■♦■ Agriculture Canada Publication 1891/E v>* zs Winter-hardy roses from Agriculture Canada 1*1 Agriculture Canada 1993 Library / Bibliotheque, Ottawa K1A 0C5 Canada Printed with the financial support of the following: Adamson's Heritage Nursery Ltd. Anne Tibbetts, CCGS Sir John Franklin Aubin Nurseries Ltd., Carman, Man. Bailey Nurseries, Inc., St. Paul, Minn. Byland's Nurseries Ltd. The Canadian Rose Society, 10 Fairfax Crescent, Scarborough, Ont. COPF - Canadian Ornamental Plant Foundation Fondation canadienne des plantes ornementales Hardy Roses for the North, Box 2048, Grand Forks, B.C. VOH 1H0 HORTICO, Waterdown, Ont. Kackenhoff Nurseries Ltd., St. Norbert, Man. Landscape Alberta Nursery Trades Association Pacific Regeneration Technologies Inc. (P.R.T.) Societe des roses du Quebec Rose Society Vanhof and Blokker Ltd. Vanstone Wholesale Nurseries Winter-hardy roses from Agriculture Canada Explorer series Ian S. Ogilvie and Neville P. Arnold Experimental Farm L'Assomption, Quebec Felicitas Svejda (retired) Parkland series Lynn M. Collicutt and Campbell G. Davidson Research Station Morden, Manitoba Henry H. Marshall (retired) Cover illustration Winnipeg Parks, Parkland series (text on page 31) Agriculture Canada Publication 1891/E available from Communications Branch, Agriculture Canada Ottawa, Ont. K1A 0C7 © Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1993 Cat. No. A53-1891/1993E ISBN 0-662-20221-X Printed 1993 7.2M-03:93 This publication replaces Agric. Can. Publ. 1727 New winter-hardy roses and other flowering shrubs Produced by Research Program Service Egalement disponible en francais sous le titre Rosiers rustiques d 'Agriculture Canada Contents Preface 5 Acknowledgments 5 Introduction 6 Roses of the Explorer series 7 Rugosa shrub type 7 Martin Frobisher 7 Jens Munk 7 Henry Hudson 10 David Thompson 10 Charles Albanel 11 Kordesii climber or pillar type 11 John Cabot 11 William Baffin 14 Henry Kelsey 14 John Davis 15 Captain Samuel Holland 15 Louis Jolliet 18 Kordesii shrub and miscellaneous types 18 John Franklin 18 Champlain 19 Alexander MacKenzie 19 Frontenac 22 Simon Fraser 22 Roses of the Parkland series 23 Morden Blush 23 Morden Fireglow 23 Adelaide Hoodless 26 Morden Amorette 26 Cuthbert Grant 27 Morden Centennial 27 Morden Cardinette 30 Morden Ruby 30 Winnipeg Parks 31 Other hardy roses 33 J.R Connell 33 Prairie Joy 33 Further information and availability 34 4 Preface The aim of the breeding program in Canada for roses is to combine • winterhardiness • recurrent flowering • resistance to important diseases • ease of propagation on their own roots. This publication presents cultivars of Rosa (including 16 in the Explorer series, 9 in the Parkland series, and 2 miscellaneous) developed from this program. Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank Trevor Cole of the Plant Research Centre, Ottawa, and Mel Reimer of the Morden Research Station for their enthusiastic help in providing many of the photographs. Introduction All the roses described in this publication have been selected for winterhardiness, recurrent flowering, and resistance to the most important diseases of roses, namely, blackspot and powdery mildew. Other important factors for each selection include good performance when grown on its own roots and ease of rooting from softwood stem cuttings. It is important to use own-rooted cuttings or tissue-cultured plants in regions that experience extremely cold winters because grafted or budded plants may be killed at the graft union during severe winters. Also, if the budded or grafted cultivar is injured during the winter, the rootstock will grow and overtake the desired cultivar. Although certain own-rooted plants may suffer some stem dieback during severe winters with little snow, they produce sufficient new growth from the roots or lower stems to provide a good show of flowers by early to mid summer. Any stem dieback is easily pruned in the spring. The winterhardiness of cultivars is rated according to the Agriculture Canada plant hardiness zones (page 35). The Explorer roses can be divided into three types — Rosa rugosa Thun. hybrids, bush, and climber-pillar. R. kordesii Wulff., a species rose, was used as a source of disease resistance, winterhardiness, and the climbing growth habit. Other species roses such as R. laxa Retz. and R. spinosissima altaica (Wild.) Rehd. were also used as a source of winterhardiness in breeding the climbers and the miscellaneous shrub group within the Explorer