^O^ MA^^

^fjis-r"^*

DATE DUB

UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS
LIBRARY

SB

93

W6

NO. 2

1867

WOODWARD'S

RECORD OF HORTICULTURE.

No. II.

EDITED BY

ANDREW S. FULLER,

AUTHOR OP THE FOREST TREE AND GRAPE CULTUEIST.

NEW YORK :
FRANCIS W. WOODWARD, 37 PARK ROW,

Office op The Horticulturist.
1868.

LIBRARY

UNIVERSITY OF
MASSACHl^SETTS

amhehst^Fass.

y.z

ENTERED, ACCORDING TO ACT OF CONGRESS, IN THE TEAR 1868, BT

FRANCIS W. WOODWARD,

IN THE clerk's OFFICE OF THE DISTRICT COURT OF THE UNITED STATES
FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK.

Davies & Kent,

Stereotypers and Eleclrotypers,

183 William St., N. Y.

PREFACE

We are again called upon to christen another volume of The
Record op Horticulture.

The success that attended the first, bids us hope for the second,
although we are not confident that it is in any respect superior to
its predecessor.

One new feature has been added, which we trust will be found
of great value, especially to those who are in the seed or plant
business. We refer to the Horticultural Directory. This cata-
logue of Nurserymen, Florists, and Seedsmen we believe to be
the most complete of any heretofore published, and we promise
to continue this feature in future volumes until it shall be abso-
lutely perfect, if such a thing is possible.

The number of new fruits and flowers which have been tested
in the past year are quite numerous, and we have given whatever
information in regard to them that could be obtained, always en-
deavoring to err, if at all, in sajing too little, in preference to
saying too much.

We again invite horticulturists to send us the reports of soci-
eties with list of Officers for the year ; also any other matter that
shall be of general interest. We will be pleased to receive the
name and description of all new fruits and flowers, and any fiicts
relative to their history. To give each year a brief synopsis of
the principal events that are likely to interest the cultivation of
^y^ plants is our only object in editing the Record of Horticulture.

CD

A. S. F.

RiDGEWOOD, N. J.

RECORD OF HORTICULTURE.

I.

REVIEW OF NEW BOOKS.

American Horticultural Annual. A Year Book of Horticultural
Progress, etc. Illustrated. New York: Orange Judd & Co.
12mo ; 152 pp. ; muslin, 75 cents.

There is a large amount of valuable information given
in this volume. Besides many useful hints and sugges-
tions, there are several essays that are well worthy of a
careful perusal. The one on Pears, by P. Barry, is particu-
larly valuable to those who are desirous of knowing which
are the best of the new varieties. The notes on Grapes are
very full and complete. There is also an excellent article
on New Roses, by John Saul ; one on Bedding Plants, by
Peter Henderson ; another, on Gladiolus, by George Such ;
these are particularly noteworthy. Mr. Thomas Meehan's
" Notes on.the Rarer Evergreens" is doubly interesting from
the fact, that the author not only shows the importance of
planting evergreen trees for the purpose of oniamentation,
but that if planted abundantly, they will increase the tem-
perature of the immediate locality, and very much lessen
the rigors of our cold Avinters. In other words, evergreens
give off heat, even in cold weather, and thereby increase
the temperature of the surrounding atmosphere. If our
land-owners could be made to believe this, they would have
another incentive for planting evergreen trees extensively.

b EECOKD OF HOKTICULTURE,

American Fruit Culturist, By J. J. Thomas. Illustrated.
New York : Wm. Wood & Co. 12mo ; 511 pp. $3.

Since the first appearance of this work in 1846, it has
taken a liigh position in American Horticultural Literature.
It has been several times revised and additions made there-
to, showing that the atithor desired to make it as near per-
fect as possible.

In the past twenty years there have been so many new
fruits introduced, and so many old theories exploded, that
Mr. Thomas has found it necessary to entirely re-write his
work in order to make it accord with the present condition
of American Horticulture. No greater compliment can be
bestowed upon an author by the public than by calling
for frequent and large editions of his works. The demand
for this book has been so persistent, and through such a
long period of years, the author must feel highly flattered
in knowing that his labors have been so fully appreciated
by the public at large.

We have to regret that so few of the authors of scien-
tific books take any interest in their works after the orig-
inal manuscript leaves their hands, never attempting to
revise or improve upon the first copy or edition.

Few works are as near perfect when first issued as their
authors could make them by a careful revision. We know
tliat some consider, that to correct their mistakes is merely
exhibiting their own original incompetency; but this is
certainly putting the matter in a false light, because it
should never be considered a disgrace to acknowledge our
faults, or even ignorance, for by doing so we prove to our
fellow-beings that we are still capable of learning.

EEVIEV/ OF NEW BOOKS. i

We have many Horticultural works issued years ago the
authors of which are still living, but they have never at-
tempted to improve upon the original copy, although the
means at their command are abundant ; but either through
ignorance or indolence they allow their works to remain
imperfect, which is a great loss to the public, and no
additional honor to themselves. Mr. Thomas appears to
have taken a practical view of this subject, and by con-
stantly accumulating facts from his own experience and
that of others, he has been enabled to give us the present
work, which is the best book on General Fruit Culture that
has ever appeared in America.

American Pomology — Apples. By Dr. John A. Wabder.
New York : Orange Judd & Co. 12mo ; 744 pp. $3.

Many of the readers of this volume will be surprised at
the amount of matter here brought together relative to one
of our most common fruits. But every one who has given
the subject any particular attention is aware that the Apple
has been in cultivation from the earliest times of which we
have any reliable record, and not only has it been treated
of in scores of volumes, but that the different varieties of
a single species have become really innumerable.

With this fact before us, we may readily perceive how
abundant are the materials from which not only one
volume of seven hundred pages might be compiled, but
seven or seventy times that number.

It is quite probable that there was a time when it might
have been necessary to collect all the sayings and doings of
different individuals upon a specified subject, to enable the
student to become passably conversant with it. But those

8 RECORD OF HORTICULTURE.

days are rapidly passing away, and the demand at the
present time is for thorough but condensed treatises upon all
scientific subjects. In Pomology, the mass of materials has
become so great, that it requires no inconsiderable skill to
determine which is really worthy of preservation. Dr.
Warder has certainly treated the subject of Apples most
thoroughly, and no one will have cause to complain of
brevity in the author, for all the different ramifications
which a fertile brain would be likely to discover are
minutely traced to their source. Errors there are, as
might be expected in so elaborate a work, but the num-
ber is too few to materially detract from the value of th^
whole. We welcome this Avork as a valuable contribution
to American Horticulture.

Beet Root Sugar, and Cultivation of the Beet. By E. B. Grant.
Boston, Mass. : Lee & Sliepard. 12mo ; lj)8 pp. $1.

The author of this work is entitled to the thanks of the
public for calling their attention to a source of wealth
which has heretofore attracted little or no thought on the
part of the American people. That beet-root sugar can be
made as cheaply in this country as elsewhere, there is scarce-
ly a doubt, and that the time will soon come when it will
be an article of commerce the same as cane sugar, is a
thing devoutly to be wished. This little volume of Mr.
Grant gives a complete history of the discovery and pro-
gress of beet-sugar manufacture, and no one can read it
without being impressed with the value of the statistics
given, as well as the practical and thorough elucidation of
the subject.

France at the present time depends almost entirely upon

REVIEW OF NEW BOOKS. \)

beet-root sugar for home consumption, exporting the cane
sugar produced by her colonies. Why can not the people
of the United States do the same thing, thus adding
another source of wealth to those which we already possess?
We would recommend the careful perusal of this little
book to all who feel an interest in the products of Ameri-
can soil.

Champagne Country. By Eobert Tomes. New York : Hurd &
Houghton. 12mo ; 231 pp. $3.

It is seldom that we meet a more interesting volume
than the one before us ; although evidently not in-
tended to be a strictly practical work, still it contains
many facts that are worthy of being remembered by every
vineyardist in America.

Wine-makers who want to know how to get up a rep-
utation for their wines, may find herein the requisite infor-
mation ; at least they can learn how it is done in the great
champagne districts of France. The author illustrates the
champagne country with the skill of an artist who not
only knows how to interest, but to instruct his readers ; at
the same time, all the minute details as to how champagne
is made are given, as well as the characteristics and habits
of the people of that country, all of which is told in a rich,
racy, and gossipy style, which can not fail to interest all
who have the least taste for grape culture or its products.
Those who indulge in sparkling wines, should not of all
persons fail to read this book, for they may thereby learn
to drink understanding!}^, which is, we fear, more than can
be truly said of every disciple of Bacchus.

1*

10 KECOKD OF HORTICULTUKE.

Gardening for Profit. A Guide to the Successful Cultivation of
Market and Family Garden. Illustrated. By Petek Hender-
son. New York : Orange Judd & Co. 243 pp. $1 50.

Gardening for Profit is certainly a very attractive title
for a book.

Profit is the name of a brilliant star which leads the
American into many unknown places, and to extremes
that would astonish the slow, plodding people of the Old
World. The author of this work is a well-known gardener
and florist Avho believes in doing things with all his
might. Moderation is not in his vocabulary, but to drive
business has become a matter of habit. " Gardening for
Profit" is just such a book as we might expect from a man
like the author. It is chiefly devoted to the cultivation
of vegetables, and shows plainly how to produce them in
quantities, and of the best quality. Farmers and gardeners
who have been used to that too common practice of skin-
ning the soil, will be surprised at the quantity of manure
whicli Mr. Henderson recommends per acre. But they
may rest assured that the gardeners in the vicinity of our
great cities can make money only in proportion to the quan-
tity of enriching materials which they apply to the soil.

If the young men of our country who contemplate the
cultivation of the soil for a living will read this work, we
can assure them that they will be taught a lesson that will
be worth a hundred times the cost of this volume.

Mr. Henderson shows the folly of undertaking the
cultivation of too much land, a mistake which nine tenths
of all the land-owners in the United States have made or
are now makins:.

EEVIEW OF NEW BOOKS. 11

"We sincerely recommend " Gardening for Profit" to all
cultivators of the soil.

Hyatt's Hand-Book of Grape Culture ; or, When, Where,
and How to Plant and Cultivate a Vineyard, etc., etc.
Especially adapted to the State of California. By T. Hart
Hyatt. San Francisco, California: H. H. Bancroft & Co.
12mo ; 279 pp. $2.

Califoruians have become so accustomed to expansion,
that it really seems to have taken a chronic form. Their
great trees so far out-top all similar vegetation in other
portions of this habitable globe, that they measure all their
products, both present and prospective, by the same
standard.

If a big beet or pear is produced, it is immediately
started on a tour to the Eastern States; and we poor
mortals who dwell in the land of small things are kindly
requested to fall down and worship these products of this
terrestrial Eden.

There may be an occasional perverse sinner among us
who will have the audacity to ask questions, or even doubt
whether these are fair samples of the whole crop of this
kind.

We have many reasons for believing that the soil and
climate of California are among the best in the world, but
that there are no unfavorable aspects in this newly dis-
covered Eden, as the author of the book before us en-
deavors to prove, we do not believe.

We are told, on page 20, that " the grape crop never
fails in this State (California), either in drought or wet
seasons ; or has not for a period of eighty years." This,

12 RECORD OF HORTICULTURE.

certainly, is a great inducement to plant vines ; but we are
assured, farther on, that, when properly planted^ they
never suffer from mildew or noxious insects. From this
we are led to infer that mildew and injurious insects are
known in California ; in fact, the author refers to one case
at least, where a friend of his made a complete failure in
his attempt to grow grapes.

Mr. Hyatt makes some prodigious estimates ; but in no
instance can we find that the actual results come within
fifty per cent, of them. For instance, on page 22, he says
" that there are 40,000,000 vines now planted in California,
and when tliey sliall all come to the age of, say, three to
five years, it may be fairly calculated that they will pro-
duce 40,000,000 gallons of wine each year." But if we
refer to the report of Col. Haraszthy, on page 76, we find
that his vines when five years old only yield three pounds
each ; and as it requires fifteen pounds of grapes to make one
gallon of wine, it appears that Mr. Hyatt's estimate is just
five times too high. Although we are told over and over
again in this volume that the grape is a sure crop in Cali-
fornia, and that it never fails, still we are constantly
reminded that there are great dilfei-ences in soils and loca-
tions, some of which are really good, while many others
are worthless. Again, on page 20, we are informed that
"the grape requires no irrigation in California;" but on
page 01, in quoting from an essay of Mr. Flint's, on tlie
Division of the Grape Lands of California, we find that he
divides them into several districts, and describes the pecu-
liarities of each —thus: "First, all that portion south of
Monterey County, with the exception of the volcanic range

KEVIKW OF IsVAV BOOKS. 13

of hills near San Gabriel. This district has long been cele-
brated for the abundance of its crops of large and luxuri-
ous dessert grapes, and, until a recent period, it furnished
nearly the entire supply of wine for home consumption as
well as export. The vineyards in this district are mostly
planted upon a sandy loam, and receive copious artificial
irrigation in the bearing season." It is passing "strange
that cultivators will go to the expense of irrigation if it is
not necessary. In an extract from the essay of Wm.
Daniels, given on page 57, we get another phase of Cali-
fornia climate ; he says : " A great portion of California is
subject to late frosts long after the vine has put forth its
young, tender shoots ;" from which one might infer that
frost did sometimes destroy the crop even in a land
where our author has said it never fails.

Perhaps these conflicting passages are owing to the fact
that the entire volume is made up of extracts from books,
reports of societies, essays by different grape-growers, all
of which are dovetailed together as it best suited the
author. There is, however, much valuable information in
the book, and no doubt it will serve the purpose for which
it was written, i. e., induce people to purchase California
grape lands; but so far as giving the vineyardist any
practical information about cultivation, pruning, training
etc., it is a lamentable failure.

The author appears to have had no personal experience,
but has depended mainly upon others for the few facts he
has given ; the original portion of the work is made of
prospective estimates of a soap-bubble order, described in
bombastic style.

14 EECOKD OF HOKTICULTUKE.

Mead's Grape Culture. An Elementary Treatise on American
Grape Culture and Wine Making. By Peter B. Mead. New
York : Harper & Brothers. 8vo ; 483 pp. $3

We always tbouglit the law forbidding the wearing of
masks a good one ; but there are some kinds of masks in
use that human laws do not recognize, and they are so
very co^nmon, that it "would be deemed impertinent to
attempt their description.

There is, however, one kind which is made of materials
so transparent that it does not conceal the object. Such a
mask is manifestly placed befoi'e the real author of this
volume.

No one Avho is acquainted with Mr. Mead doubts his
ability as an author ; but wlien we see such fulsome praise
emanating from his pen, bestowing upon one individual
horticulturist the entire credit of advancing the grape-
growing interest of this country and producing the
only grapes ^vorthy the attention of our vineyardists, we
can not but think he had some object besides that of the
progression of American grape culture in view. Perhaps
it was the lionizing of a patron. It is certainly quite
evident that, however valuable the Avork may prove to the
general reader, it Avas Mr. Mead's design that one person
in the community besides himself should be benefited by
its publication. AVe will quote a few passages in support
of our position.

In referring to Guyot's system of training and sheltering
the vine we lind the following, page 94: "Dr. Grant, just
before the appearance of Guyot's w^ork, suggested a form
of shelter havincj considerable resemblance to his."

EEVIEW OF NEW BOOKS. 15

Page 99 : " Giiyot's system of training improved." " We
say improved, because in our hands it has yiekled better
results. The improvement consists chiefly in making the
arm permanent instead of renewing it annually, and Avas
suggested by Dr. Grant." Page 122 : "To Dr. Grant be-
longs the merit of having brought the Thomery system
pre-eminently before the American public. It was he who
first studied and mastered it as a system," etc., etc. If
this be true, then the intellect of American horticulturists
must be weak indeed, and our author should have spared
them the humiliation of proclaiming to the world their
imbecility. Nearly or quite forty years ago the Thomery
system was described in American pomological works,
and has been repeated from time to time ever since ; but
if we are to believe ]Mr. Mead's assertion, to understand
the system was reserved for Dr. Grant.

Dr. Grant's seedlings come in for the lion's share of
praise throughout the work. lona is placed as best in
quality for table, market, and for wine. Israella lieads
the Isabella group ; if it has any faults, we are not
informed what they are. There is one other grape which
we are assured is likely to be an acquisition, and avc are
gravely told, on page 220: "It is a pleasure to meet a
grape sometimes that is in no danger of being confounded
with something else. It is now in the possession of Dr.
C. W. Grant." We wonder if this last paragraph does
not account for its many good and promising qualities.
Enough has been quoted from the work to show the
general drift of the Avhole.

All the exjjerience of the thousands of American vine-

16 " EECOKD OF HORTICULTURE.

yardists is discarded as of no value unless it proves tliat
Dr. Grant and his pet varieties are not far ahead of all
others. The thousands of tons of grapes annually pro-
duced and consumed in this country serve only to show
the vitiated taste of the American people. We have been
acquainted with the lona and Israella for the past eight
years, and fully believe that they are really valuable
varieties in locations where they will succeed; but there is
only a small portion of our country in which their success is
certain ; and Mr. Mead and Dr. Grant know full well that
nothing less than an earthquake which shall entirely re-
arrange the face of the country, and change the soil and
climate of a large portion of the United States, will ever
enable its inhabitants to grow these varieties with any
degree of success.

Mead's American Grape Culture contains many valuable
suggestions and much information which will be quite
acceptable to a large class of its readers. The work is
sj^lendidly illustrated, printed on fine paper, and ar-
ranged in an elegant dress. The attempt of the author
to introduce new words must j^rove to be a lamentable
failure. The English language is already sufficiently copi-
ous for all practical purposes, and no new words should be
admitted unless a necessity for it can be shown.

On page 343 the author introduces applowhtg^ instead
of the old and familiar term plowing to the vines, and on
page 344, deplowing is used instead of plowing from.
Now if there is any Saxon root tliat will admit of a Latin
preposition, either compound or derivative, then we will own
that it has escaped our notice. Why not go still farther,

REVIEW OF KEW BOOKS. 17

and have de-take^ to take up vines, for it will come under
the same rule.

The new words thallon^ athallage^ and athallizing^ coined
by Dr. Grant, will scarcely meet with any more favor
among j^ractical men or scholars than deplowing.

Lateral is a term the meaning of which is fully and
generally understood when applied to the vine, and it will
probably be a long time before thallon will drive this
older and better word out of use.

The learned Doctor's method of deriving the words
athallage and athalllzlng from a Greek root will be very
likely to amuse our great philologists ; and among practi-
cal men it will be placed alongside of the wonderful Greek
graft — described by Pliny in his seventeenth book, where-
by all manner of fruits were made to grow upon one root
or stock. But in these later days that kind of graft is
called by another name.

Report on the Disastrous Effects of the Destruction of Forest
Trees in the State of Wisconsin. By I. A. Lapham, J. G.
Knapp, and Hans Crocker. Madison, Wisconsin. 12mo ; 104
pp. Pamphlet.

It is seldom that we receive a pamphlet containing
60 much valuable information as this one, and we
regret that it was only published for distribution in a
single State, inasmuch as the subject treated of is one that
should receive the attention of every citizen of the United
States.

The Legislature of "Wisconsin, by special act passed
March 2-3, 1867, appointed a commission, consisting of the
three gentlemen named above, to ascertain what effect the

18 RECOliD OF HORTICULTURE.

clearing of the country of its forests had upon climate^
soil, and the future welfare of the people.

The report of said commission accords with facts well
known to every one who has investigated the subject,
and proves beyond a doubt that whenever a country
has been stripped of its forests, that the effect upon
climate and people is extremely deleterious, if not wholly
disastrous.

Desert wastes have been made in the Old World by the
Vandals, who destroyed the luxuriant groves of those
countries ; and the Abyssinian deserts if again surrounded
with forests would become as fertile as they were in ancient
times. Man alone has cursed these lands with barrenness,
and from such examples we may learn a lesson that may
profit us by its frequent contemplation.

In the pamphlet before us, many instances are cited
where a moist and humid climate has been changed to a
dry and arid one, merely by the destruction of large forests.
The cause of this is so apparent, that it is scarcely worth
an explanation, at least not in this brief notice of so excel-
lent a report.

The gentlemen have not depended upon their own ob-
servations or practical knowledge of the subject under
consideration, but have collected the materials from vari-
ous sources, particularly from the essays and writings of
various authors in this country, with a few extracts from
abroad. If the people to whom this address is made
will act upon the suggestions contained therein, they
will not only materially benefit themselves, but future
generations.

KEVIEW OF NEW BOOKS. 19

Squashes — How to Grow Them. A Practical Treatise on Squash
Culture. By James J. H. Gregory, Marblehead, Mass. New
York : Orange Judd & Co. 12mo ; 70 pp. ; paper, 30 cents.

In the past few years there has been a decided change
in the treatment of Horticultural subjects.

Authors have found that materials were becoming so
abundant, that a single volume would no longer answer
for the full elucidation of all Horticultural products.

Pomology has been separated into several branches,
and, in a few instances, a volume has been devoted to a
single species of fruit. Mr. Gregory has adopted the same
plan, and given us a very practical treatise on the cultiva-
tion of Squashes. We miss many of our old favorites in
this volume, and wish that the author had said more upon
the cultivation of squashes and pumpkins as food for
cattle. The work, so far as it goes, is the best treatise we
have upon the subject.

The Grapevine. A Practically Scientific Treatise on its Manage-
ment. By Frederick Mohr, Doctor of Philosophy and Medi-
cine, etc. Translated from the German by Horticola. New
York : Orange Judd & Co. 129 pp. $1.

Very few of the European works on grape culture are
of any practical value to the vineyardist of America.

This one of Dr. Mohr's, however, is an exception, as it
deals mainly with principles which are as applicable to
the vines in our own gardens as in that of the author.

The volume before us is full of excellent liints, sugges-
tions, as well as the elucidations of principles, and their
application to practice, all of which are of great value to
the novice in grape culture as well as those who have had
considerable experience.

20 EECOKD OF HORTICULTUEE.

We do not fully agree with the learned author as to
some of the modes of training and pruning given by him,
for they have not been successful when applied to our
native varieties; still, upon the whole, the principles, as
well as the practical matter, will be highly appreciated by
every horticulturist in this country. A large amount of
valuable matter has been added by the translator (Dr.
Chas. Siedhof), who is himself a master-hand in Horti-
culture, and has long been known to the public under
the nonn de plume of Horticola.

The Small -Fruit Culturist. By Andrew S. Fuller. New
York : Orange Judd «fc Co. 12mo ; 376 pp. $1 50.

Small-fruit culture has made such rapid strides in the
past few years, that abundant materials were at hand
from which to make a volume devoted exclusively to the
subject. Whether the author of the " Small-Fruit Cul-
turist" has done justice to the subject or not, remains for
the public to decide. The thousands of copies which have
been sold by the publishers since it was first issued, show
conclusively that the j^ublic are searching for information
regarding the cultivation and propagation of the plants
named in this volume. We have numerous precedents to
show that an author may sometimes speak well of his
own works ; but fearing that we might furnish a number
of small critics an opportunity of rushing into print and
thereby gaining a brief notoriety for their talent, we
will dismiss this work by saying that it has no com-
petitor, being the only work of the kind in the English
lanjruaire.

REVIEW OF NEW BOOKS. 21

The Vegetable World. Being a History of Plants, witli their
Botanical Description and Peculiar Properties. By Louis
FiGUiER. New York : D. Appleton & Co. 8vo ; 576 pp. ;
cloth. $G.

