, I start out with the guide to find the
much-coveted snow plant. After riding through the wood for a
mile or so, we find three fine specimens. The snow was just
disappearing from the ground around them, and they looked like
little monuments of red ice glistening in the sunshine. It is
their own natural glisten that makes them so wondrously beau-
tiful. The color and drawing of my sketch is correctly given ;
but for the "glisten," think of it as a mold of red ice, this shape
and color, with the bright sunshine upon it, and you have some
idea of the wonderful flower.

FORGET-ME-NOT.

It was while we were on Glacier Point, and after a good
night's rest, that we paid a visit to the Dome, a point in the
mountain the highest I ever wish to visit.

While our guide led the way through a forest of beautiful
trees, it was difficult to imagine ourselves on the top of a mount-
ain thousands of feet above the Yosemite Valley.

We follow on a well-beaten path, and as we ride along see
many varieties of wild flowers ; here and there the snow
plant stands, dignified and alone, like a little red sentinel keeping
watch over the aerial domain.

With every step we are going higher and higher, but so
gradually we do not notice it. Then the ride is so cool and
pleasant, we are thoroughly enjoying every moment. Here
and there we see lying on the ground the trunk of an immense
tree that is fast going to decay, and we know from the living
trees and their reputation for hard and lasting wood, that these
monsters must have lain there for scores of years; and while
every thing is so new and wonderful to us, it is not easy to
imagine it has been just the same, with the same trees and
rocks, for thousands and thousands of years.

The absence of birds was noticeable. Not a note did I
hear while making this trip to the Dome, and yet the place was
most inviting for them. They may be there at different seasons
of the year, and it may be some important meeting called them

WOOD LILY.

This pretty cluster of lilies I found in the woods in the
northern part of Oregon, through which runs the Oregon Short
Line Railroad.

Long before the train stopped for dinner, I had noticed little
white flowers along the road-side, but so swiftly did we go
I could not tell even the shape of the blossoms. When the
dinner station was reached, I had a promise from the conductor
that he would not leave me ; so, while the others were taking
their dinner, I went into the woods and found this pretty cluster
of white lilies. They grow in little clumps, just as I have given
them to you. I carefully dug up this bunch, and arrived at the
car just as the passengers were ready to enter it.

Making inquiries, I found I could spend the night and day
at the little house used for an eating station, and I decided to
remain over until the next train.

I spent the afternoon in making my sketch. Having given

up my dinner, I relished an early tea. Then came the twilight,

-a scene I shall ever remember. The sky became a delicate

pink, then gold, as the setting sun disappeared behind the

forest. The voice of the birds was hushed.

The little house which was to shelter me for the night was the
only one for miles around, and was situated in the heart of the
great woods. It was so quiet and peaceful, a rest I had not known
for weeks came to me. The people who kept the place seemed

48 WILD FLOWERS OF THE PACIFIC COAST.

to feel the same quiet, and did not, as was often my experience,
ask questions. The longest remark put to me during that
beautiful twilight was :

" If you think this is fine, get up at five o'clock to-morrow
morning. It'll pay you. The birds will keep you company
-plenty of music then."

I took the advice, and, as has been said, " it paid me." As
the sun cast its glorious rays above the tree-tops, it seemed as if
thousands of birds sang to it their welcoming song. The fresh
morning air, laden with the perfume of the woods, with its
countless varieties of wild flowers, was so sweet and refreshing
I wished the whole world, or the people in it, could enjoy it.

From this little station to Portland was just a day's ride.
The following morning found us gliding along by the side of the
Columbia River, whose scenery I consider far more grand
and beautiful than the scenery along the Hudson River. The
banks of the Columbia are covered with beautiful trees and
flowering shrubs. Waterfalls that resemble the falls in the
Yosemite meet the eye as we pass along. The river is as clear
as crystal, and the reflections of the mountains are so perfect one
can scarcely tell which are the real.

Beautiful ferns and flowers are everywhere. Just before
reaching Portland and at the foot of the "Bridal Veil Falls,"
I saw some ferns that surpassed in beauty any I had ever seen
under careful cultivation. Holding their stems up straight, they
came far above my head, and were as fine and delicate as the
" maiden's hair" fern.

