i R^: RECORD ZOOLOGICAL TllTERATDRE. 1867. VOLUME FOURTH. I f. ) / ' EDITED BY ALBERT 0. L. G. GUNTHER, M.A., M.D.^ PH.D., F.R.S., P.Z.S., ETC. ETC. LONDON: JOHN VAN VOORST, PATERNOSTER ROW.' MHCCCLXVIll. rUIIfTED BY TAYLOR AND Jj'RANCIB, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. ALERR FLAMMAM. PREFACE. The fourth volume of the ^ Record ^ forms a systematic guide- book to about 36,400 pages* of the zoological literature published (with the exception of a very small part) within the year 1867. This number has never been reached in anj^ preceding year, and corresponds to an increase in the number of authors ; an un- usually great activity appears to have prevailed in the study of Mammals, Birds, Mollusks, Neuroptera, and Orthoptera. It has frequently been suggested that the annual volume of the ^ Record^ should be divided into several parts, in order to facilitate to specialists the acquisition of the reports on their own branches. The Editor, therefore, considered it his duty to propose to the publisher a division into three sections, viz. that of Vertebrates, of Entomology, and of Mollusks, Crustaceans, and Lower Animals. Although this arrangement interferes with the systematic succession of the Classes of Animals, it ap- peared to be practically the most advisable. The integrity of the volume is preserved by adhering, in all three parts, to the same plan which has been followed hitherto, and by keeping a continuous pagination. Mr. Spence Bate (who, residing at a great distance from scientific libraries, found access to the literature very difficult) has resigned his place among the contributors, and Dr. von Martens has consented to be his successor. * This number is divided between the various classes thus: — Mammals 4030, Birds 8340, Reptiles 710, Fishes 1180, Mollusks and Moll uscoids 6260, Crustaceans 470, Arachnids and Myriopods 640, Insects 13,000 (viz. Coleo- ptera 3000, Hynienoptera 1 100, Lepidoptera 2000, Diptera 700, Neuroptera and Orthoptera 1100, Rhynchota 000), Annelids 200, Scolecides 370, l^hi- noderms 350, Coelenterates 70, Protozoa 770. ' • - , IV PllEFACE, The Editor and Contributors of the ‘ Record ^ feel much gra- tified at the interest with which the question of its continuance was taken up by the Biological Section of the British Association, whereby a grant of ^100 was obtained from the Association for this volume as well as the following. This, together with a similar sacrifice on the part of the Contributors, has ensured the continuation of the ^ Record but it is to be hoped that by the arrangement of issuing the volume in three parts, the under- taking will now be self-supportiiig. ALBERT GUNTHER. London, November 1868. [Communications, papers, and memoirs intended for this work should be addressed solely to '‘The Editor of the Zoological Record, care of Mr. Van Voorst, 1 Paternoster Row, London.” All publications sent will be distributed among the several Recorders.] CONTENTS AND INDEX. MAMMALIA. By Albert Gunther, M.A. &c. Page Review of Publications ... 1 General Notes and Fauna . 16 Special Part Qiiadrumana 18 Fera3 22 Page Rosores 28 Edentata 33 Pachydermata 33 Rnminantia 35 Cotacoa 37 Marsupialia 40 AVES. By Alfred Review of Publications Bibliography 43 The General. Subject. . . . 45 PalaBarctic Region 51 Ethiopian Region 57 Indian Region 62 Australian Region 64 Nearctic Region 67 Neotropical Region 68 Anatomy and Physiology 71 Ptcrylology 74 Neossology 75 Oology and Nidification 76 Special Part Acciptres 80 PsiTTACI 83 PiCARIAE 87 Passeres Pittidas 91 Formicariidae 91 Menuridae 92 Pteroptochidas 92 Dendrocolaptidae 92 MeliphagidaB 92 NectariniidaB 93 CoerebidsB 94 CotingidaB 04 Newton, M.A. &c. Ampelidse 94 Timaliida3 95 Hirundinidoe 95 Oriolidae 96 Edoliidae 96 Vireonidae 96 Tyrannidae 96 Dicruridae 97 Laniidae 97 Campephagidac 98 Muscicapidae 98 Mniotiltidae 99 Cinclidae 99 Turdidae 100 Sylviidae 101 Motacillidae 104 Troglodytidae 104 Certhiidae 104 Sittidae 104 ParidaD 105 Malurida0 105 TanagridaB 105 Ploceidae 106 FringillidaB 107 EmberizidaB 109 AlaudidaB 109 Icteridae 110 SturnidaB 110 ParadiseidaB Ill CorvidaB Ill VI CONTENTS AND INDEX. Pago COLUMB^ 113 Galling 114 GRALLiB 117 REPTILIA. By Review of Publications . . 126 The General Subject, Faunae 131 Special Part Cbelonia 132 PISCES. By Alber Review of Publications . . 150 GeneralRemarks andFaunce 155 Special Part Acantbopterygii . 158 Acantbop tery gii pi i ary ngo ■ gnatbi , 167 Anacantbini . 168 ARACHNIDA. By W (Page MYRIOPODA. By W (I’age INSECTA. By W. i The General Subject . . . . 195 CoLEOPTEBA Review of Publications . , 206 General Notes 218 Special Part Cicindelidae . 223 Carabidae . 224 Dytiscidae . 236 Gyrinidae . 236 Palpicomia . 237 StapbylinidaB . 237 Pselapbidae . 240 PaussidaB . 241 ScydmaBnidac 241 SilpbidaB . 242 Anisotomidiu 243 Page Anseres 121 Struthiones 125 ,T Gunther^ M.A. &c. Crocodilia 132 Rhynchoceplialia 133 Lacertilia 133 Ophidia 139 Batrachia 142 T Gunther, M.A. &c. Bliysostomi 170 Plectoguathi 178 Lophobrancliii 179 Ganoidei 179 Elasmobranchii 179 Cyclostomata 180 Leptocardii 180 . S. Daeeas, E.L.S. &c. 181.) . S. Dallas, E.L.S. &e. 193.) 5. Dallas, F.L.S. &c. CorylopbidaB 243 Tricbopterygidie 243 Histeridae 243 Pbalacridae 244 Nitidulidai 244 Trogositidm 245 Colydiidae 246 Cucujidae 246 Cryptopbagidae 246 Dermestidie 249 Byrrbidao 249 Lucanidae 250 Scarabaeidae 250 Buprestidae 257 Euciiemidac 259 Elateiidae 260 Cebrionidic 261 CONTENTS AND INDEX. Dascyllidae Malacodermata Cleridae Lymexylonidae Ptinidne Bostrichidae Cissidae Melasomata CistelidaB Melandryidao . Pedilida0 Anthicidae PyrochroidaB Mordellidae Stylopidae Meloidae CurciilionidaB Scolytidoc Brenthido0 AnthribidaD Briichidae Longicornia Phytophaga Coccinellidae HyMENOPTERA Review of Publications . General Notes Special Part Anthophila Vespidae PompilidaB CrabronidaB ScoliidaB Mutillidas . Formicidae Cbrysididae Icbneumonidae Cbalcididas Proctotrupidas Cynipidas UroceridaB Tontbredinidae Lepidoptera Revieiv of Publications . General Notes VI 1 Bbopalocera 347 Papilionides ........ 348 Pierides 349 Danaides 353 Heliconiides 354 Acrasides 355 Nympbalides 355 Morpbides '. . . 3G0 Satyrides 3G0 Erycinides 3G6 Lycasnides 368 Hesperiides 371 SpbingidaB 373 ZygaBnidaB 375 SesiidaB 378 HcpialidaB 379 Bomb5xidae 379 Arctiidae 385 Litbosiidas 386 NoctuidaB 387 Geometridas 392 Pyralidae 398 Tortricidae 403 TineidaB 404 PtcropboridaB 409 Diptera Review of Publications . 410 General Notes ...... 412 Special part Cecidomyidas 414 CulicidaB 414 Mycetopbilidas 414 BibionidaB 415 TipulidaB 415 Stratiomyidas 416 Xylopbagidae 417 Tabanidas 417 Nemestrinidae 417 BombyliidaB 418 Acroceridas 419 8ccnopinidae 419 Asilidas 419 Tberevidas 422 Leptidas 422 EmpidaB 423 DolicbopodidaB 424 Pboridae 424 Page 261 261 263 263 263 264 264 265 271 271 271 271 271 271 271 272 272 280 283 283 283 284 296 301 302 307 308 312 313 315 319 319 322 324 324 327 327 328 329 e329 331 343 vin CONTENTS AND INDEX. Muscidae ... (Estridae . . . , Platypezidae SyrphidaB . . . . Conopidae . . . . Hippoboscidae Aphaniptera Page 425 434 434 434 434 434 435 Neuroptera Orthoptera Rrynchota Page 435 443 462 MOLLUSC A. By Eduard von Martens, M.D. &c. Review of Publications . . 485 The General Subject Teratology 498 Contributions to Faunas Land and Freshwater . . 499 Brackish -water 511 Marine Mollusca 512 Classification 521 Special part Cephalopoda . . . . Hetbropoda Gastropoda Pectinibranchiata Proboscidifera rhachi- glossa Proboscidifera taenio- Proboscidifera pteno- glossa ........ Proboscidifera gymno- 522 524 524 533 534 535 Toxifera 537 , Eostrifera 539 Scutibranchiata 548 Opisthobranchiata .... 552 Nudibranchiata 553 Pulmonata inoperculata Geophila Vaginulidae 557 Agnatha 557 Oxygnatha 558 Odontognatha .... 563 Gonioguatha .... 571 Aulacognatha .... 571 Elasmognatha .... 574 Limnophila 575 Thalassophila 579 Pulmonata operculata. . 579 Solenoconchae 583 CoNCHIFERA Inclusa 584 Cardiacea 587 Mytilacea 593 Ostracea 599 Brachiopoda 602 MOLLUSCOIDA. By E. Perceval Wright, M.A. &c. (Page 603.) CRUSTACEA. By Eduard von Martens, M.D. &c. (Page 611.) ROTIFERA. By E. Perceval Wright, M.A. &c. (Page 623.) ANNELIDA. By E. Perceval Wright, M.A. &c. (Page 624.) CONTENTS AND INDEX. IX SCOLECIDA. By E. Perceval Wright, M.A. &c. (Page 639.) ECHINODERMATA. By E. Perceval Wright, M.A. &c. (Page 644.) CQi]LENTERATA. By E. Perceval Wright, M.A. &c. (Page 658.) PROTOZOA. By E. Perceval Wright, M.A. &c. (Page 663.) ERRATUM. Page 114, line 40, /or smaller read larger. EECOED OF ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. MAMMALIA BY Albert Gunther, M.A., M.D., Ph.D. A. Works in progresL Martens, E. von. Die Preussische Expedition nach Ost Asien. Nach amtlichen Quellen. Zoologische Abtheilung. Erster Band. Erste Halfte. Berlin, 1865 (actually published in 1867). 8vo, pp. 192. [The Prussian Expedition to East Asia. From official sources. Zoological Part. First volume. First half.] The author was attached as zoologist to the Prussian expe- dition to Eastern Asia, which left Europe in the spring of 1860. In the part before us he giyes in a connected form the zoological observations made by him during the progress of the expedition, and enlarged by information contained in the preceding litera- ture. Thus we obtain sketches of the zoological characters of the countries visited, extremely well written, and with such a general zoological knowledge as we rarely meet with in authors of the present period of specialities. Separate chapters are de- voted to Madeira, the tropical part of the Atlantic Ocean, Bio J aneiro, the Southern Atlantic, the Sunda Straits, the Chinese Sea, Japan, Shanghai, Tamsui (Formosa), Hongkong, Canton, Macao, and the Philippine Islands. It does not appear to have been in the plan of the author to enter into specialities of the several faunas, except of Japan and China, in which countries the expedition stayed long enough to enable him to make a series 1867. [voL. IV.] B 2 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. of original researches, not only into their fauna, hut also into their zoological literature, which, at least as far as the Japanese portion is concerned, may he compared to the works of llonde- let, Belon, Gesner, and Wotton. The second half of this work may be expected to appear in the course of 1808. Recherches sur la Faune de Madagascar et de ses dependances. D^apres les decouvertes de MM. Fran9ois P. L. Pollen et D. C. Van Dam. Mammiferes et Oiseaux par H. Schlegel et FRAN901S P. L. Pollen. I*"® livraison. Leyde, 1867. 4to. The object of this work is to give descriptions and figures of the new or more important species of mammals and birds col- lected by the travellers mentioned ; a critical synopsis of all the species known to belong to the Madagascar fauna will be added. It is intended to publish this work in four parts, each containing 48 pages of letterpress and 10 plates, most of which are coloured. The first part appeared in the year 1867 (pp. 1-29 and four plates) ; it contains the mammalian portion, which will be sub- sequently mentioned in the special part of this Record. The papers by Prof. Schlegel, mentioned in ^ Record,^ ii. p. 23, and iii. p. 14, were preliminary to, and are embodied in, this work. Pollen, F. P. L. Contributions h Fllistoire naturelle des L^- muriens d^apres les decouvertes et observations de difle- rents Voyageurs-Naturalistes. Leide, 1867. Imper. fol. The author intends to publish a magnificent work containing descriptions and full-sized coloured figures of all the Lemurides known, with an osteological plate at the end of each division. One part, as a specimen of the work, has been published, con- taining the description and figure of Microcebus coquereli ; and it is intended to publish the parts monthly. M. Pollen has spe- cially qualified himself, by his travels and long^continued study of these animals, for this undertaking ; and we trust that he will be readily supported by all zoologists. Altum, B. Fauna der Wirbelthiere des Munsterlandes in ihren Lebensverhaltnissen nach selbststandigen Beobachtungen und Erfahrungen dargestellt. I. Saugethiere. Munster, 1867. 8vo. The author, well known as a very accurate observer and un- tiring naturalist, has begun to publish an account of the Vertebrata of the Miinsterland, a district of Westphalia, the part before us treating of the Mammalia. Although the work is chiefly of local interest, it is rendered valuable to all natural- ists by the numerous original observations on the habits of the animals described. The Miinsterland is inhabited by forty-four mammals : viz. 12 Bats, 7 Insect! vora, 9 Carnivora, 13 Rodents, 2 Ruminants, and 1 Pachyderm. MAMMALIA. 3 B. Separate Publications, lluTiMEYER, L. Ueber die Herkunft unserer Thierwelt. Eine 7oogeographisclie Skizze. Mit einem Verzeichniss der fossilen und lebenden scliweizerisclien Saugethiere und einer Karte zur Andeutung der Gesehiclite der Thierverbreitung im Allgemeinen. Basel & Genf, 1867. 4to, pp. 57. [On the origin of the recent fauna. A zoogeographical sketch. With a list of the fossil and living Mammalia of Switzerland, and a map indicating the history of the dispersal of animals generally.] In this essay the author treats of a number of facts and observa- tions illustrative of the immense changes which must have taken place in the distribution of land and water on the earth’s surface, and which were accompanied by corresponding changes in the distribution of animals, in their life and organization. The fauna of each geological period is the daughter of the next pre- ceding, althougli the region inhabited by the one may frequently have been diflerent and distant from that oceupied by the other. It is the task of the zoologists and palaeontologists of the present age to discover the relations of those faunas, critically to ex- amine natural families and genera, and to define their palaeonto- logical as well as geographical limits. Tristram, H. B. The Natural History of the Bible : being a . review of the physical geography, geology, and meteorology of the Holy Land ; with a deseription of every animal and plant mentioned in Holy Scripture. London, 1867. > 16mo, pp. 516,^with numerous woodcuts. This work has been published under the direction of the Com- mittee of general literature and education appointed by the So- ciety for promoting Christian Knowledge. ' The objeet of the writer is to identify and illustrate every animal and plant men- tioned in Holy Scripture in a manner which shall be satisfactory both to the Biblical critic and to the student of natural history. With this object, a metliod more popular than strictly scientific has been followed. After introductory chapters on the physical geography, geology, and meteorology of the Holy Land, a large portion of the work is devoted to the mammals, which are re- viewed in alphabetical order, according to their trivial names. The Hebrew words are given in each case, and compared with their Arabic synonyms and with the Greek Septuagint, and the reasons set forth for the identification of each name. Every passage in the Bible in which the word occurs is either quoted or referred to, and, when necessary, illustrated or explained. A brief account of the natural history of the species follows, together with the mention of its geographical range. About 50 mammals are mentioned by name in the sacred writings. The plan of the work precluded the systematic enumeration of , the species inha- B 2 4 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. biting Palestine, except so far as the genus or group is alluded to in Seripture. The Reptiles are treated in the same manner ; and eonsiderable pains have been taken to examine the seven Hebrew words ap- plied to various species of the ophidian order, and to identify each with existing species of the country. As no fishes are specifically named in the Bible, the allusions to the subjects of fish and fishing are classified under 30 heads, and each passage examined, with merely an enumeration of some of the more remarkable forms. The student of natural history will find in the work an exa- mination of all the facts of natural history known to or recorded by the ancient Hebrews, and a comparison of their knowledge with the researches of modern science, while the Biblical student will find every name occurring in the Hebrew text explained, and every allusion illustrated which bears on natural history, with a copious index of many hundred texts referred to. False transla- tions of our version are corrected, and unknown names, as behemoth,^'’ leviathan,^^ Pygai'g/^ and fabulous creatures, as satyr,"*^ unicorn,^^ are definitely assigned to ascertained crea- tures of the country either existing or extinct. Although accounts of Biblical natural history have been at- tempted by previous writers in this country as well as on the Continent, none can be compared to this admirable work of Mr. Tristram, as regards either its completeness or the knowledge of the author, who, as is well known, has made a most successful expedition into the Holy Land, and brought together the most extensive collections which ever reached Europe. We understand that already a second edition is in course of preparation. Fatio, V. Les Campagnols du Bassin du Leman. B^le et Geneve, 1867. 8vo, pp. 78, with six coloured plates. This little but well-executed work on the Field-mice of Geneva is published by the Association Zoologique du Leman. Jeitteles, L. H.' Ueber einige seltene und wenig bekannte Saugethiere des sudostlichen Deutschlands. Separat-Ab- druck aus dem vierten Programm der n. o. Landes-Ober- realschule zu St. Polten. St. Polten, 1867. 8vo, pp. 36. [On some rare and little-known mammals of South-eastern Germany.] Bischoff, Th. L. Ueber die Verschiedenheit in der Schadel- bildung des Gorilla, Chimpanse und Orang-Outang, vorziig- lich nach Geschlecht und Alter, nebst einer Bemerkung iiber die Darwin'sche Theorie. Munchen, 1867. 4to, pp. 94, with 22 plates. [On the differences of structure in the skulls of the Gorilla, Chimpanzee, and Orang-Outang, chiefly those of sex and age, with remarks on Darwin's doctrine.] MAMMALIA, The principal object and contents of this work will be men- tioned in the special part of our ^ Record/ The concluding chapter is directed against the principles adopted by Darwin and his adherents on the question of the origin of species. Gratiolet, L. P. Recherches sur Fanatomie de FHippopotame, publiees par les soins du Docteur Edmond Alix. Paris, 1867. 4to, pp. 405, with 12 plates. Gratiolet left behind him a manuscript containing the detailed account of his researches into the anatomy of a Hippopotamus which had died shortly after its birth. We are indebted to Dr. Alix not only for the publication of this manuscript, but also for completing some portions, as the myology of the hind limb, the anatomy of the organs of generation, &c., by his own examination of another example which died at about the same age. Malm, A. W. N%ra Blad om Hvaldjur i allmanhet och Bala- 7ioptera Carolina isynnerhet. Goteborg, 1866. 16mo, pp. 20. . Monographie illustree du Baleinoptere trouve le 22 Octobre 1865 sur la cote occidentale de Suede. Stockholm, 1867, fol. pp. 110. Avec 13 planches contenant 29 pho- tographies ; 2 planches lithographiees et 3 gravures en bois dans le texte. The author became the proprietor of a whale, 55 feet long, which was thrown ashore on the western coast of Sweden ; he took great care to preserve an accurate account of it by draw- ing up detailed descriptions and preparing photographs of the specimen in its fresh state as well as after he had succeeded in mounting its skin and skeleton. He has also paid some atten- tion to the principal parts of its internal anatomy. Finding some slight discrepancies from the European species known, he considered it to be an unknown species, which he named Malmska Hvalen or Balanoptera Carolina ; however, zoo- logists specially acquainted with whales regard it as a Phy- salus sibbaldii. The first of the two publications referred to contains merely a preliminary notice of it. In the publication of the second work the author was liberally supported by his Government, and thus enabled to bring it out in a magnificent style. It contains a most detailed account of all the circum- stances connected with the preparation of the specimen, of its external appearance, skeleton, etc. Tennent, Sir J. E. The wild Elephant and the method of cap- turing and taming it in Ceylon. London, 1867. 16mo, pp. 198, with woodcuts. The greater portion of this volume is a reprint of the chapters on the Elephant which appeared in the author^ s previous larger works on Ceylon, with the addition of further information on the natural history of this animal. 6 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. C. Zoological Papers published in Journals. BatEj C. Sp. On the dentition of the common Mole [Tglpa europcad). Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, xix. pp. 377-381, with a plate, and Trans. Odontolog. Soc. 1867, v. pp. 261- 291, with six plates. Bey, a. P. (See Senoner, A.) Blyth, E. ^ Notes upon three Asiatic species of Deer. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 835-842, with numerous woodcuts. ^ Brandt, J. F. Bericht liber eine Arbeit unter dem Titel : Zoographische und palseontologische Beitriige. Bull. Ac; Sc. St. Petersb. x. pp. 502-507. Prof. Brandt gives here an abstract of a treatise which will be- published by him in ^ Schriften der K. mineralog. Gesellsch. . zu St. Petersburg,^ vol. ii., and which has not yet been received in this country ; it is entitled ^‘^Zoographical and Palaeontologi-^ cal Contributions,'^^ and contains the author^s researches into the geographical distribution of Cervus tarandus. Bos urus^ and' Bos bison in ancient and historical times. He agrees with Riiti- ^ meyer in regarding Bos priscus, latifrons, antiquus, Bison euro- pceus and americanus merely as stages of development of one and the same species. He enters into detailed researches into the etymology and meaning of the words C/r, Tur, Bison, Wisent, &c., and finally reviews critically LartePs and Garrigou^s labours on the prehistoric faunae. . Erganzende Mittheilungen zur Erlauterung der ehema- ligen Verbreitung und Vertilgung der StellePschen See- kuli. Ibid. xi. 1867, pp. 445-451. [Additional remarks illustrative of the former distribution and extinction oiRhytina stelleri.'] i Burmeister, H. Einige Bemerkungen liber die Cetaceen im Museo publico de Buenos Aires. Zeitsclir. gesammt. Ntrwiss. 1867, xxix. pp. 1-12. Additions to this paper^ pp. 402-418. ~f . • Preliminary observations on the Anatomy of Pontoporia blainvillii. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 484-489, with two woodcuts. The author intends to publish a more detailed and illustrated account in ^ Anales del Museo de Buenos Aires.^ . Preliminary description of a new species of Pinner Whale {fialcenoptera bonder ensis). Ibid. pp. 707-713, with wood- cuts. CouEs, E. The Quadrupeds of Arizona. Americ. Natur. i. 1867, pp. 281-292, 351-363, 393-400, 531-541. . Notes on a collection of Mammals from Arizona. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1867, pp. 133-136. MAMMALIA. 7, Dawkins, W. B. Ovibos moschatus (Blainville) . iproc. Boy. Soc. 1867, pp. 516-517 (abstract). Edwards, A. Milne». Memoire sur le type d^une nouvelle famille de Fordre des Rongeurs. \_Lophiomys.~\ Nouv. Arch. Mus. iii. pp. 81-118, with five plates. (Abstract in, Compt. Rend. 1867, April 22, pp. 812-815, Ann. Sc. Nat. 1867, vii. pp. 113-121.) et Grandidier, A. Observations anatomiques sur quelques Mammiieres de Madagascar. I*"® article. De Forganisation dll Cryptoprocia fcrox. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1867, vii. pp. 314— 338, with four plates. . Note sur une nouvelle espece du genre Nycticebe pro- venant de Siam et de Cochinchine. Ibid. pp. 161-164, and Nouv. Arch. Mus. Bull. iii. pp. 9-13, with a plate. \Nycii- cebus cinereus^ . Observations sur quelques Mammi feres du Nord de la Chine. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1867, vii. pp. 375-377. This is an abstract of a paper which will appear in the Nouv. Arch. dGIist. Nat. The new species indicated will be mentioned below. . Description de quelques especes nouvelles d’Ecureuils de Fancien continent. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1867, pp. 193- 197, 225-232, with a plate. Fischer, P. Memoire sur les Cetaces du genre Ziphius^ Cuv. Nouv. Arch, du Museum, iii. 1867, pp. 41-78, with a plate. Fitzinger, L. J. Untersuchungen fiber die Abstammung des Hundes. Sitzgsber. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 1867 (1866), liv. pp. 396-4-57. [Researches on the origin of the Dog.] . Die Racen des zahmen Hundes. Ibid. 1867, Ivi. pp. 377- 507, 514-585, 776-823. [The races of the domestic dog.] . Versuch einer natfirlichen Anordnimg der Nagethiere {Rodentia) . Ibid. Iv. pp. 453-515, Ivi. pp. 57-168. [At- tempt at a natural arrangement of Rodents.] . Die natfirliche Familie der Igel {Erinacei) nach dem ^ gegenwartigen Stande derWissenschaft. Ibid. Ivi. pp. 844- 890. [The natural family of Erinacei described according to the present state of science.] . Ueber die natfirliche Familie der Rohrrfissler {Macro- scelides) und die derselben angehorigen Arten. Ibid. pp. 914-941. . (See also Heuglin, Th. v.) Flower, W. II. On the development and succession of the teeth in the Marsupialia. Philos. Trans, vol. clvii. 1868, pp. 631-641, with two plates. Abstract in Proc. Roy. Soc. vol. XV. 1867, pp. 464-468, and in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, XX. pp. 129-133. 8 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. f- Flower, W. H. Description of the skeleton of Inia geoffrensis and of the skull of Pontoporia blainvillii, with remarks on the systematic position of these animals in the order Cetacea, Trans. Zool. Soc. vi. 1867, pp. 87-116, with four plates. Prauenfelu, G. von. Beitrage zur Fauna der Nikobaren* Verb, zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1867, pp. 591-598. The author mentions 8 mammals, 34 birds, 12 reptiles, and 33 fishes collected by the naturalists of the ^ Novara^ expedition, Fritsch, K. Kalender der Fauna von Oestreich. Sitzgsber, Ak. Wiss. Wien, 1867, Iv. pp. 201-238. [Zoological Almanack of Austria.] A section of the Meteorological Institution of Austria has undertaken the task of making botanical and zoological observa- tions in the various parts of the empire. They have engaged men conversant with the subject, on nearly a hundred stations, to report regularly on the seasonal phenomena. Some of these observations have been continued for more than twenty years. Hr. Fritsch gives now a resume ^ containing notes on 872 ani- mals. The average dates are given on which each of the hyber- nating mammals commences and terminates its sleep during the winter. As may be expected, the dates differ considerably in different parts of the empire. Gilpin, G. B. On the Mammalia of Nova Scotia. No. III. Proc. & Trans. Nov. Scot. Inst. Nat. Sc. 1867, pp. 8-16. [Mustelid(B j see Zool. Becord, ii. p. 7.] Grandidier, a. Mammiferes et Oiseaux nouveaux decouverts a Madagascar. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1867, pp. 84-85. Four mammals are characterized as new. . Notes sur les mammiferes observes h Madagascar de 1865 h 1867. Ibid. pp. 313-318. . (See Edwards, A. Milne-.) - Gray, J. E. Notes on the skulls of Hares (Leporidce) and Picas (Lagomyidce) in the British Museum. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, xx. pp. 219-225. . Synopsis of the Asiatic Squirrels (Sciuridce) in the Col- lection of the British Museum, describing one new genus and some new species. Ibid. pp. 270-286. . Synopsis of the African Squirrels [Sciuridce) in the Col- lection of the British Museum. Ibid. pp. 323-334. ' . Synopsis of the species of American Squirrels in the Collection of the British Museum. Ibid. pp. 415-434. ^ . Synopsis of the species of Burrowing Squirrels (Tamias) in the British Museum. Ibid. pp. 434-436. MAMMALIA. 9 Gray, J. E. Notes on the skulls of the Cati^ {Felidcs), Proc. Zool. Soe. 1867, pp. 258-277, with woodcuts. . Notes on certain species of Cats in the Collection of the British Museum. Ibid. pp. 394-405, with two plates ) and pp. 874-876. . Notes on the variegated or yellow- tailed Rats of Austra- lasia. Ibid. pp. 597-600. . Notice of a new species of American Tapir, with obser- vations on the skulls of TapiruSy RhinochoRVUs , and Bias- mognathus in the Collection of the British Museum Ibid, pp. 876-886, with a plate and woodcuts. . Observations on the preserved specimens and skeletons of the Rhinocerotid Breite. Nach brieflichei?. Mitthoilungen und den OriginalrExeraplaren des Herrn Verfassers erganzt und mit Zusatzen verselien, von Dr. Leopold Joseph Fitzinger. Sitzgsber. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 1867 (1866), liv. pp. 537-611. [Systematic Synopsis of the Mammals of North-eastern Africa, including the coasts of Arabia and lied Sea, and the Somali and Upper Nile countries, southwards to lat. 4° N., with sup- plements and additions, from letters and original specimens of the author, by L. J. F.] ■ Hutton, T. On the geographical range of Semnopithecus enteU lus, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 914-952. Jessen, C. Alberti Magni historia animalium, Wiegm. Arch. 1867, i. pp. 95-105. ■ Dr. Jessen^s notes, on Albert the Great and various editions of his History of Animals, are full of interest ; he vindicates the originality of the author. The original manuscript is still pre- served in the library of the city of Cologne. Krefft, G. Notes on the Mammals and Birds of Cape York, with descriptions of two new Bodents of the genus Hapa~ lotis. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 316-319, with woodcuts. Lilljeborg, W. On two subfossil Whales discovered in S\ye- den. Nov. Act. Soc. Sc. Upsal. ser. 3. vol. vi. 1867, pp. 48, with eleven plates. [Eschrichtius robustus and Hunte- rius svedenbor 011.1 This memoir is written in English ; and we hope that the author^s choice of a more generally understood language will be adopted by other fellow labourers in the north of Europe, Latin, even of the worst kind of modernization, being but little adapted for works of modern science. M^Coy, F. On the recent zoology and palaeontology of Vic- toria. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, xx. pp. 175-202. Brief notes drawn up for the Intercolonial Exhibition in Melbourne, and referring to those species of animals affording economically useful materials, or of some special present inter- est in relation to unsettled scientific questions.^^ As these notes were intended for a popular temporary purpose, they are neither complete, nor do they contain many original researches. Some errors have been pointed out by Mr. Krefft, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1868, pp. 2-4. . On the species of Wombats. Trans. & Proc. R. Soc. Victoria, part 2, vol. viii. pp. 266-270. On a new genus of Phalanger (Gymnobelideus). Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, xx. pp. 287-288, with a plate. MAMMALIA. ‘ Ilf MiVart, St. G. Notes on the osteology of the Inseetivora; Journ. of Anat. & Physiol. 1867, 1st ser. pp. 281-313 ; 2nd ser. i. pp. 117-154, with numerous woodcuts. (Translated- in Ann. Sc. Nat. 1867, viii. p. 221.) . On the skull of Indris diadema. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 247-256, pi. 18. . Additional notes on the osteology of the Lemuridae. Ibid. pp. 960-975, with woodcuts. Murie, J. llernarks on an Antelope from the White Nile, allied to, or identical with, the Kobus sing-sing of Gray. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 3-8, with a plate. . On the Platyrhine Wombat {Phascolomys platyrhinus) , Ibid. pp. 798-815, with a plate. Peters, W. Ueber cine Sammlung von Flederthieren und Ampliibien aus Otjimbinguc in Siidwest Africa. Monats^ berichte Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1867, pp. 234-237, with a plate. . Ueber die Flederhunde {Pteropi), und insbesondere iiber die Arten der Gattung Peteropus s. s. Ibid. pp. 320- 333; Schluss, 865-872. . Ueber die zu den Gattungen Mimon und Saccopteryx gehorigen Flederthiere. Ibid. pp. 469-481, with a plate. PuciiERAN, — . Sur les indications que peilt fournir la Geo- logic pour Pexplication des differences que presentent les faunes actuelles. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1867, pp. 161-169, 197-199, 257-271. (Conclusion, see Zool. Record, ii. pp. 10 & 58, iii. pp. 11, 13.) Rolleston, G. On the Domestic Cats, Felis domesticus and Mustela foina^ of ancient and modern times. Journ. of Anat. & Physiol. 1867, i. pp. 47-61. Rutimeyer, L. Beitrage zur palaontologischen Geschichte der Wiederkauer. Mittheil. ntrf. Ges. Basel, iv. p. 2. [Contributions to the palaeontology of the Ruminants.] . Ueber Art und Rasse des zahmen europaeischen Rindes. Arch. f. Anthropologic, 1866, pp. 219-250, with woodcuts. [On the species and races of the Domestic European Cattle.] . Versuch einer Naturgeschichte des Rindes unter dem Gesichtspunkte seiner Beziehungen zu den Wiederkauern iiberhaupt betrachtet. Mem. Soc. Helvet. Sc. Nat. xxii. 1867. [Essay of a natural history of Domestic Cattle viewed in their relations to the Ruminants generally. See p. 35.] 12 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE, Sanson, A. Des types naturels en zoologie. Robin, Journ. Anat. et Phys. 1867, pp. 337-381. Schmidt, M. Zoologisches aus der Frankfurter Chronik. Zool. Gart. 1867, pp. 429-434. See ^Zool. Record,^ iii. p. 11. These notices are concluded by the present communication. . Der grossohrige Beuteldachs, Perameles {Macrotis) la^ gotis (Reid). Ibid. pp. 1-12, 41-56, 81-92, with a plate. Senoner, a. Die Hausthiere Egyptens. Zoolog. Gart. 1867, pp. 293-299. A short popular treatise on the domestic animals of Egypt, compiled from ‘ Studii scientifici sulk Egitto e sue adjacenze compresala penisola delF Arabia petrea ’ del Dr. A. Figari Bey. Lucca, 1864-65 (vol. ii. p. 17). Slack, J. H. Mammalogical notices. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1867, pp. 34-38, with a plate. Smith, J. A. Notes of several recent contributions to the Zoology of Old Calabar. Proc. R. Phys. Soc. Edinb. 1864-65, pp. 303-308. [Galago demidoffii.'\ Stricker, W. Zur naturgeschichtlichen Statistik der in Pom- mern ausgerotteten Saugethiere. Zoolog. Gart. 1867, pp. 306-309. [Contribution to the statistics regarding the mammals of Pommerania which have become extinct.] D. Anatomical Publications, Allen, H. On some features in the conformation of the Mam- malian Skull. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1867, pp. 11-13. Arloing, S. Contribution h Fetude de Forganisation du pied chez le cheval. An, Sc. Nat. 1867, viii. pp. 55-81, with two plates. Beger, H. Zur vergleichenden Anatomic der Wasserratte und Feldmans, Arvicola amphibius und arvalis. Zeitschr. ges. Ntrwiss. 1867, xxx. pp. 145-184. • [Contribution to the comparative anatomy of A.] Claudius, M. Das Gehororgan von Rhytina stelleri. Mem. Ac. Sc. St. Petersb. 1867, xi. no. 5. pp. 14, with two plates. Crisp, E. On some points connected with the Anatomy of the Hippopotamus. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 601-612, with woodcuts. On the form, size, and structure of the Viscera of the Hippopotamus , as compared with the same parts in the members of the Pachyderm family and in some other animals. Ibid. pp. 689-695. MAMMALIA* 13 Eberth, C. J. Untersucliungen iiber die Leber der Wirbel- thiere. Arch, microsc. Anat. 1867, pp. 423-440, with a plate. [llesearches into the structure of the Liver of Vertebrates] . Fischer, — . Note sur une deformation pathologique de la machoire inferieure du Cachalot. Robin, Journ. Anat. et Phys. 1867, pp. 382-388, pi. 13. Flower, W. H. Notes on the visceral anatomy of Hyomoschus aquaticus. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 954-960, with two woodcuts. Priedlowsky, a. Ein Pall von Pehlen des Schweifes, sowie der After- und Urogenitalbffnung an einem Hunde, nebst einem Anhange iiber Wirbelassimilation. Verhandl. zool.- bot. Gcs. Wien, 1867, pp. 521-526. The author describes a case of monstrosity of a dog, in which tail, vent, and urogenital opening were wanting. He mentions also a case of assimilation of vertebrse.^^ See HyrtPs paper, Zool. Record, i. p. 104. Goubaux, a. Observations diverses sur Pos pubis chez le cheval. Robin, Journ. Anat. et Phys. 1867, pp. 238-248. Granury, M. Memoire sur la structure de la capsule surrenale de Fhomme et de quelques animaux. Robin, Journ. Anat. ct Phys. 1867, pp. 225-237, 389-409, with five plates. Gruber, W. Halsrippe bei Cants familiaris. Reichert und Du Bois Reym. Arch. Anat. etc. 1867, pp. 542-546, with a figure. Gulliver, -G. On the coloured corpuscles of the blood of pyren0ematous and apyrensematous Vertebrates. Journ. of Anat. & Physiol. 1867, i. pp. 1-7. Haughton, S. Notes on Animal Mechanics, Nos. VI.-XVllI. Proc. R. Irish Acad. vol. ix. part 3, 1866, pp. 267-294, and part 4, 1867, pp. 469-526, with woodcuts. These notes were commenced in 1865, see ^Zool. Record,^ ii. p. 15. The present continuation refers to the myology of Macacus nemestrinusj Cercopithecus^ CynocephaluSy Crocodile, Marsupials, Emu, Rhea, Irish Terrier, Dingo, Badger, Virgu nian Bear, Otter, Rhinoceros, and some Ruminants, . On some points in the muscular anatomy of the Mar- supials. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, xix. pp. 127- 131. Hering, E. Ueber den Bau der Wirbelthier-Leber. Sitzgsber. Ak. Wiss. Wien, liv. pp. 496-515, with a plate. (Zweite Mittheilung.) 14 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. [Oil the structure of the Liver of Vertebrates. Second partj see ^Zool. Record/ iii. p. 12,] ^ Hulke, J. W. Notes on the anatomy of the Retina of the common Porpoise (Phocana communis) . J ourn. of Anat. & .Physiol, 1867^ i. pp. 19-25^ with a plate. Humphry, G. M. On some points in the anatomy of the Chimpanzee. Journ. of Anat. & Physiol. 1867, i. pp. 254- , 268, with a plate. Jackel, a. j. Beitrage zu der Lehre von der thierischen anomalen Mannweiblichkeit. Abhandl. ntrhist. Gesellsch. NUrnberg, iii. 1866, pp, 240-268. • [Contributions to the knowledge of anomalous hermaphro- ditism in animals.] Koster, W. Sur la signification morphologique de Pos occi- pital et des deux vertebres cervicales superieures. Arch. Nderland. 1866, livr. 4. Abstract in Ann. Sc. Nat. 1867, vii. p. 122. LuCiE, G. Ueber die Zeugungswege des weiblichen Kiinguruhs. Zool. Gart. 1867, pp. 418-424, 471-474. [On the female genital organs of Halmaturus,'] Macalister, a. On some points in the anatomy of Globiocepha- lus svineval (Gray). Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 477-482. Mivart, St. G. Contributions towards a more complete know- ledge of the skeleton of the Primates. Part I. The ap- pendicular skeleton of Simia. Trans. Zool. Soc. vi. 1867, pp. 175-225, with nine plates. — — . ‘ On the appendicular skeleton of the Primates. Philos. Trans, vol. clvii. 1868, pp. 299-429, with four plates. Ab- stract in Proc. Roy. Soc. 1867^ p. 320. Pagenstecher, H. a. Mensch und Afle. Ein Vergleich der Musculatur des Drill mit der des Mensch en unter Beriick- sichtigung allgemeiner Gesichtspunkte der Muskellehre und der Unterschiede von Hand und Fuss. Zoolog. Gart. 1867, pp. 121-137, 161-172. [Man and Ape. A comparison of the muscles of Mandril Uuco]^h(Bus with those of man, with regard to some other points of myology generally, and to the distinctions between hand and foot.] Pansch, a. De sulcis et gyris in cerebris simiarum et homi- num. Schrift. Univers. Kielaus 1866, 1867, xiii. pp. xii & 42, w/ith a plate. ^ Peters, W. Ueber die bei Beutelthieren im Entwicklungs- zustande vorkommende Verbindung des Os tympanicum MAMMALIA. 15 ' unit dem Unterkiefer, als einen neuen Bewcis fur die Ueber- einstimmung dieses Knocliens mit dem Os quadratum der iibrigen Wirbelthiere. Monatsber. Ak. Wiss. Berlin, 1867, pp. 725-729. [On the union of the tympanic bone with the lower jaw occurring in the Marsupials during development, as a fresh proof of the agreement of this bone with the os quadratum of the other classes of vertebrates. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1868, i. p. 388.] . Ueber das Os tympanicum und die Gehbrknochelchen " der Schnabelthiere in Bezug auf die Frage von der Deu- tung des Quadratbeines bei den Yogeln. Ibid. pp. 779- 782, with a plate. [On the os tympanicum and ossicula auditus in the Monotre- mata, in connexion with the question of the interpretation of the os quadratum in birds. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1868, i. p. 390.] Pettigaew, J. B. On the distribution of the fibres in the Muscular Tunics of the fetomach in Man and other Mam- malia. Proc. Boy. Soc. 1867, xvi. pp. 65 67 (abstract). PoucHET, G. 'Note sur Panatomie du membre ' anterieur du grand Fourmilier (Myrmecophaga jubata), Compt. Bend. 1867, July 1, pp. 34-37. Bobin, Ch. Memoire sur revolution de la notocorde, des cavites des disques intervert^raux et de leur contenu gelatineux. Compt. Bend. 1867, May 6, pp. 879-886. Sander, S. The course of the Commissura cerebri antei'ior is the same in Man and Apes as in the other Mammalia. Sitzgsber. Ges. *ntrf. Freund. Berl. 1866 (1867), p. 25. Schulze, F.E. Myologische Untersuchungen. 1. Die Sehnen- verbindung in der Planta des Menschen und der Sauge- thiere. Siebold u. KollikeFs Zeitschr. 1867, pp. 1-22, pis. 1-3. [Myological researches. 1. The connexion of the tendons in the planta of Man and Mammals.] Turner, W. A contribution to the anatomy of the Pilot Whale [Globiocephalus svineval, Lac.). Journ. of Anat. & Physiol, i. 1867, pp. 66 79, with woodcuts. ^ WiLCKENs, — . DasWiederkauen und dieVerdauung desSchafes. Zeitschr. ges. Ntr wiss. xxx. pp. 350-352. [On the process of rumination and digestion in the sheep.] Wilder, B. G. On the morphological value and relations of the human hand. Sillim. Journ. 1867, xliv. pp. 44-48. This is an abstract of a memoir read before the Amer. Acad. 16 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE, of Sc. 1866j Aug. 6j and to be published in their memoirs. The author gives the contents of his paper in 29 propositions which do not admit of being further condensed. Wilder, B. G. Morphology and Teleology, especially in the Limbs of Mammalia. (Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.) Abs- tract in Sillim. Amer. Journ. 1866, pp. 132-135. Wyman, J. On symmetry and homology in limbs. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xi. June 5, 1867 (separ. copy, pp. 45). The object of this paper is the study of the fore and hind limbs, viewing them as if they were constructed, not only after one and the same type, but in a symmetrical manner. They would repeat each other exactly in an ideal animal, just as the right and left parts do in the actual. In the actual animal the fore and hind parts are so modified as to adapt them to special conditions of existence. Bight and left parts repeat each other almost exactly, because their conditions are the same. In fore and hind limbs of the developed animal diver- sity is the rule ; but as we go back to the early stages of em- bryonic life, the symmetry and equality of fore and hind parts becomes nearly exact. Although the present paper is limited to the bones of the limbs, the author thinks that, if the idea of fore and hind symmetry enters into the composition of animal structures at all, it will be traced not only in the limbs, but in all the great systems of organs. General Notes and Faunae. 4 M. PucHEiiAN brings to a conclusion his treatise on the evi- dence which can be furnished by geology in explanation (if the differences between existing faunas. Rev. et Mag, Zool. 1867, pp. 161-169, 197-199, 257-271 (see Zool. Record, ii. pp. 10 & 58 ; hi. pp. 11, 13) . After some remarks on the great similarity of the faunas of Sumatra, Java, and Borneo, he recapitulates the facts demonstrating the connexion of the various faunas of the present period and the unity of plan not only of the present but ^ also of the extinct creations. He expresses his belief in a direct descent of the living fauna from the extinct one which preceded it, the change being gradually effected by the necessity of the organisms adapting themselves to the continuous change of the soil occupied by them. He hopes that geology will make plain the changes which have taken place in the distribution of land and water, and on which the radiation of the organic types has depended. In tile Austrian Empire rewards have been paid for 178 Lears, 1037 wolves, 9 lynxes, 526 wild cats, 1612 martens, and 6602 foxes, all killed in the year 1866. Zoolog. Gart. 1867, p. 444. MAMMALIA. 17 >! Switzerland. A list of the fossil and recent Mammalia has been given by Prof. Riitimeyer (see above, p. 3). ^ North China. M. A. Milne-Edwards mentions provisionally 10 now Mam- malia from Mongolia and Mantschuria. v/ Japan. Dr. v. Martens (/. c, pp. 7 6-87 f see above, p. 1) gives a general sketch of the mammals of this country. V Egypt. Dr. R. Hartmann has supplied a great desideratum in determining and enumerating the Mammalia represented by the ancient Egyptians, Zeitschr. f. agypt. Sprache u. Alterthums- kunde, ii. pp. 7-12, 19-28. It appears that many animals were represented by them which are not indigenous in Egypt, but were imported as objects of curiosity or domesticated at later periods. We give a complete list of the animals recognized by the author, as the journal quoted is not easily accessible to zoologists : — Oynocephalus hamadryad and hahuin. Cercopithecus griseo-viridis and pyrrhonotus. Pteropus in several species. Erinaceus libycus and eethopictis. Crocidura crassicauda. ? Sorex indicus. Fells leo, leopardus, guttata, servalj caligata, caracal, manicidata, domestica, Herpestes ichneumon. Genetta mil- garis. Viverra civetta. ? Rhabdogale mustelina. Hyaena striata and cro- cuta. Lycaon pictus. Canis aureus, var. lupaster, niloticus, familiaris in Jive races. Ursus arctos. Mus tectorum. Dipiis. Hystrix cristata. Lepua (Bgyptiacus. (Camelus dromedarius is not represented.) Oerviis dama. Ca- melopardalis. Antilope dorcas, ruficollis, megoloceros, leucotis, leucoryx, heisa^ addax, huhalis, and several others indistinctly represented. Ibex nuhiana, Capra hircus in two principal types and various intermediate forms. Ammo- tragus tragelaphus. Ovis arics in three varieties and numerous intermediate forms ; the variety steatopygos is not indigenous. Bos taurus in three breeds. Hippopotamus. Phacochoerus celiani. Sus domesticus. Equus caballus (a late importation), asinus *. Hyrax. Rhinoceros. Elephas cfricanus. Oryc- teropqs capensis. The paper contains many highly interesting observations on the races of the domestic animals, upon which we cannot enter here. ,On the domestic animals of Egypt see Sbnoner, A., p. 12. Nubia. Sir S. W. Baker’s ‘ The Nile Tributaries of Abyssinia and the Sword Hunters of the Hamran Arabs,’ London, 1867, 8vo, pp. 696, con- tains numerous observations on the animals met with by the celebrated tra- veller. -A North-eastern Africa. Messrs, v. Heuglin and Fitzinger have attempted to give a complete list of the Mammals of North-eastern Africa. The nucleus of the list appears to have been the collections made by the former gentleman, to which Dr. Fitzinger has added other species from works accessible to him. The list is neither complete nor critically worked out. The species are not described ; only some remarks on their geographical distribution are given. The list contains 12 Quadrumana, 38 Bats, 46 Carnivores, 16 Insectivores, 62 Rodents, 2 Edentata, 13 Pachyderms, 4 Solidungula, 61 Ruminants, and 6 Cetaceans. Sitzgsber. Ak. Wiss. Wien, liv. pp. 637-611. West Africa. We have to refer to P. B. Du Chaillu’s ^A Journey to * The author system. 1867. [voL. IV.] that Heuglin’s E. tceniopus may be erased from the c 18 ZOOLOOrCAli LITERATURE. Ashango-Land/ London, 1867, 8vo, pp. 601, which contains the writer’s more recent observations on the Gorilla^ Chimpanzee, Potamogale, and PhoU- dotus africanus. ^South-western Africa, Prof. Peters enumerates seven species of Chiroptera collected at Otjimbingue. Monatsher. Ak. Wiss. Berl, 1867, p. 234. nJI Madagascar. The work on the Mammals- and Birds of Madagascar by Messrs. Schlegel & Pollen has been mentioned above (p. 2). Beside the zoological descriptions of the new or imperfectly known species, M. Pollen has given his notes on the habits or geographical distribution of Lichanotus hrevicaudatus (p. 20), Avahis laniger and Lemur varms (p. 21), Lemur catta and Chiromys (p. 22, rather unimportant), Galidia elegans and concolor (p. 23), Centetes (p. 24), Pteropus edwardsii (p. 25), Taphozous leucopterus and Uysopes (p. 26), Mus (p. 27), Sus larvatus (p. 28), and Cetaceans (p. 29). 4 M. Grandidier enumerates 39 species of Mammalia collected by him in Madagascar, Bev. et Mag. Zool. 1867, p. 313. Auckland Islands. Students of the fauna of these islands ought to refer to a narrative by Capt. Th. Musgrave, ‘ Castaway on the Auckland Isles,’ Lon- don, 1866, 16mo, which contains occasional notes on the few animals observed by the author. "^Nova Scotia. Dr. Gilpin has continued his very interesting observations on the Mammalia, Proc. & Trans. Nov. Scot. Inst. Nat. Sc. ii. 1867, pp. 8-16. This part contains the account of the Mustelidce. 4 United States, Arizona. Dr. Elliott Coues has given a very interesting ac- count of the Mammals of this territory. He enumerates about 70 species, adding his observations on their habits. A squirrel is described as new. Amer. Natur. i. 1867, pp. 281-292, 351-363, 393-400, 631-541.— A list of 28 species with the systematic names has been published by the same author in Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1867, pp. 133-136. QUADBUMANA. Mr. St. G. Mivart lias pujblislicd a memoir ^ On the Appen- dicular Skeleton of the Primates,' of which an abstract is given in Proc. Boy. Soc. 1867, p. 320, and which has appeared in Philos. Trans, clvii. pp. 299-429, pis. 11-14 : — The author begins by mentioning the principal variations found in the order Primates, as to the absolute and relative strength of the pectoral limb with and without the maniis \ and then, taking each bone separately, describes the modifications undergone by each in all the genera of the order, as also the relative size of the segments and bones of the limb compared to each ■other and to the spine. The pelvic limb is then similarly treated of, and, in addition, its segments and bones are compared with the homotypal segments and bones of the pectoral limb. The author after this reconsiders the ques- tion as to the use of the terms “ hand ” and foot,” and the applicability of the term Qudrumanous ” to Apes and Lemuroids. He opposes the position lately assumed by Dr. Lucae (see Zool. Record, ii. p. 20), that, both anato- mically and physiologically, the pes of apes is more like the human hand than the human foot. Tables of the dimensions and proportions of the limbs, their segments and bones, are then given, exhibiting the variations presented in these respects throughout the whole series of genera. The author then MAMMALIA, 19 considers the more peculiar forms of the order, beginning with man. The principal resemblances and differences in form, size, and proportion between the human appendicular skeleton and that of other Primates are given in de- tail, followed by a list of those points in which man differs, as to the bony structure of his limbs, from all other Primates. The limb-skeletons of the Orang, Marmoset, Indri, Slender Lemur, Tarsier, and Aye-aye are then similarly reviewed, and lists given of the absolute peculiarities found in each. The conclusion arrived at from these comparisons is, that Man differs less from the higher Apes than do certain Primates below him from each other, and that he, thus judged, evidently takes his place amongst the members of the suborder Anthropoidea. The author concludes by stating what he be- lieved to be the degrees of affinity existing between the various forms, as far as could be ascertained from the consideration of the appendicular skeleton exclusively. . Simula. Mr. St. G. Mivart has described the appendicular part of the skeleton of ^imia with the minuteness of human osteology, Trans. Zool. Soc. vi. pp. 176-235, figuring each bone, pis. 35-43, and comparing them with those of the Chimpanzee, the Gorilla, and Man. He concludes with the following remarks : — The Orang differs from every other Primate without exception in : — the great absolute length of the pectoral limb minus the manus, of the manus itself, of its third digit both with and without its metacarpal, and of the me- tacarpal of the pollex ; the great difference between the length of the pollex and that of the index ; the large diameter of the acetabulum compared with the length of the spine ; the small proportion borne by the femur to the hu- merus ; the very obtuse angle formed by the neck of the femur with its shaft ; the all but constant absence of the pit for the ligamentum teres on the head of the femur ; the shortness of the tibia compared with the humerus ; the length of the pes compared with that of the rest of the pelvic limb j the length of the pes compared with that of-the tibia ; the absolute length of the three middle metatarsals ; the absolute length of the longest digit with its metatarsal ; the very small proportion home by the length of the hallux to that of the longest digit of the pes ; the occasional absence of the second digit of the hallux ; the great length of the index, with its metatarsal, com- pared with the length of the spine ; the small length of the hallux (both with and without its metatarsal) compared with that of the whole pes ; the great length of the index, without its metatarsal, compared with that of the whole pes ; the nearly equal length of the indices of the pes and manus, both with and without the metatarsal and metacarpal ; the shortness of the tarsus com- pared with the length of the pes. Thus the Orang is one of the most peculiar and aberrant forms to bo found in the order Primates. Prof. Bischoff has published an important work on the skulls of the Anthropoid Apes (see above, p. 4). After introductory remarks on the history of our knowledge of these animals, and general descriptions of their skulls, he proceeds to the chief ob- ject of his researches, viz., first, a comparison of the skulls of the two sexes' of each of the three apes separately in an adult state ; c 2 20 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. secondly, a comparison of the skulls of the adult male an^d female of one species -with those of the corresponding sex of the two others ; and, finally, of the skulls of young individuals. He has not been able to convince himself of the existence of more than three species. Of the contents of the concluding chapter (which is directed against Darwin) we have to mention,^Vs/, that, in the author^s opinion, there can be no question as regards the relative affinities between Man, Anthropoid Apes, and the oth^r Quadrumana, as soon as due attention is paid to the whole of the differences existing between them ; it is only when isolated points are taken into a one-sided consideration, that Man can be associated with the Anthropoids, and these separated from the other Quadrumana. Secondly, if we limit ourselves to the ex- amination of the skull and brain only (which are the most im- portant points), the Chimpanzee proves to approach more closely to Man than the Gorilla and Orang. Thirdly, if we assume Man to have descended in a direct line from a being of lower orga- nization, this being cannot be coexistent with Man ; and there- fore none of the Anthropoid Apes is his direct ancestor. ^ An abstract of the concluding chapter is also given in Sillim. Journ. 1867, xliv. p. 142. K The memoir is illustrated by 22 beautifully executed litho- graphic plates. Some remarks on another skull of a male Gorilla, by the same author, in Sitzgsber. bayer. Ak. Wiss. 1867, i. p. 444. Troglodytes'gorilla. Mr. W. W. Keade has published some short notes on its habits in Americ. Natur. i. 1867, pp. 177-180. — Prof. Halford has described the skeletons of a male and female. Trans. & Proc. R. Soc. Victor, vii. pp. 84-89, Troglodytes niger. Prof. Bischopp has examined two other skulls of the Chimpanzee, which confirm him in his opinion that Troglodytes tschego is not a distinct species. He refers also to Prof. BriihTs work on the Orangs (Wien, 1856), in which the author distinguishes (erroneously) two species from the presence or absence of a crest on the head. Sitzgsber. bayer. Ak. 1867, i. pp. 288-298. — He also mentions the skull of a female with six molars. Ibid, p. 444.si-Prof. Humphuy’s observations, in Journ. Anat. & Physiol. 1867, i. pp. 264-268, refer chiefly to the anatomical differences in the hinder and lower limbs from the conesponding parts in man.— 4Dr. Slack gives the measure- ments of a skeleton which he has determined as Anthropopitheom tschego, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1867, p. 84. ^Semnopithecus entellus. Oapt. Hutton demonstrates that this monkey is entirely and absolutely restricted within narrow limits to the hot tropical plains of the south-western Gangetic provinces. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 944-962. Sj\Iacacus fur, sp. n.. Slack, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 86, pi. 1, from Luzon. -■^^ynocephalus doguera. Notes on an Abyssinian example, by Slack, 1. c, p. 86. MAMMALIA. 21 Mandril leuto'phmm. Prof. Pagenstecher has examined the muscles and compai’ed them with those of man, treating on this occasion on some other points of gonoral' myology and osteology. Zool. Qart. 1867, pp. 121-137, 161-172. CEBIDiE. Cebm fatuelliis. Dr. Hensel narrates his experiences with this species during his travels in Southern Brazil. Zool. Gart. 1867, pp. 372-374. J Mycetes seniculus. Dr. Hensel gives a very interesting account of his ob- servations on this monkey during his sojourn in Southern Brazil, 1. c. pp. 861- 372. Mycetes palUatus (Gray) is stated by Dr. Slack to be the young of Aluata niyer. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 36. Ateles hartlettii, sp. n., Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 992, pi. 47 (or Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xx. p. 300), from Xeberos, Upper Amazons. LsMURIDiE. Mr. St. G. Mivart lias examined the specimens in the Col- lection at the Jardin des Plantes, and published the results of his examination as Notes on the Osteology of the Lemuridae, additional to the memoir published in 1 864 (see Zool. Record, i. p. 13). Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 960-975. Among other interesting forms he examined Chirogaleus furcifer and Lepilemur) and adds now the osteological character of these genera, and of Microcebus, which, however, is only provisionally retained as a distinct genus. He gives also the characters of the species and their synonymy. '^Messrs. Schlegel and Pollen describe, in their ^ Recherches sur la faune de Madagascar’: — Lemur macaco, p. 1 ; Lemur mayotensis, p. 3; Hapa- lemur griseus, p. 6 ; Chirogaleus furcifer, p. 8, pi. 6 ; Lepilemur mustelinus, p. 10, pi. 4; and Microcehus coquereli, sp. n., p. 12, pi. 6. \| Lndris. Mr. St. G. Mivart has published, as a further addition to his me- moirs on the skulls of Lemuridcc (see Zool. Record, i. p. 13, and iii. p. 16), a very detailed description of the skull of lndris diadema. He has come to the conclusion that the three forms of Indrisincc form one genus only ; he gives their craniological characters at the end of the paper. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 247-256, pi. 18. Propithecus vei'reauxi, sp. n., Grandidier, Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1867, pp. 84, 313, from Madagascar. Microcehus coquereli is figured and described in Pollen, Contribut. Hist. Nat. L6mur. part 1 ; and is evidently identical with Chirogaleus coquereli, sp* n., Grandidier, Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1867, p! 85, from Madagascar. -\Lepilemur rufcaudatus, sp. n., Grandidier, 1. c. p. 256, Madagascar. 4Nycticchus cinereus, sp. n., A. Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sc. Nat. 1867, vii.' p. 161, and Nouv. Arch. Mus. Bull. iii. p. 9, pi. 3, from Siam and Cochin- china. Prosimia Jlavifrons, sp. n.. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 596, pi. 31, Madagascar. 22 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. / Galago elegantulus is regarded as distinct from Q, crassicaudatus by Slack,* I Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad, 1867, p. 37. Galago demidoifii described by J. A. Smith, Proc. R. Phys. Soc. Edinb. '\^1864-65, p. 303. FERiE. Chiroptera. Pteropus» Prof. Peters, v/ho has been for some time engaged in the study of Chiroptera, has given a synopsis of 26 species, which he refers to the limited genus Pteropus, after having ex- amined the typical examples in the Leyden, Paris, and London Museums. He characterizes the group of Pteropodes generally, and adds the synonymy of each species. Monatsber. Ak. Wiss. Berlin, 1867, pp. 320-333. Three new species are described, viz. : — Pt. ocularis, from Ceram, p. 326 ; PA macrotis, from Booroo, p. 327; and Pt. celebensis, p. 333. [He also mentions Mac- Gillivray^s Pteropus geddiei] the Recorder recollects having seen MacGillivray's description of it in a popular English periodical about the year 1860, when Cumming received the first examples from Aneiteum, where MacGillivray was then collecting.] In a second paper (/. c. pp. 865-872) the synopsis of the Pteropodes is concluded; it comprises Cynonycteris (Ptrs.) with 4 species, Cynopterus (F. Cuv.) with 3, Ptenochirus (Ptrs.) with 1, Megcerops (Ptrs.) = (Temm.) with 1, Harpyia (111.) with 1, Epomophorus (Benn.) with 8, Hypsignathus {KWqw) with 1, Macroglossus (F. Cuv.) with 2, Cephalotes (Geoffr.) with 1 species. Pteropus gmldii, sp. n., Peters=Pf. /zmerews (Gould), 1. c. p. 703, Australia. Pteropus dupreanus, sp. n., Sclilogel & Polloii, Recliorcli. Faun. Madag. p. 17. Pteropus palmarum is described as a new species by Von lleuglin, Nov. Act. Ac. Carol. Leopold. Nat. Cur, 1866, p. 34, Upper Nile Macroglossus minimus, var. austi'alis, Peters, 1. c. p. 13, West Australia. Epomophorus pusillus, sp. n., Peters, =J^. schoensis (Tomes), 1. c. p. 870, West Africa. Saccoptery/v, Prof. Peters has published preliminary notes on the species of this genus and allied forms, chiefly from an ex- amination of examples preserved in spirits. Monatsber. Ak.