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WILLIAM H. DALL
. SECTIONAL LIBRARY)
YIVISION OF MOLLUSKS

Zoological Hllustrations,

OR

ORIGINAL FIGURES AND DESCRIPTIONS

OF

NEW, RARE, OR INTERESTING

ANIMALS,

SELECTED CHIEFLY FROM THE CLASSES OF

DMrnitbologp, Entomology, and Conchology,

AND ARRANGED ON THE PRINCIPLES OF

CUVIER AND OTHER MODERN ZOOLOGISTS.

BY

WILLIAM SWAINS ON, FAS. ELS.,

MEMBER OF THE fe eee SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH, ETC.

VOL. IIL.
Divigion of Molluaks
Sectional Library
London:

PRINTED BY JAMES MOYES, GREVILLE STREET;

FOR BALDWIN, CRADOCK, AND JOY, PATERNOSTER-ROW ;
AND W. WOOD, STRAND.

TO22-3:

PREFACE.

In concluding the last volume of these Illustrations, I may
be allowed to express the satisfaction I feel, at the favourable
manner in which the work has been received, both in this
country and on the continent.

Several objections have been urged, even by sensible
writers, against miscellaneous works on Zoology. First,
that they range over the whole animal kingdom, without
completing the history of any one tribe. Secondly, that
their authors, while professing to illustrate only what is new
or little known, intrude a large proportion of subjects to be
found in all the common natural histories. And thirdly, that
this rapid mode of publishing new discoveries, is an infringe-
ment on the right, and is detrimental to the labours, of those
naturalists who direct their attention to one particular branch.
These objections, however, are not unanswerable ; for, in the
first place, these miscellanies should more properly be con-
sidered as graphic illustrations, or collections of figures,
wherein the efforts of the artist, aided by scientific know-
ledge, are called forth, to complete, by his pencil, the more
minute and detailed descriptions which should proceed from
the pen of the monographer. The most perfect works in the
science are undoubtedly those which unite the labours of
both ; but, in proportion as this perfection is attained, the
general utility of such works is diminished. They become
so enormously expensive, that they are only to be seen in
universities and princely libraries; for the most part inac-
cessible to the naturalist, and nearly unknown to the public
at large. The works of Le Vaillant, Desmarest, Vieillot, Fe-
russac, and several others, published in France and Germany,
are of this description; and while in one sense they have

Vi PREFACE.

considerably benefitted the science, they have in another
proved very detrimental to its general diffusion. No sensible
naturalist will risk his fame, by giving his observations to the
world, without knowing what has been done by those who
have preceded him ;—until, in fact, he has proper materials
to work upon. He knows that these sumptuous authors
should be consulted; he has not the means of so doing;
and he relinquishes his purpose in despair. Such has been
the result in two or three instances which I could mention :
and the power of materially extending the bounds of science
is thus confined to those favoured few, who are so fortunate
as to possess, or to have the power of consulting, those
splendid publications.

The second objection is well grounded; but in whatever
degree it may apply elsewhere, I trust the following pages
will evince my anxiety to render the work replete with
subjects hitherto unknown or unrecorded; and my own
collections, in most cases, have given me ample means for
examining and comparing both the genera and species of
nearly all the subjects I have attempted to illustrate.

In several instances my opinions will be found to differ
from those of many celebrated naturalists of the day; but
I have endeavoured to put the reader in possession of the
reasons which have led to the conclusions I have adopted.
This is but justice towards those who have preceded me,
and to the great body of naturalists, by whom such ques-
tions will ultimately be decided. The age is past wherein
the ipse divit of a great name was enough to check all
inguiries after truth. Assertions must now be proved
before they are admitted: and those writers-who lay before
the public tribunal of science their facts, their arguments,
and their deductions, can alone hope to have their opinions
generally adopted.

The third and last objection is as new as it is singular;
and has been urged against Miscellanies in general by an

. PREFACE. vii

anonymous French writer.* However an author may feel
annoyance or disappointment, that another should be the first
to publish discoveries, which he fancies belong exclusively
to himself, he surely has no title to complain. The field of
Nature is open to the inquiries of all. In her domain there
are not yet established any scientific preserves.+ If occupation
or indolence does not permit one labourer to make known his
discoveries, is another (who perhaps unconsciously has been
working on the same ground) to hide the knowledge he has
gained? This is surely a principle at once illiberal and
unjust. At this time, there is not perhaps a single depart-
ment of Zoology which is not employing the attention of
more than one writer. It is to the honour, and to the lasting
benefit of science, that it should be so: and although a
great part of the new objects collected during my travels in
Europe and Brazil have recently been made public by MM.
Temminck and Godart, I feel rejoiced that this has been
done by such distinguished men.

I have been induced to enter (perhaps too fully) into a
general defence of Zoological miscellanies, from the opinion
I entertain of their great utility. First, in diffusing a general
knowledge, and exciting a taste for such pursuits among the
ereat mass of readers; and secondly, as being a prompt and
interesting channel of communicating new discoveries to the
scientific world. Their periodical appearances and compara-
tive cheapness renders them of easy access to the student ;

* “ Pendant que les naturalistes font des monographies, des ouvrages
généraux ol la synonymie, les coupes systématiques sont, a force de temps
et de soins, établies avec rigueur, les auteurs des miscellanées, avec quelques
phrases et des noms nouveaux, font des genres ou des especes, et publient
50 cahiers dans lesquels les fruits de dix ans de recherches ou de voyages
sont enlevés a leurs auteurs. (F.)”’—Bulletin des Annonces et des Nouvelles
Scientifiques ; publié sous la direction de M. le B. de Ferussac. N. 4. p. 53.

+ See the Sketch Book of G, Crayon, vol. i. p. 130.

Vill PREFACE.

and, if well conducted, they unite all that is essential from
the pen and the pencil.

Several foreign journals have noticed the appearance of
these Illustrations, and generally in such terms as to stamp
a value on their contents. One of these, however,* contains
several. misrepresentations, which have doubtless escaped
the notice of the editor; and which, therefore, it may be as
well to explain in this place. The writer in this journal,
while noticing my Illustrations, seems to have mixed up with
it criticisms intended for another periodical miscellany,+ to
which this has, perhaps, given birth, and which professes to
be ona similar plan. He states that these Illustrations are to be
completed in sixty numbers, making five volumes. No such
declaration, to my knowledge, has ever been made, although
such is the averred plan of the Naturalist’s Repository. The
reviewer goes on to state: “ I] suit pour l’Entomologie et la
Conchologie la classification surannée de Linneus.” This
is not a very respectful mode of speaking of the labours of
the greatest naturalist whom his age produced; but the pro-
position is a total mistake ; the charge is refuted by almost
every page of my work; and, what is rather extraordinary,
by the very quotations of the reviewer. In reply to the regret
expressed, ‘ que l’auteur n’indique pas toujours les ouvrages
les plus récens,” I should have been thankful had he sub-
joined what works these were; as I do not find, in the
monthly lists of the Bulletin, any one which I have not
consulted or referred to, if connected with the objects here
described.{ M. de Ferussac’s work has been regularly cited,

* Bulletin des Annonces et des Nouvelles Scientifiques, N. 6. p. 438.

+ Donovan’s Naturalist’s Repository.

{ The additional list of synonyms subjoined at the end of this volume
almost entirely refer to one or two books which have been subsequently
published : the date of 1822, affixed to the seventh volume of Lamarck’s
H. N. des Animaux sans Vertebres, is considerably before the time it was
issued to the public.

PREFACE. 1X

but his Prodromus I have never been able to procure, either
in England or Paris.

And here [ cannot refrain from adverting to the great
number of Zoological publications which have appeared in
this country during the last three years; a number far
exceeding in proportion that of any period in the annals
of the science. Dr. Horsfield has commenced a beautiful
work on the Animals of Java; and Mr. Sowerby is prose-
cuting his Genera of Shells with much zeal, and with
increased ability. Both these appear periodically. They
are conducted on the modern principles of science, and do
credit to their authors. The Naturalist’s Repository, before
alluded to, likewise appears monthly, but is carried on
according to the Linnean system, pure and unadulterated.
All these, however, unite in showing how rapidly the taste
for such works has increased. Added to these, a new
quarterly Journal, exclusively devoted to Zoology, has been
announced, and, if conducted on liberal principles, its utility
will be very great.

But nothing, perhaps, has more fully evinced the state
of public feeling on this point among men of enlightened
minds, than the discussions which have arisen on the present
state of the British Museum. It is a subject on which I
might be tempted to say much, did I not feel, that among
those who do not know me, I might be suspected of inter-
ested or unworthy motives. But from the retirement of a
country life, I may now be allowed perhaps to say a few
words. It is indeed most true, that, in the Zoglogical
department, this institution is a full century behind the
rest of Europe ; I might almost add, of America. But the
fault is deep-rooted ; and does not spring from the person
(whoever he may be) to whom this overwhelming charge is
given. It is ridiculous to suppose that the exertions of any
one person (however great his talents, his zeal, and his assi-
duity,) are sufficient to discharge the duties of so complicated

xX PREFACE.

an office. Such a supposition implies the expectation ofa
moral impossibility; and so long as such a Herculean task
is allotted him, so long will the Museum continue, with
little alteration, in its present state. Where we have one
Zoologist, the museums of Paris, Berlin, and Vienna have
many; each is charged with the care of one particular
branch; and, by their united efforts, the whole is dis-
played to the examination of the scientific, and to the
view of the public. Each professor has thus leisure to pro-
secute the most important objects of his duty; 2. e. to
examine, compare, and describe, to detect analogies, to
investigate affinities, and to give to the world the fruits
of his studies. To France more particularly this honour
is due. And what has been the result? Why, that Paris
has become the Zoological university of Europe; and that
the principles which have emanated from it, are now con-
sidered the only true ones by which Nature is to be studied.

It is not my object to attach reproach to any body of
men collectively, or to any one individually; but truth is
not to be concealed. Every writer who has the advance-
ment of his favourite study at heart, is bound (however
feebly) to advocate its cause. The truth of the preceding
remarks cannot be questioned ; and it remains with those in
power, to consider well, whether such a state of things is
consistent with the honour and reputation of the country;
with the justice due to those great men who founded the
institution ; and to the expectations of the public, by whom
it is supported.

Warwick, October, 1823.

ah tis oii un
= tes at 's
2: Shae, ~ apes 7.
= went +

iret ite: |

“of tele
imiient: ti Ly
athe the tangas
s at ia” ceprtatizy
: Wursw, ‘firs ee et
a Cplloctnan’ haw tiie eye
. fh NYS TUE ua
RB ial eee
Shitty r petta el
giohote,.5 ee ie
cn Wigoat bates likly
deg s! TN iaie :
ty ingre S ar, AO
is. Sawer ope
rte dlincth be
a q Sie FreUe cet

AMPULLARIA corrugata,
Wrinkled Apple Snail.

GENERIC CHARACTER. — See Pl, 103.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

A, testé globosd, corrugatd, olivaced ; spire prominentis, acute, an-
Sractibus wentricosis ; aperture margine crasso, fulvo, sulcato ;
umbilico parvo, juata labit interioris mediam posito ; operculo
testaceo.

Shell globose, wrinkled, olive; spire prominent, acute, the whorls
ventricose; margin of the aperture thick, fulvous, grooved ;
umbilicus small, linear, near the middle of the inner lip;
operculum shelly.

Helix Ampullacea. Linn. Gmelin, p. 3626.
Ampullaria rugosa. Sowerby, Genera of Shells, fas. 4. fig. 1.2.

Tue amexed figures of this hitherto undefined species will
clearly show its distinction from Amp. globosa, (pl. 119);
and the specific characters now framed for these two shells,
will, I think, sufficiently distinguish them from each other.

In comparison with 4. globosu, this (even in the young
state) is a wrinkled, not a smooth shell, having the umbilicus
placed near the middle, not towards the base, of the inner
lip : the spiral whorls are elevated and ventricose, not de-
pressed, and slightly convex ; and the basal volution, instead
of being very wide on the upper part, (near the suture,) is
widest only in the middle. In young shells, the wrinkles
and the marginated aperture are less defined. When divested
of its epidermis, the colour is blueish white, with a few
narrow bands of obscure purple. A specimen in my own
collection has the epidermis so thin, that the colours beneath
it are very conspicuous. The mouth inside is dark chesnut,
with blackish bands; the margin being pale yellow and
slightly reflected. The umbilicus, both in this and in
A. globosa, is small and contracted, while in the real A.
rugosa Lam. (Helix urceus Lin.) it is very large, round, and
deep. This latter shell, also, differs from both of the former,
by having a thin, and not a margined aperture.

Mr. Sowerby appears the only writer who has figured this
shell, which he has mistaken for the A. rugosa of Lamarck.
I am informed by Mr. Humphreys it is a native of India.

Pl. 120,

aa lagen is.

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CINNYRIS Javanica,

Javanese Creeper.

Generic Cuaracter. — See Pl. 95,

Speciric CHARACTER.

C. supra nitide purpureo-erata, subtus olvvaceo-crocea ; scapulas,
uropygio, strigdque lateral a rostro ad pectus descendente nitide
violaceis ; jugulo castaneo ; cauddé nigra.

Above glossy metallic purple; beneath olive yellow; scapulars,
rump, and lateral stripe from the bill to the breast, shining
violet; throat chesnut; tail black. ‘

Nectarinia Javanica. Horsefield in Linn. Tran. vol. 13.1. p. 167.

Unper the full conviction that nature has defined, in the
most complete manner, the geographic limits of the various
tribes of birds subsisting on vegetable juices, I am par-
ticularly anxious to rectify any mistakes that may shake
this hypothesis, in which I find myself supported, in the
fullest manner, by the opinion of Professor Temminck, in
the last edition of his Manuel.

Dr. Horsefield, in his account of the birds of Java,
describes two species under the names of Nectarinia Java-
nica and Pectoralis. It happens, however, that specimens
of both these birds are in my own cabinet, and have en-
abled me to ascertain that they are both decided species of
ra ies perfectly agreeing with the characters laid down
by Cuvier, Temminck, and myself, for this group. It is
difficult to say how this oversight has occurred, because Dr.
H., just before, introduces the genus Czmnyris, and describes
under it two new species. In short, no doubt remains in
my own mind, that Cinnyris is a genus as strictly confined
to the tropical latitudes of the old, as Nectarinia is to the
new world.

The figure is the size of life; the outline of the bill will
illustrate the generic characters, of which one of the most
important is the nostrils. Nothing can exceed the richness
and variety of tints with which this splendid little creature
is ornamented; particularly on the head, which is glossed
alternately with lilac, sea-green, and violet, and appears as
if covered with some metallic substance; the blue on the
wings, back, and edges of the tail is very deep, shining,
and glossed with purple; all the wing-feathers are edged

with olive, and some of the lesser quills with chesnut.
Pl. 121.

ral ; if eal : -
) mn aiyitt § 10 yh i,
\\ sui) an byt ch bas at
oT uae s wilt iy yeaie
; ill tty Tr aw
‘| soueratys Why Wied.
tha Pal ane ag WF Bias Cy be
at ad} by witty d

a

NN

(vat ‘43 s\fi ia

aperhare i.

“eastore “Ht ie uA ;

Tad raph oP Abe. gases: ‘ti

oath Wés bedded. te
mre hs, Tetjiohe Fie Veen ru)

Rie. Bethy Huts tnd

re Sebinet.: Phele Rea

-
>
.—

ote

fi. by
i

ACHATINA virginea, var.

Common Striped Achatina, var. 2 and 3.

GENERIC CHARACTER. — See PI, 30.

SPeciFIc CHARACTER.

A. testd elongata, fasciis numerosis nigris, viridibus et flavis ornatd ;
anfractis basalis latitudine altitudinem superante; aperturd
rotundatd ; labio exteriore integro ; bast profundé emarginatd.

Var. 2. testd fasciis fuscis ornatd ; labio interiore albo.
Var. 3. testa fasciis rufis ornatd ; labio interiore roseo.

Shell elongated, with crowded bands of black, green, and yellow;
basal volution broader than high; aperture rounded; outer
lip entire; base deeply notched.

Bulla virginea. Gm. 3429. Chemnitz, 9.t. 117. f.1000, 1. Dill. 491.

Bulimus virgineus. Brug. p. 363.—Lister, 15.10. Seba, t.40. f. 38.
Ferrusac, pl. 120. f. 3, 4, 5.

Var. 2. Shell banded with brown; inner lip white.
Ferrusac, t. 120. f. 2.

Var. 3. Shell banded with rufous ; inner lip rosy. Chemnitz, 10.
173. f. 1682, 1683, (reversed. )

a —

Tue shell generally known as the Ach. virginea (Bulla
virginea Lin.) is so common, that few collectors do not
possess it. The varieties, however, of this species are rare,
and differ so remarkably in their colouring, as to require
illustration. Several kindred species of this family I have
already described ; and on the same principle of establishing
specific distinctions from formation instead of colour, I shall
now endeavour to point out those characters which are
common, more or less, to all the varieties of this species,
and which distinguish it from its allies. A. virginea may be
known by the comparative shortness of the basal whorl,
which in general is broader than high; the margin of the
outer lip is entire, and sloping in an oblique direction; the
aperture is wide, and nearly round; the lower part of the
columella takes a concave direction, and between its base
and that of the outer lip is a very deep notch. The basal
whorl is so broad that the shell, if placed on a table with
its mouth downwards, will remain erect.

Both these and the two next varieties are in Mr. Dubois’
cabinet. Their locality is unknown; but my young friend,
Mr. Frederick Parkes, has recently sent me shells of the

common variety, found by himself near Kingston, Jamaica.
Pl. 122,

, rl
_aleaentaina- “yl
7 i i Ty aoe. - pT:

bf 82 of Oe ;
sol ry ay. My? t4 G4 0 oqvey Lae mea VE cer ee

4 ni +i ai» a Fi
i PAE. hh Te iwyes) ‘ Laog” ‘4s ny s\n,
’ Th Du \ 3 Hh elt nay ee iX
544) 0 of oe ‘ ; iT 4 ita 6 nt a i ¥, Pa :
e ; tf ) of ue ' \ i " ape aa) eS e” Fi
* | i os) i pA Ah of Ce a Fane Wren
' : ; F , as

e

Veit 18 Vibe ieee ae ea ror au”
. i 7 A r =
dat fy, bic arvelhs.. tae dhol Gey ee ea Ne wees
i ; a) rey rf Poe Trt ® whe § hE # Satie

wait ju Miap oer!

‘ . .y ; - oe ‘, io if a? Wee dynes i yt bene®

ee Ce eee ee Oe

_
7
; ? : ae j aim ‘
: ge ie TP. A elidel, warts. es i poy el, AEE pain?
; | a Lii'Prch C0) ta Pablly Shh tI GRULARADEs Pel ety Aah bee
=
7

SARE PALL Tgy Sat Fi Ot
rae hi ars Oia .* hidh i PRTOR Say eS YN urls, erone waht a ty hla alg wy
Ml dine Avion, Gan hays) Ahad aah paki a aes wah? ay

= eee Sen) : Beebe mvt Aes Fr gaint, tty rai fin Batali Pe )
bas Got tow OLeT ee eee at ie tshirt, Cvulw Daa
"dail og Lilpatv: ) Noy ha Pie erhith a eat a , :
ang hHr Pe, cartel ok 5 geet, all, wird of: reeletur a 4 Rk
@li, May 4am a hale i ae ey is Pein een ls wi] rest a cS
eit a ive) Vow hhh pave o Mie ae ahi at PES Wha

shi 3 ALE xi veto he v) Oi eri, VE AS % wr Aad gli
bread ait Abdul pas! bs pir a ahh 0 aly ie nil?
fi} A Oh pa i, WA bavacaly bs il uid ‘eli’ Al daca

Ota PL AE [five ; dived pain! Py biaitit

sanliv? Gh As 1 py’ ie [te RO, deeds petit ia a
seat th, Stories O° waist fs yee) | eh ve (iatT ala i
on) 1G: mileels ai ayoe, wie ail ee Saialrie,

wAwiinl o* Tegel. yen eee ey Sugint imu Ag ni
3s

Ur
Wye

i
nt

; rt

1

423

7 re th :
ee ean

aa)

16%,

Bernie dio &

AC HATINA virginea, var. 3 and 4,

GENERIC CHARACTER. — See Pl. 30.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER. — See Pl. 122.

A. virginea, var. 3. testd ampliore, albescente, fasciis rufis nigrisque
ornatd ; apertura purpurea ; labio interiore albo.
Var.4. testd ampliore, albd, fasciis 3 angustis, fuscis ornatd ; aper-
turd labroque interiore albis ; anfractu basalt medio subcarinato.

A. virginea, var. 3. Shell larger, whitish, with rufous and black
bands, aperture purple; inner lip white. Mzddle figures.

Var. 4. Shell larger, white, with three narrow brown bands ; aper-
ture and inner lip white; basal whorl in the middle slightly
carinated. Upper and lower figures.

a

Tue two varieties of A. virginea on this plate, are still more
removed from the type of the species than those last figured ;
they are both much larger in size, and var. 4 presents a
slight difference of formation, in having the basal volution
somewhat carinated round the middle; but as in every other
essential character it agrees with the rest, I have refrained
from separating it as a distinct species.

The four varieties I have now illustrated of Ach. virginea,
tend to establish, in a very complete manner, the correct-
ness of the principles on which I have framed the specific
characters of this genus; here are four shells, with a total
difference in the colouring of each, yet all agreeing in the
same formation. It should be observed likewise, that 4.
pallida, figured at pl. 41 of this work, and J. virginea, var. 4,
are nearly the same in colour, while in formation they are
completely at variance. I do not think it has been hitherto
remarked, that the elegant green lines which ornament the
common variety, are only external; they resemble, in this
respect, the epidermis of other shells, for they may be
taken off by a knife without any injury to the enamel. M.
Ferrusac has figured several other varieties in his beautiful

work on Land Shells.
Pl. 193.

ia

LICINIA Crisia.

GENERIC CHARACTER. — See PI. 15.

Speciric CHARACTER.

A. mas. Alis anticis falcato-acuminatis, fuscis, fascid medid margineque
postico flavo ; posticis infra flavescentibus colore griseo vartis, basi
maculis 4 fulvis.

Fem. Alis infra albentibus colore griseo variis ; anticis integris, supra
fuscis, fascid medid margineque postico albentibus ; posticarum
bast maculis 4 fulvis.

Male. Anterior wings angulated, brown, with a central band and
hind margin yellow; posterior beneath yellowish marbled with
grey, base with 4 fulvous spots.

Female. Anterior wings entire, above brown, with a central band and
hind margin whitish; all the wings beneath whitish marbled
with grey; base of the posterior with 4 fulvous spots.

Pieris Crisia. Godart. En. Méth. p.197. Male. Drury, v. 3. pl. 37.
Gale?

rr

Tus extraordinary difference existing between the sexes of
exotic Lepidoptera, and particularly among the Butterflies,
(Papilionde Lin.) is a subject which hitherto has received
but little attention; nor am I aware of any entomological
writer who has described those characters which absolutely
distinguish the sexes: characters which, I am _ persuaded,
will hereafter be found of the first importance in a natural
arrangement of these insects. But in the prosecution of this
desirable object, the naturalist, as far as regards foreign
Lepidoptera, will have to encounter serious obstacles ; many
individuals must be examined of each species, and some of
these dissected. It falls to the lot of few to pursue their
inquiries in the native regions of these insects. Collections
in this country are very few, and some of these are not always
open to the scientific labourer; neither can specimens be
sacrificed for dissection, where there are not more than two
or three individuals of a species.

This is in general a very rare insect ; observed for the first
time by Dr. Langsdorff and myself early in June (the tropical
autumn), in a wood adjoining the Organ Mountains at Rio
de Janeiro. From its local abundance, we were able to
ascertain the sexes. The two upper figures are of the male,
and the lower of the female insect.

Pi. 124.

_ -_
e
I a
- Snail ln aoe
; e
“wy ' F A \ Ki
: ‘ 1 a7 ead
7 i
iy
cv 7 : r
7 Vy ) .
eet
» h\Athifond eqerr = $n: ie: “A
‘ A ¢ .
| | cred woley ory ee: ub s
Tor « - ' + HM ¥
-
2 &
*
7 5
| f Hea ay (eal rah pe
i : fe ari ti Api
A rth a ra pt ta’
544 Apr ah “re
sbeantoaste Avaitah er:
pokes! ‘ as :
. didlonwnas-<sstn” Tes | dy me eld
-
:

% i A na ath i aril cal

| e y wt . » eh al) o a
i ae See pe Rc hr

7 a. ei 7; aor i ine ub% win
li te Led S wperie AVSbedy, ¥
: : bya ue \ i a9 ihe jd: Oe
a armytl *4 ee fe

i
' ‘ i |
agian e ror i PES me . ‘

if ot -if weit! y ee iaied
’ te , wT hid ti i

ved ae 7 hee ?

kan le al
ae ae
T eal ee ay i ger. ‘wine

i

~ yaa 4 aetna oats Ye

pr eae

isiah ee | aa Lira»

Yherin x dipptsi inthe
oS ae
Hs Gaptedla sea)
PS esta ba Neeson
- JPA Pee:
vi ia ¥e Se wis Patz

Ligec: 4 hin i‘) “=

»
3 Vint

Lea az

bi

| - ta pleat fe nin Obehz
Bap pate coke red wink |
2 Wn « ani Bt cee
tas paler print) + ye
i: ae shinyoy: swyath 2 ade <i
or Mes spisimte thar &
ra AOS ik, FG Toty, Ly:
hy: JaeaCWA Bo r

“pCR,

on jebalontra hae
rh ey tee i ih Cheech.
j

p f chaos ass iT() i) bia}i, i ease ee

$7 ae ee bbe

is

ae 2 Seve 0.3 Lire lhe t
a <a 7 fueaghe? Center, Abas!
a if The tag et on Per me +)

PAPILIO Nireus.

GENERIC CHARACTER. — See Pl. 92.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

P. (Gr. Ecaud.) Alis nigris, fascid communi maculisque viridibus ;
posticrs dentatis breviter caudatis ; his subtis fascid subargented,
marginal, nervis divisd. Godart.

P. (Gr. Ecaud.) Wings black, with spots and a common band of
green; posterior wings dentated, obsoletely tailed, beneath
with a silvery marginal band, divided by the nerves.

P. Nireus. Fab. Sys. Ent. 3. p.36. Godart Ency. Méth. 9. 1. p. 48.
Drury 2. pl. 4. fig. 14.2. Cramer, p. 187. A.B. (mas.) pl. 378.
F. G. ( fem.)

EE

I wave figured this insect, principally because it will fully
illustrate the first section (a.) in the arrangement of this
beautiful family proposed at plate 92. The two divisions
there adopted, after the manner of Linneus, (Greci et T'ro-
jani) 1 am fully aware, are purely artificial; but the facility
this distribution will give to the student, in searching after a
particular species, is so obvious, that it need hardly be
pointed out.

I have only had the opportunity of examining the indivi-
dual from which the figure was taken. It is a male, having
the anal valves rather lengthened and obtuse, with a small
hook between them, which projects from the last segment of
the abdomen. This circumstance proves the error of Cramer,
in having mistaken the sexes of this species, both of which
he seems to have figured. That which | apprehend is the
female (Cramer, pl. 378, fig. F.G.) I have not myself seen.
The blue-green on the upper surface of the wings is very
resplendent and changeable, and the palpi and thorax beneath
are covered with numerous whitish spots.

On the under side of the inferior wings, near their base,
is a paler band, rayed with the nerves, and in some lights
shining with a pale silvery reflection. .

Mr. Smeathman sent this species from Sierra Leone, in
Africa, to Mr. Drury. The locality, therefore, of India, given
by Linneus and Fabricius, must be incorrect.

Pl. 125.

ry S
y
4
~~
° ~~
?
a
4%
,
) ro]
44
; .
7
j
+ y Pi
i . \ i {
Larecni
‘
ef ayy {
a “
1 4
J urd i

' ' hi 4 ose
o y ‘ hie o ‘ F, : aie , 1 iy mnethily OP SOT:
7 Teun Via: "aa tot hy uth Bete sy ;
we (Yuh, AY, Atha, EVER bs
e poi a pinata 8 ied! baie

; ‘; re ‘ id Te ah A
isin vegans weigh ih ae oa

, i i} i Ati 7 i

ei “ Tae Wit pheren ae
. aul bi ‘gst

: ; a shh suet
ae iv et bt:

116.

¢

iene of 15 7
; pase set ¥ ahwaras

J

Chie af,

wick ; ype ety
; Barend; Bp Ye: LORS] 1
tyeest, AT}S igre Seren 2

e* eliciz® cor ratings “mir
f = wbertas. § | Meakin: : ’ : =

Hw, Latecs ch is, } ipek, 3 ie
“Bait, whol 0 seprery me ne Tere
ee ah [Pbaehelti-gs vag were tir tis
eee REF itp. f
pea ts Link ok Lax
Pus

CONUS vitulinus, ver.
Orange Four Cone,
Brown-tipp’d variety.

GENERIC CHARACTER. — See PI. 65.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

C. testa fulvd seu fusca, fascus 2 interruptis ornatd; smre brevis,
levate, conice, maculate anfractibus concavis, subgranose striatis ;
basi granosd, alba.

Var. testa flavescente, fascrs obscurts, subalbidis ornatd ; bast rufa.
(Fig. nos.)

Shell fulvous or brown, with 2 interrupted white bands; spire short,
elevated, conic, spotted, volutions concave with subgranulated
strie ; base granulated, white.

Conus vitulinus. Brug. p. 648. Lamarck. Ann. 15. p.265. Knorr,
vol. 5. tab. 1. fig. 4 (optime). Dillwyn 377,

Var. Shell yellowish, with obscure whitish bands; the base rufous.

T receiven this very uncommon shell from the Island of
Amboyna; and although in size and colour it is widely
different from the usual appearance of C. vitulinus, I have
no hesitation in considering it as a remarkable variety only
of that species.

C. vitulinus in general is a small shell. The best represent-
ation of it I have seen is given by Knorr; an author not in
general very accurate in his figures. It varies considerably in
colour, and approaches very near to C. vulpmus Lam. from
which it principally differs in having an elevated, though
short, spire, instead of one nearly flat: the base is granu-
lated, and generally white; C. vulpinus also has the body
whorl carinated and thickest round the upper margin,
whereas, in Vitudinus, it is gently swelled in the middle.

M. Lamarck is, I think, mistaken in the synonyms of this
shell, which is represented in the Ency. Méth. plate 326, fig.
204. The shell at fig. 8. appears to me as the granulated
variety of C. vulpinus.

Inbabits the Asiatic Ocean.

Pl. 126.

ye |
«

<P 7
- ; evr apie! rbyer a? Ce
j \ ;
salt 2) mae rae Ne
- ’
y “ay Wate Wi ay ew 4°! ny + uA
. ; : @ An :
grange “3 el)
J ; : a * i: oe
bd Lh ovis 4 7 ea ka te 134) Ne ad | <a
ao a — : \ ‘
; i oe per 7 at. been 3 * are ~
prBiacy> “iets a rw ee ine Pe ‘yen 4 ie qa. by AD wert. a}
4 iter Saute roe i. "iia 7 , ae int e Ma aie Vi ah é TAT 4 :
») i : = Li An oe va ait ,
> | ’ t
Nee ee te aa ee
, m * ; . - ety
; Py P j ry Sas . Bi
Doite Tas elweatn ie £ se tg SURI “Oa wi roa re
: fhateloeen reitife ditpa pia writ,” b iowa ‘ ie
i ; a lye’. Baty I ews 9 asl ir ret .
4 daly A PV ot tPA ore ¢ Re x af " divest te aus '
rit. is Me ALR | 35) er. a
adie Rei Hil) | Gem Letiny’ iu Pf yan lb Al ale, vee ‘
; a £ ? '
' — cata yee FA Sarwn y
7
46 “hnvalsd, aiid inert Maile eee Net ter ae ee y
% yvialiy Be hi Ww! i y Tay ribs Ne (have Oils rT hf za COeetlg we
‘ a. “— i 7 “4 7 iW n j )
ay ja | ko hae Oe } iG atin Hi" i in rear Wig
y Ladi) 1 eth d APP assy ri ti | ij ais rirey, ios id ati fie
5 Dab Rb wy. nates Aad
; = -BatOey
oe Base Fi cy! han 1 nit a rant: 3 1t8 2 tar et
iw) ie) rv A et ive ot one! me bes
; ui Lea oy tee Tee ‘but vaght Sit Be:

caehk Law attraleet YY et es on shar id
nt apie bots pals fi mot ot dew aiih am Ate
a dae 4 vet Oe ee aft yihcen anvil ween’ oe vee
(7 qh “ sal ape Ue ifs ar OOD > yu vende Ve i : id Me

“iby adel vit gil 08" hays /*hondaiil “tie

pe ry
Pert

cae

alia” wit¥ uy feel ee wile vu a agit avails
- witli to im ‘pastry @ © Aa ade a iy Bishi’ t aes
on, My a yal: wuts. we caves pz }
srahalir ae ay ay: my Ta

bor of. ae ¥

‘ S

127

a ee ey ye fe ore, 5 bo
Sern APY ec) A ‘7,

aa ae vent. aye wo? { > %
ae : G's ry opr Th, ahih vis a A
“holt a by _ . ;
” fiaglness, ° mo Omi m 1 jie ae om,

ens uid, Hvedh ha Bry Olare creole}
a bite, Db. Sats 7 Pia , ‘

“ } TR. .:

* yt . b

-
.
‘
i.
‘
.
a
.
Te
‘
'

CONUS Maldivus,
Spanish Admiral Cone.

GENERIC CHARACTER.—NSee PI. 65.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

C. testd levi, postice gracili ferrugined, maculis albis subtrigonis,
cingulisque numerosis fuscis, albo punctatis, ornatd ; basi ngré ;
spire brevis apice acuto, anfractibus levibus, planis.

Shell smooth, posterior end slender, ferruginous, with angular white
spots, and white bands dotted with brown; base black; spire
short, tip acute, the whorls smooth and flat.

C. Maldivus. Brug. (1789.) p. 644. Lam. Ann. v. 15. p. 264.
C. Jaspideus. Humphreys in Mus. Cal. (1797) p. 12. No. 185.
Conus Generalis. Var. B. Dillwyn. 539.11.

Var. 1. Band in the middle narrow ; upper figure. Ency. Méth.
pl. 325. fig. 6.

Var. 2. Band broader; lower figure.

Var. 3, Band very broad, with dotted transverse lines; meddle

Jigure.
Seba. pl. 54. fig. 11.12. Ency. Méth. pl. 325. fig. 5.7.

EEE

Tue general similarity existing between the Spanish Admi-
ral, and two other cones, figured in this work, I have before
alluded to; it has been placed by the Linnzan writers as a
variety of C. Generalis, from which, however, it invariably
differs, in being a much thicker shell, with a shorter spire,
and the whorls without any concavity. The colour of the two
species varies considerably in different individuals, but C.
Maldivus is always destitute of the dark brown longitudinal
stripes at the top of the body whorl, peculiar to C. Generalis ;
the white bands are either broken into somewhat triangular
spots, or are banded with minute dots ; these triangular white
spots are sometimes scattered in other parts of the shell, and
the white band in the middle varies much in breadth; of all
the varieties I have yet seen, the middle figure is that which
makes the nearest approach to C. Generalis.

The very applicable name given to this shell by Mr.
Humphreys, in the Museum Calonnianum, I should have
adopted, had not Bruguiere previously affixed to it that of
Maldivus, as being a native of the Maldivian Islands.

