at if ae eae Sd a PS SEs ee Pe ee eis as YEAR BOOK | OF THE “SOCIETY 1984 | YEAR BOOK 1984 THE HEATHER SOCIETY Affiliated Societies: Neuerlandse Heidevereniging ‘Ericultura’ Gesellschaft der Heidefreunde Pacific Northwest Heather Society President: Mr. C. D. BRICKELL, V.M.H. Vice-Presidents: Dr. V. GRAY Mrs. D. METHENY Mrs. C. I. MacLEOD Mr. D. McCLINTOCK Chairman: Maj.-Gen. P. G. TURPIN, C.B., O.B.E. Secretary: Mrs. P? B. LEE Treasurer: Mr. D. B. OLIVER Council: Mrs. M. BOWERMAN Mr. H.L. NICHOLSON, M.B.E. Mr BON. CULLEY Mr. D. H. E. ROPE Mrs. D. EVERETT Mr. D. J. SMALL Mr. A. W. JONES Mr. A. J. STOW Mrs. D. H. JONES Mr. G. P. VICKERS Mr. T. A. JULIAN Mr. E. H. WISEMAN Slide Librarian: Mr. D. J. SMALL Denbeigh, All Saints Road, Creeting St.Mary, Ipswich, Suffolk IP6 8PJ Editors: Year Book: Mr. A. W. JONES, Otters’ Court, West Camel, Somerset BA22 7QF Bulletins Mrs. D. H. JONES, Otters’ Court, West Camel. Somerset BA22 7QF Administrator: Mr. K. H. FARRAH 7 Rossley Close, Highcliffe, Christchurch, Dorset BH23 4RR THE HEATHER SOCIETY CONTENTS Volume 3 No. 2 FE DIMGOIRTA IES) el saiask sg tee ea LU pM OL ah MRM Leg LU th Ea 3 FROMTHE: GEAIRIMAIN Vai Geni Pa G. iMUn piri s) Wau ta tae ne a 5 ANNUAL CONFERENCE, FALMOUTH HOTEL, CORNWALL, SEPTREMBER 98 3i-cVirs Phinilis (Menned\ sae iets er vias aoe cae eae 7 FROM HEDDA TO CHERRY - Mrs. Hedda Nicholson .................... 12 HENSYAIND GHICKENS 2 Rex Brobertieenn: fi, op ial Ol oe Oem er mn 14 A FRENCH MEMBER'S REMINISCENCES OF THE IRISH TOUR OF 1983 - Mme Henriette Triscos ............... 15 HEATHER GARDENS No. 10: REGENTS PARK - May.-Gen. P.G. iurpin .... 21 JAMES WALKER PORTER OF CARRYDUFF - Dr. E. C. Nelson ......... 24 Pestalotiopsis euepini- DaVvidhEid genes wae on melee ae eee a 34 Calluna “-DARLEYENSIS’ AND ‘PENHALE’ - David McClintock ......... 35 LATE-FLOWERING CALLUNAS - May.Gen. P. G. Turpin................ 37 DABEOC - A SAINT AND HIS HEATHER - Dr. E. C. Nelson ............ 41 DABOECIAS WITH ERECT FLOWERS - David McClintock .............. 46% FASCIATED HEATHERS(= DavidiMcGliitock 2.) Ak ae a 47 Erica cinerea var. rendlei - A CORRECTION - David McClintock ........... 485 BO OKGRE WV TE W055 0 5 eR EY ARE US ASM.) at ae 49 HEATHER GCUETIVARS iromiGORNW ALLE Al WAvones eee 50 SPORTS, REVERSIONS, WITCHES’ BROOMS AND THE LIKE - Dia td VEG GUITO CHASE: PION NIN R.) Mntho aI ny 810 B05 a HER Ae A eae ar 5) NEWSAC OUTSITIONS Ss) Blaney 9 kN yee cher de leaner apa 66 CULTIVARS REGISTERED DURING 1983 - The Registrar............... 69 PERSONAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES FOR HEATHERS - 4th SURBPEEMENT {DaniaiMicGlinteck =e. soo4 sc eee eee eee 69 RECENT WRITINGS(ON HEATHERS W983). oooh ete ee eee 73E£ NURSE RYMIEN MIE MIBIEIRSi@2 : see ie ei eno o Pp eee ne ne eee 77 EOGCATVORGANITSERS eee Seno. 2) te ally Ns 2 aed sO ea 82 ECOMMITEREEIMIE MBE RS ae sie ties ere eel) age ee 83 YEAR BOOK 1984 Editorial The Heather Society Year Book first appeared twenty one years ago. Recently, reading through that first Year Book, on page 4, I came across the statement - “These enthusiasts, who were the founders of the Society, believe that despite the growing interest now being shown in heathers, there are thousands who do not yet realise what rewarding additions they can be to a garden . In this issue our Chairman writes about the continued growth of interest in these plants. Their popularity has unquestionably increased greatly during the past twenty one years, and the Heather Society can justifiably claim some small part in the responsibility for this. It has constantly brought the excellent qualities of heathers as garden plants to the attention of a wider public. Since 1964 the membership of the Society has increased six-fold. However, it is smaller and younger than many specialist societies, and heather growing must still be regarded as a minority interest. Perhaps heathers are grown in one garden in twenty five. How many gardens contain, for example, roses? What will the future bring? Different gardening styles are brought into being by social changes or changes of fashion. Some plants enjoy a short period in vogue and then most people lose interest in them. Others seem to continue in favour as each new generation of gardeners comes along. It is among these ever-popular groups of plants that the hybridists have created forms and colours that were never seen in their wild ancestors. Heathers have so far escaped this fate, and perhaps something in their genetic make-up may continue to pro- tect them from it. However, who knows what may be done with tissue culture, if the commercial demand exists. Since I am not adept at the casting of runes, I cannot say with certainty what will happen to heather growing in the future. In the short term, if the growth in the pop- ularity of heathers is to continue, those wishing to begin growing them must be provided with sound advice and good plants. The Heather Society has ensured that the advice is available by publishing the Heather Culture 3 THE HEATHER SOCIETY Leaflets. The majority of the horticultural trade offer excellent plants. However, the sale of neglected plants, lime-hating species in alkaline areas and tender cultivars in harsh districts still goes on. This may provide a short- term return for the seller, but it can turn the buyer against heathers, and give rise to a phrase I hear all too often - “Oh we can’t grow heathers around here’. Botanical terms sometimes appear in articles in the Year Book, and I have been asked several times to pro- vide a glossary of them. I do not “pretend” with John Ray that *‘all the Particulars contained in this Book, can- not be found in any one Piece known to me, but ly scattered and dispersed in many, and so this may serve to relieve those Fastidious Readers, that are not willing to take the Pains to search them out’. I will therefore content myself with suggesting where comprehensive glossaries may be found. Heaths and Heathers by Terry Underhill and The Heather Garden by Harry van de Laar both contain, in addition to excellent glossaries, much that would be of interest to those who have not read these books. The glossary in Ericas in Southern Africa by H. A. Baker and E. G. H. Oliver is well- illustrated. Two more general books that contain glossaries are Collins Pocket Guide to Wild Flowers by David McClintock and R. S. R. Fitter, and The Concise British Flora in Colour by W. Keble Martin. This short bibliography is by no means exhaustive. ‘From what has been said of the family (Ericaceae) it will be perceived that a very interesting bed or group might be made from these alone. Many persons..... would find it worth while to devote a spot to the British heaths and their varieties” W. Robinson, The Wild Garden, \st Edn, 1870, P 199. YEAR BOOK 1984 From the Chairman. Maj.-Gen. P. G. Turpin, C.B.,O.B.E. West Clandon, Surrey. The popularity of heathers as garden plants continues to grow. Reports from commercial growers indicate that the demand is higher than ever; so much so, that it is becoming increasingly difficult to obtain good plants of some popular cultivars after the middle of March. Nearly all the gardening writers appreciate the value of heathers in bringing colour and variety into our gardens even on the dullest day of winter, and articles on growing heathers appear regularly in the gardening literature. The television programme “‘Geoffrey Smith’s World of Flowers” is including heathers among the twenty selected flowers being featured, and Gardening from Which is undertaking a project involving a study of the growing and selling of heathers. Town planners and Parks Departments are making more and more use of heathers in large-scale plantings in parks, around civic buildings and in decorating the island beds in the middle of roundabouts and along the margins of busy roads. Wayside petrol stations and small general stores have Started to display boxes of heathers for sale, and many of the larger chain stores include heathers in their flower departments. It is interesting that this great increase in the sale of heathers has not been accompanied by a general demand for more cultivars. One large-scale dealer has reckoned that over 90% of the heathers he sells come from less than thirty different cultivars. Most buyers look for a plant with a neat compact habit, with plenty of flowers of a distinctive colour or with brightly-coloured foliage. Varieties like Calluna ‘Beoley Gold’, ‘Darkness’, *J.H. Hamilton’, ‘Kinlochruel’, “Silver Queen’, “Sir John Charrington’, ‘White Lawn’, Evica carnea ‘Foxhollow’, ‘Myretoun Ruby’, ‘Springwood White’, E. cinerea ‘C.D. Eason’, ‘C.G. Best’, ‘P.S. Patrick’ and E. vagans ‘Mrs. D.F. Maxwell’ and ‘St.Keverne’ are always good sellers. THE HEATHER SOCIETY Most heather nurseries are beginning to realise this and are tending to reduce the number of varieties which they offer. In Germany Herr Schurig, who introduced Calluna “Schurig’s Sensation’, and whose annual sales reach hundreds of thousands, has, for some years, limited his summer-flowering varieties to about 15 and his winter-flowering cultivars to less than a dozen. One of our largest wholesale growers, whose annual target is between a million and two million heathers, restricts the number of cultivars, which he grows, to a little more than a hundred. It is left to one or two specialist nurseries to grow a larger range of varieties. This involves a great deal of additional work - some of it uneconomical - just to maintain a sufficient stock of some of the less common cultivars. We should be grateful to those nurserymen who are willing to devote their time and their resources to growing as many as 300 or 400 different cultivars. And so, in common with many other garden plants, we are likely to see a reduction in the number of different heather cultivars on sale in Garden Centres. Only the more reliable and more attractive varieties will survive the competition for quick sales. And yet the number of named varieties continues to increase. What hope can a newly-named heather have of breaking into this closed ring? Very little, unless it has some outstanding characteristics and an imaginative name. We can almost count on the fingers of our two hands all the new heathers, which have made any real impact during the last 15 years. Experience has shown that a name like ‘Golden Carpet’ makes infinitely more appeal than ‘John F. Letts’, although there is very little to choose between the two plants. “Californian Midge’ will always sell more quickly than “Nana Compacta’. ‘Hirsuta Typica’ is perhaps, marginally, a better cultivar, but the name “Silver Queen’ is more likely to attract the customer. Sometimes an indifferent cultivar will sell quite well because its name makes an immediate impact, and occasionally a very good heather can make its way, in spite of having been saddled with an uninspiring name. YEAR BOOK 1984 But it must be admitted that most people who buy heathers do not care a “hoot” for their names. as long as they like their appearance. It is left to the dedicated members of the Heather Society to appreciate and enjoy the subtle differences between the many varieties of cultivated heathers and to take note of the interesting variations which occur in the wild. Annual Conference, Falmouth Hotel, Cornwall September 1983 Mrs. Phyllis Kennedy, Sway, Hampshire. Eighty-two members, including three from Scotland, one from Norway and one from Ireland, foregathered at the very comfortable and well appointed Falmouth Hotel where Mr. and Mrs. Randall were waiting to welcome us. After an excellent dinner we proceeded to the Conference Room where our Chairman, Maj.-Gen. Pat Turpin, opened the Conference by greeting the assembled company and made special mention of Mrs. Petterssen from Norway and Dr. Nelson from Ireland. After his opening remarks he introduced Mr. Peter Blake, the Cornish County Adviser for Horticulture, who proceeded to give us a most stimulating, informative and entertaining talk on gardening in Cornwall, using his hands as well as his voice to describe and demonstrate most effectively the problems of a maritime climate. The greatest problem was how to deal with the strong salt- laden winds which deposited their load on plants and soil alike in considerable quantity. Building a wall round the garden was not the answer,for the wind rose up over the wall and dropped into the vacuum on the other side, circulating round and round unable to get out. Planting trees and shrubs with thick leathery or furry leaves which defied these winds, or slatted fencing was what was needed to break up and filter the wind. The light THE HEATHER SOCIETY texture of the soil was the next point taken up, for in such soils the nutrients are easily leached away by rain so there must be constant replacement of these nutrients. Having achieved a windbreak then the early flowers and vegetables came into their own in the mild winter climate of Cornwall. He finished his talk by showing slides of the plants about which he had been talking and pointed out at the same time the importance of instilling into young people that soil must be made to be productive so that when they became adult they would wish to make gardens of their own as an inheritance for Cornwall. What a start to a Conference that lecture was, as it provided not only a great deal of food for thought, but also a lot of merriment. On arrival in the Conference Room after breakfast on Saturday we were handed seven sheets of notes which Mr. Pascoe, Head of the Horticultural Department at Camborne Technical College, had prepared for us on the subject of tissue culture. We read the notes, we looked at each other, we read them again and wondered what maze we had landed ourselves in. However once the lecture started and Mr. Pascoe explained in much simpler terms what micropropagation was all about, we became utterly fascinated by what might take place in hybridisation in years to come. Two incompatible plants could be put together as protoplasts, which are plant with clear liquid in it, but with something else as well, remarked ** Look what they produced to-day”’ - there was YEAR BOOK 1984 a roar of laughter. We who were there know what it was, but you who were not let your imaginations run riot! Mr. Little of Penwith Plants Ltd, then gave an illus- trated talk on horticulture in Africa, showing us many weird, as well as beautiful plants growing in their natural habitat, some of the most colourful being the vast family of aloes which dominate the African scene in their winter months. After the coffee break David Trehane, well known as a specialist in Camellias, showed us slides of some of the best known and most beautiful Camellias bred in Cornwall, particularly the williamsii hybrids, amongst which was the one called after his wife Joan Trehane. On one of the petals was a fly but he assured us that there were no flies on his wife! He spoke also of the men who collected plants from far off places in days gone by. In those parts of Cornwall where the climate was mild and moist, Camellias flourished out of doors but not so in the deep frost pockets of the valleys. He showed also slides of Pieris, Vaccinium, Cassiope and other ericaceous plants, pointing out that when plants were first introduced into this country their heights were unknown, demonstrating this by showing an example of three Pieris japonica planted in a group where eventually the path disappeared in a tunnel underneath them. After a snack lunch quite a number of members went by coach to visit the County Demonstration Garden at Probus, where Mr. Blake and one of his assistants were waiting for us, while others went to Trelissick,one of the many beautiful gardens of Cornwall. By the time we reached Probus a chilly full gale was blowing, laid on specially, we felt sure, to prove that what Mr. Blake had said the previous evening was indeed true. It was interesting to note which plants, including heathers, had stood up to the salt-laden winds and which had quietly succumbed. The effect on some apple trees was to make them appear to have suffered fire scorch. Probus is high and windswept and was chosen for the garden for that very reason. A hot cup of tea was provided after our walk round and it was most welcome. After another excellent dinner we again foregathered in the Conference Room, where we were delighted to g THE HEATHER SOCIETY hear from Mr. Waterhouse how the new heather garden at Mount Edgcumbe was progressing and how valuable an asset it would be. By this time we were in competition with the dinner dance that was in progress in the ballroom below us, though what reached us sounded like rhythmic drums in deepest Africa. Eventually they were persuaded to tone down just a little. At “Open Forum”’ the questions posed ranged from planting under polythene and gravel mulch - had anyone had long term experience and had any problems arisen? - to what lime- tolerant heathers would grow in shade, why, when so many deciduous trees and shrubs would not burn until dry, many evergreens burnt fiercely when newly cut or growing. Next came a question on the parentage of hyb- rids involving Evica tetralix and the last question was whether the very old Erica triflora could be the same plant recorded before 1800. A short discussion took place on each of these questions and the questioners seemed satisfied at the conclusions arrived at. Mr. McClintock brought the evening to an end with a short but very interesting account of his travels in Holland and Germany looking at heathers. The Annual General Meeting took place after break- fast on Sunday and as usual it went very smoothly. In her report Pamela Lee, our Secretary, told us that the Heather Society now had 1544 members, of whom 100 were Overseas members. We were very pleased to know that our officers were prepared to be re-elected. After the A.G.M. Dr. David Coombe gave us a very vivid picture of the local Lizard heathlands from Saxon times onwards and told us that where the peat had been cut, pollen, which is long lasting and characteristic of species, had shown that once long ago the heathland had been forest. The forest disappeared, presumably cut down, and grazing started. He then went on to speak of the ““barrows”’ or burial grounds and how the standing stones were always on the highest spots so that they could be seen from a distance. He told us too that over 850 different species of plants had been recorded on the Lizard, and how Calluna stood up better than most to the vagaries of salt winds and drought. Only four plants 10. YEAR BOOK 1984 of Erica x williamsii had been found since 1974, the last one by Cherry Turpin in 1981 * and these were one of the treasures of the area. Dr. Lewis Frost then spoke of the Lizard Project saying how important it was that it would be scientifically carried out to preserve the natural beauties of the peninsula against the onslaught of farmers who were cultivating more and more heathland right up to the cliff edge, destroying rare plants in_ their wake and the surface environment. They get such poor crops from this third-rate agricultural land that they then claim for “‘loss of crop’’. Funds were badly needed and he begged most successfully. The final lecture after the coffee break was given by Terry Underhill on growing heathers in conjunction with alpines and his advice was for the low-growing non- spreading varieties of heathers, to avoid bulbs other than dwarf species and that the best effect was obtained by grouping heathers together which flowered at the same time, rather than mixing Ericas with Callunas as it simplified pruning as well. Some dwarf conifers also combine well with alpines. In the afternoon two coaches took us to the Lizard and Kynance Cove. We spent a short time only on Goonhilly Downs before going on to Kynance where we divided up into three groups each with a leader to view a large plant of Erica x williamsii, after which we went for a walk along some of the paths around the cove. After dinner four members showed slides depicting Ireland, a romp round South Africa and finally back to Hampshire. Our Chairman then thanked Mr. and Mrs. Randall and those who had helped to organise such a delightful, varied and happy week-end and we were all sorry to say goodbye to one another on Monday morning. ( * Another plant of E. x williamsii has been found on Goonhilly Downs since the Conference took place. Ed.) 11 THE HEATHER SOCIETY From Hedda to Cherry Hedda Nicholson, Dorking, Surrey (The following letter was written by Mrs. Nicholson to Mrs. Turpin) 2nd August 1983 Dear Cherry, I am in the living room enjoying the view of our new heather bed. A storm is coming up, but even under that gloomy sky they look bright and cheerful. Who says they are dull and boring? You once asked me how I came to love heathers. Well, that is a story. When I married Hugh in 1973 my knowledge about heathers was somewhat limited. All I knew was that there was a summer flowering and a winter flowering heather. With that I could not make any impression in the circle I entered now. Hugh, as you know, is a founder member of the Heather Society and I was dragged to meetings and garden walks where I could do no more but put up an intelligent face, keep quiet and listen. All that changed when I moved to England in 1976. We lost, of course, our fair share of plants in the drought. What water was available was used in the kitchen garden. Only over Hugh (the plant) I slopped a bucket of washing up water every day. He survived and so did ‘Valerie Proudley’ next to him. Since we had also lost our main lawn, we decided to start afresh and redesign the garden. The existing herbaceous border, which took up two sides of the garden in full length, we replaced by three smaller island beds. We kept most of the surviving shrubs and filled the beds for the time being with bedding out plants. The first bed we replanted permanently was the so-called “friends bed’’, where Hugh keeps all his heather friends. ‘Constance’ (MacLeod) is _ there together with ‘Joyce Burfitt’, “Sir John Charrington’, ‘David McClintock’, ‘P.S. Patrick’ and so on. At first it was a bit difficult and we even had to go to Holland and Germany to get the plants. In February 1978 came Herr Westermann to stay a few days with us. He brought me 12 YEAR BOOK 1984 Brian and Valerie Proudleys’ book which, as you know, is translated into German. And then it happened. The bug had bitten me. After the “friends bed” it was the turn of the drive. It looked really a bit scruffy. Hyssops and aubrieta had taken over. We kept all the Cistus and a Pinus mugo and | started to design the bed, but I could not get it right. The book says heathers should be planted in large groups. I love playing with colours and the bed is long and narrow - only 70 cm wide. Hugh intervened. It is only a matter of taste, he told me, and if you like a patchwork, plant it. And suddenly it fitted. But there were still so many more varieties I would have liked; so we made a few more beds. At last we changed the rose bed. They did not like our sandy soil. They struggled for many years but were never good. We replaced them with heathers. Now there is one (last?) bed to come. We had to fell a flowering cherry as you know and we decided to follow your advice not to replace it but keep the view free of that lovely Betula utilis. BUT the tree was surrounded by daffodils and it would look a bit silly to have suddenly in the middle of the lawn a fourfold circle of daffodils with a hole in the middle. We dug them up and thought of sowing grass there. But the more often we looked at the circle the more we liked the idea of making a heather bed there to complement the one around the birch. We started pushing heathers over the paper again. You will find your place there and behind you the lovely “Cottswood Gold’. The plants are all ordered and in October, when we are back from holidays, we shall start planting. We look forward to it. With love Hedda. 