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WILLIAM H. DALL
SECTIONAL LIBRARY _
®IVISION OF MOLLUSKS

Zoological Hllustrattons,

OR

ORIGINAL FIGURES AND DESCRIPTIONS

OF

NEW, RARE, OR INTERESTING

ANIMALS,

SELECTED CHIEFLY FROM THE CLASSES OF

Mrnithology, Entomology, and Conchology,

AND ARRANGED ON THE PRINCIPLES OF

CUVIER AND OTHER MODERN ZOOLOGISTS.

BY

WILLIAM SWAINSON, FE.RS., F.LS.,

‘> i
MEMBER OF THE WERNERIAN SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH, ETC.

VOL. I.
“Division of Mollusks
Sectional Library
London :

PRINTED BY JAMES MOYES, GREVILLE STREET 5

FOR BALDWIN, CRADOCK, AND JOY, PATERNOSTER-ROW ;
AND W. WOOD, STRAND.

1821-2.

TO

SIR JAMES EDWARD SMITH, M.D.

FOUNDER AND PRESIDENT OF

THE LINNAAN SOCIETY OF LONDON,

FELLOW OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY, AND MEMBER OF THE
PRINCIPAL SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES BOTH IN
EUROPE AND AMERICA,

THE FIRST AND SECOND VOLUMES

OF

Zoological DSlustrattons

ARE DEDICATED,

AS A SMALL, BUT SINCERE TRIBUTE TO THE EMINENT TALENTS OF

THE PHILOSOPHER,

AND THE EXCELLENT QUALITIES OF

THE MAN,

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HALCYON cinnamominus,

Cinnamon Crabeater.

GeneERIC CHARACTER,—Nvee Pl. 26.

SpeciFic CHARACTER.

H. ceruleo viridis ; pileo, collo, plumesque totis subtus pallide cinnamo-
minis ; auribus viridibus ; nuchd torque nigro gracili ornatd.

Blue-green; upper part of the head, neck, and all beneath, pale
cinnamon colour; ears green; round the nape a slender black
collar.

EE

As far as I can ascertain, this beautifully coloured bird is
quite new, and hitherto undescribed. It is in the possession
of Mr. Leadbeater, of Brewer Street, by whom it was re-
ceived from New Zealand ; and who gave me the opportunity
of now publishing the accompanying figure and description.

The two extreme points of difference in the Linnean
kingfishers, are seen in the Alcedo Ispida, and A. gigantia ;
the last of which has been made into the genus Dacelo. It
will, nevertheless, be found, that from among the birds left
in the old genus, there are a great number, (of which,
indeed, this bird is a striking example,) which are much
nearer allied to Dacelo than to Alcedo, where they now
stand. It will appear, therefore, more natural to consider
Halcyon and Dacelo as one genus —which may be called
by either name, but which must be distinguished by the
characters herein given to Halcyon, inasmuch as the generic
definition of Dacelo (founded on one bird) will be found too
restricted to comprehend all.

Total length ten inches ; bill two and a half from the gape,
and one and a half from the nostrils; the tip of the upper
mandible with a slight inclination downwards, and with an
appearance of a notch; the whole head, neck, and under
plumage, of a delicate fawn colour; under wing covers the
same ; the remaining upper plumage, with the wings and tail,
changeable blue green; ears sea green and dusky, united to
a narrow black nuchal collar; wings four inches long, and
the tail, which is even, three and a quarter; the hind head is
slightly crested, and the feet pale brown.

Pi. 67.

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POGONIAS rubrifrons,
Red-fronted Toothbill.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Rostrum mediocre, crassum, validum, basi latiore quam altiore, vibrissis
longis incumbentibus tectd, lateribus ultra basin compressis, culmine
arcuato, subcarinato ; mandibule superioris margine dentibus 1 vel
2 armato, mandibule mferioris marginem obtegente. Nares approxi-
mantes, parce, rotunde, per rostri basin perforate. Pedes scansori,
digitis posticis versatilibus.

Typus Genericus Buceo Dubius Lath.

Bill moderate, thick, strong, the base broader than high, with long
incumbent bristles, the sides beyond compressed, the top arched,
and slightly carinated ; upper mandible with one or two strong
teeth on each side, the margin folding over that of the lower
mandible; nostrils approximating, small, round, perforated
through the base of the bill. Feet scansorial. Hind toe yersa-
tile.

Generic Type Doubtful Barbut Lath.

~ Speciric CuaRACTER.
P. nger ; sincipite juguloque rubris ; alis et caudd fuscis ; tegminum
margine externo albo, remigum fulvo.
Glossy black; forepart of the head and throat red; wings and tail
brown; external margin of the covers white, and of the quills

yellow.

"Tue Linnean Barbuts, comprehended by Latham under one
genus, contain three distinct groups of birds; which, from
their peculiar characters, no less than their geographic posi-
tion, have now received generic distinctions. ‘The first of these
(which are still retained under the old genus,) are natives of
Asia; the next in affinity were first characterized by Illiger
under the name of Pogonzas, and are distributed on the African
continent; while the prototype genus in America is T'amatia
(Cuvier), in which continent not any of the two preceding
have been found: thus each quarter of the globe lying within
the tropics have their corresponding groups of a family, pos-
sessing a general, but at the same time an individuality of cha-
racter.

I am obliged to Mr. Leadbeater for the opportunity of
figuring this new and rare species, which he believes to have
come from Sierra Leone. Its total length was six inches ; the
under-covers of the wings white ; the tail two inches long, the
feathers broad and even.

Pl. 68.

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THECLA Galathea,
Red-bordered Hair-streak.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antenne claco elongato, compresso, obtuso terminate. Palpi exserti,

recti, approximantes, squamis obtecti, imberbes, articulo ultimo nudo,

-gracili, acuto. Oculi semicirculares. Alo antice trigone ; postice

dentate, caudate, lobo ad angulum analem obtuso, concavo, quem

sedentes vibrant, instructe. ‘Thorax validus. Abdomen gracile.
Typus Genericus Papilio Betule, §c. Lin.

Antenne ending in a lengthened, compressed, and obtuse club.
Palpi excerted, approximating, covered with scales, but without
hairs, the last joint naked, slender, acute. Eyes semi-circular.
Anterior wings trigonal, the hinder dentated, generally tailed,
with an obtuse concave lobe at their anal angle, which is gene-
rally in motion when the insect is at rest. Thorax strong ; body
slender.

Generic Type Papilio Betula, §c. Lin.

Specrric CHARACTER.

T. alis fuscis, colore violaceo nitidis, posticis caudatis, margine rubro, sub-
tus maculo nigro lunuldque rubrd ornatis ; lobo anali supra rato,
subtus negro.

Wings brown, clossed with violet; posterior tailed, with a red mar-
gin, beneath with a black spot and red lunule, anal lobe above
bronzed, beneath black.

EEE

‘Tue beautiful little Butterflies included by Fabricius in this
genus, are scattered over all parts of the world, but are most
numerous within the tropics, and particularly in South
America, for in Brazil alone I collected near 120 species.
They are an obvious and very natural family, though the
species are as yet but little understood, and not one half of
them described. I have observed a singular peculiarity in a
great many of these insects, which is, that when they are at
rest in the sun, the lower wings are constantly in a quick
vibrating motion up and down, as if the insect was rubbing
them together, more particularly where the two lobes (or ob-
tuse tails) of the under wings meet, though what purpose this
is intended to accomplish remains unknown.

The upper surface of the wings in the greatest number of
the Hair streaks (as they are aptly called by English collec-
tors) are of various shades of vivid blue, so that the species
can only be ascertained from the under markings, which are
usually very striking and delicate : they are all ofa small size.

This is an African species, and both sexes are in the cabinet
of my friend Mr. Haworth.

Pi. 69.

Y
Ul

CONU S terebra,

: Screw Cane.

GENERIC CuaractEerR.— See Pl. 65.

Spreciric CHARACTER.

C. cylindraceo-elongatus, albidus, stris transversis elevatis, fascuque
binis flavescentibus, spird crassd obtusd. Lam.

Cylindric elongated; whitish, with two yellowish bands, and trans-
verse elevated strie; spire thick, obtuse.

Conus Terebellum. Gmelin, p. 3390. 44. (omitting the varieties).
Martini 2. tab. 52. fig. 577. Seba, 42. fig. 13. (uncoated). Ency.
Meth. 339. fig. 1.

Conus Terebra. Lamarck. Annal. du Mus. vol. xv. p. 427. no. 144.
Var. A, without bands.

Ency. Methodique, 339. fig. 2.

ee

‘Tuoven this is not an uncommon Shell, it is rarely seen so
large as that now represented from the cabinet of Mrs. Bolton
of Storrs. Of this extensive genus Lamarck has written a
valuable account in the Annals of the French Museum, where
he has rightly pointed out the mistake of Gmelin in placing
as varieties of this species, one or two other very distinct
shells: the colour of the bands is not always certain, for I
have seen specimens in which they were of a dark brown;
but the very thick spire, and slender form of the body whirl,
with the distant, regular, and greatly elevated strie, renders
it a species not easily mistaken, though in general form it
comes very near to C. nussatellu, and two or three others;
the spiral volutions are deeply concave, and the tip and base
tinged with violet.
It is a native of the Indian seas.
Pl. 70.

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Ps Ye nahh! Lf Micke 1 balavuly rita St i Zz (yetds slits, a a apts iif Tah vty .
‘ tA Sia AAs |. a “hi (fh ti 5 dee, i any ise iv rudy Ay On fabless « a6
SP is) oN “y ows: Fe] “at dence a ‘? ase yrs" netics
ial use Hi} /ods Btlo. nyt nea, Vigoah rw aholidloy in1intett 2 aaa
ss SONG ek os mh! aopaty tidivy bsikni” ot.) aa
Sha ri : c i 4 Wig ‘ ; a sy ht ey
ee a: Sy a AAO crpsilsis mutt Vy ds die B, ar i a 4a
i* as #5; tere . i) ‘ — : eda See +. ie i ‘
, * ast i : ‘ - he a 7 od Maa
‘ # panes ‘ * : e ah " :
¥ - Ls P 7 a
“ 1 i’ é ‘ * 4 7s af ’ fi A
a fy : * : ” , . - a ry 7
- . . ¢ fi / * Fe : *)
Ne hy tod, : | i | is - Ks x _- - ‘ .
' ee s J 4 _ : * = as wi
‘ ° : an | Vee’ :
‘ ro i ont ‘i
Md * A ate

4

; ; BN Hie ih, "

‘
i
r
e
¥
i.
=
e
|
-
¥
2
a
«
7
.
.
i
*

‘a ea We sicdens aa

ls

ud

Ht eee aki

Babi af
nies sie Sa eemcsicn
ek Mi ganiosee ES We By
ae Na: i Masons sali a on eee OF 1 OR aa

xy

“eee
ial oe de a Era sos

Reta a, nee , s Tun os

MP WS

Bach ae yet a i

Ot cea I -

ie, ae Oe

spapeeeee dy by 7. ta?
HN (one WM vik bat
ee i bn ica we

ne Mh ee ee
’ ah

STROMBUS mutabilis,
Little pink-mouthed Strombus.

GENERIC CHARACTER.—See PI. 10.

Speciric CHARACTER.

S. anfractu basali nodoso; spird brevi tantum non levi; lined sulcatd
suture paralleld ; labio exteriore supra gibbo, margine recto, inte-
riore crasso, cum exteriore striato; apertura pallidé rubicundd, basi
truncata.

Basal whirl nodulous; spire short, nearly smooth, with a sulcated line
parallel with the suture; outer lip above gibbous, the margin
straight; inner lip thick, both striated ; aperture flesh colour ;
base truncated.

Seba, tab. 61. fig. 26 § 27, 32 & 33, 54. tab. 62. fig. 42 43?
Martini 3. tab. 77,799. fig. 78, 807.. Knorr. 2, 14. fig. 3.
Rump. 37. W.

EEE
Tue specific distinction given by Linneus to Strombus urseus
is so loose, that his followers have referred all the small
species of this genus to the numerous varieties he has quoted,
though few will doubt that many permanent species have been
thus overlooked; among these the one now characterized is
an example, the most striking distinctions of which are in the
spire being never plaited, and always much shorter than the
mouth, which latter is either nearly white, or of a flesh colour;
in its external colouring no two specimens will be found alike.

It is not an uncommon shell from the East Indies, and seldom

grows larger than the figure.

STROMBUS dilatatus,
Winged Strombus — middle figures.

S. testd transverse striatd ; spird mediocri, plicis numerosis gracibus ;
labio exteriore dilatato, rotundato, crassissimo, reflexo; interiore
supra crassescente, medio levi ; aperturd striatd.

Shell transversely striated; spire moderate, with slender numerous
plaits; outer lip dilated, rounded, very thick, and reflected; inner
lip thickened above, smooth in the middle; aperture striated.

SEE

Aw undescribed species, and of the greatest rarity, for I have
never seen any other specimen, than one in my own cabinet,
although perfect in form, it is obviously faded in colour; yet
it is too remarkable to be mistaken for any other of this inte-
resting family, which requires so much illustration.

Pl. 71.

ee 1 “ 4 7 - " ' : Pe
ey ail ah is-* ei ; faceis OF oS 7 :
+ rir Ae sa, ve MeO Ate +e
a oe le me aA 3 ; x’ "lp he i | | Any ey)
de®. i ¥ woe ee nik Sey aca 4 bia Pe whe
ts a ee aye St tly Se et ae yr ee
es ER is Ae > ix = r ow
ity va ee Ps ie in , TC? % ‘ oe ai a >, ne ah : feo Ni Au
- a Sie! or ~ bd a sa : > 4 a ae
a -_ os x DA iy hal
Bre a NT t iinaties ater monte. AE CN
“j ae 4 HS b A
i fe": sds Wadawore Aig shi:
oe i q Le : m iN 1% ,
Ye ee | mig Py a
a oe On ve gh meray adQ oan wd *
> 1 hoa a ea ik:
c ya % Hon ; ee a. ; se i>
ae 44 ; 59 vedi: ‘97919341
aoe ry F
PS aaron fea sesh. ie asta igyd 2 vis yiap’ ong oka weeriths Me,
rh, ‘i po Yat anhoy't ‘anh abe nhbig wren ahbrdsbi wiih 2 2iiowne spvieay +
~ ana cbhecaseliey Shion: vias aq vO: iM yey wh ’ hairy: Shur.
Whe . Seam
ag 3 NPitisiaalioe sitter dtc siesan, bat oils niga: sie ibaa fag
JP niigosen od fuoridig avers it vehi 5 ypdite ait «itive belted vg
ati pia Dunie sinh ots) ca sheet thos dy pies tcl uni * tihyppageian,
: j a t : » ° ; ised: wird ened = ee
ere or re Ls eet - ia Beds at he of
a ee Tah oh Oh NN, 0 Ae, is fe DES Se OE Sea PR ga ‘oh %
Te EM BS cr, TUR BT | ait. er aks Apt. .& eal al
Bed le i oa, hate Ne aoa
Ty ni a ae rs ‘ — 7 _—~eacta pani,
a » - “
a Pose Laan dyer eA2, cf agmaart ye a nehy coimaitpily ob19eg ae :
a Gente $1 lig. bo siSio1, dwar, aeawidlat cit “edt wa, GA ab
"= es bie
“ td abip aad 2 auf eoortas Mai raat outs a bs ber stil Io ie
2 ae set, wmatil einer 2 pete; wit sg ¥i tein Kubveduely VWyer seem 3 rey:
i. at bosiiatoe iatl=> WIT o yo he. ani weaning |: bisa ty pris \ and”
a < ke 5 fe
ia ta oe dais thay ie LMR OLD Sa Mig? 2 en vl Bat | wns ee
ns + abt veut cent rola ja: ane an ve nl’ jt Pi) bees ‘ty ay we acligd, cyt
&@ ‘faba! we nah 1 A$6-46° ge ce vladient tlie pha ide! gs 14 Mayor,
meth "palin Ligthees} ew | | bee a7 imitans ahaa Hine rh ! iGo f isan ‘beg mii
ee sth’? PAs part) ny te, ae gid} mote jtyll \ Pete NTE 25 ae at ik How
1a ie a : | _ Swathe fh pida a Rat cS, a
pth oe : ~ ; Oat i "
0 ies Slee see, é Se SD i ACen a
- a oe Nest "RIL YP oot: GS -aaee aay 9
ry Puy alee. RA AN ‘pian sadhis mies Aaa NV. rt
_ > aie slither ance '
p Any a 7 Sige hy / \ Ric) J ae . =
‘ ; ditto AS ld diy \4 Pattie Byat i) ibs Vn eine A ies? 2 Age

vaunted ¢ 2A sin i else esau

: Ditinty ie atitien foal

aearun pobre Viz valashom atk A
rule -eaootsa haw af
shopartls UTED (olson ght Hi Mog

D
ae

tel va iin desis ) odd Yo bane
Aivtelas awo yar gi otro ame
S494 ; rdlag ul fyofayit
“anit
ihe <n

4 ahs, o, ™ 39% Wh ws
Hand stent ‘ Yee
duds weve hohaues Lednlibyll yorged ;

se
ne

hi oat UO TOG
Yeunivde 2h i Tok ond
wild Ip saulto cw Wl woke doists ot

tdowia ov eoxiapan aisle exlionsk pat

BAR Inge tae sada

Po

ai

¢ eee
ti a a
ie ee
teil a

ee adh benwdou

gh
paladeia by i dfloenbien ak

wren -
uiiocialg re

ins

by a aie

"

oi Wy A
oft aldedssang: gos

‘
r Al

een 0
ace,

ny

i, est iy

%

hate ae

i

rik mates, drain Y (is ¥ Ml yt

a

POGONIAS hirsutus,
Hairy-breasted Toothbill.

Generic CHARACTER.— See Pl. 68.

SpEcIFIC CHARACTER.
P. supra fuscus, maculis sulphurers, subtus sulphureus maculis nigris in-
terstinctus, capite juguloque nigris ; pectoris plumis elongatis, pilis
setaceis terminatis.

Above brown, spotted with sulphur ; beneath sulphureous, with black
spots; head and chin black ; feathers of the breast lengthened,
and ending in long setaceous hairs.

we

I nave before observed, that this genus of birds was first
characterized under the name of Pogondas, by Illiger, in 1811;
some years after (1815), M. Vieillot changed the name to Po-
gonia, without taking any notice of I[lliger’s denomination,
and Dr. Leach has followed Vieillot without probably being
aware of the plagiarism; Vieillot’s name must, however, be
expunged, as Mr. Brown has some time back affixed the name
of Pogonza to a remarkable genus of plants.

Total length about seven inches; bill blueish black, one
inch two lines long, and large in proportion; the tooth in the
middle very prominent; behind the eye is a short white stripe,
and another much longer begins from the under mandible,
and goes half way down the neck; the chin and part of the
throat, together with the head and neck above, deep black,
which changes to a dark brown on the back, wings, covers, and
tail; a small round sulphur spot is on the tip of each feather
of the hind head, back, and lesser wing covers; the quills
pale brown, margined with sulphur; the under plumage ts
greenish sulphur, closely spotted with blackish ; the most ex-
traordinary peculiarity of this bird consists in the feathers of
the breast, which are more rigid than the others, pointed, and
the shaft of the lower ones ending in fine incurved setaceous
hairs, many of which are near an inch long. The probable use
this particular formation is intended for, it is impossible to
conjecture.

Mr. B. Leadbeater, to whom I am often obliged for the in-
spection of rare subjects, received this from Africa, and it is
the only individual of the species I ever heard of.

Pl.72. ;

ei eal H8D0%
* Hidiuon bohang- ayy int -

801 ea Sire ia oraeKe

» ii Suet nk Ree OLE! wave ve oy ey!
a ee Bal pga, aihusons wrvncldiue amtdue, eivvidg's hate peer areas A tay
hat ne simi bien: chaea T } jag sugubognt, ay mulatta
Pi Ks sehSastiereat ah sve tow. i

. kil. esoonutleina’ disynod; wstiglise obeta battode ; eno oath
if poet: ents aad Ww wielded { Asai. tialo bog heod ; AOR
a stistl pngsoulse guof wi i goin Ye an

Bs i

“4 iP 10 fie

‘ . => ‘
; ’ ‘ x ae - nent a os i rn:

.

: Sa, SGM “bie Io: ree ay ejtlt cid depraado vided: a7 Ch 2 oa
zi of ig ra opi wel aartion yok satan oct, ve! beni. bssimtawrade Behe is 2°
se “Lot sistant sald: sheagndy, bolls ant C887 ay bw ftse anere ‘aaqoe oF \ aa
a Hotisaimoned,. stweatlh Yo saison yank Hu Liat dnadtier” nag, ak Tee ite
Ge gk coor Jpoifiyr, Joltisi’ T hawella}. ead dicagt albus" a ap
a pret sy awd Java afana > soltiol T jem ga <9 V0! banat

a et . Sonnac haxiita Aaa ace Wotnoea ged inp. en | beans?
eg! bined, To sunay aldeatrecnsdy 2 of ginegot
we ‘elontd friouly Hil «5 asttoai raver tins, dy 2 oly. /

cz the Htood gilt > > fii Wiroguyy: aS 9 axal "his eyaot ean cm
52 132 Sdidlw seule ss 24 a7 ois f hovntad ; pe groban Ae wie &
Bes olmibseias avhun edt san ¥ aioad sowie 7: cEougen 19th
“oli to 4 faery Beta titis 9% : tose oll nweob vswr ‘Und stet

«phot: qha ds Aya bee bose: oil Uyivi noilt uhh |
futa-.2199 09 egniw dont oiteato amir! adi sed ee 9
_sailtat iby. Bs silt al tage ud uisd gee ce
e up ae ;atavoo Wil teal base, iit fia
, sei. Syed Aly ishuu ad¥.; uncle ve duiw ‘hoagie, a
: us pases: auld ¢.stailan! ue whee hakloga: a realn yh tale . i
tn Ae aod tsk odd 6 edeiatiog Nag neltto eagrtal dag em
bap: meting filsdyy: aes cunt} "bigk ugh wR
oe ey eh reveal 92) 6d, utd baton oun ty wed el
“gursidadony2dT -oucl, staat six saws 2 “ote tla Likew
a ole aac it ai di, 10 LyioLicnin deni oat as ‘au 1
ga panied nel bygitdy i iy are b sien sate
P Pa 8 fia wort aids havinast Hindi SSPE Te
a ost tain J =e ol, oi ais

sy wa

bi

76

ail

PSITTACUS pulchellus,

Turcosine Parrakeet.

GENERIC Cuaggermn.— See Pl. I.

Speciric CHARACTER.

P. macrourus, supra viridis, subtus fulvus ; sincipite, genis, tegminibus-
que cyaneis, remigibus ceruleis; rectricibus lateralibus futvis.
Long-tailed Parrakeet, green above; yellow beneath; forepart of the

head, cheeks, and wing covers light blue; quills deep blue;
lateral tail feathers yellow.
Shaw, Naturalist’s Mise. 3. pl. 96. Latham, Suppl. 2..p. 88. no. 14.
La Perruche Edwards, Le Vaillant, pl. 68. (female). Gen. Zool. 8, 470.

ov
Ee

Iris impossible to represent this superbly coloured little crea-
ture in its full beauty, though the figure will not be found
very defective. The only representation of the male is in the
Naturalist’s Miscellany, where it cannot be recognized, and
Le Vaillant’s is of the female, which differs considerably
from the other sex. It is a rare species, and peculiar to New
Holland. :

Length nine inches, with the tail, which is near four inches
and a half; the upper part of the plumage olive green, not so
bright as is usual in this tribe; the front of the head is a
most brilliant turcosine blue, which spreads on the cheeks,
nearly to the ears, and then mixes with the green; the
shoulders and lesser wing covers of the same colour, gradu-
ating to a deep mazarine blue on the greater covers, spurious
wings, and quill feathers, which latter are all deep black be-
neath, as well as on their interior shafts; at the base of the
shoulders is a large irregular patch of dull red, partially hid
by the scapulars; the under plumage is yellow, tinged with
olive on the throat and breast, and verging towards orange on
the belly ; tail feathers narrow and pointed, mostly green, with
the inner shafts blueish, and margined with black ; the three
outer on each side nearly yellow, the next tipt only with that
colour; under the wings brilliant blue, the greater covers and
quills deep black ; bill very small; upper mandible without a
notch, and blackish; lower very convex, and, with the legs,
flesh colour.

The female figured by Le Vaillant is much less brilliant in
all its colours, and without the red mark on the shoulders.

Pl. 73.

ee oe 2USAT ried

poet oa “olret Srtsa0d" wt sl eke E
ee on ae Sa é Ske PA Pe
Von _ . ¥ dh Tate ., :
\ i eh ms A a0 o ‘maT RAWD 2 wang sé ae a
ek eA; 2 i . Se ¢ ah ? t
rs in Cae - . . ee pasa ca Won
nee santa Leer, renee venke swrdil\ ain, ao we yt aint S-
ms eam auburn Taal enenyey eisai sa igiiyy mommy ow
pia ae old he Puporot sdinonad wall: gv ,o70d 8 imsty ‘ssodatied Hatint. ce a
us genie gp nellisp ee dpi waio0o ynte “has , aitesdo: teed ——.

ae ieee © + molly eroilisst ling figaist
_ ae abt! rv van 8. Jud’ oalinn 02 | sg, «@ antl MW pattie, . “ant
= Pp. ARR, 8 was..a90, folewiet) 80 Se yun) iy Lak, ornare sioweyath ol”

. - oe 9 vi r - :
| é oh i i - : y
- ‘ ; P sot gO re
oan : i OIG Rt ema ce : al = Sey,
7 4 b ] Ce,
; . * ew i 4 ~ s Fay sp

) RSV epeno fst batwolos id: spe pay weniger od aldieppaiar ae
bund od 3gn Hing ong Se Sil) disisorlt uinsod fivt 231, ai saad |
siti 4h sblen: ad} to. uot etuorarqan yiaorad sovidnotab’ yay’ \ "|
has cHonittgooat ad Soon 3, o99ilw -ysalfooaM mob wag —
“dps egos, eislhly gp: ue: volamnsi’ sil¢ to. at e'taolliaWs gfe:
a ot wwileroag bre: jeooys at eh) ade vitlto sd3-aromt
gare spbaalloll f
9: ee thot aie ww aie} Sait! dit ive tal ioai Sria dtgued.
oe) oe “sin tg Bils gat ft abt: Oi do tmaq, toad its ads ei wbag: .
ee ie 2 salt Yo 3 b, fy Do podisk kidd. ts aie AL OG, adyind
Bees wis edt no abnarute 6 ini: a ast amaogiat jasttlind geo git
as. Silt siete ott iw xia add bica*era8 ail}. od, ybik
|. ©) Reta auielos sinas Ml) to mawospai % vee20! bas g19 ee
re * agottge 13762 SI eal ao obit anne me R20 a o8 2
t) 0* agd viseld Gogh Mls ova ctiat slok fil etedinat Mite bas @ Pe
ae ope Yo gad ait to : atlanb» witsini, 13:19 fo: a8 Dw ee an”
; bial, lahicag « hey Ha tu id sie rqlygetts srtol ie al melas
Mise uw. Lint ewollay af sanmtily rola add: jeteluqaae atl} yd
aeidehte vol voreioy bas dec: ot! baa teouls ad fi) P4) a
hited, Haorg yBeong , badgiag Las worries eybdigs) Lind; vllad odd
ya hoped 40. ; yale Aiw. boucoisim bits, letonid aftineer teri. Badd ss,
~ as) Sob bhp elo nil Ixse ads. wOlloywiiaon shia dons wo, 13406 % |
rie bie 215 /o%F wstests oid . ould, insidlrid eyaiv od? vabmu ence ae a
aie: # thoihiv sidibaact soar Lpore rier, lid; cy sald: ban
ok. -sargol os dit lyin (Poy dd qv vawol ; daidoald’ due pie
= suoloo
Cat Staind aed donscat $i 3 aula, » La betugih shirt alkT
wo peroblaodle Sit neo shen bs aS touvttl w baw or a ry ee
. : : i I 4 ; : ams}

,

ACHATINA fasciata,
Chesnut-banded Achatina.

GENERIC CHARACTER. — See PI. 30.

SprciFic CHARACTER.

A. testd alba fasciis latis lineisque castaneis ornatd ; spird elongatd, cras-
sescente ; labio interiore semi-circulari, intus depresso; columella
truncata, emarginatd.

Shell white, with broad chesnut bands and lines; spire elongated,
thickened ; inner lip semi-circular, depressed within; columella
truncated, emarginate.

Bulla fasciata. Gmelin 3430, 25. Martini 9. tab. 117, 1004 to 6.

Lister 12,7. Seba, tab. 39. fig. 62 to 74. Gualtieri, tab. 6. fig. C.

ne Ee

Havine figured two or three species allied to this shell, it
appears advisable to subjoin a more particular notice of it, and
to point out those characters by which it may be detected
through its numerous variations: this has been endeavoured
in the specific character now formed, and appears to rest prin-
cipally on the inner lip, which is always semicircular, down
which, if closely exammed inside, there is a depression as if
it had been pared down with a knife; the-base of the pillar
also is so strongly truncated as to appear notched, and the
broadest part of the mouth is always in the middle ; these cha-
racters have been very ill attended to in all the figures above
quoted, of which Seba gives no less than eleven, which vary
only in the disposition and number of their bands.

Gualtieri’s figure at tab. 6. fig. D, is an admirable repre-
sentation of A. pallida, which, not having his work before me at
the time, I could not quote ; the other at C is a very good one
of the present shell. The upper drawing is from one in my
own cabinet; the lower is in the possession of Mr. C. Dubois,
who is continually adding to his fine and valuable collection.

It is almost unnecessary to contradict the opinion of some
writers who have fancied this a fresh-water shell. It is not
uncommon, but seldom seen in perfection.

