DATE DUE 1 UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS LIBRARY SF 191 A98 A7 1906 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from Boston Library Consortium IVIember Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/yearbookofayrshi1906ayrs YEAR BOOK OF THE AYRSHIRE BREEDERS 1006 Containing the proceedings of the Annual Meeting, Official Milk and Butter Records and general informa- tion about Ayrshires and the Ayrshire Breeders' Association. ANIMAL ^'L'SBANDRY I -i-gtniii'BiriBitwiMaiT-"— LIBRARY ^n Report of the Proceedings OF THE THIRTY-FIRST ANNUAL MEETING OF THE Ayrshire Breeders' Association, AT Yates Hotel, Syracuse, N. Y. December 20, 1905. The Thirty-first Annual Meeting of the Ayrshire Breeders' Association was held at Yates Hotel, Syra- cuse, N. Y., in response to the call of the Secretary, and was called to order. at two p. m. by the President, Dr. Thomas Turnbull, Jr., who said : I welcome all members of the Association to our meet- ing; also, all the gentlemen who are not members, and hope that we may interest them so much that they will become interested, not only in the Association, but in our breed. There is one thing that I want to speak of first, and that is that every gentleman in speaking will please announce his name so that the stenographer can get it for the minutes. The first matter of business is the reading of the min- utes of the last meeting. The minutes of the last meeting were read by the Secretary and approved. Dr. Turnbull — The next in order is the calHng of the roll. ROLL CALL. In response to the roll call by the Secretary, the fol- lowing members responded as being present : Wm. T. Wells, of S. M. Wells & Son Newington, Conn. Elmer F. Pember. Bangor, Me. Prof. H. Hayward, of Mt. Hermon School for Boys . . Mt. Hermon, Mass. H. B. Cater, of H. F. Cater & Son Rochester, N. H. Charles H. Hayes, of C. H. Hayes & Sons Portsmouth, N. H. R. M. Handy, Supt. Straf- ford County Farm . Dover, N. H. William Lindsay Plainfield, N. J. J. D. Magie, of J. D. & B. L. Magie Elizabeth, N. J. W. V. Probasco Cream Ridge, N. J. F. M. Babcock Gouverneur, N. Y. Geo. Wm. Ballou Middletown, N. Y. E. L. Button Melrose, N. Y. N. E. Clark Potsdam, N. Y. J. F. Converse. . '. Woodville, N. Y. Dr. C. E. Hatch Gainesville, N. Y. L. Huffstater Sandy Creek, N. Y. J. W. Jenkins Vernon, N. Y. S. S. Karr & Sons Almond, N. Y. James Miller Penn Yan, N. Y. 5 Mr. Kinsley, of Oneida Community, Limited Ken way, N. Y. Hillview Stock Farm, Ltd. . . . Paoli, Pa. George E. Pike Gouverneur, N. Y. Harry Skinner Utica, N. Y. W. P. Schanck Avon, N. Y. George Taber East Aurora, N. Y. Ambie S. Tubbs Mexico, N. Y. Howard Cook Beloit, Ohio. Dr. Jerome F, Butterfield. . . South Montrose, Pa. Obadiah Brown Providence, R. L Nicholas S. Winsor Greenville, R. L Dr. Thomas Turnbull, Jr. . . . Casanova, Va. L. S. Drew South Burlington, Vt. C. M. Winslow Brandon, Vt. The following members responded by proxy: George Bement Melrose, Cal. John A. Baton & Son Wauregan, Conn. T. S. Gold. West Cornwall, Conn. J. H. Earned Putnam, Conn. John Stewart Elburn, 111. J. P. Buckley Stroudwater, Me. P. K. Bacon Campello, Mass. Calumet Woolen Co Uxbridge, Mass. Davis Copeland & Son. ..... Campello, Mass. Charles C. Doe Eexington, Mass. George A. Fletcher Milton, Mass. George W. Knowlton West Upton, Mass. ¥. C. Peirce Concord Junction. Peter D. Smith Andover, Mass. John W. Scott Austin, Minn. James Surget Natchez, Miss. Charles J. Bell Hollis, N. H. Harlow N. Childs Piermont, N. H, George C. Clark Orford, N! H. W. R. Garvin Dover, N. H. Charles S. Hayes Portsmouth, N. H. Andy Holt ; . . . Lyndeboro, N. H. E. A. Holt Hudson, N. H. Herbert M. Kimball Concord, N. H. George H. Yeaton Dover, N. H. J. Andrew Casterline Dover, N. J. Arden Farms Dairy Co Arden, N. Y. N. Barnes Middle Hope, N. Y. H. W. Cookingham Cherry Creek, N. Y. Lawrence Dunham 7 E. 42d St., New York. J. H. Griffin Moira, N. Y. Lott Hall Gouverneur, N. Y. A. L. Litchard & Son Rushford, N. Y. Robert McCrea Champlain, N. Y. Ormiston Bros Cuba, N. Y. Francis Lynde Stetson Sterlington, N. Y. G. L. Rodger Gouverneur, N. Y. D. E. Siver Cooperstown, N. Y. Oliver Smith & Son Chateaugay, N. Y. L. D. Stowell Black Creek, N. Y. W. C. Stowell Black Creek, N. Y. W. G. Tucker Elm Valley, N. Y. Samuel Verplank Fishkill-on-Hudson, N. Y. A. B. McConnell & Son.... Wellington, Ohio. J. D. Honeyman Portland, Ore. H. S. Ayer Columbus, Pa. O. P. Blakeslee Spartansburg, Pa. Christopher Byrne Friendsville, Pa. Patrick Byrne .„ . St. Josephs, Pa. 7 A. M. Cornell Altus, Pa. Geo. H. McFadden, by John W. Oakey Bryn Mawr, Pa. Robert Templeton & Son . . . Ulster, Pa. John R. Valentine Bryn Mawr, Pa. Edward S. Bowen Pawtucket, R. I. Everett B. Sherman Harrisville, R. I. Charles W. Emerson Charlotte, Vt. Fisher & May St. Albans Hill, Vt. Matthew Hannah Brownsville, Vt. W. W. Houghton Lyndonville, Vt. F. A. Joslyn Northfield, Vt. W. C. Nye East Barre, Vt. Fletcher D. Proctor Proctor, Vt. Geo. L. Rice Rutland, Vt. W. F. Scott Brandon, Vt. Dr. Wm. Stanford Stevens . . St. Albans, Vt. Vermont Experiment Sta- tion Burlington, Vt. Vermont Industrial School. . Vergennes, Vt. H. R. C. Watson Brandon, Vt. Fred Tschudy Monroe, Wis. J. W. Clise Seattle, Wash. J. G. Clark Ottawa, Ont. Geo. Davidson West Derby, Vt. Thomas Irving Petite Cote, Que. Percival Roberts, Jr., by J. Blair Ketchen Narberth, Pa. Dr. Turnbull — The next matter of business to be taken up is the report of the Secretary. We will now listen to the report of the Secretary. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. The past year has in several ways been very encourag- ing to the Ayrshire interests, and an unusual prosperous one in winning popularity for the breed and giving it a stronger hold on popular favor. Your Secretary has never had so many letters of in- quiry about the breed as during the past year, and the inquiry has come from all parts of the country. The letters are from strangers, and appear to be from men who are looking for information about the Ayrshire as a dairy cow. Some of the letters also ask for information as to where in their immediate neighborhood they can find breeders, and I mail them a copy of the Year-Book di- recting them to the list of members. One encouraging feature of the past year is the start- ing in to breed Ayrshire cattle by a number of wealthy men, and the testing of Ayrshires by men who are able to buy the best and feed and care for their cows in a manner to develop the best there is in them, and from such we should get results that will raise the standard of officially tested Ayrshire cows. The Secretary placed a short advertisement in some fifty papers all over the country, offering to send the Year-Book fre,e on application, and with a moderate ex- pense we believe we scattered information very exten- sively. We have to record a long list of additions to the Association, and no deaths have thus far been reported. We feel to congratulate the Association on a steady and substantial growth. Our entries for bulls have nearly reached 10,000, and the cows have gone over 20,000, nearly 21,000. We issued an attractive Year-Book the past year which has been very generally distributed, and with much good to all breeders of Ayrshires. We issued Volume XVI of the Herd-Book, containing 496 soHd pages of entries, with indexes. Judging ' from the number of entries already in, and the increased rate of receiving entries, we shall be obliged to close Volume XVII about March first. In the last twenty years we have issued ten volumes of the Herd-Book. The first five contain 6,337 entries, while the last five contain 11,509 entries, showing a very substantial gain, the last five years being nearly double. There have been a number of auction sales of Ayrshires which is an index of the growing popularity of the breed, the individual animals that were desirable bringing satis- factory prices, and some fancy animals bringing exceed- ingly high prices. One sale in Canada, by the Hunters, was said to have sold an imported Ayrshire bull for $700, and cows brought between $500 and $700 for really choice animals. The Secretary then read the following letter : Boston, Mass., December 11, 1905. Mr. C. M. Winslow, Secretary of the Ayrshire Breeders' Association: Dear Sir. — Enclosed please find my check for $1,500, which I wish to present to the Ayrshire Breeders' Asso- ciation, to be kept as a permanently invested fund, and to be known as the J. D. W. French Fund, the income of which shall be used as prizes for the encouragement of the dairy ability of the Ayrshire cow. The definite way, or the details of the method used in the selection of the cow or cows deemed worthy of re- lO ceiving such prize I leave to the wisdom of the Associa- tion, but I would direct that the prize or prizes when awarded shall be in the form of gold or silver pieces, each piece to be properly engraved, with the name of the fund, the object for which it is given, and such other additional information as may at the time commend itself as appropriate to the circumstances connected with the gift. The income of this appropriation may be applied in annual prizes or may be cumulative, but not to run for a longer term than three consecutive years before being applied. Yours truly, CORNELIA A. FRENCH. In explanation of this letter, I would say that a while ago I was moved to write Miss French, suggesting some- thing of this kind in memory of her brother, the late J. D. W. French, which struck her favorably, and she asked me to call on her when in Boston, which I did, and this is the result. Mr. French was always very much interested in the development of the dairy qualities of the Ayrshire cow, and sometimes, in a quiet way, through me for the Asso- ciation, offered prizes for the encouragement of dairy superiority. Mr. French, in his will, left his farm and Ayrshire herd to this sister, and she naturally feels interested in the breed, and has a very choice herd on the farm in which she takes great pride. II AYRSHIRE BREEDERS' ASSOCIATION. To C. M. WiNSLOw, Secretary, Dr. This account is to October ist, for three-quarters of the year. To amount due Secretary from last year $50 59 To salary for three-fourths of the j^ear 525 00 To personal traveling expenses 94 03 To paid Experiment Station bills 150 58 To paid Home Dairy Test Committee expense 74 17 To postage stamps 74 00 To telegraph and telephone expense 3 51 To paid express 19 21 To paid freight 4 71 To paid awards in Home Dairy Test 125 00 To paid for advertising Year Books 49 43 To paid for use of hall for Boston meeting 12 00 To paid for banquet at Boston meeting .- 64 50 To paid stenographer for Boston meeting 17 94 To paid for office desk for typewriter, and chair 49 40 To paid Argus Company for work on Vol. XV 55 00 To paid Empire Engraving Company for work 30 43 To paid for a new Underwood typewriter 92 25 To paid Tuttle & Co. for rebinding books 2 00 To paid letter copy paper . 7 20 To paid typewriter ribbons .... 4 50 To paid print photograph of bull 25 To paid for clamps for desk 50 $1,506 20 Paid to Treasurer 623 68 $2,129 88 The H. D. T. prizes were paid to L. S. Drew, for 1902-3 $20 00 G. H. Yeaton, for 1902-3 50 00 C. M. Winslow, for 1902-3 10 00 Howard Cook, for 1902-3 25 00 C. M. Winslow, for 1903-4 20 00 $125 00 12 By entries and transfers for three-fourths of year $1 , 710 00 By customs certificates for third quarter 7 50 By Private Herd Books sold 9 00 By milk record blanks sold 6 63 By pedigree blanks sold 2 50 By photographs sold 2 00 By advertisements in Year Book 64 00 By duplicate certificates. 1 25 By copy of Vol. XV 2 00 By life members (list below) 325 00 $2,129 88 J. P. STRICKLAND. H. A. HORTON. STRAFFORD CO. FARM. J. HOOPER LEACH. HARRY SKINNER. S. FRANK TEFFT. W. A. MERRIAM. WILLIAM C. MARSHALL. B. F. BARNES. JOHN WILL. E. M. DAVIDSON & SON. J. S. LEACH & SON. GEORGE A. KAHN. Dover, N. H., November 2y, 1905. This is to certify that I have carefully examined the books of C. M. Winslow, Secretary of the Ayrshire Breeders' Association, and find that his accounts corre- spond with the quarterly settlements made with the Treasurer of said Association. GEO H. YEATON, Auditor. 13 January 1, 1905, balance on hand $5 ,429 73 Sale of books 140 15 Received from Mr. Winslow 623 68 Dividends $91 98 73 82 S165 80 $6,359 36 Payments as per vouchers 1 , 992 27 $4,367 09 The above is a report of Treasurer of Ayrshire Breed- ers' Association, from January i, 1905, to October i, 1905. This certifies that I have examined the accounts of the Treasurer of the Ayrshire Breeders' Association for the nine months, from January i to October i, 1905, and find credit given for all money received and vouchers for all payments made, with a total fund in Treasurer's hands, October i, 1905, of $4,367.09. December 15, 1905. GEO. H. YEATON, Auditor. The President — You have heard the reading of the minutes and the report of the Secretary. Are there any changes to be made on the minutes? Mr. Wells — I make the motion that the report be accepted. Report accepted and adopted. Report of the Treasurer read. Motion to accept and adopt made and seconded. Accepted and adopted. 14 Dr. Pember — I suppose the Secretary has already, in a way, thanked Miss French for her kindly gift to this Association, but I really think a formal vote should be taken expressing our appreciation of her gift, and that it should be voiced in some way and given in a commu- nication to her. To bring it before the Association, I move you that the sincere thanks of this Association be extended to Miss French by a communication from our Secretary to that effect. Motion seconded. The President — It has been moved and seconded that the Association write to Miss French and thank her for the generous gift she has given us, and I ask all in favor of this motion to stand. Motion unanimously carried, and the Secretary will write to Miss French thanking her for the gift. The President — The next matter of business is the report of the Finance Committee, and, according to the By-Laws, the President of the Association at the present time is the Chairman of the Finance Committee, I believe, so I will ask Mr. Brown to preside for a moment while I read this report. INVENTORY OF PROPERTY IN SECRETARY'S OFFICE AT BRANDON, VT. 1 card case and letter case, indexed $50 00 1 writing desk and typewriter desk combined 45 00 2 typewriters 100 00 1 letter copy machine and desk 35 00 15& Private Herd Books 156 00 Postage stamps on hand 3 20 Balance of money on hand since last settlement, due January 1st 110 61 27 volumes of Scotch Herd Books 27 00 12 volumes Canada Herd Books , 12 00 15 4 voliomes Bagg Herd Books $4 00 4 volumes Sturtevant Herd Books 4 00 The usual supply of office stationery and blanks for re- cording, and milk sheets, extended pedigree sheets, etc. , etc $546 81 INVENTORY OF BOOKS IN HANDS OF TREASURER. Vol. 1, Herd Book 156 Vol. 2, Herd Book (old edition) 3 Vol. 2, Herd Book (revised) 97 Vol. 3, Herd Book 88 Vol. 4, Herd Book 113 Vol. 5, Herd Book.. 1 Vol. 5, Herd Book (need rebinding) 19 Vol. 6, Herd Book 183 Vol. 7, Herd Book 189 Vol. 8, Herd Book 203 Vol. 9, Herd Book 124 Vol. 10, Herd Book -. 112 Vol. 11, Herd Book 144 Vol. 12, Herd Book 228 Vol. 13, Herd Book 236 Vol. 14, Herd Book 241 Vol. 15, Herd Book 265 Vol. 16, Herd Book 290 Total 2,692 2,692 volumes, at $2 per volmne $5, 384 00 Cash in hands of Treasurer : Cash in Smithfield Savings Bank $3,765 78 Cash in National Bank 75 31 Cash 23 75 3,864 84 $9,248 84 Secretary's inventory 546 81 Total $9,795 65 THOMAS TURNBULL, Jr., C. M. WINSLOW. N. S.. WINSOR, Finance Committee, Dec. 9, 1905. i6 Mr. Brown - — Gentlemen, you have -heard the report of the Finance Committee. What do you propose to do? Do you accept it? Mr. Pember — Motion seconded. Carried and placed on file. The President — The next matter to come before the meeting is the report of the Home Dairy Tests by the Secretary or Chairman of the Committee. REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON HOME DAIRY TESTS. Your Committee on Horrie Dairy Tests for the Year 1904-5 would report as follows : There were entered for testing the herds of George H. Yeaton, Dover, N. H. ; Henry Dorrance, Plainfield, Conn.; L. S. Drew, South Burlington, Vt. ; C. M. Wins- low, Brandon, Vt. ; Howard Cook, Beloit, Ohio. There were in the test about fifty cows that went through the entire year. The awards, as made by your Committee and recom- mended for your approval, are as follows : Single cow prize of thirty dollars. First, to George H. Yeaton, Dover, N. H., on Miss Olga, giving 10,192 pounds of milk and 451 pounds of butter. Second prize of twenty dollars to Henry Dorrance, Plainfield, Conn., on Molly Fryer, giving 9,152 pounds of milk and 427 pounds of butter. Third prize of ten dollars, to C. M. Winslow, Bran- don, Vt., on Acelista, giving 10,359 pounds of milk and 419 pounds of butter. 17 Herd Prizes. First, of $75, to C. M. Winslow, Brandon, on lola Lome giving Miss Mabel D. . . . giving Lulu Avondale. . . giving Rose Clockston . . giving Rose Foxglove. .. giving 8,924 lbs. of milk and 380 lbs. of butter 8,499 lbs. of milk and 366 lbs. of butter 7 , 060 lbs. of milk and 345 lbs. of butter 8 , 365 lbs. of milk and 334 lbs. of butter 6,996 lbs. of milk and 311 lbs. of butter 39,844 1,736 Second, of $50, to Howard Cook, Beloit, Ohio : Ayrlynn Queen . . giving Pearl Douglas. . . giving Eugenie'sDouglas giving Ruby Douglas... . giving Kalley giving 9 , 355 lbs. of milk and 407 lbs. of butter 7,206 lbs. of milk and 332 lbs. of butter 7,118 lbs. of milk and 329 lbs. of butter 5.809 lbs. of milk and 308 lbs. of butter 7,338 lbs. of milk and 304 lbs. of butter 36.826 1,680 Third, $25, to George H. Yeaton, Dover, N. H. : Ponemah giving 6,933 lbs. of milk and 344 lbs. of butter Biona giving 8,261 lbs. of milk and 331 lbs. of butter Uarda giving 8,228 lbs. of milk and 335 lbs. of butter Oke Mar giving 7, 133 lbs. of milk and 318 lbs. of butter Lukolela giving 6 , 836 lbs. of milk and 302 lbs. of butter 37,391 1,630 Among the cows tested there were : 2 cows that gaveover 10, 000 lbs. of milk. 4 cows that gave over 9 , 000 lbs. of milk 9 cows that gave over 8 , 000 lbs. of milk 21 cows that gave over 7 , 000 lbs. of milk 36 cows that gave over 6 , 000 lbs. of milk 38 cows that gave over 5 , 000 lbs. of milk 4 cows that gave over 400 lbs. of butter 28 cows that gave over 300 lbs. of butter 39 cow.s that gave over 250 lbs. of butter 2 It is the opinion of your Committee that the Home Dairy Test should be continued, and that there is no way in which the Association can do more good or bring the Ayrshire before the pubUc in a more satisfactory way than to present her claims by official tests of butter and milk, which can be relied upon as being substantially correct. The day of saying a cow will give a certain amount of milk or butter by estimation or guess is gone by, and the public wants the truth. That this method of bringing the Ayrshire cow before the public is growing in favor with the breeders is shown by the largely increased list of cows being tested for the year 1905-6. We have the following herds being tested for the year ending March 31, 1906: George H. Yeaton, Dover, N. H. ; Henry Dorrance, Plainfield, Conn.; L. S. Drew, South Burlington, Vt. ; C. M. Winslow, Brandon, Vt. ; Walter D. Turner, More- town, Vt. ; Howard Cook, Beloit, Ohio ; George H. McFadden, Bryn Mawr, Pa. ; John R. Valentine, Bryn Mawr, Pa.; George Wm. Ballou. Middletown, N. Y. ; J. G. Clark, Ottawa, Ont. From these tests we have already had twenty-four cows qualify for Advanced Registry for the next volume, this being no extra expense to the Association, as it is car- ried along in the Home Dairy Tests. The above report is respectfully submitted. C. M. WINSLOW, THOMAS TURNBULL, Jr., ETNA J. FLETCHER, Committee on Home Dairy Tests. 