13 THE HEATHER SOCIETY Hens and Chickens Rex Probert, Machynlleth, Powys There must be as many ways of starting a heather garden as there are gardeners, but we thought that our solution might be of interest to others. We started with the acquisition of a few winter- flowering Ericas to brighten up our front garden and contrast with the thousands of snowdrops and daffodils in it. Then one of our daughters gave us a few Callunas - ‘County Wicklow’, ‘Robert Chapman’, ‘Darkness’ and ‘Sister Anne’.They did well in our acid soil and it was easy to take cuttings so we bought a few more - Peter Sparkes’, ‘Radnor’, ‘H.E. Beale’, “Gold Haze’ and Ericas “C.D. Eason’, “Mrs. D.F. Maxwell’ and “Lyonesse’. This time we bought five of a kind and they soon made a modest impact. Last summer we had to fell a big old cherry tree, and as well as this vacant space we straightened a curve in the lawn to make a border some 90 feet long by six to ten feet wide with a background mainly of rhododendrons and azaleas. The border is open to the sun all day and might provide space for 500 or more heathers. We could have gone to a nursery and bought them but this way seemed not only expensive but rather unenterprising, so we did some research and went to our nearest specialist nursery and bought a collection of the ones we thought the most interesting in threes and fives. We fetched the new plants last October but before put- ting them in - there were just over a hundred little shrubs - we took from them one or two cuttings where this could be done without spoiling them. The _ strong little bushes were planted in the new border, spaced well apart. Meanwhile nearly all the cuttings ‘took’ with a mixture of loam, peat and sand. By the spring they were such good strong plants that it would have been better to have spaced them even more widely apart than we did to avoid root damage when planting out. 14: YEAR BOOK 1984 Planting out was done in late spring using the “hens and chickens’’ technique which we often use for cuttings, namely putting the little plants round the older ones in groups. This meant that our border now had about 500 plants in some 50 varieties, all in patches of about a dozen, some more some less. Among the heathers are some small conifers, some bought at the same time and they too yielded cuttings just as easily as the others. The Same ease of propagation applies to most of the tree heaths. We hadn’t reckoned on the hot dry summer which followed our planting, but all the shrubs had been put out into good-sized holes filled with a mixture of peat and leafmould, and a good watering once a week kept them growing. Already the border looks well-furnished and indeed we are So pleased with it that we plan to move a number of ground cover plants and crocosmias to take the heathers further back up to the azaleas; this might add another hundred or so to the collection. One of the great beauties of a border such as this is, of course, that it should soon look after itself but, perhaps even more important, it gives colour and interest all the year round and especially from July to November when the garden scene tends to be rather quiet. A French Member’s Reminiscences of the Irish Tour of 1983 (21-28 August) Henriette Triscos, Biscarosse, France (Translated from the French by Maj.-Gen. P. G. Turpin.) Let me say, at the outset, that this tour was perfect in every way and that it was of great value both to the qualified botanists who took part and to the modest amateurs like myself. 15 THE HEATHER SOCIETY The members of the tour assembled on the Sunday evening at the Kylemore Hotel. The whole Atlantic seaboard of Europe was represented, Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, France and Spain. Dr. Charles Nelson introduced us to each other and it was immediately apparent that we should get on well together. In addition to Dr. Nelson, who had been kind enough to take charge of the French party (which was by no means an easy task), I had the pleasure of meeting Mr. Small again, who saw that we put our best foot forward on our outings. The Hotel stood in a setting between a wooded hill and a magnificent lake, with calm, clear water in which fish abounded. The excellent fresh salmon served for dinner confirmed this, if confirmation were necessary. There is no bathing in these lakes, as the water is too cold. Here I must digress for a moment. I had been intrigued by an electric light which had been set up on the lawn between the Hotel and the hill, which shone brightly all night. The following morning the mystery was explained. Mr. Chatelain, who is a distinguished amateur entomologist (he has collected 780 species of moth on the British list) was trying to catch Irish moths. But it appears that he had no success. Monday Morning Departure for Roundstone. We should have been disillusioned not to have rain in Ireland. And, sure enough, it rained, but only until mid-day. Then it had the grace to clear up and it did not rain again. In fact, during the whole week we had weather and temperatures which were quite exceptional for this time of year. On a hillside, where the going was rough and fairly steep, we found several varieties of heather - E. tetralix with its inflorescence forming an umbel at the end of its stem and its ovary covered with hairs, Daboecia with its alternate and larger leaves, and EF. erigena (not in flower at the time). Actually we were at the highest station of E. erigena in Connemara. 16 YEAR BOOK 1984 Tuesday To Carna. Here were all sorts of Daboecia, with different coloured corollas, mauve-pink, white and some in rarer shades of red. We also saw the double form of Daboecia. Another sight was £. x stuartil. This hybrid has leaves which are fairly upright at the tip of the stems and an ovary with a few short hairs, while EF. mackaiana has a glabrous ovary. The flowers are mainly borne in star- shaped terminal umbels. The practiced eye of the specialist could easily see the difference. The rest of us found it more difficult. Our attention was drawn to other plants. On the edge of a ditch we saw Juncus plantfolius, which Dr. Nelson told us came from Tasmania; by what route remains a mystery. During the afternoon we visited several areas where all the different heathers were growing together. And then came our “ceremonial” visit to the six plants of E. ciliaris, the only representatives of the species in Ireland. But there was at least one flower for us to See. _ Inthe evening we gathered in a neighbouring village to attend a programme of Irish music. This was a most enjoyable entertainment, which, according to Dr. Nelson, who knows what he is talking about, was typically Irish. Some dedicated members of the party stayed on for the dance which followed. Wednesday . Marvellous weather, with bright sunshine. We drove along the edge of a large beach of fine sand, at least halfa mile wide, and then for three or four miles into the mountains stretching along the bay. On the rocks were two observation towers (for submarines) and on this magnificent stretch of sea-water which penetrates far inland there was just one sail-board carrying out its 17 THE HEATHER SOCIETY evolutions. How different from our crowded French lakes. We envied such peaceful scenery. We had lunch on arock facing the sea, followed by a short run of a mile to visit another station of E. erigena, our object being to determine the highest altitude at which it grows in Connemara (about 300m (98 4ft)). We then split into two groups: those who chose to return by a longer route through the mountains (the gluttons for punishment) and those of us who preferred, like me, to return by the way we had come. And all the time there were plants other than heathers to see, for example: Polygala, Armeria maritima, Anagallis etc. On the edge of a beach, in the sand, we were privileged to see a Currach, a kind of leather boat, covered with tar, which is capable of crossing to America. It is pliable and can be foided up to take up less space. As though to fill us with nostalgia for this magnificent country of Connemara our evening meal consisted of Connemara salmon and fresh Connemara crayfish. Who ever said that we would not appreciate Irish food? Thursday Depart from Kylemore in perfect sunny weather. A stop on the way to change our money into sterling. Then we arrived at a lake occupied by swans, where we looked for E. erigena. Lunch was taken overlooking this lake, and then we set off for Ballinamallard. The area is part of a heavily-guarded military zone. We had dinner in the town and then met Dr. Nelson’s parents at the ““House of plants’.This was a most friendly occasion. Friday From Ballinamallard we entered a private property, and there in a meadow beside a stream we saw E. vagans with white flowers and red anthers. We then went ontoa Forestry Commission site where we had a picnic lunch on the grass facing the mountains. Then a quick 18 YEAR BOOK 1984 departure for Letterkenny, passing through Donegal along the shores of Lough Swilly, through magnificent country. We stayed at a hotel at Dunfanaghy where a strong wind blew all through the night. Saturday . We drove along the edge of very boggy ground along the shores of a lake where we found FE. mackaiana, E. tetralix and E. x stuartii. This gave us the opportunity of comparing these three heathers. E. mackaiana ovary glabrous E. tetralix ovary hairy E. x stuartii a few hair on the ovary Once more we had our picnic in the open air facing a lake. In the distance we could make out the ruins of a church, giving a bizarre appearance, which tempted some of us to take photographs. Next we visited a botanical garden, not yet open to the public, which contained an enormous number of Rhododendrons, Fuchsias and rare trees. At the edge of the lake, where the water was quite calm and full of fish, stood a magnificent castle. Opposite was a small wood protected against animals, as it is all that remains of a large and more important forest which has long since disappeared. The boldest members of the party set off to reach the summit of a nearby mountain, which they succeeded in doing. The rest of us thought it more prudent not to tax our strength and to forfeit the chance of admiring the scenery from the summit. So we stayed on the road. Sunday Sunday was spent in returning to Dublin. On the way we visited a very fine heather garden, in which a large collection of different varieties were growing side by side, showing off their quality by the contrast which they made with one another with their various colours. At mid-day our journey was broken by a stop at the house of Dr. Nelson’s parents, who, with their usual 19 THE HEATHER SOCIETY kindness, entertained us to an excellent meal. I am glad to have this opportunity of thanking them on behalf of us all for their hospitality and assure them of our warm appreciation. One by one our party’s numbers were reduced until, for the last evening, there were only five of us left in the neighbourhood of Dublin. Monday Final disperal. But Dr. Nelson had arranged for us, the French members of the party, an hour’s visit to the splendid Botanical Gardens of Dublin, where among the enormous number of plant species, all sorts of mature trees are growing, most tastefully planted and tended with the greatest care, witnesses to the great love of plants of all those who are responsible for the gardens. It has its own heather garden. Then Dr. Nelson, with the kindness and consideration which he had shown all along, accompanied us, the French members, to the Airport, where we took our leave of him, promising ourselves to meet again when the opportunity occurs, after thanking him most warmly for having made our stay in Ireland so enjoyable. I cannot finish these few reminiscences without say- ing to ail the members of our party, without exception, how much we enjoyed their company and _ their friendship. In conclusion let me say with what pleasure we shall remember this tour, in which all the arrangements were entirely beyond reproach. Eduard André was one of the best-known plantsmen of his day, but even Homer nods. On p 252 of his “Plantes de Terre de Bruyére”’ of 1864 he writes of hardy heathers ‘‘La premiere introduction fut Erica Daboeci, d Irlande (interesting whence it came, but the species grows also in his own country of France) en 1748. Presque a la méme époque suivait IE. arborea, de Madere (also a French native) ... En 1763 on apportait, des neiges de Spitzberg, (E. herbacea (which is 20 YEAR BOOK 1984 unknown even thousands of miles further south). Deux ans plus tard, l’ile de Minorque nous fournissait IE. mediterranea (which is another French native and does not grow on Minorca). Du Portugal, de 1768 a 1770, les E.scoparia . . ciliaris arrivérent (more natives! )’’. All the same, this is one of the very few works of that century to deal ;with hardy heathers at all. When it was published, André was 24. He died in 1911. Heather Gardens No 10. Regents Park. Maj.-Gen. P. G. Turpin, West Clandon, Surrey. Regents Park is one of the most interesting and romantic of the London Parks. The land was originally acquired and enclosed by Henry VIII as Marylebone Park, one of his many hunting-grounds. Under the Stuarts the land was split up and let to various noblemen as small holdings and pastures. The Prince Regent (later George IV), after whom the Park was given its present name, had grandiose plans for incorporating it in the development schemes, including Regency terraces and gateways, which he was planning with his architect, John Nash, at the beginning of the nineteenth century between 1812 and 1826. These plans were only partially completed. The Park was first opened to the public in 1835. Today Regents Park provides facilities for a wide range of interests. It is the home of the Zoological Gardens and the Islamic Cultural Centre, with its 21 THE HEATHER SOCIETY shining new mosque, which, with its copper-covered dome and minaret, was completed in 1977. There is an open-air theatre within the Inner Circle, where Shakespeare’s plays are performed. There is the Regent Canal and a large boating lake, athletics and sports grounds, Bedford College and Winfield House, the official residence of the United States Ambassador. The Royal Botanic Society had its home in the Inner Circle until 1932. The pride of the Inner Circle is Queen Mary’s Garden, the main feature of which is the famous Rose Garden. The British Rose Growers Association provided the original stocks of roses. The collection is kept up to date by regular planting of new varieties. Nearly 20 years ago the Park Superintendent of Regents Park, who was a heather enthusiast, decided to plant a heather border along the sunny side of the Rose Garden, on the right-hand side, as you enter Queen Mary’s Garden from York Gate and York Bridge. The border ran below the slopes of a mound which formed a good background, with evergreen trees and shrubs and a large clump of Pampas grass. The border was about 12 feet wide and some 40 or 50 yards long and contained a rich variety of different heathers, many of them foliage cultivars. Calluna, Erica carnea and E. x darleyensis, FE. cinerea, E. erigena and E. vagans were all repre- sented, as well as the tree heaths. Among the heathers there were a number of dwarf conifers. Alas, this heather garden is no more. Less than two years ago the heathers were dug up and all that remains are some of the conifers (no longer dwarf), the Pampas grass and one large clump of FE. erigena ‘W.T. Rackliff. Another, less well-known, heather garden has been created during the last few years next to the grounds of Winfield House, just inside the Outer Circle of the Park, opposite the Charlbert Street bridge over the canal, about a quarter of a mile from the Zoological Gardens. It is in the form of a narrow isosceles triangle with a base 55 yards wide and tapering to a point 155 yards from the base. The whole garden is just under an acre in extent. 