Pl. 127.

a
ribet aFAOD -

. | oe owt, he Agee
SP : - -
. |
ae i‘ ae in MNT Pa S pa sierra? *
whe F a
——. - ‘ A ' ’ “
s | PAAR AS + ONCE
ir oe P ; F « A Re a A Sal =
eitiege ahi: eee Seley Ny Sas Pika ee ia
5 q . & 7 Ae ‘ eo ‘ ares ‘Ee i
Dyin vi A : eer at + v Ay de TaeM ay / Ue yal ak)
4 4 sane caeiihs VW), Ae att a ees rae ohh re yi “af AU
i a : ia, . cal
+ sega jibe i aN He, sys Saeed). eat lh R97 pan in} Dyecseedigllt 1 f
- a ayy? - gaily sali + pepoveeyl gi- / ‘ aly Qi | abe an Aue is fey ~

lee ae vt ; nae 7
i, aes, cane ff “y wei . hepa Pr

" : Di yy Mirey va" r
i ate aan TORE pin Re aiepat Dye
‘ ow) uy

aa a oe. ath ro ee 4 a
s : + * . re 7 :
3 : " i we ‘ vedi geal at 2 iv .
eae PNAC eGR | UTE I g Pi :
_ 3 ‘ rh) oie) tty ar 7

: 7 '

eli “ waleatxad frat 4 ont

- hihaiiis Mista) gu vile oawoledth Rae ee ae wa
~ ; mins gee}
. hal ines a 4 ant ait >a ak ait iy
: me — ; Neal
raed ile av ©. i udtege ler Tete Peres a 7 py
eet oal foc)! ew eh i 14), MOG aid ree): Dye
bee daids ah Oa Vike 1 : apt Ap wi gr Agee bys sist ont’ {, oh balutlia”
Milsbvawe) ais jsavyeos Pile, ano anoneyis? ee fo) elie”
Bie Aalatls wyihor Latte roel) Cita Baral ae iio
cept aati. laapeiue atl! hint een ee otincrddve ol Tua

.) $eri!. .clawuie/ a 29 ih als phate ld ie
Fialtuslivng rb) eprehal pai je thy tae Os dala age leat pant
Mee Thame Pa ee cule Ty gG*- ante dis ae fe
Fes) he ee AT cant ael eae Ale absiive a <a
athetyr nil > hee lh aiiits pte” five? Alina ou Te lone °
Siar ‘ibei iz iii we abrury rindi waa LA Hike (Sp Aiello ain ; 4
Ya to) inks onl At renteite des regio grind Teetthbant cba! OFS ae
how Pe aghO a afar iss Ai fetus if ae! Hie ate!) esa
ok ot ods dgtargee destown.
‘sia “ ifs ip} a) rf ip TRIM ilmtolygsys MP VEX
éubésf, wie anahie J akeegel at oi Lares
Pees hls eral ye ees egal, ee
ainratay Ul; iad? wll) he we eerayt oa
- é a

we

/28

. Ae i = Big ‘ a
\ ee ara

: Meith: at? 38 ey Mink
By An ie alaivoschi li BO
he TT OMI Be oa Fad ie Y rae
; : are
7 fe vit v7, rp ? 2 wee
at 7 So . ‘ ‘
eerie
a ‘ . ; ma
y’ oe . na t h : 2 .
78 [ass ae! athe E
} 7 woe :
a ee ae ee fe
ch WEVE CL pINihh Lin Sheers
\ : i w x
a wet thane af Vinten
. i : are 6 arenslee: ee y ts ‘Prcua
vif
ae on
ne ) well etre: a.
rr ; ; it
ay ‘thew: erty a ithe iat Right teens

bin 8

pit P) Eitan
es ae oxtafiy hase Bae

Ber gpettery

7
Shee gu fe
wus =

rt ses a
; rh ayers Salted tis bats aks
ng piv yoeti, pe ee dy it fi

» es Pita thoaed si, uP: Bhi ash

Soe en pry dwer dlls, ich ve

i ; ape a boeies: ght 2-4 ved;

‘
‘
t
'" i
4 z
aj a
|
*
fA
‘. el es
ma 2 “ :
net, an
_T :
aE | '
+ > ‘
Lew & Sore ?

CONUS Maldivus, var.
Spanish Admiral Cone,

Chesnut variety.

GENERIC CHARACTER.—See PI. 65.

Specific CHaracter. — See Pl. 127.

Conus Maldivus. Var. B. tes¢d castuned, fascid albescente medid angustd
ornatd ; anfractis basalis bas: et margine albis.

Var. B. Chesnut, with a narrow whitish band in the middle; base
and margin of the body whorl white.

+ + ER ae

As a further illustration of the last plate, I have been in-
duced to figure this very rare variety, from a specimen I met
with at Mrs. Mawe’s. In the disposition of its markings,
it approaches near to the shell represented in the Hncy.
Meéth. plate 325, f. 6, but the white band in the middle is
narrower, and quite destitute of the circular dotted lines
there expressed.

No shells require a greater accuracy of delineation than
the Cones, particularly in expressing the peculiarity in the
form and sculpture of their spires. I am well persuaded
that a great number of the mistakes committed by authors
have originated in the wretched figures contained in Favanne’s
work, and in the early volumes of Martini. Those of Favanne
are generally so loose and inaccurate, (although remarkably
well engraved,) that I do not wish, by quoting, to make
them any authority ; and most of the Cones figured by Martini
are equally bad.

Bruguiere and Lamarck have both given the character of
spira canaliculata to this species, which is altogether a mistake.
The spiral whorls are all but perfectly flat, and the suture is
quite closed up, although sometimes uneven ; originating, as
in many other shells, either from the inequalities of growth, or
from an accidental sea-break, which the animal may have
repaired.

Pl. 128.

~
‘oe oe cy f%
. ’ : j a
ao? li if F { {
‘ a
\~ F i { ‘ ; S585) {>
a i
Lead \
« =
nn a Sn SRD HI
, — j ' j
i] 3 i?
‘
, i.
g he h
\
+ 4% tri)
‘ : . : cus
!
= i . 4 SU i
: i a. eori is
Pe
ao ) STS
: 3 VERITY f Bee PMS on
f iat ASO.) “Stet
r 3 a
j ! { i ' ae F that {3
- -
i ’ 4 p, & oe ‘
te. > eee t/ + ;
: wo ath ehty 10M
«7 s
; its OL NPs OTe
4 oa) {
: ; MATTOS 1
& f( oi tis yi rons.
yh i *
+& (ib pS, Via
: , rah
' ) i / Sitané ‘ i CTE ee LS
lidbe .42199 |‘ bia O85 V1 ea “y SENG
r ‘ P ; « y
Linatyec ‘wh Ie ous ably Lprttaya yt
A :
’ 1104) NQUORTUR cit 2O1D STi
; Ot) Ist RUARS io flO View i
h

’
B + Mah |

; TiGet

* (4

€3: i
| epee i

ae

ote

e 4

a
a
1 - a
a
7 “ :
ry.
i
=
4
=
‘
A
io «
2G
:
Me
’

; ef oy © f
etal Mie ee ee

tints Ys dj i is ty

es cere s A ia a: a thy *

ae molar at fie maar the kee. 1 |

(EBS 6 Fh fe rater Te Ae Si Savy irs tty

ena en tas iF Rect cs: :

8 Se fag: Bits ei ae8 PNG Teathe orem: |

— ae BRCOR Ae OF tee Rania “sires mee

cha Ries ofthe beeesesd, bai eg ‘gh Ried. shin anf
_ = plieaie wolves = Bryn td: aan ORY i sy 4

ithe ~ ne ¥ Phy: y: lve ger Phy
With wh wh f side shir OAs Dreweh, ad
white . Weto of Lb iY slibients red.

a Vr, . biageiies Chive whi a Lda Ag ray
thy Te i by pi ets i aR eotein), oh

is a ror

ae

ek pOX uf Sahil Ainievin: Fhythsa ti
. of Was ital Dr i tis TAP COT MEAT SIV > Ceti vin
bh | ‘pitic sitar ener. bn: a ba Miser? me) ee ., ei ReL f.

ay rik b Se: ethers ie cas bh ePeenut a atte f Hees «st
; reece tein nee wit sive TAM vhs mr

oe 9! be iigeta 4D rete if leer taxa a.

oe 7 Ae dene Pars ati, ie 4h ys fa wh

“Way Rogan or . Y

fi ewii's Bourn t& S& cepaites me tiry ns

_ set poatad «hie vird 1a he atat’:)

< 8 he Pishiben sign ny he awurf i

2 fat wil ‘HOW ‘te y eléscios ‘ Slre

one} fe, eaorarts Th

Rss

?

sas iy

MELLIPHAGA torquata, 4
White-collared Honeysucker.

GENERIC CHARACTER. -— See Pl. 43.

SpEeciIFIC CHARACTER.

M. oliwaceo-fulvd, infra albé; capite auribusque nigris ; torque
nuchal lunato, albo ; superciliorum cute rubra.

Fulvous olive, beneath white; head and ears black; nape with a
white crescent, skin of the eyebrows red.

Black-crowned Honeysucker. Lewin’s Birds of N. Holland, pl. 24.

EEE

An elegant, though not a richly coloured bird ; remarkable
for the bright red of the skin above the eyes, and the milk-
white collar at the back of the head. It is from New Hol-
land, and, like others of its tribe, derives its nourishment
chiefly from the nectar of flowers ; as more particularly men-
tioned in my first observations on this genus at pl. 43.

The figure is of the natural size: excepting the crown and
sides of the head (which are deep black), the whole upper
plumage is olive yellow : the shoulders, quills, and tail brown;
the two latter margined with olive, but the exterior quills
with white: the throat, breast, and collar round the nape pure
white ; skin of the eyebrows red.

The Lunated Creeper of Dr. Shaw (Le Fuscalben of Vieillot,
Certh, pl. 61. p. 122.) is, I apprehend, a distinct species.
It is described as being cinnamon brown above, with a bright
red spot of feathers behind the eye. Inthe temperate climate
of New Holland, that variation from the usual colouring of
particular species, so frequent in tropical birds, is seldom met
with; neither can these two birds be sexes of one species,
because Lewin, who wrote on the spot, particularly remarks
that the female of this is like the male; he further adds, it is
found near Paramatta, and the Hawkesbury river, in thick
bushy woods.

Lewin’s figure is so excellent, that I should not again have
represented this bird, had not the plate been prepared previ-
ous to the publication of hiswork. The outline figure of the
bill will show more clearly the uncommon length of the
nostrils, a character which is peculiar to this genus.

Pl. 129.

; eu
s
9
4) = é
- Some
: ; >a ean
ont ai
a‘ .
| ech
=
’ ;
o
’ I } ©
Z ®
. A ‘ 2 Oa ~*~) .
* bagh\.2
| ;
a : Oris .
eer

{
'
‘ t i 4 ne ’ j al ino ita om
i : ) Te io, dts 4) yrity
eer iy Aes ga, ign Qh
» shit ey op ake We Thee Bis ree a :
tions ern tab Teo peal edpoar fat vite vid :

, boy Rektbs nuasiehd Leer rH aos es

y R d { eas? Sa j , ;
Prerran | au i pp OS GRR im arm me eae ott eg
Pr Nap oi ait een | 0 Leva. ibd ie i

oes fi iin gl » wpa iw lace! Ms at Hide > qi Deaat yyaes '
AT ee s wilted) wth abiebangate, setae oes
/ | iid Lilt 1 fay ata el geld do canis
6) ee ER TF ons ie sae
+ a nae ‘ ‘4 nviah we AT 0D) Mcyae He 2 yal

hogpal etter: (ieee qe esa & ARTS
Wwe Aaans vi © pe apteiat anke = Y
“ek inv a deen AG ia ;

‘ patics re | a A ha
Ue he bbe eel pale pitetany Aon! site
; Vipedh VERO OE: #8 Ne ee? ee nha (vant dD me ¥ ci
anit ody Ee MRA, NE GIT 4) Oe ime ,
Pipi. vii { aye alae We VU, CRE yhaves

| a | " pear ij ee Np neh Pe ee

08

: ‘ouhe Hien 20 Lisesal { silt core iraieay mses 28 ~¥ a, ae ;
; joaeh: shades Sys |. perarl aril “en 7

onyinut sve ay ne
es ht i HOT Ani tay re elt (ie mt Ae cocnoileduc oat
| an? Hee BOC GOI % viral arrears wenisheey Hi 3
; OG > nil yo sf pctv € inivrals) aS
4 ,
:
z
]
7 i :
»
i

TROCHILUS latipennis,
Grey Sickle-winged Humming Bird,
Male and Female.

GENERIC Cuaracter.— See Pl. 82.

Speciric CHARACTER.

TL’. viridi-aureus, subtus canus ; remigum primorum (in maribus) scapts
dilatato-incurvatis ; rectricium pennis 4 mediis viridibus apice
nigro, lateralibus albis basi nigrd ; rostro viv recto.

Golden-green, beneath grey; greater quills (in the male) with
the shafts dilated and incurved. Four middle tail-feathers
green tipped with black, lateral feathers white with a black
base; bill nearly straight.

T. latipennis. Lath. In. Orn. 1. p. 310. Gen. Zool. 8. 1. 318.

T. campylopterus. Gm. Sys. Nat. 499. n. 65.

L’O. mouche a larges tuyaux. Vveillot Ois. D’or. p. 21. p. 59.

Broad-shafted H. Bird. Lath. Syn. v. 2. p. 765. Gen. Zool. 8. 318.

EE

Tur opinion I expressed on the unusual formation of the
wings in two species of Humming-birds, figured at pl. 83
and 107, appears to receive the fullest confirmation from the
birds here represented. One of these (pl. 131) is clearly
the T. latipennis, or Broad-shafted Humming-bird of authors ;
while the other presents not the slightest difference except
in the shafts of the quills, which, instead of being thickened
and dilated, are of the ordinary size.

Not having myself dissected these birds, I cannot de-
cidedly say they are male and female ; but I think no reason-
able doubt can remain that such is the fact, and that these
singular quill-feathers are characteristic only of the male sex.

Both the birds are represented the size of life, and may
be included in one description: the upper plumage obscure
blueish green, glossed with a coppery or golden tinge and
shaded with brown, the plumage beneath entirely grey;
ears and sides of the neck the same, the latter with some
spots of greenish. Tail large, even, and broad ; the two middle
feathers green, tipt (in the male) with blackish ; the next pair
black, with the base green, and the extreme points whitish ;
the remainder black, with their ends more or less white.
Wings violet brown, the shafts of the three outer quills, im
the male, dilated and compressed, but simple in the female.
Said to inhabit Cayenne. Although the bill of this species 1s
all but straight, it belongs naturally to the curved-bill division.

Pl. 130, 131.

non Pe
" - a

_ OY,

ainwayianl “ee annuee
RAN Winton va a

i sc}
Ph Lied
AML es Krew sade’

a:

vf } f * =
Ob VT aay AARP? ede ani) ry
b — Taal — ‘y ; .
= opal a akae rife? Y: ate" a3 a
afar |, torre jarkeseey rh pra ieten’s Lhe Pate” gy rest eee
eT eee a 2 a) —_=* ie Rh _
: o>) a her mde - ; muy oe Weg) are - ”
ie j . A 7 - ‘a
on fe ne tbl os) ar ‘ inet vy 2 ean Ane on
‘aviwll it. i ua. o£ eR sea oeftetel itil vie
Praha) Hay ifn Sanat | iMeaahat fiw haqae amy’ -
2% on ican? ghvaaie hed hae pon
alt | rae Cae
Lahite a via’, 3° ean sitagn :
- Oe o i..ieE pty? fy el gl W
' ei , 7. oe at til peed
EAA ;
af ‘i ‘ ‘ 1 yy al ii }
oA a4 ebt a
Ur t io i Dee
yh P , i) =’
iM
ca ae 4 i
aia wit 4 oc sap fey he eerie’
' i
de ay :
eam obs Cuts shaal
, 34 ‘arwiseee ih @r
baSeGens At Paootk han Me . Na Gane
Th ; pee A ah ae my ane
, he 7h big ; Af)
mbes , €4.%
! . *
|
igat ; :
}
, ' i oe ] ws
‘ .. 3 ‘ iif TL Ath on
rigiyy * ‘uy i wa tat
; ; } i | ra.
i F ps °0Ws Vhs
pe Picet oie iLioe) '

MACROGLOSSUM annulosum,
Upper figure.

GENERIC CHARACTER. — See Pl. 64.

Spreciric CHARACTER.
M. alis mgris, anticis fasciis 2 hyaline maculatis ornatis; abdominis
nigrt, segmento tertio niveo.
Wings black, anterior with two bands of hyaline spots; abdomen
black, the third segment snowy.

An elegant insect; so closely allied to Sphinx Tantalus,
Lin. (Drury, v. 1. pl. 26. f.5.) as to excite a doubt if it
should be considered as a separate species. Drury’s figure
and description, however, of that insect, induce me to think
they are most probably distinct. S. Tantalus is without the
two bands of hyaline spots, and is much smaller in size.

In this insect are three small, white, snowy dots, on the sides
of the lower segments of the abdomen, and the same beneath:
the anal segment is grey ; with the margin, and spot in the
middle, black. Inhabits Brazil, but is a rare insect.

MACROGLOSSUM fasciatum,

Lower figure.

M. alts ngricantibus, anticis fusco vartis, posticis strigd aurantiacd
centrali ornatis; thorace grised; corporis lateribus, maculis
aurantiacis, nigris et pallide fulvis nsignibus ; antennis gracilibus ;
unco producto.

Wings blackish, anterior variegated with brown, posterior with a
central orange stripe; thorax grey, sides of the body with
orange, black, and pale yellow spots; antennz slender, hook
lengthened.

Sphinx ceculus. Cramer, pl. 146. f. G.

Tuts is another Brazilian species, much more frequent than
the last. In Cramer, at pl. 146, ¢. is figured an insect under
the name of Ceculus, which no author appears to have quoted ;
but which (miserably inaccurate as it is), I have no doubt
the artist intended as a representation of this insect; par-
ticularly as Cramer’s description, though short, is very appli-
cable. The colours beneath are uniform dark brown; the
thorax, legs, and base of the wings, whitish ; near the exterior
margin of the superior wings is a small white dot, and two
others on each side of the middle segments of the body.
Pl. 132.

S «\ As t i
. oe 4 . a ui ¥ . As :
paenoane Hi! 1? Pe NhDOMIE we eae
. AWE VE pce aay 5 | *
a a rt =
o #
bd IE gh eek aay SV onanead
so NSO Wika 49 aise 0 TR
Riaritevivhey bait Hike awn Svilnyd: & aera shai ag athe
; nf rh el 7m ony vay eae Nee kein

resemeaabicty atone vittionit} we abdrged oes bw weve AR! sogld iegesi'W
: ; YS Werona bf ahr 208 “piled: 7 it Aosle

5 ; .
7 js F j A "

_(estnwest gala of Borthy yleagt va 5) Paonae ai Yosyalas ah
at ine op nis Ot we C6.N, A Na 2 as ort at
eUinygit a yar : penn ef Ben Ried FB ast Reet Nip eate it. ote Neda a
suid ot Ostet eu se Syoant Jot hy coral ry inj freee hte
with Te thi ai martin beat iy i aera %i et! re. joan Late aye

hive 2iod4 2 <8) re ie mtv teh ces:

; ysta Wt ed fists eb et VORA eit

wehrasdt go ate hy win ais or 10 ee 49 is ote: gars AUP
+ dean na wa han wsacnrite sas raae vawob ott lo 2
a) Mi dode Hing 0 gre odds ‘de : ai tasorges lada-olt a0)
P naitiaksch, awe ait bier | ,

Ret Gn wel fr chef’ LAT
+ nomen € f

aa Var. a
aie tdsnevand (ite ;MDOND ivi af
LYuS w vy ro ¥ ~ - t

-

% ; ? Tu ee ‘ ,
yaaa war Re a FP ae he) = aie wrG aie ey ral

cee cute) beceyios Th PNUD. ae heuer tes Wins
: ' : o>, oF < “| i
7 wiht Ty Uy Acer Ath | eah ye gba! : wethial iyi" ng Wy ue Wey i “ rer verity Aas ;
: as, ge oe Cant WY gry’

ae snbatlana grail diy, jotieg shi nvevain és | udaiabsete agri Wi
five #! od th te pete eet Fe He ot! DE PEA Lettie: » .
doc vevrele Gaetan, caioga wicilioy BLaty fwitr 2 syild- jagrtnny
| : feoathgers!
ak A st AT a ade pulse inka
nati sapupart sod dader, waivoe: Cts seed’ zi wine e a ante
gpalaithl. t verte fin’ tov fared ai air ip di} A) veut Mm ude rtent ass |
piano ee ct aus anys tang il wl oe om) Yu ont 0p
tduals id, ata D(a ae eet eai vist aan) doit, te
ay . 3 aia ai) hy dk ee eearTa Ty Re Iyshen wel dai ould
Magy wire @ 1 pede dead, TT Soothe tsities: ') an. elrelion
wela 4 VPN diel on ig va (bsand ar bina atk aldaes:
anttatan att Vion laid AB: aan eit) ta app! pit, ay | prioes
et tine Jol oth vue aight is ena ip alt 4n eine d
yiocd ech ba. agen ys | une cat at We Obie ton fie aioe
Bl

i

1383

)

THECLA Macaria,
Chesnut-spotted Hair-Streak.

GENERIC CHARACTER.——See PI. 69.

SpeciIFIC CHARACTER.

T. alis supra fuscis ; anticis ad basin ceruleis, infra ferrugineis,
punctis 2 mediis nigris ornatis ; posticis infra castaneis, anticé
pallidioribus, maculo nigro ad basin ornatis.

Wings above brown; anterior blue at the base, beneath ferrugi-
nous, with two central black spots; posterior beneath chesnut,
paler on the fore part, with a black spot near the base.

EEE

I wave selected this insect as one of the rarest among a
vast number of species of this elegant tribe, collected during
my travels in Brazil. Two specimens of the male, and one
of the female insect, were captured in the woods near
Pernambuco, in lat. 8° 12’ S.

The male insects, in the majority of the Hazr-Streaks,
have either a velvet or eye-like spot in the middle of the
anterior wings, adjoining their outer margin; these spots are
without lustre, and frequently appear as if caused by being
rubbed: the colours, likewise, on the upper surface of the
wings in the males, generally differ from those of the females.

Wings brown; anterior, with the half next the base blue ;
central spot blackish, enclosing an obscure eye-like spot
margined with grey, the pupil black with a white dot.
Posterior wings two-tailed; exterior tail very short, interior
lengthened ; anal angle two-lobed, margin whitish. Ante-
rior wings beneath, pale chesnut brown, tips chesnut ; in the
middle are two black dots, one of which is small; above
these are three others, which form a short transverse line
united to the margin. Posterior wings beneath, dark ches-
nut; with two central blackish dots in the middle; below
are two undulated brown lines, parallel to the posterior
margin; the anterior margin pale, with a large black dot
near the base; anal angle, clouded with grey and tipt with
a black spot: another spot is also at the base of the exterior
tail. In the female, all the wings above are brown, with a
pale blue base; but the under surface, except in being
paler, resembles that of the male.

Pl. 133:

Vo eres be OE ED ee

=< a rr. es. , Beeb
geo MO AOS |
Ayrntvio lowoagetiieesh lk eo UR

\
<< ee : : P
a I : sty

08 JM 968 —.nstanae nO 2A ‘ot ie

7 y : ~s 0 8 Fp ee

4 "ae hata tte — P re4

7 s” ¥ Fe : - aa a 7 o

: SEEKEMS YEELIMNE por = = el

peenerens wit ctivens seri’ Sie iyeteay Peel, wage vile nN ae

ven ott ventnes piled ark “ é whan very ye aio ¢ DS a ‘hk :
ie se ahve Yn Wee oles sil ern ae =) it.

es me
-iyondt on iis d « aang ail i it sald wir rain wend, avoile- + aya a
adamant y UG guvnef arte SUM ato P doale Ii ins” eyed’ diiw nad = 3 ~

eal aul os wale ey Die wl alt af es ae
— ee ee a bs aD te -
; | ity Aled

-

a

F Gadi, laste mi sovnan wtild bake ofan wat eu tae

hes’ aah Ver axl se Yau ath Janay”
lina fai alowed a,

4if) te ye

yar = Bf Sain lon : welts 1) ine
ear, Dea tasil ( mt oa Aa adil?

orl Ww ‘1

igot ehouwy oh) ut bottqas suri yee? olarast set { f
= 22h het EA rnardonmsi .

etiam <itt lo ytriptedt off 2 ah wisi obey BATE:

ail! to olin wili ai toga sd\l-org 14 2aeint ace mr a 7

918.210 4? 2 yi): bwin Yor aid Qealol ioe aa var = te

ytice of mit bite oe qth, failion. i

Yisit ad. u i hy pits om 1 a4) Mesqgn
sata Ad! ernie: alt: i bwldes
14

ott? To: sue) ue a! Pay 1 pall ao

: gitiad «

.

yan

suas

’ vale

“ull
an ot toted pesidaneasy Welag

‘tad ¢ wind auld’ she

ney

olny iweals Ay N3 arin old if tot rly vil CLONE is vLa tet tli tt peas Ba ade.
a5 old send agit 24a fad sat! Aver. . aor sine L tant destsgire 47

dus * erilil. Ve hoy veh 1 oy welathones sal inld Joga heey
séh “at iw ‘Bi ii tiie in fy wit" “ory aie hontyem i.

10 dati T wrrode Aid i il rik ; Pi ‘hall (earn) ay wom ingia0F

aiigh -.deititie olga Letilengt “oh lede ; bonoiligast

ma) airy Kenavdy agi hed Jeri, ete pehon rgd Bae, Wit. P
avon : Uetw al.tloniy Wu ane whet eat wath Ok 9 bhinr: |
sail. cervacrd role vn onewt dav aeiihy assl) out seat > 3
apes diel) wdonaad again wi ni my eniastars dt Wi hata _
welt sulubw off) at alin ii oe if lactis, fvert diiver { han a ‘7

1 goles aura] dy oO? holteey ose Thi Sufeinbow wh 5 .
fol dyatl sand i Min ln a Wohoias a? (ef ;
dw tan fuer: iy itty balinohi Sinn len 980d silt Ye90 ‘a
garages: wt) Yer oath salt, Te aly at Toga a afiann. shot? Moald .
A iiiw week sie ovoda sguive adt 1 “af em at of) al Mal

104

qn; hihi Ne Se,
j

ae
a0 ae
Siatt ie). Tits

if

= xh es
band jolts lexus ae th ae

faite eile gbe vic

ra 5. ace nticnyos ud oF 7
| ey, ied ot [
7 - _ = "1 _—_
: Bl YF O22 SARS — om
= VF caer al :
parte, SFE tl. cgeted?

*

Are Anite, Meal

my! Shao a ae, Cee '
OF by ws teru apeclat® ) 4 ; 7 | 7
73 Boh, %, Wied Ty

es ¢ mtb: vis 5 ii "|

STROMBUS exustus,
Burnt, or Purple-mouthed Strombus,—( Upper figure.)

Generic Cuaracter.— See Pl. 10.
SpeciFic CHARACTER.

S. testd nodosa; labio interiore albo, levi; labii exterioris inflext,
supra sinuati, intus purpureo-atri, striati; lobo basal edentulo.

Shell nodulous ; inner lip smooth, whitish; outer lip inflected, above
sinuated, within striated, blackish purple; basal lobe not
toothed.

Young. 8. papilio. Chem. x. t. 158. f. 1510, 11. Dillw. 661. 120. 11.

Adult. Strombus exustus. Humphreys in Mus. Cal. p. 38. n. 714.

S. lentiginosus. Martini, iii. t. 80. f. 825, 826. Gmelin. 3510.
(var. 3.) Dillwyn. 660.

Seta, t.02.f. 17.18.) Knorr..3: t. 26. fF. 2.3?

Srrcimens now before me prove that the S. papilio of
Chemnitz is a young shell of S. exrustus, a species named by
Mr. Humphreys in the Calonne Catalogue, and described
in his own manuscripts. In a young state, the aperture
is smooth and nearly white, but when full grown, the outer
lip is strongly striated, and the aperture reddish purple,
dark red, or reddish chesnut: the outer lip is but slightly
sinuated above, and the basal lobe never toothed, as in the
next species. Inhabits the island of Haynam, in the East
Indies, and is very rare.

STROMBUS lentiginosus,
Tuberculated Strombus,—( Lower figure.)

S. testd nodosd ; labii exterioris supra rotundati ad spiram annext,
profunde bilobati, margine crasso inflexo, sub-nodoso ; lobo basali
dentato ; aperturd levi.

Shell nodulous, outer lip above rounded, attached to the spire,
deeply bilobated, margin thick, inflexed, slightly nodulous ;
basal lobe toothed ; aperture smooth.

Young. Seba, t. 62. f. 37. 40. optime. Marti, 3. t. 89. f. 871.
t, Ol. f. 891.892? Lister, 893. 12?

Adult. S.lentiginosus. Gmelin, 3510. Dillwyn. 660. Martini, 3.
t. 81. f. 827, 828.

Seba, 62. f. 11. 30. (optime.) Lister, 861. 18. Gualt. 32. f. A.

Tuis common shell requires little description, and is only
introduced to contrast more fully the difference between
these two species: the upper part of the lip has two deep
notches, which form three prominent lobes; the basal
lobe is toothed, similar to the Pverocere: the aperture (in
those shells from the East Indies) is light pink side. A
large and fine variety comes from the Mauritia islands,
having the mouth within pale golden yellow.
P}. 134.

4 t t
tae vent

ih \ r 1 ;

oy Odes is, ie ae 7

Ay Nga hs WA.

; an scleral antares z ih J }
; ora race ’ Z
in ‘on ‘ fet Lay ah FP ers? 07) ts? at 4
i r 7 hi » a 1 4 . ; E ¢
a eA why a . ; i - Fy vit
vy
. : PT Rod fh de a
aah we >: Ta oes
: a ‘ 7
ad hoe "
a
bet
%
" d
~ ,
nce
U 1 7 q
: ‘ i a 7 a f rv
: N “By ‘ne Whee <
es ; \ NAG? sch ‘eta ‘a
; Vo (yee Ca. ft ue on) iad K ys —_——
be ; . tess
i f 71 ad =i5 od Cae ee a ae a ted, +i
: Y + yor - j at ee vaduce :
Wee Wr weit & « - ~—. |
i wr \ lat er BrP fee te =
ah righ ty Pb rely Sted rt A Abe 7 4 7
¥ i ’ a " an
- : : ; * fn ‘
? oe fa ‘ ‘ 1 a
+. a j - ae) A fale t F
“4 eae " 5 7 : ‘onal i?" + Lacabr'
j . 4 tse ot | rei :
an y ij. rea q cs ¥ ‘ { Ny A ‘ Af 1
in F 7 a 4 \. cb dnd OID rt hig
ae aTAD ony ; aif i yt - i oa ae
a a " hi ia y Ri { ee
vy tt: Af Ae | $i) rete Sr wee aM tae \ it
1, ea eset, EA ian! earn ree bre Le 1 heh 4 7
RY eet, 13 i] M 4 kik PRADO 4 he ~~ , ; ne » n 4 “y y 7
- fe oe ayy ’ of Pon ae Eyt F > ALM Abate: f F
, Vigo aR ae ee x . A ee? be: y
‘ ; ‘ : \. ov vt b. F baa ‘
1 iat Mit hed i ye y Vabee eee “ ; :
7 j f wos OMe te i ;
" ae ir ‘tyes Vly ake Oa ae sy aaa s 3 Fi
7 ; ; — 4 i en i -
’ , - ’ 7 : mn m 4h 7
i= m ¢ é » pon dia wl Se
7 i i / wi ey enn A ‘ Dh eae +1 & }
F Pel cee Sore en — : ‘ i vey ' 7 Ao a
Cetity ‘ i a , e) a - .
*) ie ee Ma a Wawa ae me. | a ek bo A MCN Fe
Vek CoA ‘ : ; 5
Es i a |
a i
Sle NL tacks AG Poa
Axiiie if Wee ere ) 1.4 ;
5 Li :
¥ ; i i a i
z \ Cie us A ‘gat h P Q
ae? a)! Yi a ah $e) 7
. ua t
: &
© ee | \ Ae jet
ey ore a
7 y i
" Lae ae pi ’ ~
‘e i on rs ¥
i i * : 7
: i ri
, +:
a i ty 7 ty .
width eho \ errs n ; } ; Arr
y Y als ; ; | © Bylo. 42 Dele
keeles 4 jis hy } : ;
y ‘ \ . . (*
; i ‘ ; o 1 He Mil | Oa ieee
aia ray ] | j 4 y 5 . iat, '
Sie Rody Patt MNT)
4 ’ i s 1
to Sc eptre yt ar ‘Whe FCG ee Og a
To LA Are : |
: nig ae : - 7 a ‘
‘ - wit hte i Dat a { ee , rm, resi ai Pg fi be een
Pt I 2A y . " Taf af bie f 3 i‘.
‘ 7 ae f 5 ver wil) “fee agaal
al risa Pas rh} pee 5 \ >= J wt? a e
« 5 . ¥ }
Lat ean da) CIAO ae asewt
4 oa ty - . é ait i 7 im .
fe ANS
. +)
‘

te As,

f ives 0?
y 4 a

.
Fs _
D

ne

4«

a
a mr ct “ ee ft
- r

| Cas
Ca SATINE Wan ie
3

5 Sn we , =
ar bi jp ime (ea Bays 20. Shea sag

o4

aieiented wcieada of ts rk
4 ‘a bl , ” : ;
hile Sa wer

re. SAY r40ing ire :

es 8 . ;
S| ict this eutorcof iis yar ete

eeantes dvi: ‘i Meise. sheivie r : t b

5 emhy Ae of He 5 - et \ rt
maiks)iy rhe vat- i an AY + 6 % :
; Per hdets. feed. ha gcenel et

res of tke Te) choi a athe

a uvually MMNA Hh Hk ye cli
: Zui the preety pial Y
Sthar of obs with, ify

bee. vig hiita thy «. A coat

STROMBUS tricornis,
Horned Strombus.

GENERIC CHaRACTER.—See Pl. 10.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

S. testd ponderosa, nodis longitudinaliter compressis armaté ; lalio ex-
tertore inflero, margine crasso, supra attenuato et ultra spiram
producto ; canalt truncato.

Shell ponderous, with longitudinally compressed nodules ; outer lip
inflexed, the margin thick, above attenuated and produced
beyond the spire; channel truncated.

In young stages of growth.

Seba, pl. 62. f. 36,10. Martini 3. tab.91. f. 890. tab. 85. f. 847.

Var. A. Shell whitish, outer lip much produced. Upper figure.
Martini, vol. 3. tab. 84. f. 844, 845. Sw. Ex. Conch. part 4.

Var. B. Shell varied with chesnut, outer lip shorter. Lower figure.
Ency. Méth. t.408. f. 1.¢. 409. f.2. Martini, 3. tab. 84. f. 843.
Lister, 871. f. 25. 873. f. 29.

Sem oe a SS ae

Marvin: was the first conchological writer who separated
this species from the Strombus Gallus of Linneeus ; under
which name are included three shells, so remarkably different
from each other, that they hardly possess a single character
in common.

The original name of Linneus I have retained to that
species figured by Seba, tab. 62. fig. 1 and 2, and by myself
in Exotic Conchology, Part 4.

Strombus tricornis, although figured, has never yet, I
believe, been defined.

Two varieties of this shell are met with; one having the
attenuated process of the lip much produced, the margins
folded inward, and the tip somewhat spatulate, or spoon-
shaped : the colour of this variety is generally white, slightly
varigated with brown stripes or irregular spots. A very
fine specimen of this variety, having these characters re-
markably developed, is in my own cabinet, and is figured in
Exotic Conchology, part 4. The second variety has the
process of the lip shorter, and the margins not folded; the
colour usually brownish, richly clouded and variegated with
chesnut; the aperture within is tinged with pale red or rosy ;
but that of the other variety is pure white. I believe this
species inhabits the coasts of America; it is a heavy shell,
and sometimes measures seven inches in extreme length.

Pl, 135.

Re
-
h >... eee é\ “we
a py ity .
‘ : Tse eed j r i ek
mE e
: ‘i i 4
+ Spel i;
‘ i=? 7
3
: Pi t
= mee a aE ly RD mee R
A
: “
it / ‘ é ere eon ee
7 ED ‘ ea ’ ;
. ¥ -
: ° . =
. . 2.) -
sa fi, > a + i 7
‘ an Aas . .
; ati hin ate .
F bh be . i tae 2 Das A teat Lets oe BRR yah t. ’
E 1 vt vif idee E 3
; mY ied ae aad ey
i 4. a i } Ph a } ,
x avyt 7% ie ay
y , : Oy ST Wy ROS
pet). tre ae ye | ;
"4 } | dp
5 ; .
i? ‘ mes. ree 4 "hd ervehey chants
Fae hg oe Le Te . i ee it
c . f 7 . Pye eR OTe
any fee a violin A eo ‘ots :
i ; ae hs 7 . |
‘a Lamon i J : ; f 7 : - me forse aered
/ Ap: te
; : a. “oh “GAS oy 1 ;
| 7 2 : ay. a
: : . } ad me l . it . 3
wi ye eae lk ey : ides ‘ Ay cv wit, © ae ( webrte,
? _ sé by af ee Oe =
‘ ; - -_ f =
~ . ; i se | Lint AG ei hind:
* eat, )
a id oan Li 7 a) A : im Ly
md |) mG AM ;
‘ . , ;
but f 4 : ay
‘ \ y at a 3 i oyyt if Vesey er uy tle «4 je
“ Pi Can i) wht y u . in a a
y i : Y 13 4 5 LiF Sosy VAN ee eee ”
ten tee, ges ah yaa sys re . 4 = “ , bs he
' 4 r¥ y+ , ' ev a
7 “aa Tati v- ae: a
; 4 a 1 - / ¥

yen Us 7 } ee , ind ! Pr
" * q wi aT m ve Paar r ‘ cows. o rrr. <Het -
=p a8 f eid: |! oe mee 1 a, i ve Li ; G rt ae: 2 os
7 : ; ; 7 ‘ : “Pave Plan F
% = ¥ tye ite ic ' Le % ly eral ik >-9ite A aay
Wyati) TULLE Ae? o mete. ‘seats ale
? y f F a eee Pere i
issosris yi Aye A aie ot Py 4
Vy) 7 . f 4
j 4
tab 64) eee \
AS 1ee CRF, Soret x i ; mb i
. d Pb f
pra pay J Le oul beaks t's bd rn 7
he Siete ith
! t Witace: =.
s ec 4, i - i Pr } \
f > : F uk i ;
. ee FY Sheet
i onl
i } vs « 40
oi | Ais 448
f rh tM j it 27 apa P
A ft ey Oped Sh) ts 1h Meas
i ; : : ar hehloi
° ml < ma) a Ae ac ; 4
j + poaqgnas
Fy iy \ 49) (i ‘TiAl :
j rt tet AR
“are 7 ~ elle tie,

$Y (td pee ‘by, 2M sv Oe (a Fines Ahh al Tite aa? | pa

vigtrdle we buku Jd Oo. Gye: NE es Dols t Ohh V Rana
{32 U { } hi Ty ; a ee Y, : Mf rf
Te 5 20 =i be, tbo

an ; : 4 ' . 1914 ey"id ‘ g
ut : hoe sober Fy aula ioe on S051 ae

a | Ayeotd. vikaaate sHOTos
a ao } tie ; ee i i

. ‘ i - y 7‘ . %
atl reas (Libya aCe ois m2
ni 7 oa) tr i ‘4 Laat roi , ae re Jane tud
5 a. eho “| j To fy Yo° atop fi] <Uueaee astsoqe
om wal , , arti pays Taina eo emcee bar

>, ~ eel a

136

AMPULLARIA crassa,

Thick Apple Snail,
Upper and lower figures.