19 The President — You have heard this report, what is your pleasure? Mr. Pember — I move it be accepted. The President — Will you incorporate in that the authorization of the Treasurer to pay the prizes ? Motion made and seconded. The President — Is there any discussion ; if not, I will put the question, and all of those in favor say aye, etc. (Motion carried.) The President — I would like to suggest that we might take up at this point the question of continuing the Home Dairy Test and the testing for Advanced Registry the next year; what is your pleasure in regard to that? Mr. Wells — I move it be continued under the same general basis. Motion seconded. Mr. Converse — I would like to ask the Committee if, in their experience the past few years, they have any changes to suggest with reference to it before the motion is put. The President — In answer to that, about the only change I would like to make is that every member of the Association come in it. I think it has worked out satis- factorily, and it certainly has been of marked advantage, and we are finding out every day more and more what the Ayrshire cow can do. W^e want every member of this Association to come into the test, and not come in with one cow, or two cows, or five cows, but to come in with their whole herd. 20 Mr. Winslow — From my experience with it there is nothing the Association has ever done in the Hne of put- ting the Ayrshire before the world as a good dairy cow that comes up to this in any way. Now, this past year we have, in the Home Dairy Test, without any extra expense, brought out twenty-four cows, or cows and heifers, that have qualified for Advanced Registry, some two-year-old heifers owned by men in this room, showing wonderful dairy ability. They are reliable facts which appeal to any man. If a mature cow has given in the course of a year from 8,500 to 10,000 and over pounds of milk and 375 to over 400 pounds of butter, or a two-year-old heifer has given six, seven or eight thousand pounds of milk and from 225 to 300 pounds of butter in the year, it shows there is milk and butter in the Ayrshire cow. Mr. Hayward — I would li'ke to offer a suggestion. It occurred to me since coming here that I believe the Ayrshire Association is the only cattle association which emphasizes the year's test, with the exception of the Guernsey ; the Holstein and the Jersey going to the other extreme and emphasizing the week's test. I have won- dered whether it would be a good idea if in reporting these tests we could not report the best week's work of the year, or perhsps an effort might be made on the part of the owner of the cow to try and get as good a week's record for his cow and at the same time not spoil the year's record, for the purpose of comparison with those breeds of dairy cattle which are emphasizing the week's work. Mr. Oakey — I will say for the last year I have been very much interested in this Home Dairy Test by being in with Mr. McFadden's cows, and I think very much as you do. I have heard the suggestion made by some 21 of the oflficers of this Association that they would Uke to have larger herds for foundation work to show what the Ayrshire cow could do in herds of large numbers. Now I will make this suggestion and make an offer. I will be one of five to start in the next year's test and test every milking cow in the herd; or I will be one of five to test twenty, twenty-five, thirty or thirty-five to show the world what the Ayrshire cow can do. ^ I believe that she is distinctly a milk and butter cow. In other words, that the coming dairy cow of the future is the Ayrshire cow. I think I can see that she is coming out and has been sought for more and more, and I think it will be a good way for the Association to spend a little money to encourage it, and I will offer Mr. McFadden's herd on that ground and will do the best I can ; of course, there will be four more herds offered in the same way, so we can have something substantial to look for. Mr. Jenkins — In these tests are there any records of the amount of grain fed to the dairy or only just the amount of milk? Mr. Winslow — We request the owner to fill in the amount of feed. That is not official ; it is simply his own version of it. We have no way of knowing exactly what a cow eats only by the word of the man that owns the herd. It is collateral information and of a good deal of value, Mr. Jenkins — What brought the point to my mind was what Dr. Kinsley told me this morning, and the Oneida Community herdsmen told me a good many years ago practically the same thing, that they were old breed- ers of Ayrshire cows and went into the breeding of Hol- steins largely and they kept track of the amount of feed 22 the cattle, or cows, ate during the winter time. In the test during the summer time while they were out to pasture without any extra feed, there were three Ayrshires and two Holstein cows. The Ayrshires gave over sixty-three pounds of milk a day for thirty-eight days, and the Hol- steins sixty-six pounds ; only three pounds difference per cow in the milk during the thirty-eight days' test, and on grass. ' When they were put in the stables and the feed cut up, the two Holsteins ate more than the three Ayrshires. The President — I would like to say to you on the point Mr. Oakey brought up in regard to having whole herd tests, I am very anxious to see that done, and I hope we can get five herds, or even three herds, or more. Last summer it happened that the chief of the Dairy Di- vision of the Bureau of Animal Industry and myself were fellow-travelers together. I see him very frequently, and I asked him at that time if the Government would take up the matter of inspecting and testing herds for a year ; he was very much in favor of it, and said that he thought they might be able to do so and he would bring the matter up before the Secretary of Agriculture to consider it, and he hoped they might be able to do it. Of course, we have our Home Dairy Test here in which we test one cow or herds of five cows, or in which we test large herds. I would like to see a number. of herds entered and run through the year, every animal of the herd in milk, and I would like to get the sanction of the Association to continue this matter with the Secretary of Agriculture, the Dairy Division, and, if possible, have a number of herds tested for the year under the Government inspec- tion. But I will ask you now first to take up the question of the continuation of the Home Dairy Test and vote on 23 that and then the election of the Committee for this work, and then the question of the entering of herds or having the Government do the inspection. If you are ready for the question, I will put it. All those in favor of continu- ing the Home Dairy Test for the year 1906 and 1907 please signify by saying aye. (Motion carried.) The President — It is now for the Association to elect three members for the Home Dairy Test Committee. Motion made that the Committee consist of the Presi- dent-elect, the Secretary-elect and Prof. Hayward. (Seconded and carried.) The President — The next question is in regard to this testing of herds. Mr. Oakey has made the offer to put in one herd if four more can be obtained; will any- body offer their herd? Herds offered by Messrs. Winslow, Hayward, Cook, Pike, Dr. Butterfield. Mr. Hayes — Mr. Yeaton is not here, but I have no doubt but what he would be only too glad to enter his herd. He has been very successful in the single and five test, but I think that he has some in reserve. The President — I think I am perfectly safe to count Mr. Yeaton. The next matter of business is the election of officers. The first office is President who must be elected by ballot, but the Secretary, if we so request, may cast that ballot. What is your pleasure in regard to it? Mr. Schanck — I nominate William Ballou, a man that has taken up the Ayrshires with both hands open and cultivated them to the highest pitch on his farm. 24 Mr. Drew — I move that Dr. Pember be nominated We look upon him, you might say, as a kind of a god- father. Mr. Wells — I move that we proceed to take an in- formal ballot for President. The President — Mr. Ballou has been nominated and seconded, and it is moved that an informal ballot be taken for President. All in favor say aye, contrary no. Mr. Wells — I move the Chair appoint the tellers. Messrs. Hayward and Pike appointed. Secretary reads the report of the tellers : Whole number of votes cast was thirty-seven, in which Mr. Ballou had twenty-three and Mr. Pember fourteen. Mr. Pember — I move you that the election of Mr. Bal- lou be made unanimous informally and that the Secretary be instructed to cast the vote of this body for Mr. Ballou as President for the next year. Motion seconded and carried unanimously. The President — The ayes have it, and Mr. Ballou is elected President, the Secretary having cast the vote for Mr. Ballou. Mr. Ballou — I want you to know that this is an honor that I have not been seeking; I mean to say that while I know that 1 am not exactly fitted for the place I have got enthusiasm. I believe that there has been an enormous amount of work done by this Association to bring the breed up to its present status, and I know there has got to be an enormous amount of work done to carry it up where it belongs, the same as the Holsteins, the Guernseys and Jerseys. We see a little of the future 25 in a sale made at the Hunter auction the other day at Alaxville, Ont., where we were getting $700 and $650 for bulls and calves and $285 for a young heifer or calf two months old. That appeals to me, and that we may all get into that business means a whole heap of work for somebody to bring this thing to the front I know. I realize the responsibility that is on anybody that under- takes this work. I shall do the best I can, and I know that the old and tried assistance here, from whom I have always met with suggestions in every way, will be mine, and that is the only manner in which I can carry this work out if I take the Presidency. I thank -you for the honor and will do my best to fill the place. The President — I ask Dr. Pember and Mr. Converse to escort our newly elected President to the chair. Nomi- nations for vice-presidents are in order. Mr. Wells — In place of Mr. Charles C. Doe I nomi- nate Mr. W. P. Schanck. In place of Mr. Wells I nomi- nate George H. McFadden ; I also nominate Obadiah Brown and E. J. Fletcher. Mr. Converse — I move you the Secretary be in- structed to cast one vote for the gentlemen named. The President — Those in favor of having one ballot by the Secretary signify it by saying aye. Motion seconded and carried. Secretary reads the names of the Vice-Presidents for next year. The President — The next order of business is the election of the Secretary and Editor. Mr. Wells — I move the President cast one vote for the re-election of Mr. Winslow.- 26 Motion seconded and unanimously carried. Mr. Winslow — Thank you, and, gentlemen, I would like to follow in the line of the remarks of our President that if any of you see any way that the Secretary's work can be improved let him know it. We all are working for the best interests of the Ayrshire cow; Mr. Ballou as President and I as Secretary like information and prompting. The President — And need it, and must have it. The next order of business is the nomination and election of a Treasurer. Mr. Converse • — I move that the Secretary be in- structed to cast one vote, for Mr. Winsor to succeed himself. Motion seconded and unanimously carried. The President — The next business in order is the nomination and election of an Auditor. Dr. Turnbull — I move the Secretary be authorized to cast a ballot for George H. Yeaton, of Dover, N. H. Motion seconded and unanimously carried. The President — The next business is the election of two members of the Executive Committee in place of Mr. S. M. Wells and Andy Holt. Mr. Oakey — I nominate Mr. Wells to succeed himself. Mr. Wells — I nominate Howard Cook. Motion seconded and carried. The Secretary — In the call for the meeting it oc- curred that Article 3d be amended in regard to the duties of Auditor. We found that the Finance Committee was 27 a little cumbersome to make an inventory of the assets found in the Secretary and Treasurer's office and we would like to amend Section 9, Article 3 so as to read : " The Auditor shall examine all accounts sent him from any member of the Finance Committee, and if found cor- rect shall approve and forward the same to the Treasurer for payment, and shall annually, when auditing the ac- counts of the Secretary and Treasurer, previous to the annual meeting, make a complete inventory of all prop- erty found in the hands of the Secretary and Treasurer and forward the same to the Finance Committee, which shall be incorporated in the report of the Finance Com- mittee to the Association at their annual meeting." The Auditor has to go and settle with them, and it will save expense. The President — You hear the addition that has been made to this Constitution. You put that as a motion? The Secretary — I will. Motion seconded and unanimously carried. The President — The next business in order is the presentation of names for membership in this Association. Are there any names ? The Secretary — I have two : Mr. Dudley Wells, of Wethersfield, Connecticut, endorsed by S. M. Wells, and J. B. Hill, of Burlington, Vt., endorsed by L. S. Drew. Mr. Hayes • — I present the name of George E. Stick- ney, of Newburyport, Mass. Mr. Cook — I present the name of F. A. Crabb, of Litchfield, 111. Mr. Hayes — In regard to Mr. Stickney, he wishes to purchase a full set of the herd books, and I would sug- 28 gest that Mr. Winslow enter into correspondence with him. Mr. Handy — I present the name of C. H. Provost, of Newmarket, N. H. Mr. Brown — I present the name of Crawford J. Man- ton, of Lincoln, R. I. The President — The Secretary will read the list. The President — It is moved and seconded that the list as read be made members of this Association. Unanimously carried. Dr. Turnbull — ^ Mr. President, I move that the Sec- retary send a letter of thanks to Miss French, and that the President and Secretary be authorized to draft reso- lutions, formal resolutions, from the Association thanking her for the gift, besides writing this special letter. The President — It is moved and seconded that the Secretary draw a resolution which shall be a resolution of this meeting thanking Miss French for her gift. Unanimously carried. Dr. Turnbull — I move that the whole matter of the arrangement for the French Dairy Prize Contest be left with the Home Dairy Test Committee. Motion seconded and unanimously carried. Prof. Hayward — In this connection I think we made a great mistake to-day ; by the recent election we are to deprive ourselves of the services of Dr. Turnbull on the Home Dairy Test. As you all know, Dr. Turnbull was one of the prime movers in this work, and possibly has done as much, if not more, than any one man to carry it on and give it its present standing. I think, inasmuch 29 as we have this French prize to award in the coming year, a new rule should be formulated for the giving of this prize, and it is a very serious mistake to deprive our- selves of Dr. Turnbull's work in that connection, so I wish to withdraw myself from the Committee on which you so kindly placed me, in favor of Dr. Turnbull. Mr. Pike — I suggest we add Dr. Turnbull to the Committee. We certainly don't want to lose Prof. Hay- ward. I move Dr. Turnbull be added to the Committee. The Secretary — I second the motion. I would like to have Mr. Hayward and I very much dislike to lose Dr. Turnbull; he has always taken an interest in this matter; his ideas are excellent and he works. The President — I believe the only motion then before the meeting is on adding Dr. Turnbull's name to this Committee. Those in favor of that motion say aye, con- trary no. Unanimously carried. The Secretary — The matter of advertising should come up at this time. We voted last year to place an ad. in the Country Gentleman ; it is proper at this time to decide whether to continue to advertise in the Country Gentleman, or what we will do in regard to advertising. The President — Any suggestions or motions ? Mr. Hayes — I move the ad. be continued. Dr. Butterfield — I suggest and move that the adver- tising be extended to Hoard's Dairyman. . Motion seconded. Mr. Hayes — ]\Iay I ask if the Secretary will give a statement in regard to returns? 30 The Secretary — It is a very difficult matter to put your finger on returns from advertisements. Returns are to all the members all over the country and not especially to the Secretary. But last year as in my report I gave you, I put an advertisement of the year book for four weeks in papers all the way from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from Florida to Canada, at an expense of somewhere about $50, if I remember correctly, and I received an innumerable number of letters inquiring for the year books which I sent out, which I think was an excellent ad., but that wasn't an advertisement so that a man in picking up a paper like the Country Gentleman or Hoard's Dairyman and looking at it would have any judgment of the Ayrshire, but it is a very difficult matter to decide just how valuable that is. I would like to hear from Mr. Chapman, who is expert on information on advertising. Mr. Chapman — Gentlemen, being a representative of the Country Gentleman and advertising manager, I would like very much to see you renew your contract with us. I feel confident in saying that the class of circulation that we have are men composed of wealth and standing; it may not be as large as some other papers published, but they are certainly the class of people that breeders want to come in touch with, and where they may be anticipating the establishment of a country home and small herd they are just the kind of people that the high class stock which you represent appeals to. We have made you a special price on your advertising and we are advertising your comments and publish any item of the breed which you may send. I believe Hoard's Dairyman and our paper are the only two that publish them, and we would be very glad to take up any matter that you may send us or anything in that respect. 31 Dr. Pember — I supposed that the Country Gentleman was the only paper that we have advertised in for the past year, I mean so far as the regular advertising. Mr. Winslow — The regular advertising, yes. Dr. Pember — I picked up a paper the other day, I am not sure whether it was the New England Homestead or Boston Cultivator, in which was an advertisement of our Association, giving George H. Yeaton as President and the officers of several years ago, a sort of a back number. I judge it was a recent number of their paper but a back number of their advertising. I don't know whether it was simply a copy of it or what they were doing it for, but that was the fact nevertheless. I second heartily the thought of adding an advertisement in Hoard's Dairyman. I had personal correspondence with Mr. Frank Hoard, as business manager of that paper, and he writes me that he would be very glad to give the Ayrshire a more prominent place and notice in,, his paper. He said he had been troubled in the past to get any items or pictures or anything that would help him in this line. He recognizes the Ayrshires are coming along and he would be glad to help us in that line. I am sure if we place an ad. there they would be perfectly willing to publish regularly our transfers the same as the Country Gentleman. I suggest, however, that although it will be more work for the Secretary, yet it will be worth more individually to us, as breeders, if the address of the person selling and the address of the person pur- chasing were added to the item ; it only makes two words more, which can be done. It is so with other breeds and ought to be with ours. Mr. Winslow — I don't think it is so with other breeds. We get in all we can, but when they cut it off 32 we have to drop it. We did put in the transactions with the name of the seller and the buyer and they finally dropped them oflf, and we had to take just what they would give. In the matter of transfers in Hoard's Dairy- man, I sent the transfers there and tried to get them to print them and they declined to print them. Dr. Pember — We had no advertisement there. Mr. Winslow — Then another year I sent them all the information and pictures they were willing to take. It comes very different when coming from a private gentle- man, coming from across the country. Dr. Butterfield — I will amend my motion and move you that we expend not to exceed $ioo in advertising and divide it between the Country Gentleman and Hoard's Dairyman. Mr. Winslow — I would Uke to amend that by saying $200, because we pay the Country Gentleman $100. Dr. Butterfield — I make it $200. Motion seconded and carried. Mr. Chapman — I wish to thank you for the renewal of that contract in behalf of the Country Gentleman, and also say that immediately upon my return to the office I will offer your suggestion to Mr. Tucker, our editor-in- chief, that the name of the seller and buyer be printed and see to it that it is lived up to. Dr. Pember — The address of the seller and buyer ? Mr. Chapman — Yes, sir. Mr. Pike — Mr. President, one other little matter comes to me. Every breeder is in receipt of a letter fre- quently asking for information regarding the Ayrshire cow, or Ayrshire breed of cattle, and we are very fre- Wedgewood, Jk. 89fi7. Primrosk Queen. 12163. Smiler. 8689. Rose Ascott. 15035. 33 quently in receipt of a letter, " Please tell me all you know about the Ayrshire." Most of us can tell what they don't know a great deal easier than what they do know, and most of us have very little time to answer fully such a letter of inquiry ; we either send a Year Book ourselves, or ask the Secretary to send a Year Book. The Year Book contains a lot of information that is of value to the breed- ers and of very little value to the average farmer and dairyman who seeks the purchase of an Ayrshire bull to head his herd or to have a few calves. I have a sugges- tion not originally my own, but coming from other breed- ers, and that is that a committee have in charge the print- ing of some sort of a booklet containing the history of the Ayrshire breed of cattle and perhaps the performance of some individuals or other information bearing upon the breed that is of interest, some little booklet that will satisfy the inquiry and the judgment of men not now members of the Association, and not now directly interested, and that this booklet be available to the members of the Association for general distribution among the farmers and dairymen throughout the country. If the Association feel that it could not afford the price that would be necessary to print this little booklet, it might be in order to suggest that breeders, members of the Association, particularly, be allowed perhaps a little space in which to advertise their wares, with a view of using the money so received in paying for the booklet. The President — Do you make that as a motion or a suggestion? Mr. Pike — -I make that as a motion. Mr. Converse — I am very glad indeed that this mat- ter has been brought before the Association and I think 3 34 it has been thought of some time and talked of quite a little that such a thing might be done, and private breeders have talked about getting a booklet of this kind with reference to their own herds especially, as a matter of economy to save time in answering these various ques- tions, and I had hoped when my friend arose that he would make a motion that a committee be appointed to draft such a little booklet and that it should not contain any advertisements or any pictures, but simply refer to the breed, and done in the best possible manner that this Association can do it, and that that little booklet be at the disposal of the Association ; if a breeder wants a hun- dred or five hundred give them to him, and it saves a whole lot of work in his mail, in his correspondence, and I would like very much to see that done. I would like to see it done in such a way that no herd is made promi- nent, that no ad. is put in it and mentioned this herd or that or the other by what they have done in the show ring or at the pail or anything else, but simply a general, concise, consolidated, c<3rrect history of the breed and of what has been accomplished. I would amend Mr. Pike's motion by leaving out advertisements, pictures, and any- thing tending to individualize information, and second the motion that a committee be appointed to draft such a little booklet in the immediate future, and that the Secretary be empowered, if it comes to him and this should pass, to get that in print ; he is in the printing business and probably could get it done cheaper than any of the rest of us. I would like to see that done. Mr. Oakey — I would like to ask what objection Mr. Converse has to the Year Book. Mr. Converse — Not any. 35 Mr. Oakey — The Ayrshire is a dairy cow and what- ever reUable information we can give the public in rela- tion to her dairy ability seems wise to have printed and sent abroad. The Year Book simply gives the name and number of the cow, with her official record, in which form it draws attention to the breed without directly attracting attention to the owner, but, of course, if a per- son is anxious to know whose cow or cows have given the