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ZOOPLANKTON DATA

AND

SAMPLE ARCHIVE DATABASE DESIGN

FOR THE

DORSET RESEARCH CENTRE

JANUARY 1993

(^\ Environment
\2J Environnement

Ontario

ISBN 0-7778-0520-0

ZOOPLANKTON DATA AND SAMPLE ARCHIVE
DATABASE DESIGN FOR
THE DORSET RESEARCH CENTRE

JANUARY 1993

©

Cette publication technique
n'est disponible qu'en anglais.

Copyright: Queen's Printer for Ontario, 1993

This publication may be reproduced for non-commercial purposes

with appropriate attribution.

PIBS 2253

ZOOPLAhfKTON DATA AND SAMPLE ARCHIVE
DATABASE DESIGN FOR
THE DORSET RESEARCH CENTRE

Report Prepared By:

T.W. Pawson

and
N.D. Yan

Ontario Ministry of the Environment
Dorset Research Centre
P.O. Box 39, Bellwood Acres Road
Dorset, Ontario POA lEO
Canada

JANUARY 1993

TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Tables ii

List of Figures iii

Introduction 1

Overview of Database Design 3

The Zooplankton Database 8

Acknowledgements 23

References 24

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 Summary of primary keys and foreign keys for the zooplankton database.

Table 2 Names and codes of taxa in the Z TAXA table.

Table 3 Contents of the Z CODE table (September 1992).

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Master-detail relationship of the data tables. The single arrow head indicates
the master table and the double, the detail table. The primary keys for these
tables are listed in lower case letters.

INTRODUCTION

Freshwater zooplankton are sensitive indicators of the loss of aquatic ecosystem integrity in
the face of environmental stress, and its recovery following the removal of the stress (e.g.,
Keller et al. 1990, Keller and Yan 1991). In consequence, the Biological Studies Unit of the
Limnology Section of the Ontario Ministry of the Environment's Water Resources Branch
has assembled long-term descriptions of zooplankton communities from selected lakes in the
Sudbury, Haliburton, Muskoka, Parry Sound and Nipissing areas of Ontario as part of three
programmes - the Sudbury Environmental Study (SES, Anon. 1982), the Lakeshore Capacity
Study (LCS, Dillon et al. 1984) and the Acid Precipitation in Ontario Study (APIOS, Anon.
1990). These records are unique in two ways. There is an unusually good reference lake
data set, i.e., monthly collections for at least 1 year from 56 limnologically-diverse lakes.
Secondly, there are unsually long records, > 10 years, from 12 lakes. These data sets provide
an excellent baseline description of zooplankton community structure and variability for
Canadian Shield lakes, against which the detrimental impacts of future stressors and the
benefical impacts of future regulatory or remedial actions can be assessed.

Because of the uniqueness and demonstrated value of these data, it is important that the
samples are preserved, catalogued and maintained, that the sampling and enumeration
protocols are documented and that the zooplankton database itself be clearly documented.
In consequence, Yan et al. (1992) have described the construction and performance of the
DRC (Dorset Research Centre) metered tow net, the collection gear routinely employed to
collect zooplankton and Girard and Reid (1990) have described the zooplankton sampling
schedules and sample enumeration protocols. The objective of this report is to describe the
design of the zooplankton database - the electronic archive of the samples themselves and
of the identification, enumeration and description of attributes of zooplankton species in
samples.

The zooplankton database was designed with the following objectives:

to track the location of samples as they are transferred to and returned from contract

enumerators,

to record the exact location of samples in the Dorset sample library,

to record a complete description of each sample, e.g., date of collection, sampling

crew, collection gear and protocol, lake, station, sample volume, and compositing

method,

to record any permanent alterations of the samples, e.g., removal of animals for

confirmatory identification or formation of composite samples,

to record a complete description of all enumerations of samples, e.g., taxonomist,

count date, count protocol, and count hardware,

to record the lengths, identities and other attributes of all taxa examined during an

enumeration of a sample,

to provide permanent records of all sampling gear employed, sampling sites visited,

and zooplankton species encountered,

to facilitate the maintenance of data quality,

to record all alterations of the database, and

to facilitate the maintenance of and access to zooplankton data collected in past,

present, and future programmes within the Section.

Several types of database models exist, but because of the huge size of the database
(hundreds of thousands of individual measurements of animals), and the diversity of its
design objectives, we selected a relational database management system as our model (Atre
1980). The database was produced and resides in tables managed by the ORACLE
(Version 6) database management system. The tables are accessed via a local area network
on an OS2 server.

The data that populate the database have been generated in two major ways. Prior to 1985
they were generated by conventional identification and counts of zooplankton aided by
dissecting microscopy. The counts were written on log sheets, then keyed into spreadsheets.

statistical, or other software packages as needed. Since 1985 the data have been generated
by a custom written software package called ZEBRA (Zooplankton Enumeration and
Biomass Routines for APIOS), a semi-automated program that facilitates the identification,
enumeration, measurement, and demographic description of animals in the samples. This
package had its origin in the work of Sprules et al. (1981).

It is not the objective of this report to introduce the reader to the advantages of relational
databases. The interested reader can consult, for example, Atre (1980) or Date (1990) for
such a discussion. Nor is it our purpose to promote our particular database design to other
zooplankton ecologists. The interests of each investigator will certainly govern the design
of his or her database. Our purpose is simply to document the DRC zooplankton database
in detail for those who wish to use the data or examine the samples in the future. Because
of the uniqueness of the sample collections and data, we assume there will be many such
users in the future.

OVERVIEW OF DATABASE DESIGN

A relational dababase is perceived by its users simply as a collection of tables. Indeed the
"relation" in "relational" is simply a mathematical term for a table (Date 1990). The
zooplankton database consists of 17 tables. They can be grouped into three classes:
Maintenance tables. Reference tables and Data tables. The five Maintenance tables
(ZREMOVE, Z_VOLUME, ZCOMPOSITE, ZCHANGE and ZNOMENCLATURE)
document permanent alterations of the samples themselves or of any portion of the
database. There are five Reference tables: Z_GEAR, Z_LAKE, Z_TAXA, Z_ATT_ID, and
Z_CODE. The first four tables record, respectively, descriptions of all sampling gear, lakes
sampled, Ontario zooplankton species, and individual animal's attributes recorded during
the coimts. Each of these tables grows very slowly if at all. For example, the Z_TAXA
table only grows if species new to the entire database are encountered. The last reference
table, Z CODE, provides an explanation for all technician, protocol, hardware and flag

codes scattered throughout the database. The entries for all columns with a title ending in
"_CODE" are explained in this table.