This is most splendidly illustrated, and, on the whole,
very valuable, although the reader must be well posted
on the subject to avoid the numerous errors that occur in
almost every chapter. We can not for a moment suppose
that these mistakes are the author's, but must have
been made by the translator. Louis Figuicr is a very
successful author of several popular works, and although
he is not considered high authority in botany, he knows
very well that the female organs of Juglans regia are not
borne in catkins — page 359; or that lilies are not all water-
plants — page 321. Many such errors might be cited ; but
it is doubtful if the English or American publishers will
ever take the trouble to correct them, even if they were
all pointed out, consequently nothing would be gained by
our fault-finding. •

Vineyard Culture. Improved and Cheapened. By A. Du
Breuil. Translated by E. and C. Parker, with Notes and
Adaptations to American Culture by John A. Warder. Cin-
cmnati, Ohio : Robert Clarke & Co. 12mo ; 337 pp. $2.

Du Breuil's name is probably more familiar to the
horticulturists of this country than that of any othei
French author.

Aside from the numerous copies of his works to be
found in both public and private libraries, copious extracts
from them are inserted in many of the English as well as
American books on jrardeninir. This of itself is sufficient

22 EECOKD OF HOKTICULTUEE.

to show how highly his writings are valued wherever
they are known ; and we doubt not but what this trans-
lation of one of Du BreuiPs best works will be quite ac-
ceiDtable to thousands of American horticulturists. To be
sure, grape culture in Europe and that of this country are
conducted upon quite different principles; but it is well
for vineyardists to understand both, if they wish to attain
anything like perfection. The copious notes of Dr.
Warder acid very materially to the value of the work,
and are in themselves a treatise worthy of perusal.

We ho-pe the success of this book will be such as
to induce our publishers to give us many more of the
standard European works on Horticulture.

"Whitlock's Horticultural Advertiser. Issued quarterly from
the Office of All Nurseries in One, 37 Park Row, New York.
Price 50 cents per annum.

The Horticultural Advertiser is published mainly for
the purpose of infm-ming the public where they can j^ur-
chase seeds and plants.

In addition to giving the requisite information in regard
to purchasing nursery stock, it also contains many valu-
able essays, both original and selected. These alone are
worth far more than the subscription price, and justly
entitles the Advertiser to a place among Horticultural
periodicals.

Mr. Whitlock has established a Horticultural Exchange,
which Avill, no doubt, be of great benefit to nurserymen
in general, and we wish him abundant success.

EEPOETS OF nOETICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 23

n.

REPORTS OF
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES.

There are many Horticultural Societies in the United
States that publish an annual report of their proceedings.
These volumes usually contain a large amount of valuable
matter, which would interest and instruct others besides
the members of the Society from which they emanate.
But under the present system of issuing only a sufficient
number of copies to supply members, the public at large
are debarred from any benefit therefrom. Now, as it is
chiefly from the local experience of individual horticultu-
rists in different sections of the country that we are to
determine the true value of any Horticultural product,
therefore by collecting the information desired from the
various reports, we can very readily ascertain whether
any variety of fruit, flower, or vegetable is adapted to
general cultivation, or merely to certain soils and circum-
scribed localities. It may be said that every one who de-
sires the reports of Societies should become members, and
thereby be entitled to them ; but this would not be exactly
fair, inasmuch as members who reside at a distance would
be debarred from attending meetings and exhibitions,
consequently receive no benefit, except that derived from
the published reports, which in many instances would not
be worth the cost of subscription. In these days of cheap

24 KEUOKD OF HORTICULTUKE.

publications, and abundance of them, few of us feel like
paying one, two, or three dollars for the rejDort of a Society
which does not cost one fourth of that sum. Having
experienced considerable difficulty in obtaining the reports
of the various Societies, and knowing that there are others
who feel the same interest on the subject as ourselves, we
suggest that the different Societies shall print an extra
number of copies of their j^roceedings, and place them in
the hands of one or more of our prominent Horticultural
book publishers for sale. If this or some similar plan can
be adopted and carried out, the field of usefulness of each
Society would be greatly enlarged, and those desiring the
reports would know where to obtain them. We believe
this course would have a very salutary effect upon the
Societies themselves, for members knowing that their
individual suggestions and recommendations were to be
read by tliose outside of their immediate vicinity, would
be more circumspect in both.

We would be pleased to notice the reports of all
the Horticultural Societies in the United States and
Canadas, but can not do so unless copies are forwarded to
us, o'r we are informed where they can be obtained.

Reports of the following-named Societies have been
received in the past year :

Illinois State Horticultural Society. Officers : Ehner Baldwin,
President ; W. C. Flagg, Corresponding and Recording Secre-
tary; O. L. Barler, Assistant Secretary; Jonathan Iliggins,
Treasurer.

Tlie first meeting of the Illinois Horticultural Society
was held at Peoria on the 15th of October, 1846.

EEP0RT3 OF IIORTICULTUKAL SOCIETIES. 25

In November of the following year another was held at
Farmington, Fulton Co., at which there was an unsuccess-
ful attempt made at organization.

Kothing more was done toward establishing a Society
until 1851, when the Northwestern Fruit-Growers' Asso-
ciation was organized. This Society continued to hold
meetings and fairs, and to publish annual reports until
1857, when it was merged into the present State Horticul-
tural Society.

The Legislature of Illinois having become aware of the
usefulness of this Society, voted at its last session an
appropriation of two thousand dollars per annum, to be
expended in tlie payment of premiums, and jjublishing the
transactions of the Society. This timely and well-merited
assistance places the Society on a firm basis, and through
the exertions of its efficient officers it will soon rank, if it
does not already, among the foremost Horticultural Asso-
ciations in America.

The transactions of the twelfth meeting is now going
through the press, and judging from the advanced sheets,
kindly furnished us by the Secretary, it will be superior to
any of the previous very excellent reports.

Fourth Annual Report of the Proceedings of the West Jersey
Fruit-Growers' Association for 1866-7. Emmor Roberts,
President; William A. Garrigues, Nathan Leeds, Geo. L.
Gillingham, Vice-Presidents ; Samuel L. Allen, Recording
Secretary; AYm. Parry, Corresponding Secretaiy; Edwin Rob-
erts, Treasurer.

A very neat pamphlet of thirty-eight pages, containing
lists of the fruits which succeed in West Jersey.

2

26 KECOIiD OF HORTICULTURE.

The small-fruits appear to receive more attention from
the members of this Society than the larger ones, although
apples, pears, and peaches are cultivated by those who
can make them remunerative. The great value of the
reports of this Association no one will doubt, because the
members are practical men who give to the public what-
ever information they have derived from actual experience.
Facts appear to be a staple commodity among the West
Jersey fruit-growei*s, and if a particular variety of fruit is
recommended, the public may rest assured that some one
or more of the members of this Society has an indisputable
witness of the truth in his pockets.

Massachusetts Horticultural Society. J. F. C. Hyde, Presi-
dent ; Samuel H. Gibbens, Corresponding Secretary ; E. Sprague
Kand, Recording Secretary; Edwin W. Buswell, Treasurer;
John L. Russell, Professor of Botany.

This old and very wealthy Society appears to be in
the most prosperous condition. Whatever the members
undertake to do, whether it be to hold an exhibition or
to build a new hall, they are sure to have their efforts
crowned with success. No better evidence of the pros-
perity of this Society could be offered than the simple
fact that three thousand six hundred dollars were appro-
priated for premiums in 1867. The schedule of prices for
the year fills thirty-one pages of an octavo pamphlet,
while the annual report is a volume of over one hundred
pages of the same size.

The Massachusetts Horticultural Society has become
one of the permanent and useful institutions of the
country.

EEPORTS OF HOKTICULTUKAL SOCIETIES. 27

In addition to the afore-mentioned Societies, we offer
the following brief notes on Societies whose full reports
we have not seen :

Kansas Horticultural Society.

This Society was organized at Lawrence, on Dec. 11th,
1867, at which time the various fruits cultivated in that
region of country were discussed in a manner which
showed that the members were awake to the importance
of an exchange of facts derived from the experience of
individuals. The following officers were elected for 1868 :
Wm. Tanner, President, Leavenworth, Kan. ; C. B. Lines,
Vice-President, Wabunsee ; G. C. Bracket, Secretary,
Lawrence ; S. T. Kelsey, Treasurer, Ottawa.

Northern Illinois Horticultural Society. Samuel Edwards,
La Moille, Bureau Co., President ; Ira L. Bailey, Mt. Carroll Co,,
A. R. Whitney, Franklin Grove, Lee Co., Smiley Shepherd,
Hennepin, Putnam Co., Tyler McWhorter, Aledo, Mercer Co.,
Edgar Sanders, Chicago, Cook Co., Robert Douglass, Waukegan,
Lake Co., B. N. McKinstry, East Sumner, Kankakee Co., Alex.
Strachan, Rocktbrd, Winnebago Co., W. E. Luken, Sterling,
Whiteside Co., C. H. Rosenstiel, Freeport, Stephenson Co., Vice-
Presidents ; D. Wilmot Scott, Galena, Jo Daviess Co., Corre-
sponding Secretary; H. D. Emery, Chicago, Cook Co., D. E. Peck,
Marengo, McHenry Co., Recording Secretaries; L. Woodward,
Marengo, Treasurer; Samuel Edwards, ex-officio, Ira L. Bailey,
Mt. Carroll, E. H. Skinner, Marengo, Executive Committee.

This is a new Society lately organized.
The Constitution of the State Horticultural Society,
with slight amendments, was adopted.

Missouri State Horticultural Society. Charles Peabody, Presi-
dent; 1st. District, J. M. Jordon ; 2d, Thomas Walker; 3d, Alvah
Culver; 4th, Felix F. Fine; 5th, James L. Miner; 6th, Elbridge

28 EECOED OF HORTICULTUEE.

Burden; 7th, H. M. Yotia; 8tli, J. N. Seaton; 9th, William
Stark, Vice-Presidents ; R S. Elliot, Kirkwood, Corresponding
Secretary; William Mnir, Fox Creek, Recording Secretary;
John H. Tice, St. Louis, Treasurer.

This Society is now in its tenth year, and we understand
that it is in a very promising condition. The people of
Missouri should aim to make their Society the beacon light
of all others, for the State will soon be the great center
of the Union.

Iowa State Horticultural Society. J, B. Grinnell, Poweshiek
Co., President; James Mathews, Marion Co., Vice-President;
D. W. Adams, Alamakee Co., Secretary; David Leonard, Des

Moines Co., Treasurer.

Pennsylvania Horticultural Society.

A few years since this Society had a fearful struggle to
maintain an existence. But through the exertions of a
few industrious horticulturists, both amateur and profes-
sional, it has risen phoenix-like, and can now boast of one
of the most beautiful horticultural halls in the world.

The first exhibition held in the new building was on
the 24th, 25th, and 26th of September last, and is said to
have been the most successful one ever held by the
Society.

American Pomological Society.

The eleventh session of this truly national Society was
held at St. Louis, Mo., September 11, 18-67, continuing for
three days.

The display of fruit was equal, if not superior, to that
of any other session — and, upon the whole, the meeting

KEPOKTS OF IIORTICULTUKAL SOCIETIES. 29

■was a great success. JMost of the officers were re-
elected.

James Vick, Jr., the Secretary, resigned, and F. R.
Elliot, of Cleveland, Ohio, elected. As this Society is a
national one, every horticulturist, or those who take an
interest in the subject, should become members, and
thereby entitled to the reports, which are of great
value.

Lake Shore Grape-Growers' Association. Dr. J. J. Dunham,
President ; Captain J. Brown, Jr., Vice-President ; M. B. Bate-
man, Secretary; Rev. R. H. Leonard, Treasurer; L. D. Greswall,
S. B. Marshall, J. E. Mottier, J. H. Tryon, G. E. Ryclimon, W.
H. Lewis, H. Kelley, Directors.

The grape-growers of Ohio have organized a Society
under the above name, which has been quite successful.

The cultivation of the grape in Ohio is the most promi-
nent feature in her Horticultural products — and it is no
wonder that those interested in the subject should organ-
ize and sustain a Society that has for its object the promo-
tion and extension of grape culture.

Cincinnati Horticultural Society. Captain W. P. Anderson,
President; W. Stems, Robert Buchanan, and George Graham,
Vice-Presidents ; L. A. Hine, Secretary ; Robert Clarke, Treas-
urer; E. A. Thompson, Hermann Haerling, J. L. Stettinius,
Council.

Ohio Horticultural Society. The officers elected for the ensuing
year are : Dr. J. A. Warder, Cincinnati, President ; George "W".
Campbell, Delaware, Vice-President ; M. B. Batcham, Paines-
ville. Secretary and Treasurer ; A. B. Buttles, Columbus, N. L.
Wood, Smithfield, N. Ohmer, Dayton, and D. C. Richmond,
Sandusky, Committee ad interim.

30 KECORD OF HOKTICULTUEE.

The annual meeting of the Ohio Pomological Society
was held at Sandusky last December, on the 4th, 5th, and
6th instant.

Jefferson County (Mo.) Horticultural Society. Officers for
1868: T. Walker, President; W. S. Jewett, Vice-President; J.
E. Walker, Secretary ; H. P. Bates, Treasurer and Librarian.

Western (N. Y.) Horticultural Society. W. B. Smitli, Syracuse,
President; James Vick, Rochester, J. J. Thomas, Union Springs,
J. W. Helmer, Lockport, Vice-Presidents ; H. G. Warner, Roch-
ester, Secretary and Treasurer; H. E. Hooker, Rochester, Thomas
Smith, Geneva, E. Ware Sylvester, Lyons, Hon. E. Moody, Lock-
port, E. A. Frost, Rochester, Executive Committee ; J. J. Thomas,
Union Springs, P. Barry, Rochester, John Crane, Lockport, F. W.
Lay, Greece, C. W. Seeley, Rochester, Committee on Native
Fruits; George Ellwanger, Rochester, C. Downing, Newburg,
John Fisher, Batavia, E. Moody, Lockport, T. C. Maxwell,
Geneva, Committee on Foreign Fruits.

NEW FKUITS. 31

m.
NEW FRUITS.

In making tlie following notes on fruits we do not pro-
pose to confine ourselves entirely to those kinds which
have been introduced in the past year.

A variety may be new in one country or locality and
old in another, consequently we have to speak of things
as they appear to us. Moreover, the real value of any
variety can scarcely be ascertained in one or two years ;
and as good and bad qualities are constantly being
developed in old as well as new kinds, it becomes necessary
to refer to them for the purpose of keeping our record
complete.

We do not, however, propose to refer to old varieties
unless some new merit or demerit has been noticed in the
past year.

In referring to varieties that have been figured or
described in any of our Horticultural j^eriodicals in the
past year, we shall give due credit to each.

APPLES.

Bottle Greening. — Yellowish green, with red cheek
covered with rich purplish bloom as deep as on the plum.
When fully ripe, the fruit is a golden yellow with red
cheek. The flesh is subacid, almost melting ; core, small.
Li season from October to February. From Vermont.

32 EECORD OF HORTICULTUIiE. .

Figured and described, American Journal of Horticulture^
June, 1867.

JBeauty of America. — A large yellow winter apple of
good quality, which has been but little cultivated, although
known to the poraologists of Ohio for many years. It is
now thought to be worthy of more extended cultivation.
Figured and described in the Horticulturist for March,
1867.

Crotcher. — Medium size oblate conic ; skin, whitish,
sometimes with a slight blush, and thinly sprinkled with
white dots. Of a rich subacid flavor. Ripens in August.
Figured and described in Horticulturist for October.

Dodge's Crimson. — From Cumberland 'Co., Tenn. A
promising winter variety. Figured and described in
American Agriculturist for March.

Duchess of Oldenhurg (Syn. Dorovitsky Carlowinsky).
— An old variety from Russia. It was placed on the
rejected list of the American Pomological Society in 1858,
but restored to partial favor in 1862. In the last few
years it has been discovered that this is one of the most
hardy varieties in cultivation, consequently it has become
very popular in our Northwestern States. Nurserymen in
those regions have found it impossible to supply the
demand for this variety. One nurseryman in Wisconsin
(J. S. Stickney) writes that a large portion of the 600,000
stocks worked the present winter will be with the
Ducliess of Oldenbui-g, and the balance with Siberian
Crab Apple. Mr. Stickney has had twenty years' experi-
ence in apple-gi-owing in Wisconsin, and we presume lie
knows what kinds are the most valuable in that section

NEW FliUITS.

33

of the country. We mention this circumstance for the
purpose of showing that a variety of fruit may have a
local value far above its general one.

Ilunfs Busset. — From Old Concord, Mass. Medium
size, russet, with ix'd and greenish yellow on sunny side.
Excellent subacid flavor, and keeps all winter. It is a
pojDular variety in the vicinity where it originated. De-
scribed in Americcui Journal of Horticulture^ Vol. II.,
page 271.

Himtsmcui' s Favorite. — From Fayetteville, Mo. De-
scribed in Cohnan^s Rural VTorld as a fine winter apple.

Hasche (fig. 1). — Medium, roundish, flattened at the

ends ; skin, glossy, smooth, greenish yellow ; flesh, yel-
lowish, crisp, juicy, mild subacid, rich and high flavored.

2*

34: EECOKD OF EOKTICULTUEE.

Season, December to Marcli. F. R. Elliot, in Horti-
culturist for December, 1867.

Sawyer. — From Hillsborough, 111. A very beantiful
and excellent variety wliich it is said will keep sound and
fresh until June or July. Should it sustain its present
reputation, it will be of great value, particularly for the
more Southern States. Described in Cohna7i's liural
World, also in American Journal of Horticulture.

PEAES.

There have been quite a number of new varieties intro-
duced to notice in the past year. Forty-one seedlings,
raised by Dr. Shurtleff, of Brookline, Mass., were described
in Hoveifs Magazine of Horticulture for March, 1867.
One of these has attracted considerable attention under
the name of General Banks, and was figured and described
in Honey's Magazi7ie for October. In the American
Journal of Horticulture for November, the same pear is
described under the name of " Pemberton."

Royal Pears. — Mr. Huyshe, of England, has raised
several new pears, to which he has" given royal names.
They were figured in the Gardener'' s Year Booh (English)
far 1867, also in the Horticulturist for April. The names
of these new varieties are, Victoria, Prince of Wales,
Princess of Wales, and Prince Consort. They are liighly
recommended by some of the English pomologists. We
do not know Avhether they have been introduced into this
country or not.

It requires many years to ascertain the real value of
any variety of pear, therefore it would be folly for us to

NEW FKUITS. 35

attempt an enumeration of the good or bad qualities of
new sorts.

Among the many comparatively new varieties we name
the following as promising :

Amelia le Glerc, — Very large and beautiful dessert
pear, which ripens in November. Raised by the late Leon
le Clerc, of Laval. Foreign.

Beurre de Jonghe. — A new Belgian variety of great
promise. Flesh, pinkish white ; very juicy and excellent.
Ripens in December and January.

JBeurre de Fromentel. — Raised by M. Fontaine, of
Ghelin, and disseminated by M. A. Verschaffelt, of Ghent,
in Belgium. Fruit, very large, and described as one of the
most delicious pears known. Ripens during October and
November.

JBrialmont. — Imported from Belgium several years ago.
Mentioned in FlekVs Pear Culture in 1858. Trees of this
variety have fruited near Boston, and we have heard it
spoken of as A^ery promising.

Clapi^s Favorite.— 'K first-rate early variety, which is
rapidly growing in favor. It resembles our old favorite
the Bartlett, but ripens a week or ten days earlier. One
of our best native varieties. Figured and described in
American Agriculturist and American Journal of
JSorticulture.

DancCs Hovey. — Another comparatively new variety of
excellent quality. It is not large enough to attract atten-
tion from its appearance, but like the Seckel, must become
known to be fully appreciated. Described in Hoveifs
Magazine^ also in American Journal of Horticulture.

3(5

KECOED OF HORTICULTURE.

General Banks. — One of Dr. SliurtlcfF's seedlings, the
name of which has lately been changed to " Pemberton."
See Hovel/ s Magazine lor October, and American Jour-
nal of Horticulture for N'ovember.

Quinn. — Supposed to be of European origin, but named
for P. T. Quinn, Newark, N. J., who exhibited it at the
Farmer's Club of the American Institute. The committee
appointed by the club to report upon its merits describe

Fij?. 2.

it as a fruit below medium size, pyriform, tapering rapidly
toward the stem; flesh, rich and juicy, and free from
grittiness; in flavor and aroma, best. Pipens January
and February.

NEAV FKUITS.

37

PEACHES IN 1867.

Very few new varieties have appeared the past season.
Many of our old sorts are so near perfection that we can
hardfy expect to make much further progress in the way
of new varieties. An occasional freak of nature may
present us with a new feature, but in intrinsic vahie there
is little to be hoped for.

AUda (fig. 2). — Originated with Charles Carpenter, of
Kelly's Island, Ohio. Supposed to be a seedling of Craw-

ford's Late ; quite as large, but much darker, red cheeked,
and nearly round. Flesh, dark yellow, rich, juicy, and excel-
lent. Figured and described in Horticulturist^ February.

Amelia (fig. 3).-

-Originated with George Husraann,

38

KECOKD OF HORTICULTUEE.

Hermann, Mo. Fruit, large, round, with well defined
suture ; color, clear, rich yellow, marbled with dull red ;
flesh, thick, yellow, rich, juicy, sweet, and separating
freely from the stone. Described in Horticulturist for
December.

Foster''s Seedling. — Originated with J. T. Foster, of
Medford, Mass. Fruit, large, slightly flattened, with
slight suture ; flesh, yellow, very rich and good. De-
scribed in American Journal of Horticulture^ Yol. II.,
page 277.

Flat Peach of China. — We notice this peach for the
rig 4

Fig. 5. •

purpose of eliciting information in regard to its merits.
It was introduced into this country many years since, but
we are not aware that any of our nurserymen or amateurs
have it in their collections at tlie present time. The
singular form of tliis variety makes it an object of curi-
osity, if nothing more.

Fig. 4 shows a cross-section, natural size of a specimen

NEW FKUITS.

39

exhibited before the London Horticultural Society in
1821. The stone is quite small and deeply furrowed, as
shown in fig. 5. A full description and colored plate is
given in the Transactions for 1821 of the above-named
Society. As varieties of peculiar habit are becoming
quite popular of late, it would be well for some of our
enterprising nurserymen to re-introduce this species if it
has become extinct in this country.

Italian Dwarf. — When or by whom this variety was

Fig. 6.

introduced we are not informed. It is very dwarfish in
its habit, more so than any other variety in cultivation.
Fruit, medium size, greenish white ; flesh, white, with red
stains near the center ; in quality not first-rate ; stone,
small ; flowers, large and showy ; leaves, serrate. Speci-
mens started in January in green-house did not ripen their
fruit until the 1st of September. The pots were removed
to the open border in summer. The past season was very
wet in the vicinity, New York city, and this may account

40 RECOKD OF IIOF.TICLLTUKE.

for the late ripening. We fear, however, that this variety
is naturally too late for open culture in the Northern
States.

Fig. G shows a cross-section of a specimen which
ripened on a plant grown in a pot the past season. The
tree was sixteen inches high and eight inches in diameter,
and ripened six peaches. Described in ATnerican Journal
of Horticulture.

Van Buroi's Golden Dwarf. — Another dwarf variety,
but not quite so much so as the Italian. Fruit is also
larger and more oblong, although it is sometimes quite
round. Skin, yellow, w^ith red cheek ; flesh, yellow, sub-
acid, and good, adheres iirmly to the stone. Ripens
rather late for the Northern States, unless started under
glass or placed on the south side of a wall. Figured and
described in American Journal of Horticulture.