printed records he can find out by turning to the herd book and looking it up, but the casual reader does not know, and usually does not care, for it is the general information in relation to the breed he wants to know. I believe the man who tests a good cow and obtains a creditable record has done something that benefits every man who owns an Ayrshire cow, and I for one think it would be right to have his name appear in connection with the record he has been to so much trouble to obtain in the general interests of the breed. Mr. Converse — You will allow me to say In regard to the year book, valuable as it is, and splendid as it is for what it contains, when you send it out ninety-nine out of a hundred won't read it through ; they will look it over a little casually and it would be laid aside, but a little book- let that could be read in five minutes they will read through and get the original history, etc., of the breed and save a lot of time and correspondence. Mr. Oakey — The class that take the Year Book and look at it and lay it down are men that won't buy. Dr. Turnbull — I think we can compromise ; lets have the Year Book that we can't do without and lets work this Committee like blazes and let them get out a little booklet which we can all buy, 50 or 100 or 500 as we want them. Lets allow this Committee go further and get 36 material, statistics and everything they can and put it in every paper in the United States, and work them. Let them cover the whole ground and let it be a boosting Committee, and an advertising Committee, and then we can cover all the ground ; they can get out pamphlets and the Year Book will come from the Association and we can have one for our officers and Chairman, and this work can be done and cover the entire ground. The President — The motion before the members is Mr. Pike's motion, seconded by Mr. Converse. Those in favor of this motion that a committee of three be appointed to prepare this booklet and not have anything but the state of the Ayrshires up to date, what it is, where it originated and all the history of it in as brief a form as possible, presenting its attractive features, if you please, and that sort of thing, and as I understand, nobody being adver- tised in it by any of the literature that has appeared. Mr. Pike — The suggestion of Mr. Converse is all right as far as the advertising is concerned, that is a very good suggestion ; we all are willing to accept that. I do not believe, however, that we are willing to accept the idea that we must make a booklet and leave out cuts of good cows, good bulls and good cattle in general ; nothing so enlivens a good book, any particular book, as pictures, and nothing so enlivens a book to a farmer, if he needs a good bull. We have got pictures of good dairy animals and I believe in putting all good pictures in; no better advertisement than that one thing. I will amend my motion to include the printing of pictures of such dairy animals as the Committee would select. Mr. Oakey — Keep on making amendments and you will get right around to the Year Book. 37 Mr. Pike — I don't want any one to understand I am saying anything that opposes the pubhcation of the Year Book ; that is something we must have ; this doesn't in any way interfere with the pubhcation of the Year Book ; that is to be the same as before, but this booklet or pamphlet, or whatever you may call it, supplements the Year Book, and is to be used broadcast with the common purpose in what has already been done and being done. Mr. Hayes — In seconding this motion, I would sug- gest that this Committee be appointed with power to get out this booklet weekly, quarterly or any manner. The President — Now the motion is before the house, those in favor of that motion say aye, contrary no. Two contrary. The President — It is a vote. The Chair will ap- point Mr. Winslow, W. T. Wells and W. P. Schanck. Dr. Turnbull — One thing I would like to suggest, and I think I will put it in form of a motion. I move that at our next meeting we take up for discussion the question of The Type and Mission of a Dairy Cow and talk it out, and have it out, if necessary four hours, if necessary four days, and I make a motion that at our next annual meeting the theme of the meeting shall be The Type and Mission of the Dairy Cow, and that the leading discussion at that meeting be on that subject. Mr. Oakey — In seconding the motion I would like to say that I hope all the interested breeders will think this matter over for the coming year and give us their opinion so that we can form some type to aim to. I have been a very close student of the judging, as far as I have had the opportunity to see for the last three or four years, and it is hard for a breeder to tell just what type pleases the most judges, and I think the most important thing for 38 us to do is to get the type fixed, stick to it, and aim to be as near as possible to something. I think it is the most important thing that can be done, and I feel if we do it that the $i,ooo Ayrshire cow is in the near future. The President — All those in favor of the motion of Dr. Turnbull say aye. Unanimously carried. Mr. Wells — What is the matter with a few sugges- tions; we have three-quarters of an hour before the banquet ? The President — I would like to hear Mr. Chapman, of the Country Gentleman, who has been in the office a long time. I would like to hear what they have to sug- gest. I think that at this meeting the closer we get together, and everybody speak up just what they think, that we will get ahead of the other association if we fol- low that line ; we have got to help each other and if your ideas are good, they ought to be expressed. We have all come a long way, and we want to get an education while we are here. I would like to hear from Mr. Oakey. He can tell us what he has been doing for the last couple of years. I have heard a good deal about what he is doing; I know he is getting pretty big prices for things, and I want to know how he does it; if he has got any secrets let's have them ; I would like to hear him talk a lit- tle. If he has something new, why we all ought to know it. Mr. Oakey — Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Ayrshire Breeders' Association. — I do not know that I can say anything that will be of interest to you. As many of you know, I have charge of Mr. McB'adden's herd of Scotch Ayrshires, which, in my opinion, are ex- cellent cows. There are two types of Ayrshires in Scot- 39 land — the show cow, so called, worth only its price in beef to us, and the good teated dairy cow, which is very desirable from a dairy standpoint. We have had both types in our herd, but have gradually weeded out what I call the " beef type." The American or New England Ayrshires have three very good points also, namely, soft skin, good teats and their milk tests well. Personally I am much interested in the apparent bright future of the Ayrshire cow. I wish we could get nearer together on the question of type. The demand for these cows has increased each year; and I fully believe if we stand together in the Advance Register and Home Dairy Tests so that the public can officially see what the Ayrshire cow is capable of doing, the question of price will adjust itself and the future thousand-dollar cow will be of the Ayrshire breed. The President — Mr. Brown, can't you tell us about Ayrshires down in Rhode Island? Mr. Brown — If I have anything to say it is only from my own experience. I started in in the first place to improve my milch cows. I crossed with the Holsteins. Then I crossed them with an Ayrshire bull and got some of the finest calves I ever owned. And from that I started in with the Scotch bred Ayrshire; I found thoroughbred Ayrshires, a calf for instance, would fetch more money than a grade cow perhaps twice or three times over. Well, to begin with, there is one little circum- stance that was always a little strong to me. I had seven Ayrshires in my herd that were thoroughbreds, and al- most every animal that I had except the Ayrshires aborted, and there wasn't one of the seven Ayrshires that did abort, and they run with the others all the time and were perfectly healthy. Well, the Ayrshires, with me, gave a very good average quality of milk; they give the best 40 milk to carry to a distance of any. Ayrshire milk, in the old-fashioned way of setting in a tin pan, has to set con- siderably longer than many other breeds ; the butter glob- ules are small and it takes it a longer while to rise ; it is almost impossible to get the full butter out of the Ayr- shire milk in the ordinary way of skimming from the old-fashioned tin pan. They are always hardy; I have never had what you might call a delicate Ayrshire. As a general thing they are ready to eat whatever you give them, and when they first come in they will produce large quantities of milk, but what I call a good Ayrshire cow will lose flesh; an Ayrshire cow that is fat when she comes in and keeps fat I don't think much of; but I like one that gives a good quality of milk for perhaps five or six months and then begins to shrink off in milk and begins to take on flesh, and when they become dry there is no animal that I ever feed that will take on flesh so quick as an Ayrshire, and also no animal that would eat the sort of food she will; for instance, you turn her out in a rocky pasture where a Jersey or a Guernsey will be skin poor and you will find the Ayrshire cow gnawing the brush and rooting among the briars, and she will come up full every night and give you a good flow of milk. The best Ayrshire cow I have ever known I bought of Mr. Converse, and I guess he will certify to that, and you might know that she was a good one when I bought her, for I paid $400 for her up here in Jefferson county. That cow continued to have a bull calf each year right along, but she actually gave over thirty quarts of strained milk a day. The President — The motion is made to adjourn to the banquet hall at six o'clock sharp. Unanimously carried. EXPERT JUDGES. It is the opinion of the Ayrshire Breeders' Association that the men selected by the agricultural fair associations throughout the country to judge Ayrshire cattle in the ring should be men acquainted with Ayrshire cattle, and men familiar with the scale of points and characteristics of the breed. The Executive Committee have selected the following names of men in different parts of the country, whom we believe to be experts in judging Ayrshire cattle, and would recommend to fair associations as judges : Larned, J. H Putnam, Conn. Wells, Dudley Wethersfield, Conn. Wells, S. M Newington, Conn. Stewart, John Elburn, 111. Scoville, Prof. M. A Lexington, Ky. Hunt, A. W Brunswick, Me. Fletcher, George A Milton, Mass. Hayward, Prof. H Mount Hermon, Mass. Fletcher, Etna J South Lyndeboro, N. H. Garvin, W. R Dover, N. H. Hayes, Charles H Portsmouth, N. H. Yeaton, George H Dover, N. H. Handy, R. M Dover, N. H. Cater, H. F North Barrington, N. H. Lindsay, William Plainfield, N. J. Converse, Frank Woodville, N. Y. Converse, George H Woodville, N. Y. Howatt, Gerald White Plains, N.Y. Sears, B. C Blooming Grove, N. Y. Tubbs, Ambie S Mexico, N. Y. Schanck, W. P Avon, N. Y. Hatch. C. E Gainesville, N. Y. 42 Beatty, J. P Pataskala, O. Plumb, Prof. C. S Columbus, O. Shimer, B. Luther Bethlehem, Pa. Brown, Obadiah Providence, R. I. Joslin, H. S Mohegan, R. I. Sherman, E. B Harrisville, R. I. Drew, L. S South Burlington, Vt. Spalding, F. W Poultney, Vt. Watson, H. R. C Brandon, Vt. SCALE OF POINTS OF AYRSHIRE BULL. (Adopted December 2, 1903.) The points desirable in the female are generally so in the male, but must, of course, be attended with that masculine character which is inseparable from a strong and vigorous constitution. Even a certain degree of coarseness is admissible; but then it must be so exclu- sively of masculine description as never to be discovered in a female of his get. 1. The head of the bull may be shorter than that of the cow, but the frontal bone should be broad, the muzzle good size, throat nearly free from hanging folds, eyes full. The horns should have an upward turn, with suf- ficient size at the base to indicate strength of constitution lO 2. Neck of medium length, somewhat arched, and large in the muscles which indicate power and strength lo 3. Forequarters — shoulders close to the body without any hollow space behind, chest broad, brisket deep and well developed, but not too large 7 43 4- Back short and straight, spine sufficiently de- fined, but not in the same degree as in the cow; ribs well sprung, and body deep in the flanks lO 5. Hindquarters long, broad and straight; hip bones wide apart; pelvis long, broad and straight; tail set on a level with the back, thighs deep and broad 10 6. Scrotum large, with well-developed teats in front ' . . . . 7 7. Legs short in proportion to size, joints firm, hind legs well apart, and not to cross in walking 5 8. Skin yellow, soft, elastic and of medium thick- ness 10 9. Color red, of any shade, brown or white, or a mixture of these, each color being distinctly defined 3 10. Average live weight at maturity about 1,500 pounds 10 11. General appearance, including style and move- ment 15 12. Escutcheon large and fine development 3 Perfection 100 SCALE OF POINTS OF AYRSHIRE COV\/^. (Adopted December 2, 1903.) The following scale of points for the Ayrshire cow was adopted, being similar to the scale adopted in Scot- land in 1884, and changed in a few points to render them applicable to this country : 44 1. Head medium in length, forehead wide, nose fine between the muzzle and eyes, muzzle wide, eyes full and lively, causing a hollow in face; wide between horns, inclining upward. . lo 2. Neck moderately long, free from loose skin on under side, fine at its junction with the head, and enlarging symmetrically towards the shoulders . . 5 3. Forequarters — shoulders sloping, withers fine, chest sufficiently broad and deep to insure constitution, brisket and whole forequarters light, the cow gradually increasing in depth and width backwards 5 4. Back short and strong, spine well defined, espe- cially at the shoulders ; ribs well sprung, giving large barrel capacity; the body deep at the flanks 10 5. Hindquarters long, broad and straight, except a pelvic arch; hookbones wide apart, and not overlaid with fat; tail long, slender and set on a level with the back 7 6. Udder capacious and not fleshy, hind part broad and firmly attached to the body, the sole nearly level and extending well forward ; milk veins about udder and abdomen well de- veloped, the teats from two and one-half to three inches in length, equal in thickness — the thickness being in proportion to the length ■ — hanging perpendicularly. Their distance apart at the sides should be equal to one-third of the length of the vessel, and across to one- half the breadth with no divisions between quarters of the udder . 30 45 7- Legs short in proportion to size, hind legs straight when viewed from behind ; thighs thin, giving plenty of room for udder 4 8. Skin yellow, soft and elastic, and covered with soft, close, woolly hair 5 9. Color red of any shade, brown or white, or a mixture of these, each color being distinctly defined 3 10. Average live weight in full milk about 1,000 pounds 8 11. General appearance, including style and move- ment 10 12. Escutcheon large and fine development 3 Perfection 100 CHARTER. An Act to Incorporate the Ayrshire Breeders' Association. It is hereby enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont: Sec. I. J. D. W. French, James F. Converse, Alonzo Libby, F. H. Mason, Obadiah Brown, Henry E. Smith, C. M. Winslow, S. M. Wells, H. R. C. Watson, James Scott, George A. Fletcher, Charles H. Hayes, John Stewart, their associates and successors, are constituted a body corporate by the name of the "Ayrshire Breeders Association," and by that name may sue and be sued; may acquire by gift or purchase, hold and convey real and personal estate necessary for the purposes of this cor- 46 poration, not to exceed twenty-five thousand dollars ; may have a common seal and alter the same at pleasure. Sec. 2. The object of this corporation shall be to publish a Herd Book, and for such other purposes as may be conducive to the interests of breeders of Ayrshire cattle. Sec. 3. This corporation may elect officers and make such by-laws, rules and regulations for the management of its business as may be necessary, not inconsistent with the laws of this State. Sec. 4. This corporation may hold its meetings at such time and place as the corporation may appoint. Sec. 5. This act shall take effect from its passage. JOSIAH GROUT, Speaker of the House of Representatives. LEVI K. FULLER, President of the Senate. Approved November 23, 1886. EBENEZER J. ORMSBEE, Governor. (A true copy.) Attest: E. W. J. Hawkins, Engrossing Clerk. RULES FOR ADVANCED REGISTRY. PREAMBLE. For the purpose of encouraging a better system of keeping milk and butter records, and that we may obtain more reliable records of the dairy yield of Ayrshire cows, we hereby adopt the following rules and regula- tions for the establishment of a system of Advanced Registry for Ayrshire cattle. 47 RULE I. The Secretary of the Association shall have charge of this registry under the general supervision and direction of the Executive Committee, shall prepare and publish blank forms and circulars needed in carrying this system into effect, receive and attend to all applications for this registry, and have general oversight and direction of all official tests of milk and butter production for it, and per- form such other duties as may be required to secure the efficiency and success of this system. He shall make a full report of his work in this branch at the annual meet- ing each year, and publish the entries when so ordered by the Executive Committee. RULE IL Classification of Tests. Cows may be entered for record from a seven-day test of milk and butter, also from a year's test for milk and butter, and the seven-day test may be included in the year's test. RULE in. Classification of Animals. Cows from two to three years old shall be in a class known as the two-year-old form. CoAvs from three to four years old shall be in a class known as the three-year-old form. Cows from four to five years old shall be in a class known as the four-year-old form. Cows above five years old shall be in a class known as the full-age form. RULE IV. Eligibility of Bulls. No bull shall be eligible to Advanced Registry unless he shall have been previously recorded in the Ayrshire Record. 48 a. A bull to be eligible to Advanced Registry shall be a typical Ayrshire bull in general appearance, shall scale 80 points, and have two daughters in the Registry. b. A bull may be admitted to Advanced Registry without physical qualifications, and without scaling, pro- vided he has four daughters in the Advanced Registry. RULE V. . Eligibility of Cows. No cow shall be admitted to Advanced Registry unless she shall have been previously recorded in the Ayrshire Record. Two- Year-Old Form. a. Seven-day record. If her record begins the day she is two years old, or before that time, she shall, to entitle her to record, give not less than 200 pounds of milk and eight pounds of butter in seven consecutive days, and for each day she is over two years old at time of beginning of test, there shall be added .137 pounds to the 200 pounds of milk, and .0055 pounds to the eight pounds of butter. b. Year's record. If her record begins the day she is two years old, or before that time, she shall, to entitle her to record, give not less than 5,500 pounds of milk in 365 consecutive days from the beginning of the test and 225 pounds of butter, and for each day she is over two years old at time of beginning the test, there shall be added 2.74 pounds of milk to the 5,500 pounds and .137 pounds of butter to the 225 pounds. Three- Year-Old Form. a. Seven-day record. Two hundred and fifty pounds of milk and ten pounds of butter with the same addition 49 made to these amounts for each day she is over three years old when the test begins that is made to the two- year-old form, which addition shall be made for each form to maturity. b. Year's record. Six thousand five hundred pounds of milk and 275 pounds of butter for 365 consecutive days from the beginning of the test with the same addi- tions for milk and butter as are required in the two-year- old form for each day she is over three years old at time of beginning test, which addition shall be made in each succeeding form to maturity. Four- Year-Old Form. a. Seven-day record. Three hundred pounds of milk and twelve pounds of butter. b. Year's record. Seven thousand five hundred pounds of milk and 325 pounds of butter. Mature Form. a. Seven-day record. Three hundred and fifty pounds of milk and fourteen pounds of butter. b. Year's record. Eight thousand five hundred pounds of milk and 375 pounds of butter. RULE VI. Period for Making Tests. All tests for a year shall be commenced as soon after calving as practicable, and shall not extend beyond 365 days from the commencement of the test, and in no case shall the test include the milk or butter from a second calving. 