SHEE rif FSH Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation And Management +43 Sth Jenny Springer (® © WWF * HRARAKASES WORLD WIDE FUND FOR NATURE FP Bl pple cH ize China Forestry Publishing House ME $4 ck A TL ACW 2S SDK aE RARE Ta EE & PEPE ty) HL) The secondary succession series of tropical forests in the Yalu Tsangpo Gorge in SE Tibet and its influence on plant diversity(Sun Hang, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunan 650204) Figure | View of slash and burn cultivation lands, 700 Figure2 View of slash and burn cultivation lands, 700 m, Near Madi village. ~ FE AEE Sd SY Se OR Figure 3. View of Setaria palmifolia, Miscanthus nepalensis and Sacchrum Figure 4 View of Musa balbisiana intruding and recovering. In 5 years or arundineum etc. high grasses community. In 2 years, 900m Wuna, Deguo so. 950m. Beiben.. village. > peat Figure 5 View of heliophilous shrubs and trees recovering. In 6-8 years, Figure 6 View of mixed trees forest. In 15-20 years, 800m. Near Ximu 1000m. Near Medog village. Qiao. View of the main trees Jerminalia myriocarpa etc. gradually Figure 8 View of prototype of primeval forests gradually formed. In 40 formed dominant position in the community. In 25 years or so, 650m. Xiran. years or so, 900-1000m. Menggou. sues 4 aye ig JOA UL [uxt einjosjeid tu xX] At oe BAJEseYy J90q pey BuyjoewbueyD x| 44 a4 & aS eAjesey Aeyuoyy UapjoH ueuuNA BueyBueyy xX) 4 77 SMW (LZ) enesey NAeZ X| tH Hl Re (9) aesay |euoeN uokued odbuesjbunyer x] fH) MG 2S Hl yy KK (G) BABSBY SUID PEyxI9U-yoe|g NOYZUIT X| FH) GH ME ie VE (p) BAIOSAJq BINJEN BEwHuejowoHM X44 GS ot hs aM (Ee) SABSay PUBE\\ eYZUEYS XM HAE (2) eAJesey jeuoweN Bue), Bueyo %44 GS we Be (1) Xb Ye BAG eed 1JeqI] UL SdeATeSay ain eV uoIdey Jeary cory NpwUeYT) er WATE = eS (p) uolgsty nkez pue uoduer) odguesysunjre x x] Ft SH! BEY SM Sy Ae SL (€) Bory eusuEfoWo() = AF Sr A AME (Z) oddarg uereqiy, 4 SY Fy wy fe at Bt (1) oye, cee vole AVION ge UseHYR? Ss MM FOATIYC It /\/ 9injoojold hy B e et x) GF BNO HS) poltji}USpL seore AJTIOTIG UOT eATOSUO) PO ey 9 SETHE (APS Be = 4H Jenny Springer = 4a FP EB PR lle oH ARAL Bere $y AF aR NALA S0015509 Sate: 5 ‘J, Daniel Miller Sibi fi: 2 J, Merethe Borge, Mingma Sherpa Editors: Dr. Wu Ning, Dr. Daniel Miller Members: Li Ning, Merethe Borge, Mingma Sherpa HABER (CIP) AGE Fa EDS EE RP Ss & EB/ Bf Jenny Springer 4m. —JER: PEALE, 2000. 10 ISBN 7-5038-2679-7 L.. a: Il. @&... @Jenny... Il. EMARH- ae IV. Q16 op Ea iS AN F547 CIP ALGER (2000) FB 56599 & Poet 1) tele RRS Se 4H Jenny Springer = 4 SanESy S| Aaeh amanda (Ata Pash XE AA IR] 7 S EL SRES: 100009) WE: XIAR ET Abe He ED Ma EDA AEA WG AL ae AAT Bt CAT 2000 4F 10 A28 1hR 2000 2F 10 A 1 HREM FFAS: 889mm X1194mm1/16 Esk: 11.25 Hi 2w FR: 3830 FF ER: 0001~2500 set: 30.00 76 iil ee SICAL FE EY IRAE SSE ELS}, EERIE ALL TER HED A*e, MATAR BUT. HRT. RAISED =, ARMAGEMEERE RAO DIMEA BAIT. bP ESE aR RAGS. ER. PRE RRRMESOSH — a Pam BAK ASR. 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HEAP 13) Thrumsing La— Ll —Jigme Dorji-Manas R&I, *iF} AEN RE 14) FMEA (CNamjacbarwa) HK, FESIALIRG, PH 15) iF8 (Dibang) Lui — BLA CWalong) 4241, Arunachal Pradesh, Ef) Al} 16) 4-= fA, Atta) Put YS FE tt eS EH Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 19 5 i DAE ASK Ay Se a A) PRP ET HEB AMES MITER EDS HE, FEW RABE MWNEDS PERF K. KREMRET UR ARESSMMARKTETESK MRP HM, URKTEWMSHEYF fi FSS fy HE XK AMT CE CUA BR RESS-KRARSHS HM) SRN, ARM KSEE DS FETE RP ee BIA RAE 20 PAWS HERS 5 BE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management AR — sr os — BF 4 oh 4D & HF tt AY fk iP 5 BS Faw ES PEERS EE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 9] Foie Fc Ye PARP XSF oA REP George B. Schaller (HMRELMRP FS AN) 1 We Fede ESR KE F19934F, ME PEA RIA i AIK GALES, #A30, 000km, tt FH ELBIKBRRPR. RRA RA, EAP IRA RAE, 50075, 000m, MARRER BRD, RAK. YRPKPAMESRMRA RN EMERARBZ—, MARR — Ph A ADMMKA. MOMK, WE. RH. HRP SM LR RNAM. HFHMeMD, BAT PHOT HRP, FNAB DRPAA. LEM PRB RP BR, UR IRE KA CIEE ER. RP KI /SA MARK), RMR. PUREE ERHEDWDEF NHS, HSK aL KIS ASTRANBREK. MERU K AUS REDARAR HN ewe. He RAW BANS AH EDM RARE, SHEERS. ERPEA RAW KANA 22, O00WMER, TAFE 15ON KA, WE AHEF, PKS BRR ERE KIRA. CEH GARE KA A RAK SD iY WA Et SD Bima e (Carex mooreroftii) HENRASZRANSH. AEILS PHAR KAE, 2 AN. RAE ALLMAN TRE IR, Mbit ae SS Bt AR AKER (Ceratoides compacta) WA. RI CEG NAD AR, J PRK PAE, AWAKE A, FARBER BEE. FRE Kabah, AOR, GHAERNREODHH. PHATUAERASAIBLZ AR HETSHNRPNMEH, KEHALEOAN, HEREBRELUN. AM, RONKRPEK MAM KP TE A Te, WE OSA TMA, HHKE-SR ES HB. RAT AME WM, UAH TTI. ATREZMKNARRA, HERP KN Sek, (EP A KM ML FF A Be BG eh Fea JR AE WE FT AS Td 4 — ET SEE A RPK A A A FL eT SER. 1988°19944F [a] ERP KALA ST AEN ELIE, HRMHKUEEERP RSA (1985, 1986, 1987) ABs (1987, 1988) FHKE, SRARCE-HAMMERR (HESXM) . REFHMKA RAGES, BME, LES -BHA-TEANSEDOR. SAA-KBEIN 15, 000°20, 000K wk (Rawling, 1905) , “MFEA” KABA (Rockhill, 1891) . EI JL+# K, AFARNMARHAR EOD, SRSA E DWH aK B44, Bart 790%. BB20H40 FHA, CRAZE RP RK A HEHE KR > ee ER A A Sb, FEAST AAA BRT RENAE HK HEE MU Eh, NMBA MA SAT, HHA PAS AMT Tix — HK, WRIA TRE, MEDAL. RP RAB SB6H AMA. CARRNAS LEER ALACRA MRNA. Be. A KANGA SEF ANS REE R TS FE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 2 KP RAN ABA 2.1 jxF9R (Equus hemionus) mT PRP KAR eH, CRE VR. Bh, BewWw, REACHES, ERRHF BAD, RARSPOR. ERREKATRANAS SR, PPR AAS RABE. MER PR A Rit A22,000~28,000, me, CNRHERPKA, Hae Rae Rew k. MHP HE ERIRN, DHEA S BRON DAKE PHS ERO3I9LKkm. Fe, ESSEC REM 100~2000kABMAR. MOK NAR me PCAMRSNKAMKT PSNR. KE-TSH a, CEMUABRA, TLHAEAARAPLARPKAK-EARDMWKASHAA SHEAR aD. 2.2 SF4£4 (Bos grunniens) EACH ES HME SEIT, DAKBBRM, ERLAACN-ARAWEREAARKE HE Shia. PHRASES RAS REARS, 000K, HP EH AARP KA RA8000LAA. RFRA, RRA KF OLY, RENE FERSRER ARLE RAAR AAI HK, Wet — AK. MEE SAR eR aD, METER ALE REY #8 50~70 A 732 100R RK. WEES AR RIK, RERMESI. FREUMRETAR RNR UB ILS REF ALAC, MAT PRUE ETA “SEF ERE CONE RPK AG RABAE) » ABA EAA EQI TH ACIR RK. 2.3 ig (Procapra picticaudata) BIRO MAR), ABH13~1l5kg, BRED, HRUALISRODR ZMOHERP KA. BS EEF REDVARANMEK, CNHMERALE, AAFRERRADREACNRELNBREE M, WM Wir (Potentilla bifurca) MER GRBYW. (AERIAL AKS BK CASE DEBRADA. hit RPK AAR BA 18,000~22,000R mR. 2.4 = (Pe) (Ovis ammon godgsoni) FAR >, ERP KA SRR, KAUPER TARR. EARLE RIB AY PEAR LL He SB 5} He HE A. PLA SEE APE. tL Re A BIL 400~SO0OK. MOM LAAT HE BLA i, AP RARE RNP RMAR ET, SR AMAA. LENS AR MLA, goby on fi (Am Co) @ibiDA With (Rawling 1905) , FRE SRA PRN TERRA, (eK 7S He iA EATER ade KARZ. EA ST PR RI th a TSAR 2.5 4 (Pseudois nayaur) aFERRARA HH, RRERKMUDASFEREMERHKTARRHRA, KBHEKE MARES A. RANA RMERP KAS AEA Ay. , EH K SER, TZ KEMKAAMER, RARSMABRSHMMSORAS, KEBREFRRARMHRBABEE Te (PABA TN ERE aE, PIER EK A FT BEA 10,000 RA. 2.6 #a¢4 (Pantholops hodgsoni) BANA HK ARERR RANT RHR, ERS OREBS RSMMC K. MRE —ME RAH LOH, CRRA, Mmt-rDNADM GA, CMe RAAT TAK. OPRHETETC AR, PS HE224~26kg; MECEPAANIK, #950~60cm, fh35~40kg. —HEM ERRAND S ETE, (2AEKM AEE, CNH ZEDRRECCRNERRAZS HP. RINARMTO* RAMS Ht RP 5 BH Tibet's Biodiversity Conservation and Management 93 Cen, HR PRASERPKA; AOA: —PERPRBA, RECHEDNAE: A-TEBE. BH He RKRMSZKMEREHS ER, SRRABSONKA. HERMAN EINER UD HES Ale ARERH, ANAARSAMREEFR, mdbEGE200~300km, RHRAMAH: CO AKATAM, £ APPA TCA KP: Ale, TARAS AEA. HR, SREMBAS SME. AE O), ABTA RAK EMBER K. B20 A904, ARP KAA A35,000~40,000 FR xe, REF RAT EAB 75S, OOOR. RN, A EE >, MRA, PHRAER LKR. tRap Ale Ee th ee EY BE A mele. PeUECHREMHA, Abst LN ih AMY Att “shahtoosh” , LAH i2R 65 bs He AgSK rh AK rh WIL ICH Or IK EAA ATH. HEHE 207E PAN WH HH FRM BR SMT SEH ASLA Rig BARA, BEA STARR, th PN ERE RA A. PAE TIS HG em, KERMA, RRSRVNOENRHKKMK, Be VARAAH TOL. —AREKAE 100~150gE. EU REWER BAK T 100~400ke2KE HW (Wright and Kumar, 1997) , Xi HHRMA JER RARN. JLER PRET RM, DRGREAA, BURA SER MA. HRP RR Zz, MHRETAS. EMMA RKKARPRMRANRM, K-PAN AREA RK. 3 TRPHER ERB RIP KEEA-T SRK BON, RES RAIA ONRP, MERCH RREKBHBE. Aut, CHAMEREERASAA LER, HA OWNEWHRHNSA SR, FAIR (Canis lupus) . Khe (Ursus arctos) #234) (Panthera uncia) SHEERP KAR SHON DH. RNIN HMA, 904F4E UH), RPK ALAN +A Aa WM 100, 000% (0.355/ km?) , HP RMYAFAeRS, 437%; HK mY 424%; Kae BRM 420%. HE, REXBAS UAB HERRAOD, CNNMeze Al3:1; MEWDSNAE, CNHBEZUAS1. BA EAMR BPO ARE, MMB wm, COE BE, RPRRROACWAVARRREREREAAMUKA EE, LORMES BET HEDMSHE. PPR NEW eE-RERN. ARAKI, CHRAAIC AEA. FAUT EAS i) el ee ot A MSBP RK? AGRE N ERS RAK ECAM Aa. KP KGR-TPERUI, UREA A Rw ANS AK HES AA. Ae es EEA Rh AD tk SE HA MARA RE, EA L212 Ft. PE. FMR CKEAHRERKR SSE: PSAKDNTH, MRR. 2FARFERKR ASM ANHEAR; MAB) HURUR RD ADEARAE . $a BOM TS MAW HR GAR A A AY AP ee eA BY, KHRELE. CERES TOA KH ETRE. MRAM MAME Bite, RE RP KIB th De AR) ay el IRS ARG EAS EAL AS TS i AE. BRA A AAR PAB ERE, A BANS SB SHAS AH, MARRS MRA AMISH, AER RAS B Bete EF oh MAAR Ne. Alt, SHORES S-LHMAAR, MAO, RBM. URE, BRAKE NASA GMA i. AA, BFE BD WARE BUR ATA, PSPC MRP A Al RES Oe, On BF, PAPA, FEC ABRAM A. Aim SRV: BUTTER KI, ABBE AS DMT FARR RE Be RK BRAY ST CHE AR RK 2 CE RAP EK Hl FE AB 7 BES TZ) hd HE BC ER Be SEAR BB AEF Eh Yl) HK AR « CEFR ARRP EK, EWSRERP. ARRAN AE-TEAN a, HES RPHRAKR PAU PRL AD A. ACCA ERE A A BNR TO, EAR ETT SE a, ae Ba Bk BY EAA 1074577 Tel til hE — PE AA — Eee Hh PK I FAIR KIO AHA: 24 Pie EWS EER 5 FE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 1) FA ABUT A KA I AL PHS MS; 2) PAP AG (4b4i33°30' Lb) , rE AAA, AERA TRENT: 3) Hik— WAP IE, EF AEH WD HE MS AGE 4) KARP RK, Bib AR AE Ahh iy ee REA; 5) Sit Beare Em Waa RES: 6) FRAP AAR WE 7) IER, RHR. ARAMA ERR GES, Dis EN EME 8) MGR BHT, Fr RMT EEA oh yA As RIL Ah KA 9) FERRI, BCR HE TAY rn PB AAS a 10) BHFRARP RANA Bis BR HAE RPK, TEI UAT TRAP IX A et KY oc EE hs BEA RRA oe EAS ARS te. AIT ARR AY BAR RE EE ABA KE. RBAMBEAWEL AN FEA PH RR. KA) MAIN. RMN RAKE, (eR THEDWEARALSSY, MAGRARK. PHUSSHAHHSKE- THEN ARE. Bia: Ri M AS agit S MA FCHAMIMMAARAFS MADRE. RRERHBRM AB RARILAY SHAL, BRZRAMFRATMOMRRAL, ARSRMAERAFERRAASMKSARA. ERBSzMH Miller, D. and Schaller, G. (1996): Rangelands of the Chang Tang Wildlife Reserve in Tibet. Rangelands, 18(3): 91~96 Miller, D. and Schaller, G. (1997): Conservation threats to the Chang Tang Wildlife Reserve, Tibet. Ambio, 26: 185~186 Rawling, C. (1905): The great plateau. London: Edward Arnold Rockhill, W. (1891): The land of the lamas. New York: Century. Schaller, G. (1998): Wildlife of the Tibetan Steppe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 373 Schaller, G. and Gu Binyuan (1994): Comparative ecology of ungulates in the Aru basin of Northwest Tibet. National Geographic Research and Exploration, 10: 266~293 Schaller, G. and Liu Wulin (1996): Distribution, status, and conservation of wild yak (Bos grunniens). Biological Conservation, 76: 1~8 Schaller, G. and Ren Junrang (1988): Effects of a snowstorm on Tibetan antelope. Journal of Mammalogy, 69: 631~634 Wright B. and Kumar, A. (1997): Fashioned for extinction: an expose of shahtoosh trade. New Delhi: Wildlife Protection Society of India. 48 Pome PEE 5 #38 Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 95 a AO Et te RSP LK SD A Os SL oD BY REP Richard B. Harris (RKEMWKY, KHL, BKAM 59801 XB) 1 We bhi PSE He DC AOD AP TT es» FF a ea RE ADK AL YB Sh RE. (EE Rie, REMAN ARKHFRA RENAN. He ROWEXBHNARALE RECN, BARTARY RPE BIS, 2 BAT A IE A ES AE eel), AR AIFS, i ah AE ee AE BNR AE. SRR, KEMHRASDEERP ARE. He, CNRS BARE BS, MRL RERN AWE ILYRRAAT AR. HRM RRGBRBEAK, FED RIDER id MN » PRR K EU AEE OT RE KEM ARE CYan, 1989) . (2%, AA (Wangetal., 1989)iUH, Pape A PAG EY) Pe UL PU ey De HD DA eT J BD 2 HD A Se TT A RRP RK. KY OA SEHR LR 4X (Schaller and Gu 1994; Schaller, 1997; 1998) MACARE) HM KS RPK Be LS A Ay ay Be RPK (Feng, 1993), Hpi LAA ST RARRMRPK. BURAK ARR KAKA th 442 T 44 (Liu, 1993; Liu and Yi, 1993). FESR Fe Heh Tea DER RP KAY ACHR RP SL TOR ST Ae, (EAU A AK SE ARP EE SCE WEEMSHERP NRK, CHEALMADY. KEDAUPTA HRA: 1) Se) PAR BARA SHEA OY a HEE AK AP. BAK, AZAR BR) th KARP KR ERADEWERRN, MAS RNC AO. RRR KAA IN LED Rt AN Sb IE PS5SARRFPK AMAA, NANA ARAA— eo. AAAS SRA EM BDNMA HAAR CHA BH, AULA A> AHA ARERRE TERA. BRR RK BW Pie IKK ta OL ZEAE A Je YAR (Hunter and Yonzon, 1993) R272 (Maetal., 1994; 1995) thunk. 2) BNA tE—* BR RP eA Be 8S 5 BS AE CT A thes, (RAI REZ), A JB is Be A 218 Sas 5 ft Pa I se AT PE AEE A Ci. PEE PR SP Hh De HE EF SB > ER BE EKA AH AY fe, MTA Dt HHA Nem eEKBEN. 3) BRP EK RP A BB EF A hy AIA TE SS BK AF RPK SPAR HS. FER DK AY Pad Death Fs EARS AST ahs ERA ATT, AAT A BE aR Se EEA RPK CS Bis BAY OU, ie BR RP EK Jel Sh kK HK RAK AN RRR BRR KARP RS oA BK Ro 4) BPTRPA REEMA EKER BE. SRESERED MRP, RMA AR NT BE NEA, RSA RTPI. MRE REP RR KEN BRRP RAIA, stale eA fh), BERAISEMa AIS TERRA, Te -HARRHD. HANDED 96 HmEMs RI 5 He Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management RIE SK EEA KES HE DORARNFRAK, MRHARADT RRP HD, #H#RARM EY) RUARMNBEFRMARRP RRP AD, DEA WHFARE RARARRARKAT EE FALKIAR PG, FER KSEE SAREE. FEHR KBE AE oh AS KE AS Fe LE OE ay EAL FAR; HATTA BE CES SP AE FF 2 i) IY 52 BPR Hh], BR Bed AS. {AE IK HERR til AN — Fe RR A BE oh AGAR RE, RAN AET RP A i TA. EAP, HACE ie IE PK Sb Sls 77 3k 1TH FE RAS RR RRR RP AR CAN I) LR BP TTF, AAR OK ZED et IE SKB 9K RPK SE EDD RP THEE KESA » 2 RHF 21 SHSEMBMKG NBR ARH BAK HERA EH, HRTEM ALTER. BI990%, KMSUA4~oP EXPRR, F ALE PERRET. EPR RP EBRRARILRWEN LH, HR ITE EEE DMM BHR. 1988ERRMS BIKER ARBEK. FREAMKHMR PSUR EIR, Hh KZ RUA BOB FT SHAT. BSOTEARA, IX HEK ABS (Moschus sifanicus), FEI (Cervus albirostris) #1 REX (Crossoptilon crossoptilon) #2tt J RUA AB He ASR. EAE 1988 ~ 199044 HF ll aT SE Hh AY (Harris, 1991; Harris and Cai, 1993) , RUAER3I+>OHPRITSHNSE. AM, SHR S VR, feat EULA BIR Be ee >. KANE T =F (Pseudois nayaur) ke— #2 ¢e ITE AY TIF (Capricornis sumatrensis). FRIRBANVE BIA KAEHI (Felis lynx) FIRE (Ursus arctos) MASEIRG, (BE SEHH ie SHA lA) EK AE BF Fb talk BI) BS ME — Fi A EB (Canis lupus). FANE S AB SH BA AR 04E SH (Uncia uncia) PRR | (Harris, 1994a) . REMKBEARENRP RK, MARANA KE ARLE RE A RPI RI em — Be PY, PREARME LA MHMARE. RADBMEEERKNHRARMA RARE, LEA BYA—-TEREEMEIMIEN. Ri, HABAABRMAH. SKRPRAN LEELA, (2 AMIN REBAA. HNAKS A ERE BK, BRIAR KAM. RRL A SB (8) AUB (FA) HR, REMPARBAKA LEAT OH KANE. RPAH KES RAM MED, ER AAR IRAIRA, MEM ASA RILM KEE. ZEA BHAR BR, BERAA BR. KAO KRAMANBAM SAR, MPAA Rb ety A 4A I Se RAK. F RENE, MTRPEWDSHERW, BASRA RAR. B—, FRNA AREA Bak aR BLA te HEM ANE EAS EE, ASB RADH NRF RAMEE WNP Ee. pin, AERA EVGA BR) Ae EK, RSE AT eh, RUE EITCR MRP. HE WE AS ee i Fl], AUCRAKASCHRKAREAMHNRP CAA. BH, KPHEDWHRSA LRAT RAR Weil. RBBHAKCARAMEFRMERER. B=, PRRAEMA LAN, SHAH KR PRA ARTE). FE1988~ 1989F HAE, KARA RIMM A Biri Sei, RA ZE BENG AR SF 12.9 km AY HTT HY FRESE RPS #2 Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management o7 KSRRRABARARADDWEE, HIELO K. BRIM AEKFER ABER BR ABM, (PRAIA RE tA 5 IE CTAB TA Ko HEA PRS tH SE Ht 1 SPY A UE vit HAS BE BATT FF eA a a ae fat ATT EE OR AEE AE PSS et AA. ESR AAT ib ES OR A a PL AB LES PTR fit Fes AA ABR A, (EE Tc A EH XK HE SPOR A A} BK BRR i ft ANT 2.2 ie B48 7K A Th Ae is Re A eR Ba FAA Bua ee WEE, AR RARTHABE WO Zia). Ae Eee BK, (BCESOE A DESL ZEAE RAR AC Ea A, 1985; Harris, 1993) oe Se APSE S EAR. GKHEMT HE EA EK TA BtEBIIO842F5 A, Sa RE TR, RUE TRA RAAEP RR B RIRSE, 1987; Harris, 1993) . 3 S9O7F (WH, HK BEES a BATIK A TT eI xX IK EARS, Al AEN S EFLOA AIR, AE BAe a RBC ER AB rir 5 HEAT RS BY A TIX — LF EMHAZS—H, K—MKUEE+ (Bos mutus) HAR, 289" (Equus kiang). je} (Pantholops hodgsoni). $8) (Procapra picticaudata), FABRE. 26. #=F (Ovis ammon)y WIAA RH. FeAl AY VERE Herc te A PREG Lo Sh SAA RAE (Harris, 1993; 1996c; Harris and Miler, 1995; Haris et al., 1996; Milleret al., 1994) . KPMAAAKADZAIRABHENAHARN MH (Harris et al., 1998) , i ALR AF MIA BAKA A YP Se a (Harris, 1995) . 4 199025 BRA FERG IA ZEA, SEI ERA SELE AYE BF HEE ROAR UR. CER OSU AIG FH Ls 9 AY 9 ZS I, Fee LE HA BARBED AM AES. MSA HA ORIE MRA HLA A FE (Kusai) WA WMWAT AE. 1991FReR EF 1, 200~1, 300A FHFERERKT WA. Hethit, ZE1991 SE AIIN02E RS, BAY7TE HF 600~1, O00 EF. 1, 000~3, OOOR KH. 1, 150~1, 0RB¥. KA245 RBA HARB R. 4RN1997F VERN, RRIF. RRM, BREE BG PREeHRRRE, ABBAS AHI, SEM REM, MA READ 7h 1996 RK AR BAMA. AMBMAEMMMEMD TS, HERI K JT (Harris et al., 1998). BEAR—H, RNCRAAARG A). EREAAAR IRD ie, BANKS BA #2, (ERENT RA. KA SK RA i eA ES i — HE, MI PA ey Le HK © (EPA AP Te LP BRAS He 1 PE BR AS AS BF AE ht A AS JiR A BU PTB KSA ee Sle ST SKS. REEWANWADARA RUA, (ete MMi AY BA, ATT SAE EHR SZ SI. AT ARORA RRA EMP RARE Fie FA See FE EY ft FR EAB LE BAER A SP ARTOR AY PE EA. ER OY RATA at Hh VIS SHE +A, {BOOZER PART ATE A ee) TE. SA ROR RR ERS Ke ehh, MARA D RRM EH, MARA HRP FM FIG K(Harris et al, 1998). hl] Ay Ret A EAE, BILOOTERELAA URES L, BRAM RR, CRAMP E SABI. K—-HAMEETCRE NT A E RNA. FARR 4H RR A ABA ETA, (KH AR BR I BE ERA. BRR AikRilt WRERERKBSHREDWZMASPREME FZ lel Ae 5+ (Harris and Miller, 1995), (ARR DEBRA RRS HEDMWRAME CARD T. AR, RNERKOZESSFRENEM, 28 PG + FE RPS FE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management MO EATRKBESTH ABER ERR, MHRATREAT REDE ROEKN. AWM, iA HERE+, RERAR SNM, KWNONLEARAR. FERASRBRRMMAUME 19974E, BRAVA PAE ws A ae Ee a HS — 4 eR Rae Sa BF oh SR PK) BR FA HE A, ERE LET] CARED SE EA fe OE A SRE RAC. TER RAR KS BUBU Bi i UF MT EF AE A AB BS BF Eh — CT A KR ERY RE WM HE BY SH — TE eet, WSC RP TPE (Harris 1993, 1995), (A eeie Sib 30) A MD ihe ERRABTE RNARE SHAE. RMX -WRATREREEERA ARS, ERM SARE DORE B BAIN HRA NBA BIRG ST BREE 2.3 HRABR KM REM RA ea BUA PEEP A DZD (7, 000A) . HARA (B33, 000km?) HE, —KUEM AD EMBER. ix AA ESAE EH. AEG ARTE AK Z ll He A 304E Re A EE ARS A HEIL AY (Yang, 1993) . BRE POMT HAA, PRS BK Pik Hae, EASA LRT RRS. RNERBUSCRINWVHSH+OAHNWH-H, RERARMKRE, ME TREK Gerella subgutturosa) (Harris and Pletscher, 1997). KA ]MARM S El REEF) (Cuon alpinus) Fl— FH Tc (Felis bieti), XUMAEBFARKRAAMY. HARKEN LEME, BRAD BEALS KAR NRE, xP RTE EARLE TA BZN (Haris and Miller, 1995) , (Re7EAICHA TE AUT BUR (300~4, 000m) AV) EES. HEME A RE Be KR + RY ARS ASE Ya), GHERESERE HMB. REA, SAR eA SE EE oy. SEB KSA ERE th FX, MEDAWAR RABE, REANIM N tee IRD A. PRI. TEESE Ze EP ek BY Se ee EE A. RIN AEAEAEM EONS, BAA ABER ERA MA, ABLE BTA ASAE aE ABE EB LA A CARA, eR BOAT He Ke BATE SS Bl FF AF 74 FU Be] Ge SEZ LA) BRA Sal BEAN EF EK AR NEF A SE, REF SWE RNASE. AAA MAAS Sine ee, Bile 28-7) Bo) SE A RL BF AE oR PER, hMNA Sw RRA Rf, FURR. EFRUANREDWRP, BIER EAB EARNER, BORRUAR-WATMAA mH LE. Aa HE IK Bad oe BE AY FF 48 A ES MA — “MPS HEY AO OAS RP. UR AA EM eS AR GE Se ee HAREM, TKEAMARE MIRNA RSM, UMBRO. Te, SUE PDE BRB MIA) tis BE SP RG, BD RAE IT IA — WU A A. (EY HE SH Fe], BUD Xp yb Gl ep es aE AC Te VF YE SRA (15~20, O00 T/A) » FHERMEREANAS HU LIE SA TT. BRA ELLE MA BE — SRF BT UEP aR AY RE BR A 19% BES BEA HB AE RP BRABEA. ak es Ae A2~s KH, B-REEMLMARD, MALER4MAFAY ARAPAHO, DNGRIL ES HES HE SIS SK ae A STI FAR 4S FETE RSS 32 Tibet's Biodiversity Conservation and Management 99 2.4 Him BiB Rit Ke se EF IRB eB RSW ba RL (5, 814m) HSM REAM NAAR HR, PF ee Le. Sh ee Ze Bal AR Se wy EKG, ERAT MRSUBRRPK. BREE, LPRATABKAm, BRRAGABK POA SP EE. PAM BATE 19978 ARSENY, RS RMR EMEP, RANKS MESES MGR EE CEILT DATARS OR) . RATAN EH ES CBN eR eT POE BOT SEI AN BBS) RES AAEBUAN Bi. SRK KERELAM THIRD, Rea eI Ao PRM, te AY EA ae AT Se PAE ak BEE we eB Ag SS a Be AS FC FA AGE S 2.5 Bee 8A Baw a= Be = Bite k Ap ARABI WL AI — ALF GT RRA, AEB TTR A BRA ERK. M19854F iC, BBAAARIAEK. RERBSARMENMK EAM TK. BMA KS Be eia +t, 18 eth eR AAA Be. MEE, SSE RRA BMI AOK, JES ARS TELA A aD (Liu, 1995). BIR PRGA A mA Pe, (RIA TU RAR re, ME A to RIF TE — “ME REAI KF. ER XIMIR A P1995) RAGE, (ARIK WRU A — Te A xk — it WLP RABGRAA GA. REBT SEF, AR TBC AN BF BF Eh yA th. SR A Ba) 5 ZEA I NE ZARA SEA MARSA BKM EM RE ear) BRAKE ABIL, (bE AN. Ruka “WMA RAA RS EALM ARM EAM, TESS AD SR, peed ih I AGA i , 3 MRP RRE OHA W REARRLABEDDREP AA, PRERPKUSNAA, BALABAN RE. WA WIN Se AD HE, BR ESR LET PMA. REBT ABH, BMS & -d-b BS BY om Hy 4 HERNIA AHASR AR BEN. KERS TORR AHERBERE HRP A, SMTA GREK HAH. Ah, RNMBAROMA, WRRP LEAR ALES BARA AT KAE— iz, AMEND ARERR, PAKRHRPRREZAMN. AAAMNXHAAHARSE, TRAP TTAB IAA PT KA (Harris, 1996a) . ERP KCI, FEMWRR—T, ARE —-TRRAS EN AR. FEW UMAR EM ih RCRA YEE TR, KARTE AD AP Ci A eA i RR. RU AA B> BAR TR: OFFA WA FER A Hath Te A os BED RM; QM dieiie PRS KA; OME BHU PREMA; ORR LFEAWED MEAN, MRA. BBB ET im ULF Bets fh Fei BE — Fy RUA A SE BG ao 3.1 PASE sa Re REKMAE, KERKREHLERSFEOON, CSREDOUMRRAEMN SE AKTALEM MAA MATCH . FRM EAB LES AE oh a a TE EP ST CNR. RD, RP RE BI A BR PEATE CR AEA ta SLT HE at © BI AE RY AB HE A Se Vi) Fe al AAT BCA BS As PC GS ARAN A Ak BP 30 fief hee 5 Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management We) , WERE AAR AT RESET A EE BCMA oP ED. AM, Ata K AUT HART SERRE ERP REDD. PAAR AN EBON, 1A TRE EY A St A LE dT SE Bl) RT A de + FY 3.2 a He HRP EVE RAR Ait M Bb eS ERA on ES Asti, PERE Eth AR A RP a oh D FUEL HRSA A AT. PERLE AIR — AIR MD, BMAUVRAS HAA RE Hi. PRI BRKT He RT BF ET RP ARAM — AES. KAGE (Harris, 1995) vi BW, A Bee LO EA BRIE RDN, AEBSAA, Ble ce ALLER BFA oh yD MBNA, ABA BE R52 Be Eee Eh PT DATE AR A AME. SR, DAP AR RST, (Ate MKS SAPAMER AB HERD, KRSNA Ao. IN aA ERM KS RABAT ARI. LETRAS, i BE AS Be A OR He EE oh RP EA AE Fs APR. HL Ge TH A Fan MEE RG DMS AAS BY aR Ses Sh EF AAR. TEARS, HETERO EAE ASIA. TX PPE BR FERS BET — He DD EF A HG Pa, HF NS El) Sh AS i SC ES FA PEAS BE 3.3 ii UNIS Feit XU RHE A RIP BRABRLEDAAMER, MM RAMBY, BAT ER RAK A BSA ANKE HY CRI © ANI ULE AK Me EE I PRIN. AE RP A MOEA TIE LA ETT ll, BREAST HS He BP 2 ed eal El Bas FF Fs Vt AS EE BAS ee Be Te A, tA EA, ae ae 4 th A PPE SH. (RA SAMAR RRA. MRAWA RMA, BTR OE BOE 4 TEE He RMA AERA a, RRM BAIR, BI — Th Se RAL HF BEE FERN TH. KROPEDA-TMIF, iF RSM RAHA I BIT SM Ba. RW, Bat FEAR EE Hh Ae St EAGT. EN EE A ft ANS LE Sb A 4 9 DS HK eH. KG KRMAERTE, BNA A REAR eb A ts Ps He ST TSE AS AAR, FH