The dwarf peaches are worthy of a place in every
garden as ornamental plants, if for nothing more. With
a little care in giving protection, and a warm situation in
summer, they may be made to produce a fine show of
fruit.

PLUMS.

For a number of years past the cultivation of the plum
lias been confined to such narrow limits, that little atten-
tion has been paid to the production of new varieties.
The curculio is fast becoming master of the field, and we
fear that plum culture will have to be abandoned unless
some effectual remedy can be discovered to protect them
asrainst the ravaores of the little turk.

NEW FTwUITS.

41

New varieties have been introduced from, time to time
which were said to be curculio proof, but these promises
were never made good, and we may rest assm'ed that no
such variety will ever be produced. The curculio is not
very particular as to the kind of fruit in which it deposits
its eggs, and if none is at hand, the warts on a cherry-
tree or a fresh oak gall will be used instead. The wild
plum in some sections has partially escaped, while the
foreign species has been destroyed, and this has induced a

Fig. 7.

few cultivators to suppose that our native varieties would
always be exempt from the attacks of this insect. Some
of our native kinds are wortli cultivating, but they are
not any more reliable than some of the foreign varieties.
One of the largest and best of the natives is the Miner
Plum, fig. 7. It is quite large, of a deep red color, and
as good as the best of this species. Tree, a strong and
vigorous grower, and quite productive. Figured and
described in Horticulturist for October.

42

EECOED OF nOETICULTUEE.

Fig. 8.

NEW FKUITS. 43

NATIVE GKAPES.

In some portions of the Eastern States, the past season
was a very wet one, and but few varieties of the grape
fully matured. At the West, the other extreme was
experienced, but not to such an extent as to materially
injure the crop. All of the more delicate varieties of
grapes have suffered more or less in all sections, and our
vineyardists will be more cautious in the future, and avoid
those kinds which are likely to fail when a slight change
in seasons occurs. Very few new varieties have been
announced, and we have little cause to change our opinion
in regard to those of previous years.

ArnolcVs 'Hybrids. — Mr. Charles Arnold, of Paris,
Canada West, has been very successful in his experiments
with grapes. He has produced several very promising
hybrids, some of which we have had an opportunity of
testing the past season, and we append our notes made at
the time.

Arnold's JVo. 1. — Bunch, large, shouldered, moderately
compact ; berry, medium, slightly oval, black, with thin
bloom ; flesh, firm, sprightly, rather acid, will probably be
better in more favorable seasons.

JVo. 2. — Bunch, large, long, and tapering, shouldered ;
berry, medium, round, black, with very thin bloom ; skin,
thin; seeds, small; flesh, tender, with little pulp, juicy,
sprightly, and good.

JVo. 5. — Bunch, very long, shouldered, rather loose;
berry, small, round, greenish white, with thin bloom ;
flesh, with considerable toughness, rather acid, and not

44 EECOED OF IIOETICULTUKE.

rich. It is a very handsome grape, and we hope will
imj^rove in quality in move favorable seasons.

N'o. 8. — Bunch and berry small, about the size of the
Clinton ; black ; of a rich subacid flavor ; flesh, very
tender; seeds, small. In quality we consider this the
best, but may change our opinion another year.

No. 16. — Bunch, medium to large, compact ; berry,
medium, nearly round ; color, black, with bloom ; flesh,
slightly pnlpy, rather acid, specimen evidently not fully
matured. Fig. 8 is a fair representation of the specimen
received from Mr. Arnold. Figured and described in
horticulturist for December.

Arrott. — A new white grape, which promises well in
the vicinity of New York, also at the West. In quality
it is good, if not first-rate.

AmcmdcL — From Missouri, where it is said to promise
well.

Aughwich. — A new black graj^e from Pennsylvania,
resembling the Clinton, recommended for wine.

Berks or Lehigh. — We received a vine of this variety
several years since, and this season it bore fruit, which, to
our taste, is very much like tlie Catawba.

JjlacJc King. — Said to be a fox grape ; but the specimen
vines we received from a very reliable source, have per-
sisted in bearing Clinton grapes.

Christine. — Tliis is also sent out under the name of
Telegraph ; the fii'st is, however, tlie right name ; so
say those who are presumed to know its history. It
promises to be a valuable wine grape, not only in this
country but in Europe, where it is now under trial.

NEW FKUITS. 45

Claret. — We have received vines of this variety from
three different vine-growers, all of wliich have proved to
be the Clinton. If there is a distinct variety known as
the Claret, we shall be happy to learn w^here it can be
obtained.

Eumelan. — A new black grape, not yet disseminated.

Hme Seedling. — Supposed to have originated in Ohio.
A small red variety of excellent quality. Exhibited before
the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society.

Janesville. — Raised by Mr. Loudon, of Janesville, Wis.
The original stock of vines is said to have been sold for
$1,000. We shall probably hear more of this variety
another season.

Keuka. — An accidental seedling found on the w^est
shore of Crooked Lake, N. Y. Keuka is said to be the
old Indian name of this lake. We give the description
furnished us by Mr. J. M. McDowell, who exhibited the
Keuka at the grape show lield at 245 Broadw^ay, New
York, in October last. Bunch, medium, loose, and some-
times shouldered; berry, medium to large, oval, black;
skin, thin and tender, rich in coloring matter ; flesh,
tender, juicy, with little pulp, sprightly and vinous.
Ripens early, 1st to 10th of September. Vine, a good
grower and productive. Promises to be a very valuable
■wine grape.

JLyclia. — The more experience we have w4th this variety
the less w^e value it. Our vines not only winter kill to the
ground, but the young grow^th is badly affected with
mildew.

Martha. — This new white grape is not so good in

46 EECOED OF HORTICULTUEE.

quality as we anticipated, being a little too foxy in flavor ;
still, it is passably good. The vine is hardy and healthy,
and that is a great recommendation, particularly while we
have so few varieties that possess these merits.

Omega. — A new variety from the West, resembling the
Catawba, but said to be better. Not known at the East.

Ono7idaga. — Exhibited at the American Institute Fair
in 1865, by L. P. ISToble. It resembles the Diana both in
color and quality, although not quite so musky in flavor.
The vines are now in the hands of W. Brown Smith, of
Syracuse, N". Y., and will be disseminated so soon as a
sufficient stock can be 2:rown.

Paxton. — A new variety discovered by F. F. Merceron,
Catawissa, Pa. It is said to resemble the Concord, but
superior. I^ot yet disseminated.

Red Shepherd. — Our oldest vines of this variety fruited
abundantly the past season. Fruit of the smallest size,
and not edible. Mr. Estell can claim the honor of intro-
ducing the most worthless grape ever seen in America.

Rogers' Ilyhrids. — These varieties have been so
generally disseminated in the last five or six years, that
their real value should soon be fully ascertained.

There is, however, one great impediment to our obtain-
ing reliable information in regard to the different numbers,
for the very good reason that they have been so inex-
tricably mixed that few of our growers are able to separate
and place each under its original number. There are a
few of these varieties that are so distinct that they may
readily be known ; but tlicre arc others which will require
considerable skill and long acquaintance to enable one to

NEW FRUITS. 47

identify them. We have now another source from which
confusion is to be multiplied many-fold, and that is in
sending out the Salem, which was formerly distributed as
No. 22. Salem was selling the past season for $10 per
vine, while good vines of 22 could be had for a dollar,
and both are the same variety. It may be said (and in
fact it has been), that few possessed the genuine No. 22,
and this may be true ; but every one who has purchased a
vine under that dumber will be very likely to think that
he has the genuine, whether it is true or not. Many of us
purchased our first samples of Mr. Rogers or Col. Wilder
six or seven years ago, and have full as much confidence
in our stock as we would have in that of others.

We have heard that it is proposed to name No. 4, Col.
Wilder. If this is done, it will be bestowing great honor
upon the grape. Nurserymen should take warning, and
be ready with a large stock.

These Hybrids, upon the whole, are growing in favor,
and it is a pity that a few of the best could not be selected
by a competent committee and the others laid aside.
Progress is retarded in this instance by numbers.

VaiiderhurgJi. — A new and promising variety from
Lansingburg, N. Y., not yet sent out.

Weehawken. — We had an oj^portunity of examining
the original vine of this variety when in fruit the past
season. Bunch, medium, shouldered, compact; berry,
medium, round, greenish white; flesh, firm, sweet, and
delicious. It is a seedling of a foreign variety, and suc-
ceeds well in the garden of the originator, Dr. Charles
Siedhof, Weehawken, N. J.

48 RECOKD OF IIORTICULTUKE.

While's Ilyhrida. — Mr. A. P. Wylie, of South Carolina,
is said to have produced some very promising hybrids
between the Clinton and Black Hamburgh. The Clinton is
one of our hardiest and most healthy varieties, and a good
stock from which to raise new sorts. Mr. Arnold's success
with the Clinton has, as well as Mr. Wylie's, proved beyond
a doubt that some very valuable varieties may be expected
from this source.

BLACKBEREIES. *

The blackberry appears to attract the larger share of
attention among tlie small-fruit growers. Several new
varieties have made their appearance in the past year, and
most of the older ones have done so well that plantations
of this fruit are being greatly extended. The prospects of
small-fruit culture are certainly very encouraging, but it
is to be hoped that our horticulturist will not go to such
extremes as in the days of the morus multicaulis, or get
up a ruhus tnania. If all the world were honest as well
as cautious, then we should have little to fear, but the
truth compels us to say that tliey are not, at least not as a
whole ; and there are men who will swindle the j)eople if
they can, and there always seems to be a cliance, as there
are j^lenty who have more money than caution. We still
need a national experimental garden in whicli to test tlie
new varieties, or that whicli would be far better, a
national committee, the members of which should be
located in differejit portions of the country, their duty
being to test or gather information and report upon the
new and old varieties of fruits in their vicinity. The
time must come when no new variety of fruit or flower

NEW FKUITS. 49

will be purchased or allowed to be sold until good refer-
ence can be given. At the present time the rascal is the
equal of the honest man (if they are both strangers to the*
public), and often his superior, for, generally, he has more
money to spend in advertising. This is not as it should
be, and progress in Horticulture is not accelerated by the
present system of management. Only a very few of the
older varieties of the blackberry call for a notice in this
volume of the Recced.

Adair^s Claret. — From Kentucky, and a very good
variety, but the color is* not attractive. Will not do, as
we have many others that are better.

Crystal White. — The best that we have yet seen of this
color. Fruit, medium size, pale lemon color, very good
flavor ; promises well.

IIurd''s Thornless. — From Sussex Co., New Jersey.
Found growing Avild not for from Avhere the original
Kittatinny was discovered. The canes were destitute of
thorns when first received, but a few have been
developed on some of the plants the past season. It is
said to be very early, and the fruit delicious. The plant
is quite distinct in both leaves and stem. We would
advise no one to purchase it until it has been thoroughly
tested. We will advise the readers of its merits or
demerits when ascertained. Since our call for Thornless
Blackberry plants in the Ilorticidturist for September, we
liave received several new varieties that are very promis-
ing, so much so, that we can confidently state that ere
long good varieties of thornless blackberries will soon be
as common as others.

B

50 RECOKD OF HORTICULTURE.

Kittatinny. — Favorable reports are received from all
sections of the country in respect to this very popular
variety. The abundance of suckers Avhich it produces in
light rich soils is certainly an objection. If the suckers
are allowed to grow, the crop of fruit will be small. The
great hardiness of the Kittatinny is now fully ascertained
and fully appreciated in those sections w^here the New
Rochelle is tender.

Mason^s Mountain. — In our grounds this is a small,
worthless variety. It was highly recommended and sent
out by R. O. Thompson, of Nebraska Territory.

3Iissoiiri Mammnoth. — This variety is now being dis-
seminated by Thomson & Barter, of Missouri. The praise
bestowed upon it in Thomson & Barter's circular would
lead us to think that this Western wonder was sure to
excel all of our Eastern varieties. Plants of the Mam-
moth were sent to Eastern nurserymen early in 1867, but
we understand that none of them fruited the past season.
Our engraving, fig. 9, was made from a j^hotograph sent
us by Thomson & Barter. The engraver has followed
copy very correctly, except that one berry of the cluster
was left out, so that the cut Avould only fill a page of the
Kecord. We furnished Thomson & Barter electrotype
plates from the original engraving, and we see by the
Western papers that they have not remained idle. Plants
of this variety have been pretty freely distributed the
])ast fall, and we shall soon know Avhether it is all that
it is rej)resented to be. In the mean time Ave say
to our readers, know more about it before you purchase
largely.

NEW FKUITS.

51

JSTeedham's White.— l^ not a white as its name indi-
cates, but a grayish brown. It is worthless.

Fig. 9.

52

EECOKD OF HOETICULTUEE.

JSTewniaii's Thornless. — Less thorns than some others,
but far from thornless / should be discarded.

'Wilsooi's Early. — Those who have had this variety in
full bearing the past season must have been agreeably
disappointed in the large size as well as the quantity of
fruit. The engravings which have aj^peared in the
papers, previous to 1867, of the Wilson, were far below
the average size of the fruit the past season. The New
Rochelle is a large berry, but the Wilson excels it in size.
But one merit remains to be determined, and that is
hardiness, in the more Northern States. If it should prove
to be as hardy as the Kittatinny, then its reputation will
be all that its most ardent admirers can wish. Fig. 10 is
an exact representation of a cluster of the Wilson,
gathered from a two-year-old plant the past season.

RASPBERKTES.

Arnold''s Hyhrids. — These are new varieties, i)roduced
by Mr. Charles Arnold, who has been so successful in
liybridizing grapes. We have taken more interest in Mr.
Arnold's new raspberries than in the grapes, because they
are the first real hybrids which we" have ever met, that is,
the first produced by the direct personal efforts of any
American horticulturist.

Mr. Thomas Rivers is said to have hybridized rasp-
berries many years ago, but we think none of them ever
reached this country.

Mr. Arnold has not as yet named any of his new rasp-
berries, as he intends to fully test them before offering
them to the public.

NEW FRUITS.

53

We fruited several of these hybrids the past year, and
prize them highly. There are both yellow, orange, and

Fig. 10.

54: RECOED OF HOKTICTJLTURE.

red varieties, some of which will equal if not excel some
of the old sorts of the same color. No. 3, Orange, is a most
delicious berry, and we think nearly or quite equal to
Brinckle's Orange. No, 1, Red, is a most vigorous grower,
in fact, tree-like, o-rowinsf six to eis^ht feet hig^h Avith
stocky cane, with large lateral branches. All the varieties
appear to be perfectly hardy. Another season we hope to
give an accurate description of all of these hybrids, and
their names.

BurUngt07i [Prosser). — The late Benjamin Prosser, of
Burlington, N". J., raised several varieties of raspberries
from seed. None of them, however, we believe, were dis-
seminated by him ; but since his death, a son has been
selling one or more of them as Prosser's Seedling. Mr.
Edmund Morris proposed, in 1866, that as no name had
been fixed upon for it, as it Avas then supposed 07ie
variety, it should be called the Burlington, and his
proposition was adoj^ted. See " Small Fruit Culturist,"
page 159.

In company with two well-known fruit-growers we
visited the Prosser garden the past summer and saw the
Prosser, or Burlington, in fruit. We found not only one
variety, but four, mixed together in one bed, and we
failed to learn which one was to be called the Prosser or
Burlington. Some of these varieties, and perhaps all of
them, are really Avorthy of trial elsewhere ; but -some one
should see that they were separated and described before
the public are asked to pay five to ten dollars per plant,
as has been done in the past year. We do not think that
those who have these varieties in charge would intention-

NEW FKUITS. 65

ally defraud the public, but a blunder is being propagated
through ignorance.

Clarke. — This comparatively new variety is rapidly
gaining a popularity which it fully deserves. It is
hardy, prolific, and best in flavor. After a six years'
trial we j^lace it at the head of the list of all the
foreign species. There may be others that are better
for particular localities, but the Clarke will grow splen-
didly in soils where no other of the Antwerp family will
thrive.

Daviso)i's ThornUss still holds to its good reputation.
We thought that after being propagated for a few genera-
tions that the plants might show a tendency to revert
back to the original type, and that thorns would be
developed, but among the thousands of plants that are
grown, nothing of the kind has as yet been observed. In
a few nurserymen's catalogues we notice that this variety
is called the Sinton ; tliis is an error that should be
corrected, as it is already causing confusion. Mr. Sinton
sent out the variety under the name of Davison's Thorn-
less Black Cap, and it should be known by this name, and
no other. One catalogue which we have received, oflers
both the Sinton and Davison, as though they were
distinct sorts — the Sinton being quoted at $200 per
thousand higher than the Davison.

Duhring. — We think the Duhring Raspberry has been
very much overrated. It may do in localities and soils
where the Antwerp and similar varieties succeed, but in
our grounds, and many gardens in southern ISTew Jersey,
where we saw it in fruit the past season, it was a decided

56 RECORD OF IIORTICULTUKE.

failure. It is, no doubt, a, fine raspberry, but will scarcely
answer for general cultivation.

Elm City. — Probably a seedling of our native red
raspberry ; said to be hardy, prolific, early, and with all
the otlier good qualities generally belonging to new
varieties. We have seen the plants and tasted the
fruit, but shall Avant to know more of it before giving
a decided opinion upon its merits. From E'ew Haven,
Conn.

JElllsdale. — After another year's trial, we are inclined to
place this variety among those adapted for general culti-
vation. It certainly belongs to the Purple cane family,
the plant being perfectly hardy and very vigorous and
productive. The berry is much larger than the old Purple
cane, not so fragile ; but when fully ripe it is much darker
in color, being a dark purple. In quality, it is scarcely
more than second-rate, if compared with other choice
varieties ; but the plant possesses other merits which in a
great measure make up for this deficiency.

We do not w^ish to be understood as placing the Ellis-
dale alongside, or in competition with, the Clarke,
Orange, or similar sorts, but do recommend it to those
who want a hardy and productive raspberry, which will
thrive even if it is not planted in the best of soils or in
the most favorable locations.

Globose Scarlet. — This is not a new variety, but one
that has not been very generally disseminated. The berry
is large, roundish, light red, subacid, and not very rich,
brittle, juicy; seed grains, large; canes, erect, stocky,
branching, apparently quite liai-dy. May prove to be a

NEW FEUITS. 57

valuable market variety, although it is not firm enough to
bear long carriage.

Garden Raspherry. — This ^\as sent out by Mr. H. H.
Doolittle last season under the name of Red-flavored
Black Raspberry, but has been re-named as above. Our
plants have not yet fruited, and we have seen no report
the past season in regard to its merits.

LmiTbS Everbearing,' — Nearly related to the old Ohio
Everbearing, but said to be better in quality and more
prolific. New, not yet fully tested. From H. B. Lum,
Sandusky, Ohio.

Mrs. Wood.— This, is also from Ohio. Mr. F. R. Elliott,
who has been acquainted with it for several years, says
that it is the largest of the black raspberries. Figured
and described in Horticulturist, August, 1867.

Naomi. — Plants received for the ISTaomi have borne
fruit, but not equal to the description we received. It is
quite probable that they are not the genuine variety, as
we have learned that the original stock was mixed with
inferior sorts. One gentleman who was well acquainted
with the Naomi when it was growing in the grounds of
Mrs. Wood, informs us that he had only sixteen genuine
plants in the one hundred he received from the original bed.

We have lately secured a few plants propagated from
these sixteen plants, and shall have an opportunity the
coming season of comparing them with plants received
from another source. The Naomi is no doubt a valuable
new variety, but from what we can learn of the stock
offered to the public, there is a possibility of its being
somewhat mixed with inferior sorts.

3*

58 EECOED OF HORTICULTUEE.

Rivers' Black. — A very hardy and prolific dark-
colored variety, which is but little known in this country.
For some soils and situations we think it will be valuable.
It W'ill probably succeed in any soil or locality where the
Purple cane does. It is at least worthy of a trial. Origi-
nated with Thomas Rivers, Sawbridge worth, England.

Scarlet Raspberry. — This supposed new variety has
proved to be tlie Allen's Red Prolific. The fruit is really
good, and of a handsome light red color. The plants are
moderately j^rolific and quite hardy, but they produce
such an immense number of suckers that they become a
nuisance. This variety will be found on the rejected list
of the American Pomological Society.

Seneca Black Cap. — A ncAV variety which is being
sent out by Mr. Doolittle. Our information in regard to
it is as meager as that which relates to the garden rasp-
berry from the same source. We have both of these
varieties growing, and hope to give a full and accurate
description in the next volume of the Record.

Susqueco. — A new red raspberry, which it is thought
will be a successful rival of the Philadelphia. The fruit
is of a light red or scarlet color, of good quality, and very
handsome. Origin unknown, but is being disseminated
by Edward Tatnall, Wilmington, Del.

Summit Yellow Cap. — This is probably the handsomest
light-colored variety of tlic Rubus occidentalis species.
Color, bright yellow, w^ith a small purple spot upon each
grain ; canes, a light yellow, with slight markings of red ;
a strong grower ; and very productive. This is certainly
a very beautiful variety, and we shall be surprised if it

NEW FRUITS. 59

does not become exceedingly popular witli amateurs, if
not with sfrowers for the market.

CUKKANTS.

A few new varieties haye been introduced the past
year, but their merits have not as yet been ascertained.
The older sorts are in great demand, probably more so
than in any year previous.

At no one time in our twenty years' experience have
w^e know^n such a demand for currant bushes as in the
past autumn. A few years since the best of plants could
be had in any quantities, and at low prices ; but the de-
mand has gone ahead of the supply at present, which
shows conclusively that the currant is being more highly
appreciated than formerly. Cherry, White Grape, Im-
perial White (or Yellow, as it is known by both names),
Red and White Dutch, Victoria, and Versailles appear to
be varieties chiefly planted for market.

The question as to w hether the Cherry and Versailles,
as known in this country, are both the same, is yet unde-
cided. W^e have not only watched the plants, but the
reports of the various societies throughout the country, for
more than ten j^ears, and still we are not positive either
way.

Ten years ago w^e imported five hundred Versailles,
from one of the most reliable firms in France, but they
were not as large a currant as the one w^e now grow^ for
that variety. There is one thing quite certain, and that is,
the great reputation of the Versailles commenced on this
side of the Atlantic, and it is barely possible tliat the

60 KECOED OF HOKTICULTUEE.

Long-Bunched Cherry of the French catalogue is sent us
for the Versailles and for the true Cherry as well. The
public are still anxiously waiting for some two or more
currant-growers to give tlie unmistakable marks of dis-
tinction.

GOOSEBEEEIES.

Progress in native gooseberries is exceedingly slow.
The Downing was certainly a move in the right direction,
and now stands at the head of American varieties. The
Mountain is larger, but not quite so good, Avhile the
Cluster and Cluster Seedlino^ and Hou2:hton about com-
plete the list of pure native sorts. Dana's Improved
Houghton promises well, but it will require several years'
more experience to determine its true value.

Our fruit-growers are sadly neglecting this fruit, for
there is no reason why wo should not have native sorts
equal to the best imported. It is w^ell known that the
foreign varieties do not succeed generally, while the
native sorts do, consequently it is to the latter we must
look for permanent and valuable improvement.

STEAW' BERRIES.

"New strawberries are as abundant as the most ardent
admirer could wish. We have become so accustomed to
the annual announcement of new varieties of this fruit,
tliat we should feel disappointed if none were offered.
The time was when we looked to Europe for our supply
of novelties, but that time is past, and the catalogues of
fruit-growers glow with the brilliant names of poets, war-
riors, and philosophers, which are bestowed upon some

NEW FKUITS. CI

pet seedling strawberry. Even the precious metals and
royal families do not escape the honor of having their
names blazoned before the world in connection with this
choicest of fruits.