4 50 The seven-day test may be made at any time, and should be made when the cow is at her best stage of the milking period. If a cow is being tested for a year, the result may also include a seven days' test made within that time. RULE VII. Application for Tests. Application for intended tests should be made to the Secretary as long before the desired time for beginning such test as possible in order to allow sufficient time to arrange with the Experiment Station of the State where the owner is located for their supervision of the test. In making application for a test the owner should give sufficient evidence of the capability of the cow to qualify to warrant making the test. RULE VTII. Method of Conducting. All tests shall be under the supervision of the Secretary and the Experiment Station of the State where the test is being made, or such persons as may be appointed by concurrence of Secretary and Station. , For the seven-day test the agent shall see the cow milked clean twelve hours before the test begins, and shall be present at each subsequent milking, shall weigh each milking, and take a sample for a Babcock test, and shall take entire charge of such sample until tested, and shall report the result of such test to the Secretary on blanks furnished for that purpose. For the year's test the owner shall weigh each milking and keep a careful record of the same on blank forms furnished by the Secretary, and about the middle of each 51 month he shall take a two consecutive days' sample, according to directions, and send to his Experiment Sta- tion; and, in addition to this, the Experiment Station will send an agent to the stable at such times as the Director of the Station and the Secretary of the Association mutually desire, and not less than three times during the year, and said agent shall take a copy of the owner's milk record of the cow or cows being tested for the two days immediately preceding his visit, and shall weigh the milk for the two days of his visit, and take samples of each milking for a Babcock test, which tests, taken in connec- tion with the tests from the monthly samples made by the owner, shall be the basis of computing the year's record of the cow. RULE IX. Expense of Making Test. All the expense of the seven-day test shall be borne by the owner of the cow being tested. In the year's test the expense of sending the samples taken monthly by owner of cow shall be borne by the owner of the cow, but the expense of Station work in test- ing samples and in sending an agent to verify tests shall be borne by the Association. RULE X. No Fee Required For Entries. In view of the public benefits accruing from investiga- tions under this system of registry, and of the personal benefits to owners and breeders of Ayrshire cattle from demonstrations of their superiority by properly authen- ticated milk and butter records made, gathered and pre- served through this system, no fees will be charged for any form of entry in its Register. RULE XL Amendment. These rules may be altered, amended or added to by a two-thirds vote of the members present at any regular meeting of this Association, notice of proposed amend- ment having been given in the call for said meeting. CONSTITUTION, Preamble. We, the undersigned breeders of Ayrshire cattle, recog- nizing the importance of a trustworthy Herd Book that shall be accepted -as a final authority in all questions of pedigree, and desiring to secure the co-operation of all who feel an interest in preserving the purity of this stock, do hereby agree to form an Association for the publica- tion of a Herd Book, and for such other purposes as may be conducive to the interest of breeders, and adopt the following Constitution : Article' L This Association shall be called the Ayrshire Breeders Association. Article H. The members of the Association shall comprise only the original signers of this Constitution, and such other persons as may be admitted, as hereinafter provided. Article HL Sec. I. The officers of the Association shall consist of a President, four Vice-Presidents, a Treasurer, a Sec- retary and an Auditor, who together with six members 53 of the Association, all chosen by ballot, shall constitute an Executive Committee. Sec. 2. The President, Secretary and Treasurer shall be the Finance Committee ex officio. Sec. 3. The President, Vice-Presidents, Treasurer, Secretary and Auditor shall be elected annually. The six members who make up the balance of the Executive Committee shall be elected as follows : Two members for one year, two members for two years and two members for three years, and hereafter two members shall be elected each year for a term of three years. Sec. 4. The President shall preside at all meetings of the members of the Association, and all meetings of the Executive Committee when he is present, but when absent a Vice-President shall act in his stead. The Presi- dent shall sign all Certificates of Membership which may be issued, and shall be the custodian of all bonds given by officers of the Association, or renewals thereof. Sec. 5. The Finance Committee shall have authority to take the entire control and management of the affairs of the Association, between the Annual Meetings, with full power and authority to do what they deem proper and best for its interests, but nothing contrary to the expressed wish of the Association. Sec. 6. The Treasurer shall have charge of all the funds of the Association and make all investments thereof, subject to the provisions of the section regulat- ing the Finance Committee, and shall pay all bills of the Association, after being indorsed by the Finance Com- mittee and approved by the Auditor, and shall perform such other duties as are incident to the office of Treasurer. He shall give a bond with sureties, to the satisfaction of the Finance Committee and Auditor. 54 Sec. 7. The Secretary shall be the corresponding and recording officer of the Association, shall sign and issue all certificates of membership and registry and of transfer registry, and shall keep a record of all such certificates issued, and do such other duties as are incident to the office of Secretary. He shall edit and publish the Herd Book at such times and in such form as the Executive Committee may direct. He is authorized to expend such sums as he may find necessary for the carrying on the ordinary business of his office, and shall keep an accurate account in detail of all moneys received and paid out by him in the perform- ance of his duties, a copy of which he shall transmit quar- terly, during the week next succeeding the quarter, to the Auditor, and shall at the same time send to the Treasurer whatever moneys he may have on hand at the ending of the quarter. He shall give a bond with sureties to the satisfaction of the Finance Committee and Auditor. Sec. 8. The Finance Committee shall annually ex- amine the condition of the Association in its financial and business affairs, and report its condition to the Asso- ciation at its Annual Meeting, and in conjunction with the Treasurer shall act in making investments of the funds of the Association. Any disagreement between the Finance Committee as to the investment or care of the funds of the Association shall be referred to the Executive Committee for final adjustment. All bills against the Association shall be approved by the Finance Committee and sent by them to the Auditor. Sec. 9. The Auditor shall examine all accounts sent him from any member of the Finance Committee, and if 55 found correct, shall approve and forward the same to the Treasurer for payment, and shall annually, when auditing the accounts of the year for the Secretary and Treasurer, previous to the Annual Meeting, make a complete inven- tory of all property found in the hands of the Secretary and Treasurer, and forward the same to the Finance Committee, which shall be incorporated in the report of the Finance Committee to the Association at their Annual Meeting. Sec. id. The Treasurer, Secretary and /Auditor shall receive such compensation for their services as the Asso- ciation shall determine. Article IV. The Annual Meeting of the Association shall be held each year at such time and place as shall be designated by the Executive Committee (of which notice shall be sent to members at least one month previous) for the dis- cussion of questions of interest to the members, and for the election of officers for the ensuing year. Special meetings of the Association may be called by the Presi- dent or by the Executive Committee, or at the written request of ten members. Twenty days' notice must be given and the object of the meeting announced in the call, and no business other than that specified in the call shall be transacted at the special meeting. Time and place shall be determined in same way as Annual Meeting. At all meetings of the Association members may vote in person or by proxy, or they may send their ballot by mail to the Secretary, whose duty it shall be to vote the same, and to acknowledge their receipt. At least twenty members present, represented by proxy or written ballot, shall be a quorum for transacting business. 56 Article V. Only breeders of Ayrshire cattle shall be eligible for membership, and members shall be elected at any regular meeting of the Association; also by the unanimous writ- ten consent of the Executive Committee at any time be- tween the annual meetings, subject to the following conditions : Each applicant for membership shall be recommended by one or more members of the Association as a trust- worthy and careful breeder; and no new member shall be admitted if objected to by any officer of the Association. The Secretary shall notify the candidate of his rejec- tion, or, in case of his election, that he will be admitted as a member on signing the Constitution and paying the initiation fee. An applicant who has been rejected shall not be voted on again until two years from the date of his rejection, unless by the unanimous consent of the officers of the Association. Article VI. Each member shall pay an initiation fee of twenty-five dollars. These fees shall constitute an Association fund to defray the expenses of publishing the Herd Book, and other charges incidental to the organization of the Asso- ciation, and to the transaction of its business. No officer or member shall be authorized to contract any debt in the name of the Association. Article VII. The Herd Book shall be edited by an editor appointed for that purpose under the control and supervision of the Executive Committee, and shall be published only with its official approval. 57 The charge for entry of the pedigree of each animal belonging to a member of the Association shall be fixed by the Executive Committee, but shall not exceed one dollar, except for an animal two years old. Animals not belonging to members of the Association may be entered in the Herd Book upon the payment of twice the amount charged to members. The Herd Book charges shall be appropriated to the examination and verification of pedigrees and the prep- aration of the Herd Book, which shall be published by the Association and be its property. The price of the Herd Book shall be determined by the Executive Com- mittee. The Editor shall keep on file all documents con- stituting his authority for pedigrees, and shall hold them subject to the inspection of any member of the Associa- tion, and shall deliver them to his successor in office. Article VHI. Should it occur at any time that any member of the Association shall be charged with wilful misrepresenta- tion in regard to any animal, or with any other act de- rogatory to the standing of the Association, the Executive Committee shall examine into the matter; and, if it shall find there is foundation for such a charge, the offending member may be expelled by a vote of two-thirds of the members of the Association present or represented at any regular meeting. Article IX. This Constitution may be altered or amended by a vote of two-thirds of the members present or represented by proxy at any annual meeting of the Association. Notice of proposed alterations or amendments shall be given in the call for said meeting. REGULATIONS. 1 . Only such animals shall be admitted to the Herd Book as are proved to be either imported from Scotland, or descended from such imported animals. 2. All animals hereafter imported to be eligible to registry in the Ayrshire Record must previously be re- corded in the Ayrshire Herd Book of Scotland, and an application for registry must be accompanied by a cer- tificate of registry duly signed by the Secretary in Scotland. Entries of calves imported in dam must be accom- panied by the certificate of registry of sire and dam in the Scotch Herd Book, also certificate of bull service signed by owner of bull. 3. No animal not already named and entered in some Herd Book shall be accepted for entry under a name that has already been offered for entry; also, the affix ist, 2d and 3d shall apply only to calves of the cow bearing the name used; not to her grandchildren or any other animal. 4. The breeder of an animal shall be considered the one owning the dam at the time of her service by the bull. 5. No pedigree will be received for entry from any- one, except the breeder of the animal offered, unless it is accompanied by a certificate of the breeder or his legal representative, indorsing the pedigree. . Entries of calves, sired by bulls not owned by the breeder of the calf, shall be accompanied by a certificate of bull service signed by owner of bull. 6. All animals sold, in order that their progeny may be registered, must have their successive transfers duly recorded. Records of transfers will be made only on the certificate of former owner, or his legal representative. 59 7- A transfer-book shall be kept by the Editor, in which all changes of ownership shall be recorded. 8. The Editor shall keep a record of the deaths of all animals which may be sent to him. (And breeders are requested to forward the same, stating cause, etc.) 9. The fees for recording are one dollar for each ani- mal recorded by and in the name of a member of the Association, being either bred or owned by him, and two dollars for animals over two years old at the time of entry, but this is not intended to allow, at members' rates, the recording of calves born after the dam is sold, when the owner is not a member. On imported animals the two-year limit is reckoned from date of importation, and the same on animals brought from Canada. A fee of twenty-five cents will be charged for record- ing ancestors necessary to complete a pedigree to im- portation or to cattle already in the Ayrshire Record,' when the record is for cattle bred and owned by other parties, and is of no other value to the person having the recording done, other than to admit his animal to record. Transfer fee twenty-five cents. Double the above rates are charged to those not members. Duplicate certificates of entry or transfer twenty-five cents each. A fee of fifty cents will be charged for a Custom House certificate on each animal imported from Canada. _ All the above fees should accompany the .entry or transfer papers to insure attention. 10. An individual membership shall be continued after the death of a member in the settlement of his estate until the same shall be settled, and then the membership shall cease. The inheritor of a herd of Ayrshires shall 6o also inherit the membership of the Ayrshire Breeders Association — subject to approval of said Association. In case of corporations, the corporation may continue as a member so long as they are interested in the Association, and shall be represented by such person as may be desig- nated by the President and Secretary of the corporation. The surviving member of a firm may be the member of the Association. A firm shall have but one address. II. These Regulations may be altered, amended or added to, with the consent of two-thirds of the officers of the Association and Executive Committee, GENERAL INFORMATION. Each volume of the Ayrshire Record, I to XVI, inclusive, may be obtained of the Treasurer, N. S. Win- sor, Greenville, R. I., postage paid, $2.25. Milk record blanks to accommodate herds - of thirty- three cows may be had of the Secretary, C. M. Winslow, Brandon, Vt., $1.50 per 100. Blanks for extending Pedigrees to five generations may be had of the Secretary at $1.00 per 100, postage paid. Private Herd Book records, board cover, may be had of the Secretary at $1.50 each, postage paid, arranged for tabulated pedigree for seventy-five (75) cows with spaces for monthly milk and butter record for eight years, ser- vice and produce record for twelve years. All blanks necessary for recording and transferring Ayrshires may be had of the Secretary free of charge. Membership fee $25.00, which is for life, not transfer- able and no assessments. 6i The survivor of a partnership may "become the member. The inheritor of a herd may also inherit the mem- bership. The partnership of a herd can apply to only one herd and cannot be divided for two herds or in two post-office addresses. Members' fees for recording, $i.oo for each animal under two years old, $2.00 for each animal over two years old. The date of the two-year limit in age is reckoned from the date the application for record is mailed. The two-year limit on animals imported or brought from Canada is reckoned from date of Custom House receipt. Transfer fee, twenty-five cents. A fee of twenty-five cents each is charged for record- ing ancestors necessary to complete a pedigree to importa- tion, or to cattle already recorded in the Ayrshire Record when the record for cattle bred and owned by other parties and is of no other value to the person recording. Double the above rates to non-members. The rate charged is governed by the fact of whether the person sending the application is a member or non- member, and not by who bred the animal. Duplicate certificates of entry or transfer, twenty-five cents each. A charge of $1.00 each is made for investigating a Canadian pedigree to learn its eligibility to record, which will be applied towards the recording if the animal is to be recorded. A fee of fifty cents each is charged for a Custom House certificate for animals imported from Canada. By mutual agreement of the " Canadian Ayrshire Herd Book Association " and " Ayrshire Breeders Association " 62 entries from the Canadian Herd Book of animals that are sold to parties in the United States and are found to be eligible to entry in the Ayrshire Record, will be re- ceived from the Canadians at the following rates for entry regardless of any age limit: One dollar for the animal presented for record, and $i.oo each for the an- cestors to the number of ten, and twenty-five cents for each ancestor back of ten in number necessary to connect to animals already registered in the Ayrshire Record or to importation from Scotland. Application for entry of Canadian bred animals owned by non-members of the Ayrshire Breeders Association, will have to be accompanied with a Canadian certificate of entry as authority for accepting the pedigree. No animal will be received for record that does not trace in each branch of its pedigree step by step by name and number to a reliable importation. All the above fees should accompany the applications to insure attention. In giving sire and dam be careful to always give the Herd Book number of sire and dam. When purchasing an animal be sure to get a transfer or see that the seller sends one to the Secretary for record. When buying a female in calf be sure to get a certifi- cate of bull service from the owner of the cow, and attach it to the application for entry of her calf when sending in for record. In filling out an application for entry of an animal that is sold there is no need of a separate transfer, but enter it in the line for owner with date of sale, and there is no extra charge for a transfer when so recorded. In giving the markings on the back of the application blank be careful to mark with ink and as accurately as 63 possible, marking r for the red spots and iv for the white spots. When buying Ayrshires in Canada our government admits free of duty if they are registered in our book before being entered at the Custom House, and it is much safer not to move them from the owner until they are recorded, because sometimes it happens that the pedigree must be looked up at the Canada office, and there is often considerable delay. Then, too, there are some animals recorded in the Canadian Books that are not eligible to record in ours, and if they are recorded in our books before closing the trade, it saves loss to buyer. Sometimes buyers go into Canada and are persuaded to buy and pay the duty to save time, but this is risky, as afterwards it is sometimes found that such animals cannot be recorded in our book. The Canadians sometimes try to convince the buyer that it is just as well to simply continue the Canada. Register, and record there instead of in our book, which is not true, as a record in the Canada book is only valu- able in Canada. All Ayrshires to be salable this side the line must be recorded in our book or be eligible to such record. It would be wise for anyone having an Ayrshire cow of extraordinary dairy ability to have her tested for Ad- vanced Registry. OFFICERS OF THE ASSOCIATION. President. George William Ballou. Middletown, N. Y. Vice-Presidents. Obadiah Brown Providence, R. I. Etna J. Fletcher Greenfield, N. H. S. M. Wells Newington, Conn. George H. McFadden Bryn Mawr, Pa. Secretary and Editor. Charles M. Winslow Brandon, Vt. Treasurer. Nicholas S. Winsor Greenville, R. I. Auditor. George H. Yeaton Dover, N. H. Executive Committee. Howard Cook Beloit, Ohio. W. P. Schanck Avon, N. Y. Charles H. Hayes Portsmouth. N. H. Everett B. Sherman Harrisville, R. I. J. F. Converse Woodville, N. Y. J. Andrew Casterline Dover, N. J. MEMBERS OF THE ASSOCIATION. California. Bement, George Melrose. Colorado. Osgood, J. C Redstone. Flora 4th of Bonshaw. 15578 Mysie of Barcheskie. 14952. Marion op Burnside. 19498. Lady Wonder. 14158. Jane of Bkyn Mawr. 17901. Annie Bedford. 19566. ^ 05 Connecticut. Baton, John A., & Son Wauregan. Connecticut Insane Asylum Middletown. Dorrance, Henry Plainfield. Ennis, Alfred A Danielson. Gold, T. S West Cornwall. Greene, B. D Stamford. Kahn, Geo. A Franklin. Larned, J. H Putnam. Palmer, Edward G Plainfield. Roode, Joseph Jewett City. Sears, N. E Elmwood. Tod, Wm. Stewart East Stanwich. Weed, John W Noroton. Wells, Dudley Wethersfield. Wells, S. M., & Son Newington. Delaware. Sellers, William Edgemoor. Illinois. Blodgett, H. W Waukegan. Jones, D. & G Galesburgh. Stewart, John Elburii. lOWA. Coldren, J. N Iowa City. Kansas. Adams, A. A Berryton. Delap, S. N lola. Stowits, H . Abilene. 5 66 Maine. Buckley, J. P Stroudwater, Dearborne, A. J West Falmouth. Hunt, A. W Brunswick. Milliken, Chas. R Portland. Pember, Elmer F Bangor. Maryland. Harrison, Chas. K Pikesville. Scott, J. McPherson Hagerstown. Massachusetts. Bacon, P. K Campello. Barnes, B. F Haverhill. Beldon, C. M South Natick. Blodgett, J. W East Saugus. Boise, Enos W Blandford. Bowker, George H Westboro. Bradford, J. H., Supt Monson. Burt, Jairus F. Easthampton. Calumet Woolen Co Uxbridge. Choate, Charles F Southboro. Clark, Franklin P Sudbury. Cooke, F. C Carlisle. Copeland, Davis & Son Campello. Crissey, Warren Great Barrington. Curtis, L. W Globe Village. Doe, Charles C Lexington. Fletcher, George A Milton. Hamilton Woolen Co . Southbridge. Harrington, H. A Worcester. Heath, G. P Northboro. Knowlton, George W West Upton. Lawrence, James Groton. 6; Leach, J. Hooper Bridgewater. Leach, Philo Bridge water. Merriam, Herbert Weston. Morrell, Harry E Wayland. Mt. Hermon Boys' School Mt. Hermon. Peirce, F. C Concord Junction. Perley, Charles Bradford. Pierce, George H Concord. Piper, Anson C South Acton. Reed, Hammon Lexington. Sage, Chas. D North Brookfield. Smith, Peter D Andover. Stone, Geo. F. Littleton. Thorp, John C Holyoke. Tyler, Arthur F Athol. Walker, William I Great Barrington. Young, Gilman P Grafton. Minnesota. Hill, James J St. Paul. Reeve, C. McC Minneapolis. Scott, John W Austin. Wilcox, John F Minneapolis. Mississippi. Surget, James Natchez: Montana. Davidson, E. M., & Son. .