GENERIC CHARACTER. — See PI. 103.

Spreciric CHARACTER.

A, testa globosd, lavi, (sub epidermide) albd, fasctis fuscis ornatd ;
spire levate apice obtuso; aperture margine albo, crasso ;
umbilico caret.

Shell globose, smooth, beneath the epidermis white with brown
bands ; spire elevated, tip obtuse; margin of the aperture thick,
white; umbilicus none.

Martini 9. t. 128. £ 1135.

A pistiner species, well characterised by the absence of
the umbilicus, the situation of which is indicated only by a
slight depression: the margin of the aperture all round is
thickened, and white; but, from no groove being discernible,
I suspect the operculum may be horny. The only specimen I
have, is divested of the epidermis; it is obviously an old
shell; and appears to agree with the figure of Martini,
also taken from an uncoated specimen.

nr a

AMPULLARIA oblonga,
Oblong Apple Snail,—( Middle figures.)

A. testd oblongd, levi, tenui, fuscd; spird levatd, crassd, obtusd ;
aperture elongate basi contractd ; umbilico vix obsoleto.

Shell oblong, smooth, thin, brown; spire elevated, thick, obtuse;
aperture lengthened, base contracted; umbilicus nearly obsolete.

A rare and undescribed shell, presenting a singular devia-
tion from the general globose form of the Ampullarie. The
inner lip is wanting on the upper part of the aperture, and on
the lower is thin, white, and reflected over the umbilicus,
which is nearly obsolete.

Both these shells were in the late Mrs. Bligh’s collection,
without any habitat being affixed to them.

Pl. 136.

2 aide legen ain ae
. : 7 SS ; = “a ape a

~ = Wate ep ae ee
aeenTn hd if ADE EMR 7 4 |
Mi REVIT f, : Li ua hy cA

yea SRA "5 oN Kay Ny + i

ri <iatailtatien ; A
\ ‘ i Ee
Gf fat serra een yo Path ee .*,
ame eee ant —
gine) ph Lee Leh a ae ,
= a as
Jar ~) yes | iyoas Hay iyi Wea | 4 7 Of P ¢ PONS hheay ah "
. ’ fe ~~ ws y 5 ; 7
; A i PN roan” ,
hava JOtls eeeaiee CP Sone ma 1 SSS

oe ony

ial Ati Pat ie zupretin ruth odin’ Villas yogi IBA, ' ;
Pid rai i % qiye ha ge Tih Hahewaly a: nga > shana coe an
| ora 2a lider a

reas

>< : P

Shivg me: it, Sead 7

0s mane

wos ach ee i aden Dyson yids VA yy | sagt aah, rid ee i
vii ric} be sifaael i Gee! eee EQ jinyinisileee Ze pryitiel vs x |
uy to hey Peeten gets Dor ake ir bie ett Co a fe) : 7
oy wicds vestige ov Qed anemia dle? get > SP eta aea tea ag

1 Perth ire ae nae ats aiff redefine ie
| ie) <) Rae iba ls

Pe, i) eid GS Me ATG Oe eggs ;
| forniosye Renae moe a

“ =

aL SRM tlm ctrse mek: ’
evo ree TUG) AAS LG mee :
Cesta ANE Vand ion ey ~—
« wead eS tbe’ Rigs 5; SEY | ibys ww nga sad a
: SY bie al Oe ae ay ART (etn neha Wal LVN! - 3
srantda “Woidt .habey At viqe fale, pe oe Glan aN

AG ath VIVE @ euath Ph: batts hi punted Senedigtssnirhaq a’

§

HV ots oa i a per stg fade b :
ait vaty\weml sdb ts Wet Hasodo!s (Riad .
eo bing ruth DL od¥? tO Home Tagg aff wo ert aie jbase
atollideat) of ovo bSeORe beet inl; aid al Ro!
: es rs: Fs fadieed a
iloftnsion ody alt aint ad ai 44yn Bide send
isd of Seeiie shige soi <i tc

PAPILIO Polybius.

GENERIC CHARACTER.—See Pl. 92.

SpeciFic CHARACTER.

P. alis nigris ; anticis maculo albo centrali ; posticis dentato-caudatis
maculo rubro centrali nervis diviso ; abdomine strigd lateral ;
thorace punctis flavis subtis, ornatis.

P. (Tr. caud.) wings black; anterior with a central spot of white ;
posterior dentated and tailed, with a central red spot, divided

by the nerves; stripe on each side the abdomen and spots on
the thorax beneath, yellow.

ee pe

A insect neither described nor figured by any author. To
my liberal friend, Dr. Langsdorff, I am indebted for the two
specimens in my own cabinet, collected by himself in the
interior of Minas Geraes, or the Diamond district of Brazil.
I am not aware of the insect having been found in any other
part of that vast country.

An unusual character is presented in this species, alone
sufficient to distinguish it from any other contained in
the division to which it belongs. This consists in the tho-
rax beneath being spotted with yellow, and the body, on
each side of the under surface, having a narrow yellow
stripe; the basal margin of the inferior wings is also yellow.
Strictly speaking, these yellow spots would remove it from
the section T’rojanz, but it would then be improperly separated
from P. Lysithous, Agavus, and others to which it is, in every

respect, closely allied.
Pl. 137.

oo ae - SR th
ols ; uy ; Ss 2 Ba)
~ ; : é P= 7a gil afl
J fag :
: vi : re VY i i =e
: : ; / , f :
- a 4 :
ee : LYASE
aaniadanel
j ; Ay inal
o ose ‘ ‘ ¢ r hi pt el 7
-
ee wal Wa see AG eee
‘ ‘ vit. Gy like: icc cae
3 as $i ase & » eae
- a
asitw) ~ aaa hs ‘i ait byizi ; aaa a
baisiveal ; , i} mM oe whys abs fh ass? nes Ac.
, ee Oa p ie La ae “isha nerias
a OV bees + 5 nent
= ; ee re 4 é
plajeaalah, Lanai i;
; ee er
(1 ie Sa jo ateuaby
it billet ieee Mis aie
i We 4 Gi Sell whl VA cat}
. at iain aiee in }
‘ 40)9 a Liat Perr me 68 Bee nu: :
pee) R dans be mir tie ie ts oF i
fe att), a ep iS Paani sy yisivge eal “iy isi}
De A) CT I reeerisy ynsl) Cigna
« f. “ye
ee ot hie” a a, afl oialsis Pe ea
al! Si (Otel » havik oid ee
matt ic 8 <. ft Lngore uty, eS Auk Arie,
Traurnas, al eo ae pt healt 4 aay “I al yas tk
( wy a ee mae i hay r i sgl ee?
| a i ydlideloan is
a a ia ia
ae
we oa .
y
i oa 5
a

he

a
2
4 to

“

7 7 =
; ‘ gy ma! Sam od

MALURUS garrulus,
Noisy Soft-tail Warbler.

Generic CHARACTER.

Rostrum validius, breve, totum valde compressum, altius quam latius,
culmine prominente plumas frontales dividente et ad apicem ali«
quando emarginatum, vix incurco. Nares basales membrané tecte,
apertura laterali. Ale brevissime, rotundate, remigum 3 primo-
rum longitudine proximorum 4 longitudinem superante. Cauda
plerumque longa, cuneata, radiis mollibus, decompositis. Pedes
validi, digito exteriore ad digiti medit basin annexo. Hallux validus.

Ob. Rostri basi vibrissis setacets sparsis instructd, ‘Tem.

Bill rather strong, short, much compressed its whole length, higher
than broad, the ridge prominent, dividing the frontal feathers,
and bent-at the tip, which is sometimes notched. Nostrils
basal, covered by a membrane, the aperture lateral. Wings
very short, rounded, the three first quills shorter than the four
next. Tail generally long, cuneated, the radii soft and decom-
posed. Legs strong; the outer toe connected to the base of
the middle toe. Hind claw strong.

Ob. Base of the bill with setaceous hairs. T'emminck.

Generic Types—Turdus brachypterus. Lath. Le Flateur. Vail. Ois.
d’ Af. 3. pl. 112. f.2. LeCapolier. Do. pi. 129. pl. 130. f 1.

Speciric CHARACTER. |
M. fuscus, infra albescentibus; plumis frontalibus rigidis, acumiatis,
rufis; strigis ante et pone oculos albescentibus ; caudd mediocri,
rotundaté.
M. brown, beneath whitish, feathers on the front of the head rigid,
pointed, and rufous; lines before and behind the eye whitish :
tail moderate, rounded.

EE

Tue colours of this bird are altogether plain; but it is re-

markable for its very singular nest, which is so large, as to

form a feature in the woodland scenery of Bahia, the only

part of Brazil where I observed it: the nest is built in low
Pl. 138.

trees, formed externally of dried sticks, without any neatness,
and is usually three or four feet long, resembling at a distance
a thick twist of bean stalks thrown in the branches by acci-
dent: sometimes two of these nests appear as if joined toge-
ther, and there is an opening on the side, besides one at the
top. The sexes are generally seen near the nest, uttering
a shrill, incessant, monotonous chirp, particularly in . the
morning and evening. I never could bring myself to tear
one of their nests to pieces, merely to see its construction.

All the birds of this genus are stated by Professor 'Fem-
minck to be natives either of the old world, or of the southern
hemisphere ; but the observations I have made, lead me to
think otherwise. Two of the generic types M. Temminck has
given, are the same as those I have selected; these birds
are now before me; the other (Le Capolier,) is so like
the species here figured, that (judging from Le Vaillant’s
plate) they might easily pass for the same bird. Two other
species, with characters perfectly resembling M. garrulus, are
likewise found in Brazil.

From a consideration, therefore, of the affinities and habits
of these birds, I conceive they may constitute a very natural
genus, closely allied to Sylvia, having very compressed bills,
short wings, russet coloured plumage, with soft and generally
long tails, and building rather Jarge and cylindrical nests,
On the other hand, if the whole of the birds mentioned by
P. Temminck are retained in the genus, I apprehend it will
become entirely artificial ; inasmuch as it will include not only
the birds above mentioned, but the Motacilla superba, and a
large non-descript bird from New Holland, the size of a thrush,
which in habit, though not in characters, resembles a shrike.
_ M. Vieillot first proposed this genus, but his definition is
so short and obscure, that little can be gained from it.

The slight sketch in the distance, introduced in the plate,
will give some idea of the singular nest of this bird.

oe ili sei MW i nse Bed Le Pi “es F
FAR al M2 7 Verte ba
ae sdf ae Pe he ay ret til
mE eh tet ES fh SN Sel AGW) Malu |
, wobletd jOhis ony A) WEN fe Fabel? frie
nonce SASH: rows lylasctiry tas sage ae!
yes eto hingoms “Niessen gy) ||) Ge 4
oo Dhiw taveu I wrtctvs Lan ein
2 ese. Vari Orda OF o! la wi jo
Leahata pur pesisse -4i 1) Le leat old LA
Bee Bhat, wo v teil tie gar Vibes ppd et Dorin
S¥at tT -anotgeeade oh) bid ca doaims
Caen 1: ail-3e owl seaniad dfrd
“oypst } Svarte “SG JON WAS @ry warty
naan eile Wt i wig mobat wig mi
murat bees Sui} wearivol went « =) sd
cit RSG vig 0 bali
paresouh reg ih Sitadits Ri Y Gb ony
i SERB PRN G11, SNitrKs) Wiles eid’
Bi Oe arene Winters eur!
iD. deers “evil wronos ahi nl se
osbabied %) fisii ify lee! Pasir;
fy Latina shits i sae gee Mi vil
Flag niblend Nid be Ss0tta|
Te Gt taake a 5 wt
ppt fag djaineneY
tb latoHiste qh Aus ainesne!
mati nd ,bestonirout svude heal w.t3
bes af pesih Wil bs Vaesbvabil apa
Sor tu dooids owlad 0) dude
PRN Beemprny fend dottia:'¥ TF
Hels futons bus sede 2:
bal xi diprde Kiyile ca?

a SOPs asbi ance via Wp

nf. eat Seine 4 ee atl si hy
on hi he = Wale? tix eGet <
Pllc vy ee or Satriiat TAY
‘Kenley OH Theis tower hyy yirts <2
Ten) te Po itpinlkee wh v “

‘aati é e*, ar k ye
Baye

SYLVIA _ plumbea,
Grey-backed Warbler.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Rostra rect2, tenuis, bas? altiore quam latiore, mandibuld superiori ali
quando emarginatd, inferiori recta. Nares basales, laterales,
membrand partim tecta. Crura longiora digito medio, qui digito
exteriori ad basin annectitur. Ungue posteriore mediocri, digito
postertore breviore et arcuato. Remigum pinnd primd brevissimd
aliquando caret. Tectrices remigibus multo breviores. Temm.

Bill straight, slender, base higher than broad; superior mandible
sometimes notched, the inferior straight. Nostrils basal, late-
ral, partly covered by a membrane. Legs longer than the
middle toe, which is united to the exterior toe at the base ;
hinder claw moderate, shorter than the toe, and curved. Wings;
the first quill very short, or wanting, greater covers much
shorter than the quills. Temminck.

Generic 'T'ypes—Turdus arundinaceus. Lath. Sylvia locustella. Lus-
cinta. Trochilus, Regulus. (‘Temminck.)

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
S. ceruleo-grisea, nfra aurea ; dorso olivaceo ; tectricium apicibus albis.
Blue grey, beneath golden yellow; back olive ; wing-covers tipt
with white.

SEE

Tuers is an elegance of shape, anda harmony of colouring,
in the Warblers, that render these delicate little birds very
interesting. The species are exceedingly numerous, and are
spread over most parts of the world; several abound in our
own woods and hedges, and the “ sacred bird” of our child-
hood, the Robin Redbreast, is among the number. That now
before us is a native of Brazil, from whence it was received by
Mr. Leadbeater; I never met with it myself. The first quill
feather is hardly shorter than the three next, which are all of
equal length ; the tail-feathers are even, and rather pointed ;
their colour black, margined with grey ; the two outer with a
white spot on the inner web; the under wing and tail-covers
white.

[ have made no ‘material alteration in Prof. Temminck’s
definition of this overgrown genus, being convinced it might
lead to confusion, while the generality of the birds compos-
ing it remain so little known.

Blsas9s

‘ : 1 ‘
k mee WAS Then aa e, y
* PF PARI oe oe
i iA ahd “3 a
VOASAD) FAM yVeshiin tiv} -42GN5 aa} >>.t meh
d Ts Ae BAe cet oy évbi ct thal Vee
wv. «Pitot COL WSLAS SSMS ORY
: , SAMUS ME TEMETO Mie et ow 4
7 } wd thy ntzand Yah rare
§ yi Soran aie wom
% \ San, onamnigths
i ; ee i el
D ae duid gaad olunble bse flit
an, ¥ Pe dina Sortie rt
w3ia 7Oretal cas Den siGd) sen aoe ie
phase rd betevea tite Qiet
ii o3 hebni a ist “as ol bikers
+ ’
if : wand ashiode simoabdas anlarahatd | !
' i oie) wie - Hip souk? seh
ty ‘ y . ae - ah
Awa’ ekhanes ais aad zsttowe ; -
t With) kebia Mm SUE Ob TY 1, coy } OTE Ie }.
PHOTOS 2) WR AeA b AAS'
- (
I bie eae fe a | i
VMeotin OF ails. avareeeyy ae iad hae es Le
OT ratlev aSbivs head: . yorg oe
atti Mew
ane —
} we. 7 ul
Pah ye SUS to oon BYzoh Oe oe a ee

igniiah seads. webhost daht wroldwe?e rier Tie AS

botind ” gilt ban woabsstt Uti ahouw ee ce

af

soul oda asd) iotiode vibred aciediast

aol 4d ALD) (IN OTOTIYY walt te soiiaiseb aT

ty ATW Ee 5

fhosors ay siNgage 3 oA uititeotatin
ne leon Taro Dwseige,
il) guamk 2idnsord {ho aidod adi hood .
roitw dro dish te avi SEF il AL oF STORER)
oar J: Hii tom tevea Lb: talasdisak aM

179 91n wiediaet-liel ody f dyadal laups
ware ent Aosid ss0lay eds
Wy Itsy ag tone eae
; » atid
wuilntetle ineetsurton sbear aya I

VIR ISChas my alicle ‘aoa Os hart
awoud SN! o+ cine Hi gat
ofr 2

2b

MO.

=» ~_

- DEF Soe! bre oa
“ft o,f a Ne j
; Mma> at cud it's pat ia

Bhtpish thse rts lini ly .

.- ry
te avoid wha wi

TROGLODYTES rectirostris,
Straight-billed Wren.

Troglodytes. Ray. Cuvier. Vieillot. Sylvia. Latham. Temminck.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Rostrum curvatum, rard rectum, lateribus compressis ; apice vix emar-
inato. Nares basales. Ala brevissime, rotundate, remigum
§& ’ ’ Sum
majorum 3 exteriorum longitudine quarte longitudinem superante,
ceteris paribus et vix remigibus minoribus longioribus. Rectrices
breves, fasciculate, erecta. Hallux digito medio brevior. Plume

2 ?

fusce.

Bill curved; rarely straight, the sides compressed, the tip slightly
notched. Nostrils basal. Wings remarkably short, rounded,
the three exterior greater quills shorter than the fourth; the

remainder of equal length, and hardly longer than the lesser
quills. Tail-feathers weak, short, fasciculated, and generally

carried erect. Hind toe shorter than the middle toe. Plumage
brown.

Generic Types Motacille troglodytes et furva. Gm. Certhie famili-
aris, palustris, et Caroliniana.. Wilson, Am. Orn.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

T. fuscus, jugulo pectoreque pallidioribus ; mento nigricante ; corpore
medio niveo; rectricibus angustis, nigris; mandibule superiore
apice adunco.

Brown; throat and breast paler ; chin blackish, middle of the body

snowy, feathers of the tail black and narrow; tip of the upper
mandible hooked.

Tus singular little bird agrees more in its general charac-
ter with Troglodytes, than with any other established genus ;
yet with this its similitude is but slight. Anxious, nevertheless,
to avoid what might hereafter prove an unnecessary innova-

tion, I have placed it with the Wrens, under the distinguish-
Pl. 140.

ing name of rectirostris ; although I am more inclined to think
it constitutes a distinct genus.

Troglodytis, originally instituted as a genus by our illus-
trious countryman Ray, has been adopted both by M.M.
Cuvier and Vieillot. Professor Temminck, on the contrary,
has included it with Sylvia; an immense genus, already bur-
thened with more species than are rightly understood, or that
really belong to it.

Figure the natural size. Bill straight, triangular at the
base, the sides compressed, tip of the upper mandible bent
down and notched ; nostrils large, lengthened, covered by a
membrane, which (except at the base,) is naked; the aper-
ture terminal, near the edge of the bill, narrow, and oblong:
the feathers on the rump and flanks remarkably long; the
three fore toes slender, and all connected at their base as far
as the first joint: tail even, and longer than the generality of
Wrens, the feathers very narrow, weak, and deep black.
Plumage above light or reddish brown; sides of the head,
neck, breast, and body, the same, but tinged with fulvous ;
the chin and upper part of the ee blackish, but the
margin of the feathers partly white : lower part of the throat
and breast dusky: middle of the body pure white; under wing
covers, inside margin of the quills, and edge of the shoulders,
white.

Mr. Leadbeater favoured me with this bird, which he re-
ceived from Brazil.

The comparative length of the bill in this genus, (leaving
the present bird out of consideration,) offers no generic dis-
tinction, because it varies greatly in different species. Some
of those found in Brazil have the bill nearly double the length
of the common European Wren.

, ye )
7

Ue
a= A
a ab

: he Metis

144
i)

PSITTACUS chryseiirus,
Golden-tailed Parrot.

GENERIC CHARACTER.—See PI. 1.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

P. mtidée viridis; fronte genisque fulvo colore tinctis; rectricum
brevium, parium, pennis mediis viridibus, ceteris aureis, omnium
apicibus nigris.

Shining green; front and sides of the head tinged with fulvous ;
tail short, even, tipt with black, the two middle feathers green,
the rest golden.

a

1 was fortunate in procuring both sexes of this very rare
bird in the vicinity of Pernambuco, being the only indi-
viduals I ever met with in Brazil: they appeared as if tired
from a long flight, which led me to suppose they had
migrated from the interior towards the coast. I do not
find the species noticed by any writer, nor have I seen it in
any collection.

The total length is six inches and a half ; the plumage
generally of a rich emerald green, rather obscure on the top
and sides of the head, but very bright on the back and rump,
where it is tinged with blue; the feathers round the base of
the bill, front, and sides of the head, are tinged with buff
colour; the scapulary feathers (protecting the base of the
wings and lesser quills) are chocolate brown, the quills
themselves black, margined externally with green and
internally with olive. The most beautiful part of the bird
is the tail, which is short and even, each feather having the
tips margined by a narrow line of black, the middle pair
being green, and all the rest of a rich golden yellow colour;
the under plumage and wing covers are nearly of as deep a
green as the wings, but on the flanks there is a tinge of

olive.
Pl. 141.

142

NECTARINIA flaveola, zar.
Yellow-bellied Nectarinia.

GENERIC CHARACTER. — See Pl. 117.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

N. nigricans, infra flava ; mento, superciliis rectriciumque trium exte-
rearum apicibus, albis ; fascid uropygiali oltcaced.

Blackish brown; beneath yellow; chin, eyebrows, and tips of the
three outer tail-feathers white; band on the rump olive.

Certhia flaveola. Gmelin, 479. Lath. Ind. Orn. 0. 1. p. 297. Gen.
Zool, v. 8. p. 248. Turton, p. 297.

Certhia, No. 33. Brisson. Orn. v. 6. App. p. 117. Syn. 2. p. 19.

Black and yellow Creeper. Edwards, pl. 122. pl. 362. Lath. Syn.
v. 2. p. 737. Gen. Zool. v. 8. p. 248. Turton. p. 297.

Le Guit-Guit Sucrier. Vell. Ors. Dor. Certh. pl. 51. p. 102.

‘Luts pretty little bird, under different varieties of plumage,
appears to be scattered over the greatest part of tropical
America, and is one of the most common of its tribe. The
best, and indeed the only detailed account of its economy,
is given by M. Vieillot; who remarks, that its nest is sus-.
pended on the tops of those tall climbing plants, which, in
those countries, form a matting over the most lofty trees:
the entrance to the nest is at the bottom; the interior is
divided into two compartments, in one of which only the
young are contained. It feeds both on small insects, and
the nectar of flowers. All the above synonyms refer to the
different varieties authors have enumerated of this species.
Most of these have a white spot at the base of the exterior
quills; others vary in having the throat entirely black; and
some again have a yellow rump; but none of these agree with
the variety here figured, which I believe came from Trinidad.
Probably a more perfect knowledge of these supposed varie-
ties will show they contain two or three distinct species.

Notwithstanding the shortness of the bill, this is a decided
Nectarinia, according to a natural, but not an artificial arrange-
ment. It forms, in some degree, a passage from the shining
coloured Nectarinie of America, to the short-billed Mell-
phage of the southern hemisphere. On a future occasion,
[ shall offer more detailed observations on the genus Diceum
of Cuvier.

The figure is the size of life ; and, with the specific charac-
ter, renders a further description unnecessary.

Pi. 142.

OD é
r *
eee
vt -
ah,
- .
Sone
Sie
fom
a ;
ve aa
ae
ed ‘
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‘

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SA

142

‘lis tod Bs -t pani y a te a *, a *

“ta =

oe Mb ee’ tip ales
i lad a ae -

fs

1

AMPULLARTIA sordida,
Brown Apple Snail, f.1. 2.

GENERIC CHARACTER. —See Pl. 103.

Spectric CHARACTER.

A. testé globosd, ferrugined, lineis transversis subcarinatis instructé
aperture margine tenu ; umbilico magno ; operculo corneo?

Shell globose, ferruginous, with obsolete transverse subcarinated
lines; margin of the aperture thin; umbilicus large; operculum
horny ?

Tue only species of Ampullaria with which this may be
confounded is A. fasciata, p. 103, in comparison with which
it is a more globose shell, the aperture narrower, and the
spire more obtuse; the umbilicus is larger, round, and not
contracted; the suture is not sunk, the shell is not banded
with coloured lines, nor is the surface smooth; on the con-
trary, it is marked with transverse, obscurely carinated lines ;
while the shell is uniform brown, the aperture within is white,
margined with brown.

EE

AMPULLARIA puncticulata,
Aa Oval, punctured Apple Snail, f. 3. 4.

A. testa ovatd, subtilissimé punctatd ; spird obtusd ; labit exterioris
margine, interiorisque basi rufis, incrassatis ; operculo corneo?
Shell oval, minutely punctured, spire obtuse; margin of the ex-

terior lip within, and base of the inner lip thick and rufous ;
operculum horny ?

‘Puis and A. oblonga are the only species I am yet ac-
quainted with, whose form is not globose. It never grows
to a size much larger than the figure; the whole shell is
marked by fine longitudinal strie, and transverse lines of
minute dots, discernible only by the aid of a common
magnifier; the aperture within is brownish flesh-colour ;
the margin is strong and reddish, and, within that of the
outer lip, is a thickened rim; which, should the operculum
be testaceous, may supply the place of the groove for its
reception observable in 4. globosa and corrugata. The

localities of both these species are unknown to me,
Fl, 143.

7 ~~ — iia iy “5 '0e) ‘ r :
zs . Le fog 1) rs
i ; - ; a 7 v4 em *
Pee ae] . 7 af a 7
; ae Fg
i a Es is
Ante & vigoh yee ae te
Pee neo
vvgae ney x
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, : y rer a
ee Taree
: . *
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aan : oft & rons ay kh ant _ ‘Awe eve Sn
a4 ; ‘ Vea Wet) a Le : Tues Sida ht 5
Kylee oS Pham
7 e rh
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.
\
= rt
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, : al mi ;
ae 7 inh
: - Bik: (ag aah id
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; aha _ re #
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ae da ua heen
: 4 ft re Ps ae
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.
. : |

EBURNA Valentiana,

Arabian Hburna.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Testa turrita, levis, nitida, umbilicata, basi truncatd, emarginatd.
Aperture angulus superior interne canaliculatus. Animal
marinum.

Shell turrited, smooth, polished, umbilicated, base truncated,
emarginate. Upper angle of the aperture with an internal
channel. Animal marine.

Generic Type Buccinum Spiratum Lin.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

E, testd ventricosd, maculaté ; aperture longitudine spire longitudi-
nem superante ; spird anfractibus 5 convexis, suturis alveatis ;
basi balteo concavo cinctd.

Shell ventricose, spotted; spire shorter than the aperture, of five
convex yolutions; suture channelled; base with a concave
belt.

Eburna Valentiana. Sw. Appendix to Bligh Cat. p. 6. lot 904.

EEE

EB ew species are known of Hburne, and these are neither
well defined, nor correctly figured.

The species selected by most authors as the type of this
genus is Buccinum glabratum of Linneus, a shell which, as
it unites the characters of Eburna and Aneilia, should not
have been chosen for this purpose. Types of genera are
alone intended to represent the usual appearance of those
characters on which the genus has been founded; they
should therefore be selected from such species only, as repre-
sent these characters in their perfect development.

E. Valentiana was first characterized by myseif, in the
Appendix to the Bligh Collection. It was brought from the
Red Sea by Lord Valentia, in honour of whom it is named.
The very short spire and concave belt at the base, easily

distinguish this shell from E. spzrata.
Pl. 144,

a. ene 2, me
pian ee -

oiadok Nida,

| J Sax ; ne riiae ‘wt
haat tive ‘Sivas. vat 4 Siva ales anne, ec7 Ss aes sain

ota z hal i“ a hy Ay S ee sk a tov TL i] we 440 oy AU re

s : ot AmB.

iaiowin stef " botentolo bdasletayg. uBoon Avatertid ‘Usd

. . i / b i ~~ “2?
Tay te yt 4 ! ve ef ho) SURG, MEY ~. 5) iiPat fied ~
inn ions ~thaneda.

, re oo ae oa
if ye HTD: y
i {
. ‘ t
} ‘ ry < 14% il ‘
Pais
i _ * ry
ae aniwitigint anevenga, oOo ned Oa aes
: ‘ iis Se
+n Ron, ait -) afi Vi :
=p", Le we
Bendy or ve a] ais Ty
; ; ae
a 4 snnitlys

+i
ij ei% i ‘
: igen aE Yipee — 4
| ne
7 = ahe®
1g po ee4
ie
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; Pe | it] ‘ T hie 70 7
i ¢*
= Titel i / Y ite i % \\ wen’ i
Fi i
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i Vi : vi 4 rid ih fe gt
* ry
TS Ute le goatee f Sulit eid
se + y - a i i .
f op) : : ‘ Piet 2 Vy :

: : : , aid
PEPE SM MSAELLD NAY 1 ih att ave wi
‘ ‘ hs 4 ur ‘fe ' ribet tn a i #

A?

BT Hea Ties ta int ae triad
os % ‘ * _
> sie + ' ae a
., BE TRE hall i Sey ae tie ete
o's } : f. o +. 8
' tia ‘ Mv YY te hese 3 oie ett ae

;
. ‘V4 gy ee ail 17 Hid 9% ai tit

oF.

TAS

fis tate rk J

d mh =

set N ' ; , “¥

Sri. of iin Jigs : ths
coment ‘ 35 ow r 4 tide) Si pe 4 a ? 74

¥ te a: iets, EY may Se Hel ty pie ge

mand pana
7 ys

- ¥ 7 ao ad

EBURNA tessellata,
Tessellated Eburna.

GENERIC CHARACTER. — See PI, 144.

SpPeciFic CHARACTER.

E. testd maculis fuscis seu purpureis tessellatis fasciatd ; suturd via
canaliculatd ; anfractuum marginibus convexis.

Shell with bands of tessellated brown or purple spots; suture
slightly channelled; margin of the volutions convex.

Buccinum Spiratum. var. Linn. Gmelin, 3487. Dill. 620. Brug.
p. 262. 26. Turton, 4. p. 400. var. 2.

Lister, 981. 41. (bad.) Seba, t. 73. f. 25. 26. Martini, 4. pl. 122.
1120. 1121.

(> a

A suet hitherto placed as a variety of E. spirata, ( Buc-
cinum spiratum, Lin.) but from which I am disposed
to consider it as specifically distinct. The channel or
sulcation round the suture of each whorl is very slight, and
the adjoining margin obtuse and convex; whereas in E.
sptrata the channel is broad and deep, having the margin
sharply carinated: so far-the essential characters of the two
shells are at variance; but their difference in colour is
so obvious that no one can mistake them.

The form of the umbilicus in this species appears to be
constant: it is wide, deep, placed near to the upper angle of
the aperture, and margined externally by a convex belt.
With the exception of Seba’s figures, (which, through the
carelessness of the engraver, are reversed,) not a tolerable
representation of this shell can be found; for those given
by the authors above named, are almost too inaccurate for

citation. It inhabits the Indian Ocean.
Pl. 145-

; aot he
- eat
bs 1 tee | oa.
a , a ee
: e [ od
u efiullaaicet h vi at U 7s 1a . rm
AE ce bh’ + bush AGW a) “ s
‘ ‘
= “ hed
is bt Hf) Boal oo uae Si ry ae gh ik rl. aae rm rE - me fin 7
iy 1 beg ‘ 2 ji
i) a
| iy Sana oe
~ Salt . : ia i {": =e. P
i o- , lh APE SE Wo) wiwioSate a a
hey -iwweire 2 Was mee usMy! Sones) wert WL a BPD wa, air vest Dyed ae
L “yg Ma ie ai iru: Wear GA jour | Sinhala
'
revisdyie a bsie) ” thi uty Tu wernt baj oc ee tw abruacd 5 Seaiues Rade :
eat 7 ae : - ¥ a a a Ler iid, a oo, 7 > i .
oh F dU # ae mT blu ad avy tac { Lihisnees ate dp vititgit« ok. rs =
wwvil .G0 SCL TERE ie wll) Ging oebeieecmeoeien a
>, } a 1 —O, hy yA ft ¥t . jhe . ge : ‘
dai i < ee (ih hh ya ase ee 49 See he
SP Ae oh day). eae Aiet ‘thea 0 ie) Ae yeitend =
‘ i i
SLE RTE. ek
i : ka {
. = tae ER cc — a om / %

antl} ava tot BO ee yiotlay i: 20 a; ais t ota, yA es ane are f ;
py: a scyids Lat H d sitive. reat scoot dahl iv odie sense 1s .
ov loaerds oP stgattaily plbecticaos a acral yshiatiod ‘ed
. er Pagal a AEE a} jiostw dogo ii studies sf Wt brevet, auitsy!

Hoh sii en athe. ey a, RAO | Sele dis cee io way aah oy

a he ind wl) of i ‘crore afte Dunceech: ai? leaned oD bi ib rege:

Ovid ot To erstons ee bstigaaasn apt Oa. 3 based fuss ahgaatle ze
arcinoloy ar, ocieadhihy sit, dod “a neubiey y 4écare | allele

sane mah. pkaieny ies; yas tt dull suas REX,
ate) ers tye agiasiga’ einld i equyitichan wil) Wook ot

KO SRyeris ug aes ott ot sae hesalg foe btw ati odaadaned
Big. ZoNKoa” 8 i Scere pacity magi | brn adtudage - sibs
vik fuasonud Hokiw) eign a mdoe to wOtigswcs odt hsiied

alitate bot Ke Sab piece ees} m7 ong atch 2BIUNGB ‘bytes rae
wie, geant gor” rhinod wad ther Moda eg Fei ObSIASE YAY +
a) oivwaseal oo) saogith: Chih ‘bain du vous wodun wiht ye (

| | Uae eB at anid elideiiat 07 opal

. rT ae i ehh AY

ma . : v 7"

by

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—_e eS

WG

EBURNA Pacifica,

South Sea Eburna.

GENERIC CHARACTER. — See Pl. 144.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

E. testa wentricosd, maculis fulvis fascusque albis ornatd ; spire
anguste, acute, suturis integris.

Shell ventricose, with fulvous spots and white bands ; spire slender,
acute; suture entire.

Eburna Pacifica. Swanson, Appendix to Bligh Cat. p. 6. lot 904.
Eburna lutosa? Ency. Méth. pl. 401. f. 4.

A pexieare and rather uncommon shell: first defined in
the Appendix I subjoined to the Catalogue of the Bligh
collection, dispersed by auction last spring. Mrs. Mawe
informs me she has received this, along with other shells,
from the Pacific Ocean.

A species at once distinguished by the entire suture and
narrow-pointed spire; the inner lip is very thick, with a
longitudinal sulcation near the umbilicus.

Whether this is the shell represented in the Ency. Méth.
at pl. 401, f. 4, admits of doubt: a short description would
have explained the characters, but not one word is said
about it. I have already adverted to this novel mode of
creating species at pl. 31. If authors will not be at the
trouble of defining new species, they have no right to expect
their names should be adopted by subsequent and more
laborious writers, to whom they leave the more scientific

task, of defining characters and collating synonyms.
Pl. 146.