22: YEAR BOOK 1984 At one end there is a small plaque, which reads:- “This wintergarden was made possible by a grant from MOBIL”. The cost of two thirds of the garden was covered by the grant, the balance coming from funds allocated to Regents Park. Work started in 1980 and the planting of the last beds was completed during the winter of 1982/1983. The garden consists of five large beds, which have been raised in the centre by the use of peat blocks, forming low terraces, so that the heathers can be seen easily from the paths on either side. The beds are separated from each other by grass paths which are kept neatly mown. At the wide end there is a grove of chestnut trees, from which the lower branches have been trimmed to admit more light. Under these trees shade-loving or shade-tolerant species have been planted: rhododendrons and azaleas, dwarf acers, mahonias, [lex x altaclerensis ‘Lawsoniana’ and others. One or two other trees have been left: three sorbuses, a holly, an acacia and a catalpa. New plantings include half a dozen silver birches with strikingly white bark (probably Betula jacquemontii), a trio of Thuja occidentalis ‘Rheingold’, yews, junipers (including Juniperus procumbens ‘Nana’), and other silver-and golden- leaved conifers, Pieris, Elaeagnus and Vaccinium. The heathers are a very good mixture of old favourites and recent introductions. Winter-flowering and summer-flowering species are interplanted to give colour throughout the year, and good use is made of foliage varieties such as E. cinerea ‘Golden Drop’, E. carnea ‘Aurea’ and ‘Foxhollow’ and Calluna ‘Gold Haze’ and ‘Silver Queen’. E. cinerea ‘My Love’ rubs shoulders with Calluna ‘My Dream’. E. terminalis is planted on top of the ridge to give greater height to the design. Calluna ‘County Wicklow’, “Kinlochruel’ and ‘Peter Sparkes’ provide a good selection of double-flowered cultivars and E. cinerea ‘Cevennes’, ‘P.S. Patrick’ and ‘Pink Ice’ are some of the Bell Heathers grown. E. tetralix ‘Alba Mollis’ and‘Con Underwood’ and Daboecia cantabrica ‘Hookstone Purple’ and f.alba and the _ hybrid, 23 THE HEATHER SOCIETY Daboecia x scotica ‘William Buchanan’ all help to add variety. The most recently planted section of the garden has not yet had time to mature, but the older parts give a very good indication of the overall impressive effect which the garden will have. Mr. Wellman, the gardener in charge of this area, has a great interest in the plants under his care. He has a number of pests to compete with: squirrels, rabbits and, sadly, misguided members of the human race, from whose destructive habits nothing is secure. Responsibility for the gardens in Regents Park lies with the Park Superintendent, Mr. David Castleton, while overall control of the Central London Parks is exercised by the Bailiff, Mr. Ashley Stephenson. Mr. Castleton’s predecessor, the late Mr. R.W. Legge, took a great interest in the creation of this heather garden in its initial stages. It is sad that he did not live long enough to see the garden grow to maturity. The Park is open daily from 05.00 until dusk. Cars may be left nearby in the Outer Circle. James Walker Porter of Carryduff E. Charles Nelson, National Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, Dublin Members of this society know the name Porter well, especially those who cultivate Erica x darleyensis - ‘Margaret Porter’, ‘Jenny Porter and *J.W. Porter enliven many a wintery garden. There is also Erica carnea ‘Eileen Porter’. However, nowhere in the annals of the Heather Society, nor in the published archives of horticulture will you find an account of the Porter tribe. This is an omission that I now wish to rectify, and I am enabled to do this thanks to the kind co-operation of Mrs. Eileen Porter and her daughter Mrs. Heather Dobbin. All those heathers, and a goodly number of other cultivars (see Appendix) were raised by James Walker Porter, a native of Ballaymacarett, a suburb of Belfast in 24 YEAR BOOK 1984 County Down, Northern Ireland. He was the son of John Henry Porter, and was born on Christmas Eve 1889, one of a family of twelve. Two of Walker’s sisters are commemorated in the hybrids ‘Jenny Porter’ and ‘Margaret Porter’. As a child he was called James or Jimmy, but he himself used Walker throughout his adult life. He was a keen student. In the 1910s he went to Dublin and studied in the Royal College of Science (now University College, Dublin). He was awarded a silver medal in 1912 for his work there. When the First World War broke out, he went to Arklow and worked for the munitions company, later moving to Manchester. About 1920, Porter returned to Belfast to work as an industrial chemist with the Ulster Linen Company ‘in York Street. In 1924 he was engaged as a part-time lecturer in the Belfast College of Technology; eventually he became a full-time lecturer in the Faculty of Applied Science, Queen’s University. J.W. Porter retired as senior lec- turer in chemical technology in 1955. He was a Fellow of the Royal College of Science in Ireland, and in 1936 was awarded an honorary degree (Master of Science) by the National University of Ireland. In December 1927, James Walker Porter married Eileen Gee. Their daughter was named Heather (now Mrs. Heather Dobbin). James Walker Porter died on 8th February 1963. Walker Porter’s work on heathers There is only a handful of published references to Porter's heather work. D. Fyfe Maxwell and P.S. Patrick (The English Heather Garden, 1966) quote several passages from correspondence between J.W. Porter and D.F. Maxwell (pp 48, 149, see also pp 88-9, 150). As far as I am aware, Walker Porter published only two short accounts giving information on his heathers. The first was a note, providing the history of ‘Eileen Porter’, that appeared in the Quarterly Bulletin of the Alpine Garden Society in 1957 (Vol. 25,pp 100-101. 25 THE HEATHER SOCIETY The second article was a general account of heather gardening, published in 1960 in the Ulster Garden Handbook (pp 43-7). This latter article contains some valuable information about Porter’s cultivars. The only other personal record is a 25 minute tape recording of J.W. Porter, made in June 1959 by Dr. C.W. Musgrave, his family doctor - a copy of this recording is now in my possession and the original is retained by Mrs. Porter. On this tape, Walker Porter speaks in general about heathers for the garden, and there are only very occasional mentions of cultivars. J.W. Porter began to cultivate heathers about 1920, when he returned to the north of Ireland. At first he seems to have grown only those cultivars that were generally available. But, on St.Patrick’s Day (March17) 1928, Eileen and Walker Porter were strolling on Collin Mountain, which lies to the west of Belfast city in County Antrim, when they spotted a coloured shoot on a partly burnt plant of Calluna vulgaris. The shoot was removed and rooted, and Porter named the plant ‘Saint Patrick’. When grown in shade the cultivar was a “dirty green’, but in full sun “‘itQwasja bright terracotta in spring and a terracotta red in winter’. The next discovery was Erica cinerea ‘Pure Gold’ which was found, according to Mrs. Porter, on Squire’s Hill, another of the hills that overlook the city of Belfast, about 10km north of Collin Mountain. Mrs. Porter was the first to spot this heather, and it looked just like its name. J.W. Porter dug the plant out carefully - although today he would be regarded as eccentric, he always carried a carving knife with him on trips into the country- side, as he found it was the most suitable implement for digging heathers out of the sinewy peat. No other cultivars of wild origin were collected and introduced by J.W. Porter, but his family often went on holiday to heathery places. If young Heather Porter complained that the moorland was not exciting, her mother would point out that “If you want to, you can enjoy a bog.” Porter had a passion for growing plants from seed - this is an affliction that often attacks keen plantsmen 26 YEAR BOOK 1984 with beneficial results for the rest of us! Undoubtedly this was the reason for the relatively large number of seedling heathers that gave rise to new cultivars in Porter's garden. He grew Pernettya mucronata from seed, as well as conifers and other shrubs. A fine red- flowered Escallonia, apparently introduced into commerce by Leslie Slinger of the Slieve Donard Nursery, Newcastle, County Down, is one of J.W. Porter’s plants. A small 7suga heterophylla, nearly thirty years old and still only 80 cm tall is another. But heathers were his first love. He gathered seeds from Erica species with great care, storing them in muslin bags until sowing time, and sowing them in a spe- cial lime-free compost in a west-facing cold frame. His own account of seed collecting is included in Maxwell and Patrick’s book (p 48). Porter’s garden contained many different species - Erica carnea, E. erigena, E. arborea and E. vagans to name but a few. E. carnea and E. erigena flowers were inspected daily to catch the precise moment when the seed was ripe, because the drooping flowers scattered their seeds very easily. Other species were harvested with equal care, but less urgency, as the seeds remained within the spent flowers. One of J.W. Porter’s first successes was a lovely winter heath that begins to bloom in October and blossoms until May. It is listed as E. carnea, but may be an hybrid between E. carnea and E. erigena (i.e. E. x darleyensis).* It was named after his wife Eileen, and is a fitting tribute to a delightful lady. The seedling was raised at Dundonald, in County Down, where the family were living in 1934, from seed collected from carnea ‘Praecox Rubra’. It flowered in 1936, and Porter sold layers to Maxwell and Beale in 1937 for £10 - this was reported in local newspapers. “Eileen Porter’ is sterile; it produces only minute quantities of pollen. (* J.W. Porter referred to this plant as Erica carnea ‘Eileen Porter’ in the Alpine Garden Society Bulletin, Vol. XXV, 1957, p 100. The idea that it may be an hybrid appears to have 2 THE HEATHER SOCIETY originated in The English Heather Garden by D.F. Maxwell and P.S. Patrick. On p 89 of that book appears the sentence “I suggest with some trepidation, that ‘Eileen Porter’ is acarnea x mediterranea (sic.) hybrid, leaning more towards carnea than the other parent”. Terry Underhill took this up on p 133 of Heaths and Heathers. Some of the reasons for regarding it as E. carnea are set out on p 45 of the 1979 Year Book, and to those may be added its lack of hybrid vigour and its great difficulty of propagation compared to EF. x darleyensis cultivars. Ed.) I have no doubt that this spurred Walker Porter to continue raising heathers from seed. Many unnamed seedlings were given away or sold, but he kept the best plants and named a few before his death in 1963. The first Erica x darleyensis cultivar was ‘W.G. Pine’ - I have been unable to ascertain who W.G. Pine was. According to Maxwell and Patrick (p 149), this was raised in 1943 - in 1966 the original plant was 120 cm in diameter and about 40 cm tall. This was not commercially available until after 1966. E. x darleyensis “Archie Graham’ was another of Porter’s cultivars, named for his friend, the one-time superinten- dent of Belfast Botanic Garden Park - I have no information about its introduction nor do I know when it was raised. Erica vagans ‘Catherine Graham’, mentioned in the Ulster Garden Handbook, was named after Archie Graham’s wife. Another E. vagans is mentioned in the Handbook; according to Porter it was a seventh generation seedling from ‘Mrs. D. F. Maxwell’ and was named after the raiser. It is likely that Calluna vulgaris ‘Saint Patrick’ was used as a seed parent for Porter named one other Cal/una with coloured foliage “Flame of Fire’. In the taped conversation, Walker Porter remarked that “there is a variety which I call Calluna vulgaris ““Folio Colorata” [sic] in other words it has coloured foliage, and I have a great range of these with the most marvellous colours of foliage. This foliage only starts at the beginning of the season, about March, April, May and then the colours gradually fade and merely 28 YEAR BOOK 1984 leave a tip of colour on each leaf.” I have already noted the various cultivars of Erica x darleyensis named for the Porters, but these were all introduced after Walker Porter’s death. Maxwell and Patrick noted that although ‘Jenny Porter’ had been selected and named, it was not on the market when that book was being written (before 1966). The others were selected from a series of cuttings sent by Mrs. Porter to John Letts in September 1963 at the request of P.S. Patrick. Walker Porter raised them at Carryduff - the tape recording provides a little more information, for he said that he had “‘a great number of hybrids between E. carnea and E. mediterranea _ |sic|’. The only other hybrids that he named were the enigmatic ‘Carryduff (a white-flowered cultivar that produced seeds, once at least in 1955 (see Quart. Bull. A.G.S., 1957)), ‘W.G. Pine’ and*John Wynne’. Of ‘John Wynne’, Porter wrote that he collected it at Hazlewood, near Sligo in 1938. It was growing in a Sheltered place on the demesne that once belonged to John Wynne, who reported E. erigena at Erris in County Mayo in 1836. The plant Porter selected was “of outstanding merit, producing large inflorescences with six to nine spikes 9 to 12 in. long and ultimately formed a shrub about 18 in. high’. Maxwell and Patrick (p 149) noted that the flowers, although very freely produced, were rather small, and purple with reddish-chocolate anthers. Eileen Porter’s heathers After her husband’s death, Mrs. Porter maintained a strong interest in heathers. She sent cuttings of selected and apparently un-named seedlings to J. F. Letts in September 1963. From these, Letts selected several cultivars of E. x darleyensis, and they were named, at Mrs. Porter’s request, after her late husband and his sister -‘J. W. Porter’ and ‘Margaret Porter’. In 1968 John Letts and Mrs. Valerie Proudley were on the Society’s Irish tour and, on learning that Mrs. Porter was about to sell her house, they afterwards visited the garden at Carryduff and took more cuttings. Their haul 29 THE HEATHER SOCIETY yielded the superb white-flowered E. erigena now called ‘Brian Proudley’. Mrs. Porter also resumed that fascinating task of hunting for heathers in the wild. About 1969, she gathered two dwarf heathers in County Donegal, near the fishing port of Killybegs. These were introduced by Peter Foley of Holden Clough Nurseries, Bolton by Bowland, Lancashire. Calluna vulgaris “Anne Dobbin’ is named for Mrs. Porter’s grand-daughter (the daughter of Mrs. Heather Dobbin), as is FE. cinerea ‘Little Anne. Conclusions James Walker and his wife were undoubtedly the most important heather gardeners in Ireland this century. Indeed, few other amateur heather-growers in the British Isles have produced so many good plants, and only a handful of people have deliberately raised plants from seed. Perhaps a few more heathers will come from the Porter Collection - there is a tree heather with coloured spring foliage that may be worth introducing. J. W. Porter tried to interest others in heather gardening. He was generous, giving away his seedlings. Every year he set up a display of heathers in the Ulster Museum in Belfast. He was motivated by a love of heathers and he dreamt that one day he would raise a white double-flowered variety of Erica terminalis. Acknowledgements I am grateful to David Small, Peter Foley, Philip Swindells, T. A. Julian and David McClintock for their assistance. My special thanks are due to Mrs. Eileen Porter and Mrs. Heather Dobbin for providing me with access to photographs and information. 30. YEAR BOOK 1984 APPENDIX I. Calluna vulgaris ‘Anne Dobbin’ (Year Book 1981, p 71) Dwarf with dark green foliage and profuse pink blossom. Found near Killybegs, Co. Donegal about 1969 by Mrs Eileen Porter, and named for her grand-daughter Anne Dobbin. Introduced by P. J. Foley (under the name ‘Minnie’), Holden Clough Nursery, Lancashire, and in his current catalogue, but not available from other nurseries. 2. Calluna vulgaris ‘Flame of Fire’ (U. G. H., 1960, p 46) “another class of Calluna has spring colouring only and one raised at Carryduff... . is true to its name.” Seedling raised by J. W. Porter and named by him. Not known to be in cultivation today and possibly never marketed commercially. 3. Calluna vulgaris ‘Saint Patrick’ (U. G. H., 1960, pp 44,46) Foliage terracotta in spring and terracotta red in winter. Found on Collin Mountain, west of Belfast, Co. Antrim, on 17th March 1928 (St. Patrick’s Day) by Mrand Mrs. J. W. Porter. Grown at Wisley Gardens in 1938, but not known to be in cultivation today. 4. Ericacarnea ‘Eileen Porter’ (AGS Bull. 1957, pp 100-101) Dwarf, with upright but erratic growth; foliage green, flowers heliotrope (H12) with cream sepals, blooming from October until May. Slow growing and difficult to propagate. Seedling raised by J. W. Porter at Dundonald, Co. Down, in 1934 from seed of E. carnea ‘Praecox Rubra’; sold layers to Maxwell and Beale in 1937, and listed in their catalogue for 1940. Named for Mrs Eileen Porter. Widely available today. 5. Erica cinerea ‘Little Anne’ (Year Book, 1981, p 73) Compact low plant with green foliage, very slow growing; flowers profusely with bright purple blossom which entirely smothers the plant. Difficult to propagate due to the paucity of leafy shoots. Found near Killybegs, Co. Donegal about 1969 by Mrs Eileen Porter and named for her grand-daughter, Anne Dobbin (cf. Calluna vulgaris ‘Anne Dobbin’) Introduced by P. J. Foley, Holden Clough Nursery, Lancashire, but that nursery lost all plants in the winter of 1981-2. Cuttings obtained by the author from Mrs Porter in 1983. 31 THE HEATHER SOCIETY 6. Erica cinerea ‘Pure Gold’ (U. G. H., 1960, p 44) Me: 8. Foliage bright golden yellow. Found by Mrs Porter on Squire’s Hill, west of Belfast, Co. Antrim about 1930, and named by J. W. Porter. (Porter statedin U.G.H. that it was collected at Collinward, about 2 km north of Squire’s Hill). Not known in cultivation today and perhaps never introduced commercially. Erica x darleyensis ‘Archie Graham’ (P. G., 1978, p 26) Plants about 50 cm tall, flowers pale lilac-pink, slightly darker than “Darley Dale’. Presumably a seedling raised by J. W. Porter as it is named after the one-time superintendent of Belfast Botanic Garden Park. Possibly at Hilliers before the war; an old plant discovered there in 1967 and subsequently marketed by them. Erica x darleyensis *Carryduff (AGS Bull., 1957, p 101) Flowers white. Seedling raised by J. W. Porter and recorded as being fer- tile (its progeny were vigorous and had coloured shoot tips, *....the main characteristic of these crosses - white to red leaf buds, the colour of which persist as a white or cream up on all the leaves’’.) Not known in cultivation today and probably never introduced commercially. 9. Erica x darleyensis “Jenny Porter’ (M. & P. p 149) Flowers pale lilac (H4) with dark, semi-exserted anthers. Shoot tips cream. Seedling raised by J. W. Porter and apparently named by him, after his sister. Introduced after 1966; appeared as a new introduction in catalogues of J. F. Letts and B. Proudley in 1970-1. Widely available today. Erica x darleyensis John Wynne’ ( M. & P. p 149) Plants to 50 cm tall, purple flowers in spikes up to 20 cm long, numerous and small. A chance seedling from Hazelwood, Co. Sligo, selected by J. W. Porter in 1938 and named by him for the early nineteenth century owner of the estate, John Wynne. Erica x darleyensis ‘}. W. Porter’ (Proudleys, 1974, p 138) Flowers sparse and pink (H8), foliage dark green with red tips in spring. Seedling raised by J. W. Porter at Carryduff. Selected and introduced after Porter’s death from cuttings obtained in his garden; appeared as new introduction in catalogues of J. F. Letts and B. Proudley in 1970-1. Widely available today. 32 YEAR BOOK 1984 12. Erica x darleyensis ‘Margaret Porter’ (Proudleys, 1974, p 138) Plants to 25 cm tall, with green foliage, profuse blossoms, shell pink (H16). Seedling raised by J. W. Porter at Carryduff, and named after his sister (cf. E. x darleyensis ‘Jenny Porter’). Selected and introduced after Porter’s death from cuttings obtained in his garden; appeared as new introduction in catalogues of J. F. Letts and B. Proudley in 1970-1. Widely available today. 13. Erica x darleyensis ‘W. G. Pine’ (M. & P., p 149) Plants to 40 cm tall, very floriferous, with rosy-purple flowers. Young shoots with red tips. Seedling raised by J. W. Porter in 1943, the first hybrid he produced. The person commemorated in the name is not known. Introduced after 1966, and now very rare in cultivation; in the Dutch nursery of Esveld in 1983 (listed in acknowledged error as E. erigena). 14. Erica erigena ‘Brian Proudley’ (Year Book, 1979, p 48) Plant to 120 cm tall, with green foliage; shoots erect and vigorous, flowers in long (to 35 cm) spikes; white. Blooms from October to May. Possibly a seedling raised by J. W. Porter; selected from the Porter garden at Carrydutt in 1968 by John Letts and Valerie Proudley. Grown by Brian Proudley and sold originally as E. erigena f. alba (c. 1975). Recognised as a distinct plant by A. W. Jones and named by him in 1978 after Brian Proudley. Widely available today. 15. Erica vagans ‘Catherine Graham’ (U. G. H., 1960, p 45) Flowers a soft glowing pink. One of two seedlings raised at Carryduff by J. W. Porter before 1960, and named by him for Mrs A. Graham (cf. E. x darleyensis ‘Archie Graham’). Not known to be in cultivation today, and probably never introduced commercially. 