series. The everblooming characteristic and the flower quality were incorporated from more tender hybrid teas and floribundas. The Parkland roses have been developed using a native prairie rose species, R. arkansana Porter, as a main source for winterhardiness. Detailed parentages and interrelationships of the Parkland cultivars are shown in Fig. 1 (p. 31). Roses of the Explorer series Rugosa shrub type Martin Frobisher The first Explorer rose, Martin Frobisher, was introduced in 1968. This hardy rugosa, which flowers freely throughout the summer at Ottawa, is vigorous, well proportioned, and grows to a height of 1.5-2.0 m with a diameter of 1.5 m. The bark is reddish brown and the upper parts of the branches are spineless. The plant is highly resistant to powdery mildew but may occasionally show some blackspot. Flowers are soft pink and fragrant, measure 5-6 cm across, and have an average of 40 petals. Propagation is by softwood stem cuttings. Martin Frobisher has been tested at Ottawa since 1962 and at other locations across Canada including the northern United States since 1968. Only minor top kill was observed in Ottawa and other locations, and some spring pruning is required. This plant is hardy in zone 2. This rose cultivar was obtained from open pollination of the rugosa shrub Schneezwerg. Jens Munk Jens Munk, introduced in 1974, is free flowering, very hardy, and resistant to blackspot and powdery mildew. This vigorous and somewhat thorny shrub reaches a height of 1.5-2.0 m and a diameter of 1.5 m at Ottawa. The plant produces fragrant, medium pink flowers 6-7 cm in diameter with 25 petals. Flowering is abundant in June, July, and August. Attractive red fruits and a few flowers are evident in the fall. The cultivar propagates easily from softwood stem cuttings. Jens Munk has been tested at Ottawa since 1965 and at other locations across Canada since 1971. Little or no winterkill has been observed over the years, and this rose is fully hardy in zone 2. This cultivar was obtained from a cross between the rugosa hybrids Schneezwerg and Frau Dagmar Hartopp. Martin Frobisher Jens Munk 8 Henry Hudson David Thompson Henry Hudson Henry Hudson, a rugosa hybrid introduced in 1976, is a semidwarf shrub that grows 0.5-0.7 m in height and has a diameter of 1 m at Ottawa. The plant is very hardy, flowers repeatedly and freely, and is highly resistant to blackspot and powdery mildew. Flowers are white with a pink tinge resembling apple blossoms, fragrant, and with 20 petals. Softwood cuttings are easily rooted. Henry Hudson has been tested at Ottawa since 1967 and at other locations across Canada since 1973. Only slight winterkill was observed in Ottawa during severe winters. This rose is generally hardy in zone 2. This cultivar was obtained from open pollination of the cultivar Schneezwerg. David Thompson David Thompson, introduced in 1979, is a medium-sized shrub that reaches a height and diameter of 1.2 m at Ottawa. This rose is very hardy and flowers freely throughout the summer. It is highly resistant to blackspot and powdery mildew. The plant produces fragrant, medium red flowers 7 cm in diameter that have an average of 25 petals, but it forms no fruits. The rose propagates easily from softwood stem cuttings. This cultivar has been tested in Ottawa since 1971 and at other locations across Canada since 1977. No winterkill has been observed at Ottawa and only slight injury in areas with severe winters in northern Ontario and western Canada. It is hardy in zone 2. David Thompson was obtained from open pollination of a hybrid between the cultivars Schneezwerg and Frau Dagmar Hartopp. 10 Charles Albanel Charles Albanel, introduced in 1982, is another very hardy rose. It forms a vigorous, low shrub, which makes it suitable as a ground cover. At Ottawa, this shrub reaches a height of 0.5 m and a diameter of 1 m. Flowering is repeated and free in early summer and then only sporadically throughout the rest of the season. Plants are highly resistant to blackspot and powdery mildew. The fragrant, medium red flowers are 7-9 cm across and have an average of 20 petals. Many attractive large fruits are formed. This plant propagates easily from softwood stem cuttings. This selection has been tested at Ottawa since 1972 and at other locations across Canada and in the northern United States since 1980. It has shown no winter damage in Ottawa and very little at locations with more severe climates. This cultivar is fully hardy in zone 2. Charles