■ Manhattan. New Hampshire. Abbott, J. N. ; Concord. Bell, Charles J Hollis. Breck, Stephen R Claremont. Cater, H. F., & Son North Barrington. 68 Childs, Harlow N Piermont. Clark, George C Orford. Edes, Samuel Newport. Fletcher, Etna J South Lyndeboro. Garvin, W. R Dover. Hayes, Charles H Portsmouth. Hayes, Charles S Portsmouth. Healey, C. N Exeter.' Holt, Andy Lyndeboro. Holt, E. A Hudson. Kimball, Herbert M Concord. Marshall, Wm. C Laconia. Rockwood, C. E., & Son Temple. Russell, Frank E Greenfield. Sawyer, E. E. Atkinson. Strafford County Farm Dover. Willoughby, Ai Woodsville. Yeaton, George H Dover. New Jersey. Beach, Frederick H Dover. Burke, Joseph F Morristown. Casterline, J. Andrew Dover. Crane, John Union. Farley, F. C Milburn. Howatt, D. E New Brunswick. Lindsay, William Plainfield. Magie, J. D and B. L Elizabeth. Probasco, W. V Cream Ridge. Sadler, Edward W Mont Clair. Whittingham, W. R Milburn. New York. Arden Farms Dairy Co., Wm. Viner, Superintendent Arden. 69 Ashley, E. L Glens Falls. Babcock, F. M Gouverneur. Ballou, Geo. Wm Middletown. Barney, C. S Milford. Barnes, N Middle Hope. Bell, George H Rome. Brayton, C. N South Wales. Brush & Rowley Northport. Burdick, Thomas J., & Sons Alfred. Burnett, John W Salem. Button, E. L Melrose. Buttrick, C. A Liberty Falls. Campbell, John S . . New York Mills. Clark, C. W Guymard. Clark, N. E Potsdam. Colburn, Jay L Milford, Conger, Lawton M Collins. Converse, J. F Woodville, Cookingham, H. W Cherry Creek. Doane, Franklin Middletown. Dorn, Elmer J Johnstown. Dunham, Lawrence 7 E. 42d, New York. Emery, C. G Clayton. Griffin, J. H Moira. Hall, Lott Gouverneur. Ham, Eugene Verbank. Harrington, A. D Oxford. Hatch, C. E Gainesville. Hawkes, E. B Wells' Bridge. Horton, H. A Johnson. Hubbard, George D Camden. Hufifstater, L Sandy Creek. Hyde, J. B 120 B'way, N. Y. Jackson, B. O., & Son Boonville. Jay, William Katonah. Jenkins, J. W Vernon. Karr, S. S., & Sons Almond. Kenyon, Louis H Utopia, Leach, J. S., & Son Gouverneur. Lewis, C. W., & Sons Alfred Station. Litchard, A. L., & Son Rushford. McCrea, Robert Champlain. Mercereau, W. W. & H. B Vestal. Miller, James Penn Yan. Nichols, James H Carmel. Norton, W. H Belmont. Oneida Community, Limited Kenway. Ormiston Bros Cuba. Paget, A. H Lakeville. Pike, George E Gouverneur. Ramsdell, H. S Newburgh. Rhodes, T. F. . . > Camillus. Rodger, G. L Gouverneur. Ryder, Arthur B Barnerville. Schanck, W. P Avon. Schouten, E. A Cortland. Sears, B. C Blooming Grove. Seaver, Henry E Canton, Siver, D. E Cooperstown. Skinner, Harry W Utica. Smith, Oliver, & Son Chateaugay, Stetson, Francis Lynde Sterlington. Stowell, L. D Black Creek. Stowell, W. C Black Creek, Strickland, J. P. , , , Cattaraugus. Taber, George East Aurora. Taylor, John L Owego. Topping, R. R , Amsterdam. 71 Tubbs, Ambie S Mexico. Tucker, W. G Elm Valley. Tnrnbull, Thomas, Jr 20 Arnold Park, Rochester. Tuttle, M. A Hornellsville. Underhill, C. S Glenham. Verplank, Samuel Fishkill-on-Hudson. Ward, M. B Treadwell. Welch, M. G., & Son Burke. Whitney, C. P Orleans. Will, John Ft. Covington. Winter, N. H Cortland. Wood, J. Walter, Jr Clayton. Zabriskie, Andrew C Barrytown. Ohio. Beatty, J. P Pataskala. Betts, Henry Pittsfield. Cook, Howard Beloit. Crane, J. H., & Sons Toledo. McConnell, A. B., & Son Wellington. Spencer, A. B Goldwood. Wilson, A. J Grafton. Oregon. Honeyman, J. D Portland. Pennsylvania. Ayer, H. S Columbus. Blakeslee, O. P Spartansburg. Boyer, R. A Catasauqua. Butterfield, Jerome F South Montrose. Byrne, Christopher • Friendsville. Byrne, Patrick St. Josephs. 72 Carrons, Robert M Washington. Cass, Geo. L Sunbury. Cloud, James, & Son Kennett Square. Cornell, A. M Altus. Cornell, H. S Columbia Cross Rds. Farrell, W. E Corry. Hillview Stock Farm, Limited..,. Paoli. Hopkins, Willis W Aldenville. Logan, A. Sidney Philadelphia. McCray, C. F., & Son Corry. McFadden, George H Bryn Mawr. Munce, R. J Washington. Peck, C. L Coudersport. Roberts, Jr., Percival Narberth. Shimer, A. S Redington. Shimer, B. Luther Bethlehem. Stewart, C. E Hartstown. Templeton, Robert, & Son Ulster. Valentine, John R Bryn Mawr. Rhode Island. Angell, Edwin G Providence. Bowen, Edward S Pawtucket. Brown, Obadiah Providence. Davis, L. D Newport. Hawes, Addison S Providence. Joslin, H. S Mohegan. Sherman, Everett B Harrisville. Sherman, Leander Harrisville. Smith, Daniel A Tarkiln. Tefft, S. Frank Hamilton. Vaughn, William P Providence. Winsor, Nicholas S Greenville. 7Z South Carolina. Crayton, B. F., & Son Anderson. Hinson, W. G Charleston. Texas. Pope, Rev. G. Stanley Grand View. Turner, J. C. Longview. Virginia. Turnbull, Thomas, Jr Casanova. Venable, A. R., Jr '. Farmville. Vermont. Abell, C. A St. Albans. Ball, A. P Derby Line. Brainerd, L St. Albans. Davidson, George West Derby. Drew, L. S South Burlington. Emerson, Charles W Charlotte. Fisher & May St. Albans Hill. Forest Park Farm Brandon. Foss, J. Barron St. Albans. Hannah, Matthew Windsor. Houghton, W. W Lyndonville. Joslyn, F. A Northfield. Merriam, W. A Glover. Nye, W. C East Barre. Parker, R., & Son Ferrisburg. Proctor, Fletcher D Proctor. Rice, George L Rutland. Sanford, Charles Ludlow. Scott, W. F Brandon. Scribner, G. S Castleton. Smith, E. A Brandon. Spalding, L. C, & Son Poultney. 74 Stevens, Wm. Stanford St. Albans. Turner, Walter D Moretown, Vermont Experiment Station Burlington. Vermont Industrial School Vergennes. Watson, H. R. C Brandon. Winslow, C. M Brandon. West Virginia. Reymann, L. A Wheeling. Wisconsin. Hazen, Chester Brandon. Johnson, Joseph Hartland. Jones, Sam Juneau. Tschudy, Fred Monroe. Residence Unknown. Birnie, Charles A Crane, Fred Fairweather, William Haskins, J. P Krebs, J. DeWitt Robinson, Isaac R Smith, J. B Thurber, C. S Walcott, C. W Wood, Lucius H. . Canada. Allan, Andrew Montreal, Que. Cochran, M. H Compton, Que. Clark, J. G Ottawa, Ont. Gibb, John L Quebec, Que. Hume, Alex., & Co Menie, Ont. Irving, Thomas Petite Cote, Que. Scotland. Stewart, John Lome Island of Coll. AYRSHIRE CATTLE. C. M. WiNSLOW. The county of Ayr, in which the Ayrshire breed of cattle originated, is situated in the southwest of Scot- land, backed by mountains on the east and washed by the ocean on the west, having the form of a crescent and embracing the Firth of Clyde in its circle. The face of the country is hilly and rises from the level of the sea to some 2,000 feet to the top of the mountains on the east. The soil is strong and somewhat heavy, being a clay and clay-loam, but thinner on the tops of the hills and mountains, the whole being originally covered with a dense growth of timber. The climate is moist, with a temperature ranging from about twenty-five to sixty-five degrees, with a mean of about forty-seven degrees, regulated by its proximity to the sea, and with frequent rains, which are favorable to growth of grass and giving luxuriant pasturage, though sometimes it is swept by fierce coast storms. The origin of the Ayrshire breed of cattle is veiled in some obscurity, but the earliest history speaks of the native wild cattle of the country as being white, with red ears and black noses, high white horns with black tips, with an animal noAv and then having more of the brown, black or red, very wild and the bulls fierce, but when calves are taken young, grow up to be quiet and tame. From the above it would seem a probable theory that the original white cattle of Scotland were the foundation of the Avrshire. 76 This is the more reasonable when we consider that white is the natural color of the Ayrshire, and unless care is constantly exercised in selection for coupling they will revert to white or more white than red. The first we hear of any effort being made to improve the native stock of the country was about 1700, and this was said to have been accomplished by selection and better care. About 1750, we read from Alton, that Earl of March- mont purchased from the Bishop of Durham, and car- ried to his seat in Berwickshire, several cow^s and a bull of the Teeswater or other English breed of a brown and white color. He also writes that about 1770, bulls and cows of the Teeswater or Shorthorn breed were said to have been introduced by several proprietors, and it is from them and their crosses with the native stock that the present dairy breed has been formed. In 181 1, in "Survey of Ayrshire," Alton writes that the Ayrshire dairy breed is " — in a great measure the native indigenous breed of the county of Ayr, improved in their size, shapes and qualities chiefly by judicious selection, cross coupling, feeding and treatment for a long series of time and with much judgment and attention." From about the beginning of the last century we find frequent mention of efforts for improvement in the shape of the body and especially in the shape of the udder. Mention is made of a particular family of Ayrshires called the Swinley variety, obtained by infusion of the West Highland blood, which produced cattle with a broader head, more upright horns, thicker hair and stronger constitutions. In 1853 the Ayrshire Agricul- 77 tural Association established a scale of points as a guide to the breeder which differs in a few respects from ours in allowing " the horns incline upwards and curve slightly inwards ; " " teats two to two and one-half inches long ; " " colors preferred are brown or brown and white." The Canadians claim that Ayrshires were very early brought into Canada on ships coming from Scotland, being used for the supply of milk on the passage and sold at Quebec or Montreal on their arrival, and so popular did these become that shipmasters were fre- quently commissioned to bring over one or more cows from Ayrshire. More recently the importation of Ayrshires into Canada was constantly being made for breeding pur- poses by the Scotch farmers, and of late there have been a good many brought over by wealthy men of Montreal and other cities, more particularly for com- peting against each other in the show ring, and with great rivalry. The importation into the United States began in 1837 by an importation to Massachusetts, and continued at intervals for about twenty or twenty-five years, with importations into various of the Eastern States, but, while they pleased their owners in easy keeping quali- ties, hardy constitution, perfect shaped udders and great milking capacity, they were very unsatisfactory milkers on account of their short teats, and they failed to obtain that strong foothold they had in Scotland and Canada, where the women did the milking, and preferred a short teat because they milked by stripping with the thumb and forefinger, while in the United States the men did the milking and wanted a large, long teat they could grasp. 78 / By reason of the short teats the importation into the United States gradually ceased, and owners of Ayrshire cattle began, by breeding and selection, to try and lengthen the teats and at the same time retain their wonderful dairy quality and hardiness, which has been done, and to-day the Ayrshires of the United States are undoubtedly the best dairy Ayrshires to be found in any of the three homes of the breed — Scotland, Canada or the States — and have uniformly the longest teats. The Ayrshires of the United States are probably the purest bred Ayrshires to be found, for the importations were made direct from breeders in Scotland, and the first account we have of a register being published for Ayrshire cattle was Volume I of the present series, pub- lished in 1863, which was revised in 1876, and now numbers twenty volumes. The requirement for eligibility to record in the Ayr- shire Record is that each animal shall trace in an unbroken line in every branch to a reliable importation from Scotland, and every effort possible is made to guard against mistakes from carelessness in keeping stable records. The first Ayrshire Herd Book published in Scotland bears date of 1878, and the editor states in the preface that the first volume contains over 550 entries, but that he has encountered great difficulty in tracing pedigrees because names were rarely given to animals. Since then, their Herd Books have been published regularly. At first the old Scotch breeders were reluctant to join the Association and keep records of their cattle, saying there was no need of it, but the popularity of Herd Book cattle and increased demand for registered stock has influenced most of them to register their cattle. 79 In order to gain admission to the Herd Book an ani- mal whose ancestry has not been recorded must first win a prize at one of their fairs, which makes her ehgible to record in the appendix, and her progeny by a regis- tered bull can be admitted to the regular book. The Ayrshires in Scotland, with a long line of recorded stock back of them in every branch, are undoubtedly as pure bred as the Ayrshires that were brought over to this country many years ago, and have been kept recorded in our Herd Books. The Toronto Ayrshire Herd Book was published in 1884 and the Montreal in 1886. In both these the requirements for eligibility were not very rigid, and animals were sometimes recorded that were grades, but in 1899 the two registers were consolidated and revised, claiming to reject all that could not trace to importation from Scotland, but they still record stock tracing to indefinite cows and bulls, being probably pure bred Ayr- shires, but by reason of carelessness of the breeders in not keeping records, the identity of the individual ances- try is lost, and there is a doubt as to which of several ancestors is the proper one. The Ayrshire cow in general is a handsome, sprightly looking cow, of medium size, red and white — the pro- portion of red to the white being very variable, some- times being nearly all red and sometimes nearly all white. White is easily obtained, due, no doubt, to her having descended from the white cattle of ancient Scotland. The Scotch breeders seem to prefer white, and the Canada breeders also choose Ayrshires largely white. Brown is sometimes found, and light red appears occasionally. 8o / Yellow color and roan suggest a cross of the Guern- sey and Shorthorn and are objectionable on this account. While variations in color of any breed are largely a matter of taste, still each breed has a distinctive color pecuHar to itself, and any variation from that color which is a suggestion of a cross from some other breed should not be encouraged, and it is certainly not pleas- ant for a breeder to be obliged to explain that although his cattle resemble some other breed they are really pure bred Ayrshires. The Ayrshire has a small bony head, large full eyes, dish face, broad muzzle, large mouth, slim, upright horns. The typical horn of an Ayrshire bull is wide spread and inclining upward, the size being a matter of local taste, either fine or coarse. The Scotch and Canadians seeming to prefer a larger horn than the breeders of the States, long, slim neck, clean cut at throat, thin, sloping shoul- ders with the spine rising a little above the shoulder blades, back level to setting on of tail, except a rise at the pelvic arch, broad across the loin, barrel deep and large, with ribs well sprung to give abundant room for coarse fodder, and wide through the region of the heart and lungs. Hips wide apart, rump long, hind legs straight, thighs thin and incurving, giving room for udder, legs short, bones firm and joints firm, udder large when full and nearly level with belly ; wide, long and strongly hung teats two and one-half to three and one-half inches long, of good size, placed wide apart on the four corners of the udder, with udder level be- tween them and not cut up; milk veins large and tor- tuous, entering the belly well forward toward the fore legs. Skin soft and mellow, covered with a thick growth of fine hair. 8i While an Ayrshire cow should be shapely and hand- some to look at as she stands or walks, she should, when handled, reveal much looseness of vertebra, flatness of rib and width between the ribs, indicating large dairy capacity. The standard Ayrshire cow is of medium size, weigh- ing about i,ooo pounds when fresh in milk, a tough, hardy cow with vigorous appetite and not too particular what she eats. She is always hungry, eats greedily and chews her cud rapidly. It is rarely you can see an Ayrshire cow when not either taking in food or chewing what she has already gathered. While at pasture she does not wander around looking for sweet patches of grass, but goes to work rapidly gathering what is most convenient either of grass or browse, and when full lies down to chew her cud with no time wasted, and when going to and from the pasture will cfiew her cud as she walks, and I have often seen her keep on chewing when started into a run. The general appearance of an Ayrshire as you look at her is striking, being alert and full of life and reserved energy, and in breeding care should be taken to encour- age a quiet disposition. The Ayrshire seems to be to the cattle what the Mor- gan is to the horse, and at once impresses the beholder with the idea of a large amount of reserved force. She is a very healthy cow, rarely having ailments of body or udder, and you seldom see an Ayrshire cow but that has four healthy quarters and gives milk out of them of uniform quality. She is a very persistent milker, giving a uniform quantity well up towards calving, and many of them will not dry off unless extra care is taken to make them. She is very intelligent, quick to learn, and of a 6 82 retentive memory. Easily taught to take the same place in the stable, and if her place is changed will in a few days take her new place of her own accord. She is quiet and pleasant to milk, not easily dis- turbed, and yields her milk as readily to one milker as to another, and does not seem disturbed by any amount of noise in the stable. As a dairy cow she is particularly adapted to the pro- duction of milk for the milkman and table use, as her medium size, vigorous appetite and easy keeping quali- ties make her an economical producer, while her even, uniform production makes her a reliable supply, and the richness of her milk in total solids places her milk above suspicion from city milk inspectors. Her milk will bear unusual transportation and handling without souring, and when poured back and forth a few times from one can to another will remix the cream and milk, which will not again readily separate, giving it a uniformity in quality until the last is sold or used. It has a good body and is rich looking, never looking blue. The milk itself being evenly balanced with casein and butter fat is a complete food, easily digested, nutri- tious and is particularly adapted to children and in- valids. Stomachs that are weak and unable to digest other milk find no trouble with Ayrshire cow's milk. The Ayrshire being so superior for the milkman has usually found her way to the supply stable, and has not been used to any great extent as a butter cow, but she is above the average as a butter producer, and especially when the extra milk she gives is taken into account. Her cream rises slowly and needs to be extracted with a separator, but it skims as closely and churns as 83 easily as any other, and cow for cow, taking all her other qualities into consideration, she will compare favorably with any of the so-called butter breeds in the amount of dollars she will return to her owner when kept as a butter cow. The Association has of late been testing her butter qualities, the results of which will be given further along. The Ayrshire cow has always been noted as a cheese cow, both for the superiority of the quality of her cheese and for its large quantity. While she has never laid any claims to being a beef cow, the butchers are always glad to get hold of an Ayr- shire, because they cut tip well and are heavy in the best paying parts. Heavy hind quarters, small bones, thick loins, meat nicely flecked with tallow, and of good color. Mr. F. S. Fulmer, of Gibbon, Nebraska^ in a paper on " The Ayrshire Cow," read before the Nebraska Dairy- man's Association, said : " The fattening quality of Ayrshire grades is reported by Mr. J. A. Paterson of this State. He says : ' I am wintering on my farm seventy steers coming two years old. Among them are high grade Shorthorns. They will average 950 pounds, but are thin in flesh. High grade Ayrshires that will average fully 900 and are fat enough for good beef. Polled Angus or Galloways, about the size of the Ayrshire steers, are fat. Also a few Jersey steers that will average about 600 pounds and are poor. They are all fed together at stacks, and about ten pounds of corn per day each.' Mr. P. adds : ' This feeding, I think, is a fair test, and proves beyond a doubt that for common purpose cattle that will receive the care of. the average western farmer the Ayrshire or Polled Angus are by far the best.' " 84 An Ayrshire will always weigh more than its looks would indicate. As a top cross on other breeds the Ayrshire seems to be a success in producing a more desirable dairy cow. With the Shorthorn they nick nicely, producing a fairly good dairy cow, in size between the two, and a handsome, at- tractive cow that sells well in the markets. With the Jersey they seem to make up what is lacking in the Jersey, and give a good all-round dairy cow, larger and hardier than the pure bred Jersey, giving more milk and of nearly as rich quality, and are said to be more profitable in the dairy than the pure bred Jersey. Ayr- shire bulls have for several years been eagerly sought for to cross on unregistered or high grade Jerseys in the common dairy. It is a noticeable fact that where Ayrshire bulls have been continuously used on common cows and the heifers raised for the dairy, the average receipts in dollars from such a herd have been considerable in excess of common dairies, so much so that in dairy sections where the milk or cream goes to the butter factory, there is an active demand for pure bred Ayrshire bulls to cross on native herds of cows. OFFICIAL YIELDS OF BUTTER for one month of sixty pounds or over from Home Dairy Test : Clarissa of Woodroffe 20579 60 Princess Beatrice 2d 16533 60 CoUinwood 11404 60 Himona 13032 60 Little Douglas 12766 60 Molly Fryer 16051 60 Ivan 14538 61 Queen of Barclay 15096 61 Cad's Beauty 13606 61 Eyrie 12602 61 Yucca 11470 61 Acelista 12094 61 Countess of Montwood 11435 62 Miss Olga 13984 62 Durline 13473 62 Delia of Woodview 16698 63 Miss OUie 3d 14887 T 63 lola Lome 12773 63 Maggie of Radnor 17013 64 Miss Fleda Douglas 12770 64 Durwood 12680 64 Mayflower of Monkland 15090 64 Rena Ross 14539 66 Flora 4th of Bonshaw 15578 66 Becky of Holehouse 17015 67 Keepsake 15913 '. 