The remaining seven tables comprise the zooplankton data themselves. These tables are
hierarchically organized in what are termed master/detail relationships. Master and detail
tables are associated in a simple manner. The detail table can contain more than one row
of information associated with a single row in its master table. Consider the Z_SAMPLE -
Z_COUNT couplet as an example (Figure 1). Each row in Z_SAMPLE uniquely describes
a sample, providing the lake sampled, sampling date, sampling gear, etc. Each of the rows
in Z_COUNT describes a single, complete session of enumeration of one of the samples,
providing a unique count identifier, the count protocol employed, the taxonomist's name,
etc. Because a sample can be counted more than once, there may be more than one row
in Z_COUNT associated with a single row in Z_SAMPLE. In other words, Z_COUNT is
a detail table of Z_SAMPLE. The other master detail couplets are illustrated in Figure 1.

There are three detail tables of Z_COUlSrr. Each row of Z_SUMMARY provides
information about a single taxon in a count, for example, the numbers of that species
counted, the subsample volume examined for that species, and its biomass and abundance.
Z_DOMINANT_ROTIFER also provides a single row per taxon in the count; however, the
only information provided is the identity and estimated rank abundance of rotifer taxa in
the count. We have included this table in the database because this rotifer information is
gathered during routine counts at little cost. At the end of a routine crustacean zooplankton
count, the taxonomist spends a few additional minutes keying in the rotifer taxa observed
and estimating their rank abundances. Z_INDIVID is the last detail table of Z_COUNT.
Each of its rows provides the identity and length of each uniquely numbered individual that
was identified, counted and measured during the count.

The last two data tables are ZATTRIBUTE and ZHAUL. ZATTRIBUTE is a detail
table of Z_INDIVID that records demographic data gathered during special zooplankton
studies. Each of its rows provides attributes other than body length recorded for individuals

examined during a count. For example, the taxonomist may have recorded the gender,
numbers of eggs in a clutch, developmental stage, and body width of particular individuals
whose unique identifiers are recorded in Z_INDIVID. The last data table, Z_HAUL, is a
detail table of Z_SAMPLE. It describes the individual hauls taken with the DRC plankton
net whose combined contents form the composite samples that are enumerated.

Figure 1 Master-detail relationship of the data tables. The single arrow head indicates

the master table and the double, the detail table. The primary keys for these
tables are in listed lower case letters.

Z_DOMINANT_ROTIFER

Count id
Sppjd

Z-SAMPLE

Samplejd

i

t i

k t

Z.HAUL

Samplejd
HauLid

V

Z_COUNT

CounUd

1

I

ZJNCHVID

mdMd Id

X

y

Z_SUMMARY

Co»Jrt_ld
Spp_ld

Z.ATTRIBUTE

Indvid Id
CourlTd

Ait a

The lengths of the tables grow in a cascading fashion along the master/detail relationship
hierarchy (Figure 1). For example, on average 300 samples are collected in a year; hence,
Z_SAMPLE will grow by about 300 rows a year. Roughly 10% of these sample will be
counted twice for purposes of quality assurance, implying that Z_COUNT will grow by 330
rows a year. Because there are roughly 10 taxa of crustacean zooplankton identified in a
standard count, roughly 3300 rows will be added to Z_SUMMARY each year. Assuming
250 individuals are counted and measured in each sample, 82,500 rows will be added to
Z_INDIVID each year, i.e., 330 counts times 250 individuals. If two attributes other than
length, e.g., gender and clutch size, are recorded for each individual counted, then
Z_ ATTRIBUTE would grow by 165,000 rows in the year, i.e., 2 attributes times 330 counts
times 250 individuals. The size of the dataset provides a sufficient justification for the need
for efficient organization of the data.

The use of the database is faciliated by the designation of primary and foreign keys. The
former uniquely identify rows in a table, the latter provide linkages to other tables. These
key columns are identified in Table 1. The remainder of this section details the design of
each table in the database. . The order of presentation is Data tables, followed by Reference
tables, and, finally. Maintenance tables. We conclude the report by providing the current
contents of two of the reference tables, Z TAXA (Table 2) and Z CODE (Table 3).

Table 1 Summary of primary keys and foreign keys for the zooplankton database.

TABLE SOURCE
CODE TABLE

PRIMARY

KEY(S)

FOREIGN
KEYS

DESTINATION
TABLE FOR
FOREIGN KEYS

Dl

ZSAMPLE

D2

ZHAUL

D3

ZCOUNT

D4

Z SUMMARY

D5

Z DOMINANT ROTIFER

D6

ZINDIVID

D7

ZATTRIBUTE

Rl

ZGEAR

R2

ZLAKE

R3

ZTAXA

R4

ZATTID

R5

ZCODE

Ml

Z REMOVE

M2 Z VOLUME

M3 Z COMPOSITE

M4 Z CHANGE

M5 Z NOMENCLATURE

SAMPLE ID

(SAMPLEID,
HAULID)

COUNTID

(COUNTID,
SPPID)

(COUNTID,
SPPID)

INDIVID ID

(INDIVIDID,
ATT_ID)

GEARID

LAKEID

SPPID

ATT ID

(T_NAME,
PARAMETER, CODE)

GEARID
LAKE ID

SAMPLE ID

SAMPLE ID

COUNTID
SPP ID

COUNTID
SPP ID

COUNTID
SPP ID

INDIVIDID
ATT ID

(SAMPLEID,

SPPID,

ANIMALID)

(SAMPLEID,
ZDATE)

SAMPLEJD
SPP ID

SAMPLE ID

(SAMPLEID, SAMPLEID

CONTRIBUTORJD)

(TNAME, KEYl, KEY 2,
KEY3, PARAMETER, ZDATE)

(SPPIDOLD, SPPIDNEW)
7

Z GEAR
Z~LAKE

Z SAMPLE

ZSAMPLE

Z COUNT
Z~TAXA

ZCOUNT
ZTAXA

ZCOUNT
ZTAXA

ZINDIVID
Z ATT ID

ZSAMPLE
Z TAXA

Z SAMPLE

Z SAMPLE

THE ZOOPLANKTON DATABASE

Dl Z SAMPLE TABLE

This table provides information about a particular sample, for example, where the sample
was taken , when it was taken, how it was taken, who took it, and its location in the sample
archive.

#

COLUMN

DATA TYPE

1

SAMPLE ID

varchar (12) not null

2

LAKE

varchar (20) not null

3

STATION

varchar (11) not null

4

LAKE ID

varchar (4) not null

5

ZDAIE

date not null

6

ZTIME

varchar (4)

7

STN NUM

varchar (9)

8

COMP STNS

number

9

STYPE CODE

varchar (5)

10

DEPTH

number

11

GEAR ID

varchar (2)

12

TECH CODE

varchar (5)

13

NUM HAULS

number

14

CAL CNT

number

15

CAL TIME

varchar (5)

16

VOLUME

number

17

DRAWER

varchar (3)

18

BO 11 LE

varchar (7)

19

LOC CODE

varchar (5)

20

XS CODE

varchar (5)

21

STUDY CODE

varchar (5)

22

VOLCALC CODE

varchar (5)

23

R FLAG

varchar (1)

24

L FLAG

varchar (1)

25

V_FLAG

varchar (1)

SAMPLE ID

This is a unique identifi

er for each sample. Since 1980. 5

for the routine DRC samples has been six characters long beginning with
the letter Z. SAMPLEJD is the Primary Key for this table.