Ce HAR, BRAE AMEE Fe AY FY. BRIE MR ike Shh ART EEE PRP SE A Bh, A i AR SATE RE, ABA Hh AMBERS AN AACE PS HEIER. FEAR RMA — BOR AE HE ie a AE AE, i, ATT BHNRAMRER—R. ARMS ARAMA TE, HPEA, FOAM RP HR KM. Ba, BiB E AEA i, FEM ATR ESP AT READ REIT AME. EWE 4 i DAF es tS) AB AZ, FES oe BE FB A RP eh Ee, MON EE EM A A Bk RBRVS eA thE 3.4 AEM TAIT IE EMER LICR RAE RAINIER, MAN RHA BRK MD ah OA Fo KART ARP ARE, TIPE AT SIAN SEAT Mp Rim. SAM, BHI RP AR TER REAR RP PE UAE AH RA, BEA SUR. Kee HEM AT SERIE. FAB 4b BX Te] PH PG A FF BR. SAR Us BEI GE A RAS TY aE Se, ig A TEAL ilo Fae) SHEERS 5 BH Tibet's Biodiversity Conservation and Management 3] Ai te MAT A AS J AT EEE A SE RP AS, BRAE BE TCE T ARTI oD AN Bh ee BY HE RRR. SLMKNE, VREAKR EAM MBE eT eee FL. KUARERZNEDS ABA FE “ PONE BE EN A ES RAS”, Me “A RA A EE MABE KAREcH, RER-PENWHNRRSRD” . BPXHARKRERATH AER: Onmd fio; QR MWR. BR Ra PASE — Ft AR ee ER AIT A. REN fe, DE PMU ARE TASRERMR, (EAM MAZEL —TURMAL HN AARRRIECRERE. HR iM, MRAP MBE SEMIS, BUA RMAs eRe >, TEVA FETE A_E EL — TAP RRELEDS LENT. 4 Rib: ARE {8 RE ED Wa A aE AY AR AR AY i SCH PS A A RAAT RHA CARE TS KH, RANTKADOWAS SANE AR, BER EES BET RM. MK, BEER AHA TT A ATR rea EAE A RTS, EGA RMR EDDA BH RDM). FEAR WHRRANME, KEARRALRAAKARADMNA, (RR ASAH Dw. AFR RK AR RUE A A ARE FAN AS ae a 3 BB ate EK ta PR OE 7 Se AY AX BA (Goldstein and Beall, 1990) . LEP, KHHRACRKRERT-TBEDMNERPRA, KEOFAEDWSX LAUER APA Se HEA XE — MRP AS eK SI LT EIR Aci. AMM, BOEZNLE, BABRTE HE-MSECHHMHNARAAPRULRANIEE. DER AN KGL RK 198846 TAG AS KF EDORPENAKEEDH. REX ILE, RAAT RHARAL WILD, ARERR RE AREA. RPE TEP OR ERRATA, BRABUS CRRKKRSAR EH RAP AT BLAS HALEN EDWRPRRERRALARAWEAl, HREMNMA—-THAAD RE, BlixteA Be EF MS EA a 4 BB AR IB LET AAR. HEOWRPRALAKAY FSH, NIX—-AR NET ABD TEM AA RAAT, MERE AEP E> A TAB ARGA am ASK. MY ES SE ATF RAD iD ARG RAN Alm. (BA T kt ix AMIA, th ARV AK-ARN—-AMESMXAMDRRA MN Bo. AA MARE, BAB FAT AY at FES A MRT PRS BY A BD Fe BK. HE ASHE SR ll PAE BS Bld 7 HE SK HAY 7a its Be “oe NTA (BINT RE) , RNMASAA MARRS, AAAR PRAM AK, tT TAK RAR K STRATA AMMA. ANB, ew aA OR ihA RACHA, APR PHABABAXAH, Fe mASRAETAM A im, LAE MSE AAB FRG AY Fl oe. RAT HIVE 2 FE SILAS MR hl AA PK a AEE MAE PBC PE A. BR A OB PE RAN, (EKMEAKCERATH, AARPHEAWH RAAT PABA. ABHe 4 CE BFE oh SA A ES BR AAT AT A, PROP CAGE ARE) RA AAT SE Ps EA RP TED PZ mm BS » KUAKKH EDD LE, CREP OW LRP BCE RP, OA SE UX, MRAMH ARP THARH AK BER, FAEREWM ALMA BRAS AN BS SM, KPHSREEAN RY. KET CHMALBA, UEAARRYWHNERSEDHEDHEK, REA AEK BE MARA A mM SKARRK, SICA ZALRAA DAM ARLE. EAA Qi im EMS HERP 5 FE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management PULSE AR DI EH RBG BE TR SE, MEAT le A ATI, GAY SEB hs A 8 a] MARA PIR -RO MITER. BRA AR AZAR VEER). ERASER a, FE HEY AUS EE. (AVENE AR iE, URAL RNR CREWE. FALE. Bee iE EA) AB DIKE HEX RAN — Fah OP EL. AIK TARR, BRA ERA ME, (SER HARER DK» Mi £2 SLATS HRobert M. LecKSSREK. HEWMRSAATFAAFPAMFAREA, NOK BITHKES. PRA KKSH HY AHFAAMRP MS. BER, D. Miller. D. Pletscher. D. Bedunah. C. Loggers. Liu Yongsheng. Nor Mohan, Gamacairen4#Abutalerp Ali#= i —AR RA HAR KX 4) 7 BA. D. Pletscher #eG. Schaller*} # 4) FAH HEAT T 1S. EBSA MH Feng, Z. J. (1993): Wild animal resources in the Hoh Xil region. Chinese Journal of Arid Land Research, 4: 247~253.Goldstein, M. C. and C. M. Beall. (1990): Nomads of western Tibet: The survival of a way of life. University of California Press. 192. Harris, R. B. (1991): Conservation prospects for musk deer and other wildlife in southern Qinghai, China. Mountain Research and Development, 11: 353~358. Harris, R. B. (1993): Wildlife conservation in Yeniugou, Qinghai Province, China. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Missoula: University of Montana. 327. Harris, R. B. (1994a): A note on snow leopards and local people in Nangqian county, southern Qinghai province. Proc. International Snow Leopard Symposium, 7: 79~84. Harris, R. B. (1994b): Dealing with uncertainty in counts of mountain ungulates. Proc. International Snow Leopard Symposium, 7: 105~111. Harris, R. B. (1995): Ecotourism versus trophy-hunting; incentives toward conservation in Yeniugou, Tibetan Plateau, China. In: J.A. Bissonette and P.R. Krausman, eds., Integrating people and wildlife for a sustainable future. Proc. 1st International Wildlife Management Congress. Bethesda: The Wildlife Society. 228~234 Harris, R. B. (1996a): Approaches to conserving vulnerable wildlife in China: Does the colour of cat matter -- if it catches mice? Environmental Values, 5: 303~334. Harris, R. B. (1996b): Introduction: Perspectives on wildlife conservation in China and Taiwan. In: Harris, R. B. eds., Wildlife Conservation and Management in China. Chinese Environment and Development, 6 (4): 3~11. Harris, R. B. (1996c): Wild ungulate surveys in grassland habitats: Satisfying methodological assumptions. Chinese Journal of Zoology, 31(2): 16~21. Harris, R. B. and G. Q. Cai. (1993): Autumn home range of musk deer in Baizha Forest, Tibetan plateau. J. Bombay Natural Histery Society, 90: 430~436. Harris, R. B. and D. J. Miller. (1995): Overlap in summer habitats and diets of Tibetan plateau ungulates. Mammalia, 59: 197~212. Harris, R. B., and D. H. Pletscher. (1997): Strengthening wildlife conservation in the Kharteng Valley, Aksai Kazak Autonomous County, Gansu Province, China. Unpublished mimeograph. Fam WS ER 5 3 Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 33 Harris, R. B., D. J. Miller, Cai G. Q., and D. H. Pletscher. (1996): Wildlife status and conservation in Yeniugou, Qinghai. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 16:113~118 (in Chinese). Harris, R. B., D. H. Pletscher, C. O. Loggers, and D. J. Miller. Status and trends of Tibetan plateau mammalian fauna, Yeniugou, China. Biological Conservation. (in press) Hunter, M. L. and P. Yonzon. (1993): Altitudinal distributions of birds, mammals, people, forests, and parks in Nepal. Conservation Biology, 7: 420~423. XB (1993) : FARR. Hee: PLA Ret, 245 Liu, W. L. and Yi. B. G. (1993): Bm&B REDS te. Ite: PRAHA, 219 Liu, Y. S. (1995): International hunting and the involvement of local people, Dulan, Qinghai, People’s Republic of China. pp. 63-67 in J. A. Bissonnette and P. R. Krausman, eds., Integrating people and wildlife for a sustainable future. Proceedings of the first International Wildlife Management Congress. The Wildlife Society, Bethesda, Md. 697. Ma, S. L., L. X. Han, D. Y. Lan, W. Z. Ji, and R. B. Harris. (1995): Faunal resources of the Gaoligongshan region of Yunnan, China: Diverse and threatened. Environmental Conservation, 22: 250~258. Ma, S. L., D. Y. Lan, and R. B. Harris. (1997): MRK ARP RRA. EWSRHE, 5(2): 151~154. Miller, D. J., R. B. Harris, and Cai G. Q. (1994): Wild yaks and their conservation on the Tibetan plateau. In: Zhang, R. ed., Proc. Ist International Yak Congress. August 1-6, Lanzhou, China, Gansu Agricultural University. 27~34 FER ABUT (1983) , RRA RPK, FRARRAAR BUT, EMBER EINK AS Ave Sat 2H (1985) , AIR. HHIR. SR RASA RMA, oT: AeA Bee, 127 Fas RF Be RRR FTAT) (1987). Fras RRR. AT: AMA Rhett, 168 AWA (1988) FBAHEDWRERS SER ABAACHARRERASHSEASLR, 19884250 Pe AREA (1988) . BREA IE. IER: PRL et Schaller, G. B. (1997): Tibet’s Hidden Wilderness: Wildlife and nomads of the Chang Tang Reserve. Harry N. Abrams, Inc. Publishers, New York. 168. Schaller, G. B. (1998): Wildlife of the Tibetan steppe. The University of Chicago Press. 373. Schaller, G. B., and B. Y. Gu. (1994): Comparative ecology of ungulates in the Aru Basin of Northwest Tibet. National Geographic Research and Exploration, 10: 266~293. Wang, X. B,J. M. Jin, L. B. Wang, and J. S. Yang, (1989): BAG Ie S Ske ER: “PRES, 255 Yan, X. (1989): PE BARRA BK. aA ACHE A ho. AAC AER, 17(5): 79-83. Yang, Y. Z., (ed). (1993): Hat > SX REHEAT. =: Hat RHR ARAL. 644. 34 Fae $158 Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management an, 4 Fh eu SA FS BASSE BARI KA RSS A PRA Rodney Jackson (LTR ESMEMSHERP SS ZLUK, BAER; ERSHKES BEA, RR) 1 We ERAS BAG BRR EF 19894F3., He #R33,819km?, Pp eth Ft see ey EER BAIA. ERAS WEF yee KPA ALAA AR IER (EDRE——B RUF) AIA, DR a ae ea RS Sy HE Lh AS K. HBR BR. WERARSH, HAMKNWHIERER. KARAM CEZLAT OAK DAS GHRAIB RA, HMPA WAG REA SE YAR. FF SE LL BA FS ASE Mme. MRAM AWK NARARES, RRO. ICRTRRA AURA + (1994) SHRIEK EHABEAARRPKNDWKARDRWERBE. MRA OTEK Mima, BRP KEP -NSAREKAMASRA BRAND REE. HP REBERNKREE AB ARV. Sk$¥ (Rongshar) Ja]. SeHLAN I Ay BE AAA, Rp Al ee HK AY ain TE RA YRC PK RH KHBWKANDWKA, WPHREKEHRRE ARP BILD WS GS iE KR ( Hemitragus jemlahicus) . *KB"1# (Presbytis entellus) FUStH Si HEM FP (Naemorhedus goral hodgsoni) WRF ZW AHA SA. th ia Ze RS BASIE BARK EDA TARP BER ESE yet (Yangzom, 1997) . ATR KMLARP KER SATA, 868, 0002 RR, HPAS BRK. WA4, 000~S5, 0004F AT, AR RF MA FEIS A EE, FEB AE A HE RL. SRE ARE FE ARES SJL. HE HE HK, MEMS REN ER MMA: MKRRS RN RMR; WK, RE RAR. BB Gel; KERMA CHEW CARR. SHMEA) S. RBA SK SAAR, tne Su. AU REDON A. KERRI ARRP KL FRRERASE 19944F 4h S — MID SE, vb se Fe a A bs Fe EEE SE LS ET A) A AY 2 LAS BA A dS OE hE GEA. Hh OS SIE BRP KID ATE: 1) BOKRE KK: EAKENMADH. HEME WS REN RP EAE EA tr. 2) SBP: PVE ARLE SS HE Be) eM SFT AAD, TR PA ES BET FT A A EU. 3) BOMAINAAKRRK: EAKERRASER, RMHMA EN, VHEMAH RK. TRA BA IB RARPRKEATITR OK, ARP RK BM ARAI25%~30%. SPR KAY IEAM ARR RKMMUTREAS PIL K. FANRATSHRKE HBR ARRPK SEAS AeA S GROARENSRRA. ZLMEBZANLAAERPK ADT HODWRALR. HAREMIIARMA RSFED MMA mM, FY RRSP A ABATE A FL Be 2 KR ARADO UPR A MONA HRKH B1l9914EURK, (Fa ALN RSA SRB BARRE REMARKS Ae. WAR A EKM AY. Bw A ARAM (Jackson, 1991; Jackson et.al., 1994) . Zee FE HE XK, AF ace AE aK LRA, Wea eI KA S RF (Jackson at.el, 1994) . AERA, RNR AERA, WAKA. STR SNEWS eM KATA ENE. UE UK Wad Br DK Sa AS HE FB ais BE FS BAF RRP EK CRP KA Re Pa i A ET Sa). HEE ARMAEN SKM, FEDWHRRALRMTCH, ILYFRAZAITHKR. MEKALEAMSEHT RVR HK, FRE ERICEIRA. CEDRUS SAR2~3kmU AA, BPEah = BERR, EEE FIR (Jackson, 1991) . aE ABL, AE (Pseudois nayaur) . je Bor (Equus kiang) FAljxJR¥S (Procapra piticaudata) x=) tiFt, eB RAAAFHRR) HABA Si. TEA EA HS. Borla Py aE AK R, SERRE RK. RRL HS (Karta) . Hii (Gandun) AILS F (Lapchi) HERR AMAL. CEE (Pegu tso) Ri NIHR Ay #L (Munza) WA GES ARP KAILA RS IL) PIR AER UH, EE SP A eR PO A FDL FAALK ZF, BE=E Pa RL FAP COvis ammon hodgsoni) HPFWMENARHA, CAT KRAMWA, EHRABA eA SHE RMA EASE SD OPP RE ARE Ba FG Hh Ey JT AY a A PRP WAN HK, (ARP SH ABS BILE AiRKNRKA RADDA S SMHEB REL HIF ( Capricornis serow ) All as JRE © Muntiacus muntjak) , SCPPRED AEE KWAME RHA. KERBKRARRP KePRt—j PAS SHREK. BEM ERIE, HAM (Budorcas taxicolor) 7 TER A 8, DWERRUVARRIA. ROAAKTHA SSE AS SHEE ~(Moschus chrysogaster) 77 HFK 1, KATH RSMHHRKH, MAB SHERPA CARDENAS RIRACK. 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BONER RMRAT MARR PA PAIS MOET USE fie. a eas FASB SHER HELRDLADRE, WMA RMBKASRENRWES. AAREEBNA BBE 36 mA WS HER Ss FEB Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management fee, Aimm eS. BANSKRANRRSEORIEARH, FRE MTRIR. A KEEFER ARP EK ASAI HA 3 ARSE WMA MIF R 3.1 WHERE SE FE EPA BOHR, ARS. BRL REAR. 4HER, CH FABLE EE ED AaB TR RA LT RS BRR RRO KANE BNE R, Hi UAWDE xt pBABE HRA. MK, CHABRANRAKECERANRARAINCS SE H. CRK, SEOwWHeESEBRECOAATA, EKA DERAL I ARR, HF SKA RAAT, thik THD) . LERMAN KEREREEAKAZ0d NINA HTH RH. AR, MH SARART; Re, SRE. REAR. AA, EBTRPKACRAA RAKE DOM REMEEHAHMARWA. HE, EHERUINBOKHM LINEN WARM, 41990474 5%~22%K EK. KA) BBE T BED WH RA (Jackson, 1991) . RAMA, EBRKAR FRMEEK, HtAeRMAP HARP SIR. EMKILEP, 4B RARE ST —LERP TE KELL BF ATE ARA. MXGHARER LB RAKHN ARR AE, (PEAR KAAKLRECE Am. GR, RNR ARMARTN SA, AKAD BARON RE RANA FH HER EIR FF. ATILEMANRARMEARE, MUSRRPRERERD ZEBRA, MBSA RB HOaT. ERE BRABRARPKBUU, FARAH OWEE RB RRMA. (EEL Fi, AA aR BUR RAB te Hb LS PRA IE HRM RDG IK, ARRAS. Ak, SER PARESARKATACMAAS HABIT HRN AR. MFRS AWK ARS (Ngora) MFRS AAMS (Khoryak) , fe4FiAK WAKA HIAGON. EMAMWK, AOOSPRRABAA0M (1H=0.067hm’?) RA, APRAERA A A@BNE, BPHAKRIRKY £900~1, 360kgZ lA, BNIRMAPMAIAI2, 200% 70 CFR PAILSE Jo) . EXATSERAAAA RP lal, SKM RAR RAK CMRI, 1997). EUR, AERRI-B AERA BHEMREALLAAWHAL. FELSMINIGEH, HFRERRAEES, CRDERE Ps, WRT Al972FURRE BHR, OKMHRE (FBRAALAMUF) UE. 34 Sh Jee BR AT ACF 9 Bk BF Eh BR aT LH: 1) RAM Mibiah, MA. ARAL BRE. UBS, 2) FRAT BE Ege Be, OO aK AT, TA PA RR TAS BTS II ESE He AD oe: DA BE A AAA F19944E DAK, FAL Ay BF AE ah Wy A fee eS, HR RH ee HE Ah DO PB SB: BF EDMAN BA. MARAE R PETE XK, HHA ASR. APPT ROABPRA WHKRA, Aimwm THEM KH. 3.2 WREVES ER AS Bh le) BYP SS BY LAI BH E9, 0007F A ASSAF ea IL FEA AAT IN, AE APLAR IFA Fe FS RPK a al EEF EN RPE S| RAY. TEAC HE A BS i eK RA, RRA ST — HE fe) AP TD AS Pe Ste OR IE AE ah AEH bin KK. KEE RAI AISA BEF AN PRE Pa SEER 5 FE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 37 MN, WHET RNa T: HAAR OWE ROM KOK, WAT RAR K ABER A Be IRD BSNS EN EA LE; BS EE BIL RON EAS. SEED WHR HT Za GE HMR MY, Be S| ATK BFA RP A AR ASHE (Oli et.al., 1994) . eA AIEMWKRK, WB BRP MSRM BU). RABAT BRS AM, Mix -H EL. Aa, RAN RECULHUITRAODWNKARMRAE, MeFNSSHER, KERB DHHS RM (Marmota himalayana) . MSABRENM, HRDWSRBNKAHE MSY. SR SPEEDS BSE BAK MH CK Ra ENR, AT ENE eR. HAR RAAT ChE Sta) MICE. FEES RIISIE BARROS VER ANA Bink fait, FRIES EEA I KR BS RAK BAKA BIIU2%, (AMR BIR KK HOMIS% (Jackson, 1991) . MAstHaingie, SOM K PRP AAAS. TRAM ER BAA FEAT. HF. WE. BEAMS WMA DR, AA EMIRATE BD BRAY Te] Bari BLE FF al BY SH MAME R. BEER -TNE, RP PSCBIAIN AA FF BH AY TOU EK BI BK & AY EK EE RI SH, WOES SORIA BEA CaF ER, PEALE HH, We350~80 RF. (HE, MRERGERENES, CHARRETTE TORAN. MARKHNA, K FAM RPM RAEER™ 2. AANA REE NFAR, RA RHF e EAB. SBMA B HPRMAME RAMEE, PREATRERENPH, RaGORRSSL. RE-TP SH a, AAKHANTA, WHF, EER ODREAN, FEST RH, hint. FEI EAS fe) EE PE BF AE oh A eK AS De), PR TT EEE He te TK PP AY fev. Jackson % (1994) RH RIMARE VA, MSR. KAKA NRA RAKMKA. RPK MIE, A] ete A AE ABE EET A. ACR AMA. ME TRA BSH te TER RMN RED. RMHAEONAEECREERMHAR, ALMMRRRD-MD, Rie MHK SARK WER. MANNE EERKEANIRE, AAT ARMCNNRA DE, DHBARHAA. FE PGA RA ERK EA EEKBEA. Mt, DARHT) HAMM REA WKfe#. Miller#lJackson (1994) We SHWMBRAReE ORS ewe MaRe. SHEPAABT IRR POY, ARHEHFAN MEH, MoAEPBAREMUSP UR. MRS RAMERN GE, PRMSHNARESMOMTRAN, ARP RSA RUA MAA DWH ORE, READ HAMWKANEM, WAN. RB. HHMRAS. MREAHKK, SEAN BM EAAKRANA FG REFHN FEM ARRAN RR. AA, JLPRASMERAAA MA, eS Pes E RANA: Lk, RANRPRKARRADA LUA EMRE. Alm, miei RUSE ESE ARIE, FER KASS. SAMA AF (barometer) , ATi (Wiha EWSHERP. Cha RATER AK DAWMKANRAAP (charismatic megafaunal) , LA5| MAMIE, HA BREEDERS MH MIMARS SE EDWMIANWKARREARRNAR. ERP RK SHR LRA BRR 4 R, ATMeET BHT. 4 DARA 4 MA ANE Ae LO96ZE DLA, La HATE TS RAR BEE AACR OR I UBER DR AS HE, SHEP ch FE a TE ACA AUR BA BE Te AS EE NM AAAS. ALD ST AURISETREDT Ie, DLA SCALEE 38 Tie AWS HER 5 EE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management tie i MSIE PR AELK EWA, OK EA ROTH KART CH AERP EK A MRE MK. BMH WIPE RAEKRARPROSSHRP RK SHAR. BIBLE ENA RAM PRA. the RA MEWMSA. HEBSHHARRATMIKNRAR: KASHKA ERNE RR &, mA she RRP SEWN RSE. PVRRMNANURNRESMLAMEA SEM RRP AAR, RAG) REWRAKMERE LEMAR SRE ee. MENAAKA iE: 1) HIEALMRABAHTATE, BRP Ae EM REMEKHES, WRAP eS; 2) MAH, BREE: MEST, HSE Ree; 3) EAIMANW ATK, MBSRS HVA CPRA) . MAHSSRML RAH (APPA: Appreciative Participatory Planning and Action) MIEFEMWARWES, MEFEAMETIEO. MASH, PVRS i RRP RK SRA RA SA RR; 4) PIBVIGES RAR AAS LAB, SHAT. MAE hea S RABI HB. CESPVIBEF RAL A, ERM BT TR RAL, FEAT AUIS, Dh De ee BE Hh OR tte Jad Be Hh BFA aA BAUR ASTID, We Se a ANAS Ae ee TAT HVPE RK RHE ERE EEE RP KA IAA ASE EAN, MR ET A. WET. Ria tile —-TS TAU. BrrRMides PAA TCH. BAAN: RAT. RASC. AMM thin, @BINEM ANE. HWMRAA NR. KERR AARP KERR. BAS ESM DAR Ebr Sc Bae) BA AH Ele) DY AT A CERSS ATRL, SE UIBES AAT RAB UA A at) BF Eo fe INE ER —K7.6km HSRSe, ANARHURARP OKRA. BAMAAX: BES RBA, 000%, AAI, 000K. MBL, RERKRAHUUMHRAAKARH. MENBBRRNNRAHABBAZRA, HH REEHAP. KBHARARRPK SRRRAREARAKA Rist RENERK. MUKA A (Yarleb) FRAKBAMENSEIECRH A, FARMER RA, 800K. KBB AARP EK RREZRAN-K. UMAR ROMARS, RLERAKREMSAZSMAATHAA GtRM A) PSC. WAT eK SE KS, OOK LUKE LAMES RHE K, FA MRHRASTIH, Fey SSG Ze SH. CHR AS ee TS EH RS BI RRP K LER ASDSE EN L fE » wFAik, CAB RkmkKHNSe, ABN E80%VU LHRACAGAIT RP. SRB HAS, SS RAr BK 61%, BSMK 25%. KRHAKMURKKASKBRTEAKWRK. Ril, RAKED SH KEATHT RRA. BARAT SMB KRABA, RR AMEDD NREVHEEEERA, ANRRRNBHKATENRARD. HIRENEE, KSSH BRE MMABKARHHEA, ANF RM) ESE MY, W1995~1996F ERE. KA eK Fi BDF ti} 5 St Jee BRT BAT EAR AS CR CERAM A-TMEBM TATRA, CHER. PRAM, UiiR>RE 20-2AB TRA, WER RA. RETOEARHA UI, HRBEERA CS, (ERA, KLAR i> TANS, te BR A a EO. BENE BION RMR Ra TP POR, IAT BSN SAN ARB. EER BAe -HANREAE. BR FEN RMN “REROARS EH, AANA AREA ASA” . HHS RAH, AAR Zhe “RNBRBEDD” . AT RIE ATTRA me, AR ARS A sce. BIA AT Ak, MICA Fa EM AY Tl kA TL Sth a UE A Pam AS FETE RiP 45s BH Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 39 HRBBHKES. REHKKREFLAEROCZSRUEZENRH, MAB MAEHKWRSkmHABIWF S He DAFT A MLE, ARBRE FTLARHAREANTS. RA, RPKAN RESIN ERK A Ea PES, CARB ERE BEES INRP, FAB CNA AK. RFAXR-BREAKCALAULH, PRECRAABN, AAKKRUWARHSA SME RAK CVA ALS. TATA OA AAS DOME EC RE, AREA (Shishapangma) ASH aMm IT, ie THEME EDD. XPM IFVIPER WRADMERCRP KAMAE. ADFERA RRP HMA (SRAED ZRERPF) , XEMAGARILGEHABBBEA BARS KGS SRF PR Sis Sse EL HEE, UWKER. HAIR RBAKAAB RE. FRM EGVRHARED, DAW CH 5. COATMAARARARHA, TRACE HNSR, AGAMA 4HMERESE SHOW, RPA AID KAR RK, Be) AWER MM K BRR KA. HRM AME RESRP SHE THe, RFKATUMARHAS, HRP ROARK SHA RAH. MRNA, KASS HE Risin, AACA SRMAEMRKR, MMAKSA—-BOL, RRRONARE, BSRRABHN HRA RK. 5 ERAN AUR RE REET RN — AE PR BAS Oy HO FE : 5.1 XY A Se He AS FH A ll EBRAN RAE ANP) Bit sok. EMEP, HT OY OE UR SRA BE HY DA A A 2B IS BGR, UNPRA, APPA. HTRPEA, ASEM Ft BARAEWEAR, ARE -TAAN BEATE A Re AN Tee; PE ELE hl eA SE An, RARE ARE SHH. KPKFRIME-T+RN. FANE. BONE BREEPEMNEWSHERP HERR: ARREARS ESESROWM, UKEARCERAHNE +; HANA UO KABA KREMAAN ARAB MKASH. BUSI RREAAHRP KNEE, PREP DK BB Je BES LEE Dy FEE RP A A FR 7 eR Sk. 52 MHSURESHAR, RT EMA RAR HEA SERN, FDR MESH TENE RR. Ak, fem RIL BY, UAT RV, FEA A aR 5.3 HH K MAMA RRA KEN RR SRAM ASR RK, ESE EA AFR, HARA B. TERBK THEM ME. 54 WA RRMA ARS. MRURKERRNLMAR, FEMS SRAM. ARH EE ERKWESNAH-ENS, SERNRBRRRRNKA, AERA P In; UME: AKI AIA RA RERAR CEHAAMA) ; EMA Rit. HAT PRB E EA. Wah al hE BW Ta Fee BRA FE A 5 Si ie ABS Fes HB ATTA BE 0S ER RP BY BEE URS RP AEA AA 55 ia, Wieck TRAP KSB -TERA A, MAMAERAEL AWA UA AN tee EET . ZEIT ANSE EIA BAT, a SER, IRA AS Bh, VASE Fi SCALIA A AH A tr 40 PGW SH RP 5s EE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management HRRK 5S Bis wit KES HIER RIP ¥ S| ah CH A Bema AL 100080) 15a JRA (Procapra przewalski) EE PHRANE ROD. ALEBRRAS ET iznnt Pan pw APG ALS, HOMKABHN. AB. TRA. 1307 FARMEEDRARE MRAM RES 3 — AKIRA (Allen, 1940; Corbet, 1978; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1991; Honacki et al., 1982). HH FiEIMEAW RADE, ARE OIE, PRR NH KA, AUER RH ARE RRA AF RSW K. RANE RRM BS Re, RLS, 1998; Jiang and Wung, 1998). RIB, 19864F RM KANE RRR ORBISON (BESS, 1991) . 14 RRM KERRR OF 1/300 A(Jiang et al., 1994; 4M, 1995; Jiang et al., 1996b), SRIRAM ARE Be Sle TRAE BR, BRARRPRADWH FERASHE RRA NES BIACRAR MAE) CIUCN, 1996). 199447 Fea, HEP RRS. BXRARBFESENSHMRATCADVRYMSHRD, ARR Det ES EGR AT A AP BE ET TN. TE, OK ES EET SIDR, MED SHEN SABA, BAPE WNT HS RPRRRAREOM EWS HE BMGT SRT. 2 ee wd Ky S PPE BY 2 DB PAE Fy AE He Ah ee eR ARAL, ERB — AW BA, ee DK KR, FET ee AE ye EE ei) ad ALS AO HET Sa Ei, 1923; AIS, 1933) . 19504EWK, ATH. Ho. 7khEA WA E DSH TARAS Re (Meri, 1964; APRS, 1975) . 044K, MIRNA. BWKAL, SBKARES PRP HAA RAL RESET TAKER (ATR, 1980; PRERASZ, 1983; REAR, 1987; xIK, 1993;4=@ #5, 1989; B4AH1990; PREFER, 1994) . 1OTSERMME WT ZS ARRPR, 1992FBKS BAR MARIE, SRARRPRMA (KIRN EEAK SH EBHH ED BEG AA) , RAB PERGMAR. ATARAMHHM, ARAN, BREDASIEE RK RANE DS PEER TJ AA eae. Fae AK ARR ee ER AR, LAP SACm-12.7°C, BeIKIA-30°C, TAR-FWAMA 12.4°C, fer im A iA28°'C. BPILA BPI A, FAM EOCUF, WMH, UKE ATIA0Sm. WK ZSPN A247.6mm, SeeeKeh23; FRRRARN SHS AA, WKAR, SBC FRE, Wika eee. BAMA AR AEA ER, WD Ue RE Ee Fe LEAK BE te, AW KBREB ATR RSS ARI, BARD, REM UAA PABA KUAMRS, 1987). FERRARA, TEE MAE. BWMKA. HUARD. Hehe Pum iy % HF tt Ri 5 HH Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 4] KD FOES HER RAR). RUMAH, WMKAHTEWS2E. 174. 