Soba FS Dig SFO akg Peg: ders AY. ac ~ oy wi ae Se At Rares ' : i i s - : . a m 7 x q : - 7 ; - a ' * 2 > J = > i j i is 7 ‘ . , ae ae se es : 1 ep : vv ie 7 oe - THE LOOLOGY THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. SULPHUR, UNDER THE COMMAND OF CAPTAIN SIR EDWARD BELCHER, R.N., C.B., F.R.G.S., ETC. DURING THE YEARS 1836-42. PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE LORDS COMMISSIONERS OF THE ADMIRALTY. ENited and Duperintenved by RICHARD BRINSLEY HINDS, ESQ., SURGEON, R.N., FELL. ROY. COL. SURG. hi ATTACHED TO THE EXPEDITION. MAMMALIA, BY J. E. GRAY, ESQ. F.R.S., &.— BIRDS, BY J. GOULD, ESQ. F.R.S., &c. FISH, BY¥-J.. RICHARDSON, M.D., F:R.S., &c. LONDON: PUBLISHED BY SMITH, ELDER AND CO., 65, CORNHILL. MDCCCXLIV. 30350 na Bah Ancillaria Buccinum Cancellaria Cardita Cerithium Chiton . Clavatula Columbella Conopleura Conus Corbula Crepidula Cyrena Cyrtulus . Cytherea Daphnella Defrancia Delphinula Erato Fusus Helix Imbricaria Lingula Lucina Mangelia Marginella Melania . Mitra Murex INDEX OF GENERA. | } Nassa Neeera Nucula Ovulum . Paludina . Patella Patelloida Pecten Phos Pleurotoma Psammobia Pythina Pupina Ranella Ringicula Rostellaria Rotella Scalaria Scarabus . Solarium . Tellina Terebra Trichotropis Trilasmis . Triphoris Triton Trophon . Typhis Venus Page. 37 i n . ‘i i” - ori : . . ‘ ~ ‘ ‘ fi ‘ x { : e 24 = * Die i \ i ! ‘ ‘ I i ” F ‘ I t » f ap ¢ i > \ vay 4 = a i Pa ‘ ae 7 —— w * . . ' P ‘| i) ' ‘ | ty n : s ¢ 1? £ - > Le ‘ j 2 i “~ fl fr i = to) ae, a ie Ri by : =" i a i" SUMMARY OF THE VOYAGE, Hrr Majesty’s ship Sulphur, accompanied by her consort the Starling, quitted the coast of England on the 24th December, 1835, for the purpose of prosecuting surveys and scientific enquiries on the shores and among the islands of the Pacific Ocean. On her way to the Brazils, she touched at Madeira and Teneriffe, and on the 19th February, 1836, anchored at Rio Janeiro. After a short stay, she sailed for St. Catherine’s, which she reached on the 28th. The vessel requiring a thorough refit previous to her doubling Cape Horn, some weeks were consumed here, during which time the vegeta- tion of the surrounding beautiful shores was examined, and the nucleus of the future collections formed. On the morning of the 28th March, she again weighed anchor, ran into Monte Video for a few hours, thence proceeded to Cape Horn, and, after a tedious passage, arrived at Valparaiso, in 33° S. lat., on the 9th June. The health of Captain Beechey, who had hitherto held the command, being such as to render his return to England necessary, Lieut.-Commander Kellett now took charge of the Sulphur, and preparations were actively made for commencing her surveying duties. The expedition, however, did not quit Valparaiso till the 22nd July, and the interval was occupied in examining the natural history of the neighbourhood, and the Botanical Collector extended his researches to St. Jago. On our way to the northward, Callao, the port of Lima was visited for a few days, Payta for a few hours, and we arrived in the Bay of Guayaquil in 2° 47’ S. lat., the point of commencement of our operations, on the 24th August. From this to Panama, in 8° 57’ N. lat., the coast nearly throughout was closely examined, between the months of September to January inclusive. The various small ports were visited and surveyed, and no opportunities omitted to examine the natural productions. The ship, however, being constantly on the move, no means occurred of visiting the interior, and the labours of the naturalists were necessarily con- fined to the coast. 2 SUMMARY OF THE VOYAGE OF The arrival of Commander Belcher, by the isthmus of Panama, to take the command, gave a new impulse to affairs, particularly as he was much attached to certain depart- ments of Natural History. His cabin was henceforth applied as a museum, and the dredge now began to be frequently in use. On the 15th March, 1837, the Sulphur quitted the Bay of Panama, and proceeded along the coast of Veragua to the northward, during which several places were visited, as calms did not permit of rapid progress. Realejo, in 12° 28’ N. lat., was not reached till the 3rd April, where some short stay was made, and several objects added to the collection; the Botanical Collector also proceeding to Leon. From this she sailed to San Blas, in 21° 32’ N. lat., touching on the way at Libertad and the bay of Manzanilla, and arrived there on the 27th May. The bay and shores were here satisfactorily exammed, and a visit to Tepic produced some