Albanel was selected from three cycles of open pollination from the cultivar Souvenir de Philemon Cochet. Kordesii climber or pillar type John Cabot John Cabot was the first climbing rose of the Explorer series released in 1978. The plant has strong arching canes of 2.5-3 m and blooms freely in June and July and sporadically in August and September. It has good field resistance to blackspot and powdery mildew. The fragrant flowers are medium red, 7 cm across, with an average of 40 petals. The plant propagates easily from softwood stem cuttings. This selection has been tested at Ottawa since 1970 and at other locations across Canada since 1976. In Ottawa it requires pruning of deadwood in certain years. When grown in locations with more severe winters, it will need more spring pruning and can be grown as a shrub rose. The plant is generally hardy in zone 3. John Cabot originated from a cross of R. kordesii as the seed parent and a hardy seedling originating from Masquerade and R. laxa as the pollen parent. 11 Charles Albanel John Cabot 12 William Baffin Henry Kelsey J! * 4* * > .■*■- ■■- i . Ww mf- m $ -VTJ* ' ~"^ V r' - f '% ft 7 €$|k&. Of . tt 2. m * iK*. "S??^ ^ • ' $ p <- Pl*# % a 3 ■ pP H j i»^m Br *^S ■b ^If ^E9 V V vJBSy1 A. v. ^ ■ilk * W, 13 William Baffin William Baffin was introduced in 1983. It is a hardy climbing rose that flowers freely and repeatedly and has strong arching canes that reach 2.5-3 m at Ottawa. This climber is highly resistant to blackspot and powdery mildew. Flowers are medium red, slightly fragrant, 6-7 cm across and have an average of 20 petals. Clusters of up to 30 flowers can be found on this plant. Propagation is from softwood stem cuttings. This climber has been tested at Ottawa since 1975 and at other locations across Canada since 1982. In Ottawa, its branches require no pruning and can be left on the trellis through the winter. It survives in locations with more severe winters in northern Ontario and western Canada and is hardy in zone 2b. William Baffin was obtained from open pollination of a hardy seedling that was derived from R. kordesii as a seed parent and a pollen parent originating from Red Dawn and Suzanne. Henry Kelsey Henry Kelsey, introduced in 1984, is another hardy climbing rose, which flowers freely and repeatedly. It has a trailing growth habit, with branches that reach 2.0-2.5 m at Ottawa. This rose is resistant to powdery mildew and moderately resistant to blackspot. Flowers are medium red, have a spicy fragrance, are 6-8 cm across, and have 25 petals. This plant produces clusters of 9-18 flowers. Propagation is easily obtained with softwood stem cuttings. This selection has been tested at Ottawa since 1972 and at other locations across Canada and in the northern United States since 1981. In Ottawa, its branches can be left on the trellis through the winter but require slight pruning in the spring. It is hardy in zone 3. Henry Kelsey was obtained from a cross of R. kordesii as a seed parent with a pollen parent that was a hardy seedling originating from Red Pinocchio, Joanna Hill, and R. spinosissima. 14 John Davis John Davis, introduced in 1986, has a trailing growth habit and branches that grow from 2 to 2.5 m at Ottawa. The plant flowers freely, is very winter-hardy, and shows high resistance to blackspot and powdery mildew. The medium pink flowers have a light spicy perfume, a diameter of 8-9 cm, and an average of 40 petals. The blooms are often of quartered form similar to many old-fashioned roses, and as many as 17 flowers occur in a cluster. The plant roots easily from softwood stem cuttings. This selection has been tested at Ottawa since 1978 and also at a number of locations across Canada. Little or no spring pruning is required in Ottawa, and the plant is hardy in zone 3. John Davis originated from open pollination of a seedling resulting from a cross between R. kordesii and a line originating from a cross between Red Dawn and Suzanne. Captain Samuel Holland Captain Samuel Holland, introduced in 1990, is a winter-hardy pillar- type rose with a trailing growth habit and branches that grow to 1.8 m in L'Assomption. The plant flowers freely and recurrently when in full sun and is resistant to powdery mildew and blackspot. The medium red flowers average 7 cm in diameter and have 23 petals. They are produced in clusters of 1-10. The plant propagates easily from softwood stem cuttings. This selection has been tested for 5 years at Ottawa and a further 5 years at L'Assomption. It has also been tested by a number of commercial nurseries in various parts of Canada. Only slight winter injury was observed and minimal pruning was required in Ottawa and L'Assomption. It is generally hardy in zone 3. Captain Samuel Holland originated from a cross between two breeding lines, both of which are derived from R. kordesii, Red Dawn, and Suzanne. 