Renovate. We couldn’t think of a better name for wetland and lake restoration. Renovate is a systemic herbicide which controls the entire plant. Renovate rapidly enters plants through leaf and stem uptake, moving throughout plant tissues and downward into the roots disrupting the plant’s growth metabolism. Renovate stimulates uncontrolled growth that results in bending and twisting of stems and leaves — “epinasty” — and ultimately results in the collapse of the plant Eurasian Watermilfoil Purple Loosestrife Alligator Weed Untreated 1 week after treatment 4 weeks after treatment Eurasian Watermilfoil treated with Renovate (1 ppm), shows the eventual collapse of the plant structure below the surface of the water. And because Renovate is very effective on broadleaf plants, while leaving beneficial native grasses untouched, it accelerates habitat “renovation.” SePR© Water Hyacinth Renovate’s selective, systemic chemistry is an outstanding partner in rotation with biological control agents and is an excellent choice for use in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs. And Renovate’s formulation is compatible with other aquatic herbicides, adjuvants, and surfactants providing greater application flexibility — outperforming comparable application programs. For more information about Renovate, contact your SePRO Aquatic Specialist, or call us at 1 - 800 - 419 - 7779 . Visit our web site at www.SePRO.com. Available in 2.5 gallon containers SePRO Corporation 1 1550 North Meridian Street, Suite 600, Carmel, IN 46032 ■ ‘ fc.' • L ' J New from the Aquatic Prescription Specialists RenovateAquat c Hetttcide Introducing the newest aquatic herbicide development in over 15 years, Renovate aquatic herbicide. Renovate was designed to be effective on submersed, emersed and floating aquatic plants — a feature that allows Renovate to restore wetlands, marshes and shorelines as well as lakes, ponds and canals. With its highly effective systemic mode of action, Renovate provides selective control to help restore aquatic habitats knotted with nuisance and exotic plants including Eurasian Watermilfoil, Purple Loosestrife, Water Hyacinth, and Alligator Weed among others. Renovate was developed to control submersed, emersed and floating aquatic plants such as: @2003 SePRO Corporation. Renovate is a registered trademark of Dow AgroSciences and manufactured for SePRO Corporation. Always read and follow label directions before buying or using this product. FLORIDA EXOTIC PEST PLANT COUNCIL Officers Jim Burney, Chair Aquatic Vegetation Control, Inc. 561/845-5525 L1J2@ aol.com Dianne Owen, Secretary Florida Atlantic University 954-236-1085 dowen@ fau.edu Kristina Kay SerbesofF-King, Treasurer The Nature Conservancy 561-744-6668 kserb eso ffking® tnc . o rg Karen Brown, Editor University of Florida Center for Aquatic & Invasive Plants 352/392-1799 kpb@ mail.ifas.ufl.edu Mike Bo die, Immediate Past Chair South Florida Water Management District 561/682-6132 mbodle@ sfwmd.gov Directors Boger Clark (1st year) Lee County Parks & Recreation 239/461-7453 Roger@leegov.com Drew Leslie ( 1st year) Florida DEP Bureau of Invasive Plant Management 850/245-2822 Drew.Leslie@ dep.state.fl.us Cressida Silvers (1st year) USDA/ARS 954/475-0541 ext. 144 csilvers@ saa.ars.usdagov Jim Duquesnel (1st year) Florida Park Service 305/451-1226 james.g.duquesnel@ dep.state.fl.us Robert Egan (2nd year) Habitat Restoration Resources 239/574-8173 HabitatRR@yahoo.com Amy Ferriter (2nd year) South Florida Water Management District 561/687-6097 aferrite@ sfwmd.gov Matthew King (2nd year) Palm Beach County 561/233-2400 mking@ co.palm-beach.fl.us Chris Lockhart (2nd year) Habitat Specialists, Inc. 561/738-1179 chris@habitatspecialists.com Committee Chairs By-laws Dennis Giardina 941/657-7637 Dennis_Giaidina@ lws.gov CAST Representative Dennis Giardina Ken Langeland (alternate) Editorial Karen Brown Education Leesa Souto Midwest Research Institute 321/723-4547 Ext. 200 lsouto@ mriresearch.org FNGA/FLEPPC Liaison Doria Gordon University of Florida The Nature Conservancy 352/392-5949 dgordon@botanyufl.edu -and- JB Miller Florida Park Service 904/794-5959 milleijb® aug.com Legislative Matthew King Local Arrangements Mike Bo die Membership Katy Roberts 727/726-1455 kroberts@ij.net Merchandise Bill Snyder National Park Service 941/695-1231 Bill_ Snyd er@ np s. go v Nominations Mike Bo die Outreach Tbm Fucigna CZR Inc. 561/747-7455 tomfucignajr@hotmail.com Plant List Kathy Craddock Burks Florida Natural Areas Inventory 850/224-8207 Ext 210 kburks@ fnai.oig Program Chair Tbny Pemas Florida Caribbean Exotic Plant Management Tbam South Florida Ecosystem Office 305/224-4246 Tbny_Pemas@ nps.gov Research John Volin Florida Atlantic University 954/236-1115 jvolin@ fau.edu Training Jim Duquesnel Vendors Scott Ditmarsen Dow AgroSciences 813/866-7090 scditmarsen@ dow.com Webmaster Tbny Pemas Work Groups Australian Pine Robert Egan Brazilian Pepper Jim Cuda University of Florida Entomology Department 352/392-1901 Ext. 126 Jcuda@ ifas.ufl.edu Carrotwood Chris Lockhart Dioscorea Mike Bo die Grasses Greg MacDonald University of Florida Agronomy Department 352/392-1811 Ext. 228 gemac@ mail.ifas.ufl.edu Lygodium Amy Ferriter/Tbm Fucigna Skunkvine Brian Nelson SWFWMD 2379 Broad Street Brooksville, FL 34609-6899 352/796-7211 Brian.Nelson® swfwmd.state.fl.us Chinese Tallow Cheryl McCormick Cheryl® uga.edu Melaleuca Francois Laroche South Florida Water Management District 561/682-6193 flaroche@ sfwmd.gov SOUTHEAST EXOTIC PEST PLANT COUNCIL President Brian Bowen Tennessee Dept Environment and Conservation Division of Natural Heritage 615/532-0436 Brian.Bowen@ state, tn.us Vice President Joyce Bender Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission 502/573-2886 Joyce.Bender@ ky.us Secretary Kristen Gounaris Allen Richmond National Battlefield Park 804/795-5019 Kristen_Allen@ nps.gov Treasurer Tbny Pemas, Florida EPPC SE-EPPC Chapters and Regional Organizations: Alabama Florida Georgia Kentucky Mid-Atlantic Mississippi New England North Carolina South Carolina Tennessee USDA-Forest Service The Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council has not tested any of the products advertised or referred to in this publication, nor has it verified any of the statements made in any of the advertisements or articles. The Council does not warrant, expressly or implied, the fitness of any product advertised or the suitability of any advice or statements contained herein. Wildland Weeds Fall 2004, Volume 7, Number 4 Table of Contents 5 Air Potatoes Run Rampant by Karen Brown 6 Notes from the Lygodium Research Review Meeting by Jeff Hutchinson, Ken Langeland, and Amy Ferriter 9 Bureau of Invasive Plant Management Lygodium Strike Team 11 TN-EPPC Board of Directors 12 TN-EPPC Rims 10! 