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Se a \ a ay t ; oe , x * ae Ls y , yee , » : i r oe es cr ; ( we ta Wis ci ae i i] . - he ert i ee | ry ‘ag iaeaaematmaammaaiaaleaiiitatneasicieatinis | a | - [ojo BY \ | | U. S. F.S. RECEIVED § a | LIBRARY i MAY 299.1927 } U. S. Department of Agriculture | We SU see i Forest Service RSENS RAT STON a TR CALIFORNIA FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION Berkeley, California ‘echnical Note ‘August 1, 1935. No. 4 WOOD CONSUMPTION AND SECONDARY WOOD-USING INDUSTRIES OF CALIFORNIA Consumption of lumber in California averaged about 3 billion board ‘eet annually prior to the depression, but in 1932 lumber consumption lropped to about one and one-half billion board feet. Per capita lumber ise had reached a peak of more than 1000 board feet in the year 1923 but steadily declined thereafter, falling to 670 board feet in 1928 and to 245 board feet in 1932. Average consumption of lumber during the decade 1920-1930 was about 750 board feet per capita, or two and a half times the average for the entire United States. Although California sawmills produced about 2 billion board fect of lumber annually in the decade of the twenties, only about half of the lumber cut in California, or approximately a billion board fect, was con-~ sumed within the State. In addition to the annual consumption of about a billion board feet of California lumber, however, approximately 2 bil- lion board feet of lumber were imported amnually into California, largely from Oregon and Washington. Since California woods are particularly adapted to such specialty uses as millwork and interior trim and have been used mainly for such purposes, it has been necessary to import most of the lumber for construction. The suitability and low prices of Douglas fir, as well as the large volume of building in California during recent decades have resulted in heavy shipments of lumber from the Pacific Northwest. Small amounts of hardwood lumber wero also received from Eastern states and from the Philippines. The California lumber used outside the State was made up largely of the better grades of ponderosa pine, sugar pine, and redwood, and was absorbed for the most part by sash and door plants of the Mississippi valley. Of the California lumber consumed within the State, ponderosa and sugar pine were used largely for box shook and millwork, while redwood and Douglas fir were used for both construction work and factory products. The most important use for lumber in California has been in building construction. During the last 15 years nearly two-thirds of the annual consumption has gone into residential building, repairs, and non-residen- tial construction. Box shook as the next important use accounted for one- fourth of the lumber used, while factory products such as furniture and fixtures made up about 5 percent of the total consumption. Miscellaneous uses, as in public works, irrigation structures, and public utilities, accounted for the balance. clean espe ga ata a ; Pyr e 4 j 2¥ gl a . Vigo hi cx? 4 il ; si vii eo Pie api meme i ETT ia | | to a .@.0 eretded ,yslodied ae | hen, tist . 3 | :d miay-coow WRAGMOURS GUA HOTEEMVEKOD Gow oh SMOG TO SELLA fisod molilid & teoda & 2 : b pinzoRt Led ni rodanl to motte sottamence soGnek S60L at ted woteweaqod edt of tolwy YH ~odent afigss wwe «feet buscd aollild terwac fas ono teod ot begs fod 898i taoy oid ab dee% bawod COOL aa? enor to dseq « bedpaet Bam a? Sew SSCL at toot Huse? O92 oF gublis?. .ro0tteorods bentiond QLEM obsoob off guiseh todiwl to moltgmuenon ogecov4 .S80f-at toot Pemod vont? tied «@ Bie aed 20 ,atigan teq feed bieod 0cy tvode aaw O68Re cnetate botinU ovtins edt 16? egeTewe | foot based. noltfid 8 dwods beosboug eliimmar siniotiled Nguoi edt ‘to ‘tiad twode ylao ,eoktnowt off Yo ohaood odt at yiisuane tem : “(00 aoe ,ta0% banod aotili¢ a yietamtzougga xo ,Siniolile) af @ 1 Et tuods to aortqnwencs imawia eft of mottinbis sl .otet? oft att tw be -ftd & yletemisougge ,tevewod , todiml sinnotited to toot breed AGES yioawal ,eletot iad otat yilenees betxognt otow stediaet to tset bua a yisalsokiaeg ous eboow alnrotiied eoale .notyridea® Dye rgord | xoedt ovad faa mink soitetni growlfim ee kosu ytisiosqe dome ot bs adt to Geom Gtogndé oF yisesooen need ead ¢4 ,eovoqig dove 103 Gee “tit ealguol %6 seokaq wol bre yiilidstive sd? ,nottowense © + sed sehawob txsoon snkuab abwrotiled mt gilblivd Yo onwiov egzal oft a) for _teowdttow oFtlosd edt mott todawi to stnemgide yvacd af bet lager ¢ co¢ate ovodesl mort bovleoet cada otew wedmul boowhis to arm womp i ; 7 . ri soniggiitag a Y qiowteal qu obam sew ofag@ od? ebtetuo bean socnis atatotiled & aow foo ,boowben fina ,ontg sagee ,ontg seorobnog to eodoTy te i togteetoeiM edt to etmalg soob baa dems ys ting Soom ody 40 ssorsbaog ,otete odf niddiw bomuenco sodmul atatotile? edt We hoowbet oftdw ,owlita tue aoode xod s0% ylogtal boos 2ew este 4 -etoubotg yrotoet base Axow ao iWout#en09 ddod xot boas osew xf? ga gnibiied at seed ead alateti{ed mt sedmol 29% oes tasdioqai ssom eit suena act to shaidteows yitemn stacy Of tael edt gaiwd 48 ito. P B Wars oye ae irr of (he RA yt i Lumber constitutes the most important wood commodity used in _ California, but considerable amounts of the so-called minor forest pro- ducts are also consumed. I% is estimated that about 85 million tubic feet of fuelwood are used each year, 11 million cubic feet of fence posts, and 15 million cubic feet of miscellaneous products. With the exception of paper and pulp, annual imports of which are equivalent to about 50 mil- lion cubic feet of timber, most of the minor products consumed in the State are cut in California forests. With regard to future wood consumption in California, it appears that both total and per capita requirements are decreasing. Lumber con- sumption is declining in building construction, largely because the popula- tion of the State is becoming stabilized and the industrial plant is ex- panding more slowly. In addition to the passing of pioneer and boom con-~ ditions, changes in types of construction and the substitution of other materials for lumber are also reducing the consumption of wood. Although the amount of building in the future undoubtedly will decrease to moro or less of a maintenance basis, it seems probable in the light of current trends that future consumption of lumber for box shook should not be mater- ially less than at prescnt. Secondary Wood-Using Industries In addition to the lumbering industries which manufacture lumber and minor products from logs, there are a considerable number of plants in the State which remanufacture lumber and veneer prior to its final consumption. These secondary wood-using industries, using lumber as a principal raw material, manufacture a wide variety of products, including box shook, millwork, furniture and fixtures, cooperage, caskets, and humerous miscellaneous items. With the exception of box factories, a large number of which are operated in conjunction with sawmills in the pine region of the State, most of these wood=-using industries are con- centrated in the metropolitan districts of the larger cities. Individual establishments vary in size from one-man shops to large industrial plants employing scores of men. The total quantity of lumber and vencer remanufactured by the secondary wood=using industries of California amounted to about 550 mil- lion board feet in 1933, or slightly less than half tho amount remanu- factured in 1928. More than a third of the total lumber consumed in the :. ordinarily is remanufactured by the wood-using industries prior to nal use. California woods are used for the most part by the wood-using industries, only one~seventh of the total lumber remanufactured in 1935, for example, coming from outside the State. Ponderosa pine is by far the most important species used, accounting for about 80 percent of the box shook and for a large part of the sash, doors, and millwork. Sugar pine is also remanufactured into boxes and millwork, while sizeable amounts of redwood lumber go into sash and doors, tanks, and caskets. Spruce is remanufactured largely into boxes and crates, while Douglas fir goes into age _ ak een gna. ro oameniiant feom edt eotutirenoa a ~orq feotot ‘ronda ‘edt Yo etnnems sideiodtence tHE eRe 3} okies