.

AZALEA.

It was while visiting the Mariposa grove of big trees I
found the azalea: a fine shrub growing from four to six feet high,
and bearing a blossom large, and rich in color, from pure white
to a deep pink ; I am told the red and crimson are found,
but I did not see them.

This little bunch I have given you in my sketch I prized
above all others I saw while in the valley.

We were on our way to the grove. The horses were
walking, and we were admiring the beautiful scenery, when suddenly
we heard a " Hello!' and the echo answered "Hello!!" The
driver stopped his horses and looked back. " Oh, it's old
Rippen," and he called, "Come on, I'll wait for you."

An old man came panting up the hill.

" I knew you would, Jim. I thought this was your day.
Load light or heavy ? "

" Neither ; but room enough for you. Take the back seat."

As he climbed in I saw in his hand a bunch of azaleas, the
most beautiful blossoms I had ever seen. He saw me looking
at them, and said, "Fine, ain't they? You'd see nothing like
them in the valley. I went out of my way purpose for them. I
press flowers, madam, and there ain't much in the valley but
what I have in my collection. Have you noticed the trees ?'

" Yes, I have, and greatly admired them." And I soon
discovered that this old man possessed a knowledge of the trees

5O WILD FLOWERS OF THE 1'ACIFIC COAST.

to be envied. He knew the name of every tree from the largest
to the smallest shrub.

The trees of California, especially in the Yosemite, have a
grandeur of character hardly surpassed in any part of the world.
Of the pines, the sugar pine (Pinus Lambertiana) I think the
finest, often reaching three hundred feet in height, straight and

o o o

dignified in its bearing, with the trunk clear of limbs for twenty
and often thirty feet from the base. To stand on the ground and
look up at its top branches is like looking miles high, and one
can imagine the sun shining on its highest leaves, while night
has nearly overtaken the enormous roots that arc in places from
one to three feet above the ground — come out, as it were, to look
after its young branches that every year are growing further and
further away from their parental care.

Of the other trees seen on our trip, one I remember with
special interest is the red wood (S. sempervirens). Magnificent
forests of the red wood are found in the counties north of San
Francisco Bay, and are limited exclusively to this one species.

Another beautiful tree is the laurel (Tetranthera Califor-
nica).

The well-known ornamental tree, the Pinus Insignis, found
near Monterey, and the cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa), of
which there is a magnificent grove at Cypress Point, are valuable
to the State. These are but a few of the names of her grand
collection, and California has cause to feel proud of the finest
collection of woods in the world.

SPOTTED LILY.

Every tourist who goes into the Yosemite Valley is visited
soon after his arrival by a young man, who informs him of
the many places of interest, how to get to them, what hour to
start, and all information that it is possible to give concerning
them.

You can visit all, or if you are proof against persuasion,
you can make your choice. I would advise you to make as first
choice after the long stage ride, a visit to " Mirror Lake " and
through the valley. It is easy, restful and grand.

To see the perfect reflection you must be at the lake just
as the sun is rising. The morning I went we arrived there,
our guide said, at precisely the right moment. The lake was
waveless as a silver floor, the reflection perfect. As we look we
see Cloud's Rest, and the little flag is waving. Oh ! and there
is " Mount Watkins," and yonder " South Dome." The sun is
shining on the cathedral spires and reflected on " El Capitan."
As we gaze down into the lake we wonder which is the real,
and wondering we become infatuated with the scene, and gaze
until the guide reminds us the time is up. As I turned from
the lake I changed my position and gave another look, and saw
in the water these pretty spotted lilies I have given you.
The colors were as bright in the shadow as those in the sketch.

O

they were the only lilies growing near the lake, and I thought

52 WILD FLOWERS OF THE PACIFIC COAST.

them worthy of being reflected on paper, and a pretty souvenir
of one of the most beautiful lakes in the world.