16. Erica vagans ‘J. W. Porter’ (U. G. H., 1960, p 36) Flowers Bengal Rose (HCC 25/2) A seedling (“‘a seventh generation from E. vagans ‘Mrs D. F. Maxwell’ ’’) raised by J. W. Porter before 1960, and named after the raiser. Not now in cultivation today, and perhaps never introduced commercially. There are three other heathers with Porter epithets. E. carnea 33 THE HEATHER SOCIETY ‘Porter's Red’ was known in America by 1972 and cuttings were sent to England in 1983. LE. x darlevenis “C. J. Porter’ is listed in Foley’s 1983 catalogue along with’ J. W. Porter’ having been obtaind in the late 1960's or early 1970°s trom Dr. W. J. Lead of Nottingham. It is described as having bright red spring growth and may be incorrectly named, since Dr. Lead had sent only “J. W. Porter’. Daboecia cantabrica ‘Porter’s Variety’ is not associated with James Walker Porter, nor with G. P. Porter the alpine gardener. It has been in cultivation for at least thirty years and may have been named for the late Mr Porter, Managing Director of W. H. Rogers Ltd, Eastleigh, Hampshire. It was not however introduced by that firm (D. McClintock in litt.) Abbreviated references AGS Bull. - Quarterly Bulletin of the Alpine Garden Society. M. & P. - The English Heather Garden, D. Fyfe Max- well and P. S. Patrick, 1966 P. G. - Pocket Guide to Heather Gardening, G. Yates, 4th Edn, 1978 Proudleys - Heathers in Colour, Brian and Valerie Proudley, 1974 U. G. H. - Ulster Garden Handbook, 1960. Year Book - Year Book of the Heather Society Pestaloptiopsis quepini David Edge, Woodlands, Dorset. This disease can be identified by infected brown areas, usually found at the tips of young growth. This browning progresses down the stem resulting in death of foliage at the centre of the plant. The spread of the disease is favoured by high temperatures and humidities. These conditions are to be found in propagation units and under protected growing structures /.e. greenhouses and polythene tunnels. During periods when the conditions are unsuitable for its spread, the disease is thought to survive for many months on stem tissue without showing symptoms. Where infected material is used for cuttings, these may drop their leaves and fail to root. The cutting 34 YEAR BOOK 1984 wound, leaf scars or the wound of trimmed foliage may become infected by spores originating from dead infected plant material i.e. leaves and stems on the soil surface. Control Avoid high temperatures and humidities under glass or polythene. Dense spacing will increase the risk of disease spread. Remove fallen leaves on a regular basis. When watering avoid a heavy coarse application which may cause spores to be splashed from the soil surface on to young growth. A regular fungicide programme will assist in controlling any disease infection. High volume sprays of Benlate (Benomyl) 100g per 100 litres at two to three week intervals have been used although no label recom- mendations exist at present. It is my experience that certain cultivars are more susceptible than others. Bearing this in mind, we have decided to cease production of Calluna °‘Golden Feather and C. ‘Serlei Aurea’. Other cultivars that we grow which appear to be susceptible but to a lesser extent are Calluna ‘Bonfire Brilliance’, Erica carnea ‘Lesley Sparkes’ and FE. x darleyensis ‘Jack H. Brummage’. I wish to express my grateful thanks to Mr. John Ogier, Horticultural Advisory Officer (A.D.A.S.) for his assistance in the writing of this brief article. Catluna ‘Darleyensis’ and ‘Penhale’ David McClintock, Platt, Kent. In the 1979 Year Book, p 29, I wrote of ‘Penhale’ “I do not remember seeing this plant, and certainly have no herbarium specimen’’, and added later “Penhale’ may not be representative of Calluna f. brachysepala subf. densa’’. The two plants came out in the same year, 1926, one from Darley Dale, the other from Cornwall. But now I have seen several specimens of both, it is clear that they 35 THE HEATHER SOCIETY differ, chiefly in the flowers. ‘Darleyensis’ has them up to 4 mm long, with the sepals much the same length as the corolla; ‘Penhale’ has them not over 3.5 mm, usually smaller, with the sepals normally longer than the corolla. “Darleyensis’ also has more of its larger flowers, giving a fuller, richer effect, in contrast to the sparser, thinner inflorescence of ‘Penhale’s smaller ones. ‘Darleyensis’ grows taller too, although neither plant is large. The details on pages 10 and 15 of the Harlow Car report bear this out. For some time Beijerinck’s subform densa of J. Jansen’s form brachysepala was turned, illegally, into a cultivar name as ‘Brachysepala Densa’ (the identical error was perpetrated when ‘Sister Anne’ was ousted for a while by its botanical classification, var. hirsuta f. compressa). Those with a smattering of Greek will know that Jansen’s name means with short sepals: in fact his description of it, in 1935, runs “Calyx corollae aequilonga vel brevior’ (Calyx of equal length to the corolla or shorter), and the sepals, calyx, of ‘Darleyensis’ fit the former adjective. Of densa Beijerinck wrote; in 1937 *‘Planta habitu densa, humilis, circiter | - 3 dm alta, floribus saepe partim deformis”’ (Plants of dense habit, low growing, around [0 to 30 cm tall, with flowers often partly deformed). It depends on what one means by ‘“‘deformed”’, but those specimens I have seen do not have them markedly deformed. Nevertheless, this is the botanical category where Beijerinck put ‘Darleyensis’. His sheets of brachysepala at Kew are dated 8 and 11 September 1935, and there is a scrap from Jansen dated 15th September 1927. As suggested by Gen. Turpin, “Penhale’ fits under Beierinck’s F. parviflora of 1937 - *Flores minuti Calycis laciniae 2 - 3 mm longae (which he later extended to “‘at the utmost 4 mm long’’), corolla calyce brevior. Folia vix 1 mm longa. Planta humilis, ad circiter 2 dm alta” (Flowers very small... divisions of the calyx 2 - 3 mm long. Corolla shorter than the calyx. Leaves 36 YEAR BOOK 1984 scarcely | mm long. Plant low growing, to around 20 cm tall). The leaves of “Penhale’ are perhaps smaller than those of ‘Darleyensis’, but the difference is minimal. There are two sheets at Kew from Beijerinck of his form, dated 15 August and 16 September 1935, which have flowers 2 - 2.4 mm long. In 1983, Gen. Turpin had *Penhale’ with its corolla equalling its sepals. These ‘wo forms are illustrated on Plate VI of Beijerinck’s monograph Calluna of 1940, where there are photogr29ns of the inflorescences of both, side by side. I am grateful to Miss Susyn Andrews of Kew and to Gen. Turpin for help with this note. Late-Flowering Callunas Mayj.-Gen. P. G. Turpin, West Clandon, Surrey The late-flowering Callunas make a very useful contribution to the Heather Garden because they not only extend the summer flowering period into the winter months, but they also bridge the gap between the end of the normal season of the summer and autumn flowering Species and the winter heathers. The named cultivars of these Callunas fall into two groups: those which have the normal form of foliage and flowers and only differ from other varieties in the lateness of their flowering; and a second group which belongs to the form multi-bracteata, a name first given and described by Johannes Jansen in 1935. This is a form which he had previously - in 1927 - called - "Omnium Sanctorum” (All Saints), referring to the date of flowering, All Saints Day, the Ist of November. His description runs:- ‘““Ramuli breves inflorescentiarum racemiformium flore singulo terminali bractearum paribus 3 - 32 (vel etiam pluribus) decussatis et condensatis suffulto.”’ ‘Short branchlets of racemose inflorescences with a single terminal flower supported by 3 - 32 (or even more) pairs of decussate and densely- packed bracts.” 37 THE HEATHER SOCIETY Battle of Arnhem’ is a good example of this form. The multibracteate group of cultivars are, as a rule, the latest to open their flowers. In unfavourable weather conditions the buds may not open at all. Named cultivars which belong to this group are:- ‘“Durfordir (syn. ‘Hyemalis Southcote’), “St. Nick’, “Autumn Glow’, ‘Hershey's Late’, ‘Bronze Beauty’, “Battle of Arnhem’ and ‘Jan’. The multibracteate forms seldom open their buds much before the second half of November, although the terminal buds often show colour much earlier. It is unusual for all the buds on a plant to open. Those that do, remain open for a long time before withering, mainly because they are seldom fertilised. It is interesting to observe the way in which the buds form at the tips of the leafy stems, from the initial stage, when the first signs of colouration appear, until the complete flower bud has developed. Some of these multibracteate cultivars tend to show variations in the calyx and the corolla. Late flowering cultivars in the first group are:- ‘Hibernica, “E. F. Brown’, ‘Johnson’s Variety’, ‘Hiemalis’, ‘Finale’ (Syn. *‘Sunningdale’), *‘Walter Ingwersen’ and “Olive Cowan’. Most of these have finished flowering before the end of November. In most years they are in full flower for about five or six weeks. The first two of these late-flowering heathers to be named were ‘Johnson’s Variety and ‘Walter Ingwersen’. The former was found by A. T. Johnson in the early 1920s near Hyéres in southern France, where it was flowering in January and February. At first he called it “Hiemalis’, the botanical epithet which had previously been used to describe winter-flowering forms. When other late-flowering plants were introduced from Ireland under the same name, his clone was distinguished from the others by the cultivar name ‘Johnson's Variety’. He described it as being “a soft rosy mauve’, which matches “‘H 8” on the Heather Society’s colour chart. The cultivar which now carries the name ‘Hiemalis’ is a taller, more straggly plant with a slightly earlier flowering period and with darker-coloured flowers (““H_ 1”°). 38 YEAR BOOK 1984 ‘Walter Ingwersen’ was discovered by Mr. W.E. Th.Ingwersen in Portugal in 1928. Apart from being a late-flowering variety, its chief characteristic is the length of its elegant racemes of pale lilac flowers, which may be as much as 18 inches long. It was, at first, called ‘Elegantissima’, but this name had already been given to another cultivar, which had white flowers, so it was changed to ‘Elegantissima Walter Ingwersen’ and later to ‘Waiter Ingwersen’ (see Year Book of the Heather Society, 1980, p 43). The flower colour is ““H 2”. ‘Hibernica’ is a neat, compact plant with flowers intermediate in colour between “Johnson’s Variety’ and “Walter Ingwersen’ (“H 2/H 8’’). It flowers somewhat earlier than the other cultivars and has usually finished flowering by mid-November. ‘E.F. Brown’, which was discovered in Germany before 1966, when well-grown is a very fine late- flowering variety, with characteristics similar to ‘Johnson’s Variety’. Its flower colour is ““H 2” and the flowering spikes are close-packed with flowers all along the main stem and the numerous side-shoots. ‘Finale’ was found by J.F. Letts on Sunningdale golf course and was first called ‘Sunningdale’, but later changed to ‘Finale’. In colour it is the same as ‘Hiemalis’ - “H 1” - but its habit is more compact and less straggling. The last of this group is “Olive Cowan’, a good late- flowering cultivar, named by the late J.W. Archer after Mrs. Cowan, of Moor Park, near Farnham, in whose garden it appeared as a seedling. It differs from the other cultivars in having grey hirsute foliage. It has a neat upright habit and the flowers are ““H 2”’, with perhaps a touch of ““H 3”. The combination of mauve and silver- grey iS most attractive. Of the multibracteate forms ‘Durfordii’, which was found on heathland in Durford Wood north of Petersfield, has also been called ‘Hyemalis Southcote’ after Dr. Ronald Gray’s house at Hindhead. During much of the year the foliage has a striking purple-green colour. Owing to its late flowering season it is often not very floriferous. 39 THE HEATHER SOCIETY Four of the cultivars in this group originated in the United States: ‘Autumn Glow’, ‘St.Nick’, ‘Bronze Beauty’ and ‘Hershey’s Late’. The first two are rather similar; they are low-growing, spreading plants which make good ground-cover. The buds seldom open before December and consequently often fall victims to the weather. ‘St.Nick’ appeared as a seedling in Mrs. D. Metheny’s garden in Seattle and was first noticed in flower in January 1962. Mrs. Metheny also introduced “Autumn Glow’, which was raised in the University of Washington Arboretum, Seattle, from cutting material labelled “Mrs. Ronald Gray’. ‘Bronze Beauty’ (Syn. “Black Beauty’) derived from a seedling in the garden of the late Mrs. Esther Deutsch on Long Island, before 1969, and ‘Hershey's Late’ originated in Pennsylvania. Neither of these is well- known or widely grown in Great Britain. ‘Battle of Arnhem’ was one of a batch of Callunas which Dr. Ir. T. Visser of Wageningen found on the Ginkelse Heide between Ede and Arnhem and introduced through the firm of W. Haalboom of Driebergen in 1972. It is a vigorous plant which flowers in October and November with single florets at the tips of short side-shoots all along the main stem. The foliage sometimes adopts an attractive bronze colour. Finally, the latest to flower in this group is ‘Jan’, which starts to open its buds in November and often continues in flower almost to the end of February. In 1983 it broke all records by producing flowers as late as the 25th of May, almost competing with the early- flowering cultivars. It was found in flower in the middle of January by Mrs. Janet Longstaffe on Crowborough Heath during the 1970s. Like most of the multibracteate cultivars the flower colour 1s **H 2”. ‘Jan’ also belongs to the sub-form polysepala, in which the calyx sometimes consists of more than the normal four sepals. These late-flowering Callunas may not be as spectacular as some of the summer-flowering varieties, but their special characteristics give them an added interest and make them very useful additions to any garden. 40 YEAR BOOK 1984 Dabeoc - A Saint and his Heather E. Charles Nelson, National Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, Dublin In the summer of 1700 , the Welsh antiquarian and naturalist, Edward Lhuyd, trudged the backroads of western Ireland in search of curiosities. He collected plants and made numerous observations. Somewhere in Connaught, between. Westport and Galway, he collected a heather with “large Thyme-leaves a Spike of fair purple Flowers like some Campanula, and viscous stalks’. He recorded that it was so common “‘that the people have given it the name of Frych Dabeog i.(e.) Erica Dabeoci’’. Lhuyd brought some dried specimens to England and these were seen by John Ray and James Petiver. Ray described the heath in his Historia Plantarum in 1704, and used the name that Lhuyd had recorded, in the Latin form, Erica S. Dabeoci Hibernis. James Petiver provided a fine drawing of the plant in the 6th ““decade”’ of his work Gazophylacii Naturae about the same time. Decades later, in 1762, William Hudson noted the same heather in the first edition of Flora Anglica, listing it as a species of Vaccinium (V. cantabricum) taking up a name used by Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, in the third edition (1719) of his /nstitutiones Rei Herbariate, Erica cantabrica flore maximo. The extended phrase name was also employed in the third edition of Ray’s Synopsis methodica stirpium Britannicarum (1724) and in the first Irish flora, Synopsis stirpium Hiber- nicarum (1726), by Caleb Threlkeld, Cantabrica refers, of course, to the Cantabrian Mountains of N. Spain, where it grows plentifully. 41 THE HEATHER SOCIETY In 1762 the Swedish botanist Car! Linnaeus gave the heather one of his recently devised binomials. He called it Frica daboecit, and thereby hangs this tale. Today the heather is named Daboecia cantabrica, St. Daboec’s heath. Dabeoc the Saint Who was Dabeoc, the man who is the patron of this lovely heather? It is a question that has been asked many times, but it has been answered only in David McClintock's Companion to Flowers of 1966, p 52. However, there is more to add. The fullest answer can be obtained only by careful search through the annals of the Irish saints, and I summarise here the entry for Dabeoc that appears in the Revd. J. O'Hanlon’s Lives of the [rish saints, a massive piece of Victorian scholarship. However, [ also obtained valuable material from a littke known work by Robert Lloyd Praeger. In A populous solitude (1941) which was a Sequel to The way that I went, Praeger devoted almost six pages to the saint and to the origin of his strange name; this was paraphrased by J. R. Sealy in a footnote to the plate of Daboecia azorica published in Curtis's Botanical Magazine (tab. 46 n.s.) The name Dabeoc (or Dabheoc, Davoc) is a diminutive and appears in_ several early Irish manuscripts. It is the same name as Beoaedh, which is a compound of Beo and Aed, meaning “live Aed”. This could be mutated Beo-Aed became Beoan or Beooc (Beoc). To the form Beoc may be added Mo (meaning my) or Do (meaning thy), giving Mobeoc (My Beo-Aed) and Dabeoc (Thy Beo-Aed). These derivations are ably set out by Dr. Kathleen Mulchrone in Praeger’s book. This does not answer the question - who was Dabeoc? Several Dabeocs, Mobeocs, Beoaedhs and 42 YEAR BOOK 1984 Aeds are mentioned in Irish texts, and Dr. Mulchrone thought that the most likely patron of the heather was Beo-Aed, bishop of Ard Carna in County Roscommon. She suggested this because his church was situated nearest to the places in western Ireland where the heather grows. Beo-Aed of Ard Carna was renowned for his hospitality. His festal day is 8th March. Praeger thought that this suggestion was unaccept- able. He believed that the ‘old’ botanists, English and foreign, would have known nothing of the Roscommon bishop, but that they would have known about Dabeoc of Lough Derg. Much more is known about this saint, although the information available is still very scanty and confused, which is not surprising as he was alive as long ago as the fifth century. The genealogy of Dabeoc of Lough Derg is complicated. One source stated that he was the youngest of ten saintly sons of Brecan, who ruled over land in Wales (and who gave his name to Brecon). Dabeoc’s grandfather was an Irish prince called Bracha, who was in turn the grandson of Caelbadh, King of Ireland (siain in 357AD). According to the family tree, Dabeoc had Irish, Saxon and Welsh blood, and O’Hanlon suggested that by race if not birth he was ““Cambro-British’’. Another source recorded that Dabeoc was the son of Luainim, a grandson of Dibracha of the race of Dichuo who was one of St. Patrick’s first Irish converts. Whatever may be the true story, Dabeoc probably lived about the end of the fifth century and the beginning of the sixth. He was an important figure in the early Celtic Church, and founded a monastery on an island in the remote Donegal lake, Lough Derg. St. Patrick, according to legend, visited this lake, and in a cave on an island had a vision of the Otherworld, of Purgatory. It was on this venerated island, that Dabeoc established his church. He died in 516 AD and tradition says he was buried on Saint’s Island in Lough Derg. By the Middle Ages, Lough Derg had become one of the most important pilgrimage sites in the whole of Christendom. It was a place of great mystery, and the terrifying legends about the cave on the island, its 43 THE HEATHER SOCIETY demons and agonies, made Ireland the home of one of the wonders of the world, the inspiration for Dante’s Inferno. Today, St. Patrick’s Purgatory remains a place of penitential pilgrimage for devout Roman Catholics. St. Dabeoc is still closely associated with Lough Derg, and according to O’Hanlon he has three festal days, Ist January, 24th July and 16th December. Dabeocia or Daboecia How this Donegal saint beame the patron of the heather is not known, and it is not even possible to speculate, but the association 1s now entrenched in the Latin generic name. But, we may ask why, when Dabeoc’s name is carefully derived and is invariably spelled with o following e, we must use Daboecia as the name of the genus. Cari Linnaeus did not include this plant in the first edition of his fundamental work Species plantarum (1753), but he did include it in the second edition (1762). He classified the heather as a species of Evica, and gave it the specific epithet daboecii. A few lines lower down, he listed the oid names including Erica s., Dabeci hibernis. Even if the first version is accepted as a deliberate transposition of the vowels, the latter is an undoubted error. At that time Linnaeus obviously had not seen the plant, but he received a specimen from Peter Collinson in September 1765 - Collinson wrote enclosing “specimen of the Erica Cantabrica &c, now in flower in my garden, which was raised from seed sent me last year from Spain. It is an elegant plant, and makes a pretty show’. Two months later, in a letter to the Irish naturalist John Ellis, Linnaeus wrote that “Erica Dabeoci was sent by Peter Collinson; a fine specimen which much delighted me. It is truly an Erica, though so unlike: the test'/,>Ins this letter eimnaeus (did suse the correct spelling of the name. As long ago as 1791, Sir James Smith stated in English Botany (tab. 35) that the trivial name used in Species plantarum “has been corruptly taken” from Ray's Historia. Ad YEAR BOOK 1984 In 1827, Richard Duppa, in a letter to Smith, aSked: ** Some where or other, I have met with the assertion that there was but one heath indigenous to Ireland and that is now removed to the genus Daboecia. My question is, whether, of the four species of English Heath any one is found wild in Ireland. I have got into a dispute on that point & I cannot find my difficulty solved in any book I have on the subject of Botany, & also if our English heathers are not found in Ireland whether the bogs of Ireland are composed of the roots of Daboecia, the Salix herbacea, or what?” No-one has yet discovered where Richard Duppa picked up the name Daboecia (with reversed vowels), for it was not formally published by David Don until 1834. When Don gave the genus its current name he used the spelling Daboecia: o followed by e. Since 1834, not everyone has followed Don’s spell- ing. A quick glance through Irish floras shows that most authors up to 1945 followed the spelling of Dabeoc and used Dabeocia - even the first edition of D. A. Webb’s An Irish Flora in 1943 adopted the altered torm: e followed by o. C. Koch had used the spelling Dabeocia nia ek Zs What is the present situation? Praeger lamented that the misspelt generic name had to stand because of the rules of nomenclature, but he said that even “if we cannot make the Latin name right, we certainly have no justification for making the English name wrong |1.e. St. Daboec sheath): ..