LAKE

The name of the lake, excluding the word "LAKE". The column is
constrained to accept upper case letters only.

STATION

LAKE ID

ZDATE

The DRC eleven digit code used to identify sampling stations in the
"WATER" table. This is a foreign key to "W_STATION". The
"WATER" table is the database table containing all DRC lake and
stream chemistry data. "W_STATION" is an associated table describing
sampling locations.

The 4 character lake code assigned in ZEBRA, the custom counting
software package. When two lakes have the same name and one or both
have not been assigned STATION numbers, this code uniquely identifies
the lake. This is a foreign key to Z_LAKE.

Contains the date on which the sample was taken. This column is in
Oracle date format but does not contain the time.

ZTIME

The time at which the sample was taken. It is a four digit character field
in the format "HHMM".

STN_NUM The name or number of the station where the sample was collected.

This number is unique to the zooplankton programme, i.e., it is not in
"WSTATION".

COMP_STNS The number of stations in a composite sample.

STYPE_CODE The type of sample, e.g., composite. This column is keyed to the
"ZCODE" table.

DEPTH Depth (in metres) of discrete sample.

GEAR_ID A code that keys to the "Z_GEAR" table. "Z_GEÀR" supplies a

complete description of the coded gear.

TECH_CODE Provides the abbreviated name of the person heading the crew that took
the sample. This column is keyed to the "Z_CODE" table.

NUM_HAULS The number of hauls taken to form composite sample.

CAL_CNT The calibration haul count for a composite formed from multiple hauls

with a DRC plankton net (Yan et al. 1992). See Girard and Reid (1990)
for description of haul strategies for composites.

CAL TIME The time (in seconds) required to pull the meter, used with a DRC

plankton net, through the water column during the calibration haul.

VOLUME

The original volume (in litres) of lake water represented in the sample.

DRAWER Number of the file drawer containing the sample bottle in the DRC

sample archive.

BOTTLE The code number of the bottle in the above named drawer. This

number is not the same as the SAMPLE_ID.

LOC_CODE A code for the present location of the sample. The "Z_CODE" table

explains this code.

XS_CODE Code for non-routine sample types to indicate that this particular sample

should not be used in routine queries. The "Z_CODE" table provides
details.

STUDY_CODE A code for the project for which this sample was taken, e.g., APIOS.
This column is keyed to the "Z_CODE" table.

VOLCALC CODE

A code to describe the method that was used to calculate the volume of
the sample. Details are explained in the "Z_CODE" table.

R_FLAG Flag to indicate that this sample is a routine DRC sample to be included

in all regular data analysis. Upper case "F" is used as a flag.

A_FLAG Indicates that some animals have been removed. " The "Z_REMOVE"

table provide details if the "A_FLAG" is not null. "F" is used as the flag.

V_FLAG Indicates that volume has been removed to make a composite. The

"Z_COMPOSITE" table provides details if the "V_FLAG" is not null.
"F" is used as the flag.

D2 ZHAUL TABLE

The Z_HAUL table describes the tow net hauls used to form routine composite samples
with a DRC plankton net (Yan et al. 1992).

#

COLUMN

DATA TYPE

1

SAMPLE ID

varchar (12) not null

2

HAUL ID

number not null

3

TOW LENGTH

number

4

TOW CNT

number

5

TOW TIME

varchar (5)

6

R FLAG

varchar (1)

10

SAMPLE_ID Sample identifier, keyed to the Z_SAMPLE table.

HAUL_ID Uniquely identifies the haul in this sample.

TOW_LENGTH The length (in metres) of this particular haul. It is assumed that the net
was hauled vertically from this depth to the surface.

TOW_CNT The impeller reading from the DRC net associated with this HAUL_ID.

TOW_TIME The time (in sec.) taken to pull the meter and net through the water

column for this haul.

R_FLAG Flag to indicate that this HAUL_ID should be included in routine

queries. Upper case "F" is used as the flag.

D3 ZCOUNT TABLE

The Z_COUNT table provides selected summary information from a single complete
enumeration of a sample.

#

COLUMN

DATA TYPE

1

COUNT ID

varchar (7) not null

2

CNT TYPE CODE

varchar (5)

3

CNT SYSTEM CODE

varchar (5)

4

SAMPLE ID

varchar (12) not null

5

TECH CODE

varchar (5)

6

ZDAIH

date

7

CNT PRTCL CODE

varchar (5)

8

NUM SPP

number

9

NUM INDIVID

number

10

ROTIFER INDEX CODE

varchar (5)

11

CNT GRP CODE

varchar(5)

12

COMMENTS

varchar (20)

13

R FLAG

varchar (1)

14

OMITCODE

varchar (5)

COUNT ID

A unique code for each uni

[que enumeration of a samph

such an enumeration involves the identification, counting and
measurement of 250 animals. "COUNT_ID" is the primary key for this
table.

11

CNTTYPECODE

This code reports the class of enumeration that was performed on this
sample, e.g., QA/QC. Explanation of codes are provided in the
"ZCODE" table.

CNT SYSTEMCODE

Code to describe the hardware that was used to execute the count of this
sample, e.g., "Z2S1" could mean Zebra2 system, Sprules calipers #1.
The code is explained in the "Z_CODE" table.

SAMPLE ID

TECH CODE

ZDATE

The unique code for this particular sample. This is keyed to the
"ZSAMPLE" table.

Code identifying the technician who performed the enumeration.
Details are found in the "Z_CODE" table.

The date of this count. It does not include the time.

CNTPRTCLCODE

Identifies the counting protocol that was employed. Entries are
explained in the "Z_CODE" table.

NUM_SPP The number of different taxa identified in this count of this sample.

NUM_INDIVID The total number of individuals that were counted.

ROTIFERINDEXCODE

Code for the relative abundance of rotifers in this count. Details are
found in the "Z CODE" table.

CNT GRPCODE

COMMENTS
R FLAG

OMIT CODE

Identifies the group of organisms that were targeted in this enumeration
of the sample, e.g., Rotifera and Crustacea. The codes are described in
the "Z_CODE" table.

Comments recorded by the taxonomist concerning this count.

Flag to indicate that this count is one of the DRC's regular counts to be
included in routine queries. An upper case "F" is used as the flag.

Entries indicate that there has been a problem with this particular count.
The entries are explained in the "Z_CODE" table.

12

D4 Z SUMMARY TABLE

The Z_SUMMARY table summarizes the data for each species found in each count.
# COLUMN DATA TYPE

1

COUNT ID

varchar (7)

not null

2

SPP ID

varchar (3)

not null

3

FA

number

4

NUM CT

number

5

DENSITY

number

6

BIOMASS

number

7

NONZEB WEIGHT

number

8

W CODE

varchar (5)

9

SUML

number

10

SUMW

number

11

MINE

number

12

MAXL

number

13

A

number

14

B

number

15

LWR CODE

varchar (5)

16

RFLAG

varchar (1)

COUNT ID

Key to the Z COUNT table that unique

ly identifies the

SPP ID

particular sample.