botanical collections from its vicinity. On the 10th June, the vessel sailed for the Sandwich Islands, where she arrived on the 17th of the following month. During the passage, numerous sea-birds were sometimes noticed, and occasionally patches of sea- weed. The island of Oahu, where is the principal anchorage, has been so frequently visited and examined, that little novelty was to be expected ; nor were the labours with the dredge within the reefs very profitable, which is perhaps attributable to the quantity of fresh-water discharges by the numerous streams. Still the period from our arrival till our departure on the 27th July was often very agreeably spent among the lovely valleys. Oahu is situated in 21° 17’ N. lat., 158° 0’ W. long. After leaving the Sandwich Islands, we rapidly entered a different climate, as our destination was now a high northern latitude. In crossing the North Pacific, great numbers of *medusz and other marine animals were observed. The new features conse- quent on the change were first witnessed at Rose island, where a party landed for a short time. Here the vegetation and productions were similar in general character to ‘those of home, but had much freshness to us after a residence within the tropics. On the second succeeding day, the 23d August, the vessel anchored in Port Etches, King William’s Sound, in 60°21’ N. lat. The hills around were still covered with broad patches of snow, and the weather was usually wet and uncomfortable. This much retarded our pursuits, and, without much regret, we quitted it for Port Mulgrave, whence, after a visit of a few days, we sailed for Sitka, or New Archangel, in 57° 2’ N. lat. Though the weather was still very unfavourable, the fortnight spent here was busily occupied in examining the neighbourhood, and several short excursions were made through the wet and swampy forest. Conchology was the chief gainer, though the objects obtained by HER MAJESTY’S SHIP SULPHUR. 3 the dredge were neither numerous nor large. Some interesting birds were also added to the collection. On the 27th September, the expedition left Sitka, and directed its course to Nootka Sound, and afterwards to San Francisco, California, in 37° 47’ N. lat. An expedition was immediately planned for examining the extensive inland waters communicating with the harbour of San Francisco. With this object, a flotilla of boats started on the 26th October, and the writer accompanied the party in medical charge. The river Sacramento was ascended a very considerable distance from the ship, through a fine alluvial country. Four weeks were thus spent in the open boats, and such collec- tions made as circumstances permitted, and which did not reach the Su/phur without certain adventures and hair-breadth escapes. San Francisco and its neighbourhood were in the mean time examined by those who remained with the ship. ‘The vessel finally left for the southward on the 30th November, making a short visit to Monterey, and towards the end of December arrived again at San Blas. Acapulco, in 16° 51’ N. lat., was subsequently visited, and some interesting additions made to the collections. Thence the vessel proceeded south, ran along the coast, crossing the gulf of Tehuantepec, and using the dredge whenever circumstances permitted. Realejo was regained by the 4th February, 1838, and during the visit an excursion to the Volcano Viejo produced some botanical additions. The coast below was next rapidly examined, and on the 27th March we for a while bid farewell to this part of America, our destination now being Callao; and after a very long passage, only broken by a rapid visit to Cocos Island, arrived at the anchorage on the 3d June. This and the two following months were spent at Callao, or in the examination, of the coast to the south, as far as Cerro Azul, and the former was not left before the close of August. When the Sulphur quitted Callao it was to revisit many places previously embraced within the voyage; and though this did not bring new ground under our observation, it yet enabled us to obtain many objects of interest which were not previously possessed. By this time also, from the length of the voyage, and from our inadequate means of preserving them, many of the objects kept in spirits required renewing; and from similar causes a number of valuable things were from time to time lost. In the less perishable portions of the collection we were more fortunate, as our knowledge of the locality was found of practical service, and in the use of the dredge