~. the plant remains “St. Daboec’s heath’. The matter of the reversed vowels has been debated several times. Professor Charles Babington fumed against the proposal to enforce the rule of priority in a rigid manner. “I do not see why’’, he wrote, “Dabeocia should be changed into Daboecia because Don’s printer made a not unnatural blunder and he did not discover it when correcting the press. Palpable errors should certainly be corrected, especially in terms derived from the names of persons such as this is. St. Dabeoc is a well-known person: who ever heard of Daboec?’ Daydon Jackson responded in defence of Don 45 THE HEATHER SOCIETY - *“‘any mistake in spelling must be attributed to Linnaeus, who successively wrote Dabeci and Daboeci, retaining the latter spelling, and we therefore are not warranted in ascribing carelessness in proof-reading to Don, who clearly meant the name to stand as he wrote it. For my part I know nothing of St. Dabeoc, save in connection with this plant’. The rules of nomenclature state that “‘the original spelling of a name or epithet is to be retained, except for the correction of typographic or orthographic errors’’. The rules also state that the liberty of correcting a name is to be used with reserve. Where does Dabeocia/ Daboecia fall within these rules? It is an orthographic error. There is no evidence that Linnaeus deliberately reversed the vowels; indeed he was utterly inconsistent in his spelling of the name. There are precedents for correcting the spelling of generic names - for example Buginvillaea was the original form of the name now spelled Bougainvillea. On the whole, I see no good reason for retaining the incorrect spelling of the generic name of St. Dabeoc’s heath. Daboecias with erect flowers David McClintock, Platt, Kent Have these failed to get noticed before? I can trace no other records. I do know that when Herman Blum told us on 27 August that we were quite close to the original plant in his garden in Holland, we all walked past it. He indeed was the first to spot this aberration, but by coincidence it was seen in Ireland shortly after in the same summer of 1983. It seems to merit botanical recognition and, to give credit where credit is due (for much else too), I propose to call it f. blumii. The requisite technicalities are given below. The occurrences of this form, all single plants and all in 1983, are:- 25 July. Steenwijkerwold, Holland, fls white. No. 831. H. Blum. 46 YEAR BOOK 1984 1 Sept. NW shore of L. Sheedagh, near Carna, Connemara, Ireland, fls pale purple. D. Small. 4 Sept. Steenwijkerwold, fls white. No. 8319. H. Blum. 5 Sept. Steenwijkerwold, fls lilac. No. 8318. H. Blum. 14 Sept. Steenwijkerwold, fls purple. No. 8324. H. Blum. Those in the garden of De Voorzienigheid at Steen- wikerwold were within | - 2 m of each other, suggesting some recent genetic influence. Cuttings retain the erect flowers. The fruits are also erect, but this is normal in this species, genus indeed. Daboecia cantabrica (Huds.) C. Kochfblumii mihi dit- fert a typo tioribus errectis, non pendentibus, purpureis vel albis. Holotypus in Herb. British Museum ex garden at De Voorzienigheid, Steenwijkerwold, Holland, 20 August 1983, coll. H.M.J. Blum. Fasciated Heathers David McClintock, Platt, Kent Fasciation is when stems or shoots grow joined together, broadened and flattened with often crested or other contortions as well. Its cause is still a riddle. Well- known examples are Celosia argentea ‘Cristata’, Salix sachalinensis ‘Sekka and Sedum _ reflexum ‘Cristatum’. Until three years ago, the only instance I knew of among heathers came from Dr. W. Beijerinck. In 1937 he published the name fasciata for a subform of f. decumbens of Calluna vulgaris, based on one plant found by J. Jansen of Malden, near Nijmegen in 1928. He gives a photograph of it on Plate IV (4) of his 1940 monograph Calluna. Of this plant he wrote that at first it showed fine fasciation, but then for some years none appeared. In 1934 it was transplanted, whereupon it produced a number of fasciated stems. Cuttings from these only kept 47 THE HEATHER SOCIETY the fasciated character. Technically, such a freak should not have been given botanical rank, being caused by an outside agency. The state is only extremely rarely genetic, but can usually be propagated vegetatively. The next I heard of such a heather was in September 1979, when Gen. and Mrs. Turpin found on the Goonhilly Downs at the Lizard, a plant of Erica x watsoniil, with a good part of its stems fasciated. Cuttings taken from the plant maintained this character, and specimens of this remarkable variation were shown at the RHS on | 2th October 1982 and 9th August 1983. Another peculiarity of this plant was that the number of stamens was very variable - from 7 to 13, instead of the normal 8. Then in 1983 I came across a reference I had overlooked, and Gen. Turpin noticed it too. It was a brief mention in an article by that same J. Jansen, in de Levende Natuur in 1928, in which he mentioned that he had found two such plants near Middelaar, which is south of Nijmegen. One wonders if one of these was Beierinck’s?. But the inference is that they were found in 1926. Finally, also in 1983, Kurt Kramer told me that his friend, the nurseryman H. Hatje had fasciated E. tetralix ‘Foxhome’ and ‘Con Underwood’. Kurt has taken cuttings. No doubt this distortion has occurred elsewhere. Have other members come across it? Erica cinerea vat.rendlei- a correction David McClintock, Platt, Kent On page 189 of The plantsman for December 1980, I wrote that E. cinerea var. rendlei “lacks any corolla or generative parts”’. 1 AG Our ever-watchful Chairman examined his plant of this aberration (from Mrs. Maginess - are any others in cultivation?) and found, hidden among the tufts of reddish terminal leaves, an ovary and a distorted Style. 48 YEAR BOOK 1984 Indeed, when Dr. Rendle was describing the plant that was named after him 18 years later, he wrote “At the apex of the bud was a pistil, hidden by the tips of the leaves immediately below it” (Journal of Botany, 1909: 437). “Hidden” is the mot juste. in contrast to var. Kruessmanniana, and especially its subvar. depauperata, where it is not hard to discern, but which can otherwise resemble var. rendlei. An early reference to what may have been the same oddity was made by M. Maxime Cornu to the Botanical Society of France on 14 November 1879. He ended his two-page dissertation with “Au point de vue pratique et horticulturale, il semble qu’ un varieté de cette nature aurait une certaine valeur ornamentale’’, an unusual line of thought in those days. Book Review Webb, D. A. and Scannell, M_J.P. Flora of Connemara and the Burren Cambridge University Press, 1983, £35. This admirable and attractive publication covers two world-famous areas, in one of which four of our special heathers grow. There are colour photographs of Daboecia and of Erica mackaiana, neither with quite the right colour, anda black and white with two contrasting stems of the latter and E. fetralix. Surprisingly in a text written by two authors who have Specialised in heathers, there are minor slips in this account of them; and one regrets the inclusion of the unsatisfactory record of E. x watsonii. All the same, this is a fine work and strongly recommended, even for those who may not yet be visiting Ireland. D. McC. 49 THE HEATHER SOCIETY Heather Cultivars from Cornwall A. W. Jones, West Camel, Somerset. Despite the title of this article I should like to begin with some brief notes on the wild heathers of Cornwall, since it is these that have given rise to much of the diversity that is evident in the lists of cultivars that follow. Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea and E. tetralix are abundant in the county, as they are in most suitable counties in Britain. However, FE. vagans grows wild in these islands only in Cornwall, and at one site in County Fermanagh, Ulster (1,2). In Cornwall, save for one colony on the hedge banks in a lane near Angarrack (3), a mile or so NE of Hayle, it is restricted to the Lizard Peninsula, where it is the dominant plant in some areas. In 1670 John Ray (4) described this “Juniper or Fir- leaved Heath.... By the wayside going from Helston to the Lezard Point 1a Csrnwall’’. Its rare hybrid with E. tetralix, E. x williamsiit (3, 5), has only ever been recorded from the Lizard. It is now “on all hands acknowledged”’ that the first record of E. ciliaris in Britain came from Cornwall in 1828 when it was *“‘Sent from a bog near Truro by the Rev. J. S. Tozer to Dr Greville” (6). In 1831, W. J. Hooker (7), then Professor of Botany at Glasgow, wrote The credit, therefore, of discovering this very beautiful species of Heath, and first making it known to the Botanical world as a native of England, is due to my excellent friend the Rev. J. S. Tozer of Truro, Cornwall, a most zealous, accurate, and fortunate botanist, who found it growing in tolerable abundance in boggy (never in dry) situations around the place of his residence*. So *Hooker’s footnote reads ‘“‘In several spots in the neighbourhood of Truro, but most plentifully and most luxuriantly at East Croft’. The name East Croft is no longer used, but Gen. Turpin tells me it is shown on a map of 1829 about a mile and a half N of Carrine Common. The heather no longer grows there, nor does it at Carclew, but it is still to be found in the parish of St. 50 K. H. (Ken) Farrah Administrator of the Heather Society Wy Yy UY, Mr. and Mrs. J.W. Porter and their daughter Heather (1941) Yj ee Yj yyy Y ~~ o N er) q & S o g Ss a S = ed ie) ~ ie) a=) Q —_ = o =) © at Sol o = ® > n co) g ® i) “LV GL Ul JynpAareDg 01 SUIAOUW sIOJOQ oAOY PaAT] Aj[IuIey ot], “pester sem AVICT UdIIID, VDAUIDI DIA sABUM pyeuopuNnG j3e Uspses S.190110g 9UL Yy YY j A cottage thatched with heather, part of the exhibit by Torbay Borough Council that won a gold medal at the 1983 Chelsea Flower Show. Photo by Mr. D.J.T. Mayne ir party of 1983 at Carna. Photo by Mr. D. McLaughlin Members of the Irish tou YEAR BOOK 1984 Agnes (and at several other sites in Cornwall). striking a plant could not have escaped the observation of other gentlemen residing in Cornwall; and Mr. Dillwyn has been so obliging as to communicate two other stations for the plant, which have been long known to Sir Charles Lemon; namely. ‘on a heath at Carclew. near Penryn, abundantly, and also on a heath in the parish of St. Agnes, in the north-west of the county” In 1849 H. C. Watson (8) gave a somewhat different account of how E. ciliaris came to be included in the British flora - “some twenty years ago, when it was sent to Sir W. J. Hooker instead of E. Vagans. by the late Rev. J. Tozer, who had been applied to for the latter, and consequently looked out for some Erica different from Tetralix and Cinerea”’. It was that same Hewett Cottrell Watson who in 1831 first found ““between Truro and Sparnick tunnel” on the site now called Carrine Common, the hybrid E. x watsonii. He wrote (8) “The curiously intermediate links between this and E. Tetralix, one of which is described by Bentham as a variety (“ Watsoni’, DC Prodr.) (8a) of E. Ciliaris, are probably hybrid varieties. At one end of the series, they are barely distinguishable from E. Tetralix, by the slightly larger and ventricose corollas; while at the opposite extremity, they pass into E. Ciliaris almost imperceptibly. ... | found numerous plants, and thus obtained a series of forms, on a heath near Truro, which was then (1831) in process of enclosure; and looking at the map, I think must have been on the road towards Redruth; but I was an utter Stranger to Truro at the time, and was strolling along whither chance may lead.” Thus all the heather species and hybrids which are native to the United Kingdom have been, and may still be, found growing wild in Cornwall. In addition to these E. lusitanica is naturalised in several places — on the Lizard, at Lostwithiel, Perranwell and on a number of railway embankments (9). With such a wealth of wild heathers it is perhaps not surprising that many plants 51 THE HEATHER SOCIETY have been introduced into our gardens from the moors, commons and downs of Cornwall. Many people have collected there, but six names are prominent in the lists that follow. There were two who lived in the county and collected over long periods. P. D. Williams. an “eminent horticulturalist”, lived at Lanarth and was for a time church-warden at St. Keverne. Miss Mary Betha Gertrude Waterer moved, with her father, to Ludgvan near Penzance in 1907. For many years she taught botany at the West Cornwall School for Girls in Penzance. She died in 1974. Two couples collected successfully while holidaying in Cornwall. Mr. and Mrs. D. F. Maxwell found many plants in the 1920s, originally on their honeymoon. The best of their finds were introduced by the Dorset firm of Maxwell and Beale. In the 1960s the nurserymen Mr. and Mrs. J. F. Letts, then of Foxhollow, Windlesham, Surrey, introduced a number of heathers that they had found in Cornwall. Cornish nurserymen have collected plants from the wild in the county. They have also raised cultivars of both native and foreign species in their nurseries. This explains the presence of E. arborea and E. carnea in the lists which follow. The Cultivars Calluna vulgaris Finder or Raiser Location Date “Apollo J. N. Anderson Nursery seedling 1979 “Ariadne J. N. Anderson Nursery seedling by 1983 ‘Atalanta’ J. N. Anderson Nursery seedling 1980 ‘Cheesewring I. H. J. Dungey Ancient site on 1978 Bodmin Moor *Foxhollow Mr. & Mrs. J. F. Letts “on deposits from Wanderer an old copper mine in Cornwall” by 1983 “Kit Hill J. A. Michell Kit Hill. 3!: miles W. of Gunnislake by 1948 “Kynance Mi &oMirs: DF: Kynance Cove on 1923 Maxwell the Lizard YEAR BOOK 1984 ‘Low Low’ R. A. Ide Cornwall 1962 ‘Mousehole’ Mr. & Mrs. J.F.Letts Near the village c.1965 of Mousehole ‘Mullion’ Mr. & Mrs.D. F. MaxwellNear the village 1923 of Mullion *Penhale’ Mr. & Mrs. D. F.MaxwellPenhale on the 1926 Lizard ‘Penny Bun’ R. A. Ide Near Leedstown c.1972 “Red Fred’ J. N. Anderson Nursery seedling 1979 ‘Red Rug’ R. A. Ide Trink Hillbetween 1972 Penzance and St. Ives ‘Rosebud’ Mr. & Mrs. Clegg Ladock by 1980 ‘Sister Anne’ Miss Anne Moseley On the Lizard c.1929 *Trinklet’ R.A. Ide Trink Hill 1972 Maxwell and Patrick (10) wrote of ‘Flore Pleno’ that it was “the first of the double Callunas to be introduced. It was found in Cornwall in the nineteenth century by the (then gardener to Sir Charles Lemon (W. B. Booth A.L.S., 1804 - 74), and grown for many years at -Carclew’’. Another source (10a) gives the date as “‘some years ago in 1839”. The earliest of many references to this plant dates from 1855 (10b). Early Latin names frequently covered material from more than one clone and it is almost certain that many plants produced under the name ‘Flore Pleno’ did not originate from the Cornish plant. Erica arborea ‘Chelsea Time’ Southdown Nurseries, Nursery seedling 1980 Redruth Erica carnea ‘Pink Spangles’ Raised by Garden seedling 1961 Mrs P. H. Davey. at Devoran Introduced by Treseder’s Nurseries ‘Red Rover’ J. N. Anderson Nursery seedling 1974 “Tybesta Gold’ J. N. Anderson Nursery seedling 1975 Erica ciliaris Despite the first English discovery of this species being in Cornwall, and its relatively wide distribution within the county, there is no Cornish cultivar of E. ciliaris. The pale pink plant from Carrine Common that Maj. Magor (11) suggested should be called ‘Cherry’ has not been named or distributed. 53 THE HEATHER SOCIETY Erica cinerea *Angarrack’ Mrs B.E.M. Garratt, At the long derelict 1974 D. McClintock railway station at Angarrack, 2 miles ; NE of Hayle ‘Cindy’ Mr & Mrs J. F. Letts Cornwall by 1966 “Cripples Ease’ Miss M. B. G. Waterer Hamlet between by 1964 Penzance and St Ives ‘Eden Valley’ Miss M. B. G. Waterer Trink Hill c. 1926 ‘Electra’ J. N. Anderson Nursery seedling 198] *Foxhollow Mr & Mrs. J. F. Letts East of St Ives by 1964 Mahogany’ ‘“Godrevy’ D. J. Small Godrevy Towans 1972 NE of Hayle *Gwinear Miss M. B. G. Waterer Near Gwinear by 1952 Road railway station ‘Janet’ Miss M. B. G. Waterer Trink Hill” 1941 ‘Janet Warrilow Mrs J Cross (nee Cornwall 1950s Warrilow) ‘Jim Hardy’ Mr & Mrs D Waterer_ S coast of early Cornwall 1950s ‘Josephine Ross’Mr & Mrs J. F. Letts Cornwall by 1966 *Lankidden’ Mr & Mrs D. Waterer Cove W of several Coverack years before 1972 “Lavender Lady’ Mr & Mrs. J. F. Letts Cornwall by 1965 *Mulfra’ Miss M. B. G. Waterer Hill N- of 1934 Penzance *"Nance’ Miss M. B. G. Waterer Hamlet E o: Trink by 1953 Hill ‘Ninnes’ Miss M. B. G. Waterer Hamlet N of 1942 Penzance *Pentreath’ Mr & Mrs D. Waterer Near Pentreath 195] *Poltesco’ Mr & Mrs D. Waterer On the Lizard by 1972 ‘Purple Beauty’) Mr & Mrs. J. F. Letts Cornwall by 1966 “Rock Ruth’ R. A. Ide Mullion Cove 1972 *“Rozanne Mr & Mrs. D. Waterer Cornwall 195) Waterer ‘Tom Waterer Mr & Mrs D. Waterer Cornwall by 1965 ‘Vivienne Mr & Mrs J. F. Letts Cornwall by 1965 Patricia’ *Zennor Miss M. B. G. Waterer Near the village of by 1952 that name W of St Ives 54 YEAR BOOK 1984 Chapple (12) mentions FE. cinerea “The Freak’ and Says it was found by Miss Waterer on Trink Hiil. In fact, She has a group of plants she called her “Freaks”, num- bered | to 10. Nos. | to 6 were aberrant E. cinerea, and the one described by Chapple was probably No. 6. The plant discussed by Maxwell and Patrick (10, p 114) was possibly another. No. 7 was an anandrous E. cilaris found on Carrine Common in 1946. Dr E. C. Nelson found a similar plant there in September 1983. Nos 8 and 9, which were also referred to as “Trink I’ and ‘Trink II’, were bud-flowering Calluna vulgaris (15). All except one of these were botanical forms, and were not given cultivar names. On both counts they fall out- side the scope of the present article. “Freak No. 10” was E. x williamsii and was given the name ‘Gwavas’. Erica tetralix ‘Bartinney’ N. Treseder Bartinney Hill near by 1972 Lands End ‘Pink Star’ Mr & Mrs J. F. Letts Cornwall ; by 1964 ‘Ruth’s Gold’ Mr & Mrs J. Platt Goonhilly Downs 1974 Erica vagans ‘Cornish Cream’ Treseder’s nurseries Goonhilly Downs by 1966 “Kevernensis P. D. Williams On the Lizard by 1931 Alba’ ‘Lyonesse’ Mr & Mrs D. F. On the Lizard 1925 Maxwell ‘Miss Waterer Miss M. B. G.Waterer On the Lizard c.1917 Introduced by Slieve Donard Nurseries ‘Mrs D. F. Mr & Mrs D. F. “within a mile of 1925 Maxwell’ Maxwell Mullion” (10) ‘St. Keverne’ PP. D. Williams Near St. Keverne 1909 ‘Viridiflora’ P. D. Williams On the Lizard c. 1909 ‘White Dancer’ J. N. Anderson Nursery seedling 1978 ‘White Giant’ J. N. Anderson Goonhilly Downs 1981 ‘White Rocket’ Treseder’s Nurseries | Goonhilly Downs 1965 It is possible that other cultivars of E. vagans originated in Cornwall. 55 THE HEATHER SOCIETY Erica x watsonit ‘Cherry Turpin’ Mayj.-Gen. and Mrs Silverwell Moor 1978 Turpin ‘Truro H. C. Watson Carrine Common 1831 Erica x williamsii ‘David Coombe’ Dr D. Coombe intro- Near Bonython, 12 1976 duced by J. N. miles NE of Anderson Mullion *“Gwavas’ Miss M. B. G. Waterer On Goonhilly between Downs whileon 1917 and holiday at Gwavas 1922 Farm *P. D. Williams’ P. D. Williams Near Lanarth 1909 Acknowledgements During the preparation of these notes David McClintock and Maj.-Gen Turpin have given me a great deal of help and generously provided much information. I gladly acknowledge my debt to them and offer my sincere thanks. I must, however, retain for myself the responsibility for any inaccuracies contained in this article or any omissions I have made. References 1. McClintock, D. and Rose. F..‘*Cornish Heath in Ireland”, Irish Nat. Jnl, 1970, Vol. 16, No. 12, pp 387 - 90. 2. Magor, E. W. M., “Riddles of the Irish Heaths - An Irish Tour; Year Book of the Heather Society, 1981. pp 52 - 60. 3. Turpin, P.G., The Heathers of the Lizard District of Cornwall. Report No. 2 of the University of Bristol Lizard Project, 1982. 4. Ray, John, Catalogus Plantarum Angliae, 1670. 5. Druce, G. C., in Report for 1911 of the Botanical Exchange Club and Seciets of the British Isles, 1911, p 24. 6. Lindley, J.. Synopsis of the British Flora, London, 1829, p. 174. 7. Hooker, W. J., in Sowerby’s English Botany. I Supplement, 1831, pe ZOls: 8. Watson, H.C., Cybele Britanica, Vol. 2, Longman & Co., London, 1849, 691, p. 147. 8a. Bentham, G., inde Candolle, A. P., Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis, Part 7, 1839, p. 650. 9. Margetts, L.J.. and David, R. W.,A Review of the Cornish Flora, 1980, pel@a. 10. Maxwell, D. Fyfe, and Patrick, P.S., The English Heather Garden, MacDonald, London, 1966, pp 73, 114 and 138. 