Species identification code as described in the Z_TAXA table.

FA The fraction of the sample that was counted for this species. The value

is required to calculate animal density or biomass, and
m u s tb e> Oa n d

<1.

NUM_CT The number of animals of this species that was counted in the above

fraction of the sample.

DENSITY The abundance of this taxon (in #/m^.

BIOMASS The biomass of this taxon (in mg dry weight/m^.

NONZEBWEIGHT

The mean individual weight (in fjg dw) of this taxon. The source of this
weight is provided by "W_CODE".

13

W_CODE A code described in "Z_CODE" that explains the biomass calculation

method, e.g., "ZEB" if the biomass was calculated from measurements
of animals in the count.

SUML The sum of the lengths (in mm) of the measured animals.

SUMW The sum of the calculated dry weights (in /xg) of counted animals.

MINL The minimum length check for this species. This is not the smallest

animal encountered in the sample, rather it is a length used for QC
purposes during the count.

MAXL The maximum length check for this species. This is not the largest

animal encountered in the sample, rather it is a length used for QC
purposes during the count.

A The value of "a" in the length (L) weight (W) regression equation

W = aV.

B The value of "b" in the length (L) weight (W) regression equation

W = aLV

LWR_CODE A code that keys back to the "Z_CODE" table providing the source of

that length (L) weight (W) regression equation.

R_FLAG The flag to indicate that the data for this taxon are to be included in

routine queries. The upper case character "F" is used as the flag.

D5 ZDOMINANTROTIFER TABLE

The Z_DOMINANT_ROTIFER table provides the estimated rank abundance of the rotifers
observed in a count of a sample.

COLUMN

DATA TYPE

COUNTID
SPPID
TAXON RANK

varchar (7) not null
varchar (3) not null
number

COUNT ID

SPP ID

Key to the "Z_COUNT' table that uniquely identifies the count of this
particular sample. The sample is described in the "Z_SAMPLE" table.

Species identification code from the Z_T AXA table.
14

TAXON_RANK A rank for this species in this count, "1" indicating the most abundant
taxon.

D6 ZINDIVID TABLE

The Z_INDIVID table contains the individual animal's measured lengths.
# COLUMN DATA TYPE

INDIVID ID

COUNT ID

SPP ID
LENGTH
R FLAG

INDIVIDID
COUNTID
SPPID
LENGTH
R FLAG

number not null
varchar (7) not null
varchar (3)
number
varchar (1)

An identification number that, together with "COUNT_ID", uniquely
identifies an individual animal.

Key to the "Z_COUNT' table that uniquely identifies the count of this
particular sample.

Taxon identification number. This is keyed to the "Z_TAXA" table.

The measured length of the animal (in mm).

Flag to indicate that individual should be included in routine queries.
Upper case "F" is the flag.

D7 ZATTRIBUTE TABLE

The Z_ATTRIBUTE table provides a flexible means of recording attributes, other than
body lengths, of each individual animal. The "Z_ATT _ID" table (number R4) provides the
details for each attribute code (ATT ID).

COLUMN

DATA TYPE

1 INDIVIDID

2 COUNTID

3 ATTID

4 ATT VAL

number not null
varchar(7) not null
varchar (4) not null
varchar (20)

15

INDrVID_ID An identification number that, together with "COUNT_ID", uniquely

identifies an individual animal that was measured.

COUNTJD Key to the "Z_COUNT' table that uniquely identifies the count of this

particular sample.

ATT ID Unique key to the "Z_ATT_ID" table that identifies a particular

attribute, e.g., # of eggs, or length of a body part.

ATr_VAL The entry for this attribute. Units are provided in the "Description"

column in "Z_ATT_ID", where applicable.

Rl ZGEAR TABLE

The Z_GEAR table describes all of the zooplankton sampling gear used by the DRC since
it began collecting zooplankton during the Sudbury Environment Study in 1973.

#

COLUMN

DATA TYPE

1

GEAR ID

varchar (2) not null

2

TYPE CODE

varchar (5)

3

DESCRIPTION

varchar (35)

4

MESH

number

5

DIAMETER

number

6

AREA

number

7

VOLUME

number

8

COMMENTS

varchar (65)

GEAR ID

A code assigned to a

particular sampling gear.

TYPE CODE

A descriptive code

the tells the user if the gear

Schindler/Patalas trap, etc. The "Z_CODE" table explains the codes.

DESCRIPTION A description of the gear, e.g., closing conical metered net.

MESH The aperture size (in /mi) of the filtering mesh portion of the apparatus.

DIAMETER The inside diameter (in cm) of the mouth of a net-type apparatus. The

column is null if the gear is not a net. Nets are assumed to have circular
mouths.

AREA

The area (in m^ ) of the mouth of a net.

16

VOLUME The volume (in litres) of a fixed volume sampler, e.g., a

Schindler/Patalas trap.

COMMENTS Descriptive comments, such as where and when the gear was used.

R2

Z LAKE TABLE

The Z_LAKE table contains a list of all the lakes and locations from which the DRC has
collected samples of zooplankton.

COLUMN

DATA TYPE

LAKE

STATION

LAKEID

EASTING

NORTHING

varchar (20) not null
varchar (11)
varchar (4)
number
number

LAKE

STATION

LAKE ID

EASTING

NORTHING

The name of the lake without the extension "lake"
constrained to accept only upper case letters.

The column is

The standard DRC eleven digit code used in the "WATER" table. This
a foreign key to "WSTATION".

The 4 character lake code used by ZEBRA, the custom counting
software package employed by the DRC.

The geographic easting grid reference in the Universal Transverse
Mercator Grid System (UTM).

The geographic northing grid reference in the Universal Transverse
Mercator Grid System (UTM).

R3

Z TAXA TABLE

The Z_TAXA table provides the scientific name and coded identifier for all the zooplankton
taxa in the database.

# COLUMN

DATA TYPE

1 SPPID

2 SPP ABBREV

varchar (3) not null
varchar (10)

17

SPPNAME
T FLAG

varchar (40)
varchar (1)

SPP_ID The 3 digit numeric code for taxa that is used throughout the database.

The 100, 200 and 300 series are reserved for Cladocera, Calanoida and
Cyclopoida, respectively. The 400 and 500 series are reserved for
Rotifera and the 600 series for macrozooplankton such as larval
Chaoborus. The 700 series records miscellaneous taxa such as macro-
algae.

SPP_ABBREV An abbreviated name of the taxon, e.g., B. long. = Bosmina longirostris.

SPP_NAME Full scientific name (Latin binomial) with authority for each taxon.