4454, HPRPBW3 RO A, IhimtoOmHRRHARAKE. BPWRRUSKAL, ZARRAE. ABW K A164 SK, PRISH3ISE; 36 BK, DRORISE. SAS(AARSARRS)IN4 A, ATI 69.5%. C1 RRY, TLRHWNI72%; SHAS, FLABWNI0S%. BAH, HALF, TPR. KEE PARMAR ABRIRRF AW, wh (Panthera unicia). WE Jf (Equus kiang). FJ (Cervus albirstru). © f&(C. elaphus). #$&JR¥(Procapra przewalskii). E+ (Poephagus muths), 23i#§(Grus nigricollis), “7% #R£(Haliaetus leucoryphus)4; CGA24FARIRRPDH Y. SRRRARBWNSARP LE RWVRZRERP HEA. Xl BPM REMSREWHE Table 1 The characteristics of biodiversity around Qinghai Lake ESRER EBEWHARE Amz (%) BRAM SKHR IRAP AKAAYM BRR ue PEE eas WK RAS BK 5 85 5 + 7 BUR HE 4 Fea BBE SLY ES IR HLH BERGHE 20~40 16 32 2 +++ Be ie Fee A WERE 5~80 11 18 2 ++ UR KAW RGRS ch PRB BES aes: tea Se S-ER UE SR 30~60 18 42 4 + i BR - BG HS JLERS . fey ee fa E res LL) eh SBE 50~80 16 34 4 + Be fa eR BARA es BH Rit FRE ea ree E QRAK-KESERB. H 8 0~20 6 6 3 +++ bs ad BAR RERERE ATHSAR wtih, FR. ERA 5 5 0 ++ BUR % ‘RPRALSAAZ MEALS 3 SRRAN MA ARIE BA 994F FTES UH WARAR, AWM KER RAD HEA WARK. 7 A MK AS RPK. 3S PRE EL hs AS A) A RE 2). RAE RIE RV FOAREA. MSR te, AD ARES, BCBS AE RAE se on, BEA oA Hh Rom (Jiang et al., 1996a). @ GRRADARE Ri. MARA, 199647 A19975F B58 a RAR AS BA17 % A 22%, MERAREMN LAH ?, RSD SADA RSAARAHN27%. © MEME, WAH Hit). PRE. BREESE RRA NRE RRO AAEM CP. AMI K NARA eS KR A Z le) ECA SS AE 42 BimAWS HPS BE Tibet's Biodiversity Conservation and Management #2 *¢ JR Shp ADA Table 2 The analysis of threatening factors against Przewalski's Gazelle Pat HES IE KR Wei {55 WEL Wi — +" sob en 5 -: tH +++ ++ at ~ 1% +4 - + 4 “ARAM, “+ SUR AYE, “—" RTL SBM 4 Fy ie Wh ES EE RRL AWK ERMA BRB, RTA Bie ah MK T ASR HEL AO EREVALIZ, 1993). HFIERMARES, PERAK RD. MEA, 19864 EHH 193km’, 1 19564E RD 6lkm’, BASHAM AA. HFOMR RSA RHO, BAny WR SAK EDRMRA SOM. FEAT GRAMS RT Lab, 1993), St APBH SB TRE. AHAAHKRCEES, HRA RRO, SRA, BRE, BR 4:28) SESE ABE SE Fh ALAS i EBA AY BA Sth Sy RT AE EE +A WHE30E PK HAIRS, HAH INT A279’. AES SAYROMHK, ASKREFRET RPA, MEA. B. AFTRA R LE, RAN SHEA mm. BHESRHERAY. UA BWEHRENE, HSH Re, EPONA, 2S SANRWRKRESEKRA. Use A Beds aN me, RMIT WEAN EREVAN. TR PHY RAMEE EV RRAWATA. ATHAPH, WHAM ERMR SE, CRAKEAR RRP K, AEA BRAFIRA, SWAP ARI R, HEAR RATS TT Tish e) AA RZ) . HREM, GER. METRES SMM KN ESRAWRRATA BERNA, FERRE eA tT. FEMMES, SUPORTE RROMAS, MARE ARR, WRERBATTROUIR > RA. RU FEHEAM. ER A. MRIRLA ARON eR, ARE x BARA a WET RemER. EWS MINER MR eins. 5S RPER RAM KRAEAMSHRERP NRX PRRRAUDATRERReR-—TORRADY, ENGR RRRMK HRS, he Sh 7d Fe me AYR EAC PHD. EELS, —SFLN KE PEAKS. Hot ERA RAT FLW, HE (Elaphurus davidianus), 4 &¥F (Equus prewalskii) Alm AM (Saiga tatarica) » TERUMIA AHR AIF, MAA RE RE KAT NER SIARE. THERE MAA TRA, BASAACIIFE HE. MR iZ WR EBA T AREAS. EL A RPE ZB MA BTS BERLE HK MAAN, MTSRHNEWMSRERE—TAA Rt Hink. BS ER Ji Pe AS SS eS Fae Hy Dea Tr EAS FH CA Jo BAY EAS ABE UVR TIRE AS RL — PPR HE SS ESAS, TRH te EI, xa ESR RARRA, (8B AUBIE T mtEWMsS HERP 5 FE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 43 BD. fFAMRESAAA RADE RARESARS PHI RA, SRRANARERARAR WEA RTCA AAA Ey & FF te ee ae EE Ri RRPHRASR “BATH RME) . BRERA FREEAS (3770104439725005) MEAS Ai 2h th Ht AT A BY HE BH. ERSA MM AFAR, AK (1975) . A KR ARH. PK ORK AA RE EDs. dom: BK #t, 9~26 | {ART (1993) . FRR ah aS ER A. HBB RLS*, 13 (4) :382~388. FBG (1989) . FRR AAOWS. BT: AA Rett Perea, BRE, RAK (1964) . ARN EFIR, 30(3) :214~233 PREERR, 570, AIP. OR (1994) . AK EASES ARE MKANMDOHR. EAFZARE, 13(2) :44~49 PER, S27 (1983) . FARK RRA. BOWES S SWS FR, 17(1):71~81 FA (1993) . FS WMREAM RG SMR. AR, (1) :1~12 : FAME, ER, HR (1987) . HK. AT: ABA Rett BE HA (1990) . AAMAS K SHIRL RRR RK Te. HEE, (1) :42~46. Ai (1980) . FR AEM SB HK A BHR A HE A A I). PR, (3): 5~19. aM) (1998) . FRBRDA. PH MAHAR, 454: 32~35. SH, GHB, EHS, oct, BF (1995) . FRR OAR SK. BRIO: 241~245. BES, XIKA, GHEE, KK7, ITH, AEST (1992) PRRAKMKMAASERA. PREWSEA, 11: 63~90. Allen, G. M. (1940) : The Mammals of China and Mongolia. Part 2. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York. Corbet G B. (1978) : The Mammals of the Palaearctic Region: a Taxonomic Review. Cornell Univ. Press, London. Ellerman, J. R. and Morrison-Scott, T. C. S. (1991): Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian Mammals. British Museum (Nat. Hist.). Honacki, J. H., Kinman, K. E. and Koeppl, J. W. (1982): Mammal Species of the World. Allen Press and Association of Systematics Collections, Lawrence, Kansas. IUCN. (1996): The IUCN 1996 Red List for Endangered Animals. IUCN.Glande. Jiang, Z. and Wung, S. (1998): IUCN Antelope Survey and Action Plan Part 4, Chapter 33 China. Country Report on Antelope for IUCN/SSC. IUCN/SSC. (in press). Jiang, Z., Feng, Z. and Wang, Z. (1996a): Przewalski's Gazelle in China. Conservation Biology, 13: 324~325. ‘ Jiang, Z., Gao, Z. and Sun, Y. (1996b): Current status of antelopes in China. Journal of Northeast Forestry University (English Edition), 7: 58~62. Jiang. Z., Feng. Z., Wang .Z. Chen. L., Cai. P. and Li, Y. (1994): Saving the Przewalski's Gazelle. Species, 23: 59~60. 44 RAED HERS 5 BS Tibet's Biodiversity Conservation and Management a ek fe Jp BY Ga BIES FR (PRASRELEREWHRA BT 810012) MFRS RNB (Ovis ammon) HR, BSMACL HMRI. J. R. Ellerman#lT. C. S. Morrison-Scott (1951), D. P. Mallon (1985) . YSFERES (1986) FRET 4) AF Pa ARE AEE LAP COvis amon hodgsoni, Blyth1841) . RERES (1985) RT REM A ZH AK, PUTER RK mR, WaASA. SHRI ME, RAE, AVPRRRALHELH, CME: #476 FG LFF Ovis ammon hodgsoni Blyth. 1841 #3 EG BE WFP Ovis ammon darwini Prewalski.1883 1 PRA ESE DAES SUES: 1) #2£ PGi IF ( Ovis ammon hodgsoni) BOHM ; & SHAR A EK FR A Ae aM; BU Ae BU ED AY BS AR AH Fea BiB A TFS BS A — A HE A Bam IE MMA REM PMR, FRAR MAA; fA L, fle F-)F490mm. 2) #2- 38 FAP ( Ovis ammon darwini) Mot, AIKER, AREA: i RE Hf” ; FEAR AWA; $8 SLAB AA Ae FARIS, FAlAFEXT550mm. HATS ROADS AS, SAA, AMM LAZAR. 2 We FE w+) % FETE RP 5 HH Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 45 BPG IL AP CO. a. hodgsoni) MBA M a, ALHA--MRAN AE, 7 ee 1A 2K PAE A aed (Mustang sh X . EVA bee CAR) ~ PRR AK. ae. I, HRA CREW) Al Pr seh ARS LL BRR EK BFKMBWUKBER—B MRS wR CA. dalai-lamae) , ZHVAECMAL ARV ARH 4%, AAA F 1972 FEES RS PPR RPE (89°E,38°N) (AR A400 km (36°15’E, 93°N) Abs 4S KARAS EF PG FH. A-RDAGH, RIL Ee RLA-MRAN A HE, AM IZA HeHRA, Baas KEAUS A), (REBAR aE MARE. FN, PRL ER AES, URA [EAS AAS PEST ER RIEE, EE A EA FIMO A, ABR LSEBE, SHAH MEL CSR) FSaRA 4S EE EAE th eR At, FFARR REA. RATER UA a PER RUAN ES SEM KAY, SiS SEK EARLS AN SR. FURAN ABALE APL ANT oH. RESKERARANILA KE, (ARIZ PAW EMRE (240~-280maBP) , HARA HL (107~210maBP) , Pied (30~-79maBP) , RARRMERERNFT EBS (10-20maBP) . HERRSAU, BEB PW WA AMD. BT ACE WA Bik EMMA FARA HK, BOTA AR ASK BRIAR eA RR AN ae Ly Hh BK (KHAWA) . MERAH ZAHM HAR, ARIANA. PEAKBAKRAAAA Mw, LGR RASH HARA S, AH14, 000K. 3 FAN FA a it re RE KA Ie, LES A BSR AGT SE LE i; RL We ATE TMS hits: SFHSMAMTHAL De. EIEN, ARAL MRMRE, MaHAATHRS, KRRBEACHFER PUES, MARKRRMUERAEDWRBL, BUG ERAT EA CR -BUARFARH NRW) . EK, EPHARDA KEE Die fA RE Keim, FRHMTAALRMAARMRH, RABE A. MEAURSHRRDA, HB MARA A nn”, BREAST RRL NAB AN I ERE REX BAB fl at EFT AIMEE, RRMA RARERA DARREL RMN) . FAUVAREADD (4076 REF) TD AE Be Be PE BIA R RES ET SE, ATE CPE AR ERP pt) BTUAENBR. ATRRARARINAS OD (BRC RE . RP ARR Ta ee ’ ESA, CHAU ERRALARERDORP AP (BURP LEIA) “—- ERS Allen G.M. (1940): The mammals of China and Mongolia. Natural History of Central Asia. American Museum of Natural History, 11(2). New York. Corbet.G.B. (1978): The mammals of the Palaerctic region: a taxonomic review. British Museum (Nat. Hist). Ithaca: London and Cornell University press. Cai G.Q. (1985): A general Vien Argali Sheep ( Ovis ammon) in China. In: Wild Sheep, Ed. M. Hoefs. Spec. Rep. Northern Wild sheep and Goat Council. Whitehorse: YuKon Wildlife Branch. 198~199. 46 Fak EDs EER 5 EE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management Cai G.Q. (1982): Notes on birds and mammals in the region of sources of the Yangtze River. Acta Biological Plateau Sinica, 1: 135~149. Dolan. B. (1938): Zoological results of the second Dolan expedition to Western China and Eastern Tibet 1934-1936. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 90: 159~184. Ellerman. J. R. and T. C. S. Morrison-Scott (1951): Check list of Paleoarctic and Indian Mammals, 1938-1946. London: British Museum (Nat. List). Feng, Z. J, Cai, G. Q and C. L Zheng. (1986): The mammals of Xizang. Beijing: Science Press. Geist, V. (1991): On the taxonomy of giant sheep (Ovis Ammon Linnaeus, 1966). Can. J. Zool., 69: 706~723. Heptner, V. G. Nasimovich, A. A and A.G. Bsnnikov (1988): Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol.1. Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla. Scientific Editor. Robert S. Hoffmann. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and the National Science Foundation Washington.D.C. Lydekker, R. (1898): Wild oxen, sheep and goats of all Lands. London: Rowland Ward. Lydekker. R. Fr. S. (1913): Catalogue of the ungulate mammals in the British Museum (Nat. List) Vol.1.Artiodactyla. London: British Museum. Mallon D.P. (1985a): Status report on wild sheep in India. In: Wild Sheep. Ed. M. Hoefs. Spec.Rep. Northern Wild Sheep and Goat Council. Whitehorse: Yukon Wildlife Branch. 179~187. Mallon D. P. (1985b): Wild sheep in Mongolia. In: Wild Sheep, Ed. M. Hoefs. Spec. Rep. Northern Wild Sheep and Goat Council. Whitehorse: Yukon Wildlife Branch. 179~187. Roberts.T. J. MA. (Cantab), M. S. A (Brit. Col.) (1977): The mammals of Pakistan. London & Tonbridge: Ernest Denn Limited. Wang, X. D. (chief editor) (1991): Vertebrate fauna of Gansu. Lanzhou: Gansu Science Press. Pats RHR 4 FE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 47 Fa fet P Ba eB Ste Dx SS ES FOB EY RAP Mary Anne Bishop & Jim Harris ( fre #84KIESS, P. O. Box 447, Baraboo, WI 53913-0447 # # ) Ay i es Ho (HREREDMARA LH 850000) 1 We AREER, GEESHH, FEDDWHRPAT MALE ARN AARP KAT. FEREAY DMHHAKME KMELMAREP AN RHA K AM RP. ERM AIRK, MEN BME (Grus nigricollis) FUSES HE (Anser indicus) HV PAY Ri SRR WE MOD FEY Et BF FR SHES FU BH SK HE Ea AK EIT RP, TARA KBUAIIA I KAM ARP AD (Liu 1994) (Srp EAS th AK I ARP BNW) . 161990~19914F BE 1995 ~ 19964E RE, HOV T EGP a th KA Hh BIASED KGL. HAA, CEP P PA BES A LS Be 66% (243,900) , BSP ee AEH MATT 8 Be H33% WE (13, 000~14, 500) (Bishop, 1996; Bishop et.al, 1997) . EANVABF3SERA HA, RS RLAVELH) RAIA PAORS BREE BRE KNHK. XA MMAREKEME) AORN BBR, ARAB RG BEE Fa Ria i. EBRHAAASMBARALREEREM (Kazi) MRAW (Houtou) WA A 7k FEMA (Bishop et.al., 1997) . FESR RAK, AGA AER AREA CLARA SR KA SHES. BEL HES AKRZ lA EAA SHIT AY AR RT KE AR A) EMR I AR HE TT KE, FETA DEA. BKB aR Re BRA ED, Mme IE A SA EAB W (Bishop and Li, 1996) . srAT/Al Ki, BRES AIRE AMEE UA) ApH AAS (Bishop and Li, 1996) . Auk, Hr KHADR HH JZ 5 | ee RES FRESHER VED AY Fs ERS BATE Fe BAK BU IL — A UR RP RPS PEA HE EE. KATIE RR BRR K, AA RRB MRL REREAORS HK, MARR RL. ARE TAS AE, BI fe i BEE AY A Hh A RSS A SK WE I AR IK «CAMZ: Agriculture Management Zone) , jii{T& HBS RR, RH HKAN RAR Ei, UPA SRAARNHA. SARRPKAR, RULE MKABBSTNSHA RMR, MASARBUT PIA RL AL BS TUT xe SBR 2 Fi 3 BS AO BE HEN RP a OK ERD ALN, RBG AUREL MEN AG RAL 16) TT AIC EE AY. EATS BE AR DB BERT SF REMMI E SNP AFD, ASEH LA UAL AGE RA ARE. LE, EA AGE eS AA 48 Pee & EER Ss EH Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management KE, WERE KARE ETRE BUH RMAM. ER, EASA RRAN MN KS Bh WIRE > BK. PT ME x Eh KARE AIS RES BEA ER. PVT ZK A A a) BE PRP AIAG, MOLE AT iPS aT AS TR Ae IR BE A 3 AME fel BY HL oe BE BATE WE BB ES AO BH A WE EE Rt, ae a BAT BY AR A RL BT Sd AR ML HK. S—-SF HK WAR SARANRMA EN BRAM EI. BRK BURL ALR IWS WF AK ASH AMUN SARS RUN. AAR AMBRE RMT RL, PRA NATE eh KA BASU AY AL HE SEK A ot eS eA eK 3. 1 KAS SRM WA RAR DARGIS RUA ES il KET BB; . PHKWANSWARE, PEBMEXKBHNILE: EP RHK ATMA BRM. BLEUREKESR; . EPHKARR MMAR ATRERP RRB ALE, MARRS AMRF: . FRKANMAPRLEMNACRKES, BML. RLM BPOWAHHMARURAMWRE; . BPA BURR RN, FP Rss RAEN UR A, DR RR SRR Nate; 6. HRARRARAGRARIEM, BRAKES, RLRARCSAURENHERRK (Mt VAAN KR , FHKHESRUS, FHIKANARAMEZANRRNARZEA; BalKSb NABER AFAIK BRAK USHA. 7. WATHEES3A RA, BikFRR RA. ARENA, VReReEA Se. HAAR ES RAS NA BH FAR 8. FBHKA, RILARA DEH BHF SRB RAERKANREDMHBEATIE, mA#>40% AY AR ED fs PRR Ke NE; 9. ZBRMKAFRAKRMS. PAEURENARWARECARAD ANAS EAMES, VW TRH. BMBAMAENELZRWE WR RAN AKAA)R. Bishop ALI (1996) Fr EA — SH FEE, aR Ja BEE aot BY) AR He A HEE HH aa Ke AR) eB ED. EL BB TS He ad St A HL CLR EML ASN a], DAB RB SES A BES ERR EW ARAL) Be, HENMAN BA ERE ADE 10. HB 77 BUT HR a FF DT BSS BEA HE AY PE ee A ET, FEED A B41 A318 HIM ENE TH eat, TRA A SHIKARI, FF4E2A 20H AIK HR BAKE. lL ASR KA, Pike OA AiG HAT BEAN SAS ABE SL EA He PPT CAT AL ER MiG RWIAWA) . FRA SHRA EHR BAN RE, URE TASH MW. 12. anes ASE ERPS EY RR RAS. Blin, MF-PRILABM A AT PED FE DY ELF BPRS ABE HES AH A Be a) i TB FH 13. Xf ABLE AY Be RY Mel 7k it Bk OY AR AR SH SF BE SK EA He eR REA KA AR, GOK. HMA TRA, BETHEL OT. 7K AT REIT A IRE Se Blab Ry A Hh AY i Eg 15. FESRHER ASHES ABE SL EA BaP AY7K. NH nA fF WW HN — Fame + WSR ERS BE Tibet's Biodiversity Conservation and Management 49 16. WEMBAARA (HAHA) AeA. FERRET AT, See SI RAEN Hh. FERRIES ALL EAE 5 RAE A ST Fe A, SEA HA ET pid, LW (EXE FEB MA, REG ACE ATE 3.2 eM Sri KAA A CT Al S RP SHES AGE A MEF ST BB BK Be SY Be BE AR St NY 5 HB THN J) AR Lal KR TAS eR. PRN ENIAE2~ 4 TT A, DEE rit LE EIA HE EG -CARI, AMUREN ERIE . RV aA ES HK MIAM EE CRP He PE. RRP ih ee, Mie RK SST CR AM AFL, AA HK UE RE AR SRES. DESK EAS ABR et 3.3 TABI El KAS 3.3.1 EFSRMEE 1. FFM: MAKES SSSILEBWASL. K—-WKEA30km, A300R MAE MC00~700R S ME HeMA, HERS MOS ERA K. ARNEBARBALE UKE, BASHAM ALE A Bos ee ST LEAN ASLZ la. Ub, ST LEAT IE RAKES ELE. 2WARBRAAS: 4500R Bae Al2, 00RU LARA EMRA. HREM ARP EK A 9, 680hm’, A BMBESNARMEKKEMRAUKE. BRBEREA EH A Rh B. ARMA ERAENEBRKAH, (eK -MKRAMARP RK. MASERU eS AOME— AAA Eee A HK . BESA EA PG ek BAK I RRP AAW ARRAS (Tadorna ferruginea) ARE XA ues eA 3. ER@AB: MSGR (Drolma Lhakang) ( (2 Fh788} RE) ILA PEEL (Tobing) WA A010 km WR. KNA100R BAe M00 R SARA. KAHMKADMKRR, EREAAR frp HRI (AB10km) , HABIT ARA ARK. BRK K KARAM ARE, BPABRN Ki 47 KH. 4. BRST: MARU PS (Shalu) , WHS RAUL AE 2) A 150~300R RIES AU, 000 RSE MEERA. KAHMKAARS, BRB, FNMA RA ERA K. MFRS ACE A SHS hn T HK AY A 5. 7K: Me 798) (Greire) FIRE H. (Kamba la) WO, LHS MALAEaeM, 2) 1002 3h #5 F300 R Bt SK MRE Ee A. SE HEGG «(Yamdrok Tso) AY 7K AT Fe AT RELA i F WES pk AG OL ER SES A BE SK EA ES Zt 6. RMR: ARRAWAGE (Chiteso) , HIOOKULEM AIH MB />6OOR MSEAME (RAE) CER BAILA BEA. KAM KSA, eS ILA BRK A eh 2 —. BIA RTA Ik, ERE RAIL ABM RIN3T BREA AEE, FE HD SP I So 3.3.2 BEM k 1) BARARB: KS (Aima) BIREIASTH, A200) LAY Bes All, 000~2, 100 RSEKE; 50 GRAMS HERP 5 FE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 2) WHA: MELCBIZIEM (Pintsoling) , 27> 600K Baie H1400~ 800 KSEE; 3) iB BFA: PE (Zhe) JA AAHH (Re) YI (Tashikang) , BSieS AIDES EBay 350; 4) FMW: FApHh (Shab) AAHEH, RMB RA BE200RUL; 5) ARTE: Mibpewe AB (Thubden) , MEA1OORW EA Baie AA 2002 MBA: 6) ARM: AKtKDagshuka) HO AVA, BMEBAIS AR, EAE, DESL 600R; 7) FIRES (Shalu) : BABA RABIIOON, HA MERCR2, 400~3, 500K; 8) 7B: KF (Samye) , RMBARALASMBLESOR; 9) THARB: HH CYon) RB, BABMSLASOR; 10) HEPBAKE: BAS, RBA eHT100N, AARABLEL200R. 4 Bw HRP RBS MBAR NBAMK. BRAM LENMAKHR SS, HORAAR SH DHKA. RRARKBABURVE HK, BAT RATAN. ARS AKERABAMAERP AS, AAR HIKE RM RP a, CHAR fae M ANE, Ha SRM te a Ae AT Eh LA ARP RES PGE HE AR WHHKEZERKAREFEOORPN TERRA, ARAM WRX. EBSEzMH Bishop, M.A. (1996): Black-necked Crane (Grus nigricollis). In: C. Meine and G. Archibald (eds.) The Cranes: status survey and conservation action plan. Gland, Switzerland; IUCN: 184~194. Bishop, M.A., and F. Li. (1996): Report on investigations of Black-necked Cranes (Grus nigricollis) wintering in southcentral Tibet: effects of farming practices on diet and food availability. Final rept. to International Crane Foundation, Baraboo, Wisconsin. 10. Bishop, M.A., Y. Song, Z. Canjue, & G. Binyuan. (1997): Bar-headed Geese Anser indicus wintering in south-central Tibet. Wildfowl, 48: 118~126. Bishop, M.A., Z. Canjue, Y. Song, G. Binyuan, & J. Harkness. Winter Habitat Use by Black-necked Cranes Grus nigricollis in Tibet. (in review) Liu, Wulin. (1994): An instant guide to rare wildlife in Tibet. Tibet Wildlife Conservation Assoc. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House. 140. Pik ty S FETE RPS BE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 51 ar — ~—SE i — aR KF AS A Zt 5 4 & 4 ER GP 52 ik A PEPE RIS #2 Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management POF AR TRE AS FRAN RIP RAK DS HEC BR Daniel Winkler (7840 126th Ave NE, Kirkland, WA 98033 # ) 1 ila 19984F RAED NGM. BIRR MARK KLAN RAK RA FT ol 7 AAA i B ML. TEM PUR KS A, KD EER AKA BERNE BRA. PR BURT A 4F9 FIBA, WAV ILMAN RRA, BARA A, TRB OA UK. AHS Bite GRRKESAARHE RB, UR AAT RETO. PRES RS ED S EE PR PRA. MENRKEL RRM, HWS REF A. AAUP IT lA Sc AY BU RRA MARR K. APRA aM EDSRHERAMECAT EARS. (Fe, KHPA RRRRASK 2, PARERAREEWSHH. EP AIR RAAT ii eK, AA ABBA AAA Ey Dit ERA 2 PRA RA AMMAARS ER RAR BA Ah LAMAR. Aa, PR AYR AAMT, 459k’ (4 Pa BAK Mim ARAS.7%) » (BPR A39,792km? (3.2%) AAR (RLM HR, 1992). FE DY 1) FG BAY ARAKI AR A 119,740km? (41%) , {224 42,130km? (14.38%) APR ENMK (HBR, 1987) . 6A ALRKREHEKNH, ZENSMAAKIRR, FRI BMI0K Heke. M REMADE WAR (47K EIT 1,500mm) FI) PE AL BW AY ea JER BE ZK Be FY PE AB Sk BC EE AI4E BE 7K DF 100mm) , RABEL SEWMRNEWSRENSKBALWAH. HRNRKERA Be CUNAAAR AK) ESF BE K > F500mm, AEF im BER SEA Tae FP 5 en Se th AE FF. HFBRE EMR, PEWSRHETOLS. BRAKE RTREHNERNKADHKA, R BR RAN SBE. ARRON AS RAD PAIS% (SE1, 500K. 9, O00FF) HERE (FYE, 1995) . HEPA YAKKAAHI0% (46,000 HM) DHERKK. HWKANHARER (A 9554) , ARAB RAS, RRA RPAH REAR BRAUER NETRA. BR AMMTHERMNMWHSRH BlDOFURROM ABA, ANZHKEARUFARESSAMH EMI HE A — RERED ERP KK. ea J 8 PB} AH as EDS ERS BAK, CEE, 100mLA FE a F20°CH RA Hh K, aie (Terminalia) . #2 (Shorea), *EP (Ficus) GRAK ERA) . TEXIRZE1, 800~2, 600m AUS, — A a ir AR AK ERE 800mm, AF IA BECEI2~20°C) , ER MAPA WAM #+( Bil 4 Castanopsis, Lithocarpus). MERA AAA. FERRERS EIFS WAH, (a PA HX, ZEAE SOOmMLA EE B25) AERA (Pinus densata, P. yunnanensis, P. griffithii FUP. roxburghii) . t£ IX — HE Pe PASH i, BR AS SR BY KE EA A Quercus Sect. Semecarpifolia)t8, {4B 2 ii. TERRE A AY Pik “ES FEE RI +5 BH Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 53 HEA PA BAUS BINA BHB (Abies-Picea) , TEM MEHK EE EUR (Tsuga dumosa) AIA AS BEAK ia TH ARMESRAREUKR ETM RMARAN, HPKSREABY (Hila, Picea balfouriana, P. likiangensis, P. asperata, P. purpurea, P. smithiana, P. spectabilis) . 4% (fi Abies squamata, A. georgei, A. spectabilis, A. faxoniana) , FAA (Juniperus tibetica, J. saltuaria, J. wallichiana) #% HRA (Larix griffithiana, L. himalaica, L. potaninii, L. mastersiana) , AEX (Betula utilis, B. platyphylla, B. albo- sinensis) #*4#} (Populus davidiana, P. roundifolia) WIVEAK. BAKED AR MRMRERRA. [Al BA AGES 44 A) Sth Dx 3 se PR ct) FETS PRAKASH A AC DK . FAY AZ AE RA TE Hh RR Kh, FAA ANS. MAKAAN SIA F4,700m, CHALE. PI, ARMA KAS FH (Leiwugi), ZEMW AT At (Dzekri La Pass) 4, 600mAbiE A] LAG BI PAD EMAAR. Fr RA PRAT HK A RAK ARAMA TOBE MSM. AA, KAAIOILAZMEKRI, B A. WR GEA) . BI CORR) AES RHI Tee) Pak, mA KAMER ER UEJL TERK, FRAME ARATE eA A eh. SBR, ANAT AT Ae tte {tse BEA — THA BA, RET St BRAK BY 7K SCE 2 i BS To RRR AS Dk VE Fk Dx BIB Ht AY BRAKE es FLA. PHBH (1986) SRI, ZEN PEATE A ORK ES cSt AY 2K op RA ee EH 93.8 fer Ss Ae 42 it Ae ea PRA AI. TE Re EA AE Sh, Ra ae eB LihaA Fr he. FAVE AIAe HE S BU BA oh, ATE CE AK ADT RE PETS OM. 7K UR FE BE 70 AY ak SS FR AZ REM RMEGMS ei, MERE eT eC MA, RAKPPENEWSHEAE TAKEN EARR KRhBA SARMARMENMURP. £6 Fi ie ie A PA MBA fs EE Be BPP LE TE DP FR Hl PA Bh PE A SHEAR. AN, ARACEAE. CARA al mR. Rin, ARAM EKK TE BUS 1X AE RK is HP AE TR EK HK SEE AE 0 3 Fi HL ey RRM EAS ASN FH Bi Fa i Ten RAY PRK AE AS ASCE EIB HL. KTR TS TAL, Are eR A Pa A ET RR A PA BARE AN. ALAM CAREAN GM, X—- PM EWE MAGN (RTH, 1998) . KR MN, RAKAOCONCHNNRAHM a, CHEREESHRRKAN-TABERMAR. Hl, 4B fe) APE AR ATH, TARR, RRESARRERAR Ua Ja A I FES ls BY FAME, FAK AR oR i> ATE RETA ER. EMCI A AK, REAR A mT PRE, PROKA A K RR BAR, FERRARA OLD HF ANAK ite ae tl KABA, TRE “ATM” » 3.1 BRAN JLMEZA WK RAE EDR REM AR BARRETT ARM ERIE. BSHMRAM (litt BABI A EK iRHL, FTIEMIEI5, 000a BP) (Huang, 1994), TEMBER MHEDWHKBUEK, JAK REGUKBT HEAD. AN, CEHEDWHRMAERHHRADAUA EHR RS. Bix — TERE A ETP ARM RAR SRT RAB A>. PRAM RE KT BH, A AN RA BS HRM ANAM, X-RAY Ae. ESERIES TERRE AA Tic CPLCEFA RR AHEM) A RTDRAR AT i CRS, 1998) . PERM K KS MR 7 ———————————m—eEE——<——- ~~ -— - ~ |= DAF AY BE Sk EL Bet OR BB a HT BR (Winkler, 1998a) . MARINARA A aN, Wee TEA TH St Br oie Ye AC tS BT A HK. 3.2 #RSEFN Ys HAITI FE PRKERUEA 4HMEBA ABER, EBB AIM’ A (Li, 1993) . PRR ALBEE R AEE, MARANA A. WINER KA—P RIT Pie HY A K, BREATURAIKCEA, ERAM—-TP4MA ES MASINI PROBA CA<10cm) . PREF AA BRA, RIERA HHA RRR, Tote (AEE20~40cm) TH FREBAAE, AKABEMMRARA LZ. MARWERMARERTUSMH DA. ANA KHRNMMKE, MHRA RA, MAMMEKRA. A, BIA T ESM 1 EA Piss CEPR PAH AIEEE, KAR RMKREE RH. KERARAN 2 SHERMER 8. AK ATH BAS RR Ka. AM, RE CHINMABIAREBO HK WRI HH, APNE HWAKMRRK CARD. ih, CASE Wm) AHHKNes, MACKKHWA, SRAKSH) RiKM>TKAI0O%~60O%, MEKSHHMHS GHIMTRAE®) BRAK AT i > fii Hh BIL 80% « 3.3 7K MFM LAKE MARAE ASR LEE EY ROR FAR. BET AR A Bi YS on DAR EE (EAH K AUR, SRO EK ARMA. EMPAARHAE, WHR RRA SG AWN RW. BRR ARK BATRA EN, Ai BAM NIK FFETE MII TA IEIAB). (FAH IFER-MATF RMU NATHAN a tHRS HAA UEDA FR ARK AWRY EH. KERAN ARAMA A 103,163hm’, RBAZMKWKSR aH PYKk $F (256.3m*/hm’?) WB, WKBRSH260Am’. 41997 SAB HER Ke ESB, 000m’, AHH HIK300a AN) | FR 242 (Picea balfouriana). K—-KKRARKEPFTUABAY, Ain, H—-DORRa —4e Ai. MAR PAIR RAR AY, EDO) PARA AN HEIR 40% (FH, 1993), KRAGEMKR 20, 000m?7 AEIAZI LARK. MILKRSRSM AS, Kee AK30~80hm’ LEMAR. A SHANE FA FEKA 65, 000m'/a, BUA AT MER ABS, 000m’, KAAMIEKK, WEARER Ke SBIKBS, 000M NIM FE AAKEK H0.33%, Hip Like THEA ANER. RTM, PRA RRA RAE. LE—-TPRR MAME S ASP MAA EES TF RK MOA, ARETE EET PRK BT, (BIKA K RIDA AE RES © LE RAMI EB EK FAT PRANK BH, (PA BRM, TIEN M RAGES At. M904E HSA FT be Hh jE Ka MGA BI 7hm7/a, RFA LE 19972E AA A AA 5 EAP OR cc IX — A te. Th A7hm? 1h eK PHU TEAR AI — A BBS}. ST AY Ee Ha A Re AT EO EE PS Se HET EK. IT AS RY RRMA, AIAN A RSA RRS. HMA, SATE RRNA AIER TEASE. LAMA AW EKA AEM AK SEN, (RS MMR T AUT AGI VO) I CHE HA HES 45a BAER RE a, AR ASC a eA RA I S0% , Th TAPE MATT LMR AT (ESCH, 1993; HA, 1986) . IEE BRR KARR AB IE Fmt WS Ht Ri 5 BH Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 55 AMAIA (Winkler, 1998a). PARRA AA RAMAN, AROSE See RT it EBB Hit. RM, KHHEBKKREDSHBAUABACRHRAMENEM, MHL. SLSR 7px. 4 REN RH He AT RUMRPRMKERRAAREREWMSRERE-AWMENAK. KENRKESARUYARZAG RHR MEBRARLABS) . ARARPHRMABETHANAS SE, AR RIER AHKA EE IK LD GB HL. RAEN, BRHRARRENEDSRENARHENATURUFEMA Li. BRAK CAAIL*ARARPE. AM. AYER), MAFKHAR. RALWHAKREESBMKRS-TRK RENZAGRKARPR, URARRARKRBAHTMKA-TEAWRPEK. ERA PIU VRRSARELZAPHROKRAT ARRAN RPKR, KHEARLIRERPK, AAG BASERARFKRRN-TEBAR. AN RRS BAAR LW SADE RATIE. MLR UALR (A-TPAU ARF KE HESHIEE) RUALRBRARKARRRENREPM IW. HRRARPHARS EEN. RARE ERG, BERWRXLLREEAA. RAMA, AHHRRDBANARMEHHY. MA MIEK BST Ki. KALWHFEYARMT EDR, AAA EE Ae AN HY Oe BI FR (MHABRREER) . MLEBARERATRMSESARNGESRA A. ERAN RSA REMENABHNREERARKHAR, RANARTUARY SE i as a RAF mA aKEMAMEK PAAR CARE TSAR AM RMR. KERMA ST SMU RKRAN FA. RMXAMRHTCARKRRRGRANROARSLBHHKEANAA. RULE -H, RAN SRAAhERARRACEBRR, CHERAHETRASANSA. RRARKAEEA EAA SAL, PURABRINZRSACSOREN RA. MEWABVHEKRARANRH. MASBRKE MHSVaARSMK. RRARREN BERRIEN EAHA, MARRS BM S\N. FSHESH PPB, HFROBRKERAMET ARH, MIECRELTIRRRONRK. HRI A Ie WEARS RED, AAKKHARMBREEEKTRVENMES. HWE DAW ARRAS ARKSHPR, FARERMANBRAM HIRES. THEEN RUA ANAZA AAA MAKA DARE. SHER EBRITFAMLA Ame, HT REARS EH BEE. HHS HRHESRPARNZASEFRNREE. MONK NKZAPKH CREAT. AM AW AWAHTARERSHN. REBNESMWERMRPABMEK TRA BAS LOS, PASO A BL SS FD RE TER. RLF A RRA BUSTA, FEAL) ASR HV. ERT NAME, SWAREERAS ERA CHU. MRAM KSHRK-AR. NERRABRARHEBHERABBRM, Z-FEMFRLHKREKT AAR MARRSY KX EPHRREMKCATH. RINBZARRANINY, AUMNES. NASAPRKRAES. API AR ENSSRRRADFRERADRDLH, AMPSHERRRAANSHSA. MKSRAB RIO NEI. HIM, AASHRASHAFRESRILRAA Chukpa) , KEB—-PFRAREBRKAL ARNARKAT. ERKFRARXRRRMERUMLRAE, KSERM. MRA AMERRE 56 RRMtEMZRH RS 5 ES Tibet's Biodiversity Conservation and Management PARMWATERRP RM, RAM BNMRERSKON, MSRP THRRRASERBKSSE ARMA. HR, RUAN HE, Es ARR, HART RD te ee Re 5 ew BRERA ANRKCLIRA, BESABAMEWSHREFRNRERDRAEE. RPAR-E PREM BRET, (RUHR A HE. BHR BHARECRMACREBMAN. Rit KL RAAT 7k 5 ike Te A FE ET ARR BL, ET A EW Te RRA RP iH Kan. BAEK RAE TENA. PLE MER BEM, ANCE PRR AME AR DHARRAZ—. Ri, KAATERALNSRTENASRP ARN HAM eRA mA, ANF HMRKLSAN KRAES TARP ABTABKN EX. EBSA HM Sgt FRAREWSRERERP. Aish P ote’ x MNR 95/3. DB wa: El dep, 1~47, 1995 2 oh SID ty ET KARAS. ON: Ese, 1~175,1993 RAT, WHRKABARRR TS WARE RAR WASHES RR. 43): 290~297,1998 ARLMAAS EA. RNA ee: PAA ee he, 1992 Hy EK. DY )1| PG A MD LL HH AR AK AE ASF A) EE HEL: INTECOL Bull. 13, 41~44,1986 hy EK. VY) || PGB ey Ls PRA AAR AA SBR. IL: T. Fujimori & M.Kimura + 49@.A 4 09 Al Ls Hh. 1987 # AK HF Ibaraki: Proc. Intern. Workshop (IUFRO), 67~79 Huang, W. W.