15 John Davis Captain Samuel Holland 4 fV* Mtjff •1 1^ j/ * ! 1 * i S ' -* V 1 •v? 16 Louis Jolliet John Franklin i»S3S 17 Louis Jolliet Louis Jolliet was introduced in 1990. It is a winter-hardy climbing rose with a trailing growth habit and branches that grow to about 1.2 m in L'Assomption. The plant flowers almost continuously from June to the end of September when grown in full sun and is resistant to powdery mildew and blackspot. The medium pink flowers are produced in clusters of 3-10, have a spicy fragrance, average 7 cm in diameter, and have 38 petals. Softwood stem cuttings from this plant root readily. This selection has been tested for 2 years at Ottawa and a further 3 years at L'Assomption. The rose has survived winters with no protection other than natural snow cover and has shown little or no winter injury. It is hardy in zone 3. Louis Jolliet originated from a cross between R. kordesii breeding line L83 as a seed parent and a hardy seedling derived from R. kordesii, Red Dawn, Suzanne, and Champlain as a pollen parent. Kordesii shrub and miscellaneous types John Franklin John Franklin is a hardy and vigorous shrub rose that reaches a height and diameter of 1.2 m in Ottawa. It was introduced in 1980. The plant flowers freely throughout the summer and has moderate resistance to blackspot and powdery mildew. The medium red, slightly fragrant flowers are 6 cm across and have 25 petals, which are fringed like a carnation. The flowers are borne in clusters of up to 30 blooms. The plant propagates easily from softwood stem cuttings. This cultivar has been tested at Ottawa since 1971 and at other test locations across Canada since 1978. In Ottawa, it survives winters without protection but needs pruning of deadwood in the spring. It is hardy in zone 3. John Franklin originated from a cross between the floribunda Lilli Marlene as seed parent and a hardy seedling originating from Red Pinocchio, Joanna Hill, and R. spinosissima as a pollen parent. 18 Champlain This hardy rose, introduced in 1982, is outstanding for its free and continuous flowering habit throughout the summer and fall. Champlain has good field resistance to powdery mildew and moderate resistance to blackspot. This shrub reaches a height and diameter of 1 m in Ottawa. Flowers are a velvety dark red and slightly fragrant; they are 6-7 cm across and have 30 petals. Softwood stem cuttings root easily. This selection has been tested at Ottawa since 1974 and at other locations in Canada and the northern United States. In Ottawa, it survives winters without protection but requires regular pruning of deadwood in the spring. It is generally hardy in zone 3. Champlain is a complex hybrid. The seed parent originated from a cross between R. kordesii and a tetraploid seedling from Max Graf. The pollen parent was a hardy seedling originating from a cross between Red Dawn and Suzanne. Alexander MacKenzie Alexander MacKenzie is a tall, upright, vigorous shrub introduced in 1985. The plant reaches a height of 1.5-2 m and has a diameter of 1.2-1.5 m in Ottawa. It is winter-hardy, flowers recurrently, and is highly resistant to blackspot and powdery mildew. The deep red, cup-shaped flowers, produced in clusters of 6-12, have an average diameter of 6-7 cm and 40-50 petals. The flowers closely resemble those of a grandiflora or hybrid tea rose, but the plant has the distinct advantage of being much hardier. The rose propagates easily from softwood stem cuttings. This selection has been tested at Ottawa since 1972 and at other test locations in Canada since 1978. It survives the winters in zone 3b without protection, but needs some pruning of deadwood in the spring. Alexander MacKenzie was obtained from a cross between the grandiflora Queen Elizabeth and a hardy seedling descended from a cross between the shrubs Red Dawn and Suzanne. 