this is often very desirable. Payta, Guayaquil, Panama, and Realejo were thus successively visited, and 4 SUMMARY OF THE VOYAGE OF the latter was made the centre of some extensive surveying operations on the coast. On the 19th November, the vessel anchored in the Gulf of Fonseca, for the purpose of survey. The town of San Carlos, situated on its shores, is in 13° 21’ N. lat. The examination occupied till the close of the year, and during this time the floor of the gulf was very closely examined: our success was not, however, in proportion to our exertions ; and it was thought, that the recent eruption of the neighbouring volcano of Conseguina might have destroyed many of the inhabitants of the sea, and it was the received opinion that the water was more shoal. Molluscous animals were propor- tionately few, whilst there seemed a greater number of those fish which are usually brought up from the mud by the dredge and trawl, and a fair proportion of crus- tacea. On the 14th January, 1839, we entered the Gulf of Nicoya, in 9° 55’ N. lat. which in many respects proved directly the reverse of Fonseca—as far as natural history was concerned. The belt of the gulf was found richly furnished with its peculiar tenants; the waters abounded with multitudes of fish, and at night was endued with a phosphorescence, even brilliant to those accustomed to witness it. Every spot within the influence of the ocean was fertile in the simpler organized beings. Beyond the shores, however, the nature of the country was such, that little could be obtained. Early in March the Sulphur quitted the gulf for Panama, touching, on her way, at the bay of Honda and at Quibo. On the 26th we finally bade farewell to Panama, and sailed for the Sandwich Islands. Cocos Island was in the track, and accordingly again visited. A fortnight was spent in the group; and on the 16th June we were again under weigh on another circuit of the North Pacific. As, on the previous occasion, the northern ocean was noticed to abound in marine animals, and in numbers truly astonishing. A continuous belt of anatifa, upwards of a hundred miles across, was traversed, and velella were likewise very abundant. On the 6th July, a few hours were spent at Kodiack, on the peninsula of Alashka, among a glowing and vigorous vegetation. The same evening saw us on our way to Sitka; and, on the 16th, we regained our former anchorage. In a few days the Sw/phur sailed for the Columbia River, in 46° 16’ N. lat., where she arrived on the 28th. The time spent here was not so productive to our pursuits as might have been expected. The surround- ing shores are indeed clothed with a magnificent vegetation, and here there was much occupation. But the extensive bay into which the Columbia river expands, previous to mixing with the ocean, and which was chiefly accessible, is filled alternately by the fresh HER MAJESTY’S SHIP SULPHUR. On water of the river and the salt of the ocean; so that few organized beings select it for a habitation. And in a short time dredging was found so unproductive that it was dis- continued. A party ascended to Fort Vancouver and did not return without obtaining a few things of interest. About the middle of September the vessel sailed for Cali- fornia, visiting the Russian settlement of Bodegas for a few days, and afterwards San Francisco and Monterey. From Monterey to Cape San Lucas the coast of California had been scarcely visited for objects connected with science, and though interest had declined from the tedious- ness of a much protracted voyage, it was not without satisfaction that we beheld this new field opening to us. The coast between these two places was rapidly inspected, and the ports of Santa Barbara, San Pedro, San Diego, San Quentin, and San Bartolomé, were each examined. .A longer period, nearly three weeks, was however devoted to the survey of the extensive Gulf of Magdelena, in 24° 38’ N. lat., and we here completed our Californian collections. After leaving the gulf, San Lucas was visited, and the vessel then proceeded to Mazatlan and San Blas. On the 21st December we sailed from San Blas, and with the feeling that we were homeward bound, though with a circuitous route, and two-thirds of the circumference of the globe before us. The immediate destination was the Marquesas Islands, and on the 20th January, 1840, we arrived at the beautiful bay of Port Anna Maria, in the island of Nuhuhiva. The rocky island of Socorro had received a short visit during the passage. On the 30th instant, the vessel again