‘ Wiss. Berl. 1867, pp. 470-481. These bats may be subdivided into several groups : — 1. Saccopteryx (Rl.) with S. leptura and S. bilineata. 2. Peropteryx (Ptrs.) with Vespertilio caninus (Wied.), Prohoscidea viUosa (Gervais), Peropteryx kappleri, sp. n., p. 473, and Pet'opteryxleucoptera, sp. n., p. 474, both from Surinam. 3. Cormura (Ptrs.) witb Emballonura brevirostris (Wagn.), with figure. ♦ We have not been able to obtain the volume or paper in which this species is described. MAMMALIA. 23 4:.^ Balantiopieryx (Ptrs.) with B. plicata, sp. n., p. 476, from Costa Kica. , 6. Rhynchonycteris (Ptrs.) with Vespertilio naso (Wied.). 6. Ccntronycteris (Gray) with Vespertilio calcarata (Wied.). 7. Coleura (Ptrs.) witli Emhallonura afra (Ptrs.). 8. Emhallonura (Kuhl) with E. monticola (Kuhl), Mosia nigrescens (Gray), and Vespertilio semicaudata (Peale). The author remarks that the species provided with a pouch are exclusively neotropical, that the pouchless American species are more closely allied to those with a pouch than to those of the Old World, and that the single African species shows more affinity to the American forms than to Emhal- lonura, which is limited to the East. Mimon (Gray). Remarlcs, from an examination of fresh specimens, by Peters, Monatsher. Ak. Wiss. Berlin, 1867, p. 409. Rhinolophus deckenii, sp. n., Peters, 1. c. p. 705, Zanzibar. Vespertilio {Bternopterus') lohipes, sp. n., Peters, 1. c. p. 706, An’akan. Vespertilio tetnm inckii is regarded as the type of a distinct submenus, Alobus, W Eeters, /. c. p. 707. '^Amhlyotus atratus. Kolenati had described a bat from Mount Altvater, Jn Moravia, under this name (Sitgsber. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 1858, xxix. p. 250). Its existence as a distinct form had been doubted ; however. Hr. Jeitteles (1. c.) has rediscovered it, and, after having given a detailed description, he sums up its characters thus (p. 9) : — Amhlyotus. Molars Ears without folds, and with the outer margin terminating in front of the tragus. Tragus convex on the upper third of the inner margin, its end being rounded and bent upwards and outwards. Calcaneum with an extremely narrow, lateral cutaneous flap, not projecting outwards. Thus the genus would be intermediate between Vesperugo and Vespertilio, — Char. spec. Ears much shorter than head } wing-membrane reaching to the root of the toes ; extremity of tail projecting beyond the membrane. Cutting-surface of the lower front teeth parallel to the direction of the mandible. The first upper front tooth bicuspid, some- what higher, and transversely conspicuously stronger than the second. Snout broad and obtuse, with but few hairs, black. Hairs on the back shining golden. The author adds that this bat is possibly a hybrid between Vespe- rugo nilssonii, or discolor, and some species of Vespertilio, perhaps dauhentonii or mystacinus. (A translation of this paper appeared in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1868, i. pp. 157-160). Insectivora. ^ Mr. St. G. Mivart has published an elaborate paper on the osteology of this family, dwelling principally on the structure of the skull and dentition. Journ. of Anat. & Physiol. 1867, 1st ser. pp. 281-313, and 2nd ser. i. pp. 117-154. He first describes six typical forms, viz. : — Rrinacms, Talpa, Sorew, Tupaia, Ma- croscelides, and Centetes. The other genera examined are : — Hy- lomys, Ptilocercus, Petrodromus, Rhynchocyon, Gymnura, Con- dylura, Scalops, and Scapanus (in the first part of the paper) ; TJrotrichm, Myogale, Ericulus, Echinops, Solenodon, Potamogale, Chrysochloris, Calcochloris (g. n. = Chrysochloris , spec., with two molars and without vesicular enlargement in the temporal fossa). 24 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. and Galeopithecus (in the second part) . The author calls atten- tion to a cranial canal opening externally, below and more or less behind the optic foramen ; it is largely developed in Petro- dromuSy Rhynchocyon, and Gymnura ; it does not open into the cranial cavity, but communicates with its fellow on the oppo- site side : the author proposes to call it suboptic foramen. The general results arrived at, with regard to the affinities of the genera, follow very closely the arrangement proposed by Prof. Peters ; but Mr. Mivart separates Chrysochloris and Calco- chloris from the Talpidte into a distinct division, Chrysochlorid4 Gerhillus hremcaudatus and unguicxdatus, spp. nn., A. Milne-Edwards, \ c. p. 377. Myoxus glis and nitela. Notes on the hybernation by F. Tiomann, Zoolog. Gart. 1867, p. 144. The author thinks that the season of copulation is not the spring but the autumn (October). Myoxus dry as. Hr. Jeitteles gives an account of his observations on a living example, and a description of its skeleton, 1. c. pp. 14-24. ^ Dr. Gray has published a series of papers on the species of Sciuridee contained in the collection of the British Museum. In the first paper (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, xx. pp. 270- 286) he characterizes the genera and species of Asiatic Squir- rels, in the second (pp. 323-334) those of Africa, in the third (pp. 415-434) those of the New World, and in the foiu’th MAMMALIA* ' 31 '^.(pp. 434-436) the genus Tamias, adding the synonymy, and proposing the following arrangement ; — I, Without cheek-pouches. Fur soft, consisting of fusiform hairs and a soft undor-fur. Ears ovate. Tree-Squirrels. A. Limbs free, -without parachute. a. Incisors with close longitudinal grooves. 1. Rheithrosciurus, g. n., p. 271 j type Sciurus macrotis (Gray). h. Incisors smooth. 2. Sciurus, Ears pencilled j nose rounded; tail longer than body. 8. Macroxus. Ears covered with short adpressed hairs ; nose short, blunt ; tail longer than body. 4. Rhinosciurus. Ears covered with short adpressed hairs; nose acute, produced ; tail longer than the body. B. Limbs enclosed in skin, forming a parachute. 6. Sciuropterus. II. Without cheek-rpouches. Fur short, rigid, with flat channelled spines, without any under-fur. Ears rounded, scarcely raised. Ground- Squirrels. 6. Xerus (pp. 271 & 832). ^IIJ. With distinct cheek-pouches. Bun’owing Squirrels. 7. Tamias. Sciurus. Dr. Gray (1. c.) subdivides the species according to size, length of tail, arrangement of the hairs of the ear, and coloration ; he characterizes : — nine Asiatic species, new being Sc. leucocephalus, p. 273, and Sc. historicusj from Syria, p. 273 ; two African species, p. 326 ; six American species. Sc. hyporrhodus^ from Santa F4 de Bogota, being new, p. 419. ^ M. A. Milne-Edwards describes the following new species of Sciurus in Rev. et Mag. Zool. 18G7 : — Sc. germanii, p. 193, Island of Poulo-Oondor ; Sc. hocourtii, p. 193, Siam ; Sc. griseimanus, p. 196, Oochinchina ; Sc. leucogastcr^ p. 196, Siam ; Sc, davidianus, p. 197, Peking ; Sc. pyrrhocephahlSj p. 226, Oochinchina; Sc, (Tamias) dussumierii,^. 220, Malabar; Sc, (Tamias) rodoU p. 227, Oochinchina; Sc. olimceuSj p. 228, West Africa; Sc. auhryi^ p. 228, Gaboon ; Sc. (Xerus) ^flavus, p. 229, Gaboon; Sc. pernyi^ p. 230, pi. 19, S^tcheuen in Ohina. Sciurus arizonensis, sp. n., Ooues, Amer. Natur^i. 1867, p. 367. Forma et coloribus corporis Sciuro carolinensi similis ; sed minor (body 9*6 inches, tail to end of vetebrse 9‘6 inches), cauda longiore, latiore, siibtus distincte tri- colorata (tail tricolor below, being centrally tawny, bordered with black, which is in turn fringed with white). — A detailed description is given. From Arizona. Sciurus getulus (L.)=Aen/5 trivittatus (Gray). Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 817. ,>J 3Iacroxus. Dr. Gray (1. c.) subdivides the species according to size and coloration and the width of the incisors. He characterizes 38 Asiatic species, new being: — M. (Callosciurus) sarawahensis^ p. 277 ; M. (Palmista) layardi, from Ceylon, p. 280 ; M. similis, from Nepal, p. 281 ; M. inornatus, from the Laos Mountains, p. 282 ; M. leucopus, from Gambogia, p. 282 ; M. pluto, from Borneo, p. 283 ; M. punctatissimus, p. 283. 14 African species, new being : — M. shirensis, from East Africa, p. 327 ; M. isabellinus, from West Africa, p. 329. 33 American species, new being: — M. nicoyanus, from Costa Rica, p. 423 ; M. morio, p. 424 ; M. maurus, from Oaxaca, 'p. 425; M. melania, from Point Berica, p. 425; M, neglectus, p. 426; M. ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 32 ^ griseqflavuSf from Guatemala, p. 427 ] M. leucops, from Mexico, p. 427 j M. fumigatus, from the Upper Amazons, p. 428 j M. hrunneonigerj from Brazil, p. 429; M. xanthotus, from Central America, p. 429; M. ignitus, from Bolivia, p. 429; M. gHseogena^ from Central America, p. 429; M. leuco^ gaater, from Bolivia and Brazil, p. 430 ; M, fraseii, from Ecuador, p. 430 ; M. tephrogaster and M. tcetiiuruSj from Central Americoj p. 431 ; M. irro- ratuSf from the Upper Ucayale, p. 431 ; M. Jlavivmter, fi*om Brazil, p. 432. ATamias. Dr. Gray (/. c.) characterizes seven species of this genus, T. guadrimaculatus, from California, being new, p. 436. J^Spermophilus dtillus. Notes on the hybernation by F. Tiemann, Zool. Gart. 1867, p. 144. The author thinks that the season of copulation is not the spring but the autumn (October). Spermophilus mmgolicus, sp. n., A. Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sc. Nat. 1867, vii. p. 876. Dactylomys. Dr. Hensel has made a short communication on this Rodent before the Gesellsch. ntrf. Freund. Berl. 1867, Sitzgsber. p. 21. He found it in South Brazil. It appears to be related to the Hystricina^ and more especially to Chcetomys. Hydrochcerus. Remarks on the milk-dentition by Dr. Hensel, in Sitzgs- ber. Ges. ntrf. Freund. Berl. 1866 (1867), p. 28. / Dr. Gray has published notes on the skulls of Hares and / Picas in the British Museum, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, ' XX. pp. 219-225. He follows Professor Lilljeborg in regarding ing them as two distinct groups of the Buplicidentata^ and arranges them thus : — Fam. Lagomyidje, with Ogotoma {Ogotoma pallasii^Lagomys ogotomd) mdi Lagomys (9 species). Fam. LeporiduE. Sect. I, Skull high, rather compressed. Nose compressed; cheeks nearly flat, separated from the orbits by a strong ridgo, and edged above by the prominent upper hinder elongated process of the intermaxillaries. Orbits large, roundish. Cutting-teeth moderate. A. Hares, The hinder nasal aperture of skull broad, deep, rounded above, and with nearly erect sides. Young born with the eyes open, and the body covered with hair. Living in forms” on the surface of the earth. a. Postorbital process more or less soldered with the skull. 1. Hydrolagus^Lepm § F, Baird. 2 species. 2. Sylvilagus= Lepus § D, Baird. 3 species. 3. Bulagos, with L. mediterraneus, and Eulagos judcece^ sp. n., p. 222, from Palestine. h. Postorbital process separate from the skull. 4. Lepus— Lepus §§ A & E, Baird. 30 species. ; 6. Tapeti, With L. hrasiliensis (L.). \ B. Rahhits. The hinder nasal aperture of skull narrow, deep, angular, contracted above, with sloping sides. Living in burrows. Young bom blind and naked. 6. Cuniculus— Lepus § C, Baird. 1 species. Sect. II. Skull conical, subcylindrical ; nose thick; cheeks very con- MAMMALIA. 33 / . / vex. Orbits moderate, oblong ; the hinder upper orbital notch open, short ; I zygomatic arches broad, flat, and produced behind over the temple. \ 7. Carpolagus (Blyth). '^Leims microtis is described as a new species by Von Heuglin, Nov. Act. Ac. Carol. Leop. Nat. Cur. 1865, p. 32, from North-eastern Africa. EDENTATA, Dasypus gigas. Notes on the skull by Glebel, Zeitschr. ges. Ntrwiss. 1867, XXX. p. 646. , i Dasypus sexcinctus. Prof. Turner has described the brain. Journ. of Anat. & Physiol. 1867, i. pp. 313-316. Myrmecophagajtihata. M. Pouchet has described the anatomy of the fore limb. Compt. Rend. 1867, July 1, pp. 34r-37. PACHYDERMATA. Rhinoceros. Dr. Gray has examined the specimens in the col- lections of the British Museum and Royal College of Surgeons, Proc. Zool. Soc. 18G7, pp. 1003-103JJ, After some introductory remarks on the literature of this subject and the formation of the osteological collection in the British Museum, he gives a syn- opsis of the genera : in their definition as well as in the distinc- tion of the species he has been essentially assisted by the ex- amination of the skulls ; he has been thereby enabled to distin- guish three new species, the skulls of which are figured. Also fossil species are referred to the genera. The systematic arrange- ment is the following : — I. The skin divided into shields hy well-marked folds. Skull with the inter- maxillary free y elongate; upper cutting-teeth long ; nasal hones produced^ conical. Asiatic Rhinocerotes. 1. Rhinoceros. Horn single, anterior. Lumbar and neck-folds of the skin well developed. Part of the occipital bone, near the occipital condyle, and the condyles themselves prominent. — To this genus are referred the three new species ; and therefore we add the synopsis of all the species. A. Forehead and nose behind the horn flat. {Rhinoceros*.) Nose square on the sides above ; nasal short. R.javanicus. Nose shelving on the sides above j upper jaw slightly contracted be- fore the grinders. Nasal broad, elongate. R. unicornis. Nasal narrow, short. R. nasalisy sp. n., p. 1012, from Borneo. Upper jaw much contracted before the grinders ; nasal narrow, short. R.Jloweriy sp. n., p. 1016, from Sumatra. B. Forehead and nose subcylindrical, shelving on the sides above ; nasal elongate. {Eurhinoccros* .) R.stenoccphaluSy&^.n.y'^.lOlSy'heih. — P 2. Ceratoriunus. Horns two, one behind the other. Lumbar and neck- folds of the skin rudimentary. Occipital end of the skull flat. Condylo not prominent. R. sumatranus = R. crossii. II. Skin uniform, not divided into shields. Horns two. Skull : — intetmasa * The author informs me that these two subgeneric names have been re- versed in the original, and that they should be placed as in this abstract. 1867. [voL. IV.] D 34 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. cartilaginous / intermaxillary /ree, very small ; upper cutting-teeth none ; nasal leones hroad^ rounded, Afiican Rhinocerotes. 8. Rhinaster. Head short, compressed ; upper lip with a central promi- , nence. Skull short behind j occiput erect j nasal hones rounded in front j lower jaw thick in front ; grinders small, in arched series. M, hic&rnis and JR, keiUoa = JR. camperi. 4, Oeuatothbrium. Head elongate, truncated ; upper lip square. Skull elongate and produced behind j occiput erect, produced above ; nasal bones broad, convex, truncated, and sharp-edged in front j lower jaw ‘ tapering in front j grinders large, in straight lines. JR. simus (? = gor- donii, Blainv.) and R. oswellii. in. Skin uniform^ not divided into shields. JFIom single. Skull i — inter- nasal bony ; nasal, internasal, and intennaxillary all united into one mass, Asia and Europe. Fossil. 5«^OffiJ.ODONTA. '^Hippopotamus amvhibius. Gratiolet’s work on the anatomy has been men- tioned above, p. 6.-^^r. Crisp has written on the anatomy of the Hippopo- tamus, particularly on that of the skin and viscera. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 601-612, 689-1)96. The accompanying woodcuts are very bad. XPotamochoerus edivardsi, sp. n., Grandidier, Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1867, p. 818, Madagascar, >1 Sus madagaseariensis, sp. n., Grandidier, 1. c. p. 86, Sus taivanus (Swinhoe) may be identical with Sus leucomystax of Japan. Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 240. (See Zool. Record, iii. p. 36.) *4 Tapir. Dr. Gray has examined the skulls of the species of Tapir, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 876-886. He points out the craniological characters by which the species may be distin- guished, and also records the differences of the skulls of different ages. He directs attention to the fact that, whilst in most mammals the second series of incisors are developed rather within the base of the milk -series, in the Tapirs they are deve- loped so far within their hinder edge that, when the milk-series are about to be shed, and the permanent series are just about being developed, there are two distinct series of apertures to be observed in the intermaxillary and the front edge of the lower jaw. The arrangement of the Tapiridce is the following : — A Tiibo I. TAriiiiNA. 1. Tapirus, with T. tei'reslris, T, laurillardi, sp. ii., from Venezuela (?), p. 881, established from a skull, which is figured j and T.pinchacus (villosus). 2. Rhinochoerus, with R. sumatranus and R. me. siTribe II. Elasmognathinje. 1. Elasmognathus with E. hairdii, pi. 42, r^resenting the old and young animal. Tapirus hairdii is found north of the Chagres River, Dow, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 241. — Mr. Gill describes the characters on which his genus Elasmo- gnathus is founded. Sillim. Joum. 1867, xliii. p. 370.— Mr. Verrill describes the young, ibid. xliv. p. 126. Elephas. We mention here a memoir entitled ^^Description of the Re- mains of three extinct species of Elephant ” in the Island of Malta, by Prof. Busk (Trans. Zool. Soc. vi. pp. 227-306), because numerous references are made to the osteology of the recbnt species. MAMMALIA. 35 ^ Elephas indicus. Sir E. Tennent’s work on the Elephant of Ceylon has been mentioned above, p. 6. Equus cahallus. M. Q. Arloing has published contributions to our know- ledge of the organization of the foot of the horse, Ann. Sc. Nat. 1867, viii. pp. 66-81 5 he figures cases of monstrosities of feet with additional toes, pis. 1 & 2. — “ El Kamsa. II cavallo arabo puro sangue di Cablo Guarmani M Livorno, 2® edizione, Gerusalemme 1866,” is known to us from the title only. RUMINANTIA. Tlie researches of Prof. Rutimeyer into the history and races of the Domestic Cattle have a much wider bearing than the titles of the memoirs mentioned above (p. 11) indicate. He has been drawn into a number of collateral researches which are of the greatest importance to the student of the living as well as ex- tinct Ruminants. The two parts on which these examinations are chiefly based are the skull and the dentition. Their study proves to him the correctness of the theory of a gradual evolu- tion of the species, as of the development of an individual. The foetal skulls of all Ruminants are the more similar to one an- other, the less their age. With the progress of development they diverge into a variety of modifications. Some forms, like the Domestic Cattle, are . distinguished by the extraordinary variations and modifications of their adult skulls, whilst others, like the Musk-deer, retain the embryonological characters ; mor- phologically the one may be termed very old, the others very young. As regards the dentition^ the author regards the milk- dentition as a character of the highest importance in judging of the relationship between recent forms and their extinct prede- cessors. The milk-dentition is the dentition inherited, whilst the permanent teeth are the result of the adaptation of the spe- cies during a later period of its development. Thus, for instance, the dentition of the extinct Anchitherium reappears in the milk- dentition of the more recent Hipparium ; the dentition of Tra- gulus and Hyomoschus is the milk- dentition of Anoploiheriumy Xiphodon, and Dichodon, &c. With regard to the Domestic Cattle, the author thinks that the various European varieties can be referred to three races : — 1. Bos primigenius, represented chiefly in North Germany, Hol- land, the wild cattle of England, and some of the domestic varie- ties of the same country, and the long-horned varieties of Hungary and Italy. 2. Bos brachyceros or longifrons, repre- sented by the Braunvieh in Switzerland and some parts of Germany. 3. Bos frontosus, represented by the spotted varie- ties in Switzerland and Germany. There is no doubt that the primigenius-YdiCQ, is the direct descendant from the Urus, whilst t;he frontosus-x2ice, which evidently existed in a domesticated state only, appears to be a modification of the primigenius, its 36 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. skull bearing all the characters of a not fully developed form. The brachyceros-v2iCQ was domesticated nearly at the same period as i\iQ primigenius, but its origin is still unknown. ‘ Camelopardalis giraffa. Mr, Sclater has published a list of the Giraffes that had been living in the Regent’s Park since the first acquisition of these animals. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1807, p. 891. Bos taurus. Mr. Goodman has described a three-toed Oow. Journ. of Anat. & Physiol. 1867, i. pp. 109-113. Bos americanus. Hr. v. Xantus shows that the American Buffalo is fre- quently found in a domesticated state at settlements in the far west. He thinks that much better results would be gained with the individuals kept in European menageries if they were treated more in accordance with their natural habits. A spacious ground, green fodder, and protection from heat as well as cold are necessary conditions of a successful attempt at domesti- cating this species. Zoolog. Gart. 1867, pp. 92-96. A Ovihos moschaticsr Mr. Dawkins has read a paper before the Royal Society on its affinities, skeleton, and geographical distribution. Abstract in Proc. Roy. Soc. 1867, pp. 616, 617. Antilope. Dr. Gray has compared and figured the horns and skulls of Bro~ capra guUurosa (Pall.), the Hwang- Yang or Yellow Sheep of Mongolia, and of Brocapra picticauda (Hodgs.). Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 244-246. \Antilope caudata, sp. n. (=.4. ci'ispa, Radde, not Temm.), A. Milne-Ed- wards, Ann. Sc. Nat. 1867, vii. p. 877, from North China. Gazella soemmeningi (Oretzschmar) figured by Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pi. 37. Oreas canna. Notes by Lord Hill and Mr. Sclater on the progress of its acclimatization in Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 963, 964. A Kobus sing^sing. Dr. Murie describes and figures a specimen collected by the late Baron Ilarnier on the White Nile ; and having compared it with specimens from other parts of Africa, he comes to the conclusion that the species ranges fr’om Senegambia to Abyssinia, and southwards nearly to the equator. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 3-8, pi. 2. Saiga tartarica (Pall.) figured by Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pi. 17. A Cervus. Mr. Blyth describes and figures horns of C. duvaucelli, schom- hurgkiiy and eldi, regarding C. platyceros (Gray) and C. acuticornis (Gray) as races of the latter species. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 836-842. A Dr. J, A. Smith has made some remarks on curious varieties in the antlers of Cerms elaplius and dama. Proc. R. Phys. Soc. Edinb. 1864-6, pp, 208-211. Cervus capreolus. Giebel on a monstrosity, Zeitschr. ges. Ntwiss. xxix. p. 603. Cei'vus dama. A male was deprived of the new horns two days after the old horns had been shed. The operation had no effect whatever on the generative functions of the animal. M. Schmidt, Zoolog. Gart. 1867, p. 314. Cerms eldi. Lieut. Beavan has published notes on the natural history of the Panolia Deer or Thamyn. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 769-766. Cervus cameloides, sp. n., A. Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sc. Nat. 1867, vii. p. 377> from Mandsc^uria. MAMMALIA. 37 Vermis iarandus. A Society has commenced a very promising attempt at introducing the Reindeer in the Upper Engadin. Zool. Gart. 1867, pp. 114-119. 4 IlyomoscJms aqtiaticus. Mr. Flower has examined the visceral anatomy, directing attention to a peculiar structure of the larynx (consisting especially in the extraordinary development of the thyroid cartilage), and to the pre- sence of a rudimentary psalterium. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 954-960. CETACEA. 4 Mr. Flower lias, on the occasion of his researches into the os- teology and systematic position of Inia and Fontoporia^ exposed his views on the division of the animals of this order. Trans. Zool. Soc. vi. 1867, pp. 109-115. After having recapitulated the principal distinctive characters of the two suborders Mysta- coceti and Odontoceti, he directs attention, for the further sub- division of the latter, especially to the ossified or cartilaginous condition of the sterno-costal elements, a peculiar mode of attachment of the ribs to the vertebr?e being constantly found associated with the sterno-costal bones. The following arrange- ment of the Odontoceti is proposed : — Fam. 1. PiiYSETERiDiE. Costal cartilages not ossified. The hinder rihs losing their tubercular and retaining their capitular articulation with the vertebrae. The greater number of the cervical vertebrae ankylosed together. Pterygoid bones thick, produced backwards, meeting in the middle line, and not involuted to form the outer wall of the postpalatine air-sinus. Sym- physis of mandible of moderate or excessive length. No functional teeth in upper jaw. Mandibular teeth various, often much reduced in number. Lachrymal bones usually large and distinct. Bones of the skull raised so as to form an elevated prominence or crest behind the anterior nares. Orbit of small or moderate size. Pectoral limbs small. Dorsal fin usually present. Subfam. 1. Physeterinm with Physeter and Kogia. - Subfam. 2. ZiphiincB with Hyperoodon, Perardius^ Ziphius, DioplodoUj and Micropteron. Fam. 2. pLAXANiSTiDiE. Costal cartilages not ossified. The tubercular find capitular articulations of the ribs blending together posteriorly. Cer- vical vertebrro all free. Pterygoid bones thin, not conforming in their mode of arrangement with either of the other sections. Jaws very long and narrow ; both with numerous teeth having compressed fangs. Symphysis of mandible very long, exceeding half the length of the entire ramus. Orbit very small. Lachrymal bones not distinct from the jugal. Pectoral limbs large. Dorsal fin rudimentary.’ Subfam. 1. Platanisthm. Maxillary bones supporting large bony incurved crests. No cingulum or tubercle at the base of the crown of the teeth. Pectoral fins truncated. Visual organs rudimentary. External respiratory aperture longitudinal, linear. Platanista. , Subfam. 2. Iniince. Maxillary crests absent, or very slightly developed. Many of the teeth with a complete cingulum, or a distinct tubercle at the base of the crown. Pectoral fin ovate, obtusely pointed. Inia (and Ponto- poria ?). Fam. 3. Delphinidas. Costal cartilages firmly ossified. Posterior ribs 38 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. losing their capitular articulation, and only uniting with the transverse pro- cesses of the vertebrae by the tubercle. Anterior (2-6) cervical, in most, ankylosed together. Pterygoid bones short, thin, involuted to form, with a process of the palatine bone, the outer wall of the postpalatine air-sinus. Numerous teeth in both jaws {Monodon excepted), sometimes deciduous. Symphysis of mandible short or moderate, never exceeding one-third the length of the ramus. Bones of the skull not raised into a distinct crest behind the anterior nares. Orbit of moderate size. Lachrymal bones not distinct from the jugal. Pectoral limbs varying much in form and size. Dorsal fin usually present. Subfam. 1. Belugince, with Monodon and Beluga. ^^Wam. 2. DelphinirKB. \ Prof. Lilljeborg, in his memoir quoted above, p. 10, cha- racterizes the groups and genera of the Whalebone-Whales, shortly reviewing the species known at present. He does not acknowledge Gray's genera Benedenia and Cuvierius, but pro- poses a generic division, Flowerius, for Sibbaldius borealis (Gray) . [This species being the type of Sibbaldius (Gray), Flowerius is synonymous with, and equivalent to, Sibbaldius (Gray) sensu strictiori ; whilst Sibbaldius (Lilljeb.) is identical with RudoU phius (Gray).] 4 Prof. Burmeister's observations with regard to the ejection of water from the blowholes by Whales lead to the same result as those of Prof, von Baer (see Zool. Record, i. p. 32). The Dolphins, in which the blowhole is provided with a valve, are prevented by this structure from driving out air or water. Zeitschr. ges. Ntrwiss. xxix. p. 405. We mention here that Mr.(3oPE has published a synopsis of the extinct Cetacea of the United States in Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1867, pp. 144-155. A Hunterius svedenhorgiif sp. n., Lilljeborg, 1. c. pis. 0-11, a subfossil species discovered about 80 miles from tbe coast, iu West Gothland, 800 feet above the level of the sea. •AProf. Lilljeborg (/. c.) thinks that Malm’s Balcmoptei'a carolince is a PAy- salm antiquorum. [Before a meeting of the Zoological Society of London (1868), Mr. Flower expressed it as his opinion that it is identical with Ou~ vierius sibhaldii.'] k Physahis patachonicus. Notes on the example in the Buenos Ayres Mu- seum, by Burmeister, Zeitschr. ges. Ntrwiss. xxix. p. 8. Balcenoptera, A short note, by Mr. Flower, on the rudimentary pelvis and imossified femur, in Bull. Acad. Sc., Lett. etc. Belg. 1866, xxi. p. 131. 4 Balcenoptera {Eschrichtius) robusta (Lilljeb.). Prof. Lilljeborg (/. c.) gives a detailed description of this apparently extinct whale. The bones are figured on pis. 1-8. Balcenoptet'a rostrata. Dr. A. Carte and Dr. A. Macalister have read before the Royal Society a paper on the anatomy of this Cetacean. An abstract of it appeared in Proc. Roy. Soc. 1867, xvi. pp. 64, 66. •^Balcenoptera bonaerensis, sp. n., Burmeister, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 707- 718, from Buenos Ayres. MAMMALIA. 39 Pkpsdcr madt'pcephalus, Mr. J, H. Thomson states that the frequent cases of deformity of the lower jaw (see ZooL Record, ii. p. 49) are found in male examples only, and caused by their mode of fighting, which is with their jaws mostly, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 246, -^The same malformation iS also noticed and figured by Fischer in Robin, Journ. Anat. et Phys. 1867j p. 382, pi, 13. PhyseUr simus. A note by Sir W, Elliot with regard to a faulty figure of this species is published in Trans, ^ool. Soc. vi. pp. 171-174. See Zool. Record, iii. p. 40, footnote. "^ZipMus, M. P. Fischer describes the remains of Z. cavirostriSf Nouv. Arch. Mus. iii, pp. 41-78, pi. 4. On this occasion he enters int^ a critical revision of the existing and fossil Ziphioids generally, considerably reducing the number of genera and spe- cies established by authors. With regard to recent forms : — 1. Cuvier's genus Zifhius comprises four species only, viz. Z. cavu rostris (Cuv.), Z.gervaisii (Duvern.), Z. indicus (Van Bened.), and Z. cryptodon (Burm.). 2. Hyperoodon (Lacep.) ; the author considers H. latifrons (Gray) and H. philippii (Cocco) to be pro- bably founded on old and young individuals of //. butzlwpf* 3. Berardius (Duv.). 