Pl. 74.

ries nda AD un 4 i a i te
Asstt

>. % & \
ri 7 ' ‘
’
~ isk Nalinsbe pe &-¥) (rer ic “4
Pr Gy P a
Jk :
ag y ; 1. * ; ed : fi
‘ ¥ - - ; ge
et I PN me a
! x ; }

vay ¥
: } ‘ . : ;
eo ht wiiAy : yy , ‘ ; ‘
: ao : s a a y Pre ted Arachis a oe . re i i
: ' ; ’ be: wa
ny Biehl T yy Wr 4 a Tyee) apt we 1h en Atient » iat Cor ots
: ; hae LAT oh iy sale wel ek: HAE 5 Gea =)
“AM ee i; vi, ie y tgs Ps ve Venu pie RAE OS Vv “A We pie me = on
i h : . ‘ ar +t satatis wl i Sia * e a
» + « mi

Aulin yy erin: a eea: y Sti) Wiprragty Syma weer ast V ae
t a a * ; et P a
} +s ‘res , siete) Mewes F 14 xa ie it salt Be. io

my 4 Hit ines mh 3 Rid yee \ j é
- . - ae 5 P : 3 ertbir bey » 7 ieee ve * 4
- a : > va ae b
{ ‘ ‘ Ve if ree 8 Py tie - Tha)

i me oe. .
ahi a Fae, pia F Ao > wh ek Fi :

Pent yk m Whaat ‘fe ah ot ¢ = BY at aene, aa ae ee

«
~ +
ae

, ocy vie Paghy, %2", cena, eee yy
7 , fy | Poe LS reas 7) ees. Te ; ; ihe ©3l8 ’
Wie Oe ee bt crig spt
ale Rasy nal geil ae f ‘elicit my Bh too
ter) +n aLapornyel F ‘aes wes Sst,
hah 4 Pavey pee ew ls fia a's i Tr
Page s' " Fo ha hoe is os i ene
ati. al ts ~~ 4.” mete} f ped Bengt. ne
=< Cyr “a ia * ty WA id bi x Bice
Tag Sf y5490 5 aye eine as WoEr Woe “ mes

* ‘ ‘ a
Lib geret. waiigt He Hat of aber Vi Hise gad
: Ae iE hekbiyp Pag as qa i CSTs fi ari 4 dort
Kat . iene / , : ‘
ue ‘ a a nN a "gy es SEN Cs 5. . ta) “ihe 4 - ud ie)

pave: oe
= Wah cene

i aye " 64 ube. oe ey cf ty me

pAb iag? GAO WE | Se dh ap availa te “Shana 2 Win we aly ;
atx, ta) omy Wy y's Oh : oe! 7 “iy i. aN, ' Ee ha) be) B : ye
wee) Ts, barca A ee aR |

de sf 8, ne a eat AE
~~ . “4 Nee es Ball uly: Pita ve gone titre tea -

ae . Wein a OT cy Tan

cP Aaiia Ths 22% ay Wk Pole ar 7 ¥ paboaaii yagi

* ee yj . iM :
, panei if Aohle % uy Rs dat ri ait Bry reid” "eden ei
; . ’ warty ale he Saat ” al hit rh 3

po Wana ban Tir a ected
fee ayil, 3 await ‘igo oa ‘Pel oa

*
.

NATICA spadicea,
Banded Natica.

Generic CHARACTER.

Testa subglobosa seu ovalis, umbilicata. Spira depressa, brevissima.
Columella umbilici medio terminans. Apertura semiorlicularts, oper -
culo corneo vel testaceo clausa. Animal marinum, pede maximo ;
ocults ad basin duorum tentaculorum simplicium positis.

Typus Genericus Nerita Glauctna Pennant.

Shell nearly globose, or oval, umbilicated. Spire depressed, very
small. Columella terminating in the middle of the umbilicus.
Aperture semi-circular, operculum either horny or testaceous.
Animal marine, with a large foot; the eyes placed at the base
of two simple tentacula.

Generic Type Nerita Glaucina Pennant, &c.

Specrric CuaRACcTER.

N. testd sub-globosd, fuscd, albo fulvoque fusciatd, jurta suturam striata ;
labio exteriore supra leviter emarginato ; umbilico magno, aperto ;
columelld obsolete terminante.

Shell sub-globose, striated near the suture, brown, banded with
white and fulvous; outer lip above slightly emarginate; um-
bilicus large, open; pillar termination nearly obsolete.

Martini 5. pl. 187. fig. 1872 & 3. fig. 1874 & 5? pl. 188. fig. 1896, 8 5 9.

Seba, pl. 38. fig. 66. pl. 41. fig. 14, 15.

Tus Shells of this genus are composed of such of the Lin-
nean Nerits as are umbilicated, from which latter they essen- |
tially differ, both in the organization of the animal and the
construction of the shell, which is either closed by a shelly or
horny operculum.

The species are numerous, and are found both in temperate
and tropical seas; two or three inhabit our own coasts, but
by far the greater number are found in the Asiatic Ocean.
They are subject to variation in their colour; and this,
joined with a general resemblance in form, has rendered
the discrimination of the species very difficult. I have, how-
ever, remarked, that the various modifications of the umbilicus,
and the termination of the pillar (which is indicated in many
species by an elevated ridge or rib within the umbilicus) is a
certain and constant indication, presenting the same pecu-
liarity through all the individuals of a species, even in the
young state. This termination of the pillar has been mistaken
for the inner lip, which, on the contrary, is always above the
umbilicus, which, if closed, is not closed by the lip, but by
the thickened termination of the pillar or columella.

The two most striking varieties are here figured of this
species, which is sufficiently described in the specific character.
J believe it is found both in the Mediterranean and Red Seas.

Pl. 75.

a é eer b

oo

Pa oe
a: com ots eee
SOT EELS 5
p UV PER NNSA | Cota 2 1
J Chat - f
ch + n »
by
cr. me st Sa eS ae
gee bi 4 tae RS JM ~.
‘

) a ney ae % Lena
ro a These 2 Pe ; 4

j "ett tas |

Rie a elit aA ites ua
php RE DNs
RRO ai Ei iy ic as ra pet Loe aa
Ee dicta Al ye a spigt gale ha ea

; i ses t ‘
TaN: ae Lee Ps ary d yeh 5 2, Ts.

34) Wry ae ay ine ann ree

test een Ny MES on ; ¥ We Ps
5 gine ae fees by er ee | Mar Un" ce my
in he 5 - A ay Pacis Wee Fane?

= re
* i -
:
aS a
é j be
dt S
i -
z
“ae K . .
d i
i ’ ‘ ’
F \'Se
i rad cl he bi
Pry. a ‘
i Ve
eae. a
7

BO errs aed” ee ps

. pay relat by Ab gD al J SPO ae ioe
ie teva: ica mites rue ‘ie aan ngs ik Poe: ‘ ve

oe ReGen
A Be ts Sa eet A ey ee
Pee tet ma wt ee ee DS :. Mal } ‘

4

+

aT es

i i |
To » is
Te aia 4 :
baa Ee :
Ai , a>
Pia tt ul ¥ J
_ ed .

wan ‘,
pe
eee ty =
Aaa

MEROPS Savigni,
Black-capped Bee-eater.

GENERIC CHARACTER. — See FI. 8.

Sprciric CHARACTER.

M. viridis, subtus albescens, uropygio cauddque ceruleis ; vertice, strigd
oculari, fascidque latd collari mgris ; mento, supercilisque albis ;
rectricibus medus elongatis.

Green; beneath whitish; rump and tail blue; crown of the head,
eye stripe, and broad band across the neck, black ; chin and
eye-brows white; two middle tail feathers lengthened.

Tuts Bird was pointed out to me by Professor Temminck
as described by Le Vaillant in his work on this family, under
the name here given ; on this authority, therefore, | have been
obliged to rest, for | have in vain turned over the catalogues
of all the public libraries in the metropolis, in the hope of
seeing the work, and ascertaining the fact. The book is
modern, and, though expensive, one of standard excellence ;
but a princely fortune is necessary to purchase such a library
as a student should have access to.

Total length eight inches and a half; size rather less than
the common bee-eater; the crown in young birds is greenish,
in some a dull brown, and in others deep black, margined in
the front and sides of the head with a line of white ; the ears
black, uniting to a broad band across the neck of the same
colour, which is margined on the lower part with beautiful
sea blue; the nape of the neck, inner covers, and quill feathers,
greenish fawn colour; the lesser quills tipt with black; the
rump, tail, and outside of the quills next the body changeable
greenish blue; the back and upper covers green beneath; the
chin is white; the body tinged with greenish, and the under
tail covers with blue: the tail three inches long, and in such
specimens as have the two middle feathers lengthened, three
and a half; bill and feet black.

Inhabits Sierra Leone, and other parts of Africa.

Pl. 76.

Vw wey it

i I
ea) ‘ ;
' A .
4 rh £
poe
, -

ae

oi r \ h oN ,
ni i ee oe
hy i 4 Ly

sive :

+ os ry
oe a
- :

At are

e?

1 en obey

BOTIS,

Gauze-wing.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antenne setacee. Ale trigona, insecto sedente, cum corpore triangulum
subhorizontale efficientes, superiores margine externo recto. Palpi
quatuor exsertt. Lingua conspicua. Latreille, Gen. Ins. 4. p. 229.

Typus Genericus PA.'‘Urticata Lin. &c.

Antenne setaceous. Wings trigonal, forming a nearly horizontal angle
with the body when the insect is at rest. The outer margin of
the anterior wings straight. Palpi four, exserted. Tongue con-
spicuous.

Generic Type Ph. Urticata Lin. &c.

Botys. Latrezlle.

——

BOTIS marginata,
Pink-margined Gauze-wing.
ee

B. alis hyalinis, stramineis, aprcibus margineque flecuoso rubro-purpureis.
Wings hyaline; pale fulvous; the margins and tips with a waved

reddish purple border.
P. Marginata. Cramer, pl. 400. I.—P. Simiata. Fab. Ent.

Sys, 3. 208.

ee

Turre appears no end to the immense number of species
referrible to this genus, which will perhaps be found the most
extensive tropical group of all the Linnean Phalenide. Of
these, near eighty species I found in Brazil; Dr. Horsfield
has brought a great many from Java; near fifty are found in
North America, and I have little doubt that the whole number
existing in the cabinets which [ have inspected may amount
to about three hundred and fifty. The thorough investigation
of these is a work of no ordinary labour; and, until this is
done, it appears most advisable to let the generic distinction
remain, as given by Latreille, though there can be no doubt
that among them distinct groups will be detected.

Cramer’s figure will not indicate even the genus, and Fa-
bricius describes the body as white; the tip ferruginous; in
this it is yellow, tipped with red. .

Mr. Haworth obliged me with this insect, which Fabricius
notes as African.

BOTIS bicolor,
Black and White Gauze-wing.
ee
B. alis anticis fuscis, punctis duabus angulatis transversis albis ; posticts
ad basin albis.
Anterior wings, brown, with two transverse angulated white spots ;
posterior white at the base.
rr
From the same collection as the preceding ; the margin of
the thorax and body are white. I apprehend it is an American
species, which is distinct from any figured by Cramer, the
principal author on the Exotic Lepidoptera.
Pl. 77.

ryt
OH ’
" t
ats ie S245) 5 z
ee i OU ARES rare
dintoarnt) ata Kae) pa
. ° 7 ‘% P q
CAME, eet Cy STS HT yaes a > a TT Ha “int
7 \ x 1G : ty ot] fey suseuniantesc
oh A esd yelliendasl” Sastiyia foto. -ESon MONS
1; S ¥ ore ag! kt ~
Mot 7s NIC) AOE
. . ¢ r i P Sere3e a ee s+
8 TEER Sire wo Vv 4 REGED =, jh WE. B2ayp t! .euOsSIeISd ate iotinA
tooo ins [ dest te ei Joven) ah ao ybod ed) ditiv
pacedel. .boueexs qudtdals'h uigind.a egomw q0iPos pal

BHOUDIGS

“oh Sty ‘ LP tis pau *

Wb i! ABST A SER. SORE

« Hie aks :

ic patna 2708

wae r:
GEUHSL MAD VOLO Tae a ;
ey > ci bi
ate PY) GIG Ne tes rar yams ‘_
PUL CMO ROUT Nese w SAT) ESTAS BOM TEN tS PNM e > SoS Si4D 8,
% / } ie Bish" Sey + BuUOVENE olga ; SALLY! othe
ni , a 2 | ee |
1
i} o i
< ) i PETE POY OF DRS On AB AGS a rad ©
1205 mee VT eD LEE, £14) AS 'g ees Gt ope te
10) VALS annmint oid Ub to gore isoprew tess size
ee oe i ; ; ind -
LIE Jie tt os tog ile ENS Re 0 Ge) # Fe D8 adeno rns ytslaia ip ich ait ee ngotts
(Tt DOS “le GSI ERS 2 Ol ALOE Vise 2 aa: 5 6 dibouard zone

sie are be placket ‘eh oven 4 bite ai: mnie sot

SLUMS. VRE bounce gear J aloul.etsanige sage OL SARS

23
*
;
M4

r
}

forteutwernicd Breve wart lyetiks Sik Ly aoittd Jie dg oF
we 2) litse bron; wuodel yienibao om to atow sas guaTlt to
HOO AND DIPSHID Bik FS"OS oltlwerv he iad RBI D a1) aptob: ay

tdvob OM Oh 185° Si 1 EVAR fy ecupvet ; 7G | MOVIR 28 Mit sjsts
) toxtivaih eradd oso tedd
jas N68 “7 Hewgnued sam 40
i: avonigine) os as)) : otubw an eho ney eidirozah sulond >:
: hay aie 4D wallo¢ as di aids
Siti rin PTW Fook { rh ity On bei al Fe hi TO watt Ml
cesiiteé 26 ealon

esa : Th DELO Yb bi tardies 4tYOR I! WE SA stom ath i
rts ¢ wily aod Qh
dori sy ub. fi Awe seh ows UD foi 2gniw argiok
Wehd ony te oui aeeadeOgg,
+ ren tel Capo: + - =

; it ne iy. MP Qa ae ens 24. non: wipe Lae Ki ae ks
APitomsl an city brewltorads Datta us ¥ Badd bits zw od¥
Ay Pott wil os LAP Sin Vit f aor doz ntait ns | dot BOGE SR
ofS TAS Ty OE ie giloxd sit no 13 iliue Leap? iba: pe

Buz)

-

= £'>) Wy

78

| PICUS affinis,
Golden-naped Woodpecker.

Generic CHARACTER,—See PI. 14.

SpreciFic CHARACTER,

P. supra aureo-fuscus, subtus pallidus, fasciis nigris transversts ornatus ;
capite (in maribus) rubro ; nuchd colloque supra aurevs ; tectricibus
secundis fulvo maculatis ; caudd nigrd, fascns fulvis ornatd.

Above, orange brown; beneath, pale, with transverse black stripes ;
head (in the male) red; nape and neck, above, golden yellow ;
lesser wing covers with yellowish spots; tail black, with yellowish
bands.

a

Onrnitnoocists have either entirely overlooked this bird,
or have slightly noticed it as a variety of Picus icterocephalus,
the golden-headed Woodpecker, from which it is nevertheless
quite distinct.

Total length near seven inches; bill blackish horn colour,
and one inch long from the gape; the feathers on the upper
part of the head are short and pointed; the tips bright red ;
the base black ; on the hind head they are longer, and change
to a bright golden yellow, which spreads round the nape ; the
ear feathers and front of the head are greyish brown, striped
down the middle with whitish, and in some there is an ap-
pearance of a whitish line over the eye, joining the nape.
The upper parts of the body and wings are of a rich golden
brown, with indistinct brighter spots; the lesser wing covers
have a whitish spot at the top of each, forming two bands;
quills on the inner shaft black, with white spots. Under
plumage grey, tinged on the breast with rufous, and banded
with brownish black ; tail short, black, with interrupted trans-
verse bands of obscure olive.

The female has the head blackish, the feathers tipt with
dull white; the ears darker; the plumage above more olive,
the spots brighter, and the bands on the body grey, paler, and
more indistinct than in the male. The feet in both sexes are
greenish, and the wings three inches and a half long.

It inhabits Brasil, but is not common; I found it both in
the Province of Bahia, and that of Rio de Janeiro.

Pls.

a t
{ .
* A =
'
** ae
rd rs \
ited we Ace ae
%
1 \ ‘ :
’
«
os -
¢
f i t oe <
. ‘ ‘ ‘ \
‘ iia) ‘ Vig Ne Vi My A eth
Greiyt~ try y'all GWG aaa eae (2a i> i) AE
; et? Lot Lovee ae
‘ " r het ey hat - ana .
i it} Vs Th pe! Velho) yee Phy A adaet pee aN ms
, a ' ied y ¢ ae Mp f ieee ue
cy J oe Ha {See oe The! TW = ‘
a
‘
J .
7 1) } : A +
I
7 Si tellibvk %
i] ¥ 7
i y F
) Nii Jae eral gra
i d : (atte i
et 7 b ~ tans .
a COV Sti fi Stiplienee ales “yy apAS
: Fag APN Lone a ”
Al Ms py 1 Pel tee

¥ an

Ce
in

| din Taling ote vl y aad ap,
StH 6 4F bec) ml itt } ve sel
. Pt | eee Med ip Didee Be

’ < f bes A - : oo
; 7 ni i bite uur fs aun
lth nk Y "

79

ViPS
° :
elayh, |
'
4
‘
'
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.
H ‘
. |

its
er

7. ee
ed

4

ce
q

NATICA mustelina,
Belted Natica — upper figures.

Generic CHARACTER.-—See Pl. 75.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

N. testa subglobosd, mustelind concolore, obsoléte rugatd, fascid levatd
basin cingente; spird depressd, apice acuto ; umbilico magno, aperto ;
columelle bast gracili, levatd.

Shell sub-globose, uniform, fulvous-brown, obsoletely wrinkled, base
with an elevated belt; spire depressed, the tip acute; umbili-
cus large, open; pillar termination slender, elevated, and central.

EE

Tue elevated belt at the base affords an excellent distinction

to this species. The specimen in my cabinet is the only one

I have seen. Locality unknown.

NATICA sordida,

Brown Natica — middle cures.

N. testd subglobosd, fuscd, spird prominente ; apertura intus fusco-pur-
pured ; umbilico parvo, labio interiore paululiim tecto ; columella
obsoleté terminante.

Shell sub-globose, brown ; spire prominent; aperture within purplish
brown; umbilicus small, partially covered by the inner lip;
pillar termination obsolete.

EE

Tis Shell is both undescribed and apparently unfigured ;
the spire is more elevated than usual; the umbilicus small ;
and the termination of the pillar not seen: it is not uncommon,
and is often much larger than here represented, but I am un-
acquainted with its locality. The little decision in the figures
given by authors of these shells, renders it hazardous to quote
them with certainty.

—_—__ —-——

NATICA melastoma,
Black-mouthed Natica — lower figures.
SURE ee
N. testd depressd, fuscd ; spird complanatd minima ; ore intus atro-pur-
pureo ; umbilico magno, clauso lalio interiore rufo.
Shell depressed, brown; spire flattened, very small; mouth within
purplish black; umbilicus large, closed up by the inner lip,

which is rufous.
ng er TE

Iw colour this bears a close resemblance to the last, but the
shell is flattened beneath, and the spire very short and de-
pressed ; the umbilicus large, but, in general, quite closed up
by the thickness of the pillar, united to the inner lip. In some
specimens a narrow crescent-shaped groove is left on the out-
side margin. Its habitat is unknown.

Pl. 79.

OA ADE.

oe a

-

‘
‘a
« *% pra sd
Vie Va be RDN S
'
et Ove rt. =
BAIT ALA ORs
ate ehh -eretl
Ain TAar Sis
4
f ye 3 4 aK
Se Te en ee
1 t
wig at piad
| % ss »
EE BSI Se
mite srt 7
sn a got
b veut ae °F '
“Balu 4 ae

eoetli ai try ey y JEN :

BSE aod AAO) AEF

cetera

“4
} - vy
~ ae
ohio pt Yaratay) GGhe
A -
2, ab
‘ ‘~* 7
4 bese
4
ae ¥. *]

J a MH a
COTS AN MBAS ta ean

4 ‘ : . iy
Nevtay leaned ones SHUN OMT “s hapa asiyed lissi4
i . a =
nh Pues ghewab eydslidete : dgld see
fayoter el douler
1 US mI -
} Lia ii
(IY GE ait eat esto] a iets Ba as
reat Pn te (ual pe D) io aagn dota ed ¥s
SF OPE COG SOE 735 HOT a Bers aihoe Ta
' .
HHO ' ' yiait obi
? ; : ee Ae '
“ihe

Besse See § he be:

A] ; v4 - ; ® _

uae Anatole 2 Yep) “
Phas a dod

ye aislt-ut
Pee i |

‘ wt ks bee 3 y Mi
: Lagett ¢ ; aang
Pavey ei sislonde :

ry td sax oda: ahaa ia ST

ee a
pay

i Sten

iP

; ey. ~ ‘ %
Lf fe it; least Tins

= ayy red ir. ¥ ,
aeat Laue fd 0 2 Ve

eis ste Daaiaepoe
16 aivjaiitecd wae
wlan, Ang eet,

*

60

ve |

HALIOTIS Californiensis,
Small-holed Californian Ear-shell.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Testa univalvis, depressissima, lata, auriformis. Discus admodum perfo-
ratus. Spira minuta, depressa. Apertura testam magnitudine pene
equans, intus margaritifera.

Typus Genericus H. Tuberculata Linn. &c.

Shell univalve, greatly depressed, broad, ear-shaped, the disk with
many perforations. Spire minute, depressed. Aperture nearly
as large as the shell; inside pearly.

Generic Type H. Tuberculata Linn. &c.

Sprciric CHARACTER.

H. Testé oval, levi, obscure thalassind ; labio exteriore supra immar-
ginato, interiore lato, complanato, foraminibus numerosis, minutis,
orbicularibus, levibus.

Shell ovate, smooth, obscure sea green; outer lip above immarginate ;
inner lip broad, flat; perforations numerous, very small, orbi-
cular and smooth.

———— TEE

Tue Ear-shells are strangely characterized by ther pecu-
liarity of form, perforated holes, and rich pearly interior. They
are found in both temperate and tropical seas; but the defi-
nitions hitherto given by conchologists are so imperfect, that
they have left our knowledge of these shells nearly the same
now, as in the time of Linneus. Seventeen species only are
enumerated in Mr. Dillwyn’s work ; although thirty-four have
fallen within my own observation the last few months.

The difference between this and the common black Cali-
fornian Ear, consists in its being a much deeper and smoother
shell, always narrowest at the base, the outer lip not having
(as in that) a prominent curve or gibbosity where it joins the
spire; but principally in the perforations, which in this are
always half as large, and doubly numerous; it is also gene-
rally a much smaller, and less common species: the spire is
always deeply tinged with pink. The genus Padollus, of
Montford, resting entirely in the unevenness of the outer lip,
without any knowledge of the animal, appears to me an un-
necessary distinction, for such is the character of all young
shells, and also of mature ones, whose outer surface is rugged
or uneven.

Pl. 80.

Waa

Bin Nee

at iy

7 = ’
all ik Mi

eee

Ae 7‘: _ ;
aye Fay | ee fs .
7 : 7 - 7 5 a a 7 wy
a e te in oe = - aa bs
ms © | Ye. e oe Pa 7 , . a Pay,
., ’ rea . at han
; j P

. be o

oS AMIN Se, hee

Hid 09% a54s? 4 u \4 d
Sues) or 5 ’
cage dD 47

i] =
7
‘ - ‘
rant ‘
Peter, ;
Fy 4
3 w= ? et a
iat ‘ = ist tha
ah gt : Lhe eal hs > ; ‘
Rei q J ‘a .
Ss ; : Theat fe ,Oue pally
’ ' ‘ ; SS
' y! i if a
5 “pale m +
' a " : , ae ae
a . ‘
’ ed ’
Bs an i ‘ “
4 i
\ .
Seal a

as) \ se une. PAPE.
‘> ‘i tsi epoliia eid Pear hd
“Ni . 4 ‘ contd sir iend : veil
Wale | . apes <> rh

a A os A a _
— ‘ ‘ , § lh eengin ete Wpteetl «taba
5a abel : ‘i rs oy P abe S a a :

“hI tal } ane -

a? “ .
e er, 2 a ~o/ ‘
f (resi (CARRS eed eh ¥ Ad La,
ana ve ‘ : ; f at
: % f | i
eos: . TE Le. ¥ a ¥v

aw Liana cua
«4 ne A i ; : \ Las,"
i ; ; Sy l- apay sees "at

fa . oY i oe b ; 7 yi 2 | | 1 : tie e ‘e ame

ae eA

i a R ’ 7s i] : =
‘ : , irs td Mise ue
id 4 < f . 2
“i SALA aes jy uaa
' ' ‘ =
ea i b ee 32 F ? ; uM _ dn tae “pi.

i i
ihe Stay, Fa

: als i btn i i ay
apps auc ¥ \ oe ! gf | tm) ane ¢

n ha ated
Hous Vis) 20) haw ye eae Tt
wyatt ba bial vet l 4 J aM, “at ee 25.
' eee) nt bea

) i ivf a arate oa,
* aged «er “Te
hivte , 4 et ae

vob

a as
. ~sineere sikh spaaenete t
‘agli a J pi ed

SPHINX Ello.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antenne prismatice, in utroque sexu ad medium leviter crassescentes, ex-
terné breviter piloso biciliate, mucrone arcuato, producto, sensim ter-
minantes. Palpi breves, obtusi. Lingua elongata, convoluta, distincta,
e¢ in pupd aliquando porrecta. Alc sub-integre. Abdomen elonga-
tum, conicum, ano acuto, imberbi.

Typus Genericus Sphinx Convolouli Linn.

Antenne three sided, in both sexes slightly thickened in the middle,
externally ciliated with double tufts of short hairs, and ending
in a gradually lengthened arcuated hook. Palpi short, obtuse.
Tongue long, convolute, distinct, sometimes porrected in the
pupa state. Wings nearly entire. Abdomen lengthened, conic ;
the tip pointed, and not bearded.

Generic Type Sphina Convolvult Linn.

SpecIFIC CHARACTER.
S. alis subdentatis, cinereis (in maribus liners fuscis variatis) ; posticis
rufis, margine nigro; abdomine pallido, cingulis atris circumdato.
Wings slightly dentated, cinereous (in the male variegated with brown
lines); posterior rufous, with a black margin; abdomen pale,
with black belts.

Gmelin 5. 2375.13. Fab. Ent. Sys. 3. 362. no. 21. S. Ello. Drury,
vol. i. p. 59. pl. 27. fig. 3. (male.) Cramer, pl. 301. D.
EEE
Ir is in all things better to understand few subjects well
than many imperfectly ; knowledge may be extensive, but it
cannot be sound, if it is at the same time imperfect; and,
applying this observation to the present article, 1t becomes as
desirable, where necessary, to illustrate an insect known to

Linneus, as to regard only the accession of new species.

The two insects figured were received from Jamaica by my
friend Dr. Leach, and there can be no doubt they are the sexes
of one species. The upper is a male, and agrees with Drury’s
figure and description ; the lower insect is a female, of which
no representation has been published : as for Cramer’s figure,
if intended for the former, it is really so bad that it can hardly
be quoted as an authority, and it appears to have misled Fa-
bricius, in thinking that the female insect had a brown stripe
on the anterior wings, whereas that character is more appli-
cable to the male.

The insects I propose retaining under this genus are such
as have the body lengthened, pointed, and not bearded at the
tip; the antenne but slightly thickened in the middle, and
the terminating hook gradual, arched, and not very acute:
these comprehend the first section of Latreille’s genus, Sphina,
and are by him again divided into two groups, the one having
the wings entire, the other angulated.

Pi. 81.

4.
yore
’
rit
_"

§2

yy

ae

a
Sad ai col

yi ' . 5 A ! oe. me, | wa
. 7 “Sas = sy) ) 4 ’ a7 ¥
aA ‘ ¢ 4 n fap aye ; - - ;
aah - T 6 woe tape haa ae Bike, r
pe a , 4 y : . ‘ . : bd o> tote — er
, } ‘ ve *
Sr 4 - eyvtl-4 >
is ’ { «
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war) " ba a i of
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i
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oa , v
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i. a + i

TROCHILUS nger,
Black Humming Bird.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Rostrum elongatum, rectum vel arcuatum, flexile, gracilimum, ad basin
depressum, mandibuld superiore inferiorem amplectente et tantim non
obtegente. Lingua jaculatoria, bifida, tubulata. Nares basales,
membrand tectx, aperturd in longum fissd. Pedes sedentes, minim.
Alc longissime, subarcuate, remigibus prioribus longissimis, ceteris
gradatim brevioribus.

Typus Genericus 7, Moschitus Linn.

Bill long, straight or curved, flexible, very slender, the base de-
pressed, the upper mandible folding over, and almost covering
the lower. Tongue long, extensible, bifid, and tubular. Nostrils
basal, covered by a membrane, and opening by a long slit. Feet
sitting, very small. Wings very long, curved, the outer quill
longest, the rest gradually becoming shorter.

Generic Type Rudy-crested Humming Bird Lath.

Spreciric CHARACTER.

T. nger ; auribus aliquando rufis ; tectricibus, caudd uropygioque colore
subviridi nitidis ; rectricuum lateralium nivearum apicibus colore
chalybeio tinctis.

Black; the ears sometimes rufous; wing covers tail and rump

glossed with green; lateral tail feathers snowy, tipt with steel
blue.

a

Lixe the resplendent jewels of the earth, the Humming
Birds are the living gems of the air. United to the most
delicate form, these fairies of creation have the dazzling efful-
gence of every tint that sparkles from the ruby, the topaz,
the sapphire, and the emerald, lavished on their plumage ; they
seem created but for our admiration, to sport in the ardent
beams of a tropical sun, and to feast on the nectar of the
sweetest blossoms; and, like sparks of many coloured fire,
they shoot from flower to flower, exulting in their little life
of brightness and pleasure.

To return, however, to that now before us, it should be
observed, that it is the only species whose plumage does not
in any way accord with that of the rest of its brethren. No
author appears to have described it, although I met with it
very frequently in Brazil: a specimen in the British Museum
has the ears reddish brown, but this seldom occurs. The figure
is of the size of life. All the species are natives of tropical
America.

Pl. 82.

seu ESILCORT 29 ee
¢

neat ated ; ; ‘
HG ii ~ att % See Beets pte riuan
ie : a u Pa . 7 4
EY Be: hie hikty velar, hy ey —— :
; o <i . , t = 9 i i 5 gis
ETD NTE SRI ORR. AN ice Deed é
_ . i ’ , 4 ‘ ~
To AGUEAT SE oe koe it aa ce ‘ ay Ween 1; Sy ve .
7. a a , ‘ " . + ae ‘ :
vay PROEVER UCONN AL GVUSS ELT BL Oey agus ae TS eG iz E
ha
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OY a a
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r
ee {
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eoanyibe. an levees Ayia, RG
Waa Fate ae I
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Li a T f° 4 , P f a\ . am ae | fy i a }
pal Cea tr | ap val ’ x
Le . s. . -
wer i ‘ ' ‘ o J “. 7
ais ‘ i’ i? , x i 3
‘ ‘ =
gre let f é aes WE NS oe f
sang “ily F j "te 2 j
Jats , a
P ; oll ; : a ; ‘ : ei, y
‘ ¥ » 4 om x
7 3 seed ‘ ii pow sv'Ns 8390 gO) sais ft OS
¥ - . t i os . é 4 Al
. : Pere are .
SIE Ie S ae, £49 ym aah loot Aker haraneds
S , t ‘ »! *

7 eh : Ds f i FIT a ore ver YuS us

de eM A Pe A: eae a Vom its
sity + Fe Tf aus we eT YIOF
SWE) ed Wd jamaeoit & - ond egal
OWI fi uf id laok ody JO RI
, - Worst oy
A : DY ok F
. * ,

TROCHILUS falcatus,

Sickle-winged Humming Bird.