7 ware
| LS eee

| ae 4 Per) ott 1

~ = A a i é ih erie 2
. - rf r wae 2 an 7 | - i Rent er a.

is 7 | re - Is Re is ; na rh : oe 7 te Ty ql : a -

ae v By eo Oe Oe ‘ *

= : “4 7 . y -

7 - 7
~ _ a - : et

Le
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een

ve A
mae eh eh ¢ * i
AS ee aaa ee
7 2 a = he Shere wa a
th i oy Wh) oF Wie is - Hi
: : Skat : POI Tie CP 7
i 7 ) eA, cae) ae a ey § a
ad de Wily,” ie neh eet ae nike cist nay
‘aot ce ey Lae « sea
' : i eo cet : od 5 ee va vr ray
a Pee their ie ali Ale iil i te Pee) ne aS
‘ - we ahs + Wh Zz a a |
— ana rh a cae Stn i nee : o.4 Pn 1?

it a Pr ane _
fe. Yh ols : nis M4 y en, +3 ey ine oe ' A anit i Bite nara = a s

aa : ia Pye oar hy Pe eve e =i -
7 > so ; P. aay A ge ° -
i 4 me
" oe), anece ’ pe ~ —o aa 7. a) hath - a ( Sits i
i . ery : i - (oie ax Gy oe wo he ‘a6 - Bae
sig a ab Fd

7 ; : a =>" ¥) 7 ie hy
Tu, 7 A o rw 7 a, fas - ay ae he
7 re. x pease i ; itn ii ind “Sipe yi iol i ve aah Maire
ay xf iy ail: : 7 “i a » a st ff ae ich i: He ¥ ‘ ae 7 7 ag
S is

aha oe Leite 0) hee i eee
Ty za il a ; aie a aia dei ells i oe ociettl i fee As n= —

Ye Pea ee

7 ' : Ri 7 my |

q : i 7 ae | ide nll re i ib i - : sataniial im “— ey a fokat oe iy ia
b | - a 7 - t aay Oi: Age iy » li “ath : 7 Le
ir ws ve ee <A

ha, if ‘! yi nes Pe Py

an ra Fh aud | Nak Migs, ed teres i ay
Ms ees Fees nk rh ae oe 1 eee: over iG if hn ae a
ne, cae hl fe “ol is: * wo
ahve S| Se a me

ey

. thong a Vian ro i ne ;

Z ; ay + he ae a oe Ee rh ae ied a veal eet arte i a “} y
oe i ae a ae eee) AM = : ie
a i Up ance ri spin i é shill ie ‘pai (ng ie “al i i ae i het ih the - eh ve :
- 7 y oe The - > - a ran ie Le —T. © - 4 -
ei ai my’ pty em ‘ ie uM chat Bk, aps om irr stein 400)

Uae a ‘ tinw | Lair? - = ane a al ma lh 6% Paine ae vi a ‘Tine a -

4 i 77 ay a ) yw : -“

Te? Viet oa! ir nee dae t i ny a

; Wa, aanait uh sual; Vs

ie ay rie aa ei - Ga £9 ; ae ‘ tr ‘arin el ;
= - A is » 7

ns a 7 7 - _ wii Ti 7 a) iar, 7 lat ay ik Liniae Fy ey Fag rei i |

ie Oy te 0 i a rs eS eo)”

‘, 7 ri : un . we a r ag a we a - 7 26 , a 7 Lc cs ;
my - | een eee van’ : i” ©

a ; whe 0¢ » id A heres A ‘ ;
- ie _ C com - ae is a 7 ‘coe Ge. og nin

; 1 hed _ i » Sens vey, AD, i ip -
Bie oN | ‘gre spe Sas ay >
: 7 a aed 7 7 : : i *
be way Me > ih - & fra ee , 7 Paty ae . a
5 ip” , oe a’ ont a a a Os 1s — ew 7
5% i : 5 ~ f A fh 7 : 7 inw a
7 ie 5 ' @ 7 ‘en a Au ¢ ae
- 7 ; ; of i bo, a 7 [oo A _ ” 7 7 iu 7
: 7 i a a a \ f 7 7 » “s
Bo OE Ss en
F VP hs " “a a ted t a : e al q on av . »
in VO : i : _ la yw : i = a :
we a P " j ifs 4 j =) ; ull, of : iy; ; . 4]
- td ans e i) vy ihert ie — : ; - 7 . 7 i. iP os
ae ;: a 6 fy : : 7 Bert woe . . 7
TAY 7 ° 0) re : a ¢ =i 6. 7 Ca

ws
*
:
é
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oy
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2
.
ean
=
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iL,
+

he ter wi ay 4
Briton .
felis

onae
tia Loe 3
oe Pints,

Fatt

MUSCIPETA carinata,
Keel-billed Flycatcher.

Generic Cuaracter.—See Pl. 116.

Sprciric CHARACTER.
M. plumbea, infra ferruginea; fronte juguloque nigris ; temporibus
albentibus ; rostri culmine carinato.
Plumbeous; body beneath ferruginous; front and throat black ;
sides of the head whitish; top of the bill carinated.

———eeeEE

Me. Brooxes, the celebrated anatomist, first drew my
attention to this singular bird; the peculiarity of the bill
suggested to us the idea of creating a genus for its recep-
tion; but a closer comparison of its other characters with
several of the exotic Muscipete induces me, at least for the
present, to associate it with those birds. The Flycatchers,
as they now stand in the works of Latham, Shaw, and other
Linnean writers, undistinguished even by sections or sub-
divisions, present a mass of confusion, which renders the
search after an individual, in this immense genus, almost
hopeless.

Total length, six inches and a half; front, throat, and
margin of the shoulders, deep black; the whole upper
plumage is of a delicate lead colour, which is paler on the
breast, and nearly white on the sides of the head and neck ;
body and inner wing covers rufous; the first quill is half
the length of the second, which is rather shorter than the
three next; feet slender, weak, and short; the outer toe
united, the inner cleft. The bill at the base is triangular,
but not elevated; the sides compressed; the culmin, or
top, is sharp, elevated, and curved; the tip of both mandibles
notched: nostrils simple, small, round, without a membrane,
and partly hid by the thick-set frontal feathers, and length-
ened setaceous bristles round the bill. These parts are deli-
neated on the plate of their natural size; and must form the
basis of any future generic alteration in the arrangement of
this bird. The figure was from a specimen belonging to Mr.

Brookes ; since which, I have received two others from New
Holland.

Pl. 147.

oh ¥ } wt : i a fal
7 a ; >
| ! | road ’ %
Lat on : -, : 7 e :
q nin’: By) a ve a wo -:
; 7 y of pa ;
air calles . pis
nue MA Volt | ,
' 7 f a |
, or eeng BOT AER apie " :
: | | 7
| nit 7
;
3 7 use
| 14 n at ay foilh es 1 ¥ at at ; Way <s tani: ce
ret Mi, % 2 7 aU ,. rd aa a
- eS She ee Paes nhs ‘se Nellie f ee a
~ ue vite we fas art 2a inh xen Thy © 4
Are Wh? iva huey be Bs ‘ i Pi i .
8 Aye BY 4 (Ra pe SAP Lad & ,
. = i i ye é
, , ae ‘~
deriel ROP Oe as, he 7
x TT easel
a S pint: ‘ whe Pits aSagy j :
‘
aie ee, Vart. des A
pe tl yer wanih 2 z h
i : cit | penderinit: \ Ce
a : ce
hin bay tat wo Ee As if shay; : >
mm Mee ac rien: ta
-
ia: «iit Saat" ‘thE i
az. fall, Dee Hye Sr ie ,
| sh New BF Saag
iat 4 went ‘bate ati Z
x 7 aa Fy poy, oF, RTD ; oa) ble yt fe ates) GIF, ;
Ma a site : elite
‘Vet roa) ERTS "bes 2 wel - tin 2 I oe Brak % oh eek ae tu i
ie, se 7 Seams 1 mire Fe ihe biti ie a Ay Thy ygiereds re.
22 eT) oe i YOAV A CaCy es y 1 f : . : |
bs Mies feat : es iat Ca a? || ‘seeee) yy
: tet at? i) wilh be Z oP Bibiiuiy he Pejty .
wy 4 tives hs ' . 2 ‘ . ; Af : : . 7
Pi Rd ef ) if a ' ay ie Bia Ste eee
PONT Pt ea MAR. Sp) 33): A ne | i
gull Yok ae “ae 4 yival aman
fi if Le ied i i aye yi zii elas be f ‘a hs ¢
+) WH ‘ i | ij , q a i 1) Ae) x any ta 4 Wee 1‘ iy nd Py) qh
‘ 5 Lt 1" ave Go hi yi 1das oe b a tg | °
if i : due hg tee
7 Te ipiusg oy Depapel ip beater ie bees «ier ate pee at ‘maid M vet
yee | : , mer ele j tt
d l vw] qailtgal : yh (ery ’ Pret ae Lat x iy ae pices
- 3 2? ' = iJ : -
*) 4 7 believer sy & ey nade aah wml *) ig 7 ty 4H 45 wt
= a *) . i ‘ Ms
\ 7 = rH wa Tait Vilela hiidd Tar aoe
- aif Pi. BS\pee I 7 Visa f hel Le 0 ia nF ;
ae.) mu , mare ; |
14 i 7a y+] ; (rey 4 wet: ae ay vin 7) is‘ OF we wt vam ae F a if
aa aye hades 4 : i a
WM obe rid’ Wr it) ea at? nail ait
thE ghee vit oC Tha Lid) yyy a
oa = _ "y ied aa’ te ane e 7% nary ’ Werle ahs OM
Fe i ot ary i] { fg DA, SALE int | { :
ero ¢t Ht) “) £VRILIG VPs ee ; s | :
oF Sev v j ‘ , Ny iy i ’ ; : Savilly {
> ue : ede of ona
a | 6 = F f
por, 7 7
e ; - r
a) | |
- 7 ki » : ‘ f ‘

* * Pa
¥
qi
. C5, =
i
F inpee
Dated al
. + =
u ied -
Sap
ea
2) = “* -
2 $
7 tae
2 we
* a.
”
‘
7
F =
a ey k
’ ee
a
‘
‘
j
1
=
‘ . JP
Ha
* as
.
it
= -
®
.

S48,

EMBERIZA cristata,
Crested Bunting.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Rostrum breve, conicum, compressum, basi aliquaienus hians, mandibulé
superiore inflerd, inferiore supercorem magnitudine superantem.
Nares basales, rotundi, basi plumulis obtectd. Pedes sedentes,
digitis tribus anticis basi divisis, halluce plerumque brevi, curvo,
aliquando recto.

Ob. Remgum pennd prima brevi, secundd tertidque longissimis.

Bill short, strong, conic, compressed; the base slightly gaping;
upper mandible inflexed; under mandible largest. Nostrils
basal, round, covered at the base by small feathers. Feet
sitting, the three anterior toes divided at the base; the hind

claw in general short and curved, in some species straight.
Ob. The first quill of the wings shorter than the second and third,
which are the longest.

Generic Types (Temminck) i. Emb. citrinella. miliaria Lin. ii. Em.
nivalis. Fring. Lapponica.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
E. olwwacea, infra flavescens ; capite cristato; gugulo ngro; strigd
oculari, scapulis rectricibusque luteralibus flavis.
Olive, beneath yellowish, head crested; throat black; eye stripe,
shoulders, and lateral tail feathers, yellow.

Tue elegant crest of narrow-pointed feathers on the head
of this new bird, at once distinguishes it from all others of
the same family. Mr. Brookes favoured me with the indi-
vidual here described; it was purchased alive at one of the
Brazilian ports; but I strongly suspect it had been first
brought from Africa, by some one of the slave ships. The
figure is of the natural size; down the shaft of each feather
on the back is a black line; the tail is rather long, and even ;
the two middle feathers black; the rest pure yellow, with
black shafts, and brown exterior terminal margins ; the upper
mandible of the bill is simuated; the base not gaping, but
with a few incumbent bristles.

I have taken the authority of Professor Temminck for the
accuracy of the generic types of this genus under its present
modification.

Pl. 148.

=i 2 y os ‘ d
7 rane / ‘galiza, z ie
| | A! wi xe f ‘wee a

a eh ae abe’ care : _, ‘ iret | *

bi vs, r 2 ’ 9 ae, -_ si > a 7F. zz os
ae
ele shart aie Sr pke aginst fe sath Pi yin sith cal =, ae 4

ye +erh > Be ©
i ‘ t nie es.
ra hi nian’ Ee Ate ayi Wnt es ie ee ¥ pil ‘ uy ir he ‘ ra
Pi had or +p: 3% 78 ie balan
. ds y : aay wt aay ' A 4 oh ma ‘yi Sewhitr.g ye (ua ap wail i \ 26 |
a tae ee Agi outlet tt web) rn ae bab ber fia’ a tee nL eM T, ok
- a ele pas ach ns tenet a> ot
; ro : wa af me eee
S ig ie 3 ee iy oa ny a a 9, " ee
aa Pn ae Pape."
ee ea ne, AL
Pac. ae Leva Sele (So Wie
" a = no ee pte fi
: pg 0g! e-j.aa0) lat la a
sap fs air eras ae ae (9s, ©. eee
' : ; xe j nits ae i Ache igniaes yu Wisk Ah rath : nae
jb eed Vaated, Lt
; an ui an nolb. ait a =
R : “t 3 can Pe dis My Aa a yu nel Pit a Ht ae f r
wT Ail Svein: nai ae halkn yp ee ‘teed ie
a Lan A i pa ia yt { ns : cua oe | x.
i ry , : u% x, 4 7 ; a i ; 7 ®
i " : ’ rie \
‘ tee =a ie so) fee
_ ag. ? Dean tA
i + at ) at 4 id ; 7
: aT ee ‘ates 1
ote wh sap emhiwe Agu
sy whee sis Mattey! “pleinall nip yuan ol
Pai, thy hy vs iba a, phd 5, aha fan wat asthe’ -
Be oS 40 7 y Le a hy ame: ED ee
vs hegieal agkt 407 puerney lee sie eat ima a a9 Agugees “ue re
a a sy Ae. ; ‘ ash
bo eae Lh seb, tafe ty ind oxo) elt eye
1s ‘ ' : : a ve ae ee ea 5
‘se a ae Lh: ‘pihd.st if Jag ay, pit Met yt. wel e yal A. ‘7 (ouant Brit ra Pt
ne) hi Geri) ent ee y [ # ated Waly geet be Peet for: at god. lags ov:) we
* ; oP a? Pe a ae P, 1 -
4 hi ‘ OA nae : vi ey" iF | shake Sr, Oe sual 7h vom :
" ? : i. ‘ at 4 hs iv ta “i pret {igde act
ts es ages TaN Les “Skt LY ad age” a
’ + af
3 ry rs ay dk ry), i dot . >i odvad hs
; Pais} Hy ci afi *: Pit \ pry tess ita ee ads
eds shores agree Jy acide ‘i uae (ko ny iat 4doeid 07
Base ' aes ik . = Leak capale, yee atl sldiaaad 7% *
| Seri Prenna aaa AS Wi '
: i aT Bicker ; Pi 1 e VaerS
ae 19 BALES erate 4d) jn de he Q
ae | ' : % ‘2
a? sia if. 19 eure wr! 102m Alt Lame HPMOOR oe
5 ee ay ot
i ; } ay ee a jafabant Py 4
| f ' Bel "
- ‘ J
i y alt ‘ '
; : r)
4) -
¢ Po , 4 - ’
1 7 . :
; Pog ; = |
. , 7 ae
ies ;
é ad i q : :

CASTNIA Fabricii,
Red underwing Day-moth.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Anienne clavate, clavo elongato, cylindraceo, fusiformi, ad apicem
unco breot, acuto armato. Palpi breves, graciles, haud pro-
minentes, articulo ultimo nudo, oblique verticales. Vertex
ocellatus? ocello oculum juxta utrumque posito.

Obs. Caput parvum; alarum basis squamis conspicuis, elongatis
embricata. .

Antenne clubbed ; club elongated, rounded, fusiform, ending in a
short acute hook. Palpi short, slender, not projecting beyond
the front, the last joint naked, obliquely vertical. Crown
with a small ocellus? adjoining each eye.

Ob. Head small: base of the wings covered with conspicuous,
lengthened, imbricate scales.

- SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
C. alis anticis, supra ferrugineis; posticis rufis, fasciis 3 undatis,
nigris, masculis ovatis interstinctis, ornatis.
Anterior wings above ferruginous; posterior rufous, with three
waved bands of black, between which are imperfect oval spots.

EEE

Tue insects of this genus form one of the most singular
groups among the Lepidoptera; they are few in number,
and confined to the tropical regions of America; flying only
during the meridian heat, and then with incredible rapidity :
they frequent the narrow inlets of thick forests, occasionally
resting, far above the ground, on the trunks of trees. The
species here figured is very rare, and came from the Diamond
district of Brazil: it is named after the illustrious ento-
mologist who first founded the genus. The bases of the
wings beneath are furnished, in the male, with a spiral

socket and horny spring, similar to those of the Phalznide.
Pl. 149.

te

it fea 1 AB | " a a
; was ~ ‘
a A Feerce gaciaral | “3 ae
iy 4 . a , : : 2 ah |
A l D. = “| ie : haa ; ms
ie : ; ANTE HA & uD ‘ja wean ae i"
atniaben’ Was ue ee: ENR ' wlnete > he iad Es int. “Ue a
Mie TM. (4 sheng ; pita mba, yess Yiaat std. Gye
TACT SMilpoevigit Sarat oh in bestia. ohw ae.» etn bits .
‘ : iM er wWeowmt bu wl} Fon als sa SR ‘c on - L
aifignnhe cali, (teams: Gel ails, 4 arab. Maya aray ey
oo. + yg Or “Sansa oe .

Ace Teil vey A ant selina lah ik ‘, is ire oc hak hav Fefucts oF ousteA
Tage’ an} ee By a) PoKY 2 sdannseds asla pte “soni SUVs ele» , : =

ines) Toa en Ws 41 urns bis aha, PO gaat “auld (ght ut adh —<
| a as ent ti bn, Sag lbaecs Tora if Aske. =

wousiyends ative. bays imma old To ego Silene tna tt f

: ee ols ff va sttdelantaniinag car.

25 gt

> ie : 7 i J . vd
HAVA AML HE sae 7 et =. | a
atin five’, kee Oey Bint i one 4s snag toate pine, alte old
a Hig é Li \s s*% ve : * ory uy
; : _ a 11 LA gern re 4s} & mals A thes eh LRA Pa Ah bi s
| ae oe eo ee rar inpeae dy egaie zai ie :
sits iy ent wit oes a » RY Pony yes AF QGA od stad
iogniavoduelionge, cum danby goa er anid to, shan bavew

— hematin ie KE See ; -

telieania Jeoiw sith go. bin) curred aire atid Ae eo al este ae
antes ni wie? he en da 1 we hyo bicet t wh ‘goss co | psory
Maariv y axis aid seoig ay be pie et pnd of byatnnde bow,
Hubiyrt ldibowty dear ancy big, deel aulbriace 303 pared
Hamaranden wet a Ait t to, ob et wortmn mad “noupait yada: R
oT. gad boy adeeb ong dy bagoty gd oro tat yeitaas n
» hata acate! sil} nev i TA ¥ fy i, TTB PTA & Fa) barngi erat ssivaqy r

%

moter agven odes tI: aves, xithes Haga a i invent los inidash:
vdde tarapiand, 42!) -cntaey nly hab Muah, ostex targotods
i of ile aloe ‘any fh! i ibs wart tet Sip the sein! PNY
guandent ae 44) To wont) af wil unig ann 1%, (eo wii han josloga 7

ies Sree ate ee
. as on te OM

730

Sek ieie hpproaes

vs . tall Pers pee iy
=." " Z * ' ot “"

; aitige 2 te Wl e a ep
a batep Uti. 4424) “ER:

Ny .
; an iS uhh SUE VISES Fh A EY
Ppp a oO ered vs ty te ish, ot Begs : years
ty
U4
‘- 6

/

a.)

"
2 4

p !
{ a .

’ : a4 Sa” a

wl "

Tay x a
2 ~ ii
+ Si Rie gare «Al hs ~

¥ pene a Tae:

vp = ' =

oe a meee .

; aie > heise it chs wa Paid. :
SAK?) Pont riry i) ee ae
wtieesitied? Aeck ¢
’ - - 5 x >
ae ire oh? Se one:
Pehrvic A Gye x af
’ pres dts ago, % at mr
MA Bilin oil Ligtaa’
WH See daNIeT TA Void 7

ey ;

al 8

f rr Vy, *

od Cd

SPHIN X fasciata.

GENERIC CHARACTER. — See PI. 81.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

S. alis anticis subdentatis, supra fuscis, margine postico strigd pallida
ornato ; posticis fulvis, margine nigro ; abdomine annuloso, annulis
nigris, nterruptis, interstitis albis.

Anterior wings subdentated, above brown, posterior margin with a
pale stripe; posterior wings fulvous, margin black; body with
black interrupted rings, the interstices white.

ee ET

Tuts approaches so near to the Sphinx Alope of Drury,
that it is not without hesitation I have ventured to separate
them ; it will, however, be seen, that neither in his figure or
description is any notice taken of the pale testaceous band
on the superior wings; the body likewise is described as
* encircled with rings of brown and dark ash colour;” in
this, the rings are black, on nearly a white ground: the
under sides of the superior wings, in Drury’s insect, “ are
spotted along their external edges with long yellowish spots ;”
in this, they are uniform pale brown. These differences
(greatly strengthened by his figure) induce me to consider
them as distinct ; particularly as both insects appear to have
come from Jamaica: the upper side of the antenne are white,
the lower brown. Cramer’s figure of S. Alope affords little
or no clue to illustrate the question.

SPHINX Leachii.

S. alis anticis subdentatis, griseo-fuscis, maculis mediis 3 nigris ;
posticis fulvis, margine nigro; abdomine griseo, annulis ngris,
anterruptts.

Anterior wings subdentated, greyish brown, with three medial black

spots; posterior fulvous, margin black; abdomen grey, with
interrupted black rings.

Ee

T cannor reconcile this with any one species described by
Fabricius; at the anal angle of the lower wings, is a pale
greyish spot, with two short blackish lines: I have named it
in honour of that laborious and eminent zoologist, Dr. Leach ;
who presented me with the specimen here figured.

Pl. 150,

if ‘die ah a ts iabeat Bia} } ee | Suu Paevestrs lala: “dion woe

‘ente” Wogemt ay inl ae Sani. value Te pobie cehyate
; ft

. ir ge ET

Ae, Cabs NaH pate: im 20 ¥f a TM sh) wt eh nr aya | 4 pine

+ Ey OMt t) xh oa cy yy a Re) AG DEAS _ xian dipsina aly )

Pe,
; ; “ wae © ‘ Cat, oe tfeh a oe i ”
* staged Z¥ a h £e e. S

Le - yt lane os S

i

(JM not >, CPROATAICY VeHa Ma

re a

a PHA. a nt operon ; a

bhai dyes ik oy Yoda sss suid aR, f Frage anh atodiaga, athe ays 8 |

‘ ory iia swat SNE J SCS 1) ey

“

ire ‘vhiod. = dont nigrins ap ner eB 0a Poe sixte olag
—_ ah if we Rts amin | is eyit Sotqun vat Aaplcke

anarmeptinelip IMS spratiecuins a nical i ead be .
ay rt rere

"seu Ia auoth J
gity 6492 PER i Fiavanteean

ao
a ‘gin a Moat’ « ¢. asnlonordtee are i :
yopietiounl one: ton al ai amale
ny vrytt aid. ab Harhitay He (ies 1 ad bl anon i tem Yi. pres,
bused aunanete ja 4 sad Schy Tey: er sr LOU yah at nulgroagty”
ay Peuiogel), ai oe aii whode aM Le ng yousqua ait NS
ai “stholos Aro dh Boe gente ay te site heloaioee
ely Hoonll win wgare otek ae

ae i Baviorg cdarkw,

frasilloy ecolitinn roy th Leis Aisi? aris Se

sat i

‘esguatst ih and, iy Aware if: abe a7 oiainy ott yor wink ‘te

pabtanos Oo) ide sasha: (ewroh oat ve ae boast aii ath yee

aad G) a (tt a RIBS it Gia ‘a 4b rh fuiqin 7°. pode ib Aik ovens,

ait Aw aR gust veh gage on {hto4 bid ley zn oft a siumnat amit sds

afi ebralin santé i T0.2 simi tempt >) aon d avian af
a en aia sal alta atts avinitant Sy ot sulo on 50, |

a my a I
e ; a~
— t 4 yr yf < >
; Sak Pe Ed ee . :
1 7 4 f
a ee Oe “&
#2 , : : i - *oe

¢

aden welts oay svat ye ai agi) Came RA, Bor
ee A » eee oa Rp ahbatl

shy

Bilt) jnilia sy’ aod? Atiw ea wae daiysrg . bats) ties amate aygetir ohare
Gite ward ron ldh 7 iS a a } niga wor! uf hirire i aage bi
. a“ ie » egitt donald bod qrrxogni

} > Secale ehadoe _
( Mn ”

yal ly ahuseb agiiaaya pete, quits dain aids aliotogst TOKKAD I ;
vee ms ieee SG a hh ADQe ini ait 18 yaniondae
Loeevena ne {i agail dettostd Neds ows dew doge aiys
sy: ds Jargaluas dijoritun ) hie aoohodal edi to Yomedar
ie eis 1 Tr 748 att dhigwr Susi ‘hod teaea an

’
Ly i
i Pir
7 ‘
.
*
©
ee .
}
‘
y .
i

: y

ui
| " ‘P :
‘
j
.
* :
f .

ALCEDO semitorquata,
Half-collared Kingsfisher.

GENERIC CHaRAcTER. — See Pl. 26.

—$<_—_.—____.

Spreciric CHARACTER.
A. ceruleo-wiridis, infra ochracea ; capite cyaneo, lineis nigris trans-
versis ornato; dorso nitidé ceruleo ; pectore torque caruleo-

viridt interrupto insigni.

Bluish green, beneath buff colour; head blue, with transverse black
lines; back shining light blue; breast with an interrupted
blue-green collar.

EE

Ty a small collection of birds, procured on the borders of
the Great Fish River of the Cape, I met with this new and
elegant Kingsfisher. I was fortunate in detecting in the
same parcel several other unknown and interesting birds ;
which f hope to record and illustrate in this work, particu-
larly as they have since been sent to a foreign museum.
This species considerably exceeds the size of the Asiatic
Kingsfisher, being nearly eight inches and a half long: the
bill is black, two inches from the gape, and one and three
quarters from the base of the nostrils : head blue, the crown
crossed by dusky black lines ; hind head somewhat crested,
the sides deep and rich mazarine blue; ears and sides of the
neck greenish blue, the latter having a stripe of white; the
blue on the sides of the neck advances on the breast in the
shape of a half-formed collar: wings and scapula covers
bluish green, with lighter spots on the tip of each of the
wing covers ; down the back is a stripe of vivid light blue,
similar to the common Kingsfisher: tail dark-blue, edged
with greenish, the base black. The plumage beneath, from
the chin to the end of the throat, white; changing on the
breast to pale fawn colour, which deepens to ferruginous on
the body, under tail covers, and thighs: legs red: between

the bill and eye a dusky white line.
Bie ti.

toma

| Aseld derovacit dive said har? yryoina "Trad sldacicens pid
alia if dite eee + oul} iifgil pointe, don.

<pathing Siow ait ot aletiadlt ayn Bros a oqad F
Mi ctsine ice bi yor a OF oige Toad Rorited ora yads. mais (

aint bee ati baa ey oad ott wool owt
_ fon ais auld bast 5 alintadsn ads ip Sead ‘silt Yao" YT
“bsteat J net yeninoe Boast Buiel : asail doatd edouils ei
ot to'aalya hase HES eaushd OUP BSRUL nets hag ‘
. ‘oat padide Io oe ‘deo onic wa hiat’ oil iT
8) at fansad oft no, soanmrby Anse adv FO @

otk dtesited suitialy git gan of) datirss

vars Hieuproyiinga . 64 an

Yo bbe oft en peas paid) ey ‘songetivs ssid

i 2

Ain ddtoias % Sse

~

Ue

00 {9 08 — A etos Ret 0 in) i. ies
— ~- J . r : ers ‘ ‘* 7 i
= ma Ma H ) and

~th big gimmie 2%: mere avanye: Pian, <2 Sashes ind oie ached as
ve 2

AURAL RO Saya swluE | hearts” sabia oss Coney amet ’ i a 1,
, ¥ hi sagan auras: aire

Pe «

Ris: fies
saalloo dgeg-30 il,

A Ast

pee : s ee!
f ply a

bar wea alk ivy samt sys adk id avi dat geo) 9
at mi anitosieh at sland) dew t Tisdattegaial ro cae
rebuild vaitzovitt bar iededay spelt: a Iniavoa loom: 4

cen

sithieh ad la sym silt abana ws sfilirtobiaacs Bote
aed = anol Mod & baw god sat ubais yhresix ated os

Bie or cL
earn

veha ©
ent

Hoyos: -alnguse ‘bag acne ; Sadlios: ‘bénediala o Oe
a3 t0. dose Yo git ot au aboge sgh) dive, ff
auld Hgil bivte’ to sgtiie 's ai doad ont evo; Breve
bygbe: “ontd-danhi lige: Sedaaeanral ‘MO DEGIOS, aT ot)

alt mo warguatis: ; atidw deontd.s di! to has od ‘
15 ‘asaorgonal ut etoqook, vider quolos aust af i oF
a ranted hor ase : bo hie § se lind ee ag

_ «¥ on .
* a2) 4 ve Del ors ae ti * ib:
Ai) .
aon ~ SSIwe AON b42. ice a
rica tts ee a
-! = oe af 7 o “>

a4 rye 1 “I ‘ \

ly FS
aract -s ‘ ‘
r. Maid ko -
cue ‘
~é , - et es .
» ry
a1 4 Cal 6
tits , > ® 3 :
, ;
° jie i a * s

hols, i. a . .

~~ froin L<. I ra.

Bcd Gael) wily ; Z i *. 5

, aw e's yum yet oe a!

> jereerar Herta ral, : t : ;

}-

See Hanke of 4p pate
ul

baa 16 Protas; {i “i

ACHATINA melastoma,

Black-mouthed Achatina.

GENERIC CHarRacTer.—Sce Pl, 30.

SpeciFic CHARACTER.

A. testa strigis longitudinalibus, nebulosis, purpureis ornatd ; spird
elongatd + labio exteriore castaneo-nigro; columella crass,
gibbd ; bast integra.

Shell with clouded purple longitudinal stripes; spire lengthened ;
inner lip chesnut-black; columella thickened, gibbous; base
entire.

Var. (veversed.) A. perversa. Zool. Iilust. vol. 1. pl. 30.

— EEE

1 wave not the least doubt that this shell is specifically the
same with that figured at Plate 30 of this work : it has only
recently come under my inspection, and I therefore hasten
to give a further illustration of this beautiful species, and to
substitute a new specific character, which will be applicable
to both varieties.

Although much more ventricose than the reverse variety,
this has the same unusual formation of that part of the
columella seen at the base of the mouth, where it is very
thick, and appears as if swelled: the epidermis, in this
specimen, obscures the white ground colour of the shell.
I have seen also another variety, even more slender than
that at Plate 30, and with the aperture not reversed. These
new facts point out the necessity of the specific name of
perversa being changed to one more applicable.

The figure is from a specimen lent to me by Mr. Dubois,

and is probably from Brazil.
Pl. 152.

~ i 4 ; : .
A
senaserlos t 7 “ ft } K ut ‘) ae
<syet ng ivi Bastitaay faith
Z 7 aR eet '
. "aD . idee “a
AST 998 -— areas aal ona gal? : ae
MATa al ake .
unt, 5 hivieta eta rab ing avi evant aise tegen agile juny BO
haan = Suau\o. PAR te NTs srry uli, 5 ; hinuagls~ |
Hs P ery ai ion a btdig

spat ee hi svdidly dis weal) laid Allawwmioy.-¢ dos plc yy uses gi sogni
: oni 9.

wae
LOE Ase. B-Soo eS int asterearmaig AK (.bowowri) 0
= mtepapemese om. — "Be AP

fgh4 tinal pega al Nios mcie alt incit $4 outed dealt! nal art jog ty aw ae)
vigo ati Ae tia tin wm ott $08 sei"h Je baomgit jadd tive TBH,
wd hans sleet nil! 4 ‘balsa HOI aif sn yet tobe anos yhiassey
re ban Re a= aq 2 fulitucmadt alte ced ranges iit aedkiaast 8 OTD»
aklas AUT sh “ie af Pave tells pea jae a petite aa VEStt A adutivedinn,
- Gh y , | gh eanersy iftod oF
Clete sarrrspor) espeel) ORGOEUIIS e) SnOuee shoerent digit ost
|) laseasuite Sana SAY “gard ead

Fat Si tweedy! wismoom Bell Ti oad ak SA) oa ial

4 : f
SH) to .dvkee Jane
a

1 ely Duty, ail or agit aeynase ratlo aout
eit rabusie swe 304 ele dtonedala nase coved 1
faadT \.hoenayer 7408 swig s ott Lbivy bap: O& aiefF) de dads
Jo genet aiwoontantel t: ial qiagsoen edt Ino jsidq aos) .wem
4, sidivilqgh +1014 sug Ob bogdads gaiod WeSC

cabin Gy oth ‘i ef anny i, J) poanioege x Geaih at outgit edt
: ‘ este. wo) \idadory at bas

Sef At

ait ct @tocdbias, ad) shelbwar te ga ronoqg a dons *

ae

shade eins} mgs engine finiligeg@ok.: dere E bea buols drive. isd? ie

ee

153

ae Tee '% WNTOVIy LH.

o 5, Beene CaaS bps &
& Bae abtigt ile. ahem, J * Dig lool heat
Pee, bk alt MOOT Sy ite eT \edl

Ps

oad Ginn,
e as

i ae Sheed Ba ‘nay epity oy
ala RW tokes, rae mats atte we (wpert ie
ey oe Ret me

a. oe (phy: ai aur i. : AG
ae i: “a iat a8 Bye Muaba:
; eB =n ny: ab. ey me

Sey ye

|

r Ee Rupacrdiindy "i iis vats ee Oi ural
as pes aie RO aye kisi Wiss Ie Fitence) -sciel S672 sev:
a ie. poe Painihe: Wales el Ware Byiser:
4. BY wh aie vege aud gi esis Sy,
wraiitn 4% peanuts Rintiniers bit
oe mest. =} a TiC Caine od a Dee

oT

ats Pra

ab Tench 8 ite: Paes efionee nr: biel; te Pasa
i 2h a AS LE dll Law, Mes en ad +30 arts, wee
ba ihe Cae OE. PORN: on Oe
FD Shoe Wt th ov iyulaey sa
Nelalnts sa anal Vie wits Ay Lose, "A
Bei Peat Ronn et uebiok:, OY
be fiir. nen ey Wier wits Beit
Sad A hide wih pte what ane
ithe epee}
rier WP broth mercies iis, Wt)

; AOR onset Telly: wae:
ay Jae
yaa ja Tua Ps

aA maa: he inet ©.
“ ae Bay BUGS © dy Ore

pe MHWL 1G tagtds (a

sad » a,

¥

STROMBUS lobatus,
Lobed, or Brindled Strombus.

GENERIC CHARACTER.—NSee PI. 10.

Sreciric CHARACTER.

S. testa nodulosd ; spird brevi, inermi ; labio exteriore supra repando,
bilobo, margine crasso, reflexo ; aperturd levi, rubescente ; canale
brevi.

Shell nodulous; spire short, unarmed; outer lip above spreading,
two-lobed, margin thick, reflected; aperture smooth, reddish;
channel short.

Seba, tab. 62. f. 4. 5. (optime) 9.12. 14. 15. 27. tab. 63. f.6. Mart.
3. tab. 83. f. 836, 837. Gualt. tab, 32. f.F. Knorr 3. tab. 11.
f- Y—6. tab, 29:7, 8.

Strombus Gallus, (@) Gmelin, 3511.11. S. Raninus, Gmelin, 3511.10.

EEE

Tr will appear extraordinary, that this very common shell
should have been unknown to Linneus; and still more, that
no other systematic writer should have noticed it, excepting
Gmelin, by whom it is placed as a variety of S. gallus, although
his S. raninus is obviously made from a bad figure in Knorr
of this same shell. On referring to Mr. Dillwyn’s account of
S. gallus, I find all the references of Gmelin to this shell ex-
punged ; and a note at the head of the genus states, that
S. raninus is undeserving of notice ; thus every trace of the
shell, in this work, is altogether lost.

The two lobes at the top of the outer lip form a strong and
peculiar distinction of this species: the colour of the mouth
is variable; though usually tinged with pink, it is often
reddish, or red blended with yellow, and sometimes nearly
white; within the upper part of the aperture, round the
inner lip, are one or two strong plaits, with sulcated grooves
on each side; and near the lobe at the base of the outer lip,
the aperture has a few obsolete stria: the nodules on the
body whorl are triangular, and the two nearest the lip are,
in general, very large: the channel (or base) is short, and
turned up in an oblique direction.

Found, in great abundance, in various parts of the West
India seas.
Pl. 153.