10a. Note on specimen in Hb. Cantab., Miss E. D. Warner, 1839 1Ob. Pratt, Anne, Flowering Plants of Great Britain, 1855. 11. Magor, W. E. M., *A Quest for the White Dorset Heath”, Year Book of the Heather Society, 1980, pp 55 - 9. 12. Chapple. FJ... The Heather Garden, Collingridge, London, 3rd Edn, 1964. pn. 28. 13. Turpin. P.G..**The Bud-Flowering forms of Calluna”, Year Book of the Heather Society, 1980, pp 41 - 3. 56 YEAR BOOK 1984 Sports, Reversions, Witches, Brooms and the Like. David McClintock, Platt, Kent The lists below have been compiled from various sources. Much has come from my own records and herbarium specimens, but the draft was seen by other eyes, here and abroad, notably by Herman Blum, Bert Jones, Kurt Kramer, David Small and Pat Turpin. I am grateful for the comments they, and several others, made. Examples I lack confirmation of are set out separately, in the hope that this may elicit the facts. I am sure there are more to be added. I have come across people who had not noticed a sport on one of their own plants or, if they had, were unaware of its interest and potential value. The great majority here have been recorded only in very recent years, which [| interpret as evidence of the growth of intelligent interest in heathers. Of course only comparatively few sports will be worth naming, but they should be recorded and propagated to see how they develop. What is apparently the same sport (and even more, the same reversion) may recur, but we cannot be sure that the result is identical. “Golden Dome’ was lost before ‘Golden Lady’ appeared, and not even a Specimen of the former survives. ({ might add that several of the plants in this list are, so it seems, lost or have reverted wholly, which has the same effect). Gen. Turpin has a white sport on “Orange Queen’, which is not the same as the white one John Kampa had earlier named ‘White Gold’. The orange and green shoot on ‘C. G. Best’, from which ‘Next Best’ was produced has been noticed on various other occasions on this cultivar, but not, as far as I know, propagated, to show if the result is the same. There may be uncertainty whether a given aberration is a sport or a reversion. In principle, the former arises aS something unusual on a normal plant; a reversion is the opposite, when a known cultivar betrays its origin. But if a white-flowered seedling produces a 57 THE HEATHER SOCIETY pink-flowered shoot, is that a sport? If the white- flowered plant had been a sport on a pink-flowered one, that would of course be a reversion. And what do we call a normally coloured shoot on the dark ‘Darkness’ -which was itself a seedling? It has been argued that here we have recessive genes to normal flowers asserting them- selves, ergo it is a reversion. “David McClintock’, I am sorry to say, often produces shoots with norma! coloured flowers. I well know that the original plant was a large, uniform bush; yet it seems unreasonable to call this other than a reversion. We do not by any means always know how a given cultivar originated. When in doubt, or ignorance, I have assumed that the older, standard, plant was a seedling — “White Gown’ is a case in point — and assumed that ‘Pink Gown’ was a sport, and not a reversion. But this could be wrong. Rather similarly, the source of “Multicolor’ is not on record. But it would be absurd to call its persistent green shoots other than reversions. Other constant reverters are ‘Ingrid Bouter’, “Ruth Sparkes’ and ‘St. Keverne’. Their origins are indeed the plants they revert to. All plants regularly produce sports, so we are told, and that most are deleterious, and nearly all of such a minor character that they remain unnoticed. Either way they are soon eliminated. But this can account for variations in a line of cuttings. A true sport betokens a change in the genes and is not always distinguishable from the natural variation from seed, or even in a cultivar, which may vary from one garden, one soil, to another. “‘H. E. Beale’, from which descends a wide progeny is an example, the genes, if indeed they are affected, seeming to be in a fluid state. The difference in flower colour in ‘Peter Sparkes’, ‘Schurig’s Sensation’ and “Annemarie is not clear in every garden every year. It may be argued that these are merely inherited variations being gradually fixed by selection. ‘Dart’s Gold’ (which was a sport on ‘Ruth Sparkes’ ) is another case in point. All the early racemes at Kew on ‘Ruth Sparkes’ in 1983 (and doubtless also, unobserved, in other years, for this can hardly be seen standing up) 58 YEAR BOOK 1984 were single, 7. e. they were similar to “Dart’s Gold’. But all the later flowers were double, 7.e. typical “Ruth Sparkes’, and often reverting to green leaves. Perhaps we should consider these as seasonal variations of ‘Ruth Sparkes’. ‘Ben Rhadda’ and ‘Joseph’s Coat’ were named when they had pink and white flowers, some intermingled, in the inflorescences. Both soon became uniform. Such mixed flowers occur on “Kinlochruel’, “Silberschmelze’ and “Ada S. Collings’, and, even to the extent of a whole shoot on ‘My Dream’. This betokens a certain instability, but in lesser degree than a wholesale reversion. It meant however that the first two became lost, or of small account. Selection may not overcome the inherent pattern of the original source. Daboecia cantabrica ‘Bicolor’ arose, no-one knows how or where, over a hundred years ago. It was shown in the RHS Journal for September 1970 how important it was to take cuttings from really bicoloured shoots. Those who do not take this precaution will find they have mainly all-white or all- purple flowers. But before long the true bicoloured nature usually re-appears and, so far, no named selection, such as ‘Pink’, has remained stable. One must be sure that an apparent sport is not just evidence of some disease. So often yellow foliage turns green when properly looked after, which accounts for the loss of some of the cultivars listed. I have for years had a thriving bush of white E. vagans, one stem of which always has yellow foliage. But every cutting I strike comes out green, I wonder why. This has also happened with “golden” forms of EF. vagans from Gew Graze. Yellow flecks can appear on leaves or shoots and are a feature of some plants. Some are so small that they can easily be passed by unnoticed, and by no means all have been propagated or have survived. But where this feature is marked and occurs in similar cultivars, it would seem to indicate a close relationship, or some similar genetic make-up, as in some crimson Callunas. I am not sure if the distinction between yellow and gold shoots and foliage is always valid — I have, of 59 THE HEATHER SOCIETY course, not myself seen all the plants mentioned; and yellowish shoots can appear on various plants. These are distinct from the orange portions of the shoots that are typical of some cultivars, such as “Serlei Aurea’ or ‘Rosalind’. These cannot be propagated, but the ability invariably to produce them exists in their green shoots. Another source of uncertainty is of the “parent” cultivars. August Lamken who found Calluna ‘Alba Plena’, is dead and his children do not know its origin for certain. Maxwell and Beale, shortly after its introduction, wrote in their catalogue that it was a sport on ‘Alba Elegans’, but German opinion is against this. It might help settle this if someone grew on its reversion to single flowers to see if it does resemble this cultivar. E. carnea ‘King George’ and ‘Winter Beauty’ are, or were, notoriously confounded on the continent. I have been unable to ascertain for certain which of the colour- foliage forms arose from which cultivar, so have used the names that were given to me. Viruses may be the cause of some of the “sports” listed. All the plants I see of Calluna *Variegata’ are green, devoid of variegation. Yet this got its name, many years ago, from its white-flecked leaves. I assume this was caused by a virus that has died out and made the plant appear to revert, which it has done in one sense, but not genetically, a virus being an outside influence. Witches Brooms are caused by mites or other outside influences. Nevertheless they can be propagated and retain their dwarfing character indefinitely. They are not true sports, but are all the same the source of two or three of our cultivars. So I have added a note of those I have come across. The justification for these lists is partly general interest, but they should also show relationships, and what a given cultivar is able to produce. The subject however needs closer and more expert investigation than I am equipped to give. So I hope, not only that members will keep a look-out for sports or reversions, (preferably photographing them or pressing a specimen showing the 60 YEAR BOOK 1984 Sport and its “parent” , but that somebody may take up the subject and find the facts here a useful starting point. Sporting Calluna f. alba to ‘Alba Plena’ ‘Alba Plena’ to ‘Joan Sparkes’ ‘Ruth Sparkes’ ‘Allegro’ to ‘Allegretto’ ‘Con Brio’ ‘Alportit to yellow and crimson leaves “Annemarie to darker flowers, No. 2 variegated leaves ‘Autumn Glow’ to ‘Barja’ ‘Barnett Anley’ to ‘Carmen’ ‘Beoley Crimson’ to orange shoots ‘Carmen’ to ‘Gold Carmen’ ‘Mazurka’ darker flowers ‘County Wicklow’ to “Kinlochruel’ ‘Darkness’ to semi-double, even darker, flowers ‘Elsie Purnell’ to pale shoots ‘Fairy’ to ‘Anna’ “Gnome to ‘Gnome Pink’ ‘Goldsworth Crimson’ to ‘Goldsworth Crimson Variegata’ ‘Hammendii to variegated leaves *‘Hammondii Aureifolia’ to “Hammondiii Rubrifolia’ ‘Hayesensis’ to ‘Gold Haze’ ‘H. E. Beale’ to ‘Elsie Purnell’ ‘Peter Sparkes’ ‘My Dream’ and a similar white ‘Schurig’s Sensation’ ‘Sonja’ ‘Humpty Dumpty’ to ‘Miss Muffet’ ‘J. H. Hamilton’ to ‘Red Favorit’ smaller, fewer, flowers yellow leaves ‘Johnson’s Variety to yellow leaves ‘Loch Turret’ to ‘Braemar’ ‘Diana’ ‘Golden Turret’ 61 THE HEATHER SOCIETY ‘Long White’ to ‘Hollandia’ ‘Mrs Pat’ to ‘Gold Pat’ ‘Mrs Ronald Gray’ to ‘Dirry’ ‘Golden Mrs Ronald Gray’ ‘Minima Smith’s Variety’ to orange tips ‘Mullion’ to ‘Marie’ variegated leaves ‘My Dream’ to larger flowers Normal to ‘Alba Carlton’ ‘Carl Roders’ ‘C. W. Nix’ ‘David Eason’ ‘E. Hoare’ ‘Else Frye’ ‘Rivington’ ‘Roland Haagen’ ‘St Patrick’ ‘Mrs E. Wilson’ various golden sports whites ‘Orange Queen’ to ‘White Gold’ and another white ‘Peter Sparkes’ to ‘Annemarie’ ‘Llanbedrog Pride’ yellow shoots yellow leaves ‘Radnor’ to variegated leaves ‘Ralph Purnell’ to “Mirelle’ ‘Rigida’ to “Alba Rigida’ ‘Ruth Sparkes’ to ‘Dart’s Gold’ ‘Sandwood Bay’ to ‘Dark Sandwood Bay’ ‘Serlei Aurea’ to ‘Ilka’ ‘Silver Knight to “Gold Knight “Velvet Fascination’ ‘Silver Rose’ to gold leaves ‘Tib’ to ‘Ingrid Bouter’ ‘Underwoodii’ to ‘Roodkapyje’ “White Gown’ to ‘Pink Gown’ Daboecia cantabrica ‘Alba Globosa’ to ‘Rodeo’ ‘Atropurpurea’ to ‘Rainbow’ ‘Bicolor’/‘Harlequin’ to ‘Pink’/*Pink Lady’ Normal to ‘Cinderella’ Daboecia x scotica ‘Bit’ to some yellow leaves ‘Jack Drake’ to ‘William Buchanan Gold’ 62 YEAR BOOK 1984 Erica arborea ‘Alpina’ to “Albert’s Gold’ Erica carnea ‘Cecilia M. Beale’ to ‘Cecilia M. Beale Pink’ ‘King George’ to ‘Leslie Sparkes’ and a similar yellow ‘Myretoun Ruby’ to golden shoots *Praecox Rubra’ to “Hilletje’ *Vivellir’ to ‘Ann Sparkes’ *Vivellii Aurea’ ‘Winter Beauty’ to ‘January Sun’ and another “‘gelbe Form” Erica ciliaris ‘Mrs. C. H. Gill’ to “White Wings’ Erica cinerea ‘C. D. Eason’ to ‘Penaz’ golden shoots ‘Cevennes’ to ‘Cevennes Gold’ ‘C. G. Best’ to ‘Next Best’ “Yvonne’ Frances’ to golden shoots ‘Janet’ to golden shoots Normal to‘Apricot Charm’ ‘Domino’ ‘Golden Hue’ var. schizopetala ‘Pentreath’ to ‘Red Pentreath’ ‘P. S. Patrick’ to ‘Longfellow’ ‘Pink Ice’ to ‘Uschie Ziehmann’ “Rose Queen’ to golden shoots pink tips ‘Sherry’ to variegated leaves ‘Violetta’ to yellow leaves Erica x darleyensis ‘Darley Dale’ to “Ghost Hills’ *Silberschmelze’ ‘Silberschmelze’ to ‘White Perfection’ ‘Dunreggan’ (““Snowdrift’’) 6 Erica erigena ‘W. T. Rackliff to ‘Golden Dome’ ‘Golden Lady’ variegated leaves Erica mackaiana ‘Lawsoniana’ to ‘Dr Ronald Gray’ Erica scoparia Madeiran plant to ‘Madeira Gold’ 63 THE HEATHER SOCIETY Erica umbellata Normal to ‘Monterrey Gold’ Erica tetralix ‘Daphne Underwood’ to ‘Ardy’ Normal to ‘Findling Deimern’ Erica vagans _f. alba to ‘Valeria Proudley’ ‘Pyrenees Pink’ to golden leaves Unconfirmed Reports Calluna ‘Alba Rigida’ to golden leaves ‘C. W. Nix’ to orange shoots ‘Darkness’ to orange leaves ‘Heidberg’ to darker flowers “Keswick’ to ‘Rainbow’ ‘Peter Sparkes’ to semi-bud-flowerer ‘Rosalind’ to white flowers ‘Serlie’ to ° Serle: Aurea’ *Serlei Grandiflora’ Erica cinerea “Cevennes’ ,to golden leaves ‘Plummer’s Seedling’ to yellow leaves *P. S. Patrick’ to golden shoots Reverting Calluna ‘Alba Plena’ to f. alba ‘Alba Rigida’ to ‘Rigida’/*Arthur Pooley’/‘Pink Spray’ “Andrew Proudley’ to normal ‘Anna’ to green leaves “Annemarie to ‘H. E. Beale’ ‘Peter Sparkes” “Ashgarth Amber’ to paler flowers ‘Ben Rhadda’ to normal ‘Bognie’ to green leaves ‘Carmen’ to ‘Barnett Anley’ ‘Darkness’ to normal flowers ‘Dart’s Gold’ to green leaves ‘David Platt’ to green leaves ‘Diana’ to ‘Loch Turret’ ‘Findling’ to normal ‘Gnome Pink’ to "Gnome’ ‘Gold Haze’ to ‘Hayesensis’ ‘Golden Mrs Ronald Gray’ to ‘Mrs Ronald Gray’ ‘Golden Turret’ to ‘Loch Turret’ 64 YEAR BOOK 1984 *Holiandia’ to ‘Long White’ ‘Humpty Dumpty’ to normal ‘Ingrid Bouter’ to ‘Tib’ ‘Joan Sparkes’ to ‘Alba Plena’ ‘Joseph’s Coat’ to f. alba *Kinlochruel’ to ‘County Wicklow’ ‘Lyndon Proudley’ to normal ‘Mazurka’ to ‘Carmen’ ‘Mrs Ronald Gray’ to normal ‘Multicolor’ to green leaves ‘My Dream’ to ‘H. E. Beale’ ‘Pink Gown’ to ‘White Gown’ ‘Platt’s Surprise’ to single flowers ‘Rannoch’ to normal ‘Ruth Sparkes’ to ‘Alba Plena’ St. Kilda K64 to purple flowers ‘Silver Knight’ to green leaves *Tib’ to single flowers “Tom Thumb’ to normal ‘Variegata’ to normal ‘White Gold’ to “Orange Queen’ Daboecia cantabrica ‘Cinderella’ to normal *Pink’/‘Pink Lady’ to ‘Bicolor’/‘Harlequin’ Erica arborea ‘Oratava’ to normal Erica carnea ‘Ann Sparkes’ to ‘Vivellii’ ‘Lesley Sparkes’ to “King George’ Erica ciliaris ‘Aurea’ to normal! ‘David McClintock’ to normal ‘Mrs C. H. Gill’ to normal ‘Stapehill’ to normal “Wych’ to normal Erica cinerea var. schizopetala to normal “‘W. G. Notley’ to normal Erica x darleyensis ‘Ada S. Collings’ to some pink flowers ‘Silberschmelze’ to some pink flowers ‘White Glow’ to pink flowers Erica erigena ‘Golden Lady’ to ‘W. T. Rackliff 65 THE HEATHER SOCIETY Erica x stuartii *Stuartii’ to normal Erica tetralix ‘Ruby’s Variety’ to normal Erica scoparia “Mercedes Gold’ to normal Erica vagans “Mrs. D. F. Maxwell’ to normal ‘St Keverne’ to normal ‘Valerie Proudley’ to f. alba ‘Viridiflora’ to normal Unconfirmed reports Daboecia cantabrica ‘Praegerae’ to paler flowers Erica cinerea ‘Domino’ to ‘Pink Domino’ Witches Brooms Calluna on ‘Alba Plena’ ‘County Wicklow’ to ‘Baby Wicklow’ ‘Findling’ to tighter plant, this sporting to small leaves on ‘Naturpark’ normal to ‘Dandy’ ‘Minima Smith’s Variety’ Erica x stuartil on ‘Irish Orange’ to tighter plant New Acquisitions J. Platt, Ulnes Walton, Lancashire | I suspect that few people have grown as many recently introduced heathers as Jack Platt. Since 1977 he has told us of 158 that he has collected, and this year he has added a further 17. With newly introduced plants it is often impossible to more than guess at their ultimate size. Fd. Calluna vulgaris ‘Apollo’ Aug. - Sept. Pink (H8) flowers over golden foliage, upright habit. Raised and introduced by Mr. J. N. Anderson, Broadhurst Nursery, Grampound near Truro, Cornwall. 66 YEAR BOOK 1984 ‘Atalanta’ Aug. - Sept. Another of Mr. Anderson’s seedlings, which has been dowered with a mythological name. This also has golden foliage but the flowers are lilac (H11) and it has a broad habit. I consider this a good plant. ‘Baby Ben’ This has so far showed no sign of flowering. Its attraction lies in the fact that it forms a neat dome three inches high by four to five inches across. The foliage is green in summer and in winter is covered with a reddish bronze tinge. It was found by Mr. D. Edge as a Seedling on his Forest Edge Nurseries at Woodlands near Wimborne, Dorset and named by him after his small son. This is an excellent plant for the rockery. ‘Christopher Dover’ This plant also appears to be flowerless. It is small with a spikey habit. It was found by Mr. Dover of Cornish Garden Nurseries, Perran-Ar-Worthal, Truro, and is named after the finder. ‘Jan’ Dec. - Jan I regard this late-flowering Calluna as a most unusual cultivar. The plant has pink flowers and an upright habit. In the 1983 summer Bulletin Maj.-Gen Turpin told us how his plants had bloomed until 20th February and came back into flower on 23rd May. (David McClintock had a similar experience. Ed.) It was found by Mrs Janet Longstaffe, in January and in flower. (Year Book, 1979, p. 56). ‘Rivington’ Aug. - Sept. The flowers of this plant are light mauve (H2). The foliage is dark green with a yellow variegation carried evenly throughout the plant. The broad habit is more compact, and the variegation lighter than in C.v. ‘Naturpark’. I found this plant at Rivington Pike near Bolton, Lancashire in 1978, and have registered it with the Heather Society. Erica carnea ‘Amy Doncaster’ Feb. - April This has salmon (H15) flowers, a most useful colour break in this species. The foliage is dark green. it arose as a seedling in Mrs. Doncaster’s garden at Chandlers Ford in Hampshire before 1978, and was introduced by MacPenny’s Nurseries, Bransgore, Christchurch, Dorset. Some early plants mistakenly distributed under this name were E. australis (Year Book 1980, p 65). Treasure Trove’ Feb. - April. Another seedling from Mrs. Doncaster’s garden which has been introduced by MacPenny’s Nurseries. It has purple-pink flowers. 67 THE HEATHER SOCIETY Erica ciliaris ‘Duncan Stevens’ Sept. - Nov. This arrived at Mr. C Bell’s Harepie Nursery near Barnstaple, Devon as an un-named plant. It was named by Mr. Bell but is indistinguishable from E. ciliaris “Mrs. C. H. Gill’ Erica cinerea ‘Daphne Maginess’ July - Oct. The flowers open heliotrope (H12) and darked to magenta H14). The plant, which is approximately 14 inches high by 16 inches wide, gives the impression of being somewhere between E. cinerea “Pink Ice’ and ‘C. D. Eason’ in colour. It was found as a seedling in the garden of Mr and Mrs C. W. Maginess at Broadstone, Dorset in September 1979, and cuttings were given to the nurseryman Mr D. Edge in August 1982. He began selling it in 1983. (Year Book, 1983, p 48). ‘Electra’ July - Sept. This is prostrate with deep pink flowers. The green foliage is attractively tipped with orange. It was a seedling raised by Mr. J.N. Anderson at Broadhurst Nursery, Grampound near Truro. *‘Maginess Pink’ July - Oct. This has heliotrope (H12) flowers, borne in longer racemes than those of E.cinerea*Carnea’. The habit is strong and upright, the plant reaching a height of 18 inches with a width of 16 inches. It has consistently survived frost and drought and always flowers well. It was found by Mrs Maginess on Corfe Hills Moor, Broadstone, Dorset in 1966, and cuttings from it were grown on in her garden. In August 1982 material was given to Mr D. Edge. He introduced it in 1983. (Year Book, 1976, p 55, ibid, 1983, p 48). ‘Summer Gold’ July - Oct. This has magenta (H14) flowers. The habit is upright. The foliage is gold in summer, but becomes rather more green in winter. It was found by MrC.Benson as a seedling ina bed of E. cinerea ‘C. D. Easorm in his garden at Farington, Lancashire. Erica vagans ‘White Giant’ This plant came from cuttings collected by Mr. J. N. Anderson on the western edge of Goonhilly Downs in the autumn of 1981. The parent plant was about 4ft 6 ins high with flowering stems up to 16 inches long. The flowers are pure white with reddish-brown anthers. The foliage is dark green. 68 YEAR BOOK 1984 Erica x watsontii ‘Cherry Turpin’ Found on Silverwell Moor, near Truro, on 26th July 1978. Flowers similar in colour to those of “Gwen’ (H8/H16), but a clearer pink, borne on long racemes, very similar to those of EF. ciliaris. Up to 20 florets on each raceme. A valuable addition to the named cultivars of this hybrid. Erica x williamsti ‘David Coombe’ July - Oct. This plant has pink (H16) flowers. The habit is upright with yellow new growth in spring which persists for several weeks. It is very similar to E. x williamsti “Gwavas’ which, however, has a more compact growth. This cultivar has been propagated from the plant of this rare hybrid found by Dr. Coombe of Cambridge University near Bonython in 1976. It was named by Mr. Anderson with Dr. Coombe’s permission. Cultivars Registered During 1983 The Registrar Calluna ‘Baby Ben by D. Edge, Forest Edge Nurseries, Woodlands, Wimborne, Dorset. Erica tetralix ‘Bala’ by Mrs. P. Benson, Ridgway Wood Heather Nursery, Craven Arms, Shropshire Calluna ‘Catherine Anne’ by J. Hewitt, Frensham, Surrey Calluna ‘Copper Glow’ by J. Hewitt, Frensham, Surrley Calluna ‘Rivington’ by J. Platt, Ulnes Walton, Lancashire Correction. Erica Cinerea ‘Nova appeared in the first list of registered cultivars in the 1983 Year Book (p 47). This should have been E.. cinerea ‘Novar Personal and Geographical Names for Heathers - 4th Supplement David McClintock, Platt, Kent Here is another supplement to the tally started 13 years ago. The last, in 1982, was wrongly titled “‘2nd”’, and there are other unfortunate misprints in some of the texts of various issues. For easy reference, these appeared in 1971-75, 1976, 1979 and 1981. 