4. Mesoplodon (Gerv.) with M, sower- byensis (Blainv.), M. europatus (Gerv.), M, densirostris (Duv.), and M. layardi (Gray). ' Mesoplodon sowet'hiensis. M. van Beneden figures the lower jaw of an ex- ample found on the coast of Norway, and enumerates the remains of the species preserved in the various museums. Bull. Ac. Sc. Lett. Belg. xxii. 1866, pp. 218-221. — A specimen cast ashore on the coast of Kerry (Ireland), Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, xix. p. 304 ] on the same example, W. An- drews, Proc. Roy. Ir. Acad. x. 1867, p. 61. •4 Epiodon patachonicum [quaere, us ?] is the name proposed now by Prof. Biumeister for his Ziphiorhynchus cryptodon, Zeitschr. ges. Ntrwiss. xxix. p. 6. He describes the skeleton, and explains, on this occasion, the asym- metrical structure of the nasal opening in this species and other Delphinoids by the presence of the large air-sac, which gradually pushes the nasal opening towards the left side. ^ Inia geqffrensis. Mr. Flower has given a most detailed description of this Cetacean, Trans. Zool. Soc. vi. 1867, pp. 87-106, accompanied by excellent figures, pis. 26-27. '■^Pontoporia hlainvilUi. The skull is described and figured by Flower, 1. c. pp. 106-109, pi. 28.-^Dr. Burmeister has published a preliminary description of the skeleton, tongue, larynx, and stomach of this Cetacean in Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 484-489. On the same subject in Zeitschr. ges. Ntrwiss. xxix. pp. 1 & 402. Delphmus. Prof. Burmeister has published remarks on the species in th^ Museum of Buenos Ayres, Zeit^cht. ges. Ntrwiss. xxix. They refer to DeW phinus mtcrops, p. 2, which he regards as identical with D. walkeri (Gray), I), ohscurus, p. 3, D. eurynome and 2). spimpinhis, p. 4. Delphinus delphis. Prof. Reinhardt reports on ah example obtained on the eastern coast of Jutland, and figures it. Vid. Meddel. naturk. Foren. Kjobenh. 1866 (1867), Nr. 10, tab. 6. 40 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 4 PhoccBna communis. On the anatomy of the retina see Hulke, Joum. of Aiiat. & Physiol. 1867, i. pp. 19-25. Qlohiocephalus svineval. Prof. Turner has contributed to the anatomy, Journ. of Anat. & Physiol. 1867, i. pp. GQ-79. — A short account of the cap- ture of a shoal of this Whale in the Firth of Forth, April 26, 1867, is given by Mr. Alsten in the Zoologist, 1867, pp. 801-803.— Dr. Macalister has examined and described the myology of a young example, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 477-482. '^Rhytina stelleri. The organ of hearing is described by Prof. Claudius, M6m. Ac. Sc. St. P^tersb. 1867, xi. no. 6, with two plates. Prof. Brandt has published some additional notes on the distribution and extinction of this animal. Bull. Ac. Sc. St. P^tersb. xi. 1867, pp. 446-461. MARSUPIALIA. Mr. Flower has published an important paper on the deve- lopment and succession of the teeth in the Marsupialia. He has examined very young examples of the types of six families, and found that, in this subclass, the teeth do not vertically displace and succeed other teeth, as in the other Mammalia, with the ex- ception of a single tooth on each side of each jaw. The tooth in which a vertical succession takes place is always the correspond- ing or homologous tooth, being the hindermost of the premolar series, which is preceded by a tooth having the characters, more or less strongly expressed, of a true molar. The author then argues the question whether the milk-dentition of the typical diphyodont Mammals is represented in the Marsupials only by these fom’ deciduous molars, or whether the large majority of the teeth of the Marsupials are the homologues of the milk-teeth of the diphyodonts, in which case the four successional premolars of Marsupials would be the feeble representatives of the perma- nent dentition of the diphyodonts. The author is inclined to assume the former as the true solution of the question, which, however, will require further confirmation from examination of examples in phases of development earlier than those at his dis- posal. Philos. Trans, clvi. pp. 631-641 ; abstract in Proc. Roy. Soc. 1867, pp. 464-468. The paper is illustrated by plates 29 & 30. The simple plan of marking the diflPerent sets of teeth with different colours renders the subject very perspicuous, and we trust that it will be followed on all similar occasions. Dr. Peters communicated to the Academy of Sciences in Berlin and to the Zoological Society of London a note on the relation of the tympanic bone to the mandible in the Marsupials, stating that he had found in a young Hal- maturus hennettii (85 millims. long without tail) and in a young Didelphys, that the former bonp is inserted into the cavity formed by the angle of the latter. He considered that this temporary glenoid surface is to be compared with the permanent glenoid cavity in birds, or at least to a part of it, as it is well known that relations which are permanent in lower animals are often MAMMALIA. 41 represented by a temporary condition during the period of evolution in higher classes. In the author’s opinion this observation tends to confirm the view that so important and constant a bone as the tympanic is in the Mammalia does not disappear at once in other vertebrates. It also obviates one of the principal objections urged against the homology of the os tympanicum with the quadrate bone of birds and reptiles, viz. that it is never united to the lower jaw. At the same time it explains the peculiar form of the angle of the lower jaw in the Marsupials. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 953 ; Monatsber. Ak. Wiss. Berl. 1867, pp. 726-729 (translated in Ann. & Mag. Nat.’ Hist. 1868, i. p. 390). In the Monotrcmata, a bone composed of two or more pieces presents the same articular connexions as the os quadratum in birds, the os tympanicum effecting the union with the pterygoid, and the malleus and incus, or the incus alone, that with the squama temporalis. Ibid. pp. 779-781 (translated in Ann. & Mag. 1. c. p. 390). Hahnaturus. Mr. E. G. Hill has confirmed by actual observation Prof. Owen’s statement that the lips or mouth are used for the transmission of the foetus into the pouch, the fore paws aiding only in keeping open the pouch. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 476-477.— -Dr. Luca has examined the female geni- tal organs of two old Halmaturi (^H. hillardieri and li. hemiettii) and of a not full-grown II. henncttii. After an historical sketch of the researches on this subject, he gives the results of his own examination. He found an open communication between the median vagina and the urethro-genital canal in the old examples, whilst there was no such aperture in the younger one. The organs of a II. hillardieri are figured. Zool. Gart. 1867, pp. 418-424, 471-474. [See also Zool. Record, iii. p. 42.] Halmaturus giganteus and henncttii. Some remarks on the skull and ske- leton by Giebel, Zeitschr. ges. Ntrwiss. xxix. p. 89. n( Perameles {Macrotis') lagotis. Dr. Max Schmidt has given a very interest- ing account of two specimens living in the Frankfort Zoological Garden. He has added detailed abstracts from the literature regarding the natural history and anatomy of this animal. Zoolog. Gart. 1867, pp. 1-12, 41-66, 81-92. On a plate three views of the animal are given from life. 4 Gymnohelideusy g. n., M'Coy, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, xx. p. 287. Teeth and general form of Belideus, but destitute of the lateral cloak-like parachute or flank-membrane, and having on the fore feet the inner finger or thumb shortest, the second longer, the third longer than the second, the fourth longest, the fifth or outer toe shorter than the third, but longer than the second. On the hind feet the inner toe or thumb is succeeded by two of nearly equal size, more slender and shorter than the others, and united to- gether as far as the base of the last joint. The thumbs of the hind feet are without nails ; and the claws of all the other toes are small, and exceeded in length by the prominent wrinkled pads on the underside. The ears are large, semielliptical, and nearly naked towards the tips. Dental formula : — incisors canines i, premolars molars -|-=40. — Gymnohelideus leadheateri, sp. n., M^Coy, 1. c. pi. 6, from the Bass River, Victoria. ^ Phascolomys. Prof. M'Coy has examined skins and skeletons of the vari- ous species. He supplements Dr. Murie’s observations by notes on the os sacrum and vertebr®, and retains Ph. setosus (Gray) as a distinct species. 42 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. Trans. & Proc. K. Soc. Victoria, part 2, vol. , viii. pp. 266-270.— Dr. Murie has continued his researches into the characters and structure of the species of this genus (see Zool. Record, ii. p. 61) in Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 798-816. This paper is more especially devoted to Fh. platyrhinuSf of which a descrip- tion of the external characters and of the skeleton is given. It can only be recognized as specifically distinct from Ph. wombat in a zoological sense. Plate 86 represents the adult and young. Didelphys. Dr. Hensel has made observations as regards the manner in which the young adhere to the teats of the mother. The lateral portion of the cleft of the mouth is closed, and there is only a round opening in front. It would appear, from a distinct line between the coalesced upper and lower lips, that the cleft is wide open in the embryo before birth, and that the lips coalesce from the angle of the mouth after the young animal has seized the teat. The teat is soft, soniewhat tapering, not swollen at the extremity, and long enough to reach into the pharynx of the young. The young adheres by the claws of the fore legs, which are much more advanced in development than the hind limbs. Sitzgsber. Ges. ntrf. Freimd. Berlin, 1867, Feb. 19, p. 6. Didelphys azarce and aurita. Notes on their distinctive characters and natural history by Dr. Hensel in Zool. Gart. 1867, pp. 290-293. AVES, 43 AYES - BY Alfred Newton, M.A., F.L.S., etc. Though exceeding in bulk that of its predecessors, the ornitho- logical literature of 1867 seems somewhat to fall off as regards special results. Nevertheless the past year has produced Prof. Huxley's remarkable attempt to construct a systematic arrange- ment of Birds based on firm, because really philosophical grounds; and the value of this scheme cannot be overrated. If it does not at once set forth a classification entirely satisfactory, it is at least a vast stride in the direction of one. The effects on ornithology of Mr. Laj^ard's long-expected ^ Birds of South Africa ' are likely, especially in the country to which it refers, to be very considerable, though it has not been elaborated with the amount of care which the difficulties of the subject required. On the other hand, in the work of Dr. Hartlaub and Mr. Einsch on the ornithology of Central Polynesia everything which lite- rary skill and profound knowledge can supply is furnished ; but, from the nature of the case, it will hardly be the starting- point of a new school of ornithologists, as may reasonably be expected of Mr. Layard's volume. The first portion of Mr. Finsch's monograph of Parrots is a model both of conception and execution ; while the completion of Mr. Eyton's ^ Osteologia Avium,' the commencement of Prof. Alphonse Milne-Edwards's ^ Oiseaux Fossiles,' and the publication of Mr. Sclater's edition of Nitzsch’s ' Pterylography ' mark the year as one of great importance as regards the generalities of ornithology. As be- fore, we have to acknowledge the receipt of much valuable help from our fellow workers in almost all countries, who have thereby rendered our ^ Record ' far more complete than it would otherwise have been; and we have included in it many notices properly belonging to previous years, which, from one cause or another, have hitherto been overlooked. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Hartlaub, Gustav. Bericht iiber die Leistungen in der Natur- geschichte der Vogel wahrend des Jahres 1866. Archiv fUr Naturg. Jahrg. xxxiii. Band ii. pp. 32. Berlin : 1867. 44 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. Little more need be said of this Report than that it is a worthy successor of the long series of its predecessors. Its author*s experience enables him to compress his information into limits so small that it would be highly dangerous for a person with less practice to attempt the like ; but, though he docs not enter minutely iiito details, wo liave noticed no serious omissions on Dr. Hartlaub^s part, and we have to thank him for the kind manner in which he is pleased to speak of our own previous ' Records.^ Arrigoni, Oddo. La Storia delF Ornitologia. Capo I. Atti Soc. Ital. Sc. Nat. x. pp. 136-144. This, the first chapter of a history of ornithology, contains notices of the works of Aristotle, Pliny, Belon, and Gesner. Blyth, E. The Ornithology of India. — A Commentary on Dr. JerdorCs ^ Birds of India.^ [See Indian Region.^^] Cassin, John. Fasti Ornithologise, No. 3. — ^ Encyclopaedia Londinensis.^ Proc. Acad. Philad. 1867, pp. 212-221. The ^Encyclopaedia^ was published between 1795 and 1829, and was compiled, digested, and arranged by John Wilkes . . . assisted by eminent scholars.'^ Mr. Cassin maintains that the names in it bestowed upon various birds for the first time should stand ; but not knowing who the editors of the ornitho- logical portion of it were, he holds the compiler responsible for the nomenclature, and proposes to alter the names of about thirty species of birds in favour of those previously (for the dates are given on the plates) given to them by this anonymous authority. {Cf. Ibis, 1868, p. 231.) Harting, J. E. The Birds of Shakespeare. Zoologist, Second Series, pp. 529-536, 649-667. The conclusion of a series of papers noticed last year (Zool. Rec. iii. p. 45). A Review of Systems. Tom. cit. pp. 584-589. That of Yarrell is most commended. Heuglin, M. T. von. Ueber die ornithologischen Arbeiten des Herzogs Paul Wilhelm von Wiirtemberg, u. s. w. [See Ethiopian Region.^^] ScLATER, P. L. Remarks on Dr.Leotaud^s ^ Birds of Trinidad.^ Ibis, 1867, pp. 104-108. [See ^^Neotropical Region.^^] SuNDEVALL, C. J. Les Oiseaux d^Afrique de Levaillant, critique de cet ouvrage. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1867, pp. 76-78, 116-122, 188-92, 218, 219, 251-254, 303-305. A continuation of M. Olph-Galliard^s translation before no- ticed (Zool. Rec. iii. p. 45) . AVES. 45 THE GENERAL SUBJECT. Altum^ B. Aberrationen. Journ. fur Orn. 1867, pp. 85-89. An enumeration of various abnormally coloured birds which have come under the author’s observation. Cope, E. D. An Account of the Extinct Reptiles which ap- proached the Birds. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia, 1867, pp. 234, 235. A very brief abstract of what must have been a most inter- esting and valuable paper. The approximation was at two points — the first by the Pterosauria, to which Arch(2opteryx had affinity. The second by the Dinosauria of the orders Gonio- poda and Symphypoda, . This was chiefly manifest by the bones of the hind limbs. The most bird-like of the Connecticut tracks were made by Batliygnathus, which had a more or less erect position. The separated metatarsals of the Bplieniscida* make an approach to the structure of the bird-like Reptiles ; but the author was unable to indicate whether the closest approxi- mation was here or among the llatitcs. Crommelin, J. P. van Wickevoort. Contributions k I’hybrido- logie ornithologique. Arch. Neerl. ii. pp. 447-452. Droste, Ferd. von. Das Reichsmuseum zii Leyden. Journ. fur Orn. 1867. pp. 352-355. . Crommelin’s Museum. Tom. cit. pp. 355, 356. Brief notices of the well-known Museum at Leyden, and the less-known collection of Heer Crommelin at Haarlem. Hartt, C. Frederick. The Recent Bird-Tracks of the Basin of Minas. American Naturalist, 1867, pp. 169-176, 234- 243. An agreeably written paper, but containing nothing of very great novelty or importance. That the commonly received ex- planation of the process by which fossil bird-tracks are pro- duced is correct is shown by the author’s experience of recent similar markings. Hosselbarth, G. Vergleichende Uebersicht der Vogel. Mit- theilungen aus dem Osterlande, Bd. xviii. (1867) pp. 67-86. A treatise of an elementary nature, in the form of a lecture delivered to the Natural History Society which meets at Al- tenburg. Hutton, F. W. Notes on the Birds seen during a Voyage from London to New Zealand in 1866. Ibis, 1867, pp. 185-193. These form a worthy sequel to the author’s former paper (Zool. Rec. ii. p. 56) . About 20 species (all but one belonging to Procellariidce) are noticed, some of them not determined, and among them two, or perhaps more, which may be new 46 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. species, but which he most judiciously refrains from describing. The results of some experiments in marking birds, to see how long they continue in company with a ship, are detailed, but these we cannot hold to be quite conclusive. More satisfactory are the observations showing that these ocean wanderers pass the night on the water. Much benefit would be derived, how- ever, if there were more exact and trustworthy observers such as Capt. Hutton. Huxley, Thomas H. On the Classification of Birds; and on the Taxonomic Value of the Modifications of certain of the Cranial Bones observable in that Class. Proe. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 415-472. This paper, so far as we are aware, is immeasurably the most important that has appeared during the past year ; and its effects on the future progress of ornithology can hardly be estimated. After briefly recapitulating the principal characters possessed in common by Aves and Reptilia, causing them to be regarded by the author as forming one primary group of Vertebrates, to which he has applied the name Sauropsida, and then the cha- racters distinguishing Birds from Hep tiles, he divides Aves into three orders: — (I.) Saurur^e, Hackel, (II.) Eatitas, Merrem, and (III.) Carinatas, Merrem. The ^aurwree have the metacarpals well developed and not anchylosed, and the caudal vertebrie are numerous and large, so that the caudal region of the spine is longer than the body. The furculum is complete and strong, the feet very Passerine in appearance. The skull and sternum are unknown ; indeed the whole Order rests entirely on the cele- brated unique fossil Archaeopteryx (Phil. Trans, 1863, pp. 33~ 47, pis. i.~iv.), and is without doubt entirely extinct. The RatUce comprehend the Struthious birds, and differ from all others in the combination of several peculiarities. The sternum has no keel, and ossifies from lateral and paired centres only ; the axes of the scapula and coracoid have the same general di- rection ; certain of the cranial bones have characters very unlike those possessed by the next order — the vomer, for example, being broad posteriorly and generally intervening between the basi- sphenoidal rostrum and the palatals and pterygoids ; the barbs of the feathers are disconnected ; there is no inferior larynx ; and the diaphragm is better developed than in other birds. The Ratitae are divided into five groups, separated by very trenchant characters, principally osteological, those afforded by the cranial bones being illustrated by a series of figures. These groups contain (i) Struthio"^, (ii) RheUj (iii) Casuarius and Dromaeus^ (iv) DinornithiSj and (v) Apterygidae ; but no names are given to * The old names of the genera or lar^^er grouns in the present abstract must be understood in the same sense as that in which they have been used in this ‘ Eecord ’ for previous years. AVE9. them. The Carinat(B contain all other existing birds. The sternum has more or less of a keel, and ossifies (except possibly in Strigops) from a median centre as well as from paired and lateral ones. The axes of the coracoid and scapula meet at an acute or, as in Didus and Ocydromus, at a slightly obtuse angle, while the vomer is comparatively narrow and allows the ptery- goids and palatals, to articulate directly with the basisphenoidal rostrum. The Carinatce are divided, according to the formation of the palate, into four groups or suborders and named (i) Drom(Bognath(2j (ii) Bcliizognathaty (iii) DesmognathcSy and (iv) JSgithognath(B. The BromceognathtR resemble the Ratitce in their palatal structure, and are composed of the family Tinamidcs. The Schizognaihis include a great many forms usually placed in Gallin(R, GrallcR, and Anseres. In this " suborder the vomer, however variable, always tapers to a point anteriorly, while behind it embraces the basisphenoidal rostrum between the palatals j but neither these nor the pterygoids are borne by its posterior divergent ends. The maxillo-palatals are usually elon- gated and lamellar, uniting with the palatals, and, bendilig back- ward along their inner edge, leave a fissure (whence the name of the suborder between the vomer and themselves. Six groups of SchizognathcB are distinguished with considerable mi- nuteness:— (1) Charadriomorpha, containing Charadriida, Oti- didcBj and Scolopacida ; (2) Geranomorpha, including Gruidm and llallid<2 *, between which Psophia and Rhinochetus are interme- diate ; (3) CecomorphcBj comprising Laridae^ Procellarndm, Co- lymbidfs, and Alcidce ; (4) SpheniscomorphcB, composed of Spheniscida (5) AlectoiromorphrBy being all the Gallince except TinamidcB ; and, finally, (6) Peristeromorph and Salvin> Osbert. Exotic Ornithology. Parts II.-IV. London : 1867. Imp. 4to, pp. 17-64, pis. ix.-xxxii, Three parts of this wbrk have appeared during the past yCar. The species figured are noticed under the families to which they belong. They are all from the New World; and a synopsis of the American species of the genera ThlogopsiSy Nyctibius, Ctjphorhinus , Myiadestes (now placed with the TurdidcB)^ Hy- lacteSy (Edicnemus, and Lanio is given. {Cf. Ibis, 1867, p. 372, 1868, p. 335.) [Wallace, A. 11.] Mimicry and other Protective Resem- blances among Animals. Westminster Review. July, 1867, pp. l-4'3. Most of the examples cited are entomological ; but a few are from birds, and the especially remarkable cases of the close superficial resemblance between Mimeta houruensis, M, forstem, M. virescens, and M. ph{jeochromus, and the species of Tropido- rhynchus {T, houruensis y T, subcornutuSy T. timorensiSy and fuscicapiltus) y respectively inhabiting the same islands of Bourn, Ceram, Timor, and Morty, are dwelt upon. The facts also of the females of Phalaropus fulicariusy Eudromias morinelluSy and of the genus Turnix being larger and more brightly coloured than the males are also quoted to prove the theory of Sexual Selection.^^ Wiese, — . Die Vogel als Verkiindiger des Wetters. Journ. fur Orn. 1867, pp. 145-149. This paper consists mostly of assertions, with some recorded facts, to show that birds can prognosticate changes of the weather. PALiBARCTIC REGION. Alleon, — . Note sur deux especes d^Oiseaux qufil convient • dfintroduire dans la faune europeenne. Rev. et Mag. de ' Zool. 1867, pp. 3-7. 52 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. See Falconidce ** and ColumbidceJ^ [Cf, Ibis, 1868, pp. 222, 223.] Baldamus, E. Brutvogel im Ober- und Unter-Engadin. Zeitschr. fur die gesammt. Naturwiss. Ivi. (1867) pp. 99, 100. Of about 80 species observed by the author, about 60 bred ; a few notes on the more interesting of these are added. Barboza DU Bocage, J. V. A ornithologia dos A90res. Jornal de Sciencias da Acad. Beal de Lisboa, 1866, pp. 89-92. A review of the works of M. Morelet (Notice sur Phist. nat. des A9ores : 1860) and Mr. F. D. C. Godman {cf. Zool. Bee. iii. p. 60), the latter of whom the author takes to task for giving the vernaeular names of the species incorrectly. He believes that Fringilla moreleti is identical with F. tintillon, and is in- clined to doubt the specific validity of Pyrrhula murina (cf, B. Z. 1867, p. 376 ; Ibis, 1868, pp. 344, 345). Bettoni, Eugenio. Storia Naturale degli Uccelli che nidificano in Lombardia ad illustrazione della raccolta ornitologica dei fratelli Ercole ed Ernesto Turati con tavole litografate e colorate prese dal vero da O. Dressler. Milano : 1866-67. Folio. Fascicoli iv.-xv. Since we last noticed this work (Zool. Bee. ii. p. 61) twelve more parts have appeared, of which the last five bear date 1867 ; and we find more in the letterpress than we at first supposed we sliould. There are some good remarks on the distribution of birds in Lombardy (pp. 14-16), and lists given of the charac- teristic species of the Alps, Mountains, and Plains of the province. Of about 270 species found in Lombardy, 174 are land-birds, 51 being residents, 67 summer visitants, 4 of double passage, 13 winter visitants, and 39 irregular, 96 are water-birds, 61 being resident or of double passage, and 35 irregular. The plates contain figures of a large number of eggs and young birds. (Cf J. f. O. 1866, pp. 43-46, 1867, pp. 278-281 j Ibis, 1868, p. 106.) Bruhin, Th. a. Zur Wirbelthierfauna Vorarlbergs. Zoolog. Garten, 1867, pp. 434-437. Gypaetus and Nucifraga caryocatactes are the most interesting of the species mentioned. Bullmore, W. K. Cornish Fauna, a short account of all the Animals found in the County, with descriptions and re- marks on the habits of many of the Barer Birds, Fishes, &c. procured during the last Six Years. Truro : 1867. 8vo, PP- 64. The ornithological portion is at pages 7-45. More than 280 AVES. 53 species are stated to have occurred in the county ; but the evidence as to some of them is not very satisfactory. Cara, Gaetano. Osservazioni al Catalogo degli Uccelli di Sar- degna pubblicato dal Dotf® Tommaso Salvadori. Cagliari : 1866. 8vo, pp. 152. The author seeks to refute the charges of inaceuracy brought against him by Dr. Salvadori (Zool. Rec. i. pp. 44, 45), and criticises, in some cases very severely, the work of that naturalist. {Cf, Ibis, 1868, pp. 106, 107.) Chauveau ( — ). Sur les principanx Oiseaux du Thibet. Bull. Soc. Imper. d^Acclimat. 1867, pp. 71^714. The species, with few exceptions, are only designated by their native names ; and the author, not being a professed naturalist, has failed to distinguish the characters of most of the others so as to make them recognizable. Degland, C. D., Gerbe, Z. Ornithologie europeenne on Cata- logue descriptif, analy tique et raisonne des Oiseaux observes en Europe. Deuxieme edition, entierement refondue. Paris : 1867. 8vo, 2 vols. pp. 610 and 637. The first edition of this work was published in 1849, and has long been known. The author. Dr. Degland, intended to bring out a supplement, in which he should refute the many charges brought against him by Bonaparte ; but dying before this labour was performed, his papers devolved upon M. Gerbe, who has preferred bringing out a new edition of the whole, entirely re- cast, so as, indeed, to become almost a new work. M. Gerbe has undoubtedly taken a great deal of trouble, and the new edition is thereby much more satisfactory than the old one ; but still so vast is the amount of literature relating to European ornithology that the present work is still very far from being up to the mark. Most foreign journals are ignored or quoted at second hand ; and even some important independent works are passed over; while some of the original statements of Degland have been left untouched, without reference to the time which has elapsed since they first appeared *. The number of Euro- pean species described is 531. It is much to be wished that a competent person would write a careful commentary upon this work. {Cf. Compt. Rend. Ixiv. p. 169 ; Ibis, 1867, pp. 240-242; A. von Homeyer, J. f. O. 1868, pp. 52-57.) Drake, C. F. Tyrwhitt. Notes on the Birds of Tangier and Eastern Morocco. Ibis, 1867, pp. 421-430. After briefly describing the locality, 142 birds are named, short notes being added. Otis arabs is the most interesting of them. * A remarkable instance of this is in vol. ii. p. 615, where an expression, ^^il y a line qiiinzaine d’ann^es,” which may or may not have been correct when Degland in 1849 published it (1st ed. li. p. 529), still remains. 54 ZOOLOGICAI^ LITERATURE. Fi^itsch, A, Naturgeschichteder Vogel Europa^Se Prag. Folio. This work has reached plate 43^ but we have not seen any letterpress published since we last noticed it (Zoob Eec. i. p. 42) . The figures of the birds represented are on so sm^ll a scale^ and nearly all of species often figured before, that we think it un- necessary to refer to them in more than a few cases, Fritsch, Karl. Kalender der Fauna von Oesterrcich, Sitzungsb. , K. Akad. Wissensch, Wien, Bd. Ivi. (1867) pp. 201-238. After furnishing a number of meteorological observations, the author gives (pp, 212-215) a list showing the average date of arrival in and departure from Austria of nearly 80 species of birds. (See above, p. 8.) Gerbe, Z. Ornithologie Europeenne. [See Degland, C. D., Gerbe, Z.]. Gould, John. The Birds of Great Britain. Parts xi. and xii. Two parts of this fine work have, as usual, appeared within the past year. (Cf. Ibis, 1868, p. 217.) Gray, Robert. Quadrupeds, Birds, and Fishes of Loch Lo- mond and its vicinity. An appendix, apparently, to Kiddie^s ^ Guide Book to the Trosachs, Loch Lomond, &c.^ (8vo, 1864). Only 111 species of birds included, and nothing that here requires further notice. {Cf, Ibis, 1867, p. 373.) Hintz I., W. Ornithologischer Jahresbericht u. s. w. in der Umgegend von Schlosskampen bei Coslin in Pommern. Journ. fur Orn. 1867, pp. 149- The author^s accustomed annual report. {Cf, Zool. Bee. i. p. 43, ii. p. 64, iii. p. 51). Holmgren, Aug. Emil. Handbok i Zoologi fur Landtbrukare, Skogshushallare, Fiskeriidare och Jagere. II. Delen. Skan- dinaviensFoglar. ForraHaftet. Stockholm: 1866. pp.434, figs. This is a work of educational character, and seems to be very conscientiously prepared. The introductory part contains a good outline of the general structure of birds, written in a po- l)ular manner. The classification is based on that of Prof. Sundevall, and the portion of the work published extends over Picarioe and Passeres. {Cf Ibis, 1868, p. 113.) Homeyer, Alexander von. Briefe vom Kriegsschauplatze 1866. Journ. fur Orn. 1867, pp. 46-55. A good many ornithological observations made chiefly in Bo- hemia during the campaign of 1866; but none requiring ex- tended notice. . Notizen zu Piissler^s Beobachtungen aus dem Jahre 1866, Tom, cit, pp. 108, 109. Of no very great importance. AVES. 55 Homeyer, Alexander von. Zur Wanclerung iiber das Riesen- gebirge. Tom. cit. pp. 420-422. Contains nothing that requires notice here. Lloyd, L. The Game Birds and Wild Fowl of Sweden and Norway. London : 1867. Royal 8vo, pp. 599, pis. 48. This work does not contain much original matter, but is chiefly compiled from Scandinavian authorities, and furnishes the English reader with a very fair idea of their opinions on the various subjects of which it treats. The coloured plates, many of which are copies of Korner's Illustrations to Nilsson^s ^Skan- dinaviska Foglar,^ give a good series of figures of birds, Tetraor nid(S especially. Loche, — . Exploration scientifique de PAlgerie pendant les amiees 1840, 1841, 1842 publiee par ordre du gouveme- ment et avec le concours d^une commission academique. Sciences physiques. Zoologie. Histoire naturelle des Oiscaux. Tome premier. Paris : 1867. Fol. pp. 309. Though bearing the date of last year on its titlcpage, it is impossible to regard this as a recent work. Its author died some six years ago, if not more ; and it appears not to have re- ceived any fitting supervision since then. The volume includes notices of 166 species, one of which (belonging to Sylviidfe) appears to be described as new. Malmgren, a. J. Bihang till bcrattelsen om deu Svenska ex- peditionen till Spetsbergen, 1864. An Appendix to ^ Svenska Expeditioner till Spetsbergen och Jan May en^ (Stockholm: 1867. 