T_FLAG To indicate if the nomenclature has been changed over time, an upper

case "F" is used as the flag.

R4 Z ATT ID TABLE

The Z_ATT_ID table provides a detailed description of the attribute codes.
# COLUMN DATATYPE

ATTID

ATTTYPE

DESCRIPTION

varchar (4) not null
varchar (1)
varchar (20)

ATT ID

ATT TYPE

A unique code for the assigned attribute.

The attribute type: C (character), N (numeric), T (tabled) or M
(measurement). Type C is a character string. Type N will generally be
a count, e.g., 4 eggs. Type T represents a character string where all
possible values can be prespecified, e.g., male or female gender. Type
M represents a measurement of some body part other than total length.

DESCRIPTION Brief description of the attribute and, where appropiate, its units.

R5 Z CODE TABLE

The "Z_CODE" table (see Table 3) provides the user with a flexible and efficient means of
defining the codes used throughout all of the database tables. We have used the convention
of ending a column name with " CODE" to indicate that all possible entries in this column

18

are explained in this table.

# COLUMN

DATA TYPE

1 TNAME

2 PARAMETER

3 CODE

4 DESCRIPTION

varchar (20) not null
varchar (20) not null
varchar (5) not null
varchar (60)

T_NAME The name of the table containing the code.

PARAMETER The column in the above table containing the code.

CODE The code used. It must be unique and five or less characters in length.

DESCRIPTION A detailed explanation of the code.

Ml Z REMOVE TABLE

The Z_REMOVE table records the permanent removal of any animals from samples, for
example, for shipment to other researchers in collaborative work.

# COLUMN

SAMPLE ID
SPP ID
ANIMAL ID

LENGTH
ZDATE

DATA TYPE

SAMPLEID

SPPID

ANIMALID

LENGTH

ZDATE

TECHCODE

COMMENTS

varchar (12) not null

varchar (3) not null

number not null

number

date

varchar (5)

varchar (20)

The unique sample identifier code, keyed to the Z_SAMPLE table.

Species identification code described in the Z_TAXA table.

A unique identification number for the animal that was removed from
the sample. There is no relation between this column and
"INDIVIDJD" in the "ZINDIVID" table.

The length (in mm) of the removed animal.

The date the animal was removed.

19

TECH_CODE The code for the technician that removed the animal. The code is
explained in the "Z_CODE" table.

COMMENTS The reason that the animal was removed.

M2 Z VOLUME TABLE

The Z_VOLUME table documents the permanent removal of partial volumes from a
sample, e.g., to create a composite sample. A flag will the added to "V_FLAG" in the
"Z SAMPLE" table when this is done.

COLUMN

DATA TYPE

1

2
3
4
5

SAMPLEID

ZDATE
TECH CODE

NEW VOLUME

SAMPLEID
ZDATE
TECHCODE
NEWVOLUME
TECHNIQUE CODE

varchar (12) not null
date not null
varchar (5)
number
varchar (5)

The unique sample identifying code, keyed to the Z_SAMPLE
table.

The date the sample was manipulated.

The code for the technician that removed the partial volume. The
technician's name will be found in the "Z CODE" table.

The new, final volume of the sample (in litres).

TECHNIQUECODE

A code for the technique used to manipulate the sample. Details will
be found in "Z_CODE".

M3 ZCOMPOSITE TABLE

This table documents the removal of a fraction of a sample to produce a composite.
# COLUMN DATATYPE

1 SAMPLEID

2 CONTRIBUTORJD

3 C PERCENT

varchar (12) not null
varchar (12) not null
number not null

20

SAMPLE_ID The sample identification code of the new composite sample being

produced.

CONTRIBUTOR ID

^ The sample identification code of the sample contributing volume to the
new composite sample.

C PERCENT The percent of the new composite sample donated by the contributor.

M4 ZCHANGE TABLE

The Z_CHANGE table documents all updates (editing) of the database. Because some
tables have more then one primary key, "KEYl", "KEY2" and ,"KEY3" refer to the primary
keys of a particular table (TNAME) that uniquely identify a row in that table.

#

COLUMN

DATA TYPE

1

TNAME

varchar (20) not null

2

KEYl

varchar (20) not null

3

KEY2

varchar (20) not null

4

KEY3

varchar (20) not null

5

PARAMETER

varchar (20) not null

6

TECH CODE

varchar (5)

7

ZDATE

date

8

OLD VALUE

varchar (5)

9

NEW VALUE

varchar (5)

10

COMMENTS

varchar (25)

TNAME Name of table that was updated.

KEYl The three key columns refer to the primary columns of the table which

KEY2 is being updated. The number of non-null entries in these three KEYs

KEY3 will equal the number of primary key columns in the table.

PARAMETER The name of the column being updated.

TECH CODE A character code identifying the database manager that performed the
update. The code is explained in the "Z_CODE" table.

ZDATE The date on which the update was made.

21

OLD_VALlJE The value being replaced.

NEW_VALUE The new value.

COMMENTS A brief description of the justification for changing the value or an
indication of the source of the change.

M5 ZNOMENCLATURE

This is a table that records any changes in names of taxa. These changes could represent
new species, changes in names of existing species, combinations of species, or separation of
old species into several new species.

#

COLUMN

DATA TYPE

1

ZDATE

date not null

2

CHNG CODE

varchar (5)

3

SPPID OLD

number not null

4

SPPID NEW

number not null

5

CITATION

varchar (50)

6

COMMENTS

varchar (100)

ZDATE The date on which the new nomenclature was incorporated into the

routine counting protocol.

CHNG_CODE The type of change, i.e., a new species, a renaming of an old species, or
a lumping together or splitting of old species. The codes are explained
in the ZCODE table.

SPPID_OLD The old 3 digit species identification code. See Z_TAXA for details.

SPPID_NEW The new 3 digit species identification code. See Z_TAXA for details.

CITATION The reference (first author, date, journal, volume and page) that justifies

the change in nomenclature.

COMMENTS A comment on the change.

22

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We thank Bruce LaZerte and Martyn Futter for advice on database design and Renée
Morrison for her patience at the wordprocessor.

23

REFERENCES

Anon. 1982. Sudbury Environmental Study: Studies of lakes and watersheds near Sudubry
Ontario: final limnological report. Ont. Min. Envir., Water Resources Branch,
Limnology Section report SES 009/82, 689 pp.

Anon. 1990. Acidic precipitation in Ontario Study (APIOS) - annual program report
1988/1989. Ont. Min. Envir., APIOS co-ordination office report, 94 pp.

Atre, S. 1980. Data Base: Structured Techniques for Design, Performance, and
Management with Cases Studies. John Wiley & Sons. New York. 442 pp.

Date, C.J. 1990. An introduction to database systems. Volume 1. Addison-Wesley
Publishing Company, Reading, Mass. 854 pp.

Dillon, P.J., K.H. Nicholls, W.A. Scheider, N.D. Yan and D.S. Jeffries. 1986. Lakeshore
Capacity Study: Trophic Status., Ministry of Municipal Affairs, Research and Special
Projects Branch report, 89 pp.