13 Tennessee Exotic Pest Plant Council’s Invasive Exotic Pest Plants List for 2004 17 National Park Service Exotic Plant Management Teams Invade the Southeast by Nancy Fraley, National Park Service 20 Exotic Plants Pose Serious Threat to City’s Parks and Greenways by Morgan Simmons 25 Internodes 27 Notes from the Disturbed Edge Visit these websites: Florida EPPC: www.fleppc.org Southeast EPPC: www.se-eppc.org Wildland Weeds (ISSN 1524-9786) is a quarterly publication of the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (F I EP PC) and the Southeast Exotic Pest Plant Council (SE-EPPC). Wildland Weeds is published to provide a focus for the issues and concerns regarding exotic pest plant biology, distribution and control. To become a mem- ber of FI EP PC or SE-EPPC and receive the Council newsletter and Wildland Weeds magazine, contact the respective Treasurer or website. Direct all editorial and advertising inquiries to: Karen Brown, Editor Wildland Weeds 7922 NW 71st Street Gainesville, FL 32653 352/392-1799; FAX 352/392-3462 kpb@ mail.ifas.ufl.edu Editorial Committee: Mike Bo die Kathy Craddock Burks Jim Cuda Tom Fucigna Ken Langeland Direct address changes to: Jackie Smith DEP - Invasive Plant Management 9737 Gumbo Limbo Lane Jensen Beach, FL 34957 561/722-2479 jackie.c.smith@ dep.state.fl.us Design by JS Design Studio . Printing by Storter Childs, Gainesville, FL. On the Cover: Pretty but perilous, Japanese grass ( Microstegium vimineum) is ranked as a severe threat by the Tennessee Exotic Pest Plant Council. See their 2004 list of Invasive Exotic Pest Plants starting on page 13. Photo by ED. Parr. WILDLAND WEEDS 3 editor’s note Dear Readers, On page 6, we report on the recent Iygodium Research Review meeting. You may have noticed that usually there is at least one meeting report in each issue of Wildland Weeds. Lest you think that we all spend our time at meetings every day, please know that you could not be more wrong! Exotic pest plants are exactly that: exotic! In most cases, little research has been done on controlling them. Researchers and managers, and future researchers and managers in the form of students, need to put their heads together often to share progress in management techniques, mapping methods, legislative issues, liaison activities with related groups (both like-minded and not), public education, cross-boundary management plans, plant invasion assessment and prediction systems, and so much more. Agricultural pest plants have decades of research and a lot of money behind them, but exotic pest plants in natural areas have only recently been addressed. As Thaddeus Hunt reported in our Spring 2004 issue, we need “...intellectual, practical, and social interac- tions to help close the race between exotic weed management and exotic weed anarchy.” If it takes a few meetings a year to accom- plish that, then so be it. Whether we work in the field, a lab, or an office, a change of scenery and a chance to interact with colleagues means progress in the preservation of our natural resources. Professors, land managers, agency and non-government organization personnel, please see the Request for Proposal (RFP) below and notify students of the research grants available through FLEPPC. Professors, if you have a student looking for a project or for fund- ing, help him or her work on a proposal. Land managers and others, if you have an exotic pest plant problem that needs research, con- tact a professor and let them know of the problem and the F LEP PC -RFP Grant money is available and should be put to good use. The deadline is soon, so act quickly! Please enjoy this Fall 2004 issue of Wildland Weeds. I would like to thank our supporters who make this publication possible. Please see the list of those who have sponsored this issue on page 27, and remember that we could not publish a magazine of this quality without them. We greatly appreciate their continued support! — Karen Brown, Editor REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS FOR INVASIVE PLANT RESEARCH Deadline: February 27, 2005 The Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (FLEPPC) has available funding for a small number of research grants/scholarships for students conducting stud- ies related to invasive exotic plant management in Florida. The deadline for proposal submission is February 27. 2005. Written propos- als should be no more than three pages in length and should request funding for no more than $2,500. The proposal should include a summary of the research project and its relationship with Florida exotic plant management problems. Particular plant species involved in the study should be one or more of the Category I or Category II exotic pest plant species listed by FLEPPC (see web site: www.fleppc.org). In addition, the applicant should provide complete contact information and detailed budget - with an expla- nation of how the funding will be used. Examples include (but are not limit- ed to) travel funds for field work, funds for research equipment or supplies (or temporary use of specialized equipment), stipend for applicant's project work time not otherwise supported, travel funds for presentation of the research, etc. In developing the budget, funds requested are to be used for the direct costs of conducting research on the proposed project and are not to be used for indirect costs incurred by the student’s university. Proposals will be evaluated and ranked on the critical management need for scientific results in the area of study and on the clarity of the submitted request. Basic eligibility requirements: To be eligible for funding, applicants must be an undergraduate or graduate student enrolled at an accredited institution of higher learning anywhere within the United States. However, the research must be on a listed Florida invasive plant (http://www.fleppc.org/Plant_list/list.htm). An accompanying letter of recommendation from a faculty advisor is strongly encouraged. Send proposals by e-mail, fax, or mail to: John C. Volin, Chair Research Committee, FLEPPC Florida Atlantic University 2912 College Ave. Davie, FL 3331 4 jvolin@fau.edu FAX - (954) 236-1099 office - (954) 236-1115 Proposals are due by 5:00 p.m. February 27, 2005. 4 FALL 2004 Air Potatoes by Karen Brown What started as a fun way to gain the attention of festival-goers at a spring garden event turned into an experiment to see just how far these amazing air potatoes would grow without soil, water, or direct sunlight. 236 air potato bulbils ( Dioscorea bulbifera) were counted into a glass vase as a contest to see who could guess the correct number. It was a popular contest with 83 people par- ticipating and a grand prize of a Florida native tree. The event took place on the first day of spring, March 20th, in Gainesville, Florida. Since the vase full of potatoes gen- erated a lot of lively discussion, the contest was repeated at the SE-EPPC/FLEPPC Symposium in late April, using the same batch of bulbils that had been left in the same vase. Following that event, they were left on a filing cabinet under fluorescent office lights until August 2nd, still with no water or soil added. By the end of the exper- iment, vines were growing into notebooks on a ceiling-level bookshelf and tiny bulbils were forming along the vines. Below are photographs arranged in a time sequence to show the prolific growth of this exotic pest plant. Photos by Michael Meisenburg. Tracking the growth of Dioscorea bulbifera March 20, 2004 April 23, 2004 May 13, 2004 May 28, 2004 dine 23, 2004 August 2, 2004 WILDLAND WEEDS 5 Notes from the lygodium Research Review Meeting by Jiff Hutchinson, Ken Langeland, and Amy Ferriter T he first day of the Second Lygodium Research Review kicked off with opening remarks by Dr. Patrick Gleason (former SFWMD Governing Board Member), who com- pared Old World climbing fern ( Lygodium microphyllum ) to “a plague of biblical proportions that is threatening the Everglades.” The meeting took place June 