19 Champlain Alexander MacKenzie 20 Simon Fraser J ' m^Bb&O&^^^e f— ^^ ^^^5^B ^^Hft&'^R^^^B^ *** v ■* ^^_ ^ j? ' ■■■" vijB^^vAi* jmMB /*^ *" * *SL^it% ' tint, 21 Frontenac Frontenac is a winter-hardy shrub rose with an upright growth habit of about 1 m at L'Assomption. It was introduced in 1992. The plant is extremely floriferous; it is almost completely covered with blossoms during peak bloom in June and continues to flower until the end of September. The plant is resistant to powdery mildew and blackspot. The deep pink flowers, produced in clusters of up to 8, are 8.4 cm in diameter and have an average of 20 petals. The plant propagates easily from softwood stem cuttings. This selection has been tested for 5 years at Ottawa and a further 5 years at L'Assomption. The rose has survived winters with natural snow cover and requires only minimal pruning of deadwood in spring. It is hardy in zone 3. Frontenac originated from a cross between a breeding line derived from Queen Elizabeth, Arthur Bell, and Von Scharnhorst as the seed parent and a line derived from R. kordesii, Red Dawn, and Suzanne as pollen parent. Simon Fraser Simon Fraser was introduced in 1992 and is a winter-hardy, low shrub rose with an upright growth habit. The plant grows to about 0.6 m in height at L'Assomption and blooms continuously from June until the end of September when grown in full sun. The medium pink flowers have a diameter of 5 cm and are produced in clusters of 1-4. Single flowers with 5 petals are first produced on the plant but later flowers are semidouble with about 22 petals. The plant roots readily from softwood stem cuttings. This selection was tested for 5 years at L'Assomption and, during that time, needed little or no pruning of deadwood. The rose is hardy in zone 3. Simon Fraser originated from a cross of a breeding line derived from Bonanza, Arthur Bell, Red Dawn, and Suzanne and one derived from R. kordesii, Red Dawn, Suzanne, and Champlain. 22 Roses of the Parkland series Morden Blush Morden Blush, introduced in 1988, is a hardy, low-growing, everblooming, shrub. It has moderate to good field resistance to powdery mildew and blackspot. This cultivar is very floriferous and has the longest bloom period of the Parkland roses. Plants tolerate the high summer temperatures exceedingly well. Plants grow 0.5-1 m high and flower continuously from June to freeze-up, the longest for any prairie-developed shrub rose. The flowers are of variable color depending on temperature. Flowers are light pink in cool temperatures and ivory to white in hot temperatures. The flower bud is very attractive and can be used in corsages or wedding bouquets. When open, the flowers are flat, with the inner petals infolded to form a button-type centre, similar to the old-fashioned types of roses. Morden Blush survives in zone 2b. It propagates very easily from softwood stem cuttings. This rose is a complex hybrid. The seed parent was a hybrid of Prairie Princess and Morden Amorette. The pollen parent was a complex hybrid involving Prairie Princess, White Bouquet, Assiniboine, and R. arkansana. Morden Fireglow Morden Fireglow, introduced in 1989, is unique among shrub roses as it combines both hardiness and scarlet-red flowers, a color rarely seen in hardy roses. Plants flower recurrently throughout the growing season. Morden Fireglow has an upright plant habit, grows from 0.5 to 0.7 m in height, and bears flowers in clusters of 1-5. The flowers are 6-8 cm across with about 28 petals. Field resistance to powdery mildew and blackspot is moderate. Plants have consistently survived winters in zone 2b. They propagate easily from softwood stem cuttings. Morden Fireglow was developed through the selection of its parents on the basis of chemical analysis of the flower pigments. This cultivar was developed using a seed parent derived from Prairie Princess, Morden Amorette, White Bouquet, Assiniboine, and R. arkansana. The pollen parent was Morden Cardinette. 23 Morden Blush Morden Fireglow 24 Adelaide Hoodless Morden Amorette 25 Adelaide Hoodless Adelaide Hoodless is an extremely floriferous, vigorous shrub rose. This rose, introduced in 1973, is a tribute to the founder of the Women's Institute on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the institute. Plants produce large clusters (up to 35 blooms) of 7-cm, semidouble, red blooms in July and September. It is advisable to prune off old flowers and hips to promote repeat flowering. This plant grows to about 1 m with arching stems. Resistance to powdery mildew is good, while resistance to blackspot is moderate. Plants of Adelaide Hoodless survive in zone 2 and warmer zones. The plant propagates easily from softwood stem cuttings. This cultivar was developed from a cross between the floribunda Fire King