69 Rose Clenna 11153 72 Banjo Music 13527 72 Finlayston Maggie 3d 19217 78 Miss OUie 12039 90 Cad's Beauty 13606 97 Official Tests of cows in Experiment Stations and the Home Dairy Test that have given 6,ooo pounds of milk and 300 pounds of butter or over in a year: 86 Association Tests made before the Home Dairy Test was started. Name Ruth Queen Mary Myra Alice Douglas 4398 Lbs. milk No. 1 year 4816 10,219i 6578 11,154 2955 11,908 12,617 Official Seven-Day Records Name No. Acelista 12094 Mayflower of Monkland . . . 15090 Clarissa of Woodroffe 20579 Annie Bert 9670 Delia of Woodview 16698 RenaRoss.. 14539 Becky of Holehouse 17015 Keepsake 15913 Ouija 11882 Ladv Marcia 11111 Nett3d 12647 Finlayston Maggie 3d 19217 MissOUie 12039 Lukolela 12357 P. C. Total s. milk P. C. fat solids Butter 301 3.5 12.16 14 301 4.1 13.55 14 311 4. 14 356 3.5 11.76 15 231 5.2 15 301 4.25 13.48 15 336 3.80 12.69 15 357 3.70 12.32 15 378 3.50 11.95 15 381 3.30 12.00 15 371 3.80 13.22 16 315 4.80 14.39 17 364 4.20 13.53 18 428 3.80 12.40 19 Experiment Station Tests Name No. NancvB 9581 Atala'nta 10777 Stiletto 16701 Atalanta 10777 Atalanta 10777 Nett 10169 Acme 5th 10342 Lolita 9465 Nancy B 9581 Acme 5th 10342 Acme 5th 10342 Nett 10169 Nancy B 9581 PoUy'of Mauchline 12299 Rena Myrtle 9530 Rena Myrtle 9530 P. C. Total Lbs. milk P. C. fat solids Butter 6,068 4.06 13.08 287 6,639 3.85 12.62 298 6,707 3.80 307 7,155 3.76 12.59 314 7,312 3.69 12 44 315 6,923 4.05 13.06 327 7,588 3.84 12.44 340 8,055 3.90 345 7,831 3.90 12.88 356 8,092 4.05 12.94 382 8,183 4.04 12.90 386 8,437 3.99 12.99 393 8,782 4.06 13.04 416 9,321 3.90 425 11,417 3.78 12.40 503 12,172 546 87 Home Dairy Test, 1901-2 Name No. lona S 12350 Sadie Tascott 11483 Kitty Ozra 12086 Rose Veritas 12076 Roxy Ayer 13995 Ouija 11882 Aunt Abby 13220 lolaLorne 12773 Gladiola 12352 Olah 11471 Rose Erica 12775 Rose Carentine 13655 Printsteps 8th 12643 Nonpareil's Myra . . ; 14707 Annie Bert 9670 Roma 14197 Biona 12351 Miss Olga 13984 Cad's Victorine 14695 Rose Driimmond 10173 KatyDid 15242 Linda Douglas 13388 Oke Mar 13307 Collinwood 11404 Rose Clenna 11153 Gebec 13981 Yucca 11470 Banjo Music 13527 Lukolela 12357 Xoa 11469 Roanette 11476 Pearl Clyde 13991 Lilly Ayer 13994 Ponemah 13983 Bell Nixon 14705 Acelista 12094 Himona 13032 Cad's Beauty 13606 Durwood 12680 Miss OUie 12039 P. C. Total Lbs. milk P. C. fat solids Butter 6,163 4.16 12.38 301 7 663 3.48 12.45 309 6 850 4.06 13.46 309 6 924 3.94 12.95 314 6 771 4.39 317 7 510 3.75 11.96 318 6 910 4.01 13.43 318 7 301 3.89 13.00 319 7 741 3.66 12.10 322 8 180 3.53 11.88 329 8 853 3.29 12.03 330 8 016 3.63 12.69 330 7 405 3.78 12.78 332 8 178 3.76 12.46 335 8 313 3.57 11.39 337 7 676 4.04 341 8 631 3.54 11.69 343 7 078 4.18 13.41 345 6 967 4.29 13 51 345 9 029 3.36 11.84 346 6 679 4.65 351 7 965 3.82 12.86 351 7 858 4.13 12.90 362 8 215 3.83 12.43 364 7 884 4.12 13.06 366 7 875 4.11 12.27 373 8 502 3.80 12.26 376 7 955 4.12 12.36 380 9 299 3.60 11.71 384 9 090 3.69 12.05 387 8 638 3.90 13.00 387 8 286 4.19 396 8 477 4.23 409 7 651 4.61 13.30 416 9 383 3.85 12.27 421 9 906 3.77 12.48 421 8 765 4.33 12.84 439 8 702 4.27 12.67 446 10 701 4.05 15.07 506 9 924 4.73 13,93 514 Home Dairy Test, 1902-3 Name No. Lbs. milk P. C. fat Lula Avondale 15033 Countess of Montwood 11435 Nora of North Oaks 13859 Olah 11471 Curley Hebron 15430 Muriel Fox 15036 Oke Mar 13307 Rose Brodick. . . .' . 15029 RoseEilice 13685 Rose Deruth 10346 Little Douglas 12766 Rose Dolman 13688 Belle's Cherry 15263 Betty of Kilnford 14946 Rayn 12358 Lilly Ayer 13994 Nancy B 2d 11936 Creamer 15137 Yucca 11470 Yuba Lass 12353 Lizzie Muriel 15364 Rosy Ayer 13995 Miss Fleda Douglas 12770 Gebic 13981 Countess of North Oaks.. . . 15113 Lady Watson 12644 Aunt Abby 13220 Xoa 11469 Biona 12351 Eyrie 12602 Lady Sears 12641 Durline 13473 Lady Monmouth 16699 KatyDid 15242 Printsteps 8th 12643 Pearl Clyde 13991 Roma 14197 Canary 13470 Miss011ie3d 14887 Inez Douglas 14554 lolaLorne 12773 Ponemah 13983 Acelista 12094 Mysie of Barcheskie 14952 Kalley 12660 Floe 16700 MissOlga 13984 MissOUie 12039 Maurine 13422 122 179 910 484 741 685 526 117 021 713 178 409 913 692 653 910 951 241 842 124 583 098 758 471 991 008 462 008 886 103 209 965 453 299 786 824 371 723 555 663 737 576 289 228 190 086 762 408 839 4.31 4.02 4.40 3.63 4.00 4.05 4.08 3.87 3.90 3.46 3.38 3.65 3.60 4.20 3.61 4.10 3.40 4.37 4.08 3.14 3.83 4.20 3.70 3.88 3.70 3.70 3.95 3.72 3.65 4.16 3.24 3.78 4.20 4.20 3.66 4.10 3.87 4.15 4.56 4.34 3.90 4.58 3.70 3.80 3.70 4.30 4.44 4.40 4.90 P. C. Total solids Butter 13.32 300 300 305 306 13.18 306 13.23 308 309 12.80 311 13.01 311 12.14 312 11.51 312 12.68 313 12.96 314 315 320 325 12.31 325 326 326 327 12.85 335 336 12.74 336 336 338 12.73 340 13.16 340 342 342 343 12.17 345 350 358 356 12.57 360 364 368 371 14.03 374 14.16 386 12.75 388 390 12.31 392 393 12.47 395 395 397 13.59 425 433 89 Home Dairy Test, 1903-4 Name No. P. C. Total Lbs. milk solids Katv Did 15242 Muriel Fox 15036 May's Last 15877 Yucca 11470 Xoa 11469 Lukolela 12357 Pearl Clyde 13991 Olo 15136 MissOIga 13984 Creamer 15137 Mysie of Barcheskie 14952 lolaLorne 12773 Felicia of Woodview 17431 Myriel Mar 12917 Floe 16700 Lulu Avondale 15033 Countess of North Oaks 15113 Hazel Newcomb 12593 Floy Corslet 15023 Rosy Ayer 13995 Ruby Douglas 16672 Canary 13470 Belle's Cherry 15263 Nora of North Oaks 13859 Ponemah 13983 Roma 14197 Petrina of Woodview 17430 Durline 13473 Acelista 12094 Inez Douglas 14554 ,971 ,241 13.12 ,535 12.51 ,415 ,694 ,575 ,939 ,246 ,896 ,590 313 '824 12.58 ,048 ,318 ,111 ,798 13.11 ,592 ,777 ,376 13.21 ,949 ,946 ,740 ,182 ,189 ,668 ,073 ,622 ,478 ,277 12.00 ,942 P. C. fat Butter 303 3.80 309 3.51 312 313 313 3.57 317 317 3.32 318 3 . 99 322 4.25 323 3 . 90 323 3 . 85 325 4.33 326 3.90 330 4 . 65 336 4 . 30 340 3.40 350 3 . 90 354 3 . 90 360 4.31 372 375 3.40 376 4 . 20 386 4.20 396 4.36 396 3.83 397 4.60 398 3.80 414 3.45 455 4.80 479 Home Dairy Test, 1904-5 p. C. Total Name No. Lbs. milk solids P. C. fat Muriel Fox 15036 6,704 13.09 3.89 Kalley '..... 12660 7,738 12.07 3. Laura Kilbowie 15465 6,779 12.87 3. Ruby Douglas 16672 5,809 13.70 4. Rose Foxglove 15038 6,996 13.01 4. Oke Mar 13307 7, 133 3 , Lukolela 12357 7,721 3.66 MissOUie 12039 7,490 13.37 4.18 Pearl Douglas 17453 7,206 13.44 4.00 Rose Clockston 15026 8 , 365 12 . 22 3 . 49 Uarda 15135 8,228 . 3.53 Pride of Burlington 11932 7 , 873 12 . 72 3 . 65 MissOUie 3d 14887 6,961 14.92 4.61 30 90 60 04 76 Butter 303 304 304 308 311 318 323 324. 332 334 335 335 342 90 p. C. Total Name No. Lbs. milk solids P. C. fat Butter May's Last 15877 8,412 12.42 3.46 346 France 14011 7,846 13.12 4.10 363 DorrisY.. 16351 7,807 13.05 4.10 365 Miss Mabel D 15874 8,499 13.14 3.91 366 Ruby Russell 15564 8,643 12.34 3.70 382 Xoa 11469 9,804 3.42 386 LuluAvondale 15033 8,326 12.84 4.06 392 lolaLorne.. 12773 9,674 12.44 3.72 394 Biona 12351 10,012 3.50 394 Ponemah 13983 8,077 4.35 407 Ayrlynn Queen 16540 9,355 13.45 3.80 407 Polly of Mauchline 12294 9,321 3.90 425 Ivan 2d 17254 8,174 13.84 4.60 430 Eugenie Douglas 17452 9,587 13.00 4.05 443 MissOlga.. 13984 10,192 3.92 451 Molly Fryer 16051 9,741 12.66 4.00 453 Ivan 14538 9,975 13.35 4.26 463 Acelista 12094 11,856 12.12 3.54 489 ADVANCED REGISTRY Official Test in the Two- Year-Old Form No. Rose Ascott 15035 Rose Clockston 15026 Ladv Wonder 4th 18043 Florine Corslet 17512 Rose Crashaw 1 7507 Miss Kilbowie 17505 •Rose Foxglove 15038 Ruby Douglas 16672 Dolly Fryer 2d 17094 Lulu Avondale 15033 Muriel Fox 15036 Rose Brodick 15029 Rose Dolman 13688 Sibyl Corslet 18256 Pearl Doudas :. 17453 Felicia of Woodview 17431 KatyDid 15242 Lizzie MurieL 15364 Buttercup of Rosemont 17900 Clotilde of Rosemont 17893 Petrina of Woodview 17430 Floe 16700 Letta Lind of Radnor 17892 Lbs. Lbs. milk butter 5,621 242 6,135 244 5,600 245 5,504 248 5,995 269 6,751 275 6,128 283 6,321 294 6,485 299 6,122 300 6,685 3C8 7,117 311 7,409 313 7,170 317 6,598 317 7,047 326 6,760 327 7,583 335 7,584 356 8,548 376 7,766 402 8,201 403 8,602 435 91 Official Test in the Three- Year-Old Form No. Stilletto 16701 Doris G 16351 Belle's Cherry 15263 Eugenie Douglas 17452 Official Test in the Four- Year-Old Form No. Lulu Avondale 15033 Ivan 2d 17254 Official Yields of Mature No. Yucca 11470 Lukolela 12357 Xoa 11469 Roanette 11476 lola Lome 12773 Mysie of Barcheskie 14952 Durline 13473 Nancy B 9581 Belle Nixon 14705 Acelista 12094 Polly of Mauchline 12294 Atalanta 10777 Himona 13032 Miss Olga -. 13984 MoUy Fryer 16051 Ivan 14538 Acelista 12094 Lbs. milk 6,707 Lbs. butter 307 7,807 365 8,871 421 9,587 443 LD Form Lb?, milk Lbs. butter 8,326 392 8,174 430 OWS Lbs. milk Lbs. butter 8,502 377 9,299 384 9,090 387 8,638 387 8,806 391 9,228 393 9,317 403 8,782 416 9,383 421 9,906 421 9,321 425 9,740 429 8,765 439 10,200 451 9,741 453 9,975 463 11,856 489 OFFICIAL SCOTCH AND AMERICAN TESTS OF AYRSHIRE COWS igoi. It has always been claimed by the Scotch breeders of Ayrshires that it was necessary to return to the old coun- try for fresh blood every now and then in order to keep up the standard of the Ayrshire cow in her highest per- fection in form and dairy quality, which theory has been believed by our Canadian friends, but not by the breeders of Ayrshires in the States. 92 It has seemed to us that we had produced a type of Ayrshire cows that held in form the original type, and had' added to that a more practical addition in increased length of teat and dairy ability, notwithstanding the changed conditions of the climate of the States. It has always been conceded that the climate of Ayr- shire was moister, with a greater rainfall than is found in the United States, being thereby more suited to grazing, and that the same cows gave a less quantity of milk on this side of the ocean than in their native home. This being the case, it is not to be expected that with the same cows the breeders can hope to compete in yields of Ayr- shire cows at the pail with the Scotch breeder, and in order to obtain an equal amount the breeder of the States must produce a cow of increased natural ability. It is not often we can obtain comparative yields that are both authenticated and made on so similar plans as to be of value in comparison, but this year we are favored with just this in the official report of the Scotch Derby for 1901, and the Home Dairy Test in the United States for 1901. The Scotch Derby is a competition in the County of Ayr in Scotland that is entered into by the Ayrshire breeders with great strife, because it is a hard contest both on outward shape and dairy ability. A cow is en- tered for the Derby and shown in the ring. Later, after she has calved and in her best form for a twenty-four hour milking trial, a committee is sent to the home of the cow without notice to the owner, and she is milked clean and the milk for the next twenty-four hours is weighed and tested for butter-fat and total solids, and the award made from her product in connection with her ring ex- amination, which is substantially the same as the Home Dairy Test of the Ayrshire Breeders' Association as far as the dairy side of the contest is concerned. A com- parison of the two made in 1901 should be a very good 93 index of the performance at the pail of the Scotch and States Ayrshires in the quiet of their own home, though in making the comparison, due allowance should be given to the natural advantage the Scotch cow has over her cousin in the States, on account of the better grazing con- ditions in Scotland. For a more complete and uniform comparison I have copied the whole number of the test of the mature cows in Scotland and have omitted their report of award made by a scale of points, including the ring award, and have confined myself to the dairy award simply, and to further compare the two I have figured the butter yield of the Scotch cows on the same method as the Experiment Sta- tion figured the butter yield of the States cows, thus making the two uniform and official. Scotch Derby Test. p. C. Total Lbs. Owner. Age. Lbs. milk P. C. fat. solids. butter. William Winter 6 60 3.80 12.22 2.66 James Little John 8 46.5 4.57 13.62 2.48 James Little John 6 53 3.87 12.67 2.39 William Winter 4 51.50 3.77 12.67 2.27 W.C.Alexander 8 52.75 3.82 12.49 2.35 David Gray 6 44.75 3.72 13.59 1.94 W.C.Alexander 4 46.50 3.07 11.62 1.67 Johns. Hunter 4 52 2.95 12.00 1.79 Average 50.87 2.19 United States Home Dairy Test. p. C. total Lbs. Owner. Age. Lbs. milk. P. C. fat. solids. butter. Etna J. Fletcher 6 47.61 5.80 12.48 3.20 L.S.Drew 7 54.96 4.70 13.96 3.01 C. M. Winslow & Son 8 39.36 5.20 14.00 2.39 Etna J. Fletcher 6 42.68 4.80 12.76 2.39 Etna J. Fletcher 8 42.80 4.40 13.01 2.26 Etna J. Fletcher 7 37.90 4.50 13.33 1.99 Etna J. Fletcher 10 42.30 3.90 12.34 1.92 L. C. Spaulding & Son 8 39.03 4.20 13.05 1.91 Average... 43.33 2.38 The average of the above tests shows the Ayrshire cow in Scotland to give more milk in a day, while the Ayr- shires in the States give more butter. OFFICIAL SCOTCH AND AMERICAN TESTS OF AYRSHIRE COWS 1902. I have recently received the report of the official milk- ing tests of Ayrshire cows in Scotland for the year 1902, and have selected the five giving the highest record for butter, also the five giving the highest record in the Home Dairy Test in the States for the year 1902, a comparison of which is of interest, all being official and supposed to be among the best of the breed in either country. The natural conditions in Scotland are more favorable for a large dairy yield from the same cows than in America on account of the more uniform moisture in Scotland and its consequent succulence of pasturage. The record in both countries shows a good degree of uni- formity and a good class of dairy cows. As the names of the individual cows in Scotland were not given, but their owners instead, I have adopted a uni- form method. The report is for two consecutive milkings. Scotch. Owners. Lbs. milk. William Winter 60 James Littlejohn 52 W. C. Alexander 30 W. C. Alexander 45 A. Gemmil 46 Average 46 American. Owners. Lbs. milk. C. M. Winslow & Son. . . .-. 51 L. S. Drew 42 Howard Cook 46 Geo. H. Yeaton 42 W. V. Probasco 47 Average 45 Per cent. Lbs. butter fat. butter. 3.87 2.73 3.50 2.11 5.92 2.05 4.47 2.03 3.30 1.76 2.13 Per cent. Lbs butter fat. butter. 3.80 2.26 4.60 2.25 4.00 2.14 4.50 2.10 3.80 2.08 2.16 95 The following official test, made at Brantford, Ont., between an equal number of Ayrshire and Jersey cows, is a good illustration of the food value of the Ayrshire milk as compared with the Jersey. Notice that while the Jersey is higher than the Ayrshire in butter-fat it is lower in solids not fat, also in total sohds, so that while the Jersey would give a thicker cream or make more butter, it is not as rich in casein, and not as nutritious as a food. It is a settled fact that fat has no nutritive value, also that milk containing an excess of fat is more indigestible and causes serious disorders in the digestive organs of chil- dren and young calves : Lbs. solids Total Breeds. not fat. Lbs. fat. solids. 4 Ayrshires 21,608 8,847 30,455 4Jersevs 19,725 10,680 30,405 AYRSHIRE CATTLE. Although the great riches of Kansas make it unneces- sary for the farmers to greatly concern themselves with the dairy industry, the past few years have seen a won- derful growth in this great occupation, and the balmy air and rich pastures make this one of the most profitable employments. Our climate is usually good, yet we have extremes of heat and cold, which tax the energy and vitality of the dairy breeds of cattle. It is in this con- nection that we wish to say a good word for the Ayrshire breed of cattle, which, though not very common within the borders of our State, possess many of the very essen- tials which should make them winners with those who follow the dairy industry. Having originated in a northern country and bred largely where there are ex- tremely cold winters, and oftentimes poor pastures, they 96 must be wonderfully well adapted to withstand our occa- sional severe winters, and the drouth that sometimes frequents our border. Possessing the dairy type to marked degree and having made good records at the pail, along with their other qualifications, should make them eagerly sought for. Their distribution is not very extensive and their worth seems to be underrated or not known. Their com- parative gentleness and still active qualities speak well for their qualification to make a first-class animal for Kansas conditions. The history of the breed is involved in much obscurity, and it cannot be stated definitely just what the facts are. They originated in Scotland in the county of Ayr, and some of the breeds that have probably helped to build them up are : Holderness, Dutch, Alderney, Kerry and West Highland. These have probably all been bred into the native cattle of the country, and have finally resulted in the outgrowth of the present beautiful animal. Their history dates back about 150 years, yet there are no indi- viduals who stand out prominently as improvers of the breed, but they have made a gradual march forward, owing probably to the condition of the soil and climate in the region in which they were raised. In the first part of the last century considerable interest was mani- fested in the breed and they were extensively improved in the general dairy form by securing the wedge shape and developing the hind quarters. At this time the udder was brought to its well-balanced and symmetrical pro- portions. Their mixed ancestry is very readily seen, and they bear marks of the Shorthorn and Holstein, as well as those previously mentioned. There have been a large number of atavic transmissions in the breed which helps prove that the ancestry is rather peculiarly mixed. The Gladys Drummond. 11800. The Twins. Lord Watson. 7276. YOLANDA. 17223. 97 county of Ayr is still their principal home, and, although they are largely distributed in other parts, here they exist in the greatest number for the land they occupy. They may be found in quite large numbers in Finland, Norway and Sweden, where they have met with great favor. New Zealand and Japan also have a number of these cattle, and they give very general satisfaction. They have been quite extensively imported into this country and Canada, especially the latter, where their great hardihood shows them up to the best possible ad- vantage. The general tendency is to keep them in north- ern latitudes instead of going farther south with them, and they seem to be distinctly fitted for the severities of a cold climate. In Canada they are most numerously distributed in Ontario and Quebec, while in the United States they are to be quite extensively found in New York, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire and other eastern States, there being only a few, comparatively speaking, west of the Mississippi river, Iowa probably leading. The Ayrshire seem to be the hardiest of any dairy breed imported into this country, and would compare favorably, in their resistance to adverse circumstances, with the common grade and scrub cattle, and still do much better at the pail. They are very active, rnoving about with great ease and do well where the lands are broken and much traveling must be done to secure food, but they also do equally well, comparatively, when they are put on good, rich pastures and well cared and pro- vided for in the storms of winter. There is one objection to them in a district like Kan- sas where dairying is not a strict industry, and that is their relatively small size, though an effort is being made to breed them up to a larger size. The average weight at maturity is now likely about i,ioo pounds. 7 98 In spite of their small size they are good milkers. They have, however, made no phenomenal records, but in average milk production they stand exceedingly high. The milk is good for butter and cheese and is also good for calf rearing, and is now recognized as a splendid food for children and is growing in favor along that line. They mature at an average age, not early. The heifers come into milk at about thirty months, and as in-and-in breeding has not been practiced they are productive to an old age. Their grazing qualities are very marked and they are admirably suited to pasture where much traveling must be done. The only thing to be said about their feeding qualities is that the calves are good for meat production from the age of nine to eighteen months. In using the Ayrshire bull for the ordinary farm in Kansas where the cows are good sized grades we shall get a splendid animal, and with fine dairy qualities, but the condition on which the Ayrshire is noted would prob- ably produce the most remarkable results. The breeding qualities of the Ayrshire are above re- proach. There has been little in-and-in breeding, very little pampering in general, and they have been allowed the open so much that their breeding qualities stand out as a point in their favor. They are a little inclined to be somewhat shy, but this can mostly be overcome by careful treatment. It would seem that a breed so pre-eminently fitted for adverse con- ditions would soon come to the front, and it seems likely they will continue to grow in favor until they make up a large percentage of our dairy cattle. They are bright, sprightly looking animals and are very handsome cattle, being usually red or brown and white spotted. 