aottie pape gph er iso et 7i . Demgenos cake Ome ,efeog gonet To of yt rho. nohhgsoxe odd «etoui s 350. mn ~{Lim 0¢ dugda of ei sonst lovtae ,ciog pas eqeq adit af Bemigesoo gona edt to teom ,tecme?y to teat obavo a | R st@ees0t sinaoti fed af $0 - 13 # — boow oxtot of Dueget ae a “s09 sodaunl - 0! . or © -alogog oft oeunaod ye noktowwhenoo 3 goltqn «mq at inoiq fat 3 ae m bostiidada ga imoved ol etet? ont Yo me ono mood tre weaneby to gm | -gofvhpos at .qlwode otom ganas sondo to soktutivudge 2 x nottoirs2 e890 to soqyt at sogaado gf nee dauontia »hoow To a0 ' ton opin ote todsind 20% int qo o1em of eenotood Cite 9h vase d ouotet ot ni gutolivd Yo of tnotino ‘to tigif etwoe #2 ,2iesd Yom a” oat ? -rten of fon Sivode Wore z00 03 40% sodeel te aottgmemoo ottet tatt Beve uf «tnouertg °S aodt ae a i neti erotos tuna do kote sshioetit gnisednint ede of aotetobe at i etnaiq to tedaun efdsyebianos 2 exe ster? yegol most efoubord ° 5 Ont Le fentt ef! of soteq aeemet Tne gedenl ewiostunamet tio kaw of a en redtuf ang ‘ “hoor yrehacose ener? wot geithatont etonbotng * = pain s ebiy & stitostunam ,fsi19dem was So & ,wobtoiost Kod to | ; od? nt eliiawan dthw eect nt hadacoqo os doktw Yo e -noo e718 sarttawknt gakewsboow $0 vaom ,odete off t0% a _fanbte boat .sottto «ai oft to edoteterd aed ilogoszem odd nk bs etnele Lebetenbat op f ot econe fameoho most onle ak Yue Be ' nent te sore 3 ott yd seaiieeiee wane bon ieee to ytitnsup feted | o fim 082 dpoda of Spdmwome stntotitad te seligucki! gnieowboow Yam | te 20 ,S0@i at tect buns ~yoamens trom ost ‘ial ae + gael wasn ont at someenoo tedmel Iatot ext to } % gost “ovom =. e608 af of toltg wolvieubak “ ow . + of ¥tiuta eptnanti anit mes ora sboow orasot eta , 8Se£ ai bowie ® . ent to déngvoe-ens qino “ edt 20% yo Of ont onotebnet +8 gt8 pdt vblatuo aot giimco xo oft Yo tneotog OF wt got _bosn abioege | entg tgya «dows: Db of ye oft to tusq otal & OF to stovame eidessie Khe bao goxod otnt box al eon eh ad _BTOO bns dese otni ofa? gong tt? anigood Wiad faa saxod evnt yl car construction, boxes, millwork, and shipbuilding. The hardwoods go- ing into remanufactures are used almost entirely for furniture and fixtures. Box factories are the most important of the wood-using industries, _ accounting for about two-thirds of the total lumber remanufactured. Box shook consumption also tends to be somewhat more stable than most other lumber uses because of the use of shook for fruit shipments from Califor- _nia to both state and national markets. Planing mills, which remanufac- _ ture lumber into sash, doors, and millwork, also constitute an important | industry which accounted for about l2 percent of the 1933 remanufactures and for nearly a third of the 1928 remanufactures. The decline in build- _ ing activity accompanying the depression, however, caused a considerable | decrease in the production of planing-mill products, the output in 1933 amounting to only 20 percent of that in 1928, Among the smaller remanufacturing industries, which account for about 14 percent of the lumber remanufactured, are those making use of lumber for car construction, furniture, fixtures, shipbuilding, coffins, and & considerable number of miscellaneous factory products. Lumber used in 1933 by these smaller industries amounted to about half the quantity remanufactured in 1928. As in the case of box shook and millwork, most of the miscellaneous remanufactures are marketed within California. Employment in the secondary wood-using industries is of considerable importance to the State, the number of workers employed approximating that of the primary lumbering industries. Thus in 1929 the secondary industries employed 25,000 workers, while the sawmills employed about 23,500 workers. Wages and salarics amounted to about 44 million dollars in 1929, compared to 57 million dollars paid by the lumber industry in the same year. The |) secondary industries employed about 7 percent of all industrial workers | in California in 1929, paid out more than 6 percent of industrial wages and salaries, and accounted for about 5 percent of the total value added by all manufacturing in the State. ~3- gn an 2 ' ie " ; -