8vo, pp. 266), containing an abstract of the author^s former papers on the Zoology of Spits- bergen (Zool. Rec. ii. p. 65 ; iii. p. 51), written apparently before the publication of the paper in the ^ Journal fiir Ornithologie’ for 1867 (pp. 207-211). The ornithological portion is at pp. 247-249. Marchand, Armand. Catalogue des Oiseaux observes dans le departement de FEure-et-Loir. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1867, pp. 33-37, 138, 139, 322-324. In continuation of the series of papers noticed before (Zool. Rec. i. p. 43, ii. p. 65). Newton, Alfred. Zur Vogel- Fauna Spitzbergens. Journ. fur Orn. 1867, pp. 207-211. A reply to the criticism of Dr. Malmgren (Zool. Rec. iii. p. Bl). Passler, W. Einige Beobachtungen aus dem Jahre 1866. Journ. fiir Orn. 1867, pp. 56-64. Remarks of no very general interest. {Cf. Homeyer, A. von.) Riva, Antoni, p. L^Ornitologo Ticinese pssia Manuale descritr 66 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. tivo gli Uccelli di stazione e di passaggio nel Cantone Ticino colP elenco nominativo e sistematico di quelli d^ Europa e . della loro ordinaria dimora. Lugano; 1865. 8vO; pp. 696. A compilation, chiefly adapted, as it seems, as an educational manual. The species included by the author are 539 in num- ber, those occurring in the district to which ,the work has par- ticular reference being described at some length. Many of the errors of Temminck and other older authors are perpetuated. ((^. Ibis, 1868, pp. 105, 106.) Rodd, Edward Hearle. A List of British Birds, as a Guide to the Ornithology of Cornwall, especially in the Land^s-end District; with remarks on the capture, habits, &c. of some of the rarer species. London and Penzance: 1864. 8vo, pp. 42. About 270 species have occurred in Cornwall ; and specimens of the greater number are in the author^s collection. Saxby, H. L. Ornithological Notes from Shetland. Zoologist, S. S. pp. 537-539, 688-690. Nothing of importance (except the occurrence for the first time in the islands of Machetes puynax) is recorded in these papers, which are a continuation of the series before noticed (Zool. Rec. hi. p. 52). ScHACHT, H. Die Sanger des Teutoburger Waldes. Zoolog. Garten, 1867, pp. 299-306. Only common species mentioned, and some of these by names apparently of the author's invention. SoMMERFELT, Ch. List of Birds noticed in East Finmark, with a few short Remarks respecting some of them. Zoologist, Second Series, pp. 692-700, 761-778. A translation, by Mr. II. E. Dresser, of a very interesting paper, published at Stockholm some years ago (Q^fvers. K. Vet.- Ak. Forh. 1861, pp. 67-90) by the author, who resided for many years on the Varanger Fjord in north-eastern Norway. It is the best account of the ornithology of the district, which is in some respects very peculiar, as the observations extend over a far longer time than those of HH. Malm (Krdyer’s Nat. Tidsskr. 2nd ser. i. pp. 180-212) and Schrader (Journ. fiir Orn. 1853, pp. 240-260, 305-326), and are free from some errors whereby these last were disfigured. The number of species enumerated is 140 (to most of which their Lapp names are ap- pended), and Prof. Sundevall adds two more species in a sup- plementary note. Sundevall, C. J. Svenska Foglarna. Part xix. Stockholm : 1867. Oblong 4to. Only this one part has made its appearance. It contains half- sheets 67-60, and plates Ixxii., Ixxiii., Ixxvii., and Ixxviii. AVES. . 67 Tristram, H. B. On tlie Ornitliology of Palestine, Part V., Ibis, 1867, pp. 73-97, pi. i. ; Part VI., tom. cit. pp. 363-371, pL vii. A continuation of the articles noticed previously (Zool. Bee. ii. pp. 67, 68, iii.p. 53). PartV. contains an excellent account of the Sylviidai (of which three new species are described) and especially of the genera Saxicola and Ruticilla, while Part VI. treats of the MuscicapidcBt Hirundinid(Sy Laniidmi Sturnidee, Em- berizidcB and some of the Frmgillidm. The value of oological characters in determining the diflPerent groups of Sylviidai are particularly dwelt upon. The plates represent Bessornis alHgu- laris and Passer moahiticus. — — . The Natural History of the Bible : being a Beview of the Physical Geography, Geology, and Meteorology of the Holy Land ; with a description of every Animal and Plant mentioned in Holy Scripture. Londoii : 1867. 12mo* pp. 516. A popularly written but extremely well-executed and succinct account of the subject, the ornithological portion of which ' occupies a large space (pp. 156-253) and is illustrated by a good many woodcuts, some of them representing species not often figured before, as Ammoperdix heyi (p. 227) and P ter odes senegalensis (p. 229). (Cf. Ibis, 1868, p. 219.) [See under Mam MALI A,^^ p. 3.] Turnbull, W illiam P. The Birds of East Lothian and a por- tion of the adjoining counties. Glasgow : 1867. Boy. 8vo, pp. 48, figs. None of the 235 species included seem to require any further notice here. {Cf. Ibis, 1868, pp. 373, 374.) Whitely Junior, Henry. Notes on Birds collected near Ha- kodadi in Northern Japan. Ibis, 1867, pp. 193-211, pi. iii. The locality having been previously described by Capt. Blakis- ton (Ibis, 1862, pp. 312-314), the author says little of it, but enumerates 98 species, of which he collected specimens. A few corrections of synonymy are made. The plate represents Gar- rulus hrandtij Hartl. (B. Z. 1845, p. 52) . Wien, — . Ornithologische Miscellen. Journ. fiir Orn. 1867, pp. 82-85. Observations chiefly of loeal interest. ETHIOPIAN BEGION. Antinori Orazio. Beschreibung und Verzeichniss, u. s. w. Journ. fiir Orn. 1867, pp. 94-106. A continuation of Dr. Hartmann’s translation before men- tioned by us (Zool. Bee. ii. p. 69, and iii. p. 53). It is still far ZOOLOGICAL LITEllATUllE. 68 . from being concluded. The translators^ notes chiefly contain brief observations of Dr. von Hcuglip.Ss. Barbqza DU BocagEj J, V. Aves das possessoes portuguezas da Africa occidental que existem no Museu de Lisboa. Jornal de Sciencias da Acad. Beal de Lisboa^ 1867, no. ii. pp. 129- 153; Segunda Lista, No. iv. pp. 324-329, est. vi. The first of these papers contains a list of 183 species from the Portuguese possessions in West Africa, of which speci- mens exist in the Museum at Lisbon, with the localities whence they were obtained. Eight species, belonging to the families CaprimulgidcBy HirundinidcBy LaniidcB, Bylviidce (2), PloceidcB, and Columbidce (2), are described as new, but several have no names assigned to them. In the second paper, three species, belonging to Picida^y Sturnida, and Tetraonidcey are described as new, and some of those regarded in that light in the former paper are referred to previously known species. These two papers con- tain much that is valuable. {Cf. Bev. Zool. 1867, pp. 376, 377 ; Ibis, 1868, p. 345.) Cii AMBERS, W. T. H, A Month in Tripoli. Ibis, 1867, pp. 97-104, It is with some doubt that we here class this paper ; but as all the species observed are Ethiopian, while one of them [Cratero- pus acacicB) seems not to be found in Algeria, we imagine that the limits of the Palaearctic Begion may not include Tripoli. The author^s untimely , deatji has frustrated his design of tho- roughly investigating the little-known ornithology of this inte- resting district. / Einsch, Otto. Ueber eiii Vogelsammlung aus Natal. Journ. fiir Orn. 1867, pp. 237-249. An enumeration of 20 species collected near D^Urban, all of which, with one exception, have been before recorded from Na- tal ; but some very valuable notes on their synonymy, especially on the African species of the genus MeropSy are added by the author. Grandidier, Alfred. Mammifrres et Oiseaux nouveaux de- couverts k Madagascar et deerits. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1867, pp. 84-88. ^ Fourteen species of birds are described as new, belonging to FalconidcBy StrigidcBy MuscicapidcSy Bylviidce (2), Cuculidce (6), and Anatidce (3) ; but in a subsequent note {tom. cit. pp. 25^ 256) the author states that eight of them have been known be- fore ; but he then adds another new bird, belonging also to ByU viidce. Notes sur les mammiferes et les oiseaux observes h Madagascar, de 1865 k 1867. Bev. et Mag. de ^ool. 1867, pp. 313-321, 353-360, 385-392,417-420. AVES. 69 This series of papers contains short notes on 115 species; but it is certain that all of them have not been observed by the author. Of such as he has seen he mentions the colours of the irides and soft parts, but in few cases are any precise localities given. The series is concluded in the same journal for the pre- sent year. (Cf. Ibis, 1868, p. 223.) Hartlaub, G. Report on a Collection of Birds found in the Island of Zanzibar by Dr. John Kirk. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 823-828. Forty-two species are enumerated, of which two (belonging to TurdidcB and Tetraonidat) are new. There are only three exclu- sively eastern, six are essentially South-African, two of which extend up the western coast to Angola, Most of the remainder have a wider distribution, Heuglin, M. Th. von. Berichtungen und Noten zu AntinorPs Katalog der nordost-afrikaiiischen Vogel. Journ. fiir Orn. 1867, pp. 198-207. A good many corrections and notes on the Marquess O. An- tinorPs list (Zool. Rec. i. p. 48), the most important of which are noticed under the names of the species to which they refer. The number obtained by the Marquess is reduced, according to the author, from 254 to 251. . Die Brutcolonien des Archipels von Dahlak. Joum. fiir Orn. 1867, pp. 281-287. An extract from the author’s * Reise nach Abessinien ’ — a Work published in 1868. The Dhalak Islands are in the Red Sea, off Ansley Bay. The species observed breeding were Dromas ardeola, Platalea leucorodia, Ardea schistacea, A. brevipes, Larus hemprichi, Sterna alhigena, Phaeton cethereus, and a few others. . Ueber die ornithologischen Arbeiten des Herzogs Paul Wilhelm von Wiirtemberg, wahrend seiner Reise in die oberen Nil-Lander. Journ. fiir Orn. 1867, pp. 289-304. Very useful remarks on the birds figm'ed in the Duke Paul of Wiirtemberg’s unpublished ^ leones,’ of which a list appeared some years ago in the ^ Naumannia’ (1857, pp. 432-434). De- scriptions of most of the good species are now for the first time published, and some of the other specimens in the Duke’s col- lection at Mergentheim are identified. . Synopsis der Vogel Nord-Ost-Afrikas, des Nilquellen- gebietes und der Kiistenlander des rothen Meeres. Journ. fur Orn. 1867, pp. 361-398. This is the beginning of a series of papers (continued in the same journal for the present year) which are to embody the or- nithological results of the author’s protracted Wanderings in North-eastern Africa ; and if the design be fully carried out, it will be of very great service ; for his writings are so nume- 60 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. rous^ and have so often been penned without his having the opportunity of consulting museums or books that a thorough revision of them is required. It follows of course that a very large number of species described by the author are now, and will be, identified with those described by other ornithologists. The present paper contains part of the Fringillid(B and PloceidcB. Layard, Edgar Leopold. The Birds of South Africa. A de- scriptive Catalogue of all the known Species occurring South of the 28th Parallel of South Latitude. Cape Town and London : 1867. 8vo, pp. 382. The first work published professing to give a complete account of the ornithology of South Africa must needs be an important one. On the other hand, so scattered are the materials from which alone it is possible to compile such a work that it must needs have many defects. Some of these defects in the work before us are patent on the most cursory inspection of it, and they may not unnaturally lower its value in the eyes of experts. But the naturalist who can appreciate at their proper rate even somewhat serious errors of typography and a general amount of irregularity in the arrangement of details, will find much instruc- tion in Mr. Layard^s work, and feel thankful to its author. The design of the book is excellent ; and if its execution somewhat fails, a practical naturalist will be disposed to make every allow- ance for the difficulties thereto belonging. Theoretically each species of the 702 hitherto recorded as having been found within the limits laid down by the author is diagnostically described, after a short and, we must add, often an imperfeet, list of synonyms. Then follows a succinct account of its habits, generally from the observation of the author or one of his numerous friends, or, where such information was not available, from already published sources. Where the former obtains, the result is most satisfac- tory. The arrangement, and in great measure the nomenclature, of Mr. G. R. Gray^s ^ Genera of Birds^ is followed ; and the volume is supplied with a sufficiently good index. The chief faults of the work, in our opinion, are the number of species included in it for the occurrence of which in the colony there is little if any good show of reason. Next to this is a scantiness of reference to original authorities, and (as confessed by the author in his preface) an unconneetedness, or, we would say, a want of unifor- mity, in the treatment of the different species. But with all these drawbacks, the work is one of great utility, and evinces a great amount of labour bestowed on its production. In future every student of South- African ornithology will have to refer to it j and its effects on the pursuit of the science at the Cape will doubtless be as important as those produced in their respective spheres by Dr. Jerdon^s ^ Birds of India ^ and Mr. Gould^s ^Handbook to the Birds of Australia.^ One species, belonging to Motacih AVES. 61 tides, is described as new. {Cf. [Ibis, 1808, pp. 101, 102, 135-164^ 242-248, 253-271 ; Ann. & Mag. N. H.'4th ser. i. pp. 383-385.) Layard, Edgar Leopold. Letter on the ornithology of St. Helena. Ibis, 1867, pp. 248-252. The Wire-bird is ^gialites pecum'ius (Temm.). . Letter on the ornithology of the Crozette Islands. Ibis, 1867, pp. 457-460. Newton, Edward. Descriptions of some New Birds from the Seychelles Islands. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 344-347, pi. xxii. Erratum, tom. cit» p. 821. Prior to the author^s visit to these islands only five species of land-birds were known to occur there. These were all peculiar to the group. He now describes seven new species, belonging to Psittacidee (2), Meliphagidce (2), Muscicapidee, Thirdidce, and Ploceidce. . On the Land-Birds of the Seychelles Archipelago. Ibis, 1867, pp. 335-360, pi. iv. After a short description of the different islands of the group, where the author stayed a month, the different species previously known to live there are recited, and then follows an account of his proceedings there, the characters of the new birds being added from the paper just mentioned. All the 14 indigenous land-hirds, except two (which have not been positively identified) , are pecu- liar. A list of the birds observed in the archipelago, and a table of the distribution of the peculiar species in the several islands, with some remarks showing the Malagash tendency of the Sey- chelles ornis, conclude this interesting paper. ScHLEGEL, IL, et Pollen, F. P. L. llecherches sur la Faune de Madagascar et de ses Dependances, d^apres les decouvertes de MM. F. P. L. Pollen et D. C. van Dam. Mammiferes et Oiseaux. Livraisons i., ii. Leyde : 1867. Boy. 8vo, pis. This very beautiful work loses scarcely any interest by the fact that the most important discoveries of the travellers above named have already been made public (Zool. Bee. ii. pp. 71, 72, iii. p. 54) . Some previous determinations of species are now retracted ; but further improvements in this respect seem desirable. There is also some inconvenience caused by the authors each recounting his observations in the first person, leaving it to be gathered from the context which of them is actually giving his opinion. (C/. Ibis, 1868, pp. 224-226.) Taylor, E. Cavendish. Egypt Bevisited. Ibis, 1867, pp. 48-73. The results of the author^s former visit (in 1853) were pub- lished in the first volume of the same journal (Ibis, 1859, pp. 41-55) . The present is a list of the birds obtained or fully iden- tified by him during both visits ; but the remarks, unless the 62 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. contrary is stated, refer only to tlie latter, when he went up the Nile in the winter of 1863-64 as far as the First Cataract, and observed 168 species, a few of some rarity. The notes on the species of Saxicola are especially worthy of attention. Tristram, H. B. On new Species of Birds from South Africa. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 886-888. (Cypselidoi and Byl- vildci) . INDIAN REGION. Adams, A. L. Wanderings of a Naturalist in India, the Western Himalayas, and Cashmere. Edinburgh ; 1867. ' 8vo, pp. 333. This work contains very numerous notes on the birds of the countries named, is agreeably written, and has a good index. Most of the scientific observations, however, have been pre- viously placed on record by the author (P. Z. S. 1858, pp. 466- 512). Sir W. Jardine has corrected the nomenclature. {Cf, Ibis, 1868, pp. 219, 220.) Beavan, R. C. The Avifauna of the Andaman Islands. Ibis, 1867, pp. 814-334. The exertions of Col. Tytler have added much to the know- ledge of the birds of this group; and many of his notes are given in this paper, which includes 94 species, of which 14 (be- longing to StrigidcBi Psittacidae, Cuculidcey Cypselidcey Hirundi- nidcBf Oriolid(2y EdoliidcBy DicruridcBy Mmcicapidcey T'ur.didtB, Bturnid(By ArdeidcBy and Anatidci) are described as new ; 22 are peculiar to the islands, so far as known; 6 are of uncertain determination ; and 5 have been introduced. [Cj\ Ibis, 1867, p. 466 ; and 1868, pp. 131, 132.) . Notes on various Indian Birds. Ibis, 1867, pp. 430-455, pi. X. In continuation of the paper in the same journal for 1865 (Zool. Rec. ii. p. 72). No new species are described, but many valuable details are given respecting some 80 species, particu- larly intended to supply information not furnished in Dr. Jer- don^s work. Piprisoma agikj with its young, nest, and egg, forms the subject of the plate. Blanford, W. T. Letter on the Ornithology of Nagpoor, Chanda, and Siroucha. Ibis, 1867, pp. 461-464. Several species of great rarity met with, among them BaU pornis spilonota (Frankl.). . On a new species of Callene from the Pulney Hills, in Southern India. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 832-834, pi. xxxix. (See Bylviidce.) AVBS. 63 Blyth^ EdwaJii). The Ornithology of India. — A Commentary on Dr. Jerdon’s ^ Birds of India.^ Ibis, 1867, pp. 1-48, 147-185. These two papers, in continuation of the series noticed last year (Zool. Rec. iii. pp. 55, 56), treat respectively of the species contained in the two parts of Dr. J erdon^s second volume (or in the second and third volumes of his wDrk if that computation be adopted). They are exactly of the same character as their predecessors; and students of Indian ornithology must make themselves acquainted with their contents if they wish to advance in the knowledge of their subject. In our ^ Record^ last year we erroneously stated that no species appeared to be described as absolutely Overlookitlg three (belotiging to Etrigidc^j CuculidcBj and Campephagidae) which were so. ThesO are in- cluded itl our present ^Record/ as well aS notices 6f eleVOn Others (belonging to Cyp^elidoB, T'imdliidcB, DicIrUridcey MmcicdpidvR, TurdidcHy Frindillidd, ahd Corvec?y and Corvidae). In the secorid, t^O new species Only seem to be described; these belong to Aldudidce. It would be a hopeless attempt to give an idea of the nlany corrections of synonymy, and other valuable information, contained in this series of papers. In a further list of “ Addenda (pp. 312-314) another new species {Strigidae) is described^ and a new genus {Tetraonidce) naiiiedi — —. The OrnitllOlbgy 6f Ceyloh.—A Silpplement to Dr. Jerdords ^ Birds of India.^ Ibis, 1867, pp. 294r-314. This paper contains an enumetatioh of the Cinghalese species which are not admitted to Dr. Jerdon^s work, and thereby sup- plies a want nillch felt. ThCy are 41 in number, of which 37 have not been observed out of the island ; but 10 of them are espe- cially akin to as many Indih,n forms, and may be regarded as local specializatidtlS. The only peculiar generic form is Phoeni- cophaeuSy as distinguished from XanclostomUs. One or two casCS of abnormal distribution are noticed ; but it is possible that these may become less extraordinary wlien more is known of the ornis of Ceylon and of Southern India respectively. This paper is exactly in the same style as those oii the ornithology of India ; and to make a proper abstract of it is out of the question. Two species (belonging to Psittacidce and Ploceidm) receive new names. Some further ^^Addenda^^ to the ^ Ornithology of India^ are appended to this paper. {Cf. Ibis^ 1867, pp. 467, 468i) FrAuenfeld^ Georg von. Beitrage zur Fauna der Nikobaren. Verhandl. k. k. zoolog. -botan. Gesellsch. Wiem 1867> pp. 591-598. After briefly noticing the works of other writers on this group 64 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. of islands, where the author, in 1858, stayed some ten days, he gives a list of 34 species found hy him in the most southern part of Kamorta, adding a few notes on some of them. Gould, John. The Birds of Asia. Part xixi London : 1867. Imp. folio. The customary annual part duly made its appearance. Little more than half the species included are really Indian.^^ The plates show an increased amount of care. (Cf. Ibis, 1868, p.217.) Hume, Allan. Extract from a Letter on Indian Ornithology. Ibis, 1867, pp. 471, 472. SwiNHOE, R. Jottings on Birds from my Amoy Journal. Ibis, 1867, pp. 226-237, 385-443. These continue the valuable observations of the preeminently Chinese ornithologist, and contain a vast number of notes on various species. In the first paper, one species only [Tantalidoi) is described as new, but in the second no less than seven {Timaliid(By Laniidce, EmberizidcBj ScolopacidcBy Charadriidce, Procellariid(Bj and Pelecanida) , Exception to some of these, however, has since been taken. Verreaux, Jules. Catalogue d^Oiseaux recoltes par Mgr.Perny, eveque du Su-tchuen, dans le nord de la Chine, et descrip- tions de deux especes nouvelles. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1867, pp. 169-174, pis. XV., xvi. Eifty-two species are enumerated, some of which are of con- siderable rarity; the new ones belong to NectariniidcB and Picid(B ; but the latter is described subsequently (pp. 271, 272). AUSTRALIAN REGION. Buller, Walter. Versuch fiber die Ornithologie Neu-See- lands. Journ. ffir Orn. 1867, pp. 305-347. A translation, by Herr O. Finsch, of the essay noticed last year (Zool. Rec. iii. p. 57), with some valuable notes by the translator {vide infra) . Diggles, Sylvester. The Ornithology of Australia. Queens- land. Imp. 4to. Parts XI.-XV., pis. Five more parts of this work {cf. Zool. Rec. iii. pp. 57, 58) have reached England. The most important species noticed and figured is the Casuarius of Australia. Finsch, Otto. Walter Buller's Wersuch fiber die Ornitho- logie Neu-Seelands,^ fibersetzt und mit kritischen Anmer- kungen versehen. Journ. ffir Orn. 1867, pp. 305-347. Mr. Buller^s treatise was noticed by us last year (Zool. Rec. iii. p. 57). The translator's introduction and notes are very valuable. Mimus carunculatus, Bull.^^ (Zool. Rec. iii. p. 95) AVES. 66 is referred to the genus Anthocho^ra, and called A. bulleri. The number of New-Zealand birds is raised to 144, including two of the three described recently by Herr von Pelzeln {vide infra) . Finsch, Otto, und Hartlaub, G. Beitrag zur Fauna Central- polynesiens. Ornithologie der Viti-, Samoa- und Tonga- Inseln. Halle : 1867. Roy. 8vo, pp. 290, pis. 14. This is one of the most interesting and valuable works of the past year, and, besides being an important contribution to the knowledge of geographical ornithology, it adds largely to our acquaintance with the fauna of Polynesia. The materials for it are chiefly furnished by the collections of Dr. E. Graffe in the Feejee and Navigator’s Islands, including in the second the distant outlier of Uea or Wallis’s Island. But the birds of the Friendly Islands are also included, though they are but little known since the days of Cook. The introduction contains a careful historical notice of the various authorities on the subject, ’ and is concluded by an excellent table showing the geogra- phical extension of the 172 species of Polynesia, of which it would appear that about 100 are found within the author’s limits, 59 being met with in the Feejees, 48 in the Navigator’s, and 31 in the Friendly group, while 18 seem to be peculiar to the first, 14 to the second, and 4 to the third. Species to the number, of 37 are common to Australia, among which occur many well-marked Australian forms ; while, on the other hand, many of those that are absolutely wanting in Australia are also wanting here. Each species is very carefully described in the body of the work, with an elaborate list of authorities for its occurrence either within the limits mentioned or without them ; and much useful information is also added, especially with regard to recti- fication of nomenclature. Seven new species appear to be de- scribed, belonging to the families AlcedinidcB (2), Meliphagida, Fringillidce, SturnidcEj Rallidce, and ProcellariidiB ; a good many, or their eggs, are also figured. [See Oology.”] {Cf. Ibis, 1867, pp. 245, 246; 1868, pp. 107-109.) Frauenfeld, Georg von. Zur Flora und Fauna von Neu- caledonien. Verhandl. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. 1867, pp. 464-493. This paper contains (pp. 59-61) a nominal list of the birds of New Caledonia, 81 in number ; but no notes on them are added, except the suggestion that several of them are easily domesti- cated, among them llhinochetus jubatus. Gould, John. The Birds of Australia. Supplement— Part iv. London ; 1867. Imp. folio. The preceding part of this ' Supplement ’ was published in 1859. Seventeen species are now %ured in the author’s usual 1867. [voL. IV.] F 66 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. admirable style. Of these^ one (belonging to ColumUdcs) is de- scribed also as being new. {Cf. Ibis^ 1868^ pp. 217, 218.) Gould, John. Description of a New Australian Bird pertaining to the genus Malurus, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 302, 303. . On two new Birds from Eastern Australia. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 3rd. ser. xx. pp. 269, 270. (See Owcw- lidce and Mdiphagidce.) Haast, Julius. Report on the Headwaters of the River Rakaia. Christchurch [New Zealand] ; 1866. Sm. fol. pp. 73. , Contains some interesting notes on the ornithology of the Alpine Regions of New Zealand, about whieh there is probably pauch more to be learned, Hartlaub, G. On a Collection of Birds from some less-known Localities in the Western Pacific. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 828-832. The collection was made at the Pelew, Matelotas, and Mac- kenzie Islands, with the Bougainville group near New Guinea. It contains 23 species, 4 of which (belonging to Muscicapidcs and 2 to Megapodiidce) are probably new. . (See PiNscH, O.) Kaup, J. J. On the Nisi and Astures of the Indian Archipelago and of New Holland. (See Accipitres.) Krefft, Gerard. Notes on the Mammals and Birds of Cape York, &c. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 316-319. The only ornithological facts relate to species of Pitta. M^Coy, Frederick. On two new Species of Birds found in Victoria. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 3rd ser. xix. pp. 184, 185. (See Ampelidce and Maluridce.) , On the Recent Zoology and Palaeontology of Victoria. Op. cit. XX. pp. 175-202. This is a notice drawn up for the Intercolonial Exhibition at Melbourne. The ornithological part is limited to pages 177-181, and consists of a nominal list of the species (over 300 in number) occurring in Victoria, to which are prefixed a few words on five of the rarest. . On a new species of Victorian Honey-eater. Tom. cit. p. 442. (See Meliphagidae.) Pelzeln, August von. Ueber eine von Herrn Julius Haast erhaltene Sendung von Vogelbalgen aus Neu-Seeland. Verhandl. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, 1867, pp. 315- * 318. The collection contained 20 species, of which two (belonging to Meliphagida and Certhiidoi) are new; but no precise localities are given for any of the specimens. The author takes the op- AVES. ;67 porhmity of describing a third new species from New Zealand , (Corvida) . {Cf. Ibis, 1868, p. 227.) Rosenberg, H. von. Een woord over den Grooten Paradijs- vogel {Paradisea apoda), gevolgd door eene korte beschrij- ving van eenige nieuwe, gedurende mijnen reistogt naar de Aroe- en Kei-Eilanden, ontdekteVogelsoorten. Natuurk. Tijdschr. voor Nederl. Indie, xxix. (1866) pp. 136-145. The supposed new species are seven in iltimber, but all have been shown by Prof. Schlegel to have been already described. (Zbol. Rec. iii. pp. 103-109.) NEARCTIC REGION. Baird, S. F. The Distribution and Migrations of North Ame- rican Birds. Ibis, 1867, pp. 257-293. A reprint in full of the able article we noticed last year. (Zool. Rec. iii. pp. 59, 60.) Brewer, T. M. Some Errors regarding the Habits of our Birds. American Naturalist, 1867, pp. 113-123. The erroneous statements corrected chiefly have to do with nidification or oology, and are from the works of Wilson, Audu- bon, Nutt all, and the author himself. Elliot, D. G. The Birds of North America. Parts III.-VIII. New York : 1867. Imp. fol. Six parts^ each containing five plates^ of this great work made their appearance in the course of the year. The species figured will be found named under the notice of the families to which they belong. {Cf. Ibis, 1867, p. 376, and 1868, p. 345.) Lawrence^ George N. Descriptions of New Species of Ame- rican Birds. Ann. Lyc. N. H. New York, 1867, pp. 466- 482. [See ^^Neotropical Region.