1-2 at the South Florida Water Management District office in West Palm Beach. Sixty-four participants represented federal, state and county agencies, universities, private conservation organizations and landowners. The purpose was to bring together land managers, researchers, program directors, funding agencies, industry rep- resentatives, and private landowners to review the current state of Old World climbing fern (OWCF) in south Florida and dis- cuss future directions needed to control this invasive fern. Amy Ferriter followed with a summary of what we did and did not know about OWCF in 1999 at the first Lygodium Research Review. What was not known in 1999 was compared to current knowledge, and work in progress was discussed. Topics focused on current research and land management activities involving Old World climbing fern and included: • Pattern recognition of OWCF using remote sensing • Reproductive biology, community ecology and landscape spread of OWCF • Modeling the spread of OWCF in the Loxahatchee NWR • Model development to identify the most effective treatment strategies for OWCF • Current status of biological control agent releases to control OWCF • Initiation of surveys to detect OWCF along the Lake Wales Ridge • Evaluation of Escort herbicide on OWCF • OWCF problems on Lykes Brothers properties in south Florida • Perspectives of private contractors • Funding sources for private and public lands • OWCF management in Everglades National Park, Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, Jonathan Dickinson State Park, and along the Florida TUmpike • South Florida Water Management District Lygodium Initiatives • Management of OWCF on Southwest Florida Water Management District Properties Lygodium engulfing cabbage palms. Questions that emerged from the management talks includ- ed: how often can an infestation be sprayed without damaging the integrity of the native vegetation?; What is the best time of year for initial treatment?; How long after initial treatment should re-treatment occur?; How many re-treatments are required for maintenance control?; Are field personnel contributing to the spread of spores from their clothing, shoes and equipment?; and, Is prescribed fire in OWCF areas good or bad for the natural community? Dr. John Volin’s research group at Florida Atlantic University presented results from a predictive model showing that area cover- age of OWCF in south Florida may exceed that of the other top invasive plants by 2014. Dr. Bob Pemberton of the USDA stated that the first release of a biological control agent, a pyralid moth ( Cataclysta camptozonale ), is scheduled for release in the fall of 2004. Several other biological control agents may be released within the next few years. Drew Leslie of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection’s Bureau of Invasive Plant Management (BIPM) stated that from 1998-2003, his agency awarded $6,422,432 to treat OWCF on public lands. New initiatives by BIPM for 2004 include the formation of a Lygodium Quick Strike force for rapid response continued on page 8 6 FALL 2004 DuPont \bgetation Management Portfolio It takes muscle to handle tough weeds and brush, ^bu need professional grade solutions from DuPont. Fbryears, DuPont has been the industry leader in vegetation management with a portfolio of time -proven products and new formulations providing you the power to tackle tough weeds. DuPont herbicides and brush control agents are convenient, cost-effective and backed by a team of professionals. If unwanted vegetation is getting to be a problem, take it up with Management. See your local DuPont Service Cbnter for more information. vegetationmanagement.dupont.com Always read and follow all label directions and precautions for use. The DuPont Oval, DuPont™, and The miracles of science™ are registered trademarks or trademarks of DuPont or its affiliates. Copyright © 2004 El. du Pont de Nemours and Company. All Rights Reserved. Marestail image courtesy of Dr. Fred Fishel, University of Missouri 03VEGM067P126AVA The miracles of science" Table 1 . Top five research priorities on Old World climbing fern for the next five years compiled by land managers, researchers, and program directors. LAND MANAGERS RESEARCHERS PROGRAM DIRECTORS 1. Optimal treatment time. 1. What are the limiting factors in OWCF’s growth. 1. Control methodologies (what works best) to treat OWCE 2. Effects of fire as a treatment method. 2. Herbicide efficacy trials. 2. Efficient use of biocontrols . 3. Development of more effective and efficient herbicide(s). 3. Synthesis of management projects (successes vs. failures) to control OWCE 3. Control methodologies (effects of non-target damage to different communities). 4. Early detection methods. 4. Potential for a rhizome biocontrol agent. 4. Socioeconomic (impacts to landowners). 5. Decontamination of clothes and equipment from spores. 5. Development of an early detection sys tem. 5. Ecological impacts of OWCF on natural communities. Fertile fronds on footware ? Notes continued from page 6 to OWCF infestations under 10 acres, and hiring a Lygodium Specialist for Florida Natural Areas Inventory to evaluate past projects and serve as a liaison with the University of Florida’s Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, public land managers and agencies. It appears that the funds needed to maintain control of OWCF will greatly increase in coming years as the plant continues to spread to many of the wetlands of south Florida. During breakout sessions on the sec- ond day, research priorities for the next five years were established. Participants were separated into three groups: land managers, researchers, and program directors. Each group was asked to prioritize research needs based on current knowledge and what we still need to learn to control OWCF Results are listed in Table 1 and will be used to update the Statewide Lygodium Management Plan over the next year. Overall, the consensus among the par- ticipants was that an integrated approach is needed to combat OWCF that includes the introduction of several biological con- trol agents, determination of the best time of year to treat O W CF for different natural habitats, testing combinations of herbi- cides to increase mortality of OWCF and decrease damage to native vegetation, col- lecting data to support special local need herbicide use permits for OWCF control, and the use of mechanical methods and prescribed burning to dispose of dead rachis mats. The last event was a meeting of the Lake Wales Ridge Ecosystem Working Group’s Invasive Species Committee, a group dedicated to controlling the spread of OWCF and other exotic plants along the Lake Wales Ridge. The group discussed the OWCF problem along the Lake Wales Ridge where lands are owned by multiple public and private entities, and a large amount of land is in private ownership with an increasing number of small lot landowners bordering natural areas. Currently there is a void for funding and assistance in the removal of invasive species when working with small lot landowners. Their goal is to find an agency to fund a program of survey and treatment of OWCF for both public and private landowners, and an entity to coordinate activities on all lands (see Wildland Weeds, Summer 2004). Notes from each presentation and the results of each breakout session will be available soon and