99 Their distribution throughout Kansas is as yet very limited, but there are a few good representatives of the breed in the State. The Ayrshire cattle are not ideal by any means, but they are about as near it as any other breed in their line, and their wonderful constitution and ability to withstand the severities of a rigorous winter adapt them to our con- ditions, at least in the western part of Kansas. The purchasing of good Ayrshire cattle cannot but be a safe investment. HAROLD T. NIELSON. BREEDS OF DAIRY CATTLE. By Henry E. Alvord. Ayrshires. Origin and History. The county of Ayrshire, in the southeast part of Scot- land, stretches for eighty miles along the lower portion of the river Clyde and Irish Sea. The surface is undu- lating in large part, with moory hills, much woodland and a climate moist and rather windy, although not severe. If is a region of moderate fertility, with natural pastur- age so distributed that grazing animals must travel long distances in a day to satisfy their hunger. In this country Ayrshire cattle were brought into their present fixed form. The breed is among the youngest of well-established type. Careful writers of a little more than a hundred years ago failed even to mention this breed, and the cattle of Ayrshire described in 1825 bear little resemblance to the present stock of the country, and must have been only a foundation race, small, unshapely and generally black with white markings. lOO The Ayrshire breed has been built up within the nine- teenth century by the liberal use of blood from the cattle of England, Holland and the Channel Islands. The exact facts and methods are unknown, but the result tes- tifies to the good judgment in selection and breeding of those who carried on the work. The Ayrshire of the present day, which is found best developed in Cunning- ham, the upper and most fertile of the three divisions of the county, bears strong resemblance to the Jersey in certain features; and in form, color and horn it resem- bles the wild white cattle of Chillingham Park. Many people believe the cattle to be direct and but slightly varied descendants of the original wild cattle of Great Britain. There is a well-defined tendency in the im- proved Ayrshire to become lighter in color, many being almost white. This is additional evidence of a strong infusion of the blood last mentioned at some period in the history of the breed. The first Ayrshires in America were brought to New York in 1822. They were imported into New England in 1830 and into Canada in 1837. In 1837 there was quite a large herd in Massachusetts and several importa- tions were made prior to 1845.- From that time until 1875 there were more or less importations yearly, but there have since been less. This breed has been a special favorite for dairy purposes in Canada and highly es- teemed in the New England States and parts of New York. Elsewhere in this country these cattle do not seem to do so well as their established merits deserve. Characteristics. Unless it be the little Irish Kerry, there is no cow which excels the Ayrshire in obtaining subsistence and doing well on a wide range of scanty pasture or in thriving and giving a dairy profit upon the coarsest forage. lOI " The natural hardihood of constitution renders these cattle admirably adapted to grazing on broken and rugged pastures and in sterner weather than would be conducive to the well-being of cows of some other breed." The end sought in perfecting the breed has been a large yield of milk without extravagance of food. It is a character- istic of the Ayrshire that she carries her weight only, and lives only to serve dairy interests with the utmost economy in the utilization of food. Yet, like all other good dairy cattle, the Ayrshire responds promptly and profitably to liberal feeding. The Scotch have a saying, taught by experience, that " the cow gives her milk by the mou." Ayrshires are of medium size among dairy cattle. The bulls attain a weight of 1,400 to' 1,800 pounds at maturity, sometimes being larger. The cows weigh 900 to 1,000 pounds, averaging prob- ably 1,000 pounds in a well-maintained herd. They are short-legged, fine-boned and very active. The general form is of the wedge shape, regarded as typical of cows of dairy excellence; and this shape is not from any weakness forward, but rather because of uncommon de- velopment of strength of body and hind quarters. Good specimens of the breed, when in milk, do not carry a pound of extra flesh. The face is usually rather long and straight, but clean and fine, with a full growth of horn curving outward, then inward, and turning well up, with tips inclined backward. The general appear- ance of the horns is upright and bold, while usually sym- metrical and often quite graceful. A black muzzle is the rule, although white seems to be allowable. The eye is peculiarly bright, with a quick movement, indi- cating extreme watchfulness. The prevailing color of the body is red and white, variously proportioned ; in spots not mixed. Probably three-fourths of all the I02 breed can thus be described as to color. A generation ago the dark markings predominated, but there is now a drift toward more white. The red is sometimes bright, but often of a rich, shiny brown, Hke the shell of a horse chestnut, and the coat of a thrifty Ayrshire is equally bright and shining. Sometimes the color is a dull brown, and occasionally a brindle appears. Nearly all good ani- mals of this breed have broad, flat, well-arched ribs, giving room for capacious digestive apparatus. Doctor Sturtevant thus describes the milking parts of the Ayrshire cow : " The udder has been the point toward which the search after quality has been directed by the careful Scotchman for a long period of time. Although it differs in outward shape in individuals, it yet retains a certain uniformity which may be considered typical. This is in the gland and the teat. The glands are rather flattened than pointed or elongated, as in other breeds. These are well held up to the body, and in the types of the breed extend far forward and back, with a broad and level sole. The teats are small and of a cylindrical shape rather than cone-shaped, as seen in other cows. The ud- der is admirably fitted by its elasticity for the storage of milk, and when at rest occupies but little space. The eye accustomed to seeing pendant, fleshy udders so often met with in dairy animals is apt to underrate, in com- parison, the capacity, so deceptive to the unskilled, but so full of promise to the educated observer." At the proper time these wrinkles smooth out, the folds expand, and the filled udder of the Ayrshire has come to be regarded as a model in shape for all dairy breeds. The teats are, however, often too small for comfortable milking, but careful breeders have remedied this defect, and whole herds can be found with superb udders and teats of good size, though rarely large. I03 The Ayrshire is of a highly nervous temperament. The cow has a super-abundance of nerves and is willing to employ them upon instant demand in self-defense or self-support. The bulls, if properly handled, are not fractious, but the cows are rather inclined to be quarrel- some. They are always active and energetic, stop only for a purpose, move off with a brisk walk, and often trot without special provocation. Promptness is one of the characteristics of the breed. Although these cattle can lay no claim to being specially adapted to beef production, the calves are thrifty and full- fleshed and steers and dry cows fatten readily on suit- able feeding. Their carcasses are small^ but they always give an unexpectedly large percentage of dressed meat, and its quality is excellent, fine-grained and well marbled. Milk and Butter Records. The Ayrshire cow is a large and persistent milker. A yield of 5,500 pounds a year, as an average for a working herd in good hands, is depended upon and often realized. Records of eighteen well-managed herds, col- lected from different sections and averaging twelve cows each, show an annual average product of 5,412 pounds. One noted herd, averaging fourteen cows in milk, has an unbroken record for nineteen years with an average of 6,407 pounds a year to the cow. In the last year recorded nineteen cows averaged 6,956 pounds of milk. Four of the cows in this herd gave over 10,000 pounds in a year and over 12,000 pounds. Butter records are not numerous^ but in the herd last referred to the milk averaged 4^4 per cent, of fat for the last year and the cows averaged 353 pounds of butter each, ranging from 244 to 512 pounds. In previous years single cows in the herd made butter records of 504, 546, 572 and 606 pounds within twelve months. I04 Another Vermont herd has a detailed record for eight consecutive years. The average yearly milk yield of the cows three years old and over has been, in different years, from 6,003 to 6,440 pounds; every year single cows exceed 7,000 pounds and sometimes 8,000. The milk of this herd averages over four per cent, butter-fat, and the yearly herd record ranges from 306 to 319 pounds of butter per cow; single cows have butter records of over 400 pounds per year. The most interesting fact con- nected with this herd is the economy of the rations upon which these records have been made: In summer, pas- tures alone; in winter, to each cow, daily, one bushel of ensilage of matured field corn, an average of two quarts each of corn meal and wheat bran and plenty of good hay. The milk of the Ayrshire is not exceptionally rich, but somewhat above the average. Herd records show 35^ to 4 per cent, of butter-fat in the mixed milk throughout the year. The milk of this breed is very uniform in its physical character, the fat globules being small, even in size, and not free to separate from the milk. Cream rises slowly and has comparatively little color. The Ayrshire is therefore not a first-class butter cow, but its milk is admirably suited for town and city supply, being safely above legal standards, uniform, and capable of long journeys and rough handling without injury. A special reputation which this breed has enjoyed as superior cheese makers is not sustained by the facts. In the hands of capable makers Ayrshire milk will make little if any more cheese from a given weight than will the milk of other breeds. The uniform distribution of the fat is an advantage, and there is less liability to lose fat in converting this milk into cheese than in the case of richer milk with fat globules larger or irregular in size. I05 The breeders of Ayrshire cattle in America organized in the year 1863 and began the pubHcation of a herd book. The interests of the breed are now represented by the American Ayrshire Breeders' Association. SCOTCH COMMENTS ON MODERN AYR- SHIRE BREEDING. At the annual dinner in connection with a recent " agricultural show "' in Scotland, the principal speaker was a certain Professor Wright, and a synopsis of his remarks is published in one of the May issues of the Farming World, of Edinburgh, from which we copy as follows : "After-dinner speeches at agricultural shows cannot always be taken seriously, nor do they always furnish mental pabulum for future use, but there has been one delivered recently that will bear repetition, and will repay the most careful consideration. This was the speech delivered by Professor Wright, at the recent Kilbirnie cattle show. We pass over the jocular portion of it, and come to that part in which the professor discussed Ayr- shire cattle. He asked the pertinent question if agricul- tural societies had done all that they might for the benefit of agriculture. Their practice, he maintained, resolved itself in the majority of cases into the exhibition of live stock, and a means of gaining prizes, without regard to whether stock was improved or not. A few of the more prominent shows had added implements, which exhibi- tions were of great value; others had given dairying demonstrations, and encouraged ploughing matches; but taking all these extraneous benefits into consideration, he was not inclined to admit that agricultural societies had io6 done all they could to improve agriculture. Take the question of improvement of stock, to which most atten- tion is given. Take Ayrshire stock. He would like to know whether the breed had been improved within the last fifty years. If there had been any improvement, it was very slow, in his opinion. No one would contend that the breed was yet perfect. It was a splendid breed, and an honor to this part of the country, and admitted to be one of the best breeds in the world, but it was not even yet a breed fixed into a perfectly distinct type — not a finished and complete breed. Nor could it ever be so while it consisted of two distinct tribes — milk winners and yield winners. The shows had been the means of increasing the number of good animals ; they enabled comparison of stocks, they excited emulation and taught some by observation, but still the progress was too slow. Two suggestions he would make, by the adoption of which he thought they might be made a means of pro- moting the object for which agricultural societies were formed : First. That shows should be made more edu- cational in character — that judging ought to be accom- panied by demonstration and explanation. The judges ought to be able to assign, either in speech or writing, their reasons why particular animals should be placed in particular places. (Applause.) He was quite satisfied that the judges in the west of Scotland were quite able to give the reasons for their awards. It would be of immense advantage to young farmers, and a check on the judges themselves. (Applause.) Out of a hundred farmers who went into a show, he ventured to say that not more than ten would certainly be able to pick out the winners. That showed the need of affording a means of educating and teaching farmers and young men what are the points of live stock. It was done by implement sellers, and in dairying demonstrations, at which there I07 were generally crowds, and he held if live stock shows were conducted in the same way they would be of far greater educational interest. (Applause.) Second. That having heard reasons for judgments, the societies should meet occasionally for the purpose of revising and discussing the standards of judgment. For instance, if they were to improve the Ayrshire breed, or any other, it was necessary that they should understand what was wanted or aimed at. Was it the best show cow, the best milk cow, the best bodied cow, the best fattening cow, or the best vesselled cow. It was necessary to clear up these points in order that the judges themselves should be guided in a right direction, and in order to prevent what was a great misfortune in Ayrshire and other places — the judgments turning upon points of fashion, without reference to the points of utility. (Applause.) " The vicious fashion which prevailed at one time of passing over the best of Ayrshire cows which had not small teats, had done considerable damage to the repu- tation of the breed outside Scotland; but, generally speaking, this show point had now been abandoned in favor of points of more general utility. (Applause.) Other points he mentioned, not for the purpose of ex- pressing definite opinions, but of inviting consideration. As to horns, the 'Ayrshire Herd Book ' said ' the horns should be set wide on — inclining upwards.' Was there anything particularly essential or right, the professor asked, in that or was it merely a fashion, or was it a point of importance at all? Was there any need at all for horns on a milk cow? (Laughter.) He was quite certain that horns did not make beef. (Renewed laughter. ) " The next point he referred to was that of ' size.' The judges didn't always put at the top the largest or most valuable cow in the auction ring, and some people io8 objected and criticised them severely, and wanted what they called a good commercial cow. Was that right? He asked them to consider what was really the value of size in a cow. An Ayrshire was not kept for a fattening but a milk-producing cow. The biggest cow did not always give the most milk. Suppose they took two cows — one weighing eight hundred- weight and the other nine hundred-weight, equal milkers, the latter would cost twenty to thirty shillings more a year to feed, or, if kept for four years, from four to six pounds more, and they would get only from twenty to thirty-five shillings more for the nine hundred-weight animal, but they would really lose from three to five pounds on the larger animal. What he would regard as the ideal Ayrshire cow was a cow without horns that yielded the most milk of the best quality in proportion to her size and the number of years she had been in milk. (Applause.) In concluding. Professor Wright said he would not detain them longer with these heretical opinions, and he again congratulated the society for having these discussions." CANADIAN AYRSHIRES. Editor Hoard's Dairyman: I have been a subscriber of your paper for some years and am very well satisfied with it. I have noticed that you do not pay much attention to Ayrshire cattle. - I believe that if you saw some of our best Canadian Ayr- shires, you would think a good deal of them. They are not the red, down-horned, six teated, slab- sided kind, commonly seen in United States. They have not been inbred and overfed like the Jerseys for a thirty- five pound butter record, therefore their constitutions are best. The average test of milk is from four to six per cent. fat. Some of the best ones give as high as seventy pounds a day and are very persistent milkers. I09 Ayrshires cross very well with other breeds and I have noticed that in contests of dairy grades, Ayrshires have had three-fourths of the prizes. Again, I have never known a breeder to sell his Ayrshires and breed other dairy cattle. They are, as they are often called, " rent payers." A modern Ayrshire cow should be about as follows: A handsome head, broad between large bright eyes, upright horns, clean, straight neck ; fine withers, large heartgirth, well-sprung ribs^ a good barrel ; large, long milk veins and a long, broad udder, not too deep, with four evenly placed teats. I have seen some imported cows of this breed in Canada, which a good judge would have to look at a long time before he could find any faults with them. They are as prepotent and as good milkers as any, and the hardiest and handsomest of all. It is my honest belief that they are unequaled for this climate. There is a breed here called Canadian Cattle, which, I think, I should prefer next to Ayrshires. They have been well spoken of by high-class farm papers and while, not very numer- ous or well knowji, they have every appearance of being dairy cattle of a high order. Many of our exhibition societies have given them a chance as a regular breed. Canada. ' Breeder. AMERICAN VS. CANADIAN AYRSHIRES. Editor Hoard's Dairyman: I notice in your last week's issue an article on " Cana- dian Ayrshires," signed " Breeder," speaking in high terms of the Canadian Ayrshires and denouncing the Ayr- shire breed in the States on account of color, shape of horns, extra number of teats and style of build. no It is probably true that Ayrshire breeders in the States have bred and selected more with a view of building up a useful dairy breed than for a show-yard type, and it is true that you will often find Ayrshire cows with small curling horns and more red, perhaps, than a Canadian would like, and you often find two small teats on the udder back of four large long ones, to milk with. The Ayrshire, as she came to us from Scotland, was a wonderful cow in constitution and dairy ability, but her teats were so short that it was with difficulty she could be milked, and for that reason she dropped out of popular favor, and then importation stopped. But the owners of Ayrshire cows in New England and the Eastern States saw the foundation in her for a profit- able dairy cow, adapted to the food supply and climate of the Eastern and Northern States, if the teats could be lengthened and the cow made serviceable ; and to this end the breeders of Ayrshires in the States have for some thirty or forty years been steadily breeding and selecting, and the result of it all is^ that in the States we have an Ayrshire cow that will give as much or more milk than the old imported ones, and that also has teats long enough to get the milk rapidly and comfortably. She has also retained the strong constitution and feed- ing quality of the original cow, and to-day the Ayrshire cow of the States is a typical dairy cow. I have before me the report of a fair ground test, of five Ayrshire cows, at the New England Fair at Old Orchard, Me., last August, and the test of five Canada cows at the late dairy test at the Provincial Winter Fair in Canada. The Canada test being for two days and the States test for one day, I have doubled the result of the States test to place them on the same basis. The five Ayrshire cows at the New England Fair gave 39540 pounds milk, Ill 3-57 per cent, fat, making 16.47 pounds of butter, figured by the Experiment Station rule of one-sixth addition. The five Canada Ayrshire cows at the Winter Provin- cial Fair gave 316.29 pounds milk, 3.82 per cent, fat, making 14.09 pounds butter, figured as above. Brandon, Vt. C. M. Winslow. AYRSHIRE CATTLE. Dr. A. S. Alexander^ in Live Stock Report. While Ayrshires have not obtained any great foothold in America they are of great repute and profitable utility in their native mild and moist climate, which suits them best. We remember when they were largely cherry red and white in color, but in comparatively recent years the white has seemingly gained the ascendancy over the red, and the reason, we presume, is that some white bulls gained prominence in the show yards, became the fashion and unfortunately changed the original color of the breed. The improvement of the breed dates from 1750, is said to have become universal about the year 1870, and has attained steadily until to-day the breed has attained high perfection. An authentic report published in 1878, says: " The modern Ayrshire cow has well defined charac- teristics, which are unmistakable by the observer when once understood. The horns are small, wide apart at the base, have an upward inclination, and graceful curve inwards. The head is small, the neck long and fine where it joins the head, but gradually thickening to where it is set upon the shoulders. The forequarters in general are thin, the body developing gradually toward the hinder parts. The color is brown, mixed more or less with red, the markings being clearly defined ; while the skin is soft, 112 and pleasingly elastic to the touch. The thighs are deep and broad, and the legs short. The udder is large without being curhbersome. Indeed, the general contour of the Ayrshire betokens milking capacities of no mean order. There is little coarseness about the true breed, most of the points being what connoisseurs call good." The Ayrshire breeders are a particular people and do everything possible to keep and improve the chief quali- ties of their favorite breed. They are, if anything, too conservative, for, while paying remarkable attention to the quality and character of the horns of their cattle, they have failed to breed out the breed peculiarity of extremely small teats. It is necessary to " strip " most Ayrshire cows we have seen, for the teats are so small that they do not fill the hand sufficiently to allow of milking by the squeezing method. The Ayrshire in the Show Ring. It. is quite amusing to note the solemnity with which a show Ayrshire is walked before the judges or in the parade at Ayr or Kilmarnock. We have never seen any- thing equal to it in the showing of other breeds. The attendant studies every step of himself and charge as if his life depended upon it. He watches keenly each mo- tion of his beloved beast and endeavors by every art and trick of the trade to make the most of appearances. He is the greatest enthusiast and the most sober of any cattle- man we have ever watched at his work. If he smiles when the ribbon is tied upon his animal we have always failed to notice it. It comes to him as a righteous reward, richly deserved, rightly won. And what a time he has had in fitting his beast for the battle ! The horns seem like white wax — they are symmetry itself — and the bull or cow knows exactly where and how to step, keeping pace with the leader. It is a study in the fine art of Lady Earle of B. 19376. Simplicity. 