^^] MTlwraith, T. List of Birds observed near Hamilton, Canada West. Proc. Essex Inst. vol. v. pp. 79-96. The author^s observations extend over a period of ten years ; 241 species are included by him as having been found in the locality. Samuels, Edward A. Ornithology and Odlogy of New Eng- land, &c. ■ Boston ; 1867. 8vo, pp. 583, pis. A popular work, of which the scientific portion is chiefly taken from Prof. Baird^s well-known ^ Birds of North America,’ and the accounts of the habits and so forth of the species compiled mainly from Wilson, Audubon, Nuttall, and other writers; but some original and hitherto unpublished notes on the birds of Lower Canada, by Mr. William Couper, are also inserted. The illustrations are extremely moderate, and, none of them being either novel or sufficiently characteristic to be of much use to ‘ r 2 68 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. the inquirer, we do not think it necessary to give a list of the species figured. [See Oology.^^] [Cf. American Naturalist, 1867, pp. 318-320.] NEOTROPICAL REGION. Bryant, Henry. Additions to a List of Birds seen at the Bahamas. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. xi. (1866) pp. 63- 70. The author visited the islands in 1859, and soon after pub- lished a list of the birds he saw there (Proc. Boston Soc. N. H. vii. p. 102) . Wishing to know more about them he returned thither in 1865-66; and this paper contains his observations on the 31 species he there met with, which either he did not see during his first visit or else present some new feature wortliy of notice. Only one (belonging to Mniotiltidai) is described as new, but of two others {Tyrannidce and Turdidoi) varieties are noticed. [Cf. Ibis, 1868, pp. 229, 230.) — — . A List of the Birds of St. Domingo, with Descriptions of some New Species or Varieties. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. xi. (1866) pp. 89-98. This list is founded on three collections — that of M. Salle (P. Z. S. 1857, p. 230), made in the eastern or Dominican end of the island, and two others from the western or Hay tian, which have not before been catalogued. In all, 79 species are included, of which one is new {Fringillida:) , and varieties of others (Hirun- dinidcBf Tyrannid(B, and Turdidd) to the number of four are described. Euler, Carl, Beitriige zur Naturgeschichte der Vogel Bra- siliens. Journ. fiir Orn. 1867, pp. 177-198, 217-233, 399-420. A very valuable and interesting series of papers. After de- scribing at some length the physical features of the district of Cantagallo, situated between the northern slopes of the Serra de Nova Friburgo and the river Parahyba, in which his observa- tions were made, the author proceeds to give an account of the times and habits of breeding of the birds inhabiting it, to the number of about 400 species, of which he has obtained about 250 at Cantagallo. The nomenclature employed is that of the late Prince Maximilian of Wied. To the first article three tables are appended, adding much to the facility of reference. These show (1) the times at which the different species lay their eggs, in chronological order, (2) the same arranged according to the species, and (3) the maximum number of eggs of each. The two remaining papers contain various careful observations on the nests and eggs of the birds noticed. Landbeck, L. Contribuciones a la Ornitolojia de Chile. Anales AVES. 69 de la Universidad de Chile, tom. xxiv. no. 4, (April 1864), pp. 336—348. A Spanish version of the first paper by the author and Dr. Philippi in the ^Archiv fur Naturgeschichte^ (Zool. Rec. ii. p. 81), and of the paper in the same periodical by the author alone (Zool. Rec. ii. p. 80). Lawrence, George N. Descriptions of New Species of Ame- rican Birds. Ann. Lyc. N. H. New York, 1867, pp. 466- 482, We place our remarks on this paper here, because a bare ma- jority of the nineteen species described belong to the Neotro- pical Region (see Trochilid^ej Formicariid(By Dendrocolaptidee, CotingiddB, TyrannideSj Tanagridce, Fringillidce, Tetraonida) ; but the rest would appear to come into the Nearctic avifauna. Some of the species are asserted to be not new (Ibis, 1868, pp. 114, 115). . Notes on certain Birds from New Granada, with de- scriptions of New Species. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1867, pp. 94, 95. These refer to three species only, two of Tanagridm and one of Columbidee. {Cf. Ibis, 1868, p. 230.) -. Descriptions of Five New Species of Central American Birds. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia, 1867, pp. 232- 234. They belong to Trochilidce (3) , Cuculidce, and Rallidce, Salvin, Osbert. On some Collections of Birds from Veragua, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 129-161, pi. xiv. After giving a very complete summary of what had been pre- viously known of the ornithology of the district (which is com- pounded of that of the neighbouring districts of Panama and Costa Rica, with the addition of some few peculiar forms), the author proceeds to enumerate 220 species sent thence by one of his collectors [cf. Zool. Rec. iii. p. 64) . Of these, 23 had not pre- viously been noticed as belonging to Central America ; and some valuable observations on the physical geography of the district are added. Two new species are described, belonging to Cracidae and Tetraonidce, and Buarremon crassirostris is figured. Sclater, P. L. Notes on the Birds of Chili. Tom. cit, pp. 319-340. After a summary of the literature of the subject subsequent to Dr. HartlauVs paper (Naumannia, 1853, pp. 207-222), the author treats very concisely the different families of birds known to occur in Chili, with especial reference to the species recently described by Messrs. Philippi and Laudbeck (Zool. Rec. ii. pp. 80, 81, iii. p. 64), with types of which they have supplied him. Mr. Sclater is therefore able to speak with authority re- 70 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. specting them. He concludes with a nominal list of Chilian birdsj 209 in number. ScLATER, P. L. On the Birds of the vicinity of Lima^ Peru. With Notes on their Habits, by Professor W. Nation. Part II. Tom, cit. pp. 340-344, pis. xx. xxi, A continuation of the paper noticed last year (Zool. Bee. iii. p. 64) . Twelve species are mentioned, of which two (belonging to Fringillid(B and Rallidce) are named as new. . Bemarks on Hr. Leotaud*s * Birds of Trinidad.^ Ibis, 1867, pp. 104-108. Leotaud^s book (Zool. Bee. iii. pp. 63, 64) contains very few serious faults j but he is wrong in supposing that Trinidad has anything in common with the other West-India Islands ; and the species which are common to the first and to North America probably . And their way thither by Venezuela. Notes on some dozen sp§cms follow; but by these we benefited in our^Becord^ last year,^ and the substance of them will be found incorporated with ourrjcxtracts from Leotaud^s work. ScLATER, |P, "L., and Salvin, Osbert. List of Birds collected on the 'Blewfields Biver, Mosquito Coast, by Mr. Henry Wickham. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 278-280. No collections from this district had hitherto been examined by the authors. The nearest point of the ornithology of which any account: has been published is Greytown {cf. Zool. Bee. ii. p. 81). Mr.’Wickham^s collection contains 39 species, of which none are but the district being one of interest (for it is somewhere }mre that the fauna of Guatemala passes into that of Costa Bica) a complete list of it is given. Some seven species in it have not before been recorded from a locality so far north. , . List of Birds collected by Mr. Wallace on the Lower Amazons and Bio Negro. Tom. cit. pp. 566-596, pis. xxix., XXX. This very praiseworthy paper is a successful attempt to set forth the ornis of the districts to which it refers, and is as com- plete as it could possibly be made, considering that the bulk of Mr. Wallace's collections perished by fire on their way home, while some other portions have been dispersed without being catalogued. After naming the chief localities at which the spe- cimens were obtained, the authors give a careful list of the 282 species (3 of which, belonging to Vireonidee (2) and Cotingid(B, are new) to which they are referred; and then follow some highly in- teresting generalizations on the avifauna of the country, the re- sults of which fully agree with the conclusions drawn by Mr. Bates from a consideration of the Diurnal Lepidoptera of the Amazon- valley (Trans. Entom. .Soc. n. s. xv. pp. 223-335), and may be AVES* 71 briefly stated thus : — (1) The Para district belongs to the same zoological province as the Guianas^ and has received its birds mainly thence. (2) In certain cases (17 per cent, of the Whole number, excluding species of general distribution) variation has arisen, resulting in the production of new specific forms of greater or less distinctness. (3) In some of these cases the Amazons has operated as a barrier, isolating the derived forms from their Guianan allies, thereby leading to accumulated variations, ulti-, mately resulting in the Specific differences now observable. ScLATER, P. L., and Salvin, Osbert. Catalogue of Birds col- lected by Mr. E. Bartlett on the River Huallega, Eastern Peru, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species. Tom, cit. pp. 748-759, pi. xxxiv. The collection contained nearly 1000 specimens, belonging to 205 species, and was chiefly made at Yurimaguas, Xeberos, and Chyavetas, on or near the river named. Several species are not precisely determined ; but only five, belonging to the families Picid<2, CypsclidcRy Dendrocolaptidmy and Formicariida (2), are characterized as previously undescribed, which is probably owing to the fact that Mr. Hauxwell collected largely in the same dis- trict. , . List of Birds collected at Pebas, Upper Ama- zons, by Mr. John Hauxwell, with Notes and Descriptions of New Species. Tom. cit. pp. 977-981, pi. xlv. The list contains 135 species, of which notes are added re- specting seven, four of them (belonging to Formicariidoi, Ty^ rannid(By Fringillid(B, find Fallidm) being described as new. , . On Peruvian Birds collected by Mr. Whitely. Part I. Tom. cit. pp. 982-991, pi. xlvi. This contains an account of the birds obtained by the collec- tor in his expedition to South-western Peru, and includes 58 species, none of which appear to be new, though several rectifi- cations of synonymy are made. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY* CouES, Elliott. On the Osteology and Myology of Colymbus torquatus. Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. i. pp. 131-172, pi. V. A very good monograph, most plainly written. {Cf, Ibis, 1868, p. 229.) ' Eyton, T. C. Osteologia Avium ; or, a sketch of the Osteology of Birds. Wellington, Salop : 1867. 4to, pp. 229, pis. The publication of this work was commenced in 1858 (Ibis, 1859, p. 101) j and the fourteen successive parts have since ap- 72 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. peared at intervals so irregular that it is impossible for us to say precisely how much of the whole belongs to the period to which this ^ Record ^ properly refers. However, the volume was com- pleted last year, and a very valuable one it is, besides being quite unique of its kind. It contains a series of plates, by Mr. Erxle- ben, over 110 in number, with figures of skeletons, or parts of skeletons, of birds, and so well selected from the author's rich and well-authenticated eollection, that nearly all the principal forms of bird-structure are represented; but it is a drawback that the plates are numbered or lettered in such a manner as to render reference to them awkward. The letterpress eonsists of short descriptions of the osteology of upwards of 450 species, systematically arranged, interspersed with general remarks at the end of each order. Mr. Eyton's classification is founded almost entirely on osteological characters. He divides birds into thirteen orders, as follows : — I. Raptokes — (1) Vulturidce^ (2) FalconidcBy (3) Strigidce) H. Voli- TORES — (1) Trochilidce, (2) Cypselidce ; III. Omnivores — (1) CapriimdyidcBj (2) Trogonidce, (3) AlcedinidcB, (4) Buceridce [qu. Bucerotidce ?] ; IV. Pre- hensores — (1) Psittacidce, (2) Bkamphastidce ; V. Scansores — (1) Bicidce ; VI. Erucivores — (1) Cuculldoiy (2) Musophagidce ; VII. Insessores — (1) MenuridcBf (2) CerthiidcB, (3) Meliphagidce^ (4) Baridce^ (6) Alaudidce, (6) MotacUlidce, (7) Sylviidce, (8) Muscicapidce, (9) Ampelidcey (10) Laniidce, (11) Turdid(^j (12) Oriolid(Sf (13) Stumidce, (14) Fringillidce, (16) TanagridcSf (16) CorvidcB'y Vlll. Bipositores — (1) Columhidce, (2) Dididce \ IX. Rasores — (1) TetraonidcBf (2) PhasianidcB] X. Cursores — (1) StrutJiionidce \ XI. Littores — (1) Otidca [qu. Oiidid(B'^\ (2) Charadriid(B^ (3) Scolopaddccy (4) Tringidce\ XII. Grallatores — (1) Ardeidce, (2) RallidcB', XIII. Na- TATORES — (1) AnaiidcBy (2) ColyrnhidcBy (3) Alcidcey (4) Pelecanidce, (5) La- rides, (^Cf. Ibis, 1868, pp. 98, 99 ; Journ. Aiiat. & Physiol, ii. p. 391.) Hasse, C. Her Bogenapparat der Vogel. Zcitschr. fiir wis- senchaftl. Zoologie, 1867, pp. 598-345, Taf. xxxvii., xxxviii. Nachtrag, tom. cit. pp. 646-654. A very elaborate dissertation on the auditory apparatus of birds. Huxley, Thomas H. On the Classification of Birds ; and on the Taxonomic Value of the Modifications of certain of the Cranial Bones observable in that Class. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 415-4.72. [See under General Subject."] Milne-Ed WARDS, A. Recherches Anatomiques et Paleontolo- giques pour servir k Phistoire des Oiseaux Fossiles de la France. Livr. 1-17. Paris : 1867. 4to, pis. [See under General Subject."] . Note Additionnelle sur Pappareil respiratoire de quelques Oiseaux. Ann. des Sc. Nat. 5® ser. Zool. vii. pp. 12-14. AVES. 73 Since the publication of his former paper on this subject (Zool. Rec. ii. p. 86), the author has had occasion to find that the diffused condition of the respiratory apparatus is less rare than he had supposed, and adduces examples dissected by him of Argala dubia and Buceros hicornis in support of his .view. Murie, James. On Cygnus buccinator , Richardson, and C. passmorii, Hincks. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 8-13. A careful comparison of the differences observable in parts of the osteology of some specimens of American Swans, leading to the conclusion that C. passmorii is not specifically distinct from C. buccinator. The sterna of both are figured. . On the tracheal Pouch of the Emu (Dromceus nova- hollandi(2y Vieill.). Tom. cit. pp. 405-415. The bibliography of this remarkable structure is first given, and then a very minute description of it, illustrated by figures. Its function, the author is inclined to suppose, may be that of a sexual organ of sound during the breeding-season. It is considered to be homologous with the tracheal sac of the Chamuileon, and in this light to be another proof of the Reptilian affinities of the Struthiones. . On the dermal and visceral structure of RhinochetuSy Eurypyguy and Cancroma. Tom. cit. p. 475. To be published hereafter in the Society’s ^ Transactions.’ Owen, R. On Dinornis (Part IX.) : containing a description of the Skull, Atlas, and Scapulo-coracoid Bone of the D. robus- tuSy Owen. Trans. Zool. Soc. v. pp. 337-358, pis. liii.-lvi. A continuation of the author’s well-known series of valuable memoirs on this group of birds. The head is very minutely de- scribed. The scapula and coracoid are confluent, as in ApteryoCy but the latter is relatively much broader. There is no trace of a glenoid cavity for the articulation of a wing, but in its place a rough ridge to which any rudiment of a humerus, if such existed, must have been attached ; Prof. Owen, however, thinks that fore limbs were entirely wanting in this bird. . On Dinornis (Part X.) : containing a description of part of the Skeleton of a flightless Bird indicative of a New Genus and Species [Cnemiornis calcitranSy Ow.). Trans. Zool. Soc. V. pp. 395-404, pis. Ixiii.-lxvii. This form (Zool. Rec. ii. p. 138) was remarkable for the ex- traordinary development of the epicnemial, procnemial, and ec- tocnemial processes of the tibia. It also differed from Dinornis by possessing wings, though they were too short to admit of flight. The remains described and figured consist of cervical and dorsal vertebrae, pelvis, portions of the sternum, humerus, femur, tibia, fibula, and metatarsus. The femur of Aptornis and metatarsus of Dinornis geranoides are also figured. 74 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. Schmidt, Max. Das Skelet der Hausvdgel in geometrischen Zeichnungen auf 15 lithographirten Tafeln dargestellt und mit errauterndem Texte verselien. Frankfurt : 1867. Large fol. This work we have not seen. It is highly spoken of by Prof. Pagenstecher (Zoolog. Garten, 1867, pp. 358, 359). Turner, W. Eemarks on the assumption of Male Plumage by the Hen of the Domestic Fowl. Proc. Eoy. Physical Soc. Edinburgh, iii. pp. 297-399. A confirmation of much that has been previously advanced on the subject. PTEEYLOLOGY. Nitzsch [C. L.] Pterylography, translated [by W. S. Dallas] from the German. London : 1867. Edited by P. L. ScLATER. Fol. pp. 181, pis. X. (Eay Society.) The Eay Society could not have done better than select as their first ornithological publication the work of Nitzsch, which, though the foundation of all subsequent investigations on the subject, has hitherto met with undeserved neglect. The Society also has been most fortunate in finding an editor and translator fully equal to their respective tasks, as well as obtain- ing the original excellent copper-plates by which the book is illustrated. The original work was edited by Prof. Burmeister after the author^s death, and appeared in 1810 (Halle, 4to), the prefatory portion only having been published during his lifetime in 1833. To most ornithologists its contents, nay even the subject of which it treats is comparatively unknown. We may therefore be ex- cused for saying more of it here than we generally do of transla- tions or reprints. The first part is devoted to General Pterylography,^^ and, after a few preliminary remarks, treats of the structure of fea- thers and their principal difierences. A perfect feather consists of six parts — (1) stem, (2) aftershaft, (3) barbs, (4) barbules, (5) barbicels, and (6) booklets, the development of which is fully ex- plained. There are three principal forms of feathers — (1) penna- ceous, (2) downy, and (3) filoplumaceous. Again, feathers are of four different kinds — (1) contour- or surface-feathers, (2) down- feathers, (3) semiplumes, and (4) filoplumes. Next the distri- bution of the plumage of birds in definite tracts is considered. Nine such tracts {pterylai) clothed with contour-feathers (some of which are in pairs) may be distinguished ; in particular (1) the dorsal, (2) humeral, (3) femoral or lumbar, and (4) inferior ; but in a few birds there are besides (5) lateral neck- tracts ; and the other parts similarly covered furnish (6) the head, (7) alar, (8) crural, and (9) caudal tracts. Between these occur featherless AVES. 75 spaces [apteria], especially (1) the lateral neck-_, (2) the lateral trunk-, and (3) the inferior spaces, besides, more or less cominonly> (4) the spinal, (5) upper wing-, (6) lower wing-, (7) crural, and (8) head-spaces. These tracts and spaces are then treated of generally, and subsequently each by itself, after which a chapter is devoted to the curious powder- down feathers found only in some birds ; and another chapter, on the anal oil-gland, con- cludes the first part of the work. The second part relates to Special Pterylography and birds are taken group by group, the arrangement being based on their pterylological characters as follows : — AcciPiTRiNiE : (I.) Acc. diurnce. A. Old-world Vultures. B. New-world Vultures. C. Falcons. (II.) Acc. nocturnce. FASSERiNiE : (1) Corvince, (2) Paradiscidt^, (3) A.m;pclide. Lorius chlorocercus, Gould (P. Z. S. 1850, p. 137), from the Salomon Islanda , is figured. P. L. Sclater, P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 183, 184, pi. xvi. Trichoglossus chlorolepidotus and T. concinniis are figured. S. Piggies, Orn. Austral, part xii. PICARIiE. PiCID.®. Picus medius has occurred in Finland. A. von Nordmann, ffifvers. Finsha Vet.-Soc. Fdrh. viii. pp. 58, 69. Picks pernii \8 B. species from Northern China, somewhat resembling P. cattipharms, but differing in its whitish rump, a black band extending down its belly, and a red patch on its breast. J. P. Verreaux, R. Z. 1867, pp. 171, 271, 272, pi. xvi. Picus major is figured. E. Bettoni, Ucc. Lomb. tav. 16. Colaptcs chrysoidcs is figured. I). G. Elliot, B. N. Am. part vi. Cclcus citrcopyyius is an undescribod species from Yurimaguas in Eastern Peru. It has hitherto been confounded with C. jumana, but is more nearly allied to C. citrinus, having the underside of the primaries unspotted. P. L. Sclater & 0. Salvin, P. Z. S. 1867, pp, 768, 769 (of. tom. cit. p. 686). Dcndrohates nigrogularis is described as a new species from Oapangombe. J. V. Barboza du Bocage, Jorn. Sc, Lisboa, 1867, p. 336. CORACIID^. Fifteen species belonging to this family, and referred to the genera Coracias, BrachypteraciaSj and Eurystomus, are repre- sented in the Leyden Museum by 105 mounted specimens, the series of E. orientalis consisting of 78 examples. H. Schlegel, Mus. P.-B. CoraceSj pp. 13^143. Meropid^e. Merops super ciliosus, M. cegyptius, and M. savignii are only different stages of the same species. O. Finsch, J. f. O. 1867, pp. 239-246. Merops apiaster is figured. J. Gould, B. Gr. Br, part xi. AlCEDINIDA5. Kutter, — . Ueber das Brutgeschaft von Alcedo ispida, L. Joum. fiir Orn. 1867, pp. 38-46. Many original observations on this subject. Halcyon pealii is a new species from Iluaheina very like H. sacra (with which it has been confounded by Lesson and Prof. Schlegel), but with a blue cap and- some other differences. O. Finsch & G. Hartlaub, Beitr. Faun. Oen- tralpolyn. pp. 38-40. H. cassini is a new species from the Feejee Islands, partly confounded by Mr. Cassin, under the name of Todirhamphus vitiensis, a synonym oill. sacruy with that bird, from which it differs in having only a narrow white line 88 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. extending from the nostrils under the eyes. lidem^ tom. cit. pp. 40^ 41; and 276. Dacelo leachi and T'anydptera stjlvia (ad. & juv.) are figured. S. Digglea, Orn. Austral, parts xii. and xv. Capitoniuas. ScLATER, P. L. Barhets and their Bistrihution. Intel!. Ohserv. Nov. 1867, pp. 241-246. A popularly written summary of the chief peculiarities of the family, illustrated by a plate representing Megalcema asiatica. From the facts adduced relating to the distribution of the different members of the family, the author urges the probability of the derivative theory of species. ^^JBucco auidfrons, P. Wiirt.’’ (Naumannia, 1837, p. 433), is Barbatula chry~ socoma. T. v. Heuglin, J. f. 0. 1867, p. 300. RHAMPHASTID.E. Cassin, John. A study of the Ramphastidce [lege Rhamphas- tidal. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia, 1867, pp. 100- 124. Another of the author^s valuable monographs. Of the numerous so-called genera into which the family has been split, he is content with five only, using the names of the rest, with half a dozen new ones, to indicate minor groups. These genera and groups are as follows: — (i) Ramphastos [lege Rhainphastus'], containing five divisions : (1) Rhamphasius with two species, (2) Burhynchus and (3) Tucanus with six each, (4) Rumphodryas [Rhamphodryas] with two species and three varieties of R. aridj and (5) Tucaius with one species — these last four names being apparently used for the first time; (ii) Pteroylossus, including (1) Pteroglossus proper with eleven species and three varieties of P. castanotis, (2) Grammarhynckus [lege Grammatorliynchus\ with three species, (3) Pyrosterna with five, and (4) Beauharnaisius and (5) Baillonius (a new name) each with one species — P. aldrovandi (Shaw) being a doubtful species ; (iii) Belenidera, comprising (1) Selenidera proper with five species, and (2) Piperivorus and (3) Ramphastoides [lege Rhamphastoides] (a new name) with one each ; (iv) Aulacorhamphus and (v) Andigena are each composed of two divisions, the former of (1) Aulacorhamphus proper with five and (2) Rhamphoxanthus with six species, and the latter of (1) Andigena proper with three species and (2) Rhamphomelas with two. Besides these Mr. Cassin enumerates some other de- scribed species of Rhamphastus, which he cannot determine. No species are described as new. BuCEROTIDiE. “ Toccus nasutus, var. infuscatus,V. Wiirt.” (Naumannia, 1857, p. 433), is T. poecilorhynchus, T. v. Heuglin, J. f. 0, 1867, p. 300. AVES. 89 Upupida!. Rhinopo7nastes cyanoleucus, P. Wlirt.” (Naumannia, 1857, p. 433), partly rests on L'risor senegalensis, juv., and partly on R. aterrimus. T. v. Heuglin,, J. f. 0. 1867, p. 301. Upupa epops, its habits during incubation. D. Scott, Ibis, 1867, pp. 136, 136. Falculia palliata is figured. H. Schlegel & F. P. L. Pollen, Rech. Faun. Madag. pi. 33, figs. 1, 2. CuCULIDiE. Cucnlus canorus 5 is supposed to have removed the eggs from the nest of Anthiis aquaticus, in which her own had been hatched. E. Baldamus, Zeitschr. gesammt. Naturwiss. 1867, pp. 100, 101. Remarks on its oviposi- tion. C. Jex, Zoolog. Garten, 1867, pp. 76-78 and 355, 356 j A. Muller, to7n. cit. pp. 156-159, 374-390, 409-415, 449-457 ; E. Baldamus, tom. cit. pp. 193- 197 ; W. Jesse, Zoologist, S. S. p. 914. Herr Muller argues strongly against the theory of Dr. Baldamus {cf. Zool. Record, ii. p. 99). The same theory considered : A. G. Smith, Wiltshire Magazine (cf. Ibis, 1867, pp. 374, 375, 469, 470). Cuculus mfuscatus (Zool. Rec. iii. p. 80) is figured. 0. Finsch & Q. Ilart- laub, Beitr. Faun. Centralpolyn. Taf. v. fig. 1. Cuculus (^Cacomantis) castannventris is a new species from Cape York, re- sembling C.Jiahclliformis in form, but smaller and with shorter wings. It is closely allied to a Philippine species, probably C. sepulchraliSf Bp., and more distantly to C. brojizina, G. R. Gray. J. Gould, Ann. & Mag. N. II. 3rd ser. XX. p. 269. Figured : Id. B. Austral. Suppl. part iv. Ilicrococcyx nisioides is characterized as a new species fromNepaul, like II. sparverioides, but conspicuously smaller. E. Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 362. Clirysococcyx cupreus has no c£eca. C. Barron, Ibis, 1867, pp. 146, 146. Coua coquereli^ C. cursor, C. verreauxi, C. py^'opyga, together with Ceutropus sakalava and C. leucuropyga, are described as new species from Madagascar. The first three seem to be good ; but the fourth is subsequently identified with C. cristata, and the fifth and sixth with C. lafresnayanus [Zool. Rec. iii. p. 80]. A. Grandidier, R. Z. 1867, pp. 86, 87, 255, 256, 391, 392, 417. Centropus midamanensis, Tytler,” is described as a new species, from the Andamans, smaller than C. rujipcnnis and wanting the black markings of that bird. R. C. Beavan, Ibis, 1867, p. 321. Dromococcyx rujigula^'is is described as a new species from Guatemala, much smaller than D. phasianellus, and with weaker feet. The doloration is also different. G. N. Lawrence, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1867, p. 233. Caprimulgid^. ScLATEB, P. L. Bemerkungen fiber die amerikanischen Caprimulgiden. Journ. ffir Orn. 1867, pp. 262-278. A translation of the first of the two papers by the same author noticed last year (Zool. Rec. iii. p. 81). Caprimidgus hracliyurus is described as a new species from the Aru Islands, recognizable especially by its dark colour and short tail. II. von Rosenberg, Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind. xxix, (1866) p. 143. 90 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. Caprimulgus welwitschi is described as a new species from Angola, allied to C. rujigena, A. Smith, and C. fossi, Verr., but more rufescent beneath, and considered to be distinct from either. J. V. Barboza du Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lisboa, 1867, p. 133. Caprimulgus europceus is figured. E. Bettoni, Ucc. Lomb. tav. 16. Scotornis maci'ocercus and S. longissimus, P. Wiii’t.” (Naumannia, 1857, p. 433), are identical with S. climacurus. T. v. Heuglin, J. f. 0. 1867, p. 297. Semiophorus vexillarius (Zool. Rec. iii. p. 82) is perfectly distinct fr’om Ca- primulgus {^Macridopteryx') longipennis. G. Hartlaub, Arch, fiir Naturg. xxxiii. Jahrg., 2, p. lOj.P.Z. S. 1867, pp. 821, 822. Nyctihius h'acteatus is figured. P. L. Sclater and 0. Salvin, Ex. Orn. pi. 20. CyPSELlDiE. SoLATEB, P. L. Bemerkungen fiber die Genera und Species der Cypseliden. Journ. fur Orn. 1867, pp. 112-141. A translation of the paper formerly noticed by us (Zool. Rec. ii. pp. 99, 100). Cypselus acuticauda is a new species, supposed to be from Nepaul, difiering chiefly from C. leuconyx in the absence of the white rump-band. E. Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 46. Cypselus duhius, Antinori (Zool. Rec. i. pp. 72, 73), is probably only the young of C. murarius (sc. apus). T. von Ileugliu, J. f. 0. 1867, p. 201. Cypselus guituralis^ Vieill., is distinct from C. melha, and C. harbatuSy Temm.,” Sclater, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 699, from C. apus, of which they are the South-African representatives. H. B. Tristram, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 887 (c/. J. H. Gurney, Ibis, 1868, p. 162). Nephoccetes niger is figured. D. G. Elliot, B. N. Am. part v. Clmtura grandidieri is a new species from the east coast of Madagascar, in appearance resembling Phedina lorhonica, J. P. Verreaux, Bull. N. Arch. Mus. iii. pp. 3-6, pi. i. j II. Schlegel & F. P. L. Pollen, Rech. Faun. Madag. pp. 65, 66. Chcetura hrachycei'ca is a new species from Xeberos in Eastern Peru, re- markable for its short tail. P. L. Sclater & O. Salvin, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 758, pi. xxxiv. Collocalia francica with nest is figured. C. Ooquerel, Album de la Reunion, 1866, pp. 21-24, fig. 1. Collocalia affinis, Tytler,’’ is described as a new species from the Anda- mans. R. 0. Beavan, Ibis, 1867, p. 318. [Apparently the same as C. lincki. E. Blyth, op, cit. 1868, pp. 131, 132.] Trochilid^. Clauds emeus is described as a new species from Costa Rica, differing from G. hirmta in the bronze colour above and also in being smaller. Like G, ajjinis it has a well-marked tail-band, but it is of a deeper black. G. N. Lawrence, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1867, p. 232. Phaetheyrnis eurynomus, its nest and egg figured. C. F. Dubois, Arch. Oosmol. 1867, pi. ix. p. 163. [N.B. The roseate colouring of the egg is said to AVES. 91 be due to the reddish lichen (Spiloma roseuni) of which the nest is partly composed.] Doricha hryantcB is a new species from Costa Rica, allied to D. eX)elynm and jD. elizcB.^ with a longer bill and narrower tail than the former, and a less bril- liant throat than the latter, besides other differences. G. N. Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. N. York, 1867, pp. 483, 484. Aylceactis olivaceocauda is described as a new species from Peru. G. N. Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. N. York, 1867, pp. 470-472. [A comparison of the types proves it to be identical with A. caurnatonota, Gould (P. Z. S. 1868, p. 12). 0. Salvin, Ibis, 1868, p. 116.] Ilcliomaster spectahilis is described as a new species from Costa Rica. G. N. Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. N. York, 1867, pp. 472, 473. [It is the female of a species of Eugenes and probably of E. fidgens (Swains.). 0. Salvin, Ibis, 1868, pp. 115, 251.] Oreopyra vemista and O. cinereicauda are described as new species from Costa Rica. The last is allied to O. leucaspis, but having a grey instead of a steel-blue tail. G. N. Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. N. York, 1867, pp. 484, 485. [O. venusia is identical with O. calol<^ma, as a comparison of the types prove. 0. Salvin, Ibis, 1868, p. 116,] Thaumatias lucice is described as a new species from Honduras, much like T. limueij except as to the tail, the under surface of which closely resembles T. chionopcctus. G. N. Lawrence, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1867, p. 233. Euplierma nigriventris is described as a new species from Costa Rica, with a combination of colours of unusual character, but allied probably to E. eximia. Id. tom. cit. pp. 232, 233. PASSERES. PiTTID/E. Pitta macldoti [?] has occurred at Cape York, North Australia ; and P. stre- pitans [?] from the same locality differs from more southern specimens in its smaller size, markings, and shape of the bill and feet. G. Krefft, P.Z. S. 1867, p. 319. Pitta mackloti [?] (ex Australia) is figured. S. Biggies, Orn. Austral, part xiv. ( Cf. Ibis, 1868, p. 348.) P1iile2n(ta Jala and P. schlegeli (Zool. Rec. iii. p. 86) are figured. II. Schlegel and P. L. Pollen, Rech. Faun. Madag. pp. 87-89, pis. 31, figs. 1-3, and 32, figs. 1-3. Formicariid^. Thamnophilus murinus, Natterer,” is an undescribed species from Cayenne, Northern Brazil, and Eastern Peru, allied to T. cceridescens and T. amazonicus. P. L. Sclater & O. Salvin, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 766. Thamnophilus hypei'ythrus, Gould (Ann. & Mag. N. II. 2jnd ser. xv. 1856, p. 346) is Myrmelastes plumheus $ , Sclater (P. Z. S. 1868, p. 274). lidem, tom, cit, p. 981. Thamnophilus tenuifasciatus and T. nigrcsccns are two now species belong- ing to the same group as T. dolialus. The first is from the Rio Napo, and has the transverse lines narrow and more clearly defined than any of the others; the second is from Venezuela, and differ^ strikingly in its much blacker appearance, without the greyish character prevailing in the lower 93 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. plumage of its allies. G. N. Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. N. York, 1867, pp. 468- 470. Myrmotherula cinereiventris is an undescribed species from Cayenne, Suri- nam, Ecuador, and Eastern Peru, allied to M. axillaris, but entirely cinereous, beneath. P. L. Sclater & 0. Salvin, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 756. Pcrcnostola fortis is a new species from Eastern Peru, in form and appear- ance like P. futiebris, but larger, and with the wings unspotted externally. P. L. Sclater & O. Salvin, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 980, pi. xlv. Phlogojysis macleannani is figured. P. L. Sclater & O. Salvin, Ex. Orn. pi. 9. MENURIDiE. Menura superha in confinement. P. L. Sclater, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 391 ; F. C. Noll, Zoolog. Garten, 1867, pp. 266, 267, fig. Its habits in confinement ; considered to be allied to the Paradiseidee. A. D. Bartlett, P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 688, 689. Pteroptochid^. Hylactes castaneus is figured. P. L. Sclater & O. Salvin, Ex. Orn. pi, 29. Dendrocolaptid^e. “ Cefi'thilaudamyrofasciataJ' Philippi and Landbeck (Zool. Roc. ii. p. 103), is only Geositta cimiotdaria. P. L. Sclater, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 324. Synallaxis crassirostris (Zool. Rec. iii. p. 87) is identical with S. dorhignii, Reich. (Ilandb. Sp. Orn. p. 163), which has been wrongly referred by La- fresnaye and D’Orbigny (Mag. Zool. 1836, p. 24) to S. humicola, Kittl. (Mem. Ac. P5tersb. 1830, tab. 6). P. L. Sclater & O. Salvin, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 986. Philydor fuscipemiis is a new species from Veragua, allied to P. pyrrhodes, Cab., but the rump and tail more rufescent and darker, the back more of a cinnamon colour, and the body beneath brownoi*. 0. Salvin, P. Z. S. 1806, p. 72, 1867, p. 143. Philydor virgatus is a now species from Costa Rica, making the third of this genus now observed north of the Isthmus of Panama. G. N. Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. N. York, 1867, p. 468 j 0. Salvin, Ibis, 1868, p. 114. Dendroeolaptes radiolatus is a new species from Yuriniaguas in Eastern Peru, allied to D, cayennensis and D. sancti-ihomce ; but this last is smaller, has the back rufous, unbarred, the radiations are much closer, and it has a smaller and nearly black bill. P. L. Sclater & O. Salvin, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 765. ‘‘ Dendrornis mentalis, Baird,” is a new species from Mazatlan, having a very close resemblance to D. eburneirostris, but with larger feet, a paler coloration, and dusky margins to the chin-feathers. G. N. Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. N. York, 1867, pp. 481, 482. MELIPHAGIDiE. Zoster opisylvia icterovirens, P. Wiirt.” (Naumannia, 1857, p. 433), is de- scribed. It is a true Zosterops, and a distinct species. A list of the other four known species of the genus from north-eastern Africa is added. T. v. Heuglin, J. f. O. 1867, p. 295. Zosterops modesta and Z. semijlava are two new species, the first from Mah^ in the Seychelles, dusky-grey, Avith a white ring round the eye, and black lores ; the second from Marianne in the same group, very like Z. polio- AVES* 93 gastra, Ileiigl. (Ibis, 1861, p. 357), but with the belly flnd abdomen entirely yellow and bay Hanks. E. Newton, P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 345, 346: Ibis, 1867, pp. 345, 346, and 354. Zosterops Jiaviccps, Peale, from the Feejees (cf, and nest) is figured. O. Finsch & G. Hartlaub, Beitr. Faun. Centralpolyn. taf. vi. Zosterops, the distribution of the species in the Mascarene Islands stated. H. Schlegel & F. P. L. Pollen, Rech. Faun. Madag. pp. 71-76. (Correc- tion of errors in the statement : Ibis, 1868, p. 225.) Ptilotis procerior is a new species from the Feejee Islands, in general colour resembling P. carunculata, but easily to be distinguished by the situation of tlio bare skin on the clieolr, and especially in the want of the lappet extend- ing from the gape. The heads of both species are figured. 0. Finsch ahd G. Hartlaub, Beitr. Faun. Centralpolyn. pp. 62-64, taf. v. figg. 2, 3. Ptilotis notata is a new species from Cape York, allied to P. chrysotis and P. gracilis, but larger than the latter and with a longer and stouter bill than the former. It is also allied to P. assimilis of the Aru Islands. J. Gould, Ann. k Mag. N. II. 3rd scr. xx. pp. 269, 270. Ptilotis leadbctcri is described as a now species from Victoria, allied to P. aurico7)iis,\)iit easily distinguished by its greater size, subcrcsted head, blackish upper colouring, shorter and thicker bill, and the larger and more deeply coloured ear-plumes. F. M^Coy, Ann. & Mag. N. II. 3rd ser. xx. p. 442. Ptilotis Jlavigula, P.Jiligera, and P. chrysotis are figured. S. Biggies, Om. Austral, part xiv. Ptilotis cassidix (Zool. Rec. iii. p. 88) is figured. J. Gould, B. Austral. Suppl. part iv. Myzomda jugularis, Peale, from the Feejees, and M. nigrivcntris, Peale, from Upolu (ad. & juv.) are figured. 0. Finsch & G. Hartlaub, Beitr. Faun. Centralpolyn. taf. vii. figg. 1-4. Mhnus caruncidatus (Zool. Rec. iii, p. 57) is referred to Anthochcera and called A. bulleri. O. Finsch, J. f. O. 1867, pp. 342, 343. 2'ropidorhynchus corniculatus and T. argenticeps are figured. S. Biggies, Orn. Austral, part xi. Anthorfiis rujiceps is a new species from New Zealand. A. v. Pelzeln, Verhandl. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. 1867, p. 316 ; O. Finsch, J. f. O. 1867, p. 341. Mdithreptus validirostris (head), M. gidaris, M. lumdatus (head), M. hre- Yirostris (head), M, albogularis, and M. mdanocephalm are figured. S. Big- gies, Orn. Austral, part xii. Myzantha garrula, M. Jlavigida, and M. mdanophrys are figured. S. Big- gdes, Orn. Austral, part xv. NECTARINIIDiE. Nectarinia natedensis, Antinori (Cat. Ucc. Affr. centr. p. 33) {nec Jardine), “IV. acik. Ant.,” Hartmann (J. f. O. 1866, p. 205), is N. scnegalensis. Von Ileuglin (J. f. O. 1864, p. 262), and only differs from N. scnegalensis (L.) in the darker colour of its upper parts. T. von Ileuglin, J. f. 0. 1867, p. 202. Nectarinia gonzenbachi (Zool. Rec. i. p. 75) is “ N, erythrocei'ca, Heugl.” Hartl. (Orn, West Afr. p. 270). Idem, loc. cit. ‘‘ Cocreba gutturalis (L.),” Bp. (Consp. Av. i. p. 400), is a Nectarinia, and 94 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. identical with N. natalensis, Jard. (nec Antin.), and Cinnyris discolor j'EiQXiQ. It comes from Zanzibar. Gt. Hartlaub, P. Z. S. 1867; pp. 824, 825. Nectariniaf sp. ?, from Capangombe, is described but not named. It re- sembles N. hypodilus, Jard. & Fras. (Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 153), but is easily distinguished by its colour below, which is not yellow but white. J. V. Barboza du Bocage, Jorn. Scienc. Lisboa, 1867, pp. 332, 333. Nectarinia dabrii is a new species from Northern China, belonging to the long-tailed group which contains N. nipalensis, but differing from all others in the whitish tips to the outer rectrices. J. P. Verreaux, K. Z. pp. 170, 173, 174, pi. XV. Nectarinia coquereli is figured. H. Schlegel & F. P. L. Pollen, Bech. Faun. Madag. p. 71, pi. 18. fig. 1. Nectarinia osea and N insignia (Zool. Bee. ii. p. 104), N zeylonica, N. gmddice^ and N. saturata are figured. J. Gould, B. As. part xix. Piprisoma agilcy with young, nest, and eggs, is figm’ed. B. 0. Beavan, Ibis, 1867, pp. 430, 431, pi. x. CcEREBIDiE. Coereha gutturalis (L.) is a Nectarinia (q. v.). G. Ilartlaub, P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 824, 826. COTINGIDiE. Ileteropelma wallacii is a new species from Para on'tho Lower Amazons, allied to II. amazonum from the Upper waters, but more greenish above and not tinged with rufous, the throat and abdomen being paler and more ash- coloured. P. L. Sclater & O. Salvin, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 579. Hadro^tomus albiventris is described as a new species from Western Mexico, differing from the allied species in its much lighter plumage, the rose-colour on the neck in fr’ont being lighter and more restricted than in H. affinis. G. N. Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. N. York, 1867, pp. 476, 476. [One of the many forms of II. aglaice^ and perhaps hardly to be considered dis- tinct. 0. Salvin, Ibis, 1868, p. 116.] Pupicola sanguinolenta is figured. P. L. Sclater & 0. Salvin, Ex. Orn. pi. 15. Ampelioides is the name given to a new genus, of which the tvpe is de- scribed and figured as a new species^ A. Jlavitorques, from the Bio Napo. J. P. Verreaux, Bull. N. Arch. Mus. iii. pp. 5, 6, pi. 2. fig. 1. [Identified with Ampelion dnetus, Tschudi (P. Z. S. 1856, p. 162, pi. civ.). P. L. Sclater, Ibis, 1868, p. 222.] Sclater, P. L. The Bell-birds of America. Intell. Observer, x. pp. 401- 408. A popularly written account of the genus Chastnorhynchus, illustrated by a coloured figure of C. nudicollis. The manner in which the four known species of the genus may have descended on Darwinian principles from an original C, prisons is ingeniously set forth in a diagram. AMPELIDiE. Ampelis yarrulus visited the British Isles, in unusual abundance, during the winter of 1866-67. J. Hancock, N. H. Trans. Northumb. & Durh. i. pp. 281, 282 } E. Newman, Zoologist, S. S. pp. 660, 661 ; A. Clark-Kennedy, AVES. 95 tom. oil. p. 661 ; J. Cordeaux, tom. cit. p. 691 ; II. Stevenson, tom. cit. p. 696 ; J. A. II. Brown, tom. cit. pp. 606 & 907 j T. E. Gunn, G. Garrett, and J. G. Overend, tom. cit. pp. 633, 634 ; II. L. Saxby, tom. cit. p. 689 ; II. Black- more, tom. cit. p. 704. Its occurrence in Germany at the same season, G. Ilerpell, Zool. Garten, 1867, p. 169 ; A. Schopff, tovi. cit, p. 160 : in Swit- zerland (where it had not appeared since 1811), — Girtanner, tom.\cit. pp. 169, 160, and 280 ; B. Altum, tom. cit. p. 197 j A. Rose, tom. cit. p. 270 j — Favre, Bull. Soc. Sc. Nat. Neuchatel, vii. p. 613. Tacliycephala grccffii (Zool. Rec. iii. p. 89) c? and P. vitiensis, Gray, ? , are figured. 0. Finsch & G. Hartlaub, Beitr. Faun. Centralpolyn. taf. viii. figg. 2, 3. Pardalotus xanihopygus is described as a new species” from Victoria. It belongs to the section which wants the wax-like appendages to the wing- feathers, and most resembles P. punctatiis, but differs from it in having a more slender bill, white spots on the upper back, paler abdomen, greyish flanks, and conspicuously in the lower back being bright yellow. F. M‘Coy, Ann. & Mag. N. H. 3rd ser. xix. p. 184 (March 1867). Under the name ^‘P. xanthopyge" it was exhibited 11 Feb., 1867, as “a new species recently described. ” Id. Trans. 8t Proc. R. S. Victoria, viii. part i. p. 41 (May 1867) ; Ann. k Mag. N. II. 3rd ser. xx. p. 177. The same species was also described as new 28 Feb., 1867, before the Zoological Society of London, under the name P. leadheateri, Ramsay Ibis, 1867, pp. 266, 266. First described in the ^Australasian’ newspaper of Melbourne”! F. MUoy, op. cit. 1868, p. 122. Figured : J. Gould, B. Austral. Suppl. part iv. TiMALIIDiE. Garrtdax ndnginosus and O. polioccphalus are two undescribed species in the Derby Museum of Liverpool from South-eastern Asia. E. Blyth, Ibis, 1866, 46. Garrtdax sannio is^a new species from Middle China. R. Swinhoe, tom. cit. pp. 402, 403. Garrtdax leucogaster was the name proposed (P. Z. S. 1866, p. 649) for the Siamese race of G. helangeri. It is now identified with Turdus diardi^ Less. Ld. Walden, Ibis, 1867, pp. 381, 382. Garrtdax delesserti and G. gtdaris are figured. J. Gould, B. As. part xix. Timalia guadristriata and T. hicolor are two undescribed species in the Derby Museum of Liverpool, probably from Malacca. The former is akin to T. leticotis, Strickl. ; the latter like T. erythroptera, but dark ashy, with a rufous mantle, wings, and tail. E. Blyth, Ibis, 1866, pp. 46, 47. Myiothera tnurina, S. Muller,” is [apparently] an undescribed species. Together with M. niyrogtdaris, Temm., it is referred to Turdinus, and the first is the smallest of the group. E. Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 47. HiRUNDINIDA5. Jlirundo ancliieto} is described as a new species from Benguela. J. V. Barboza du Bocage, .Torn. Scienc. Lisboa, 1867, p. 160; Id. tom. cit. p. 338. Ilirundo ccquatorialis (Zool. Rec. iii. p. 90) appears to be readily distin- guishable. P. L. Sclater & O. Salvin, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 979. ‘y Hirundo andamanemis, Tytler,” is described as a new species from the Andamans. R. C. Beavan, Ibis, 1867, pp. 316, 317. 96 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. Hirundo velocissima, P. Wiirt.” (Naumannia, 1857, p. 433), is identical with H. fuscicapilla, Heugl. Mus. Stuttg./’ but no description is furnished. T. V. Heuglin, 1807, p. 297. Phedina horhonica is figured. 0. Coquerel, Album de la RiSunion, 1806, pp. 19, 20, fig. 2. Ilirundo euchryseaf var. dominicensiay differs from the Jamaican form by its smaller bill, and in wanting the golden edging to the tertials and greater coverts. II. Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. II. 1800, p. 95. Chelidon urhica imprisoning Passer domesticus in its nest. A. Clark-Ken- nedy. Zoologist, S. S. p. 916. Oriolidas. Twenty-five species of this family, all referred to the genus Oi'iolus, are represented in the Leyden Museum by 221 mounted specimens. H. Schlegel, Mus. P.-B. Coraces , pp. 98-116. “ Oriolus icterus f P. Wiirt.” (Naumannia, 1837, p. 433), is supposed to be an immature O. hicolor. T. v. Heuglin, J. f. O. 1807, p. 300. Oriolus andamanensiSf Tytler,” is “ provisionally ” described as a new species from the Andamans. B. 0. Beavan, Ibis, 1807, pp. 320, 327, (Cf. J. A. S. B. 1859, p. 272.) Pycnorhamphus cucullatus is described as a new species from the K(5 Islands. II. von Rosenberg, Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind, xxix. (1800) p. 143. Identical with Sphecotheres flaviventris. Gould. II. Schleuel, N. T. I), hi. pp. 342, 343. EnOLIIDiE. Pdolius affinisy Tytler,” is described as a new species from the Anda- mans, having no frontal crest whatever, and the head-feathers approaching those of Brhinya. R. C. Beavan, Ibis, 1807, pp. 323, 324. Probably a race of B. ranyoonensiSf Gould (P. Z. S. 1830, p. 6). Ld. Walden, loc, cit. VlREONIDiE. Jlylophilus ruhrifrons and II. semicinereus are described and figured as new species from the Amazons. The first is easily distinguishable by its red front and rufous tail ; for though H. ochraceiceps has a rufous tail, it is of a more ochraceous tinge. The second is readily recognizable by its uniform pale cinereous colour below. P. L. Sclater & O. Salvin, P. Z. S. 1807, pp, 509, 670, pi. XXX. figs. 1, 2. Vireo plamheuSy V. vicmiory V. sioainsoni, and V. imsilliis (Zool. Rec. hi. p. 91) are figured. D. G. Elliot, B. N. Am. part viii. Tyrannid^e. Musdsaxicola alhifrons is distinct from Tcenioptera alpina with which it had been united (Ibis, 1800, p. 57), being much larger, and the upper parts of a paler colour. M. ruhricapilla (Zool. Rec. ii. p. 100) is carefully de- scribed. P. L. Sclater & 0. Salvin, P. Z. S. 1807, pp. 980, 987. Tyrannida stoliday var. lucaysiensisy from the Bahamas, is described as Larger than either T. stolida of Jamaica or the Cuban T. sayrcCy but resem- bling the latter most in colour. II. Bryant, Proc. Boston Soc. N. II. 1800, pp, 00, 07» AVES. 97 Tyrannula stolula, var. dommicmsts, from Eastern St. Domingo, is described - as differing from T. sagrce and T. hahamensis in the distinct yellow abdo- man, and from T. stolida in the very much broader rufous outer edging of the primaries. Id. tom. cit. pp. 90, 91. T. carrihcea, var. hispaniolensisf is described from Western St. Domingo. Id. tom. cit. p. 91. Tyranniscus gracilipes is an undescribed species from Pebas in Eastern Peru and Venezuela, most nearly resembling T. parvus, Lawr. (Ibis, 1862, p. 12) ; but the last has a white throat and breast. ^ P. L. Sclater & O. Salviii, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 981. Myiodynastes siipferciliaris is a new species from Costa Pica, most resem- bling M. chrysoccplialus (Tsch.) from Peru; but that has a stouter bill, the feathers surrounding the crest and on the sides of the head are of a clear ash- colour, the throat is buff, and the breast-feathers are olivaceous in the mid- dle. G. N. Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. N. York, 1867, p. 470. [It is probably Hypermitres chrysocephalus, Cab. (J. f. 0. 1861) from Costa Pica. 0, Salvin, Ibis, 1868, p. 115.] Contopns pcrtinax is figured. D. Q. Elliot, B. N, Am. part vi. DiCllUIlIM. Mclasomanigerri7na,V. Wiirt.” (Naumannia, 1857, p. 433), MelcBnornis mclas, Heugl. (Sitz. k.-k. Akad. Wien, 1856, p. 284). T. v. Ileuglin, J. f. O. 1867, p. 296. Dio'urus marginatus is a new species in the Derby Museum at Liverpool, probably from South-eastern Asia. E. Blyth, Ibis, 1865, p. 46. Dicrurus waldeni (Zool, Pec. ii. pp. 107, 108) is figured. II. Schlegel & F. P. L. Pollen, Pcch. Faun. Madag. pp. 80, 81, pi. 23. Dicrurus macrocercus apparently preys on young birds. D. Scott, Ibis, 1867, p. 136. “ Dicrurus andainanensis, Tytler,” is anew species, peculiar in having hair- like feathers springing from the nostril. P. C. Beavan, Ibis, 1867, p. 323. Dicrurus musicus is parasitic in its mode of feeding. E. L. Layard, Ibis, 1867, pp. 460, 461. Dict'urus h'acteatus is figured. S. Diggles, Orn. Austral, part xi. Laniidas. Walden, [Arthur Hay] Viscount. On the Rufous-tailed Shrikes. Ibis, pp. 211-226, pis. v., vi. The species so termed are those belonging to the group sepa- rated by Bonaparte as Otomela (11. Z. 1853, p. 436-438), a name which the author does not adopt. In this group the males have a plumage similar to that of the females of Lanius collurio and L. bucephalus ; and their relationship to the first shows itself most in L. cristaius. The species of the group have all rufous tails and no white speculum on the primaries ; but they are also in great confusion, which the author has successfully, as it seems to us, reduced. Eight species are referred to it, and their synonymy and tables of dimensions of specimens from various localities are given in much detail. All but one belong to the Indian 1867, [voL. IV.] n 98 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. Region. Lanius isabellinus, H. & E.^ from Arabia^ is noticed as a transitional link^ having a white alar bar; and this, with L.phosnicuruSj Pall, (which has occurred in Europe : Naumannia, 1858, pp. 320, 425 ; Ibis, 1862, p. 66), and L, magnirostiis , form the subjects of the plates. Lanius pallidus (Zool. Rec. i. p. 78) is, according to De Filippi, identical with L. pallidirostris, Oassin (Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, p. 244). T. v. Heug- lin, J. f. O. 1867, p. 204. Lanius minor occurred in Scilly in 1851, but was previously recorded (Zool. p. 3300) as L. excuhitor. E. H. Rodd, Journ. R. Inst. Cornw. Oct. 1867, pp. 352, 353, Zool. S. S. p. 703 (of. tom. cit. pp. 655-657, 605, 606). Lanius melanthes is described as a new species from Middle and Southern China, at first appearance like a melanine form of L. schach, L. R. Swinhoe, Ibis, 1867, pp. 404, 405. [Identified with L.fuscatus, Less. (Tr. d’Orn. p. 373), but an important rediscovery of a lost species. Ld. Walden, Ibis, 1868, pp. 68-70.] Malaconottis leucomeiopon and M. albicollis, P. WUrt.” (Naumannia, 1857, p. 432), are identical with Lannis milieus^ Licht. T. v. Heuglin, J. f. 0. 1867, p. 293. Dryoscopus siiblacteus, Oassin, a supposed young bird described. G. Hart- laub, P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 825, 820. Laniarius modcstus is a new species from Benguela, noticeable for the ab- sence of any superciliary mark. J. V. Barboza du Bocage, Jorn. Scienc. Lis- boa, 1867, p. 151. Vanga (Xenopirostris) dami (Zool. Rec. ii. p. 108) is figured. H. Schlegel & F. P. L. Pollen, Rech. Faun. Madag. pi. 30. figs. 1, 2. Orecsca cristata is figured. S. Biggies, Orn. Austral, part xi. Artamus sordidus^ A. supei'cUiosus, and A. leuoopygialis are figured. Ld. op. cit. part xiii. Campephaqid^. Ceblepyrisy a supposed new species from Kamamil, in the Duke Paul of Wiirtemberg’s collection, is described, but not named. T. v. Heuglin, J. f. O. 1867, pp. 303, 304. Graucalus layardi is an undescribed species from Southern India and (Dey- lon. It is O. papuensis, Sykes, and Jerdon, and Campephaga macii, Layard, and is of the same small size as G. javensiSyha.Ying the anterior surface of the wing strongly barred underneath, and the outer rectrices very slightly tipped with white. E. Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 368. Artamia bernieri, the type specimen figured. H. Schlegel & F. P. L. Pol- len, Rech. Faun. Madag. p. 86, pi. 26. Pachycephala rufa is figured. Lid. ut supra, pp. 86, 87, pi. 26. figs. 1, 2. Muscicapid^. Monarcha godeffroyi is a new species from the island of Yap, near the Ma- telotas, nearly allied to M. rugensis, from the Hogoleu group j but the distri- bution of the colours is difierent. G. Ilartlaub, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 829, pi. xxxviii, AVES. 99 M. fulviventris is described as a new species from the Bougainville (Echi- quier) Islands, nearly allied to M. inornata, Less. (Voy. Coquille, Zool, pi. 15, fig. 1), but differing in the colour of the abdomen and secondary remiges. Another species of similar colouring is M. cinerascens (Temm.) from Timor. Id. tom. dt. p. 830. Monarcha lessoni, Ilombr., is figured. O. Finsch & G. Hartlaub, Beitr. Faun. Oentralpolyn. taf. vii. fig. 6. Myiacjra' alhivcntris and M. castaneiventris ( c? & $ ) are figured. lid. ut stqv'ct, taf. ix. figs. 1-3. Myiagm tytleri is described as a new species, from the Andamans, in general appearance like M. azurea, but larger, and the male entirely wanting the black throat usually present in that bird. Beneath it is more dully and above brighter coloured. R. 0. Beavan, Ibis, 1867, p. 324. Elminia teresita (Zool. Bee. i. p. 78) is stated to be identical with E. alexincBy Ilengl. (J. f. 0, 1864, pp. 255, 256), and only differs from the West- African E. longicauda by being smaller and having conspicuous black lores. T. von Heuglin, J. f. O. 1867, p, 203. Idiitrea corvina is a new species from Praslin in the Seychelles, the adult male entirely black with very long middle rectrices, the female and young male with the head steely-black, the body chestnut above, white beneath, and the remiges dusky with chestnut outer edges. E. Newton, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 345 J Ibis, 1867, p. 349, pi. iv. (J & $). Ehilentoma unicolor is a new species from Borneo, resembling P. vdata, but, except the white flank-feathers, wholly blue. E. Blyth, Ibis, 1865, p. 46. Hylophorha ruticilla (Zool. Bee. ii. p. 109) is identical with Calicalims madagascariensis (Linn.), and Artamia rufa (Gm.) is referred to the same genus. A. Grandidier, B. Z. 1867, pp. 386, 387. Erythrosterna parva occurred in Scilly, November 1865. E. H. Rodd, Journ. B. Inst. Cornw. Oct. 1866, p. 151. Newtonia hrunneicauda (Zool. Bee. iii. p. 94) is figured. H. Schlegel &F, P. L. Pollen, Bech. Faun. Madag. pi. 18. fig. 3. Muscicapa madagascariensis is described as a new species, but is subse- quently said not to be so, though with what it is identical is not stated. A. Grandidier, B. Z. pp. 86, 266. Mniotiltid^e. GeotJilypis rostratus is described as a new species from Nassau in the Ba- hamas, with a much stouter bill than G. trichas^ the wing rounder, the tail much broader, and the whole bird much larger. Beneath also it is bright chrome-yellow. The heads of both species are figured. H. Bryant, Proc. Boston Soc. N. H. 1866, pp. 67, 68. Dendrceca graticc (Zool. Bee. ii. p. Ill) is figured. D. G. Elliot, B, N, Am, part viii. CiNCLIDAi. Salvin, Osbert. On the genus Cinclus. Ibis, 1867, pp. 109- 122, pi. ii., and pp. 382, 383. A very philosophical monograph. The author admits geogra- phical distribution as a secondary character in separating allied forms, but distinguishes between the relations which such forms H 2 100 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. bear to each otliei% calling them representative species or local races/^ according to the amount of variation. He recog- nizes 13 species in all^ three of which are local races of C. aquaticus and three more of C. pallasi. Besides these there are four representative species — two of C aquaticus, one (sp. n.) of C. meosicanus, and one of C. leuconotus. C. sordidus stands alone. An excellent diagnostic and synonymatic list follows these remarks. Cinclus aquaticm of Britain and Central Europe is distinct from ^urnus cinclus, Linn., — this, which is the exclusively northern form, being C. melano^ gaster, and occurring occasionally in England and as far south further east as Erzeroom. Id, ut supra, pp. 113-117. This last, however, breeds in the Pyrenees : H. B. Tristram, Ibis, 1867, pp. 460, 467. C. ardesiacus is a new species from Veragua, allied to C. mexicanus but smaller, of a pale ash-colour, with a long bill and legs. O. Salvin, ut suprd, p. 121, pi. ii. Turdid^. Wiese, — . Ber Drosselfang. Journ. fiir Orn. 1867, pp. 70, 71. No remarks of very general interest. The specimen taken near Miinster (Zool. Bee. iii. p. 94) and recorded as Tiirdus atrigularis proves to bo 2'. ruficollis. B. Altum, J, f. 0. 1867, pp. 109, 110. Turdus merula, the first migration of the j'^oung is southward to meet the early fruit, they subsequently advance in a body northward, following the ripening berries, II. Blake-Knox, Zool. S. S. p. 684. Figured : J. Gould, B. Gr. Br. part xii. j E. Bettoni, Ucc. Ijomb. tav. 14. Turdus naumanni, Teinm., is a variety of T. iliacus. C. F. Dubois, Arch. Cosmol. 1867, p. 128. Turdus viscivorus is figured. E. Bettoni, Ucc. Lomb. tav. 19. Turdus protomomelas is described as a new species from the Himalayas, allied to T. chrysolaus and T. hortulorum. The tj^pe is in the Berlin Mu- seum. J. Cabanis, J. f. 0. 1867, pp. 286, 287. Turdus phesojiggius, Cab. (Schomb., Beise Guian. iii. p. 666), juv., is de- scribed and figured. P. L. Sclater & O. Salvin, P. Z. S, 1867, p. 668, pi. xxix. Ihjpsipetes crassirostris is a new species from the Seychelles, much lilce II. olivaeetts of Mauritius, but with a stronger bill, and the throat, breast, and belly yellowish. E. Newton, P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 344, 345; Ibis, 1867, pp. 344, 345. Ilypsipetes nivciceps (Zool. Bee. i. p. 80) has been sent from Northern China by Mgr. Perny. J. P. Verreaux, B. Z. 1867, p. 172. Andropadus Jlavescem is a new species from Zanzibar, very like A. insidaris from Madagascar in colour, but considerably smaller. There are now eight species of the genus known. G. Ilartlaub, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 825. Crateropus acacice occurs in Tripoli. W. T. II. Chambers, Ibis, 1867, pp. 101, 104. Pericrocotus andamanensis, Tytler,” is described as a new species from the Andamans, hitherto confounded with P. hrevirostris ; but it is apparentlv AVES, 101 smaller and has the scarlet plumage of P. speciostts. R. C. Beavan, Ihis^l867, p. 322. Closely resembling P. xanthogastcr (Raffles). Lcl. Walden, he. cit. Mimus {Leucomimi(s) polgglottus, vai*. hahamensis is doubtfully described from Inagua in the Bahamas ; but the differences are said to be very slight. H. Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. II. 1866, p. 68. M. polyglottusy var. dominicus, is described from St. Domingo. Id. tom. cit. p. 93. Mimus caruncidatus ” (Zool. Rec. iii. p. 93) is referred to the genus An- thoclucray and called A. hulleri. O. Finsch, J. f. 0. 1867, pp. 342, 343. Criniger tristis is a riew species from Malacca, the size of C. rujicaudatus (sc. phceocephalus') , but with a smaller bill. E. Blyth, Ibis, 1865, p. 47 : 0. Finsch, J. f. 0. 