Our old Victoria strawberry has been re-gilded and
re-christened, under the name of Golden Queen j' and
having again entered the field with all the pomp attain-
able in an advertisement, she will no doubt receive a
conspicuous place in many an amateur garden. Fruit-
growers' societies and conventions may enter their pro-
tests against this practice of sending out old varieties
Tinder new names, but it is of no use so long as the adver-
tising columns are open to all who choose to use them.

Many an old variety has been sent out under a new
name, and still no blame could be attached to the dissemi-
nator, because he was not aware that it was an old
variety ; but when the discovery was made, he restored to
it the original name. "We Imve to regret, however, that
this course is not always pursued ; if it were, we should
have less cause for complaint.

Brooklyn Scarlet. — We have received more letters in
the past year commending this variety than in the six pre-
vious ones. It was alwaj^s one of the reliable varieties
for home use with us, and we are happy to hear that so
many have discovered its good qualities. It is quite
probable that if it had been sold at five to ten dollars
a dozen when first sent out, it would have been considered
valuable ; but, unfortunately, one hundred and twenty-five
thousand were distributed gratuitously, and that was
enough to destroy the reputation of any strawberry.

62 KECOED OF IIOKTICULTUKE.

Boyden^ iVb. 30. — This new variety was exhibited the
past summer for the first time. The berry is of an im-
mense size, roundish conical, with neck ; crimson or dark
scarlet. As Mr. Boyden intends competing for the
Greeley prize, he will not send out any plants at present.
Figured in American Agriculturist^ August.

Charles Downing. — We like the idea of honoring our
great horticulturists by attaching their names to choice
varieties of fruits. But those who attempt it should be
very careful lest they should take from, more than they
add to, the fame of those they intended to honor. Let us
for a moment suppose that this variety should not prove
to be as good as expected, and at some future meeting of
the American Pomological Society the Charles Downing
strawberry is named for discussion. How will the name
of Downing sound in connection with such words as
" humbug," " worthless," " a perfect failure," and other
choice epithets usually bestowed upon varieties that are
not first-rate ? We hope such a thing will never occur,
and that this new seedling of Mr. Downer will be worthy
of the name it bears.

Canada. — This is supposed to be a cross between the
Wilson and Triomphe de Gand. It is described as a large
and beautiful variety, and of excellent quality ; very pro-
ductive and hardy. It has not as yet been tested in the
States, but will ere another season.

Durand. — A large and very good variety. Color,
bright scarlet ; flesh, moderately firm and highly perfumed ;
plant, vigorous and apparently quite hardy and productive.
Promises to be valuable.

NEW FKUITS. DO

Dr. Nicaise. — Another foreign variety, which comes to
ns with a great recommendation. We have had so many
of this sort, that no one will feel very much disappointed
even if this last new wonder should prove to be no better
than its predecessors. The plants are offered at 810 j^er
dozen, which we think is a large sum to pay for learning
so little.

Ida. — From the advertisements of those who had plants
of this variety for sale, one might suppose that it was a
brilliant star ; but experience has proved that it is a will-
o'-the-wisp, and a very small one at that. In other w^ords,
it is a great failure, being too small, and not good enough
to be worthy of any great attention.

Metccdfs Early. — This is another great failure. Thou-
sands of dollars were expended by our fruit-growers for
plants of this much-lauded variety, and although but two
years have passed since they obtained them, we have
heard of acres being already plowed under.

Napoleon III. — A large and very good variety for
the amateurs, but not for market. It has been in
this country for several years, but up to the present
has not become very popular. Having been exten-
sively advertised of late, we presume it will be widely
disseminated, and if it has any decided A^aluable merits,
they will soon be fully known.

Nicanor. — We have considerable faith in this variety,
because it was raised and is being disseminated by the
w^ell-known firm of Ellwanger & Barry, of Rochester, N. Y.
Very large size is not claimed for it, but in other good
qualities it is said to be equal to the best.

64: KECOKD OF HORTICULTUKE.

The following are iieAV varieties, but few of which we
have seen :

A few years since there were some new seedling straw-
berries exhibited in New York under the names of Gen.
Scott, Gen. Lyons, Gen. Garibaldi, etc., which have
scarcely been heard of since. It now appears that the
remainder of our generals are to be honored in a similar
manner. We hope the growers of new varieties will not,
in their enthusiasm, forget the most worthy of all, viz.,
General Culture.

JBourdinat. — Similar in aj^pearnce to the Wilson. Ex-
hibited at the American Institute, ISTew York, June, 1867.

Cramer. — From Iowa ; a seedling of the Wilson. Men-
tioned in Hovey's Magaziyie for June.

Gen. Grant. — Dark red, color of the AVilson. Exhibited
at Rochester, N. Y., June 27.

Gen. Meade. — Bright scarlet ; seeds deeply imbedded ;
quality good.

Gen. Sherman. — Medium size ; light scarlet.

Gen. Sheridan. — Medium size ; dark red, somewhat
irregular in form. This and the three preceding varieties
were described in the Horticulturist for August, 1867.

Iron DuJce. — From Canada. Said to be veiy large and
wonderfully productive.

Julien. — From Iowa. Said to be a seedling of the
Peabody.

Philadelphia.— ll\£^h\Y recommended by fruit-growers
in South Jersey, and by a few in Pennsylvania.

President. — The variety shown at the fair of the Amer-
ican Institute under this name was the Jucunda. Prob-

NEW FRUITS. 65

ably this was a mistake, and the genuine is a distinct
sort.

Reeves' Seedling. — A new variety, from Long Island.
It is large and handsome, and ripens very late.

JRomeyn's Seedli7ig. — This was exhibited at the fair of
the American Institute ; but the specimens shown were
neither large, handsome, or very good.

66 KECOKD OF HOKTICULTURE.

IV.
NOTES

ON SOME OF THE NEW HARDY ORNAMENTAL TREES,
SHRUBS, AND HERBACEOUS PLANTS.

In most of the European countries there are Horticul-
tural societies which receive the special aid of the govern-
ment under which they exist. But the societies of our
country receive no such patronage, and having to depend
wholly upon the exertions of individuals for their support,
it is not surprising that they should so often languish for
the want of means to prosecute their great work.

The great Horticultural societies of England, France,
Belgium, and other foreign countries, keep a record of
the introduction of new plants, so that at any future time
the date of their discovery or advent may be known.
Having no national society in the United States, nor a
local one wdiich attempts the introduction or cultivation
of new plants, we have to depend upon the reports of
foreign societies or the Horticultural periodicals for our
information upon this subject. Could Ave ascertain the
names of the new plants wliich were introduced into tlie
United States in 1867, avc Avould place them on record,
and omit all others. But as w^e can not do this, we will
content ourselves by referring to a few of those noticed in
foreign journals, which promise to be worthy of introduc-
tion, although it is quite probable that some of them have

IIAKDY OEXAMENTAL TREES, ETC. 67

already been received. We shall also notice some of the
new native plants, which are worthy of more extended
culture.

DECIDUOUS TREES.

Acer {Maple). — A new variety ; described in a French
magazine the past year under the following very long
name : Ace?' \2^olymo7'p}ium) palmatum fol^ dissectus
pennatlfidis rosea-pictus ; all of which means that this is
a very pretty variety of maple-tree, the leaves of which
are very finely cut, and of a purplish or pale rose color.
Figured and described in the L. Illust. Hort.

Acer pcihnatmn sanguineum. — A variety of the Pal-
mate-leaved maple, with dark, blood-red leaves. This
variety and the preceding will probably be perfectly
liardy in this country. They can be readily propagated
by grafting or budding upon our native species. Figured
and described in X. Illust. Hort.

Larix Kcempferi. — This is said to be one of the most
beautiful of the Larch tribe. We can readily credit the
statement, so far as its being a beautiful tree, as all of the
varieties and species of the genus are handsome ; and even
our native Larch, or Tamarack, as it is usually called, is
well worthy of cultivation. Figured and described in
X. Illust. Sort.

Magnolia Lennei. — The magnolias are all beautiful trees
or shrubs, and well worthy of attention. Our natiAc
species should not be overlooked by those who are endeav-
oring to ornament their grounds ; for they are all beauti-
ful, and most of them hardy in the Northern States. The

68 KECOKD OF IIOKTICULTCKE.

Magnolia Lennei is a new foreign variety, a few plants of
which have already been introduced into this country.
The flowers are large, reddish purple on the outside and pure
white within. Figured and described in Flore des 8erres.
Tlhnus campestris aurea. — A variety of the English
Elm, with deep golden yellow leaves. It is quite probable
that this variety has already been introduced into some
of our larger nurseries. Figured and described in La
Belg. Hort.

XEW HARDY SHRUBS, DECIDUOUS AND EVERGREEN.

^sculus Michauxi. — This is probably a variety of our
native species, ^sculus Pavia, or red-flowering buckeye.
The plant, however, is more dwarfish in habit than the
species, and the spikes of flowers much larger. When
worked on the common buckeye or horse-chestnut, it
forms a beautiful shrub or small tree, producing its large
spikes of flowers in great abundance. We are indebted
to Mr. Wm. S. Carpenter for a specimen plant imported
by him from France.

Azalea. — The catalogues of European nurserymen con-
tain long lists of new varieties of this beautiful shrub.
The tender Chinese azaleas are far better known in this
country than the hardy species. This is to be regretted,
inasmuch as the hardy sorts may be grown by every one,
and not be confined to those whose circumstances allow
them to build costly green-houses for the purpose of grow-
ing tender exotics. We shall not attempt the naming of
the best foreign varieties, but merely call the attention
of our readers to this most beautiful class of shrubs.

NEW HARDY SHRUBS. 69

Even our own country furnishes a great variety, and by a
little care in the selection a splendid collection may be
obtained from our woods and fields. We have found
varieties of every shade of color, from the purest white
to the darkest purple, and we have experienced no diffi-
culty in making the plants live when removed from
their localities in the open fields to the garden. Those
who are seeking for choice ornamental shrubs should not
overlook the native azaleas.

Arbor vitce (Tom Thumb). — This new variety of arbor
vitfe, sent out by Messrs. Ellwanger & Barry, is really a
valuable acquisition. It forms a dense mass of fine, deli-
cate foliage, not surpassed by any other hardy variety.
It also retains its color well through the winter, not turn-
ing a sickly j^ellow, as many others do, thereby detracting
much from their beauty as evergreens. The Tom Thumb
will certainly become one of the most popular varieties
of the dwarf arbor vities.

Arbor vitce (Golden Tipped). — A variety of the com-
mon native species {T/wja occidentalis). It is a strong
and vigorous grower, and apparently as hardy as its
parent. The foliage is a rich golden yellow, there being
scarcely any green leaves, except in the center of the
plant. It is quite distinct from the common Variegated
American or Chinese Golden arbor vitae. It is the only
variety which we have seen that is really deserving the
name of Golden. Where or by whom it originated is un-
known to us, our plant being received a few years since
from a friend, who said that it was supposed to have
originated in a garden in T^ew Rochelle, N. Y.

70 EECOKD OF IIOKTICULTURE.

Cotoneaster Fontanesil — A handsome shrub, with oval
leaves and numerous small white flowers, wliich are suc-
ceeded by spherical-shaped fruit of a coral-red color
{Bevue Ilorticole, 1867). The cotoneasters are very
pretty shrubs, with small but numerous flowers. A
number of the species are evergreen in the Northern
States, Avhile the deciduous varieties retain their leaves
until quite late in the autumn. Most of the species and
varieties are readily propagated by ripe w^ood cuttings,
taken ofi* in the fall, and preserved in sand or moss during
the winter.

Deutzia crenata-pleno. — We named this shrub in our
list of choice A^arieties in the first volume of the Record,
and we again call attention to it, for it is Avorthy of a
special notice. The flowers are quite double, pure white
wathin and a deep pink w^ithout ; the strong contrast be-
tw^een the two colors gives the flower spikes a very unique
and pretty appearance. It forms a shi*iib from four to six
feet, of a dense, compact habit. The plants are now of-
fered at a veiy low price, and no one should fail to
procure this really very desirable shrub.

Hydrangea DeutziafoUa. — This new hydrangea bloom-
ed in several gardens in this country the past year. The
flower spikes are of an immense size, white at first,
changing to a dull 2:)urple or pink. Like all of the
hydrangeas, it is a coarse-looking plant when in bloom,
and only suitable for the open border. It is appai'cntly
quite hardy, a merit whicli will make it quite acceptable
to those who have room for a great vai-iety of shrubs.

Hydrangea paniculata graudlflora. — Another new

NEW HAEDY SHRUBS. 71

half-hardy shrub, with elliptic leaves and large, branched,
pyramidal panicles of white flowers. — Flore des Serves.

Hydrangea Japonica macrosepala. — A variety some-
what resembling the rosalba of Van Houtte, but having
the segments of the sterile flowers one and one-third inch
broad. — Gartenflora.

Mhododetidrons. — We have several native species of the
rhododendron, all of which are beautiful shrubs, and Avell
worthy of cultivation. They were, long ago, sent to
Europe, where, through the skill of the gardeners of the
Old World, hundreds of new varieties have been produced,
many of which far excel the original species. There are
also many species natives of the Eastern Hemisphere, and
new ones are being constantly discovered. Hybrids in
great number have also been produced, not only between
the diflcrent foreign species, but those of our own country,
imtil it is quite certain that no genus of evergreen
shrubs can at all compare with the rhododendron for
handsome foliage and gorgeous flowers. Many of the
foreign varieties and species are not hardy in the Northern
States, but there is a sufiicient number to satisfy the
most ardent admirer of this class of plants* It requires
experience with each kind to determine its character, there-
fore one must import many to find a few that are suited to
the climate ; and the high price at which all new sorts are
sold, prevents the majority of our nurserymen fi'om testing
them. There are, however, a few of our larger establish-
ments that have expended thousands of dollars in testing
the various species and varieties of rhododendrons ; and
they now ofler to the public the benefit of their labors in

72 RECOKD OF HORTICULTURE.

lists of sorts which have proved to be perfectly hardy
and reliable. We would advise those who want rhodo-
dendrons— and who does not ? — to examine the catalogues
of these nurserymen. There are so few nurserymen who
make a specialty of this class of plants, that we shall
take the liberty of naming two firms whose stock we have
lately examined, and think it worthy of a special notice.
We refer to Parsons & Co., Flushing, N. Y., and Hovey
& Co., Boston.

Spircea callosa alha. — This is quite a distinct variety of
the old spiraea callosa. The flowers are pure white, and
the plant of a very dwarf habit. It blooms quite freely,
and is altogether a desirable hardy shrub.

Weigela nivea. — This splendid weigela was introduced
into Europe several years ago from Japan, but it is com-
paratively new in this country. The plant is similar in
habit to the well-known weis^ela rosea. The leaves are
large and conspicuously veined, and of a light green color;
flowers, pure white, and produced in great abundance. A
beautiful shrub, and worthy of a place among the many
fine varieties of this species.

Weigela Mlddendorffiana^ purpurea. — A new purple-
flowering variety of weigela Middendorfliana ; a robust,
hardy shrub, with handsome dark-green leaves and large
panicles of flowers, which are a purplish red, shading to
black at the base of the i:>etals. — Floral World, March,
1867.

For other species and varieties of hardy ornamental
shrubs, see Record of Horticulture for 1867, Vol. I.

HAEDY HEEBACEOUS PLANTS. 73

HARDY HEEBACEOUS PLANTS.

But few really good varieties of this class of plants
have been introduced in the past year. Some of the older
sorts which have long been neglected have again appear-
ed, and claim attention. This shows progress, although
at first we might look upon it as a retrograde movement.
The aim of the horticulturist should be, not only to im-
prove upon the old, but to produce new varieties of supe-
rior merit ; while, at the same time, the old ones should
not be discarded just because they are old, or others
petted for the only reason that they are new. Progres-
sion may be shown in careful and judicious selection as
well as in production, for valuable qualities are constantly
being discovered in plants that have long been known.
In the first volume of the Recced we gave a list of some
of the most j^opular species and varieties; we now add a
few more.

Aquilegia cmrulea (Blue Columbine). — A beautiful na-
tive species, lately introduced from the Rocky Mountains.
The flowers are of a peculiar shape, having long spurs,
which point downward, while the flowers stand erect,
similar to the A. Siberica. The color is azure blue, slightly
shaded with a yellowish pink or cream.

Aquilegia pyrenica. — A beautiful dwarf variety, re-
sembling A. alpina, but smaller, and with fewer flowers,
these being comparatively large, and of a pale lavender
blue. — Floral Ilagazine.

Aquilegia glandulosa. — An old species, introduced from

4

74 KECOKD OF IIOKTICULTUKE.

Siberia about forty years ago, but is still one of the best.
Flowers, blue and white, and very showy.

Aneinone Japonica. — The red-flowering Japan anem-
one was introduced in 1844, and is now quite common.
It is really a superb plant, blooming in profusion in the
latter part of summer, and often continuing until late in
autumn. A variety with white flowers has lately been
introduced, and is now oflered by some of our florists.
Its name is Anemone vitifolia" Honoriene Jobert.

Astilhe Japonica aurea reticulata. — • This very long
name might as well be abbreviated into Astilbe variegata.
The old variety of astilbe is well known under the name
of Spirgea Japonica, and in some nurserymen's catalogues
it is called Hottea Japonica. Astilbe, however, we believe
is the proper name. This new variety has the same habit
as the old one, but the leaves are beautifully variegated
with yellow. The plant is very hardy, and the flowers
pure white. The markings on the leaves are more distinct
when the plant is grown in partial shade or in the green-
house.

Delphinium triomphe de Pontoise. — A new hardy
perennial variety, with double flowers of a pale azure
blue color. — Floral Magazine.

Hemerocallis ftilva Kwanso. — A variety of the old and
well-known II. fulva, the leaves of Avhich are striped wuth
white. — Gartenflora, 1807.

Jrls. — Tliere are so many really beautiful irises in
cultivation that one can scarcely go amiss in making a se-
lection. There are hundreds of varieties, and new ones are
annually produced ; therefore we will not attempt to give

HAKDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS. ^5

the names of any, but advise our readers to procure a col-
lection from any of the importers of bulbs, or from the
nurseries, and they will have little cause to complain of
the results.

Phloxes. — The same may be said of the hardy phloxes
as of the iris. The number of new varieties announced
each year is altogether too great for any one except the
professional florist to think of purchasing. It is to be
feared that in the race for new varieties, that real marked
distinction between them is often overlooked. The phlox
is one of our most beautiful plants, and the endless variety
of colors which may be obtained from seeds constitute one
of its greatest charms. Seedlings of the hardy species are
so easily grown that any one can produce varieties in
abundance. Our plan is to purchase a few distinct va-
rieties, and then raise seedlings from them, selecting the
very best each year, and discard the others. We w411
name a few of the really good sorts ; we will not say the
best, for that would be a difficult task where all are so
fine :

1. Andromeda. White, with scarlet eye.

2. Boree. Violet crimson.

3. Coquette. Pink and white.

4. Cross of St. Louis. Lilac and white striped.

5. Countess of Breadalbaine. Rosy crimson.

6. Edward About. Rich rosy crimson.

7. Fusi-gama. Dark violet.

8. Lady Hume. White, crimson eye.

9. Madame Lauriston. White, scarlet eye.

10. Madame Marie Belanger. Large, deep lilac.

76 EECOED OF HORTICIJLTUKE.

11. Miss Hare. Pure white, deep violet center.

12. Napoleon. Fine striped.

13. Ruby. Fine scarlet crimson.

14. Rosy Gem. Deep pink, very large spike.

15. Triomplie de Twickle. Purple, edged with pure
white ; very fine.

16. Volcano. Dark, rose-red eye.

1 7. Victor Hugo. Large, deep purple.

18. Vesuve. Carmine, pink eye.

BEDDING PLANTS.

Bedding plants have become very popular in the last
few years. No particular genus or species is referred to
under this head ; but they are simply plants that are
usually tender, requiring protection in Avinter, either by
being kept in a green-house, room, or warm cellar. In a
few instances annuals are used, but they are mainly per-
ennial. Many of them are tuberous-rooted, like some of
the caladiums, and may be jDreserved in a dormant state
throughout the winter months. The great variety of these
plants now cultivated by our florists is so great, and their
character so diversified, that the utmost extreme of one's
fancy may find abundant materials with which to arrange
the most elaborate or magnificent design. In many of the
species the flowers are of secondary importance, as they
are small and inconspicuous, the foliage of the plant being
the portion most admired ; and as this is usually more j^er-
manent and lasting than tlie flowers, we therefore secure
a longer lease of beauty than if the former were their only
merit. With the great variety of handsome foliaged

BEDDING PLANTS. Y7

j)lants now in cnltivation, our gardens can be made su-
perbly beautiful throughout the summer, even without the
aid of flowers, although to dispense with the latter might
still leave our creation divine without a divinity. We
give in the following list such plants as can be obtained
in this country. Some are old and well known, others are
new and quite rare.

AcJiyrantlius aureo reticulata. — A beautiful but rather
delicate plant, with a rich variegated foliage. The leaves
are light green, marked with bright yellow ; stems are
more or less shaded with carmine or purple. This plant
should not be planted out until the weather has become
quite warm, and tlien it should have a half-protected situ-
ation. This and the older and better known Coleus Ver-
schaffeltii are somewhat similar in habit, and they are
two of the very best ornamental foliage plants.

Aubretia deltoidea Camphellii. — This plant is probably
hardy, as it belongs to a species which succeeds without
protection in England. This variety has purplish blue
flowers, produced in great abundance. The plant is of a
compact and bushy habit, and with very pretty foliage.
It may be that our hot, dry summer weather will be too
severe upon this species, as it is upon many other alpine
plants.

Bouvardias. — Half shrubby plants, with flowers of
various shades of color. They are usually cultivated as
house plants, but they are well adapted for bedding pur-
poses. The flowers are small but very beautiful, and suit-
able for making hand-bouquets. The following are a few
of the best :

78 EECOED OF IIOKTICULTUKE.

JBouvardia grandiflora. — Pure waxy white.

B. JOeimit ha.— Bright scarlet.

B. Hogarth. — Deep carmine.

J3. Laura. — Light rose.

J5. tryphilla. — Orange scarlet.

Cannas. — Large, coarse, tropical-looking plants, which
produce a fine effect when planted in groups. The flowers
are of various shades of color, from a brilliant scarlet to
crimson. The plants grow from four to eight feet high,
and the leaves of some of the species are three feet long
and a foot broad. They require a deep, rich soil, to insure
a full development of foliage. The roots may be kept
through the winter in any warm, dry cellar. European
catalogues contain the names of some one hundred and
fifty species and varieties. The following dozen sorts we
obtained from B. K. Bliss & Son, of Springfield, Mass.,
last year, and they proved to be very distinct and fine :

C Annex floribunda. — Leaves smooth, green ; of me-
dium size.

G. Annex discolo7\—Stems, purple ; flowers, orange.

C. Discolor. — Leaves very large, and beautifully veined
with purple.

C. Gigantea splendidissima. — Leaves very large ; flow-
ers, bright scarlet.

C lloidetti. — Leaves large, richly veined with purple.

C. Krelagi discolor. — Leaves large, striped with rose ;
stems, dark pui-ple.

C. Nigricans. — Leaves very dark, with a light-shaded
border.

C. Porteana. — ^Leaves very large and handsome.

BEDDING PLANTS. 79

C Yan Houttei — Leaves large, with black veins.

C. Zebrina. — Leaves beautifully variegated and striped.

C. Zebrina violacea. — Leaves large, of a fine j^urple
color.

C. Warscewiczi. — Leaves large, striped ; flower, brilliant
red.

Calceolarias. — Many of the half-shrubby varieties are
suitable for bedding. They are of various colors, and,
planted in good soil, they will continue to bloom through
a greater j^art of the summer months. The varieties are
quite numerous, most of which are worth cultivating.