Girard, R. and R.A. Reid. 1990. Dorset Research Centre lakes: sampling methodology
(1986-1989) and lake morphometry. Ont. Min. Envir. Data Report DR 90/4.

Keller, W. and N.D. Yan. 1991. Recovery of crustacean zooplankton species richness in
Sudbury area lakes following water quality improvements. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
48: 1635-1644.

Keller, W., N.D. Yan, K.E. Holtze and J.R. Pitblado. 1990. Inferred effects of lake
acidification on Daphnia galeata mendotae. Envir. Sci. Technol. 24: 1259-1261.

Sprules, W.G., L.B. Holtby and G. Griggs. 1981. A microcomputer-based measuring device
for biological research. Can. J. Zool. 59: 1611-1614.

Yan, N.D., D.J. McQueen, T.W. Pawson, R. Girard and V. Visman. 1992. Measuring
zooplankton net filtration efficiency in Dorset lakes. Ont. Min. Envir. Tech. Report
15 pp.

24

Table 2 Names and codes of taxa in the Z TAXA table.

SPECIES ID

SPECIES ABBREV

SPECIES NAME

101

ACA CURV

Acantholebeiis curvirostris

102

ACRHARP

Acroperus harpae

103

ALOAFFI

Alona affinis

104

ALO COST

Alona costata

105

ALOGUTT

Alona guttata

106

ALOINTE

Alona intermedia

107

ALO QUAD

Alona quadrangularis

108

ALORECT

Alona rectangula

109

ALOSP

Alona sp.

110

BOS LONG

Bosmina longirostris

111

CERLAC

Ceriodaphnia lacustris

112

CER MEG

Ceriodaphnia megalops

113

CER PUL

Ceriodaphnia pulchella

114

CER RETIC

Ceriodaphnia reticulata

115

CERSP

Ceriodaphnia sp.

116

CHY ETC

Chydorus bicomutus

117

CHY PIG

Chydorus piger

118

CHY SPHA

Chydonis sphaericus

119

DAP AMB

Daphnia ambigiia

120

DAP CAT

Daphnia catawba

121

■* DAP DUB

Daphnia dubia

122

DAP G ME

Daphnia galeata mendotae

123

DAP LONG

Daphnia longireniis

124

DAP PUL

Daphnia pulicaria

125

DAPPARV

Daphnia pannila

126

DAP PUL

Daphnia pulex

127

DAP RETR

Daphnia retrocurva

128

DAPROS

Daphnia rosea

129

DAP SCHO

Daphnia schodleri

130

DIABRAC

Diaphanosoma brachyurum

131

DÏA LEU

Diaphanosoma leuchtenbergianum

132

EUB COR

Eubosmina coregoni

133

EUB TUB

Eubosmina tubicen

134

EUR LAM

Eurycercus lamellatus

135

HOL GIBB

Holopedium gibberum

25

Table 2 (cont'd.)

SPECIES ID SPECIES ABBREV

SPECIES NAME

136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
155
156
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173

ILY SPIN
LAT SET
LEFKIN
MAC LAT
OPH GRAC
PLEHAMU
POL FED
SCA AURI
SCAKIN
SID CRYS
SIM SERR
SIM VETU
STR SERR
BYT CEDE
EUE LONG
CER QUAD
DL\ BIRG
CHY GLOB
ALACUT
EUBSP
ACANSP
ACROP
ALONEL
ANCHIS
BOSSP
BYTHO SP
CAMPTO
CHYSP
DAPSP
DL^SP
EURYC SP
EUBSP
GRAPSP
HOLSP

Ilyocryptus spinifer
Latona setifera
Leptodora kindtii
Macrothrix laticomis
Ophryoxus gracilis
Pleuroxus hamulatus
Polyphemus pedicutus
Scapholeberis aurita
Scaphokberis kingi
Sida crystallina
Simocephalus semilatus
Simocephalus vetulus
Streblocercus serricaudatus
Bythotrephes cederstroemi
Eubosntina longispina
Ceriodaphnia quadrangida
Diaphanosoma birgei
Chydorus globosus
Alonella acutirostris
Eubosmina sp.
Acantholeberis sp.
Acroperus sp.
Alonella sp.
Anchistropus sp.
Bosniina sp.
Bythotrephes sp.
Camptocercus sp.
Chydorus sp.
Daphnia sp.
Diaphanosoma sp.
Eurycercus sp.
Eubosmina sp.
Graptoleberis sp.
Holopedium sp.

26

Table 2 (cont'd.)

SPECIES ID SPECIES ABBREV

SPECIES NAME

174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
199
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219

ILY SP Ifyocrytus sp.

KUR SP Kurzia sp.

LATON SP Latona sp.

LEPTO SP Leptodora sp.

MACROTH Macrothrix sp.

OPHR SP Ophryoxus sp.

OXY SP Oxyurella sp.

PLEU SP Pleuroxus sp.

POLYP SP Polyphemus sp.

PSEUD SP Pseudochydoms sp.

SCAP SP Scapholeberis sp.

SIDA SP Sida sp.

SIMOC SP Simocephalus sp.

DAP MIDD Daphnia middcndorffiana

UNID CLAD Unidentified Cladoceran

CAL COP Calanoid copepodid

LEPTO ASHL Leptodiaptomus ashlandi

AGLA LEPT Aglaodiaptonms leptopus

LEPTO MIN Leptodiaptomus minutus

SKIS OREG Skistodiaptonuis oregonensis

SKIS REIG Skistodiaptonuis reighardi

ONY SANG Onychodiaptomus sanguineus

LEPTO SICI Leptodiaptomus sicilis

LEP SICILO Leptodiaptomus siciloides

EPI LAC Episcltura lacustris

E LAC CO Episcltura lacustris copepodid

LIM MACR Limnocalanus macmrus

SEN CALA Senecella calanoides

S CAL CO Senecella calanoides copepodid

CAL NAUP Calanoid nauplius

SE CA NAU Senecella calanoides nauplius

DI STAG Diaptomus stagnalis

LI MA COP Limnocalanus macrurus copepodid

LI MA NAU Limnocalanus macrurus nauplius

27

Table 2 (cont'd.)

SPECIES ID SPECIES ABBREV

SPECIES NAME

220
221
.225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328

NAUP Nauplius-calanoid or cyclopoid

COP Copepodid-calanoid or cyclopoid

AGLAO SP Aglaodiaptomus sp.

DIAPT SP Diaptomus sp.

EPIS SP Epischura sp.

EURYT SP Eurytemora sp.

HESPER SP Hesperodiaptoinus sp.

LEPTO SP Leptodiaptomus sp.

LIMNO SP Limnocalanus sp.

ONYCHO SP Onychodiaptomus sp.

SENECSP Scnecellasp.

SKISTO Skistodiaptoinus sp.