' £3 * Aj PEAT ah ak y : ' a ea Fen Ts pide ew | 7 aa ii _ nae. |
era a : 7 mS ay ele MTSE Pty _ rus ot eae,
; an : = pies a’ ede, PT, ae | eae ee Le ee ee =: tar
a ‘ 1 7 Uw - ? my ‘ \ Seay ae .
: / ‘ » we Ta vie ay
ress aa '

‘ opi’ eed

4 fag

| i eee ae aud OH en :

aod is; ‘ ‘ ‘ ;

; ee os

iy " : ® an

¥ F ARagoNe: (uh 1 F BAGO ole ’

_ | mi soe oa ;

OL ee aa le: a nae 4 “Sian pO, yA |

i : his, Nb rn pp ’ , wt > ns ; i) Se ) te Se
EAN sh > ne ry ge ye

sah rr ey nex ans ar siete eda: per, « Sioyd teebqer c bauble hey y7 eae
Aen 4 «Daa na iit sitet eu eee seis * ‘yrange
Ol ae we a ‘Vihee bro Pade ss ‘7

anlar He 4 visi “er No, | ‘ie smo eine i apdingor™ Nai. i
ck fi: PAdronsla ashy TOK pa raat vist Sa vail Hig sas ba Sotaak Jo ean
: Heh et eee i ORS, "etpito , nN ae
saat by 60 AB PS ‘Se bieeea Hei ay ae Agi yuneee tea

my ff bot: abe Peyanie * a, e nah mo] ah 8 at,” « wad id x P eee: Bo i) ee:

; ys A oe as A * iS oa i A: . a :

aes i ar Le
gt ee, rian wut Gl, tk OG ato Ce 3) ll sce ea
Mande. fone) ys) "mer ts £5) lait ines? meat value tei ven | ae 7

radi Cae eMOa nas aod avait pluoda ae ;
‘i. ne onsiede ago op
ming, 640 often We jar basa i vi sn yee id icra
a we Se fore) band ene wna

at oie 388 Blo. ey
‘ i aS ik 446 Gt Ati be iit | iasilos. RY <

4 jad’, ener [ite ‘tip iii 52
j dase at besiton att plod: ea

At

I ne alae on! A ibe y aie

ag

uses
‘ ie exladd, att in! oily fei ‘adly istohiia baa pbagaeg 7
‘oli 1S Suen Vets wees ahebunlt ‘Yd gnermasbale ai Arnie Cr ;
mor ; “anol wdaagodl al Aion. pitt ut. is ae hind
é wie Ts wah pa als ‘yeh, (dere Oh, iv. asiol ove st. a!
} ea eee whe ten ‘aide § walt 44% seit To woltouiail y ‘ths hess ; |
stedto 4 x Petals y Akio ‘bas gre’ ethan se “Hh yal aA DS
vivaya, eeniiiedo4 bas neatly +1) phi pobieatcts ber to ete : |
Joan ball s¢ DTrace gat iy Wes Puy “9 an ia iy ahead ‘ Sesily” a) ae
as ate abetted ee BAe Bae tia ONY 10.300, SUF ‘at rer tao “
; “ah te bs “op ny rts) aad ai ee eye h vi aya Le oun Hus, 7; ah floes ao a)
alk hig til Hore Y va Re, aigle otsh onde, Inat a anit funaqe tht
wana. GLP ell Jaane on ads bua. wtglargntts waa fol, bod,
hae Sedan at Ooannt soy — gifs { suvel yay (tateagg ay ad

A ASS asa jvtleser ig af qu bart | Kd

jay tf ale We eiigay ue “th ee a0 ah dalle twats i hud,
ta ad a eae fiinil ”
i i 7 Sind gl ME
“ : . / ;

of

424

hie.

Sere * ead i

Aeron ahs ae 7 ‘ ;

ee Mtlercney NE Se
o % Wao Medal’. hur 52

ee f E tin us ~ “e a 2 i Ps 4 < 4 4

ee pte we ttt =

tage

PSITTTACUS Malaccensis,
Blue-rumped Parrot.

GENERIC CHarRacTER.—See Pl. 1.

SpeciFic CHARACTER,

P. viridis; vertice uropygioque nitide ceruleis; tectricibus inte-
rioribus, corporisque lateribus coccineis; caudd flavescente ;
rostro magno, dentato.

Green ; crown and rump sapphire blue; inner wing covers and sides
of the body crimson ; tail yellowish ; bill large, toothed.

P. Malaccensis. General Zoology, vol. 8. 2. p. 554.

Blue-rumped Parrakeet. Lath. Syn. Sup. 1. p. 66.

EE

I vurn« this may be the bird described (according to
Latham) by Sonnerat, under the name of Petite perruche de
Malacca, and from which both Latham and Shaw have
framed their account of the Blue-rumped Parrot. On
comparing their descriptions with the following, some
differences and omissions will be found, but not sufficient,
I think, to justify the idea of this being a distinct species :
I have, as yet, seen only one specimen (and that not perfect)
of this rare and little known bird.

Total length six inches; bill unusually large and strong,
being three quarters of an inch (in a straight line) long, and
nearly the same in height at the base ; upper mandible with
a sharp tooth in the middle, and reddish orange; under
mandible violet grey; front and crown of the head violet
blue, changing to blackish green on the back, and greyish
green on the sides of the head, neck, and breast; body and
vent green; rump and upper tail covers vivid azure blue;
spurious wings greenish blue; wing covers dark but bright
green, margined more or less with yellowish; quills blue
green, their inner webs black; under wing covers and sides
of the body crimson; tail short, even, the two middle
feathers above green, the rest yellow with green edges and
black shafts; beneath, these feathers are all yellow, the
shafts white ; the wings, for the size of the bird, are very

long, measuring four inches and a half.
Pl. 154.

id Lite of Pot Qe nlivtice pee { acti iver tort! Laie este
van! pee) GARRY (gee yh re Ry Perr tite th vhow! ant to
va vio ber tag aE LEY hel silts ears ava evsdjua,

A -
oe : me! a ae
~ BL) “aw
a : wh
— @ |

ee ie e SORTER? 8

ma Hah S i (asses sinh a
o~ Pe eae ae
Wt ea PLL we 7 mate ; 5
E0134 AWS OINTS lqeh by oH a
moh NO TV ee Avey ate) wren sew | oabeos
sas ue: ROD. 2 ayy wh eet seh way Tn eainons _
_ | 7 ~ We “Nd eve a Ra it te, yeral ev ;
walls Wed etsecre Gat “at of oiled gilt ane dee ine tens ities
id and oral tid wrdhectEay Hs ; Moameey Shall ari 40 ret,
r, ; 4 2 al ae ian Wey aye ee ee ie et
| a he or ; it ae Re vies tt Boe reeves — =
taka caida dels. oe + “aS :
i ep Pe) hoi m (iy Veneely, st 4, % jis aa Th Pete
wd, aden, 2" 1 | >: nar TE SERS sonny +S vd Gita
Pe ee sida bo welds aviv 0 igh bite sans is
tle doe? ror Ce a jaya cievite shvslten re
out jy as Cy ere ee wens ‘paar ae sac 1
fil oh ky ages: 54cUes (| Ven, sega inn tous sane sii i
apa! we} Ate a vik sat il K nol “apy “(tis rat a! # cotter, (h
Fwy Wide tied e, cee) tO hfe Sas Biot APSE, « Fay ee WME fi
Lay ee Vref toa vt Savi ust aA co
en hae ia i was 'p altawenaa A sat nie dlvowul falc bie
fy wl cued (A b selina tice ab kt Fie ‘yoieaat Tat aati witisg
if N oAehicks ts oben wry » ean yl) thy ite ail aC ose gti fivion |
peepee So sive’ Maat hay aap cool stat! ib ailt [ike loot UisRS FL a
Care. teil! TAR ae yes watts om folgtr Stdiborgay | :
Adal pees) | SOA AN i ee daplomd at Ep ws oulte
bya ell Fe t hice at ta 29h feat HG abi 9
= Sipicl Peake Dive mi Ree i “augur His fosters 4 ot oaty sus
byi i Al aby ney eg Ain cag i at che saeefacstivn ROPER GES <0
tal: ah et DOES OR hed he vinot be ttgintioncess3 |

ETAT GS ‘oe 5 | ie 7 aftadh Dy ea

i trek, PP CO EE it} Yay) Toh oe ad? cosittw aflaia
Nad Te lr iti weal EQ TAhOt mul Na

Be Aar se &

i
“a : ye ‘
fie 3

'
7 .
; rn iy
: wy
Ms pike
cart . ‘
‘ 4
( aes a
a P
i
fe
‘ 1% ¥
" Lb
8 7 Bits

ae Boas _
Subs i=

ing ye
' Fable OE
4 Pees)»
4 Ue
a j J P a

7 Vs
ot) 2
: € a *
a
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74
i : 4

it

*: ;
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Fi
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>. : #

(09:

PSITTACUS viridissimus,

Green Parrot.

GENERIC CHARACTER.—See Pl. 1.

Speciric CHARACTER,

P. pallide viridis ; pennis infra nitide thalassinis ; tegminum, remigum,
scapulariumque marginibus flavescentibus ; lined ante-oculari flavd ;
rectricium basi rubra.

Pale green, quills beneath changeable sea-green; wing covers,
quills and scapulars margined with yellowish; before the eye
a yellow line; base of the tail feathers red.

I ———

Tue uniform green which pervades the plumage of this
Parrot, induces me to think it may, possibly, be the female
of some other species; a few pale red feathers, close.to the
axilla, and the faint red on the tail feathers, appear to
strengthen this supposition. Among those species which
are recorded, this approaches nearest to Latham’s Green
Parrakeet; but the figure this writer quotes, (Pl. Enl. 837.)
is at variance both with his description, and with the bird
now before us; it may, therefore, be considered as unde-
scribed.

Total length nine inches; bill pale; upper mandible three-
quarters of an inch long, the margin undulated. The whole
plumage is of a beautiful and delicate green, darkest above ;
with a tinge of blue on the crown, spurious wings, and
greater quills; the orbits are naked, between which and the
eye is a blackish line, bordered above by another of pure
yellow; all the wing covers and quills are margined with
yellowish. The colour of the inferior side of the quills is a
pale but beautiful blue green, reflecting brighter tints of the
same colour, when held in certain lights ; the under side of
the tail has likewise these reflections, but above is yellowish,
with a dusky red spot at the base of each lateral feather:
under the wings there are three or four dull red feathers ;
feet pale.

This bird is in my own collection, and is the only one I
have as yet seen; neither am I acquainted with its native

country.
Pl. 155.

Ne

a

i aiid ol: ashe | Bra iil +“ Aihod honda Pd ac has ath ewe =

5 Gin f “(gi ih Onn. rr os ‘Oy vite 7 ‘ant Nes aM OTe

ana f oar ae Fai +6 5 4 abi he vn : Hn 7 oe uf tari eT dud ploy

WG »
> 7 7 He , = P, [
; f ¢ Vis 9 =

; te :
y > pe :
7 e& can -
i pull
Ja, ~ ee ram} u
ny if ' - a

- 1 <!
4 { 7 ion

4,
as it dolibiast dikes ails te tale foal oe "9 aed
es a mana oy og as ere

" a nee af pia vi st ‘ag aa
vais wy Suis ti, ite ry i sus . lo id o, ieee “msQhiane ah, Nie

) Ck 38 hy yr ig

asain a te 4 Th ene T
2 algae 188 we ae

eat : rb Pag. Se i
: , : be bad : ~~
alt of a BES. aN wAB hace, ~ ea
f = ; m elie annie pt : :
_ > <4 ' a Va 2 eae uty “yi Ma *¥) ae a Re , . ?
; J , seg | : yiNvilier ada

re | sey wk? self uagtnte, avy? coc 4 ai
aa ay rd bru 0 ie a “Sey Tio ara AT a

— nn

a HVE a P Sheath ph i, Laing? Pian, Adeaseps, ulliup., ety ated

ou

4 oo i ty ry
vhost gilt el ae J Loe ana i Abi Hg fi A ea rect yet” ‘We ee f ;

eth wy! eat AVetl4i aie Hah hg A ‘att e Percy ye pani, sino tio
‘hihe ‘tras wns a oh hat, 4 dugisit® ait ‘hus, Ariza ne

j

dour en a ut tisha Ae! sang ae “au _asiigatits - 4
(73-6 wi" te eK bi ts: bie fr! nh, ao ays ered: ‘dit shoo Bs a
ae aan aditad pigoaqee ae 4

CUB ACA ie ; a Migr it
ie Fri yi ry Whee a ing ti \h iY *0 “sii war ? iy it Quay 2) ai = :
Boies sa Us si i b made F Tt hes a i. 7 Bit “aac. WOR -

or a roay i. A es ae 7

; aii “i ; aia Ara ag ' ain oil tiigir at tke os
+ = wh a $483 fr * ane nihil ’ in Bie, t \: Naipes ae rat aia

Tits agate Fil 1 Liege, Te Oye a cs cg Py ssid? ‘ty? egnts” ia Arty a . i

Lay iy eh coud on J ag ay. bet feu keane qs ath ae ae

hind) ae ;

v7

—o

nate rs batligtcos wig Al! Wiad ital aT eer ly wot d
hye’ a ae
oil) Ww 3h 2) Aural cee yh Cates pat Bei poling” i

LF se

SB At atin,

alba 14d tips <% of. h ws oh a i at we eh fait itt ite. ete sine
a dannulisy ek eto iu f Aenea yates Pay ies Veo Haease Ld dtd
Wii Ahan ae daa VG vive oe ete Wwe i hyn hy wt (feuh e dhin
pad ish ha Slee Pe bd yiahe aQaeee agy Vt | am
0. a en of 7 We y * See sslines teal,

a ANH yiag odt “VE bad oobi eling “in Hy, (in ae ‘Bt baie! igh
; iat: aye Th Syirbtepoa 7 108.) Ati Hi + ae py ar oy gd ?
ace =

: | : = 7 ; . : 7 Retest

">
ie

ne

-p
456.

’ : &
hae bait. ;
aie be panied

7 Late
+ Pe .
eaten ] iv
i i

on ny inte “ef hyisely EN iJ ath) ety eee nt
be Cage, Riek vestoas Hits cf Ted x pate
bg Be the ra ep my athe eb... ’ oe hae y
¥ cata ry Pres. ie ik i ot FP ‘oun ai
A T9s Hut whiting jorvents Pa vip, 11:

ee Saal Gest eral Gir cite swt fat.

att fpinl fedthiey ; wer ceoet ih ;
Ftd rfid the +hie? cy e hd x |

seer Dro” Loy a 4ly > an j 4
bas ies eee as"

it 7a feltvwee E

i

a jag
jena ‘

FRINGILLA oryzivora,
Paddy bird, Rice bird, or Java Sparrow.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Rostrum breve, validum, crassum, rectum, conicum ; mandibule supe-
rioris gibbe apice vix infiexo, integro; culminis convexr bast
angulatd. Nares basales, rotunda, pone culminis basin posite,
plumulis vix obtecte. Pedes sedentes. Ale breves.

Bill short, strong, thick, straight, conic; upper mandible swelled,
the tip slightly inflexed, entire; culmine convex, the base
angulated. Nostrils basal, round, placed behind the base of
the culmine, and partially covered by the frontal feathers.
Feet sitting. Wings short.

Generic Types. Lore Javensis, Braziana. Emberiza principalis,
cicris. Tanagria cerulea, &c. (Temminck.)

SprecrFic CHARACTER.
F. cana; capite cauddque nigris ; rostro rubro ; crisso roseo-albente ;
auribus (in maribus) nivers.
Lead-coloured; head and tail black; bill red; belly obscure rosy ;
ears (in the male) snowy.

Loxia oryzivora. Gm. 1.,302. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.380. Gen. Zool. 9.
2. 316. Brisson, 1. 374. 7.

Java Grosbeak. Lath, Syn. 3.129. Supp. 151. Gen. Zool. 9. 316.
pl. 51.

es ae SR

Tuts elegant bird has been so distorted, in the representa-
tions given of it by the older ornithologists, that little
apology is thought necessary for introducing more accurate
figures of both sexes in this publication. It is said to inhabit
the Cape and various parts of India, causing much damage
to the rice plantations, and is frequently brought to this
country alive. The figure is of the size of life, the bill bright
red, but whitish towards the tip; it is very strong, thickened
round the basal margins, and forms a sharp angle between
the frontal feathers: the nostrils are small, round, and placed
behind the thick margin of the bill, and not on its outer
surface. Legs flesh-coloured; the orbits are said to be red
in the live bird.

I have followed the example of Illiger and Temminck in
uniting the greatest part of the Linnean Loxie and Fringille
under the latter genus, retaining only the Cross-bills under
the former.

Pl. 156.

. i
a"

| et 40 YiNYIOs eae ce . :
. -aorvwages wal 0. Ais ait “vid eins | eal

| . ee. > ay

| ear ongne) 31g3 4213 AS

; “IGN, sad chap, 5 ee WAS ite rs “4 Sees ve -tsooilng oN ni Hrdag hh i 5.
Foo Mo rwiys auaAly won aves, | ia Sih, nds Ayes, ih) ed

xh
: (nia, avian aiarbenton Sieh sohbet $9) end Mn | ‘desl

re a\h. | BAIR war, tosloa"k- avila ieotipy pinnate -
iboilama aldibyeane 1 39 roma supa tp tgidti, ae” teede Iie "
aad? ‘od eave? nitude: aD Tne yovyeuahl ys ‘ehotgtlip Gu sath: Brean.

4% aged. ott fividod Dovey a0 ia ack Aline Sateleuaa. ts
ae letnoat gt -y vit ki T31Q9 lags 300 Beeps prance he Sas ae
BS) ee Wi ‘gen hag Te
al | nga: VAAL, rhea Syeda aye pong ae
; Cot 36 cigpiut9) Tite ae, cyan Sni3)

uM [ 7 Ss ae a ‘i p art eel ~

~AD rey: ch ee Piers Ate

a Ak i, o he
oo Dae WEIS OBR) ida AEE gt A vat, i) speetnnns ae Va) eas es eee. N
: ‘he wii Tie ; re Guna ee IM per tig ; 2 f ake
yoo ipgade ziisd" hod HEB” pales nid lias fatPrbaa st a ywi'o gtidatdt ie
/ oe ae . #4 ee. Wg gs ae ith) 21a ra
RTT, 08S . RRs a ete Be fo AR. an
7, dk ee , ey L ey Mis SS
PHB.) Nua ves) ol OT fy sie’ cont rs nate Aas Aedaos axal .
A vi, FA OF t ‘ ; i. ’ ite ane
ee, ane “ok reg rim ae ie ” a

7, et void ii bore RAF Che natal 4 asl ine diate ae
Mh sisian Latte arab hiv siuetay bla aged £8 to. natty augir.. 7= §
itensoonhy ote A xcisulental ah eissegoeu Jdguadt oF yaologe : |
Sed ce OF hikes 2 PT ob OS ia ys Jukoag wend fie nage riod Aw, fee Pr neha

E> i guts b tose, “atsteashat Nat nikni I 10 3 THY agraigay bse? aafh.* 4 “a
ait is Ot be Talend, Varo oulpiysh . at Feast ast ouushiclys oort, att Ota ‘ J
riky: 4 i Med ft, subj ate yet ah iG at 14533 ih agi b athe quaHoD 4 rau sg
Dy ital: idl be. 26004 LSA yet eh a wat bal braun) destudy dod, U4 i ; “i

fso.ndad olan ‘pada. & pate has BOL HAL franc ott barot 9. a
beoalg hare ~BtUio" J hgicird: aap RuMdaoss sil), ; radsant woot sat.
wuo oh ay $48 huge: dh auth te | atmines lotilt oe), Syeited *
Beat, ad os Hiss, ae ” aii, ad) : : banoolo snl, agent santas ;
Pie | bevel ae Ey
at bi siecle hae demtids ho siqunay oi! hewaolfot ovetedad
sph yexei Pie | har ax: of IPE i ot} Ye Peng hag inaty va Bea
valocist : lid-eaor 3 oad: ‘efo > acini ot agen vessel orl ae
ram # ni ""
rt ey

th tay 4 i i
‘ Uy f i i
yl
4 « %
i S1Le ‘
i rf ~ ”) a
a hat GAyp ‘ J J
ee in j ' a

+
Ue pa

i re
PO LIM iy i, kiee
ne th ae G

cea nie sendin’ Sree.)
“ ‘esis aa get 28 he hia
<r pbartl ie Way. th rectal (Wes eae ah wel

arp ee | { f ~ 7.7) ‘
pe | Cee Hf
; i ~) »
7 5
: >
ae te
mncpnahhe ‘ ;
“ 4
9
= ”
oi
ts Dla g raze Ahan Ms 9 thea a * » ;
7 ~ ~

ioe ale vital ire Oo ob, c z
ambitions | ars; -

li) ; a a
cr Le Snes ge Ti
ery er hunk wean wi
Vy .

ig at Wf ti é rier’. e
Qiva st 3 eT + Bp Wet
f i 7 hs 7 s

aes ah ae oe

1. ae?
a u

5 7

AMPULLARIA eifusa,
Ribbon Apple Snail.— Middle figures.

Generic Cuaracter.—See Pl, 103.

SPeciFIC CHARACTER.
A. testd globosd, levi, fasciis purpureo-fuscis cinctd; spird depressé,
_apice prominente ; apertura angustd ; umbilico magno, profundo ;
columella obsoletd.

Shell globose, smooth, with purple brown bands; spire depressed,
the tip prominent; aperture narrow; umbilicus large, deep;
pillar obsolete.

Helix glauca. Linn. Dillw. 918. Helix ampullucea, (var. ¥) Gmelin,
3626. Bulimus effusus. Brug. p. 296. No. 1.

Taster, 129. 29. Seba, tab. 38. f. 39. tab. 40. fi 3. 4. 5. (optime.)
Martini, 9. tab. 129. f. 1144-5. Knorr, 4. tab. 5. f. 3.

EEE

T concur with Mr. Dillwyn in believing that this shell is
the Helix glauca of Linneus; but, as it is now removed to
another genus, I think no real advantage would result from
continuing its original specific name; particularly as the
identity may be questioned by others, without a chance of
the question ever being settled: the adoption of the specific
names given to species slightly or incorrectly described by
the older naturalists, inevitably tends to increase the original
obscurity, in all cases where the point cannot be cleared up.
A. effusa may be distinguished from all others by the colu-
mella being nearly obsolete; this part existing only in the
two terminal whorls of the spire. This species therefore
forms a transition to the Planorbes: there is a variety, with
narrower stripes, double the size of that here figured.

EEE

AMPULLARIA luteostoma,
Yellow-mouthed Apple Snail.

A, testd globosd, striatd, olivaced, lineis remotis fuscis fasciatd ; spird
levatd, apice acuto; aperturd effusd intus marginatd ; umbilico
magno.

Shell globose, striated, olive, with remote transverse brown lines,

spire elevated, the tip acute; aperture wide, within margined ;
umbilicus large.

Tue unbilicus of this shell is not so deep as the last, but
is larger than in any other known species ; the columella is
likewise perfect, and the aperture is wider and more oblique
than in_ A, effusa.

Pi, 157.

: ay AIK Al UMA
chat alyeh. nods: is

LL 14 GNA sees wep ee 7) ao otrnnae
f j pre a: mn oud P d
. TO bane : era rte a
~ daar Mi! Wyn 1a a viv: sire) cy en i vidual aM jetty omy cw a.
fi. nipaeity Me pest vibe zi npeas Bw Moga. SERDMeiart eh eee
j haan iF wae : Mt At vay Whoeehed i - io

jlevaeai qatr wxiuge gj wbrivmel tweed abepisng vlhine dior “saerchubay pe
fequrnds pawl airdiliieaite 7 WUTENN SeuUI Taye « Hema celernen ity fit alice

7 . uA | _wtelosdo mali” =

hoes) Le en ssa lg yen xh inl Ale Prat NURS. ROE sail xilott )

; al 0h, URS e: wordt aun abril Se |

(Syctteu) Oe BOR AW GEN ‘7 Say obits i986 Oe OS! yon? ? |

HN, 0 Say + aed BPMEN, CGE sph 2 a » dural: ze

DA <1 at AEE GA Nn Im Ne : -4

at ‘Maia pidy dodt gird ak cywlliG “AN6 thin asonaed =a
s havomrr wear eh fy ae sd; -asegeaigy th 10 poaly TSH ody

4 ne — ort Elgdve ots Ane hun bayer On. did 1 AEBSS “aorta |
Gai an’ ybralins rocy 3 aut 9A pRa. Maange “adr qihwnitaos ra 3
hs totiias wy hid i tiey “atts hI. vk berated ad ysur Cito z
‘giigana si) ho “ine iat vine Schd pauline uisod 1399 nowagny ald =

‘yd hiaditaash yltoariiat ns eladyile esiciaqa. of raviy saute
Rrraive asl} cas yioutligd abuts) vidutivant ateilovusem isto. oi 9
ot hotaal> adh togued tuioq arb avaidve edaay Heit ivagado ;
~ilus od} yd adto Me mot Oedaiagaiteth od year pak SR. |
Bre> ae “glino. paitizs. {eu ant; eloade. qhuan ynisd’ allem |
arctyads: asaya aitT siqa of To elvodyr Lantgtted GAP ~~ an
ny im OEY AM Boi - aphccrn ah aft of ao itianatt a aatvot |
| Jbinugit 9 iid Wo ania odd sldyob paar iewgyes a :
oy Se ‘
&

—_ Riise |
'-gtwormnSshok JN TRA Li See be
«A woe, SG «A hyadiaoue- Oe 4

——ee are | aay

a wo indudl x nope, een ayintediadily pik &
ae Ni att HA IAY Saw Rawr Us oh hee pent
noel ieee swiavertieay St wat ebive ‘vile, bsiaitta, pee Wiad
fe f Veta Tish a pista bib nv Gh csg yi sit , hreatevil ote ent .
hee oad ousiticdy

3 rf eel add ey yoo b 44 sani Bi tista Hid) ‘Wy shila est ak
why sions a 4d0-; esipoga iiwadd) joi ye a weit teurel RF
ST STO bri +h vg Wea rus Use ad} hry Joaee oe WeOdit

we. ai aed
, wer

PINNA -bullata, (var.
Rufous Pinna.

Generic CHARACTER.

Testa longitudinalis, cuneiformis, equivalvis, apice hians, bast acuta ;
natibus rectis. Cardo lateralis, edentulus. Ligamentum marginale,
lineare, preelongum subinternum.—Lamarck, Sys. vol. vi. p. i.
p. 129

Shell longitudinal, wedge-shaped, equivalve, the valves gaping ;
the umbones straight, pointed. Hinge lateral, without teeth.
Ligament marginal, linear, very long, subinternal.

Generic Types. Pinne rudis. Pectinata. Muricata. Linn. Pennant, &c.

Speciric CHARACTER.

P. testa tenui, pellucida, rufa, equilaterd, striis remotis, sulcatis, trans-
versim squamiferis, subspinosis ; marginibus lateralibus rectis ;
margine inferiore oblique truncato.

Shell thin, pellucid, rufous, equilateral, with remote sulcated striz,
crossed by transverse scales and obtuse spines ; lateral margins
straight; inferior margin obliquely truncate.

P. bullata. Gmelin, p. 3367. Gualt. tab. 79. f. c. Chemnitz. 8. tab. 87.
J. 769. Knorr, 2. 23. f. 1.

P. marginata. Lam. Sys. 6. p. 132.7.

T wave little doubt that this shell is a smooth variety
of the Pinna bullata of Gmelin, and the P. marginata of
Lamarck ; both these authors refer to the same figure in
Gualtieri, but both also have overlooked that of Chemnitz,
above quoted, as well as Knorr’s, which latter, although it
represents the shell nearly smooth (similar to that here
figured), I apprehend is only a variety. No doubt therefore
having existed as to Gmelin’s bul/ata, M. Lamarck had no
plea for altering its specific name to marginata. I have con-
sequently recorded it under Gmelin’s name.

The Pinne are rather numerous, although many of the
species remain in obscurity; they attach themselves to rocks,
deep in the sea, by a silky byssus. It has been commonly
stated, that gloves and stockings are fabricated im the Medi-
terranean from this byssus, as articles of commerce; such,
however, is not now the case; though articles, so fabricated,
are sometimes shown in Naples and Sicily as subjects of
curiosity.

Pinna bullata is, I believe, found in the West Indies. The
vaulted spires on this and other species, easily fall off; and
become, therefore, a very uncertain specific character.

Pl, 158,

vw!) 6p eee ¥ i a ae ae aoe tj
: < Sr at hi / : - ees | ‘ fy uw 4 q : Hy
‘i a a he i ANS) adel i ks ,
i at 1 iirahs if ony, 1 ia
- f i , 7 + ser eeensermens Le yt io) kn :
| 1 j ' 7 we tat i ; ; :
oa MEPRELOOU ee LGUs) :
ie n 1 7 + us = ta io a %
a. he v ah, iarele "8 ise ae ving rane A) Te yew aly be ai ‘on 7

it. \antwiuskie diva ab ele .W yA at nha ary | | ee
>) a ae Meter! ry poe phil i i 2) ‘ Aaa, Pong 7 _.
¥ ¥ : s ; 7 il : “i : Web ‘af AL 7

a ec: Pace Fonihuidigie f (oe

i (eestay Puy ee g doe ele

bees ts e - P o_ vit 4 it
: why 71 -pereiyi ye Jo f ; pagar rh” ai } wd Te. 7 ‘ ry,
oH } i fd wis oF mw f yi CALL n ” iF hoa tueese ” a vo ls
et ov 5 : a a weedy sing ve aaa
th ht were - 7 ar i” plana we niayy | cae 1
7 \ on a ft . ser :
» fi 4 ; rc alt tall a, J —s— : 2 a
: Wares sa 5 PAI » te) a ee
y i : a ve ———
: 7 { a aA Oey. he oe be
Pan) HANS 4 a SM ae or? Ts. h wav js} id a ta :
: " ae iia Moyet wii Ab x rit v a a oh anne 2: a ; ;
bel i oon foe 7 : in uf Ky bares es 7 — |
a hala) » teal 4 Sais ; ik, x Aan si lien he mis 4 ie A, a fault finde } nt ae
f NM ; f |
mt wine nar ary i be ane, ' ry .
* - al id ayy a" i Tigtarial . “aa ; a
Saal he 4 cy 7 F ,
VS Bei Nic ea AA ey ee Uae ifmdden | yl ‘i a
re? ch Ves a : ;

~e hae 3 r a 4 is
ri ays Os th le I ue i”
- S
4

it a ; :
. : i . “ox, aise Pe toe ee ,
7 = 7 >

a ae a Be

¥ a /
- 7 > ; : 4 ri ‘ : = §
=e ‘ : Ay ja i padi rdatis))) few ‘ he wis he hat ae , ca are ” YAS V R

Wy. Sbpiawiw.. "4h, 30% be lone AG gk mani’ :

oe i, ay! 5 are mh ing ‘ wplay ee “ 14a y Lyeye ' 7 eine as =
Wii ‘bans NF 1, prt Hod ate ead, dling Ra Pi ting li piselents
a; oat i A Utell , riya an. He Raat, dro, @ nae: a a
i ae pinion) avigi vite, sees ey, Ae seadnragst ;
jehiveaty: Th Ae DALE | , lng wi Datta atte ‘hs Csr gee — ie

‘meta! TPE, aah Ani f ‘a bite GP aM Watarge: <a eae =o
fie Snel doy Vs ash | hae a» af rel yay oli) . a
eee ss sah (9 Riyaor vitaagpse
ai To yee bya he: moyen Baan mage e* if ;
Mane: if ites wth yl it: “end <Uiogone mother ie ay Pe i
aura oy Wy ben. dk 2 aie Ria Racy quan ns by
«ie i! yi a) bop eee aie Pe Pies: pu MEEI ~
tM a i Q: eo tee? 7 a afi om wy me! it u es VPRO a
| ibuigwial +e eigen at a ig a pat > saftle and ina vies wot! |
we 3) Aste Ag Aira But » ye 4 i ‘af As a tart ‘ ipathioe tle ’
Vs . nay a | ¢ /eg Vn ,

7 V1, ove NaN ily aii MOE Ie ah { a ag 4 Tl cart | ‘ae
lupe Hs tg wihaus Pus aya i wnt Ne atits yee 2% qe holt Ny 4
* wahgatidts ifin-rtye tidy nad 5 \ ip.a% yw aii Jaaoneds my |

hy ' ‘ik ; i \ Lae

, : we i

ees a) |

4 Pn Gt Se
: ee | a
| ’ : ”

169

“ae Pebtte: a

Teculds ni

ee
_ ae
- «

x
a

a. fe

ay x arte a ie at ot rank - ie ¥ eof
. i D ~ + , 7 i +
E . Bex sarod, c ¥ Maney. Mt: se F ra
Sore pe ee «Aes ;
oe bad Bi Get a seGAXa)
Py ot erir ry G2 " F9 Late ary

m i ee. the’ tis re _—* Ty re, J i gti spa
dirayn ot al ter hut voltagc’
: ri tite, me OF O Se Oy. REL pen:
M5 FOS“ oy ents pet ys "
isdt hana.’ shay TN |
ae, a a? & **.
en Tay Drofiismn a! rod’ 5 # 3

So. gee ae tai = :
fim diraparcha C .-ri. |

TABOFEGK ON Vis uit

ie allctress.

SATYRUS argenteus.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antenne mediocres, clavo elongato, gracili. Palpi porrecti, compressi,
vin recurvz, remoti, pilis ciliatis, longis, hirsutissimi ; articulo
ultimo elongato, nudo, gracili, acuto. Ala postice orbiculares,

* integre, raro dentate.

Antenne moderate, the club lengthened and slender. Palpi por-
rected, compressed, slightly recurved, remote, with long ciliated
hairs; the last joints long, naked, slender, acute. Posterior
wings orbicular, entire, rarely dentated.

Generic Types. Pap. Hyperanthus, Galathea, Semele, &c. Lin.

Speciric CHARACTER.

S. alis fuscis; posticarum disco supra flavescente, maculis 2 fuscis
fucato, infra albente, margine postico fulvo, maculis 2 atris gut-
tisque 7-8 argenteis ornato.

Wings brown; posterior above with a yellowish disk and two brown

spots, beneath whitish, the hind margin fulvous, with two
black spots and 7-8 silver dots.

EE

Wirnovt being ornamented by rich or vivid colouring,
this is, nevertheless, one of the most chastely beautiful little
butterflies found in Brazil. I met with it very plentifully in
a small wood not far distant from Cashoera, on the western
extremity of St. Salvador’s bay: to this particular spot it
seemed confined, for I never saw a single specimen in any
other part of Brazil.

No colouring can imitate the richness of the silvery spots
on the under wings, which appear embossed, or as if solid
drops of silver had fallen on the insect when it first emerged
into life. The two sexes are perfectly similar.

The insects of this genus are usually brown, with dark or
paler shadings, and eye-like spots on their upper or under
wings. They principally inhabit the woods of tropical regions,
and the hedge sides and lanes of European countries ; this
circumstance probably induced Latreille to change their name
from Hipparchia (Fabricius) to Satyrus; which, although an
innovation on the rules of nomenclature, may in this instance
be allowed.

Pl, 159.

ae

dpspaay i” ‘Soy iin anh cist oho = trie bus: otras Mhaeiibis Ba,

werd Gap bor Heit deiwaliny vik wads ‘tnitaleog 4 wwoid ee
‘ooek dh " nov wearer, Watt’ ‘vorkt, | ekleitishr Hasned” le

Sal aR Gy yal lt ST eae rl Te, AA voto.

i's: eye 6 2 acini oth, yorkie nf, AM sued ‘Grier eakengt

“¥etf, G) wisn qe Slate 6 Wee Tetoaeh tT bao a + “ho sapga

- 1 &s we hosnndenny ua ths. ry “dota agare soba oul) hits

+ SSnG Ie in ae {) ni Yau "isbslo noua d ly aotes ol) noperongs

.

causitogye @ od fl % Ts. 2 tee
eat eh Oe ' oe na PAs AO, eon mee cere) or
: erates nara inhw't Pinihig “WBS A ceM)y | astooae sideluk: a

Sats 4 Aw vane Aigo ata nil Tome Reyne aan Ce 2

Soin hha Pray sega: %

aba ight: nooks bag bicatie ail dois oft sterobom seasiaA | 5 Ge)
Tastarthe save i atid bapingor yhligi he | badeerse Hien hetoey 0/ ata
wie dinse rohuvie Ordon “siti eet of Sto ol) 2 efTAR | 5) er
estpdniats y /iviet syed ekuakhio eaetw! 5 yl) Ue
eee | ee eS = ee
ARE esta uh lye enh qu cay ia oinamat a ee

as Pe ae “sree tJ iene! 7 gh ie! WT ae -

MW, & dhaduwt sino i'rol, dyeqive weep Aaaaae “domi aw kA

’ an skin a wish woue 8. Tsong

whit tyelta, 8 - Ny bas atoge dda

ue ‘

et neem site

mK | | ye
‘Oxtrt wolas fiteie die pel f ALP CELAIETO aalaea ftuondr

waiiait bale donde’ rfosn wis. haces font ae hiaih pe inlodtisi9e cat ly =?

vi sptlaltiwvalg ivy i slviw yor) SehS ant bavot asiftratiad
isatawn ont fed RIO dae a ces Souter. pe $96 hoow ‘face’ ft

Se

H sage salodisiad sidd oy :¥AS sad ohas Age (NE Ny vtimerdae

i

Atigu vyusife Tae to axarisiv a4) ai esti MRD 2aP “idlos: oh i

hegvotts dasit th ndilye fosadt-odi.co wéliphed terhieto sont
nae tahini pitted sia, mote ows ail. .stit otis
o Aomt Ative i word gbfatsaet SLA Arras wid Ma “wage att”
ahoayit 10 qq 4, Wadd. ao eines oneas hreta ayaibeda saleg
aoryrt ldiget W ating ded iid shai Ylaqi coat CaibP, cata |
ish ; wainienOD Hoon We, dxeat Pap Babia vabod oth bas
Susy is pihy Sitesi wt al lieth J hs: ay baits 4) LFndorg sod evans:
ies) ehyysvcr th3 Hoistve mveyiah ob (oubaidaee “siege icy) a

5 cbowolls ed
RA my

ari os eee aie nee eT

/O0

‘i ww 7 _ - a oy
Bs aa ai ) LA
¥ 1 ise © - ‘ a, , @
Woke, yA ra a ie
o<¥ rma he et Py
, 7 ‘ uh 4 os ‘ ‘
BD o>. 4
ine ¥ . > @ haw Er epee pense 2p ee
- 7 ’ :
— _ hd
Zi OF sa y ae od
- te ap) Act G's }
i es
, i %
» e in
7 —ai = —
ee hb ,
" 4 SS pe ven ; :

oa, SHEE ttn ee 7 ite: ree
I ; Dien irik, ain Sal: git Ht ASS
wiley pre oar : pron i eae 353

Fei : Shall inte worried aa, picky i

, ' «
; 4 >
5 ae © hug ‘ ae i Se ‘
7 ide ; ‘
' iavny ainvdorn ‘

ee | ghee Re pe Ae. nadie
SAN Saati Why ser, ohioet
Se tee Bedtie) with. Gidaced}

ii at Ta hornl co : ‘17 Tay"
bd = ‘ - + >

.