quitted for Bow Island, in 18° 6’ S. lat., one of the Pomoutou group. The object here, the island being formed entirely of coral, was to examine its substructure; and whilst this laborious operation was in progress, the naturalists were left to examine the surface of the island and the lagoon. The land pro- duced little, but the water was more prolific. It was frequently observed that the organized beings were influenced in some respect by the all-pervading coral, though often not in a manner that was very tangible. Fish abounded in great numbers within the quiet waters of the Lagoon, many of which were captured and preserved. Very fre- quently they might be seen in close attack on the branches of the coral, and the ali- mentary canal was usually found loaded with finely triturated coral. On the 28th March we were again on the open sea with the Society Islands in anticipation. We were now about to traverse the South Pacific. On the 5th April, the Szdphur anchored at Tahiti, and quitted it again on the 8th May. The Island of Raratonga was next visited. Thence the vessel proceeded to Vavao, one of the northern islands of Cc 6 SUMMARY OF THE VOYAGE OF THE SULPHUR. the Tonga group; and on the 28th May she anchored at Ambow, one of the Feejee islands, situated in 18° 10'S. lat. These islands are nearly as little known as any spot we had visited; but the situation of the anchorage to the land, and the character of the population, very seriously contracted our inquiries. ‘Thence we proceeded to Tanna, one of the New Hebrides, and subsequently to Carteret’s Harbour, New Ireland, in 4° 41’ S. lat. Among heavy tropic rains, almost incessant, we saw enough of the latter to give much encouragement to future naturalists; and not the least interesting circumstance was the appearance of strong indications of Asiatic productions. The northern shore of New Guinea was deliberately traversed, and altogether several weeks were spent in the vicinity of this fine island. The coast is not everywhere acces- sible, and we saw comparatively little of the terrestrial productions; but the shallow water, which extends far from land, was closely searched by the dredge and trawl. Passing through Dampier’s Straits, the vessel hastened to the Moluccas, touching at Bouro, and subsequently at Amboina, on the 3d September, situated in 3° 41’ S. lat. On the 16th, the Moluccas were finally quitted, and crossing the Indian Ocean, a nasty visit was made to Great Solombo, where wild cattle were noticed, and thence we proceeded to Macassar. The Straits, so called, offer facilities for dredging; but the produce was chiefly molluscous animals, owing probably to the coral and gravelly floor. A hasty view was obtained of Pulo Kumpal, on the extreme of Borneo, and the vessel finally arrived at Singapore on the 16th October. The vessel now retraced her steps, orders being received at Singapore to proceed io China. In a few days we were in the China Sea, tantalized by calms, and with little occupation beyond dredging. Manila was visited for a few days; and early in December, the Su/phur became one of the China squadron. The war was not prose- cuted so actively as to leave no time for natural history, and the circumnavigation of Hong-Kong gave us an insight into its productions. The Sulphur quitted China for England, on the 21st November, 1841; revisited Singapore, and touched at Pinang, Acheen, and Point de Galle in Ceylon. She quitted the latter place on the 27th January, 1842, and, on the 18th February, arrived at Port Victoria, Seychelles, in 4° 36’ S. lat. On the 24th she was again underweigh for Ma- dagascar ; and, on the 9th March, dropped anchor in Majambo Bay, in 15° 14'S. lat. Six days were here devoted to the observations. The Cape of Good Hope, St. Helena, and Ascension were successively visited. Cape Blanco, on the African coast, was approached, and the dredge used with much success; and the Sulphur finally arrived at Spithead on the 19th July. R.B. MAMMALIA, BY JOHN EDWARD GRAY, ESQ. F.R.S. ETC. KEEPER OF THE ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTION IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM. eee : - gh : J <7 7 a %; ; of : 7 1 a : in 7 cm) re ¥ ; a : - 7 - : on ‘ Re ‘ - A ad Wy a a 7 u oth fia a : 7, f “ 7 > if) 1 co] : ’ } - aa a 18 ‘ 4 ) : "y - i - ae - a al i _ a 7 : _ ; 7 a as : a nr oe 7 Z : oy ES. bE DEY * : YAS Sean 7 A ‘ - ® 7 i i _ ae a a5 na ay AD : : } 7 a 7 7 ! : a rr] 5 . 