GENERIC CHARACTER.—See Pl. 82.

Sreciric CHARACTER.

T. viridis, guld pectoreque mtidée ceruleis ; corpore anoque cerulea-
viridibus ; rectricibus paribus, rufo-cinnamomins ; remigibus extc-
rioribus falcatis, scapis dilatat 0 compressis.

Green; throat and breast shiuing blue; body and vent blue green;
tail even, rufous cinnamon; exterior quills falcated, the shafts
dilated and compressed.

SEE

Noruine can exceed the dazzling brilliancy of colouys
united in this little creature. It is, however, more remar!.-
able from the extraordinary construction of its wings, t:
outer quills of which are greatly curved, and the shafts d -
lated to a most disproportionate size ; a similar structure oc
curs also in the Broad-shafted H. B. of Dr. Shaw, (7’. lat:-
pennis.) That it is intended to fulfil some important office i»
their economy, will admit of no doubt, for in wisdom are a.
things made; conjecture must, however, in numberless 1::-
stances, supply our want of real knowledge ; and it may n«:
be improbable that such additional strength in the wings h
been given them as a defence against the small birds of pre.,
(Lanw. Lin.) which abound in tropical countries.

The figure is the size of life; bill curved from the bas
with a black stripe between that and the eye; plumage abo: »
deep shining green, most brilliant on the sides of the new
ear feathers blue green; chin and throat of a most bril:
deep violet blue, changing in some lights to purple, becom: ::
ereenish on the breast, and blended with the green of
neck ; all these feathers are disposed like scales ; vent go «.
green, with two tufts of downy white feathers round the th:
Tail even, the feathers broad and truncately rounded, «
rufous cinnamon colour, tipt with a purple black bar;
middle feathers darkest, and glossed with green.

Of this rare and unrecorded species, a fine example ex's.
in Mr. Bullock’s Museum, which was purchased to enr:
that of Paris: another, more imperfect, was sent Mr. Batis
from the Spanish Main. The male of 17’. latipennis is un.
scribed, Dr. Shaw having only seen the female; both sexc.,
however, are in my possession. The plant introduced in tv
plate (Ciitoria Plunueri) is a native of Brazil.

Pi, 33.

apseoter EO ITUOORE (yeas ‘ek
; PEAR Ss eae , By

. 28 * _ 7
RRR cat >

> 4) 1 eee Er CAMA “oth 45hee * =
7 ah she ~~ fe
7 >, o WP G.: a ag > ian =
LPO Se St hts 7 7
!
WW Vek SUG ae ae wow UTA vainly. whgerk oN :
4 f
bark t ts re fis A 8 fi yt Dy ML a Fees (V2 <
: a = ' t “
; ’ vin'y j iw wi lLési |) See,
, 2
i . ! 4 i 2 a OT j 7 _ ~Hk
ell OS) hil Pe wiley) j ia rowed Ve he > ete} : .
bile ete ai hei IR : ang?" ad Bie sel eee. pa ose ries _-
(aa ON? livia aloha
‘ a =a =
wo ~weetorehy yipene—, ©. os : ‘a
Py ® * ~ - {
: we oS
PG Be TOE TER ag He SHMRPE yA Fy Bey ees ne
FAT WOT, oF ba Md ‘Ope, al al seria bea hiee
4 > ry ae
bi “8 PF hii ' hessiey é Hay! Hi ture § slta f Be
URE a i Lhe atd) Lat bau nO VO Ree pee ws
PPR 6 cia! a oe Semi te? mit pape bh ey Ere ad: Stanh ‘

Ba

Vey alle ile ty? TEED os alee Bene a a
Ciiglel Pies TOY Longe gt om) cbt a a ey CAE, }
; f

y

Wile. (adh Pel ad 08) He Fulatvst) “geen ine Fae Ae Wiese jie =
th Fel ead tyes COL Aa oe ee wthag eee) t es 0 ula &)
A aay) M ty Pyyeak si hate py hy ath ¥i jite waogat
eon ail ok ute th te, Se ee til inert URS 7
oa ee NN, 8 art ts ; > al Oe hyiet Sey: tee ih copa
! gest, “iL Choe dissent vi Ap eh TawAd

i oa 4 Y
alt t. eCiom 7 ‘els ha. ale ares ei Dt h a wil = 2
i

f a= j a ¥ 4
ee (ae hganii tiny Be OB Sa ay a aa whet be
PTO fee ht eM) By Pee eae es yee sléhe (3a ~
=17 aha is bey (2 Whe A % 2 O29018 idl See
tl ut Tee cae ‘ia ae i leo ee 3 bce Hyped
s-4G0 i ee TAA trol royy Heme yeets cee Ty

125 AE (STR > arene v sate fas | ee fia Res S
boht 7&0 Sy el Dea es Inge othr oes x
1h) ee Paar a ty tal via avi Pl icacut & #
JOD 7 6a fe eee ee bey is: al Sed lst
MME iy pip it Siieleo Wolitsanges ay

7 ATES UE Teuelac wae iabsd gue!) B42 = ato slabs 5 r
Wes Se tata sge Goth OO ar eid eet ara 1

(0! Seavey oni eae aia ipars rut 2 dnclitl Ay ay
~ ) 1G tie ane Pi Anya FIT) 69) Liss er $6 sea}

~ ARR AV. om im oie oa nates hi oie aU avait .

ihe eee i ch iV (gaa yhie'sg mittvou wee beediisa’ |
Cl bea edhe a nGtepaanog Yar ae oR _avawod
Alinghi (6 aie oat Unni srinhV) obaliy

. many |

ae ee y

ACHATINA emarginata,
Notched Achatina.

Generic CHARACTER.—See PI. 30.

Speciric CHARACTER.

A. (div. 2.) testd productd, sub-flavd, fasciis viridibus flavisque ornatd ;
aperturd ovato-rotundatd, albd ; labio exteriore medio inciso ; bast
emarginatd.

Ach. (div. 2.) Shell elongated, cream colour, with green and yellow

bands ; aperture ovately rounded, white; outer lip notched in
the middle; base emarginate.

-

A new and very delicate species, which may have been
overlooked as a variety of 4. virginea, from which it differs in
the comparative length of the basal whorl, which in that is
remarkably short, in being a much more elongated shell, in
the mouth being oval, but above all, in having a conspicuous
notch in the middle of the outer lip, where the green band
commences; the aperture (excepting the inner lip) is pure

white. It is in Mr. Dubois’ possession, and its country
unknown.

ACHATINA vittata,
Ribbon Achatina — middle figures.

A. (div. 2.) testa ovato-oblongd, crassd, albente, vittis nigris fuscisque
angustis ornatd ; aperturd ovatd, sub-contractd ; columelld tantim
non recta ; bast subtruncatd.

A. (div. 2.) Shell ovate-elongated, thickened, fulvous white, with
narrow black and brown bands; aperture oval, slightly con-
tracted ; pillar nearly straight; base sub-truncated.

Gualtieri, tab. 6. fig. A.

annem oo on eee

Aurnoven unnamed, this shell is obviously the same as
that figured by Gualtieri, who also describes it very tolerably.
This figure, however, is quoted by Gmelin and others for A.
virginea ; from which shell it is quite distinct: it is a thickly
formed shell, the base slightly truncated, and the aperture
very narrow, and reddish brown; the outer lip within is

thickened. From the same collection as the last.
Pl. 84.

mainmwntis —2-¥% 11, enh ey 5
paitiolok. Wahoo 4%: f ‘

- pats
7 +
ee rg .. =< :
Arie | gar — es wiv Age it) : Pa a
warsnanw AIM 9Ate '
» Waere uty) vrs aucune? eberee! Gant Ate A pari weal y ¢ “itr a
ven 5 RYE mao aris Vi ou) rl ‘obs yh \obaw ote i yey ba
bles g i.
wide ele riswhy Hale Melos mul ity hep lu oda CoS ia *
iedtidanodofhyine cla shshulis yi etareneae ft alvectuady, . a
7 er i) sand psibdia ails Soa:
a and ©
Tee eval vin a Lh linia Vanity fy ey {ae Ve) Se A ;
sei satel ob aber areal woincre RS te ET ae ea peduohiew.
és tous ct atte i tive lumiel ont lo Se enameos HAG -.
ni tale Hodes ovate akan oo perry ae use oi laaipation 7 f
anos taenttrs Pe nt ile ovodiad thal aed J) soomads PS
bind gation) wrote yal ciino ahi ty ol Les it wl ans iloton sf *
sin ek (ih tute Silt ipods) SIMA GE ea Qu aaa
FitNGD Vth Wros Ob asad, aIAaS lA wine Jb aphadls
. ; wenousdat =
apts VARA ;
sereeiay, sh at —- pbs’ ‘a edt ne
a ie Ee! @
a AN vei ma oONE el at A ys tt bawohans Citi A$va' i. G any) ¥
hte \wai® ply: yy Wot IW VAAL ee yy Tha k 1 IG “ as\aire MS
sb\eniatte rare /; Yin hot
den { pel airs fist aintic ow } hy tay nols- att vi) inne (2 vib) A 2
Hie VL gile bares OCT ‘jo sade me awond fui Aoule-wowen -
+ Hogetnauesiacd ne peeled: ahaha hey bea ining re » Darwish 2
oh ee iw Voiloa) ‘
a A ll ll a a :
PY Te) a ae ton itt foc eee A |
WR IYATECE Cen Ct el
eetwat aiudite Leu, cplsna? “i Lnsvinp) 48 svowod omgh elt st
ylAvidl a ai si sdorcipalls dba ante Laale Horie weott 4 noitytet |
x
urine au! hing polgonnas uta gat adit dieda boamet )
rf

ei suid ail ‘a> Oi) seid dail byt bis. voted ya
elenk of? an ibli* allion, snena qld ior wbenodauls
ae wh

ce ae tg (a
Ne

SO un
Ae pie

By Nuk * ee.

\

rete fais: ei Bh: am eh ;
estan ede fhe <b, \2 7
Ore : Bs apis ere a ae
a “° Liege mane abut
bt eee tia, Aes

rs Hh ae

Roi? is ees. iat a
he at vi ee fart pte is) Bo

rat ere ae a beanies al Pd arg wns

a

ane the eat ne cine

penepitts ;
bila fe Sipe ; vik

oe olga Biaeeei 4 Satna ie
- Pes, ‘lee Me ’ .

Lerdesteeiteg ja:

f ne ire 7, “ee is oe

.

t ‘ ‘Od 5. ee 0 ad : tC 7 >
p ‘ om ‘

way y ee | eh, eae rity Va v ee DY # Ae
Ree ¥

=
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% S Mie , bd

, _ 7 Say ks 4 ee ee ee G
: yw e * ‘ —-
— el RE TIA Bs diy 4

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disets! ts at we ea lees Pa
i
batt : ; s,s
, : i ‘
‘
. : é or b!
, 5 jel ¢/ Pep \ 4
, =
F ' : :
;
‘

IANTHINA fragilis,

Common Oceanic Snail—upper and lower figures.

GENERIC CHARACTER.
esta subglobosa, tenuis, fragilis. Spira depressa. Labium exterius me-
dio emarginatum. Columella ultra aperture basin producta. Ani-
mal marinum, vesiculd solidd pede suppositd instructum.—Cuvier.

Shell subglobose, thin, brittle. Spire depressed. Outer lip notched
in the middle. Base of the pillar projecting beyond the aper-
ture. Animal marine, with a solid vesicle, placed under the
foot.—Cuvier.

SpectFric CHARACTER.

1. testa pallida, anfractu basalt angulato ; basi complanatd, striata, vio-
laced ; apertura latiore quam longiore ; labio exteriore profundeé
emarginato.

Shell pale; body whirl angulated; the base flattened, striated and
deep violet; aperture broader than long; outer lip deeply
emarginate.

Helix Ianthina. Gm. 3645. Lister. 572. fig. 23. 24. Turton. C.D.
p. 58. Gualt. tab. 64. 0. Mart. v. t. 166. fig. 1577.—8 ?

Tanthina fragilis. Bruguiere. Ency. Meth. pl. 456. fig. 1. a. 6.

Tue singular shells of this genus float on the surface of the
ocean, where they principally live. Gmelin remarks that
the animal emits a phosphoric light; and Captain Cook ob-
served that it is oviparous, and discharged, on being touched,
a liquor of the most beautiful purple. Dr. Turton and Mr.
Dillwyn have recorded several British localities for this shell ;
and the former notes having seen it alive, but without giving
any original account of the animal. The extreme brittleness
of the shell is such, that, although common, it is very rarely
seen so perfect as here represented, from shells in my own
cabinet. All the figures I have seen are very defective.

IANTHINA globosa.

Globular Oceanic Snait—middle figures.
I. testa ventricosd, bast productd ; aperturd longiore quant latiore ; la-
bio exteriore leviter emarginato.
Shell ventricose, the base lengthened; aperture longer than broad ;
outer lip slightly emarginate.

Tus notch, which in J. fragilis extends the whole length of
the lip, in this, is very slight, and nearly central. Mr. Dubois
has enabled me to figure it from specimens in the greatest
perfection ; it is much less common than the last.

Pl. 85.

A oF ine i oe Aor te
; ( a Wa Oy
- ‘ ‘ye, ADE vi lt.

; a AN
. . ; mane, viabe is
Lan ! é x z ;

vm
y
* =

fe vA a re yt at ik YORE i. :

ee a wg sa vid ine ee a DEAR: mie) HOKE At

PSttetuad a> or on eat) Se te ea ?

5 eae eS amnion Mata mire” ty OV) HRA ae clipe i eite les re
See. wdulie AG, sll SCV aay mY SW isan) eg ie aie GS ie" eM:

Le oT ear nb ah Gots Sie) Uta? Ih nly haa Be ¥ ol oat

ati, eee ai whey,

abcd coda Dehn atta 1S eae

j | ‘4 4 it st bs ae '
; r te Te A C
ETS Rast ered) tea ey wettyint wedi 1 ee if eS ey pil aS ty ;
i r i 7 i : ") ‘ ¥ fase
y j ace ' a | ° ,
Bathe UU all Mr oe 4 ih ‘ :
’ ’ RY A * "y ue ae “14 > ee , 2
; 7 a _ Seay
——? “ ® iy
7 SPAT AS ee ‘ i a, =
> 4 7 a ¥ i —
‘ yl ‘ ' , ) ab ‘ ‘ . bila d oo a .
oti? RYb) thay CAV eee f £ } i, au a ‘yi Shy \y OA teeta mM. ait oH 11 i 4 Piss +e ie
‘ Rpts ka ee : ‘ putea a. ° 2 : ;
yn Vig PULP ee ey: LY Ne EAL ASH ka ae ie Wis ay wi of ms
r ‘ ; . eS Sion, ' :
'
Faure baat R ity y ; ae veh hie MLA .
} i re ; yo
se it) 5 \ ‘i } ' 7 f
>. = ‘ i
ae
5 tye : ¥ q Ae
me Ae, 341% ‘ Moyen ot 4 Nt » eas , +
"’ on at

7 a}
P pila a 4 U F: ey - = } 7 eS a
y Fees A TNA a Cie <¥ Ae Ped Ah SDVY oe head Uy tena =,
7 ; : 1

* a ‘ i r
ore aq Tp ene oA as r
“4 fe pd) TSS Pe iy OMEN poet. fit I e

et Caen emtkin (7 RAYE sackiean : a
(iti ae ee Bs he ec ‘Hie ge Tey: se tf ral r
hei peti: en ¥ Ti) ae " rina ae
; ae clipes A it aay Aa ie cine ; «$F

1. (yee eee. Tay Deane

oad pa ttt if caren wh Sek geht Sea alt ii a vA 2

f Aesth boise Rose ese avail
piviy i Peshs bey devel pri yes’ ret aise PTT o has DIN
apanell ud Saantys oh Babine ih daar ieee Ae 7 ae
yin eae? Ras Ai LtEpe % Sale a) eer nie My Heike age 1a. :
fr y t Ye tatn es ray) a dbeloq On eaie
St Se ae En Pots o i? Tike fis Jjaitdae
7 i ~
eth YY) isi “haste .
Aolvalla\ asl waar aig a Winery std “syartrcucire } ae Ai y
anny 2. AA esate roan ial aturvlar on ,
a | wil: diy bh > 4 ats f [PIAA seg barat! aneil fy ¥; pad ¥ Pedy ve fina n Se
5 oe , oad eines Py S04 i baal ve nit vs “Ne : » 4
en Coe : A ain

WwW feral eitust ve ol ffir NW 2 6 Vis av, si at at@e ago sak . \ :
Biota a {rit vy fuler #1 (ean, i Mew ai cette he il wild x i
dijnurg 30! AT aidmisanal itor dr amnig tat Say balkens aed “he
deh wil? ft sult SORIA ate at phoney 4} " bnoiostiay

on . ae

“
Py
a pt

ahs
it

4 te
wv

i oy a

hy ‘

‘ F

as ;
rast

; ee Woy Lee

Wy)

nat in ai Hide ne
‘ pe RATS ate i \

t cit bie ey hy

Pai ies Ba aiati

iy Aas ‘ ane ay is} ty
ecaais eee esti SoM
aoe ote iret an ;

inva
Tags he ka st
- aed : es taba
a NE ae ne as ala: weed ibe 1 vi ROE A wit
eee hd haces ae ila G. Xf ies heethy mi
ce ser yt irate he ee we vant. per ap Hub
PSUR 2 hie ary eee ae ee

i. eae age ee Fa Ne eae te it ae
ae bas Mee tet Meira tnt © Fee ita: A
Mes eon bate sean tang Leet)
ovo Teena Mies dBoakth vem
Veil Suteki Ras, cure aur eiait
S Se eS bat Whee pat why Rain Wi
moe meres haa Ly Ate be
| i Deaniiny4 Aish Syl) Coates ny

Prehkt. Raaestive: Road ey ew

: ‘gh ayes
. ; 2h) UL > a ri tres 44? ‘| “ane v a
he “— 4 wags i a Tau Ww Ag sia ei wif. Ses b ar
hy 44 Vad wet? has an lp pone Has Telush, x:

F ") " : ti

aa 1h Staabe Jat

ph beet at - te ee
th tbe ot le a ee
sii a) ; ; Egg "f 4 wit Yay
f Y ret aot ged Sole ode erat
+ haere wards i:

@ 1

CONUS Princeps,

Prince Cone.

GENERIC CHARACTER.— See PI. 65.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

C. conicus, coronatus, roseus ; liners fusco-purpureis longitudinalibus sub-
ramosis ; spird convexrd.—Lamarck.

Coronated Cone, rosy, with brownish purple longitudinal lines,
which are sometimes branched; spire convex.— Lamarck.

Conus Princeps. Gmelin. 3378. (omitting var. @ and y.) Turton. 4.
313. (omitting var. 2. and 3.)

Conus regius. Martini, vol. x. pl. 138. fig. 1276. Brug. no. 12.
Ency. Meth. pl. 318. fig. 3. Lamarck, Ann. du Mus. p. 31.
no. 10.

‘Tus Cones are remarkable both for their beauty and the very
high value attached to many of the varieties. They are like-
Wise a very numerous family, and, with three or four excep-
tions, are all inhabitants of tropical latitudes, particularly the
Indian Ocean. Bruguicre and Lamarck have each written
very able descriptions of the species, of which the latter
enumerates 179 recent, and 9 found only in a fossil state.

This is a shell of great rarity and beauty. Dead and in-
jured specimens are often seen, in which the deep reddish
brown colour is bleached to a pale rose, and the base worn
round. Of the live shell I have never seen more than two or
three ; and the finest of these is here figured from Mr. Du-
bois’ cabinet : it is a native of the Asiatic Ocean.

I see no reason why the original name of Linneus for this
shell should have been changed, although, under it, he has
evidently included other species quite distinct ; (his var. B.
being C. ebreus): indeed, it too often happens, "that in mak-
ing those alterations absolutely necessary in the present state
of the science, the spirit of innovation oversteps the justice

due to those, whose labours first laid the foundation of our
own knowledge.
Pl. 86.

sepoaitd C u ee 9 | eo

BLY ie ae cue
clea a
.* ae
y ete hh ELEN a nme , ; s _
D998 nanos AR oa ies 1 ee io Pins
5 inne ¥ ie : -
: . Sores. breeohas he ee
tap ais KT veel UR URC Les oh gs # StS 0 WS. > asta yates
. . ae: ve
3 Alyy eae,
y et her if whoa! ety on lg) ae . ey e se
ou” fenibo tao Miah stesso Vi eee aioe oe
shred kw ori Syke > bods Nied aiet aoa ore eae es
eeu) aN Tak RS i “iis T, sun: Se
Ooi itty SS rey erie 1 ae
; ¢ , i t ; arse } ; re AY
el, .@i eT kre MG) OS oe ang ead i ‘a
“ATR gus fl hy Sales ae on 5 Ra Na fa
; ; 47 aK eal
' Le bei emacw : =
2) 205 CS ee
t4 itckieetaa ‘bd nana
ALG)
f : Pitts ter Tee's Pe Seat &
‘ idole Haro eri ie
rhe ert aon ential er:
tobe aeg (Pina ih side ya" '
ri oa) ade & et ‘water steugs
Wits: YInens to Myiiduger may
rath gan cote cae uy ‘Doiad st
doy & Qt bullarsid 2i tials roi! ae
; ; Ls sr Pca aw ee Nae =
HG, poe 7995-37 ed hed oF if Sapte Laide
ag He iy it £90) tent otad. => uesal 16 deoel aly bar : aul
f : ne s Pe a ee a
Vesti qin st fo evita sai at's tact “as rf -
hare | °
aiih wit! jitaaar bite Brats it frie git itt veiw: oer ott-so. f }
eat on ie yal ae alt wnaihts (bE ganda (teed ovgil bedded Hada’
Ge. REN) iS titel ath up als ate “gifte tye yysloses ¢ aabive
sdunr in? anogqad waha dotd), beohul > ica 3 Suited 7
REDS Wro#0y } nit ii f i Thea ad “a Lites Fars PO 4 tr) 1 Nae ‘OTL \

GONE UT ROR a Po Tan. Vege I0F A ouhibe, oy yw
sno Too peaug Sri aigt ai) bial Jest: ssististal eeetve weil? oF anh
: pbeivond awe

Ri raf

s

87

fe

oe ae 4 angie an

oo <a Ne a aie pause aisha oa
ee Bi ately Pa th ey th lis

q oe ‘Ne o as cites as Fines ove eee Kecpti seh big, St
ote heh 2 : ‘ :
te WNT Ries a) he

as -" hice i" ~*
eaten ke cael: peat ae
Pee “ es he ae Narre 24
pe ray ie 72, tily | peta W's es ini, Pye
Wi tar dk Bar rs eh . arte,
p Aphis eee, t beke,' bi 550K ae
oi MRE ES te aie as ei aire ae Tab eat i!
ie Fei Sie satel it Abeiaas Hate
LenS Serer vLK Ay te ie i ane
Genes s ae eral |
bi Sed ear Pir ines * (de ome
Birra rink ae a meat +4 TN Sk VR
pete pais mete ak! te isi dperstie a ai wo fy hay Sea ede
7a : : pasts inipacthys Hake Hp, Prt). NS ing 8 E50) say

Ti eC summit Le S58 Ae Yak ne

ace age eee rota MK Patan shies obet as a
Whidibs iy ie aa Seas Bvt fe whe mit

ke eta ay ae
nen hae ricincaen .
= ee itd aan) had tie pia) at he Oe ae
aes FN “aetna Pei tabi ie de

" bes waaies bea Me ALE gti raat! Sei, te i ls ay * yr ie
a pe Ly gs eer ah eames ot RR Coie sel Sb a ea

ering MTT A ae ;
ne 4

SPHIN X Labrusce,
Wild Vine Hawk-moth.

GENERIC CHaRracTER.—See Pl. 81.

Spreciric CHARACTER,
S. alis integris ; anticis virescentibus, fascid triangulari centrali macu-
loque fusco ornatis; posticis medio ceruleo-nigris, margine fulvo ;
abdomanis lateribus punctis quingue nivers.

S. Wings entire; anterior greenish, with a central triangular band
and black spot; posterior bluish black in the middle, the mar-
gin fulvous ; sides of the body with five snowy spots.

S. Labruscee. Gmelin, p. 2380. 14. Fab. Ent. Sys. 3. p. 377. Cra-
mer, pl. 184. a.

eee

Lanny xus has well observed, that the great distinctions of
his three genera of Lepidoptera, were, that Butterflies are
seen on the wing only during the day; Hawk-moths, or
Sphinxes, at the rising and setting of the sun; and Moths
during the night. The insects of Europe, indeed, offer but
few exceptions to these characters; but the habits of certain
exotic tribes, in each of these families, partake both of one
and the other in a remarkable manner. Thus, among the but-
terflies, there is a genus in South America (hitherto unno-
ticed), which fly only during the dusk of evening : a number
of the Linnean Hawk-moths prefer the meridian heat of the
sun ; and there are not wanting several moths which are only
seen during the same period of the day.

The insect, however, before us, is of that tribe to which the
remark of Linneus is strictly applicable; and, although in-
cluded in the Systema Nature, has remained without any
correct representation, for it would be difficult to delineate a
worse figure of it than that given by Cramer. Besides the
row of five snowy white spots on each side of the body, there
are four pair of others, more dusky, down the middle, and five
small black dots near the outer margin of the fore wings ;
the colour of all beneath is a buff yellow, with two faint dusky
oblique bars, and the middle of the fore wings sea green.

I have received this species from Jamaica; in its larva state
it appears to feed on the wild vine.

Pl. 87.

= re . D : me | roe i a
eee i rai KY it if ct a
ee vi aay “shoseaian kt st m sai

26a: x (= f i
dp ame LB ae 7 ae - ”
a = con : 2 ie - + i
ee H ee taliian rH Hf - ity
<wapit ayes segs sien) mh Ans it i say «niga Aly a +
' orth, ISIN, dina yaribonsi ‘ak Wy ct Be Wes is st Oa,
' : wy ay reins av ri: aia ‘ly 0.4 nt. bak Ke rSieoyoiens tie
“ag i cial hanitd, ak tei sail 1), olka, jeneiing: nsaiee, Ba =n
Det oN a! it i alg i dual fidaold oo ciotaog req afoot AE eee eed | bad
eg ataye vai but uli save iia le Te, ide 5 enavius aig oy ae
" - “ i ' 7 t: ; s : Nes
- Sa Wake Apt ae tol i BE One Le sit wi “scat om 44
ans i “4 "HK a aS - oe eae
\ une , i in ie era av t oh i, COR, ; A a
Mee: ' =) Sle ; : ud
i a awed |) tees are arc peer 1 ae - gz: i
7 rs a 7 Sa) Pi ee, Why ie Pfr t + an
Ce. BOM SITE a aie Oe byt) F a uae tes faa euil aut rae
yaa THI AISIN oa Py Re ee Aye 2 inp, b losemuay soa ane 1s :
| a ee! AY
; ae itt Bit oo ay sit h cue site - ye Uli ‘yaar ith 0 ussn~s ‘ i a
‘ethio’ wel ths ay ¢ saison HU Be ieee: ay) Pixs os sfiipap 4
he bho 1h. los aaa Pray atthe ay, MiLe yan .
ww seule a wap? “SG
4 oo a alias Sei a ty dow te ws ae .
ti Arie ein: Mild ie A % ee

oe” Saas asm) wait) & Hist BTS duo eT ce ee eh -oteilt agatha)

adit. > wittiva de, Tuan ly. aplen pty mn Aino “ft ont a “(boon

- Priceayes hijad iuibinsns sife tole Aton maak gaotartnd, sabi ie a 3

A ylne FIG TOME ating Uproved seid {iat AOU, Su stadt baw same
Beir ian eb oil ty bore) cane ooh perp lesteae:

sath cing: oe uly ie hive. htt Oe tae ful yw jae ahh? er

re lee fig nv ap i sldevillpje qaotite, 40 atic Je mee os

ues 4 Tk it Z bak el {rey eo ‘ee Gy! Uy one. ae ty babsilp a ars '

ee weary wr i oildag ally Tr ‘ub ible ve Mt mal wi thaels eer erg tosrran ;

6 ana ay ee | NO aed ed eg rt ied aaah Po sgt seao8.- :
Siailt.,' Oren ait io sen fait bw. whore aiviyt en oil te wot

wel data orate, auth inotry ig tau, GIT 5 eit Wo dora wos |

+ eae) gl ‘lt (eg hha PS a pay i b donid flewe _ ah

oe i ti Mabe? OREM aS hy ‘wil eas 4} Als nist Thea ts Toles alt
hel Dg wheal Maite | ln oa bch gif eoL NU (9 oN : A ite 234 alo a
adnde hve ij Adi fi 5 ie aes ig i a otek: ahs ‘i id bavsae't Vi L, ee ni i
ts sh . geile Take eth Se spaat ot OGL TT we f
; ye, Cas 7 ae :
y A Mall ivy ' a i ; -
il | + i : i an P . 7
( a aa he is
{ ¥ { _ ies r
+ : “i J - be
a Y ' aly
ee + = igh a) oN

on hea)

8

MITRA caffra,
Brown white-banded Mitre. — middle figures.

GENERIC CHARACTER. — See Pl. 23.

Sprcirric CHARACTER.

M. (div. 1.) fusiformis, rufo-fuscata, albo fasciata, levis, spird plicato-
striatd, bast rugosd, columella quadriplicatd.— Lamarck.

Shell fusiform, reddish brown, with whitish bands; smooth; spire
plaited and striated ; base rugose; pillar 4 plaited.

Voluta caffra. Gmelin. 3451. Martini 4. tab. 148. f. 1370.? Dill.
9. OAS,

Mitra caffra. Lamarck. Ann. du Mus. vol. vii. p. 208. no. 30.

Ir is not improbable that Mitra bifasciata, (Zool. Ill. pl. 35.)
may eventually be considered only a variety of the shell here
figured, which accords much closer with the characters given
of the Linnean M. caffra, than any other ; the two shells,
however, at the first glance, have a widely different appear-
ance ; yet not more so, than the smooth and plaited varieties
of Strombus vittatus Lin. I have therefore retained the cha-
racter given by Lamarck, as the best method to be followed
in doubtful cases. In this shell, the plaits commence half-
way round the body whirl; they are obtuse, crowded, and
not angulated near the suture; the striae between are fine
and decidedly marked; the base half of the shell strongly
grooved; the suture rather compressed ; the channel short
and not recurved, and the aperture striated.

MITRA crassa,
Thick Mitre — upper and lower figures.

M. (div. 3.) testd levi, medid crassa, fuscd, fascid angustd sub-albd
ornatd ; spird striatd, striis intus punctatis ; labio exteriore den-
tato; columella 5 plata.