2 fos comttinet tha, wes darks

= : 7a :

ne ae trae ls a ° Po ee ' ed

: shiz 2 : ae ete, ee AE WS PT F216 rah by

. wy iy a ] 4 i . vw
bivalve, wiatldg cbt Vai “the nonieuts

ee .

re) Bertke i) Sekai cee: Sosy ale CRie a

‘ eA ‘ : “i pon
it. toMrGiit, «Att -ahel ig ile tis
1) Peon Bye jopez al Nee Sune Be

on neti poventaen ae RS, wtih (al
om. Mat ok. wolnksa: sani cop tse
3 * Rivard: a ‘aia ip —~ ate 27bee clin,
: ease thar, ST NT ae
Sith. of ach, btul ane
wy a at Be Ost »<
7 Diy, Wats ULiE oy, «cl : . 4
. de betwibts Obs aa D>
potaciemn ge: niertlitis) Ley
lL kave sere) aul ar | =
se pegiict ore ahi, vi
end iy : - sored ;

fim

} i ¥

4

ANODON purpurascens,
Purple Anodon, or Horse Mussel.

GENERIC CHARACTER. — See Pl. 96.

SprEcIFIcC CHARACTER.

A. testd transversim oblongd, crassd, depressd, intus purpurascente,
lamind cardinal crassd, truncatd, dente lamellari in utrdque valoda
supposito ; umbonibus retusis.

Shell transversely oblong, thick, depressed, within purple; hinge
plate thick, truncate, with an obsolete lamellar tooth in each
valve; umbones retuse.

ee TE

Tus is an entirely new and very rare shell, remarkable for
its shape and internal colour; it is also highly interesting,
as exhibiting the generic characters of Anodon, blended (in
some degree) with those of Unio: according to the principles
of Lamarck, it might therefore be made into a genus; but
I feel convinced too much importance has already been
attached by that naturalist and his followers to the hinge of
bivalve shells; and that the nomenclature of the science is
burthened with genera, trivial in themselves, bewildering to
the scientific, and unintelligible to the student.

From having paid some attention to the Fluviatile Bivalves,
and possessing a most extensive collection of specimens, I
am clearly of opinion that no permanent characters will be
found suflicient to retain either the genera Dipsas (Leach),
Hyria (Lamarck), or Alasmodonta of Say, much less that of
Damaris (Leach), and another, whose name I forget, made
by Dr. Turton from the same shell as Leach’s Damaris, viz.
Mya Margaritifera of Linneus. In fact, the line of demarca-
tion between Unio and Anodon appears to rest on the first
possessing cardinal teeth, and the latter having none.

I have several valves (in different stages of growth), and
one perfect specimen of this shell; they were sent to me
from the back settlements of North America.

Pl. 160.

é

?
1
EPs
‘
ec
=
ay
,
g a
no hth ,
n x +
Ware 4 a)
a> er, b]
y Mtg NE i
‘
ae Qt ize

\

hronins 5,

P :
= ae
7 i
é " cy 7 4 a
ae, e,
id 4 aM thet: Vi Aeon
' ad " as ie : ¢
A 7 i.
4 Ot, in 7; rk Perr
7 f Vy cre At A i om t hy Sat a vey %
'
! - — : r
a os DTC Trane ve ed aey Re cme
m
i + oe
1% sy* we 7 \
i a t Tt a og SOSA HW URAC AS aoe ¥ 2) ie
= * — a
me 7 7 + ; -
LER A ee Paine se: ee 7
tad : F : . ies Z & os
hn Helaolly Hue silt ea “WA, be
igh , sigh ore HS Oe Pa sat bye a ti m sth Saisie a
; id Wu Le ut Romar: oe ay he
Ry aul Pere err nts
Ntiwael ad Rey yn sh yrae ob sae Sinks, :
7
: * des RIO SOEs y
= y rm \ it q ee :
— AR LIAL Fe aa eit = ern. aN re

ileal he
i hlia apna AP ave
Le ura eis ee
i Coyreuh sha
ovary el ty

oe eater) aorey T

a Choa ae Oe
cd ee
ian haiti BrP iis baa boi tin

eee od2ynkil fire. niteaatiy gelipnd
‘] ver vitrg shy Deatod tend
| iss Has re ih nk oily.
i a | rh we Ste ney ws vive af wi otk
iat BO fe Qiinasneog bara
etn) foe Abie Sinviaiga te » Lo ahuiiols tun
| i at oh dhetoride Rigi
phi io Catered) eetyit.

¢

a

dagia!l Dame oboe teiliae be a3 sf Enh) peas |

ned ah Hede § rae aed! mgt ody T Ah ed
steel BOS 2480 thd wi anid Wo ae tis riaeiaMt pet ©
ent Os aye me crits ond’ Biam ‘onal ‘emhee tos?

it alh flee’ tao} titan ia oa
sia a) niy sat lie tetova ovat I
yoilt.; ots’ eld to aaniieqe Saha ens,
nappa dah Li atersinintiing Mond odtscnort
4 er) £1 |

a a

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lol

VOLUTA punctata,
Red-dotted Volute.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Testa ovata. Spira aperturd brevior, apice papillari. Basis truncata,
emarginata. Columella plicata, plicis inferioribus majoribus.
Shell ovate. Spire shorter than the aperture, the tip papillary.
Base truncated, emarginate. Pillar plaited, the inferior plaits

generally largest.

Generic Types. Volute Olla, Imperialis, Pacifica, §c.

Spreciric CHARACTER.
V. testd ovatd, subfusiformi, tuberculatd, pallidé rubelld, fasciis 2 macu-
latis, rubris, punctis minutis interstinctes ; columella 4 plicatd.
Shell ovate, subfusiform, tuberculated, flesh-coloured, with two
bands of red spots interspersed with minute dots; pillar 4
plaited.

a ae

In “ Exotic Conchology,” I have commenced, and intend
to complete, a copious illustration of this noble family of
shells; which (if the simile be admissible) may be termed
the nobles of testaceous animals, with as much truth as
Linnzus has called Palms the princes of the vegetable world.
The Volutes, indeed, are imposing shells; both from their
size, rarity, and their rich (but not gaudy) colouring ; and it
is not improbable that the value of a choice collection of
the principal species, would be equal to their own weight
in solid gold.

The species now under consideration is only known from
an injured specimen in Mr. Dubois’ cabinet ; although much
rubbed on one side, it presents on the other a true pattern of
its original markings; the margin of the outer lip, and the
tip of the spire, are both injured; yet, notwithstanding these
defects, there are abundant characters remaining to evince
its total dissimilarity from any other recorded species.

I have preferred subjoining only the essential generic
characters of this genus, as most intelligible to students ;
particularly as its natural characters are fully detailed in the
first part of “ Exotic Conchology.”

Pl. 161.

x +. i cee a yo
2 Sse)
- ; poe aed)
ae = 3} a -
ie : ‘ . : 7 tar
1 we F re.
J var Do @ os a Y
‘ Aa J a a
-. "a iP | mal
ie a : ; ; a ne
- ath in a ~~ pate A a, - a yo
A = - oy \ es 4 >, ye
- Py . , «8 \ ? a i , e |
2. “3 7 : wn Vs oh = ‘ ui ., a iv BY Sa 1] re » — wa
; ch Ni. bed ilieag ie bed | Yeyab tien wing, _ nea nag ie
7 ‘ oe iy wy Puts 4 wines ‘2 Lite r : yi E iw Satoh >. onetime <@ id oe
aw ’ 7 a4 ite fae
a igh ey 48 ae aw Hoge ‘j ae 8 ses Vbaiha, 2 HfF: 7 RVG ue it F
Pee seh why ht ait hs ii dil ‘et... stadiatp ms 19! orettris 4 er See =
i 7 i) ; ; 7 ; 7 ri" ° — 5 uf ae) J, ‘ Sages it. “plowing a) : i ;
5 A yale ian ait =i, ‘ Papi dean _
ih * ; 12
¥ ’ 2% i _* : ny 7 ah 7
ie kia & apeae. ¢
- aS carne
7 % ‘yi mins er
lay A ike » Ae
: bags yd hihi inte Acute beet. “toad
\ wei san - @ < t ta
Paget nae ari cu Ht ‘1 ahaa mene, St
ive ee
Yr » a ene 7 it a ohn Ca
; ih Pip, ;
7, 3 ek ivi ish Pius eae ; » state ee
i F) ved 1 ~domalli™ j alti oe y aahyaeel abo.
Pr i r q a as 7 fa
‘aa a ae rel hat ute 49015. O08 hi) Avg + 91] ant ; }
s | ig! Oil ne a, pind oe ie ¢ 1 asidp oath a)
. A a¢h > ee 7 © [yell e peat nu neal : —_
if aa » _ a © ; ee.
lapels i uh A ih, jatieta asnlgeis ee wine ey it aa
1 ele f ”! P re 13 ‘a a
4h Beli Li amen acal ihiae iy
" 7 a i. i Neds ‘ poe i»
=: ‘5 isin

hee fda. aad He Pe
te Rt a eee On Ms ee a ws Uaterg’ Bila 0 fe!

haan. ear ‘Vlas aie vei A {staan aaa’ aan ac

bt, at ean age beter 4

a aeehanTp al: ghee ates do cs Oe

pea bqih 2nd pay teaiatia edt, Ooo

as AT i aut Ne ak 3 pitt Me -

mM

oy) ia. ti} i! {

4) at hen pa

e iit

aX x fis Hie is “die naailt vou a
7 er eat, AG! uk camel 1 Leste: on ;
a 7 spat Af vary id SY “aYGe af ut re \
ad Wi ai pid a) en ee aval’ re
: me Poh) me
, Y yi * und LeMLLAIN, i i vidiapied ‘
’ iat - :
: OE sO kiai oleae Nia naan
: 7 : ‘ g ui ¥ ~ 7 b if ADE a > >
; c . ‘ ; : - a
: : 7 ' oa Pt
* i o i : : 7 tt.
a ind i’ ; y : a : ; ¢
7 fh % 4 : y ¥
oan e. eee r

x
~

> Bowe dei, {3 serieted

ie ie ee ie

ee:

a

o # ve

Koch ie pectin 5 0 Sa
ne 2 ck weed de ridges: if wa aa
as Peer coinataive: ww hicteitackioos: Glin ser jae
oy aac, HOBIE ahaa for shu. gies, Sane
Bid Cee.) ao onmthehiem oll
Site ae scte viable coil iW otal le epee
fet rete, cher a inher an
eR take oii Ty teed Uy ily a
OE Abe Dadiaesdlle widiew nde fh.) (ebtiaaall

she ‘tie RYetpuet eritoee, ie 2a

SUL an the cho adv eitae Zaye
roa ban oiety chit, dot nae
Eitan iva gen, Re 15 totes nie Op Lee
ina. gives Urb ot end the yyn ; 268 Sa
pat Wulinh ligt SLAC, une of ln’
ple bite faci. f ene cya shit

Berit paiiiss : 19, ater ea aa
ne eperteet o< pet ae
stil Ge irre ugetcsotal waetes, Ain
ieee ee —_ im as

ACHATINA fasciata, (var.)

Banded Achatina, (3 varieties.)

GENERIC CHARACTER. — See Pl. 30.

Spreciric CHaractTER.—See Pl. 74.

(Young.) Aperturd basi integréd. Base of the aperture entire.

Ach. pallida. Zool. Ill. vol. 1. pl. 41.
EEE

Since the first illustration of this elegant species appeared,
at plate 74 of this work, I have had the means of ascertaining
a very extraordinary circumstance which takes place in the
progressive growth of the young shell to the adult state ; and
that is the change effected in the form and termination of the
pillar or columella. In the noble collection of shells formed
by the late Earl of Tankerville, there is a numerous series of
this species ; from these I have ascertained, that in the young
shells the base of the columella unites with the termination
of the outer lip, making the aperture entire, similar to the
lengthened Helices; but, as the shell advances in growth,
the base of the columella becomes thick, detached, as it
were, from the marginal rim, so as to produce an intervening
notch, and thus gives the old and the young shell not only
an appearance of being distinct species, but of belonging
to separate genera. From these facts, I have drawn the
conclusion, that Achatina pallida (pl. 41), is but the young
shell (having the margin of the aperture as yet entire) of
Achatina fasciata; and the three additional varieties now
figured, will, I hope, prove an interesting addition to the
history of this species.
Pl, 162.

Comey a snigasl Fit aa iTh al a) A

(sities ©) pee a bahant

‘ ’ a: ie —
ieeemteeitieiathd del i. an cameo “ Pe
= Of LT sa@ + aaroawee crag

.
ee ee

oes

VAS or £15 &. aK 5 ornoaa? : “

STS othe Tan aiid ‘he gegtl eeyvine st arty awit: ahs (.qauo¥) ©
bn Sq st Ave Mt Joos wobitheq dah

boisngqn aviogas dangals aid ‘to sottentaulli ten orld aoe .

BOTEAIIIOR: , aca amt i DA send P. A704 Ww sift td BY stale ie, ‘de

an? ai sosiq 1 aaeut aD Sikes) Sons aHuroy ¥% cauibrogites YI9F a
bite »atete tide oc) of (feta geapy adi Yo déadry Svieeorgnig
ad} to aottsniunnot ban col od} ct bedosiis aprteds odd at text

banriot e{lode to aottosllos olded-eda al .ellsartlos 20 sallige

to eorise suOTamE & 21 srardt oilvtsaua? to beth otel add wd
vauvy od ai Jed) howighaven oved | aegis gion ; esioaqe ait
- Soveninias sd? dtr estiar sllsragloo 9ift ‘Yo sagd oil alforte

{.
ke

i

rt

ei} oF selinie ate sibhege ad? ocidens ygil votua Fat To).

Aivorg ai esoanrbe lisda oft ag aud taestsH banadtgaal
Si an .bodvatsh Joidy semoved esifemuloo od to gapd oat
; udiioriwhih cis SounboTY ob es oa! Lets Lanihytant oF treet IW
ylno ton tena gavoy ed) bas blo ont ‘garry add bas .dojom
garmiolod to tud 2siosqe doniteift gated 1 SOc TRAgGs “AB

oft avweth oval I aloe! salt gol .siedeg stetagea oF,

gunoy odd tud at Cib.t) ubWing wahiedok tails Adiaulogea

to (ote toy ce sintieges adi to afoiae off gated) fisde

won vaiterey lanoitibbe said oft bis ; star, patna hk
als oF aonibbe gavteowtint ap syoiq sqod I Siw bourgit
zoteqa ait to yrodail

SAL 45

™.
~

108

HEMIPODIUS nivosus,
White-spotted Turnix.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Rostrum mediocre, gracile, rectum, valde compressum culmine levato,
ad apicem sub-incurvo. Nares laterales, lineares, sulcate, mem-
brand convexd corned vix tecte, aperturd fissd, elongatd. Pedes
long, digitis tribus anticis divisis. Halluce caret. Cauda bre-
vissima tectricibus obtecta. Ala mediocres.

Bill moderate, slender, straight, much compressed, culmen elevated,
towards the tip slightly incurved. Nostrils lateral, linear, sul-
cated, partially covered by a convex horny membrane, the
aperture narrow and elongated; legs long, with three toes
before, divided at their base. Hind toe none. Tail very short,
concealed by the covers. Wings moderate.

Generic Type. Perdix nigricollis. Lath.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
H. supra ferrugineo varius. mento albescente ; jugulo pectoreque pal-
hde ferrugineis, maculis albis, nitidis, ornatis ; corpore albo ;
uropygio caudeque tectricibus superiortbus rufis, ummaculatis.

Above varied with ferruginous; chin whitish; throat and breast
pale ferruginous, with white shining spots ; body white; rump
and upper tail-covers rufous, unspotted.

H. nivosus. Swainson, in Tilloch’s Phil. Magazine, vol. 60. p. 353.

rE

T nave represented this delicate little bird of its natural
size; which is so small, as scarcely to equal that of a Lark.
The Turnix inhabits the sandy deserts of Africa and India,
and seems to form a race of pigmy Bustards, all the species
yet discovered (fourteen in number) being very diminutive.
Little is known of their habits in a state of nature, further
than that they migrate, and fly with great rapidity. The
specific character will distinguish [7. nivosus as a species ;
and I have already given a more detailed description of it

in the Journal above quoted. Mr. Leadbeater received it
from Senegal.

Pl. 163.

-euRow 4 eu t a od t if a ft :

ee se Sriongeatia ie 7 ‘es

“> i 7 a = |

fam. i 5 4

“AeA ,/ 1 oe

re or, OEE wea . - ‘(ore

MS: er Lith ROUEN aes SYeay, "git a 29 srry, pt maya NAVE Se = eS
beni N rine. BARS ere ea Ore mee en Ay e-raban, lay . oe !
yk an + 4 Maly A cs heyy eiysin oat ee % ye if ce Sot (ia Deve Dawid. . a,
ve goes ! i rae i \" 4 shes 3) : et Aw) i wy 9p gad, ry etal, woh ns : "3
Files y - wa RA ren eh : Zs
sa wirmeiiaws hi | chaniabes otra y fos aie oe :

; i \ *

his ‘pan 3 ns aml ea

pet ay ota) EOD eee pereree sD

otter (WOnte WoT nficmolt’: matte tihgil if: 9 aly aikcheel pie '
r | i 7 7 oe —— :
ad} amiehinade pert menos: wee a avon yatta: bara” on

7" Pe ee are Geet. fe (oh qenye a tea ia we

when arte Bie tae ee ee
dda youre liv'tl saan 30 oval: ee mr lh Sis nafibrihwmted Jo ee
| oe J arranloen 5g aided a sha # wai) cae baleaymon: ves
ia | ‘ Marohunie sie: a eo vinottei A ia
r a ; et mes ie ae -
4 Me cent i a i i ah a! 7 a 5 4
* ‘ wah: on Tae ON Ve te
. a Te tt ) sara 7 a ,
Swi sug ¥ Sate aahorsyan'k, yt et Ma 6 VV. RMIT etait wig, a.
yehio. . re iP eitos* vant ay nanny ehnnts dines, Abi
pV Go mae were, ee A ae ny ir ‘gue ‘iat vy rt ye WAS ore. Cues ti
iano hna Jeave nr i edstily alae gt iO egret “Riv harry sao |
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{ ; ae
Juatoqgany seta tte aayOosiees a Ne owe” hae
7 ic J 7%
Ay itt. fd shee (degen MAX 0 Ain oe yaonidiar’ 4 % eee — te
a hen ; or F i ; ~ eae . .
i enema : is ce P
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; ; ie Wee buskie S 7 i
tempt 31 to hud, sty -opacribab iit sesamin areal t ‘ae

vistraak se. Eicon Ge ab Aoite Oxia
aS 4 ty ahiaeaheleion ad agidla ist scene T ath = oF

pith: eg) nok Ae
gode ett the aboptevd ¥ mig 19 Sort @ rid Cons qos Dane eae ‘

wpdereniaeil, Yr9 «ged 8 dita ae aru nh) fre oneroosil: 18¢ a

“godin oiuian 10 Aigto 4 ta oheladl yea to, amor a hit
eit: ..viiiqm Linh ut ay uit tala ernie aut yet aedd |

vediaita 4 “en, faery ge chal urgently jie satin ontiioge

£
de Yo OL) qUTe ails bat Jab avout & PFN ehuertta | svad T ban

oot 2A ‘botodp 4 words lanes, otf bm
Jegons@ ten a.
zai tt.

r ] — . jj
AB a to berth fe hy ‘wa
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4i a4 ri VRE rae

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”

SY LVIA annulosa,
White-eyed Warbler.

GeNneERIc CuaracTer.—See Pl. 139.

Speciric CHARACTER.

S. olivaceo-viridis, infra albescens ; jugulo flavescente ; palpebris
plumis niveis insignibus.

Olive-green, beneath whitish; throat yellowish; eyes encircled by
a ring of snowy feathers.

Sylvia Madagascariensis. Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 533. Gm. 1. 981.
White-eyed Warbler. Lath. Gen. Syn. 4.475. Gen. Zool. 19, 2. 720.

Ficedula Madagascariensis minor. Briss. Ois. 4. p. 498. ¢. 28. f. 2.
(male.) Briss. Orn. 1. 446.

eS

A pexicate ring of snow-white feathers encircles the eyes
of this pretty bird. It is far from being peculiar to Mada-
gascar (as Dr. Latham’s name of Madagascariensis would seem
to imply), but is spread over a wide extent of the eastern
hemisphere; being found both in the Isle of France, the
Cape of Good Hope, and Madras. The name, therefore, is
peculiarly inapplicable; but this is not all: for we find that
the same author, a few pages after, has given this identical
name to another very different bird ; the same error is trans-
ferred into Shaw’s Zoology.

Figure, the size of life: colour above, olive green; ears
and sides of the head the same: chin, throat, and under tail
covers yellow; breast cinereous, changing to dusky brown
on the flanks; the middle of the body whitish; between the
eye and bill a velvet-black line, which forms a partial margin
to the snowy feathers of the eyelids; wings and tail dusky
black, margined with olive.

Very indifferent figures of both sexes will be found in
Vaillant’s African birds; from his description it seems to
be a gregarious species. I regret not being able, at this
moment, to refer to the work.

Pl. 164,

i

a ‘ : ah

~ hve tate f. { fi fl ¥ 4, = ; ' z

'
% 4 a” -¢ ®
: \on i Yayseo ti \{
= A I SI A A omer
AY J 49% -— syracmwa tl) ices “4i?
e
so ma Nes
wiimly ¢olasyirelk clingy’, + allase lly pele Veda detilg, “a
inGhygit csi. dima
f ts f : ‘
x} bal Mono rilatewollig wd) Se etivdey: Ttsaqud ensrg-aeH® -
yroviteal ywols. Io gan &
TRO | owt) £00 2 m0 el ail -eenoriengatee spies,

ee aN ot oth b 0A ced Ma soba Corsa vet WT
SASL A Oh. 2b oO int conn slain eeohe ht alrbaae
ALA f ort) a eval (sax

een —
.

lt eolmrus mites otutwwode to gary areola A ,
hat! oj 77 phd mot Gi atl brid vba eal dor 3
sisee hivae: Min wee tel} if bo surfer eRe fiat ier) geey :

Heda Sift cute abeo @ avd busrqe at Gud (gigm 2
crt 7; f Meet Pace) goisd ; aiedeeied
wigion @nea aT <qbel bas oot ode? to aac}
hi av tof silesde 2b al tnd ; aitesiiqqeat yhstiaed

letii ’ é ‘
ieoitee!) ad) covig ced oafly evyaq wel @ fommea aes om)
~aetm 9) tarts ous ads ; bid Ineveitth yiseasiions oFemar

{
;
q
'

: om looX 2*wad2 ost: boyret

zic4 sty ovilo .svodr, woloy ‘4h axis sa stogit :
of tine swoult .uida « Sanpe aily Rest ade WO sabe fas
wooenis faard wolley z10¥04 |

Ls : aPeti 2Uursiags Ai
rate! ; le ordy ySoP atte slbbiay Si padded sdf noe
sigros lelcmy @ aims? doutw eo doald-tovles atid Bhs ays

ah hus egeiw ; abileya stf to siaasl prone sme af
» seo diiw heargvte: Fok
od Ute ascse Giod to srtrglt Jndratlifinn Wa¥
af scares cotlgiioasl ait ‘snot - elu masntA we ioeliteny ~ ”
+21 +e «lle uaed ion tsrew ) 2sineqa gndhpae se
drow olf of whet af dosnonr,
FO) ca

’

7 ‘en ‘
se = re

PP

165

SYLVIA annulosa, (var. 8.)

White-eyed Warbler. —\(New Holland variety.)

GENERIC CHARACTER.— Sce Pl, 139.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
S. supra cinerea, infra albescens, capite, alis uropygioque olivaceo-
Havis ; jugulo flavescente ; palpebris plumis niveis insignibus.
Above cinereous, beneath whitish; head, wings, and rump, olive

yellow; throat yellowish; eyes encircled by a ring of snowy
feathers.

Ow first receiving this bird from New Holland, I was in-
clined to think it a distinct species from the African White-
eyed Warbler ; but further consideration has led me to adopt
a different opinion: it is true that I am unacquainted with
any one land bird which is common to both countries, and
much weight should be attached to the geographic distribu-
tion both of families and species. These two birds, however,
differ in their colour, and somewhat in their size. On the
other hand, the White-eyed Warbler, as before observed, is
found both in Africa and India; and is, therefore, probably
migratory. Nature, moreover, is not bound by laws to which
there are no exceptions; and the leading points of resem-
blance between these birds are very strong. On the whole,
therefore, [ am inclined to consider them as varieties of one
species, forming a solitary exception to the general dissimi-
larity between the birds of Africa and those of New Holland.

Size of the Wood Wren: the head and ears are olive yel-
low, changing to brighter yellow on the chin, and part of the
throat ; the neck and back cinereous, graduating to yellowish
olive on the rump and upper tail covers; wings the same,
the inside of the quills blackish; sides of the throat cinereous ;
body and under tail covers whitish; the sides tinged with
ferruginous ; the stripe between the bill and eye is more
brown than black; and the white feathers round the eye,
not sO conspicuous as in the African variety.

Pl. 165.

ie “4
; f
+
3 =) y
L. 7 - f F Teh
- ; y ? |
; ' wats fA oe exe ‘2 ve Pies |
7 tal i‘ eo ee A eet pres ; bs The a MA 3 ae! Oa NaN 7)
a a ie ota 7 , -
' 7 a eer ; . a
mn 4 a, ae : : - Ae A t" os a ;
i ea -_ ; ; : My §
; j flee RE re etas a ner ; i ¥
k RAS siz _ a . A Aly
- >
: cl 7 j
’ 2 a |
an Lire ye 8 Acs Re
‘ ey ? i é oe
' ;
a ; iN J ' ens =
2 - eyes
7 Tia fa : a
aa oe rn oy a :
<A OO OD ae, os 7

‘ q D i
Se tect ve rye

eo 7 A

tas Ww a gated wl adits / ve
% i re t j ez
Bie) ate "ee bit! -_

; % i by: “HAS ay

us egal me ess “«

' %
i

aah rd sd iin OM,

: i
Bag
Py,
o7 ly my
@ ie 7 ;
ou’ ahh LF Aa evlae)

Pa x P
,e pa
i :

ry sh ,

pts in ON bi? edad

6

‘a Set? en rere dp ay air

eiiivst i ] Lath Peat

= va | n na . %
bi: piece! } af ‘rigt ed VEO E 24 ania esas WUE
“4 ' 1 eee : a. ri ' Ae ae 4 =i /

} } eT a Re arity & iin ne hose il oy AHL 7

tp wly le na: saeditene Bod) Fe ae ne at ae gtito

Oute Aear 4 iW g ‘
wie : TULA TT: r ity 3 tbh Mt *
J ays ‘ r : Hi ining rhe ,

in t} Lae eer =

are 4 pene, i WHA 7

Tare, gine fr

J
, pay >
f
‘ , 1 4 ”
* fi '
7 i : :
- a4
; , , = -_ i -
: ) oe - :
4 { ‘ - ” =
y 5 :
i
7 } v
: : 2 f * { .
P: r) : .
. 7 ; ‘

166

BULIMUS citrinus, (var.)

Citron Bulimus, (3 varieties.)

GENERIC CHARACTER. —See PI. 4.

Speciric CHARACTER, —See PI. 46.

VARIETIES.

A. Yellow, with black lines. Zool. Ill. pil. 46.

B. Yellow, with black lines and chesnut stripes. Zool. Ill. p. 47.

C. Yellow, variegated with green; inner lip obsolete. fig. 1.
B. virescens. Sw. Bligh Cat. p. 13.

D. Green, striped with yellow; inner lip white. Frg. 2. 3.

E. Orange, with flame-coloured waved stripes. Fig. 4.

F. Pale yellow, with brown waved stripes.

— EE

Tue beautiful shells here selected as a further illustration of
the Citron Bulimus not only show the great variability of the
species, but clearly prove that B. virescens is, as I suspected,
only a variety of B.citrinus. In the shell at fig. 1. the upper
part of the inner lip (like that described in the Bligh Appen-
dix), is entirely wanting; although it bears, in every other
respect, the appearance of a full-grown shell; the umbilicus
likewise is open; but in the shell at fig. 2. and 3. the inner
lip is quite perfect, and consequently folds over the umbilicus;
thus the connexion between the green and yellow varieties is
completely established.

I have subjoined a slight arrangement of the principal
varieties; and have only further to observe, that the specific
character I first proposed, appears to me the only one by
which this species may be truly distinguished.

Since the description of B. aureus at pl. 47 was written,
I have seen several other specimens; all of which tend to
confirm my belief that it is distinct from B. citrinus.

Pl. 166.

a ree i

f a Rises fe ve

; ry at a
RS Se
an ae cf id LR
a 1
7M .
re i r/ ‘ ‘ ; a r as iu @ . u 1
i fe ; 7 ere | : , ” : r x 0 Tit : ae 1
* 7 r
> Jog +
: Sea
M ie, - 7 ray 2
ee a
: : ae. a # va i aerul vi
. - es hy iu i a ,, ck wail’
: ; D ; Ye ee :e wy " f i >
; ‘Qa pe (aed Teli: ps sy si Mi re " :
se ' ita ae eet Ne wot eh
nH .) i
‘ 0 ~
7 s.. Jr
on "ae aia i ieee el Ns
mo ° ment pete F « tad 7 oe r ively Hite pe vais om ee en ar
‘a , iii Vu een Tae
; nt Pil —a0, gels 4H) pd: Laan A eS
a, Pa Pee : a S ¥ a Vo aS
n : ia i td \ jet ily nh . mh ion : | 7
—_ oe sea ini ae ' "
ls ik rf ip
i; Ma, i on wnt i
vA eee ete Va, we) .
7 PAL Pe oIUE is te wy |
“ ' : _ a e ae t
aj be i
. ra. ‘v0 yaw re OW :-
io i ; Lars i a [ ni oe ° a ;
ep dh he oe ee rae arr ae , Fpae’ Lone Sunil iY 4
; of , fis a ~ a A a ; :
. - Sara jv en by we hin Bd mae 4h Kya 2 ‘yi der 2
_ a ‘eh ri cae : ee ; s
See ee ek) avg fe ne hi non hove hat ath oes
i.) a4 ria ay ra alent rie ay, y .
' : 5 gan ek fy er Dy
meets ay) Wa) hee rely pine mean ane, A a il
| eae ‘sada tae pad sya mone ih Ag
Pee » - yo ae a : 7
hi : ao ; ’ a 1 ; P aA 5 > ; : ‘s
e's) q Des ;
i ; a 7 1p ; : a bs
2) U - 7 7 i _ ma ’ . i ; J i ; U : - ic
7 Ta ¥ - o sy i
; - - : 7 bat ¥ , ® f we
a. < 7 a - io eee 4 : i
: ; : a 7 A eet, a?
ud y 4 = ‘ ¥ i 7 {

Be

>

a
?

167

oh t
¥ My
rib +
= < x m
ie ee wee

5
4 +
t) 9 y
ra

ANODON ecrassus,
Thick Anodon, or Horse Mussel.

Generic Cuaracter. —See Pl. 96.

SpeciFic CHARACTER.

A, testd ovatd, lata, crassa; margine cardinali subarcuato, extremi-
tate utrdque angulatd alatd ; umbonibus prominentibus, apicibus
retusis.

Shell oval, broad, thick; hinge margin subarcuated, the extremities
winged and angulated; umbones prominent, the tips retuse.

a a

Iris only recently that travellers have directed their atten-
tion to the less attractive shells of distant regions ; and our
cabinets now begin to be enriched by the numerous land and
fresh-water species of those countries. Among these new
acquisitions, the fresh-water bivalves appear the most extra-
ordinary in their formation, and the most numerous in
species. Of the Anodons, it may be doubted whether the
great Linnzus was acquainted with more than three or four
species; Lamarck enumerates fifteen, but a much greater
number have passed under my own examination.

The species now illustrated is very peculiar; it is a
strong, thick shell; in form resembling Hyria corrugata,
Lamarck ; having both extremities winged and compressed ;
the umbonial slope* elevated, and somewhat angulated ; the
umbones thick and prominent, but obtuse, or nearly truncate,
at their apex; the outside of the shell of a dark grass-green
colour, and nearly smooth, excepting at the posterior side,
which is marked by sulcated striz following the lines of
growth; the inside is opaque and whitish, with rich iri-
descent margins: the muscular impressions deep, and the
hinge margin quite smooth.

I know of no other specimen than one in Mr. Dubois’
collection, and am altogether unacquainted with its locality ;
although its habit leads me to think it is from South America.

* IT have applied this term to the oblique descent made by the umbo,
towards the basal extremity of the anterior side of bivalves.
PI. 167.

A ’ z
‘aa ms Ta A : ne iby yy y ‘ pe
ay, eee sma ,
|
r] q . ! jee uv
Se Lean» he
og ah meatoagpaineag a hvusiny us 1: act, et ;
Mae 2 nk HHL aap (ria hed ae iy. eae:
yt pict ayas
‘ : ‘ i‘ wien iy y ane it }
Po
\ ‘a
; ae ; .
ey . ou cleat ‘Civaglatbae
“ANO: 45 mim ‘lye 2 aught | iG + \
é eh 7 unt ,
5 ies Se 1 TR i + hil oni, 1 = my m4
é ‘NMA Gy fs tA aasieotioa:”
‘i oe silly nat sachs AP 1 pr uetins 4 ig
ieee a
: wat iy byanr?) is Ey sav f
; ; ne ! Pa Tks) ye Jf Mig
i ; : i % Ri
- : “ } a : :
7 ; ’ — "
Li oa 7 7 ) as ’ Ms j
: a : ‘ y rf < ry
i bd : io nd oy p 4 i Z
yo a ® i .
7 ; ; i hi ined A ‘
_ a ' 7 M ‘ J wae : a wpa

iL if iy
Tae

, mt Kies ' \ ad a ;

é
U

f

BI arm

oe Pte Re

wi
rie
*
i
)
‘

= i
ri

5 ’

a . , 7 i ’ 7 i

\ ob ele ¥e~ yp? h nd ;

‘a Ww mH) - ‘i Me : ‘ : ‘f
Tova) Sa iF] / ii : > .

“ay : . \ 5
is A

RAMPHASTOS ambiguus,
Doubtful Toucan.

GENERIC CHARACTER. — See Pl. 45.

Speciric CHARACTER.
R. niger ; jugulo flavo ; mandibule superioris parte superiore flacd,
transverse maculatd, strigd vtridi oblique divisd ; mandibuld infe-
riore nigra.

Black; throat yellow, upper mandible black, the upper half yellow,

with an oblique green stripe and transverse spots; the under
mandible black.

Eee

Tue obscurity with which modern ornithologists have de-
scribed these remarkable birds, would have induced me, long
ago, to have attempted a more perfect account of all the
species in this work; but as this might have been con-
sidered, by some, an infringement on the miscellaneous plan
on which it was commenced, I feel obliged to confine myself
only to their occasional illustration.

The species now selected is one I have never seen; but
I have no doubt of its existence, and little of the accuracy
of its delineation. I before alluded to several drawings of
Toucans which had come to my hands, executed by an un-
known artist: among them is a figure of that now published ;
with a note subjoined, stating it was drawn “ from the bird
just dead.” The other drawings of the same artist represent
several of the common species, and their accuracy is pre-
sumptive evidence that this also is represented correctly.
The singular colouring of the bill at once separates it from
all known species ; and for its further history, we must trust
to the exertions of those travellers, visiting South America,
who may feel an interest in illustrating these singular birds.

I more than once heard, when in Brazil, of a Blue Toucan;
but it was said to be very rare, and I never was fortunate
enough to meet with one.

PI. 168.

8 J - : ¢ “s
_ <email re? boa tier al

_ 7 Ruleameta 9g

ET) ger AL

wre acted Bi aens) ee
' ' oe t

y ene ry (AN ih Bl ; :
iy Da boy.) eal okt bai ed) Vale Sat i oF
re. : | , é

‘iO Bavey tie pare Leta lies 1, Ne

‘av. B

(hg.

Wine

4
‘ert

PTEROGLOSSUS viridis,

Green Aracari, (male.)

Generic Cuaracter.—See Pl. 44.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

P. ngro virescens ; capite juguloque nigris, femina castaneis ; corpore
Hlavo ; rostro serrato, tomiis albis, mandibuld superiore aurantiacd,
lined longitudinali, laterali, medid, nigrd, mandibuld inferiore
ceruled.