posted on the FLEPPC list-serve and web site (www.fleppc.org). A similar meeting will be held within the next year to discuss current and future research on Japanese climbing fern (L. japonicum). Contact Jeff Hutchinson at 352-392-9981 or jthutch® ufl.edu Quarterly General Meetings with CEUk 5FAPM5 South Florida Aquatic Plant Management Society RO. Box 491737 Ft. Lauderdale, Florida 33349 www.sfapms.org Annual Memberships $25 - General • $5 - Student Includes the quarterly newsletter Hydrophyte FALL 2004 Since 1998, the Bureau of Invasive Plant Management, Uplands Section, has controlled more than 5000 acres of lygodium japonicum and lygodium microphyllum at a cost of approximately $2.6 million. This acreage does not include work performed by Water Management Districts and federal and local governments. Effective August 1, 2004, the Bureau of Invasive Plant Management will provide an additional service to pub- lic conservation land managers throughout the state. This effort is for populations too large for in-house control efforts but too small to design a formal project and apply for funding at the working group level, and is limited to 10 acres. If you have a population of either species of Lygodium in your management area that is less than 10 acres in size and with areas and access points well-defined and ready to go, the Uplands Section staff will arrange for a qualified contractor to conduct initial herbicidal control of that plant population. This service will include all labor, equipment, herbicide and adjuvants necessary to treat lygodium. The Lygodium Strike Team will be comprised of experienced weed control specialists under contract with the Bureau. They will provide either foliar applications or “poodle-cuts” (cut vines 4-5 feet up from the ground and apply herbicide to the rooted portion of the plant). Mr. Andrew Leslie is the Bureau coordinator for this endeavor. He can be reached at (850) 245-2822 or by e-mail at: Drew.Leslie@dep.state.fl. us WILDLAND WEEDS 9 Kudzu ( Pueraria montana) - Rank 1 , Severe threat See the Tennessee Exotic Pest Plant Council’s Invasive Exotic Pest Plants List for 2004 starting on page 13. Multiflora rose ( Rosa multiflora) - Rank 1 , Severe threat 10 FALL 2004 TN-EPPC Board of Directors President Pat Parr Area Manager, Oak Ridge National Laboratory R 0. Box 2008 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6340 (865) 576-8123 parrpd@ornl.gov Vice President Jack Ranney Senior Research Ecologist, University of Tennessee Energy Environment & Resources Center 311 Conference Center Building Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-4134 (865) 974-3938 jwranney@Utk.edu Secretary Terri Hogan Ecologist, Stones River National Battlefield 3501 Old Nashville Highway Murfreesboro, TN 37129 Terri_Hogan @np s. go v Treasurer Anni Self Plant Pathologist, Plant Certification Section Tennessee Department of Agriculture Nashville, TN 37204 Anni.Self@state.tn.us David Lincicome Rare Species Protection Program Administrator TDE&C, Division of Natural Heritage 401 Church Street Nashville, Tennessee 37243-0447 (615) 532-0431 david.lincicome@state.tn.us Dr. Richard Clements Biology and Environmental Science Chattanooga State Technical Community College 4501 Amnicola Highway Chattanooga, Tennessee 37406 (423) 697-2588 richard.clements@Chattanoogastate.edu Nancy Fraley Exotic Plant Management Team Liaison National Park Service 5 1 Ranger Dr. Asheville, North Carolina 28803-8686 (828) 350-3821 X213 nancy_fraley@ips.gov Dan Brown 4345 Hwy 47 E White Bluff, TN 37187 (615) 797 9320 mtnrr@aol.com Kris Johnson Supervisory Forester Great Smoky Mountains National Park 107 Park HQ Rd Gatlinburg, TN 37738 krisJohnson@nps.gov Carrie Miller Invasive Plant Manager 1103 Avenue B Arnold AFB, TN 37388 carrie.miller@arnold.af.mil Bob Parrish Superintendent, Warner Parks Metro Nashville Parks and Recreation Department 50 Vaughn Road Nashville, TN 37221 615-370-8050 bob.parrish@nashville.gov syngent We’d like to thank you for managing oui. resources by giving you more of them. Now you can earn valuable Green Partners™ points when you use Reward ® or Touchdown ® PRO aquatic herbicides. As stewards of the environment, you and your agency are always looking for ways to help restore and preserve beautiful habitats. And by enrolling in the GreenRartners program, you can do just that. GreenPartners points can be used to fund industry scholarships, provide valuable dollars for environmental research, or purchase business-building products such as computers, sprayers, etc. To find out more about GreenPartners, visit our website at www.greenpartnersonline.com or call 877-375-0824. Green* Partners Important: Always read and follow label instructions before buying or using these products ©2004 Syngenta Syngenta Rofessional Ptoducts Greensboro, NC 27419. GreenPartners", Reward*, Touchdown*, and the ^mgenta logo are trademarks of a Syngenta Group Company. WILDLAND WEEDS 11 1994-2004 The Tennessee Exotic Pest Plant Council Celebrates 10 years! The Tennessee Exotic Pest Plant Council (TN-EPPC) is celebrating its 10-year anniversary with events across the state. In April, TN-EPPC coordinated a symposium, “Invasive Plant Awareness and Research: Priority Status” at the annual Association of Southeastern Biologists meeting in Memphis. In middle Tennessee, TN-EPPC spon- sored a field day workshop in Dickson County on “Invasive Weed Identification and Control.” A fall workshop on invasive plants is planned for September 3 in Knoxville. The council also has pre- pared a “Tennessee’s Most Unwanted” invasive plant poster that will be ready for distribution soon. Check the TN-EPPC website for information on upcoming events and membership information: www.tneppc.org TN-EPPC Turns 10! The Tennessee Exotic Pest Plant Council was established on March 12, 1994 in Nashville at the first annual Tennessee Exotic Pest Plant Symposium. This initial meeting was attended by approximately 70 partici- pants and had 14 invited speakers, including by Dr. Peter White, Director of the North Carolina Botanical Garden, and Dr. John Randall from the California Exotic Pest Plant Council. Prior to the first annual sympo- sium, groundwork had been laid that created the opportunity to form TN-EPPC. In November 1993, an exploratory meeting was held at Vanderbilt University that considered the issue of exotic pest plants. This meeting included approximately forty invited partici- pants representing a cross-section of resource managers, scientists, teachers, and others interested in the issue. The event received a small amount of financial support from the Florida EPPC, which also sent a representa- tive to speak about their council. Those who attended agreed that a statewide organization was a desirable approach. Not unlike other EPPCs, TN-EPPC began by identifying goals and forming com- mittees to accomplish them. One of the first tasks completed was to publish the Spring 1994 TN-EPPC News. The newsletter has since been published quarterly. Another sig- nificant task completed that first year was to successfully obtain 501(c)3 non-profit status from the IRS. Since its inception, TN-EPPC has hosted statewide annual symposia and sent repre- sentatives to speak at similar conferences. In the spring of 1997, the annual symposium was much wider in scope and addressed exotic pest issues throughout the region. The “ Exotic Pests