Shell smooth, thick in the middle, brown, with a narrow whitish
band; spire striated, the strice with internal punctures : outer
lip crenated ; pillar 5 plaited.

A spxciss evidently unknown to Lamarck ; the upper mar-
gin of each whorl is thick and projecting ; the striz on the
body whorl are nearly obsolete, but on the spire become deep,
remote, and having internally minute hollow dots ; the inner
margin of the exterior lip is strongly crenated, the aperture
smooth, and the pillar with five strong teeth. I believe it
was brought from the South Seas.
Pl, 88.

+

teeta SNE BRE day ute ah: ary sa) aie atutoF Sapien) Ye:

ror ne CaS Ame te Hh a Nea vi Yet ups ta Shae ie Se At Soe,
Sr elena as ve sei " Hands =

ates, . Pani? satan st great Hod

ar ats aih oe aes 3 7 = 7 gal < be Bisco burs Tht th hige ~ } pa

; ‘ d ey
a P 4 : 7 At * >_< Pal
i) 7 ie y - : Ke oe AD
; a eae Lei ee See re Mare a 2
y ray oF. iJ oN aL hCt ; SARS taal wats ARE L at uv =, ie “
; 3. ri Hf 2 a 1 7 rite
—
ba ran’ My | ta = :
i we ae wt
ry PTL =~ 4 A + “Ki 1A
Fae } rape A Ps og A ~
7 j
Tees ee T ‘fy ON; SSE "ee Pit
eee eet tah ee< toae iE watt ee
; ; + 7 : r ,
Wi ; By a a i fae § ‘4 fs
‘pf prs? Z vd iu } f
‘ ; r x yf
BAMOAT ey eR We ak 2tae HS, %
de ? i 7 :
af } he oe a a y \ ‘
Gad | ty Oe jetties bak SoBe WIAs a Rabies aig ee keu en %o

Peet eht sg ahr pe ‘Fuel atehees ee vaRte gabe Wil be te iodous a

Kier) ' | ern i
oe Hi Z é j yavt ile Riis
: , cane fi j ‘ ; »
SYR. . ie Pa a Tye, Ob 12 Re ee
c 5
haa F i rust eon a: ray +. ralhdyhe. 2% a
Et ee yo Pde eo ? as :
‘s SES sas tal ra Sree | t H seh SHA i eh ee | ° .
a ma Lenn) he! 4p bee Renee ‘ = be
tain: |Salad. + Deen Fe, Tae ee es + LOS .
: iy | ot are ioe au Meare ; saat ee ss
< wif SEL EO ey Cet A bate, fa Fibs’ & Si «el Ah ts of ¥ -
5 ; 4 : a » - — >
= ey SVP Ea 7
ay j 9 P bs aa es eT :
3 : ' a date by ] oh :
y eee Aarti a
i J 7 7 ~* m2 =
é ‘ ¥ s ~ 4 as
ce been a \ F ' a) eee | | ne
ad fear os Deer ee SAS aM ore yeas en va Si ;
- i J *
GR NE aterm l peo i

Spy OS Wik S22RS, Aa RAILS Wie neta, by ac eivl oes i ng — ae
; my 4 ores PS nWiy. uo way
Hija, yu as. Cie chides pina kh iy ‘elbouaret Had :
Mogin) Lent ep an Ee aia ne dee one 3 hratied |,
Pi *bradinleg. ¢ wally 3 bsienews ail. a
Vda Pen Lie > ii da Na ale Hehaiie ) RADA Te A
SEP Gina Hil) 2 7S igecericeaay i aOeath wat wiv sloey Fear ‘er
cada (shies ehiee trol wl che bo Lesa kee Brea a
taht ats ro he eatlinn Wisi dele baa IONS is
Hub oiih Guds beteu eo Mpiaie ae th Shame: oh Taree
Sf avaiual . « oiniiaed: jiode ast aver ela sak Tea cone
| eS 88E% tinge. oehs miostady ood gave
2 abet r
4 ee 7
a y.

oi } We! Si

69

5 ae

Aa fet ae <a 1 ‘amt a ah, ake: Hal TE,
ae a oe oe ese Ae

a aha ie 2 a ee * is 4 i at ye me} bat
ae aye eae fy haba ah rend F owe nis re
ae ae me es ia ot Kant ti)

Meee ate ee? rhe
‘ Tews tas . ii ; .
at rm ee ae sch Mike ees ae
eee Pk a ae ee Ad io hig iat ae : x
| D a id eon a iia 5% Tyne? ky
Pig ' es mst Ou ie ededaes 07)
bas ae Ree: LY Gens Ya, hide age NAC Cine: bis
a ian it ry Kr bAvper ie. cee eon: 0 es
oa on pees lane. ; ; t (e
a eae Pe ERE es iriie Rae Basset! Soh! Poa yaad
one Tein ML ihe Le tral ne ysl Than Fer ay by : eo
bios aha bs \saas! the Sy AE cM MS ris de ke
“ “Hit: padi ie ay) ¥ oe sia: Be:
" peeoees Aine Py Aay wie i toate i a ae vi
Pht kc, pete i ails tit AIK, <d5. i? ae eu el Poe
a mt “ie ie al a ae ike hae « Kea het lice his
‘ie gtd iis ey wae. we ea Crrs: ey 4 ks
ie aarti yole< > peo
tee be, Oe abies! bie ite ae “a :
P gdets., Cal OL Olek. eee ae ae ome,
aes: ale eete : Th? eee eee
eer SRC is eked dt Mie” ae ‘a wat
c n fonh ache aa Gtabhice i ys stir (has hy +. ele “ae

= Wes,
‘ P
ef, .

eae

i

Any z J E RY } ae : ibe
: a A ! ; : J Pe
; np har : ;
ip thw pil tpi ak a
. si ~Y i ‘a PA
is “So dae het

1 sway iG a a wae |

: ‘ 5 ‘ : weirs arn ‘
‘ j Re wh ‘ b Syren wit he 408 Bet : ie ve
bi aad , yore poke ab ae

j j ' if ts bia ns, We 7 _

oh ' 1 AE, Ba ah i
‘ 7 ; : —— . iv rv wie Pa, :

. al aa vou” ely age anaes . re
‘ ; ‘ i Vor i 4 reel) nde? ioe

7 ’ is “ina '
re wie
iy y.

PSITTACUS murinus,

Grey-breasted Parakeet.

GeNneERIc CHaracTer.—See Pl. 1.

Sprcrric CHARACTER.
P. viridis, genis, auribus, guldque cinereis ; vertice, remigibus rectri-
clumque marginibus sub-ceruleis.

Green; sides of the head, ears, and throat, grey; crown, quills, and
end of the tail, bluish.

P. murinus. Gmelin. 1. 327. no. 80. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. p.101.

Grey-breasted Parrakeet. Lath. Syn. vol. 1.247. Gen. Zool. vol. viil.
p- 456.

EE ——

Tose of our readers who visited Leamington during the last
season, may have observed this noisy little creature uttering’
its discordant cries at the door of a small house near the
pump-room. I borrowed it for a day from the good woman
to whom it belonged, and thus made the drawing and descrip-
tion with the bird before me.

Dr. Latham observes on this species, that excepting where
the grey colour pervades, “ the rest of the body is olive green,
excepting the quills, which are deep green ;”—this may be
the female. He adds a quotation from Pernetty, who de-
scribes a bird from Monte Video, something near this ; but
which, from having a very long tail, a flesh-coloured bill, &c.
may probably be distinct.

The live bird could not be conveniently measured, but it is
rather larger than the red-shouldered Parrakeet, (figured at
pl. 62.) The skin round the eye white, and the irides hazel ;
the whole upper part of the plumage is a beautiful grass
ereen, changing according to the light into different shades ;
the top of the head, the quill feathers, and end of the tail,
greenish blue, in some lights appearing quite blue; the sides
of the head, ears, and throat, as far as the breast, bluish
grey; all the remaining under plumage yellowish green, with
a shade of orange in the middle of the body and vent; bill
‘and legs dark grey; this latter colour is so unusual in this
tribe, that I at first thought it indicated an imperfect plumage,
but I have now seen it at two different seasons of the year
without any variation whatever. It is probably a South Ame-
rican species.

Pl. 89.

x .
ney
* ; . &
te
Anish ie tm oy "Tt i yer
vari roe e ews gant Ye i
Np das orseerethdt ae Piha hee yh ¥
ET NS vse re cor a ED ae eRe py ; 9) La i
: i — , \ ‘~ : =a ;
ee ER 1) eH eon ia ones fgenal)
“BOTY RANI A ayonk > po iibayy) ude aay ee
: a Shae . the pass isttinh; A eT ty Sages © 748
jie ethane velry f vets f ” oil offs lov ad ada pee i
TOMAS Na ae aA late ie! otf to Bina pa
ROM ee eS WY Sa Aiba) SE Le be “SuUTsuitr ba? .
He lowkoek eet PRG “tae yee aie sioun't Matenait. ayes See
, ie bs é ae he ocd ots eee
ceil" 0 UNG TA as ead
i? f aa j ‘ . k. 4
hit 7. Ye sais 1 \ “a a has

Wiha AN ieey: eh oe ad ara
at shoe seein: asst i tg wis 6 OF In Or 1atra’y ib is. ee
denies ve Re wih) airy eb 1h te ek aeioit. Baebes aL
iia 3h. Bio ai wiih ood shai BHA Dah daa Eh soo oe OF:
i oar a -9m4 he oted, ivsit I ait) ie roe
otsil en gant nia Jed? wuisage wide to ebpeeeto omic hy 1 ee
afosig ovila ai vhod ait to tern weno” ap havidy uniloy yore aft 2)
od ysis eitt~—"; n9aTg Gakty ore aod ailtdp Hi Mesa pes
~ify OF me gts irate hs | mort Oot B06 ip ADDR af} mem aut -

Bats Wahi aur Oot 4 ant, noe bid @ eodtabea, ;
fags yw ht oh f dist Dui 4 dee ag: ai Pint ch Jloidyr
: | stip tiriory Be yldacterrg VERE 6,
tt dead “ho tire Raat qoosingyacs aif Jer, Hivos brabovil att mh
uf je Worl dena mint haxabluada eben ais neh eel saat OS
i aa) tet 4 es uo etithy a3 si! Pytet £4E ide od Ts Pie 6) Aq Bs
senre litiinned ba oe wertenarter” oift Yo Ned t ge is hw. cL
: walt 4 bie attily 107 iil BHF Of goth 19958, "ge LaTts Vip ¢ Pr? Sb ph
list ot Yo bas bas erodiett Minp att bas F aia to qos sill = .
gobi it ; old adlep BONKS ys aidyil sce wuld detuesy *
salild Vewad sty gs: wl es, decors bux sip best ott do +,
“Hii were daiwolisy aaratiolg 4 qobite 2uctinvsgiay wes He iam
Hid 2: a bik vbod sd} tn: atbbitr adi ai aycsi0 te Shoda g ee
nidd ot thuents Ga at avdlos adie sith iver shisha fag
euieialg 4 savant io batdoliul te slay ot far te I ged odin “
ben Oris, 16, by’ anon Jrotsiib ows de 4 see mun oven I god
Hines | itd drag Ni ae twotedy eon myey ye donediw
a i, pe eae, IBN, a
: AY tt |
. i

ont

90

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‘5 7 ae > = ae ;
| , 4 7 cn Ayre Oe peeay 974 £54 alow = :
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. o i 4 . hs F ee £
; ‘ mypi¢c :, . j 4; Bip) ally Ores y
F a
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1
.

PTEROGLOSSUS inscriptus,
Lettered Aracarz.

GENERIC CHARACTER.—See Pl. 44.

SpeciFIC CHARACTER.

P. fusco-viridis, capite guldque ngris (femine castaners ;,) uropygio ru-
bro; abdomine flavo ; rostri fulvi culmine, basi et apice mgris ;
marginibus dentates, liners nigris inscriptis.

Obscure green; head and throat black, (in the female chesnut ;)
rump crimson; body yellow; bill fulvous, the top, base, and
tip, black; the margins dentated, and marked with black lines
resembling characters.

———

I was put in possession of this rare and unknown bird, by
the dispersion of the most magnificent assemblage of natural
productions that ever marked the zeal of an individual, or or-
namented the capital of this kingdom. Mr. Bullock’s Mu-
seum is now scattered; yet the objects it comprised were
deemed worthy of enriching the public repositories of every
nation in Europe; who sent their learned men to purchase
with avidity, and share in the spoils of a Museum, the dis-
persion of which will be long regretted by the learned, the
inquiring, and “ the many.”

Total length, twelve inches and a half; bill, from the angle
of the mouth to the tip, two inches three tenths long, and
eight tenths across the base; the colour (which appears little
changed from that in the live state) is deep straw, or buff
yellow ; the top of the upper mandible and tips of both are
black ; parallel with the marginal base of the upper, is a
black line, which is very broad on that of the lower; the
edges of both are serrated, and marked by short black lines,
somewhat resembling oriental characters ; at the base of the
bill there is an elevated rim of deeper yellow; the ears, chin,
and throat are deep chesnut, margined in front with a narrow
line of black, (which parts in the male are entirely black ;)
the crown of the head and neck above also black, changing
to a dark bluish green on the wings, back, and tail; the rump
crimson, and the greater quills blackish; from the breast to
the vent straw-coloured yellow, with a greenish cast; the
thighs and flanks olive ; tail wedged, near five inches long ;
the orbits appear to have been black, and the feet green.

Mr. Bullock informed me he had the two sexes of this bird
sent him from the interior of Guyana.

Pl. 90.

dug inane aye201 OMA Boh tes

eth, a) hd Pe ky"
7 f ’ ¥ AY
h ES eg Tea Gutdine - a) -
Gia) : ps ¥: * tna) ST
14 ws a ANTS RIEL uD om a \)? rr
5 Ay OP oe oa a 7 » . :
1! i 1 , : tn
fat £1 Ww 31 orn | - :
sia ugh tes
rf orca, wh 7 .
i sr, -
a ails alin tak elt" 2 ae
ee ome nies jo? one ee ram fi ; dinate “qari eo :
AY 4 if ¢ oe oh ana? at
aside Parte aE Ww, had oni ba LA, bola a ui ye tha i bil pfank hit hm bs 7
iu ah a eee ie) + ae: ‘
anne ro uaa ae if
; 7 j

F 1G aoieaseneg nt ini a BAe i
aria’ Fo atk ise Wis shite Tae a} to no Siaiad ait-and..)- a)
oto da bivihahwete tues ads Ivghutes tors Sa), SON aN DOwy fk ma
au Ms Agolhee le” esoheaial auth te: see att Dodaasee 1S.
on bani 4 aes iho, add Woy ; botesiace: Wor, a coe
Fail ‘to earl ao er eet ating os it sat Vise tO yisiaw ban tab
nage yiite Le ty ik: baviwat qos f ‘SHe7e Le 7 oot! A rit | MOMS, ; ae
malty oH} iain to shoe sdk) ota ie bis wiibive Mine
ods thaws ml 0 ad Acad luiget gabl ad Ure dt ite to to stats

ithe « ‘yeaa cx alt bare panminpab .
akat aa aks ayes ict Pale ni dns Hail rEevioned decal InioT
bas aerod ekhns yy iE all S0k Owd ai) wit od diuont “oft Wee
oli baanan. sit ME)” rit nay aet, }

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LICINIA Amphione.

GENERIC CHARACTER. — See Pl. 15.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

L, alis ntegris, supra nigris ; anticarum bast maculo aurantiaco, trira-
diato, medio fascid flavd, apice maculo flavo ornatis ; posticis strigd
aurantiacd, margine ferrugineo ; antennarum clavis albis.

Wings entire, above black; anterior with a three rayed orange spot
at the base, and a central bend and terminal spot of yellow;
posterior with an orange stripe and brownish margin; club of
the antennee white.

Papilio Amphione. Cramer, pl. 232. f. EF.
Pieris Amphione. Godart in Ency. Meth. vol. 9. p. 165. (Female.)

EEE

Tuts is the only species among those I have united under the
genus Licinia, which has any shade of red mixed in the co-
louring, all the others being variegated only with white, yellow,
and black. It isa native of Brazil, and Godart mentions of
Guyana and the Antilles: though not common, it is some-
times frequent in local situations, preferring the borders of
deep forests, and flying very slowly. I had the means of fully |
ascertaining the two sexes, of which the two upper figures
are of the male, and the lower one the female. There can be no
doubt the latter is the Pieris Amphione, so admirably described
by M. Godart, who, however, makes no mention of the black
marginal spots on the under side of the posterior wings, re-
presented in Cramer’s figure, which may therefore be a variety.
More difficulty, however, exists in ascertaining if the male is
distinct from P. Lata, of Godart: the figures of Cramer, in
general, are so inaccurate, as always to excite a doubt in cases
of nice discrimination; Godart’s description, nevertheless,
perfectly agrees with Cramer’s figure: if it was, therefore,
drawn up from the insect itself, there can be little doubt
that Lava is distinct from Amphione; if, on the other hand,
M. Godart made his description only from Cramer’s figure,
the question remains in its original uncertainty.

The club of the antenne is white, tipt with pale brown.
The under side of the female very closely resembles the upper,
excepting that the black stripe on the lower wings is broken;

P]. 91.

and there are irregular blotches of white at the tips of both
wings, but no marginal spots, as represented by Cramer.

It will be found that Lictnia is the connecting genus be-
tween those of Danais and Pieris, of Latreille, and that the
transition between the last of these and Colvas is strongly
marked by that of Terias, (Zool. Ill. pl. 22).

What with the inaccuracy of figures, and the almost uni-
versal neglect with which the most eminent entomologists
have passed over this beautiful order, the natural arrangement
and affinities of the Lepidoptera still remain in the greatest
obscurity ; and it is recommended to those who may object
to the additional generic distinctions I have made, to examine,
in the first instance, the relative validity they bear in essential
character to the innumerable genera that are continually
created in the Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, and Diptera.

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PAB ELA O,
Butterfly.

Generic CHARACTER.

Antenne graciles, clavis elongatis, obtusis, sub-arcuatis, rard compressis.
Palpi brevissimi, reflexi, remoti, lingue basin vix obtegentes, articule
ultimo obtuso, minimo. Pedes antici longi, articulo. secundo infra
gibbo.

SECTIONES.

I. Greeci.

Pectore maculis sanguineis carente.
a. Ecaudati, alis inferioribus elongatis, basi angustd.
b. Percaudati, alis fasciis fulvis vel viridibus ornatis, infert-
oribus caudi, elongatis, angustis, instructis.
c. Caudati, alis inferioribus caudis obtusis, patulis, mstructts.
* Alis fulvo fasciatis.
** Als nigricantibus.
d. Dentati, alis inferiortbus dentatis.
e. Orbiculares, alis inferioribus brevibus, orbicularibus.

II. Trojani.

Pectore maculis sanguineis insigni.
a. Ecaudati, alis inferioribus elongatis, bast lata.
6. Caudati, alts inferioribus caudis obtusis, patults, instructis.
c. Dentatis, alis inferioribus dentatis.
d. Orbiculares, alis inferioribus brevibus, orbicularibus.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antenne slender, the club elongated, obtuse, slightly arched, and
rarely compressed. Feelers very short, reflected, remote, hardly
covering the base of the tongue, the last joint obtuse and minute ;
anterior feet long, with a gibbous appendage on the under part
of the second joint.

Pl. 92.

SECTIONS.

I. Greeks.
Breast without sanguineous spots.
a. Tailless; lower wings elongated, and narrow at the
base.
P. Sarpedon. Nereus C. Macleayanus G.
b. Long tailed; wings generally banded with yellow or
green.
P. Codrus. Sinon. Antheus. Podalirius. Machaon, ec.
c. Tailed; lower wings with obtuse patulous tails.
* Wings varied with yellow bands.
P. Torquatus. Thoas. C. Hioneus (Donovan) Se.
* * Wings generally dark, without bands.
P. Troilus. Paris. Severus. Pammon, &c.
d. Dentated ; lower wings dentated, without tails.
P. #geus et Erechtheus. Don. Amphitryon.
Drusius. Demolius C.
e. Orbicular; lower wings short, orbicular.
P. dissimilis. Similis C. Assimilis (Drury).
Polydamas? Lin.

If. Trojans.
Breast with sanguineous spots.
a. Tailless; lower wings elongated and broad at the base.
P. Memnon. Polymnestor. Agenor. Hector. C.

6. Tailed; lower wings with obtuse patulous tails.
P. Polydorus. Romulus. Coon, &c.
c. Dentated ; lower wings dentated.
P. Evander. (Godart.) Amosus? C.
d. Orbicular ; lower wings short, orbicular.
P. Priamus. Panthous. Amphrisius, Harmoniaet Cressida
(Donovan.)
ea
FE :
rom the earliest ages, the Butterfly appears to have
attracted the admiration of mankind; and we find it cele-
brated by their poets as figurative of gaiety and pleasure, and
by their sages as an emblem of the human soul. It has been
mterwoven in one of their most beautiful allegories, and has

been consecrated in our own days by several poets, though
by none with such exquisite taste and moral feeling, as by
the venerable Historian of the Medicn.

So few of those insects, generally called Butterflies, were
known to Linneus, that he included them al! in one genus,
dividing them, for the most part, into natural groups. Fa-
bricius continued this arrangement, with little variation, and
has left us the description of near 1,150 species! Yet before
his death, this laborious naturalist saw the absolute necessity
of dividing this immense genus into many others, and left
among his MSS. a sketch of his proposed arrangement, pub-
lished afterwards by Hliger, and partially adopted (we venture
to think also very imperfectly) by M. Latreille.

The insects which are therefore now left under the old
genus Papilio, are principally found out of Europe, and are
remarkable for their richness of colouring and immense size.
M. M. Latreille and Godart have described, with great pre-
cision, 146 species: it is, however, to be regretted, that they
have adopted no sections or divisions to assist the student in
his search after any particular species, among this extensive
number. The great disadvantage of this is very obvious,
and it has induced me to attempt something like a natural
distribution of those insects, which, with every care to avoid
an unnatural separation of kindred groups, I am fully aware,
in some cases, 1s very artificial, and it is only offered until a
greater knowledge of the larve, &c. will enable us to fix on
more substantial characters than those I have adopted. This,
however, will be a work of time ; and until then, I think some
guide to the ready knowledge of the species, however objec-
tionable, is better than none.

Much might be said on the affinities which connect this
with several other genera. Among the most striking is that
existing between them and the Noctu@(N. Patroclus Fab.) by
means of Pap. Leilus Lin. which thus stands between the
night and the day-flying Lepidoptere. Many of the insects
placed in our division of Greci caudati, are allied to Danais
Lat. by the larva of both having retractile hornshaped
processes, and the two genera seem still further connected
by Papilio similis and dissimilis in one group, and by P. Pria-
mus in the other; while the clear winged species from New
Holland seem to indicatg an affinity with the Heliconie.

The laborious and important investigations of M. Savigny
into the structure of the mouth of these insects are too well
known, to require a more particular notice in this shght
sketch of the subject.

Pl. 92.

PAPILIO Polymetus.

|

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

P. (Trojant orbiculares) alis atris ; superis fascia breviort ( feemine
alba) anticé albd, posticé cyaned, inferis dentatis, maculd coccinea
quadripartitd.

Papilio (T. orb.) wings black, superior, with a short white band,
which is blue at the base (in the female entirely white); inferior
dentated, with a four cleft crimson spot.

Papilio Polymetus. Godart in Ency. Meth. vol. ix. p. 35, no. 28.

a

First described by M. Godart ; unless, indeed, it may not
hereafter prove a variety of P. Lycander (Cramer, Pl. 29.
c. D.) which approaches as near to the male, as P. Hippason
does to the female. The first sex is here represented at the
upper and under figures ; the middle is of the female, which
M. Godart has not described. It is a native of Brazil; I
found it at Bahia only in certain woods, and subsequently
met with a variety in the province of Rio Janeiro, differing
only in being much larger. ;

PI. 92.

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PAPILIO Pandrosus.

SpecrFic CHARACTER.

P. (G. Caud.) alis atris, fascid communi posticarumque lunulis margi-
nalibus flavis; his caudatis, punctorum rubrorum striga intermedid. G.

Pap. (G. Caud.) wings black; with the common band and marginal
lunules on the lower wings, yellow; lower wings with obtuse
tails, and a row of red dots between the nerves.—Godart.

Pap. Pandrosus. Godart. En. Meth. vol. ix. p. 62. No. 101.

a

M. Goparr has anticipated me in the first publication of
this, and a great many other newly discovered Brazilian
insects ; it has, however, not been figured; and I take this
opportunity of expressing my doubts, whether this and the
next are not sexes of the same species, rather than two,
permanently distinct. I have not, at this particular time,
the means of referring either to my notes or my collections,
by which the recollection I have on the subject might be in
some way confirmed; and, until this is done, it is much
better retaining the two insects as distinct species: the
ficures of both will show their very close resemblance, in
every thing but the bands on the upper surface of the wings.

T found them common in the province of Rio de Janeiro.
Pl. 93.

PAPILIO Torquatus,

Speciric CHARACTER.

P. (G. Caud.) alis atris ; anticis fasciis duabus, posticis disco lunulisque
marginalibus, flavis: his caudatis, punctorum rubrorum strigd inter-
media. — Godart.

P. (G. Caud.) Wings black; two bands on the anterior wings, and
marginal lunules on the posterior, yellow; lower wings with

obtuse tails, and a row of red dots between the nerves.

P. Torquatus. Cramer, pl. 177, fig.a. b. Godart. En. Meth. v.9. p. 62.

ee —

Ir is singular that Fabricius appears to have overlooked
this species, sufficiently well figured by Cramer to point out
its leading characters, though very inferior to the beauty of
the insect. M. Godart has, however, recorded it in his
account of this superb genus in the Encyclopédie Métho-
dique; and the minute and clear descriptions which this
able entomologist has given throughout that work, merit
the highest eulogium. Our own figures will, however, render
a detailed description in this place unnecessary.

M. Godart says, this insect is found both in Guiana and
Brazil. In the latter country, I met with it only in the
province of Rio de Janeiro, where it is common.

Pl. 94.

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CINNYRIS chalybeia,

Lesser collared Creeper.

GENERIC CHARACTER.
Rostrum elongatum, gracillimum, arcuatum, apice acutissimo, integer-
L=.

rimo, ad basin depressum, lateribus compressis, marginibus inflexis,
subtilissimeé dentatis ; mandibuld inferiore convexrd. Lingua jacu-
latoria, tubularis, furcata? Nares basales, breves, nuda, ovate,
membrand fissd, jueta rostri marginem et basin aperiente, tecta.
Remigum penna prima brevissima, secunda pennis 4 proximas pari-
bus brevior.

Ob.— Maris cauda pennis elongatis 2 ornata, hypochondriorumque penne
longiores. .

Typ. Gen. Upupa Promerops Lin.— Certhia famosa Lin.

Bill lengthened, very slender, arched, the base depressed, the sides
compressed, the tip very sharp and entire, the margins bent
inwards and minutely dentated; under mandible beneath
convex. Tongue retractile, tubular, forked? Nostrils basal,
short, and broad, covered by a naked oval membrane which
opens by a slit near the margin of the bill. First quill feather
very short; the second shorter than the four next, which are
of equal length.

Ob. — Male generally with long feathers in the tail, and the side

feathers under the wings rather lengthened.

Generic Types. Cape Promerops, and Shining Creeper. Lath.

SpPeciric CHARACTER.

C. aureo-viridis, alis cauddque fuscis ; fascus pectoralibus 2 connexis,
anticd chalybeid, posticd angustd rubrd ; caude tegminibus supe-
rioribus chalybeis.

Golden green, with brown wings and tail, and narrow pectoral band,
bordered above by another of steel blue; upper tail covers blue.

Certhia chalybeia. Lin. Gmelin. 475. Ind. Orn. 1. 284. Brisson.
3 tab. 32. f. 1.2?

Le Soui-manga a collier. Vieill. Grimp. p. 40. pl. 13. 14.

Collared Creeper. Lutham, Syn. 2.709. Gent. Zool. 8. 196.

EEE

Tuts splendid family may be considered as the Humming-
birds of the old world, inhabiting (I think exclusively) the
tropical regions of Africa and Asia. To the personal ob-

servations of M. Vaillant we owe the first, and indeed the
PI. 95,

only detailed account, of their real economy, and which this
enterprising ornithologist remarked during his travels in
Africa, and published in his work on the birds of that con-
tinent ; a work which will be valued and consulted when
most of the systems framed by closet naturalists will be
forgotten. A

M. Vaillant records a singular fact respecting these birds:
which is, that the males only assume their rich and vivid
colours during the season of courtship ; at other times they
are scarcely to be known from the females, whose plumage
in general is very plain. Another bird, very nearly re-
sembling this, has been figured by M. Vaillant under the
name of Le Sucrier @ Plastron rouge (Ois. d’Af. pl. 300.);
his reasons, however, for separating them, are, I think, suth-
cient, at least until more forcible ones are adduced than mere
conjecture. Our figure is the size of life; on each side the
breast is a tuft of yellow feathers ; the back, neck, and head
shining golden green, changing in various lights. The female
is said to be the Certhia Capensis of Lin., which is greyish
brown above, and paler beneath.

The different generic names which have been given to
these birds by modern systematic writers, require some elu-
cidation. They were originally placed by Linneus among
the Certhie ; out of this genus [liger formed another by the
name of Nectarinia, in which he included not only these
birds, but many others allied to them. From this genus of
Illiger’s, Cuvier separated a part under the generic appella-
tion of Cimyris, a genus which comprised those species of
Illiger’s Nectarinia only which are found in the parallels of
latitude of the old world. So far these changes can be
understood; but Professor Temminck, without noticing this
previous arrangement, places the birds belonging to Cuvier’s
genus Cirnyris, under his own modification of Hliger’s Nec-
tarinia, while to the Nectarinia, as characterized by Cuvier,
he gives the generic name of Cereba. This last change has
introduced great confusion; for the student must bear in
mind, that Cuvier’s genus Nectarinia corresponds to Tem-
minck’s Careba; that Cinyris of Cuvier is Nectarinia of
Temminck ; and finally, that all these are included under
Illiger’s original genus Nectarinia! M. Vieillot has still
further added to this unfortunate multiplicity of names, by
giving that of Mellisuga to Cuvier’s Cimnyris. This may
truly be termed a war of words. In the meantime, as
Cuvier was the first who, by giving the name of Cinnyris,
designated the Sucriers of Vaillant, and those only, his de-
finition and generic name to these birds should unquestion-
ably supersede all others.

baw f
ee ee
CL Poy

96

oar iP iW

Ae

;, : es a + 1 i) ye 1 aie id “s 3 Pad a by 4

’ hate bce’: t it oF To ae at
¥ aye a “s hae

, z

eae AYO, aS

os ae oe

oY Sime Wei) r ee a
deb Fe (pate atl gate RTS WO tea ata
Ne" Ay. VR), y “Che OTE) : ‘on
~~ ie 4] sj io a
uty ayes dnteta'6 Yt: yee, ane
Mn ey ic ae CT, ba ab oe
¢ i ‘ ; Y : : yi
J Sy , i 7 Wis ¥ $ aytialt Peay 7
i ee s% Lea re) ihe a 1) re . i 7
mid ee
: * : ¥% Tapa Pics - i
jaya bind yaddenthiubta Ae
tou tratug la. 9 75
: 2 ' ; * i ha 8 _ 1
, 7
i , ie
. ‘ ‘ ft
\ ‘
a ,
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- if

ANODON rugosus,
Wrinkled Horse Mussel.