(1994): The Prehistoric Human Occupation of the Xizang-Qinghai Plateau. In: Gotinger Georgr. Abhandlungen 35, 201~219 Winkler, D. (1998a): Deforestation in Eastern Tibet: Human Impact - Past and Present: In: G.E.Clarke (ed.) Development, Society and Environment in Tibet. Proc. 7th Seminar Intern. Assoc. Tibetan Studies, Graz 1995; Vienna, 79~96 Winkler, D. (1998b): The Forests of the Eastern Part of the Tibetan Plateau - A Case Study from Jiuzhaigou (Zitsa Degu; NNW Sichuan). In: Plant Research and Development vol. 47/48; Focus: Forest Management and Sustainability, 184~210 Fim EWS HERP 5 SE Tibet's Biodiversity Conservation and Management 57 Figures: (AAA iid ) Fig. 1. Spatial zonation of the forest vegetation of Jiuzhaigou (Zitsa Degu) Nature Preserve, northwest Sichuan. The forest-free patches on the south-facing slope are anthropogenic pastures (see Winkler 1998b). A—: PQ) PEALRIL AAR K RMB RE. PAR ACI AA TH FOREST VEGETATION OF JIUZHAIGOU (ZITSA DEGU) Dominating trees and shrubs North-facing Slope South-facing Slope & Abics faxoniana fs Abies emestii AR Larix potaninti x 4 Tsuga chinensis A Picea purpurea A Picea wilsonii 4 Picea asperata * Pinus tabulaeformis < Juniperus spp. (tree) ® Quercus alicna DP Quercus baronii q Betula albo-sinensis 9 Betula utilis @ Salix spp. # Juniperus spp. (shrub) @ Rhododendron spp. Y= Fargesia nitida * Graminoids Fig. 2. Pristine spruce forest (Picea balfouriana, 4100m) near Yiri, Riwoge County, (July 4th, 1997; Photo: D.Winkler). H—=: R37 2F AMIENS (Picea balfouriana). Fig. 3. Forest-grassland mosaic around Yiri (3950m, Riwoge County). The forest area is being reduced gradually by local wood extraction and pasture creation. South slope spruce forests are often degraded. Junipers (in the foreground to the left), shrubs and pasture now dominate these degraded sites. Traces of forest fires are common (July 4th, 1997; Photo: D.Winkler). H=: HIRI ARMA RHR. A4dhA PRAM BUEH, Ree a >. RNAPII. AK (AAR) . BAAR MER iw HOH FAA EEA RAR A ER DL Fig. 4. Yaks carrying firewood up to the deforested summer grazing grounds. (Riwoge, 4050m, July 3rd, 1997; Photo: D.Winkler). HI: #4FiziKHRIRMSNRERY. Fig. 5. Last forest above Gyangon (3900m), Dengqen County, in an otherwise nearly completely deforested valley (June 28th, 1997; Photo: D.Winkler). Hh: @XAPIAMIE, —P RAIL FESR DK A Sela — FRR AK Fig. 6. Slope above Riwoge town (Ratsaka) without traces of reforestation and very little natural regeneration. The former spruce forest slope is now used for grazing. (3980m, June 29th, 1997; Photo: D.Winkler). AWN: ASAFRULN WR, RAM ILPRARMKKR HAN RU. 58 GREW SHRP EE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management fe PAS EERIE. PAAR REP 4 AFR (HRERERATAH MAE 860000) MIRA K NEWARK, UEFARHERSH, BEAR, FHHSRRASAMZ, WF eH BES TR. WE PAL. TOT BOR, PBR AS RN AEMRE, MANES PHEBP RUA. MEWSHREN DE GER. DH. ESRR. BM) Ke, AW BREMEDH AHEMRURESHH. NMHHARH+ BAKA ALAS MAM. 1 PRAWN ERAS EA ie Aa a RT TORE RAE Th BAR RE SRHRAM, MARRMN+ BRA Fk, ESARRARAILY Bib SILER A UR RAE RHE. PARMNESRARERAE: UMEKINARRNKSARA: DEB RHIL PS FRE RHARERH KARA: URUSMARKRNEMAR: HRSHHRMARR. KOPP RARREKHN23UE. PCKGLKESAASHEBAGMLAAKERAA. RAR B IA, ER $a ART KK LE At PAK RLS et KD UL RE RETO ARS 2 RN & AMM KNWHS EERE AMT CK ER SHH MERE. ESRANSHATA AMMA. WH, AMMSHHERET REARENEZARH. PRAM K WHR Bae WAT, BWAAABMR MAUL, ERAMAAN TKD Si HMANRILSHE. HAE WIA tm, H30%AA, DATKA OKA. RVANHALM a, CUASERTPRYQMAR, —KSD P+ BES EK. NMSH#BHHNED ES (WARMKBRBARE) B, WuaATRBE HM, 71, 000m hnreLE; USB HST hal WACK, A800~1, OOOmihn?; Wey Rea FBLA AZAR IA600~800mi hn’, F879 100~SOOmin?; Lyd WY 3 Ti eR PRA LU. ER PRE, 325)7200~300 mh? A100~ 150m/hn’. FRIAS SL, AR RLU ER NEDA BAR OM. 3 ENS EE Pik ts ERPS BE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 59 BESHHE RHE, RABI K MWA RA EE, TREAT YE A OK ABE HA, LSA KR BORA: EERO LI RE, RAK A eR, KF, ESBARARL+ E » 3.1 IBRD SHE CARMI KEWEARRALE. BATE MA, Mew K HT WR A SM AH 133 RR Ht, HSER WHANSI%. AND Mae WH DHT K2, 400m WF ahi, Ae re SW WIRE. AeA aK TBE Wie SER MRA RESROMN SHSM CL. RA, UR AURA MARY ARtE) » AB AE HRD ARE A EE HE EAS EE AR PD FE = 20 DA RK SS Ui] OK Be BRP, HT ma LA Ar AUK A HERP EA, AK MWR TP, Bika Ss FETE BITE TL ANT ZD ARE PARHBWKAPRAB CHAR, MHARA RRM, R-TMRAAKANERE, A — Fite, SHWE F—TA BEA. RAITT. MEERA, api BE te fe MB PEPERTIE TRAE, TLE FEA RP ES oD A FE AY SR TR 3.2 iRise fe AR Pa HO He WS ER ALE: ESE AI EEE RAREST EEF RK, 4549K3, 050m ME KAIEAA (Cupressus funebris) TKI SIm, fe42m; 4 #5324, 300mHI TE ME RYE YS +E, APRA (Sabina saltuaria) KEV R19, M17; ZEAE, 900m HEB MALIAA Att, RE (Juglanssp.) WKF E26.7m, H4e2.8m; ZEAE, 200mAb, YR (Hippophaesp.) FT Bt 18m, H421.2m. FE-FMIK, BRKBAH (Abies georgei var. smithii) PKB PY 63m, f421.7m; seAAER2, 400m AMAA KB 45m, 2.7m; MEBBA KEM Tim, /422.3m (EAB 56m, fi e29mA ZK) ; KHABBAKB Sm, 423m; BUF (Pinus densata) . 461 #$ (Pinus armandi) . FF¥S (Pinus griffithii) . PAKS (Pinus yunnanensis) 4 PP ATIAS0~60m, f441.2~1.5m; AER CO) AK ES S4m, fE2.8m. HMR, BT RM (Altingis excelsa) WK EM y63m, H%21.7m; 4EA a (Schima parviflora) WAKE eS7m, ji4e1.2m; RR #& (Lagerstroemia minuticarpa) "J K2MRSOm, ft421.3m; PBK (Cyathea spinulosa) FTKER1lSm, ji 4250cem; ETT ATK BA A 80~90AF. FFAH1S~20cm, 20m. ACMA AM K Wea Ss PENA E KER. TEAR AAD ES +O PRG, ER RMARA MPH) . RH, AMREKAASED, In few tR4, 100m*ba A LAE AALS. AMAT, DA Be FE ea te i Hh is Bo RP EA LA FA PAM KNA. A “BR” MA AAMRARMAREL. ZVEPMR) , ZAUAKAMALA Br. AEM UKAAT AEM SEE WY UE TE RAR EMT AE A Di 1% TE WY EE EB RS RE BG FP AK) st AY PASH 60 7a ee 538 Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management RABE PLES -HRANESR, CHER ENSRENRAAR. MERA WHA SEAN GRES, ERE 4A) PPR, RMA HERNAN S RA A Pla, BA TWEET FNAB 4 EMSHERP PAR MIL AS ENON IE OAR RAR, Ha, IEUISE PRD 4.1 TIA BRAD HAR Fa HK A RT I BE RP: ANI. AAR RR, MASEL. MPMI, URKB RAR MRK, WP tae Se ee Fh Sai i Ae LF lH K. (EAR HSM “EAAR” RMB MW, RPMRER RET ase Ae PAG HK, “TBR A et DE HA PE 0 I SS. HRKZAAA IANA. AWA. Hh, EAM KBR. WRARMEIAM, BA WRTAR” (HEM) . BUR ERREEKS, KSSWRABRMRAIRAA, AMT PARNRAKAARK. 4.2 RIPE MRAM KEWSHENRP, HRERARAENRGANASRP AUR. ERPS ARR RS HAE RNAS, FRARRP HSA. BEVUOLHARRPE, PREVURPERSE DERE NRPK OF) APH ADE RP WA AS HESS BES TAR. ATE AS HESS KAO RB oe OR EST. EO. FE. BEST “a” FEHR its, OOOmAMA (HEMARMK, WIR ATI4 200~4 300m) ; “HR” FHL MEH K, FRM EOCCUP, TAMMELOCCUP; “FT” REFER, FRKSSOOmmU THK; “Te” HK SHER BORE. ARR. LR PRK BO PRR BERR F516 EA AO E25 6, AY BS BE R50 %, AREA. RRS, “BE” EATON. RM KNERASR AMES, — BBY RA, BERK, BEWSHERP BUR, Wek, BRA A, Sh, WHA WHEE TRADE, HOMAONRSNGHESRUR. FWEN-HPRRe HAMD, GEESRAP AAPM RE KS RE PRE EAR, tI KS ESRB KRKSWH, MPUASNHURA EM. BVA NPD RUE SiN AS, DLRP ERNE S EE. Pa et SEER 5 EH Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 61 Fa ek 4 Th IX FRIAS RAY A UA Re SB Br FR (BZAMILAFR, IN 350000) 1 RARE BRK PORES HDRAMK2—. RH BRERA, BRN RKR AROS Ak, $B IPRA, RANT RATE, AEA Er a CE RAS. PR ARM AA717 Ahm’, ILA ES AB20. 844m’, AAAI. 84%. RKHRELHAA, SREESHR fl. KH, LH $2 till Be A BRAK A439. 8 hm’, ILA BRH13. 644m’, PAISHHAt+-iAR OM. HEOwER GBEEHA—, AAD, HP RHA. —REARP MMW (-M41s), SeHB RRP EE ORR AI/3. FORM AAKAREBR POAEMAMNMS HK, KERARMMH264 Ahm’, RKB BS. 8212 m, SPR ewe iAA BRS64.6%. RRP, ARM R200hm’, SeHkK Ame eH 94.7%, FARA BAR BS. 4312m’, SABAH. 5%; PP RAS. 6(Zhm’, SAR MRA.1%, PR BRE. 332m’, SMBS. 7%. | ERA LIS, PSR A13 Ahm’, FAH ARH4.9%, BAB. 155/2m’, SRBABAL. 75 %; AC. WRAP AR2500hm’?, HA RHARAI4. 7%, BABS. 64m’, FABRBNI7. 5%. MRL, BRN BRS. 682m’, SABASBN64. 4%; 440.97/Zm’, 411%; FAAK1. 9412, m?, 422%; PAP AKO. 19/Zm’, 42.2%; AAst0.03144Zm’, 40.35%; Bw FKO. 00371Zm’, 40.04%. IEA DL, Pa CASH K) EBAMHRESE. ARAMA. 2 FRA IEA FA UK FEAF RUSK, CPR KPARHE, ERBRKREARAHMSU RS KRMRARWEKA BAF, MILT HEMACEIA, MILES RAWKE, RATER, MBIT LEB - AILSOOR AM ALERT. RSM K RE AWRY ST PLA KIER, BR. AL, MBE AL PRAM HK. MIUARS RBA RBKA20Z A, KOMARMA GIN PRA. HK P4R, A PAARIASAR, HRN PRL PEF SOR CHIR F195) , MIME FIER (LMG) , BH BTI0ERK. MHBBRLAEWATL BARI, 2002A, ARMS, 00007. 0S EKAUTEP BRAM ORR) 5000m. KPT BBR LAW 300Am’, B CR) AH YF. 4~WRAAAMEP 200A m’. 904ERRUK, SH KET RR RRKIS~18 Hm’, FIHRRMKA i 2970~90 Fm’. ERS HKRMKAGMIRARKELZA: OATRK. BHitwRK. HREM. HH; OBAMhin,. AFRSMKNRMIOO LAE ARK, ARM, AN. 34% (A). 4 RR, NAMA NRA AAA, BIER —ARS. Pr PP RS AS Re A A Rt BANA (#21). 62 PoE S PER Ss EE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management FRAMED A, ROR, BRR. OR. RRMA, APRS. MBMRKKNALK pk, RRR ERR 48. 8%, FRARHHATR(N55%, MATH APRA. 3%; BARK AA AZ RR IA40%, BH AIRES. 5%. REMK SALA BREAL. 151om (ABMALK, ARF), HPI, mK Bh, tPA BAA. 08(Zm’ (EBABH. AB), ABRR BAI. 66%, SO. PRRBHEL. 5AM’, A H5. 34% KAMARA) , PAAEKRAI. 72%, FRR. 34%, FER. 38%. SAG ER ARATE RAY Ba IAI9 Fm’. AL, AT Rew) ARMIN. ORAKK. MH KKERRHAM, WR. FHA, GRNRMALAEBAN. MERKPUEESARM AEE REALE, RIMM, RRAKRKA. ZHARAM TM. OARKE. MHRA. HH. DHS. FF Pa A AURA, ARTES SERRA, BOMAREKMRRKEARS. #1 AMR SHAH Table 1 The percentage and volume of natural decaying forests Fim’; % PYF +, Re Be wK Sue Bue RK BH ORK CORE aM RS RAZ Ld ic BBR 6911 162 297 671 1180 50 v4 453 11458 ei va fae 4.15 0. 90 1. 85 a. 43 0. 09 0. 11 1. 02 38. 66 SE RAE 0. 40 0.26 0.30 0.28 0. 26 0: 18;5 40. 040.22 O84 BERKSMK ALR KEDFRABRERE, KOREA 19GF OH RAMANA RAL. RAS ARE BARE. 15(im’, WARM BL 495m’, FER S25. 7 Am’. KARAM AIA K 35%it H, WAP RAI m’, mA RST ARTA CHA. BRI. ODMH) AS. NURIEEP RR A3~4 77m’. ATI, MARA EM MARA (R22, #3) . 322 4614 4€3 Table 2 The annually net growing rate of forests % SFP AH Be FAK Hil FA eu LL HS HEA att HER RE YM FS FRA aK al Be fal ARR 1. 04 1.14 1. 16 2. 65 4.93 5. 82 3. 85 2. 98 fe Hit # 0. 40 0. 26 0. 30 0. 28 0. 26 O18. P0804" © 90.820" 'G: 34 PEEKS 0. 64 0. 88 0. 86 2. 37 4. 67 5. 64 3. 81 2. 76 1. 38 PMewK Ms, WILK BABES. 821im*, EK. 32%, 4EKRAO. 1164(Zm’*. HE BAA ZK F350, RUPE K 389.550’. Mek ARS100MAA, AA, RRA REK AK FHBHE. Any, Pam CCH AMASHK) MRAM AAPA, MAMRK PRE RIAA. BALE TURASZIRA, BOTAN HP CMW IEMA, PU EMAEN MA ih. ARMA “B= Rm” PROBA, MATH SIRAS. WILE RAD RRA AHR) HE, AEP LE, RA f£, JLFSFAE TRA. ABER ARMIRANIER DL, RNR AACR. FAR. tH BS. Bi. ARHESARN HA, RRA RRAMAL, SOM). BUR. FLA A sins 2 FA) A A — AAP EE Pai CASH K) BRAUER IAD K, (mime k Ma, HALOSHWAT RPRaKRM R, KARAT EN ARK. ZGRKFRRE, 50~0FREZRI+ERR RAL, ASN SY Fe et ty & FEE TRIPS BH Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 63 AME, ERK ALIRZ AE RTT SHE DAT. HEIR HES SEP ZEB RE 20° DAF He tr, CRM AR—AE5H0~100hm’? RF. HF RGR AK, Ba TC oR AR, Fea Pa th Be Be AK, (ABD, DAT, HA, LEAR EER TEA. Fab, HAASE ATER he ta th hE, EMRE, KKM Rie, BAR AA rie ak HE. 3 BRAEKS5+4€SBTable 3 The growing rate and volume of various trees h. %. m PY FP AK BY AAR SLASHER HA PRA Re Var FA RAZ # fal hig fal FEAREL 587 289 87 182 476 66 95 ae 2009 Sie AK EH 13.68 13.27 9.31 12.36 15.13 12.31 18.49 -1RG eee AK 252 1208 753 6586 125708 14247 2265 7702 158721 Pie HK AE = 455. 85 5. 53 4.21 7. 80 G85 5 GG BETS 5. 59 6. 74 BIKE 265 4694 212 72946 183155 8504 11882 61270 342928 i AK A 3.17 Sa12 — 4. 08 4.55. 4.00. 4°77 3. 18 4. 34 EK 5168 399 — 15668 166958 2326 6554 13299 210370 BCFA AK 1.60 1. 62 1.56 2.61 2,52 992935 sd 46 1. 84 2. 03 /EKH 150569 57624 18307 52532 102940 3766 84025 50758 520521 i AK AK 0.94 0. 96 0. 85 0.91 1. 06 1.472 os 22-17 0. 98 0. 94 4K 559577 120727 15119 30256 6467 278 137: 1906 734467 Re AK 1.04 1.14 1. 16 2. 65 4,93). 95.82, «3:85 2. 98 ey Atm 715831 184652 34391 177988 585226 29121 104863 134935 1967007 KE 95.50 92.07 92.06 94.09 95.44 91.18 62.49 Sa. a8 9. ae TE: RLU. FEA, ASR AAMA. PRAS, HRRAERSRAMR. Mmeata, MRAM A, RRS AS, DIA. WRARAKR ERASE iis, HEAREFABRE, EDKAREAR BCH. AEA, WRK, BI HMKSIG, TINPAPE TIE. ZEA, 100~3, 500mAZEHE, A717 (Sinarundinaria). #&¥SF (Rubus) . #2 AK (Sambucus) . =) (Urtica) . #912 (Chamaenerion) FHEAKAR GEEK, “44 ti REBNIA40% ~60%, 2~3alei PLACA: Abe mH. 7E3, 500~3, 800m NK wee, ia FE BEE PL (Rosa). TEHX (Zanthoxylum) . Fei Ll Hill (Salix) . LBS (Rhododendron) “#9 IMA, FTE RMICARSS, JUL AITIAAERKER RR, RMA ROBERAR HBR. EMOARADMENAAMH, HRBPAEKH, ANORAR HR. TE, SAA BRAPTAZHA, BRASH. BHKA, BRR PRK. AMARA, SBA MAE, WAKA, HRA RA HED KE PUR RAIAM EK, Art RSI REINA BRAK BE URS FT ATE, ETT HEY PG AL BF AS Sl 2 HAR KK AGN AR eA, tA TA. SILAS RHEL, SCT SHAD Ae FA OE URI A ARR Ok Het IMO HE AG RR. MRA ARE, DER A PRR EUR A ART BAAS CRE AA FBT BOR AS CBA PK We RMA RA ARE, eR a aM RAR A RSM. RRURPALE, GHAI QW, TEPER SRP CMM KA, MER, SHAK, FECRUEPR DR UREN A HORE A BE AS TD AY, REAM ARMA, ATA ash. BAH. SHUR AIT RAM RA 64 PGS FE Rp 5 FE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management SOFRRKAR, NAB RRMAHAR. FERWAM. RAR RR. FEAWRRS. ik HARP, KEMKEFARMRASKRKDTRA: HAW. SFHUADERARKZEH. LAK, EFRAARRARHNEP, Hine e ea. EEA: 1) RAKK. KBMATCSHA. RESABAAMWLE BVM SREB, ROT AS WAT KH, RAKK. KBRAKGE FR, MACE, LP REMALERRRAKK. KBR 4. TBAB gee PRATER 2) PRLSERH TESS, ARAMA A AIRS, ALEPH LEA fet — ZH OG 3) Aldine EMM TANARE. 4) HFRSEAS, MEMBER ati, CKHESARRP KANE, RP RREVENAR AGHA R. 3 BRR GE IR EN ARR, PGR CASH) PAB. UREA: MKARAR IK, SRARAM ADR HE, RKARSHAS TARE. MRRMKRRSROCKABRER. BUMP IN -ARABEH TH. BAKRA. DAMIER EM, CHRMEMME S—AWAEH. BR, Ame RHR KARGIA RRP A FE. MSM K B16 FRKEKUUK, We. TAMU AR REE, SEMRAPLAENS YW, SARA LAG, VRS, ARKH, EPRSARMA. TSEK, MR. TART TAI TLARMNAHRR, HRS T (RAR RRR) GERDRAE) COME ARMED FS, K RIFSinM, MRT RRARSH, CRAKRRERL FAA LAARRAEAM RR. RKRREA WEI IEF RPE T ARP 3.1 ZUBREMHRAZERNY, BRARSRLEAMAR SREB. BTA BARERIERRERK, RRA SHEER ADUE FEA eS AF KRARAGE RH . AEARBUHE, FEM K REAR T PALABRA ALA BIRT, BLA AL BRERBORA. AN, Hh. SUES MIANAREBA Ria y TAMARA. AAT, Ath KARPIAM OMA bm, MIKB LE, RET BEER. 3.2 BST MIRA RMA. FMA ANS RAS LE AAS. BRAMWIAE. ERARR, FREER A A, PRAHA RP RI, & EDRGA ES BRERA Miah. SER, HRM PME REN SA BHT TURE, JER AA HR. PL. BA. RMS ERMUREMKERART URIS EM, KER. Bis SAK ZAR. BERR EME ENAN, BIKER Sess cL AARMAEA. MU ZEN, MRASRLAP RU, WET AER. 3.3 BRA A LEME RA Se LE Be PG AE & ETE RAPS EH Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 85 PAAR ERANAM, CAMA MARMA RUE KBARA, ta BF He A SLA IE Ht Jo VERA RSET RAK TPE HK RRR LEP MASA. ESM KMERABKRD, HERA RM KE. HERA KE AAR, WR AKER, HERA KER, TRH RAKE, Mie RR 4EFllLA- BOA) , BVP RRM, LTERKG. BBN DASiah, SMB “MBALE, RRR” MATE, BRAKE LT BUF HE Hil. 3.4 FS AMARA IF AD LEB, PRAT IRA IX KRM ARLEWMERD MG, MRK EA, “BRAT MR MARA BT UE till RE. EAE ), EP PMR ARB IT PARKA, fe SHES AS CPR RRA, PMLA, RARKME, CRAKE, HTM EH. AN RNR ABA. REP aA T A HN RRB HCH, HE SEP. FH, PI. AP. Pe A a), PERS ALMA, FPR ARTUR YA FES BA Ee BI SE A 3.5 MRM AR TBS MAPA S HULA SPA Ee, LE AKAAN BREA, eRe RN -RERAA. MILES AMAA MEE E TERABM, RMA, MA MPIZMAT A, RET RMA TR FPR GUE P AVE ATE FA 3.6 WSCA sB Rt E+ A RIP Se LIE SEO SALEEM KAI EP AA TABEN IE. HER, CKO PRERK, BAMTUPILALE: -EMKERAAAE, RAROMRPREDWSEENUE; SHAE HME, SHELF EDWRPERELABIEM, 1989 TA eT “RP EER NOaTME” ; SRM T CATE LAME, Pee ea; Det hwmMRT we, x SRP A BED DT fn LDIF TPE AR. BEAD REP eS ES T BK 3.7 ERBSME TRA RAB. BPMAAAMASACWKA BAe, SPARE, JALAN. PABA CA MHIEKAR, BA MRA RP AK OT RENE SB, WKAR RRMKAGN EEL, MILT ORPRIAK, UF RRA SA Et, AAI AR BRAK OE UR AY A BE AAA. PRE ACHE. 19964 HK S St De BAAR Od 1 DER AL ABBE LH HRY BRAK SEAT PK ABR, BIA ASAP LT WK AR AS RL TPE a DR 3.8 AAAR SUMS RABANSHLE 198647 PKS Hy DK PRM fay IL UR, KRAFT UE A AK. TPR. ERIE, RR ALLER. ATRHRKRAEH. HURKSANK, CH RAE Kah. se C1 a=0.067hm’). FA P5007 Ba PAYS AR IM TY MBL ae, HEE TT RAN A BE PAY ACI 66 im AEWS HERP 5 FE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 3.9 321725 BA tRIP HPSHEARRPKRANARARRPEK, RABRKRARRP RK. KK SMR. 265hm. FS GRROMASERA DANA RR RIK AMA ESAS. PRA Ba er. RB ZK ARMED REM MU REMS HERP A BREE, MAMFMRSMARARR. RPS BE ME SHS. HORARRARRRABESM. HELLA URE he XK RRA IRF EDS ERI KIM x 48 (BREE BRS WA PD 1 BAAR HEIL AIRG HR SES IL P PRE RTE AA. PATTY SH. KAR. RE, RAT AK, FHKMERBHRMAAKHKSHK. KHOR, WEAR, AER, AYRES K QRANREARBLh kL, AKRAM BRERA BRISA, xX KBAR, MRA, BARNETEAUREE A. S-PIQSURAT~16°C, *ER47kK 8400~2, 000mm. MAHFHEARAT, mB AIH URED S, SREB RRER AMBER SKIRGH KE BD AER. 2 PRAT AE A Kuk 4 HK A ARK BRB IKS.461Lm?, HAS WK NO2%, HREKHN4O%M, RKB MW. BAS KA. MHHFEMKRAREHKARG, MKEMECRE, RAEKNAK, -HRARMAKERS 334m>, Rema SAMA IA3, 000m’. ERA MM APA He KB IA3~15mm, “Amy KIA10~100mm. HH HAE LAMA RE RHEKS. PPMRARRALE. AILAWE Bi CAMA RW AION. 1,106% . 3, 768%. HH, RA FM41F. 1088. 369%, AFHWIE. 15B. 354, RTH W1O2F. 983/83, 364% (#1). GRA KHAMEWATFAM, SRM ERAHN68.2%. RAR CMNI0RH AREY, AKSSOWEK. eA L, KP AORMS RAW KAARMOREP. RERHHMEK, ERGHRAWHARS SMM Rl AUSWK5S HA CH KAMAL Table] Comparison of flora between Great Gorge area with other regions Kil Kvk FH FGA ee 4 eats Rt IR FH} Ft ik ‘ity AOR YY es ‘iis BRED 41 108 369 47 4 2620: 44. 12% 413 52 993. ATED 7 15 35 9 12 25 7 16 51 10 41 193 KT ED 162 983 3364 185 1365 3606 163 1160 5515 291 2946 24357 Bit 210 1106 3768 241 1471 3893 214 1302 5979 353 3210 27150 A A 97 396 1282 <: ORA RAT RER, BREF (HRAMNERAMKASRAWEA) ; OKRGHKADE. BR. PARED AA 98%. 85%. 63%; @AMBUMKAWE. A. PASH SAAS IASI S%. 35%, 14%; O@AKMAMK PRA MHD. a. FA Kw A Hh KS LA BS FH A46%. 36%. 34% 68 Fem EWMS Ht RPS BE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 2 AKASH K+ ZMMAD Table2 Vegetation types in Great Gorge area RAD Sy Ae Fl BEY Sb Ste iE ERBHH Ti HERA HK 800mLA Fs HER, EMER30~40m, MFI, ARR. PRR, FRBUH. RRR. RAH UR. ZAALARWKM ERA, NEMA REEWEE RMA BK 2600mL F 0 HAR, FH20-30m, MARA MHA, MAI Bi. He. Be. HH. AK GH, WE, MR. AER. WARE. BS | EL ES ZEEE A = af is Sad HK 1800~2400m i%j20~30m, 4~5FA lalate eat AM. we BEN ARPA HK «= 2000~4000m HK, BATE, MAMRMERIA, RE, m4~ LK 20m MPTP = 2000~4000m REM, 6~30m, AAKMMRAY Hh. HEL i, FAK 1500~3900m “UK, f=j20~30m mules. RRS RAZ BK 2500~2800m j30~40m, HHA BIRR BR BEM 2500~4000m 44K, i30~40m KEaH. NHB bk 2000~3400m “UK, i20~40m PamHA. BAA FEM HAA 2800~4000m 9 AEPKELIEAT, BRM, 20~30m RAY AZ HK 2800~4500m #4, ij20~30m A BREMEN 3500~4800m mi2~10m ERS BRHMEM 3800~4800m 2~4m, SLID A A. RA PAE YR HE AA 3800mUA | = 2~Sm, PAM BA. Hp SAE YAH HE A 2800mU. E = 2~Sm, MAH, SARI IK. =. WR tte eR = §=—3000~4000m = l0~20cm, mi hE45%~80% HS. KER, Re iia HE BR 4300mLA = fe 15~30cm, Bi fF20%~40% Ae, flys BEE Be A 3000m#Z#A Ss I1S~20cm, mi RE50%~80% A, Bae RHEE Be A 3000mzzA = 10~25cm, BETO%~80%A RITE T= Ate Sa 2400mLA FS 50~80cm, me BE80%~90% A. BR. Bae 1 Be fe] 4200mLA F = ]20~50cm, i BE80% WH. Ba. BBR Ly St 5 fa] 2800~4400m fl0~20cm, mi fE70%~90% BAK, GH. £eSRS ey He A] 4100~5000m jm20~35cm, #mi/F80%~90% FETE. ARK, Hk OKA 4800mU Et KF SR AURA HK AAT RM AMAL WORM, GR22, MATRA WS, AMABW20F, G1, 500 RA. REKSOMU LN WER EH, BARE OWN A. BKM SAY, RE Brie OA a, JURE TT ABER ARAM (22) . MST APES RRM, RAFESVNESAE, REBRENDHREEA, REA ARS RAED TAME AR” . Pa A WS HER Ss EE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 69 AK EH BRA AA FS RRO EAA, KA AT RS Yee ld A A DP, KAMA. Glin, KRAA PHA AAD, 282%, Fi“kK Se WAAN34%, MOWABREAR PHLRMACADRA2TH, BKAEARPAW0RM. AKKALSEWMH EEN, LHR Rw SpA Pl, PALEY ts Ft Be AP He ae GA KZ FIR KURA Hh KA KLAR A Ji ea PRAKASH UR, ABTA AY BAS RE TEA ABE AWESStE. AAMC RMET EER ARB AR, —BROGR HERS. Alt, Baa PMARAASAR NR, MGR — WA RR NP IA BR 3 EMS EMNE PIRW 3.1 ENS TER PRP ELK Hal, AUS AS ER TESA A INP, ERR T UP: 3.1.1 ARAM AEH PMSA RALATS DRAB KAP OD RRR RPL ERA SBR ABE AVES 2—, FA ES Hh T RAK RARE ARM ARN LEE, MRPEDS HERAT TARA RHE. 3.1.2 EP RHITRRARAMARA EM, JER BMKS RMB RA SLE ale SRN RORBESH RNR Ria, SALMA AAA REM. SH eRe BRA. AWEKRARA RAS, ARS OME. ALRHEKRES. HUM Sia REAR EM» 3.1.3 JRA E BAP LEADA Lil SESE, Hosa MGR T BL. RARE, AAMT aT PL. LAR Yt ea RR A UR A IE JL AE aa). 