CYC COP Cyclopoid copepodid

C B THOM Cyclops bicuspidatus thomasi

CYC SCUT Cyclops scuiifer

CYC VERN Cyclops vemalis

ERG SP Ergasilus sp.

EUC AGIL Eucyclops agitis

EUC SPER Eucyclops speratus

MAC ALBI Macrocyclops albidus

MES EDAX Mesocyclops edax

ORT MODE Orthocyclops modes tus

P F POPP Paracyclops fimbriatus poppei

T P MEX Tropocyclops prasinus mexicanus

CYC NAUP Cyclopoid nauplius

ACAN SP Acanthocyclops sp.

CYCLOPS Cyclops sp.

DIACYC Diacyclops sp.

ECTOCYC Ectocyciops sp.

ERGA SP Ergasilus sp.

EUCYC Eucyclops sp.

MACROC Macrocyclops sp.

MESOC Mesocyclops sp.

MICROC Microcyclops sp.

28

Table 2 (cont'd.)

SPECIES ID SPECIES ABBREV

SPECIES NAME

329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
401
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518

ORTHOC
PARAC
TROPOC
ECTO POLY
EUC SERR
EUC NEOM
E M DEHT
EUC PRIO
T P PRAS
TRO EXT
ACA ROB
ACA VENTU
A VBIS
ACA CAR
MES AMER
K SER CUR
ANU FISS
ANUSP
ASC ECA
ASC OVAL
ASCSP
ASP HERR
ASP PRIO
ASP SP
ASP MULT
ASOPSIS
BRA ANGU
BRA CALY
BRA HA VA
BRA PATU
BRA QUAD
BRA URCE
BRACSP
CEPHA SP

Orthocyclops sp.
Paracyclops sp.
Tropocyclops sp.
Ectocyclops polyspinosus
Eucyclops semilatiis
Eucyclops neomacruroides
Eucyclops macniroides denticulatus
Eucyclops prionophorus
Tropocyclops prasinus prasinus
Tropocyclops extensus
Acanthocyclops robustus
Acanthocyclops venustoides
Acanthocyclops venustoides bispinosus
Acanthocyclops carolinianus
Mesocyclops americanus
Keratella serrulata curvicomis
Anuraeopsis fissa
Anuraeopsis sp.
Ascomorpha ecaudis
Asconiorpha ovalis
Ascomorpha sp.
Asplanchna herricki
Asplanchna priodonta
Asplanchna sp.
Asplanchnopsis multiceps
Asplanchnopsis sp.
Brachionus angiilaris
Brachionus calyciflorus
Brachionus havaniensis
Brachionus patulus
Brachionus quadridcntata
Brachionus urceolaris
Brachionus sp.
Cephalodella sp.

29

Table 2 (cont'd.)

SPECIES ID SPECIES ABBREV

SPECIES NAME

519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552

CHRO OVA
CHRO SP
COL MUT
COLS?
COLU UNC
COLU SP
CONO COE
CONO EXI
CONO NAT
CONOSP
CON HIPP
CON UNI
CONSP
EUCHL SP
HL LONG
FIL TERM
FILSP
GAS HYPT
GAS STYL
GAS SP
HEXSP
KEL BOST
KEL LONG
KELSP
KER COCH
KER CRAS
KER EARL
KER HIEM
KER QUAD
KER TAUR
KER TEST
KERSP
LEG LIGO
LEC LUNA

Chromogaster ovalis
Chromogaster sp.
Collotheca mutabilis
Collotheca sp.
Colurella uncinata
Colurella sp.

Conochiloides coenobasis
Conochiloides exiguus
Conochiloides natans
Conochiloides sp.
Conochilus hippocrepis
Conochilus uniconis
Conochilus sp.
Euchlanis sp.
Filinia longiseta
Filinia terminalis
Filinia sp.
Gastropiis hyplopus
Gastropus stylifer
Gastropus sp.
Hexarthra sp.
Ketlicottia bostoniensis
Kellicottia longispina
Kellicottia sp.
Keratella cochlearis
Keratella crassa
Keratella earlinae
Keratella hiemalis
Keratella qiiadrata
Keratella taurocephala
Keratella testudo
Keratella sp.
Lecane ligona
Lecane liina

30

Table 2 (cont'd.)

SPECIES ID SPECIES ABBREV

SPECIES NAME

553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586

LEG MIRA
LEC SIG
LEGS?
LEP AGUM
LEP PAT
LEPSP
MONO SP
MON BULL
MON LUN
MON QUAD
MONSP
NOTH ACU
NOTH LAB
NOTH SOU
NOTH SP
PLA PATU
PLASP
PLOE LEN
PLOETRI
PLOE TRU
PLOE SP
POLY DOL
POLY EUR
POLYMAJ
POLY REM
POLY VUL
POLY SP
POM SUL
POMSP
SYNOBL
SYNPEG
SYNSTYL
SYN SP
TEST PAT

Lecane mira
Lecane signifera
Lecane sp.
Lepadella acuminata
Lepadella patella
Lepadella sp.
Monommata sp.
Monostyla bulla
Monostyla lunaris
Monostyla quadridentata
Monostyla sp.
Notholca acuminata
Not hole a lab is
Notholca squamula
Notholca sp.
Platyias patulus
Platyias sp.
Ploesoma lenticulare
Ploesoma tricanthum
Ploesoma tmncatum
Ploesoma sp.
Polyarthra doHchoptera
Polyarthra euryptera
Polyarthra major
Polyarthra remata
Polyarthra vulgaris
Polyarthra sp.
Pompholyx sulcata
Pompholyx sp.
Synchaeta oblonga
Synchaeta pectinala
Synchaeta stylata
Synchaeta sp.
Testiidinella patina

31

Table 2 (cont'd.)

SPECIES ID SPECIES ABBREV

SPECIES NAME

587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621

TEST SP
TRIG CYL
TRIG HIP
TRIG MUL
TRIG LON
TRIG POR
TRIG ROU
TRIG SIM
TRIG SP
TRI POGI
TRI TETR
TRI SP
UNID ROT
G PUNG 1
G PUNG 2
G PUNG 3
G PUNG 4
G PUNG P
G PUNG
GFLAV 1
GFLAV2
GFLAV 3
GFLAV 4
GFLAVP
GFLAV
G TRIV 1
G TRIV 2
G TRIV 3
G TRIV 4
G TRIV P
G TRIV
G AMER 1
G AMER 2
G AMER 3

Testudinella sp.
Trichocerca cylindrica
Trichocerca hippocrepis
Trichocerca multicrinis
Trichocerca longiseta
Trichocerca porcellus
Trichocerca rousseleti
Trichocerca similis
Trichocerca sp.
Trichotria pocillunt
Trichoma tetractis
Trichotria sp.
Unidentified rotifer
Chaoboms punctipennis instar 1
Chaoboms punctipennis instar 2
Chaoboms punctipennis instar 3
Chaoborus punctipennis instar 4
Chaoborus punctipennis pupa
Chaoborus punctipennis
Chaoborus flavicans instar 1
Chaoborus flavicans instar 2
Chaoborus flavicans instar 3
Chaoborus flavicans instar 4
Chaoborus flavicans pupa
Chaoborus flavicans
Chaoborus trivittatus instar 1
Chaoborus trivittatus instar 2
Chaoborus trivittatus instar 3
Chaoborus trivittatus instar 4
Chaoborus trivittatus pupa
Chaoborus trivittatus
Chaoborus amcricanus instar 1
Chaoborus amcricanus instar 2
Chaoborus amcricanus instar 3

32

Table 2 (cont'd.)