of the Eastern Forests” conference was held in Nashville and co-hosted with the USDA Forest Service and numerous other co- sponsors. TN-EPPC has continued to publish its newsletter and educational brochures, and has presented numerous workshops. The organization also has published the Tennessee Exotic Pest Vegetation Manual and the Tennessee Invasive Exotic Pest Plants List. TN- EPPC serves as a technical advisory body and has participated in cooperative efforts to con- vince federal and state government agencies to stop using exotic plants. The council also participates as a member of the National Association of Exotic Pest Plant Councils. While much remains to be done, the Tennessee Exotic Pest Plant Council has played an important role by addressing a crit- ical issue that no other organization in the state or region recognizes as its mission. In other states or regions where groups are con- sidering forming a council, it should be real- ized that other EPPCs, including Tennessee, can help facilitate establishment of an Exotic Pest Plant Council. Many of the organization- al protocols (bylaws) are already in place and can be shared. TN-EPPC was able to form largely because of this support from other EPPCs. 12 FALL 2004 TENNESSEE EXOTIC PEST PLANT COUNCIL’S INVASIVE EXOTIC PEST PLANTS IN TENNESSEE - 2004 This is the first revision of the Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee list, originally published in 1995. That list was initiated from the ‘introduced taxa’ portion of the Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Tennessee (pub. 1993 by B. E. Wofford and R. Krai), and was developed by the research committee of the Tennessee Exotic Pest Plant Council. The development of the list included reviews by professional and amateur botanists, ecologists, and resource managers. All comments were considered, and a consensus approach was accepted. This revision followed a similar review process; however, a second step was initiated to review the plant list on a regional scale. First, the list was sent to professional and amateur botanists, ecologists, and resource managers for review of recommended changes, including additions, deletions, or changes to current species ranking. The second step established working subcommittees representing the three Grand Divisions of Tennessee: West, Middle, and East. The subcommittees reviewed the 1995 list, considered all reviewers’ comments, and made their recommendations to the TN-EPPC Review Committee. The TN-EPPC Review Committee was organized with at least one subcommittee representative from each region. The Review Committee included Dr. Scott Franklin, Ecologist, UT-Memphis; Kris Johnson, Resource Manager Specialist, Great Smoky Mountains National Park; Geoff Call, Resource Manager Specialist, Arnold Engineering and Development Center; Michele Webber, Botanist, Stones River National Battlefield; and Brian Bowen, Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation’s Division of Natural Heritage. The Review Committee made final additions, deletions, and changes in the species ranking based on consensus. Additions to the list include species discovered in Tennessee since 1995 that have been reported to cause ecological damage, species known to cause ecological damage elsewhere and are considered potential threats, and species that may have been overlooked during development of the 1995 list. Nomenclature and authorship are taken from Kartesz, J, Synthesis of the North American Flora, August 1999. The intent of this list is to: 1 ) rank exotics based on their invasive characteristics; 2) foster early detection of invasive exotics so that resource managers can implement a rapid response action to prevent them from becoming established and spreading; 3) educate the general public and resource managers in an effort to eliminate the use of invasive exotics in landscaping, restoration, and enhancement projects. This list has no regulatory authority but provides useful information to help guide agencies and private landowners in making responsible decisions about plant use and management decisions. The Council acknowledges that most introduced species are harmless. However, it also realizes that many species do naturalize and have the potential to spread and become ecological disasters. WILDLAND WEEDS 13 INVASIVE EXOTIC PEST PL Rank 1 - Severe Threat: Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive Rank 2 - Significant Threat! Exotic plan species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. invasive species but are not presently con communities as those species listed as R Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle Tree of Heaven Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. Albizia julibrissin Durz. Mimosa Artemisia vulgaris l. Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara & Grande Garlic-mustard ArthraXOn hispiduS (Thunb.) Makino Celastrus orbiculata Thunb. Asian bittersweet Berberis thunbergii dc Dioscorea oppositifolia l. Air-potato Bromus commutatus Schrad. Elaeagnus umbel lata Thunb. Autumn olive Bromus japonicus Thunb. eXMurray Elaeagnus pungens Thunb. Thorny- olive Bromus secalinus l. EuOnymUS fortune i (Turcz.) Hand. - Mazz. Winter creeper Bromus tectorum l. Hedera helix l. English ivy Carduus nutans l. Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.-cours.) g. Don Sericea lespedeza Centaurea biebersteinii dc Ligustrum sinense Lour. Chinese privet Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Ligustrum vulgare l. Common privet Qrsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Lonicera fragrantissima iindi. & Paxton January jasmine Clematis ternifolia dc Lonicera japonica Thunb. Japanese honeysuckle Conium macuiatum l. Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Maxim. Amur bush honeysuckle Coronilla varia l. Lonicera morrowii a. Gray Morrow’s bush honeysuckle Caucus carota l. Lonicera tatarica l. Tartarian honeysuckle; twin sisters Dipsacus fullonum l. Lonicera x bella zabei Bush honeysuckle Dipsacus laciniatus l. Lythrum salicaria L. [all varieties and cultivars] Purple loosestrife EuOnymUS alata (Thunb.) Sieb. Microstegium vimineum (T-in.) a. Camus Nepalgrass; Japanese grass Festuca arundinacea schreb. Myriophyllum spicatum l. Eurasion water milfoil Festuca pratensis Huds . Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) sieb.&zucc. exsteud. Princess tree Hesperis matronalis l. Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. exsteud. Common reed Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royie Polygonum cuspidatum seib. &zuce. Japanese knotweed; Japanese bamboo Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. Kudzu Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. Rosa multi flora Thunb. Multiflora rose Lysimachia nummularia l. Solanum viarum Dunai Tropical soda apple Mahonia beali (Fortune) Carriere Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers . Johnson grass MelilotUS albus Medik. Spiraea japonica L.f. Japanese spiraea Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. Miscanthus sinensis Anders son Murdannia keisak (Hassk.) Hand.-Mazz. Myriophyllum aquaticum (Veil.) Verde. Nandina domestica Thunb. Rorippa nasturtium- aquaticum (L.) Hayek Polygonum caespitosum Biume Populus alba l. Potamogeton crispus l. Setaria faberi r.a.w. Hen-m. Setaria italica (L.) r Beauv. Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schuit. Setaria viridis (L.) p. Beauv. Torilis arvensis (Huds.) link Tussilago farfara l. Verbascum thapsus l. Vicia sativa l. Vinca minor l. Wisteria sinensis (Sims) dc Wisteria floribunda (Wind.) dc Xanthium strumarium l. Chinese privet ( Ligustrum sinense) 14 FALL 2004 A.NTS IN TENNESSEE - 2004 t species that possess characteristics of isidered to spread as easily into native plant ank 1. Rank 3 - Lesser Threat: Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a threat to native plant communities. Common Name Scientific Name Common Name Alligatorweed Allium vineale l. Field Garlic Mugwort, common wormwood Arundo donax l. Giant reed, elephant grass Hairy jointgrass Bromus catharticus vahi Bromegrass, rescue grass Japanese barberry Bromus inermis Leyss. Smooth bromegrass Meadow brome Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L’Her. ex vent. Paper mulberry Japanese bromegrass Buglossoides arvense (L.) i.m. Johnston Corn gromwell Rye brome Cardiospermum halicacabum l. Balloonvine, love-in-a-puff Thatch bromegrass, cheat grass Centaurea cyanus l. Bachelor’s button, cornflower Musk thistle, nodding thistle Chrysanthemum leucanthemum l. Ox-eye daisy Spotted knapweed Chicorium intybus l . Chicory Canada thistle Egeria densa Planch. Brazilian elodea, Brazilian water-weed Bull thistle Elaeagnus angustifolia l. Russian olive Leatherleaf clematis Eschscholzia californica Cham. California poppy Poison hemlock Fatoua villosa (Thunb.) Nakai Hairy crabweed Crown vetch Qechoma hederacea l. GiU- over- the- ground, ground ivy Wild carrot, Queen Anne’s-lace Iris pseudoacorus l. Pale -yellow iris Fuller’s teasle KummerOWia Stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino Korean clover Cutleaf teasle Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindi. Japanese clover Burning bush Melia azedarach l. Chinaberry Tall fescue Ornithogalum umbellatum l. Star of Bethlehem Meadow fescue Pastinaca sativa l. Wild parsnip Dame’s rocket Polygonum persicaria l. Lady’s thumb Hydrilla, water thyme RubUS phoeniCOlasiUS Maxim. Wineberry Bicolor lespedeza, shrubby bushclover Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Sicklepod senna Japanese privet Tragopogon dubius Scop. Tfellow goat’s -beard Moneywort, creeping Jenny Tribulus terrestris l. Puncturevine Oregon grape Urtica dioica l. Stinging nettle White sweet clover Xanthium spinosum l. Spiny cocklebur reg* I* f*' SOT HH ' ■ him :i«i:v: ei'-l. LorflilflE S C!trd dl Hill! ;md ydkiw Ctm VH Hod OLt EKlilfc I ijlil \.ip. :j i. £ 2 J l£i rtiOSWmi >.■- ~Mm': ■ k >.u KnimmlfH, ffsMip, ffnphgr ITA r plpjsnrj du ijJiii. A 1 1 - * : 1 1 1 1 ? : k:ku£ t-aSsd liquid aHpBCHfc iwtli a will* rgmjfi LLJI uauic FOR PLACEMENT ONLY Applied Biochemists Ad Storter, please insert scan from last issue AQtfftTft yl-aP: plinESUCf K v'.i 1 1 ~r mi j. HI Hnnlicil inkmrufiJ l:l tfiiC hi! Hi IhE STreplaK A li;j Ii i: -J Att dim: ElarjCZJp? famuli i i :i : 1-iCfidtraDim iLTfllE lc- ihi' ini ■ vi^i i£- fce _ 5 Ed immiri .i C ' ■ !/.*i 3 Ed tumu lien ■ fact is d«&m raowmem m:Iii!ik "jd&r’.t. UaautdlGS m-.ilc, y :is i e IT- i'jc-I n i « d V.zf V J ptWfHj ir n imu-iiL^ ;i'. Available Ff 0 d! QnsUi j Oislrib«!ors site Unites states and Wo oppli®0 btochemtsts ~ PE3| vtuatMce - j.' v lJ/., * r r-r.rr.h.-r*. rfSEEix P&npis nrd ptnOucis UtJicalcil to a'^ae si>ntTC;; and aqiwli*.- t-BQO-S 53 - 3 l 06 * E-maib info <£appN«?cJbtoehfcmSate.ccni 18 FALL 2004 the invasive plant problems in their assigned parks and working with the park Resource Managers to develop and imple- ment management strategies. Exploring partnership opportunities and supporting educational efforts also are high priorities for the team. Species that have presented some of the greatest challenges to the SE-EPMT include Multiflora rose ( Rosa multiflora ), Garlic mustard ( Alliaria petiolata) and Callery or Bradford pear ( Pyrus calleryana) . Recently the SE-EPMT worked in the rugged Obed Wild and Scenic River gorge carefully removing multiflora rose from areas containing the federally pro- tected Cumberland rosemary ( Conradina verticillata) . Located in Tennessee, this park boasts one of the richest floras in the southeastern US including, unfortunately, many invasive plants. In March and April at the Big South Fork National Recreation Area in Kentucky and Tennessee, the team attempted to gain a foothold against garlic mustard, hand -pulling over 20,000 plants threatening an area of rich riverine flora. Cumberland Gap National Historic Park, also in Kentucky, provided an unexpected foe, the Callery pear. Work in this park Members of the Gulf Coast EPMT treating kudzu (Tueraria montanaj on the Natchez Trace Parkway in Mississippi. had focused on the treatment of coltsfoot (Lespedeza cuneata ), when a thicket of ( Tussilago farfara), tree of heaven Callery pear was found down slope of an ( Ailanthus altissima ) and lespedeza old home site. For more information on the EPMTs, the Natural Resource Challenge and invasive species, see: http://www.nature.nps.gov /biology finvasivespeciesfindex.htm and http://invasivespecies.gov/ or contact Nancy Fraley, Liaison, Southeast Exotic Plant Management Team, 51 Ranger Drive, Asheville, NC 28805, 828-350-3821 x213, Nancy _Fraley@ nps.gov Sahara pe tif'ihiniii- Habitat herbicide Solving vegetation problems with cost effective solutions. Invasive Plant Control Brush Control Bareground Turf Management Basal Applications Cut Surface Applications Pre-emergent Control Aquatic Applications Cor more information Gill Phil Waller at 863-619-6255 or visit wvvw.vman.wers.com BASF WILDLAND WEEDS 19 PEST PLANTS IN THE NEWS from the Knoxville News Sentinel (KnoxNews.com) Exotic Plants Pose Serious Threat to City’s Parks and Greenways By Morgan Simmons, simmon sm @ knew s .com November 24, 2003 Jack Ranney was strolling along the Third Creek Greenway when a vine with round, glossy leaves caught his attention. The plant was an East Asian import called oriental bittersweet, and Ranney, a research ecologist with the University of Tennessee’s Energy, Environment and Resources Center, homed in on it like a heat-seeking missile. “I don’t like this stuff,” he said, yank- ing the vines out of the ground. “You can see it for miles and miles along the high- ways in Asheville, moving out in all direc- tions. I’m really scared of what it can do.” Each year non-native, invasive plants cost the United States billions of dollars in agricultural losses and control measures. As vice president of the Tennessee Exotic Pest Plant Council, Ranney has seen first- hand how these exotics spread from cities into natural areas like the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, which employs a full-time vegetative management crew to keep species like kudzu, multiflora rose and Japanese stilt grass in check. To prove this point, Ranney recently surveyed 13 parks and greenways in Knoxville looking for 20 of the worst inva- sive, exotic plants. He found an average of 10 species per park, and what bothered him most was that a few of the species occurred in large enough quantities to significantly affect the parks in coming decades. “Some of these invasives spread in such dense layers nothing can grow under them,” Ranney said. “As the trees around them age and die, what will replace them? There’s nothing coming up in the under- story.” The worst urban invader Ranney saw in his survey was bush honeysuckle, fol- lowed by privet, Japanese honeysuckle and multiflora rose. Oriental bittersweet was much more prevalent than Ranney had anticipated, and along the Third Creek Greenway not far from West High School, he came across the largest patch of winter creeper he has seen in the Southern Appalachians. Ranney said he repeatedly saw where bush honeysuckle and privet were out- competing wildflowers, native herbs, shrubs and native tree seedlings, especially along streams and in low-lying areas. “In general, the situation was worse than I expected,” he said. According to Ranney ’s inventory, Sharps Ridge is teeming with invasive plants, especially bush honeysuckle and privet. Of the 20 invasive plants on his checklist, Sharps Ridge had 14. “The birds are still coming through and that park is still pretty, but as these species take over, this won’t be the case,” Ranney said. While most foreign plants introduced into the United States are not aggressive invaders, the problem species are exacting a heavy toll by displacing native plants and reducing biodiversity. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, invasive plant infestations cover about 100 million acres and are spreading at a rate of 14 percent a year, an area twice the size of Delaware. During a recent walk along Knoxville’s Third Creek Greenway, Ranney stopped at a junction where the railroad tracks, the path and Third Creek converged. The list of exotics at this site included mimosa trees, privet, Japanese honeysuckle and kudzu, just to name a few. “These plants appear to be spreading out to forests along urban corridors such as roads, rivers and utility rights of way,” Ranney said. “We can’t control them all, so we have to pick our battles.” Knoxville has 30 miles of greenways. Donna Young, the city’s greenways coordi- Oriental bittersweet ( Celastrus orbiculatus ) nator, said the city landscapes almost exclusively with native plants and that a native plant nursery, as well as plenty of volunteers, are the initial steps needed to restore native plants to their rightful place in the ecosystem. “We’re at the point where we have to start looking at plant invasions as a serious threat,” Young said. “I feel strongly that over the years we can make a huge dent in the problem on our parks and greenways, but it’s going to take a concentrated effort.” Ranney said the problem with inva- sive species is that they’re often pretty, as with mimosa trees, and sometimes even useful, as with kudzu’s effectiveness in erosion control. He said he wants people to realize that for every invasive they plant as an ornamental or hedge, there’s a native species - or at least a noninvasive exotic - that works just as well. “We have to stop planting these bad plants, or we’ll never make any headway,” Ranney said. Morgan Simmons may be reached at 865-342-6321. Copyright 2003, KnoxNews. All Rights Reserved. Used with permission. 20 FALL 2004 EarthBalance is your one source for complete restoration services including exotic pest plant eradication and native plant supply. Offices throughout Florida: Davenport North Port Tallahassee Tampa Bay Area Toll Free: 888-536-2855 Fax: 941-426-8778 www.earthbalance.com EarthBalance's nursery in DeSoto County, FL prides itself on growing healthy, drought-tolerant native plants that are hearty and beautiful. Contact our North Port office for more information on nursery direct sales, exotic removal and restoration services. Contract growing services available. 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October 7-9, 2004, Ventura Holiday Inn, Ventura, California. Sessions will explore the migration of ornamental plants across the wildland-urban interface (WUI), fragmentation and edge effects, invasive plants and fire at the WUI, volunteer weed control efforts, cur- rent academic research, funding strategies for urban projects, and new treatment methods. Field trips include Santa Monica Mountain restoration sites and Channel Islands National Park, http ://ww w. c al-ipc . o rg • 31st Natural Areas Association Conference: Emerging Issues: Possibilities and Perils, October 13-16, 2004, Holiday Inn Mart Plaza, Chicago, IL Symposia and plenary sessions will focus on emerging problems and creative strategies to preserve biological resources for the future. Co-hosted by the Natural Areas Association, Illinois Nature Preserves Commission, and Illinois Department of Natural Resources with participation of the University of Illinois and other state and private education- al institutions, federal resource agencies, the Illinois Chapter of The Nature Conservancy, several conservation, forest preserve and park districts, Chicago’s world class museums, botanical and zoological institutions and the Chicago Wilderness coali- tion. The NA-EPPC meeting will be held here, as well. • 28th Annual Conference of the Florida Aquatic Plant Management Society, October 17-20, 2004, Hilton Hotel Deerfield Beach. Earn CEUs in Aquatics, Natural Areas, Right of Way and Core. Join other plant managers and share ideas and concerns related to aquatic plant management. Equipment demonstration on site, www.homestead.com/fapms/meeting.html • 3rd International Conference on Invasive SpartinaJ California, November 8-10, 2004, San Francisco, California. Spartina research from around the world, plus an opportunity to hear and discuss the experiences of a wide range of marsh managers and technical experts. Ground and aerial tours to view the Spartina “hybrid swarm” (S. alterniflora xfoliosa ) that threat- ens the San Francisco Estuary, http://www.spartina.org • 9th Annual Exotic Species Workshop for Southwest Florida, Florida Panther and Ten Thousand Islands National Wildlife Refuges, December 1, 2004. Dennis Giardina, 239-657-7637 x 29, Dennis_Giardina@fws.gov • 66th Annual Meeting of the Association of Southeastern Biologists (ASB), April 13-15, 2005, University of North Alabama, Florence, AL. Scott Jbwell, 336/421-0034, A2ZConvention@yahoo.com or www.asb.appstate.edu/ • 20th Annual FLEPPC Symposium, May 9-11, 2005, Casa Marina in Key West, Florida. Details to be announced at www.fleppc.org • 2005 Aquatic Weed Control Short Course, May 16-20, 2005, Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Aquatic, upland and invasive weed control; aquatic plant identification. A new concurrent session will focus on first time attendees with a morning of equipment calibration training and an afternoon of aquatic and natural area weed control training. Tyler J. Koschnick, University of Florida, IFAS, Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants, 352/392-5126, FAX: 352/ 392-3462, tjkoschnick@ifas.ufl.edu or http://conference.ifas.ufl.edu/aw/ Publications • Harmful Invasive Species: Legal Responses, edited by M.L. Miller and R.N. Fabian. 2004. 