GENERIC CHARACTER,

Testa transversa, plerumque tenuis. Cardo linearis, edentulus. Lamina
cardinalis glabra, aliquando levata, antice sinu sub ligamento de-
sinens. Impressiones musculares 3. Ligamentumexternum. Animal
Aweratile. ;

Typus Genericus Mytilus Anatinus Lin.

Shell transverse, generally thin. Hinge consisting of a simple mar-
ginal lamina without teeth, smooth or slightly raised, termi-
nating at the anterior end in a curve or sinus below the ligament.
Muscular impressions three. Ligament external. Animal flu-

viatile.
Generic Type Duck Mussel Pennant.

SpeciFIc CHARACTER.

A, testd ovato-oblongd, crassd, convexd, antice oblique rotundatd ; intus
fulvd, margine rufo; margine cardinali leviter curvato, infra
umbones crasso.

Shell ovate-oblong, thick, convex, anterior obliquely rounded ;
hinge margin slightly curved and thickened beneath the
umbones; inside fulvous, with a reddish margin.

———E

"Tue shells now arranged under the kindred genera of Unio
and Anodon are exclusively fluviatile, or inhabitants of fresh
water, and are dispersed both in the old and the new world.
In the Linnean system, the first, being furnished with teeth,
are placed among the Mya ; and the latter, from having none,
are arranged with the Mytili. Two common shells, in our

wn rivers and ponds (Mya pictorum, and Mytzlus anatinus
Lin.), will readily present to the student the characters by
which they are severally distinguished. The shells of the
present genus bear such a general resemblance to each other,
and are so simple in their construction, that a corresponding
minuteness of discrimination is requisite to characterize the
species; I have, therefore, selected for this purpose the
modification of the upper margin to which the ligament is
attached, and which in other shells forms the bases of the

Pl. 96,

teeth. This I have termed the hinge margin. The form of
the notch or sinus which terminates this part will also be
found of much importance in discriminating the species;
for no shells vary more in their form, thickness, or convexity
than these do, according to their locality, age, or other
circumstances.

Shell transverse, oval; rather thick and ventricose ; both
extremities obtuse; the anterior side (from the umbones to
the exterior margin) obliquely rounded; umbones promi-
nent; hinge margin rather thick, slightly curved, and swelled
immediately under the umbones ; sinus short, abrupt, curved ;
epidermis coarse, black, and much wrinkled; inside stained
with yellow, and having a narrow reddish rim or margin.

For this species, now, I believe, first made known, I am
indebted to G. C. Bainbridge, Esq. of Liverpool, who re-
ceived several specimens from the United States. It ap-
pears to have been unknown to Mr. Say, who has published

an account of the land and river shells of North America.

The student might be led to suppose, that the two genera
of Unio and Anodon are strongly characterized ; for the first
includes many of the most ponderous bivalves yet discovered,
and the second some remarkably thin and brittle. Among
the Uniones are shells furnished with hinges of the greatest
force, while most of the Anodons are perfectly destitute of
any ; nevertheless, the gradations by which these characters
approach each other are very remarkable, and some shells
which partake of both have been arranged in separate
genera. Of these, the best defined are Hyria Lam. and
Dipsas of Leach; the one allied nearest to Unio, but having
the cardinal teeth assuming the appearance of lateral or
lamellar teeth; the other more resembling the Anodons,
but furnished with ‘a strongly defined and elevated lamellar
tooth, extending the whole length of the hinge. Between
these two genera should be placed another of Lamarck’s,
called by him Jridinia, which has likewise only a simple
lamellar plate, but broken mto a great number of crenated
teeth. The observing Mr. Say has likewise proposed another
under the name of Alasmodonta, which, however, I shall take
another opportunity of noticing.

I have ventured to exchange the ungrammatical name of
Anodonta, given by Bruguiere to this genus, for Anodon, at
the suggestion of the learned Dr. Goodall, Provost of Eton
College.

Rene
Ua lle
int

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di te: Wier 1 ' at ding H Las te, miei a
Paleamy aity ise pamagidalls uit Gadeldews @: a stay
A Kg tar Je Ca a » 2yiveom kwh: | ji wring ;

Pees? 2) Paw omg inj vin ggeanl Fete Ey ‘Hada

¥ SD? or “Tey 4 [sda lge P . Puy ‘aya ty " VE sat

OP airohiari puncte a sled! Nam wvaknh syitrad feed
Gsthal seals weit usletmerg binds ms .

ali vale me. a’ mite: il div Peaek

oni) 1s sae aehos buds oAal ervey

4 ren OG tke: 43 ” Pip hevaat 2 i
i wey wae 4 % seach

i tena bs Din vole
ATT re et iY ae rf oi Groveeadys ‘one a We Mase
tu. nee) Live tuba od wey] aoerng BS we.
yf arity i ry 4 Aare 4) hat writ « ral t bag
T #v.lé ati hve yond wwlidkew “oo P gaddinvegs
ai fil nwovla a) extiney (ly act dh le Lire oqo" eomrive a 7
shdosaies ay bomhigaes wl “ypet am avi” etl
baw ori? pao 30 i ie _ { onl) me wae pes je
At aa aed nett fh) on futn'; ata ¥ ivy ‘ou odd
sad bane reve virwanpert ate walt ead al | ee

,

.
.

MATUG EN ET EA;
Date Shell.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Testa ovata. Spira brevissima aut nulla. Labium exterius crassissimum,
margine interiore crenato. Columella plicata. Basis subintegra.
Animal capitatum, capitis fronte profunde emarginato ; oculis ad
tentaculorum 2’subulatorum basin externam adsitis ; tubd jugulari
semplict ; pede magno, foliaceo, pone attenuato ; penuld dilatutd,
teste latera obtegente.

Typ. Gen. Volute perspicula, glabella, prunum, 8c. Lin.

Shell oval. Spire very short or concealed. Exterior lip very thick,
with the internal margin crenated. Pillar plaited. Base nearly
entire. Animal capitate; head notched in front, with length-
ened, pointed tentacula, at the external base of which are the
eyes; neck with a simple tube; foot large, foliaceous, pointed
behind; mantle dilated, and folded over the sides of the shell.

Generic Types Vol. perspicula, glabella, prunum, Sc. Lin.
EE

Lamancx first separated the shells comprised in this genus
from the Volutes of Linnzus ; their principal distinction rests
in the formation of the outer lip, which has a very thick
margin, more or less toothed on the inner rim; the base
likewise is nearly entire, and the inner lip quite wanting.
By these peculiarities, the Date Shells are easily known
from the Volutes on the one hand, and the Cowries on the
other ; and the invaluable researches of M. Adanson, who
has described and figured the animals of each of these
genera, has established this distinction on the most solid
principles ; it will, however, be interesting to trace, by the
shells only, how beautifully this arrangement is developed.
The Marginelle may be divided into two sections; the
first bearing in form and habit a strong resemblance to the
Cypre@, and the second gradually losing these indications,
and acquiring those of the spiral Voluée. Among the first
are several species, which, like the Cowries, appear destitute
of any spire (as in M, cingulata) ; this part, however, begins
to show itself in other successive species very progressively,
until it becomes elevated and defined in M. glabella. This
shell may be considered the passage to the second division,
in which the species lose the simple oval form of the first,
and acquire a contracted base and pointed spire, perfectly
resembling Voluta undulata Lam, and its allies. The ex-
treme developement of these characters is shown in M. faba.
This genus must, then, be considered as connecting those
of Cyprea and Voluta (Lam.); excepting one, the whole of
the species are very small; and as the three here selected
to illustrate these remarks are frequently seen, and have
Rise.

been often described under other names, little more is neces-
sary than to detail their specific characters.

MARGINELLA cingulata,
Banded Date Shell — upper figures.

M. testé ovatd, albidd, linets aurantiacis fasciatd ; spird obsoletd,
umbilicatd ; columella 6 plicatd.

Shell oval, whitish, banded with orange lines; spire obsolete, umbi-
licated ; pillar 6 plaited.

Voluta cingulata. Dill. 525.56. Lister. 803. f. 9. Martini, 2. t. 42.
f. 419 and 20. Gualt. t. 25. c.? 28.6. Adanson, t. 4. f. 4.

T am happy to record Mr. Dillwyn as the first systematic
writer who separated this from Mar. persicula, which has
reddish spots, and is quite a distinct species. The present
is a pretty, though common shell, and observed by Adanson
in great plenty on the African coast.

EEE
MARGINELLA prunum,
Grey Date Shell—middle figures.

M. testd ovata, grised, mmmaculatd; spird parvd, conicd; apertura
fuscd ; columella 4 plicatd.

Sheil oval, grey, immaculate; spire small, conic; aperture brown ;
pillar 4 plaited.

Voluta plumbea. Sol. MSS. L’ Egouen. Adanson, tab. 4. f. 3.

V. prunum. Gm. p. 3446. 33. Martin, 2. t. 42. f. 422 and 3. En.
Meth. 376. 8. Lister, 817. 28. (young.) Dull, 530. 69.

‘Tue plaits are very strong, and, together with the outer lip,
white ; equally common, and from the same country, as the
last.

MARGINELLA faba,
Fly-spot Date Shell— lower figures.

M. testa ovatd, plicatd, fulvd, punctis fuscis ornatd ; spird conica ;
basi emarginatd ; columelld 4 phcatd.

Shell oval, plaited, fulvous, with brown dots; spire conic; base
notched ; pillar 4 plaited.

and 3. En. Meth. 377. 1. Gualt. 28. Q. Dill. 528. 63.

Tur whorls of this pretty shell are plaited into little nodules ;
it is usually very small: The supposed variety figured by
Martini, and mentioned by Mr. Dillwyn, I am inclined to
believe, may be a distinct species.

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Ben ie a at Rea ess ONG ee og
bp Shae, } a f 2!

23 Sunk he guy fi eiPhaed: Pega ‘wad ite, vee ee ie
= ee tah a Sie eyes paula THOUS Wr Bet ee ee

=e utter At Piet Eoey aleailet hd tai” awe mae Soe oa
eit ; a ees da phic eases: a we hy eaat BGA avea gs ae =e

4 } cee on PMR ee, Act nhs Ais Sipehe i te 1 Pe eh ie eee
| Henig Pej) < Are a Saat °

eect “bay! : ,
a = ath: bY ates Subs ee es a: Rigs " ey a8 Ci ey: 7
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be >. RY eee af. ae arte ‘a

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: Mle Rhus aes vet ae Che. Reo Sf) we AP? Ed 1) -
atins: hd “ity persia ili dps eed VEE Wyk hig ns Pa
- % 5 eh ea |. = ABSctle sala, cite rere tk pity by or te Lyi ssl ag
A : ‘fue ashe AE wie A Apu nome} at Cer ree)

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= J ® oa
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“at atta aa) a ‘ ee few *b iy a? t) (CA La

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ae a: Seine ae ee ER
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faa eM, od POT Ri) ier :
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PAE, UDA. NA,
River Snail.

Generic CHARACTER.

Testa ovata, spiralis, tenuis, umbilicata. Apertura semi-orbicularis, ad
labii anterioris apicem subangulata. Operculum corneum.

Animal fluviatile, branchiatum, viviparum, rostro brevissimo ; oculis ad
basin externam tentaculorum acutorum 2 appositis ; pedis margine
antico duplici ; latertbus antice alis parvis instructis ; ald dexterd
wnvolutd in canalem per quem aqua in tracheam introducitur.

Typus Genericus Helix vivipara, Lin. ;

Shell ovate, spiral, thin, umbilicated. Aperture nearly orbicular,
sheet angulated at the top of the inner lip. Operculum

orny.

Animal fluviatile, branchiated, viviparous; rostrum very short; eyes
placed at the external base of two pointed tentacula; anterior
border of the foot double; on each side the fore part of the
body a small wing; that on the right side is folded into a
ca by which the water is introduced into the respiratory
canal.

Generic Type Viviparous Snail Pennant.

Tur common Shell above quoted, inhabiting many of our
rivers, will serve as an excellent example of this genus,
which is not numerous, and confined to fresh waters; the
animals, inhabiting the European species, appear to have been
thoroughly investigated by the continental naturalists ; and
from their account of its singular construction, the above
description has been framed. Science should make no dis-
tinction of persons or countries ; but it is rather mortifying to
observe, that these important discoveries in the organization of
animals, are pursued with zeal and ability by foreign natural-
ists, while most of our own content themselves with expa-
tiating on its impossibility, and even go so far as to hint its
uselessness, because we can never become acquainted with
the animals of all the species of shells in our cabmets : so far
this latter part of the argument is most true; but, to ascer-
tain, for instance, the animal of the Cowry, it is surely not
requisite we should see those of all the species (near 80 in
number), before we venture to describe it ? any more than it is
necessary completely to dissect every species of Locust before
we pronounce it to be one. Science would, indeed, receive
incalculable and lasting benefit, if those of our conchologists
who reside near the coast would pay greater attention to the
inhabiting animals, and less to the shells, of their neighbour-
hood ; for the first would supply that information they ac-
knowledge is so desirable, and the latter would prevent our
indigenous Catalogue from being crowded with many dubious,
and even foreign shells.
Pl. 98.

Inglish conchologists appear not to be aware of the vast
number of testaceous animals which are now known. Among
those truly eminent men who have prosecuted this study,
M. Adanson stands foremost, in having minutely described
all those he found on the African coast; in the magnifi-
cent work of Poli nearly all the Mediterranean bivalves are
exquisitely figured ; and those of the land and fresh water will
receive complete illustration from M. Ferrusac. Cuvier, La-
marck, Say, and even our own countrymen, Dr. Leach and
Montague, have all contributed, more or less, to form a mass
of information which it is full time should be employed as the
basis of natural classification.

EEE

PALUDINA elongata,
Long-spired River Snail —upper and lower figures.
P. testd olivaceo-fuscd, faseus castaneis ornatd ; spird productd, attenu-
atd, aperturd multo longrore ; apice acuto.

Shell olive brown, with chesnut bands; spire lengthened, attenuated,
much longer than the aperture ; tip acute.

Txuasrrs the rivers of India. It is rather thicker than most
of the others, and the umbilicus nearly obsolete.

PALUDINA unicolor,
Olive River Snail—side figures.

P. testd subventricosd, totd olivaced ; apice acuto ; spire et aperture
longitudine cequali; umbilico clauso.

Shell subventricose ; uniform olive ; apex of the spire acute ; aperture
and spire of equal length; umbilicus closed.

Distincuisnep from the Heliv vivipara of authors, by
having a less convex, and more pointed spire, hardly any
umbilicus, and no bands. Inhabits China.

PALUDINA ‘carinata,
Carinated River Snail—middle figures.
P. testé parvd, olivaced ; spird aperturd longiore, apice obtuso, rufo ; an-
fractu basali medio leviter carinato ; umbilico obsoleto.
Shell small, olive ; spire longer than the aperture; the tip obtuse,
rufous; basal whorl slightly carinated in the middle; umbi-
licus obsolete.

EEE
A. pistiner species, which is never found larger than the
figure. I once saw near 100, which had been picked up on
the banks of the Ganges; the spire is rather lengthened,
always obtuse, and the umbilicus even less than the last.

Md,
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e 7 ek dals +a Rivasa ee aid as | hae 1 se0=

Sta RUAN ge ie va EPR it Mkt PDA fetes i Me
Daath fp aesire,. ee Nea ees aa Fate, hye "a ht gee 2
2 pentane Aes SMM en sre, 2%
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Ai hee edd ya Iotuy wove -notalilad.
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pia eat lied Sod yeh VOR liagdray wae Li in a 8)

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a> : f

TAMATIA macrorhynchos.
Greater pied Puff-bird.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Tamatia. Cuvzer.—Capito. Viell. Tem.

Rostrum walidum, compressum, sub-rectum; mandibuld superiore ad
apicem obtuse aduncd, emarginatd, superioris margine inferioris
marginem obtegente. Nares basales sulcate, aperturd terminali,
rotundd parva, plumis rigidis incumbentibus tectd. Frons, rictus,
et mentum vibrissis rigidis, elongatis, armati. Pedes scansori, ver-
satiles ; digitt exterwris elongati articulo primo cum digito ex-
tertore connexo. Rectrices 12, lineares, subrotundate.

Typus Genericus Bucco tamatia Linn. Lath.

Bill strong, compressed, nearly straight ; the tip of the upper man-
dible curved, notched, and obtuse ; the margin folding on that
of the lower mandible. Nostrils basal, sulcated ; the aperture
terminal, round, small, hid by bristly incumbent feathers. Chin,
front, and gape, with strong lengthened bristles. Feet scan-
sorial, versatile ; the outer toe long, and connected by the first
joints to the inner toe. ‘ail feathers 12, linear and slightly
rounded.

Generic Type Spotted-bellied Barbut Latham.

SpreciFric CHARACTER.

T. niger; fronte, guld, jugulo, caudaque apice albis ; abdomine albo vel
fulvo; fascia pectorali mgrd.

Black; front, throat, forepart of the neck, and tips of the tail feathers,
white; body white or fulvous ; pectoral bar black.

Bucco macrorhynchos. Gmelin 406, In. Orn. 1. 203. Gen. Zool.
vol. ix. p. 33.

Greater pied Barbut. Lath. Syn. 2. p. 498.

iiaeeeemniaineitins sn i ica eee

Tuere is something very grotesque in the appearance of all
the Puff birds; and their habits, in a state of nature, are no
less singular. They frequent open cultivated spots near
habitations, always perching on the withered branches of a
low tree; where they will sit nearly motionless for hours,
unless, indeed, they descry some luckless insect passing near
them, at which they immediately dart, returning again to the
identical twig they had just left, and which they will some-
times frequent for months. At such times the dispropor-
tionate size of the head is rendered more conspicuous by the
Pl. 99.

bird raising its feathers so as to appear not unlike a puff ball ;
hence the general name they have received from the English
residents in Brazil; of which vast country all the species, I
believe, are natives. When frightened, their form is suddenly
changed by the feathers lying quite flat; they are very con-
fiding, and will often take their station within a few yards of
the window; the two sexes are generally near each other,
and often on the same tree.

Total length rather more than eight inches ; bill, one inch
and three quarters from the gape, and half an inch less from
the nostrils ; it is very strong, thick, black, and shghtly com-
pressed ; the tip of the upper bifid; the bristles at its base
covering the nostrils are long and incurved, and those situated
at the base, under the eye, very stiff; the upper part of the
head black, the feathers much lengthened ; the sides, front,
ears, and forepart of the throat white, uniting at the back of
the head into a narrow collar. The whole of the remaining
plumage above is black, glossed with greenish ; across the
breast a black bar, which separates the white of the throat
from the buff colour which tinges the abdomen and vent ; the
flanks are marked with dusky transverse stripes ; the tail is
slightly rounded and three inches and a half long, some of
the feathers with a very fine line of white at their tips; all
the quill feathers have the base half of their inner shafts
white, as well as the greater covers inside, the lesser being
black ; legs and claws blackish.

I am disposed to consider this bird only as a variety of the
Greater pied Barbut of Dr. Latham, differmg in having the
plumage on the under part of the body pale ferruginous, or
buff colour, instead of white, as in the specimens he described
from Cayenne; mine are from Southern Brazil, where the
species is not uncommon.

This genus includes the American species of the Linnean
Barbuts; the birds connecting this group with the cuckows
are arranged by Vieillot in a separate genus, named by him
Monassa ; which I think should be retained, as it is of much
importance to designate strongly connecting links between
families apparently very opposite.

XENOPS genibarbis,
Whiskered Xenops.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Xenops. (Hoffmansegg. in Ilhger. Prod. p. 213).

Rostrum mediocre, rectum, acutum, valde compressum, inverse cul-
tratum, i.e. culmine recto, gonyde recurved ascendente. Nuares
basales, laterales, ovate, parve, patule. Lingua— ? Pedes me-
diocres, congrui. Digiti antici basi coadnati, laterales subequales.
Hallux digitum medium equans. Illiger.

Bill moderate, straight, acute, much compressed, and inversely
curved; the top of the upper mandible being straight, and the
edge of the lower ascending or recurved. Nostrils basal, lateral,
oval, small, and covered by anaked membrane. Tongue—? Feet
moderate, claws united at their base, the lateral ones nearly
equal; the hind claw as long as the leg and the middle toe.

Specirric CHARACTER.

X. supra fusco-rufa, infra griseo-fusca; mento, superciliis maculisque
jugularibus et pectoralibus albentibus ; maculo infra aures ni'veo ;
remigum secundorum nigricantium bast fulod, apicibus margint-
busque rufis.

Above reddish-brown, beneath grey-brown ; chin, eyebrows, and
spots on the throat and breast, whitish; beneath the ears a
snowy spot; lesser-quills blackish, the base fulvous, the tips
and margins rufous.

Xenops genibarbis Illiger Prod. p. 218. (1811.)

Neops ruficaudus Viedllot. Orn. Elem. p, 68. (1816.)

——

Avery extraordinary and not inelegant little creature, having
a bill totally different from any other bird. Its general habit
evinces a close connexion with the Si/te, particularly those
of New Holland; some of which have their bills (which are
slender) slightly inclining upwards, thus forming a con-
nexion between Xenops and the straight-billed Sitt@ of the
old world.

The figure is of the male, and its natural size; the head
dark brown with pale spots; the back of a reddish tinge, and
the rump and tail rufous; tail much rounded, and of twelve
feathers; the three outer and the two pair in the middle
entirely rufous, the other pair having the mer shafts black ;
the greater quills black; the last having an internal bar of
pale fulvous. Beneath the eye a spot of white downy
feathers, with a dusky border above and below; there is a
little difference between this and Illiger’s bird, but it may be
only sexual.

Inhabits Brazil, but-is rare.
Pl. 100.

~"

cat

aie “ahi: A 24 U ‘ ne ie
pre ee Oe ow 4, w y' wat ve
A : seine t
HANG 6 a cee AS) e .
ee | He" ug ers vA son awolyoth) pi ae
a: 4 Sut Aes: SF SA BIRSL Mier cdi i mers: rye? eed vie) A vee |
nae a tgesivivy seas Wings 4) Shveg ae sauivios, sah wR 0 Boh
. syne be A co ovanid ; i) Sie a ae, wey: Witrnstl ih shane it 7 as Pure
Peano jalorteh JAW rand « ah yg au dain ayo a? . =
i ae) Oy ikon Se wasn amy \ Ty hhOun ‘VE
yBiorau Bue’, bad sgn (hog [sta “alytnds cot eesti RE ie
' el hoa’ dikgt R43. erat SSF GYiruiiy ayut ofk io Gor a: + hae, oi
ed tak’, beei ee Me MT not ie asia hes wat ot ee
Maal Yon pays se t8 pidiesce bodoag art beyavoo tis, inns taal
ght OY, SHS: sian eer Sad, ken, Ui i fags haraln’ cali be . Satna
(at a Nba nell Dive ie ac + upur ot we Ail Tait? ah 4 Cops ht ee
cA 4 H 2 ame Fo ree! Lie 4 ' re ~ 7, i

i i ean } cy ale OE hove) ne hi

payee we ene hse re al WANG adel: At torypae tte, OF : we, WP

| oy
yr

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hes. audi ih AS, it the 7 ey ine nia “Won aN; wy a a of ed
i - Bie spent 5 as i _

Ds. (he ane jets y atest tie <3 Hata othe hy, ccnp ts a
Oe gut old Ghee Ven, , betty tak Pe ‘two Se a> atept ; Brie /. ao
Nth dd arly sea) an doa aiiipsiggal, ¢ Sia WORES: Salen ae
aa ee ae ale 77 edie, meinen She”
APRs ceGn te Li 5 NES id at an sy asiathh aibuvliuioe 5) agynie i
- Ariay am Oia DARL): ha, Os Gea! wkd, siolhini'a) mibisseiir aM ase a in

‘ ay pment _
“pln A, Ase at shalt réohs iit sey ke “aay tu, fay Pelt rey wifes Lee 1, au “Hae
dart foasat ns oy, Arg bY pana get uit toe: Slit qeaudet fat ey
oW vithbe Tete: uty mi he ih Woe eh EEG: es eta) a “genbit aee as =

ah hal

Apo hatha), We ids Mie date ly ) BNR har Hight veal aa : 5 |
oer ifs “i .s) ttl ht it, - a raat? | waite v4) 7s ‘ya tit =i): Ras Mie Gubuola oz if

“aye uy aNe hi laths + Loe wie a ait {hiv a mney AY. Choi Aken ~ — ot
. Ys ‘ b vis Siwy fils” i
rary ayes) etd “eile lntin hd fi) Bal dias f: \ nies phe Heiss ‘ieee wey.
haw eh, Sab ve w th Aaad ald heloies leq pi vA i, bee
igtg 1 Wf iy Hi) mA, higtnitiion diilfiee fiGy ie aioe, hint: frie qari. ty, 0 ; 4
oily bree oy. Vi WAY: kee is App : iG aye okt: sal fs | i aie
ja nar elfaet« < a0 1 i ii uN bail Weed vols out sqatirt forties ; :
eu (ued) Lateies ul in Ral i id imal Fae Peo ‘alta iy “—xinate pelt ; _ ‘Y
pureahiy bite: Ty, bic Ve, ANE ‘omen ah now bik ae \ #
ay ared pics s) ve Syada i eto vader, i = yl, veil
ae vis St ag shoe eeugalhh haw al mpwind sie stiate ghia
; i, : . (WH elie,
/ a » aay wat tw Aiewith: ntidythit
“ c | er aE Mh

® nay Witt

ee
let
7
ey
:
bioak ‘

PAPILIO Evander.

GENERIC CHARACTER.—See PI. 92.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Pap. (Tro. dent.) Alis dentatis, nigris ; posticis supra maculis quinque
violaceo-chermesinis ; anticis subtis fascid albidd, transversd, me-
did. Godart.

Pap. (Tro. dent.) Wings dentated, black; posterior above with a
five-cleft, violet-crimson spot; anterior beneath with a trans-
verse, central, whitish band.

P. Evander. Godart, En. Meth. vol. ix. p. 32. no. 18.

— EEE

Boru sexes of this newly described insect are here, for the
first time, figured ; that above is of the male, and beneath is
represented the under side of the female. The crimson
spots (which finely relieve the brownish velvet-like black on
the upper surface of the wings) are, in some lights, most
beautifully glossed with changeable violet, and appear either
darker or paler according to the position in which the insect
is viewed.

Southern Brazil is, undoubtedly, more rich in this splendid
family than the northern provinces of that vast country. I
never saw this species except in Rio Janeiro, where it is
common: nor do I know of any other, belonging to the
division of Trojani, which have the lower wings sharply
dentated, and with an appearance of obsolete acute tails; a

character more developed in the female of this species than
in the male.
Pl. 101.

‘ " A‘
i ij ‘ . -
: i . 1
bs «
sobas vid | OLLI Ad | :
te ES | Cai ote ame
Pe SOP Sate HTS A AMD Deeg? i a
Sti in at a 4 Ply i by
z i 2 = Tse ,
, aT eR sae Breet a ne -
5) ¢ ‘i sear Aha yaar, gh sah zi rion AN nev! aii a ‘herrea 4. (tna, wth ae ah i 7
ee eT ‘Beals | yaya’ ie prea eeaatats tr, hi)
‘ ie aoe pare =
Bodine’ pretty nya tee q ii lef dbolatanls ayai't (nab or) 0d a4
Sao aativa iaaad yoreina. Joga erggeannen- taldiy dholo-Svit Pace
. | ri deity Aaines pater y
E686 *< AE é Say Ais wi eile Oy hier Tae
: ea : i : ¢ y, :
ae : ‘er { bs
: ca " ) / ak ‘Ay ix f 7 4 1 rs 3 ‘
Sei. "Ot port Ait igus rave cae v wos 2 arnt io &940 tA we oe
st Cimon hus. slaar odd (oer 9 vas tie th i batiyi sm! fond
' wt ahora ‘yeh? 40. Alita asthe ast} Batyatiies
ait lida wis gla iceword onl} 9 voilire vite ByTT ey ach; We) wore
iy atl suns, ot oy, Cay Gis ai To antiua soqqis olf
Hattie Wi a4Lr S, bund testoie shines onus iw hs, soot Atwigaa!
faeen? ud lub atGotieeg afi of amg iiooae tole 7o-r9etoall
1 : . t : . ‘ ; e oh sue es :
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be wiiaon jas¢ ‘Yad ita, aaact} ie Bae sition ac aad 5 cite 5
aj it isi? ortiaal ois ff dqas 9 29M Iay2 aes wea er
alt of ait: utolad gho- vis te vot, 1 ob 108s : soapETOD :
Fi in og ° ao), 6)
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Me alvad Shea os toaido hey co ntiee i is AN bas in’ shorn’ P has
(edt xarooqe aids to stant of) ar Doqolerstratonm Ce atey aitky ;
4 ; 4) at mp Soe fone cobs yds

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anitinly Hid MS a i etait pape ees
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PAPILIO Nox.

GeneRIc CHARACTER.—See PI. 92.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

P. (Troj. orb.) Alis immaculatis fuscis, inferis orbiculatis, ecaudatis ;
Jronte, strigd laterali subthoracicd anoque rubris.

P. (Troj. orb.) Wings immaculate, brown; lower orbicular, not
tailed; front, lateral stripe on the thorax beneath, and tip of
the body red.

Tue colours of this insect are unusually sombre, and present
a striking contrast to the gaudy tints by which the majority of
these gay creatures are ornamented ; it is so far remarkable,
but it is more interesting to the entomologist, as being an
unpublished addition to this genus. It was discovered in
Java by Dr. Horsfield; and the drawing was made from an
unique specimen which I observed while engaged in a long
and laborious arrangement of the Linnean Papilionide, (as
they now appear at the India House,) collected by that
zealous naturalist for the India Company.

Between the nerves of the anterior wings (which are re-
markably large) are parallel central stripes, of a darker
brown; acharacter common to many Indian species, but not
found, I believe, in any of those from the New World.