Chrysantliemiuns. — Li light soils most of the Chinese
chrysanthemums are hardy, but in heavy loam or clay
they will usually perish in winter. The roots may be ke23t
in the cellar, or protected in the open ground. In situ-
ations where they are not hardy they should be treated as
bedding plants, or grown in pots. They are esteemed for
their beautiful flowers, which are produced very late in
the autumn.

Dahlias. — The new pompone varieties are at present
more generally esteemed than the larger-growing sorts.
The varieties are already too numerous for us to attempt
to make a selection of the very best. Li fact, between
many of them there is really very little difierence, except
in name. Very few new dahlias are produced in this
country, most of thena being imported from Europe, where '
great attention is paid to raising new varieties from seed.
There is no reason why new sorts may not be produced in
this country as well as elsewhere, and the few attempts
made by our gardeners have in most cases been quite sue-

80 RECORD OF HORTICULTURE.

cessful. The best American seedlings that we have seen
are those raised by A. Burgess, of East New York, John
Spaudling, of Say brook, Conn., and Gerhard Schmitz, of
Pliiladelphia, Pa. Mr. Schmitz has produced quite a num-
ber of new varieties that will compare very favorably with
the best of the imported ones.

Erythrina crista-galli. — This very old but beautiful
plant is too seldom seen in our gardens. Its brilliant
scarlet flowers have few successful competitors in beauty,
and their peculiar form is such, that once seen they will
ever be remembered. The plants are tender, but may be
ke]3t safely during winter in a dry, warm cellar. There
are several species and varieties, but the crista-galli is the
most common in this country.

Farfugium llgatum. — A new variegated-leaved her-
baceous plant, from Japan. The leaves are larger than the
old Farfugium grande, and beautifully marked with car-
mine and white. This will probably prove to be hardy.

Fuchsias. — Fuchsias are much used for bedding pur-
poses. The varieties in cultivation are almost innumera-
ble, and it would be a difficult task to determine which
were the best where there are so many that are first-rate.
.When planted in the open border, a half-shady situation
is preferable to one that is fully exposed to the sun.

Geraniums. — There is probably no one species of or-
namental plant that has attracted so much attention of
late as the geranium. This is particularly the case with
the variegated-leaved and Zonale varieties. All of these
geraniums bloom freely when planted in the open ground,
and their flowers arc in great part composed of the most

BEDDING PLANTS.

81

brilliant colors. The variegated-leaved varieties are doubly-
attractive, on account of the various colors of their foliage
in addition to their beautiful flowers, although the color
of the leaves often becomes quite dull when planted in
the open ground. There are at least one hundred varieties
now in cultivation of each class, consequently we will
not attempt to name them, but content ourselves by giv-
inc: a list of six srood varieties of each class.

Fio:. 11.

VARIEGATED-I.EAVED GERANIUMS.

Alma. — FloAvers, scarlet crimson ; leaves, dark green,

edged with silvei-y white.

4*

82 TwECOED OF IIOKTICULTUKE.

brilliant. — Flowers, dark scarlet; leaA-es, green, bor-
dered with white.

Cloth of Gold. — Flowers, dark scarlet ; leaves, bright
yellow, with dark center. Fig. 1 1 shows the form of the
leaf, but does not give the least idea of the color.

Fig. 12.

Mountain of Snoic. — Flowers, scarlet; center of leaves,
green, with a broad margin of pui-e white (fig. 12).

Mrs. PollocJc. — Flowers, dark scarlet; the leaves have a
dark-green center, with a zone of reddish bronze, edged
with bright red (fig. 13).

BEDDING PLANTS.

83

Gloimoorm. — Flowers, scarlet; leaves, sulphur, with a
broad zone of rosy crimson.

ZONALE GERANIUMS.

We select the following from Mr. Peter Henderson's
list for 1868:

J^eaton's Rival. — Rich orange scarlet ; splendid.

Bicolor. — Ground color of the flowers nearly pure white,
the center markings being of a rich, deep salmon rose;
leaves, light green, with a clearly-marked zone.

Fig. 18.

Donald Beaton. — Dwarf; dazzling scarlet.
General Grant. — Scarlet, laro-e truss.

84: EECORD OF HORTICULTURE.

Madam Rudersdorf. — White, with sahiion center.

Ranunculmflora. — Flowers, double, and of a rich, dark
scarlet color.

Petunias. — Great attention has been paid to this species
in the past few years. New varieties there are in abun-
dance, a few of which are a marked improvement upon the
older sorts. Double flowers have become rather more
popular of late than the single ones, but there are very few
of them that would be called handsome so far as it relates
to form, but in color many of the varieties are exceedingly
beautiful. Our fl(?rists have excellent success in producing
new varieties of petunias, therefore have no need of im-
l^orting them. We name six of the best new ones of the
year ; they are all variegated ; the first three have double
flowers, the others single : Beauty of Baltimore, Cin-
derella, Edward Bech, Fascination, Morning Glory, and
Ruby.

Pyrethrimi partlienium aureum. — This is a golden-leaved
variety of an old and well-known species. Many will
recognize the plant more readily under its common name
of Feverfew than Pyrethrum. This new sort is called
Golden Feather, and it is a fine bedding plant, as its
golden leaves aflbrd a striking contrast when planted by
the side of some of the dark-colored species.

Verbenas. — Our remarks in reference to the petunia are
equally applicable to the verbena, except that double-
flowering varieties liave not as yet been produced. No
flower-garden is considered as passably good unless well
stocked with verbenas. Our florists never fail to have a
choice selection of new varieties every season, and it may

NEW ROSES. 85

be said to tlieir credit, that they do actually make im-
provements upon the older sorts. We will not name the
new varieties that are to be sent out in 1868, as we pre-
sume our readers have already been fully informed upon
that point through the catalogues of our leading florists.

NEW AND OLD EOSES.

It is seldom that we hear of a new variety of the rose
being produced in this country. To be sure, there is an
occasional one announced, but this is rather an exception
to the general rule. Our florists probably have good
reasons for not paying more attention to the production of
new roses ; still, we can not help thinking if more experi-
ments were made in this field, we should have little need
to send to foreign countries for new varieties. The few
that have been produced in this country are certainly
equal to those produced abroad. With such examples be-
fore them as America, Isabella Sprunt, Mrs. Boll, and
several others equally as good, our florists should feel en-
couraged to progress still further, until we shall have no
occasion to send our money to Europe to purchase that
which might be produced at home.

It is not every new variety that will succeed in our
climate; we therefore have to import many, and then
select the few that are really valuable. There is certainly
no scarcity of varieties, either new or old, but the greatest
difficulty we encounter is to determine which are really
the best.

There are but comparatively few persons who can afford
to purchase all the new sorts as they appear, consequently

86 EECOED OF IIOKTICULTUEE.

the masses liave to depend upon the professional rose-grow-
ers for selections. These gentlemen are becoming aware that
their reputation and success in business depends not only
upon the quality of the plants they send out, but also the
variety, for purchasers are learning that their best guide
in obtaining good things is the character of the one who
offers them for sale. A gi-eat change in this respect has
been wrought in the last half-dozen years. Some of our
florists who imported new plants last year, for which they
must have paid a large price, and who have scarcely had
an opportunity of being reimbursed for their outlay, have
boldly announced that certain species and A'arieties have
proved to be utterly worthless for this climate, thereby
showing that they value more highly a good reputation
than any j^ecuniary reward that might be gained by the
sale of sucli plants. We gave a list of choice roses in the
Record of last year, and we will now add a few more.
The first on the list shall be a new American seedling.

Gem of the Prairies. — This is supposed to be a hybrid be-
tween the Queen of the Prairies and Madame Laftay. It is
a strong and vigorous grower, similar in habit to the Queen,
but the flowers are considerably darker in color, besides
being fragrant. We have been acquainted with this
variety for the past five years, and believe that it is the
best of what are known as the Prairie Roses. It Avas
raised by A. Burgess, of East New York, and the stock is
now in the hands of Peter Henderson, who will send it
out the present season.

The following list is probably as good a one as it is pos-
sible to make. It is made uj) of old and new varieties,

NEW ROSES. 87

and no regard is paid to any other character except abso-
lute perfection in the color and form of flower. This
selection Avas made by three of the most noted I'ose-
growers of England, viz., W. D. Prior, William Paul, and
Mr. John Fraser. It was published in the Floral VTorld
for June, 1867, from which we copy. Nearly or quite all
of these varieties are cultivated in our larger nurseries,
and a majority of them succeed finely, therefore we may
add our own experience to that of the gentlemen named
above in indorsement of the value of the selection.

^'' Hyhrid Perpetucds. — Achille Gonod, Alfred Colomb,
Alpaide Rotalier, Baron ne Prevost, Beauty of Waltham
(W. Paul), Caroline do Sansal, Centifolia Rosea, Charles
Lefevre, Charles Rouillard, Comte de Nanteuil, Comtesse
de Chabrilland, Comtesse de Palikao, Dr. Lindley (Wm.
Paul), Duchesse d'Orleans, Elizabeth Yigneron (William
Paul), Exposition de Brie, Gabriel de Peyronny, General
Jacqueminot, Globosa (William Paul), Gloire de Vitry,
Hyppolite Flandrin, Jean Goujon, Jean Lambert, John
Hopper, Josephine Beauharnais, Jules Margottin, King's
Acre, La Duchesse de Morny, La Ville de St. Denis,
Laelia or L. Peyronny, Le Rhone, Maurice Bernard in,
Madame C. Wood, Madame C. Joigneaux, Madame Dom-
age, Madame Knorr, Madame de Cambaceres, Madame
Fillion, Madame E. Vilmorin, Madame Moreau, Madame
Roussett, Madame Rivers, Madame Victor Verdier, Ma-
dame Vidot, Madlle. Marie Rady, ^adlle. Marguerite
Dombrain, Marcella, Marguerite de St. Amand, Olivier
Delhomme, Pierre Xotting, President Mas, Prince C. de
Rohan, Prince de Poreia, Pi'incess of Wales (Wm. Paul),

88 EECOED OF HOKTICULTUEE.

Senateur Vaise, ScEur des Anges, Viscount Yigier, Victor
Verdier, Wm. Rollisson, Xavier Olibo.

" JBourhon Perpetuals. — Baron Gonella, Catherine Guil-
lot, Emotion, Rev. H. Dombrain.

" bourbons. — Paxton, Malmaison.

" Noisette Perpetuals. — Madame Alfred de Rougemont,
Louise Darzins, Pavilion de Pregny.

" Noisettes. — America, Celine Forestier, Cloth of Gold,
Jaune Desprez, Lamarque, Marechal Niel, Triomphe de
Rennes.

" Teas. — Alba Rosea, Devoniensis and its climbing
sport, Gloire de Dijon, Madame Falcot, Madame Bravy,
or its synonym Madame Sertot, Madame Margottin,
Madame Willermoz, Niphetos, President, Souvenir d'Elise,
Souvenir d'un Ami, Triomphe de Guillot Fils."

NEW LILIES.

The introduction of the magnificent Lilium auratum has
awakened a new interest in this genus of plants. Many
of the old and almost-forgotten sorts are again in great
demand, and new beauties are being discovered in these
old favorites of the garden. This is just as it should be,
for old things ought not to be laid aside simply because
they are old., any more tlvin new things should be ad-
mired for no other reason than because they are new.

When the Lilium auratum was first received from Japan,
many of our great florists suggested that there were
probably other varieties of this species which would soon
be discovered. These suppositions have proved true, and
several new sorts, which are evidently nearly related to

NEW LILIES. 89

the auratnm, have lately been obtained. Most of these
have come to us mixed with the true aiiratura, and without
names; but when they came into bloom, it was very easy
to distinguish them. One of the most distinct of these is
probably the L. Leichtlinii, received among some auratums
from Japan by Messrs. Vetch & Son, of England. This
variety is figured and described in Curtis' Botanical
Magazine for December, 1867. Our engraving (fig. 14)
represents the flower very accurately, although it is but
about two thirds the natural size. We give a condensed
description, taken from that given it by Mr J. D. Hooker,,
editor of the magazine named above. Stem, tall, slender,
two to three feet high ; leaves, alternate, linear-lanceolate
acute, spreading, ends re-curved three to four inches long
by a quarter of an inch broad, pale bright green ; flowers,
solitary, in our specimen, nodding, four inches in diameter,
pale golden yellow, spotted with small oblong blotches of
clear red purple or maroon brown.

Several new lilies have just been received direct from
Japan by B. K. Bliss & Son, of ISTew York. Coarse
Japanese drawings accompanied each variety, and these
are our only guide in the following notes of them.

Aha Oskukiija. — Scarlet.

AkaloJcash. — Large ; scarlet.

AJcalokash Uree. — White, with spots of the auratum
species.

SowajaJca. — Scarlet.

Kanaka Uree. — Similar to auratum.

Yamo Uree. — White, spotted, with stripe in center of
petal.

90

EECOED OF HORTICULTURE.

Fig. 14.

NEW GLADIOLUS. 91

Zeppo TJree. — White ; of tlie Longiflorum species.

If we judge of the future by the past, then we may ex-
pect to receive many more very fine lilies from Japan.
By crossing the many varieties already in our possession
we shall be able to produce new sorts, equal, and probably
much superior, to any that we now have.

In the first volume of the Recced of Hoeticultuee
will be found a list of the best species and varieties of
lilies, and notes on their cultivation and j^ropagation.

NEW GLADIOLUS.

The list of new varieties is very large, as usual ; in fact,
there are altogether too many. No one can think of keep-
ing them all, and they are becoming so numerous, that few
will attempt to remember their names, much less the
characteristics of each. In addition to our list of last
year, we give the names and a condensed description of
twelve more really sj^lendid new varieties :

Anais. — Flower, of handsome form, white, slightly
tinged with lilac, with broad sulphur stains, and stripes of
lilac carmine ; plant, of a dwarf habit.

Bernard de Jussieu. — Flower, very large, violet shaded
with cherry color and purple.

Eugene Scribe. — Flower, large, light, rose splashed with
carminate red.

Etendard. — Flower, very large, white blazed Avith lilac.

La Fiance. — Flower, large and very perfect, pure
white, Avith small violet stains.

Monsieur A. Brengmart. — FloAver, large and perfect,
rose color, slightly tinged Avith orange blazed Avith red.

92 EECOED OF HORTICULTUKE.

Mozart. — Flower, very large and broad, bright rose
slightly shaded with violet and blazed Avith dark carmine. I

Norma. — Flower, medium, pure white, occasionally
slightly tinted with lilac.

Rossini. — Flower, very large, and of excellent form,
dark red striped with white.

Semiramis. — Flower, large and broad, white blazed
with carmine.

Sir William Hooker. — Flower, large and very perfect
in shape, light cherry color, with carmine stains on a pure
white ground.

Tlrania. — Flower, very large, pure white blazed with
bright carrainate rose.

VEGETABLES, MELONS, ETC. 93

V.

A FEW CHOICE

VEGETABLES MELONS, ETC.

CABBAGE.

The improvements made in this vegetable have been
but slight in many years. The Marblehead Mammoth,
it is true, excels all others in size, but in quality is in-
ferior to many of the older sorts. It may be that some of
the new sorts form solid heads more readily than the older
ones ; if so, then they are better for market, and may be
called improved varieties.

Fouler' s Improved Brunswick Cahhage. — This is a very
jiopular sort with the market gardeners near Boston. It
is one of the drumhead varieties, very early, stem short,
and thought to be the best yet introduced.

Early Pancalier Joulin Savoy. — Earlier than the old
Savoy, but scarcely any better in quality.

COEN.

Crosby^ s Early Sugar. — This is certainly a very early
variety ; but we do not think it is as sweet and good as
some of the later kinds.

StoicelVs Evergreen — An old sort, but one of the best,
on account of its remaining a long time in a green state.

CUCUMBEES.

The most notable of the new sorts is the one called

94 EECOED OF HOJBTICULTUEE.

General Grant. It is very long, twenty to thirty inches ;
very solid and crisp. A fine variety for forcing, and does
tolerably well in the open ground.

JVarbit07i*s Giant. — Another very long variety, of good
quality. Should be planted in a hot-bed or forcing-pit.

CELEEY.

The two most popular varieties of this vegetable is the
Boston Market and the Incomparable Dwarf. The latter
is chiefly relied on for New York market and the former
for Boston. They are both dwarf-growing kinds, of ex-
cellent quality, and are always sure to produce good heads
with fair treatment.

KALE.

The most popular sort of kale in the vicinity ot ]S"ew
York is the Dwarf German, although many other sorts are
occasionally grown.

Ahergeldie Kale. — This is a new sort, with very finely
curled leaves. It is of fine flavor, and will probably be-
come quite popular on account of its handsome leaves.

LETTUCE.

"We have tested many varieties ot lettuce, and like the
Curled Simpson best for early, and the Curled India for
late.

MELONS.

TFarc?'s Nectar. — A green-floshed musk melon of high
flavor. From our experience with it the past year, we
are inclined to place it among the very best varieties.

VEGETABLES, MELONS, ETC. 95

Nutmeg, — Old and well known, and has scarcely a
superior.

White Japan. — This has been highly praised. We
have cultivated it for the j^ast four years, but do not con-
sider it sufficiently high flavored to rank with the Nutmeg
or "Ward's Nectar.

WATER MELONS.

Having tested nearly every variety that has been in-
troduced in the past twenty years, we still hold on to the
Old Mountain Sweet. If there is any better or more re-
liable sort, we have not been able to obtain it. To pre-
serve the excellent qualities of this or any other variety,
the seeds should be saved from the very best sj)ecimens
every season.

PEAS.

A pea of poor quality is but little better than none.
This must be considered as only an individual opinion ;
others will think difierently. The very early varieties
have never been among our favorites ; for tho Dan
O'Rourkes and Tom Thumbs, and similar sorts, were never
sweet enough for our taste, and we preferred to wait even
a week or ten days for a iirst-rate dish than to partake of
a second or third rate one, even if sooner obtained.

But in these progressive days we all stand a chance of
being suited. Drew's New Dwarf is really a fine sort ;
although not quite so early as some, still it is so much
better than the very earliest, that one can afford tp wait
three or four days longer for the sake of obtaining one so
good.

96 EECOKD OF HORTICULTURE.

McLean's Little Gem. — This is another sort which
matures very early, and of good quality.

Champion of England. — One may be considered an
old fogy to recommend this old variety ; but we confess
that among the host of new ones tested we have not as
yet found its superior. There are certainly others that
will yield more in measure, but none in richness.

TOMATOES.

The tomato war has raged fearfully throughout the
year 1867. The conflict was opened with Keyes' Early,
which was claimed to be thirty days earlier than the
earliest of the old sorts. This was certainly claiming too
much advance on time for a too often humbugged people
to believe, and many were ready to denounce the variety
before they gave it a trial. With us, it was no earlier than
several of the older sorts, still we are not ready to con-
demn or highly praise it from a one season's trial. The
war of words which has raged in our magazines over the
Keyes' Early is likely to be productive of much good, for
it has waked up our gardeners, and every one who could
find a choice tomato has brought it forward. We name
a few of the most promising :

General Grant. — This new and very promising variety
was awarded the first prize " for the best single dish of
tomatoes," at the annual exhibition of the Massachusetts
Horticultural Society for 1867. We had an opportunity
of testing this tomato the past season, and believe it will
prove to be one of the very best varieties in cultivation.
It is of medium size, round, slightly flattened, without cor-

VEGETABLES, MELONS, ETC. 97

rugations; very solid; color, deep reddish scarlet; prom-
ises to be very early. Washburn & Co., of Boston, have
control of the stock, and will soon offer the seeds for sale.

Cedar Hill. — Medium size, very uniform ; bright reddish
scarlet ; flesh, solid, with few seeds ; quality, best ; ripens
very early. Introduced to public notice by F. W. Wood-
ward, editor and publisher of the Horticulturist^ New
York.

Foard'' s Tomato. — Large, round, and quite smooth ;
flesh, solid, and of good quality. This promises to be a
first-rate variety in every respect.

Maupa'ifs Tomato. — A new variety, sent out from
Philadelphia. It is of large size, firm, and promises well.

Sim''s Early Cluster. — A new variety, introduced from
England the past season. It has not been sufficiently
tested to decide upon its merits.

Tilden. — ^This is really a good variety, but it does not
possess any very remarkable qualities. It is simply a good,
medium, early, and prolific sort.

98 KECOED OF HOETICULTUKE.

VI.
PLANT LABELS.

Amoxg the various methods and materials used for the
purpose of labeling plants, it would be difficult to decide
which one or more were really the best. The chief ob-
ject with all of them is to employ some means by which
we may preserve the identity of each species or variety
of plant; and it is not of so much importance how it is
done as it is to liave it well done.

A cheap and simple method is certainly preferable to a
costly and troublesome one, even if the latter should be a
little more permanent.

Labels are used for the purpose of giving information
relating to the plants on which they are placed ; but in
some instances secret signs are used instead of writing the
full names, and no one except those who possess the key
to these characters is supposed to know Avhat they are.

This method, how^ever, of labeling plants is fixr more
common in European countries than in ours ; and we may
here remark that mystic signs and secrets, formerly so
abundant among nurserymen, are being rapidly done
away with, for we have few men in tlie profession at the
present time who desire to keep their workmen in igno-
rance regarding the i)lants whicli they are cultivating.
As it will not be necessary for us to go back many years
to learn all that is of any practical use to us on this sub-

STAKE LABELS. 99

ject, we shall therefore confine our remarks to the kinds
of labels whicli are now in use, or were until within a
few years.

STAKE LABELS.

Writing uj^on stakes which are driven in the soil is a
common method of labeling plants. The place on the
stake where the name or other characters are to be
written should be made smooth, and coated with white
paint before being used. Two applications of paint are
sometimes put on, the first being allowed to get hard;
afterward a second coat is applied, and the name of the
plant written with a common blacklead or other pencil
while the paint is still soft.

We generally use but one coat of paint, writing upon
the label at the time of applying it; but after it has
become dry, give the label a coat of pure boiled linseed-
oil. This not only preserves the wood, but fixes the
writing, and makes it more permanent than it would
be Avithout this application. Another excellent plan for
preserving the writing is to use a small wedge-shape
label, w^hich may be attached to the stake either by a
screw, nail, or by a staple, the face of the small label
being placed against the side of the stake, so that it shall
not be exposed to the weather. Red cedar and yellow
locust are probably the two best kinds of wood for stake
labels. They are both fine grained and readily made
smooth, and their lasting qualities are well known. White
oak, pitch-pine, cypress, white cedar, and several other
kinds of native wood, will answer the purpose very well;
but we have none equal to the red cedar or locust.

100 EECOED OF HORTICULTURE.

Chestnut stakes will last for a long time ; but the wood
is very coarse grained, and it is difficult to make it suffi-
ciently smooth for writing upon w4th a pencil; besides,
paint will not adhere to it for any considerable time when
exposed to the w^eather. The light, soft kinds of wood,
such as w^hite pine, white-w^ood, bass-wood, etc., may be
used for stakes, if they are previously steeped in some one
of the wood-preserving liquids. Coal-tar is an excellent
preservative, but it should be applied when hot to that
portion of the stake which is to be buried in the soil — the
upper portion may be painted or soaked in oil.

Kyanizing the wood which is to be used for stakes is a
simple process for making it almost indestructible. We
have seen common white pine stakes one inch and a half
in diameter that had been prepared by this process, and
after behig exposed to the weather fourteen years, they
had not decayed to the depth of one fourth of an inch.
These stakes were prepared by soaking them for two or
three days in a solution composed of one pound of corro-
sive sublimate and twenty quarts of water.