SPECIES ID SPECIES ABBREV

SPECIES NAME

622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
701
702
703

C AMER 4
C AMER P
C AMER
GALBA 1
GALBA 2
G ALBA 3
G ALBA 4
G ALBA P
GALBA
GHAOB SP
GHAO PUP
GHAOB II
GHAOB 12
GHAOB 13
GHAOB 14
MYSIS
PERIDIN '
DINOBRYON
GERATIUM

Chaoborus americanus instar 4
Chaoboms americanus pupa
Chaoborus americanus
Chaoborus albatus instar 1
Chaoborus albatus instar 2
Chaoborus albatus instar 3
Chaoborus albatus instar 4
Chaoborus albatus pupa
Chaoborus albatus
Chaoborus sp.
Chaoboms sp. pupa
Chaoboms sp. instar 1
Chvoboms sp. instar 2
Chaoboms sp. instar 3
Chaoboms sp. instar 4
Mysis relicta
Peridinium spp.
Dinobryon spp. Colonies
Ceratium hirundinella

33

Table 3 Contents of the Z CODE table (September 1992).

TABLE

PARAMETER

CODE

DESCRIPTION

Z SAMPLE STYPE CODE

COMPl composite of several vertical hauls at one

station
COMP2 composite of vertical hauls from several

stations
COMP3 a single vertical haul at one station

DISl sample from a discrete depth

DIS2 composite of >1 station at 1 depth

DIS3 composite of > 1 discrete depth at one station

DIS4 composite of > 1 discrete depth at > 1 station

DIS5 epilimnetic composite of S/P traps

DIS6 hypolimnetic composite of S/P traps

Z SAMPLE TECH CODE

TP

NY

BO

DH

SD

RG

KR

JC

WK

Trevor Pawson
Norm Van
Brian O'Reilly
Dave Howell
Sheila David
Robert Girard
Kim Ralph
Jim Carbone
Bill Keller

Z SAMPLE XS CODE

SS special study

QAQCl replicate sample series

UNREP sample unrepresentative of community

REG regular sample

IRREG irregular sampling strategy

MSLBD bench sheet mislabelled

Z SAMPLE LOC CODE

WG

DRC

CT

William Gelling
Dorset Research Centre
Claudiu Tudorancea

34

Table 3 (cont'd.)

TABLE PARAMETER

CODE

DESCRIPTION

Z SAMPLE STUDY CODE

APIOS Acid Precipitation in Ontario study

Les Lakeshore Capacity Study

SES Sudbury Environmental Study

YORK York University

Z SAMPLE VOLCALC CODE

actual w & w/o haul data
actual w & fixed w/o data
assumed 100% efficiency
s/p trap vol * # of stations
s/p vol * proportion of that strata

Z COUNT CNT TYPE CODE

QAQCl replicate count with same count protocol

QAQC2 repeat count with different count protocol

R routine

SS special study

Z COUNT CNT SYSTEM CODE

Z2S1 Zebra2, Sprules caliper #1

Z2F2 Zebra2, Fowler calipers #2

ZlFl Zebral, Fowler calipers #1

ZlSl Zebral, Sprules caliper #1

DM dissecting microscope, counts without

measurements
CM compound microscope, counts without

measurements

Z COUNT TECH CODE

WG

William Ceiling

CT

ClaudiuTudorancea

NY

Norm Yan

RS

Richard Strus

BC

Bruce Cave

MP

Mike Paylor

RJ

Roberto Jain

JM

Judy McClellan

35

Table 3 (cont'd.)

TABLE

PARAMETER

CODE

DESCRIPTION

Z COUNT

CNT PRTCL CODE

RI

R2

R3
R4

R5

entire sample counted (SES 73-79)

total count fixed at 350-400 (LCS 1975 TO

1980)

250 animals, <50 per taxon, <30 nauplii

50 animals of SP135 & 142 counted (Plastic

Lake 1988,89)

50 animals of all large zooplankton (York

protocol)

Z COUNT

ROTIFER INDEX CODE

Z COUNT

CNT GRP CODE

Z COUNT

OMIT CODE

Z CHANGE TECH CODE

1

rotifers are extremely abundant

2

rotifers are abundant

3

typical rotifer abundance

4

rotifers are rare

5 ,

rotifers are extremely rare

CRUST

count of Crustacea only

CHAOB

count of chaoborus only

ROT

count of rotifers only

C_R

count of both Crustacea & rotifers

CCRA

Crustacea, chaoborus, rotifers and algae

CCR

Crustacea, chaoborus and rotifers

TAXON

count of 1 taxon only

SWARM

patch of zooplankton sampled numbers too

high ,

DENT

species entered twice on benchsheet

SSPCT

suspect count

TP

Trevor Pawson

NY

Norm Yan

36

Table 3 (cont'd.)

TABLE PARAMETER

CODE

DESCRIPTION

Z GEAR TYPE CODE

Z REMOVE TECH CODE

Z SUMMARY W CODE

Z SUMMARY LWR CODE

C/B

DRC modified Clarke-Bumpus sampler

S/P

Schindler/Patalas trap

NET

misc. nets

PUMP

pump sampler

TUBE

tube sample

BOTL

sampling bottle e.g., Van Dom

TP

Trevor Pawson

NY

Norm Yan

ZEB

biomass from measured animals m that

sample

RLWRl

measured lengths for that lake in other

years

RLWR2

measured lengths from other lakes

MEAN

grand mean weight for that species from all

lakes

Y&M

Yan & Mackie 1987. CJFAS 44: 382 (for

sp. 135)

CUL

Culver et al. 1985. CJFAS 42: 1380.

SPRL

Sprules et al. pers. comm.

MCAUL

MCCauley. (IBP) 1984

Z VOLUME TECH CODE

TP

NY

Trevor Pawson
Norm Yan

Z VOLUME TECHNIQUE CODE

FS folsom splitter

BBL mixing by bubbling and pipeting

STIR mixing by figure 8 stirring and pipeting

37

Table 3 (cont'd.)

TABLE

PARAMETER

CODE

DESCRIPTION

ZNOMENCLATURE

CHNG CODE

NEW a new species

SPLIT a split of an old species

LUMP lumping of old spp.

NAME new name for old species

GONE a name no longer used

38