3.1.4 EX KRMSERAD ANZ TATE ARK, MARS WRAP AN PD tp PL HE RRP KARP EDS HERE ST RABEZ MEA 3.2 EMS RPM MS WRN 3.2.1 FMSHERPSRRABRWDFAAAR PME ESE PE EIA ie) URS, Wee. HAR. KAMA KA, RRRMKREAS AN RP, CAE ATR LEM EP Be in AK, BPR RAIS A, SER EE, ING AN SH, FRAT ih, RARKABRAHAS, MMR BAA SRP ARE. 3.2.2 SMS Http SMW TRAM PRL BY 5 BE EIA “RE BE RARE, TE. BA. eR. Ba CB 7 MAMAS F KAAS 70 Pat Ss HER 5 EB Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 3.2.3 MSP SRMAE SE Hey REPEALED AEE EY GIR RSE. URS HOEK PRL P= TIL EA AB RIG ER fk. HK ORL, UAE HHA RHRMKARS HAR. —MAKEMERRIK, HeAHE oA, IRIEL HE, BARRED Rt ARE, MAK SAA LIRR R ERM: Pe AY FE REE PE, RR DAR, FERPA. FRSA. RSE. PRLS HPA, EBSA, MMA URAAFTEPEDSREM PLA. 3.2.4 EMSRS: AMS RP SHARE EHRAN. Alt, KHEWMSAHRP UAT EER RRPAERE BA MMSE LE. WEE EREE, SRE SE, BILAL. ALES RT ADSRHEMIBER Hy, MEPVIEHE. SRAKNSRBRIVARRA. SOO, WKH AREWSREEP HBR. 3.2.5 £mSetteP 5SUKRAKRAE SHAMS ERP WS UKAOBRA RHEE. KRUKAIRGHEK A WP BA, “Shh HOHWRAER HRA. MINRUKRAARHRAA, BH POR 4HAONAERE, FEW SREP RA ATA BIT. 3.2.6 £MSHE RPS BARK IZ StH WAIRE IK ASS BR RPRAMOM AMHR, CLE NEWUAKRE APY (AF RA4*+ BREP REN) MKB AREPR. SHUECAREPKHROKABSHK, BVROKZIA NER. ANKUR, CEEWHRARAKS, HABEKS, HHFRRANSH HIE, HEKEMLAE UPR IAEAARM ED, FCORRPLEBLE SM. 3.2.7 FMS HERP S BMRAKAIE Fw Hh KA AR AK SES RATER RAH LA” , MARA RSS ER, CHPMCHTtRAIRSARSUH AME. Ak, RNRVARRSRRAKAA SHEESH KRIRMAE, HAAAKHERA REEMA RR. ERSA MAM Sede RS. PERL PL KES RK A. IER: ALR RHR, 1992 MSAFS. GRORAEDWSRP. Item: PR ALHARe, 1993 RRS. GRAKHARAB. IER: PEM, 1993 AR AGKtMheE, BRAK BP. BRAK MAR Ite: BE HRH, 1994 Fa met WS ttt ki -5 BE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 71 AE Sek th LAUR SS Ht KA ROR TS RAM DS tea sl Hp At (BAL Be HAA MEP, «GHA 650204) 1 Wa HES RAL AUR 1 F aA BR AREA, KAVEILA 29°15’ ~29°47’ , RA 94°58'~95°S0'H IG A CPRShieilK) . SZHNRESRHLTALN, RARBRAS, ABA, CURT HB MHLAMR S$, ANECRESBFR RENE RRM ARAl (ok. BEM. SR, 1987), AWS ii, EKRBBK1,100 m WF RRR AATRMAK. ATEKERKHURKKRAHAKAHH VE7ATHK, URW. A. RATSRRRE, RPEBREDMAHNRD, EE AM TM (Altingis excelsa). —-5#%4= (Terminalia myriocarpa). /)\5%3< kK (Lagerstroemia minuticarpa), Fi\#5 (Castanopsis hystrix) FUN FE*§ (Castanopsis indica) SARA Ra ARM CAR, RMA CHAAR RAR. 2 FURS HT MBN A 2.1 AAA 4 bh ER TBA I RAR EER. BRANDES, ESC BIKL10,000km AY Hose A RARE 10,000A. (en FIX BAIR AES AE ALGEIN, BER RAS. FASE RoE. RAEKU AA. AM, HMB, HRB HRRAE, HRI ARR. MEE WARE, MARR. At, SERAKEWAMRKE. HARA 4HERNEEME, K A20~30, fiA5~7 #. 2.2 BARS i PAM LL AK. Ha. KRARSRSARRABRANA -EBAR. HHEIVSOF MAR, te SKMRN WAR, EPALAPKE RM TR REMRA. EAM AP, BEAST a) AD HE B, RMB KE 3 FA Tir BRAK EN UK © TR EF 72 xy) {rip 5 Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management ZED FAS He DX Be AY SN ER EA IC AE A PRR LEDS «CD. REDE AK HT. H. ROMA, 1986) HTH. SPFARARAAAARMHANRHRE AA, Apr sl eRe HBRAMAR, THERES. FRA. 3.1 AAAS AME RRE RS ATI AKMBABKERRRE, KABOOM, 4504824 HEY al BWR: MBSRRAMEK TP KALI, RREPLER(EBLERK), ATRBNBAAE, BRILP AN RARE Kk, HRREBA-HEKMRNAAAPR AD OH I eS (Setaria palmifolia). JE YAR T( Miscanthus nepalensis), $£3(Saccharum arundinaceum), *& (Themeda villosa) #\#% (Carex eminens) F, UR—+e IR SAMA, zk AREF (Saurauia penduana) FAULK CTrema orientalis) BIW, CHR ARE EM MBRKREK. HEMMATREEKME, PRK, BRREKANRENULRAKEA LAN % (#3). SIo—WMR: HAR (Musa balbisiana) RANKS EKME 4~6 2 fe, FRRAAMKBEKBHURMDA, BREAN, ASTRA KAS, 120 3$7K (Pouzolzia sanguinea). *R-¥ 7X (Oxyspora paniculata), \ 38 hK (Trema orientalis). $ N¥48 (Vernonia volkameriaefolia). K4E7K AR SF (Saurauia punduana) . —aK3 (Ambroma augusta). ith BE HHER 7S ele ARH BE ANI], AERA CRE) BARU REA TWA S. ZERE BREE PT EWURARRHRA, VHRRRKEKERSPEKRE, ANAM RE-RN. A UU, FERRE AMT RARERA AAR, MR—-ALS PAH. FARA HE, RAEN ABE. db, HE ANZA — eo Re LARA ATG CAB A te BY FE HT SE A EE SIUM: SPAM MKS KAM R Ath AT BE, KAS~10 4 Ja, SPAM AP IEHEA), Bn FA (Macaranga denticulata), # M+ ¥&(Ficus semicordata). %3e%i(Tetadium impellucida). ji XK(Albizia sherriffii), '] T P(Altingia excelsa), 454(Edgworthia gardneri). #1 357K & ( Pouzolzia sanguinea)S, GEKE-HHNME, FHERBA. HH BAS SBP. LAUT KS ATH EMEA KE, RA MDMA IRR. SOME: ARATE KAIS~20 Ja, MRR=EVRHH-CRE AWRBALOM TAA. BANA, HM FERS BR. POP. PRAM. JEYARIAA. 7KAR EE (Saurauia punduana, S. griffithii), - RR AUBA TRSARH AA (A6) . —H#2 SPAR HEA MILA A (Psychotria calocarpa) . BRIA (Psychotria yunnanensis) 7 18 tH ORE Heke. — HE int BA Me AY BE AS 48 ON Lecanthus peduncularis. Elatostema rupestre . Sarcopyramis nepalensis, Nephrolepsis cordifolia FAmMGAR. tor, —H2RRA AIPA Ela ta wth Fra tH BR SOUR: RMRRAKERMMAD AKAM KR 25~30 Ja, RK RAAF RAE (Terminalia myriocarpa), ST § (Altingia excelsa) FEN RE (Castanopsis indica) #i#—PHEKARANRE, FAEPHERA. HhWHPRAMH. MHF (Ostodes AmtEWMsS HERP 5 FE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 73 katharina) #14, (Gynocardia odorata) FBHiBREVE. RRRSHEKARAURRAAIAE Bi PLEA IVE KP. BAM: AIMED HRT BL KAGEAO FG, BE NO AR, RS REA TR IL. EK RR 49 (Calamus). RF (Entada) Flatow (Tetrastigam) URMRBSHNERWRAHBSS TREK AA. WN, ERR BAC CEM. BNA MER, KA5SO~OOFRRERREAIKE (AB). 3.2 BAAR NBR RRS UE ATF ZR A BRE EUR IRA HH, MEH SAK, UR AR ERR RES AR, HERE. Hite. RARSTORBMA. KREAREMAMR, ERAMAN RRA S TREN RR, MARS LF SRAM NE RE A, RAAAARIEMMREAMAA. COAK RRSP, Bt RIE RARED, ERR PMA Rie eH EIR RKRMRAEK. Ak, Care et MDRAAA Rs MHRA ERK, HARB OMAAMM RHA. SB—BrER: PEFR (Alnus nepalensis) tz AM EX REBREZE LRARKSA RAR, BRRRKMERABHY ARH, BA KE M). Auk, AmB, BRM. WRAABRAMARANADEKMER, WEAR A (Alnus nepalensis) (Sharma & Ambasht, 1984) BRAC MERA. HSA Beam EAR. RA, BY ILY RJR, MAH. BAW. BOOMER: KIARA (Alnus nepalensis) #1hF5EM EK FF JEYARHEARAEKIBIR, KAION~ISEWIS, ERA RUE RIAA RAP MT Be DE FAPDOWIF. H. BE. APR REFSRH, VLINLAWERKAY, ARRAS Pt, MERRARY, SRN ATA (Oyspora paniculata) AKF, WAbimMAHALW (Maesa montana), ’%&) (Oreocnide integrifolia) . FHF JE RBAEKRR, HAROWERAMHPHEUKBEK, PRR RA RA RREEA SW. H-PREA PIAA, PRE RERRA ARS: RBS RURPH PPR. WRT RR. PBAKSRART KARR, Ra -FAMRABRE. A-AUATAMHBARA, SP BT ICA AY 18 ea Fk i Pe) ES DR A fd SR Ah FA AAR FAK (Alnus nepalensis) FLTC FEET S=UR: RPEBRESHMRAVER bia RRB RE, KACE20~304F La, HH RERRPHEL SS, TR. RMU. BR. WRT R. (Castanopsis indica, Castanopsis hystrix, C. wattii), RAKE. Rite HRA, FEMUR A AA ER A EE RY Be — HE EE I] FH WD tn Piper —_— Liparis bistriata, Aeshynanthus bracteatus, Rhophidophora decursiva URV¥ERARAWS hI Mn. & A fh WAmischotolype hispida, Pollia hasskarlii, Commelina paludosa,Lecanthus peduncularis LR Bea sikkimensis5t6, WERE RAE 74 15 AES HER Ss BE Tibet's Biodiversity Conservation and Management 1 RERERSFIND SAME PH BIL Table1.The changes of common trees in the communities in different secondary succession stages BY [8] 10—15 20—30 30—40F = 40 FUR 50 4EW Hh Bi A, dh mR RKAA (5 KRG, BK BLM, FiFB » SMI, ote RE), SE KARAS, RA, HR, KAM Pa Fe HEM, KAMIE, HE WAR i Bit, @RW CARRERA it #84K (m) 60~1150 600~ 1000 600~ 1150 600~800 700~800 HERE C° ) 10~40 15-35 10-40 25-~35 30~35 FEY AR (m’) (20x20)x8=3200 (20«20)x8= (20x20)x8 = (20x20)x6 = (20x20)x4 = 3200 3200 2400 1600 HMR Poa aK (%) JEyYARtEA 85~98 25°50 3s~20 5~10 0~5 Alnus nepalensis Bal TA : 5~10 10~30 20~30 20~35-25~35 Altingia excelsa FRR Terminalia myriocarpa 0-2 5 a1) 1035 15~30 RG Castanopsis hystrix or C. indica 0 or 0~5 5~20 S~25 10~20 wattii etc. 0~2 Bw wie 5 5-10 5~10 5 Engelhardtia spicata 0 aA 0~5 5 5 0~3 Betula alnoides OZ WRT R 5~10 10~30 5~20 5~10 Ficus semicordata 0 RAK 5~10 5~10 5 0-3 Albizia sherriffii 0 5~10 SAE TK IR BT = 0~5 0 Saurauia griffithii 0 0 Kitt 5% 5~10 0~5 Cinnmomum iners 0 0~5 NN RFE IB 0~30 0~30 0~30 Lagerstroemia minuticarpa : o~2 10~15 MEA . 10~25 5~10 5 Ostodes katharinae o~5 10~20 pee 20~35 5~10 5 Macaranga denticulata 0 0 Rl td 0~5 5 5 Erythrina stricta HR 0 0 Elaeocarpus petiolatis 5~10 5 5 HAF 0 0 Podocarpus neriifolius 0~5 5 5 FFARR 0~2 0~3 Evodia arborescens 0~5 0~5 0 AE 5 # Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 75 SOME: RIBAK (Alnus nepalensis) KRiBY FR 30~40 4F Jer, Be fe A BY Ji EA PS YH JET A FAR Ea HE BK ALB HORA AE te ae PASE A. FREER WBE TK AS OF TAT. TS. POPE FRM. BHRRURWREAAENRAK. ANE MLLER aE EE AO EP on WTR GH) . POP. PHO K. SAB 7K AR Et (Saurauia griffithii) 5 HHAWAARM (1) » SLM: REBRKEUER 40~504F a, REBE PH RA AH TR. FRI. DRRR. WES AS HERA CRD). BE SWiK Pat, EABWEALE, REBKNEVEL ER. SAME: REBRE UU 604F a, RAEBRMN AMORA RM, FMT MT ME. BT A RKB WR bil T A) FRB, TEARS MIA BTA 4 KARE MEY S EN PATER, MEMS RR TAU. EBLE FIZ: 4.1 BARBRA SHM, —EMREBIAX Kez yey FS He KT ARAB 2) A AR Ba a SSB DE 5S AK LL ER PR BY TR A Sn HE 7)», ESAT RANUA. RERAE-HRERRANER ERED, AHRKER MPR AE G2). sb, — #2 A A AT PP te A BRAS, WN A Hh K A eR OR RK EE TP) RARER (Toxicodendron wallichii var. microcarpum) FUJEYA/R RELA (Homalium nepalensis) WAEAS 20K. FARM BE a AR, ILE A] RE CEA HK SEP IB K. 4.2 DRARBARA HFRMKEARSAHRA, ARENRAMEKRET EHNA, MEERA eRe #AYE~ (Eupotarium adenophorum) #l &HLE (Eupotarium odoratum) *F. 2IGHE, BA AA ibis MATER KAR. (RSA Asin, —#e AAW ULepidium apetalum Fil Capsella bursa-pastoris G AR). MRESRARERRA MARR LRN, ASRENQAKS TAR KERS we, BWSHEHSH ST SHEX. 4.3 EASRKBIRL REN TAH, HPS BET A RRA IL, HEMMER ASR, PWS REM K BR. KEM E, DHA REFURB N AMBIT, KIERVSHERWKREKHMMR. we RARER, SEB HBAKEAGYW, PIQIKE (Themeda villosa) (P34 (Saccharum arundineum) $F DT RENRE, AT PRR KER, MEWSHENEAMEARAAIBIL. 76 Fe AE 52 Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 5 5.1 BUTT RRA Sak ENS KZ hs EBD 60 AE ATI TA]. WN RIE IRSA PATA, ea ATHY ARK AK SS 9 HE AT BE BF » S.2.7A AREA NBR, THEE SNK, HERA RRA - AEE, WINER. 53 REBWK ANE, ZAKEKERE, MOM, OR RRB NAR, RAE K ARES tk 0 R2 ABS HAA oe ADF Ha A Table 2. The changes of some common seed plants species in different succession stages FAS FAR YEKE BAR EAD FRNA (%) KURA mE mA) BERK 32 15 2 30 FEA 20%, YEAR E0%; HAE 0%, EF 4 iE (400m’), #3%(400m’) lH) 4140% 40a Ze A AY KA HK, RM 20 10 14 15 FFA IE34%, VER E38%: GAR 37%, #(400m?), 48 7 (400m) Fle W50% 20a AKER, SHA 12 8 9 7 FFA IE 63% HER EIT%; RAE 59%, (400m?), #7 i£(400m’) Fla) 4W77% 10a A HY KAM, EH 6 4 8 6 FFA 81% HAKET3I%; BA 64%, 11 (400m?), D425 (400m) Fla) t480% Ri: ARARAFREAP HAF RAMA FARA A RAF WK THA A. ERSEMM 25 rah /E Fa Pe th HR HE BT 0, LU St 97.23): 174~181, 1984 PE ELE Bie Fr HR A Sa PRK I: PLSAAAL, 100~103,1988 Sit AE ie KBRER TH WERE S RGSS ER: BEML, 112-115, 1993 EME Ge. PEAR ACR: BAM AL, 135, 149~152,1985 aw, HEM, SOE RS RHI PRKAMEMK. PBA 8B): 893~902,1987 Bei, Gye. i Eee BA ST. WE Pa a de: BEE, 78~ 81,1993 ASK. D IRCA H. HSE) RES SHATTER: PEW RAL, 247~271,1986 BA, PW. GREIABE) AA ALR: BE AREL, 1959 Chang D H S (1981): The Vegetation zonation of The Tibetan Plateau. Mountain Research and Development, 1(1): 29~48. Singh, J. S. & S. P. Singh (1987): Forest vegetation of the Himalaya . Bot. Rev., 53(1): 135~143. Sharma, E. L & R. S. Ambasht (1984): Seasonal variation in nitrogen fixation by different ages of root nodules of Alnus nepalensis plantations in the eastern Himalayas , J. Appl. Ecol., 21:265~270. PR SF tt ei 5 HH Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 77 ae AAs HERA RP in 4 DL (HMAC KASHWERSRHAA RK) ENS PEPE EMER EAE EA, EW RI oe RK EIR SR, TA BY ENS EER ch BRA A Se ARASH Te. fA -R BRU EH, EWSHERRESHRMEARMUEE MAR W Ath, “EC RISEIBIR ADH BARTKPSARHP MRR. Alt, EWSeenaraaA ae AS Aker Wea KES, BERASEREDS THEA me, PAY te BI RB BB 1 — FD A RB BS RARAUREDSHERP AAA NAAS MABE SM, ARERR Pea, ROP EA Mi AE BUT BIRLA BE. Bit, RNRABANA Re MRAM. AAS, PRR ARE A, HORM aS EN RAE RRS NARS, AKA ASAKAL AE » YEA tee Jak Idl elie Be RAIA ith BK ah, SEA BARE WEATHEE, WHERE, ESRRKUSH, MRE RR, AU. 1, ARKH R ro. ERK KAA, RATRMEKSARRIS Ah, LEMESRARAT-S, ASKER. HH FEA ch FE AN a BY LL Sa BR AK AE AS A Se TD SS. EF, BRRPSRKALHN RR. HERR BUR Wess KI SAA AR, ESMESAATHNBMRA, EESRPA IRM. 1 SHARIR 1.1 tees SAW RAK ARRAS, HANES TIL Pa, RB SHHR-ARS DUAR, AL dk. =HS PRK NR. Re. KS. KM, ETP S RHE, BS ORB ee ee. He i A Ab Ai27°33’ ~29°49’ , 4.493°44’ ~96°08’,, BMAR3 0k? (8 KEL MAAL.2Hkm’) . fT WXMER BAS HK, WHS S59H, ADIFAA, UNIBRAE. 1.2 BABE ae Ab TRA PAA RL, BEATER A AY, MOT BSR, rea RE RE HE PETER FAA > Be IR} GRICE. RPA AA TIS NE SAS KBE A PAW ea LU AGRE FT, SES ek ALAA, BAI “AS” WAR. SAAR, BREA RAR, PACS MAF aE Pe AER IAT, 782m, ARS SHERI, NAMA RS RRM 155m. HES AB LAA AG PA So ae EE, TODA AR EG MS RA RKMRRR A. We, Te fy, PRK, KARE. BURA. WH. Shonshee, BRNAD SC. HEM. RA AK 78 Fa es AE 5 ‘4 Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management toBGAbAT HL. kesh, SRBAMABASHBFEK), RPRURKHHKNRARH, HAD TERS Hh2, 300MM FRM AA, Ate lalz> Hh. Ae AY UR SS GE. TEE ES LA EE, PEK i EP ET TK WBKRAA, BMWA MERA whe. BARE BM E2, 000~3, 000mm, fe ig WW Hit 4,400mm, “F420 CHA. AMBARKNEAF, KARAS, BMT RACH WA ke a it, UHARERLUKSH-WMAS, CRISZHNVNSHERKAL, RAKLRNBRD HERE ZT, RHR. 2 SAMS EN ERATE RMSHSRN ARE, CARERS HERES REK AE, ELIE AE > LH 2.1 MRE, MOSH Baa, BEA 600~2,500 m WHR HA, BURA Wu dh. HK, PP HWRAISOF. 646/8. 1, 4108, MSA WHAM Bits, 000%, HKAMSAWHAANI/10GR. SIE RHSMITAANBDAKRBSRP Tih, LAD. HE PK Bit 4B ORS. KA. RK we. Sh) HASTA, SRROHA42T, METRES DR RAM PH 443TH i, A-HMREN, CASA BRE. Se mns, LSRFEDWREHMRN. PAWN RASH, SRARADWACOH, AH KA30FF, METAR, SRELOOMUE; WRMAMER3, 500OR YF, BHi—-HRA1, 400RF. Bi HOMRABAAANKEAY, SRNAPRMARRRAD TH. MEWNARM AT F800, —LEK PHARMA. DESRASADH, BAMA Shit. 2.2 HAMRLR. AEMHSE RABUKA ET, RATER OMAlLRHASKAA: HAD PRRA LORD SA A; Hate A A LMR RAMA PAT MA SAT HAN WE MRARERN BRAREGHS RI KSRWRURFES. MKF AH (Cyathea). ABA AHR. ABH 20H SWE (Podocarpus) $2 AH=ABWKAN FR”, BYR HicwH. HAAR, SRHNSSRASASAPACRKIERHAHSHRe. FEDwWKOR. Ket {%& (Orebytis entellus) . #1#4¥ (Budorcas taxicolor) . *3iJ#§ (Aceros nipalensis) {RE RRYWARFE RM fe BDF. 2.3 FSARRA ISH as Ap See AY Ae RY AY rey LL WO AS SE, SPOKE TOR AK FA ADA, TRA TR, FoR TA ULI ARERR, TU HRMERRAAEA. PBRNARAARM AIK LURE, 1K LUA Fs SREB KR, LL RE aS Se LL Ste Sa Sa PA ERR PR A SR, LL AF EB AK Fim WS Ht fe 5 B32 Tibet's Biodiversity Conservation and Management 79 YEAR PK, Ly Savi TH. MY et LL RE hh i ET AT AR PRE AS AA. USA HERE RAE, fea LL Fe Uh Tir HE DA fa). KR, Re AR — HE EA AE ASR 3 Bie MS EN RP 3.1 tRIPTAR et CF 1985449 A 4 Bak A RE TS BTS AARP, RAZ, 620hm?, +E RP SEN WU ARERAARE ROY. BAISEMNSA, RETHEm. SHEER RP SR WEI T ok, HHA T BARPHITTE GE Tiel, RP MRA ARV E-KUOEDRBBATA ARP SI, PHAR A PINS, RP RKRANERKAASRENGRAD RA -EHEWKE, OH MME RS CARH RAM, HRERPEKA. 3.2 Fea AM ARARP RAR ACEH N6s, KREARK RP MRA /4. BSE, BRR PLES HER, SR BTELAAT AKO, 5 EEA UA Al i ES RP ESS EAS RSE KT gi 7H AY J52 Ze o is Ai St Ah hee» SPST ADIRAS, 2H A AME, AAT > eh SEA MA BRA AS, WET Ree, EP RAEI, ARTE Ric BRRK. (ASN BRE HEU REA RP 1 E775 Bh Se Bl BR i A BT ERP, RP SREP THR. RP KWAME RA MIR DFS RERRNSA, MRP LETRA, MELA RPE ty mk T — re BU 4 #2 4.1 MBRARA RBS, MHA RIPRELS MAX! AMS ARRAN, RP KARMA RABE, RAPER, 3. AWARD BARNA, ZBAAGEIGHA KR. HUARWE, VRAD CANE, USA. MA. iF HAS rl A, AAA A RP AA ARR, SR AR RUN MRP MS Al LIS 4.2 SRAM KE SSE ae ht D Fi Dt AD 70%) 7h HEHE IR2, 200 (2,400) m LA PIR, MAMA IER RN Re RAK a, MAE BRAS RAERARRHAM. ARG. MANMKRA, ESR STIR BMBUKE, DAMRESKES RBH. RRKRHAE GREK eA, (tS eh Ce #9 18 CEJ RE 80 HREMS HH RS 5 AE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 4.3 PARSER, HLA ARP A AO OR OK aR ATE A EA, RRS ARR, PREP eT DN, VAPTKRPI. A, BRIA MAKRM ESHA GE MERI, ZUM —se ER PRPS OW RIESE. Wk, WR, RA ARP OAR, MTR ERE, (ERK AEILIEIE (ERIK, FOS RIEDEL. 4.4 BESS HA ES ARIK A DK EL RE PRED ARMA, (LAKE EA RRR HE, PRR AY ARE HE ce AE BR RE RY, AE FT Lh Be AT Fi, Pie BVH. MARA COSbHE) , LBA RT BER AO AY RB AED Se FEE RP LE OR TEFE) 0 5 S58 Se Ae YE Ay Pa eh a A — 7S te fr kA a, TEE EP DoT) fe eR AT, te A EER melt, WOES HERP RR MARK. PATRAS ARN HA, SMA HAE BAG, READ ELEEKMARSRKEAN Sha, het Were RK S RAN AME, A F SME RIT Ett RRA BME ES, BUT AES RK ERLE BAF HT Hh AEA RR, BSW CEN EWR AMMA #, RM BETHEABEEWARNAREM “BRA” EMA “BREA” KEP, APH TRB A 8, AN BPA TAS HRAEDS RNR. “ete” RED RK. HEP ARN aR, A-AARABR ARMM BRA SMUEEN DY RMN, EWS A PRN RHR FEAR A Cine, BRIE “RZD, BHR” MH. “RED” MHC, SAI. BK Wb, BRAG MK AH SEE we AE HARA Se CWWF) AE — SE AAR A A MHC 90SE RA EDS ERP NAR, H-AERARHET CR ANEWS HERP IAA, —2ER FBR A CHES RDBH, SUF A AURA AU, TIME TC RE SS ot Hi A AE EE RP TOK T RAL. RS SB Ht AEM A ch AHEM — HH PARA AR, ELCMEMSHENEMEEBEMEDS HERP NCE PRM A, AB Gh TI RAE YD Se DANY MO AE AS HE 5A EK SC A A ET EOP BA BRA) CHAURA TRPEDSREMERPRINARKECWHEARX. shi (Medog) , MACEA “te a”, RANA “FRE” A “HE” MS, MBF “SE” KALA. HAE KAA RMS, AK . A. LHUOR—-LAARNKARH TT, SNEWS SL Sik — TON, seAias “ATHe” NAAN 2, XE RNIM SR, ee RAY AA 2M HD +h A te. Po WS FER +5 FH Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 81 a Oe Bibs BWA 2S REE AY Se Pa ie SS RS HERA RIP 4S EER (PR RAE BERR OSTA, MRAIYERF 010010) Pa RA Fi Hh8,200 hm’, LRIRA MOEA NRA EUR. AAUIOF I, PHB AAA MIS KAR S MRS MRRMNSRSEA, AH OCHKEKCHARABIA ST Sia. RAK. BRA. RERPRARMA HEP HSA. SENMAHR, AMP RNS AIRE TASH BCE, MRP RRESRSAN TY SERA T ARATE BESSA ARE, PERU VRAD AALS REET AK, BA ye PETE AE AS AS AE PE CLR. AGESHAT RMU RRS, FHREWSRERPAPAIE, DL ah RRS PEER TE ABGR, FFP ML RP Tei. 1 Pa yet Bt HESS AF AE 1.1 Bipaew asa Pom BAK APE KIA2,0008Rkm, MILRMRABIETF AB, MARA Akm, Wi HRA NA Rm MAR, SIRI, AMMABA, PHBRE000mMUL. WHAM RAA BR, KS SHAH MSA. UTEP K NERS, RA. RRP PEh, LAW Bs AT Sh; UFR EWS, BARE. FAM, WATS. EFSEH; ARRERDAL, BEA HERES, S0OOMLA FRIAR CARA) . IARI, ART HHR4000 m, £45,000 mHBW. WwW Bh, RAKE, ARR. TR, HAS, BAMA, MAAR. BREE. MAAR fl, Pap HAS A AS oe a aS 1.2 Bit PAkEHEFL Par EHS A SERS AY, ERROR RRR, PSHE DREN ERB RMAM Ee Sit A ied iv ek Ss AY HA FT] SB a fa), EE AE AR PAD ZR PA Pe L,I A A fa, EP RAR A AE AE GE A AY LL He Sc AA Ld RO) AE La. RR. [ea] — 2 AY A) Be Sh A 9} Ai DK A 7k AR AES, SAE KES, ODI TERt # (Stipa purpurea) ABH F Wm BR, PR PH a EEE PAK 750 ke/hm?, Ze bey FSH 49570 kg/hm’, MERE TAA, PL A300kg/hm?, Fi ih REPS BE 200~700MJ/hm? (Pp BES he A iin RA BFS RR, 1992) . b y 2 AK DRE Paik + WS ER 5 SH Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 83 2.1 MMSHERD HATH STE RHE70~B0E RNA AMS PRE RRMRRAAR SSM, 1984~1987) , RAAT FAUMER Si A2,000RF (CARH) , EBRAT WE (330%, 16H) . AAR (277A, 2448 FH) . GR (123%, OFF) . BAA (102%, SSA) . RR (102%, SAR) . HAL (OOF, 1028 Ft) FIBER (63FH, SARAH) |S. WA, ATH. +HER. MALE. RA RRPABAASHAA SHELA RAAHD. HABRHN AAEM ASTH. 4, HP RAR, 1 BH, WBA, RAIA. 8 BAP, GRO, BRO, MMT, BRA, RRQ. 1A, SMALL, WM FFF. FE PARE KK LARA, Da AR RE A EA RK. EA tg Bh KA4SER, A172, HMRMAABwWHKN86%, MILKWEEK,. FPRRATRHHO AK BASRA, APES PPRAN27%, EPI Re OY] Ai BEEK SA 260 mm, Me RBUKFO.1 AY eo PPK. ERROR, opr a a ae AE AS ER EAT AAPA 2SOF, APOE AP BLN 13%. 2.2 MRA A Tt ARHAFENRABDRR, PHAM AREA FD Al 4 eee TD PPR A4 1.64% Fi 18.03 % PRESREMERAANESRM, 1984~1987) . CRAMER, LPI2ARRARA BORER AKD (PHA SRRRARACHSSRM, 1988). KERABDRET, RABAT KEDRARARAR AD, Go) ti EP BAG es LR ARE (Stipa purpurea var. arenosa) . 4 FPFEW & ( Roegneria aristiglumis, R. aristiglumis var. hirsuta, R.. pulanensis, R.. thoroldiana) . RRA (Artemisia stracheyi) . jXY>i (A.wellbui) . 28% (A. minor) . A8€44X8)L (Caragana versicolor) . je @ (Strachya tibetica) . #44¢% = (Kobresia macrantha) 4; EB ODHERBAAWAE Hee RAE MS Ja 22 MET (Stipa capillacea) . =H\— (Aristida triseta) . F£¥#85 (Litlledalea przevalskyi) . jk Ai (Artemisia younghusbandii) ; 7) 7 CE PG PAS AY GAG BA Ls He A Ly re RA EE SC Stipa basiplumosa) . BARRA R (Ceratoides compacta) ; J i FAK AY fei LL te ERE AH) i BC Kobresia pygmaea) ; SAR TERRAR TE LS a) Fl fey LL EA fa AY BBE Polygonum macrophyllum) ; 4} Fi CE GR AR AAR RS BB fea LL HE DA Be XD fey LL RAH DA Be A) BY 41 #4 3 ( Ptilagrostis dichotoma) . %& Ff = #47 ( Poa asperifolia, P. bomiensis, P. crymophila, P. nigropurpurea) ; } 4 CE AR PA Bb AK lB) KR Bh A BF ( Deyeuxia levipes, D. longiflora) . FATE BRT # (Camagrostis hedinii) . Xl24%: (Diandranthus corymbosus, D. nudipes, D. tibeticus) ; ATER RWB we dtm = (Kobresia littledalei) Flim th in} GS )BtEW (Puccinellia gyirongensis, P. Leiolepis, P. platyglumis, P. shuanghuensis) “*F . 2.3 TRAKSERA Mitt REAR EDT. ARK. GOK, SHMOMALESAATORESAN ERA, ee Hh Oy — fe Bt A EA BE. ah aT YE BR BG Ee AE BE BB AO BP SE ES RR ARRAN Et BR (Stipa) . GREER (Elymus) . REM EEIR CRoegneria) . RAAB (Poa) . FR ( Festuca) . = fi JR ( Trikeraia) . =H BWR (Aristida) . HBF) (Deyeuxia) . MER ( Leymus) . K#JK (Hordeum) . WR JR (Puccinellia) , DEBN BEI (Kobresia), GER 84 a ee Ht Rip 5 iH Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management (Carex) . Fa ABER (Bhsmus) , GEN HL DIB (Stracheya) . BRIR (Astragalus) . RS IR (Oxytropis) » H#RELHIZSRESEIR (Potentilla) . REFERRER (Ceratoides) , BRAVE) (Polygonum) WRESEA BUR (Allium) ARB tEIEDR (Milula) F. Xt LRP OOH BEA in BFR THA, 1/4 BY Ey i PHS ARS BA 18%~26%, FRU ENAEHSARA BH TS 13%. HRKREMNRSRE PS, AAD. SEM AB RIE, WMARARB ARE HR (Roegneria thoroldiana) . 7£2¢ (Festuca ovina) . PL RARK (Poa litwinowiana) . P4ER RA (Poa attenuata) , BEAN 51H GC Oxytropis chiliophylla) . 7} #RE. (O. microphylla) . HIGHRD (CO. falcata) . 7) EYED (Cicer microphyllum) . tU#RaE SEE (Astragalus tribulifolium) » RE BARSERA (Ceratoides compacta) FAA EAR Hae (Allium caroliviavum) , , TUS AERA) F 0.1, REE AS 000 mAb TAF eRe §, SAP WwW PAR AH LIES AIK5S,000~5,600 m. KAR MF BMT BAS UN RA a ee EEA ZALES RF AE HE sb, BRASH RAS, BOA, PREARBTOER, EPHREFREL- HEEB AEE RP BE AE HE AR Ap ale AE FH, QOARASEL A FSS (Dactylis glomerata) . HE (Lolium perenne) . {é #& (Elytrigia repens) . mie (Phleum alpinum) . & FER (Bromus spp.) , GRMN A (Medicago spp.) . #HE (Trigonella spp.) . FaKHR (Lotus corniculatus) AIFF BID (Vicia spp.) F. Bete A Fe ce PA EF EAA A LOFP ALA (dR Trigonella—AW FE) » HEE A EE a J io MESH PAA ST NEM, ENA A Be BEM ae pT HERCMKEURA, HRM, CHAR RRERA TPH SAME ABM. 3 BREWS ERP NB EE UWE GaB BREWER, THAR KMES HS Ee BAI, WALAS AN i, We, KL, A. AR, HHS. BAMA RS SHORT AR RR PEL, WRF RT HSM RRS, ASHARLIBUENAD EMER. WU, BRAS EAS ASN Fare ERA AER ARN EASA ARM HN RRSHD. RMA ST BRE Ht At Pa Ly Sat Be DER HET 1/DA TR, RPE th UR Se EEA GaP Ae HE IF eS SE A aL Sa Jn AE AS RH FR FE ERA AS A Se BE A HF Pape te Dah Bl WAGE AA, Rv TRL 77%, in Be XR MLS PH TE AI60%, ATLA, SZ Gr AS Ae eT ae Sh Be RS EE A RR A PE. IRI, ee Bh BPO MAS, SHARE AA AAT EB, AN BB CA) A hE ee A Hb. TOFETUUAAK, FFE BSA BAS TS A A SE AE EKA A BRA TAR Zp ei AN PA Ba Ht DX A a op EL A) BE AB A AE REAP RUB, A RSX Ali TA HER OT AAR AY BEI BH. KA Pt ie A 1 EA EA A RRA AT0FERA ZIFF aH, RPE KE KR CHEF PAL) RATAAMARK, (Be IB GFA So WAAR, BOE RAMEK BLY AE TALES HIB OR, JB AREA ARH RMIT AS RAR KTE Ha. RAR K BB, 1994) . im /~EWS HER 5 BE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 85 SPR HH KA, PRR RAEAE TAS, PATER SEH Hee APPAANPS RH BARR, BRR IR I, NS eA Ee To A. PRR TSMR EE HRA (i UR ATS Hl, 66H Sia EFS. EF SWK (PRR SRR RAAASSRM, 1992)» Tid (ER han AU SE 1 HBR 1 Be Sal HB SA ak BSS Se ASD Sg BS a 1 Pe — BOA ie BR PHILAH BAK AMMAR KRARRSAHOMMRY, WEMK EE RRR it, HAMA —Am>MEK, MEMS HEN SU ETA BAN. mH, RMS Paes RAAN. AB. CRANTASHRAA HATED, XBW RREMIA RE PRES LREMN EAP Citi, 1990) . SRP RS BTW EDSRRP BAAR AGRKECASE, FERPMARORKEM, mGRSABNSEA RA HW SE iti. Ligh Pa eh RES EM RP Re EE in) EON FP : 4.1 HTRMKAEARE, RMSE PEAR A MS RAM, FEMA RRR A TIER, (RMT RRIAA— MERE. Al Be eis — Hee MAA PSHE. SERRA, SEAT HLA ER EA RE, A Bea Hh WAL RE, R—-HRAAT ARPA S RA, TKAN SWANSEA ES AK ML, CARPHRES MS, PRR ESHA AMAIA, Be Boch Rap A ee i, PERRBRREBKEM, MMKRIMERMTE, HATE. KARE ANIBALKA. BWIA BUS |) FE a AT FR EE, RRA, RSP 4.2 im MRE De ee Be St BE aE EE Tle A Be KB eH EH. SOTERA AAS Va ASR ET, PATA MEER, SOHN EASRHER, 30%HERERHBK HMA K thse. et Bak Be Fl, 1994) . ARH KPRMMRA. RR, MM RSSRBRRAM ES, MUS MR ERMAMRA HX, MASWMRKERSR (PHRPSRARMERAGHSESRM, 1992). AA, HREM 7 YB Fae VA Be Sats AS Bo id Bt AA YF] FS chill ERA a a, HT EE A CB EP AS Hl ERRH, KEAASRAHRES. SUMTRRIBZATHE. 