69 THE HEATHER SOCIETY I again thank those who have helped by replying to my enquiries, and regret that it has so far proved impossible to get all the answers - there are several unsolved names in earlier issues which I wish members would try to help with too. Comments and additions are always welcome. Personal Names “Alice (Ca/luna). Mrs. Prescott of Maghull, Merseyside, raisers wife, by 1983 “Amilto’ (Calluna). Allgemene Middenstands-, Industrie- en Landbouwtentoon steling, of Etten-Leur area, where found; introduced 1982 ‘Amy (Calluna). Mrs. Amy Doncaster of Chandlers Ford in whose garden it appeared c. 1950 “Anton (Ca/lluna). Anton Jansman, foreman in Hoekert’s Nursery, Oldebroek, pre-1982. “Apollo’ (Calluna). The Greek God, one of J.N. Anderson’s classical names, 1979 ‘Ariadne’ (Calluna). The daughter of Minos; also J.N.Anderson’s family cat ‘Atalanta’ (Calluna). Of Greek legend, an Anderson appellation, 1980 Baby Ben (Calluna). Young son (b. 1981) of Mr. and Mrs. D. Edge of Forest Edge Nurseries, found 1977 ‘Barja’ (Calluna). Initials of Bep, Adrie, Riet, Jike and Annie Bakhuysen - wives of the firms partners, named 1983. ‘Bernadette’ (Calluna). Daughter of H. M. J. Blum of Steenwijkerwold, finder, introduced 1982 f. blumti (Daboecia cantabrica). H. M. J. Blum of Steenwijkerwold; published 1984 “Alfred Bowerman’ (cinerea). Husband (d. 1982) of Margaret Bowerman of Champs Hill. Plant found there in 1980 ‘Catherine Anne’ (Calluna). Three year old daughter of J. and E. Hewitt of Frensham ‘Coby’ (Calluna). Mrs. Hoekert of Oldebroek, wife of finder, pre - 1982 ‘David Coombe’ (x williamsii). Dr. D. Coombe of Cambridge, finder 1976 ‘Jack Craig’ (cinerea). (Oliver & Hunter by 1983) ‘Dart’s Parakeet’ (Calluna). Darthuizer Nurseries, Leersum. Introduced 1982 ‘David’ (Calluna). Finder, son of R. J. Brien of Pitcairngreen, c. 1982 ‘David's Seedling’ (carnea). David McClintock, in whose garden it arose pre-i970 70 YEAR BOOK 1984 ‘Diana’ (Calluna). Lady Diana Spencer on her wedding, 1981 ‘Amy. Doncaster (carnea). Mrs. Doncaster of Chandlers Ford, Hampshire pre-1978 ‘Christopher Dover (Calluna). Finder, nurseryman — of Perran-Ar-Worthal, Cornwall, pre-1983 ‘Electra’ (cinerea). Daughter of Agamemnon, another classical name from J. N. Anderson’s Broadhurst Nursery, Cornwall. 1981 ‘Christine Fletcher’ (carnea). (Aiso wrongly known as ‘Christine’ or’ Christine’s Seedling’). Wife of J. C. Fletcher, heather foreman of R. V. Rogers Nurseries, Pickering, Yorkshire. By 1982 ‘Red Fred’ (Calluna). Nobody. A seedling near C. y. “Fred Chapple’ in Broadhurst Nursery, 1979 ‘Margerie Frearson’ (carnea). Wife of W. D. Frearson of Grange-over-Sands, pre-1982 ‘Catherine Graham’ (vagans). Wife of Archie Graham of Belfast, c. 1950 ‘Anne Gray’ (Calluna). Seedling found between C.v. ‘Sister Anne’ and ‘Mrs. Ronald Gray’ in Dr. Lead’s garden in Nottingham by 1968. ‘Hetty’ (Calluna). Hetty Kamphuis, girl in Hoekert’s Nursery, pre-1982 ‘Lohse’s Rubin’ (carnea). M. Lohse, finder, of Bullenkuhlen, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, introduced 1977 ‘Maginess Pink’ (cinerea). Mrs. D. Maginess of Broadstone, Dorset, found 1966 ‘Daphne Maginess’ (cinerea). Mrs. Maginess of Broadstone, found 1979 ‘Mies’ (Calluna). Mrs van Steen’s cat. The plant was a Seedling in her husband’s garden, at Etten-Leur, Holland, pre 1983 ‘Miss Muffet’ (Calluna). Sport on C.v. ‘Humpty-Dumpty’ at Holden Clough, raised by J. Richards of Malvern, c. 1982 ‘C. J. Porter’ (x darleyensis). (P. Foley, 1982 c.f text p34). ‘J. W. Porter’ (vagans). James W. Porter of Carryduff (1889-1963) ‘H. Tho. Seeth’ (Calluna). Hinrich Tho. Seeth of Bevern, Germany, pre-1983 ‘Duncan Stevens’ (ciliaris). (Harepie Nurseries, near Barnstaple by 1981) ‘Susan Claire’ (Ca/lluna). Grand-daughter of Mr. Prescott of Maghull. Found as a seedling at his Rosebank Nursery by 1983 ‘Graham Thomas’ (cinerea). Graham Stuart Thomas, finder, near Woking, c. 1978 ‘Caleb Threlkeld’ (Ca/luna). Scottish/Irish botanist (1676-1728), hero of finder, Dr. E. C. Nelson, c. 1980 ‘Cherry Turpin’ (x watsonii). Mrs. C. L. J. Turpin, wife of our Chairman, finder 1978 ‘Uschie Ziehmann’ (cinerea). Employee of Hermann Westermann, in whose nursery the sport arose pre-1978. Named 1983 el THE HEATHER SOCIETY Geographical Names “Allendale Pink’ (tetralix). Allendale Nurseries, Knowle, 1978 andevalensis (Erica). Andevala region, Huelva, SW Spain, where found 1974 ‘Bala (fetralix). Plant found on moors above Lake Bala, N. Wales, 1980 “Champs Hill’ (cinerea). The Bowermans’ garden at Coldwaltham, Sussex, 1976 “Cheesewring’ (Calluna). Ancient site on Bodmin Moor, where found 1978 ‘Chelsea Time’ (arborea). Shown at the Chelsea Flower Show by Southdown Nurseries, Redruth, 1980 ‘Clare Carpet’ (Ca/luna). Co. Clare, W. Ireland, where found, c. 1970 ‘Corran Ferry’ (Calluna). S. of Fort William, Inverness-shire. Delaney and Lyle pre-1983 *~Danemark’ (Calluna). Where collected by F. Kircher, 1979 ‘Felthorpe’ (cinerea). Place in Norfolk where found by 1978 “Gjersjéen (Calluna). Lake near Horticultural College near Oslo, where found, 1956 ‘Great Comp’ (Calluna). Garden, Borough Green, Kent, where noticed c. 1980 ‘Hinton White’ (Calluna). Hinton House, home of raiser, Mr. Prescott of Maghull, Merseyside ‘Iberian Beauty’ (cinerea). Plant from NE Spain, introduced 1981 ‘Jersey Wonder (cinerea). Where found, 1978 ‘Madeira Gold’ (scoparia). Sport on Madeiran plant at Bracken Hill, Platt, Kent, propagated 1982 ‘Manitoba’ (Ca/luna). (From USA by 1983) ‘Monterrey Gold’ (umbellata). Sport found at Monterrey, near Verin, Spain, 1982 ‘Rivington’ (Calluna). Rivington Pike, near Bolton, Lancashire, where found 1978 “Gold Spronk’ (Calluna). Area in municipality of Oldebroek, Holland, c. 1983 Ameliorations “Kirsty Anderson’ (Cal/una). Grand-daughter of R. M. C. Lyle of Alloa ‘Corbett’s Red’ (Cal/una). Corbett’s Nurseries, Oregon, by 1971 “Holden Pink’ (vagans). Holden Clough Nurseries, Lancashire, where it originated “"W.G. Notley’ (cinerea). Worked at Maxwell and Beale frome. 1933; died 1968 ‘Josephine Ross’ (cinerea). Now Mrs Hutchinson UZ YEAR BOOK 1984 Recent Writings on Heathers, 1983 Anon. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, Catalogue of Plants, 3rd Edn, 1981; p 73 Andromeda, Bruckenthalia, Calluna; p 74 Daboecia, pp 74-5 Erica. Practically no cultivars listed. Anon. “When bees know best”, Garden News, 19th Feb. 1983, p 27 Gen. Turpin (and Heather Society tie) with his | st prize E. x darleyensis ‘Arthur Johnson’. Anon. “Freeze a jolly good heath”, Amateur Gardening, 26th Feb. 1983, p 42 Gen. Turpin (and Heather Society tie) with Ca/luna ‘Ariadne’. Anon. “Ancient and Modern. Heathers through the Ages”, Garden Answers, 1983, Vol. 1, No. 11, pp 18-9 Ends *‘A cultivar is not legitimate until it has been registered with the Heather Society”. Most desirable but, alas, not true. Anon. “Camellias all the Way’, Gardeners Chronicle, 25th March, 1983, p 37 “Irish Dust (sic.) a sell-on-sight plant for any garden centre”’. Anon. “Heide Snoein”, Groei & Bloei, April 1983, p 54 The usual advice, extended even to winter-flowerers. Anon. ““Moving Heathers at the right Time’, Garden Answers, July 1983, p 30. Young plants are the safest to move. Anon. ‘‘La Bruyere, un bon couvre-sol”, Mon Jardin & Ma Maison, Dec. 1983, p.62 ‘A sound note, but the photo labelled FE. carnea is of E. gracilis, twice! Bahnemann, K., “Zur Blutenbildung bei Eriken, I - VI’’, Deutsche Gartenbau, No. 8, pp 318-21; No. 9, ; 393-5; No. 10, pp 454-8, No. 11, pp 506-8; No. 12, pp 539-44, No. 14, pp 661-3 The histology of Erica gracilis; microclimate important. Bahuon, E. and Touffet, J., “Influence d’extraits de litiere et plantes sur la germination..... d’Erica ciliaris”, Botanica Rhedonica, 1983, Ser. A, pp 70-6 E. ciliaris has refractory seeds, which germinate only when conditions are favourable. Germination is higher with these extracts and a day-length of 16 hours. Bakker, J. P. et al, “Sheep grazing as a management tool for heathland conservation and regeneration in the Netherlands’, J. Applied Ecol., 1983, Voi. 20, pp 541-60 In Drenthe heathland vegetation became increasingly grassy with greater amounts of dung. Beauregard, F., “Problemes posés par le mycorhization des bruyeres en pepiniére”, Comptes rendues des Sciences de l’Academie d’Agriculture de France, 1982, Vol. 68, No. 15, pp 1178-94 All plants infected with mycorrhizas were larger (up to 150%) than control plants. A high NH4 content in the nutrient solution enhanced growth Beckett, G. and K. A., “Hardiness Survey Part 2”’, The Plantsman, 1983, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp 17-8 Data for 14 hardy heathers in the winter of 1981/2 Beckett, K., Concise Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, Orbis, 1983 p 24, Andromeda; p 51, Calluna; p 114 Daboecia; pp 138-41, Erica. Beckett, K., “Lucky for Some’’, Amateur Gardening, 9th July 1983, pp 34-5 Sound, as all his writing are. Benta, G., and. Bonfante-Fasolo P., “Apical, eristems in mycorrhizal and un-infected roots of Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull”, Plant and Soil, 1983, Vol. 71, No. 1/3, pp 285-91 Discusses the effects of the root fungus Pezizella ericae. 713 THE HEATHER SOCIETY Bonner, A., Plants of the Balearic Islands, Mallorca, 1982, pp 25-6 E. arborea, E. multiflora and E. scoparia with a drawing of multiflora Brosse, Atlas des Arbustes, Arbrisseaux et lianes de France et d'Europe occidentale, Bordas, 1979, p 210 Daboecia; p 211 Andromeda; pp 215-6 Calluna,; pp 216-8 Erica; p 218 Ericalluna Countless misspellings; “E. cinerea se crosse souvent spontanement avec Calluna™ etc, but text not all that bad; photos in colour. Clarke, G., “Heather Report”, Amateur Gardening, 17th Sept. 1983, p 37 Winter-flowering recommendations, with a drawing of E. x darleyensis entitled £. carnea. Dierssen, K., Die wichtigsten Pflanzengesellschaften der Moore NW Europas, Conservatoire, Geneva, 1982 Discusses in detail such ecological concepts as the Alliance Ericion tetralicis and the Association Ericeton tetralicis. Edwards. R.. “Increase Heathers”, Garden News, 27th Aug. 1983, p 5 On propagation, a brief paragraph. Eighme, L. E., “Heathers for warm Gardens”, Pacific Horticulture, 1983, Vol. 44, No. 1, pp 38-43 What may do in California. Lwart, N., “Heather” in The Lore of Flowers, Blandford, 1982 A thin account in Victorian language. Foster, R., The Garden in Autumn and Winter, David and Charles, 1983 Heathers mainly on pp 193-6. “‘Perhaps the best-known ground covering plants in the wild, next to the grasses, are the heathers”’. Fraga, I., ““Numeros cromosomaticos de plantas occidentales 223-233”, Annales Jardin Botanico Madrid, 1983, Vol.39, No.2, pp 533-9 Chromosome numbers for |i heathers from N Spain, three newly published - E. australis, E. umbellata and E. scoparia. Fuchs-Eckert, H. P. and Heitg-Wenigen, C.J. “Erica vagans”, Botanica Helvetica, 1982, Vol.92, No.2, p 222 The single Swiss station lost or at best endangered. Gonzalez, G. L., La Guia de Incafo de los Arboles y Arbustos de la peninsula Iberica, Incafo,._ Madrid, 1982, pp 531-40 Calluna, Erica and Daboecia Rather uneven, but useful. Excellent colour photos of all the heathers. Hieke, K., (“The Colouring of flowers, leaves and shoots of Ericas’’), Zahradnictvi, 1981, Vol.8 No. XI, pp 301-12 100 cultivars observed for three years and the results tabled. Hieke, K., (“the Colouring of leaves, flowers and shoots in Calluna vulgaris’), ibid, 1982, Vol.9No.XIIpp 71-6 64 cultivars similarly tabled. Hieke. K., (“The Assortment of Callunas and Ericas at Pruhonice’’), Acta Pruhoniciana, 1982, Vol.45, pp 99-150 Recommends 77 out of the 210 cultivars examined. Huxley, A., “Garden planned for old age’, Country Life, 20th Oct. 1983, pp 1072-4 Brig. Lucas-Phillips’s garden at Oxshott. Jones, A. W., “Double Flowers on Erica x stuartii ‘Irish Lemon’ ”, The Garden, 1983, Vol.107, No.1, p 31 Not double, so much as doubled. Jones. A. W., “An unusual Reversion on Erica carnea ‘Ann Sparkes’ ”, The Garden, 1983, Vol.108, No.6, p 253 A single shoot that bore on one side the foliage of ‘Ann Sparkes’ and on the other that of its progenitor *Vivellii’. Jummert, F..°*Kalthauspflanzen. Erica-arten”, Garten, May 1983, p 226, June/July p 258, 262. Cape Heaths 74 YEAR BOOK 1984 J. W., “So ensteht ein Faulenzer-Garten”, Hamburger Abendblatt A heather garden - a lazy man’s garden. von Kammen, M., “De grote, stille heide werd klein’’, Groie & Bloie, 8th Aug. 1983, pp 10-3 The 38-hectare Allardshoog heath in Drente. Lebrun, J-P., Les bases floristiques des grandes divisions chorologiques de l'Afrique seche, Cedex, 1981, p 35 Distribution map of Erica arborea in the Mediterranean. McClintock, D., “* Erica tetralix met trosvormige bleiewijzen”, De Levende Natuur, 1982, Vol.84, No.5/6, p 189 Republishing the article on var. racemosa in Ericultura in Oct 1982 McClintock, D.,“*The Carna colony of Erica mackaiana; anew variety”, /rish Nat. J., 1983, Vol.21, No.2, pp 85-6 Publishing var. eglandulosa for plants with no glands visible under a lens. Mateo, G., “Sobre la influencia atlantica en la flora de la Sierra de Mirs (Cuenca Espana)”, Mediterranea, 1981, Vol.5, pp 38-9 Distribution map of &.cinerea in Spain; notes on it and Calluna. Milne, P.,*“‘Heather Mixture”, Popular Gardening, 27th Aug. 1983, pp 8, 9, 11 16 cultivars in varyingly good colour, two inaccurately captioned. . Mergenthaler, O., ““Verbreitungsatlas der flora von Regensburg”, Hoppea, 1982, Vol.40, p 15 Andromeda, p 38 Calluna, p90 Erica “herbacea’’and E. tetralix Distribution maps for Bavaria. Nelson, E. C., “ ‘Irish Lemon’ - an Irish lemon”, Irish Garden Plant Society Newsletter, No. 10, p 6 Some ‘Dr Ronald Gray’ are being grown as ‘Irish Lemon’. Nielsen, O. F., *Indvandring af eg pa Hjelm Hede”’, Dansk Dendrologisk Arsskrifi, Vol.V, No.5, pp 149-61 Under the Calluna heath in W Jutland was a typical podsol which is destroyed by advancing oak scrub. Pearson, R., Design with plants”, Sunday Telegraph, 20th March 1983, p 36 Brief notes plus a drawing titled “The new compact grower Calluna vulgaris ‘Anne Marie’ ”’. Pinto da Silva, A. R., and Tales A. N., A Flora e a vegetacao de Serra de Estrela, Lisbon, 1980 pp 31-2, Os urgéirais de Ericu australis L. var. aragonensis (Wk.) P, Cout A short discussion. Pottier-Alapetite, G., Erica (in) Flore de Tunisie, Vol.1, 1981, pp 670-2 E. arborea, E. multiflora, E. scoparia with a drawing of EF. multiflora Rice, G. A., ““A year-round patchwork”, Practical Gardening, Jan. 1983, pp 34-7 Passable journalism, with ‘‘ Silver Beads’ for ‘Silberschmelze’ and the photo of E. lusitanica upside down. Roozen, W., “Erika, Erika, der Herbst ist da’, Munchener Merkur, Sept. 1983 Autumn, the time to plant heathers. Scannell, M. P. J., “Erica erigena R. Ross and Daboecia cantabrica (Huds.) C. Koch - some further notes on the historical record”, Jrish Nat. J., Vol.21, No.i, pp 29-30 E. erigena used for spreading spray on potatoes (with copper sulphate, A. W. Stelfox told me in litt, 14th May 1969. D. McC}. Mackay had white Daboecia in Trinity Botanic Garden. Schmitz, M., Wild Flowers of Lesotho, Essa Ltd, 1982. pp 117-20 (Poor) colour photos of &. algida, E. cerinthoides, E. alopecuras and E. maesta. _ bal 15 THE HEATHER SOCIETY Seymour, F. C., “Flora of New England 1982”, Phytologia Memoir V, p 433 Lists localities tor Calluna, E. cinerea and EL. tetralix. Sheppard, bk. A., “A Bunch of Capes”. Amateur Gardening 26th Nov. 1983, pp 36-7 The tender sorts, “by no means easy to grow”. Small, J. G. C.. Robbertse, P. J.. Grobbelaar, N. and Badenhorst, C. M., ~The effect of time of application and sterilisation method of gibberellic acid, and temperature on the seed germination of Erica sunoniana, an endangered species”, South African Journal of Botany, 1982, Vol.1, No.4, pp 139-41 Smith, G., "Mr Smith’s Diary, Friday”, Garden News, 25th June 1983, p7 Erica arborea and briar pipes. Smith, G., ibid, “Wednesday”, (bid 3rd Sept. 1983, p 7 Bressingham heathers. Smith, G., (bid Wednesday - Friday”. (bid, 8th Oct. 1983, p 7 (Cape Heaths) excelled even my most extravagant expectations”. Smith, G., (hid “Sunday”, rhid, 19th Nov. 1983, p 7 Sow Daboecia seeds. Soper, J. H.. and Heimburger, M. L., Shrubs of Ontario. R. Ontario Museum, Ottawa, 1982, p 365 Distribution maps of Andromeda polifolia and A. glaucophylla. Stanley, B.. “Highest of Heaths”, Popular Gardening, 17th Dec. 1983, p 12 A good account of tree heaths with lists of suppliers. Stephenson, A., “Heathers, the plants for all weathers, The Times "Saturday", 22nd Jan. 1983 Adequate, but plant names astray. Street. J.. "New Heather’, Garden News, 20th Aug. 1983, p 21 Phe Turpins fasciated £. x. watsonii, with a photo of Mrs Turpin, but the parentage IS wrongly given. Street, J. “Data Bank”, rbid. p 21 D. Small’s computer record of cultivars. Stork, A. L., and Lebrun, J-P., /ndex des cartes de repartition des plantes vascularies d'Afrique, Cedex, 1981, p20 Calluna, p 36 Erica including nine Cape Heaths. Thomas, M. B., “Nutrition of container-grown Erica carnea ‘Springwood White”. New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture, Vol.11, No.1, pp 33-8 Soil-less medium with a pH of 4.5 recommended. Toogood, A., “Down to a fine art”, Gardeners Chronicle, 1983, Vol.194, No.18, pp 20-1 John Hall and the Windlesham Nursery. Venison, T., “Formen of Clay”, Country Life, 15th September 1983, p 694 “Certain Erica mediterranea varieties have the conifers cone-like shapeliness. Perhaps they would be more often in gardens if nurserymen would provide specimens of sufficient size to create an immediate effect’’. Whitsey, F.. “Celebrated Names”, Popular Gardening, 10th Dec. 1983, p 34 The Society's records of whom plants are named after. Wijnands, D. C.. “Erica cf curvirostris Salisb.” in The Botany of the Commelins, Rotterdam, 1983, pp 94-5 An un-named watercolour by Maria Monninckx (1676-1757), painted between 1686 and 1706 for the Monninckx Atlas at Amsterdam, of a plant grown at the Hortus Medicus there, antedates by a century the previous earliest record of the species. Wood, P.. Winning Heathers”, Amateur Gardening, 27th Aug. 1983, p 5 Publication of the name E. x watsonti ‘Cherry Turpin’; includes a photo of Mrs Everett with "White Dale’, and of ‘Cherry Turpin’. 