1 : a mT so. i ne & vm hae ke bP - ' ji +4 yet i . Sar’ Mow i. _ 4 ; a | oS Er - a 1% : : > eae 7 Ci a ae }3y: 7 ; a ay ria. Oo ” = a t - a \} - 7 i #7 - ! - 7 ~wae a / ” a 7 ¥e - . 5 a «a _ : = a 7 7 ~ SS —— - uy 7 7 - = _ a ; 7 1 es 7 7 on iy a a a 7 = os a i — - ry : : : — Ss : - . Se > a > - a: ad : ; : _ a : 7 7 7 in Ie : : ia - = i : 7 - a a . = a , on + jon, ' - , @ 7 ' 7 7 - t a i] 7 i . es Pi : a e io n a i, _ : vy , os Saune le Nines Mammalia. Plate] From Nature by B Waterhouse Hawkins Daykellaghe Lath to the Queen = MAMMALTA. Famity—CEBID/. THE BLACK FOREHEADED Mrrikt.—BrACHYTELES FRONTATUS. Puate I.—Apvtt anp Youna. Eriodes frontatus, Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1842, 256. Brachyteles frontatus, Gray, List Mam. Brit. Mus. 10. Thumb of the fore-hand, none. Fur reddish brown, beneath yellowish brown. Forehead, elbows, knees, and the upper sides of the arms and the fore hands, black. Young like the adult, but with long white hairs on the cheeks, and among the black hairs on the forehead. Inhab. Central America. The limbs and feet are very long and slender, even for this slender-limbed genus. The sides and hinder part of the crown of the head, the middle of the back and sides, rump, front edge of the thighs, and hinder part of the legs, and the upper part of the tail, are bright reddish brown, with a rather golden tinge. The middle of the crown of the head, the shoulders, and front part of the sides, the outer side of the upper arms, and the hinder part of the outer side of the legs, are yellower, varying rather in tint, and in parts gradually passing into the darker colour of the back. The forehead, the front and outer side of the fore-arms, the front of the lower parts of the thigh and the knees, and the upper surface of the four hands, are blackish. The cheeks, side of the chin, throat, and chest, are dirty- yellowish white. The face in the preserved specimen is blackish brown with scattered yellowish hairs, which are most abundant on the lips, and longer on the sides of the chin. The young specimen is like the adult in the general distribution of the colours, but it is much paler and less bright, and the shoulders, front part of the D 10 ZOOLOGY OF THE VOYAGE OF THE SULPHUR. back, outer side of the upper arms, and the legs, are washed with blackish. The black on the hinder knee, the fore-arms and the hands, is as distinct as in the adult, but the forehead is covered with yellowish hairs with intermixed black ones, which form a small tuft on each side of the middle. The hairs on the lips are longer and rather more abundant than in the adult. ADULT. YOUNG. In. Lines. In. Lines. Length of the body and head .....................045 19’ 0 (0) ofthe; tally cnaessccncteeeaes cater eee ee oe tees 31 0 14 0 obithemppervarmy yan oe-neeserssscee crete 8 0 4 0 Ofitsbe dt orelarmaweseee-eeceeteee meee eeeee 9 6 4 0 ofitheshandeeescsnssaccr che enecer etree 6 0 3 0 ofjtheithigh® sc.s---cesceereeesc eee eeeeeeres 7 6 a6 oftthetlea! (sscccaee seeecussenectoser eee seeeee tS 3 6 (0) dt. dol chs (66) mrepe ere aL coat ooeGe con ongonadBecadonn “wo 3.0 The measurements being taken from stuffed specimens, with only a few of their bones remaining in them, are not much to be depended on. This “ monkey, with its young, was shot by Captain Sir Edward Belcher, on the shores of the harbour of Culebra, Leon.” This species agrees in the distribution of the colours with Afeles Geoffroyii, Kuhl, (Beytr. 26,) which has since been called A. melanochir by Desmarest, (Mam. 76,) but the body of that species is said to be greyish sooty, and the hairs of the back are described as blackish ash at the base with ashy ochraceous tips ; while the hairs of the specimen before me are uniformly rufous brown from the tip to the base in the adults, and yellowish brown in the young, Otherwise, as the specimen described by M. Kuhl is intermediate in size between the two brought home by the expedition, I might have been induced to have considered it as a different age of this species. The genus Brachyteles of Spix having been published several years before M. Isidore Geoffroy’s paper on Eriodes, I have felt it my duty to adopt the former name. THE WHITE-HEADED SAPAGOU.—CEBUS HYPOULEUCUS. Simia hypoleuca, Humb., Rec. 387, 856 ? Cebus hypoleucus, Geof, Ann. Mus. xix. 111. Kuhl, Beytr. 37. Sai a gorge blanche, Buffon, H. Nat. xv. t. 9. Audeb. Singes, v. 2. f. 5. Inhab. Tropical America. Capt. Sir Edward Belcher, C. B. MAMMALIA. 