Blackish green; head and neck black (in the female chesnut), body
yellow; bill toothed, the margins white, upper mandible orange,
with a black longitudinal line; lower mandible blue.

Ramphastos viridis. Linn. Gmelin, 1. p.353. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.138.
Gen. Zool. 8. 2. p. 370.

Green Toucan. Lath. Syn. 1. 331.

Tucana Cayanensis viridis. Briss. Ois. 4. 423. pl. 33. f. 1. Id. Orn.
2. 162. Pl. Enl. 727. mas. 728. fam.

Tuts is a common bird, known to the older ornithologists ;
but here introduced, for the purpose of representing the vivid
colours which ornament the bill of the live bird: the figures
likewise above referred to are so very loosely drawn, that a
more correct representation of the species appeared desirable.
A remarkable character pervades all the Aracaris, (with the
exception of P. sulcatus, pl. 44,) the head and throat being
black in the male, and chesnut or grey in the female birds ;
the bills also of the latter are always the smallest; that of
the Green Aracari is larger, thicker, and more curved than
in any other species; the serratures strong and unequal; the
top, and upper half of the superior mandible, pure yellow ;
the lower half orange; these colours being divided by a
slender isolated black line; the under mandible blue, with
the base rosy; its general plumage bears a resemblance to
several other species. Dr. Latham says the orbits are yellow;
this, however, is a mistake, for both the orbits and irides are
grass-green; this writer likewise refers to Edwards, pl. 329,
for this bird; which plate, in fact, represents a Toucan, and
is that bird which I have described and figured under the
name of R. carinatus, pl. 45.

I believe this species is confined to the northern parts of
South America. Mr. Charles Edmonston brought home fine
specimens from Demerara; they were preserved with so much
skill, that the colours of the bill almost retained their primi-
tive brightness; Le Vaillant, I believe, has figured this bird ;
but I have not, at this time, access to his valuable book.

Pl. 169.

z
int

“2

:
a.

WG.

ees sae)

Fs pics : eh bie

fa fexd cae Piel Ching

‘ on ye —
LES al 4 ac
i d eee Me ary
7 Bote yale ‘ Stk SRLS oa
— fs - re d q “hi -
4 Ld es ,
et Sees x
tal ies <
iM ate fa a
sie ae ra
r F "
ps y 5 ey Poa
s* \ eee
hae ee
ne on fae SBS
we ? — beh aiies
wy wi emihela ate ns
t thik ah ms
*, s~ ap }
be fei sears he eo. ae Le vier hm
4 a | j
; i ;
‘ inad te te PoC Ato
+ oer 1 :
a , tad Hi ‘ P
Sr 1h Ny SDSS Rest “2 EI5 6G 457
* a i t _ ah es
Date cs B OAR OUST 9 Lie triad Lah er
+ Thi; eae a te a
y- - Mie oF 7% .
<a pa tRAE SS ess 43” a x
pa a = z 4 y
of Vite ai ig tes | ee) caet ay se b
reat " =
i\? ¢ —— "
f rhe Lite an e he. thes int; "
“ee it Fits Seige wae. sri i
:

aiey dun. eid | tite f
2 pie. ty c. HO Ed eee
PA tralie pagent iba
dutiche { Kole. ur
0a gous

‘bey: Kijvnm: agidh: Toile

7a
Dood coo
aod

MALURUS Africanus,
African Soft-tail.

GENERIC CHaractTErR. —See Pl. 170.

SpeciFric CHARACTER.

M. supra rufescens, strigis migris varius ; genis mentoque albentibus,
strigd nigra intermedid ; rectricibus attenuatis, nigris, rufo
marginatis.

Above rufous brown with black stripes ; sides of the head and chin

whitish, divided by a black stripe; tail feathers attenuated,
black, the margins rufous.

Motacilla Africana. Gmelin, 1. p. 958.
Sylvia Africana. Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. p. 518. Gen. Zool. 10. 2. p. 615.
African Warbler. Lath. Syn. 4. p. 436.

Curruca nevia. C. B. Spei. Brisson. Ors. 3. p. 390, tab. 22. f. 2.
Orn. 1. p. 419.

Le Fluteur. Vaill. Ois. d Afrique.

Tue characters of Malurus, together with a few observa-
tions on the birds composing it, I have already given at
plate 170 of this work. Yet as the species are scattered
in several distinct genera of the Linnean school, I have
here represented that which may be termed the type of the
genus, as instituted by Professor Temminck, and as modified
by myself. On comparing the characters of Timalia (a new
genus of Dr. Horsfield’s) with those of Malurus, they will
be found to designate one and the same group of birds.
Indeed, the minute and interesting details, which Dr. Hors-
field has given, put the question almost beyond doubt, and
lead me to conclude, that the Doctor was not aware, at the
time, that his genus was already recorded.

This bird is not uncommon at the Cape of Good Hope.
The notes of the male (according to M. Le Vaillant) are soft
and agreeable, much resembling those of a flute; the
shortness of the wings renders its flight very low. The figure
is of the natural size; and the bird has been so well described
by Brisson and Latham, that it is needless to repeat what
they have said; the figures both of Le Vaillant and Brisson
are by no means accurate. The tail feathers are delicate
and transparent; and those of the whole body very soft, with
detached webs or radii, similar to Dr. Horsfield’s Timalia
puleata, and gularvs.

Pl. 170.

ee Hiss } ‘ -
, . ai
- yy soe .

S anahth 2 UH ae «ab

4

Mant-SYoe singh |
= f we 4 m a ‘Watt ot 7 ' ‘i
OVE .AS 968-— satoawand nagKee) |
ah aie en ‘ae 7
- : r ” 7 ; — - h
2 | MATILGABOD ITIIAIS ms
andi wills, ant wyotstsan tiie, = RANA! tian rare, eeranes ty Greque ae
sur eral aaingsatly uardisiyoere : 1 Wiboanreatser ivetst Agta, .
| “aco ane -

ids boa Boot ot to sede 4 saqinsa doold tie giword avolut avodA
Notaurtatia apuiient fiat sorta doxtd Re qd bshivib _daiiter
. bet olndtint gargract ot abatd

: eae 4: b witsieaD sani sllipsioM
BID sg 2 OF FooN oD 8134 6 a Babli peo h, sivhyA

; * OEE & > ay, Axo solthia FF eohA
PN. SS nt OE ca 6-088) —? wont. 9 eyed sy —
en Bib wy Pand
eer. ike iO SMa ane ir: oe

— emma mee : * = ;
BAL asin”, ‘a
~eyrrsedo wah i di 7] igritorad csashshestlh % ainoatatis. antl
te nowy yhnoile oved"L os gaizogiaos abrid add sto Rooid
bytsiiaoe ata asisaqe ait ee “Y¥ iow ally 76) OTD wha
ayo J loodoa cniheny ts ct i xl to meaay doniteib lgies ae
add 10 aq? oh haters od qatar, ceridwe eld baldeastyst S190
bafibott an ee soni tf ronestond qd hoissitesi se ata
Wat ay oh cy . sajonrerds ally gditeqaios nQ Magyar ye
‘fiw ya) awisiol to, seo ain we (a'biota 30H a to eons
AUG To xi anes ili Bitte ota. 8 inavigeb oF banat
etoRt 0 igistyy malileb ya means i huts stuaice sdf, ‘bashake
bas Jduob haovaed see be Hots seeup ail. ing \cavig ‘and’ bia,
alt tn cen Jon apy so) if ili Jedd ebaloaoa of om baal
VA Ata don g __ beftosor chao eew snasy-eil Sg02 omits
KOH hoo) Io sqeQ sdk ie doahmooml od Bh bad aie.
flow me (anllts Mi od yaifrianon) stndsodd Io aston. dT.
‘agli sat Belg! se oy” ga thee HIBS. dom . tdtessotge: haw

t

oval oft: wot por idyilt ait aahnsy agetw oad 10 aaoahoda. 4
hadmas iD liew oa x ONG. at id bud ody fea: 3 ats ler atad ads Yo ai
Tew deol Ol, a sith voy aid jade comerind Bere aoeeett ¥d
tovatitl bus jvellia’ oT lo dod axnngit ome ; bias evan wars
atenilah ore wrcissd tint sl nino canraaie Gar xd ate ‘
‘Siw oe yiay ybod olorber ait Ie ovo bee ttoinqaiom boa”
nian ebisheroH hor yelfeata Aebot 40 edew berloatsh |’
vols, bar olpality
; : youl 19
z y
: \ " .

174

/

wt
Tibet

weet atts

Surgery OKs yr
Svbtar geet *%

ae < Cape Pa

hile per:

er Pein ayleaii fies ind joy

mee

+2 eile 3 Za is: Sr t ein .
st oo belt ai gee OT evi Wi koe ‘ f

oe thn lie: as “ts hig pre _— a2
ae es
cial h mt.-<¥ ; ia Cay ai te
sinnain. hs ; ¥ ia hi Bee) Wha i
ld takin he eV CTace tj i
} f a. o >
rs bull Aoapy wy

7
2
1
:
7

ay

UNIO fragilis.
Fragile River Mussel.

GENERIC CHARACTER. —See Pl. 58.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

U. testd transversim ovatd, tenui, intis purpurascente ; dentibus
cardinahbus tuberculatis, sub-obsoletis.

Shell transversely oval, thin, within purple ; cardinal teeth tubercu-
lated, nearly obsolete.

ES

Mosr fresh water bivalves are remarkably destitute of that
variety of colouring, which diversifies the exterior of marine
shells, and renders their distinction comparatively easy. A
uniform olive green, or brown tint, pervades all the fluviatile
genera ; their specific distinctions rest on characters which
frequently require long and perplexing descriptions, but
which can be explained by the artist with ease and precision.
It follows, therefore, that accurate figures of these shells are
more particularly wanted; for, although Lamarck has de-
scribed so many, the short descriptions which he has given,
and the want of figures to elucidate them, render it impos-
sible to determine accurately one half of the species which
he has enumerated.

Unio fragilis is principally distinguished by the cardinal
teeth: those in the right valves are 2; short, obtuse, and
nearly obsolete, more resembling tubercles, than the crenated
or striated teeth of this genus. The left valve has one tooth
rather sharper. In young shells the ligamental margin is
nearly straight, and its extremity somewhat angulated ; but old
shells lose these appearances, and become perfectly oval.
In both stages of growth the shell is very thin, convex, and
the inside (near the umbones) purple. The slight develop-
ment of the cardinal teeth brings this shell nearer to the
genus Anodon, than any other Unio which I have seen.

It inhabits the rivers of North America, and was sent to
me by Professor Rafinesque.

Pl. avd.

2 Wh

- apie, eles Ste

= tir. ‘bie A ae Anette .

er ites’ parte wiey

A hte eit i
_ o ad i?

Ema ie mnie
res. 4 7"
a Pans ey Bote a,
‘ x 2
re rv
a Bede oy ,

ai? ihe ¥ Rd ee

Bie: oT a eae

AMPULLARIA reflexa,

Purple Apple Snail.

GENERIC CHARACTER.—See P]. 103.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

A. testd ovato-globosd, levi; spird ventricosd, obtusd, sub epidermide
purpured ; aperturd nigro-purpurascente ; labio exteriore tenui,
margine reflexo.

Shell ovate-globose, smooth; spire ventricose, obtuse ; beneath the
epidermis, purple; aperture blackish purple; outer lip thin,
the margin reflected.

Knorr, vol. 5. pl. 5. f. 2. (uncoated.)

Ampullaria reflexa. Swainson, in Tilloch’s Ph. Mag. vol. 61. p. 377.

EE

Tue only record that I can find (in the works of the old
writers) for this Ampullaria, is the figure by Knorr above
quoted ; it is obviously drawn from an uncoated specimen,
although I have seen instances, where the blackish purple
on the spire was so intense, as to obscure the thin epidermis
which covered it. The peculiar character of the species,
and in which it differs from all others, is in the outer margin
of the lip; which is thin, rather spread out, and slightly
reflected; the form of the shell resembles A. fasciata, but
the spire, instead of being pointed, is obtuse ; the umbilicus,
likewise, is smaller and more concealed. From the absence
of a groove round the aperture, I conclude the operculum is
horny.

The size varies ; perfect shells are in my possession much
smaller than the figure, and I have seen others much larger,
and with the aperture more chesnut than purple.

f am not acquainted with its locality.

Pl. 172.

re

net sa tite om

’
6
: ‘
5
,
on * 5
he i
ie
ct
VY
te
. f
; * ;
i at
cee a
7 Dee
are
as es
/
yore fot ry
t
- eo
, 7

GALLINULA ruficollis, car.
Black-bellied Gallinule, var.

' GENERIC CHARACTER.

Gallinula. Briss. Cuv. Tem. Lath. Fulica, Rallus. Linn. Crez.
Illiger.

Rostrum capite brevius, valde compressum, conicum, rectum, apice
compresso, mandibuld inferiore angulatd. Nares sulcatce, mem-
brand obtecte ; aperturd magnd, oblongd, pervid, vix medid.
Pedes elongati, grallarii, genibus nudis, digitis gracilibus tribus,
halluce mediocri.

Bill shorter than the head, much compressed, conic, straight, the tips
compressed, inferior mandible angulated. Nostrils sulcated,
covered by a membrane; aperture large, oblong, pervious,
nearly medial. Feet long, wading, knees naked, fore toes
three, long, slender, hind toe (or thumb) short.

Generic type. Rallus porzana. Linn.

Speciric CHARACTER.

Gall. ruficollis var. A? Olivaceo-fusca ; cervice cinered; pectore,
abdomine, alisque rufis ; crisso, uropygio, cauddque nigris ; tectri-
cibus interioribus rufis, nigro-fasciatis ; pedibus rubris.

Olive brown; neck cinereous; breast, body, and wings rufous;
belly, rump, and tail-black; interior wing covers rufous,
banded with black ; legs red.

Fulica ruficollis. Gmeln, 1. p. 700. Turton, 1. p. 423.

Gallinula ruficollis. Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 767.

Black-bellied Gallinule. Lath. Syn. 1. p. 253.

Tuis is one of the largest water hens found in Brazil, where
it is very rare. I am indebted to Dr. Langsdorff for the
only specimen which [ brought from that country. It differs
considerably from the Black-bellied Gallinule of Latham,
yet, perhaps, not sufficiently to record it as a distinct
species.

Total length fifteen inches and a half; bill one and a
half; the base (in the dead bird) orange, the other half
green; frontlet none; the crown and nape are grey brown,
the sides cinereous, and the throat whitish; the neck both
above and beneath for about two thirds its length is lead-
coloured ; it then changes to rufous, which spreads over the
breast, body, wing covers, and greater quills; the lower part
of the neck above, with the back, scapulars, and lesser quills,
brownish olive; the belly, thighs, tail, and rump black ;
the inner wing covers are remotely barred with black ; legs
(in the live bird) red.

Latham describes the Black-bellied G. as seventeen
inches long ; the bill two inches; the quills greenish brown,
with rufous margins; the fore part of the neck and breast
bright rufous; and the flanks with black bands.

PD A73.

2 i
a

i velllogitere: an . U “a La i hk a
one «bigs ox hotles foot

te ecicateninic eae
i 9 it TIAA HAD 9 sauna D :
jad vant allah lun et wa? va anit .vhawilha
ae, ae Ot ee AT.
patty Getoys AME LUeS | wie sagan 2 ole Ga ms sug ae
oes ewolwk mt bi tween SIS Yt Wadi isch ser iMod
Bibyin. wea Berry bpwolde Bagne hy wrt rone "4 staal Howe 3 |
imi ‘3 endtliomg a atu hate ug sig epllirey, Havana asia, -
| ; arpovivaut yaalliol
atid onl ditulaste ot we I shoes cig ctouvene bred aed aie) ee ee
batsolua eared | bevel gon attibwaader sohstit ebeearaginga ”-
znorrad auido orl woheqe: jairdinsin a yd. haeyoo,
bol shot have spac! gol ibow gaol joa Asibur- vba
oo" Prode ‘(eben Nader? Be nits ba il sobrnla ¢gacd Sanda ies
EEE Sein ae cb aay ey

"an RET varie .
1 _ : as | on ee
APeiig, ogo, WETS inal cea BA age. wlloghin Ne /
Vay + arc suediwas poi) ‘sreploan, AMM 3 Will aepesy « sss, |

~ -. 8Pse ethene 4) is ‘sea SOI Dany Wa heverohy cud 7 ony es
panwtiny eucive’ fine sy he a) F) Sagsad sb ieqaly ie on wed, orl ¢
sacle a yi iLi9e™. POU AE 5 vant Ap fice Dire z Aur, at iled the
: . ae) bios ail : delet dg bah repethy
TED apd yo GON ies ae ‘yar, #iooiuy Sat:
VOY ¥ vient) Sal. Mok 2 tlpadie alinntlet?
AES og Tage “A vind stu janes sh (yctakonl
ye 7 A om ee Np
198 “ a wattl ai} bere rey 2t ati 19 hwy i Anite af mn 19, ong bi ie
ait sot Tholivenal WL S$ balsas “L stron ef Ow
atateb.jf Voy Ta per tag ‘ouel E hg: yi fominsgs giao
= fis iol Yee Horaillar Ssilied-dsel oilyumorh vile bisaee

Jovi, a ac. ti brosey ot vAdreaionTae” sshd eqetttacg 19 |
pees ee Oe es Aad peer aie
+ &-biis ene fie Met e-beaa- sortoth Pare ee ake Iter, '
Wind wita en - save (iiid isebs (pda Bb!) .oancl Sad lad |
(ite SU TO OL wey Bray hy i teal A ne 1 ees tohivort ~RASTE iin
Giod Ae oe, al pike siclwy ‘te grits 1 Baie aan sobre oa :
sbieal ay Aigaw? adh valyailt ow! juode tol diasned has oyvoda
SIE Rae abyecn ja doit .wailoy ohaagantiy, mone ti); betuolog
He wgol adi: seilus iy) is ety biog wevOS | wniw: coed, Jagord
Pine teeast len etalnga 8 9 Anud ache diier avata ‘nse glito *
dyad qenit bas tied, wilgints ilo odd ;ayilo, dataword ©”
egal; asald diiwsbeyesd viotonase ote edo gota ean of”
me ee NG | Lg (bid evil odd my. ~~
useinarse ep): heiligd-doat? of¥ eodiogah -tontlied
word dase 4 eltig up ort, asitone. uw thect “tld 7Raal eoilortt =i
lasoid bun Asan oly te pg oicl-adp ; ey auotyr diive, ia
Abowd Mseld “he haut od) bac : : avodor igi . x
. os cAI |

a

Grey CrOWK CH Taiager

A camcapu la

. \

TANAGRA canicapilla,

Grey-crowned Tanager.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Rostrum breve, validum, conicum, basi trigond, lateribus compressis,
culmine levato, mandibuld superiore ad apicem deflexd et emar-
ginatd, inferioris brevioris recta bast crassd, ambarum mar-
ginibus inflexis. Nares parve, bast plumosd, aperturd rotundatd,
nudd. Ale mediocres.

Bill short, strong, conic, base trigonal, sides compressed, culmin
elevated, upper mandible towards the tip deflexed and
notched, under mandible shorter and straight, the base thick,
the margins of both inflexed. Nostrils small, the base feathered,
the aperture round, naked. Wings moderate.

Generic Types. Tanagra Jacapa, tricolor. Motacilla velia, Lin.
Pipra musica. Lin.

SpeciFIC CHARACTER.
T. olivaceo-viridis, infra flava ; vertice cinereo, strigd oculari auri-
busque nigris ; rostro gracili.
Olive green, beneath yellow; crown cinereous, eye stripe and
ears black; bill slender.

Tue Tanagers are a numerous, and, in general, a beautiful
tribe, including some of the most richly coloured birds
of America; to which continent modern ornithologists
consider they are exclusively confined.

M. Temminck proposes to unite with the Tanagers,
several birds scattered in the Linnean Genera of Lanius,
Lowvia, Fringilla, Pipra, and Motacilla. This view of the
subject, it may not be superfluous to add, is in perfect
unison with my own. In fact, I had meditated a similar
arrangement; but the appearance of M. Temminck’s work
rendered the publication of my own remarks no longer
necessary. The bird here figured belongs to that division
which forms a transition to the Sylvie, from which they are
readily distinguished by the thickened base of the under
mandible. It is not uncommon in the West Indies; but
I cannot find it described either among the Tanagers,
Finches, or Warblers of the Linnean school: in this,
however, I may possibly be mistaken. It is represented
the size of life, and is sufficiently distinguished by its
specific character.

Pl, 174,

S 2 ; vy ‘ : ot 4

: if -
ous alee Disa, 5 /
hogan Ms

pos ANE - And

=

oF it iad wand ou ne “gist a0 Prony uctnak, «

+4

ACPA Ln MANN YSIS og

erga) Yo NS ae) ‘Sales ‘bs Ar acv dete bey Divi {Db “re
eae ‘any sah ur oni rT i, i pies. aaa te “Y i bi ‘oie si is \ne a rhe s y mi h
Yoneda to Br 4 h’. of acled | bud: pi =
- “os - 1" 4 Ma Ve i ian viv weat :

ee Atal Soul Sat ia? tole: tie : |
bef iiaccnane eager: ee Loe eae
cides sohii whedon” 2/4)

ete rhe ty kh niganernd : 4 BS
heie., hanon ote gait Se

e ; 7 ‘
KHOR OY) 4 Leop es Wik k OND tap Hy
een ; ’ : '
iA OF t es
} Cs iw! &

"T) ne ae ' meta ek a aT '
a baad, Wks ayn hk Pao us tn aoe eyes ca ics inna: r

wa psa i.) be ; ty Pie
t : : ‘ ; 7 b os re e yo 4
mdtg yea ie, yaw f cyte y wah Wi a 7 i vi, vial a isin tye shia He : ip. i f ,
‘ . *¢ ear es ‘a 2 aityo'e gal gin: ee @* ae
hog. safe. vps aneooreas awa, ; erly éfteraye Kb devig: ol

_ Te Pt 5) ae ‘2 (tabuala pd Gasuld hate ert

i : etme alll a Ae * ;
. P n H a i y * 72 Fy
td thei i (i | copy NST WEE 4 cud it soit WIM 5, ait 243 sy anit Peed
each Daienina yhiiowil’ ps away Ye olay. nuaibula ithe yeashindoes be
aol dad ASS OM. hroRoe te ine, of Seetaeh, Abe
2S J yetiee vit ¢] Tepthyaa on oth volando 4 “ae

etna, dd hie Hire id cnt cal Onep a donimrngt ite?

| : ny Gouata oge! shot Lowrte

Bi ante) a ogre) ave,

od tent ype tL tasida

As AP a ay ie HORT. |
it auld, ee , Ms QaAe, ae
eb aan aed inweg (ab ye oA = S ht Bu: johiaee .
4k ri iat, of Sy 019s ! Saas var ort ltd oo EY . eT
enn yale dtunibr 4 ke wig alt od P otanans & ateroy aout.
thug OS Yo. a ro ; ie ryt ‘pif b &il, Bovteiegotiay sg hibvesea -
ied oll de VY Galt groans ates % Musld (bana aa
| | ve Eh fetonal,, on pete |
Ly’ oleh a A (web,
oud y iawn, “ant 1 rework 4"?
fonda ad ert adel Yo ane, oath ~ 2
_— eS cy han fe, sf satatlo afligaiy

| . ; | wt

~

1 :
‘ y Deer +
* ~
. S "
H ys a
4
7 ;
j ‘
t -
J \
‘ 1
\ ‘ ‘
’ ‘ f ey x ;
‘ \ : ’ TY, ’

(a\ oh ne ON eg 1h T bli’ @ 7 r _
ie hi at Tent Mat 4) ‘ a : ..€ ‘
eee meee eT
eh Gi Gate a easy
: ’ Men Vel oa et mid F oa a ree ms
een yi & a4 yy, ie | Jatt r _— nl =
i 0 . , :
oy 1
1
at
we) -—
13
fi
a
Pi (
, ar
by 6
°
7
~
4
is 2
ae {
Sav ‘
ghee 7
‘Lies
Da '
rae
ity it
- -
pia)
a
7 <i
r-)
han
y ‘
Py »!
7

ry oad
hie hes vs

acl re h fei itt ion.

oy ae

a
es oe

Rieti a

; as te Oke we ie

oe: motes bt bs a a , ;

> ent: bebe Stueeegs yeh oats 0s Ey Cx @ |
Ted’ ee. Se Sonar fee | '

Toi , At J , 4 .
; : 4 i ALS

cm as o H ' , ret :

; ie ee re He Went $524 we
ee ihe! tod (at tee “Sa eedler’
a Samet i. we ¥ es =
fe ‘dei enna eisltieats i oh! gut il pate
ame Nh wilh bee 1g odin Sts sotbe ¥

* the: bay: Seria ,
- ok slats ene Miithinn 4,
: helene

i
4
.
t. ©
{
”
es: 7
‘
a é
®
'
SH,
@
’
‘
.
.

.
saat)
— =
as
1
aa
i
Y
G2.

~~
= a
> ae

AMPULLARIA leucostoma,
White-mouthed Apple Snail.

GENERIC CHARACTER.—See PI. 98.

SpEciric CHARACTER.

A testé ovatd, rugosd, epidermide olivaceo-fuscd ; labio eaterwore
tenui; aperturd alba; umbilico vix clauso.

Shell oval, wrinkled; epidermis olive-brown; outer lip thin;
aperture white ; umbilicus nearly closed.

ee

Iw prosecuting my illustrations of this genus, I have care-
fully examined all the specimens in the cabinets of my
friends, and have added many to my own. These materials
have thrown some additional light on those species which
I have already described, and have enabled me to detect
several others altogether new. Among the latter is the
shell here figured, and which is so rare, that I know but
one example of it in this country. Its form is more
oval than that of A. rugosa, from which it is likewise
distinguished by a very small umbilicus, nearly concealed
by the inner lip; the wrinkles are numerous and unequal,
the spire pointed, and the aperture milk-white. er

Since my remarks on the Planorbis cornu-arietis of
Lamarck were published, it has been discovered that the
shell is furnished with an operculum: one of these is in the
possession of Mr. Sowerby: thus what was a matter of
doubt becomes a fact, and affords the only substantial argu-
ment for terming it an Ampullaria. On the other hand,
its affinities to Planorbis (marked by its discoid, depressed
form, and the total absence of the pillar,) remain in no
degree impaired. The weight of argument on both sides
now appears to be so equal, that it is a matter of no
moment whether this shell be placed in the system at
the end of the Ampuliariz, or at the commencement of
the Planorbes. To the generality of conchologists, the
latter collocation would appear the most simple; but, on
the whole, I incline more to the propriety of considering
it the terminal species of the Ampullaric, or that
which marks their transition (as I before observed) to the
Planorbes.

El 175.

o \ ian ai @ ere
‘ ; a - Clipe ; MONS
: fi aan a ee ve
' 7 : : i . ' t . i ee ty oi bs
oft nits wade attr r es in Fidel U4 Mi he
\
tas sisi a mite see Wy: ss hawout tia Ww om
| nemattae— ly - r] :
BR AN ogi 8 2 RRA adore (EDF 7
a he yo m Oe en, ‘ nine 4 b)
7) I ie Hi " ey ‘ay fe we 2 et 4 i ay, or : 1 Z
, ota) 19 oul vot ms wanes s sowhb ie baa iam, tien. ‘
% wey a hy ved = oie alive ; ia vi ate 4 vol she
Woche aged gana oy hpi here 14) » fiokdueeay age Belt
i frakus pth bea) ae (idan: “abate airing: Pee J
an AO nertnin simon Vhs ri BE hs caine c

bee when Fou Toy High W wes duet its xa ritanoseotg |

gets bo fs Meanie itiieay SaLk, o butane, nia ‘a
es 10M Oe FU eter shi wad | hare hush» |
ay el ie aot < Obes a ‘dakai then adhe aePawy ou ond.) 2

, jigs yy ip | eat) (sohdl ageen Owe rn Hig ha btvoetaly muh te ayaa j \ ras
Gi 2 Rad Wel), GetWeley ele dali Gila eae faowyadiod poy
Lied swan Ay 4 ait ius th; tite bu .batirait wrod Made. ;
niaerae” aliwk 9 lange arta ant) att fi. alg cana, eee
Wits aut a yh paren At Pe a rons favo
; Heol iaaapers ays ' > ie yeti i Lape Migs a i vehaniey sitet

EL ae kak gil yorgh wit, yd
Le rin ye HUE MURAI |e og

i ; gen yi ; oul i
(4 SET inet ton dckvgg hl ved hiatal “gobreatins | pas’ “gon,

i Fe Ge | | “vith rena ie yyilaildagy aa “dormant
“til Gt ule) WO seri Zain Me aga ae mle hanlaieten at forte’
hie wheat mp asye tailye, art : why wig Wh Wy commana

tt (ta! uit ? iin § qu eon haw: dow oe RES vs a kiiob |
btm OO eas Matin Raed ath uttenst pOt dat
1 ys Bk) bad dis) ch4 } sadronel 4), asthe, Ae
in itt to abtaa, Lehap odd brim 2, nGh.
Bo OTe i bas he, buh eh ANT © basal: goTaell
¢ ¢ vet

ar” Th Aa a ee atl) A cis eit Sd va! ete Sq WO

Av (kee al as eli] i q Gada wine esil3ouk ‘wT, Atrosow

bo he pb al cee atte oily Yo bivs adh oe
ol)... weet 09 wile ‘oY esha edt
Ai rae yale anit epg, Bee gailedolies qeshsai|

ynerydiawo: bo Yip Oe? gael pivtheseth, ¥ ylodw odd: |
ROL ae Peer nits Bu aad had OLIN fodiens dt Si 0

ad thewiiell gsctouli £ ap): Noten ab AM iael) ab giant, thoipiw

te’) 4h aee | a ap | eon’ yh

; . P
: ; ; a co A i a; au AT :
n ° ~~
nan ’ be
f
i ee t
i
“ :
_
. ' < 4 i

176

ae » : - a —

pA Wat ene ‘debit,

0G, AEs aics. v> : rer ue by

ste eit heirs Gi; oc Ln Piany U - y ‘
Soa) ° -” ‘5 ¢ * oc. rt a a 4 " Rs,
Nad “\farrrvag? 14 hs vm GiiAD ite, -4 4 ri
x, aad 3 : .

. = ee
© eon

a 7 ,

7a ae is Se PP 2s zie

late

a coe | at wie

vanes fe yg) 7 :
ea >

Ev NO velvet 4

=
«é ? id
— TLS ; r
Se HS eo ( iu ;
a © ~ J ‘ .
an 4 @ir.: ’ asi Ms ‘ it
7 . . j
ais ttt ISAT 8? th i
. bd ‘
§
‘
bps ‘
wy .
7
- 1
v
J
- r &

ee

aed

««

™~«

ANODON elongatus,

Lengthened Anodon.

GENERIC CHARACTER. — See PI. 96.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

A. testa transversim oblonga, crassd, antice compressd, extremitate
utrdque rotundatd; umbonibus valde prominentibus, crassis ;
lamind cardinali convexd.

Shell transversely oblong, thick, anteriorly compressed, both
extremities rounded ; umbones very prominent, thick ; hinge-
plate convex.

Tuis extremely rare shell bears not the least resemblance
to any which Lamarck has described, or with which I
am acquainted. It was formerly in the late Mr. Forster’s
collection, and is now in the possession of Mrs. Mawe. Its
form is like that of Unio ovatus (Mya ovata of Montague),
but it is a much thicker and stronger shell; the posterior
end is greatly compressed, but round; the umbones convex,
remarkably thick, and deeply eroded; the imside pearly
and iridescent, with a strong flesh-coloured tinge; the
ligamental or hinge-plate is perfectly smooth, and rather
convex; the muscular impressions are deep.

One valve of the specimen above alluded to (the only one I
have seen), is uncoated, and beautifully iridescent. Its country
is unknown—but | think it may prove a native of the
South American rivers.

Pl. 176.

‘' ee 4 c
+ NG AE WOR ars ak ou ee) aan as
| . Ut 1 ed ila 65 So
; a hater) FEET ear at r ~ Re
va West ' fers gr: Ks 1 at naive Argo aia Sy eih eee. *
=, a Reka awit ni tt swe raed ib “phates } - sbnhyelar:
~ Ths a : io 0 Aa Ane) seat Setned f
idteyif, Rit syaveyenrny: abiobaltig “ala itt: “ga -¥ cdaroraigent fod.
~iigetieh pala ts disor At vie roorhdori 5 balieeior suis ae, wae
| : a Oe aah OST 5 en ataty i
iam in
| goieidaraes: tpl. odt torn aied lide otis piomegtee BP
P doi djiw nt Deal tsa) anal Sevigrn. doihw> yas OF .
as araseyo'D ahi ahak sis a Ye elas sry! ea 31. .batotenpoe ane
a 2). van okt Vea Daas nq alt ah were tay bee’ tipsbslloa |
Taigeloal A) to sew ig hy wy bivaity aie! te ged elt al axial”
tolrariog: att ide wyyos bist “eilaid) deat & et tt Sind
= * ery, ny eobeed Tyga <a F bie i Sid hides ub sro leer bal bene: :
‘hinge, sbdeash ‘ont. shor eiquah ce aot yidemantet ;
oi was fore rol ada! Bootes “hihi sates baa <
; sort fet Linke As yee vi [inal tay ae Se dab ryniael! es Yettontiail . is
F We i shy ote Seetaa aTeprint ‘taluoartta: oot 2 xeeHO9™,
lang fave gull yor Cod sies hus aowittinl mi aLree vitt to avi, pat) 7
avin won 2th dnt sheik Yt whi) “ hice HBO, yn We Afra need
nly TO eyelet qvong VG aint, eis be 3c eo st eka eo
hy Cath eo a ee a ieahioh aye a ;
mi a GD, See a re eo x
Be Saya

~
“NI
aa

titzicd, .
le My are

.

TURBINELULUS spirillus,
Carinated Turnip Shell.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Testa pyriformis wel fusiformis, sub-ponderosa. Apex papillosus.
Columella plicata. Labium interius margine dilatatum. Canalis
elongatus, rectus.

Shell pear-shaped or fusiform, heavy. Apex papillary. Pillar
plaited. Interior lip with the margin dilated. Canal
lengthened, straight.

Generic Type. Voluta Pyrum. Lin.

Specrric CHARACTER.

T. pyriformi ; sprd depressd, apice prominente ; anfractu basali
carinato ; labio intertore dilatato, albo ; columelle basi plicatd.

Shell pear-shaped; spire depressed, apex prominent; basal whorl
carinated, interior lip dilated, white; base of the pillar one-
plaited.

Murex spirillus. Gmelin, 3544. Dillwyn, 721.

Martini, 3. tab. 115. f. 1069. Knorr, 6. tab. 24. f 3.

rE

In assigning a situation, under the modern system, to the
Murex spirillus of Linneus, no genus appears to me more
adapted for its reception than that of Turbinellus. These
shells were formerly blended with the Linnzan Volutes,
but are now detached from them as a distinct genus. The
most striking peculiarity consists in the prolongation of the
base into a long and straight canal; they possess, in
common with the Volutes, a papillary spire, and, in general,
their surface is smooth. There are, however, other shells
classed by the French conchologists with this genus, from
their having a plaited columella; in these, the apex of
the spire is acute, the base truncated, and the outside
rough with nodules or obtuse spines; characters so greatly
at variance, and so very distinct from those first men-
tioned, that it becomes questionable whether these latter
shells should not rather be classed as a distinct group: in
fact, they are much more nearly allied to Mitra and Can-
cellaria, which have acute spires, sculptured volutions, and
truncate bases, than to the smooth Turbinelli, which differ
so strikingly in all these particulars.

This shell is common to many parts of the Indian Ocean ;

and, like most of the smooth Turbinelli, has the inner lip
dilated.