We continued our drive through the valley, and our guide
took us as far as " Inspiration Point." Words are too tame
and insignificant to describe the view from this point.
In front " El Capitan " stands in one magnificent perpendicular
line from base to summit, three thousand feet high, standing
guard over the valley broad. Opposite this mighty monster,
and falling at its very feet, as if doing homage to its greatness,
is the " Bridal Veil Falls." Beautiful, fleecy, swaying foam,
bounding through the air nearly a thousand feet, and casting
its spray like a blessing on all who pass it.

Next is seen the Three Graces, with the soft purple shadows
thrown like garments about them, and then the ''South Dome,"
and further on the summit of " Cloud's Rest ;" and now we are
in the valley, and driving quietly by the side of the lovely
Mercede River we pass the wigwams of some of the native
Indians who act as guides and fishermen in the valley. They
will catch the speckled trout when other fishermen, with their
fine fishing-tackle, leave discouraged. The women pick berries
and sell them at the hotels, and their bright and artistic dress
adds much to the beauty of the surroundings.

Our guide takes us to see the site selected for the grand
hotel which is to be built ; then to our hotel where breakfast
awaits us : the spray of the Yosemite Falls cooling the air,
while we eat the trout caught by our guide in the early morning
before our start.

SALMON BLOSSOMS AND PINK GRASS.

The advertised time for the steamers to leave Portland for
San Francisco is midnight. Long before that hour the pas-
sengers had taken possession of their state-rooms. At ten o'clock
the main saloon presented a gay scene. We had three bridal
parties on the boat. Each bride had her many friends, and each
friend brought flowers. The odor of the flowers, the merry
voices of the bright young people, and the many colored lights
from the handsome chandelier thrown upon them, made a bright
and pretty picture.

By eleven o'clock the saloon was quiet, all had retired, and
when the huge wheels turned quickly in their start, sleep had
taken possession of the passengers.

The early morning found us on the Columbia River. The
sight that greeted us as we came out on the guards was grand
and impressive. Hundreds of small salmon fishing smacks could
be seen in every direction as we neared Astoria. The fisher-
men had stretched enormous nets across the river, and on two
occasions our steamer cut through them, much to the con-
sternation of their owners, who, seeing the danger, vigorously
attempted to draw them in, but were obliged to abandon them as
the great steamer cut its way, regardless of the damage it was
doing to the valuable property of the fishermen.

Salmon fishing is the principal occupation of the male
population of Astoria. A man owning his little sailboat and
fishing nets is considered to have a good start in life. Immense

54 WILD FLOWERS OF THE PACIFIC COAST.

canning factories arc situated here, and the finest canned
salmon used in this country comes from Astoria.

The captain informed us our stop at Astoria would last for
several hours, as the freight from this point was very heavy.
The little town is built on the side of a hill, and commands
a fine view of the river and surrounding country.

We walked to the top of the principal street to see what
once bore the dignified name of " fort," and was told that " Right
here on this spot John Jacob Astor built his forf and made his
first trade for furs with the Indians." On the very top of the
mound grew this fine salmon blossom, and a few feet away a bed
of tall pink grass, the finest I had ever seen. It waved and
nodded in the warm breeze, as if inviting me to select its finest
bunch to keep company with the pretty white blossoms that
had been its neighbors, and from whom it was loth to part
company.

Our stay at Astoria was quite long enough to give me time
for making my sketch, and by the time the "All aboard" was
called we were ready for the good dinner that was waiting for
us. How handsome the cabin looked with its two long tables,
every seat filled, and all seemingly bright and happy. The
brides had been ashore and gathered wild flowers, which were
artistically arranged in their belts. It was a pretty sight, and to
be witnessed but once on that trip. At three o'clock we crossed
the bar, and I, like the majority of the passengers, took my
berth, not to leave it again until the Golden Gate was reached,
and San Francisco was in sight.

MARIPOSA LILY.

It was on our way out from the grove of big trees that I
found this lovely lily,— a bed of them, in which I counted four-
teen distinct markings. Every passenger in the coach got out
to look at the bed. It was not large, being about four or five
yards in circumference, and looked as if planted and protected
by some careful hand. The flowers looked like so many but-
terflies, with wings outspread ready for flight, their rich colors
glistening in the sun.

Mariposa county is named for this flower, as also the grove
of trees we had just left.