Pl. 102.

xo OLUIALT 9 os

A * or,
. 80 U9 ost aato tan Sika mak > Gs

' ATI AtAM) SaaS
5 HARALD Aa iobieordtG airs at iva Atiluogmmath uh Cho OR Pa, t of
; 4 Axa | ed ad seriall Mae shysaiph Sarna ainort,
Sore yrelivsihio swol jewel, siuiuoemeni egt4 w éaha fot 4
to qit bas .dhtsonsd xoxods ait ao aqinia levaisl ,tomk ; boliat r
. hae Ded 4 |“ thet ybod ysl
heer TERR F
hitgaat ay One ondaroe Yileuauary sts Josent pido atvolon ih ‘
Ao yWitofen ont dosiw yd ated 1b ify asf 02 Jenisnos gutdiite &
oldadreings ist og «i Ns holdmasato Sis 'eatudaatd Tou desi
oe gad as dz ae silt Gt Bailasisial sou al ii dad
sx barovooaih sew tf iia adi of soibhs Gataitlagos
ue mot shen: gow Gainetb asi bas Slater ith id gel,
aa Ant bagrons lie hevtsedo I Hs dye. memioo¢e sii pits
an) rbinosliqn’ mae de anstisL ad¥ to instiogantis aureus! § hee
hey " botasllos, (\4 20H eibal adh, ds woqqe wyormyods ‘
pag “UB qe ) cibab ody a0} ié Manso 2uOLaS
-o1 948 5 idee W) vgtlive vorotng ort io ROWISH oft oil} esertotl
wadtsb 8 tb aaqida Te 8. ‘bi terete os ‘Lee vido dingy: |
jor tud es wR puiboer) Fatt ao) worad tod yadowtet: i8 2 ariyord
ebb W wot ads wort O2 aon Te ‘eile sie “evsided i bunds me
. | 80034

ris me ois a filet

103

Ai agit i a So Lae

Cee ; ey At ee
ns Mb, Son. Pf

Settee aac RET GLC

Re etal P “BRO Satis ee Re
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ae acehtac Bh Siar B. “oy af: me ba 8) ze Ci! hag Tigre
ae Ages Se Frigate Ry Wiegay abet
et nae da Pits aeshick rage Alas

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2

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av er oy
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AMPULLARIA asciata,
Banded Apple Snail.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Testa globosa, umbilicata. Spira depressa vel brevissima. Apertura
integra, magna, ovata. Operculum testaceum vel corneum. Animal
Jluviatile.

Shell globose, umbilicated. Spire depressed or very short. Aper-
ture entire, large, oval. Operculum shelly or horny. Animal
fluviatile.—Generic Type Helix ampullacea Lin.

Speciric CHARACTER.

A. testd ovato-globosd, olivaced, fasciis obscuro-purpureis angustis
ornatd ; spird brevi, levatd, apice acuto; labui margine tenui ;
umbilico mediocri.

Shell ovate-globose, olive, with narrow bands of obscure purple;
spire short, elevated, the tip acute; margin of the lip thin ;
umbilicus moderate.

Am. fasciata. En. Meth. pl. 457. f. 3. f. 4. (reversed and young ).

Helix ampullacea. Linn. Lister, 130. f. 30. Seba, t. 38. f. 1 to 6,
58, 59. Chemnitz, 9. t. 128. f. 1135. Gualt. t. 1. R.

EE

Ty the selection of generic characters, sufficiently important
to separate Ampullaria from Paludina, great difficulty at
present exists; as the fundamental principle on which they
should be founded (the formation of the animal) is entirely
wanting. It is only known that these shells, like the Palu-
dine, are furnished with an operculum. The absence or
presence of this organ has been found of the first generic
importance; though the substance of which it is composed,
as well as the form it assumes, can be considered only as
indicating specific distinctions. This is proved from the
fact, that among the Natice some have horny, and some
shelly, opercula: in Phasianella, this part is, in some species,
almost fiat, in others remarkably convex; in Turbo, Lam. its
form is even more variable, and in the present genus a similar
uncertainty exists. One species alone has been positively
described as having this part shelly, while in two others the
operculum is as certainly known to be horny ; to these last
may be added a third, found by myself in the lakes of
Pernambuco in Brazil, but to which I have not immediate
access. The shells here figured were, however, received from
the same place by Mrs. Mawe, and, I think, are of the
identical species. The spire is sometimes worn, and the
whole shell very thin.

Several fossil shells of this genus are mentioned as ex-
isting in the extinct volcanoes of Ronca, in bituminous marl
near Pont St. Esprit, &c. as quoted (on the authority of the
illustrious Cuvier) by Mr. Bowdich.

Pl. 103.

~ : FY : om. 7 J ¥
y + 0% ia 2 f ' , \
>. shiver ALAA TOT |
‘ | Srowe Sant. bolwotls 2 | Gan
, CA eepaatlih eens ; pine a
. METH HOM orae KA) | | re
> Winans Wdlse hmeragh wag? ottstilwas paadole wee ‘€
ain abr oo Mey Mit id saheiat PAPO cnrenhtnd fe
ee FS Viasnrtints oe

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iaonini te” ariod ie, ql: oiik 1 iva si9ahd te ve" ul onhag tui > ioe
ight Ww ale Wave dy 5 \ ah oy ! vir ).. a sslisgiv's. me x ey

someren: preety

. “
AMATI A RE He 2. 209 LOB SG 7 3

naomi Wiring ysgeeringnd ay “nai, “o Sanyo Avnodalg- ving ot Sh
Spas) curiae eins 4 chen sta ee bayes) ENN, ivens ¢ Dain. |
2 : Se Rt oie : <i ae
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+ ists a gi) 30 vi 7; HOS YN asks * Bedevele frods cuiga i a
sal _ Seba ays ‘lignes ,
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POV ABE violet 08 Ly OE! shh “(phd aoe ogni iis’) (Oey
. ‘Maes chit A bei 4 ean GG: BO) Gx nl tae

ee enn f

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esta at vesf aituat mR ms heli hie vitideag #0: # etsy?
( 1eb tev: bodlaiwtel 930. atta
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ai ave? ‘feavwty. ab etl weredt Pep aftiosy? yniteoibas Mae
Sia byte rood overt: one orien yi 4 Srna dusts ORE
MR BIOMYR SATLGR AT Ae FLINT gs he ina L at seleyoepo fore. 9 f
pea vn it ei Caa EAE y vidnd iLVat2y odta ti tpllaoal F ; af :
ba legiti o Bivfisys hea TE By ret Dre siteaea ONE AD9S2 ed pre? =
yieviieog seed aid “sate aaa Wa eee Ane eae
ails 20 ie OA Ta ate Lae yiiolta ! ok apn yo eal es hodsomds :

—-

PNG iE As

348
i ie
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P P
Hy) Niet “OT ot paar ar

fahi es ot 2 ead BU a oie) itty rors ae iG rT ;

Ty pad bili: ir Vhowpia Sedop well bynithl € Lehhie; sd vidi

almdaatie tou vved Toute at toll Aiietl 0 oe eee

hig rh +? Th 1S bh gikys iy! Pee | ahh HW rvasl wpa tl 2. odT 220908 ail

BY 4G 4a shi i) TL bird whet 2 qe s oly GEG silt : .

ay toe wow folie ai ie act Mase cal- ‘8 ‘Teivett .
fa el! Vitae pie aitaofod ay a”

Shain bavadesmn ste Ameo aidsg Bate iewel fire? ;

net Chanimdhd « wees: fo nna Slow THs on is wiier

ste yanoilian ed¥ Ain) Lahey an ae: finpa 8 gooiges :

Aeyitennt 1M ad (iv oe sviidtautl
a 1

” i Di
Pee on {

; r
et ys i

104

: fen i)

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sis a oe he $05

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Situ

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ee, ae eae a

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s
at" eric 4

NATICA punctata,
Spotted Natica.

GENERIC CHaRacTER.—See Pl. 75.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

N. testd ovato-globosd, crassd, alba, strigis undatis punctisque castaneis
ornatd ; umbilico magno, aperto, simplici ; columella basi obsoletd.

Shell ovate-globose, thick, white with waved stripes and minute
chesnut dots; umbilicus large, open, simple; base of the pillar
obsolete.

Nerita punctata. Martini 11. pl. 197. f. 1903 and 4. Seba, pl. 38.
f. 332 Gualt. pl. 67. f. M. and T. (good.)

Gochet. Adanson Sen. pl. 13. f. 4.

oS

Tue undulated brown lines in this shell, are sometimes
broken into three irregular bands of either lines or spots, be-
tween which are numerous minute dots; in other varieties
these dots are only round the suture, and in some totally
wanting. Its most constant character rests on the umbilicus,
which is rather large, very deep, and without any appearance
of the base of the pillar. The mouth is also more con-
tracted than usual. It is said by Adanson to be common on
the coast of Senegal; and this observing naturalist adds, that
the operculum is testaceous, of a pure white, and marked
with numerous concentric grooves at the upper angle.

NATICA effusa.
N. testa depressd, albd, maculis castanets ornatd; spird brevissimd ;
columelle basi crassd, pland, ad labium interius sinu annexd.
Shell depressed, white, with chesnut spots; spire very small;
umbilicus large, open, spreading; base of the pillar thick,
flat, and united to the inner lip by a sinus.

EEE

In form, and sometimes in colour, this shell bears a close
resemblance to the oval variety of N. mamilla (Nera ma-
milla Lin.); but, the umbilicus, instead of being entirely
closed up, is remarkably open, very deep, and the pillar
forming an elevated ridge within; colour in the shells of
this genus is a very secondary, and, in many cases, a most
fallacious guide for the discrimination of the species; for
this is sometimes pure white, and I have specimens of N. ma-
milla entirely orange. This is a rare shell, probably from

India.
Pl. 104.

wy

eyay Tha} ‘ships ADILY 2

AY IG ae aera) octeeae)

“7

ainaig BOLT AM

WoL baiiage.

an ATA aEM air saat as

iio eas OA lini Awalalye omy dha.
h

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eibaar ch Wi) spe i

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esutivecoe ors

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int 711 viding if

a fue we hiv olkdve kata snudalgetern Mole -
pheqitahe we 40 el accion (eet paweds
ae aoa to toad es.

(dboagy 0 fan 0, FO eg ey S65 SY,

.

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= ; oe - 1 ig

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dis’ wit oi eond enrgad batslnbasy aul

is

iy shad csfepaey sant otni nator

datie it die ries Wise 8 at any aul
p10 gore 7 iby ETAe | “ot shiyy nuptonile)
ae fire ott EVLA a wuLtemopel elt
Haida ie evita’) conn via ieee
7 ; neo Sir pital:
OF I

i 4

i = rT *

ead (atone io gon! taltis
‘bottokuer ville, ni sadob Sd tanh ey sHOTAtRe Oe Hoidyr Naawe:
ulstor Ste hist rh _dturiaa. sete Soanioa Whitortia: lily waods.”
aoidnd oo io Serr domes Beale aaa ele vee
SOY ive VILE HOUT ANE ee aa “ell youlsen ar Hapie 9 3
sto seid Oele ai lige of Do vee ght to saga to © 4
BO roaridan ed ‘ot upanaliA. wil Tie we sf Aiea width at wy =
$Y whlie taitonpee oocrtuallo ete Gage Dae te debe ai} “5
Ladin tiie stile. smtae «to pair Tat eh paler 9b i
Sh wikis TUF wt) 3 ij mat OfR atts: vaLEM @ yisersoaia len
td ah ve mmr smacn aoe :
Dailits AOe hi co : 32
+ inten toy Grn ‘a om ie a rey vila wie hen vent: neat A
PIAAAS Kiet Ge ion terol bo lavalq: Grkavy cond areled
Maas vin’ anys 3 jocaots tie Sil, shoseneaeat Qi
asidt sellig dt 16 deel borin yoede sogret ‘anilotate
pBigtge 0) ijil peated we Sha bn) int Z -
-memaect 14 eg, ;
gol weil Teli whee aeolian ost Jayep ‘bu Ait 0! wi
wu wa ) alloted eda elaay: te oO ‘ott ay! oiunulestisaetae
pein wal Wy f ‘oy jatatene it} aes bik BS Vas
ivi i] ih hit te ; YT VE at inal: nf ohh basal
la Pa she thd y al iy! = CORE seahyis Hall Gio. oe x SELL ies ce

a : ta i ny uf ee
a

i

ri mi’

)

i)

ae |

f
‘ ay Ah
7 5 i] '
Mik Walbes i.
‘io ieee
1
1
j UP
ot 7
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ated

POS alk yeni

pie . > rl eee

- i of . s) = "1 a. le
? Ss," ee F ar

a dee oaae
Aagel GaP
see Be

oo i erate

Pater \%

be

ae 1 F - “4 é
oie ; go MET ted fa eat
q ; : , ,°? air ‘wit <? inn 4 y
} Lf ’ J a said 5

P “ fs me? ay
en 4 i ly
* a > i =
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. « Lf af

TROCHILUS vrecurvirostris,
Recurved-bill Humming Bird.

GENERIC CHARACTER.—See Pl. 82.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

T. aureo-viridis, jugulo smaragdino ; pectore medio corporeque nigris ;
rectricibus lateralibus subtus topazinis ; rostro recurvo.

Golden green; throat shining emerald green; middle of the breast
and body black; lateral tail feathers beneath topazine; bill
recurved.

ee

‘Tur extraordinary formation in the bill of this beautiful
little creature, is without parallel in any land bird yet dis-
covered, and presents in miniature a striking resemblance to
that of the Avoset. It is almost impossible to conjecture
rightly the use of this smgular formation; but it appears to
me not very improbable, that the principal sustenance of the
bird may be drawn from the pendent Bignonie, and other
similar plants, so common in South America, whose corollz
are long, and generally bent in their tube; the nectar, being
at the bottom, could not be reached either by a straight or
incurved bill, though very easily by one corresponding to the
shape of the flower. {

The figure is the size of life. Bill black, depressed along
the whole length, but more especially at the tip, which is
rounded, thin, obtuse, and recurved in both mandibles ; the
under of which, towards the middle, has a convex swelling,
which gives the recurvature a stronger appearance. All the
upper plumage and body beneath golden-green; the throat,
to the breast, shining with scale-like feathers of a vivid
emerald-green. From the breast to the vent is a stripe of
black down the middle; thighs white; tail even, the two
middle feathers dull greenish-blue, the rest above obscure
coppery-brown, but beneath of a rich shining topaz colour.

! believe this bird is unique; I purchased it at Mr. Bullock’s
sale, and that gentleman received it from Peru. It presents
so much of the genuine habit of the Trochili, that I have
retained it under that genus ; for, though the bill is differently
formed, that exception does not point out any important
difference from the general economy of those birds.

Pl. 105.

‘se
paar a) 2
ori ;
7 ~ ‘ <®
fo :
. i
n u ‘oa !

ae OU. tit ey 0 i a

ft

ae rs oh Qi mek id. iui vi. iil

aS NTL Dll ce me me >

SB AD gyn 905 40) UD OTRAS

Wah eR AMO Drees ; 2
; i Eat Py : | a
<, WSS Seite Galant: 3" +h 4 4 ott Spray Oi ven! wt, are: Tag: 3°
res Ot tNyy a hie sof, ikaw. abet yantiortnss 7

Saou att lo sibbug ius blawae vols geo capa bablow

hteh weseeensicy ol jas rad PL tee Uist letdial¢ ¢ dsehy ehad Dats

hy ea ; ate Davasoent

-

tO ti |
, / : i : :
Iulitunod. id) o fah ort oy qnebgsiigt. wracibiyoarixg ee
sHibeigy bey! wttnl us 6 at Later rpelaia Bf eindnay) aunb.
Ob cetaldoweet Salita Wisi Petar rh +4 | Bua borsvos
SIM E> Ga sistbe bakit 4: (Th sh ibvdy Ao att To teed
Woes Sy Fy 7 HOHAD Be it iat 7 yoay onl hile
pes 1d Saue t jattis Ui ai haniy aid tae. olalead? ONION) WET haalsa
Sato! ish 0 LYS “5 } as | wht RIO, if Hes a1) YA bad
gilatgo Heer corsa vod 1e UE OR a pele ibe sisted
mio “nee afl) (coWOy aibds (baa “latins: Lie aC sR
to miniaus ye isittig batoka: ald art plaony fivigod. site
yortiogs ys ae rout “id horsqani
a fi ati) any iv Pn.
Aicjoles-Srewerre Dec abegleh UT ih eee ae ‘ite ant
alate, wll old dno yuu, Stan nanan ate tyy oily”

the

bald « } act riers eO9 300, "hy

ila std erie eG a) 91 or ys ae ESTES Y f i te ah i bagyicer ;

“gut Weve Psa 2 SRG RAY ate ai alin feo yee ha 2S 5 Apt
di iA. .otilvsnds ie guartadt Suse ON See Beet ¥ ale
iis Arh, SH Py = heals cy’ arara lh ne H tats Pap, mel {41h
Bey rt f to avanta’, sdk yh ‘ven Stes ints oaes ithe “belt cd
lo Sy se 2) iS ORE, Ob, Goede pie iid rae bad desis

4d Hild jure. tin setabivy e he mie J WAP LEGT, Sid Ore ond
Shawne. WGA Sha OA Liat NG (ib wintttaat aibbtai
ltt iy Sad Wi isph es ub ads iene Pea ik dru ond-) 9a
eavcdlss ale ty 1h hoealoneed ¢ savin at agate ‘Aigt SY: sid!
sivas Hk as L boviougy cimicliineg Saad Dae, alee
wash} ind AMY ad Yo tided Gainey oA to dour om
(laswhth ei the ahiulbndd sot: apoog teil gonan beuiingert
Nindioqaal yato Ie doi dost sob heGqsons dart. bounot
ainid oeoilt ly yvavonoos frigaey add nron aa tenahib
, Oc wt i

”

Ale vp FAS |
; i ha ‘ a Bi i
Nial Nine
ve

ACHE on

ea

eager
ES re

/06

oe
Serr wy

aston

‘ Ay a
‘ . “
y Rgeds eh 4i, "te? 4 ;
in kg a PT by ig : * tule

CURSORTEU S Temmincki,
Black-bellied Courier.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Rostrum mediocre, ad apicem compressum, mandibulis arcuatis, basi
depressd, apice acuto, integro. Nares basales, ovate, aperturd
elongata, laterali. Pedes longi, digitis tribus anticis omnind divisis,
interioribus brevissimis, ungue medio pectinato. Remigum penna
prima longissima.—Typus Genericus Cursorius Europeus, Lath.

Bill as long as the head; both mandibles arched, and towards the
end compressed; base depressed, the tip acute and entire;
nostrils basal, oval, the aperture oblong and lateral; legs long,
with three toes in front entirely separated, the inner toes very
short, the middle with the claw serrated; wings with the first
quill longest. — Generic Type Cream-coloured Plover Latham.

—_——_

Spreciric CHARACTER.

C. colore columbino ; vertice pectoreque ferrugineis ; torquibus nucha-
libus 2; torque inferiore, remigibus, abdomineque medio nigris ;
torque superiore abdominisque lateribus albis.

Cream-coloured brown; top of the head and breast ferruginous ;
nuchal collar double; the lower, with the quills and middle of
the body, black; the upper, and the sides of the body, white.

EE

Dr. Laruam first instituted this genus, of which two
species were then known; M. Le Vaillant discovered another
in Africa ; and I am happy in now adding a fourth from the
same country, in the possession of Mr. Leadbeater. No
ornithologist has paid greater attention both to the natural
affinities, and to the illustration of the genera allied with
these birds, than Professor Temminck ; and I therefore feel
pleasure in naming this bird in honour of that excellent
ornithologist, from whom whenever I have differed, it has
been from the sole wish of eliciting truth. Total length from
the bill to the tail eight inches ; bill one inch from the gape,
and half from the end of the nostrils; the colours of the
bird are best seen in the figure; the middle of the body, and
the quill feathers, deep black ; legs three inches from the
naked thigh to the tip of the middle toe, the claw of which
is serrated internally; tail round; the middle feathers not
spotted ; the two next with a black dot near the tip, which,
in the next pair, is further broken into two white dots ; the
outer pair white. These birds inhabit the arid tracts of
Africa, at a distance from the sea, and run amazingly swift.
One species has occasionally visited England.
Pl, 106.

.

i ; mdi

esi 2 y 7 * 0 2 # y 4 aaa ,
ine sate Withydd fost |

api

ae 7
a ‘ i ; t hi
5 ‘ Tat Pats, (08

Me oe We ra, cateraea ni 96 aniey> er on ee

wank aus ry se nf die Ay o y saree HRY en mh ie es YY aorewett . . mak
‘ Wy hoo a lens, Weston Wyrnt 7h. 08 Antal ives, Soba “hese a, Pe ty
; (hie ry \iagerevity araNtn. wnlins To gs “gaol Pa eNsiih et aca wy '
- Aiko, 10h, eh abi wy cota wigs CF borates eh
a kd cay il vnbeeainrg), alt oben? aig y tpi soa NA - ey an

iG alivarsss fruit, ob oulnigy wot Jiboraca: Wad ibaod ody kg sggitih an iat ira
AORN 4}: hing hues e A add Vs pagel “nual. 7 hoxeng (nad “hues -_ a
a Piliegal: plovgrnl | Lina govenlchg “orgs Bek tir. Aioad atiiteois, : r ee
w Hite way! hab aed (Sse oy ie yt loaite 5 “TG 4. as vant’ yt sandiie a
Sey ail! beta i guiw rakarrag Bat i “wath dale athbon Nit hw) ’ ’ ha +

‘ ayia aun estat A ayy ab pnee = Atorgaet Minty eg soe

a

i

oh ae ¥

‘wee 4 oy ti iL vy, ait
{pak ty | Av Man Sf a.) i ; ;

‘ek ok acti Sn 2

Hs aha D081 ya se By ee
V3 UP seer Gite. ACS ar i 2 ba a ‘ 2 .
a lag dN, 5 aD) a “it wd + DAPENY <a Wyler.
; tls beat ih ii yy. aaa te snorting Supa: 1S adh
hs age a et dOrentns nips Wr
Hy ty ‘ane ay Weed fetentas: tae | na 4?
New ae | wt ‘id Ao Utlos: Piet a ot
df Dt iis “as ale mld We ca = 7

i t 7 ‘ au ; ’ ti
“i

on . ‘ F a int Pay ni 9 MA ‘a0
hig ‘gilt if nu fant Nh if eae on ub ei TH
variton tg ee eo itil ene ao: ot fe:
iy ok) fe ia m dynatih: we oe «fel TES iH Al jiyiedl ide pie eh te 3 — y
Ve of am pad iil: ie Me ore aR 2 af. Ath eR gaia
Asis 7 oo sh ay ain ‘ef ' 7% Vee Wy bit tai fading
‘Wir be At. advil ar sith ta wig ay vibe welt. ot hie. anit icity) cL
H Wd s a A sf rititot orgy yr ts aeanletek reels, Stent oaedy | 4
nex ahs “thik by Ww ejegatbd: te nf vid ) ane pairs ~$) ‘wisely ees
‘sy auth Hii lyaa Wh vid uf gov insn a MOL pte Tatalesit ie cm 7
yea 9 etal Indo ithe) diiths Wordery aes ‘arly ctodl nga,
Maly f apa y tis vk ; ov i wT hid Caw oie riges Sp eT: att 1" fle aely,
= Ay i. Vi wiley aw, at t an ‘tis? ta @ ey met Vet bare
ba oul wild ge a Laat Ba 7 eral itt al besa Deane bite: ¥
Hah eaeyee! > ibe # wa at o3 Auald poh At nltaat iisp uitt i a
“dai oe walla hy, Hod ‘blatant ate ape vy os lg odie oy
oltsbiine ind fy Hates Li selina Eadie, Wim 4
yar) done it aS oid ion tof doa a (yi ff Novi (ee, i; e hanroga ari
> eae; diet oi ie Ra ati ritond enh oF tie THRE att oe
ohy Aloe As fom ath ve # Tish me oT ‘eonitt naw “int ter
* yori whtaany vig ft ral that fig lt iaevel sat” nie ate P
re, es ean ‘ee ral nA ate apes GUO |
aE

1 ; a “yt
} ree if

2 Paarl ant tat , eI a fycnl's
Abbi i“ ty tH afta i et

wat 4 at ty re

ites

; 1
vue) steaild al

aw
fs iy)
i prope Tit ‘ fii ih

i

F 4
5 ar)

nine Hii Th

Ae: ony

wit? i‘

- iL. ae, Tite)

i }
J i ;

Ake 3
isk 3.2 oe

5 tes itsur . fl ae

Te que es ae) Ajab a roa, F

a ‘ acy eke Menge ate

fis } . ; etre wait GegtP + elds yo
<A = 4 i Aun) a veyewat atic ;

3 i eT 9 Atty: op a -

r sal jy eho 6 Deed octhe ee 0 DA a ae ry

‘ Sind yr: oe y : ( ion
Gauce tle rity sede to leet , pyitee Bie
: ; ‘ | » ate
: ae ; e : wi a "a 4 :
4 Sd , ’ ol :
; \ 4 _
, a ,
v H :
q . 7

TROCHILUS ensipennis,
Blue Sickle-winged Humming Bird.

GENERIC CHARACTER.—See PI. 82.

SPEcIFIC CHARACTER.

T. (div. curvirostre) aureo-viridis, mento juguloque ceruleo-violaceis ;

rectricibus paribus ; alis falcatis, remigum primorum scapis dila-
tato-compressis.

Curved-bill Humming Bird, golden green; chin and fore part of

the throat violet-blue; tail even; wings falcated, greater quills
with the shafts dilated and compressed.

EEE

T wave already offered some observations on the remark-
able construction in the wings of T. falcatus, figured at
pl. 83; and the bird now before us is another unrecorded
species, possessing exactly the same formation. I was at
first inclined to believe this bird was the male of the T.
latipennis, (or ’ Oiseau Mouche a larges tuyaux of Buffon),
from the under plumage in that species being uniform grey,
a common indication of the female Humming Birds; but
a further comparison of the two has proved this supposition
to be erroneous. They differ, not only in colour, but in
their bills; in that of J. datipennis, the curvature is so slight,
that it may be almost called straight; whereas in this, the
curve is very apparent. I have little doubt future obser-
vations will show, that these singular quill-feathers, now
known to exist in three species of this family, are peculiar
only to the male birds.

This extremely rare bird is in my own collection, and is
not improbably wnique; the figure is strictly of the natural
size; the plumage, above and below, is a uniform deep
green, with a metallic reflection; half way down, the throat
is dark violet blue; tail even, and very broad, the middle
feathers obscure green, the next pair raven or bluish-
black, and the others white, with a black base.

The progress which has been made towards ascertaining
the geographic distribution of animals, leaves no doubt that
this bird is an inhabitant of either the Continent or Islands of

South America ; but of what particular country is unknown.
Pl. 107.

rie we : in - a uv z , = of We ee ie
% | y : 7 ’ Ay > wh | tye Marke ‘¥ - 1 ) j d Le oa aloe | Me i i
; it. in) fo j ; ite J es
> cre Ss, Sat : * ,
~ A Rae . ae ve ee
i if 7 ; Oe s t \ a 4 i ‘ ¥ Ts i
j ; ; Ao = , _ 4 * i m ' iy a |
- ; : : ok #4 » S's a é
| eu ye y : : + eu Ai
- ioe awh ied pee ale TS we fi
ie y csivhet th ue” rd Hi e * oe is t ,
e bo + ra AJ = \ (
} ; bia. sacha > ve vine uN wis ae a > ee
' a ‘ 2 : *, i AM i “Ss 5 :
iy i nce fai F ss a
- r Al i f i ; 7 i pets i ¢ 7 3 ‘ oe 7 bs a - :
y aint ee a “ : = "a
mk a 68 QM | Ane a3; Ae, i ie awavtay fe hey it alee
a eli Me -, Wan uAercae Jae, aid ih : a “she a Sea
De mn ee a 1, ae
= : hit, ' = t ; i 7
‘ \ cw dae
* | ) <4 mye we) 0 Bay Ane
ae, ea? 1m Hee Ga! app Mv oe: ohh hy il + Uptas vii “waka oo. ee
‘ q rr ; ' . ’ i i) - + os es — 4 i
: Man'r. ran sf ae he:
Sr ey ¥ rks how Nb eaten a = yes
Din See 4 are eana! ve ‘ae
i - ; . a n ey } 7 e. . af 7 et . wy i. : li - 1d é te : :
; ly oe ms : an , au is scp ey i bliss: Pit a erat (weld “| ne i aed « ae :
, yf sila sigh is Rahs ate ete AL laioalm al sabi’ iy ae
ae er ne a) ae a. 9 rs
oie : , 7 vd ke i 4 ti eye ber ae ig ' iy ih. ait a) io li f he 7 ae le
ba Ty a ' i wo ’ Wie tye Tiho a ’ i 7 a |
: “ogee r= are ak Vas : a
\ mee rs Co : : vie.
: 7 : a * hk £y 4 * : i
Lae nmi? = yi ..
- ave vi F 4 ay te ny ar Wie 2 nt ha & at 7 oe i é
oan iar Pyre aa gyi anae’ wite } i
, 2 eee Be ee AST. if a
ud Le Ste, + hae
P ae i ray vant “f nt ei “a et shail a re yi) - : Pr
Ly ; ee Pe ie “4 ! a ¢ A
ove wilh Pe ae a ’ a piastl eV.
a nd ua we | 4 ’ Wr . 7 i :
“ e sh yirhent oa 1 va a " } A ; i i AL ae . va
oe vy a avy A +s a Le Lag 64 pods”
. Ps at ; f ao. ee Pe
arta “sith ie ‘= Diana ae LT ant Sai ns tides er A Ne » ’
nit cin 4 tic ALIS, a Lae it. if a ifr aL \ . 5 fat ; a if ¥ — a b
ios aneet Cee Cul a) cada ae 8,
/ t 7 aR: 7
et Aves 19. Deht 4d A, Ble
er | x c.
(PRU AM ie hota dt lata © Gane
Coutts gupta pea Fh lA ‘ale Shige Lo UN
pha AMGdea sidlaho’ TAN OTE nt ae Ogre
Taliatinans ici sicsnaee, seed Goa ih insane a Keon
. ; ar 4 Mis ; , . Ww. a, i
. Ai | why ty) Laake de ateh on | lug mee
ai tad ret iA bes are & ha a) Leal Pepa tl NMA RAS sl 7 : ee ;
ve “4p 4. @ OP ea ¢ a Vs .) y : Gs
Li vOgasy Lt Mpa Giada iy Oh AT Re Geen tore ae a ye -
¥ aa slit - gs mi fe yl get ia ay Hye nail iat Mi, ally 3 ir
are pa ' ha. ae ie. ADs ,
hd AL bey dst neheaaa) Ae Ei i hae “ty A Abie tia dye ‘
: oldebot cid Sit! ar Le ue ae hae, artet ‘one wa hs :
wea y f as ee) ya! “> ry fi (7 f A
| Rieti ee Bel sie “dua A ae, ee shies ao '
eh he ' on iy ; vay iy a) : 7 7 :
* iy i. * V¥ ebay eri B45 i a hag guald ‘ .
Ly! TAC ; ae th if wot Lar pital jet ak oO ahh: bi 4
ir Salt ‘igh vids pee Lyall a 1 Ye ip JAOOT APAN ‘ald sateen ows ot | %
y yi pi é i : : Ue
do De =r oad yt widen eA ee Lowi tees ue as wi) al aay P
esate Wi iy a ee mh 4. 4 7 wy. Litas Va eo: a ‘aud r 7 sep o d
1 - . a \ , a : fr rl i y
i} . an 7 :
) e . : ~ x, q
es | | be ) us
i et a ; \ ; — : i a & ), os
u y ‘ ' - a * i a
; : id cs : a ‘ :
Ly | i ey mt : ) ic ,, * ' i
: ‘) Me F ; 7 , pis
iM i 7 a ¢ , e
7 7 ea a * , ~ & i “fs 7

pa
A
Nt oo
- oor Ay
nel f
ah

ee

i‘
Dye

= wn
Lita}
a> }
AA Vala

iy am

hay au)

Uy, ol) V5
7

: ad Fo -

ne a
nyt POTrE Hy: rae
ae : Pity walt ae a

| Let TOS apc

"eF
S>

rena Sanaa
Viper baya, | Tp
4 ad eirkt Ti ‘

ak siiterranaD f

aeetl, is ka fe “ “a

vn ‘a rn Leans
hes nen
bonis inst em’ i
At madle ' Asieptt We fe ed ape
x \ \ os eee As o 7
Head? ay Be ray 7 we ee re
; It ‘ re ! KG: Dr a hie fi, ei as 7 r ‘G oat
# oft) bet Jo owntl ali Deke gla
; te ttingty yo aing ah ee

RAMPHASTOS | Dicolorus,
VYellow-billed Toucan.