Kyanizing is derived from Kyan, the inventor of this
process of j^reserving wood, but of late it has been rather
loosely applied to other methods.

Chloride of zinc, blue vitriol, and other similar sub-
stances, are also used for preserving timber.

"Whenever it is desirable not to place the name of the
Ijlant upon the label, figures or other characters may be
used, and the names be recorded in a book. The Roman
numerals are often employed, and these are cut on the
label thus : I., II., III., IV., etc , or any number required —

SLATE LABELS. 101

these correspouding with names and numbers in the cata-
logue.

Another method of labeling, by using notches, is called
the Anderson system, which w^as invented in England
many years ago, and is described in " Loudon's Encyclo-
pedia of Gardening." Tliis method requires a less num-
ber of notches than in using the Roman numbers ; other-
wise it has no advantages. We give an illustration of it
in fig. 15, which shows a label with the charac- fJJi^
ters representing the numbers from one to ten.

SLATE LABELS.

A few years since we received several thou-
sand slate labels from Germany. They were of
various sliapes and sizes, some for hanging upon
trees, and others for placing in the ground. The
directions accompanying them said that if writ-
ten upon with a common carmine-colored pencil,
that it would remain legible for many years.
This, however, has not proved true with us,
for the rain has generally obliterated the writ-
ing done with a pencil in two or three months.
We have tried several methods of writing upon
these slate labels, but have found none better
than common white paint, using a small camel's
hair pencil for the purpose. The greatest ob-
jection to tliem is, that they are very easily
broken. They are in other respects almost inde-
structible, and very approjiriate for using among
rock-work and other styles of rustic gardening.

z

102

EECOED OF HORTICULTURE.

ZINC LABELS.

These are made of various patterns, both for hanging
upon trees and shrubs as well for the open ground or for
pots. Zinc labels have been in use for a number of years
past, and some of our horticulturists prefer them to any
other. They are, however, too expensive for commercial
purposes ; that is, to affix to plants that are being sold
from the nursery ; but for a permanent label on specimen
plants, they are certainly worthy of attention.

Fi-. 16.

We are not quite sure Avhethcr there are any who make
a business of manufacturing these labels in this country or
not, but almost any one can make them from sheet zinc
with a good strong pair of shears. Zinc labels are im-

GLASS LABELS. 103

ported in large quantities and of various styles. Bliss &
Son, 41 Park Row, New York, are agents for what are
called Yeats' metallic labels. They are sold in boxes con-
taining 100 labels, a pen and ink accompanying each box.
They are made of zinc, and of different forms, as shown
in fig. 16.

Another style of zinc label is shown in fig. 17. It is a
circular piece of zinc with the edges turned over upon a
mica front, between which and the back a strip of paper
is placed with the name of the plant printed thereon. By

Fig. 17.

the aid of a little cement, the whole is rendered impeiwi-
ous to water, and forms an indestructible, neat, and
always legible label.

GLASS LABELS.

Owing to the brittleness of glass, it can not be used
wdiere it will be subjected to rough usage. The proper
place for glass labels is in the conservatory or private
garden. For these purposes there is scarcely anything

104 RECORD OF HORTICULTURE.

more beautiful or useful than some of the styles which
have lately come into use. One of the best we have seen
is an oval glass tube, about three inches long, closed at
the upper end, and made with a hole through which to
put a wire or twine, as in the common wooden tag. The
name of the pLant to wliich the label is to be attached is
printed upon a small strip of paper; this is rolled up and
inserted into the tube from the lower end ; afterward the
aperture is sealed up with v\'ax.

The printed slips used in the labels may be cut from
any ordinary catalogue of plants. The labels may be
suspended upon the plants ; or if made five or six inches
long, they may be used for pot plants, and inserted in the
soil. Fig. 18 represents one of the sizes generally used
for hanging upon shrubby green-house plants.

W^OOD LABELS.

Small wooden tags or labels (as they called by both
names) are more extensively used than any other. They
were formerly made by liand, and the ordinary three-inch
label cost from one to two dollars per thousand ; but the
demand for this article has increased so rapidly of late that
it was found necessary to substitute machinery for hand-
labor, and this has been so successfully accomplished,
that the price of labels has been reduced more than one
Iialf in consequence. Besides the reduction in price, the
article furnished is far superior to that ma.de by the old
method.

If greater durability is required than that of the natural
wood, it is a very easy matter to kyanize or soak the

WOOD LABELS.

105

labels in oil before using tliem. But the cost of these
labels is so little that few persons will take the trouble to
add any composition to them for the purpose of increasing

Fig. 18.

n

Fig. 19.

Fig. 20.

their durability. A good smooth wooden label, painted
white and written upon before the paint gets dry, will
remain legible for two to five years.

6*

106 ' KECOKD OF IIOIiTICULTUKE.

Small coi3per wire is the best material with which to
fasten the label to the plant. Annealed iron or brass wire
will answer the purpose very well, but neither of them
is as flexible or durable as copper.

There are two modes of attaching the wire to the label :
one is, to pass tbe wire through a hole in the label and
give it a twist, as shown in fig. 19 ; and in the other the
wire is passed around the ends fitting into two notches
made for the purpose, as shown in figg. 20 and 21.

Labels are now manufactured of almost any size re-
quired, and of various kinds of wood. White pine and
white wood are mainly used for all kinds of small labels.

Fig. 21.

W. W. Trevor, of Lockport, N. Y., manufactures an im-
mense quantity of these labels, and furnishes them at very
low rates.

Judson & Co., of Rochester, N. Y., also manufacture
them extensively ; and they have lately added a new
feature in this line — that is, of printing the names of tlie
plants upon the label. For nurserymen who sell large
quantities of a single variety, these printed labels are very
convenient, and savo considerable time. Judson & Co.
charge only five cents per thousand extra for printing these
labels, which would scarcely pay for the wear on a Faber
pencil, to say nothing about the time occupied in writing.

WOOD LABELS. 107

We think that this firm deserves great credit for furnish-
ing so good an article and at sucli a low price.

It may appear to many as though we had at the present
time everything in the Avay of labels that is required ;
still there is a want which is not yet fully supplied, and
that is, a cheap and durable label that can be written
upon with a pencil, and have it remain legible, not for one
or two years, but for ten or twenty.

We have plenty of what are called indelible pencils,
but none of them are any better, if as good, as the ordi-
nary pencil when used upon a painted surface.

There is still a chance for improvement in labels, ancl
we are all looking- for the man who will make them.

108 EECOED OF HOETICULTIJEE.

VII.
IMPLEMENTS FOR THE GARDEN.

There are a few implements which have been intro-
duced within the past year that are worthy of special
notice.

Anything that will lighten the labors of the gardener
and assist him to do his work better than formerly, is just
as sure a sign of progress as it is to produce a new variety
of fruit or flower. Many of the old clumsy implements
used in the cjarden are beino; laid aside, and those that
are lighter and better adapted to the work are being in-
troduced. The steel spading-fork has in a great measure
taken the place of the common spade, and the light, steel
rake superseded the malleable iron and wooden one.

Similar changes are observed in all departments of
Horticulture ; and so long as they show that they are
improvements upon the old forms, they should be encour-
aged by every one who takes an interest in the cultivation
of fruits and flowers.

It is often said that " necessity is the mother of inven-
tion," and we have no doubt but that in many instances
it is true ; still, we fear that all inventions are not really
necessary. Hexamer's Prong Hoe, however, owes its
origin to the want of just such an instrument; and as none
were in market, the inventor set himself to work to pro-

neff's pkuning-sheaes. 109

duce one that should be as near the .^^**^

tiling reqnh'ed as possible. y^ y^^^^k^

Every one who has ever had an / ^^^^*^^m|
occasion to work in ground that was r J^ ^
filled with quack-grass roots must ■/ y^

have felt the need of an implement / ^

with which to readily extract them. r

The Prong Hoe we believe is the
thing required for that purpose ; besides, it is
well adapted to various other kinds of work, such
as leveling the soil and thoroughly manipulating
it preparatory to sowmg of seeds. For digging
potatoa-^s, it is far superior to the common hoe,
and many will prefer it to the spading-fork.

Fig. 22 gives a good idea of the form of the im-
plement. The tines are made in pairs, and of the
best spring steel. They are fitted into a mal-
leable iron head and firmly secured by a wedge.
If a tine should be accidentally broken, it may
be readily taken out and repaired without injury
to the other parts, as is often the case with sim-
ilar implements which are made of one piece
of steel. We would recommend the Prong Hoe
as a very handy tool to have about the garden.

neff's peuxixg-sheaes.

A good pair of pruning-shears is one of the
indispensable implements to every farm, garden, or
nursery. For many kinds of work shears are pref-

Fio". 22

erable to a knife, especially in pruning vines,

110 RECOKD OF HORTICULTURE.

shrubs, and small trees. There are several styles of prun-
ing-shears that are made in this country which are equal,

FiK. 23.

if not superior, to the best imported ones ; and we believe
there is no longer any reasonable excuse for sending

KEUKA GKAPE AND FLOWER PICKEIi. Ill

abroad for anything in the Avay of implements that are
required in the garden or nursery.

If our manufacturers are only informed as to M'hat is
wanted, they will soon j^roduce it in the cheapest and
best manner.

Neff's Pruning Shears are very similar in form to the
well-known Weiss pattern, but with a different arrange-
ment in the springs, these being of unequal lengths,
as shown in fig. 23. The peculiar arrangement of the

Fig. 24.

springs allows of a ready adjustment of the tension to
suit different kinds of work and the strength of the oper-
ator's hand. Some will prefer a stronger spring than
others, and Mr. Neff has devised a plan by wliich all may
be suited. These shears may be obtained of F. M.
McDowell, Wayne, N. Y., or at the agricultural ware-
houses in ISTew York city.

XEUKA GRAPE AND FLOW^ER PICKER.

This is a very simple invention, adapted for gathering
fruits and flowers, and especially for grapes. By a simple
contrivance the shears are made to hold the bunch of
grapes after it is cut from the vice, thereby preventing it

112

KECOKD OF IIORTICULTUKE.

falling, even if it is not caught by the hand. Fig. 24
shows the grape picker as it appears when holding a
bunch of grapes.

GALVANIZED IRON TRELLIS.

"VYra. W. Wilcox, of INIiddletown, Conn., has lately
invented a very useful article for the garden, which he
has named as above. These trellises are well adapted
for the purpose for which they are designed, and are made

Fig. 2o

Fig. 2G.

of various sizes, from seven inches high up to three or
more feet. The smallest size is suitable for protecting
strawberry plants or low herbaceous plants, while the
larger ni:vy be used for tomatoes, raspberries, climbing

Figs. 25 and 2G givq. a very good idea of the general

GALVANIZED IKON TKELLIS.

113

form of the circular trellis, while in iig. 27 is shown what
is called a fence trellis, which is made by using the same
standards, but straight rods instead of circular ones.

Fiff. 27.

Mr. Wilcox's invention is a very useful and ornamental
one, and just what is needed in every garden.

HORTICULTURAL DIRECTORY.

The name and address of every Nurseryman, Florist, and Seedsman, in North.
America, will be inserted without charge in the future volumes of the Record op
Horticulture, provided they are forwarded to us by the 1st of December of
each year. The following list we believe to be the most complete of any hereto-
fore published ; still, it may not be perfect, and we should be pleased to receive
notice of any error or omission :

Abel, C. C, Bulbs New York City.

Adair, William Detroit. Mich.

Adair, D. L., Small Fruits Hanesville, Ky.

Adams, J. W Springfield, Mass.

Allen & Johnson Richmond, Va.

Allen, Samuel L., Small Fruits Cinnaminson, N. J.

Allen, Edwin New Brunswick, N. J.

Allen, Martin Mendota, 111.

Allis, S. J., Vines North East, Pa.

Albaugh, N. H Tadmore, Ohio.

Aldrich, Berry Tiskilwa. 111.

Andrews, Thomas C Morristown, N. J.

Andei-son, S., Small Fruits Hammonton, N. J.

Anderson, Sears & Co Geneva, N. Y.

Archer, Thomas St. Joseph, Mich.

Arnold, Charles Paris, Canada West.

Asmus. R., Florist Hoboken, N. J.

Atwood, Isaac Lake Mills, Wis.

Augur, Charles P., Small Fruits "Whitnej'ville, Conn.

Avery, Henry Burlington, Iowa.

Ayers, A. P Des Moines, Iowa.

Babcock, I. H., & Co Lockport, N. Y.

Babcock, E. F Sunimerville, 111.

Bacon, E. E Toledo, Ohio.

Bailey, John W., Vines Plattsburgh, N. Y.

Baird, J. C Easton, Kansas.

Batters, J. R. & A Clinton, Iowa.

Barber, James Richmond, III.

Barber, Joel Lancaster, Wis.

Baker, George Toledo, Ohio.

Baker, Charles R Dorchester, Mass.

Baker, W. 11 Dorchester, Mass,

Banks, SlingerhoflT & Co., Seeds St. Louis, Mo.

Bannan, Benjamin Pottsville, Pa.

Banta, Garret H Tappan, N. Y.

Barnard, Norris Stjll Pond, Cross Roads, Md.

Barnett, W. N., Vines West Haven, Conn.

Barrett, S Yincennes, Ind.

Barnes & Kelly Cove Creek, Kansas.

Barnes & Carlin Sandusky, Ohio.

Bassett, Lyman, Raspberries West Haven, Conn.

Bassett, W. F., Small Fruits Hammonton, N. J.

116 HORTICULTUEAL DIEECTOET.

Bauman, P Pottsville, Pa.

Baumann, E. A Rahway, N. J.

Bayles & Brotliers Carondelet, Mo.

Beaumont & Lealand Bloomingtoii, 111.

Beebee, W. W., Secretary Iowa Horticultural Society Dubuque, Iowa.

Beck, Charles Dayton, Ohio,

Belleville, Dr. J. B., & Son Mount Washington, Ohio.

Bement, Samuel Toledo, Ohio.

Bennet & Davidson, Flo7i,st$ Flatbush, N. Y.

Berkmans, P. J Augusta, Ga.

Berst, H Erie, Pa.

Best, John Utica, N. Y.

Beyer, Hugo, Seeds New London, Iowa.

Bissett, Jiimes, Florist Philadelphia, Pa.

' Black, Charles Hightstown, N. J.

Blackwell, Atchley & Co. . . Titusville, N. J.

Blair, John, Landscape Gardener Chicago, III.

Blair & Co Lee's Summit, Mo.

Blake, W Chester, S. C.

Bliss, B. K., & Son •. Springfield, Mass.

Bliss, B. K., & Sou 41 Park Row% New York City.

Blumenschein, A. D., Florist , Chicago, 111.

Bluft'ton Wine Co Bluffton, Mo.

Boalt, G. & S Norwalk, Ohio.

Boardman & Co Rochester, N. Y.

Bolgiano, J., & Son, Seeds Baltimore, Md.

Bockstoce, Henry Pittsburgh, Pa.

Borman, Andrew, Seeds London, Ohio.

Bondurant & Todd. Seeds Louisville, Ky.

Bowditch, A. C, Seeds Boston, Mass.

Bowen, E. P Buffalo, N. Y.

Bowen, Edward Buffalo, N. Y.

Bowman, Marshal D., Small Fruits Vincennes, Ind.

Bracket, G. P - Denmark, Iowa.

Brackenridge, W. D Govanstown, Md.

Breck, J., & Son, Seeds Boston, Mass.

Brehm, F. C, Vines Waterloo, N. Y.

Breusing, Hermou, Florist Weekawken, N. J.

Bridgeman, Andrew, Florist New York City.

Bridgeman, Alfred, Seeds New York City.

Bright, William, Landscape Gardener Germantown. Pa.

Brill, Francis Newark, N. J.

Briggs & Potter Kalamazoo, Mich.

Brinckerhoff, Charles Fishkill Landing, Dutchess County, N. Y.

Brooks & Stagg Paris, 111.

Brooker & Holmes Junction Grove, 111.

Bronson & Dodge Warsaw, Ind,

Bronson, Graves & Selover Rochester, N. Y.

Brown, W. F., Seeds Oxford, Ohio.

Brown, W. C Monmouth, 111.

Brown, D. H New Brunswick, N. J.

Brown' John P Ottawa, Kansas.

]irub;i(;ker, J. P Nachusa, 111.

Bryiint & Son Princeton, 111.

Bubnch, J. G Princeton, 111.

Budd, J. L., & Co Shellsburg, Iowa.

Buclianan, D. D Elizabeth, N. J.

Buchanan, Isaac Astoria, N. Y.

Buist, Robert Philadelphia, Pa.

Buist, R. Jr., Seeds Philadelphia, Pa.

Burgess, A., Florist East New York, N. Y.

Burgess, Ed., Small Fruits Poughkeepsic, N. Y.

Burgess, W. A., Flm'ist Glen Cove, N. Y.

liurkholder & Wilson Bendcrsville, Pa.

Jiushnell, II., Vines Peckskill, N. Y.

HOKTICDLTUEAL DIKECTOKT. 117

Burroughs, Solon Vergennes, Vt.

Burns, A. M., Vi7ies Manhattan, Kansas.

Cadness, John Fhishing, N. Y.

Caldwell & Sexton Kankakee, 111.

Caldwell, William B Paris, 111.

Caldwell, Joseph Troy, N. Y.

Callahan & McGrane Bloomington, 111.

Calkins, John S., Vines New Market, N. J.

Campbell, G. W., Vines Delaware, Ohio.

Cartwright, George & Co Welleslej', Mass,

Cartwright & Co Baltimore, Wd.

Carpenter, William S , Rye, N. Y.

Carpenter, J. A Cobden, 111.

Carpenter, Edward J Pleasantville, N. Y.

Cavanach, Thomas. Stnall Fruits Brooklyn, N. Y,

Cavanach, Owen, Florist Brooklyn, N. Y.

Chapin, Willard & Co Kewanee, 111.

Chapman, L. D., Trees Portland, Me,

Charlton, John, Vines Rochester, N. Y.

Chatfield, A. F., Floi^ist Albany, N. Y.

Chamberlain & McDonald, Floi'ists Brooklyn, N. Y.

Christj', J. R Ilackensack, N. J.

Claggett, Dr. H St. Louis. Mo.

Clapp, C. W., Vines Wappin^er Falls, N. Y.

Clark, N \A'est Chester, Pa.

Clarke, F. N., Small Fruits New Haven, Conn.

Clarke. E. E., deceased. See F. N. C, his successor.

Clement, A., & Co.. ..Lowell, Mass.

Cline, J. B., Small Fniits Rochester. N. Y.

Closson, William, & Son Prairie City, 111.

Coburn, J. W Flushing, N. Y.

Cochrane, James Havana, 111.

Cocklin, E. H., Small Fruits Shepardstown, Pa.

Coleman, O. M Bloomington, 111.

Collins, Anderson & Co., Seeds Philadelphia. Pa.

Collins, Charles, Small Fruits ." Moorestown, N. J.

Collins, John S., Small Fniits Moorestown, N. J.

Colman & Sanders St. Louis, Mo.

Comstock, Ferre & Co., Seeds Wethersfield, Conn.

Cone, J. W.. Vines Yineland, N. J.

Connor & Highland, Vines Neoga, 111.

Connor, Charles St. Louis. Mo.

Cook, J. S Cincinnati. Ohio.

Cook, M. S Avondale, Pa.

Copeland, CD Lima, N. Y.

Copelaud, R. M., Landscape Gardener Boston, Mass.

Corse, William, & Son Baltimore, Md.

Covell & Sons, Small Fniits Sandusky, Ohio.

Cowdery Brothers, Vines Sandusky, Ohio.

Cox, P Morrow, Ohio.

Craft, George Brookline, Mass.

Craig, R. G., & Co., Seeds '. Memphis, Tenn.

Crane, C. G., & Co., Seeds Newark, N. J.

Crane, John, Small Fruits Union, N. J,

Cripps, J. B Albion, Iowa.

Cromwell, R Baltimore. Md.

Crowell, H. F., Small Fruits Ilammonton. N. J.

Crucknell, Charles Pottsville, Pa.

Cummings, D., Vines Conneaut. Ohio.

Curtis, George D., & Co Moundville, W. Va.

Curtis, Henrv Owego, N. Y.

Curtis & Cobb, Seeds Boston, Mass.

Dailledouze, Zeller & Co Flatbush, N. Y.

Dake, L. E., & Co Rochester, N. Y.

Davenport, George, »fc Co Boston, Mass.

118 HOETICULTUHAL DIEECTOEY.

Davis, Charles Phillipsburgb, N. J.

Davis, F., & Co Ricliinond, Va.

Davies, John, Florist College Hill, Ohio.

Davis, H. W Oakley, 111.

Davidson, N. N Indianapolis, Ind.

Davidson & Syrcd, Florists Brooklyn, N. Y.

Daj', William Morristown, J. J.

Deitz, George A., Seeds Chambersburg, Pa.

Deliot, J. F., Vines Sing Sing, N. Y.

De Cou, Samuel C, Small Fruits Eeckletown, N. J'.

De Pew, Peter, & Son, Vines Nyack, N. Y.

Deem, D., SinaJl Fruits Knightstown, Ind.

De Wolf, M., Small Fruits Delavan, Wis.

Dingee & Conrad West Grove, Pa.

Dingwall, John. Florist Albany, N. Y.

Dick, John, Florist. Philadelphia, Pa.

Doane, Charles N.. Florist Jamaica, N. Y.

Doolittle, H. H., Easpberries Oaks Corners, N. Y.

Doolittle & Wight Waterloo, N. Y.

Donaldson, John Kittanning, Pa.

Donnelly, R. J Rochester, N. Y.

Downer, J. S., & Son Fairview, Ky.

Douglass, Robert Wankegan, 111.

Dreer. Henry A., Seeds and Plants Philadelphia, Pa.

Duffell, Samuel T., Small Fruits Yardville, N. J.

Dunlap, M. L Champaign, 111.

Dunlap, II. J Champaign, 111.

Dunlap, John Milwaukie, Wis.

Duquett, Morris & Co Frederick City, Md.

Eber & Kceneke, Seeds and Plants Quincy, 111.

Edgarton, John Coal Creek, Iowa.

Edwards, Samuel La Moille, 111.

Edmiston, D. G., Small Fruits Adrian, Mich.

Eider, Walter, Landscape Gardener Philadelphia, Pa.

Ellsworth, L., & Co. Napierville, 111.

Elliott & Sons, Vines ♦. Pittsburgh, Pa.

Ellwanger & Barry Rochester, N. Y.

Ellis, John, Landscape Gardener White Plains, N. Y.

Engle & Brothers Marietta, Pa.

Eiinis, Dr. J. E Lyons, Iowa.

Erhard, Charles T Hunter's Point, N. Y.

Evans, William Montreal, C. East.

Evans, Edward J., & Co York, Pa.

Fahenstock, L Toledo, Ohio.

Fancher, F. B Lausingburgh, N. Y.

Farrell, H. T Kenosha, Wis.

Feast, Samuel, & Son Baltimore, Md.

Feast, John, Florist Baltimore, Md.

Ferguson, David Falls of Schuylkill, Philadelphia, Pa.

Ferris, J. C Seymour, Ind.

Ferris & Cay wood Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

Ferris, William Throgg's Neck, N. Y.

Ferraud, E Detroit, Mich.

Fi sh, A. C Rochester, N. Y.

Flagg, W. C, Secretary Illinois Horticultural Society Alton, 111.

Fiender, John, Seeds Philadelphia, Pa.