11 This is one of the most easily distinguished of the species of this very con- fused genus, which requires a complete revision, but this can only be done with effect by a person living in the country, so that he might observe whether the slight differences of shade in the colours on which the species have been dis- tinguished are permanent during the different ages of the animals of the same troop and forest. Of the Brazilian travellers, Spix appears to have enjoyed the best opportunities for such a revision; but unfortunately he delayed the com- position of his work until his return to Europe, and instead of unravelling the species, he has even added considerably to their confusion. PITHECIA. This genus should be restricted, as Spix has done, to the species which are covered with long, dry, crisp, harsh hair, and have a very bushy tail. Buffon designated them by the name of Saki, and described two kinds of them, which have been defined by systematic writers as P. leucocephala and P. rufiventer. Dr. Kuhl, in his monograph of Monkeys, in his Beytrige, described two other species under the name of P. ochrocephala and P. rufibarbata; but M. Tem- minck, I suspect without sufficient examination, has considered the specimens on which these descriptions were founded, to be only different ages of the two species described by M. Buffon and M. Geoffroy St. Hilaire. Spix, in his colossal work on Brazilian Monkeys and Bats, described as new three species under the names of P. hirsuta, P. inusta, and P. capillamentosa: the latter has been considered, and, apparently correctly, to be the same as P. rufiventer of M. Geoffroy and Buffon. M. Lesson, who does not appear to have had the opportunity of examining a single specimen of the genus, divides the Pithecte into four sub-genera, each containing a single species ; his two first sub-genera contain the animals under consideration. : The first of these sub-genera he calls P. nocturna, considering P. rufiventer of Desmarest as the type of the species, P. leucocephala, Geoffroy, as the first variety, and P. ochrocephala, Kuhl, as the young of this variety. P. rufibarbata, of Kuhl, constitutes his second, and P. monachus, of Geoffroy and Kuhl, his third variety, regarding P. rufiventer, Temminck, as a synonym of P. rufibarbata. The second species he calls P. leucocephala, considering the Yarkee, Sania leucocephala, of Audebert and Humboldt, as the type; P. hirsuta, of Spix, as pro- ° 12 ZOOLOGY OF THE VOYAGE OF THE SULPHUR. bably the middle age; and P.inusta, of the same author, as the young of this species. These examples may be considered as a fair specimen of the gratuitous assumption and careless compilation of this author, whose work is put forth as the commencement of a new Species of Mammalia.* This short sketch of what has hitherto been done, shews that naturalists have had considerable difficulty in distinguishing the species of this genus which have already been described. We have several specimens of the genus in the British Museum collection, and they very naturally arrange themselves into three very easily characterized species, but, at the same time, though I have not observed any other species in any of the Continental collections, I find it very difficult to apply to two of them with certainty any of the descriptions and figures of the authors before referred to; and therefore I have thought it best, for the purpose of more distinctly characterising the species brought home by Capt. Sir Edward Belcher, to de- scribe the three species and figure those parts of them which furnish the most distinctive characters. THE BLACK YARKE.—PITHECIA LEUCOCEPHALA. Puate II.—Heap. Simia leucovephala, Awdeb. Sing. vi. 1.f. 2. (not good.) Simia Pithecia, Schreb. t. 82, from Buffon, and Shaw, Lever. Mus. iv. t.169. (good.) Pithecia leucocephala, Geoff: Ann. Mus. xix. 117.; Kuhd, Beitr. 45. - ochrocephala, Awh/, Beitr. 44. - inusta, Spi, Braz. 15. t. 10.? (var. hands pale). Saki, Buffon, H. N. xv. t. 12. The head covered with hair. The front half of the head, forehead, sides of the face and cheeks, covered with short yellow hairs, the lips with short white bristly hair. The nose, and a narrow streak up the centre of the forehead nearly naked, blackish. Hair of the back of the head short, black; of the rest of the body, limbs and tail, very long and straight, uniform brownish black; of the hands, short and black. Inhab. Tropical America. This species, which appears to have been longest known, is easily distinguished from the other two by the uniform colour of the hair on the head, and the peculiar * Mastologie Méthodique, Species des Mammiféres Bimanes et Quadrumanes. Par M. R. P. Lesson, &c. Paris, 1840. Svo. VOU USO ay AALS) Pa on IU cA iT ae ah I S V i N QO *)) Od VI 3) | } { I, le { SUIMAPHOSNoyzayA gf Aqaanyy yy w01 % VII “PIppuureyy N MAMMALIA. 