GENERIC CHARACTER. — See Pl. 45.

Speciric CHARACTER.

R. niger, guld aured; fascid pectorali lata tegminibusque rubris j
rostro wiridi-flaco, basi fascid nigra transversd ornatd ; mandt-
bule superioris margine laterali rubro ; culmine plano.

Black; throat golden-yellow; broad pectoral band and tail-covers
red; bill greenish-yellow, the base with a transverse black
band, and the lateral margins of the upper mandible red;
the top flat.

R. dicolorus. Gm. p. 356. Lath. Ind. Orn. p. 135. 2. Turton.
vol. 1. 211.
Yellow throated Toucan. Lath. Syn. 1. 325. Turton. 1. 211.
Brisson. Orn. 4. p. 411. pl. 31. f. 1. Buffon Pl. Enl. 269.
Le petit Toucan a ventre rouge. Vaill. H. N. des Toucans, pl. 8.
(optime ).
a
Tuts is the smallest species of the genuine Toucans yet
known, inhabiting, though sparingly, the northern and
southern extremities of tropical America. It is a species
which seems to have been well understood by Linnzeus and
the older ornithologists, though none of them have de-
scribed the form or peculiarities of the bill; it is probably
owing to this omission, that Dr. Shaw has created an
imaginary species in General Zoology, under the name of
R. pectoralis; compounded of the descriptions he gathered
of this bird, and the Linnean R. tucanus. Dr. Latham’s
description is also inaccurate; nor is it improved in the
new edition of his Synopsis, probably from not having him-
self seen the bird. Of the figures, there is a masterly de-
lineation by Barraband, in Le Vaillant’s work, but those of
Buffon and Brisson are not to be trusted.

Total length about sixteen inches : bill three and a half;
it is shorter and much thicker along the back, than that
of any other species; this part also is broad, and quite flat ;
the serratures of the margin small, and the upper mandible
only edged with a line of red; the sides are compressed,
and the colours greenish-yellow ; the orbits chesnut-red, and
the feet (as in all the Toucans when fresh) delicate fine blue.

Dr. Langsdorff favoured me with a specimen of this rare
bird, shot by himself in Southern Brazil ; the sexes have been
dissected by that able naturalist, but to which the one here
figured belongs, I am unacquainted.

P]. 108,

= a i in@
] ‘te f, ”
. : mw Ai ke 7 .
AY i wi . *
_— a , ' a:
- . ; ’ a 7 =
hi ! : ; u ¢ s
, 7 : 7 UV f : = . y . )
. YW . - 7
F : :
Pee tas “7 "i Fi Van
furota pe GO “y af, a] 4 vv ik ¥ git
: ee tll Ane: Holle 6 ” ‘s F
7 y ela Diieidindiee ue cay ; Fj oe £
i 7 . 4" val pd a ~
Or yen ae . PA is ceed ; ae <
A . ay FP we ~ aaa’) wae hes,
4 ; eh 1): ; *
‘ ' i] i . it
5 = aw EH YY |
* bid aay vhs Re Tytwle Ween 4 4 a is
"SV IGhay’ -) fh. ww ay i) Wy eG o ih ars: ., hie i) Paha ot a _
; ‘hol = \ i ry ; ems Py a an aie ;
Fre 4 ft ies or Me 4 in . uf sede! «&
ve a ty ; id ah ; ng
ine) } § ot Day : 4
peebes iw
ie sey uy r
i | sins a. srvslovrel 1) ; me -
us ; 7 UNS : Je oe a . f
i ry 4 ea y Rin; 7 si, pl, ASG \ iti “werk i why ae it ) wollag ee ,
(OA Ay A naw @ py sh) Bigot of oo eee. iy 1. = he
“a ~ «yi . - ’ ‘% nd )» an T ce
= Pye Coe VW, OM Mod © ocho oie ata > 5 Lees ot, fe
Ye a ics W ‘ oe ae
. e ‘> ¢ Deen 7 “5
i So MRT Senter a 5 pa at ae
+) SQA MaL Anaad aige teal hedian Wit See ach Hh ‘ ;
psn «ft 3 ha Ty) & nar 7 Spas Is hay cel} 4 ae ideo ay oR ha Z Me
L lt ee. 3 i Beal 4s wad furngenns te esidigany xo irr if cee? <3)
ete alairsaber , hinatd # Ak ity ve} rod nts) phil yt sien chy ik hin
<-Hib ware) i gu) Hew 13 hot ant fe ‘esti heft ; oe) =
Witlereioe. as 's t- h Pr eet
rh eer me Wt ails PL ah 3 ipgh bey: Diney
4
i Ase bysnt'g ats tt ee tutto , 7 z berks c OE: > rid a a es :
iat 5 —s wie? iy ‘pa ey ay" 7 it erigree ne = :
neu ATA ib as i fire " A sha cheng & 5 nQat ae A :
staat Lat eae - a chapters (hub = wl bon : bey ic! ‘wd ‘he 7
iy 1 ot . c =
Mil IS Ova tape & Sit a by Marah. Merten
os a\ FLO PePEY Rah Cita ie fe sre tha ie ger’ : *
te ‘ " : { = oe ,
of Woalhucig ab oe” eel engdas Yaa Sy nF
1.2 4 ( ) iis fy dwt . } alia ie i nicieme ' eva by ‘a tf iteahf ae rath i
; = 7 7 dy we ue Te ye , ? wae aki il ‘ks sd { apiudl :
Mane ri i ie x PAL PE ae ak ibis iy dis a iky shot i
vat i yd Laid Ah “GnQiR y Bey! eres t, wie reisarthe zich
: 33 a ) PT: Ait. a4 nee r : vey = Testp add: “voi {3 HAS *) ¥iee Yo’ :
ie & if ‘ wit 4
(rf eu toe way Ian AAR thes erase rt) alt vy) 25 une sta ory :
¥ - é
Bier (en non we ie sig ai ry &: yy hy aitit 3 Mer = fuel: 4 wha a
ees Se ukid f } yr
(093 it watt bi 2 tu aelh z wollay- ., hae 2 auger alt pine: i: NY
ke ment andy: ah icviig I ath beyate eu) daa adt
oe éLrids it Perio é). hoheyeml 7” J
Ae
xevigt cept ioe AP Lacie ve body nis :
Ae 42 if ntaat ail a tof) tid. bak paeaib i
7 -
Peet vias Noe cet t aqiohd Rowrgit , -
As paces ee rd i une
+ ; ; ; i ea } my 4 Ay 4
j : ’ eh -
‘ i i -
i] : if 4
j 7 ire

eh ;
ny J
a ri aie Z 5
Phir Pee ry
P rue ve :
- a ' RTA F . f
Te bh y ‘
. A y ae i! ; ,
M bi ry ae whe
i “an
ai Ae) | Rh
h if p e 7} \
; i : i i
Me : ©
Le i 3 y gt zi ‘

709

; : sh
eS: ; et eos ee. - ya “nt 2
oN ro TASH, MeO NETS
AK tes Serhan fk & < are PE ae, a te ~ i
a ee Pa oe ih Patek: earth) morale ge sie ga

ps ies neety 2 avin ut (ene: As i et pi
| Tet abil it ae el ;

Pee ad ee : *
J ey Sia
Spar” Pia tien a
ey ieee Bia, ;
a Oe ao, s me s ‘oe
cam in cr |

* n "
es 7). Ss ae Fe 7 a

¢ Ah, Vie - r= 79

3
A {i's
iz aT wad
ay > Wee

7 he? i oe

i, AYU Wee 4 cra
ee, a

¥

« a)* ai

Sh sine 5,

hy ee Oke pe

aS al

‘b
Jy

*A GY a6
nh wees

PAPILIO Harrisianus.

GENERIC CHARACTER.—See Pl, 92.

——— = —————

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

P. (Troj. caud.) Alis atris, subtts maculis basalibus coccineis notatts,
anticts supra maculo coccineo basali fascidque albd, posticis obtuse
caudatis fascid marginali maculis coccineis sex insigni, fascidque
medid albd ornatis.

Pap. (Troj. caud.) Wings black; anterior above with a red basal
spot and white band; posterior obtusely tailed, with a mar-
ginal band of six crimson spots, and central white spot.

er

I can find neither figure nor description of this very rare
Papilio. It does not accord with any contained in MM.
Latreille’s and Godart’s recent monograph of the genus.
It was purchased at the sale of the late Mr. Francillon’s
cabinet, by N. A. Vigors, Esq., whose valuable collections
in every branch of Zoology are always open to the scientific
inquirer. It is nearly allied to Pap. Tros, Agawus, Ascarius,
and Lysithous (Godart), particularly to the latter; yet it is
obviously distinct from either. These affinities lead me to
think that it is a South American insect. The figures will
render any addition to the specific character unnecessary.

I have named this insect to commemorate a most assiduous
and observing entomologist of the last age, Moses Harris,
whose memory will be long cherished by our Aurelians, and
to whom the scientific are indebted for the very accurate
and excellent figures contained both in his own works, and
in those of Drury; indeed, he appears the only English
artist who has faithfully represented the short and nearly
concealed palpi peculiar to this genus. The son of this
excellent artist *, still follows the profession of his father,
and, inheriting his abilities, deserves every encouragement
that the small circle of English entomologists, as well as
others, can give him.

* Mr. Moses Harris, artist, 28, Mansion-House Street, Kensington.
Pl, 109.

. Meee be) eer
y renee) pen rap ui : ws
‘eek 7 : j . ry as be . «
a ‘ i ; airs : at i
j a if vr) 4 aL yA ar
‘ haar oy, al ee ra
: nu : Ue ct ae ar { ¢ T
} t “ar b
‘tata ie Gh Cito.
ee! Ph in aa ; ; Py i =o de {
f 7 ¥ > rl i 7 ae. i ‘ { ., ]
; ri ant ae Pa 7 \
4 a a Oy ‘ Falk — i) ~ mae Ay
1 9 a in when ee ey ThA Alt 4 Ads rae ai -
i r '? 4 f 7 f :
iN Nae ye ye u i + L oar
eee eae : wie pa
uw a. a aa h Pe 1 rs, af sie) 3 i
ie 7 : Las ‘} a

Rs we ecu \WAtina wh piliciwing sae, a Abt Buck Oy ay.

i] 4

iow 5 aaa: wii Sanh AB aL ssi ae Wid "iy ate ArmA Ye va AAP
ads it)
ioe ir = oe q
Ns an ne aS Van) Moe | at SAU, ASA ei
’ a Ser cori) ~ Fi
| ; etre) | Pin A st : io ie Ar aL 1 Ae Ai¢ uf ik; eee
“ a “ld , an ee el ea) iar )

4) 4 <

gaan i oF reais WIEN Aree

Sautact fist hate

eae, vie Mone eit

‘fy aie ‘
; ea

Herwig tg ier roe)
PRL PT ae ee

i Biel rae = Sy Any mt i oe x

f Nath Bo i } i i ¢ i,

AY © " . q : a i‘ :

ary" iad ‘ : yy i y } ,
a hei ’ voter aetna — S ae Kis
s sO us A ; ;
(a "

4d ve + site 4 “3 he

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if ds fe wan

Rear ib ie “Nh. ots

soother

Br bitin age = vie

rs
a
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¥ 4
ia
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ie y
ry aay
ft 7 ‘

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4

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ott h

er “walt es ain: SL hat ti i ‘y'94
‘ ‘ce ay ea if TS Te “ae 4s ¥ Co in
4 a el \: ari A <3 ee Sa ae a} ist ties De Uy enn
i Bios ale ‘ft aleve vi Pat ms wd: eden ce fa ma Me eel ee aie .
o ¥ : rou, ™~ ap 7
: 1. 4 ety, oer ae A ;
; oP : 1
By sities @liitdel 7 ne ov) ais F
be WA Pate th wwe be im |
coda Aho Te iay eee elarciet ~ -,
juny Te iv heaee we * tests ie, 4
. WEA iW “ay chy anki Wilh. Ve ae +
ante 3 race ‘“t white af EL ePe it tay H ns adit ' pT & + Ae sy Rett ' ;
} : f ; ~~ ik ; ve! af ; 4 ¥
* wei dy aaa et See RAM, Mails varniek TORO sailwtiedtay Bev ; ;
thei wat itt aut ae F * (tay yay F aneil be te epee} EG ‘
QNetnae oie a i“ + tontota ite anh fia NO 2 Say mone tes S.
How? sae May ath. i210 ted Svat apy Peis ‘at toads ae ta
VHarl gy auth s Silly Ci a ee RY are ae" ‘sadtl) re
ety ein “Nia Guta. ERT +14 Oa ant Wintel if mists fhe wi t , .
seer 2 , he CBA et in ne iy wR " y Lrg ‘WAY i ig pie Wu | hae iy ¥,
: a | ‘ - 6 _* Pp =
atid bad meh. ot) Ce AS eg Lat Hine Np A iN ee.
h. Andy ' - eo : 4 i a ¢ ao : : : :
> Prenat ee i =Ayti (aud sboe
Trac the Sa 0 RR ane a ee ‘wid’ |
. a yh ; : : " m1 i sity He) pi aitibe ; x
{ . i 4 a : a Prt ; =
i * Teen j a. ee Pe w¥ ae hd eH ot ait ina), ca
; ca moe LF
; @ “tree rt a, F :
‘ . - ' 5 A :
i ; ; AY
: ; ee hy 7
ay, er
_ J ' : Jy
: 7 F a Pa
- 1 he «
s or - ~~ h
: - J iar f 4

440

‘ana ‘if Fees

; ee ~ Ath Sant
ae 4 . 7 TH me - i> CLE Ts ipihah A om
a j era odt-the ot BE % ahi: aed

te

privy’ ' - : ; » i viet re
a es = 7 ' 7 ; < ‘ ‘ies ott ; :
A ee ee ve Sif dpens itt Ia et v0.2 Seal
; elute Saf} acubitctelite (ae tS
yt i * (AR yivit 2 ae? ott f4 > ak A
7 - 7 a bir » € ” — a y + -
ing re a. Beate Ay ee "sprit Sete eas (] ake . Ge
\ ; Ee ae Cy ms ri ed
i Pivege 1 tend Se ot Qaean

Mm Sri hog ad ie bs yy. aie: a "hove : Ae Sh alr 2

Sees Nae cai ics a d

ia t/a “ag. cranny gab wiPy + Ft Nodes wy; Ng
violist, bh (a Jd ie PA See tbs

| i 1 ayaa

any 9!

‘
=
=
.
Lb
~
=

‘ , a
i \ ‘ a a.
: i
4
.
7 _ —=
ses
t o9 7 ‘*
i a
:
*
P ‘oe
i ;
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‘
AY

CONUS cinctus,
Purple tipped Admiral Cone.

Generic CHaracter.—NSee Pl. 65.

Speciric CHARACTER.

C. testd supra carinatd, fuled, fasciis duobus albidis ornaté ; spire
brevis, maculate, basi depressd, anfractibus concavis sulcis duobus
ensculptis, suturd alveatd ; basi granosd, purpured.

Shell above carinated, fulvous, with two whitish bands; spire short,
spotted, the base depressed; the whorls concave with two
depressed lines; suture channelled; base granulated, purple.

Tuts is a very beautiful, and, at the same time, very rare
shell; it formerly belonged to Mrs. Angus, at whose sale
it passed into the cabinet of Mr. Dubois. Its general
appearance resembles very much that of C. Maldivus Lam.
known to our collectors by the name of the Spanish Admiral:
the spire will, however, at once distinguish it ; each volution
is strongly concave in the middle, in which part are two
or three delicate indented lines, very near each other, and
following the volutions ; the suture also is sufficiently open
to be termed channelled; the spire is quite flattened at
the base, (forming a sharp ridge round the top of the body
whorl), and only prominent near the tip. In the Spanish
Admiral Cone, the spire is quite smooth, the whorls being
flat, and in all the specimens I have seen, (and they are
many), the suture is quite closed up, though Lamarck (pro-
bably mistaking the present shell) says, “ spira canaliculata ;”
the base, moreover, is narrowed, smooth, and black; not
gibbous, granulated, (or striated,) and purple, as in this shell.

A variety in my own cabinet presents some differences;
the base is but slightly granulated, and the tip not purple;
these are, however, subordinate characters, and constitute
it only a variety.

I shall take an early opportunity of pointing out the dif-
ferences between C. generalis and Maldivus, two shells even

more likely to be mistaken for each other than those above-
mentioned.
PI. 110.

hae blll "| ” “ae Lar it a i
; eon: ie p yy a , F > an
lal - " ie ity wie ' ae : ae . oe
pier Brera AG ik a iC ae
zy i Ae ‘ , Sy on an
al woe uJ ify 1 . Z
: if ; ! y b ke
aay cian Pa , ¥ of AO ae” an
: Live v)
i
ene Wakabh biota) Agus 7 2 ae
¥ : a Aelia 4, ‘ Ms it
0 ™ hae: 7 Dy |
i rail ai t Git. hy wat 1h hed” jseeaae ao? ”
° i Se 7
é : Vi “i t. ,sa0 a 2 ¢ ‘ - Nios y
Laas AES aL ee . oe ae a
1 ; of oF WEA pie by 5 i on
ANE : : 1 viedo : T 0S
WANA aie ata in tito i; af ay ae pa bea Wie Stan, Went Jane
a8 mri win ” ser’ dea Tae os tHe init Mat ie wens a ra) m4
' ey : aah: We aes kai ye,
e ¥ v ae 7 Vy yh ry ; A 2 a i : i - a
; “nea Ran Pl baci saath AY ite fotut, APPrenbers2 pray ae
i w} Sa sree Hivonl gly pbietheqatt ‘aaa ; ate Ps 7 ars >
Sa ee : - Ae
: alpen Ws Sn Lath iy “tf Dy LAs GA fy Soma iw? ail Pree oot =
= 4 “ if Lia ; A an a Ll ly ’ ; ais! are ¥ é & = :
I hr | : 4 j anee ws Vir apni teaahititel pamela A — Sad
Bit ath ae wih st fied nga g 18) 8 at or,

“
Hef af Sea ae ee

vn

‘ vel

\ itis elk bis j# epee’ WET ‘ot
igre me th 5 aaa wet, ee mo : hata df
4a wilh AR, 2, 1G i; nds ius itteit ie . me ey ‘ATITATR IR,
seria fy ifal hire on! AG by sent at? (ae 107: . tig wed es
i‘ noitylay oth: i fe at negli: Sa if ay. nt tite tiga 48)

Mi } Ot

af
a

nA;

ha

© far) 418 Pea “EN ret attr te Cae aie Tas thorns at wo ae
feist 2 uli teys iiss oe dar er af Hay ati pens aA WwW a es yt
hye aii Daenttipe at ie hid - mG is pore et od Lf. pew aligk” 7
Fae ne Le 1s iftcge Pen uues US) a Ca Se Se
RAs ane oh i bain My alry,! lei oe Dar sit tnt ty. Ce Lge 7 | nk
7 ag rere $4 at tye) 5. ae: ne ey Vite, Hate: Abroten Ms
(Sai nigh tira te Pr ae Kp ay aie out PRG. at Lersiaty fs A, > ma”
ae: ee ar b, by ay, ee & a Tae OF one 7 bige is Salt ita a hag tan lly r
ah an hihigh ¢ Afni at Badly Mi ch att ay, ; “i
Wi eu o mn “a cue Cunt een sth ate a ght fik
Ae soed. tied . id (bare re me aarti eat sdf) ie |
aa Wel ti an gh a shit “ their fav) bal plciectery, picddig F
Pir ay TERT RAY, rl vide i yISTING, Be ~ ake
: shane trey ‘gis ily Hila Rieter wis “il dante tnd ef) enh SMD i
“widty BA at at reat A as gh hidite evar ria saath! 7
ine oe ual ne Bsiieil 4 eno fe 8
ath GM ath, 2 gan fey Ve eat “age yhtg S gr aakist Hudet 7 7
meta alt: ite. opi rae bare wit. BER poiventise. we nae eneiat a ee
pre agent nf OW? 18 at th vit iy fidairte oc, pr god a0 i
an! ean eh ie Hest
Ure ieee oro > it : ie ee - ate yt f ; :
j Fie. sa
’ ; es ; ; i Pa om
. ae sae ie ‘;
4 ; , ~ e Y ‘\A\ eae i) if : ae P-

ate

q
i; Ua
§
fl ie
y it

-

if
¥

i
Ne

Py,
Tey
p

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‘14

Ke eso a sit

V7 G Wate

ae ht ; ght a . ‘tenet
lik = ee a oie
‘ ‘ a2 a" “tia é ‘ wi oy
a aD i Se We Pi b Min” Aaa Last aie hi
aad s" } ae an Es oe reeliy Mod
? :} > ft wwott ( mt xo Ys ee
meena pt, ei eo .
pa! i ie pres a GB, wf ¥ weet Yo gel tag mo. :
Hlth uae pf olave ae Pahs lirsiis \ editor itine isp .
Sellers Tete Tu sorriny mak aes iaiparabe 1a)
Soe tes, edd: ty a> Vey wat ) ae an A seed. abit Seok
mith ne nt eugey i od emeldmsants
‘evs , 4 (i ohie. ds 3 a aha "yt 8B.
tl wt ivtiai sito leant ald aces Sua ete os:
ow as) . ab $ r To.¥ rh eT, A itn ae ris 1¢ one). ~~ te
weer) yey wt 21. SOEs 16 Age: at ustinig eis
im ae? 4 pepiagtly mis ‘witht ye Saiey ¥ 4
arp! rer, & iP. .¥7! yaupart venlt, Sig,
ve dole Wy sq ating a arage aye.
ED > H Tae y ty farn’t 7 nas ahha " stars
ba WV \ hee nis a act hey with
; , eg alt 4 ehiatot bah ‘i =
i] ¢ vid? figiuvaredigy 4 Mi one oll :
aioe ae tall batroe’m), ele walt Io pote ow Pt
av 9 it ‘aie he My Mee we
4 44 a isadl wet) See eee iowiqugles
é ; tt oe
P i a
- vaRe . :

CYPREA tessellata,
Mosaic Cowry.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

‘« Testa levigata, ovata, convexa, marginibus involutis, apertura longi-
tudinalis, angustata, utrinque dentata, ad extremitates effusa.
Spira minima, obtecta.”—- Lam. Ann. du Mus. vol. 16. p. 443.

Animal marinum (Pectinibranchi). Penula dilatata, testam omnino
obtegens. Tentacula depressa, subulata. Oculi juxta tentacu-
lorum basin externam adsitt. — ADANsoN, H. N. du Senegal.

Shell smooth, oval, convex, the margins turned inward; aperture
longitudinal, narrow, toothed on both sides, the extremities
effuse. Spire minute, concealed. — Lamarck.

Animal marine; mantle dilated and folding over the whole shell.
Tentacula depressed, subulate, at the external base of which
are the eyes. — Adanson.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

C. testd obtusd, gibbd, aurantiacd, ad lutera tesseris albis fuscisque
alternis tessellata.

Shell obtuse, gibbous, orange, the sides with alternate tessellated
spots of white and brown.

EEE

Amninsr all the changes in systematic arrangement which
Conchology has, of late years, undergone, the Cypree
remain untouched; indeed, they present such a uniformity
of character, that the most superficial observer cannot mis-
take them. A few species of Ovula, however, bear a strong
resemblance to the genus, but may be known from not
having teeth on each side the mouth. The Cowries are
without exception the most beautiful of all shells, whether
the richness and harmony of their colours, or the exquisite
polish of their exterior, is considered; but (like many other
things of more consequence) their beauty is depreciated by
their frequency. The indefatigable Lamarck has described
sixty-six species, only one of which inhabits the European
seas. Adanson has furnished a minute account of the struc-
ture of the animal, and Bruguiere has given long and inte-
resting details of its economy.

Mrs. Mawe is in possession of this very beautiful little
shell; a string of them were presented her as coming from
New Zealand: that which formed the centre was the only

perfect specimen, and from that the figures were taken.
Pl. 111,

Ls .e
{ eee yey? ' { a
i] t : 7 ray ;
" u oa i} 1 \ if
nod iat at a:
ae : f 1
' "ey ine f
= : : ( .
, ; \ ,
‘ i. ’ = 5
iF iT. Ai Papa
Me be
- ar
Y t « eit i i
y , a * i Mn
’ Ay: mi
) i nie) ‘ i ; ; is
A in ae whee, 4 : |
ea a ar A lian Ava joe a
an 5 | f : : \ i j we Y ee. ; ae
; toe We aie i Uae ely Hard) Mikes ‘; }
-, ( : rar ear GE Y4 H i ‘
2 bet eh { r oe: Frat KS Pag Dn A ha ee ee
, ’ ; ; a a ie
ne ae «
ms Ns rg tks

viet te 3

‘ eh iia 38 i aa Nesey
Wann eat Ma itn t

my
ae aE, HED
; M "DMB any ne Mi AN ay Hine 5 =

Nae es Ray

i LT he at oP li« eh ae aay mh ays A Winn ath £ =”
ie ie ie a e “ 4 aiid ae as anand Vara 4 Augean vey eon i
etn) va) a — a i Lecce.
aoe oe, ty uf iG lane ian oe RASS ¥ Je ity it nia Me
y i 77)
: na } i ; i sl » ‘
al - ai pr ~ fiod on qj a hen o¥ Chit (eth oe Ain (ti Signal .
. ; 7 ia tient Phares oll silt
nf ‘ 5 is
i f aie x00) Gil Vey Batt 1:
A a +. es ‘gut '
‘tT fis Bt ah ay, a, Cal? Rit Peer P tis
; hee t I af v4 :
: q i S18 ie 7
ay ty) von Wee om
vy (av : ie 4 : os ne nb zAN ty aia y m bibs
eee Ar A ; eT aS r :
Ry a s wg Ls 3! n% Poy s ‘29. Aa Sey Pe A bes ‘7 Mi ae in
bs “i on! : TY i . ; ye Parner ie Se 7 ty | wy ifn ny aie by ¢.
ai Dahaploays = oH ae th ” Hh if .aahiy } 2. iy A erica tig ‘ pe by {id at
9 ¢

> ‘he sa :
7 wend Baty

oth Eee

ie

a

}

She y . .
n” gil Us shat i
a. N5 f
i ( j
a 7 =)
aes: ; ro rte if ate ae oa is
N ay “ee vid ot en roe 5 iret frigee! 9%,
my) cs) ee Ny hahus neo i iaet Pee
rast ‘a : ey Vitper fen ive. Privé | Man ae Wistar Ae
ae, MPT Oh: Ua A Nes id he res 2usneat arr
l ts] inal Bu aro! 1 ee ‘else t0 ate itt oq a
3 a q is sets ate, ne, ply 7 ne phi tA, Bualdt
P ; \ rig ay ap: t oi Ly at mre |
| ’ Deere sat me ees: Ra aan aby ais
r ; ' Th tautobhi 1 wits iPr wr tt None bs | /EBSE
an : iptecl hues git an aS . Nay # anion, gitt 9 ‘J gif?
aaa Ls We) all Wal erica nh: i alistely eet,
ay Hf ae ie oe oe i fi 44 fe hy ; : { b F AML. wits
WErytk fenuied VOT SEs TO ies ERAN ay fe
nieyy hoe is ant TSD- ail feub bee: pt i Ps (a YSIS Ws, galt ar . + Neds
. 5 7 I a te
; 1G SY: ae, : Ae 8 Bairtot, bi bi by, Ng 7 Pasta’ wok
; eT ce Le sonia oil ini i! aii } His ,asdneaaye yStted
‘s ol 7 fd ny Y “1H ‘¢T
; i : : } ; 6 pat i A's
: . ly | w i ) ee 7 7 .
Ad a) ‘ ; i A uu) we y 7 :
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© OWN.US. carinatus,
Carinated Cone.

GENERIC CHARACTER. — See PI. 65.

SpreciFIC CHARACTER.

C. testd sub-cylindraced, carinatd, fulvd ; spire depress, concave,
maculate, apice acuto, anfractibus valde concavis, stris numerosis
subgranosis wnsculptis ; bast obtusd, striatd, cingulo gibbo cir-
cumdatd.

Shell nearly cylindrical, carinated, fulvous; spire depressed, con-
cave, spotted, tip acute, the whorls very concave, with numerous
subgranulated strize; base obtuse, striated, with a gibbous
belt.

ae

Awortuer rare and remarkable shell of this numerous
genus, from the same collection as the Cone last described.
I believe it to be hitherto unfigured, and unkuown to any
writer; for I cannot reconcile it with any of Lamarck’s
descriptions of species not yet represented.

I know of no other specimen than the very fine one in
Mr. Dubois’ cabinet. The shell is heavy; the body whorl
contracted at the upper part, where the margin is sharply
carinated; the spire much depressed and concave; each
volution is also concave, and has from three to four fine
grooves, which occupy its full extent, and which appear
minutely granulated; but this is only caused by the longi-
tudinal lines of growth: the tip of the spire acute ; the base
is wider in circumference than usual, with a gibbous belt
marked by elevated striz, in other respects the shell is
smooth; the base of the aperture is effuse, the bands on
the body whorl pale and not well defined, and the spire
slightly spotted. It is doubtless an inhabitant of the Asiatic

ocean.
Pi. 113.