Fletcher, Thomas J Delanco, N. J.

Fogg, Waldo Salem Center, Ohio.

Fogg, J. P., & Son, Seeds Chicago. 111.

Foole, J. A., Seeds Terre Haute, Ind.

Ford, L. M., & Co St. Paul, Minn,.

P'oord & Co Auburn, N. Y.

Foster, J. II., Jr Glendale, N. J.

Foster, Suel Muscatine, Iowa.

Fraker, William A., Vines Shirlcysburgh, Pa.

HOETICULTUKAL DIRECTOET. 119

France, E Cobbleskill, N. T.

Freeman, Itaac New Carlisle, Ohio.

Fritts. C. E. & J. S., Small Fruits Elhvood, N. J.

Frost & Co Rochester, N. Y.

Frost, E. C Watkins, N. Y.

Frj'er, Dr., & Son New Orleans, La,

Fuller, H. H., Eases Wheaton. Ill;

Fuller, A. S., Small Fruits Ridgewood, N. J.

Fuller, II. C, Small Fimits Albion, N. Y.

Furnas, H Danville, Ind.

GallowaA% J. L Milford, Ohio.

Galusha,' O. B Lisbon, 111,

Gates, Leroy Kilbourn City, Wis,

Gardner, Seeds Fredonia, N. Y.

Garretson, G. R., Seeds ...Flushing, N. Y,

Geissel & Kressen, Seeds Louisville, Ky,

Grant, C. W., Vines Peekskill, N. Y,

Greegory, J. J. H.. Seeds Marblehead, Mass.

Greenman, C. H. & J. M Milton, Wis.

Griffith, J. M., Seeds Baltimore, Md.

Griffith, William. Vines North East. Pa.

Grubb, W. S.. Hop Boots Baraboo, Wis.

Goebel, G St. Louis, Mo.

Goddard, C. S., Florist Portland, Maine.

Goodale, S. L Saco, Maine.

Goodnough, W., Small Fruits Lyons, N. Y.

Gould, Beckwith & Co Rochester, N. Y.

Guest, James Richmond, Va.

Gurney, John Philadelphia, Pa.

Hacker, William, Seeds Philadelphia, Pa,

Hague, John Clinton, Iowa.

Haines, R. B Cheltenham, Pa.

Hall, D. S Alton, III.

Hall, A, S Vi neland. N. J.

Hall, I Toledo, Ohio.

Hall, Joshua Tipton, 111.

Halliday & Sons Baltimore, Md.

Hance, A., & Sons Red Bank, N. J.

Hanford, R. G Columbus, Ohio.

Hanford, W. C Rockford, 111.

Hanford & Co Bristol, Ind.

Hanmore, J. W., Vines Newburgh, N. Y.

Hammond, A. C Warsaw. 111.

Hammond. A Geneva, N. Y.

Hargis & Sommer Quinc}', 111.

Harmon, Charles, Small Fruits Gray's Ferry, Pa.

Harnden, N. B Atlanta, Ga.

Harvev, J. J Newark. N. J.

Haskell & Kimball, Seeds, etc Rockford. Ill,

Hatch, A, L Jackson, Miss,

Hatfield, A. J.. Small Fi^uits Niles. Mich.

Hawthorn «& Howell Leavenworth, Kansas,

Heaver, William Cincinnati, Ohio.

Ileflfron, D. S Utica, N. Y.

Heiks, George Dayton, Ohio.

Heine Brothers Terre ilaute. Ind.

Helmer, J. W Lockport, N. Y.

Henderson, John, & Co., Florists Flushing. N. Y,

Henderson & Fleming, Seeds New York City,

Henderson, Peter South Bergen, N. J,

Henriot, Francis, Vines Paterson, N. J.

Herenden. E. W Macedon, N. Y.

Hester, William ,, Terry, Miss.

Hexamer, see Reisig «& Hexamer.

Hicks, Isaac, & Son North Hempstead, N. Y,

120 HOETICULTUEAL DIEECTOEY.

Hicks, Samuel North Hempstead, N. Y.

Higley, S. H., Small Fmits Port Byrou, N. Y.

Higgings, Daniel Flushing, N. Y.

Hinks, J. W., & Co., Vines Bridgeport, Conn.

Hislop, Thomas, Flvrist Mihvaukie, Wis.

Hoag, John W.. Small Fruits Waterford, N. Y.

Hoag, C. L., & Co Lockport, N. Y.

Hoff, O. W Wataga, 111.

Hocrg, R, & w. S., Florists Providence, E. I,

Holding, J. H., Small Friiits Hammonton, N. J.

Holman, D. F., & Co., Vines Chicago, 111.

Holton, K. W., Vines Haverstraw, N. if.

Hooker, 11. E., & Brothers Eochester, N. Y.

Hooper Brothers & Thomas Westchester, Pa.

Hoppes, Samuel, Small Fruits Cherry Grove. Ohio.

Hopper, J. V Bunker Hill, 111.

Houpt, E., Small Fruits Hammonton, N. J.

Hovey & Co Boston, Mass.

Hovey, A. H., Seeds Chicago. 111.

How, Henry K New Brunswick, N. J.

Howitt, Gerald, Florist Paterson, N. J.

Hoyt, S., & Sons New Canaan, Conn.

Hoyt, D. J. B., Small Fruits Gaines, N. Y.

Huggins, Z. E Glasgow, Ky.

Huggins, Jona Woodburn, HI.

Hunter, J. M Ashley, 111.

Hummer, L. O Montondon, Pa.

Husted, Noah P Lowell, Mich.

Husted & Hazelton Delaware, Ohio.

Hussey, A. H., Osage Orange Mount Pleasant, Ohio.

Hyde, J. F. C Boston, Mass.

Ingle & Brothers Marietta, Ohio.

Ives, J. S., Seeds Salem, Mass.

Jackson, Isaac, Vines West Grove, Pa.

Jackson, Thomas, Trees Portland, Maine.

Jenkins & Williams, Vines Salem, Ohio.

Jennys, E. B., Seeds and Plants Bridgeport, Conn.

Johnston, M. W., Small Fruits South Bend, Ind.

Jones & Baker Troy, Kansas.

Jones, Ellinwood & Bradley Chicago, 111.

Jordan, J. M St. Louis, Mo.

Judson & Co.. Labels Eochester, N. Y.

Kadletz, J., Florist Stapleton, S. I., N. Y.

Kauffman, S Iowa City, Iowa.

Kauffman, D. W Des Moines, Iowa.

Keech, J., Stnall Fruits AVaterloo, N. Y.

Keeley, Edward J., Small Fruits Eidgewood, N. J.

Kellogg, George Janesville, Wis.

Kelley, James St. Louis, Mo.

Kendig, E. P Waterloo, N. Y.

Kempton, E., Small Fruits Hammonton, N. J.

Kepple, John Ilarrishurgh, Pa.

Kern, N. G., Landscape Gardener Alton, 111.

Kift, Joe, Florist W^estchester, Pa.

Kimball, G. E Iowa City, Iowa.

King & Murrav Flushing, N. Y.

Kinsev & Gaines Dayton, Ohio.

Knauth, Nachod & Co., Importers New York City.

Knox, J., Small Fruits Pittsburgh, Pa.

Knodle, J. W. & G. W Ilillsboro, 111.

Knowlton, I. S Byron, 111.

Koenig, William, «fc Co St. Louis, Mo.

Koler & Bledsoe Collinsville, Tenn.

Landreth & Son, Seeds Philadelphia, Pa.

Langdon, C. C Mobile, Ala.

HORTICULTUKAL DIEECTOEY. 121

Lauer, A Smith's Station, Ky.

Lawj'er, A. M., Peaches and Ajyples South Pass, 111.

Lambert, George New Brunswick, N. J.

Leeds, Nathan Cinnaminson, N. J.

Lenk & Co Toledo, Ohio.

Lennox, Charles, Florist Philadelphia, Pa.

Leonard, Bailey & Co., Vines Cleveland, Ohio.

Leonard. J. T., Hedge Plants Albion, N. Y.

Lewis, Martin Chicago, 111.

Le\^^s, H. M., & Co Sanduskv, Ohio.

Little, W. S Rochester, N. Y.

Little, J. T Dixon, 111.

Lindlej% N. H Bridgeport, Conn.

Lines, Richard, Small Fruits Spring v alley, N. Y.

Livingston, A. W., Seeds Rej'noldsburg, Ohio.

Lond, G. B. Romeo, Mich.

Long, D., & Son Mount Carroll, 111.

Long, David Williamsville, N. Y.

Long, Geoi'ge Lanark, 111.

Luckhurst, J., Jr., & Co Rochester, N. Y.

Lukens, W. E Sterling, 111.

Lum, H. B., Small Fruits Sandusky, Ohio.

LjTnan, W. H Leveritt, Mass.

Lynch, Edward, FloriM New York City.

Lyons, N. C, Small Fruits Coral, 111.

Mace, B. 11., Vines Newburgh, N. Y.

Mackey, William Morrisiana, N. Y.

Mattisbn, James ls\ Jacksonville, N. Y.

Mann, W. H., & Brothers Gilman, 111.

Manhard, E. A., & Co Canton, Miss.

]\Ianning, J. W Reading, Mass.

iManning, R. J Demopolis. Ala.

Manson & Murry Murfreesboro, Tenn.

Marc, Gabriel Astoria, N. Y.

Marc & Witman Astoria, N. Y.

Marshall, Edwin Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

]VIarshall, S. B Massillon. Ohio.

Martin, J. F Mt. Washington, Ohio.

iMason, Charles, Vines West Hartford, Conn.

Maupay, S., & Co Rising Sun, Philadelphia, Pa.

Maxwell, O. B., & Co Danville, N. Y.

Maxwell, T. C, & Co Rochester, N. Y.

McArthur, John G., & Co Tomola, Miss.

McCarthey & Flower Penfield, N. Y.

McCartney Cameron, Mo.

McGown & Ware South Union, Ky.

McLain & Son Charlestown, 111.

McLaury, D New Brunswick, N. J.

McKee, J. A Cynthiana, Ky.

McKinstry, B. N East Sumner, III.

McWhorter, Tyler Millesburgh, 111.

Meech, F. J Albany, N. Y.

Meehan, Thomas Germantown, Pa.

Merceron, F. F., Vines Catawissa, Pa.

Merritt, Edward Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

Merrick, J. M Walpole, Mass.

Meissner, G. E., Vines Richmond, S. I., N. Y.

Merrill, A., Vines Geneva, N. Y.

Meserole, P. S., Seeds Chicago, 111.

Messeburg, A., Florist Flatbush, N. Y.

Michel, Henry, Floi^st St. Louis, Mo.

Miller & Co Setzler's Store, Pa.

Miller, Charles H., Landscape Gardener Philadelphia, Pa.

Miller & Sons, Floiists Chicago, 111,

MiUer, Dr. C.C Marengo, 111.

122 HOKTICULTUKAL DIEECTOKY.

Miller, Samuel Bluffton, Mo.

Miller, Mark Bes Moines, Iowa.

Miller, Washin£cton, Vines Des Moines, Iowa.

Mills, J. W., Vines Vineland, N. J.

Mittag, Louis EavensAvood, N. Y.

Miner, T. B., Vines Oneida, N. Y.

Minkler, S. G Oswego, 111.

Montgomery & Ilelnl Mattoon, 111.

Moody, E., & Sons Lockport, N. Y.

Moon^ Mahlon Morrisville, Pa.

Moore, Jacob, Vines Rochester, N. Y.

Morris, Paschal, Seeds Philadelphia, Pa.

Morris, E., Small Fruits Burlington, N. J.

Morse & Kike Le Roy, 111.

Moses, R. J Columbia. Ga.

Moulson, Samuel Rochester, N. Y.

Munn, W. II.. & Co Normal, III.

Musgrove, Pence & Barnes Young America, 111.

Munson & Kiel Zanesville, Ohio.

Munson, D. O FalFs Church, Va.

Muir, Samuel, Florist Chicago, 111.

Murdock, J. R., & Co Pittsburgh, Pa.

Murphv, John Dansville, N. Y.

Mumma, G. R., Florist Dayton, Ohio.

Nelson, David Philadelphia, Pa.

Nelson, J. A Mercer, Pa.

Nelson, I. D. G Fort Wayne, Ind.

Nelson, W. T., & Co Wilmington, 111.

Nicholas, O. P., Hedge Plants Davenport, Iowa.

Nicholas & Newsou Geneva, N. Y.

Nesbit, W. L Lewisburg, Pa.

Newbury, E., Seeds and Plants Brooklyn, Conn.

Nevin. A. N Chenoa, 111.

Nourse, W. A Moline, 111.

Noj-es, A Bangor, Maine.

Nye, J. B. B., Small Frvits Marion, Mass.

O'Keefe & Son, Seednien and Florists Rochester, N. Y.

Olm Brothers Springfield, Mass.

Osburn, W. D Port Byron, N. Y.

Osburn & Sons, Small Fruits Benton Harbor, Mich.

Otis, C. S Charles City, Iowa.

Otto & Achelis Westchester, Pa,

Palmer & Turpin, Seeds and Plants Richmond, Va.

Patrick, William Terre Haute, Ind.

Parkman, F.. Florist Jamaica Plains, Mass.

Parker, W. W Vinton, Iowa.

Parsons & Co Flushing, N. Y.

Partridge, Stephen St. Louis, Mo.

Parmlee, William New Haven, Conn.

Parry, VVilliam Cinnaminson, N. J .

Paul, Chauncey Vineland, N. J.

Paulsen, Julius, Florist Wcehawken. N. J.

Payne, Thomas H Libertyville, 111.

Pearsall, W. C Port Byron, N. Y.

Pearson, J. II Ainsworth, Iowa.

Peirce, Lukens Ercildoiin, Pa.

Pennock Brothers Upper Darby, Pa.

Penniman, II. P Battle Creek, Mich.

Pentland, James, FloHst Baltimore, Md.

Pentland, F Lockland, Ohio.

Peter, Rol)crt Lexington, Ky.

Peters, George, & Brothers New Carlisle, Ohio.

Peters, R. S Newark, Del.

Peters, W. M Centerville, Del.

Peterson, P. S., Trees Chicago, 111.

nORTICULTCKAL DIRECTORY. 123

Pettigi-ew & Pteid, Florists Chicago, 111.

Pettiiigill. J. H .• Bunker Hill, 111.

Perkins, John Moorestown, N. J.

PeiT}-, George, & Co Georgetown, Conn.

Perrv. F. L Canaudaigiia, N. Y.

Pfeiffer, A.. & Son Cincinnati, Ohio.

Pfeiflner & Marquordt Delaware, Ohio.

Phelps & Zetterstron Kenosha, "\Vi?.

Phillips, R.. Small Fruits iSIatawan, N. J.

Phillips, Z., & Son Moliue. 111.

Pitkin, TSlard & Co Louisville, K}-.

Piatt, G. F., Seeds Xew Haven. Conn.

Piatt, J. S.. Fruit Dealer Chicago, 111.

Plattman, I. A Erie, Pa.

Plant & Brother, Seeds St. Louis, Mo.

Plenders, John, Small Fruits, etc Philadelphia. Pa.

Plumb, J. C Milton Junction, Wis.

Pool, 1. A., Florist Chicago, 111.

Pope, R. F. . . • Pinmund3% 111.

Potter, H. H., Hop Boots Baraboo, Wis.

Potter, T. G., Seed Grower East Providence, R. I.

Potter, E. J., & Co., Small Fruits Knowlesville, N. Y.

Pouley, Robert. Florist Chicago, 111.

Prestle, Jos., Sen.. Fruit Painfe.r IIomcstead.''Iovva.

Prince & Co Flushing, N. Y.

Prentiss, E. C, Small Fruits ' Reading, Mass.

Price, James S Media, Pa.

Purdy, A. M Palmyra, N. Y.

Purdy & Hance South Bend, Ind.

Purple, S. H., Florist Columbia. Pa.

Quinn, P. T Newark, N. J.

Ramsaj', Wilfred. Seeds Albanj', N. Y.

Ramsey & Co., Hoj^ Foots Reedsbufg, Wis.

P-ansom, James O.. Small Fruits Hammontou, N. J.

Raoux. Clemence, Importer New York City.

Raymond Brothers Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

Reagles, C, & Son Schenectady, N. Y.

Redmond & Hill Augusta, Ga.

Reese, James Ridtre Farm, 111.

Reeves, J. B Moulton. HI.

Reeve, Edward . Medford, N. J.

Reihl, E. A.. & Brothers Alton, HI.

Reissig, Charles. Florist Chicago, HI.

Reissig & Hexamer New Castle, N. Y.

Rennison, J. C. . .■ Bloomington. 111.

Requa, James A., Tines ., Brocton, N. Y.

Richardson & Bellows Geneva, N. Y.

Richmond, C. W Napierville, 111.

Richmond, J Genesee, 111.

Roberts, J. A Paoli, Pa.

Robinson, W. D Henrj', 111.

Root, James H.. Seeds and Plants Skaneateles, N. Y.

Rogers, E. C. Vines Salem, Mass.

Rommel, Jacob,- Vines Hermann, Mo.

Ross, W. T Yiueland. N. J.

Rovce, W. A.. Vines Newburg, N. Y.

Rudd, D. P., & Co., Hop Roots Reedsburg, Wis.

Rudisill. H Fort Wayne, Ind.

Rutter, J Westchester, Pa.

Ryder, B. L Loudon. Pa.

Ryder & Co Sing Sing, N. Y.

Ryder & Wilson Vinejand, N. J.

Sacksteder, John, Vines Louisville, Ky.

Safford, R. R Aurora, 111.

Sattcrthwaite, E., Seeds, etc Philadelphia, Pa.

124: HOETICULTUKAL DIKECTOKY.

Sanders, Edgar, Florist Chicago, HI.

Sanders, Carew St. Louis, Mo.

Saunders, William Government Garden, "Washington, D. C.

Saul, John "Washington, D. C.

Savage & "Wing, Hedge Plants Lyons, Iowa.

Scarborough, A Payson, 111.

Schaffer, G.\( Terre Haute, Ind.

Schlegel, A.. & Co., Seeds Boston, Mass.

Schroeder, Dr. 11 Bloomington, 111.

Schmidt, F. A., & Brothers, Seeds Cincinnati, Ohio.

Schmidt, Augustus, Seeds London, Ohio.

Schofleld, D. C Elgin, 111.

Scott, R., Florist Philadelphia, Pa.

Scott, Robert, Vines Laporte, Ind.

Scott, L. D., & Co., Seeds Huron, Ohio.

Seal, Thomas P Unionville, Pa.

Sias, A. W Rochester, Minn.

Simonson, I. J., & Co., Florist New Springfield. N. Y.

Sinnock & Co Quincv, 111.

Sintou, Joseph Angola, N. Y.

Shaffer, G. "W Terre Haute, Ind.

Shaw & Atwood Carver, Mass.

Shearman, J. S Rockford, 111.

Sheehan, J., Florist Springfield, Mass.

Shepperd & Co., Seeds New York City.

Skinner & "Wedgewood Marengo, 111.

Small, A. L Kankakee, 111.

Smith, F. M St. Paul, Minn.

Smith, J. C Des Moines, Iowa.

Smith, J. F Brentwood, N. H.

Smi th, W. & T Geneva, N. Y.

Smith, "W. Brown Syracuse, N. Y.

Snow, Dexter, Florist Chicopee, Mass.

Snyder, E Highland, Kansas.

Snyder, Dr. George Magnolia, Miss.

Somerville. T Lexington, Ky.

Southwick, T. T DansviTle, N. Y.

Sowell, A. H., Florist Philadelphia, Pa.

Spalding & Co Springfield, 111.

Spalding, E. R Toms River, N. J.

Spangler, N. H Fruitlands, N. J.

Starr, Barton, Small Fruits Mount Vernon, Ohio.

Stayman, Dr. J Philadelphia, Pa.

Steevens, D. B., Small Fruits Essex, Conn.

Stevens & Somers, Seeds Madison, "Wis.

Steensland, Halle, Seeds Madison, "Wis.

Stewart, W Quinc}% 111.

Stilz, George Indianapolis, Ind.

Stickney & Baumbach Wapun, "Wis.

Stickney, J. S Wauwatosa, "Wis.

Stokes, Ezra, Small Fruits Berlin, N. J.

Stoms & Son, Seeds Cincinnati, Ohio.

Storrs, Harrison & Co Painesville, Ohio.

Strong, "W. C Brighton, Mass.

Strowger, "W. D., & Co Oswego, N. Y,

Such. George South Amboy, N. J.

Summer, William Pomaria, S. C.

Sutton, P., Small Fruits Pittston, Pa.

Sulzer, F., & Co C^iicago, 111.

Svvasey, H. A Tangipahoa, La.

Sylvester, E. Ware Lyons, N. Y.

Tait, A. E., Vines Morrisania, N. Y.

Tanner, W Leavenworth, Kansas.

Tasker & Earl Lawrence, Kansas.

Tatnall, Edward J Wilmington, Del.

nOKTICULTUKAL DIRECTORY. 125

Tatnall, Edward Wilmington, Del.

Taylor, O ..Lincolu, \a.

Teas J C Raysville, Ind.

Tear' E Y ..." Richmond, Ind.

Templeton' John Ty. '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'....'.'. • • • Davenport, Iowa.

Terry H A. Crescent City, Iowa.

Thomas &Herendeen '.'.'.' Macedon, K Y.

Thompson, Rufus, Hop Hoots Oregon, T\ is.

Thompson & Myers Brookfield, Mo.

Thompson, J. C Tompkinsville, N. Y.

Thorbiirn, J. M., Seeds New York City.

Thorburn. S. T., Seeds Albany, K Y.

Thurlow% T. C Newburyport, Mass.

Tildon, Henry, Seeds Davenport, Iowa.

Tillson, O. J., Small Fmits '■ Highland, N. Y.

Titns, H. P Des Moines, Iowa.

Tinkham, Otis, Small Fruits Lakeville, Mass.

Trevor & Co., Labels Lockport. N. Y.

Trimble. H. B West Chester, Pa.

Trowbridge, F., Small Fruits Milford, Conn.

Tubbs, J.X Elkhorn, Wis.

Tuttle, A. G Baraboo, Wis.

Tuttle & Son Baraboo, Wis.

Tyler, Arville West Newton, Mass.

Tyran, J. H Willonghbv, Ohio.

Vail, A. H., & Co Marengo, 111.

Vanderbilt, J., & Brothers, Seeds, etc New York City.

Van Buren, J Clarksville, Ga.

VanOlinda, C. H., Oats Sandwich, 111.

Van Oven. E. & A., Small Fruits Napierville, 111.

Vergon, F. P Delaware, Ohio.

Vertal. J. W., Florist Cambridge City, Ind.

Vick, James, Seeds Rochester, N. Y.

Walmslev, C. C Palo, 111.

Walton, Silas Morristown, N. J.

Wampler & Tillotson Trotwood, Ohio.

Wasburn & Co., Seeds Boston, Mass.

Waterman, D. B., Strawberries Aurora, 111.

Waterman, R. W Wilmington. HI,

Waters, Charles Springville, Wis.

Watson, B. M Plymouth, Mass.

Watson, William Brenham, Texas.

Ward, Isaac M Newark, N. J.

Wardwell & Co., Seeds West Dresden, N. Y.

Weaver & Wilson Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

Wecke, John Green Bay, Wis.

Wells, B. T., & Co., Nursery Agent Boston, Mass.

Wells, Alfred, Vines Ithaca, N. Y.

Wendell. Theodore C, Importer Boston, Mass.

Wentz, J Rochester, N. Y.

Westboro & Co Greenboro, N. C.