A feeling of awe comes over me when I think of those
giants of the forest, standing here and there as guardians of
that mighty family.

With the exception of "The Brothers' they do not grow
close together, and if they continue to grow as much in the next
thousand years as they have in the past thousand, they have
made a wise choice in securing ground room for growth.

Much has been written of the " Wawona," and it is a
duty, as well as pleasure, for each visitor to drive through it.
Our coach, drawn by six horses, took us through the opening,
and plenty of room to spare. All of the large trees show signs
of fire being made on the side of them, and it is supposed the
Indians had their fire-worship here. I could well understand
their love and worship for these living gods. As Nature is

56 WILD FLOWERS OF TIIL PACIFIC COAST.

their worship, what could be more grand in nature than
these ?"

The tallest big tree yet discovered measures three hundred
and fifty-two feet in height. The circumference of the largest,
near the ground, sometimes reaches nearly one hundred feet ;
many are over fifty feet in circumference at six feet above the
ground.

The cones of the big trees are small, some of them only
one or two inches in length, but very regular and handsome.

We spent the first night out at Washburn's. The start in
the morning was at four o'clock. As we reached the top of the
first hill the sun was just coming up, and a more glorious sight
I never expect to witness. The grand forest on one side, with
its branches garlanded with golden moss, glistening with the first
rays of the rising sun. On the other side the valley below us,
with the sun shining through the rising mist. The spirited
horses seemed to feel the inspiration ; the leaders turned the
sharp angles in the most graceful manner. There were but two
passengers this morning, and we both had the box seat. 1 he
horses seemed to fly over the ground, up hill and down. We
held our breath for fear ; yet what seemed to us its element of
danger made the drive so much the more exciting.

We were told the railroad would soon reach Washburn's.
It will perhaps make it more comfortable for timid passengers,
but for me give me the coach-and-six. I would not exchange
that morning's drive for a ride in the finest palace car across the
Continent.

BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.

BUTTERCUPS.
Ranunculacice Californicus. Benth.

More or less pilose ; stems erect, or nearly so, twelve to eighteen inches high ; root
a cluster of somewhat thickened fibers ; radical leaves, commonly pinnately ternate, the
leaflets laciniately cut into three to seven lobes or parts, which are usually linear; flowers
five to ten lines in diameter; petals usually ten to fourteen, narrowly obovate ; sepals
shorter than the petals, reflexed ; akenes nearly two lines long, much flattened and with
sharp edges; beak short and curved; heads compact, ovate or globular (Brewer &
Watson).

EVENING PRIMROSE.

(Enothera Californica. Watson.

Hoary-pubescent and more or less villous ; stems herbaceous from a running root-
stock, decumbent, about a span long ; leaves narrowly oblanceolate, acuminate, mostly
petioled, sinuately toothed or irregularly pinnatifid two to four inches long; flowers large,
white, becoming pinkish, axillary (Brewer & Watson).

BURR-CLOVER.

Orthocarpus linearilobus. Benth.

A foot high, above with hirsute or somewhat hispid pubescence ; leaves with few or
several long and slender divisions ; floral ones equaling the densely spicate flowers, the
tips of their divisions commonly tinged with purple ; calyx-lobes much longer than the
tube and equaling that of the (purplish ?) corolla ; sacs of the latter narrow, tapering
gradually downward, much longer than deep ; the ovate-subulate teeth thickish and short
(Brewer & Watson).

58 BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.

BABY BLUE-EYES.

Nemophila Mcnziesii. Hook and Arn.

Leaves pinnately parted into seven to nine oblong and sometimes two to three lobed
small divisions ; corolla from light blue to nearly white, sprinkled with dark dots or spots,
at least toward the center or (in cultivation) the spots confluent into a brownish purple
eye ; its scales narrow and wholly adherent by 'one edge, the other edge densely ciliate ;
seeds oval or oblong, either even or more or less tuberculate when ripe.

Low or shady grounds not uncommon. Corolla from half an inch to near an inch
in diameter (Brewer & Watson).

YELLOW POPPY.

Eschscholtzia Californica. Cham.