and a hardy seedling derived from R. arkansana 'J.W. Fargo' x Assiniboine. Assiniboine is a hybrid of the floribunda Donald Prior and/?, arkansana. Morden Amorette Morden Amorette was introduced in 1977. It is more compact and everblooming than most shrub roses. Plants grow 0.3-0.5 m in height and bear carmine to rose bengal flowers, which are 7-8 cm in diameter and have 25-30 petals. The inside petals are rolled inward covering the flower centre. Because it is fertile, removal of old flowers promotes continuous blooming. Resistance to powdery mildew and blackspot is moderate. Plants are hardy in zone 3 but may require light spring pruning of stem deadwood. Propagation is by softwood stem cuttings. Morden Amorette originated as a chance dwarf seedling of two complex hybrid parents. The pollen parent had the same parentage as Adelaide Hoodless. The seed parent was derived from Independence crossed with a hybrid originating from Donald Prior and R. arkansana. 26 Cuthbert Grant Cuthbert Grant, introduced in 1967, is an upright-growing shrub with large, dark red, velvety flowers. This plant received an Award of Merit in 1970 from the Western Canadian Society for Horticulture and was also chosen as Manitoba's Centennial Rose in the same year. The flowers have a strong fragrance and are semidouble, crimson red, and 10 cm in diameter. Plants produce flowers in June and September and grow 0.8 to 1 m high. Cuthbert Grant has excellent resistance to powdery mildew and blackspot and survives well in zone 3. This cultivar is propagated by softwood stem cuttings. The seed parent of Cuthbert Grant was developed from Crimson Glory and a hybrid of Donald Prior and R. arkansana. The pollen parent was Assiniboine. Morden Centennial Morden Centennial was introduced in 1980. It is a hardy, floriferous shrub rose flowering repeatedly throught the season with the main flushes in June and August-September. The name commemorates the centennial of the Town of Morden, which occurred the year of introduction. Plants reach a height of 0.7-1.0 m and bear lightly scented, medium pink blooms in clusters of 1-4. Flowers are 7-8 cm across with about 40 petals. Removal of dead flowers promotes reblooming. Morden Centennial has good resistance to powdery mildew and moderate resistance to blackspot. Plants survive winters in zone 2 and propagate easily from softwood stem cuttings. This cultivar originated from a cross between Prairie Princess and a hardy seedling developed from White Bouquet, Assiniboine, and R. arkansana. 27 Morden Centennial 28 Morden Cardinette Morden Ruby 29 Morden Cardinette Morden Cardinette, introduced in 1980, is a dwarf, everblooming shrub suitable for use both as a potted flowering plant and a landscape bedding rose. Potted plants can be grown for flowering at Mother's Day, kept in the house for 2 weeks, then planted outdoors. Plants are very attractive when grown in a pot as the flower size is larger than most other greenhouse pot roses. Plants grow 0.3-0.5 m in height and bear cardinal red, double, cup- shaped blooms. Flowers are in clusters of 2-8, measure 8 cm in diameter, and average 25 petals per flower. Resistance to powdery mildew and blackspot is moderate. Plants are hardy in zone 3b and propagate easily from softwood stem cuttings. Morden Cardinette is a complex hybrid involving Prairie Princess, White Bouquet, Assiniboine, and R. arkansana on the seed parent side and Adelaide Hoodless, Independence, Donald Prior, and R. arkansana on the pollen parent side. Morden Ruby Morden Ruby, introduced in 1977, is a red-flowered hardy shrub. It is a sister of Adelaide Hoodless and arose as a solid-colored bud sport from an original nonsolid-colored flower. The flowers are double, ruby red, and long lasting. This plant reaches a height of 1 m and flowers repeatedly during the growing season. Resistance to powdery mildew and blackspot is moderate to good. This cultivar is hardy in zone 2 and propagates easily from softwood stem cuttings. Morden Ruby originated from the same cross as Adelaide Hoodless. 