Pl. 177.

hes u,
| ute
sk Fi : : 7 f ih - MM ‘ a my b « fi, sf My
vn’ i a Tad ier Ae re “i nf ae va 7 han =)
7 oN 4h b yeh ghaco ih, yay ed ; :
ae th a rt i Vy ‘a vn, me ON Aunthihisk Oe | aaa
: we : a v Re ee a hes ‘sD (ott wy
; - ae ne Cr a aid 4% a . ee t : iASeeeue thea ;
Piya: ; rr 4 +21, hy iy ay ar) eh ek a ‘ve y ! ‘pitied ” ( “ | ;
8 ~ n v AU a) met . Maas at se | aw
; ‘ Be ;
\ ery} a
i iy ; ; ; 2 Lae ; aa) z ah ;
: ’ : 4 ie i e co rae
a Siete fel sue is
Ls ’ r *osee i i a feta: F ; Aa [se
me wr bi am ad «fone seat Biri pew
vin ist diy ' i Leg fe ye RACES” dy. : eof
ae . o \ ti 7 3 tes A ae [ ‘ed
h aN.) ieee Pri if uf
i b A y U ae pee ah 4 J <n a7 a
F fl or wv, ; ie
Wass 2 nen rope a i jie ae ay
9 45 «ait Kak Thi “a eins: via
7 eneee 4 a) Li's vet at jae 1GP Sokuie.
oe oo) fer + Ural T}.. ze ay 4 aban
| we vat is Prat iit. host ay wid poe
Pg ; mu ie apse’ sania os
D1 ENS het Ga mp) “engl ;
~ Pa re Bd iif at igo af ® we ee ne
nN om hanes
" ais. sll.) ie
' . +i vy
j eo or
a oan , na an : hee Kar
7 a ahaa Ald é Node tie “ih iy Lae re oe =)
‘ be as sai iG: j wads Shas ie Hides ag, By apne A ri Wane
ws J i be £3) rity 1 Hidesbe % We oa Mist Swe on a4
: Hi afte sel aoe Dapeiag Wa 2 al Ny halt bane Oe
Was =:
4 ye aeul Ly eae wl ieee sour bli eal 4) alade,
; ha Cu. dost YY Ah, Anat
. PENG PCE ea 1 gale ean ;
4 neh oi ‘ot Gad rae, aoa yall
: bo, i Mehler “4. iv ve “tt Hike aa igh § , it ‘a a agin O& Wag
. ual 8) cmadaie h salto, aed (rani 5) Oui i aAk hale: didhe ny” :
Mii ia is ; Hy KR dal, A i i Ayre Pi diuounm cL i: ee taostt adh t ben x
rat "44. "Re ioe i . chalet
‘ a | } i 4 eV : nt ; i
a. a ‘ p ‘oat Bi | "
= ¥ Hy i. ys a : ;
i | | oo > Ley i
7 =
ee) ; ~
i . : ] ae . Pig
2 . : : we ee) te

178

-_
y :
igh in hee,

f

ad

BUCERQOS coronatus,
Coronated Hornbill.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Rostrum elongatum, crassum, inane, deflecum, marginibus obtuse
crenatis, epithemate inant, formd vario, in mandibulam superiorem
wmposito. Nares basales, ovate, (lingua brevis, angusta, acuta.
Illiger.) Pedes gressori.

Bill elongated, thick, hollow, deflexed, the margins obtusely
crenated, with excrescences of various forms placed on the
upper mandible. Nostrils basal, oval, Tongue short, nar-
row, pointed. Feet gressorial.

Generic Types. B. Rhinoceros, bicornis. Linn.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

B. niger, abdomine, strid utrinque occipitali, aprceque rectricium albis ;
rostro subcristato, (carinato,) rubro. Shaw.
Black Hornbill, with the abdomen, stripe on each side of the nape,

and tip of the tail white. Bill slightly crested, (carinated,)
and red.

Le Calao Couronné male. Le Vaill. Ois. d’ Af. vol. 0. p. 117, pl. 234.
Buceros coronatus, Coronated Iornbill. Shawn Gen. Zool. 8. p. 35.

ree

Tus bills of these birds present a more uncouth appearance
than even those of the Toucans; many species having knobs
or excrescences which seem to grow out of the bill itself,
and give a strange appearance to the bird. The whole tribe
are natives only of the tropical parts of Africa and Asia;
feeding on animal substances, either living or dead.

Le Vaillant discovered this bird in Caffraria ; congregating
in flocks of near 500, along with crows and vultures, over
the remains of slaughtered elephants. It frequents forests,
perching on high, and generally withered trees ; it likewise
destroys insects.

The specimen now before me is about the size of a
magpie; the white collar only surrounds the back of the
head, and is not well defined; the carinated process on the
bill ends abruptly, and not gradually, as seen in Le Vaillant’s
figure ; the margins are obtusely crenated, the tail even, and
the two middle feathers entirely black.

Pl. 178.

fe Pt Oy a iF i cf Whe oes Be eee
“) e 7 i) oy 5 . } v i) a v eA 1 ; . ; vim " ; Dy A :
. yo ats inte me My, Ye o nh el
. 4 ri a tk 2 oe a suitor o 7
hen seal Seaman . wy
‘ ‘ wa : 7” p ry 1
Pe hiury te te fey ag ied
ik N » : oi
To Naina t wen deebayion Pe SRY, ft Say tus vy % ‘ery Patt “apitilaa :
. mart . dine 0 ann! ener author coinage let iain oe
- \ pitta msi} plano uso} Byres ng . awe
fy See hy ald he oh Wes \ (iat
aN iy Rss: 4 4 ith ‘ i A Fs he oho targ yA at
ow | Te ar Pea graye,
5 hd iden ot by be na
a ats Hane Le pte. ye ;
fd a4 8 Po “ eat ne nk a ee
; wa fee WN maaan Genie
Ms ; eon aa sd “fan rs fees =e
‘s ep Aray ae - Lae ie E ;
= ee Se 2 | oa ee Cee ee a .
<e Pn uay sine eey) ahs Sah SMV ey “YANN akehh, erogene Eo"
- i) oN Reha pay LAs
; o qfhyert hyh t + Abia Rive ot Ag
2 . ee
Ll RY ho “hak 1
. tC ate }
y Mi) fe
uy Pah) ange», i
to) Siu a Y teg
. bye Yo wie Fh ad
re aa Sus WO psi , 1h
: Ke ; ve cp oie need he :
y J Soe, ae ie : ; i " Ea 2
OTe TOE ears B oe his KT ay Tih] !
Pty TAME fuego ph
{ 9 hein
clin ways eae ip es
pen ra # te Rett ae ambadt
peuTER ae ssi aneltt sf al
i a-8 dlp nie
Mit anhomae'r edt
if > ke9) oh = furl uty guide se
y ta es a a igs! carosant a¢6tbesh
8°00 emi and Shoe ee ony oretad won iets meee ‘atl
“jj ‘ 4 fy dm P éf alt nf iu Yule wlan viediy? J ‘ ye iyi We ie) Ie; 90% AIK.
elf mo. eenncie DS ae whe 4 shin! hah reer: Sout’ aes Lac vk sad
vo Ta. a ee } y ,
BPA FAA an wana AB wis mie vee Bi, hie: aie ahem hid:
4 Fst, iY brid ashe whe NAITO disepads Sp ait iain Shi , Te ye
} . sahsagtel ply as ' stool es ath) im owl adt ©
en een ; . zi \
| ; ai ; Phe
¢ 7 » *
Ms ,
5 : wool ~

.

MUSCIPETA labrosa,
Red-lipped Flycatcher.

GENERIC CuHaracrer.—See Pl. 116.

SPECIFIC CUARACTER.
M. nitide mgra ; rictu labroso, rubro ; cruribus infra genua plumatis.

Glossy black; gape margined by a red skin; legs feathered beyond
the knees.
EE

Tuts bird, though unattractive in its colours, is nevertheless
very remarkable. It may be almost said to have lips; for
round the gape, at each angle of the mouth, is a narrow
loose skin; perfectly naked, and rather projecting. This
singularity is increased by its colour in the live bird; which,
by a note attached to the specimen, is stated to be of a
beautiful red. It seems a species hitherto unknown, and
was found near the Great Fish River of Southern Africa.

The figure is rather less than the natural size ; the whole
plumage deep black; glossed with bluish green in every
part but the quill and tail feathers; the quills inside are
grey, margined with olive; the first of these is very short,
the second and third shorter than the fourth, and the two
next are nearly of equal length. The tail has ten feathers,
and is even, except the two outer pair, which are progres-
sively shorter. The bill rather thick and strong, the culmine
not very apparent, the upper mandible strongly notched, the
under but slightly ; the nostrils are hid by thickset incum-
bent feathers, mixed with hairs; these cover the aperture,
which is rather large, round, and encircled by a narrow
membrane. The legs are very short, the three fore-toes
united as far as the first joint, the hind-toe short; the claws
of all are small, and the sole of the foot perfectly flat, like
the Bee-eaters. I have been minute in noting these cha-
racters, because, although the bird will stand at present in
the great family of the Flycatchers, there is no doubt they
will hereafter be divided into distinct groups.

Pl. 179.

“ebeanik ATG 2% a P) U ue a

if rotoroagt boqgiosh

i

' ‘ 7 ; i 3 ’ i .
VOtt IM dott sano asa. Homage se ;
Agere ABO FEUD | » _
‘ '

AV acailss, yang, alias einer yen: orn abiviul whan. Sie Shs WL

hapyod Bevatinal pol, ; ain bias (d hooraneis aging, 3 fouitis yenoteh: :

eM sds |

ne at oe " nmon~ oul lad

oes Holdas rs ett ai aa usON ed) ae ovigenyad sha wos ‘nid wk

yb wap svad ot bitd-Jaonle oil ve “oidouginent yor +
HOUR 8 at Alia 0 ‘ 33 tp ahy cn, 1 Oa fae 4e8 ashy beans. ;

aid T Baoa(ory rockin bus bates yiostssg “sniale 42g01

Maiden; bridiavi) odd at syolow adi gd heanomani, ui yiiulugaig,
uo. 10. af ob hedeie ab Las aioe add ob Hadaette ston 8 yd —
buy wiworday obsoddid paiooge & goon, a1. vhor, pees -

“aint ert: sda to sql daih JuasD ott BOTT humote
tail mw ond: asia ‘ote is oF canal saob taddwt al i vue a ae
wave af aesry daiid ols beevoly ;aoald -qasb agenualy,

win, obiasit tian ods: death tia gn nen gilt jud. tng.

Niodn: yey af exojht le laa " savito algae, homing yein
ae sivhak albu Ob | it da tehoda built baw fodda old

oat urhagd fiat fd - Aigir a bie a to vlusen o1n, 2s

m6 sey 1402 E So tk yinl ae Usg va ho Cowes ld iguaxe ove Fxg bape
Jainyluo if? waoite Las, ddjd) vats (hed Bw Toviors: yous
aa ‘he aff i yoe ae ' Tcl ikats eau wage cit daovaggh 9 jun

eee sie sada fd date, ana ultibepis,’ yi t aie idgite,; iud ‘rabrta

riage ot wav09 sesdd..; ela clit baxinn vara geat tend

visemes a balouart’s ‘hak has, 104 otél +odsax ay dont

cio ondt att Wsode way, one egol at “onetlorsar

putts ath «dade Woden nigel ould Mr ‘tenit othe, ae ‘tat af bani
dele till, ¢Uselsag- toot od} Yo slo ils. feeble tative owt tie To
Bab. sinh} aud an ne avai v iasad avin anode cris | oaks:

f ie Mn i ; tah : ra r .
yodt juuvb on 4p aio edaieoy lh otf tay tant este ane:
‘4 ydied y) dade aapes Hobs od iHleotod Mive
dt
f ' -

fh Dray, te bane live Tanke Syuowie .getboud. eater -

8 Gat
.

‘ond tes te 3
ee EGOS
¢ pe ere
o ais Was

TURODUS vociferans,
Calling Thrush.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
T. cinereus, infra ferrugineus ; temporibus auribusque migris ; caude
rotundate pennis mediis nigris, lateribus ferrugineis.
Cinereous, beneath ferruginous; ears and sides of the head black ;
tail rounded, middle feathers black, lateral feathers ferruginous.
Le Reclammeur. Le Vaill. Ois. d’ Af. tom. 3. p. 33, pl. 104.

ee

I can find no account of this bird in any writer besides
Le Vaillant, who discovered it during his travels in Southern
Africa. He says the note of the male bird is loud and
melodious, and is heard in the morning and evening from
the highest branches of lofty trees; the sexes being usually
seen together. Le Vaillant relates an amusing anecdote,
which well illustrates the peculiar note of the male :— One of
his Dutch Hottentots, by name Piet, having shot a female,
its mate continued to fly around him, uttering its ery, which
so much resembled the Dutch words of Piet myn vrow, (or,
‘ Peter—my wife,’) that the poor lad (perfectly astonished)
took to his heels, and vowed never more to handle a gun.

Length seven inches and a half; the upper plumage is
dark cinereous: on each side the head is a stripe of black,
which encircles the eye, and forms a patch on the ears: the
whole of the under plumage is clear ferruginous yellow or
bright buff colour; the rump and lateral tail feathers the
same, the middle pair being entirely black; the next pair
has likewise a narrow margin of the same colour: quills
and wing-covers dusky brown, with pale cineredus margins.
Tail rounded : legs pale: irides hazel: bill rather small and
black, compressed the whole length, and having weak bristles
at its base.

This bird obviously belongs to the Thrushes; but as I
have not yet defined the extent of the genus to my own

satisfaction, I refrain at present from proposing its characters.
Pl. 180.

-

é + ani 2 a @ a U ae
kan ‘380 y

f i ‘ Laat. SAD & Be il ah : i ' 7

aera Oe ane

dinbtiany? Srivanae fh wie ge ane . ,

i shila ‘tag sings ana anibinaquent 1 sige bi\na aovsvandy
ve Aa soi x si, saitivsyol eye she “Mt sESHON aah oy,
Sasi ba “yl atts Mi ‘gibia.ban 299 panoaiginalt dinanrd purogyani
~ Attoniggle 3) cesedde ah: invotal dopl ziaelty “ot olsfoiasy fvabanascry tint, a

arr! a re pm bOL Age Ae hm, ay “ai as om i iO i TH Siosensig ha at)

, :
i

~ ¢ r i + n ot

" “heen aah Ns +a) waa
= : in -
ai } ; {

Miodino® ci alaraat eid wlimh a borguoonib ae isle ack
bene. bul ai, ‘beid, pir ele “sd ‘te, ation, add» he, oH. wars
pied. gin Ty bee. ero |
vite iF MOR, & Pires oat ¢ ait Hot Yo eadoanrd. seaigid oda
‘gealiaions ‘Baie WED: fds eddeton ‘sabia wd. Avdtoget a9 S.
fo anO--: leaps ad rf shot wilunag ailisnsbortenlli Mew sdoichasp
_ Saal ie tule Birizn of dak Tomndas ed adoluoniol doqudl ait
clistebve. . YW Bi abibss mone biyous 4h us baeablaoy wet ati
18) ares vay ih Aq, veo sts oh “adi ig Jentsuert! doves ‘aa
Cbarheinendy G uwseag) aah ery edi ayts (“aba (htm Was
Roe ollyawd Oo}, p1gist, {a Gort iy yor baw ei aid oF Aged,
b agemuily: 1agGqH ply ‘Aled BR heen aaclont me Rom ynod
vdsold ta aqitts fv Dead pili oli aan thes an aah. Aaah:
oat: > einG « etl ouch ose b vs Sy fie ve oilt eal pias doidyy
10: wollire eno nigurall navio 1 at ognestily roam sib to, abode
ud, atoll iar laratal ing: qons't, 94h. ; solos Bud Adgiedy
uidg Ini oid ; Aonld Sass. syed ae slb shine inte od) yocerda.
uy: swroloa Saisie fens 44 atigats Yo Fann Sahu antl.

ee tid deow ea vail inetd je stra! yee epee i shea pany “eae

, | bandels, io
Lab tud < ada) 903 ‘oF zynolud ylavoido bad ante
WH Veh OM Pi alt, ‘ta. fookeh Ot hoaitsh fay Jon await, c
Matasiuuls edi wnix: 24nd mud jugar la vietias j duitseiaiias \
a:

7

; sahiaod ‘asdive ite ot bid ied’ jo. Jauosae ve bin goth -

1

ene ; 4 a Sy? ve.

st i brood ai Hae, uoivalaga: fs

ig F

6

\

ei

VOLUTA Pusio,
Dwarf Volute.

Generic Cuaracter. —See Pl. 161.

Speciric CHARACTER.

V, testd ovato-obtusd, flavescente, fasciis pallidis, maculis fulvis inter=
stinctis cinctd ; anfractu basalt obtuse nodoso ; spird brevissimd,
acutd ; columelld incrassatd, multiplicatd.

Shell ovate-obtuse, yellowish, with pale bands and fulvous spots ;
body whorl crowned by compressed obtuse nodules; spire
very short, acute; pillar thickened with many plaits.

Voluta Pusio. Swainson, in Tilloch’s Ph. Journal, vol. 61. p. 378.

Liamancx’s recent account of this genus, in the last volume
of his Antmauz, contains but two species in addition to those
long ago described by him in the Annales du Mus.; thus
omitting many of those new Volutes which of late years
have been discovered. On the other hand, this naturalist
has created five species from the varieties of V. musica Lin.
resting their characters on colour, bands, and the number of
the lesser or spurious plaits on the pillar. It requires no
argument to prove that these principles of distinction are
the most uncertain he could have chosen; scarcely two
specimens of V. musica being found alike. These supposed
species must, therefore, again merge into one.

The shell before us has more important characters ; the
body whorl is quite smooth, but crowned by compressed
truncated nodules; the spire remarkably short, and the tip
acute ; in other respects it approaches to V. virescens Sol.
(Polyzonalis Lam.) and to V. fulva Lam. I have neither of
these shells at present before me; but if Lamarck’s descrip-
tion of them, and the figures which he has cited, be correct,
I have no doubt they are but one species; V. polyzonalis
being the smooth, and V. fulva being the nodulous variety of
Solander’s V. virescens. In fact, Lamarck says both shells
are transversely striated.

V. pusio is a shell of the greatest rarity, and is described
from a specimen in the collection of my friend Mr. Broderip.
Its form is perfect, but its colours are somewhat faded.

Pi. 181.

“sea h , J Re o ve
al : ‘onl

’
eaten!

a v tor ; Wik: %: ara ie

Blaqnete ~ Rayner tise aXe “
Wisner: aston
vee Sh Saale! i ia

aiviols SY) 4 o% aido-edego ib ce
ene ed banwora biodw zhod<~
willig i odwons ioslo gees
aes oat cima’

e ARP RE E mala wetoes Ae

shoe wath se +5 ane bay ince she snl dhesnantberices

¢ HOR eva hae
eicinc yawn
"he cine delve thy

Wig a Aap, Mose av A Apa te sores mi

enema seraiaatestias (A \\. 9

o708 iteoote Pere
‘taanin eid 10.

og vu ee tits bes eh owe r hid se

wis « styl

igi Sonis i aid ae eT nes

nh #9! rere ey nt hats wid, frre
SRE tes . AO ns a 28 sinsl ‘at iont> pnitast |
. yO bee fl ald ~
ey ot ud JusHu Ie
wig “saom “atl
} woorasean wv] To“emautioe o24j8
Maer ile anion city erated) gaunt ® RoOaaa
bis Hy. bai pe A BHeh Ts vt aed tia ate ont
Jud lieonye atinn ai Todw chod
nant -onketn old yas sla bore vib styouupih
cong. di etsaqare yido. di 7 stan
for be a.(: — “es washahl } >
ran ellodd saods
oe a voit i wal ") Me gh isk ” onary ft ads tals mods lo ort!
aw vod tdugh om avai]
NM farm: acest old yaisd —
danbinloe
fept anny 6
ye} 1) (taits 2 6 al riven N
ya te — lov wilt wi npenoage A nloat
oi did Joskiade at wget ait.

oy His ‘ia (>

WH? stad tit yey
nea abe waif

Ny ony JugtigiE »

eh Litheguoa, OT

\

:
.

i is a

CYPRQA spadicea,
Chesnut Cowry.

GENERIC CHaractTER.—See Pl. 111.

Spreciric CHARACTER.
C. testd ovatd, oblonga, immaculatd ; dorso rufo ; ventre albo ; late-
ribus hvidis.
Shell ovate-oblong, unspotted; the back reddish chesnut; belly
white ; sides livid.
C. spadicea. Swainson, in Tilloch’s Ph. Mag. vol. 61. p. 376.

— Eee

In shape and general aspect this shell somewhat resembles
C. onyx; but its colours are so peculiar, that it cannot be
mistaken for that or any other known species: the under
side (or belly) is convex and pure white; the sulcations
between the teeth of the aperture wide, short, and but faintly
marked ; the sides livid, tinged with flesh colour. Three
specimens have fallen under my observation; one of which,
being young, showed the internal colour of the back to be
dull purple ; they were all received by Mrs. Mawe from the
South Seas.

CYPRCA sanguinolenta,
(Middle figures.)

C. testd ovato-oblongd, dorso punctis fuscis, nebulosis, obsito ; lateribus
incarnato-violaceis, lividé guttatis ; ventre depresso.

Shell ovate-oblong, the back clouded, and dotted with brown; sides
flesh-coloured violet, with dark livid spots; belly depressed.

C. testd ovato-oblongd, cinereo-cerulescente, fulvo vel fusco fasciatd,
lateribus incarnato-violaceis, sanguineo-punctatis. Lam. Syst. 7.
p. 396.

C. sanguinolenta. Gmelin, 3406. Turton, 4. p. 335. Dill. 445.
Martini, 1. t. 26. f.265, 266. Ency. Meth. pl. 356. f. 12.

C. purpurascens. Sw. in Tilloch’s Ph. Mag. 61. p. 376.

Gwecin and Lamarck have both described the lateral
spots on this shell as blood-red. Their descriptions in other
respects are loose, and the figures by Martini so bad, that it
is with some doubt I have here placed my purpurascens as a
variety of Gmelin’s sanguinolenta. The back of the shell is
minutely freckled with brown; the under part (or belly) is
flattened ; the spots on the sides dark livid purple, and the
base of the aperture effuse. It is, I believe, a native of
Southern Africa.
Pl. 182.

aah 6 DEL
ee are Bae » asitea® are

ie

\ : : lan or U

ATT IY aot et nstAD oraanaD

of

achrosmaiek are: * 2%
“ab poly 4 Liseidd othe oath < itolisonsmtaed” Ayaan\to dine bie
ee eae 5° ethigth andes

eltsd +4 tuigodo. faible 5 deed od; :baltogent .snolde-stiva Toda
Peas : ge’ a: ent aobia jottdw = 7 *

OVE 4 Pe ro) dos gph WL af: wine we aennant inn? Oe
i} a a ion Shinadtahiaieaaeene j a's i

zaldnsmest. tad gona. Hot width &: oagen lursiieg Sais Saat ane |
ot Jonagn. ii tne ie csilsoeq oa cir spol eit tud = BHO na 1
' gales 9d ayes mye pater f watiio yns,to Jet tol. steanie a)
sdontuelue odg. rotiiw Ys bes FOROS al (ylicd fo}. yy opie) 6
glinial tad tute taope-.abiv opmtrags aldo ifiont ath wgwisd
edt. <maofoo “kesh tsi, Br ast i) bivil: eobta, och = eaires

Meitheto ono |; poiennet, 4a robes wate ote! aaeRUaStS

wy
*
Tt
h

é

r

lad oF Bad aut 3 io. “t@lao Innstedsn a) bowdde, ila BAER 7) ae
od on wee EL. i bapa pre sor ile at a gad ; ‘slgaag Hut $ a
(oneal a a a

\
~ S F tah , { Lips f
ih, Ww, {
rte ft pis es st j
mn ae i Mops 5 é
; ih Tienes J A x i
Shuts ih : Okuly Pat Fey t 7 i vers eee ating wyetos iy Ri iorots pay isheak in
Orewa 5 ard Sh aime Tey “hota Nay eb UNA. | FS
rabie. eq etonengst. eid ive hedtubsl { roy ait bah volo fen dail tenoldy lave Isle
5 eaves vi path, yabing hivit aaaks dite | alone hoje Texts! eoty a
SN, Sess, Mek sah, ah aw hyd eet) chypoldoaginge” Wit 3
¢ ay ya sy PNT ta ‘a %¢) yi aa i Ini te ‘syey pau rm |
: 4 t pate) 94
th 4 +” ee ¥ he f ma or Pe 4
SPR VOL GRAD phosdy titaban S> ) LE ome Bet — ‘
t ee ns a a 9, ee ve i) oan oar '
BRAGG, Mak oii aie Peed Sa Bs 3, ra wot Ati
(ATE oy dD ole GR cae aus vate | paunaeaepusg 2)
r adane | '

bedi soi laid oll evntl aa au 6) = pen eee @
mito rae SHOU MRR OT? yates boa-bosd dae Tey ztite FEI) ite Baye
MEGS Oe 2 ie MS ge urate dee Pre Aa oih aRhitle

7 AS ey EDU WEE haaalt wialh avid ti tte estreaei (ELON otal”
at Alstle. alia dosed od fos Wik MUSTO oboe to yong?”
ab Culiodl to) darth sobgasiosl? Th: wins ‘due boblapil vivian’ 5!
on) bit olyioty biwtbdreh,aabie oft 1OyK ee Sep eae
> ARTE Br TE pl okt i] ~ 2eeLD out Fou Sf tito, Sead
1 ges sot A a ADR
ee ee er ee 0 5 ‘sort 4
; b - _ bak ;
:
y
;

GENERAL INDEX

OF
LATIN AND ENGLISH NAMES
TO
VOL. Ill.
IN THE ORDER OF PUBLICATION.
er ——
FL Pl.
AMPULLARIA corrugata . 120 Wrinkled Apple-snail .) H2D
pce Javanica 121 |} Javanese Creeper 2 E28
Shen VSR? bait 1 92 |} Common striped Achatina. 122
_ ditto, var. 3 and 4 123 ditto a lee

Licinia Crisia 124 |} Licinia Crisia . 124
Papilio Nerius . 125 || Papilio Nerius . . 125
Conus vitulinus, var. 126 || Orange fox Cone . 126

maldivus . 127 || Spanish-Admiral Cone. 127-

ditto chesnut, var. 128 ditto chesnut, var. . 128
Melliphaga torquata 129 || White-collared Honeysucker 129
Trochilus latipennis, male . 130 |} Grey sickle-winged H. Bird 130

ditto, female a lea! ditto, female hob
Macroglossum annulosum. 132 || Macroglossum annulosum . 132

fasciatum . ib. fasciatum . ‘ . ib.
Thecla Macaria 133 || Chesnut-spotted Hair-streak 133
Strombus exustus 134 || Burnt-mouthed Strombus . 134

lentiginosus ib. || Tuberculated Strombus ib.

tricornis 135 || Horned Strombus 135
Ampullaria crassa 136 |} Thick Apple-snail 136

oblonga ib. || Oblong ditto i
Papilio Polybius 137 || Papilio Polybius 137
Malurus garrulus 138 || Noisy Soft-tail Warbler 138
Sylvia plumbea 139 || Grey-backed Warbler 139
Troglodytes rectirostris 140 || Straight-billed Wren 140
Psittacus chryseurus 141 || Golden-tailed Parrot . 141
Nectarinia flaveola 142 || Yellow-bellied Nectarinia . 142
Ampullaria sordida . 143 || Brown Apple-snail 143

puncticulata ib. || Oval, punctured ditto ib.
Eburna Valentiana 144 || Arabian Eburna 144

tessellata . 145 || Tessellated ditto 145

Pacifica 146 || South Sea ditto : 146
Muscipeta carinata 147 || Keel-billed Flycatcher 147
Emberiza cristata 148 || Crested Bunting . 148
Castnia Fabricii 149 || Red underwing Day-moth. 149
Sphinx fasciata 150 || Sphinx fasciata » 150

Leachii ib. Leachit ib.

af Jaeeat

Alcedo semitorquata .
Achatina melastoma .
Strombus lobatus
Psittacus Malaccensis
Psittacus viridissimus
Fringilla oryzivora
Ampullaria effusa

luteostoma
Pinna bullata
Satyrus argenteus
Anodon purpurascens
Voluta punctata
Achatina fasciata, var.
Hemipodius nivosus
Sylvia annulosa

ditto, var. B
Bulimus citrinus
Anodon crassus
Ramphastos ambiguus
Pteroglossus viridis :
Malurus Africanus
Unio fragilis
Ampullaria reflexa

Gallinula ruficollis, var.

Tanagra canicapilla :
Ampullaria leucostoma
Anodon elongatus
Turbinellus spirillus .
Buceros coronatus
Muscipeta labrosa
Turdus vociferans
Voluta pusio .
Cyprzea spadicea
sanguinolenta

ih

oon
. 152
. 153
. 154
. 155
. 156
- Ld7

ib.

. 158
loo
. 160
7) Lou
1162
. 163
. 164
- 165
. 166
- 167
- 168
, 169
- vO
Agari
Pua bi '4
. 173
. ‘174
ho
rie WAS
Mes le i
> 8
aie Wh,
. 180
Ape vol
Lee

ib.

Pi,
Half-collared Kingsfisher . 151
Black-mouthed Achatina . 152
Lobed or brindled Strombus 153
Blue-rumped Parrot . . 154
Green Parrot . : 155
Paddy-bird, or Java Sparrow 156
Ribbon Apple-snail . -, doe
Yellow-mouthed ditto - ab;
Rufous Pinna . ; . 158
Satyrus argenteus . slog
Purple Anodon : = #60
Red-dotted Volute . . 161
Banded Achatina, 3 var. . 162
White-spotted Turnix . 163
White-eyed Warbler . 164
Ditto, New Hoiland variety 165
Citron Bulimus, 3 var. . 166
Thick Anodon . : _10r
Doubtful Toucan. . 168
Green Aracari (male) - 169
African Soft-tail : ~ wag
Fragile River-mussel ~ ae
Purple Apple-snail . . 172
Black-bellied Gallinule . 173
Grey-crowned Tanager . 174
White-mouthed Apple-snail 175
Lengthened Anodon > LAG
Carinated Turnip-shell . 177
Coronated Hornbill . -, kip
Red-lipped Flycatcher . 179

Calling Thrush : . 180
Dwarf Volute . 4 5 LO
Cypreea spadicea.. . 182

sanguinolenta . > “1D;

GENERAL ALPHABETIC INDEX

OF

LATIN AND ENGLISH NAMES

AcHATINA fasciata, var. .

melostoma
virginea, var.
ditto, ditto
banded ;
black-mouthed
common, striped
ditto, var.
Alcedo seimitorquata
Ampullaria corrugata

crassa

effusa
leucostoma
leuteostoma A
oblonga
puncticulata
reflexa. %
sordida

Anodon crassus
elongatus .
purpurascens
lengthened
thick J
purple ° .

Apple-snail, brown
oblong
oval, “punctur ed.
purple
ribbon
thick
white-mouthed
wrinkled
yellow-mouthed .

Aracari, green

Bulimus citrinus, var.

citron, green variety .

Buceros, Gen. Char.
coronatus

TO

VOLUME Ii.

Bunting, crested

Castnia, Gen. Char.
Fabricii

Cinnyris Javanica

Conus maldivus
ditto, var.
vitulinus, tar. .

Cone, Spanish- Admiral

ditto, chesnut variety .

orange, fox
Creeper, Javanese
Cypreea spadicea

sanguinolenta

Day-moth, red underwing .

Eburna, Gen. Char. .
Pacifica
tessellata .
Valentiana
Arabian
South Sea
tesselated .

Emberiza, Gen. Char.
cristata

Flycatcher, keel-billed
red-lipped . ;

Fringilla, Gen. Char.
oryzivora . :

Gallinula, Gen. Char.
ruficollis, var.

Gallinule, blake bellied, var.

Hair-streak, chesnut-spotted

Hemipodius, Gen. Char.
nivosus

Honey-sucker, white- collar € d

Humming-bird, Grey sickle-
. a0

wing
ditto, female

131

Java Sparrow, or Paddy- -bird 156

Kingsfisher, half-collared
Licinia Crisia
Macroglossum annulosum .
fasciatum .
Malurus, Gen. Char.
Africanus .
garrulus
Melliphaga torquata
Muscipeta carinata .
labrosa
Nectarina flaveola
yellow-bellied

Paddy-bird, or Java ee

Papilio Nerius .
Polybius .
Parrot, golden-tailed
blue-rumped

green
Pinna, Gen. Char.
bullata
Pinna, rufous
Psittacus chryseurus
Malaccensis
viridissimus
Pteroglossus viridis .
Ramphastos ambiguus
River-mussel, fragile
Satyrus, Gen. Char. .
argenteus
Strombus exustus
lentiginosus
lobatus
tricornis
burnt-mouthed
tuberculated

Strombus, horned
lobed, or brindled
Sphinx fasciata
Leachii
Sylvia, Gen. Char.
annulosa .
ditto, var.
plumbea
Soft-tail, noisy
African
Tanagra, Gen. Char.
canicapilla
Tanager, grey-crowned
Thecla Maearia
Thrush, calling

Trochilus latipennis, male .

ditto, female
Troglodytes, Gen. Char.
rectirostris
Turbinellus, Gen. Char.
spirillus
Turdus vociferans
Turnip-shell, carinated
Turnix, white-spotted
Voluta, Gen. Char.
pusio
punctata .
Volute, dwarf .
red-dotted
Unio fragilis.
Warbler, oline-bothed
white-eyed

New Holland variety .

W ren, straight-billed

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

VERTEBROSA.
PART IIl.

ORNITHOLOGY.

Cinnyris Javanica
MELLIPHAGA torquata

Trocuitvs latipennis, male

ditto, female .
Mauurus garrulus :

Africanus
Syzivia plumbea

annulosa

ditto, New Holland variety
TROGLODYTES rectirostris

Psirracus chryseiirus
Malaccensis
viridissimus

Necrarinia flaveola

MusciPera carinata
labrosa

EMBERIZA cristata

ALCEDO semitorquata

FRINGILLA oryzivora

HeEMIPODIUS nivosus

RamMPuastos ambiguus

PreRoGLossus viridis

GaLLINuLa ruficollis

TanaGRa canicapilla

Buceros coronatus

TurbDws vociferans

Pl.
12]
129
130
131
138
170
139
164
165
140
141
154
155
142
147
179
148
151
156
163
168
169
173
174
178
180

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SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

ENTOMOLOGY.
PART III.

Licin1a Crisia
Papriio Nerius
Polybius
Tuecia Macaria :
MacroGlossumM annulosum
fasciatum
Spuinx fasciata
Leachii
Castyia Fabricii
SaTyYRUus argenteus

El
124
125
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LS:
132

ib.
150

ib.
149
159

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Sy oe EM ATIC EN DE x

CONCHOLOGY.

PART iif.

Onivalves.

AMPULLARIA corrugata
crassa
oblonga
sordida
puncticulata
effusa
luteostoma
reflexa
leucostoma

AcHATINA virginea, var. 1, 2.

ditto, var. 3, 4.
melastoma
fasciata, 3 var.
BuLIMus citrinus
Conus vitulinus
Maldivus
ditto, variety
STROMBUS exustus
lentiginosus
tricornis
lobatus
Cypr2a Spadicea
sanguinolenta
Esurna Valentiana
tessellata
Pacifica
VoLuta punctata
pusio :
TURBINELLUS spirillus

Bivalves.

Pinna bullata

ANODON purpurascens .
crassus
elongatus

Unto fragilis

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ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA.

in the Systematic Index, Conchology, Part I. for “ Acephalis” read ‘ Acéphales.”

Pl. 92. page 1. line 13, for “ caudi,” read *‘ caudis.”
23, for ‘ Dentatis” read ‘* Dentati.”
— 3. — 11 from the bottom, for ‘* Lepidoptere” read ‘ Lepidoptera.”

— 102. Add to the Synonyms, A. virginea. Lamarck, Syst. tom. 6, part 2, p. 151.
Sowerby’s Genera. Achatina, f. 2.

— 124, last line, for ‘* female” read “ male ;” and in the line above, for ‘ male”
read ‘ female.”

— 125. for ‘* P. Nireus” read “‘ P. Nerius.”

— 126. Add to the Syn. Lam. Syst. 7. p. 467. 55; and for Ency. Meth. pl. 326.
f. 204., read pl. 326. fig. 2 and 4.

— 127. Add to the Syn. Lam. Syst. 7. p. 465. 50.

— 134. Strombus exustus, described by Lamarck (Syst. 7. p. 211) under the name
of S. Papilio. The first of these names, however, has the right of
priority. (See Mus. Cal. 1797.) The figures of Martini, tom. 3. tab. 8.
f. 825, 826, clearly represent this species ; although Lamarck has quoted
them for S, lentiginosus.

Strombus lentiginosus. Add to the Synonyms, Lam. Syst. 7. p. 205.
Knorr, 3. tab. 13, f. 2. Lamarck has omitted to quote any of the
figures representing the young shells of this and the following species.

— 155. St. tricomis. Add to the Syn. Lam, Syst. 7. p, 201.

— 139. Sylvia plumbea, This bird greatly resembles the female of S. pusilla of
Wilson (yellow-backed Warbler, Latham), yet differs in having the
belly golden yellow instead of white: I was told, moreover, that this
was a male bird: the one inhabits North, and the other South America.
Latham’s description of his yellow-backed Warbler, I should think, is
not quite accurate; as he only alludes to ove white bar on the wing
covers, whereas both Wilson and Vieillot say there are two.

— 145. Eburna tessellata. Add to the Syn. E. Arcolata, Lam. Syst. 7. p. 282. 4.

— 146. Eburna Pacifica. Add to the Syn. E. lutosa? Lam. Syst. 7. 282. 5.

— 150. The upper figure is of Sphina Leachti, and the under of S. fasciata.

— 152. Add to the Syn, Helix regina. Ferussac Moll. liv. 19. pl. 119.

dos Ditto S. bituberculatus. Lam. Syst. 7. p. 202. 6.

— 157. Amp. Effusa. Ditto, Lam. Syst. 6. 2. p. 178. 5,

— 164, Add to the Syn. Le Figuier Tcheric, Le Vaill. Ois. d’Af, 3. pl. 132.

— 166. Ditto Lam. Syst. 6.2. p. 178. 5.

— 170. Ditto Le Vaill. Ois. d@ Af. 3. pl. 112. f. 2.

— 177. Ditto Pyrula Spirillus, Lam, Syst. 7. p. 142.

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