4.3 RMAF SMR EWZMWARP, RRRTRDRRAEAA, HARE -LREREA CEH, RARN RE AA, RRNATOCRAGH, ARELER. BPHRRWEA SERRA ATE Dinh RRA ENR, AERA RA PHERE HARKER EA, BRKHERENRA ft, Z5RRAHAANRKSEAGHRABRA, CREME MBE 86 HREMSHH RP 5 EF Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management BRAAMMMAUVN RTH, EERE CAA BATRA ARN ae SHES, CENA SKRAB UA RARE, Minn. DRAB, Ie A ET RSA EET, Fal ABR AP HEAKERE. BERR WAH RE, DAP EN RAIA AA 4.4 WEE APR RP KE BRAN REA A RMAC SA AAP Be BARK SSIES, Bh BR RP Ray DAE Ah aE IRE, ED BIE DFP AY TR BAI 1b Hh EAS RKTT ZA MH. AN, ERP KARTS, BIRMARK, APARNA ARUSHA A 1B 0 BROCBUSUARRPR, BRERA RiRESRAH EI ARR K ABU (ER, 1995; (PHREWMSHERBHARE) 454, 1998) , (AP HIRLEERE, BLA RAM RKMA AS fey UL BE ad) PD fy LL EE DA He ig) A Be} Ais DL Sat Do A Ly St YR DA Si AE AS He 256 17 SR Tt AB ETS 1 A BT BNEUORPAKR KES MESAAALE AMM AARP E. 4.5 Bu Smet ys HRP AA MR Pa AE tH RO AUS, Sah UA se EE CE EK LBA, CART ZSERAWEWMREAMASMWARTAUE, HSER CMKMAR Sm, BCNESRA-BRH, th SEARKGHA BARD EFHS. Ak, MAREE REDS REP WA E ZN FEM HH. BREU—-TH SWRA RMA KEN RAMGRREAR, ARBRAS, ile Ewe MSeeRP Nite) (HA. HRATRAAS) . MBit WASH. ERSEXAM PRS bee ei RRA LSS PR GR: PSMA, 1992 CP el Fe) Se Boe FS He RA A A ER: -PLSE LAA, 1988 Cp ALE Bee Pe ele EA LE BA. 1984-~ 1987. PGW E.2~OR ALR: ELE MAREL, 1990 Gets ih. GRAB. AG: ACRES A HARE. 1990 FRA aK thee. RAK he. RAK SA oR: Bees, 1994 FG 1995 RASREWMSHERP AL: Be, Hoa SME WS ERP EAH: ASAE (PREMSHERATARA) HSA PREWMSRERBOARE Jt: PROSE ME, 1998 PG EY) S FETE RPS EH Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 87 Pa ie EX SHIR LUA RAKE aie R BRHF (HMA EER. BRAKES HO 4H 850000) RM IRLE—M PEN A. AMPA RHR MROKILHZoM, KRIEKABR. KW ZR Bats BS Be 7 FT BE eR I Fe PRA DR ASE A SR, AEA AER IB IL, FPS BAAN Sh Bb -ENGH. 1992FKAN “HR” KeZ2he, THERRCKAEDCH AEANRHR wal, BES TE AIRES BIB HS FE A RAK, AE EONS HRA FEA T ANH » FRE KAAAAK2Z—, RHR, HAS H8 200 Fh’ (AA HAARH) , See SRE HARA I/5, BSA (BiH. BAK) SHR A, SMAAK A+ MARAT. 15%, Fe a be Ae HH Hh AR 4. 94 hm? A 23545. SHARES MRAR PHS Z2m, BASHSE (TH. A wk) 2. Bie GRA RRAN MESA, ERPED TEA APRA BENAB. CR RRAEHH emeEwtz2k, BikkKtnkK, ZR SH BAWARRERMEAT SRMRA RRM. (Be, FRAURZSR ARN, SHIR. Wh, AWS. ERK, HAMAKFACMARARM RBS MIRE TARBALL, RET EMMA. (8 , REP MBER A AAMAS MB KAREMAAE, SHIRLHBACRABBA AA. ASCE a He Ra EAR, PE EK IRL. WHR RAKE Rit THR, AP AS | RAMS AAS IK AE I ARIE 1 HU IR 1 UK RE EAL $2 19854F 2 19927F mM BAK PAP WARE EAN, PERL AIE SHH, 203 Ahm, SEK eH RTFAAI14. 83%, FOP ABM H111 hm’, 4S RIBLPRAN25. 49%; BIBL 16. 9377hm?, hy GE(LI AN9. 90%. Mh (TH) BLP RS, ABABA, iA 51480.93 Ghm’, by iB Hh 39.97%; HABA UK, Bh H326. 36 Gh’, FILMA 27. 13%. 2 MIR LRA 2.1 BARA 2.1.1 SRS. Bit 88 BemEns ht hy 58 Tibet's Biodiversity Conservation and Management HEH, WOSEK, PRS RtKHARIt ARES HAE, REPRAURAwREA. ABH HK MARBIPG, A19784E VIKA 1O4E (1978~1985, 1986~1995) MFI WRA RRM, REA 0.48°C, ABHHAF0.7°C, LAH RO. 5°C , PIAA HO. 25°C, ERAA MO. 24°C. TUAW, ABA HK 19784E WKN ARS . SURRR NA. BE RAAF, PEK eth B >, Tee RE. TVRARSRRAR SS, EURFRS ARPS, PENERAS SI. HAFMMicRem, AK 19804E VISE HA HAE 19864F, 19927F F19944F. [AlAY, FPHAAPTHEK. 2.1.2 AMERY Sew te AR HHH K EEHAKMA Mies NK 2, RSENRSREPWAMA BGk147d, b> MRa PY AA BGK85d. KRUERRHSR, FREAKS, DONE Lea, eA BEE PSS BPR eh ORR ee AY, AAI TRKA AR, ETB, DT FR. THA HOGS. ERK, WROTE, RAMA RAMAS HI, RE, BRA AIK, K Km, STH, MEL REA, RO BARR, ASB MIRA. 2.1.3 +8REKES, eS, AMS, +A BRARLIMRRy. WAR Ri HED LRAMLRH RASA EE, RRA. tRARAVRMA: OREN, HC, ERT, THUR RAEBAR L450a; OLHT WILE, MBH, ARR, 0. 005mmL F Ht AES E5K~15%Z le. OLS, MABESE10~40cemZ 1, LARK, WHR, Bech FRELRCEARAHAR. OHAMRARBATORRE, EEBRAARK, MEWS. AD RAE, UHANAMERAR, AURARS ES Sgkez ll. HFLARA, Rea et HEARD AEP PRE, UA EAA KK AP AEE 2.1.4 ARGS, tiRARIA AR MHEG ES AAMT TK. AR KAE RATE A, REAKAABEK. AFL. [EH AISA ANEH. AP ARAACHKO, BEAK oA AYA RY SoH Eb or BEAK RTE AAR, ET KATA BAR, FES UAE CSD . ATW KSRRS a, WI esr Fe» BRODER Be MATT eh i EBB Ta De a a BB Ye AE TT 9 | He IB HL, . 2.1.5 fR. RELRES FEFRANMARAWELARR RRS SHEER. RRR), MRS, EBK, RAR CRAIIS HE HEA. ALERT aA, WAR TT, EOL BL — ARIAG00~1, 5007, MA ATIA4, 500 S. RRIZAKAGR, WHORE RRP RS, BRL TAKA, RABE. re BER Ge A EE T7. 3g, KAISOR He — FEN A OY FEL ASAE. BAER, EO Re RRRIAMA, MHC HRR RRA, BSRAKARS MAM, bee. FARE BA, ARHR AIA, 500g, AAIARSBHES RRMA RAE REARE., BREE Es Sih, QE RSME K- LEH, ERSRCRAS, MAR. BH. RM, KFS, WS SHWE Kot. ERE RK, ROBE—-RALO~30K/m*, HP BK Re RET IAS00~ 600% /m*, FERIA Mt. SRERMACERE, MANABHA—CEF. 2.2 #247 RA 2.2.1 BHUTHSEMWR Mt SNE AA Pu WS ETE RS BE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 89 Baa A ORR KR ARATE RIN SCH, BRAS K, RIT BTA, BRUHES, FRR IR. AB PAH 19804F DASH Re RR, «HH 19594F A249. 36K CR. DL) He 19954F 742.7277 (CR. Be) , HtK 7 197. 85% . 19954F AB oh th OK 4 SCI AE 1242. 28 ASU (HRKREB mm) , M19964F ia Ar AY Soe Se pee BIA BII791. 37 FSU, HBL44. 2%. 2.2.2 Bit AREAS SMM FS Ss DA eS hE TE SHA ANSEARCH RST “HRP. MAH. BEAR. KANE” TUR, Bi TE A A eee LTH, AAA A. HANH MRS, BRT NMARM RAE, RAMA, if Re KA 2.2.3 BMBARAA, PRUE RAIL, ARM, MBE A HMR hPa, RHA E, BML, ARAB, RAR T PEP ATA, PEACH FR ALA, SHH A . DK BP i ALE 18% ~30% 2 fi]. Fl mt, BERRA “HAA” BE C oR BURA) MOR, et TN, I T AIL 2.2.4 BHEWLAL, REMMI, SwNAMERS HPS we Ss Ds aE Sei AS EL FE PAT: SR, KAMER IAG, AB aH 19954F ES 9AUL, Sea BA13%. BRIER, AERA Me, MHSRPRK, ARMM Shem BA, DsRP MIR. KEBTHAMr eRe >, CSR UAH EAE AH BLE, ie eer mise, MEU SWAT Maa RA Ze. Ro, RAR. HAMASKSH, EBR SUL ZE tea bee Bs LE BK Ae we EF LL Bil yo AME Bint aS, AEM RMA PHU ARERR, RAM. I. RAR Ri (BER BE, MRAEPH BEAR, Bod in AS eS a). KHER NGAI As a on APS OC JT in AA, WRAPS HAR, PUM RERAM in RANBUR, KIN ST AH, Bo Be HAE FAM, WASH AIR. Favh, PRR GR, AREER AE, ERT REAL MELA Ah Fe, BMT thy a BP Bi, ERIM RAVLIEGA SA, tHE A mae, MEMO I. KITE, ERAS FE RCEEVEH , PBC HIB HL. 3 BRL. Wie HMR 3.1 REM, RSHUUSAR, WEA, SRSA EPR EBLE?, BRBRR, AMP ERT Se ol Pi, AS eB. BPE RATER BARE, WE RATER, RATA, GKE BEAK, BB Fe a. RAIURAREMS, HeEARNBRRERRAIURAA, WHAM, PRE, PRY ON BAe ER. 90 TUR /EMS HRP 5 EE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 3.2 BERHIEAM, RIMES. BAKER EA sete Fi th SHOR A. Si. BSAA. BRAIURA RAH Bel, KAR EH MRE, PETES SPE, RELA Sem, A Ameya “A AER” NZ “ARR” WK. RARE. BMRAA WER, FHM RMAE, BAAR, HAE, BRAK, FHA, LMAORNNA—, KRIMMKAAEH. RRA, Bk—-TAIAQ tr. FHA RETF 3.3 BRXTURER, SETH, CMIPBRTSHWReS ZAREK MASA LORELRARLGRSRAK. Ak, THRESH ER, & BY, FAI MAAR ANE. NENEE AES. AM, BRR DT CHIE) BA RIESE HANA BRAKEMS, UE, tat TRE RRR REP RK, UH REM ED ASH tE TA 3 3.4 SERBRMWAZT BB, US He Boll Fo Bl ss [oy] foe ee BY FO om GE SH RRR EU RMS SHUM AES, RRMA IE, AE IE AE, RE, ICBM, HAIN. 95. i. RIUM, OR BEER A. XH, ARMA ZK, WAZ, BEST BP ak, MOP -MEPMERR EY 7 SRE (EEA KEE 3.5 WR BHAM, Sit mt Sihet WB ARAN “SMR” BRAM, WFR, femeetehe, BU, RE. HIME A SRBESR—-OMRK, KMRBARS BE Shh se ME A. HE eT ee KA, Bay EE AT PRE, RICA LA, DIMA Va Re. AG RS ey FE Be Me Ae fe Fe ied Ie TE FRPML, FETA BAA, KEMBLA FREAK, Wel ee ie RAE 3.6 FARA RR Se Be Bll SE SADE A Bal, EMEA BIAS SAMRAA CA, PMN, Me A AP ze aS he oR a]; MAE BRU AE) ale; ANA ARP AE. EL ARE: SR RUA AAR ee; KOR RRA SA. Ba: AERO ROA, ATW E ina; HIB. wii, BARRE He. WALRUS MES 2 Fab, WE Be AE Be Hh Ae IC HG AY Te UF FF RT IE 3.7 SRIBBRARE, ANRRBWEREK, SALRBSWBKWEPEARE Al, PSER AM RIM A RiP, HERAT AEN. PMAMEAB RMS, MPR, Hh Fi, RMATASTIBRRE, LTR, WES, SRE, SRAM, ARMM ABRA. Pan We ETERS EH Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 9] yh, Baa Pa AKRAM RAR, te VARA He He — He FRR AT Se aK Hh BS Ob BR WNRS, LTISRABRAEAE, K-AMV HAAS MAREN RSA, “MAU 5 A Bs seHH BPR ARAN BBA IE 3.8 WARS HE BA RPK ARR URTRE RIK 2—, MAAN AARP KAR > AY. PAE AY ee SRA RIA MEPS AM AER CRA BERS LA. A-AKAIMAT, BMT MAS NA. BWR. BRRMAANCARMERAR RAR ENR SH RSE. BMA AK ew bh De FF het Bh BR RP EK 92 TR EMS HH RPS BE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management i es ar Powe AB ah Seth ASMA SS a KEL B A AS (BRECKER AE, Ath 852000) 1 BURR R BWA ARSE ELK ee 1.1 ABER S Ma AB wa x iF Pa YAK AGA, HhAbILHi29° 32° ~ 36° 41’, A83° 32’ ~ 95° VZial, A Paar ee th, ERR RHER. SK BH IA3417. 330hr, FHPARK SWAMI. $1995, Jt ee allnme icc ete AyOuA iA800F% (HR , Bl1,200HSU. #1997, FRAERHBFEKOS74AASK CR. DM), HF, te A142 Ak, “Tae Wi1324HR, B88sA; Breaare se: A31,875 t, Yy28,771t, MES 3,033 t, W==3%120.9 t, -AKE720t, MRAW AAR AIA 102 kg. 92.8 kg. 9.78 kg. 0.55 kg Al 2.32 kg eid. #1 ARASH POL AHA Table 1 The ee of animal ans in Naqu Prefecture nt (a) AG eI. AR. R) 8A. RL ES SH AT Sh () (A) aan (hm?) (hm’) (77hm’) 1960 12.47 293.11 9.78 - = 1970 18.89 594.09 4.82 DD i ¥ 1980 23.5 750 3.82 6.67 0.08 1990 30 700 7.91 20.67 0.20 edt LRRD HE ERT OF. TR A i EAE al. AH MOSRA, AREDWRKTCRREN ERA. ENAISHHE OMT, KRHA. ARK WNABRRF ARN RAS H. NSH ERE KBHRRS HP A, BEE HR AY ae HRBARA . ARMA AMER E4500 m Ub, “IR, (PRK, HEA AAR A WE, AAKALECHABDWRETERMEAAH, BSR RLMERHE, HARRAH EFA AC TE 0 1.2 PHS ARD HMR FAS HB Hs DH WR OD As ie FR SD Pe TTR. a PE BE Aa) FA Ly SB A SOS SY, RR SS 4h. HR, HS RRA eR. Pa RES PEER 5 BH Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 93 AB HH AY PG ah ER 7E4,500~5,000 m, HAH IA. FH, AIRBATE. PORE -0.4 ~ 03° C, #2¥800 ~ 1,000° C, EBERT S100 ~ 300 mm, AUMAPEILRBZESO mmLA FF. YASS, (HSA, PhLEmS AREABKA. PHKHARZSHMRR. BHRER, BRURSR. BAR. EBEAA FHKBARMUS,. MAFADSHE+. CGRHEDWEZAREH+. BP. PRA. HA. BRAS —TKRF DY. RAZ AIPA (MPRA. PIE. BBR. WHARF . ALB HEK 4ER4,300 ~ 4,500m, UR YA FEE, FES E-1.9 ~ 3.0° C,4EFRYR800 ~ 1,000° C. ERE #400 ~ 500mm. BihKHFRARKS A. KH, PELSREARAMEPALH Zon. BE SmFAWKRBAB+. MAF. MU. FEDWMELABMMS. Fe. HA. BIB. RM. AGS —, (RRP, URI. BA. AE. PELES. WRAITH (RZR, BRE. MHD. 2 PHPKSHRH HR. FSS. KBSAit Table 2 Types, productivity and carrying capacity of rangelands in Naqu Prefecture amp EP eee EO eatenom 8 me * BRA SB fH RR "Bs Be B% (ahm?) (ihm?) /SU) (%) (Kg) (F7SU) iy ee fa] 431.5 12.63 366.8 36.30 4.48 81.88 10.3 i ee SR 1360.0 39.80 1138.6 35.00 4.88 233.24 29.4 ey Se Jie eee SR 481.2 14.08 392.7 24.60 5.84 67.30 8.5 i ee 310.6 9.09 217.4 17.90 10.88 19.99 24 Ly $y 5 fay] 4.5 0.13 4.4 82.80 1.96 2.24 0.2 ie ee A] 829.5 24.27 806.0 65.12 2.08 386.73 48.8 i eee fe] AE 708.6 20.74 694.4 48.15 2.80 247.73 31.3 axe wAe 34.9 1.02 34.2 35.00 4.44 7.70 0.9 RK AES 85.9 2.51 77.3 230.9 0.59 131.29 16.6 We Bit 3417.3 100.00 2925.8 40.97 3.70 791.38 100.0 ARH AR, HRS AK WM BSRP!, FANT E2,000 ~ 3,000m. LKR ESEI0RUL. AR Rub, FFISAYR -0.9 ~ 1.5° C, FE ARYA1,5O0 ~ 1,900° C, 407K 500 ~ 700mm. RAAKHAME MARK, EZRMROSV RUE, RREMS MARRS, BARMAHHBARE, BF. %. B+. BH. OS. BEOWARR. BR. ABB. SH. BA. Z*ES-_—KARPHD, URERM 2, PP. BS. MS. BG. AR. RS. AHSERAM, MARRS, in. NE. SEE ©, WA4*SE (HRA. BERH. think, BRA). 1.3 Bebe. IRM. KATRABAREB Ig 1.3.1 BSbiRH. MeN ARBA AP HIK MSA ARES RR, RARE BAR EREAKD HAD RAR AKBATZ—, MERE AR HAS BADER RRP RR EA NM meth. AN, CRRA RRP PAM KESH SE. Ram URLY MH EW ARNKE. 94 TG +E We ep 5 BE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 3 APRA KIB(LEbRit Table 3 Statistics of Degraded Rangelands in Naqu Prefecture iA fi HE Sth f wan | (ihm?) | | (ihm?) (%) H4 19.13 25.81 11.51 BR 14.40 33.66 9.54 66.25 4.78 33.19 0.08 0.01 BR 15.98 20.32 8.31 66.08 7.42 46.43 0.26 1.63 BF 20.71 26.50 9.72 46.93 9.84 47.51 1.15 pe) OR 34.50 41.89 23.58 68.35 8.66 25.10 2.26 6.55 AS th 36.32 26.17 24.87 68.47 10.78 29.68 0.67 1.84 es 67.80 28.45 33.44 49.32 28.91 42.64 5.46 8.05 FFL, 62.06 31.62 18.33 29.54 31.28 50.40 12.46 20.08 EX, 78.39 31.76 58.55 74.69 14.13 18.03 mo | 7.28 Ba) 65.18 13.34 50.45 77.40 13.21 20.27 12 2.33 ose 64.45 12.77 32.32 50.15 21.40 33.20 12.74 19.77 22.01 EEK ARABS, PAIR Fh 1,203 0h’, Sek Rw eR 14.87%. HPA HK IB RK, A481 hm*?, HERI HAR A39.97% . MH KAM LA, WRB HB MBB, MRIAI4S hm’, SPERM AAN41.9%. MERERRH, WAS PIRLRE HE. FH K 44% 4 Fe Hh AB AS ASE ANIL, TH ARIA305.5 Fhm? (#3) » 1.3.2 Bib =” RM ERMA: BRAT, FRAP EO T7 Ahr hE RE. eA BPM: Fie, MHA AMA, 704 EERO ~ 80 cm, 804F(t(XA20 ~ 50 cm; HME, FBP 704E{K 5,700 kg/ hm’, 802F4t FREA2,571 kg/hm?, FHP e+ Ala] FRESO%. =H WK KLERAMS, SAREA, MA PM: MESA RR, NAH SIS Lie aA EG Sl eR KKK, BMA A A Wasa LA, Wye PB. 1.3.3 BiH aR eR a PE: GEM GE, COME RFEL SSE iT ih Be Hh2.67 ~ 3.33 hm’, 904E(RFEI PAE BL fi 223.67 ~ 4.00 hm’. “AKA Bim AR, AAP: HEAR HRT AS, OSE (Rd AD ALE FEMA AIO kg, BIS0EU FMEA 8 kg; 704E (HE Ah OPI A120 kg, FSOAE FREAIO kg. fA PREF ye PR, RARAR/), JROTKE RATE ARMED 7 ~ 8 KER. HRA HED DERG RIG: TEA MUMN FMR RAR, 60 ~ 700FfK, PK EE ABAD ay OL RES BA RE WY, 2FREADVRRERR KE, BBN MA>SES. WRERERRBEL. RS BUA: WERE KR. BR. AR. KREUERBRSERM, REARS, CBM RMT. 2 Hit SHS I A Po iE & FETE RS 4S FE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 95 2.1 Abe AMDKA BRE A ARKS ES AMRA. ARATERRAGEAAK ABRAM, MRERZAY4RY AVN RE EARL. AR HK AA M602 10H 107 8 nF A344, HL PRAT Zig, Rm AFR AES ER >. BE AO, HER Bt O04F (RH260 7 He ME700A. HRP, HRMARKASS MRE SAE sal ALS tt A) 1 923.029SU, 18 BAUER IE EH B CIA3 538.24 5SU, SABER lt HR 625 HSU, 1K83.91%. MA AH NRE AM ES, GBRISI% MFKSERMRBRKA, BABAK, MHR13I%, CALERMAH BERRY. Ama CH) HA, WKAMAPERARETORH. PAKS, SER Bee 3915SU (63.3%). WU ESZTUSH, HILTERS ASAE, Hh wR, KORRTRAARBHNRS SRT MMAR HRERAS, eH “=”, me KHbee Ret AME SS BAIS, Be See IB Be — BIB BE Ft 2.2 BRR LETH BSS PWR EPABKATLEMW ANB RMA RRS EH, ARE BPA RABE. 1 AMHZAUK, thE HBO AOA ZO AWRAA RSM RAK, LRH. KA Dimi. ATHWHR ARE RMR E, AAIAB80%. MKREAT RH A RANK Ae Pay A AA TR HH3.33 hm’, FE IH33.34 7h’, MOA AK Atty A P22 000 hm’, BE B20 Ahm, PSHKSEATH RAKE SARS ILE AM, (BE HB NKR IAR LAA Ah, PME TERIA LAA BWEX. 2.3 BRERRETE, MREWRZ KHOR, PRERABANRE RTM, ABRIL. Fait A aK er ee pe Ath BAR R> . BOKER ——AB ih Ss De EE A SE AMARA E2000 1, th. RERMARE Ke Yo BiB KATA. 7KYe. (HE. OR. SDR -AARWIAB AW, BM ST He RAT Fe. 2.4 FMAMKAKES, AZERGRRE 2.4.1 BRFMMES, AED ETSB KUK, SURE, BATHE. FEPMAPAPORR AA RET ERAT, MRT AMAR HOEAR. ERMA (CPEARAAB ERIE) a, BRAK MT (PR AK

SS A A A A AST tE. 2.2.5 BASRA 1) PR He Dx 52 AR TT a PE AIS BAe, AN Be PPS A See TAR PE. ANT A AP A HK TF. WMA APR RRA. SRE BAIS PERT, UE BCDC ERS AAR C7 I A Pe RN VAP AC FE BITE FE AN I A) © EJ, AE Bae RE AT A HE LY tt HF tg RR RRA SRILA A EVE (Wu 1998). MA, KHAASAAMKLKARAX. HIN, ALARA PD WAX, FPN Ain Ae Be RRA BURP RA ERATE. TR, RIERA MA DK, Tae ee Ba, IAA ee TR AR A in PPE Sb, AR RA AP AI ARCA TT. IX MRAN—TSER RA, LAAHRS TH SN URUK AES MEERA ACH, KHWMAEEREEA I BIR Z Ia, Al ST ARB ER Fes DAB HE ARK S| ESE EE AES 3 RRAEKAH fH FAY SL AC A = HR LH MEAL RHE 0A LL EB I RI BR B,C HORRATHELTEMAL. Ki, AMES AD MLSA HR E EARNER ROA BLE 3.1 THiA iF ER AE A A HE A ie ES HE AE a a A EE, RP A Hh Se BA RAF HA. FN, RRB BOLEr RRR RHEE MEM Brin ote. Ai, BA) pe MOD MILA. WATERS A J ee AY Sh PA i PR hl ee AE RE. a RAY IR {ETHAN mA ANA FA AM, MME SRA RN Ahi, RE SRT ee eH on. HAAR) PE ea RRM AA Pe, RAR EARN. EAHA BS AZAR A Bien, BOCA MAMKR OE HHA mA Ko FTN SR Ae BP ih RD SRD, SO RAB NY ASE a he A AN EER, TA Be AT AS Sn ee A a AHA ZEA) A] ARE ta AR ENT SEIN, HHA BR th A TER Fi—Fi il, THA AFCA RR SR RP eR TA a. GIN EAT RA, Ay TREE ee BK AY Tt, MRAGA EME TH A7~8 A APREL, URAECH AK Ret. Ri, EH A wae ARH, EH —-TSSEMIRA A. KEE, THIBAULT Oey te RH ee ED TB A J Fd th. KRREKGERNRERHUCOMEDRI-2ATA, MESPHMRSRISALA, BAEZSHNK FREKT. B-Line, (AA IK -M KAS HMR OCR SMA. 3.2 Ht HB), IPR AY BBE Fe PE A FT eh SE A He te A A AA AS, EP RR ORE A id FHL MKC RAFR. MEDERMA RKE, FEB KCRANT REP RRMA, FAURE WMA A PRGA, EAT LA BT Rhee BF RAYA Ie FY — Fe 9 Fl AS Bd Ye EE a, (EE A A ESE ERT Pte: Be FREAD IA, RANE AS SEIS BK ES AR ARR SEA im lel. BL, BRE ROBS5SHCA RB AIACHN, Mes TH BATA AM (Behnke et. al, 1993). Ub, BTCA A he kA} A AAS A FARMS EERO EM NRE K, KASPAR SHARMA LE BAA WARM A, URBSREFATHRAN AIR. WS, KRM REES TARMRNRR (fa GEKSHAP) , ARERR SME, ARE EA AB) EMH HE. 3.3 ER “SEE” RABAT RMS BIA EMAL. E/T, AUNT EL EEF. IRIE TF BP hd, HT A ET A OS. SAM-RAI. SR hw 102 Pai /E WS ETERS HI Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management a ee PGE HE Ds BE OEE AE. PRT, AAS DE BY BLAS PRA BB OY) A a HEF HL AR, thoes — HAE MAW SHAN AR. 4, CTPA, AACA HEMBAMR ARE. ERAN RKRASH Jon Ja Ba eH a CBO H.C Te H A o: EA. ARATE AA, ZEAE RE Sd | AIK BUR I EE SBSH ON, TREE A Sb AN AAA EB He Ba EK, Hl FAS Hh ARBAB SBR, «ca ESE EE SP A EA BR. AN, EAR BEE AMIR A, CEA RU AEB RA ET ST NE Kuk, AFRANCARNNSRAMBAT, MANAMFRAM AV MRAKCEKA, A ik“, KRMPAREST BRASH A, MMT ENE. CSNERANLC- Mew K eK RIFT ESE BOL AN EPH . (AE, CE EK AY BB eR A SE PF SRE, EE RIE RSMAS RA FB POLE RK KRE MISH. KHeW, KLANG RARIURA BAMNE, PEBBTARNKMRERIE. Alt, MRRERMEPA MMAR mB, BA XP ABAVE DBA CRBS SREP RANA FB 3.4 | 5MS RBA AS tal SE BY Fa GR Ae) PG Bo REA ESA. A, PEA RA RP HPERRETABEWAA. MOOT, JFK RAMA A LMR. Aa, A l6+* Ft. 49)R. 98M CHIT200T an ATS) BUC. SNAP HRETT S RAM. BL, Ae REP HRA WAS Ae, HAS A RP eS REM TK. FE/IPEK, AS Hh BGS | de BE PE AT IB Hk TCA ANE T BMS RHEE. 4 MELE, Rik LMARRKAMAH RRA, AT MEMSHH. BRA FS INAB = ET RZ AT He | ASE AS ae a Jit Ey FE SS te I Ee FH LI SEA RS (Ives & Messerli, 1989). Ri, 4iSH EEA Sih BPS, ANGE RRP EDS TE RES BRAT ES, Atle MT niece 7X. mea MAS BZ BIA KER KARR ARP HH ERP AIS ETE. IPE SHI AS EAN A eA TS — APRA HB OL. A, EERE eB BE RFRA Ws BE ai Vad JL io 1) FAG ERE RT LR EMME EWS ERP A BR AREA BEER. MK RATEWSHERP MRAM RET RPM RGREKEEN, HHA R EAMETS HS HB, BE LMRAF EVAR BA AM A RT A SE th. 2) WFR ah SPOR, RUE RES CA RAN TIBOR REN, AAR BHT KH AY > BOT AB — Hi AAS FD, IEE KR EA RPE WS PEE ER 3) FR al BE SHE BZ la) SE OY Oa CE VE A DR EE EP RAKE UA EW ORE. IR et, WARNER MSR) PHPMAGRARAR WSR) Khe: BRHF PUES EE ch Bt Ha Be ae Al BB & DOR AAIE » , mt Ws HERP 5 EH Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 103 4) HISRHRERTS., ESRRDHHARAR RENAN, ECUASBAIHAAFMEWSE PER RRA. AEN NECRAAKARERB TON, HECAZRLCHARER FE, BCT AL BE ESS BS. AH, AREA ME AR SSG AF BY TT AS TE HB TH PE 5) AVUEEAARKEW—-HULE, UEAMKHBMTISEWMSHREAANMA, Mia REM K PATRIA RAAE. ERWWR, NEEDS RENSLAVEAA AK RET AR, W KE EB EANAE, KY AEWSRHEAP RNR A. Mit: PR ARAFRS (49601018) . ABW SS (5947~1997) . PHAFRERAREAMA (KZ951-A1-104-03) . PRAMER “GHLZHK” UPON FAD MAABARAAAAHRLIVGREE BA. ERSEMM RT > XR FTC UR AR BB MD es LL PR A HE AR ES A EHR, 4 (3) : 290~297, 1998 > Behnke, R. H.; Scoones, I; and C. Kerven (1993): Range Ecology at Disequilibrium - New Models of Natural Variability and Pastoral Adaptation in African Savannas. Published by Overseas Development Institute. London. Briggs, D. J. and F. M. Courtney (1985): Agriculture and Environment, The Physical Geography of Temperate Agricultural Systems. Longman Group Limited. London and New York. Cai, L. and G. Wiener (1995): The Yak. Published by the Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific of FAO of the United Nations. Bangkok, Thailand. Dahlberg, K.A. (1987): Redefining Development Priorities - Genetic Diversity and Agro-ecodevelopment. Conservation Biology, 1(4). Grigg, D. B. (1974): The Agricultural system of the World: An Evolutionary Approach. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. . Huebl, K. (1986): The Nomadic Livestock Production System of Somalia. In: Somalia, Agriculture in the Winds of Change. - Epi-dokumentation No. 2: 55~72. Eschborn. Ives, D. J. and B. Messerli (1989): The Himalayan Dilemma - Reconciling Development and Conservation. London: Routledge. Janzen, J. (1993): Mobile Livestock Keeping in Somalia - General Situation and Prospects of a Way of Life Undergoing Fundamental Change. In: Pastoral Production in Central Somalia, BAUMANN, M. P. O., JANZEN, J. and H. J. SCHWARTZ (eds.). GTZ, Eschborn. Pearse, C. K. (1970): Range deterioration in the Middle East. Proc. XI Int. Grassland Cong., Univ. Queensland Press. St. Lucia. 26~30. Quiroz, C. 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In: Rangelands and Pastoral Development in the Hindu Kush-Himalayas -- Proceedings of a Regional Experts’ Meeting at Kathmandu, Nepal, November 5-7, 1996, Eds. Miller, D. J. and Craig, S. R., Kathmandu: ICIMOD. 23~40. (1998): Nomads’ Indigenous Knowledge of Yak Breeding and Cross-breeding in Western Sichuan, China. Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor, 6(1): 7~9. 