76 YEAR BOOK 1984 Wood, P., ‘‘Heathers for remembrance’, Amateur Gardening, 12th Nov. 1983 pp 24-5, 27 War cemeteries in Holland - Oosterbeek, Holten and Jonkerbos. Woodsman (J. Street), “Floods of Heathers”, Gardeners Chronicle, 18th Nov. pil The price of Dutch, and other, heathers. Zimmerman, S., ‘‘Erica-reiche Silikat-Fohrenwalder in den ostlichen Zentral- alpen - eine noch wenig bekannte Waldgesellschaft”’, Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 1981, Vol.13, No.1, pp 89-90 A further note on the subject of his earlier papers. There have also been excellent articles in our contemporaries, Ericu/tura, Der Heidegarten and Heather News. NURSERYMEN MEMBERS * Further details in our advertisements. We thank these members for the support which they give to the Year Book. W. Wholesale only. All other nurserymen members cater for the retail trade. W/R Members who cater for both wholesale and retail trade. Nurserymen in this group and the preceding one welcome enquiries from other traders needing supplies. MO. Nurserymen who carry out “mail order’ business. ZONE 1, Scotland R. J. BRIE IN, Pitcairngreen Heather Farm, Perth W/R_ W. A. CADMAN, Woodside, Black Park, Inverness I1V3 6PW *JACK DRAKE, Inshriach Alpine Nursery, Aviemore, Inverness-shire W/R GEORGE HALL, Galloichoille, Isle of Gigha, Argyll PA41 7AD Cl THE HEATHER SOCIETY R/MO J. JERMYN, Edrom Nurseries, Coldingham, Eyemouth. Berwickshire TD14 5TZ D. A. LAMBIE, Speyside Heather Centre, Dulnain Bridge, Skye of Curr, Inverness-shire PH26 3PA *D. McARTHUR, Sunderland Soil Services, Camore Gardens, Dornoch, Sutherland [V25 3ST * C. P. PIPER, Pennyacre Nurseries, Crawley House, Springfield, Fife KY15 SRU T. W. REAY, Rob Roy, Nursery, Trossachs Road, Aberfoyle, Perthshire FK8 3SP G. S. STURROCK, Angus Heathers, 10 Guthrie Street, Letham, Forfar. Angus DD8 2PS P. D. TARRY, Dal-Mhor, 37 Breakish, Isle of Skye IV42 3QA D. TODD, The Nook, Annfield, Alyth, Perthshire PH11] 8ET *D. W. WILLIAMSON, Messrs. T. W. Christie (Forres) Ltd. The Nurseries, Forres, Moray I¥26 OEA J. D. WILSON, Messrs. Oliver & Hunter, Moniaive, Thornhill, Dumfries-shire ZONE 2, Ireland W/R THE BIRCHES NURSERY, 13 English Park, Annaghmore, Portadown, Co. Armagh J. BRADLEY, Mid-Ulster Garden Centre, Station Road, Maghera, Co. Derry W/R T. R. R. CARSE, Glen Hill Cottage, 12 Ballyrogan Park, Newtownards, Co. Down S. FIDGEON, 130 Vow Road, Ballmoney, Co.Antrim BT53 7NT N. C. GRAHAM, Straid Nurseries, Gracehill, Ballymena, Co. Antrim W/R * Mrs. M. HANNA, 162 Lisnevenagh Road, Antrim, Co. Antrim BT41 2JU W/R Miss MARGARET HEARN, Heather Hill, Coolballow, Co. Wexford D. HUTCHINSON, 3 Cloughan Road, Woodview, Co. Armagh W/R DERMOT KERINS, Fernhurst Garden Nursery, Kenmare, Co. Derry S. J. MAGOWAN, Aberfoyle Nurseries, 21 Northland Road, Londonderry BT48 7JB *J. MORRIS, 25 Terryhoogan Road, Scarva, Craigavon, Co. Armagh G. WILLIS, Kilternan Nurseries, Kilternan, Co. Dublin ZONE 3, North East W/R J. M. & W. KANE, Glendale Nurseries, Haugh Head, Wooler, Northumberland J.D. & S.M. LISHMAN, Heighley Gate Nursery & Garden Centre, Morpeth, Northumberland 78 YEAR BOOK 1984 ZONE 4, North West CLIVE BENSON, The Nturseries, 281 Croston Road, Farington, Preston, Lancs. W_ R.S. BURDIS, Hollins Farm Nursery, Knights Lane, Hollins Hill, Tarporley, Cheshire * P. J. FOLEY, Holden Clough Nursery, Holden, Bolton by Bowland, Lancs. BB7 4PF T. C. McGAWLEY & SONS, 12 The Green, Kirksanton, Millom, Cumbria. LAI18 4NE Mrs. G. LAMBERT, 62a Chorley Road, Westhoughton, Bolton, Lancs. BLS 3PL RP. J. NAISBY, Moss House Nurseries, Justicetown, Westlinton, Carlisle CA6 6AN W P. NEWSHAM, Twin Acre Nursery, Hulme Hall Lane, Allestock, Knutsford, Cheshire WA16 9JN W/R/ * D. G. ROSS, Brookbottom, Kettleshulme, Whaley Bridge, Stockport, MO. Cheshire SK12 7RD * WINDERMERE GARDEN CENTRE, Windermere, Cumbria ZONE 5, Humberside and Yorkshire W/R_ L.E. BELL, Graizelound Nursery & Water Garden, Akeferry Road, Graizelound, Haxey, Doncaster DN6 2NF W/R_ G. P. VICKERS, 139 Swinston Hill Road, Dinnington, Sheffield $31 7RY ZONE 6, East Midlands A. ANNABEL, Longdale Heathers, Longdale Lane, Ravenshead, Nottingham W/R_ P. W. BINGHAM, Kingfisher Nursery, Gedney Hill, Spalding, Lincs. PE12 OPP W * CRAIL NURSERIES LTD., Newstead Abbey Park, Linby, Notts. NGI5 8DG *LEIGHTON & ELIZABETH JONES, Heatherscaping, Linden Lodge, Broughton Astley, Leicester J. MELDRUM, Pilgrim Cottage, Water Lane, Oxton, Nottingham NG25 OSH W. G. & J. MILLHOUSE, The Old Hall Gardens, Abbey Lane, Kirkstead, Woodhall Spa, Lincs. W J. P. SWAIN, Thatched Cottage, Main Street, Burton Overy, Leicester W/R_ H. J. TOMLINSON, Greenwood Gardens, Ollerton Road, Arnold, Nottingham NGS 8PR ZONE 7, West Midlands G. J. COOKES, Little Froome Heather Nursery, 2 Drayton Lane, Fenny Drayton Nuneaton, Warks. W*D. & M. EVERETT, Greenacres Nursery, Crossway Green, Stourport-on-Severn, Worcs. DY13 9SH Us) THE HEATHER SOCIETY FINBAR NORRIS LANDSCAPES, 54 Bermuda_ Road, Nuneaton, Warks. W/R- P. GARDNER, Lawnsdown Nurseries, Lawnsdown House, Poplar Road, Clehonger, Herefordshire W/R * GEORGE OSMOND, Archfield Nurseries, Wickwar, Wotton- under-Edge, Glos. W/R IAN PACEY, Martinvale Nurseries, Caverswall Common, Stoke on Trent ST11 9EU *RIDGEWAY HEATHER NURSERY, Horderley Farm, Horderley, Craven Arms, Salop. SY7 8HW. W/R M. RUANE, Brynhyfryd Nurseries, Rhydycroesau, Oswestry, Salop * T.G. VEITCH, Notcutts Garden Centre, Stratford Road, Monkspath, Shirley, Solihull, W. Mids. B90 4EN W/R*R.WARNER,Barncroft Nurseries, Dunwood Lane, Longsdon, Stoke on Trent ST9 9QW ZONE 8, Wales VINCENT DAVIES & SON LTD., Garden Centre, Fishguard Road, Haverfordwest SA62 4BT Mrs. M. PRYKE, Four Acres Nursery, Cosheston, Pembroke Dock, Dyted SA72 4SC C. PUDDLE, Bodnant Gardens, Tal y Cafn, Colwyn Bay, Clwyd ZONE 9, Eastern W/R ADRIAN BLOOM, Blooms Nurseries, Bressingham, Diss, Norfolk IP22 2AB M. A. CLARE, Cross Keys Nurseries, Walpole Cross Keys, King’s Lynn, PE34 4HB W A. W. COZENS, Old Presbytery, Oxborough, King’s Lynn, Norfolk * DENBIGH HEATHER NURSERIES, All Saints Road, Creeting St. Mary, Ipswich, Suffolk IP6 8PJ *M. G. FRYE, The Willows, Poors Lane North, Daws Heath, Thundersley, Essex SS7 2XF W J. H. GILL, Stour Gardens, East Bergholt, Colchester, Essex SS7 6TF B. HIPPERSON, Norwich Heather & Conifer Centre, 54a Yarmouth Road, Thorpe, Norwich, Norfolk IP21 4QP W/R J. WILLIAMSON, Stone Lodge Nurseries, Lower Bodham, Holt, Norfolk NR25 6QH W/R_ S. B. YOUENS, The Garden, Holkham Park, Wells-next-the-Sea, Norfolk NR23 1AB ZONE 10, North Thames D. E. JAMES, The Vernon Geranium Nursery, Hill End Road, Harefield, Middlesex UB9 6LH W/R_ W. LAVER, Goose Green Nursery, Lord Street, Hoddesdon, Herts. EN11 8SN R/MO_ D. O. MANSFIELD THOMAS, Little Heath Farm, Potten End, Berkhampstead, Herts. 80 YEAR BOOK 1984 ZONE 11, Southern W/R * R. S. W. BIGGS, Ockham House, Bodiam, Robertsbridge, E. Sussex TN32 SRA W J. VAN DER BORGH, Toxward Nursery, Magpie Lane, Horsham, W. Sussex RH13 6QE P. G. DAVIS, Timber Tops, Marley Common, Hasiemere, Surrey GU27 3PT ; D. EARL-BICKNELL, Pinks Hill Nurseries, Wocd Street, Guildford GU3 3BP W/R Mrs. T. N. FORBES, Spoute Cottage, Plaxtol, Sevenoaks, Kent TN15 0QR J. FRANCIS, 37 Stone Lane, Worthing, W. Sussex BN13 2BA W J. & E. HEWITT, Summerhill, West End Lane, Frensham, Surrey GU10 3EN W/R T. A HOLMES, Pound Lane Nurseries, Pound Lane, Ampfield, Romsey, Hants. SO5 9BL HYDON NURSERIES LTD., Hydon Heath, Godalming, Surrey W. E. Th. IJNGWERSEN, Birch Farm Nursery, Gravetye, East Grinstead, W. Sussex RH19 1PS W/R *H. TAIT, 11 Waterslippe, Hadlow, Tonbridge, Kent TN11 OEP F. WHYMARK, 2 Heath Villas, Hollywater, Bordon, Hants. GU35 OAH *WINDLESHAM COURT NURSERIES, London Road, Windlesham, Surrey ZONE 12, South West W/R C. G. ADAM, 90 The Mount, Poulner, Ringwood, Hants. W/R D. B. CHALK, Polden Acres Gardens, Edington, Bridgwater, Somerset TA7 YHA ROY DRAYSON, Harkwood Acres, Verwood Road, Three Legged Cross, Wimborne, Dorset BH21 6RP W D. EDGE, Forest Edge Nurseries, Verwood Road, Woodlands, Wimborne, Dorset BH21 6LJ Mrs. BARBARA ELLIS, West Kington Nurseries, Pound Hill House, West Kington, Chippenham, Wilts. * FURZEY GARDENS, Minstead, Lyndhurst, Hants. SO4 7GL HEATHERWOOD NURSERIES, Merley' Park Road, Wimborne, Dorset W/R/ * Mrs. DIANE JONES, Otters’ Court Heathers, West Camel, Yeovil, MO Somerset BA22 7QF M. E. JUDE, Cotswold, Salisbury Road, Abbots Ann, Andover, Hants. SP11 7HX. R. KOERPER, Battle House Gardens, Bromham, Chippenham, Wilts. SNIS 2EX D. K. PRICE, Orchardleigh, Botley Road, Bishops Waltham, Southampton SO3 2EX H. PRINGLE, 166 Wocdlands Road, Ashurst, Southampton SO4 2AP ZONE 13, Far West J. N. ANDERSON, Broadhurst Nursery, Grampound, Truro, Cornwall 81 THE HEATHER SOCIETY I. H. J. DUNGEY, Felsberg Nurseries, Dobwalls, Liskeard, Cornwall PL14 6JT *L. P. F. EDWARDS, Broadymead, Gidleigh, Chagford, Newton Abbot, Devon TQ13 8HP N. FROGGATT, Woodland Nursery, Garras, Helston, Cornwall TR12 6LN G. E. KIRK, The Grange , Rockbeare, Exeter, Devon EXS 2EP Mrs. J. RANDALL, Lyalls Cottage, Dunchideock, Exeter, Devon Mrs. F. R. M. ROGERS, Craigside, Shutta Road, Looe, Cornwall. ZONE 14, Overseas W/R JOHN BYWATER, 22 Winchester Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3P 2C8 STUART FRASER, 41665 Cut Off Drive, Lebanon, Oregon 97355 U.S.A. Mrs. ROBERT KNIGHT, Heather Acres Inc., 652 Elma-Monte ~ Road, Elma. Wa. 98541 U.S.A. W KURT KRAMER, Hauptstrasse 24, 2905 Suddorf. W. Germany GARTNEREI WEBER, Freyungerstrasse 21, 8392 Waldkirchen, W. Germany H. WESTERMANN, D-3045 Bispingen, Baumschulenweg, W. Germany W P. G. ZWIJNENBURG, Boomkwekers, Rijneveld 35, 2771 XX Boskoop, The Netherlands LOCAL ORGANISERS ZONE 2, Ireland Mrs. E. B. Calvert, Mimosa, 10 Manse Road, Newtownards, Co. Down ZONE 3, North East Mrs. E. Courtney, 40 Western Way, Ponteland, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE20 9AS ZONE 5, Yorkshire Mr. P. G. Vickers, 139 Swinston Hill Road, Dinnington, Sheffield S31 7RY ZONES 6 & 7: East and West Midlands. Mrs. D. Everett, Greenacres Nursery, Crossway Green, Stourport on Severn, Worcestershire DY13 9SH ZONE 11: Southern Mrs. P. B. Lee, Birches, Kingswood Firs, Grayshott , Hindhead, Surrey, GU26 6EX ZONE 12: South West Mr. P. L. Joyner, 84 Kinross Road, Rushington, Totton, Southampton ZONE 13: Far West Mrs. J. Randall, Lyalls Cottage, Dunchideock, Nr Exeter, Devon. 82 YEAR BOOK 1984 COMMITTEE MEMBERS: FINANCE & GENERAL PURPOSES Mr. D. B. Oliver, 27 Valentine Road, Leicester LES 2GH (Chairman) Mrs. D. Everett, Greenacres Nursery, Crossway Green, Stourport on Severn, Worcestershire DY13 9SH Mrs. P. B. Lee, Birches, Kingswood. Firs, Grayshott, Hindhead, Surrey GU26 6EX Mr. D. H. E. Rope, Clouds, 38 Vernon Crescent, Ravenshead, Nottinghamshire NG1I5 6BL Maj.-Gen. P. G. Turpin, Cottswood, West Clandon, Guildford, Surrey GU4 7UW Mr. E. H. Wiseman, 22 Heathside, Esher, Surrey KT10 9TB PUBLICATIONS Mrs. D. H. Jones, Otters’ Court, West Camel, Somerset BA22 7QF (Chairman) Mr. A. W.. Jones, Otters Court, West Camel, Somerset BA22 7QF Mr. D. B. Oliver Mr. A. J. Stow, 15 Highlands, Flackwell Heath, Buckinghamshire HP10 9PP TECHNICAL Mr. D. J. Smail, Denbeigh, All Saints Road, Creeting St. Mary, Ipswich, Suffolk IP6 8PJ (Chairman) Mr. D. Chalk, Polden Acres, Edington, Bridgwater, Somerset TA7 9HA Mrs. D. Everett Mr. A. W. Jones Mr. T. A. Julian, Lee Wood, Reservoir Road, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire Mr. H. L. Nicholson, Farm Cottage, Westcott Road, Dorking, Surrey RH4 3EB Mr. T. L. Underhill, Fairlight, Mill Cross, Rattery, South Brent, Devon Mr. G. P. Vickers, 139 Swinston Hill Road, Dinnington, Sheffield $31 7RY 83 THE HEATHER SOCIETY BODIAM NORSERY ROOTED HEATHER CUTTINGS and HEATHERS by first class post at competitive prices Over 100 cultivars. Heathers, conifers, Japanese azaleas, pernettyas, dwarf rhododendrons and shrubs for callers. 28p in stamps for catalogue. Bodiam Nursery, Ockham House. Bodiam. Robertsbridge. East Sussex TN32 OHA “phone: Staplecross (058083) 649 84 YEAR BOOK 1984 RIDGWAY HEATHER NURSERY NOW AT HORDERLEY FARM HORDERLEY Nr. CRAVEN ARMS (off A489) Shropshire High quality container grown Heathers propagated from The Ridgway Wood Heather garden. Excellent range of Dwarf Conifers. Collections only Closed Mondays Heather Society Members particularly welcome Mrs. Brenda EVANS, CRAVEN ARMS 2248 85 THE HEATHER SOCIETY D & M EVERETT Greenacres Nursery, Crossway Green, Stourport on Severn, Worcs. Specialists in Heathers and Dwart Conifers Heather Society Members especially welcome, but please telephone Hartlebury (0299) 250745 in advance, to ensure that someone will be available to talk to you. T. & W. CHRISTIE (Forres) LTD., The Nurseries Forres, 1V36 OEA (Nurseries Est. 1826). We will be pleased to send you a copy of our descriptive catalogue of Heathers, Shrubs, Trees, Rhododendrons, Roses, etc. etc.(stamp apreciated). Every keen gardener should havea copy. Send today for yours. 150 varieties of Heathers usually in Stock at:- *THE ROGER PLANT CENTRE’ Malton Road (A169) PICKERING, N. YORKSHIRE OPEN 7 DAYS A WEEK (SUNDAY - AFTERNOON ONLY) 86 YEAR BOOK 1984 In the grounds of Newstead Abbey Park, you will find Crail Nurseries where heathers, conifers, leylandii green and gold, azaleas, gentia.., rhododendrons and various shrubs are grown mainly for trade purposes. However it Heathers Society members would like to pay us a visit and look round our beautiful stock gardens, they are very welcome. CRAIL NURSERIES LTD. Newstead Abbey Park Nottinghamshire. Tel: Mansfield (0623) 792866 Business Hours Monday to Friday 9. a.m. to 4:30 p.m: QUALITY HEATHERS AT COMPETITIVE PRICES. List available on request. 87 THE HEATHER SOCIETY Purzey Gardens WILL SELWOOD ART AND CRAFT GALLERY AND ANCIENT COTTAGE 1560 A.D. MINSTEAD, near LYNDHURST. Tel: Southampton 812464 Displaying HAND-MADE CRAFTS of a high standard by 100 local craftsmen and SO artists. Eight acres of peaceful glades of botanical interest throughout the year. Including large areas of many varieties of Heathers. Open DAILY 10 am. to 5 p.m. (Dusk in Winter) Adult £1. Child 50p. Mar.-Oct. Adult 60p. Child 30p. Nov.-Feb. 10% reduction for parties of 30 — by prior arrangement (Proceeds to maintenance and various charities) HEATHERS, CONIFERS, ALPINES and many other plants. From H. TAIT, 50 yds up KENT STREET, off Butchers Lane, MEREWORTH, KENT. Open SAT. 2-5 p.m. SUN. 10 a.m. - 12.30 p.m. Phone: Hadlow Kent (0732) 851575 Sorry No Lists. Please send 2 x 12%p stamps for catalogue or Tel. Sutherland Soil Services offer Heather Society members Laboratory soil analysis for pH, lime requirement and/or fertiliser status at reasonable rates. Send stamp for further information and sampling instructions to: Sutherland Soil Services. Dept. I.. P.O. Box 3. Dornoch Sutherland. IV25 1I3G. 88 YEAR BOOK 1984 Barncrofit Nurseries Plants for heather gardens The gardens now contain more than 700 heather cultivars and we are still keen to obtain all available new varieties. We routinely propagate about 400 of the best (?), or at least most distinct, varieties. All the other varieties we possess are grown for comparison and are therefore available for propagation. We are happy to propagate any of these varieties to order (but not less than 10 plants of a cultivar). The number of conifers and shrubs growing in the garden and offered for sale, continues to increase. (Now more than 200 varieties of conifers). As we would like you to see our garden, we supply plants only to visitors. Retail opening hours:- The gardens and nursery are open throughout the year on Fridays, Saturdays, Sundays and Bank Holidays from 9 a.m. until dusk. (latest 8 p.m.). Dunwood Lane, Longsdon, Stoke-on-Trent. (Off A 53, 3 miles west of Leek) Phone Leek (0538) 384310 SORRY, STRICTLY NO POSTAL TRADE 89 THE HEATHER SOCIETY L. P. F. EDWARDS Broadymead, Gidleigh, Chagford, Newton Abbot, Devon. TQ13 8HP. HEATHERS - GENTIANS Heather Society Members most welcome. Please telephone Chagford (06473) 3428 before calling Plants also available aa LYNDALE GARDEN NURSERY, Stowford X, Exeter Rd., Sidmouth (03955) 6142, at preferential prices. GEORGE OSMOND Archfield Nursery, Wickwar. WOTTON under EDGE. Glos. HEATHERS, CONIFERS, & other choice plants Phone Wickwar 216 OPEN every day except SUNDAY COLLECTION ONLY VISITORS WELCOMED JACK DRAKE INSHRIACH ALPINE PLANT NURSERY AVIEMORE PH22 1QS INVERNESS-SHIRE Specialists in Gentians Primulas and Meconopsis 90 YEAR BOOK 1984 NOTCUTTS GARDEN CENTRE Some Uict Welcome every day - open 9.00 a.m. to 6 p.m. in the Summer and 9.00 a.m. to 5.30 p.m. in the Winter. (Sundays 10.30 a.m. to 5.30 p.m.) A fine range of all types of plants. Good selection of: Heathers | Dwarf Conifers Dwarf Rhododendrons. Good Advice Centre with first class staff. Easy Access from Motorways and very large Car Parks. The Garden Centre M6 is just North of the M42 Junction with the A34 - B’ham to Stratford on Avon Road. M1 A34 Notcutts Garden Centre, Stratford Road, Shirley, Solihull, West Midlands. Telephone: 021 744 4501 91 THE HEATHER SOCIETY HOLDEN CLOUGH NURSERY An old-established nursery growing a wide range of heathers (over 200 varieties), DWARF CONIFERS ALPINES, HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS and SHRUBS. Please send 60p for our latest catalogue full of interesting plants and information. Visitors welcome all year. Mail order service. Dept. HS, Holden, Bolton-by-Bowland, Clitheroe, Lancashire. Telephone: (02007) 615 HEATHWOOD HEATHERS 162 Lisnevenagh Rd., Antrim Telephone: (0266) 891604 Large selection of pot grown heathers and conifers always in stock. M. G. FRYE HEATHERS The Willows, Poors Lane North, Daws Heath, Thundersley, Essex SS7 2XF PLANTS DESPATCHED THROUGHOUT U.K. CATALOGUE FREE (Send Stamp) NURSERY OPEN DAILY 8 a.m. - Dusk Except Wednesdays Telephone: SOUTHEND (0702) 558467 92 YEAR BOOK 1984 J. MORRIS THE LOCK’S NURSERY Gifford Rd., Scarva, Craigavon, Co. Armagh N.I. Large Selection of Quality Houseplants, Trees, Shrubs, Heathers and Conifers. Tel. Gilford 831549 (0762) **Heatherscaping”’ Our nursery and heather garden is now open 6 days a week (closed on Thursdays) for most of the year, and we offer for sale to callers, an excellent selection of top quality heather cultivars and dwarf and ornamental conifers. Visitors are welcome ! Leighton and Liz Jones 109A Station Road, Telephone: Broughton Astley, (0455) LEICESTERSHIRE. 282505 93 THE HEATHER SOCIETY DAVID G. ROSS Brookbottom Nursery. Kettleshuime. Whaley Bridge. Stockport. Cheshire (on A5002 between Whaley Bridge and Macclesfield) Telephone: Whaley bridge 2555 We grow avery wide range of Heathers, Alpine Plants, Gentians, Dwarf Conifers (including many specimens), Japanese Maples, Dwarf Rhododendrons Also:- Flowering and Evergreen Shrubs, Azaleas, Trees, Climbing Plants and Herbaceous. Visitors are welcome to look at our Display Garden at Brookbottom where a very wide range of varieties of Heathers are displayed together with Dwarf Conifers, Dwarf Rhododendrons, Gentians, Primulas, Alpines and Dwarf Shrubs. Opening Hours are 8.00 a.m. to 6 p.m. Seven days a week all the year round (we are available some evenings in the summer, but please ring first) Plants can be sent by Mail Order. CATALOGUE (Please send first class stamp.) 94 YEAR BOOK 1984 Windlesham Court Nursery London Road (A.30) Windlesham, Surrey. Ascot (0990) 21456. Visits by Heather Society Groups welcome but by appointment please. Pennyacre Nurseries HEATHERS Many varieties available (to callers only). Also dwarf conifers. Specially selected collections of heathers or conifers by first class post. Pennyacre Nurseries Springfield, Fife. KYI5 5RU The Scottish Rock Garden Club If you are interested in beautiful heathers, you may also be interested in rock gardens. Learn all about the natural companions for heathers by joining the Scottish Rock Garden Club. Membership: £5. per year. Particulars Jrom: Mrs. E. R. Law, Kippielaw Farm, Haddington, East Lothian, EH41 4PY, Scotland. THE HEATHER SOCIETY DISET THE LAKE DISTRICT Windermere Garden Contre Limited New Road. Windermere. Telephone 2719 _ HEATHERS, SHRUBS, CONIFERS, ALPINES, AZALEAS, RHODODENDRONS, ROSES, CAMELLIAS, HERBACEOUS AND BEDDING PLANTS, VEGETABLE AND HERB PLANTS, HOUSE PLANTS, SEEDS, COMPOST, PEAT, FERTILISERS, AND ALL GARDEN SUNDRIES. Send 50 pence for Mail Order Catalogue refundable on first order Opening Hours Monday to Saturday D a.m. (0 Dd pi. Hie SENDAYS 10 a.m. to f pom. (Closed Sundays November to February) The beautiful woodland garden at STAGSHAW, Waterhead, Ambleside, and rock garden at Holehird, Windermere will inspire you, and we try and stock saleable plants of all you see there. This is a wonderful area for gardeners to holiday for several days, or just a good day out. 96 YEAR BOOK 1984 Silvaperl Graded Horticultural Perlite MULTI PURPOSE GROWING MEDIUM Expanded volcanic rock — caee 5 - improves aeration, drainage -— ¥ Ae and water availability in soils | Silvapert | and composts. e Ideal for.— @ Seed raising @ Potting composts @ Turf dressing @ Rooting cuttings @ Soil conditioning @ Capillary watering @ Ring culture, Hydroponics and N.F.T. SILVAPERL PERLITE is a proven success for Alpines, Begonias, Bonsai, Cacti, Carnations, Chrysanthemums, Conifers, Dahlias, Delphiniums, Fuchsias, Geraniums, Heathers, Leeks, Orchids, Rhododendrons, Saintpaulias, Sweet Peas, Tomatoes and most shrubs, flowers and vegetables. USE INSTEAD OF SAND OR GRIT TO IMPROVE ANY COMPOST Full instructions on every pack, plus free leaflets on request. Available now from garden centres, nurseries and seed shops in most parts of the U.K. (or by mail order from Chempak Products if unobtainable locally). ENQUIRY FORM Please send me FREE leaflets on the use of Silvaper! :— for Name “a : Address i ¢ Please enclose large S.A.E. for prompt attention : Aa Silvaperl SDroducts Ltd. P.O. Box 8, Dept.T122 Harrogate, North Yorkshire HG2 8JW Tel: 0423-870370 eek THE HEATHER SOCIETY OTTERS’ COURT HEATHERS West Camel, Nr. Yeovil, Somerset. BA22 7QF (4% mile south of A.303 trunk road to the south-west) We specialise in a wide range of lime-tolerant heathers and dwarf conifers, and welcome _ | visitors who wish to see these plants established in our own garden. | Please send 2 x 12'%p in stamps for catalogue or Tel. Marston Magna 850285 NOTES FOR NURSERYMEN MEMBERS! Make sure YOUR Nurseries name is mentioned here in the next issue! Special rates for members, write now for rates to:- THE TREASURER THE HEATHER SOCIETY 7 ROSSLEY CLOSE HIGHCLIFFE CHRISTCHURCH BH23 4RR 98 YEAR BOOK 1984 DENBEIGH HEATHERS THE ROOTED CUTTING NURSERY - hardy or cape heaths - over 400 cultivars - retail or trade - mail order - home or abroad - frequently updated catalogue - regular computer stock list printouts Our aim is to provide as complete a service as we can to heather enthusiasts. As we have had many requests to mail order plants, we will be able to supply the odd plant of the more unusual cultivars from this year. INTERESTED? Then please send 25p in stamps for details to DAVID SMALL DENBEIGH HEATHER NURSERIES ALL SAINTS ROAD CREETING ST. MARY IPSWICH, IP6 8PJ Phone 0449 711220 (after 6 p.m.) 99 THE HEATHER SOCIETY 100