12560. Daisie Bruce, 5031. Queen Nina 2d._ 12066. ^^^Hl HF ■^P^Hj^^^^^^^^^^H^^^^^Hpr^^^^^^HB^H 1^^ ^K ^|P HHK s .fl^^^p > ^I'liii, iBiiiii(ii|g|[ 1 fll^^^F .? f », - J 3 HH^^^^f HK^ ti I^^I^Hk. ^Ip o ■i^BBMfcfiitt.:vj^ J^K' j d H^H^^SHnHHHHiBI^B Si H^^^^^H^Hp^P^^MS^^^l^BfiP^P t-i M^^^BH^B"^»*«^^^ ^"^1^^ ^ ^^^^^^^ , > ^■p ' ■ ^' ^l^i^^^ , 1— ' 1— ' j Oi ^^BHR 't't.tiife.T to ^H^K"' ^b^lHI^v^- Ws^ Eanie *''' Bkl-£ 1^1 1^ ii3 cattle feeding-, fitting and exhibiting, and explains why in its native home the Ayrshire is so successful, while so much less so abroad. We cannot possibly devote the time and attention be- stowed by the Ayrshire cattleman ; nor have we the innate love of the breed and inherent desire to maintain old family traditions in breeding- and showing. We can, however, find a useful place for the Ayrshire " coo " wherever climate and soil are suitable. A limestone form- ation gives best results and the ample flow of milk makes abundant, rich cheese, to say nothing of butter. Wt would have to breed larger teats on these cattle and the horns would not prove an interesting matter — indeed, 'they would doubtless in many districts fall victims to the dehorning shears — but as a breed they would in many places, as they do in Ayrshire, prove capital farmers' cows for both milk production and good quality beef steers. . At home the Ayrshire cow produces on an average some 600 gallons of milk per annum on good soil and z|8o to 500 gallons on poorer farms. In a test a little over three gallons of milk was given by one cow in twenty-four hours, and she produced at the rate of fifteen pounds of butter per week. When dried off Ayrshire cows fatten quickly arid make a creditable carcass of beef, so that they are considered desirable for this fact, in addition to their other good qualities. In Ayrshire most of the cattle are rented out to " bowers," who pay for them so much cash or cheese per annum and are supplied with pasture for the summer months and a stipulated amount of winter feed by the owner. This, we remember, was the plan in vogue upon Mr. Mitchell's farm, and we believe that the rent per cow for the year was some $75, or three or four hundredweight of cheese per annum. 114 Ayrshires a Great Horn Grower. Reverting to the subject of Ayrshire horns, we are amused to note that our old teacher, Prof. Primrose McConnell, himself a " terrible Ayrshire body " and a man of splendid scientific attainments, hits the breeders hard anent the prevailing fad for upstand horns. He says, on page 291 of his learned work on the " Elements of Agricultural Geology " — his magmts opus, which took a lifetime of patient study and research and ten years for the preparation of the manuscript : " The present horn of the Ayrshire is the result of a showyard fad — an artificial type has been followed now for a generation, to the personal grief of the writer. The original horn of the Ayrshire was the 'crummie ' type, a nice little turned forward, incurved arrangement, exactly in the longifrons style, and which was harmless as a weapon. Now, those breeders who have been smitten by the showyard craze have — by selection, by the use of pulleys and weights, by the use of the rasp, and by the use of hot porridge poultices, so moulded and altered the horns that they are now as deadly as the horns of the gemsbok, which even the lion will not face. As an Ayrshireman, and lover of a ' guid coo,' the author has done his little best to persuade his fellow dairymen to revert to the original type of horn as a matter of safety, beauty and utility, oi" even to introdue the polled type, but without success. That such was the old, natural type of horn is perfectly well known to the older farmers, and the writer can just remember it being common him- self, while all old prints represent it." HOME DAIRY TEST, 1906. Regulations and List of Premiums Offered by the Ayrshire Breeders' Association. Two Hundred and Ten Dollars in Cash, the French Prize Cup and the Country Gentleman Prize Cup. Prizes for Butter. The Ayrshire Breeders' Association offers the follow- ing premiums for cows or herds of Ayrshires making the best records for butter for one year under the condi- tions hereafter named. For individual cows, $30.00, $20.00, $10.00. For herds of five cows each, $75.00, $50.00, $25.00. Special Silver Cup Prizes. In addition to the above cash prizes we are pleased to offer a piece of silver plate, obtained from the income of the " French Fund " of $1,500.00, donated by Miss Cor- nelia A. French, North Andover, Mass., in memory of her brother, the late J. D. W. French, and offered for the herd of five cows who shall give the largest record for a year, of milk and butter, beginning April first. Through the generosity of Messrs. Luther Tucker & Son, we are pleased to offer The Country Gentleman Prize Cup for the single cow that shall give the largest record for a year, of milk and butter, beginning April first. The awards shall be based on a uniform scale of points. ii6 Conditions of Test. 1. All animals competing must be registered in the Ayrshire Record and stand on the books of the Associa- tion as owned by the person competing. 2. The year's test will commence April i, 1906, and notice of proposed entry in tests must be sent to the Secretary of the Association not later than March fif- teenth, so as to allow time for arrangements for test to begin April first. 3. Each contestant shall name from five to twenty cows and heifers to be tested through the year, and when naming shall give the age of each cow and date of last 117 freshening, and at the end of the year he may select any three of these for the individual cow prizes and any five ■for the herd prizes, but shall not select the same cow for both individual and herd prizes, nor shall he be allowed to duplicate entries, nor shall he enter the same herd or single cow for both Home Dairy Test prizes and the special prizes, but may choose at the end of the year where he will enter his herd or single cows, for any of the prizes. Home Dairy or Specials. 4. At the end of each month every contestant shall report to the Secretary of the Association, upon blanks furnished them for such purpose by said office : a. A complete record of weights of each milking, with the correct footing of each for the month. b. The calving and service record for that month. c. An approximate statement of the amount and kind of food given the animals, and the manner of stabling and care of same; a full statement for the first month, and after that enter on the blank for that month any changes in food or care as they occur from month to month during the year. 5. About the middle of each month the contestant shall take a composite sample of all the consecutive milk- ings for two consecutive days of each cow in the test, and send to the Experiment Station in the State in which the animal is located, or to such place as may be directed or approved by the Committee in charge of the testing, the result of such tests to be reported by the tester to the Secretary of the Association. 6. These tests shall be under the supervision of the Committee appointed by the Ayrshire Breeders' Associa- tion, but any member of the Committee owning animals competing in said tests shall be barred from having super- ii8 vision of his own test or tests. All cows shall be wholly under the control of the owner, so far as feeding and general treatment are concerned. 7. The Association will pay the expenses of testing the milk sent to the Experiment Station, and will pay the expenses incurred by carrying out the provisions con- tained in rule 8. The contestant shall furnish the bottles for the tests and shall be to all the expense of express charges on his milk sent from his herd to the Station doing the testing, and shall entertain, free of charge, the Agent sent from the Station to inspect his testing. 8. At such times as the Committee supervising said test or tests shall see fit, but at least twice during the year, they shall send anyone whom they may deputize to visit the herds from which animals are entered, to weigh and test the milk from cows competing, the agent sent being approved by the Experiment Station doing the testing for that herd. 9. The result of each year's test shall be computed in the following manner : The weights of milk produced each month shall be multiplied by the per cent, of butter fat as shown by the oflEicial test for that month, and the amount of butter computed by the Experiment Station method of the addition of one-sixth, and the sum of the results thus obtained shall be the year's record. The milk will also be tested for per cent, of total solids, but this, however, will not be considered in making the awards, which will be on amount of butter only. The statistics obtained from the above test will be of inestimable value to all breeders of Ayrshires, because, covering a long period of time and being official, they will show to the public the value of the Ayrshire cow for a year, in quantity of milk and butter and per cent, of fat 119 and total solids, and an approximately correct idea of the food and care which has been given to obtain such results. One great advantage to the breeder of Ayrshires com- peting in the Home Dairy Test is that all the cows entered in the Home Dairy Test are also carried along for entry in the Advanced Registry, with no other expense or trouble to the owner of the cows. All who have participated in the Home Dairy Test competition are satisfied that it is of inestimable value to them as owners and breeders. Advanced Registry, and advanced registry cows are what is going to place the Ayr- shire cow in a position of superiority, and give to the breeder of advanced registry cows an exalted position in the ability to dispose of his surplus stock. It is earnestly hoped that this opportunity for an official test of Ayrshire cows will be very generally responded to by the owners of Ayrshire cows, that we may obtain some valuable sta- tistics to publish in favor of the Ayrshire cow. C. M. WINSLOW, THOMAS TURNBULL, Jr., GEO. WM.. BALLOU, PROF. H. HAYWARD, Committee on Home Dairy Tests. NEW YORK 6rccn Bay farm HOME OF Hdvanced Registry Hyrsbires* My Cows and Heifers all have teats long enough lo milk with a full hand, and a shapely udder PRODUCTION FIRST; SHOW RING AFTER> My herd is headed by the Bull, THORP, No. 9361. Look up his breeding, 1 Have a Few Ypung Bulls and Heifers for Sale. ADDRESS: DR. C. E:. hatch, PROPRIEl-rOR, CSAI N ESVI 1_L_E, ISI. Y. WYOMING CO- STEW YORK FO R SALE! Ayrshire Cattle, B?ih_§£^^- YOUNG COWS, HEIFERS AND CALVES A SPECIALTY CICO* \Mrn, OallOU^ or 430 east 48th ST., NEW YORK CITY. NEW YORK CJTY 'PHONE, 925-3aTH. JOHN RETSON, Herdsman. J. J. JONES, Manager. NEW TOKK fDaple Roio Stock ?arm I H^rsbires. i For Practical Dairy Purposes. Bulls selected from the best milking families. Noted for Strong Constitutions and excellent milking strains. Stock of all ages for sale. - - - CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED: mieitors XKIlelcome, ^ ^» lb- Cookingbam, ^ Cberr^ Creeft, m. 1. * Cbaut. County. VALLEY POINT rARM Herd of PRIZE-WINNING AYR5HIRES Choice selections of all the leading strains, including the Duchess of Smithfield. None but the best retained in the breeding herd. ORMISXON BROS., CUBA, - NEW/ YORK. PENNSYLVANIA MiQblanb jfarm H>>r8birc8 3obn 1R. Dalentinc, proprietor. Herd headed by Imported Finlaystone, 8882. Three-fourths of our matured cows this year have made from 9,000 to 11,000 lbs. of milk with an average test of four per cent, butter fat. ALL STOCK TUBERCULIN TESTED. Some very choice young bulls for sale from advanced registry cows at reason- able prices Addi pbilip C. palmer, )Mgr., HIGHLAND FARM. Bryn IVlawr, Penn. INSPECTION INVITED. NEW YORK AND MASSACHUSETTS For Ayrshire Cattle ALL. ACBiElS AND BOTH SEXES Bred for Practical Dairy Purposes, Size, Constitution, Disposition, Style, Length of Teat, and Deep and Persistent Milkers, APPLY TO X. W. Stowell, mac\\ CreeF?, IR. 1^. Mt. Hcrmon Boys' School Founded by DWIGHT L. MOODY. BREEDERS OF HIGH CLASS AYRSHIRE CATTLE. Herd built on Foundation presented by DR. THOMAS TURNBULL, Jr., Ex- Pres. of Ayrshire Breeders' Association COWS, HEIFERS AND CALVES FOR SALE For information and prices address H. HAYWARD, Ht. Hermon, Mass. MEADONA/ LAWN FARM. ATRSHIRES for sale. All ages. This herd consists of 30 as fine Ayrshires as any one herd. At head of herd is WHITE PRINCE, GRANDSON OF WHITE FLOSS and by imported bull GEO. H. BOWKER, - - - Westboro, Mass. ON EirECTRIC CAR I^INE. WEST VIRGINIA AND IVEW HAMPSHIRE Vj TZ George H. Yeaton ^ Breeder of Pure Ayrshire Cattle... hS^Ss Send For flilk and Butter Records MISS 01,GA, 13984. Winner of 1st prize in Home Dairy Test for the year ending April 1, 1905. l,ONG DISTANCE TEI.EPHONE Residence : ROI^I^INSFORD, N. H. Post-office : DOVER, N. H. Hill Top Farm Ayrshires . . . . This herd contains over fifty head of thoroughbred Ayrshires of the finest of breeding and best of individuality. The following bulls now in use : Nox'-em-all, 7312, by Lord Douglas of Maple Grove (imp.), No. 6376, out of the champion Viola Drummond, No. 12533. Monark of Verbank, 7970, a grandson of Nonpareil and Major Verbank and a winner of first and championship prizes. Howie's Dairy King (imp.), 5707, by Erin-go-bragh, out of Brockie of Hillhouse, who gave 73 lbs. milk in one day. This is a superb young bull, winner of 1st and championship N. Y. State Fair, 1905, and other prizes. YOUNG STOCK FOR SALE L. A. REYMANN, WHEELING, W. VA. NEW HAMPSHIRE The Hayes Farm Portsmo\itK, Ne"w HampsHire Here you can find foundation stock from the best families in the Ayrshire line. Representatives from this herd at ten of the largest fairs in New England, in 1905, took 1st and 2d prizes and sweepstakes. We have all the popular shades and styles, "White," "Spotted," "Mixed" and " Dark Colors " Write for description of what you want for the show ring of 1906. More cows have gone into the advanced registry than from any other herd, with one exception. Charles H. Hayes & Son CONNECTICUT AND MAINE HIGHLAND FARM The Ayrshire's Home EQUINOX, 9451. &\JL,h CA1,F, 5 MONTHS OX,D Ayrshires of all kinds for sale at reasonable prices. Address : Rev. Elmer F. Pember, - Bangor, Maine Rome Rill Stock farm. AYRSHIRES FOR BUSINESS. Advanced registry tells the story. Buy calves out of cows that have qualified for advanced registry and you know what you are getting for your money. MOLLY FRYER, No. 16051, one of the four cows from Home Hill that qualified for advanced registry last year, was raised at HOME HILL FARM. She earned $200.38 IN 365 CONSECUTIVE DAYS. A High Per Cent, of Butter Fat the Constant Aim. r>eiil*y Dotrancc, plain field, Connecticut. PENNSYLVANIA -AyrsKire Cattle. This herd consists of sixteen cows from the herd of W. V Probasco, including the HOME DAIRY TEST WINNERS, 1 902 AND 1 903 ; eight Blue Ribbon winners from H. B. Cater & Son, and five from W. G. Tucker, and is headed by the Scotch-bred bull MOONSTONE 2ND. OFBARCLAY. NETHERHALL, MACDONALD, IMP., 8860. His Dam and Grand Dam are imported cows, typical, and show good dairy ability; his Sire, MOONSTONE OF DRUMSUIE, IMPORTED, sired four of the first prize Breeders' Young Herd, at St. Louis, and his daughters show great form as this year's record will testify to. - THE INCREASE OF THIS HERD WILE BE FOR SALE. HILLVIEINA/ SmOOK FARM, L-td., w. V. prObasco, McaFt., paoli, pa. PENNSTJLVANIA BARCLAY FARM IMPORTED AYRSHIRES ^ START RIGHT ^ BUTTERCUP OF ROSEMONT, 17900 official Two year old recQrd, 7,584 lbs. of milk and 356 lbs. of butter. HbC SCOtCb B^rSblre is not only a leading show cow of today, but will be proven a leading dairy cow if given a chance. Nine of twelve cows started here last winter have qualified for Ad- vanced Registry, and from a breeder's standpoint we were the most successful breeders at St. Louis. Forty-five cows are now in the herd and a new importation expected in March. This herd is headed by MOONSTONE OF DRUMSUIE, imp., 8228, and NETHERHALL MACDONALD, imp., 8860, both of good quality and excellent families. BREEDERS CAN BUY CALVES OF BOTH SEXES AT ALL TIMES. JOHN W. OAKEY, Mgr., Barclay Farm, Bryn Mawr, Penn. CONNECTICUT 5. M. Wells. Herd UstablisHed in 1863. Wm. T. Wells. IRibgeeibe ifarm ^^= AYRSHIRES. ^^^^^^ S. M. WELLS & SON. NENA/INGTON, CONNECTICUT. Leading CCCinncrs at the Universal Exposition at St. Louis, 1904. Herd consists of Dairy and Show Ring animals of the highest quality PRESENT STOCK BULLS-. BARCHESKIE KING'S CREST, 9035, IMP. LOYAL DUKE OF RIDGESIDE, 9483. SIRE, DUKE CLARENCE OF BARCHESKIE, 6640, IMP. DAM, LADY EARLE OF B, 19376. Farn/located^on Electric Car~L,ine from Hartford ^^^n TELEPHONE CONNECTION PENNSYLVANIA AND OHIO of both sexes and all ages from the CHOCOfiUT VALLEY HERD I stock for sale at all times. P. BYRNE & SONS, St. Josephs, Pa. ^^ . ^1 THE DAIRYMAID FAMILY OF AYRSHIRES are proving their worth, both in the dairy and as show cattle. When you want them just as represented, call on or apply to A.B. McConnell&Sons, Wellington, O. HOWARD COOK & SON Breeders of Thoroughbred Ayrshire Cattle ARE breeders of the kind that takes prizes at the pail as well as in the show ring, last year taking second prize in the home dairy test, and the year before first on best cow, while every fall for a number of years have exhibited a herd at principal state fairs of the middle west with very good success : : : Our breeding bull, Dunraven of Ste. Annes, 7662, taking second place at three fairs in three years, while our imported bull, Flash Lad, 9054, has ben shown one year at four state fairs and took first at all. We have for sale at all times either the American or Scotch type, either sex, any age. : : : HOWARD COOK & SON BELOIT, OHIO VERMONT C. M. Winslow Sr Son, Brandon, Vermont. — ^=5 Brandon is on the Rutland Division of the New York Central R. R., on the direct line between New York and Montreal, and ■ between Boston and Montreal; 250 miles from New York, 107 miles from Albany, 183 miles from Boston. Farm located in sight of railroad station at Brandon. This herd was established in 1873 by purchase of a few heifers, the best to be found, and the herd has been headed since then by bulls from the best cows to be found, that were noted for large dairy yield, long teats and shapely udders. Cows with the following official yields were bred by Winslow & Son : Heifers in tHeir T-wo Year Old Form. NAME NUMBER ^f^^ BUTTER Rose Ascott 15035 5621 242 Florine Corslet 17512 5527 252 Rose Crashaw 17507 5995 269 Rose Radnor 13686 6828 282 Rose Duvall 17509 5769 283 Rose Foxglove 15038 6128 283 Rose Clockston 15026 7302 292 Olive Kilbowie 17506 6105 300 IvUlu Avondale 15033 r 6122 300 RoseClaymore 17511 6332 302 RoseEUice 13665 7066 803 Muriel Fox 15036 6685 308 Rose Dolman 13088 7409 313 Sibyl Corslet 18256 7170 317 Rose Brodick 15029 7390 324 Ivizzie Muriel 15364 7585 335 Three "Year Olds, Fovir Year Olds and Mature Co-ws. NAME NUMBER ^f^^, BUTTER Rose Ascott 15035 6719 308 Ro.se Foxglove 15088 6431 310 RoseDeruth 10346 7918 312 Rose Brodick 15029 7399 324 Rose Erica 12775 88&3 330 Muriel Fox 15036 7890 332 Rose Caren tine 13655 8379 346 Rose Clockston 15026 8932 351 Ivulu Avondale 1503J 7171 354 Rose Cleon 11143 7929 355 Floy Corslet 15023 7.376 360 RoseClenna 11153 7988 377 Acme 5th 10342 8183 386 lolal^orne 12773 10095 414 Rose Veritas 12076 9301 421 Acelista 12094 11856 489 Rena Myrtle 9530 12172 546 Ruth 4816 10119^ OFFICIAli RECORD OF ACELISTA, 13094, FOR FOUR TEARS Acelista, 13094, for the past four consecutive years has had four calves and given 40,831 pounds of milk and 1,688 pounds of butter. VERMONT MATTHEW HANNAH Proprietor of IbtU^Croft Stock farm WEST WINDSOR, VT., BjffA^j 5«d J*„p?rl^j:_°f PURE-BRED AYRSHIRE CATTLE, SHROPSHIRE SHEEP, BERKSHIRE PIGS. Five Registered Heifers, from two to twenty Months old. Bred by Estate of FOR SALE Months old. Bre H. A. SOULE Two first prize winners at the Franklin Co. Vt. Fair, 1905, in the lot. Also the Sweepstakes Cow of all breeds at same exhibition. Write for extended, pedigree and description to DR. F\. B. SOULE. ST. RLBANS, VT. ^ L. S. DREW Breeder of /lyrshire Cattle Registered _„^^,3;.^t^^^ LAKE VIEW FARM, So. Burlington, Vt, B ROO K LAW N HERD ESTABLISHED f869. L. C. SPALDING d SON, pqultney, vt. The herd now numbers Fifty Head of choice animals, the increase of which is offered for sale at reasonable prices. -:- -:- -:- -:- PENNSYLVANIA PensK\irst Farm AYRSH I REIS. Herd is largely composed of the best animals from the dispersion sale of ROBERT HUNTER & SONS. IVIaxville, Canada. Lessnessock King of Beauty, Imp. (—16768—) ("6361") 9736. His winnings have been phenomenal, winning wherever shown. 2nd Prize at Ayr, Scotland; 2nd Prize at Highland, Aberdeen, Scotland; 1st Prize at Toronto, Canada, 1903; 2nd Prize at Toronto, Canada, 1904 and head of 1st Prize Herd ; 1st prize at Toronto and Ottawa, Canada, 1905, with Championship. Our females are large cows of the fashionable color and most approved type, with first class vessels and teats. J. BLAIR RIITCHEN, Sxipt., Narberth P. O., Montgomery Co., Pennsylvania. NEW YORK ^unn^eibe ^tock ^pairn, p HOME OF THE AYRSHIRES Deep, high testing milkers, with large, well set bags and extra long teats, «^ Young Stock For Sale. C. Ul. Leiais $f Sons, /lirrcd Station, D. Y. ^ -.J RIVERSIDE HERD A Y R S HIRE CATTLE Established in 1856. Has won more prizes at leading shows than any other herd. Mature cows give from 7, ICO to 10,000 lbs. yearly. Herd test. SMfo-4.4f, at factory. Herd headed by the imported champion, h o W 1 e s RIZZAWAY, assisted by TELFORD DO UGLAS. the young champion. FOUNDATION STOCK ALWAYS FOR SALE. Cliampiou Ayrshire Cow of America Bred by J. F. Coxversk h Co. J. F. CONVERSE & CO., Woodvllle. Jefferson Co.. N. Y. A.y rshires. .1^ Beaxity and Utility Combined. .A. ^ood sHc^^ animal, a ^ood breeder and a big producer all in one. <^ Such are tHe animals bred end for sale at MEADOW BROOR STOCIi FARM, G. H, BELL. Prop., R. F. D. No. i, Rome. N. Y.