104 aR EWS Http 5 FE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management | Ses SSS eARAt Ost —— 3h fo BAB HH J. Mare Foggin & Andrew T. Smith* (EA) ZAIN LAF MWA, Tempe, AZ 85287-1501, #H) 1 ile ATRRMEDARNHAAR FE, TR SHARIA ASN, DAR HET UT AE DS EE EPMETADEN. RMAKEBAARAMEWMSHENRETARS, BIRR E) HRM, th EAN RIE OO] A HERE MA SR RE. WREST AY BRT ARP AED SHEN AGAR HSEWMSHENAA, MAM RAR ET Bia EAR, WE AK LE He RMAs HEAWA A. Ah, MP-MK, THERRPMKM SE, KEMAKE BHA Tih ZwoKNBRABE-TER NH. RINKS -AWNBKPRRBARRE RK NARMER AE BL, AERP KT SUA EAA A ESA AREER SER TR. BAI He SEG Sih, FARE Sh. SNARMHASSRRAN NRA. WR LARA NES REKAMABARESLEATUPILARA. B-—, KHARERAS HEB AT A ARAB X (385,873 km’; 44241 4R721,197 km?AI54%; Jing, 1986) , MAIL FARA A AS Heap -5 BPOLAK (Huet al, 1992; Wu, 1997) . WHAM 2,2000HAHB, ERAAREMHE. MW XB AR LH, SRERN MBE RMR A2S0Akm, HPA AN eA 470%. Alt, BAAR RL Bh 8 Ht AN SE HA], (BAIT SAY TE A J BB eR, FEAT EAE HA iH LAER EP Re Eh. Bo. KR NHK PE 22000 WROAYRS Bol, A WT LAA A, ee ey JR AS Ha) eT BRT Eh AY AA Ah ET REY « SAK, NMARBMN MRT AS 5S.6%. KHAREEMa Lee HhE KSC MO AEN ACE A. ab th BBR EE ei a tb YE AE iH DKA BRE PET TLR. ANAL RSE AL AE Pet aR SEA BE (Wei, 1986) . ZE19S67F FIM KE MAR (1966 —1976) WUL+4E? BPO ER AMA Hi, SRF 19854E SCT REO R A EIN FARMALL (Ho, 1998) . 26h) BA HFT HK (Goldstein and Beale, 1990) , Hit SHAM EEHHMUAMAEH HE BON SCH). CZOBRSNAWCASLHRBENESAR, LEUSRHEMKAREL AMAR Ripe A R-ER EAE (Cincottaet al, 1992; Miller, 1995) . SCAN, RENEWS HH SElm>. DESIG AL (Serengeti) PR-HAAURAR UREA RAM FLD, SHAS AS) HBC BKZD (Schaller, 1998) . K—m> A RELA AUR AE KA, QIScRE HG. AEN UP HESASH AE. AME se, BREN -APRREDH —BRRREEAD AAS ANAMEEA (Smith et al, 1991) . 419864199442 ls], BRR “MiDi RAD” Ke tse) AT AY TH ARIA74,628 km’, JLF APABAAARAI/S. RRND SRT ASU Re IRA BMA WAP Coon, wi; Hume;s ground jay, Psedopodoces humilis; JL#snow finches, Montifiringilla spp.) , Wk’ EIHZw CA Asian polecats. Mustela eversmannl. Mountain weasels. M. attaica, PayeevbIl AAR. PRIM. ARMM. FH. Otocolobus mamul) , RHR AA CAWBlack kites, Milvus migrants. Upland buzards. Buteo hemilasius) A K24. JRAIERRE EIR ATE ELLA & (Prezewalski, 1983; Koslov, 1889; Schaller, 1998) . JES, RARITIES FED AH, FORME Ss oe De Be (Smithetal, 1991) . PNMIOMERMAR VSG, HHA T LMA LOA, BR Ufa] EBERT, SR RL eH DK AE EEE AR oP IK A VE 7 TH 9 FE — HN, BARU RHEE MAK, MAAK) ESAS BUR ME B 1 ik 2.1 RSH 4) OSCE OK 6 BS 6 OE Sh ix BET AMR. HER RL Ae eh AANA FAA ABBR. Atk, OR Be. A. RR. ER IL BURA NMA, Lei ARIK IGM ARAS+~B, MOP ARFOMOR. 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BAMBARA S MRM, ARSE MAF. 21 (ARBRE) , RGA na AAR RU SRA, AI HELL2, AGES RSA HAA. 2B PE A) FA A JB on EA 8 A a BA OA, DE ER op A E, GERFEA— SF AICS» BSB SAY, BABA fal SPA AF A DK op a — JR UBBTANARKRAD BEN, ACEH EET AMS BOL oA, Ria kix— te plz DAZ LA A AG th ASR Be. SR BATA GE ST A AY BT A A DR AOR HES AR A Ae RE a] — 1 BR Al tg FO 9 EA th EL 2.3 Ma FL aA WS elt SPEEA Wl EE ARE 103- MH FL DE IX27 TS REA HAY (Li, 1989) . 4£3K103W FFP 1, RMA AH: OF 25%U LHR RARWMIT; @Hoffmann (1991) MHiAA “aK” shykK AK #Zhang (1991) MUAH MMMKAPH “Any” kh “RAM” ; OLMMRKUALZWATHR RM WEA. PRU, BHU RAUA BRS. PRK MEWS HHH BU ARTE IX2 1 EST PEARANCE ISR AEA CLI, 1989) . 4 ER 3.1 SiHFil A Pr 274 Be EAA Le AR. RAKSHA RSRYARSR NEA RPG CHRO) , (ASPAMEVHEAATRIRA—-H, HPOTUZERGALE, SSH A i Ht fo HA AI67 % « Bh a Ea ze RA; APIS AMSAT RAN-R, SAHRA RT RS Re (2). SRAM AH Re Py PRAT CIF 277 BSH ENKRAD BRAGA, MiRKO.3 A/cm? Si 5.5 A/ km. 1X LEAR ee FF AZ (A AK FA RAT ES a CI KAR (4) . 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(M1996EAEMIR EA, —P HAY 108 Poi & FETE Rip -5 BE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management I Ee et eta ame AA, Ht PRIMI T 34% (GXXNJ, 1996) . HAMMAR, weet pt Ay th A oe Ab, Ce PS HBL ee UE Rt A hh EK FB BARA ETA AEN CCCICED, 1996) . AASFEEPRLMREBMRENN REE. RHE ASR ALTE REA BA A. WHKPAERETHMM. HR. ERMAN KREAX (Wr, 1997) . RMEAAAMA Hl lal (1956~1978) » RBBVARAU TS. ANIA AM AM RAN KREA IA AY A Bt FER A I — BL 4), MSL: EBM ARPA HENS) ; BOP RGHRATARM ON); FH D-HRAFEFCR (BRAN. AKARAGHRREAAM SRA TER, AAIRNUAARRAR FAB], AAI tee aK HE EE A RIA (Ho, 1998) . fim, AEPEBAZET0SER ARAL, ESOFELR A) PEAR EE AERIS, CLEA RALEK. ERR, AT GRA KT KATHE Hil, FARE HE ARL (PPL AB BOL) BPR RAN HL. RRMA (FAG) HABE MEK EY 30a, ZERPPRAITE OL FRE EI5S0 a. BISOZERHIHA, IL74,667 km? (48%) WEA —A IH ACS,133 km? (42%) HEB R-KEGRDSATTFARBANE (Maetal, 1995) . SR TT Aa UE HE Ze EHR FR BA Hd BU LEA A. Ho (1998) WH: HE RR ER PE A Ba AE tll MA AR eB BS DR AV (RY BE 2 OE A Be i BE FE BL PST X— fll ER SB TBE, We BRE FA RR” PAE, Ze AY Be ih SS RES REA ARAL, BD, “PRARSH, HAMAR, TPT AMAT AR MARK ES EKA. ” (Ho, 1998) . REMBREKH. FAMERS RE AREA RR TAR BEE. WRB, RA2ZSMAERLRABHIKRAAA, HERA BiWNEWMSHHEGIRP. SXeHE-BAS™ BARES BAD AAT LAR, FORE A RIE SCM ACE ATE. K—-FERGERANUANMAD, MBAEAAD AAR SRK BES. HFK Fede th — TE BCA FJ DK HER. XE, MAM AZAAT REN BRRABRITA KH ARN AREA. Ja — PAE Bek rile Hh BUR HERD iS PTFE AY CURA A IAAI. KHRAE Ui BERNER, KE—SMURE EMF SSIES SEERA, RARER RK BAERAREN RIE, RITETEN (REFER) KRERBABSRM (Miller, 1995; Wu, 1997) . AlimfesewePe sch LA REARS REV AAA h, RON RA S| RMA “HL RAG” Wie BET HE ST SEA) (Miller, 1995; Wu, 1997) . REE EMA MAA 2B BOLAOMA EAS HRD. EMS, FRAHAD, KRSDE KPMTREMWARHEN. SHKMATAN BME BPW EH ON — MD (BEE —)MD) . Dh BB 7 sins SCHR ARF cin AY FE So ER LR AAAS At CWu, 1997) , AMMA sAEWS JL TF 5E ARF ERA PR. TR — FRC BA Se SB TOT BO Pe RAS ORE TD APR AEA BR HE A HY Hn REA PAB BBD. NWR ARE UE, IA TRE HEDD PF BE A oR, FF HIE ORE et 1 PLT SEE. TK SRD Sea LE a a HG 1b AB oP A. Sa — SF RES a EA SA HETT A “DLAI” HARK. PRAM KRM FEAR A br Fe DR “BFR St AT ie ER Me EPA” (Xie 1997) . Se OOFE TR AITO RADE A orth Ee eA EY (SEL EA AU _#BREAZSH, SH RRA BS) , BUR ER hl SAMEERA, KRERARE EMIRS HSH (Mearns, 1996) . Li, Ma#flSimpson (1993)A¢30, ZEA) 2e rh [el — RY So BE AY ea HH HE HH KARZ Ay SRT MGR KE BOL SIMBA EAR ON) NCH AM Ba. EH LEH Dy Ba ll T BORE AT TNE, FRE LAE BTA AS 12 tT NP A BR RIE, OBA RR Ae PRA S HER 5 FE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 109 MJ. Ho (1998) fait: “*A RRR LRERANS RAN BSBA Rin, mo Ate RBA A RRR RRA, PIEPER SAIC KAS... RMR EP DPE, MUTE BHNSRMELNS HEA m. RACKAD MAA KNRRAMER EAH. ” XA BHO RARER RRL ES Ha BRERA RR, ASR ZAP Gl fe i 7S a UR AE AS A OD AES. KA A = Wh SARA RK. EAA BBO REN MS SAT —+S “Wait kl” WB. Dime ee 5H Bhi KR. RMNABAE RENT MAITEAHARM?: OAKRER: O#GHEZSHE; OF EE; OF EHBSZERE (HHARKRD, 1996) . LLB-MOMARRHAARMA, HRZER RPTR-BHY, RAVE PEA. THE TRE RT), ATMEL RS 1 ht BA 27 EA Sd aT Ae AT FSB BAT Te Pa Te EHR RREDS PEN RHEAN . LR RMAR TEP BAIA PT EN BR. a AMWAY, PHURATFRENZSRALANM MK. BOP EBA AAR Rh WSR RD Z MAA » ba RA ae RAS, A AOR A A, BD BCR ROK KRM A ER. RitK, R-BERANRSBAADHE (ABH ENSRSA MMM Fa. K-RARRIELHNSRA AN MEBARSARHNRL HR SHNAE) . MARS BNRKR MEDS HRNAE) . MBE HNARa, HENMREREEH. AAZSELESRARNS RM, WMA-BESHRRNT HM CAE a 1A I ET BER RIM. AIAN eA IK A I Ahh KR, CAO KHMK NEARS RK. AAPA EMBARENRES, BEART RS HES HAMEMARGS -BERSHNA GL. SHERAN, HBPHRNM AEM -MAFRRK VIR GHAR RR PRRBELA EB. WRERDRRAENRNETA? B—, ZR-KESHVTRACRANRR PEFR, AA SHEE BREA RR) SHRERH EBM (HMCincotta et al, 1992). HTINHESBMAUA BFRAA RAR AMRA BARA, RAM S—-TRS EMSS, WA-BER HN ARR KS KES HARM RD, ANRAMS SESAME, WS RSHHeet-TRHNEDEKEHAL — ANTE AR AS BT > BE SAE AS ASP OR, SAA BT ERA. SEBEL, Lang et al (1997) RARE Fa UK Ba BOA IBERIA EAH 3B, KERR ATO RBHEKN. RA, MR EA TREE RRL MKS re, MHRA BME HA Re, ANE ASBM UAE Bd BBS} AFAR AVS XSB-THR, MKEDRRRAW SES -FERGAR -KEG BURMA Mie REA ALBIN. —TEAREEAKAR, EMETEREKHMANRACAAES (HIME ©. GE. HRS) , PRAMECEERD, MURAKRE-D BL (Foggin & Smith, ARAMA) « EP F W015 i — fra ER A. BYMAMEWMSRECMATAKAR? RARUARRREBA. AU HRRURR-KERGK Pil) HHK, REMSREMIK. RMX-KARERUFSLAAGHRIE. LHL, EWSREAADE BE. ARERU RSM Re CAMKASTHA, MBMSHEMNTA. READHRMEDSHEA BRK. AMIAAB3ITRE Zl) (ADHERE. AAS TAP RE) RA-SMAEKA, HAREH MEA SEMS PER KAIME— AR. RAT BE A 2 BE de A — 7 hn BA A AS Aes; ESS LB, RRA ORS Zi, UR RMEWSRECANKA. (78 110 em EWS HERE 5 FE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management Zee Be EES EYER REAL (Schaller, 1998) , LiRRASK-AR—-M (ASA AK ABT WE ROHEAR EK) 2 A—-SERABAEDS HERDER RAKED RRND. RRR AF Hil Ht Se) BE SP A EB AY HX 24 el +E Yn & REE AD EE A R—M—§_ FE ASIN RARE, H—-S NA ——Fl A AW H RASWEWSHRHENEZAR. RMX-KAXSRMHAR. SRYEDHEAMAAKHAZASE, Bi URBOMRBE. HA. ARRAS, CX-KAPHRBAAR, HRAEROASARREAAM ASE BITE. RARE ENERO, CGEHARRE, MRE AME HERA RE, SHRERNEWSHREFELEHK. EWMZRHESEERZEMARNMRZMGE BEMAWARK (r = -0.546, P<0.01) , MHBZKRNHLAARKMRAA A SAX = 0.300, P= 0.12). % SiG, MRAGAMA, BTN AM SEH AAS RRP ERRNO. RIX Let SARA, BAM LHASA Ash, oh a AN es A Ao A, DA A AUGREBEBSSREWMSHEDRS RS A, BRM SER ATETO. “MAU LEB PLAX, URANEHSHTERASHAARSS, TESS BEMSRESIIAH. AsPKNEMSHERIC, BIRR INND SK. GRIN K Inks, URANO K. AOBEHMOAR. AeA SATE) HARDWARE AMS LKR, EESTI AABZKOCAR. EHARASR SKM KALI DS RED laa NE? EM KIX—-RN BG RADRE MAPA TAHA) . Boch PSEA WR EK SH BREWS FEB. 47 WSN MALAY, Hecht Al Cockbun (1990) ##Hi: “BERT & CALPRGAF, PEHRARLMLA” . EPRRRSMK-KOl+, CAFEFIAH, MY LE) HH KA PIL. AIK eae LET RAT RE KZ, KERT AHRBRBRHRA, WA SBME te AEB RFK (QSRZ, 1951; QSSJ, 1958) . FAIR A BITE ILA ERR N BW (CQSSJ, 1958) , EPR SAS RIAH “SURG” ah. BERIE, HFRRRAMRMRT “Aik” » URINE RK RR eB BAWEWABHR EE RHR (FRA, 1996; Goggin, SAME) . 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HmEWS HER 5 BH Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 113 SRR RRS RES HIE A RE Andrew T. Smith & J. Marc Foggin (EAI RAI rAFe MA, Tempe, AZ 85287-1501, XH) L ole EWMZRHE RIE -MKNEA, DHRAEARAARH RA, EMEA BREA RCWRI, IUCN, UNEP, 1992), EWBRHAARHRK S SHARAN mAb, MHRA RAHM TAR RESALE) T BABAR (Costanza et al, 1997; Primack, 1998), RHE MHS REAEAAT H ERS (CCIED) EWSRHELEDANUE, PHEWSREMNUMBAMH SS F442,5501Z 24, 1001L jt (CCIED, 1996) . Mute RULAVAAE (Costanza etal, 1997), K—-BUAA TE HIE TS. PR OARL TA HMRALBRETEMSRERPHN BEY, AN MHEAOSMEEDSREA AF+MMSMCITESHHK. PHEAMIT (HAHAH) (LS-MATKNEHMREPRR , He SREFEDSREN PAT, FMEWMSRREFRTSRERR. BRUESREACARP BBRSLA TURE APREWAR MILES AS AF Hl eM ER RCA. PRN ARR AFR LEE RRNA RRR-RETORRN, Aha, PRAM REA Ae oye ASK HABLA AN TH UF MD HAT HE RP BUR ARERR RMRA2S0A km, APRA aMRHN25%. BRLOXHMRD AF RK, wR FE IX HE Hh DK AY A BCI oy A 4p EA A Be AK 77 KC Ekvall, 1968; Miller and Craig, 1997; Wu, 1997) . BRAM RNHEWHARPHERCHKHEDMRAL Se, BHAA MATAEENDA #i41K A (MacKLinnon et al, 1996; Schaller, 1998) . Hil, BRENMKMOARAKAWRRIIABK R—- AA ARP AW (MacKinnon et al., 1996) . PHEW HRRRP DW A RN MF ABAEAE HA NMR AE A SL, M—-HRReER LORAUARME DWBA RAN DRAM ARWAAZR, Ae ACAI T Fim ELE AWHNE AA (Baillie and Groombridge, 1996) . TES HB Tet RIE KAY K GET EDS ERP LE ESE BAA LE. KBR MARGE AAN-T7AH, WITH RRR ARMA RESAARNAREDH, FMR SR SE RNEDS RTE RESRARHERNKA. RERRELSAA PHAR BAER RENAE, EKO EMMA -H DB RENA BARE AES. (EA UA A HIE KR RTT PRP AS Hi Ey EE AE HF et Di AE AS FRAY EXDREASH. MRAPREKDMER Re Re RE CHHEEDSRERP RR, RAMA AA mR AR, FH IEMA RAS BEA 2 RTE A BEE MM FP PidK@Or LiK—A RASS REMRM, HEMEWMS HH MDAR-ERRAD REN K ilo BRRAVARTRKREWHH RARE: OUMNH MK AU AS ASA (iA Msnowfinche, 114 BBEDZHH RS 5 EE Tibet's Biodiversity Conservation and Management ground jays) AIMiMne MUAH AK: OUGEREKFEH, Ais EWS EMM, OER LKZRPDH ARDY CURA. BH. AM. WR. RS) ALY Ae CNA. upland buzzards. 7. HALES) HMERHANR: OHUMRLRAMTAENESARAH EES; O48 mA GRAB) Fe. 2.1 4 opAt a lt PRR RRALE—-+ERMHHS, FM SMT RRERASH ER, AAR ERP RED. TUR RATISH TCA S ae ST A seHHt, uWHume ground jay#ll /L#fsnowfinch+ 2 FEZE FRR TS AOC SA (Meyer de Schaunensee, 1984; Ma, 1955; Schaller, 1998; Smith et al, 1990), FAR RAAT Ae ES (Ma, 1995). AJAY, Pere David’ snowfinches#llsabelline wheatearsifii #3 ZE Daurian fi. Se A) 34) 2 3X $2. Daurian ft a 2 — FP 5} 7 ZE ea Je EB op th Se De Se HE EAS HE ER (Smith et al, 1990). ASb, SHAM HIE RRA TEA RS FET. DRI RK, eA WATUIA SEE, OH ARS BOXLE Dl, FREE iat rea Jie SY Ee EE IER. 2.2 t8Ante Ay FHas HPA RESAS RRS BDWHARMNKAMA MS, AURA BRAN BREE. AM, MEERA WWEAHRCMK ER EAU, WRAP AN, As wisi dK HAWHRE ti AAiuH K+ (Ellison, 1946; Grant et al, 1980; Grinnell, 1923; Huntly and Reichman, 1994; Tilman, 1983) . 74ES¢4 AER, Dmitriev (1985) AlTsendzhav (1985) Ai 4H WSRHAA Daurian Bt #2 AY 42 Ze ote on (SAE HEREKRF RRC E) . SAE WGN Euphorbia altaica, & Fil Crucifers) RAK 4EPallas RAIA ZK CO. pallasi pricei; Kholodova, 1975) . Atm RR RAISIN MEVARCHRAHARAW, DARA KERR K EER. ERM RRR BARA F, (REA EAA ZAM ARKA. RACKET KARE, AHH EAH ER Fe PD) & EE ZA KA 2.3 RRREA SoS st ah aie Rt Aiki RENKBORADWIRARE ERR ERS (Schaller, 1998; Smith et al, 1990) . RAMEE REEAADVMREBHARYWE, MHAARRAAIR, AKKEZAILERAR-HEDWR. MER BRA, LAREN WEKBK, MHSERASAADW RIES RAMEWSRHN RD. KRY AREER RM Si, PRAMAS ES PAGE, KARE A AU AHN KRieWIEMARA RK REG. RZ, WEARS HII HA, RRNA AIRS ey Jin BR Ge AY AE AS Ai EV & 7 TA Se AY RR BR (Cynromys) (FAW. RAL SE AY S&B A $8 (Mustela eversmanni)—-¥¢, ii Jha Bl eK A AY et ER Se PhO Pt AS AE 1 th 2 FEA CNekipelov, 1954; Schaller, 1985; Smith et al, 1990) . CEE KRHAR SME A ASL KA; BAKE RETF ERR $F 44 FP (Miller et al., 1996) . #A(LAY, SL fh i OBA ER (Mustela spp.). I%2(Vulpes spp.) #ilPallas cat (Otocolobus manul) =) YW) CEAR K FEE _L AB RR EAD (Schaller, 1998; Smith et al, 1990) . BFA SRANBAAW, AUR. SHAR MREU RRR RIKEN )awWAE (Schaller, 1998) . BHEBRRAHED, TRRAEA—HA AWW (Schaller, 1998) . Ain, RHE K Bt Fe 5 JRA AS0% (Schaller, 1998) , MtRRERFRAAKMARRIEARW. EICHK AH DAA, BRAROO“K ASAE (Schaller, 1998). Kb, AARRERRENADWiELAAIEX EE Aub, FAlt=4 Przewalski (1883) KE LiXHAWMNIE CRA U. lagomyiarius BK “RAE”. Lozlov (1899) ZIR RNS BAW SRR. AmRmIRLNARD AMS AER EA B&W, fASteppe eagles, upland buzzads, saker falcons, goshawks, black kites, /)\4#-K/E“#. Schaller (1998) AHN Esaker falcon# PHMZEPI“HAARR, i — upland buzzard SBM MARE P MAA RRNA. FWA, Transbaikalia4k 4 AY Daurian fi Ze PRUSAREH awit PH TALK HI oN F: steppe eagle, 62%; upland buzzard, 17%; eagle owl, 73%; saker falcon 22% (Peshkov , 1957; 1967). 2.4 RTE AAA REA Ds BURR RE RS HEP REARS RRABE WER. RELCERARPHAS iD wm—t, CllteweiemaAtReewi ss, FANT RNBK. BAAS, UR MkKALRHE i t¢ #8 BA HB YE FR OC Ellison, 1946; Grant et al, 1980; Grinnell, 1923; Huntly and Reichman, 1994; Tilman, 1983) . TA HO BR eT EF A AE; TRASH, RRA RSE WL (Ellison, 1946; Schaller, 1985) . YLAIEZ (1985, 1987) AMARA Pp SMRHBEH RAMEE AiKBEN, EXE RADHA BET RABE NER. MFDauriank ANKUR WRI HEINE THE, MHAMKA RENEE KAW EK SNAP. AR CRT LARA, URTRPA, BURNS RYE TARA RCA HEK (Tsendzhav, 1985) . HR RNASE THR VARBWUREMAT KEE, WEES, Heme RA BM. ERE Daurian Bx vial 7 Ab AY FB LE 9 tL Jd FS] ey Sf «<(Tsendzhav, 1985) . Jesh, FEA RMAC Nib HWBREKHN WIRE KARA A MICAH KSeRTIO~ 15d. RE, WH me Ly Sl HN AAA RRA THUNK, ARH, AMR LHRH eas WAM ZR TAK. CeMHSA, PRE LMKRENLE PHA RAN RNA SA i FARK, +A RN Ea Ee th SORE (Wangetal., 1993) 25 dss RRR LKR Ee LHSREA: OQHHMAAM WH EHNA PMA STEAE: OFZ MRLAZHRADWMHBHEMA, FEDMMURRAB: QOQUAMNHARWERKAAHWAAA BE Rh. KAP, LRANMRSREWDSHREMABRMHA. PL AWERASAH HARLEM, BU Xt BEAR BAT Tes RAE AS RSE BEM CLEA AAS, aa AT I i) THE TT XT PR a SAP AT. 116 PADS PE RSs FE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management Pe | 3 RE tl 3.1 BR RRR ARR RERRAA IRS mrb, (BixX—WA eis HA A 2 — (Fan et al, 1986; Liu et al., 1980; Ma, 1995; Schaller, 1985; Shen and Chen, 1984; Smith et al., 1990; Zhong et al., 1985) . x # HIN EMEA BRAK WE UD HER EK Bt EE ZK RK. AKA A CEeRRR, SEH CHA RRO. daurica, O. pallasi) F\R f(Myospalax spp. HA RIA At. EPIX Lee i 7 BE MAR AMA, PEAARRERBADY, MAEMAROY, Abin (BPN BIEN AEDs hl; ExkmMeCPKMAMA “El” ) . RMR BIA Hl A HEZRALCRERUATRAE DARN, MESHES. AN, MRPTISH TCR AB HELE IAM GA ASR ER Ie Be. KE A Fe RK RAR AAA, (Schaller, 1985) . RRA MEENA, BREA TARE KARMA SHAM. EPH RERBAHCRK-H) ERR Bis él LEMMA Ae, Ai, Rik NIAU B CHEMIST ARM, BEE BE ARAN A — 2B A ML 3.2 false Hl toe RAAB LN RASS FR FEIE—* Br HK. AR tH 20304E (REkvall (1964)4¢ KB Hh K TE Net ST waa “TE” RIE FRCL FOC). WRIA E30 ARAMA. hit, BiBRAS “MB” Fe BR RAT YK BT AR SETA F44,720km? (Jing et al, 1986) . He, RWW AA Sie NFL aN PPE EA BSE ES HOT on DAF Hil. XT I FE FLD AY ee RT 19584F, BEAST RN ETT A SEES IM RA. KAN F3 TED APA T 19624, 761963 2)19654F HAlAIAB le (1,300 Ahm’; Smith et al., 1990) , HA BARMERA Brie), (1—BAFSERET A. 14E1986F)19945F Z [A], BEAT LI7SO 7D hm Ay isk 17 He hl) CAR BET) WAIH KIX we | 7 ASL AE ES CQAHB, 1996) . 19977F RA SERA BW BPH eR LE AE A TEDL FS A BC FS HL EEE AS TAY SR ed Ze Pe LAR HOA SCR A Ge i oe at EB (Ma, 1995; Schaller, 1985; 1988; Smith et al, 1990) . IX—IA KR (LA RDaurian Ae AlPallas ht) NIZA PARKS RERCHARN AAT BE HAMAR KAR. IUCN/SSCREAMAWERAUVA PRAIA RAN Re (KS BAA UR HX) TES¢2) RH (Baillie and Groombridge, 1996; Chapman and Flux, 1991; Ma, 1995) . KBAR FEA, RUE RRS OK AREA, MO RAE SEM RE LE RAR AY) fi (i 2 FEF RK ARS ll NRL, SER RA Compound 1080FilFussol, HAT. HERHLER KHL. Ja KAA Fussol 3 FA A ea 0 AF EA, A SCTE BE PE te TSE. Compound 1080—H ft A F19784F, BARKS ATHHE RRNA AWA AME (Smith et al, 1990) . HA PRFERR WA BH, NHANHAASE, LERMAN KRAANAZ IA. Gophacide #lZinophoshi AA BEN FSA. IERIE DUR LRH EC RI ERASER. (ASAE RAEA, WA Tse A a I 2 FAK LA EA REA RK (Smith et al 1990) . Paik ty % ETE RS BE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 117 3.3 PARARBWAKA Te Je BR ee BR DM LA Se cl A A Se A SMU ASH RAPSRMEHSRBHIBL. KERR F ABLE it He Se REBATE (GABI300 HK /hm?; Liu et al., 1980; Shen and Chen, 1984; Smith et al, 1990) . KAA UBRASERAKE, ANAT RR eee IASI—E PRK, MAR RiX IN FAP ea TSS. RB CBA i ee RE Ae KAR. SHES. AFA SRN RAN, HRM, ARE RK, MR RRA BE RMASCARA eH (Shi, 1983) . AH, DaurianKhREAdt eRe Eth A jie KM PUAIB( (Zhong et al, 1985) . MR, H-MRERMUASHM RE RLNtRMBRS HD WD), +B he BRAC HN Ea PET AY Hh AFR & Fe(Cincotta et al, 1992), (RH BETERWHMEE, RR AKC RREN DSL SE HRA BK. RRM STA, ARERR OR) & AT Pie, CEH ABR ACER EH WCincotta et al, 1992). Shi(1983) AA Hil RRA HY FA ATT EE BOA IROL, RRA ih BED FS A EE Fe a BR Se PFE BZA SE RT RR A EA ee SR RS «(CO ARARLA L HRP LARREN, MHSRAMEAAMR, AKRANTRERES WHR RRSREN EA (Jiang and Xia 1985, 1987) . AM4RANKEARWEN, HRAWSSRAHRWHR (MERGER PY AIt ot; JL; Jiang and Xia, 1985, 1987) . BRARWA ATO BUR OS eS Se le I (Lang et al, 1997) , FRSeti le) Frc ABHEHE BACAR (ON BEF Ligularia) (Schaller, 1985; 1988) . Schaller (1985, 1988) #£—2ARAUIIZAS, RRMA BAB REYNEE, AmB eRe HARRDRHMERK. Auk, ERR HRARRIETRSREPSOYW, MEBLTKSMRRE ES BUA, eho REAE, (ERATE BAA mi. Fa ie re Jaa ee OE Ae EE) RA A ERE, EMR RAN REPRE EI SE PRAGRE me, 4ARZA “BL”. REREN ABE “BL” MKC MER, (Bix Hak Al oR ZS Te FE A fe ARR RE, IR HA AE. UR RREERUA RSH “CS LE” HRN ES RA, AAR RADE RAE WAEAM EB, FACE RR, BLL BN\UAERASAS PLP RWIS XK (Schaller, 1998) . m1 EmzBA, FE Z2304F Ekvall (1964) width J Sec PR “BE” WLR. KEN hich RRR ZH -RREAT ee A ia. ZEDTFTAY 2 hr’? MH KMA HOR RR, RMNDAITHEMAH: OQUWRALENSU (Carex spp., Kobresia spp.) ; @tthR PAR AY) SY BE Hp AR AEH (HE1~Sm) ; ORL. BK Py Awe AR A84%, (BERAIH800TR SICH, 47.7% KAAR REE. AS, RilMls TRB HI. REE, WAU RRA PRTC GK Fi SH Ei PIN ASHAI) 2 K AIRY Bit i AN MAETT TREE, DEINE MARR. BPRASMASES Hit FEUETT T 192M KEK, RANT RRKESAS RRA A BO 7 eA ET A 9 ll (Dobson and Smith, in Press), Alt, BSRIRIER MMH RRS EMAAR TE, (TAFE AR UE SE IX — Fi, Bei 228A Bet re HE Be Hh A A Bs AY ham “B+” CRM Riki. HP-HPUALRRATEHNEHBEURER PO) eSB tek 4 F+ HG nz CHS ——ik FY Be a SB I Hl “BE” FE RAR CMa et al 1997; Schaller 1998) B-FPRRUA, UDAKAP OED, AWMKROAR RADE, eT SUT ee “BEE”. RA-MUALAT RRM RREAMiche, 1988; 1996), K—-BLEL ARE RNAM 118 HRtEWS HH RPS EE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management Ay dy KE EF RAK BER, EA A 77 TED AR LH A OP A TSB“ EE” HOT Ke 5 itt 4.1 GRIST X AY A) Reza HR ARM AE VASE PERE DS ERP EE he A, BLE REN EP Ete 2 — EBT PE BRR EKis il] HLBRARKAHESKREDH, MRSPHMEWMSRERRAARAN. RHHANMR ARS BRAVE i, NRT BME BRNGAETRANTA. MRR RRR, RM KE—F es HTT UA AT REAR, F#—-—- 5H EWMSHEMESARARP DN Bt eR. 4.1.1 ARERR Fa BY) BR pg Ss lh DB KD PY AS ae Oe a Da EAS FASE AY 1h EB Ot EA & HE 1. PCA KMARARNTWMSHERERK, MAAEWS LILP EATEN. 2. HIER RRR K, AAMT RARRE- ARE, REAM CHSHADDAMED KUALVAN, CNEESRAPRBBER NEA. Ak, Wea RC— UNA RE RE BIA KX AS 7 BIE HDG i et RAS Ey FE EAD EAS ASEAN IE 78 DE 4.1.2 RRR PRAM RRR IK, MARAT REWER. 1. EMCARKAARRHUUWRARREA, MBAEWS LEILA AEN. 2. KSRSHUTMEET: MMAR RAE mT ee Re ES ARAN EAHA. fet EA30 PT TARMRNER HE, RRNFSHMKOCABKIRAR. RMRBARAMRNE HD, BREABMES AARRKRAI APM. REABMEH, AMEBALE A, RBMTAHS, K MURA BAMA Se NEM RARCRRREM) . (RA, RHR RAS RAK Tho 4.1.3 WREARZE Ba a ZE Ee la aT La aK NIK Fe rill A MASSE Fs fe» LB Se SL Be A FR ll BY Bs ET), A Bp Hl AY BAB. MUN BMSHREKRBLE BERD RNA (MERE) HAST RETA %, (ARAB AUAATURN AU RERRS ME RE AESRAPRREDA NA. Bil BZ, MRENMEAK, RERHAEWSHENRPNESRAN WARE, (EMRE HR 2 EBON Ia Ae AET, RA ESA RH MAM. Ak, MRAP HA REA TAH 4.1.4 TRERZO FHS BIKAR. PRK WS PETERS HH Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 119 ERAA MM AMET AAA. aR, HEA —-TAMMR—— RARE, ALF BAR AREAL. ARLE HE BK ASS RABE AUER. Pei (1997) IER R—-ARPMHAS VER AAT TEE 0 aE — SR AT Te Dik BR Sha DS al), ATT AP RY AT — EAB SH BY AAS A Fae TEA PL AS. AY — FE ll He HE Se AT AAR AS Jie A ee eH ATT AP Et HTT AS BER. RAK MMRAM, AAA HIER, VERA. RPL REE Tix BGR FRI, MANE EB ATAT CSA Bt L—A# FR Ek. 4.2 SHH hKinee ANMPREKWC ST POR RMeREWSHRHERAREMBER RENAE RARAR PHT. FE aR VATS tH A Ie VAM SESS. EMER, 4“MERMMAES REWMSRHA ESAGRP HNN, ERRAU RRA) OLDS ERAAPHNKEEDRNAALRAL TL. AU RNBRAMHEBTRMNESASRPAIE OE, BE. EES) RWS). HEATH rp #y EG He Se oe A DY A ES Pa) DE RHE AS HAHE (Lang et al, 1997; Miller, 1995; Wu, 1997; Schaller, 1998) . BelATDViQ KAY AL EAT AE EAS ASEAN AR BA EE — FAW WSK, ALARA EWSHRHEAK RAHN. AXKBRKEAHAARR REZRAPIAREENARA2Z—, HUARKEARRAS NAR AR RES RARKERRATDE PAS, MAN Ie) AS A — BBS. Ri KRERWIUCN-HOMAP RA. 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Acta Thenologica Sinica, 52 (4): 12~49. 422 Fae E HE {Rip 5 FE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management She HH Joe OS UE 2S ik iis 3 El Bx & fF Fie EM RAS HERA RP eR SRS RZ (BRABLRKASB, HF 850002) ED RAR REDRENBERAARL—, LEWMSHENBEAKHD. AREA Re ROSE, Hu A, ASR, RA LA, BRERAF ENED RAR, LHALZSREDHRET HZ — o 1 mE RRA EDA IS TE FBBA “UFRBA” 2H, BMAA122. 840km. (2 FALAI27°~37°, KRATI°~99°Z lal, AP 2TH, MALBmIOTAL. RARARAMMHNABMBE, BKiA8 848m; RIKALRMRHES UL se Ab, ¥eH110m AA. AFWCMREA. BRERK, BARA. WA. BH. RA iH. RPSSRAURRE. MRE SAM a, AKA ee -FI95,000 mm ZA, REE #33K7,500 mm Ut, ERAMKRSHMKZ—. MAH, EMS RAILTSK, Kw Fic. AA KNEW IAL8~20°C, 4A FHAMBEEIOCUL, KF0°CMBK 7000°CLA Lk. ABER, BK, BME WRBEKRA. MILMKF 0 CHifm> HULK A3I500° C, BRVFMHAREKKE Pam RAH SIEM ST SRESAST HHA, MKT SHEARS, HMRET VERE. DHRRERERMERRK. ERBMUAH, HK2,500mL Fae. EK. Re. HR. AR. HR. SSH SRE: R2,500~4,100 mHMS HHT PARANA HE, BR. HE. Bi. We. HH. HH. KAR. Bh. HR. BM. RSSREMNRD PARED: BRK 4,100~4,300m AHH —MR AAR. 