13 naked streaks down the centre of the foreliead, both which characters are well defined in M. Buffon’s figures (Hist. Nat. xv. t. 12). Buffon, Geoffroy, and Kuhl described the hair on the top of the head as white : one of the specimens, which has been for some years in the collection of the British Museum, and much exposed to the light, is of a yellowish white colour. But the fresh specimens, differing from the other in no other particular, have the hair of this part of a bright yellow colour, as they are described by Kuhl in his P. ochrocephala ; so that I suspect the description of one species was taken from a bleached, and the other from a fresh specimen. A few of the hairs on the side of the neck, the shoulders, the fore-arms, and the hinder edge of the thigh are of a brownish colour at the tip, and have a withered appearance ; and some of the hairs of the tail are of a brown colour, and have the same appearance for the greater part of their length: but these hairs scarcely alter the general colour of the animal, which is of a brownish black tinge, quite different from the grisled black and brown appearance of the next species, and our specimen scarcely justifies the account of the colour of the hair given by my very accurate friend M. Kuhl. I strongly suspect that the P. inusta of Spix must have been taken from a specimen of this species, though he does not represent the bald streak on the head, and describes the hands as yellowish: but in his description of P. hirsuta, (which M. Temminck suspects is the same as P. inusta,) he observes, that the hands of the young of that species differ from those of the adult in being whitish, while in the full grown they are yellowish black. The same change may take place in P. leucocephala, which does not appear to be a rare species. THE WHISKERED YARKE.—PITHECIA PoGontas. Prate [].—Animat. Pithecia Pogonias, Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1842, 256. The head covered with hair; face surrounded with black hairs, with yellow tips; forehead, a line up the vertex, and cheeks covered with long close-set yellow hair; hair of the back and limbs blackish, with a broad white subterminal ring, of the feet short and black. Inhab. Tropical America. This species is so abundant in the London collections, that one can scarcely conceive that it is not a described species; but, though it agrees with the Saki of E 14 ZOOLOGY OF THE VOYAGE OF THE SULPHUR. Audebert, the P. rufiventer and P. rufibarbata of Kuhl, and the P. capillamentosa of Spix, (Sim. Braz. t. 11,) in the general colour of the fur, and in the greater quantity of rufous hairs on the circumference of the chest, than in the other species ; yet neither their descriptions nor figures agree with the colouring of the face of our specimens, which are all very similar to one another, and offer scarcely any variation. Tue YARKE.—PITHECIA IRRORATA. PratE DIL. Pithecia irrorata, Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1842, 256. The head naked, with only a few very short scattered white hairs, which are rather longer on the front of the ears. Hair of the body very long uniform rigid deep black, with rather long white tips; of the sides of the chest reddish white; of the hands short and white. Inhab. Tropical America. The hair rigid, very dense, very long, and curved, the white tips forming a white edge to the face; of the limbs shorter, with shorter tips and less curved. The head furnishes the most peculiar character of the species; it is nearly bald, and probably flesh-coloured when alive, and only covered with a few scattered very short white hairs, which are rather more abundant on the cheeks, under the eyes and round the mouth, and rather longer and closer just in front of the ears, so as to form very slight whiskers. Spix’s figures of his Pithecia hirsuta agree with this animal in many respects ; but he describes that species as having short bristle-like yellowish whiskers, from under the eyes to the angle of the mouth, which at once shows that it cannot have been intended for this species, and certainly does not agree with the descriptions of any of the species which have fallen under the observa- tions of either Geoffroy or Kuhl, or with any of the figures which I am acquainted with. OZ Go d Pre VUE ft] L U VIVUOUNUI , “= * ¢ . es = Wes ; ‘ ere e R _ e " 4, } ° a :