Usually one to one and one-half feet high and rather stout, branching; flowers large,
two to four inches in diameter, usually brilliant orange in the center ; torus dilated and
often broadly rimmed ; capsule two and one-half inches long, curved ; seeds two-thirds of
a line in diameter, reticulated; rhaphe obscure (Brewer & Watson).

LARKSPUR.

Delphinium Calif or nicum. Torrey and Gray.

-Stems nearly or quite smooth below ; leaves large, three to five-cleft, the divisions
variously lobed ; racemes strict, close-flowered above ; pedicels and flowers densely,
velvety pubescent.

Dry soils near the coast. Stems stout, two or more feet high. Lower leaves three
to five inches in diameter, usually deeply five-cleft, the divisions cuneate at base and
laciniately toothed or lobed. Flowers commonly a light but dull blue, often more or less
tinged with violet (Brewer & Watson).

BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION. 59

WILD-THRIFT.

Mesembryanthemuni aquilaterale. Haworth.

Perennial, with stout prostrate or ascending stems, and short ascending flowering
branches, leaves very fleshy, opposite and clasping, linear, acutely triangular, one to three
inches long, smooth ; flowers solitary, red pedicellated or nearly sessile, about one and
one-half inches in diameter ; calyx tube turbinate, half an inch long or more, angled or
terete ; the larger lobes often as long ; stigmas six to ten (Brewer & Watson).

CLUSTER LILY.
Broditea capitata. Benth.

Leaves a foot long or more, two to ten lines wide, carinate, usually glaucous ; scape
a foot or two high, sometimes much shorter than the leaves ; flowers few to many, nearly
sessile or on pedicels one to six lines long; perianth rather broadly funnel-form, six to ten
lines long, from blue to purple or white ; inner anthers nearly sessile, linear, two lines
long, slightly shorter than the oblong lanceolate appendages ; the outer smaller, on
short, naked filaments broadly dilated at the base ; capsule ovate, sessile, three lines
long; beaked by the slender style nearly as long; seeds several in each cell, two lines
long (Brewer & \Vatson).

VIOLET.

Viola pcdunculata. Torrey and Gray.

Nearly glabrous, or somewhat puberulent, the ascending stems two to six inches
high, from a slender decumbent or procumbent base ; leaves rhombic-cordate, with base
usually truncate or abruptly cuneate, obtuse, one-half to one and one half inches long,
often small, coarsely crenate ; stipules foliaceous., narrowly lanceolate, entire or gashed ;
peduncles much exceeding the leaves ; flowers showy, deep yellow; sepals oblong-lanceo-
late, obtuse or acute ; petals six to nine lines long, the upper more or less tinged with
brown, on the outside, the others veined with purple, lateral petals bearded ; capsule
oblong-ovate, five to six lines long, glabrous (Brewer & Watson).

6O BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.

WILD VERBENA.

Abronia umbellata. Lam.

Perennial, prostrate, slender, viscidly puberulent, the stems often elongated, one to
three feet high ; leaves nearly glabrous, ovate to narrowly oblong, one to one and one-
half inches long, attenuate into a slender petiole, obtuse, the margin often somewhat
sinuate ; peduncles two to six inches long; involucral bracts, small, narrowly lanceolate,
two to three lines long, ten to fifteen-flowered ; perianth rose-colored, six to eight lines
long, with emarginate lobes ; fruit four to five lines long, nearly glabrous, the body
oblong, attenuate at each end ; the thin wings nearly as long, rounded, broadest above
and often truncate, narrowing downward to the base of the fruit ; akene one and one-half
lines long (Brewer & Watson).

BLUE-BELLS.
Pliacelia Wkitlavia. Gray.

About a foot high, loosely branching, hirsute and glandular, .eaves ovate or deltoid,
obtusely and incisely toothed, longer than the petiole ; raceme loose and elongating ;
tube of the violet (or rarely white) corolla an inch or so long, twice or thrice the length
of the rounded lobes and of the narrow calyx lobes ; stamens conspicuously exserted
(Brewer & Watson).

SNAP-DRAGON.

Mimulus lutens. Linn.