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RMEZDAERABRAMH, BH Riek, MRR, RHADASARE. AMAA. RACKRABARZH, AMAR AH CX, EZQRPMEVAREMH. ERABANARR, DHES. SANE RRHFSH. RH Ste ERRPARRS, WS RE A, RNAS, RENKKEK, BA HNLARBKRNBLR, & CAM 4A. REARS, TTA FRA BHR BRAHMS AR, ACHHSABA. BS. H dE. BHSIEMAAE, URSHEMSZHRAMS. 44FK2,000 m UFHKRARARARWENA,. WE RAR. BRANES. BSRHARA. KRBLAHES, URKBRHSKEMRAE. PHM SAP he. ARK, REN. BRR TE. MRE HRS. 1.6 REVEMMRAR PEFR PT Ft J BE UR R22 F137 TRL 8OR A MAR, ES PRA. TERR HE RMA 8 Nt, One se. He SE. ANU ES; BRE RR ESOTE RD AT eA. HRP UR DER AX, AMPIRIA200. RAIA. HRAAAIT A. LARS LL ik P Bee 1,500~3,680 mAI Hh ta HR)» BRN MAAS RAMA, FR HEM A 20077 ERE. BBA 3 “SP, Bl ea Pa ie AI FE KBE AD A A Sh 5 | SEA EA Lk, PEK Ee PR He EAE RA, oh F IK1,700~ 4,200 miusKA, AMAA, BRAFHIOm. MTHHASHR, AKER, BRIER, EAA SbF LAS “SERB” ; SBE TE EA 100S FM RAL. BARA, OL. PK. PERE. EMEPES, HER A1,500~4,100 m. ARAZITH, HP EMAAR. AR RA lLOSA RA, ONPG. H.R, RR. RARER. KARS PRS, RR 126 PGA WS FER 5 FH Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 4) 4a EIR PS HELL RAK, 4895) 71,600~5,000 m. MRERASESFPRLAEHH, BNR. EME. ABE. BE. MRS, LEMMA HRA, KAA A2,000~3,300 m. AK J P= aA RAIA APE PGA, A EDR ST. EER ROE AAA, ERP F2,000~ 2,400 m, BAHAR. BPR BIKA, 4 YZ, PARA A,500~4,030 m, HER TEAR +, MHFULMBHMBPM MAAS, AMM E. CBSA TELM eh hr AR KA RARPLABRERRH OH, MHKSEAN “RE” RRSBK, —MAEI~12ATR, MBIA , ERPRARHL ARR. ARDEA rh SERA, #4K1,700~3,000 m, RH2008 4 Hts, RXDRRE, BARES, MAM ARD. BAA. AA, BATH, BH 100 seb, BHEMMAM AKI. 68 m, A204AA, EKARRY, MARR, DAE. AT, Te eS h, 4EIR1,500~3,000 m; FFE RWA EH BE BS, REPO HER. BOL RK me MEL BERKS RAK AEA, 494K1,500~3,000 m. BIRLA BERR. FA) BRR. BRR. AKA BRIBE. 4K AR BRA ANZ PE AY RES, ERR. UR. RS A, ET. GB WS. WH. CASH, #4K1,200~3,100 m. RRMA APA 1 NAA, BO IZA A EAR PK, #800~3,400 mo UESh, EH HE LL AS ES A PPK (#8 4K1,700 mL FF) , ASF ER. Me. Hi. Bhat; Rik AWK (442,000~3,100 m) LAT. MAS, SiH; FES RAIL LAA RK (CK3,500~3,800 m) RAMEN AA. 2 Wa mT A RR RP A EUR PORE RAR RP. SHRM LaF 1952. MAREE, ER AACA A IETS Ph, FASE ABS ee, Ai IE PEA BRE AY in FP BA EP EARS PARA. 19784 Wa ABP PRI HR, RAI RAR ET ZARA. RP SEH. OSE, RE WH MR RNR. FERMRI, MAPS SRE RARE, OU ARe RaSH B ARATE RATE AAR LE ill, BRAN E BA A ta AY all se Se ET EARLE RH 2.1 FOMRARKR ASR 40Z FERAL KKRASH, HMEAISKEMHT. MABASH, BABS CNMHRK,. Of AESRA, ARR MPH RRR ESTER WR, AS TURRET REBAR RL iy 2.1.1 F$2KRAMRESS SOSE NMA, PER RES TEA ERS, HED ARNE SUR EAB EA A. Aik AHEM CT) RELI, BRAGA CES) BPAY 5} AK Eh AP RSA. COE RATIOEN, PHASER AKARN RAS SR, ESR PAM MRED RARBHERSWR. AEKGRSWR, PREAH RAG 20008 , MAR T RE WH A RRS EMME, AWARE TEN RH, BAK WN SHS ORT PAS BR « 2.1.2 (EMM RAR AS ER Fu ek 502E RES AN FE KR ED ESE EK. RF 50~704ER BHT EK SBAIWE, (HARZAH. WAAZGEH RE, MEN KAEMHRH A PRE. Ak, ARKH FO ARR A eK Fa VE AER TPA BAKER, HORAK RAE SRA Ascii. «198047, BAPEEB REARS 6CR2HWiKAER, 19814F~ 1984 HRA RST Uw. B #8. AMM. ARE. FeeE HK CT) PP TER. 5 EPSEA A RMR. TBA RARE RAE 500Z AM, FRI STPEBREMTE GCA) WER, WRBZIORAMLEW4,7540 HAA. ERE ABA STEM RARN AR, $B SPRAGEE, AOR RARHAAM RA RA ES ENF 2.1.3 (EMMRARSRER Ri RAK RAE SRE LAME, BREEAM RLM 198047 REDE RAMS WA BARE AB, BP AR BL Be ED ih Pt RT A ek Ae BL eS I ASE. 1981~19844F, ARTS Biss. BMH ARKNS A. AME SINIOSA, H2084 FL H65 4 At RAR, AMT EW ARS RR. 4PM eR YS MATH (i) . 694A. 1,2714 3, 2,4507. MEPIS MH HF. MA14,787f. KKBR, WRIA OUT in. BER RIA YM, RTM. WH, RHA ERS, HT HRARFERMAR, BART RRS BEDNAR. DHRESRR. ACWAHREST SRN. RABAT, AZAD. Wi. DRESRMBCH ARE ST WR; AERA S EWE PE OHA T HE. 2.2 HRM RARSBSSERR SOF RMSE K PARAS, FOR RREMRELU RAAB A, 265) ete AY a) MN, MKAEWHRARUSRMKR, WAHEE, ARAMNARAH, BAU -MERMAATES, A Pai E SR EN — A — Kan PRE i SOK, AAA AAT RRA, ARIE A EA KEMAH At. TE. BARAT A SK. ANGSMS (PR) i RMAS) (PE) Zen Abs) A CPR Amt RARE) SLSPHMMT NMS. 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REBAR, a BUSCH EGE Ae T DURE VE DDR PEMA 42394). 19872, BAK AHR AE BE Ae MELE Rb MA AGEARBUTO EMAL. ERT RENE, Ai Uls PAR, ARAM AAA, REAM RA, GRR ROO, PRET PEER, OREM ERR04E DLE, PSUR AEN 5 OER L. 3 HREM RRR Se BRE ARSRNEWHRAG, RAMANA, BEARS. PIRI SRA MEF NRERESH RNS, THREW RAR SSRN ERE RE, MRM. M2 AUR MEE HRA, BORER FRRAB I, SENEOA RRR. FERMREST JRE. A, BNHRMAKEGARFUAD, MORE RARETOHRA MRP. SHS Fi. BHMAABR. KLREVRRBHSSE: AERRAEWAUERED: APT MEH ne RPK; MRR-HSREI SSA, AMAR. FRA BIMBC; AKA DHESIS A Sb ET Fi. THREW RAGA. SHARHRLER RELEASE, PERAK, wmEAR. 3.1 RR AR MERE R AW FRAME HED AS RSERCAAR. HEAFANZAD. MH. RiMERMN TA APR Hi, EA — IAB A AIL i EK ET ARS ALAR BE AH; DA -EACWRELABWSRE EMBERS, CA -AAWINR. RK. KS. EAS RKRA MA AMARA AAMT S. A HE, DS RAR DURA S LBM ih, A 2 ~ 3 SER TA LEE DA AE Te RSM, HE-DR SE 56S BG EW Ft RR UG EE 3.2 (EMMRARNBH. SERRA PG HED FT ae TRUE AY SER SS Fe TPES EE BR EA SR, TT SEE RR AR BE Tl FY RE SE TE. ARETE PARRA AT, FS ~ OSE Ta), PURE APR RET SH ASE HRS SE, REWAROMS (RE WH RAGA) (REM) . eet, SEA Sh tO VE FF FE a ED Ft A UR UR. EAL. RE. ERR SRAHR, AAS ARLE ADA AR Be, AFIS RRER AA 2 OMAR RL AR 3.3 TERR ARM SS 3S it 40% EK, PE RLAY Ae BLT AP 7 ll FD ae ea PT EI a RA, ESE AN ED SUR TCE REP OK. (BL, BMA SRAN AE, RA AA RE RA iit BATRA EK, ERRKARKA CRED ACR AA, 8047 EMER BK RARE, ARSReEMRA RN ACH, BOM THICK. Auk, RRR 5H, —ERRAREAM MCRAE, UTR. DAR, KBR IO, ERA A PERE) S FETE RY 5 EE Tibet's Biodiversity Conservation and Management } 99 FNM RBA. MRAM A, TROLS MA, =I EW RED RAIMA, ARF F&A Sh A El AFP 3.4 BUPMR RARE ARIK MAE HEA FIC RHE, MRA RHE SEALED, ICE PE HAH hy AA AS Dk WDE ED RAGA. HRN MAEW. EWEEK ZHARM. RUSE OME WERK, HTKALER PHB, ELKLARAADTRA ARKSNKRHM KA 130 mt Ws HER 5 FE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management SRSHHES Ee RHKHR MRE: MASTER 6448 (HME BR RRA Fhe tH 850002) AP, KKAMAFSARAMKNHERRAEWL—. HH3,500 a BT, EILIE, WARK APE RUE SWRA. ARSON RA KR AE, PAM, FE KREPABKRENAN, KANSAS AIT, SHR ADAAMKBSEWER. KARA fet FAURE LU, Io PAR. IER RR. BARR RSE ee SK, i ASRARMWHAH AREAL, KKAZWHRASRAARERA SMM. UTERK, PRNAS FFA RH PP AY a EN SSB AR ARIA BARAK RARE, BROMA HCL PRAT AR fEZ—. 1 PREY AF RA 1.1 BARA ALTE BRRIE PR “74” ; iPM “Hull-less Barley, Naked Barley, Uncovered Barley” F; RMBAFSE KAA PROF, GN7cH. KAKBS. CREEK (Horderm Vulgary) PH—-HRH, ZSRKAA SM ARKK. RKASRKAMNKWMEF: WHERE PRERAD SHARAF, MA SHA —PARGRE; AMAR. KAA REALE OKA ie APE DDE A Sh a EP BT HL, CHARA PKERRADSHTAA, AMR. RKB GRAF UARAEDR, EF PASRKOA RAR. PRA RAH, EMULE PAY RMT, SRE ei Pw Hil RS AP ih, ONAGSE, RK NARS, ARK “Re”, MASK “KS je” SRARKRMAN Bin. BRANES PHAA BS, SRK, HiT AM Be, MMAABAZN REP RRMA. AHR, CPAP RRA 0% tal BAH (5MSKEAKF-RKE BH RDr. B Rosenegal HIMMYTAK# B FF ADr. Virar HAAR) « 1.2 BRA Bem Bie Tate. PERM RAEW2—. CRE RTI hn R= SRAM #E524,000 m LAE AU Fr Hee rea ith AA i AS a; A CEE AR Et HD; A ZEB 1 A KAMRREAKA TSK; PER CHS RAED OD. KSA RCA, CHIR ERK T KERR MM ATA, RSW KABAARAWK. SRNRRAEDW. FRNA tHe A AGUS REN, ARNE. TERME RK CREED A TT UA. mEWMS HERP 5 FE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 131 1.3 BRHBRKA Root ma BARNA ERA MAI BERATED, HMLARKRS AHMAD R40“KHh SAW. AN, ZBFRGAAH, FHPHRARA SE wR KT SA)AMm, —MA8%~18%, FWK 1%, BZHFHHSAARED. 1 EZBSMEMHMANL FMD Tablel Nutrients of main grain crops Ii A EK WK BR BRE HER AJR (N*5.7) 10.0 15.0 14.5 11.5 15.0 | Bai 5.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 5.0 eH 73.0 66.0 59.0 54.0 59.0 i 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 EA IT AT HE 5.0 10.0 15.0 13.0 13.0 IR#} 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 M (#1) BWUSEK, DR. RK. MRA, FRA PHRARABREDE, BTEX, RKESUED. ANBREASMAHAZSS (FDF) SiH RAED. SMARN ARLES BANRE, GHMABIASO~65 g/1002N HRRiH. ANAK BE) PRAREHRAHER, KHEERGCHERB. FRANK EAM, FiWAA4~ 8H CHEM, UKKRASEHR att (AAR) Die PR HEH A BRT MIAFI 100%, B-MHRBNSSHUKRAKBARES. F REMAR MAAR EAM TM, PR PHRAR. B-HRBRAN BET MAES HA SAE HPHAe. FRNEBZSARARPERRHANAET (22). SRR)DRHNERABALR, BRAM PRAMM, MAR B-eRBRM TRAP NAS (3) . 2 SRFVRYAMLAHEZSRKD Table2 Main nutrients of naked barley seed and its primarily processed products ii A FF AL He RE PRL AR ON*5.7) 14.2 11.9 127 14.8 A As i 2.6 2.0 2.4 yj B -(i, RE 5.8 3.1 10.1 8.4 AN OY YS HEFT AF HE Bt 5.5 ie 9.5 6.6 BYTES ATE A at Del 9.3 9.7 RAFT MAT HE 12.6 4.4 18.8 16.3 R3 BR )AARSAMHEZSARMA teK Table} Comparison of nutrients in flours of naked barley, wheat and oat ii A AER INBE Fea AMR (N*5.7) 13.9 13.5 14.0 #A AG 2.82 0.89 3.21 B -(i. aRE 6.57 0.14 6.67 ANY BS PE IT FT HE 9.68 1.22 — BY YEE TT AT SE 6.37 0.43 _— EIT MAES 16.0 1.65 14.64 RMD 65.26 81.7 61.71 132 Pa tS EER 5 EE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 1.4 BRA RETE RA KREELKEBREERKEA, KMURKAANRMA “TNA RMA” . HK, KRATKLAR HAKKARRSNRRAEM. HERERRMARTNAARERNRAR. MAR. TWAS, FLA BS BN Te IT AE, DUCE YET ATE B ~A AA h = S in R. T AR RFR, AMPRRKA FRAN BARFSRAL. MHWMARRA BRE onl CR AAA, fA RAAT SE FS BPP AR FT Be As AS EA. eA J A AS TS mn (#24). B—, MitBBe, ATHRPAARANT MATH, RARRRAA LARS, AE MR AA EKA, KA RR RI. #4 RABR. )RMARA—TPARMBIABAS (Me/DL) eK Table4 Comparison of cholesterol in serum one month later when eating naked barley, wheat and oat) BAA BAS BAA BAS BART BAG SAAB RES , 176.0 197.6 178.6 173.3 256.4 247.4 HDLAB AAR 36.7 43.3 31.7 33.9 46.9 47.8 LDLIF AREA & 119.0 132.6 120.4 113.7 172.9 156.0 LDL/HDLIt fi) 3.6 3.3 4.2 3.7 3.4 3.3 2 RRNSHERE MRM ER ORY TE BRRWUT DA, KAELDA, SEAM. EASHRAMK GRD RA (Winter Barley) . #3 FA (Facultative Barley) ##t£ (Spring Barley) 3 #PRAY. MARMERR SW AESAAHRYR A, FA NE 3 HAA PNAS RMAMRYRECARKES, PRRRBHESHAR,. ERAGE PA. MIERK HHRRAAMLAMAMNAAR, BRA OME AE kT BtER ER (Waxy hull-less barley) #il 4ERACERS ER (None-waxy hull-less barley) ; RHHARNIPAAMNBRARAEARRSTARY, WHE fn itt i 21K BA RRRES . MAPL, KREDI KARAMEKEAATH. ER, MAKER R288 2H, —RKAUHALUTEH, SRAKAWUHA221F SH, PABKAUH ASEH, BA RK WAAR, BREAK AWAAIOS EH. ASMA RAL, RIFKRDAK, BF Zi), ABRHBAREK. PCRRGAKRREEREKR, PRESHKARAPRRS DAR HK. HK PEK RK i A2,860 ~ 4,350 m. Ib, Bal Sh 4 300m AARAMEKR (SH) HHA ERR BAH, ALEGPRRUAL—AIRCRAED, HHARRGAKRAMNRMRE, FB ROALD. ERR L, RAR APY ATIATIOMU EL. RILFAOHRWREE NA: ANAC RAE BREEAM BRN, DHREERAR ABD te (FAO, 1996). Mix ERLRKE, ROKRMEBAERDETCHNREKREMREA LH ABH: BWIHRAHWLHA REDMASWSRREEAMARBRNAAHES AG. ESR RK SWE BRAG RS, HES ll fase. HA; MAE REN, BWR, SAK RR. MRRKRSAREREK, EX. KEREEC HMMA REK. AT RRA ARIR, MLAWHKRRAM HES AM. Kt MAKAE Die TRAN A, GK RRMK ADAM, REHRKRKRSARAAHRD. EWE PREERAEDWE HARES BEHE. BILK: SWAY, WRASSE Bi, x EEX. EXAARE, PRAEBKHALTET, LRAREAEERAED, UREGREANEFE PoE S FETE RPS BE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 133 RAR. AN, S-baeeAT HL, ERAT A AK. TERE Am He HES A, ACFE A ARE, ASE FF AY Fea DR ARK BY DARE RR. eb re ER AAR AS FE A AB T BA EAA. BZ, ERRESZHESMRARAE, ARR RATA AF] EH EAH Kit ee RAMA, RERRMKT RARE AAA. BRACE KHALRKAT, ZRAREARBE Y, EMAAPPRKESH RN WAHL t]. ANABRABRPESHREKELA ROA REA AVE, BREN EMARERAA RRA. Akt, ARAB MEU, ARO ARAN KAS BD te BE AY FFE RRA, (RAK RWB F RA ee SRI RR BREWZRENAERP SHAKAAT BRR AREA ED Re. UA RM REA BKMURPAARHNESE, FREASHERAUR, KRHCHAREDSRENKLA, BVLARART FPL (HX) . ERSEMM RZ. EW RAS RAR SBRKS RE mR WRC. AB: VO) HH EL, 1995 Bhatty, R. S. (1992): Barley as Human Food .88: Barley for food and Malt.ICC/SCF International Symposium, Sept.7-10, 1992, The Swedish University of Agricultural Science. FAO (1996): The State of Food and Agriculture. Rome. FAO (1996): Food for All, World Food Summit, 13-19 November, Rome. Mcintosh, G, Jorgrnsen, L., Royle, P., and A. Kerry (1992): A Role Barley Foods in Human Health and Nutrition. 152: Barley for Food and Malt.ICC/SCF International Symposium, Sept.7-10, 1992, The Swedish University of Agricultural Science. Tashi, N. (1994): Food Preparation from Hull-less Barley in Tibet, Presented at the 15" American Barley Workshop,1993, Guelph, Canada 134 BBEDZ RH RES EE Tibet's Biodiversity Conservation and Management maa SMS lt tRP RF (AGHRMER WT 810012) 1 AREMREN SHE PEAT A—+*+ 820008 FALNEAEAKA, SHRARERNEDRECMABEONKA. FEMRMEANUR, CHRAWDFEWMSHHENRPSTRAAA LEMAR. BAW RAAIT, AFG HW 191 F682 )82, 085%. Hep, BA14F35 R50; HM KAROM, BBE ROM, PRAAZ0RL55 R118; ARTF WORL 124TH; RFA W131 F581 1, 895A 141 AHH. Sh, MA WASTER 159A, WH WA5SORFAP. 2 je 2 FAN AH PAAR WEED HTK 3,000 m 2 5,000m HWE, BUBA, BURA WRAP tt, FINA -BOT TMA, KPA. HP, BAD Am 4,200 m ¥ 4,800 m ZAAEBH Tw. PERU AA RURARZAN WARK, MARRS, MAMANMALRAAD HEEDAER—-TH. OQFRUEPRBRZL. KAKSACIHRURA, BROS, TAN, XRAWILF SMM AT RA. 3 PAIN RE FT SEA A TR HERA BAREAB WA TiRANARR, CACM ET. Hit. Ee. AR “Ah” HAR KA, AMMEHREAVMALR ES RENE. SRAL SOAKNAWRERP ERAMNK HREARBD, ANREMLEWHNBEis. Al, FRAME TREAIE REMIT FRA, GRARERPAA RRM. AR, BAMIEEMAR ANA. RRNAMEN. 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SABARPKNEMEEEADA AAA EAR Boh Hh EAS FN ET RPK, ET SF EEE RR I tS th RT GRP K. BRP KEV AEE “RACH” . “WAM” “APA”. Aa, Hees ARANAMKAISRREKS, BRKTBARRPKERSHS SE, CRRA NEBRRIAD, 18 RERX-MENAFRENARD. KRXBBTAET AMR ARKAEAKZAMAKE UBER RPK WHAM i 2EPR RRMA PK ME RCA N RRS TE Fa BRK Ae YAR CE ES HEL K-80 km HFA, TM SSS HEL AK th SFE LE eI AR RM2—. REAR MIAN KAGE ABG LAG, RRA KAD. ABRAXAS ARES LAE. BHR KE HANIGE, CMBP HS RP 7 HAI 2.1 BARPKATENHA BRP KAZAA RH, BHHRS. FRRMEPMOMUSA: 2.1.1 I RTRIP Br PRP KA AACE A A, A RP KEES ERP. ARSC AEE RET I FE EAR HE BSE AS Hi UE AR A 7 TAA FA A os. SETAE RP CH. HY FFE KARMA AT Eo 2.1.2 KBAR AFR BBB IL Ft Bl FASE ERP AET MRA A A, AA BURMA A A RES ERWHRAEA (Zbicz and Green, 1988) . PAE WHA BILE SRAKHBADD, ECNIASRRAARMWD HR WMiLF, MEWREA MMA. Pon, AI eS tee Ce Pe ee A OU AP BRE Je A i FY A BE hz AEE (Bishop per. Co., 1998) ; SA FKIRFRT RBG BARE RAE IA Z al A Sk 146 AREWMS HH RS 5 EE Tibet's Biodiversity Conservation and Management (Aharma, 1994) ; ¥iife WFP LL th EE A SS aS 7 Ta EYE 3X CKalpers and Lanjouw, 1997) . AERP SLR, BRRPKAEELAN. 2.1.3 BARRERA ADAR MBAR. HK. MRSURERERREWAIN ARE, MARMRADBEDLAINA A. A TR) BRRENEWSREAMIERN EM, ARUENRPRETEH, BREECLEDEN. 2.1.4 MESSRMEMSARPREABE HRANRPREEBRELRDRP ER BABE. DBA MILNRF KRDERLARKRENY mH, WAKR. Hak. SBANKSRURARNRH. EARFPEA, AARKRECMRSEANLA, Lh, —7 Hh PPA AS ABE Se Bl 6 EM ES RAR SBI. ABU, ED RER HH Ae 2s PISS TKR, BFE Bhs LF EIR AMAR RP RICE, UT RP RASS TEF AR TARP EAT YH. KEARKRA NEHA KAA MA Gh BE cb AY BE oh Se EET, PRIA RPK AY BA ia th BE 4 FTA) RT AAT A RP 2.1.5 BRRPKASHARMTE MHEA—-THARKW, BUL-TFAWMARFKAMRACT at, METER. SWLRFRPE, AREMMTESABARP OME, Se Re AR AD ch x28 Be eS ARE 2.1.6 #eXWERAEBKE ERT BRS APE AEE ER. HN RENE ASE ANSE TAR De SLR BY RAERBEN. WHMWKHSATNRRAMT OR DA. 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WTS (TMI) Exes Pe AE BK Me SFR A fE7T MRE ST BREA. TMI nes RK ANA ER RA ACS aR BAR AEA al a ART EDM, RRP RK SA RRA ELE. Waa dt — 2 iE BH ES PR NGOZE HERD A He F8 EB) ACT I OH FEE 2.4 RRP RSENS —RUABRRPKAENMARA Rimi. THR, FERRI YAK AE 8 2 IRA A EM EAR “HIRAM AIA” . ee REEMA BEN. JEAN. RALMRRAELAD ANA, URESAAMA Sma NRA DRARAMESS, —-MEAEN HT IA AA ASAT BE FEA. BRP KA iam he FSF AA RR. Bn, RPK SHA RASMERGEERH, A ST SAE, HEBMAWLMTA-IRA (Davis 1994) . 4£19854F, 9S ERBRBEPKNE R SMTP EBEEXAWARH Sens, FSR KATHEWS EXKA. KKOAWTSH AHR CHAKBARIRPHMAAFRENBEMME, DtS-RUANMZEZKMRAARBACHE (Lama and Sherpa, 1995) . Bit, BRRPKRARBAKA-HAACi. FIBIGEAW WA, 1996FE ASMA FFT —PRMIDAM, KRAWRM MA MAF EN Lesh FBIM (Sherpa and Lama, 1996) . m# Ta fai: 1. PNR RASS AG ACT 2.BA ARR AN nei, (eA, Hm SHREK YT: 3. CHEE. EMA DARA FT RB AE hse, 4.2 VM ABARMBASUAB ASE, WARS Alia, 5. Ly SHB FS TF Ak SE HEN AO Sc HES FFE 2.5 TIA Hkék AABN SAY pk oe —*+ HAAN BARR FSA IK, HAAR A, DRAKA AAS RPK ALE RZAERAN RI, HEBREW AH LIER RAN. All AEE BAZ ERK WABUEERAN, AtERSIRR A. Ril, TAMMBRRPKAEH EHDA. SA Te M—FAPYSEA{TAATIE (Phillips, 1997) . PH RARK) AEAKREATAEOH. RMRS ZHEMAEAR, HHEEBURACEE HA. BRAIEE SSA, BASH. KNB OM. REARKKAURIEPERA Se, KALA AG RAN THAR EAE) (Davis, 1994) . RE AKAAHE, HEE RAE ANH RPK A ECT RES TA AER. FERIA A RRR RAS EMM EDS HERP EAE BE , MHAATRRRP EK ARNE AY. —RWNRRAWT REP KSBA RA LIEKAR, 1% HE EH AS HE — 2 Sie fet A) EE Hi 148 RAMS HRP 5 EE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 3 PSAP K SRM KMAKAMES, AAEM RS, RA MESA. weH , LMA RPIR-BEHRE. KP-F+ERRALEALARMSSEAVWA KE ANA mI. BUWAHALEERHBARD, MEARE HAH. BBE VTP KAN AG HE, EARN BR. SHANA. EMAAR RYDEN. MAAN EM the BARS KAT a] MED HH. FBR KAVA WARN ERA ROA SAE fate. RRMA TE, AKANE (BE TIER. MOM, MHRA. FEW, KEMP KT FRASS ROAM MK WIR TREK ME, HAPTER. BA, MRTG TR, MACK RERP Kt HARWA, ANKRARPEASRARN EAS, SPIE teu ry. Bit Ratt Lor Pf LW A A £4£J.Gabricl Campbell##+; RR BHA AF Chadwick Dearing Oliver HEA RRAT FAK KAHS HME. ERSEXH Davis R. (1994): The Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area and the Qomolangma Nature Preserve: Contiguous protected areas of Nepal and Tibet Autonomous Region of China. A paper presented at the workshop for trans-boundary meeting of the Eastern Himalayas, November 22-26, 1994. Kunming, Peoples Republic of China. IUCN (1995): Proceedings of the transboundary mountain protected areas workshop. Organized by the IUCN and Australian Alps Liaison Committee in December 1995 in Melbourn, Australia. Kalpers, J. And Lanjouw, A. (1997): Potential for creation of a peace park in the Virunga volcano region. PARKS, 7(3): 25~35. Lama, W.B. and Sherpa L.N. (1995): Transboundary exchange to conserve Mt. Everest ecosystem report on transboundary exchange between Tibet’s Qomolangma Nature Preserve and Nepal’s Mountain Protected Areas held in Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal. October 11-21, 1995. Mcdougal, C. (1994): A buffer for the Tiger. HIMAL Magazine, 7(5). Phillips, A. (1997): The parks for peace conference. PARKS, 7(3): 1~2. QNP (1989): Qomolangma Nature Preserve Annual Report for 1989. Submitted by The Woodlands Mountain Institute, Mount Everest Ecosystem Conservation Program, main and Dogwood Streets, Franklin, West Virginia, U.S.A. QNP (1990): Qomolangma Nature Preserve Master Development Strategy and 1989-2000 Development Plan Outline. QNP (1991): Qomolangma Nature Preserve of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. Annual Report for 1991 submitted by the Woodlands Mountain Institute, Mount Everest Ecosystem Conservation Program, Main and Dowood Streets, Franklin, West virginia, U. S.A. QNP (1992): Qomolangma Nature Preserve Project Annual Report 1992 submitted by Mount Everest Ecosystem Conservation Program, Woodlands Mountain Institute. Main and Dogwood Streets, Franklin, West Virginia, U.S.A. Rastogi, A., Pei, Shengji and D. Amatya (Eds) (1997): Regional consultation on conservation of the Kanchanjunga mountain ecosystem. WWF/Nepal and ICIMOD. Sharma U.R. (1994): Trans-boundary conservation issues of Nepal. A paper presented at the workshop for trans-boundary meeting of the Eastern Himalayas, November 22-26, 1994. Kunming, People's Republic of China. Sherpa, L. N. and Jackson R. (1995): Recommendation for planing and management of the Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. Report prepared for The Mountain Institute, WV, U.S.A. Sherpa, L. N. and Lama, W. B. (1996): Hands around Mt. Everest: report on transboundary exchange between Qomolangma Nature Preserve and Nepal’s Mountain Protected Areas held in Shigatse, TAR (China). September 21 to October 13, 1996. Westing, A. H. (1993): Transfronticer reserves for peace and nature - A contribution to human security. United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), Nairobi Zbicz, D.C. and Green M.J.B. (1997): Status of the world’s transfrontier protected areas. PARKS, 7(3): 5~10. Pa Ey & FETE RPS IB Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management 149 T T me ob ke aH ~= C [k It} OH =f 150 mets HR 5 FE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management Pore t ys EERIE 199879 A1A S448 BW—K:. EMS RPHUARNEA S—A Pak EK ag itee RP HEZIRERLIAtAZASR? IEEE 1. Wi + BEE 2. 2S HE 3.5L BIER LE 4.EAS RAD fe SAR ARNE 6.F 1K 7 Bisa kA WF S.A SF. ML, BFK mS BSibk 1.KGS 2. FRB AARP EK 3.72 RAH hy 4. gt 5. Ett 6.2288 7.AR 8.5 ABA AIA ate HH al ee KE MS HEA = SR? 1.4658 2.3 FEB 3. BHT K — BAF dic 4 FARK 5K 6. AMER 7 PAK 8. ARAKE #3 TELE XK Ba AFF E19) A? 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BTA ABE A RP OE eH aT BRET, PRR, SRA J} 0 2002. 1, /4. Hie - BH Peep {EE FREE AE A a Ra oe 30,00 6782/28 2002. 1.18, 170 we tEWS HERP 45 EE Tibet’s Biodiversity Conservation and Management Pe sick BRAKE AS ABE AUR AR BK & FE CMY fe i (Daniel Winkler 7840 126" Ave Ne, Kirkland, WA 98033, US) Major Threats to Tibetan Forest Ecosystems and Strategies for Forest Biodiversity Conservation Fig. 2 Pristine spruce forest (Picea balfouriana, 4100m) near Yiri, Riwoge County, (July 4th, 1997; Photo: D.Winkler). Fig. 3 Forest-grassland mosaic around Yiri (3950m, Riwoge County). The forest area is being reduced gradually by local wood extraction and pasture creation. South slope spruce forests are often degraded. Junipers (in the fore- ground to the left), shrubs and pasture now dominate these degraded sites. Traces of forest fires are common (July 4th, 1997; Photo: D.Winkler). “3% ; Fig. 5 Last forest above Gyangon (3900m), Dengqen \ County, in an otherwise nearly completely deforested valley (June 28th, 1997; Photo: D. Winkler). ~ ~— be rs = : a SETAE i“ % Fig.4 Yaks carrying firewood up to the deforested summer grazing grounds. (Riwoge, 4050m, July 3rd, 1997; Photo: D. Winkler). itm NAR F iZitm(e LRH RE TIBET’S BIODIVERSIT CONSERVATION AND MANAGEME ISBN 7-5038-2679-7 : 03"8267 (® Cc ; WWF Ot RsxnrARSeS WORLD WIDE FUND FOR NATURE PS HK AK NL XIZANG FORESTRY DEPARTMENT HY YE] PY gk He BY Ait SHEER HTS 1998 4F 8 30H RON 4T August30—September4,Lhasa ISBN7—5038-—2679-—7 / Q-0014 EY: 30.00 x