236 pp. Environmental Law Institute, 1616 P Street NW, Washington, DC 20036. ISBN 1-58576-073-0. $69.95. http://www.eli.org This book covers the law and policy, described by the editors as ‘not coherent’, regarding harmful non-indigenous species in six countries: New Zealand (“the only country that has even tried to imple- ment a comprehensive policy... ”), Germany, South Africa, Argentina, Poland and the U.S. The editors suggest that com- mon issues regarding law and policy exist in these countries: 1) “varying degrees of recognition at the level of law and poli- cy that harmful non-indigenous species are an environmental problem”; 2) “most countries have not conducted a compre- hensive assessment of the status of non-indigenous species”; 3) most “continue to rely on fragmented and incomplete legal authorities”; and 4) most “do not seem to be pursuing dramat- ic changes in their laws and policies.” The editors state, “We hope this volume provides a substantial push toward recogniz- ing this serious problem, and toward finding policies that begin to deal with it.” • Everglades Consolidated Report - 2004 Executive Summary, by the South Florida Water Management District and the Florida Department of Environmental Protection. 2004. 33 pp, plus CD. South Florida Water Management District, PO Box 24680, West Palm Beach, Florida 33416-4680. Also on the WWW: http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/everglades This report reviews the work completed to date on the Everglades Restoration project, and presents the Everglades Forever Act. continued, on page 26 WILDLAND WEEDS 25 continued • The Measurement of Environmental and Resource Values Theory and Methods, by A.M. Freeman III. 2003. 491 pp. Resources for the Future, 1616 P Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036-1400. ISBN 1-8918532-63-5. http://www.rff.org The publishers state that they “pioneered the application of eco- nomics as a tool to develop more effective policy about the use and conservation of natural resources” and that they “improve environmental and natural resource policymaking worldwide through independent social science research of the highest cal- iber.” This book, full of economic equations, was written to help assign economic values to natural resources and the activ- ities within them. • Alien Species and Evolution - The Evolutionary Ecology of Exotic Plants, Animals, Microbes, and Interacting Native Species, by G.W. Cox. 2004. 379 pp. Island Press, 1718 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC 20009- 1148. ISBN 1-55963-009-4. $40.00 (paper). http://www. islandpress.org Hundreds of primary sources are reviewed on the subjects of evolution, hybridization and adaptation, espe- cially in relation to invasive species. This book examines “evo- Jbin the Exotic Pest Plant Council nearest you by visiting www.se-eppc.org Florida residents can join online at www.fleppc.org Students - $10 General - $20 Gift subscriptions also are available. lutionary issues of exotic species, drawing examples from all parts of the world and all major ecosystem types.” Part I exam- ines basic aspects of the evolutionary biology of alien species. Part II looks at basic relationships that determine the evolu- tionary potential of alien species in their new homes. Part III gives examples of rapid evolution documented in recent decades. Part IV looks into the future, as alien invasions are a major component of global environmental change. • MAKING A LIST: Prevention Strategies for Invasive Plants in the Great Lakes States. Environmental Law Institute, 1616 P St., NW Suite 200, Washington, DC 20036 Phone: (202) 939-3800, Fax: (202) 939-3868, E-mail: law@eh.oig Surveys plant listing programs in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin to assess the effectiveness of listing as a tool to prevent the proliferation and spread of invasive plant species. The report costs $20, or free electronic copies can be downloaded from: w w w. elisto re . o rg/rep o rts_ d etail. asp ?ID = 1 0 9 9 0 Web Sites • View presentations from the Japanese stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum) Ecology and Management Workshop from the Northeastern Weed Science Society 2004 Symposium at: http ://ww w.newss. o rg/ default/ public atio n I micro stegium/ index, htm Contains links to Abstracts and PowerPoint presentations. Created by Dr. Joe Neal at North Carolina State University. Nodes of Interest • Japan passed an Invasive Alien Species Act on June 2, 2004. See http ://www.env.go .jp/ en / to pic/ as.html • 2004 Pulling Together Initiative Awards are announced at: http://www.nfwf.org/programs/pti_projects.htm The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation includes federal partners such as the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the USDA Forest Service, the National Park Service, and more. The initiative supports local communities in their efforts to control invasive or nox- ious weed infestations. 45 grants were awarded for 2004, including one for the SC-EPPC beach vitex project (see Wildland Weeds, Summer 2004). • 2005 Pulling Together Initiative Awards may be applied for at: http ://w w w. nfwf. o ig/pro gram s/ p ti. htm • NatureServe announces the release of a new scientific method- ology evaluating the impacts of non-native plants on native species and conservation areas: An Invasive Species Assessment Protocol: Evaluating Non-Native Plants for Their Impact on Biodiversity. The protocol, created in collaboration with The Nature Conservancy, is designed to make the process of assessing and listing invasive plants objective, systematic, and transparent and will help set priorities focusing scarce management resources on the very worst invaders. The proto- col has been implemented at a national level in the U.S. View it at: ww.natureserve.org/getData/plantData.jsp All members receive the quarterly magazine, Wildland Weeds. 26 FALL 2004 notes from the disturbed edge - chapter 1 3 H e spun the globe, and watched the colors meld into one. Caspian and Indian blue melded with Madagascar yellow, Australian ochre and the mauve of Paraguay. Mountain ranges diffused across vast planes, as radical topography averaged into a mono- chromatic smoothness. Geopolitical lines, tracing natural features or drawn arrow- straight across cultures, that had seemed imposing in the torpor of static inertia, faded and became indiscernable under the influence of centripetal force. Continents, once separated by vast seas, were bridged by narrow bands of hybridized shades. His binocular fusion dissolved as he focused on the resultant blur, and he saw faces of every shape and color looking back at him, from every clime and corner of the world. He saw mankind, confronted by the same demons and dilemmas across the face of the earth. Islands, once isolated, were now joined by jet contrails and diesel flavored wakes, and once- distinct cultures interacted in the forums of economics, education and intimacy. He knew the monochrome effect extended to the plant kingdom, with exotic plant invasions marching on across insidious transoceanic tendrils. As mankind was connected, and the floral kingdom blended, Mother Earth’s palette was defiled, and a grey curtain was pulled across the intricate tapestry of biodiversity. He saw white and black and red and yellow and maybe even chartreuse faces, united by an issue that rendered their collective eyesight kaleidoscopic, and urged them to peer through a great equalizing prism that permeated the barriers of color, creed and language, just as seeds now defeated geography. He spun the globe again, and allowed his thoughts to pirouette until friction took its toll, the rate of revolution slowed, and the truth devolved. The colors once again segregated into a cartographer’s view of our planet, but the connections remained. He strode outside, to mingle with his brethren and continue his work as a citizen of earth. - J.A. 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