Erect or diffuse, from a fibrous annual root, and commonly perennial by short stolons,
glabrous or merely puberulent ; the ordinary erect form a foot or two or even three or four
feet high ; leaves ovate, oval or roundish, sometimes cordate, several-nerved from base
or near it, sharply and irregularly dentate, or the lower occasionally lyrate-laciniate ; the
upper sessile ; the floral becoming small and bract-like, often connate ; peduncles
becoming racemose, equaling or shorter than the flower; calyx becoming ovate — inflated
in fruit and the upper tooth conspicuously largest ; corolla from one and one-fourth to
one and three-fourths of an inch long, yellow, often dotted within and sometimes blotched
with brown-red or purple (Brewer & Watson).

BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION. 6 I

SHOOTING STAR.
Dodecatheon Meadia. Linn.

Leaves varying from obovate to lanceolate, entire or more or less toothed ; scope
three to fifteen inches high ; umbel two to twenty flowered. So far as we can make out
only one species occurs, which extends across the continent, and on the Pacific side
through fully forty degrees of latitude (viz.: from Gaudaloupe Island, Lower California,
to those within Behring Straits), varying immensely and inextricably. The Pacific forms
(which usually have rather shorter or blunter anthers than the Atlantic), may, as to their
leading features, be mainly but loosely arranged under many varieties (Brewer &
Watson).

WILD PEONY.

Pceonia Broivnii. Dougl.

Leaves thick, one or two-ternately, compound, the leaflets ternately and pinnately
lobed ; follicles three to five. San Bernardino to Vancouver and Western Utah, but
rare east of the Sierra Nevada. Stems ten to eighteen inches high, smooth, striate, erect
when growing, but gradually bending over until maturity, when the follicles rest on the
ground. Leaves glaucous beneath, either glaucous or glabrous above. Sepals green,
sometimes quite unequal in size. Petals scarcely larger than the sepals, thick and
leathery, dull, dark red. Follicles very leathery, smooth, erect, one to one and one-half
inches long. This plant endures a great range of station and climate, from wet to very
dry soils, and from the hot plains of Southern California to near the confines of perpetual
snow on the mountains (Brewer & Watson).

CHINESE CIGARETTE BLOSSOM.

Nicotiana glauca. Graham.

Arborescent, soft-woody below, glaucous and glabrous ; leaves long-petioled, ovate
and subio-ordate, entire or repand ; flowers loosely paniculate ; corolla greenish, becoming
yellow, inch or two long, tubular, contracted at throat, and with erect five-crenate limb
not longer than the orifice. — Bot. Mag. t. 2837. Native of Buenos Ayres, not rare in
cultivation, rather widely naturalized in S. California and S. Texas.

62 BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.

WILD HELIOTROPE.
Phacelia tanacetifolia. Bentk.

Erect, one to three feet high, roughish-hirsute or hispid; leaves nine to seventeen,
divided into linear or oblong-linear once or twice pinnately-parted or cleft divisions, all
sessile or nearly so; the lobes small and mostly linear-oblong ; spikes cymosely clustered,
at length elongated ; the very short pedicels ascending or erect ; corolla light violet or
bluish ; stamens and style usually very much exserted ; calyx-lobes linear or linear
spatulate, not twice the length of the oval or oblong-oval capsule (Brewer & Watson).

TIDY-TIPS.

Gaillardia aristata. Pursh.

Perennial, a span to a foot or more high ; lowest leaves spatulate or oblanceolate,
sometimes pinnatifid, tapering into petioles ; the upper sessile and often entire ; bristles
on the receptacle slender, much longer than the akenes, sometimes almost as long as the
corolla ; rays ten to eighteen, an inch or more in length, yellow, sometimes tinged with
purple at the very base.

Plains and open ground, common through Oregon, extending to the Saskatchewan
region.

SNOW PLANT.

Sar codes sanguined. Torrey.

A stout, fleshy herb, a span or two in height, of a bright red color, more or less
glandular-pubescent, thickly clothed, at least up to the raceme, with firm, fleshy scales ;
the lower ones ovate and closely imbricated, the upper gradually more scattered, narrower,
and passing into the linear bracts, which mostly exceed the flowers, their margins
glandular-ciliate ; pedicels erect, at least the upper ones short ; corolla half an inch long,
rather fleshy, glabrous.