1867, p. 18. Finsch, Otto. Ueber die Arten iind das Genus Criniger. Journ. fiir Orn. 1867, pp. 1-36. An excellent monograph, and of great utility to the student of the group. The author recognizes 30 species and gives their diagnoses. Three arc new : — Criniger charlottce [lege carlottaf\ from Borneo and Sumatra, like C. iristisy Blyth (Ibis, 1865, p. 47), but with the tail whole-coloured. Id. ut supra, pp. 10 and 19; C. hemmeleni from Borneo, with loral streak and under parts yeUowish- white, the rectrices with white tips on their inner webs. It is Tricliopho- roropsis typus, Bp. 0. R. 1854, p. 69. Id. ut supra, pp. 11 and 29; and . C. chloris from Ilalmaheira, Batchian, and Morty, like C. affinis, Hombr. &; Jacq., but having no yellow tip to the tail, and narrower loral streaks. It is C. snujlcx, Wallace (nec Tomm.), Ibis, 1862, p. 320, and C. Jlavicaudus, Q. R. Gray {iiec. Bp.), P. Z. S. 1860, p. 351 ; Id. ut suprk, pp. 12 and 36. . Nachtrag zur Monographic des Genus Criniger. Tom^ cit. pp. 107, 108. The author adds notices of two additional species to those in- cluded in the first paper. lole virescens, Blyth (J. A. S. B. xiv. p. 673), is to be called I. viridescens, since Ixus virescens, Temni., should be referred to lole, and this name has priority. E. Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 7. Cinclocerthia rujicauda, C. macrorhynclia (Zool. Rec. iii. p. 94), and C. gutturalis are figured. P. L. Sclater and 0. Salvin, Ex. Orn. pis. 10-12. CicJdojJsis leucogenys (Zool. Rec. i. p. 79) is figured. lid. ut supra, pi. 19. Myiadestes (Zool. Rec. iii. p. 89) ohscurus, M. unicolor, M. ralloides, and M. elisahethee are figured. lid. ut supret, pis. 25-28. Pctrocossyphus saxatilis, on changes in its plumage. A, von Pelikan, Sit- zungsb. z.-b. Gesellsch. Wien, 1867, pp. 117, 118. Sylviid^. Kuim, — VON. Ueber die Abnahme der Siugvogel im siidwestlichen Deutschland. Wiirttemberg. naturwiss. Jahreshefte, 1867, pp. 75, 76. * Not to be mistaken for Mimus {Scotiomimus) hahamensis, Bryant, Proc. Boston Soc. N. H. vii. p. 114; Baird, Rev. Am. B. i. p. 52. 102 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. A few remarks on the destruction of singing-birds by the Italians, which helps to depopulate south-western Germany, Saxicola leuco})ygia (A. E. Brehm) is S. leucocephala (A. E. Brehm) at a less advanced age, and S, pallida, Blipp., is S. monacha, Biipp., $ . E. 0. Taylor, Ibis, 1807, pp. 68, 69. Saxicola erythropygia is the name proposed for a bird very like S. philo- thamna, Tristr., but having the rectrices white, broadly tipped with black, and the rump chestnut-red. Id. ut supra, pp. 60, 61. Saxicola and Dromolcca. Notes on the different species in Palestine. H. B. Tristram, Ibis, 1867, pp. 91-97. Dromolcca nigra appears to be described as a new species from the Alge- rian Sahara. — Loche, Expl. scient. de I’Alg. Ois. i. pp. 200, 201. Dromolcea alhipileata is described as a new species from Dombe, West Africa ; very like D. monticola, Vieill. ? ” (of which a description is also given), but larger, with the whole head and nape pure white, a longer tail, and the external rectrix white on both sides. J. V. Barboza du Bocage, Jom. Scienc. Lisboa, 1867, p. 161. Referred to D. cequatorialis, Hartl. (J. f. 0. 1861, p. 112). Id. tom. cit. p. 838. Mhodophila melanoleuca, Jerdon, is referred to the genus Oreicola, Bp. j and its specific name being already occupied there, it is proposed to be called O. jerdoni. E. Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 14. Ftatincola horhonica is described as a new species from Reunion. A. Grandidier, R, Z. 1867, pp. 88, 369. Identified with Motacilla horhonica, Bory de St. Vincent. H. Schlegel & F. Pollen, Rech. Faun. Madag. pp. 93, 94. Muticilla , specimens from Loando and Benguela are doubtfully de- scribed as belonging to a new species, but left unnamed. J. V. Barboza du Bocage, Jom. Sc. Lisboa, 1867, p. 136. Referred to Saxicola familiaris, Bp. : Id. tom. cit. p. 338. Cyanecula suecica (Zool. Rec. iii. p. 96) seen again in the Isle of Wight, 17th Sept. 1866. II. Iladfield, Zoologist, S. S. pp. 732, 733. Not again ob- served. Id. tom. cit. p. 821. Luscinia philomela is figured. J. Gould, B. Gr. Br. part xi. Tarsiger cucidlatus, Gould,” is described as a new species. E. Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 16. Identified with Pogonocichla stellata (Vieill.) (P. margarita, Sundevall). G. R. Gray, tom. cit. p. 884. Callenc alhiventris, Fairbank,” is a new species from the Pulney Hills in Southern India, similar in form to C. rujiventris, Blyth, but smaller and differing widely in colour, being much bluer above, with a distinct light blue, almost whitish, frontal band, and having no trace of the ferruginous abdo- men. C. frontalis is larger still, with a longer tail, and has the frontal band darker blue and the abdomen grey. W. T, Blanford, P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 832- 834, pi. xxxix. Irania Jinoti (Zool. Rec. ii. p. 113) is said to be Bessornis alhigularis $ (Zool. Rec. i. p. 80 ; iii. p. 96), of which species both sexes are figured. II. B, Tristram, Ibis, 1867, pp. 89-91, pi. i. [It is supposed also to be identical with Cossypha gutturalis, Gu^r. (R. Z. 1843, p. 162), Ferret & Galinier, Voy. Abyss, iii. pp. 201, 202 ; Atlas, Zool. pi. 5, from Abyssinia ! T. Salvadori, Atti Accad. Sc. Torino, 1868, p. 286.] Campicola livingstonii is a new species from the Zambesi, where it repre- AVES. 103 sents C. pileata, differing from it in being smaller, with less white on the forehead and black on the occiput, a darker back, and only a narrow gorget. II. 11. Tristram, P. Z, S. 1807, pp. 887, 888. Pycttopfilus Jloccosus (Zool. Rec. iii. p. 96) is not uncommon in the Yarra Mountains. F. M^Coy, Ann. & Mag. N. II. 3rd ser. xx. p. 177. Gerygonc personaia (Zool. Rec. iii. p. 95) is figured. J. Gould, B. Austral Suppl, part iv. Calamoherpe breeds near Naumburg. 0. Jex, Zool. Garten, 1867, pp. 404, 405, and 482. Id. J. f. 0. 1867, pp. 366-358. Acroccphalm australis is figured. S, Biggies, Orn. Austral, part xiy. Calamoherpe arundinacea (Gm.) is figured. E. Bettoni, Ucc. Lomb. tav. 10. Cettia {Potamodus) orientaUs is a new species from Palestine, yery like C. sericea, but with a longer and broader bill, and the lower parts of an oliye hue. H. B. Tristram, Ibis, 1867, p. 79. Sylvia aqitatica has occurred again in England. J. E. Harting, Zoologist, S. S. pp. 946, 947 ; Ibis, 1867, pp. 408, 409. “ Suya yanyetica, Jerdon,’’ is a new species from the Upper Ganges. E. Blyth,’ Ibis, 1867, p. 23. Franklinia cleyhorniee, Jerdon,” is described from the district north-west of Delhi as a race of F. huchanani, diftering in haying the upper parts pale rufescent-brown, deepening on the crown. E. Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 24. Fllisia lantzi and F. chloropetoides are described as new species from Mada- gascar. A. Grandidier, R. Z. 1867, pp. 86, 256. The last is subsequently re- feiTed to the genus Prinia. Orthotomus salvadoi'ce, P. Wiirt.” (Naumannia, 1867, p. 433), is described. It is referred to Camaroptera and is a good species. T, v. Heiiglin, J, f. 0. 1807, p. 200. Thimeiieola hrumeipectus is described as a new species, probably from the Himalaya, allied to D. ajffinis (Hodgs.), but with less broad white tips to the lower tail-coyerts. E. Blyth, Ibis, 1867, pp. 19, 20. Sylvia concolor^ d’Orb., is referred to Tanayridce and made the type of a new genus, Xenospinyus. J. Cabanis, J. f. 0. 1867, pp. 347-349. Sylvia sordida, P. ’Wiirt.” (Naumannia, 1867, p. 433), is described. It is a Curruca, plainly distinct from C. luyens, Riipp. (Wirbelth. taf. 42. fig. 2). T. y. Heuglin, J. f. 0. 1807, pp. 294, 295. Sylvia howmanni is a new species from Palestine, very like S. melano- cephala, but of a lighter build, with the black cap better defined, and the upper parts pale ash-colour. II. B. Tristram, Ibis, 186.7, p. 86. Eremomela parvula, P. Wiirt.” (Naumannia, 1867, p. 433), is an JEyitha^ lus, and probably AE. punctattis, Sundev. T. y. Heuglin, J. f. O. 1867, p. 300. Drymoeca cinerascens is an undescribed species from Sennaar and Keren. T. V. Heuglin, J. f. 0. 1807, pp. 296, 297. Brymoeca eremita is a new species, from Palestine, most nearly allied to D. striaticeps, Tristr. (Ibis, 1869, p. 68), from the Sahara, but having the dark striae on the head and neck extending further down, a distinct white eyebrow, the throat and breast striated with black, and the flanks of a deeper russet. II. B. Tristram, Ibis, 1867, p. 76. “ Drymceca ? ” Antinori (Cat. Ucc. Affr. centr. p. 37), is very like D. 104 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATUttE. rvJicepSf and has been named by Div Salvadori antinorii” T. v. Ileuglin, J. f.0. 1867, p. 202. Drymcscai?) troglodytes (Zool. Rec. i. p. 81) is D. fcrruginea^ Henglin. JLdit loCt citi Eremomela (?) canesccns (Zool. Rec. i. p. 81) is E. eleyans^ Ileuglin. Id, loo, cit. Eroessa tenella (Zool. Rec. iii. p. 96) is figured. H. Schlegel & F. P. L. ollen, Rech. Faun. Madag. p. 92, pi. 18, fig. 2. Ahrornis macidipe^mis is described as a new species from Nepaul or Sikhim, allied to A super ciliarisy Tickell, but with two distinct yellowish-white wing- bands and an oval spot at the tip of the outer web of each tertial. E. Blyth, ^ Ibis, 1867, p. 27. Regtdus cristatus and E. ignicapilhis in captivity. — Hahn, J. f. 0. 1867, pp. 211-214. Motacillid^. Motacilla leucomclccna, P. Wiirt.” (Naumannia, 1867, p. 433), is a deeply coloured old male of M. capensis. T. v. Ileuglin, J. f. 0. 1867, p. 297. Motacilla yarrelli ( cf, $, and juv.) and M. alba are figured. J. Gould, B. Gr. Br. part xii. Anthus calthropcen^ described as a new species fr’om a living bird in the author’s possession at Cape Town. E. L. Layard, B. S. Afr. pp. 121, 122. Anthus rosaceusj Hodgson, from the Himalaya, with yellow primaries, is distinct from A, cervinus (Pall.), which probably does not occur in India. E. Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 32, note. Anthus australis, Cinclorhanphus cantillans, and C, rufescens are figured. S. Biggies, Orn. Austral, part xii. Atithus ohscurus and A. spinoletta (Zool. Rec. ii. p. 115) are figured, J. Gould, B. Gr. Br. part xi. j also A, richardi, Id. op. cit. part xii. • TROGLODYTIDiE, Cyphorhinm lawrencii (Zool. Rec. i. p. 81), C. plueocephalus, Troglodytes solstitialis, and T. brunneicollis are figured. P. L. Sclater & 0. Salvin, Ex. Orn. pis. 21-23. CERTHIIDiE. Gould, John. On the Australian Genus Climacteris, with a Description of a New Species. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 975-977. The group is structurally as distinct from Cert/iia as from Siita; hut the reasons for this opinion are not stated. The new species, making the seventh known, is called Climacteris pyrrhonota. It generally resembles C.leucophcea $, except in the rust-red of the lower part of the back, rump, and upper tail-coverts. J. Gould, ut supra. Xenicus yilvxventris is described as a new species from New Zealand. A. V. Pelzeln, Verb, zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, 1867, p. 316. SiTTIDiE. ^itta europcea is figured. E. Bettoni, Ucc. Lomb. tav. 7. AVES. 105 Paridaj. Pants ccerulcuSf a variety of a uniform yellow killed in Scotland. J. A. Smith, Proc. R. Phys. Soc. Edinb. iii. pp. 207, 208. Partis major and P. cristatus are figured. J. Gould, B. Gr. Br. parts xi., xii. The former also, E. Bettoni, Ucc. Lomb. tav. 22. Lophophanes inornatus is figured. D. G. Elliot, B. N. Am. part v. Penthestes melanoleucus, P. Wiirt.” (Naumannia, 1857, p. 433), is Parus leucopterus, Swains., Avith which also P. leucomelas, Riipp. (N. Wirbelth. taf. 37. fig. 2), is identical. T. v. Ileuglin, J. f. 0. 1867, p. 296. Mclaniparus dorsatus (Rupp. Syst. Uebers. p. 42, taf. 18) is identical with Parus leuconotus, Guer.-Mcnev. (R, Z. 1843, p. 162). Id. tom. cit. p. 297. Mecistura caudata is figured. E. Bettoni, Ucc. Lomb. tav. 12. Malurid^. Sphcnura hroadhenii is described as a neAV species ” from Victoria, easily distinguished from the two known ones by the greater length of the wing, tarsus, and bill, as well as the rufous head and ears and the greyish-white over the front of the eye. F. M'Coy, Ann. & Mag. N. II. 3rd ser. xix, p. 186 (March 1807). It was exhibited as ^‘a new species P?. Trans. & Proc. R. S. Victoria, viii. part i. p. 41 (May 1867) ; Ann. & Mag. N. II. 3rd ser. xx. p. 177. Figured, X Gould, B. Austral. vSiippl. part. iv. Sphmoeacus galactodcs and 8. f/ramineus are figured. S. Biggies, Orn. Austral, part xiii. Atrichia rufescens (Zool. Rec. iii. p. 97) is figured. J. Gould, B. Austral. Suppl. part iv. Maltirus callaimis is a neAv species from South Australia, closely allied to M. mclanonotus and M. splendcns. J. Gould, P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 302, 303. Fi- gured. Id. B. Austral. Suppl. part iv. Malurus hypoleucus is a new species, probably from Cape York, easily dis- tinguished from every known one by the uniform dull blue of the whole upper and the equally uniform light hue of the lower surface. Id. Ann. & Mag. N. II. 3rd ser. xix. p. 369. Figured. Id. B. Austral. Suppl. part iv. Malurus huconotus is figured. Id. B. Austral. Suppl. part iv. Tanagridas. Puphoma riijivertex (Zool. Rec. iii. p. 98) is identical with P. annm (Op. cit. ii. p. 117). The last name has priority. 0. Salvin, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 137. Puphonia purpurea is a new species, from an unknown locality in South America. It comes nearest to P. violacea, but is smaller, and the upper plumage is entirely of a violet-purple. G. N. Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. N. York, 1867, pp. 466, 467. Tanac/rcUa duhusi, from Ecuador, is described and figured ns a new species. C. F. Dubois, Arch. Cosmol. 1867, p. 118, pi. vii. [Identical with Cldoro- cJirysa calliparia (Tsch.). P. L. Sclater, Ibis, 1868, pp. 112, 113.] Phcenicothraupis vinacea is described as a new species from New Granada, probably most nearly resembling P. ruhica ; but its deep and nearly uniform vinaceous colour will distinguish it from all the rest. G. N. Lawrence, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1867, p. 94. 106 ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. Lanio aurantias and L. Imcothorax are figured. P. L. Sclater & O. Salvin, Ex. Orn. pis. 31, 32. Tachyphonus rubrifrons (Zool. Pec. ii. p. 117) is proposed to be called T. propinquus, it being discovered that the red on the forehead of the type was due to a stain. G. N. Lawrence, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1867, p. 94. Buarremcm mesoxanthus, 0. Salvin (P. Z. S. I860, p. 72), is identical with B. crassirostris (Zool. Pec. ii. p. 117). The last name has priority, and the species is figured under it. 0. Salvin, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 140, pi. xiv. Buarremm Jlavovirem is a new species from Ecuador, difiering from all others of the genus in its almost entire uniformity of colour. G. N. Law- rence, Ann. Lyc. N. York, 1867, p. 467. - Saltator plumhiceps^ Baird,” is a new species from Mazatlan, and the most northern representative of the genus known. It approaches 8. rujiventrisj Vig. {8. viyorsi, Gray), but is lighter beneath, the abdomen and crissum not being rufous, and the superciliary streak extending beyond the eye. It has also some resemblance to 8. grandis, but is much paler beneath, the head lighter, and the black throat-stripe narrow, with a small line above it. G. N. Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. N. York, 1867, pp. 477, 478. 8ylv{a concolovy d’Orb., is referred to the Pityline group of Tanagers, and made the type of a new genus, Xenospingus, the precise characters of which, however, are not laid down. J. Cabanis, J. f. 0. 1867, pp. 347-349. Bitylus ( Caryothraustes) humeralis is a new species from Bogota, not re- sembling any other in the distribution of its colours, but in dimensions much like P. poliogasteVf though the bill is a trifie smaller. G. N. Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. N. York, 1867, pp. 467, 468. Ploceid^e. Loxia africana, P. Wiirt.” (Naumannia, 1857, p. 433), seems to be the young of Quelea oi'ienUdis, a conspecies of Q. sangumirostris. T. v. Ileuglin, J. f. 0, 1867, pp. 297, 299, 391, 392. Blocms solitarius, P. hccmaiocephaluSy P. mclanocephalus, irndi P,Jlavomar-‘ gimtiiSf P, WUrt.’’ (Naumannia, 1867, p. 433), are respectively P. textor ( $ or in winter dress), 8ycobius mclanotis, Ilyphantornu axillaris , and P. vitel- linus (in winter). Id. tom. cit. pp. 297-299. The third of these, II. axillaris, was in 1866 described as Bloceus ” (Zool. Bee. ii. p. 118). The spe- cific name under which it appears in the Duke’s list having been already be- stowed on one of the genus, a new one is now given to it. Id. tom. cit. p. 298. Ploceus pyrrhocephalus, Hough (J. f. 0. 1864, p. 247), \^8ycobius melano- tis. Id. tom. cit. pp. 272, 273. Euplectes pyrrhozonuy Ileugl. (J. f. O. 1864, p. 247), is B. Jlammiceps. Id. tom. cit. pp. 273, 274. B. strictos, Heugl. (Sitz. k.-k. Akad. Wien, 1856, p. 291), is B. habessinica. Id. tom. cit. pp. 376, 377. Ploceus affinis, Heugl. (Sitz. k.-k. Akad. Wien, 1856, p. 289), is P. inter- thudiuSj Riipp. Id. tom. cit. pp. 383, 384. P. aurantiiceps, Heugl. (Sitz. k.-k. Akad. Wien, 1856, p. 290), and P. chry- sopygus (Zool. Bee. i. p. 84), are referred to P. vitellinus. Id. tom. cit. pp. 384, 385. Ploceus sakalava certainly did come from Madagascar, and is quite different from P. (Nelictirvius) pensilis. G. Hartlaub, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 823. AVES. 107 Ploceus algondm (Zool. Eec. iii. p. 99) is figured. II. Schlegel & F. P. L. Pollen, Rech. Faun. Madag. pi. 34. figs. 1, 2. Textor castaneoauratus (Zool. Rec. i. p. 84) is possibly identical with P. melanocejylialui}, Pr. W. v. Wurtemberg (Icon. pi. 43 a) (qu. nomen ineditum ?). T. V. Heuglin, J. f.0. 18G7, p. 205. Hyphantornis haglefecht, Blyth (J. A. S. B. xxiv. 1866, p. 301), is called II. somalensis. T. v. Heuglin, J. f. 0. 1867, pp. 379,380. Hyphantornis eethiops, from Abyssinia, in the Leyden Museum, is described as resembling Ploceus larvatus. Id. tom. cit. p. 380. Ilahropyga rara (Zool. Rec. i. p. 84) is confounded with Estrelda melano- gastray Heuglin (J. f. 0. 1863, p. 273). Id. tom. cit. p. 206. Ploceus aurantius and P. leucophthalmus, Heugl. (Sitz. k.-k. Akad. Wien, 1866, p. 290), are referred to Hyphantornis guerini. Id. tom. cit. p. 888. Hyphantornis concolor^ from Nubia, in the Leyden Museum, is described as resembling P. aurifrons, but much smaller, and with trace of a dark spot be- fore the eye. Id. tom. cit. p. 389. H. chrysomelas, Heugl. (J. f. 0. 1862, p. 25), is H. personata (Cassin). Id. tom. cit, p. 390. Foudia sechellarum is a new species from Marianne in the Seychelles, dusky brown in winter plumage, with the forehead, occiput, and chin tinged with golden-yellow. The breeding-plumage of the male is unknown. E. Newton, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 346 ; Ibis, 1867, pp. 353, 364. Foudia eminentissima, Bp. (Consp. Av. i. p. 446), from Zanzibar, is rede- scribed and figured from the original unique type. X P. Verreaux, Bull. N. Arch. Mus. iii. pp. 7, 8, pi. 2. fig. 2. Sycobius . An immature specimen, from Rio Quilo, Cabinda, of a supposed new species allied to S, cristatus is described. J. V. Barboza du Bo- cage, .Torn. Scienc. Lisboa, March 1867, p. 140. Fringilla molyhdocephala^ Heugl. (Sitz. k.-k. Akad. Wien, 1866, p. 293), is Nigrita arnaudi, Puch.,” Bp. (Consp. Av. i. p. 444). T. v. Heuglin, J. f. 0. 1867, p. 371. Coliuspasser phoeniceusy Heugl. (Sitz. k.-k. Akad. Wien, 1866, p. 291), is Vidua axillaris. Id. tom. cit. pp. 396, 396. Munia helaarti is the name given to the Cinghalese species, hitherto con- founded with M. pectoralis. E. Blyth, Ibis, 1867, pp. 299, 300. Fringillidte. Pheucticus tibialis, Baird,” is a new species from Costa Rica, bearing a general resemblance to P. chrysogaster, but with a shorter and stouter bill, the colour darker beneath, and the inner edge of the bend of the wing black j the tail is immaculate, and the only white on the wing is a spot at the base of the primaries. G. N. Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. N. York, 1867, pp. 478, 479. Oryzoborus melas is a new species from Pebas in Eastern Peru, allied to O. crassirostris, but with a thinner bill, a wider white wing-spot, and the rump- feathers not marked inwardly with white. P. L. Sclater & 0. Salvin, P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 979, 980. Spermophila atriceps, Baird,” from Mazatlan, allied to 8. torqueola, but with the lower part of the back olivaceous instead of black, and other dis- tinguishing features. G. N. Ijawrence, Ann, Lyc, N, York, 1867, pp. 479, 480. - . ■ 108 ZOOLOGICAL LlTEllATUllE. Poospka bonapaHii is described and figured as a new species from Western Peru, like P. torquala, but having scarcely a tinge of red on the rump and the bill thicker, longer, and flesh-coloured at base. It may, however, pos- sibly bo identical with P. clominicensisj Bp. (Oonsp. Ay. i. p. 473). P. L. Sclater, P. Z. S. 1807, p. 341, pi. xx. Chlorospiza [?']phimbea and Sycalis aurewentrh (Zool. Bee. ii. p. 118). A Spanish version of their descriptions. L. Landbeck, Anal. Univers. Chile, 1864, pp. 341-345. Coturniciilus mexicamts is described as a new species from Western Mexico. It is a northern form of C. manimbe and C. peruanmy in colour most resem- bling the former. G. N. Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. N. York, 1867, pp. 475, 476. [Probably identical with Peuccea hotteri, Sclat. (P. Z. S. 1857, p. 214). 0. Salvin, Ibis, 1868, p. 116.] Pyryisoma xantusi, Baird,” is described as a new species from Western Mexico, very similar in size and appearance to P. biai'cuatum, but without the white crescent on the side of the neck, and having the cheeks olive. Notes on the species last named and also P. kieneri are added. G. N. Law- rence, Ann. Lyc. N. York, 1867, pp. 480, 481. [P. xantusi is apparently identical with Melozone ruhricata (Cab., Mus. Hein. i. p. 140). 0. Salvin, Ibis, 1868, p. 116.] Passerculus yuttatus is a new species from Lower California, resembling P. rosiratus in the size and form of the bill, but it is very much darker above, and differs from all its allies in the obscure greyish colouring of this part, and in being more closely spotted beneath. G. N. Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. N. York, 1867, p. 473. Passerculus alaudinus is figured. I). G. Elliot, B. N. Am. part iii. Zonotrichia boucardi is a new species from Mexico, much allied to Peucceuy in which genus it might perhaps be placed. The colours of the head and upper back much resemble those of P. cestivalis ; but the red markings are rather brighter. P. L. Sclater, P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 1, 2, pi. i. Zonotrichia melanotis is described as a new and well-marked species from Western Mexico, with a large bill, and readily known by the four strongly defined black stripes on the head, separated by three greyish-white ones. G. N. Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. N. York, 1867, pp. 473, 474. [Possibly the same as Hcemopkila humeralisy Cab. (Mus. Hein. i. p. 132). 0. Salvin, Ibis, 1868, p. 115.] Zonotrichia belli is figured. D. G. Elliot, B. N. Am. part vi. Pyryita fazoylensisy P, cdhirinay and P. pectoralisy P. Wiirt.” (Naumannia, 1867, p. 433), are refeived, the first to Xanthodira dentatUy Sundev., the second and last to local races of P. domestica. P. crassirostris, from the Duke Paul’s collection, is a large deeply coloured P. swainsoni. T. v. Heuglin, J. f. 0. 1867, p. 299. Pyryita montana and Passer italice are figured. E. Bettoni, tavv. 9, 13. Passer canicapillus is, with doubt, described as a new species from South- eastern Asia, of the size and proportions of P. Jiavicollis, but with a grey cap and rufous-brown supercilia. E. Blyth, Ibis, 1865, p. 46. Montifrinyilla adamsi is figured. J. Gould, B. As. part xix. Frinyilla moreleti is identical with F. tintiUon, .T. V. Barboza du Boenge, Jorn. Sc. Lisboa, 1866, p. 92. Frinyilla coelebs and Chlorospiza chloris are figured. E. Bettoni, Ucc. Lomb. tavv. 11, 21. AVES. 109, Pyrrhitla murina (cf. Zool. Rec. iii. p. 99), its distinctness from P, coccinea impugned. J. V. Barboza du Bocago, Jorn. Sc. Lisboa, 1860, p. 92. [C/*. Ibis, 1868, p. 344.] Pyrrhula vulyaris is figured. J. Gould, B. Gr. Br. part xi. Pyrrlmla crythrina, notes on its habits. — Huene, J. f. 0. 1867, pp. 235-237. Pinicola enucleator is figured. J. Gould, B. Gr. Br. part xii. Pyrenestes melanotus, Heugl. (.1. f. 0. 1863, pp. 21, 163), is P. frontalis. T. V. Heuglin, J. f. 0. 1867, p. 366. Loxia curvirostra is exonerated from the charge of damaging the shoots of '• fir-trees. A. Rose, Zoolog. Garten, 1867, pp. 12-17, 476-480 ; A. Hellmann, to7n, cit. pp. 360, 361. Clwysomitris (Loxwiitris) dominiccnsis is a new species from Western St. Domingo, normal as far as colour goes, but in form of the bill (which with that of C. notata is figured) approaching Loxia (!). A. Bryant, Proc. Boston Soc. N.H.1866,pp.93,94. Chrysomitris spinus is figured. J. Gould, B. Gr. Br. part xii. JEgiothus exilipes is figured. D. G. Elliot, B. N. Am. part iii. Serinns Ixdeolus is stated to be extending its range in Germany towards the north. A. v. Ilomeyer, J. f. 0. 1867, p. 287. Serinns Jlavifi'onSyP, Wiirt.” (Naumannia, 1867, p. 433), is Orithagra persoxxata^ Swains. T, t. Ileugliii/ J. f. 0. 1867, p. 297. Amandina optata is a new species from the Navigator’s Islands, greatly re- sembling the Australian A. temporalis, but differing in the pale colour of the chin, throat, and sides of the head. 0. Finsch &; G. Hartlaub, Beitr. Faim. Centralpolyn. p. 102, taf. x. fig. 1. Brythnira cyanomrens is figured, lid. ut suprh, taf. ix. fig. 3, Emberizidas. Bmhe^'iza xanihogastra, P. Wiirt.” (Naumannia, 1857, p. 433), is sup- , posed to be a hiehlv coloured Fx'inqillaria itaviaaster (Rupp. Atl. taf. 25). T. v. Heuglin, J. f. O. 1867, p. 297. Bmheriza passer ina, notes on. J. Vian, R. Z. 1867, pp. 199-206. Bmhex'iza gigliolii is a new species from China, hitherto confounded (P. Z. S. 1863, p. 300) with B. ciopsis, Bp. R. Swinhoe, Ibis, 1867, pp. 393, 394. Bxnheriza citrinella is figured. E, Bettoni, Ucc. Lomb. tav. 23. Bmhex'izaintsillais, figured. ,T. Gould, B. As. part xix. Centrophanes lapponica ( (^, $ , & juv.) is figured. Id. B. Gr. Br. part xii. Pipilo alhigula is figured. 1). G. Elliot, B. N. Am. part. iv. AlAUDIDA3. Calandrella — . An unnamed species, resembling C. hrachydactyla, but smaller, with a shorter tail and stouter bill,) is recorded from Benguela. J. V. Barboza du Bocage, Jorn. Scienc. Lisboa, March 1867, p. 152. Mirafra horsfieldi is figured. S. Biggies, Orn. Austral, part xiv. Alauda arhorea, unusually abundant in England in 1867. T. E Gunn» Zool. S. iS. p. 634 ; Lord (Jlifton, tom. cit. p. 706 j II. Stevenson, tom. cit. p. 729; W. Jeffery, toxn. cit, p. 756; F. Bond and E. ^Newman, toxn. cit, p. 792. Melaxiocorypha xxiaxixxia, Gould,” is mentioned as a new species from , Affghanistan, with a remarkably slender bill. E, Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 46, note. Figured. J. Gould, B. As, part xix. no ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. I)/rrhulauda affinis and P. sindpitalis are two new species — the first from Madras, very like the Nubian P. cruciatay but with a black crown, a broad white forehead, and a smaller black nape-spot j the second from Aden, like P. griseay but with the crown and nape sooty-black, and two white sincipi- tal spots. E. Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 185. ICTERIDiE. Cassin, John. A third study of the Icteridce, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1867, pp. 45-74. The first and second papers on this group were I’ecorded by us last year (p. 101). This one, which is very elaborate, treats of the Icterlnaiy including the genera Icterus y five divi- sions (Icterus proper, Euopsary Andriopsar, Ateleopsar, and Cas- siculoides)y Pendulinus, also with five divisions (BananivoruSy Po- liopsary Melanopsary IcterioideSy and Pendulinus proper), Hy- phanteSy with three divisions (Hyphantes proper, Melanophantes y 2indi Aporoptiantes) y CassicuSy with five divisions Cassi- cuius y OstinopSy OcyaluSy and Clypicterus) y 2mdi Amblycercus. Five species are described as new. Icterus graysoni is a now species from the Tres Marias Islands, west coast of Mexico, resembling I. pustulatus, but larger, and with few or no spots on the back. Idcmy ut suprhy pp. 48, 49. Icterus (JSuojJsar') sclateri is a new species from Nicaragua and Guate- mala, resembling I. pustulcdusy but somewhat larger, of a rather pale orange- yellow, with the back black, and less white on the wings. It also somewhat resembles J. gularis, but is much smaller. It is I. mentalisy Less,,” Sclat- Cat. A. B. p. 134. Ideniy ut suprd, p. 49. Icterus (^Andriopsar) salvini is a new species from Costa Pica, Nicaragua, and New Granada, very like I, mesomelaSy but larger, and has the wing entirely black, or narrowly edged on the primaries only, Jdm, ut suprd, pp. 51, 52. • Icterus (Andriopsar) grace-annce [1] is a new species, probably from Peru, about the size of I, xanthornisy but in colour much resembling I, mesomelas, Idemy ut suprd, p. 52. Cassicus melanurus is a new species, resembling C. pei'siausy but with the tail and under tail-coverts entirely black, and founded on a specimen in the Massena collection (now at Philadelphia) labelled Guayaquil.” Idemy ut suprdy p. 66. Icterus pustidatus is figured. |P. L. Sclater & 0. Salvin, Ex. Orn, pi. 24. SxURNIDiE. Calornis hittlitzi is a new species, from Oualan in the Caroline Islands, most resembling Lamprotornis corvinUy Kittlitz, but easily distinguishable by its shorter and, at the base, thicker bill. It is L. columhinay Kittl. (Kupfert. ii. p. 11, pi. 16. fig. 2) (nec Gmel.) and C. opaca (pt.), G. E. Gray (B. Trop, Isl. Pacif. p. 26). O. Finsch & G. Ilartlaub, Beitr, Faun. Centralpolyn, p. 109. Aplonis taluenis (Gmel.) and A. hrevirostrisy Peale, are figured. lid, ut suprdy Taf. x. figg. 2, 3, Aves. ill Acridotheres tristis, on its utility in the destruction of Locusts. A. Vin- son, Bull. Soc. Imp. d’Acclimat. 18G7, pp. 181-189 j A. Qrandidier, tom. cit. pp. 440, 441. Temeriuchus midamanensisj Tytler,” is described as a new species, from the Anadamans, hitherto taken for Sturnia erythropygia ; but it wants the red rump. R. 0. Beavan, Ibis, 1867, pp. 329, 330. " Eulahes andamanensis, Tytler,” from the Andamans, differs from E. reM- giosa in having a stouter bill, and wanting the divisions in the occipital caruncles. R. 0. Beavan, Ibis, 1867, p. 331. Decidedly distinct from E. in- termedia and E. javensis, but possibly identical with Gracxda duhia^ Schl. (N. T. D. 1863, p. 7). Lord Walden, loc. cit. Piilorhynchus rawndcxji is described and figured as a new species from Queensland, resembling both P. holosericeus and Serictdus chrysocephalm (sc. melimis). Indeed the author is doubtful to which of these genera it should be referred. S. Diggles, Orn. Austral, pt. xv. Eight species of this family, referred to the genera Sericulus and PtilorhynchuSj are represented by 36 specimens in the Ley- den Mus6um. II. Schlegel, Mus. P.-B., Coraces, pp. 98, 99, II7-I20. Sericxdus melinus builds a “ bower.” E. P. Ramsay, Ibis, 1867, pp. 456, 457. Sericulus clirysocephalus S and 5, with bower,” are figured. S. Diggles, Orn. Austral, parts xii. and xiii. Clilamydera guttata is figured, j. Gould,. B. Austral. Suppl. part iv. Jidda phocnicopha'a^ P. Wiirt.” (Naumannia, 1857, p. 432), i^Lampro- tornis purpuroptera, Riipp. (Syst. Uebers. p. 64, taf. 25), as is also L,