30 Winnipeg Parks {cover photos) Winnipeg Parks is a hardy, recurrent-blooming shrub suitable for use as a bedding landscape rose or specimen plant. It was introduced in 1990 and named for the City of Winnipeg Parks and Recreation Department centennial in 1993. Plants are dense bushes, which average 0.4-0.7 m in height and 0.3-0.7 m in width. The flowers are slightly fragrant and are medium red in color. They average 8 cm across, have 22 petals, and are produced in clusters of 1-4. Plants have moderate to good field resistance to powdery mildew and blackspot. Winnipeg Parks has the most attractive foliage of the Parkland roses to date as well as interesting red-tinged leaves in the fall. This cultivar has survived winters in hardiness zone 2b. It propagates very easily from softwood stem cuttings. Winnipeg Parks is a complex hybrid that incorporates Assiniboine, Adelaide Hoodless, Cuthbert Grant, Morden Cardinette, and Prairie Princess. Morden Centennial Winnipeg Parks N5- i— White Bouquet r 84 •-34-Q R. arkansana Assiniboine - Prairie Princess |— Carrousel Unnamed seedling [— Morning Stars Suzanne -| Cuthbert Grant ris£ Crimson glory 08 — R. laxa spinosissima Assiniboine — Donald Prior - R. arkansana Morden Fireglow Morden Blush r-L6 j- Prairie Princess rE0"L84 r- Fire King l_ Morden — ah^iosh^ - Cardinette 1— Aae,aiae 1— R. arkansana uaraineue |_ f- Hoodless ' — 34 — 1_ L-F5 r- J3 L E0 Prairie Joy 66 -E0 — Morden Amorette = Prairie Princess Assiniboine ■— Morden Cardinette Fig. 1 Parentage chart of the Parkland roses: italics ■ species; bold = Parkland roses; letters are unnamed seedling codes. 31 J.P. Connell Prairie Joy '» * . * '* 1 **f< m mm •* - ~^;' v ^ w 32 Other hardy roses J.P. Connell J.P. Connell, introduced in 1987, was the first yellow rose to be released from the Ottawa breeding program. This vigorous upright bush grows 1.0-1.5 m high and 0.8-1.2 m in diameter. The plant is winter-hardy and has good resistance to powdery mildew but has some susceptibility to blackspot. When it is grown in full sun, 1- and 2-year old plants flower sparsely, but older plants flower heavily in June, with smaller numbers of flowers produced during the rest of the season. Initially, the lemon yellow flowers have high centres resembling those of a hybrid tea but later open to expose the stamens and then fade to a cream color. They have a diameter of 7-9 cm and are produced singly or in clusters of 3-8. Plants root readily from softwood cuttings. This selection has been tested at Ottawa since 1974. The plant survives the winter without protection, other than natural snow cover, but some pruning of deadwood is required in the spring. It is hardy in zone 3. J.P. Connell originated from a cross between the floribunda Arthur Bell and an open-pollinated seedling of the hardy shrub rose Von Scharnhorst. Prairie Joy Prairie Joy, introduced in 1990, is the first hedge rose to be released from Morden. This type of rose can be best used as a screen or hedge dividing or emphasizing areas in the landscape. It is important for a hedge rose to be dense, have good foliage, and display excellent disease resistance as Prairie Joy does. Plants grow 1-1.5 m high and 1-1.4 m wide and are quite dense. The general form of the plant is round, however new stems can be very vigorous. This growth gives an arching form, which, when in bloom, is very attractive. Flowers are produced mainly in June, then sparsely the rest of the growing season. The medium pink flowers are produced in clusters of 1-6, average 7 cm in diameter, and have about 40 petals. Disease resistance to powdery mildew and blackspot is excellent. Prairie Joy has consistently survived winters in zone 2. Annual pruning to just above ground level has been successful in producing a low, dense, blooming hedge. Plants propagate easily from softwood stem cuttings. Prairie Joy originated from a cross between Prairie Princess and Morden Cardinette. 33 Further information and availability All cultivars except Adelaide Hoodless and Cuthbert Grant have been registered with the Canadian Ornamental Plant Foundation, 652 Aberdeen Avenue, North Bay, Ontario P1B 7H9. Royalties are collected on these cultivars. Interested propagators can obtain further information on the Explorer rose cultivars from Dr. Ian S. Ogilvie, Experimental Farm, Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, 801 Route 344, P.O. Box 3398, L'Assomption, Quebec JOK 1G0 and on the Parkland rose cultivars from Ms. Lynn M. Collicutt, Research Station, Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, P.O. Box 3001, Morden, Manitoba ROG 1J0. Persons wanting more information on other roses or on culture can contact The Canadian Rose Society, 10 Fairfax Crescent, Scarborough, Ontario MIL 1Z8 (416-757-8809). Plants can be purchased from local nurseries. 34 Plant hardiness zones in Canada. BIBIIOTHFQUF CANADIFNNF OF L'AGRICULTURF 3 ^073 000T52fl5 5 35 Printed on recycled paper ®