In coniferous forests, especially those of Sequoia and Abies, through the Sierra
Nevada, from four thousand to nine thousand feet, shooting forth and flowering as soon
as the snow melts away (Brewer & Watson).

BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION. 63

FORGET-ME-NOT.
Mertensia Sibirica. Don.

Smooth and glabrous or nearly so, a foot or more high, rather succulent, leafy; leaves
pale, ovate-lanceolate or oblong, acute, two to five inches long, or the lowest larger and
broader, minutely ciliate ; (lowers at first clustered ; corolla half an inch or less long, much
longer than the oblong, obtuse divisions of the calyx ; the five-cleft limb about half the
length of the tube ; stamens protruding out of the throat, and the capillary style early
projecting beyond the lobes (Brewer & Watson).

WOOD-LILY.
Erythronium grandiflorum. Pursh.

Corm narrow, often two inches long ; leaves not mottled, always closely approximate,
oblong-lanceolate, acute or acutish and with broad and usually short petioles, three to four
inches long, by one to two wide ; flowers solitary, or often in a raceme of two or six or
more, yellow or cream color, with a more or less orange base ; segments lanceolate, and
somewhat acuminate, strongly recurved, one to two inches long, filaments long and slen-
der ; anthers three to five lines long ; ovary and capsule narrowly oblong, narrowing to a
short stipe ; capsule an inch long or more (Brewer & Watson).

AZALEA.
Rhododendron occidentals. Gray.

Shrub two to six feet high, leaves obovate-oblong, sometimes approaching lanceolate,
bright green and shining above, minutely pubescent, glabrate, the margins minutely hispid-
ciliate ; scales of the flower-bud somewhat canescent ; flowers appearing after the leaves;
sepals distinct, oblong or oval, conspicuous ; corolla minutely viscid, pubescent outside,
white (sometimes slightly rosy), with the upper lobe yellow inside ; the> narrow funnel-
form tube equaling the deeply five-cleft slightly irregular limb ; the lobes ovate ; stamens
and style much exserted, moderately curved; capsule oblong (Brewer & Watson).

64 BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.

SPOTTED LILY.

Liliuin Columbianum. Hanson.

Bulb small (one and one-half to two inches in diameter), with lanceolate, acute,
closely-appressed whitish scales ; stems two to three feet high or more, slender ; leaves in
whorls of five to nine or sometimes more, the upper and lower scattered, oblanceolate,
two to four inches long and six to fifteen lines wide, acute, smooth ;' flowers few to many,
scattered, on slender, curving, more or less divergent pedicels, three to six inches long ;
segments one and one-half to two inches long and four to six lines wide, strongly revo-
lute, bright reddish orange, thickly-spotted ; stamens about equaling the style, twelve to
fifteen lines long, with yellow, oblong anthers, two to three lines long ; capsule short,
oblong, an inch long, acutely six-angled (Brewer & Watson).

SALMON-BLOSSOM AND PINK GRASS.

•
Rubus Nutkanus, Mocino.

Stems erect or drooping, three to eight feet high ; bark green and smooth or more
or less glandular-pubescent, becoming brown and shreddy ; leaves palmately and nearly
equally five-lobed, cordate at base, unequally serrate, four to twelve inches broad, the
lobes acute or acuminate, glabrous or somewhat tomentose, the veins beneath as well as
the petioles and peduncles usually more or less hispid with gland-tipped hairs ; stipules
lanceolate acuminate ; flowers rather few, white, an inch or two broad ; calyx densely
tomentose, carpels very numerous, tomentose ; fruit large and pleasantly flavored
(Brewer & Watson).

MARIPOSA LILY.

Calochortus. Pursh.

Perianth deciduous, of six distinct species; segments, the three outer lanceolate,
greenish and more or less sepaloid, the inner mostly broadly cuneate-obovate, usually
with a conspicuous glandular pit near the base and very variously colored.

This is perhaps a form of Calochortus luteus. Dougl.

13 6879

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