-

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MITRA pertusa. var.
Cardinal Mitre —large spotted variety.

See Pl. 23.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

M. sect. 3. Testd ovato-acutd, albd; striis transversis puncticulatis
ornatd, anfractu basali crasso, tesseris parvis plurimis spadiceis vit-
tato, tesserisque majoribus bifasciato ; labio exteriore denticulato.

M. Shell ovate-acute, white, with transverse punctured striz; the
basal whorl thick, with numerous bands consisting of small,
and two of large tessellated spots ; outer lip toothed.

—

Mocu uncertainty exists respecting the shell which Lin-
nus intended for his Voluta pertusa, owing to the inaccuracy
of the synonyms, which refer to species widely different
from each other; the majority of authors have, however,
considered it to be the shell figured by Born and Martini,
under that name, and recently by myself in Exotic Con-
chology. As a species, it is principally distinguished by the
rows of irregular brown spots which are always disposed
in transverse bands, running into larger blotches adjoining
the suture, and near the base of the body whorl, which is
thick and obtuse; the lesser spots are mostly tessellated or
quadrangular, but in size they vary considerably in different
individuals, and even in the same shell; this has induced
Lamarck to separate them into two species, but which, for
reasons to be hereafter given, appears to me unnecessary.
The variety here figured is very rare, nor have I seen
more than two examples; it differs only from the usual
varieties in having the spots remarkably large. In a future
plate this species will be further illustrated, and the correct
synonyms of all the varieties then given. Inhabits various

parts of the Asiatic ocean.
Pl, 113.

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CONUS pulchellus,
Orange Admiral Cone.

GENERIC CHARACTER. —See PI. 65.

SpeciFIC CHARACTER.
C. testd aurantiacd, fasciis albis interruptis ornatd; spire subde-
presse, anfractibus suturam juxta simpliciter sulcatis ; suturd
alveatd ; basi granosd, purpured.

Shell orange, with two interrupted white bands; spire slightly de-
pressed, the volutions with a single groove near the margin;
suture channelled; base granulated and purple.

EE

T cannor find this very beautiful shell enumerated among
the new and unfigured species known to Lamarck ; and the
representations given by the oldest conchologists of this
intricate family, are too inaccurate to be cited without much
risk.

In form it approaches nearest to Conus vitulinus of Bru-
guiere, having the spire not quite depressed, each volution
being slightly raised above the last, gradually to the apex ;
the upper margin of the body whorl is convex : each volution
of the spire has a broad and deep groove nearest the upper

edge, which thus becomes elevated, while the convexity of
the lower part of the whorl forms a channel round the suture,
which separates it from the next; this formation of the spire
is very remarkable, and unlike what I have seen in any other
Cone. Another distinguishing character is, that the whole
shell is crossed by very faint, broad, and almost imperceptible
punctured lines, very near each other ; in some parts dis-
cernible with the naked eye, in aihere almost obliterated
by the longitudinal lines of growth: the granulations to-
wards the base are very sharp and nearly white, and the base
itself crossed with rough, thick-set, elevated strie. No
doubt the colour of this s species will be found to vary, when
more specimens are discovered. The only one I have ever
seen, came with some other very rare shells from Amboyna,
and is in my own collection.

If the descriptions of C. canaliculatus (Malacanus Brug.)
be correct, (for it is a shell I have not seen), it must be quite
distinct.

Pl. 114.

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RS a pe

PLATYRHYNCHUS cancromus. fem.
Short-tailed Flatbill.

GENERIC CHARACTER.
Platyrhinchos, Temminck. Sw. Zool. Ill. (div. 1.) Vol. i. pl. 13.

Rostrum tenue, breve, valde depressum, frontis latitudinem superans,
mandibule superioris abrupté adunce, et ad apicem emarginata,
marginibus dilatatis, et inferioris margines superplicantibus.
Nares medii, basi membrand pennis minutis instructd obtectd,
apertura parvd, rotundd, terminali, tantim non nudd. Rictus
ampli, ad mandibule superioris basin vibrissis rigidis armatt.
Pedes sedentes, graciles, digitis lateralibus imparibus, digito exte-
riore ad medi digitt articulum primum annexo, halluce valido.

Bill thin, short, very much depressed, broader than the front of the
head; the upper mandible abruptly hooked and notched at the
tip; the margins dilated, and folding over those of the under
mandible; nostrils central, the base covered with a membrane
having minute feathers, the aperture small, round, terminal,
and nearly naked; mouth large, armed above with stiff
bristles; feet sitting, slender; lateral toes unequal, exterior
united to the middle as far as the first joint; hinder claw
strongest.

ee ee

SPECIFIC CHARACTER,

P. (fem.) supra olvvaceo-fuscus, infrd pallidé fulvus ; jugulo albo ;
genis pennisque spuris nigris ; strigd ante et pone oculum, macu-
loque auriculart albentibus.

(Female) above olive-brown ; beneath pale fulvous; throat white;
ears and spurious quills black; stripe before and behind the
eye, and spot on the ears whitish.

Platyrhinchos cancromus. (male?) Temminck and Laugier. Pi. Col.
PIS V2: f..2.

EEE

"Tue remarkable breadth of the bill, and the extreme short-

ness of the tail, in this bird, render it a very singular little

creature. Though a native of Brazil, I never met with it

during my travels in that country ; and the only specimen I

have yet seen belongs to Mr. Leadbeater. The figure of
Pl. 115.

P. cancromus of Professor Temminck, differing only from this
bird in having a yellow crest, leads me to believe they are
sexes of the same species; this being the female bird. The
tail in the male appears to be somewhat longer, but this
may be an error of delineation, and the description has not
yet been published.

The figure is of the natural size, and below is an outline
of the bill and nostrils; these latter are depressed, and the
base covered with thickset feathers ; the aperture is naked,
round, and piercing the membrane in a lateral direction,
midway between the ridge and margin of the bill, and at
the end of the nasal membrane. The plumage above fulvous
brown: darker, and tinged with reddish on the margin of the
quills and tips of the wing covers: spurious quills and
stripe beneath the eyes black: the upper part of the ears
are also black, the lower half whitish yellow; chin and
throat whitish ; breast and body beneath pale fulvous brown ;
tail remarkably short, and not projecting beyond the wings ;
upper mandible black, lower white.

Since the publication of the remarks on this genus at
Plate 14, a further consideration of the subject induces me to
adopt the opinion of Professor Temminck, in placing the Todus
Platyrhynchos, Gm., and its allies, under a distinct genus ;
or, in other words, of detaching from this group the second
division annexed to my former definition of this genus. Still,
however, the close affinities I have there pointed out, render
the generic situation of several of these birds very doubtful ;
because the transition from one to the other is so gradual
that even the most accurate set of generic characters, founded
on the bill, will not clearly define the limits between the
Platyrhynchus and Muscipeta. Their anatomy might do so,
but on this subject we are quite ignorant.

I can gather nothing from the characters which Dr.
Horsfield has given in the Linnean Transactions of his new
genus Eurylaimos; which does not perfectly agree with
those of Platyrhynchus. It appears to have precisely the
same formation of bill, nostrils, legs, &c. as P. cancromus,
but in a higher state of development; thus strengthening
the opinion [ have above expressed.

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MUSCIPETLA barbata,
Whiskered Flycatcher.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Rostrum latum, valde depressum, lateribus aliquando dilatatis, culmine
prominente, mandibule superioris apice adunco, plerumque emar-
ginato, marginibus mandibule plane inferioris margines super-
plicantibus. Nares bhasales, membrand obtecte, aperturd ter-
minal, ovatd, vibrissis longis armatd.

Ob. Pedes mediocres vel breves, digito exteriore ad medii articulum
secundum annexo, interiore et medio ad basin modd annexis.

Bill broad, much depressed, the sides sometimes dilated, ridge
prominent; tip of the upper mandible hooked, and mostly
notched, the margins folding over those of the under man-
dible, which is flat; nostrils at the base of the bill covered by
a membrane; the aperture terminal, oval, and defended by
long stiff bristles.

Ob. Feet moderate or short; the external toe united to the middle
as far as the second joint, the inner and middle toes united
only at their base.

Generic Types (Tem.) Todus plumbeus, Muscicapa borbonica, Fla-
bellifera, &c.

SpEcrIFIC CHARACTER.

M. Supra olivacea, subtus fulva, aured cristd (maribus) msignis ;
jugulo albido ; uropygio pallide flavo ; caudd nigra.

Above olivaceous, beneath fulvous, (male,) with a golden yellow
crest; throat whitish ; rump pale yellow; tail black.

Muscicapa barbata. Gmelin. i. 933. Lath. In. Orn, 2, p. 488. n. 86.
mas.

Whiskered Flycatcher (male). Lath. Syn. 364.

ne

T once shot a pair of these little birds in the forest of

Pitanga, about twenty leagues west of Bahia: this is the

only instance which I know of their having been found in

Brazil. The same bird appears, however, more frequent
Pi. 116.

in Cayenne, according to the older ornithologists. But
whether the bird described by them as the female be really
such, admits of great doubt, because Dr. Latham (probably
on the authority of Buffon) describes it as having a smaller
bill, and a few short hairs, instead of long bristles, at the
base; the crown with a spot of yellow, a longer tail, &c.
None of these are, in general, sexual distinctions, and,
moreover, are at complete variance with the female here
figured. The sexes I ascertained by dissection. It follows,
therefore, that either the bird found in Cayenne is a distinct
species, or that the bird described as its female is not such
in reality. This latter supposition I apprehend is nearest
the truth. '

The figures are of the natural size, the upper representing
the female, and the lower the male bird: the head of the
former is entirely destitute of the crest which distinguishes
the latter ; in every other respect the resemblance is uniform.
This crest, when not erected, is concealed, being nearly
covered by the olive feathers around it. When erected,
however, it discloses a stripe down the middle of the head
of deep straw-coloured feathers, some of which are tipped
with olive. The upper mandible of the bill is triangular,
and much hooked, notched, and depressed ; the colour is
black, the perforations of the nostrils are rather large, and
would be naked, were they not partially covered by numerous
stiff bristles, which spring from the base of the bill and
angle of the mouth; between the eye and bill a pale stripe.
The plumage above is dull olive green, with a broad band
of very pale yellow across the rump. Wings and their
covers brown ; tail and upper covers blackish; beneath, the
plumage is yellowish, the chin almost white, and the breast
and vent tinged with ferruginous ; the two first quill feathers
are progressively shorter than the third and fourth, which
are equal, and longer than the others. Legs and claws
short, siender, and pale.

This bird would obviously belong to the second division
which I had proposed in my former remarks on Platyrhynchus,
and it is in every respect allied to P. Ceylonensis, Pl. 13.
My reasons for disturbing this previous arrangement have
been already given; and, until a complete investigation is
made of the immense genus of Flycatchers, I concur with
M. Temminck in the distribution which he has proposed;
viz. the arrangement of the European species under the old
genus of Musczcapa, and of the exotic under that of Muscipeta ;
the characters of which, however, are very imperfect : they
are, indeed, at variance with this bird, which has the outer
and middle toe connected only to the first joint, and the
inner toe cleft to the base.

117

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NECTARINIA cyanocephala,
Blue-headed Nectarinia.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Nectarinia. Iiliger. Cuvier. Czeereba Brisson. Temminck. Certhia.
Motacilla Linn.

Rostrum longius, gracile, acutum, sub-arcuatum, bast crassa, lata, tri-

gond, lateribus compressis, mandibuld superiore apicem juxta
leviter emarginatd. Nares basales, ovat, breves, membrand nudé,
in medio ovate fissd tecte. Lingua longa, bifida, apice jibroso,
haud extensibilis. Remigum penne prime tres vix pares. Cauda
mediocris, emarginata, rectricibus 12, sub-parebus.

Bill slender, acute, slightly curved, of variable length, base thick,
broad, trigonal, the sides compressed ; upper mandible near
the tip slightly notched; nostrils basal, oval, short,covered by
a naked membrane, in the middle of which is an oval aperture ;
tongue long, bifid, not extensible, the tip fibrous; the three
first quills of nearly equal length, and longer than the resi;
tail moderate, emarginate, of 12 nearly equal feathers.

Generic Types, Div. 1. Certhia cyanea, cayana. Div. 2. Certhia
spiza, &c. Linn.

SpPecIFIC CHARACTER.

N. (mas.) cyanea; jugulo, dorso, caudd alisque nigris, remigibus
margine cyaneo ornatis. (Fem.) Viridis ; capite, gents scapulisque
cerulescentibus ; jugulo cano.

(Male.) Changeable blue; throat, back, tail, and wings black;
the quills edged with blue. Female green; head, cheeks,
and scapulars bluish; throat grey.

Male.

Motacilla cayana. Linn. Gmelin, 1. 990.

Sylvia cayana. Lath. In. Orn. 2. 545. Gen. Zool. 10. 655.
Pepit bleu de Cayenne? Brisson, Ois. vol. 3. pl. 28. 1.
Cayenne Warbler. Lath. Syn. 4. 502. Gen. Zool. 10. 655,

Sylvia Cayenensis cerulea. Brisson, Orn. 1. p. 455.

Female,

Motacilla cyanocephala. Gmelin, 1. 990.
Sylvia cyanocephala. Lath. In, Orn, 2.546. Gen. Zool. 19, 684.
Pl, 117.

Sylvia viridis.. Bresson, Orn. 1. p. 455.

Le Pepit verd. Brisson, Ois. 3. pl. 28. f. 4.
Blue-headed Warbler. Lath. Syn. 4. p. 503.
Blue-headed Creeper? Lath. Syn. 2. p. 727.

EEE

Few birds require more illustration than this very beautiful
though common species; described by most ornithological
writers, but hitherto so little understood, that the two sexes
stand as distinct species in a family of birds to which they
have, in reality, no natural affinity. According to the Lin-
nean system it should have been rather placed with the
Creepers than the Warblers; an error which has been
continued by every subsequent writer, even by Professor
Temminck, whose skilful and accurate perception of natural
affinities is, in general, so remarkably correct.

That these two birds, however dissimilar in colour, are the
sexes only of one species, repeated dissections in their native
country have put beyond all doubt ; and that it is a genuine
Nectarinia (or Careba of Temminck) will appear from sub-
mitting it to a rigorous comparison with the characters the
Professor himself has laid down for that genus.

Its habits are no less perfectly the same as the rest of the
Nectarinig; it is one of the commonest birds of Brazil, and
appears spread over the whole extent of that country. It
frequents the same trees as the Humming-birds, hopping
from flower to flower, and extracting the nectar from each ;
but this is not done on the wing, because its formation is
obviously different from the Humming-birds, which, on the
contrary, poise themselves in the air during feeding. The
shortness of the bill has evidently given rise to this bird
being placed with the Warblers; but this organ is not
shorter in proportion than it is in Nectarinia spiza, (Certhia
spiza of Latham).

! am unacquainted with the other varieties of this species
mentioned by authors. Of the bird here described, I have
never seen any variety, either in Brazil or in our museums.
The young males, as usual before moulting, have the colours
of the female; one of them, in an intermediate state, is in
iny possession. As both the figures are of the size of life,
and accurately coloured, a fuller description is unnecessary.
The rich sky-blue of the male, in some lights, becomes
greenish, and in others dark blue. The bill, like that of all
the genuine Nectarinia, is slightly notched a little way from
the tip, and the base 1s much broader than high.

oe

ER n'3

CONUS Generalis,

Flambeau Cone.

GENERIC CHARACTER.—See Pl. 65.

Speciric CHARACTER.

C. testa gracih, fuscd, fasciis albidis strigis undatis longitudinalibus
interruptis ornatd ; spire producte apice acuto, anfractibus
concavis, levibus ; basi nigrd.

Shell slender, brown, with white bands, interrupted by longitudinal
stripes; spire produced, the tip acute, whorls concave, smooth ;
base black.

Conus Generalis. Gmelin, p. 33.75. var.a. Dillwyn, 359. var. a.
Martini, vol. 2. p. 58. f. 645, 646. (dark variety) f. 648 to 652.
(pale varieties). Gualt.20 f. G.

Conus Generalis. Brug. p.642. Lam. Ann. vol. 15. p. 363.

Ir becomes necessary to figure this elegant, but not un-
common Cone, in order to show the young conchologist the
ttle importance that should be attached to colour in the
discrimination of species: the figures will likewise point out
more fully the distinctions between the present shell, C.
maldivus, and C. cinctus ; three species, whose close affinity
require illustration.

These relative distinctions may be comprised in a few
words ; they rest principally on the spire, which in C. gene-
ralis has the upper half much lengthened, slender, and acu-
minated : in C. maldivus the spire is thick and much shorter :
the whorls in both these species are quite plain, and nearly
flat: the spire of C. cinctus resembles the last in form, but
is deeply concave and striated. These characters are, [ think,
very satisfactory as specific distinctions.

On the other hand, some attention to these shells lately,
has convinced me that many of the species formed both by
Bruguiere and Lamarck should be more correctly con-
sidered as varieties; inasmuch as their specific distinctions
rest, for the most part, on colour alone: this appears, indeed,
to be the leading character selected by these eminent concho-
logists, and to which, therefore, they have attached the
greatest importance. From this opinion, however, f com-

pletely dissent; on the principle, that no character which
Pl, 118.

is variable can, with any consistency, be made use of to
express permanent distinctions, when not supported by
peculiarity of formation or sculpture. The great art in framing
the description of a species consists in singling out those cha-
racters alone which are most permanent, and exist in every
variety of that species ; for, when once a character is found
to be variable, it no longer becomes a distinction by which
a species can be recognised. I consider, therefore, forma-
tion and sculpture as the only certain characters of species,
and that variation of colour should alone distinguish
varieties.

It is therefore not surprising that the specific characters
given by MM. Bruguiere and Lamarck, and resting princi-
pally on the colours of these shells, are frequently obscure,
and always long; two inevitable evils attending every at-
tempt to describe minutely the colour, form, and disposition
of the markings of shells. In justice, however, to these
great naturalists, it should be observed, that in this attempt
they have done that best which no writer has ever done
well.

The spire of C. generalis is generally spotted, and the
white band on the margin of the body whorl, move or less
crossed by broad waved stripes of a dark brown. It is an
inhabitant of many parts of the Indian Ocean.

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AMPULLARIA globosa,
Round Apple Snail.

GENERIC CHARACTER. — See Pl, 103.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

A, testa globosd, levissimd, olivaced; spird depressd; aperture
margine crasso, fulvo, sulcato ; umbilico parvo, contracto, juxta
basin posito ; operculo testaceo.

Shell globose, very smooth, olive; spire depressed; margin of the
aperture thick, fulvous, grooved; umbilicus small, contracted,
placed near the base; operculum shelly.

Helix Ampullacea. var. Gmelin, p. 3626. no. 43. Chemnitz, 9 tab.
128. fig. 1133. 1134. p, 105.

———

Tutus is the most common of the two shells of this genus,
which have their mouths closed by a shelly operculum. It
is well described by Chemnitz, and his figures are very
tolerable ; yet, like all the authors of that period, he con-
sidered it as a variety of Helix ampullacea. From all these
supposed varieties it is, nevertheless, quite distinct; the
spire is more depressed than that of any other species, and
the umbilicus is placed near the bottom of the inner lip: the
whole shell is very smooth, and, although generally of a_
uniform yellowish olive colour, is sometimes marked by
narrow bands of purple brown. The margin of the outer
lip is slightly reflected, and the colour, beneath the epi-
dermis, almost white. It is a native of the rivers of India.
From the remarks on this genus, made at Plate 103, the
fact of their opercula being either shelly or horny, is sufti-
ciently established. These formations, however, there is
every reason to suppose, may generally be detected by the
following indications. In such species as have a shelly
operculum, the margin of the aperture is thickened all round,
and has a parallel internal groove for its reception: the pro-
bable use of this groove I have detailed elsewhere. On the
other hand, in those species which are known to have horny
opercula, this margin and groove do not exist; and that part
of the shell which is between the top of the aperture and the
11 (a ee

umbilicus, is thin and unprotected. This latter formation
is by far the most frequent, and leads to the conclusion that
the majority of these shells have their opercula horny.

On the distinctions between this genus and Planorbis,
little need be said. The principal difference consists in the
latter having no operculum; but another, and a very remark-
able one, (which seems to have escaped all writers,) is, that the
shells of the latter genus are destitute of any columella. The
Planorbis cornu-arietis of Lamarck, has been removed by
Mr. G. Sowerby to this genus. This shell, it is true, appears
to be intermediate between one and the other; but the only
affinity which it bears to dmpullaria, is in the oval form of
the aperture; while it is allied to Planorbis by its discoid
form, want of the columella, and being universally described
as without an operculum : the preponderance of evidence is
clearly in favour of the situation originally assigned to it by
Lamarck.

The characters, therefore, given to the genus dAmpullaria
by Mr. G. Sowerby, will be found incorrect. There
was no necessity for explaining, much less for alter-
ing, (in this instance,) the masterly definitions of Cuvier
and Lamarck. With regard to the second species given by
Mr. Sowerby to illustrate this genus, he is no less in error ;
for the real A. rugosa, of all authors, is a strikingly distinct
shell from that which he has figured under this name. This
will be sufficiently obvious by referring to the figures either
of Lister, Chemnitz, or Lamarck.

Having offered these remarks on a subject to which I
have paid some attention, I wish to refrain from pointedly
noticing other errors and misconceptions into which
Mr. G. Sowerby has fallen; rather wishing that greater
experience, and more matured judgment, may lead him to
do this himself, prior to the publication of the system of
Conchology which he has announced.

GENERAL ALPHABETIC INDEX

LATIN AND ENGLISH NAMES

ACHATINA emarginata
fasciata
vittata
Chesnut- banded
notched
Ribbon ‘
Ampullaria, Gen. Char.
fasciata
globosa é
Anodon, Gen. Char.
rugosus .
Apple-snail, banded
globular
Aracari, lettered
Bee- -eater, black-capped
Botis, Gen. Char.
bicdlor
marginata ’
Cinnyris, Gen. Char.
chalybeia
Conus carinatus
cinctus
generalis
Princeps .
pulchellus
terebra
Cone, carinated
Flambeaux B
Orange Admiral
Prince
Screw
Cowry, Mosaic
Courier, black- helien
Crab-eater, Cinnamon
Creeper, lesser-collared

VOLUME II.
Pl.)
84 || Cursorius, Gen. Char.
74 Temminckii
84 || Cyprea, Gen. Char.
74 tessellata
84 || Date-shell, banded
ib. grey
103 Fly-spot
ib. || Ear-shell, wanleholed, Cals
119 || Flatbill, shoresitailed :
96 Flycatcher, bearded
ib. || Hairstreak, red-bordered
112 || Halcyon, cinnamominus
119 || Haliotis, Gen. Char.
90 Californiensis
76 || Hawk-moth, wild vine
77 Ello
ib. || Humming-bird, white-tailed
elf sickle-winged .
95 blue sickle-winged
95 recurved bill
112 || Horsemussel, wrinkled
110 || Ianthina, Gen. Char.
118 fragilis
86 | globosa
114 || Licinia Amphione
70 || Marginella, Gen. Char.
112 cingulata .
118 faba
114 prunum
86 || Merops Savignii
70 || Mitra caffra
111 crassa
106 pertusa, var... :
67 || Mitre Brown, wh. banded .
95 Cardinal, var. .

Mitre, thick . J
Muscipeta, Gen. Char.
barbata ;
Natica, Gen. Char. .
effusa
melastoma
mustelina
punctata
spadicea
sordida
banded
belted
brown ;
black-mouthed
spotted
open ‘
Nectarinia, Gen. Char,
cyanocephala
blue-headed
Oceanic snail, common
globular :
Papilio, Gen. Char. .
Evander .
Harrisianus
Nox
Torquatus
Polymetus
Pandrosus
Parrakeet, grey-breasted
turcosine .
Paludina, Gen. her
elongata .
unicolor
carinata
Picus affinis

Platyrhynchus, Gen. Char. 115

cancromus
Pogonias, Gen. Char.
hirsutus
rubrifrons
Psittacus murinus
pulchellus
Pteroglossus inscriptus
Puff bird, greater pied
River-snail, long- Vs
olive
carinated .
Ramphastos dicolorus
Sphinx, Gen. Char.
Ello
Labruscee
Strombus dilatatus
mutabilis
little pink-thouthed
winged
T amatia, Gen. Char:
macrorhynchos
Thecla, Gen. Char.
Galathea :
Toucan, yellow billed
Tooth-lill, red-fronted
hairy-breasted
Trochilus, Gen. Char.
niger
falcatus
recurvirostris
ensipennis
Xenops, Gen. Char.
genibarbis
whiskered

Eb

ib.
68

=

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

—————_______

VERTEBROSA.

PART I.

—— _____

ORNITHOLOGY.

Haxcyon cinnamominus
Pocontas rubrifrons

hirsutus

Prcus affinis :
Pstrracus pulchellus .

murinus

Merroprs Savignii .
TROCHILUS niger

faleatus
recuryirostris
ensipennis

PTEROGLOssUs inscriptus
RampuasrTos dicolorus
Cinnyris chalybeia
TAMATIA macrorhynchos
XENopsS genibarbis
Cursorius Temminckii
PLATYRHYNCHUS cancromus
Muscrpera barbata
NeEcraRrrnia cyanocephala

Pl.
67
68
72
78
73

89
76

82

83
105
107

90
108

95

99
100
106
115
116
117

—_ é e
Phy - i e
va, AnD &. YB acstoyache, er an ae
vo dese Wie tie er et ec ae te
Vivre iat 1 P corheslenay. ra: J ee
Mi bia. he +: : py i ne Aaah ; - 73 ;
; - yy ’ a if
Bey a O14 Wea Raa Ve
i ey Ma ‘-- & hi oe ae act
ean hstamah aa iba (ai tay bx far
pec wees ce mee am
ey) 4 es ie rn y A We
‘ . K 4 Por
Pech Chay ca mat ee
- tnd Pea! ere 4 “s 7 by,
x ii \. . Pa tana, “ys .
re A ae vias, bets chan (8 ze 24}.
ay i ity ‘ eo Renter . a Res
4 = " Ki ry ss va ; 3 uh - a _—
ae. Of owe O Sead
i hi mh ‘ A / LALA. Pri ‘hae J hb ’ -
t eh! rae! We ey
a anni ryan | Wovaaait phe Byler
: i “accogitindhipe adraogo') Sic pany
+ ok, hawks) tia i ie
y Re dy cits euord 4h
: ne far
in vee aulbastotiiry eau Arntad ani
P a i? % : / , ~
: q es — ©) sentra Bin
A Lah f re engine: eaoaalt deg Pipes
Wig > Een. pie tales a0 fuos't se
: autho batan AY
aro. Av ‘09 A J
OT Se atietisiat =c at te =
v =i tgs td 3
ainceagiens TO eae, .
i Nee
. abigrenent Ay a8Gd Gourd a midee
ae i t airotoail. 20) TannrM as %,
pad ¢imio: BeAy RAL
codeaydaor SOME AITAM AD |
: athadiioy 2t0Kde
oT iinet’ E “BuiaoRaae)
ati. : asso 80 aUHOUT HA CTALS
ott. 7 . Biadurd atadidauM
Ri Gay seat’; . alardqaonuay>, piste ntoy M
> - :
is : Nn

SYS FEMATILCeIN DEX.

ENTOMOLOGY.
PART II.

Tecra Galathea .

Licrnra Amphione

Parriio Polymetus
Pandrosus
Torquatus
Evander
Nox
Harrisianus

Spuinx Ello
Labruscz

Botis marginata .
bicolor

Els
69
91
92
93
94.
101
102
109

81
87

77
1

S.

THROLOIMUEA ofa

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hte GROBAN 1K 38. | =
REET 1, AA Ce | Sy
ah r ' ‘
1, Volar adel Ua! ie a ;
; SSA TOR ve i f
a open thpee S “ i!
; ders true 1 7
J y ' #f yi 5 Der
fev 2 :
Ma fe abaeviArt ee
; } , ae
5 a a : xl ane a A
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Tae + alleh 7 Mina :
é wmoiwidod oad ps
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SY SEE VA TEC LN DEX.

—<—<<_—_____.__.

CONCHOLOGY.
PART If.

Pe
STROMBus mutabilis . ‘ : ee
dilatatus . é : : Paea’
AcHATINna fasciata . : 2 ee.
emarginata : : : . 84
. vittata F : : 3 : 84
lantuina fragilis : : : . 85
globosa. : : - 85
Mirra caffra - : : : . 88
crassa 7 : : ; ROO
pertusa : : : op bls
MaRGINELLA cingulata : . Pe ey
prunum : é ‘ 3 97
faba . , ‘ . , 2 OF
PaxupINA elongata. : . ay POS
unicolor . : : ; . 98
carinata . : . : . 98
Navica spadicea . ; : : Re Wh
mustelina . : ; 4 iw ao
sordida . ; : : a ke
melastoma : : : a 79
punctata . . : . 104
effusa : ; : . 104
Cypra2@a tessellata . i a) |
Conus terebra : 70
princeps . : : : 86
cinctius : : ; : 7 PEO
carinatus . : 2 BA
pulchellus . é . 114
generalis : am LS

ANODON rugosus . : ‘ : : 96

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AV ARE OMAR ig iui) aavab Dh M8 Wa on
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38 “1 ite - B. aitrsert ae eT Kal 2 oat,

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BO ee ere ochre eee

ao) a. re fen won a

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ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA.

67. line 5, for “ plumesque” read ‘* plumisque.”

69.
70.

71.

91.

92.

92.

95.

115.

117.

16, for “‘ gigantia” read “ gigantea.”
11, for ‘‘ excerted” read ‘* exserted.”
2, for ** Cane” read ** Cone.”
5, for ‘* fasciique” read ‘* fasciisque.”
24, for ‘ renders” read ‘* render.”
7, for ‘ apertura” read “ aperturd.”
16, for ** urseus” read ‘‘ wrceus.”
11 from the bottom, for ‘* gracibus” read “ gracilibus.”
16, for ‘‘ and Godart mentions” read “ and according to Godart.”

— 13, for ‘‘ caudi,” read ‘* caudis.”

8 from the bottom, for “* c. Dentaris” read ‘¢ c. DenTATI.”
third page, line 3, for “* Medicii” read ‘‘ Medici.”
10, for ‘* Danais” read ** Danaus.”
fourth page, line 10, dele *‘ not.”
12 from the bottom, after “ angustd” add a comma.
second page, line 14 from the bottom, for ‘* Nectarinia” read
“ Nectarinie.”
second page, line 10 from the bottom, after ‘* between the”
add ‘* genera.”
line 5 from the bottom, for “ Eurylaimos” read “* Eurylaimus.”
6, for “ lata” read ‘ lata.”

the Systematic Index to Vol. I. Conchology, Part I., for “ Acephalis” read

3” and at the head of the list of errors, for ‘‘ Corregenda” read

“© Corrigenda.”

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