Whitnev, A. R Marengo, 111.

Whitlock, L. L., Nursery Agent New York City.

White, S. & W.. Florists West Philadelphia, Pa.

Whiting & Collins. Joliet, 111.

Wier, D. B Lacon, 111.

Wilbur, Henry Grand Rapids, Mich,

Wilcox, John, & Co Omro, Wis.

Wilder & Co., Vines Cincinnati, Ohio.

Wilder & Baker Dorchester, Mass,

Wilgus, G Richview, HI.

Will, V. T., Small Fruits Fayetteville, N. Y.

Williams, Joseph L Cinnaminson, N. J.

Williams, J. C, & Co Dansvllle, N, Y.

Williams, E. & J. C Mont Clair, N. J.

126 IIOETICULTUKAL DIHECTOKY.

"Willits Brothers Buchanan, Mich.

Willits, Charles L., Small Fruits Haddonfield, N. J.

Wills, W. P., & Son Bloomington, 111.

Wilson, J. B Washington, Pa.

Wilson, William Astoria, N. Y.

Wilson, G. W. Maiden, Mass.

Wilson, Robert, Florist Newport, R. I.

Wittbald, George Chicago, 111.

Wright, Charles, Florist Providence, R. I.

Wright, Thomas, Nursery Agent Rochester, N. Y.

Woodson, A. L Woodville, Ky.

Woodard, S., & Co Franklin Grove, 111.

Wood, N. G Smithfield, Ohio.

Wood, A. L Iron Furnace, Ohio.

Woodward, L., <S> Co Marengo, 111.

Yale, T. B., & Co Rochester, N. Y.

Yeomans, T. C Walworth, N. Y.

Young & Elliott, Seeds New York City.

Young, Wesley & Co Bloomington, 111.

Zimmerman, G Buffalo, N. Y.

Zirngiebel, D., Florist Needhara,

I ISTD E X

PAGE

American Horticultural An-
nual 5

American Fruit Culturist ... 6

American Pomology 7

American Pomological So-
ciety 28

Apples 31

Bedding Plants 76

Beet Root Sugar and Cultiva-
tion of the Beet 8

Blackberries 48

Cabbage 93

Celeiy 94

Champagne Country 9

Cincinnati Horticultural So-
ciety 29

Corn 93

Cucumbers 93

Cm'rants 59

Deciduous Trees 67

Fourth Annual Report of the
Proceedings of the West
New Jersey Fruit Growers'

Association for 1866-7 ... 25

Galvanized Iron Trellis 112

Gardening for Profit 10

Gladiolus 91

Glass Labels 103

Gooseberries 60

Hardy Herbaceous Plants . . 73

Hexamer's Prong Hoe 108

PAGE

Hyatt's Hand-Book of Grape

Culture 11

Illinois State Horticultm-al

Society 24

Implements for the Garden. 108
Iowa State Horticultural So-
ciety 28

Jefferson County (Mo.) Horti-
cultural Society. 30

Kale 94

Kansas Horticultural Society 27
Keuka Grape and Flower

Picker Ill

Lake Shore Grape Growers'

Association 29

Lettuce 94

Lilies 88

List of Nurserymen 115

Massachusetts Horticultural

Society 26

Mead's Grape Culturist 14

Melons 93

Missouri State Horticultural

Society 27

Native Grapes 43

Neff's Pruning-Shears 109

New Fruits 31

New Hardy Shrubs 68

New and Old Roses 85

New Lilies 88

New Gladiolus 91

128

INDEX.

PAGE

ISTortliern Illinois Horticul-
tural Society 27

Notes on Hardy Ornamental
Trees, Shrubs, etc QQ

Ohio Horticultural Society. 29

Pears 34

Peaches in 1867 37

Peas 95

Pennsylvania Horticultural

Society 28

Plant Labels 98

Plums 40

Raspberries 52

Reports of Horticultural So-
cieties 23

Report on the Disastrous
Effects of the Destruction
of Forest Trees in the State
of Wisconsin 17

Reports of Horticultural So-
cieties 27

PAGB

Review of New Books 5

Slate Labels 101

Squashes — How to Grow

Them 19

Stake Labels 99

Strawberries 60

The Grapevine 19

The Small Fruit Culturist . . 20

The Vegetable World 21

Tomatoes 26

Vegetables 93

Vineyard Culture 21

Water Melons 95

Western (N. Y.) Horticul-
tural Society 30

Whitlock's Horticultural Ad-
vertiser 22

Wood Labels 104

Zinc Labels 102

WSm OF HORTICULTURE,

ISTo. I.

Edited by ANDREW S. FULLER,

Author of the *' Forest Tree Cttlturist" and ''Grape Culturist.'*

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WITH

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By ANDREW S. FTJLIiER,

Author of the " Grape Culturistr

Propagation.

Time for Sewing Seeds.

Preserving Seeds.

Gathering & Transporting Seeds.

•Where to obtain Seeds.

Growing from Cuttings.

Budding, Grafting, etc.

Transplanting.

Transplanting large Trees.

Depth to Plant Trees.

Planting Trees for Shelter.
Pruning of Forest Trees.
Pruning Evergreens.
Time to Prune.
Time to cut Timber.
Description of Varieties of D(

ciduous Trees.
Small Deciduous Trees.
Evergreen Trees— Varieties.
Evergreen Sbnd)s— Varieties.

He>nt. VO'-

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Whildin on the Strength of Materials 2 00

Woodward's Architecture and Eural Art, No, 1, for 1S67. 176 Designs and

Plans for Low-priced Cottages, Farm Houses, etc 1 50

Woodward's Architecture and Eural Art, No. 2, for 1S6S. Country and Sub-
urban Houses 1 50

Woodward's Country Homes. 150 Plans and Designs of Houses of Moderate

Cost. With full descriptions of mode of Building Balloon Frames 1 50

Woodward's Graperies and Horticultural Buildings- 60 Desigus and Plans. . . 1 50

Drawing and Painting.

Appleton''a Encyclopedia of Drawing. Very full 10 00

Barnard's Theory and Practice of Landscape Painting in Water Colors 10 00

Binn's Science of Mechanical and Engineering Drawing, for Engineers, Archi-
tects and Builders 5 oo

Chapman's American Drawing- Book 4 50

Chuk's Elements of Drawingr 1 00

Davies, Shades, Shadows and Linear Perspective 8 75

Hand-Book of Oil Painting 2 00

Jarves. Art Hints. Architecture, Sculpture and Painting 1 25

Jarves. The Art Idea Including an Account of American Architecture, Sculp-
ture and Painting 2 00

Agricultural, Horticultural and AixMtectural Books.

Johnston's Comi)lete Course of Mechanical, Engineering and Architectural

Drawing $10 00

Knight's Gems or Dovicc Book 10 00

Knight's Ornamental Alphabets 1 00

McLee's Series of Alphabets 2 00

Mahan's Industrial Drawing 2 50

Minitie's Mechanical Drawing 4 00

Prang's Plain and Ornamental Alphabets 2 50

SimnVs Treatise on Mathematical Instruments 2 00

Smith's Manual of Linear Perspective 2 00

Smith's Topographical Drawing 2 00

The Progressive Drawing-Book — Landscape, Architecture and Perspective. . . 9 00

Warren's Geometrical Drawing 1 50

Warren's Manual of Linear Perspective 1 00

Landscape Gardening.

Downing's Landscape Gardening 6 50

ILughes' Landscape Gardening, English Edition 7 50

Kemp's Landscape Gardening 2 00

Eural Essays, by Downing 5 00

Gardening, Horticulture, Agricuituref &o.

Allen's American Farm Book 1 50

Allen's Domestic Animals 1 00

American Agricultural Annual, 1SC7, paper, 50 cents ; cloth 75

1S63, " 50 " "^ .70

American Bird Fancier 85

American Horticultural Annual, 1867, paper, 50 cents ; cloth 75

1S6S, " 50 " " 75

Bamcnt's American Poulterer's Companion 2 00

Bement's Babbit Fancier 80

Blanks for Practical Bookkeeping 1 20

Bummer's Method of Making Manure 25

Boston Machinist, by W. Fitzgerald 75

Boussingault's liural Economy 1 60

Brandt's Age of Horses, English or German 50

Bridgeman's American Gardeners' Assistant 2 5(>

Bridgeman's Kitchen Gardeners' Instructor 75

Biiist's Family Kitchen Gardener 1 00

Burr's Field and Garden Vegetables of America 5 00

Burr's Garden Vegetables 2 50

Canary Birds, Manual for Birdkeepers 50

C-jbbett's American Gardener 75

Cule's Veterinarian 75

Coleman's Agriculture 4 00

C'jpeland's Country Life 5 00

Cottage Gardener's Dictionary. English edition 3 50

Cotton Culture. New 1 50

Dadd's Cattle Doctor 1 50

Dadd's Horse Doctor 1 50

D.ma's Muck Mannal 1 50

D.irlington's American Weeds and Useful Plants 1 75

Davics' Preparation and Mounting of Microscopic Objects 1 50

De.ad Shot; or, Sportman's Complete Guide; with Engravings of Attitudes.. . 1 75

Flint on Grasses and Forage Plants 2 50

Flint on Milch Cows 2 50

Flora's Interpreter and Fortuna Flora, by Mrs. Hale 1 50

Frank Forester's Complete Manual for Young Sportsmen. Ci-own 8vo, gilt back . 3 00

Frank Forester's Field Sports. 8vo, tinted jmper, gilt kack, 2 vols 7 50

Frank Forester's Fish and Fishing, 8vo, gilt back, 100 engravings 5 50

French's F;irm Drainage 1 *>0

Garlick's Treatise on Propagation of Fish 1 25

Agricultural, HorlicuUunil and Architectural Booka.

Geyelin's Poultry Breeding, in a Commercial Point of Tiew $1 26

Grant's Beet Sugar, and Cultivation of the Beet 1 25

Gray"s How Plants Grow 1 25

Gray's Manual of Botany 4 50

Gue'non's Treatise on .\iilch Cows 75

Harris' Insects Injurious to Vegetation. Plain Plates 4 00

Colored Plates 5 00

Henderson's Gardening for Profit 1 50

Herbert's Hints to Horsekeepers 1 75

Herbert's Horse and Horsemanship of America. 2 vols., royal 8vo, steel plates. 20 OU

Hooper's Dog and Gun 30

Horse Portraiture, by Joseph C. Simpson 3 00

How to Get a Farm,'and Where to Find it 1 75

How to "Write, Talk, Behave and do Business ! 2 25

Ik Marvel's Farm of Edgewood 2 00

" Wet Days at Edgewood 1 75

" Eural Studies 175

Insect Enemies of Fruit Trees, hy Trimble 8 00

Jennings' Horse Training Made Easy. New 1 25

Jennings on Cattle 2 00

Jennings on Sheep, Swine and Poultry 2 00

Jennings on the Horse and his Diseases 2 00

Johnson's Essays on Manures 1 25

Johnston's Agricultural Chemistry 1 75

Johnston's Elements of Agricultural Chemistry 1 50

Klippart's Farm Drainage 1 50

Klippart's Wheat Plant 1 50

Laugstroth on the Honey Bee 2 00

Leavitt's Facts about Peat for Fuel 1 75

Liebig's Natural Laws of Husbandry 1 50

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Loudon's Encyclopedia of Gardening 20 00

Loudon's Horticulturist 8 00

Manual of Agriculture, by Emerson & Flint 1 50

" of Domestic Animals. Cloth 1 00

" of Flax Culture 50

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" of the Farm. Cloth 100

" of the Garden " 1 00

Mayhew's Illustrated Horse Doctor 8 50

Mayhew's Illustrated Horse Management S 50

Mayhew's Practical Bookkeeping for Farmers 90

Mayhew's Blanks for Farmers 1 20

McMahon's American Gardener 2 50

Miles on Horses' Feet 80

Miss Beecher's Domestic Economy 1 50

" " " Receipt "Book 150

Morrell's American Shepherd 1 75

New Clock and Watch Makers' Manual 2 00

Nichols' Chemistry of the Farm and the Sea 1 25

Norton's Scientific Agriculture 75

Onion Culture '. 25

Orchard House Culture, by C. M. Hovey 1 25

Our Farm of Four Acres. Paper, 30 cents ; bound 60

Our Farm of Two Acres 20

Peat and its Uses 1 25

Pedder's Land Measurer, for Farmers CO

Phenomena of Plant Life, by Leo. H. Grindon 1 00

Quinbv's Mvsterv of Bee-keeping 1 50

Quincv's Soiline of Cattle 1 25

Randall's Fine Wool Sheep Husbandry 1 00

Randall's Sheep Husbandry 1 50

Ready Reckoner 80

Agricultural, Horticultural and Architectural Books.

Kichardson, On Dogs §i 0 80

Kiley's Treatise on the Mule 1 £q

Saunders' Domestic Poultry. Paper, 40 cents ; clotiu 'j5

Schenck's Gardeners' Text-JBook <j5

akllful Housewife f5

Sparrowgrass Papers 2 00

Squashes, by James J. H. Gregory 8q

Stewart's Stable-liook I 5q

Stewart's Sorghum and its Products. New 1 50

Ten Acres Enough 1 J,0

Tenny's Natural History and Zoology 3 00

The Dog, by Dinks, Mayhew and ^Hutchinson. Edited by Trank Torester.

Crown 8vo 3 00

The Farmer's a'hd Planter's Encyclopedia 6 00

The Great West 1 00

Thompson's Food of Animals 1 00

Tobacco Culture 25

Todd's Young Farmer's Manual. \' ol. 1 2 6(>

Todd's Young Farmer's Manual, Vol. 2 2 50

Tucker's Annual llegister of Kural Aflfairs 30

Tucker's Kural Affaii-s. Four Bound Vols., each containing three numbers of

the Annual Eegister, printed on larger and finer paper ; per vol 1 60

Turner's Cotton Planter's Manual 1 50

Waring's Draining for I'rofit and for Health 1 50

Waring's Elements of Agriculture 1 CO

Watson's American Home Garden 2 00

Wetherell on the Manufacture of Vinegar 1 50

Woodward's Record of Horttcuitur«, 186T. Edited by A. S. Fuller 1 OO

Woodward's Eecord of Horticulture, 1868. Edited by A. S. Fuller 1 OO

Youatt and Martin, On Cattle 1 50

" •' OntheHog ^.-. 1 Oft

Youatt, On Sheep 1 00

Youatt on the Dog 4 OO

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Youman's Household Science.^ 2 25

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English Publlcatrons.

Gardening for the Many 25

Farming '• 25

Bee-keeping " 25

Greenhouses " 50

Kitchen Gardening " 25

Flower " " 25

Fruit " " 25

Florist's Flowers " 25

Poultry Book " 40

Window Gardening " 60

Manures " 25

RabbitBook " 40

Heating Manual " >... 40

Flowers and Flower Gardens, by E. Watts 50

Flower Garden, by G. Glenny 50

Vine Manual J 9?

Orchard "

1 00

In-door Gardening - -• |J^

75

Out-door

Miscellaneous books of all kinds sent by mail, post-paid, (Hi receipt ©f puWIaher*"
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Addreaa, F. TV. TVOOI>Tl^J\.RI>,

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AITD AGEICULTUEAL BOOKS.

WOODWARD'S ANNUAL OF AECHITECTURE AND KUEAL AET, No. 1, for
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buildings. 12mo. . Post-paid, cloth, $1.50.

WOODWARD'S ANNUAL OF AECniTECTURE AND RURAL ART, No. 2, for
1S6S. With Designs and Plans of Country and Suburban Houses, and numerous
examples of the French or Chateau Roof. 12mo. Post-paid, cloth, $1.50.

WHEELER'S RURAL HOMES. Houses suited to American Country Life. Illus-
trated with original plans and designs, and full directions for designing, building,
heating and furnishing, and form of contract and specification. Post 8vo, bevelleil
boards, 800 pages. Post-paid, $2.00.

WHEELER'S HOMES FOR THE PEOPLE. For the Suburb and Country. Tho
Villa, the Mansion, and the Cottage, with examples showing how to alter and re-
model old buildings. 100 original designs, with full descriplions and constructive
and miscellaneous details. Post octavo, bevelled boards, 440 pages. Post-paid, $3.00.

WOODWARD'S COUNTRY HOMES. A practical work, with 150 Designs and
Plans of Country Houses of moderate cost, with illustrated description of the man-
ner of constructing Balloon Frames. 12mo, ISS pages. Post-paid, $1.50.

JACQUES' MANLAL OF THE HOUSE. RurarArchitecture ; or, how to Build
Dwellings, Barns, Stables and Out-buildings of all kinds, with a chapter on Churches
and School-houses. 126 Designs and Plans. 12mo, 176 pages. Post-paid, $1.50.

WOODWARD'S GRAPERIES AND HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS. A prac-
tical work on the Design and Construction of all classes of Buildings for Growing
PLints and Ripening Fruit under glass. 60 illustrations. Post-paid, $1.50,

WOODWARD'S RECORD OF HORTICULTURE, No. 1, for 1S6T. Edited by An-
drew S. Fuller. An original and valuable illustrated record of Horticultural Pro-
gress. 12mo, 127 pages. Post-paid, 1.00.

WOODWARD'S RECORD OF HORTICULTURE, No. 2, for 1S6S. By A. S. Fuller.
Ready March 1. Post-paid, $1.00.

ELLIOTT'S LAWN AND SHADE TREES. Popular Deciduous and Evergreen
Trees and Shrubs for planting in Parks, Gardens, Cemeteries, &c. Fully illustrated.
Ready April 1. Post-paid, $1.50.

FULLER'S FOREST TREE CULTURIST. A new illustrated work on the Culti-
vation of Forest Trees, for Shade, for Shelter, for Fuel, for Timber and for Profit.
12mo, 168 pages. Post-paid, $1.50.

HUSMANN'S GRAPES AND WINE. A new and practical work on the Cultivation
of the Native Grape and Manufacture of American Wine. Fully illustrated, 12mo,
192 pages. Post-paid, $1.50.

JACQUES' MANUAL OF THE GARDEN. A new Manual of Practical Horticul-
ture; or, how to Cultivate Vegetables, Fruits, Flowers, Ornamental Trees and
Shrubs. 12mo, 166 pages. Post-paid, $1.00.

TODD'S YOUNG FARMER'S MANUAL, Vol. 1. The Farm and the Work-shop,
with Practical Directions for laying out a Farm, erecting Buildings, Fences, Farm
Gates, selecting good Farm and Shop Tools, and performing Farm Operations.
Fully illustrated. One handsome post octavo volume, be>velled boards, 460 pages.
New edition. Post-paid, $2.50.

TODD'S YOUNG FARMER'S MANUAL, Vol. 2. How to make Farming pay, with
full practical details of Farm Management, Character of Soils, Ploughing, Manage-
ment of Grass Lands, Manures, Farm Implements, Stock, Drainage, Planting, Har-
vesting, &c. One handsome post octavo volume, bevelled boards, upwards of 400
pages. Post-paid, $2.60.

JACQUES' MANUAL OF THE FARM. A new Manual of Practical Agriculture;

* or.' how to Cultivate all the Field Crops, with an Essay on Farm Management.

12mo. 156 pages. Post-paid, $1,00.

JACQUES' MANUAL OF THE BARN- YARD. A new Manual of Cattle, Horse
and Sheep Husbandry; or, how to Breed and Rear Domestic Animals. 12mo, 168
pages. Post-paid, $1.00.

(P. 0. Box 2890.) 37 jPark Hoff, JS^'en^ Tor A:.

Grapes and Wine.

THE

CULTURE

OP THE

Native Grape

AND

MANUFACTURE

OF

American Wine,

By GEO. HUSMANN,

OF MISSOURI.

A KEW AND PRACTICAL BOOft

FUZI.T IZZTTSTMATEiy,

Containing full and practical
directions for propagating from
Seed, Cuttings, Layers, and by
Grafting. Location and Mode
of Preparing the Soil. Choice
of Varieties, and full descrip-
tion of all the leading sorts.
Mode of Planting. Treatment of the Vine, first, second, third, and
fourth years. All Methods of Training and Pruning. Diseases.
Insects. Birds. Pests. Girdling. Manuring. Thinning of Frui^
Renewing Old Vines. Gathering and Preserving the Fruit, 'i^e
Wine Cellar. Apparatus for Wine Making. Grape Mill and Press
Fermenting Vats. Wine Casks. Making Wine. After-treatment
of Wine. Use of Husks and Lees. Dr. Gall's and Petoil's Method.
Must Scale. Acidimcter. Wine-making Made Easy
miCE SI CO— post-paid.

F. W. WOODWARD, Publisher,

37 Park Row, New Yowl

ELLIOTT'S

LAWN AND SHADE TREES.

With full descriptions of all the popular varieties of
Deciduous and Ev-ergreen Trees and Shrubs, for plant-
ing in Parks, Cemeteries, and private grounds, including
tliose of late introduction.

Illustrated by over sixty fine engravings of trees and
shrubs. This work should be in the hands of every
man who plants a tree for ornament. Handsomely
bound in cloth. Price $1.50, sent by mail, post-paid.

F. W. WOODWAED, Publisher,

37 Park Row, New York.

FULLER'S

FOREST TREE CULTURIST.

1 Tasiif isg

OK THE CULTIVATIOK OF

AMEEICAN FOREST TREES,

WITH

KOTES o:n" the most valuable species.

By ANDREW S. FULLER,

Author of the " Orape Cultxii'ist.''\

Propagation.

Time for Sewing Seeds.

Preserving Seeds.

Gathering & Transporting Seeds.

Where to obtain Seeds.

Growing from Cuttings.

Budding, Grafting, etc.

Transplanting.

Transplanting large Trees.

Depth to Plant Trees, i

00 3^TTEIS^TS =

Planting Trees for Shelter.
Pruning of Forest Trees.
Pruning Evergreens.
Time to Prune.
Time to cut Timber.
Description of Varieties of De-
ciduous Trees. •
Small Deciduous Trees.
Evergreen Trees — Varieties.
Evergreen Shrubs— Varieties.

©ent, post-palcl
W9M J, .^ \roODlVARI>, Publisher,

97 Park Rcrw, New Tokk.

A BOOK FOB. £^AEMi:aS.

TODD'S FARMEES' MANUAL.

V A^OL. I.

NEW EDiraON.

Detailing tlie manipulations of the farm in a plain
and intelligible manner, with practical directions for
laying out a farm, and erecting buildings, fences, and
farm gates, embracing also the

FARMER'S WORK-SHOP,

with fall directions as to the use of farm and shop tools,
&c., &c. $2.50, post-paid.

TODD'S FARMERS' MANUAL.

' YOL. 11.
JUST PUBLISHED.

How to make farming pay. Giving details of gen-
eral farm management, fitting up farm machinery, a
chapter on soils, and much other valuable matter of a
practical character. Price $2.50, post-paid.

F. W. WOODWAED, Publisher,
(P. 0. Box, 2390.) 37 Park Row, New York.

THE HOimCULTURIST.

TWENTY-TUmi) ANNUAL VOLU3IE, 1868.

A MONTHLY MAGAZINE DEVOTED TO

Horticulture, Agriculture and Architecture.

400 Eoyal Octtivo
Pages Yearly— Ably-
Edited and Splendid-
ly Illustrated,

OUR TEEMS FOR 1868

ARE AS FOLLOWS.

One Copy- -$2.50
Three Copies 5.00
Ten Copies - 15.00

Vols. 1867, bound and
post-paid, and Nos.
1868 $4.00

Vols. 1866 and 1867, bound
and post-paid, and
Nos. 1S6S 5.50

Vols. 1865, 1866 and 1867,
bound and post-paid,
andNos. 1868... 7.00

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