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A Biogeographic Database 
of Rernutipte Corals 


Species of the Central Indo-Pacific 
Genera of the World 


SLi 


“st 


J.E.N. Vero 


SWS st RALIAN INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCE 


MONOGRAPH SERIE S Volume 10 


AMA 


A Biogeographic Database of 
Hermatypic Corals 


AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCE 
MONOGRAPH SERIES 
Volume 10 


A Biogeographic 
Database of 
Hermatypic Corals 


Species of the Central Indo-Pacific 
Genera of the World 


J.E.N. Veron 


SS 


Australian Institute of Marine Science 
1993 


First published in Australia in 1993 
Printed in Australia for the Australian Institute of Marine Science, Cape Ferguson, 
Queensland. PMB No 3, Townsville Mail Centre, 4810. 


© Australian Institute of Marine Science 1993 
This book is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of study, research, 
criticism, or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by 


any process without written permission. Inquiries should be made to the publisher. 


National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication data 


Veron, J.E.N. (John Edward Norwood). 
A biogeographic database of hermatypic coral species of the central 
Indo-Pacific, genera of the world. 


Bibliography. 
Includes index. 
ISBN 0 642 19194 8. 


1. Corals - Indo-Pacific Region - Identification. 2. Corals - Indo-Pacific region. 


I. Australian Institute of Marine Science. II. Title. (Series: Monograph series (Australian 
Institute of Marine Science); no. 10). 


593.6 


Contents 


Distribution, Abundance and Geographic Variation 
in Central Indo-Pacific Species 


1 Geographic Regions and Data Characteristics 
(a) Primary data: from original studies 
(b) Secondary data: from non-original Central Indo- 


Pacific studies 3 

(c) Tertiary data: from non-original Indo-Pacific-wide 
studies 4 
2 Data Sources 7 
(a) Primary data: from original studies 17 

(b) Secondary data: from non-original Central Indo- 

Pacific studies 19 

(c) Tertiary data: from non-original Indo-Pacific-wide 
studies 19 
3 Editorial Notes 21 
4 Family Astrocoeniidae 23 
5 Family Pocilloporidae , va 
6 Family Acroporidae 37 
7 Family Poritidae 131 
8 Family Siderastreidae 165 
9 Family Agariciidae 177 
10 Family Fungiidae 199 
11 Family Oculinidae 227 
12 Family Pectiniidae 231 
13. Family Mussidae 241 
14 Family Merulinidae Zo7 
15 Family Faviidae 265 
16 Family Trachyphylliidae 317 
17 Family Caryophylliidae 319 
18 Family Dendrophylliidae 331 


Distribution of Genera Worldwide 


19 Generic Distributions: Data Sources and Maps 343 
20 Acknowledgements 401 
21 Literature cited 403 


22 Index 417 


Tateyama 
/ 


‘ pe pee 
Amakusa eh) ~ Kushimoto 
~ \  Shirahama 


Tanegashima-® —Tosashimizu 


Amami ls. 
# Okinawa Is. 


G ® Yaeyama Is. 


PACIFIC 


eR Philippines 


sweet ta 


“es Papua New Guineas. 9, 7 
“> Torres Straite ate a 
Ashmore Reef aon. GBR N of Princess Charlotte Bay ooo 4 
Scot Reefs ~ £ oT : 
Kimberley Coastess e ! Be 
Rowley Shoals es 9 coral Sea ; a 
Dampier Arch. ° Central GBR ae 


Pilbara Coast . tS 7 
Ningaloo Reef Tract * Pompey & Swain Reefs “es. "* 
*. @ Capricorn & Bunker Reefs 


. ( 
Shark Bay @\: port Gregory 


Houtman Abrolhos Is. 


Flinders Reef 
N New South Wales 


Jurian Bay Geraldton 
Quinns Rock RA @ Elizabeth & Middleton Reefs 
Marmion cm /Solitary Is. 
Rottnest ia “be. ® Lord Howe |. 
Geographe Bay ccig’ © Researche Arch. WA), 
SW Coast ee S New South Wales 


Ss Australia 
Ny 


Figure 1. Location map for Central Indo-Pacific study sites. 


Distribution, 
Abundance and 
Geographic Variation in 
Central Indo-Pacific Species 


1 
Geographic Regions 
and Data Characteristics 


This volume summarises the distribution, abundance and geographic variation of a 
studied subset of hermatypic corals of the Central Indo-Pacific. Geographically, this area 
extends from Indonesia and Thailand in the west to the western border countries of the 
Pacific basin in the east; and from Japan in the north to Australia in the south. Biologically, it 
is the world’s centre of hermatypic coral diversity (Fig. 2). 

Species-level biogeographic data are presented in a compressed form which 
overviews regional detail (see Note 1, p. 22), but which is intended to preserve accuracy as 
far as possible in general statements. These data are not analysed or discussed in this 
volume; this will be done elsewhere. 

Data are presented in three levels of taxonomic reliability which should not be 
confused: (a) original, comprehensive, field and laboratory studies of Central Indo-Pacific 
species; (b) non-original, non-comprehensive species-level studies within the Central Indo- 
Pacific; (c) records of Central Indo-Pacific species from elsewhere in the Indo-Pacific. 


(a) Primary data: from original studies 
Characteristics 


All data were collected from original field studies by the author and his colleagues 
specifically for taxonomic and biogeographic purposes. 

They are based on a uniform taxonomy, facilitating direct and detailed comparisons 
between different biogeographic regions. Taxonomic and identification strengths, 
weaknesses and errors are uniform. 

They include estimates of abundance and summary observations of geographic 
variation in colony formation, skeletal morphology, ecology and colour. 

They are comprehensive presence/absence records for specific sites along the three 
major continental coastlines of the Central Indo-Pacific (Fig. 1). 


Use in this volume 


(a) All descriptive accounts of species 

All descriptive accounts of species, including geographic variation in abundance, 
colony formation, skeletal morphology, ecology and colour. 

(b) Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distributions 

All distribution records listed, for all species, under the heading Central Indo-Pacific 
latitudinal distribution. These are the three latitudinally contiguous regions in the Central 
Indo-Pacific which extend from very diverse tropical reefs at low latitudes to the extremes of 
hermatypic coral distribution at temperate high latitudes. These three regions are: 


1 


GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS AND 
DATA CHARACTERISTICS 


(1) Southern Papua New Guinea and Eastern Australia. Biogeographic data, 
including presence/absence records, are summarised for each species for the 
following locations. These records, summarised in Table 1, are believed to be 
comprehensive for all localities except the Coral Sea (see p. 17). 


(a) S Papua New Guinea 
(b) Coral Sea 
(c) Torres Strait 
(d) GBR N of Princess Charlotte Bay 
(e) GBR S of Princess Charlotte Bay, the Great Barrier Reef 
excluding the Pompey, Swain, 
Capricorn and Bunker Reefs 
(f) Pompey and Swain Reefs 
(g) Capricorn and Bunker Reefs 
(h) Flinders Reef (near Brisbane) 
(i) Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs temperate coral reefs 
(j) Lord Howe I. 
(k) Solitary Is. 
(1) N New South Wales 
(m) S New South Wales 
(n) Victoria 
(0) S Australia 


high-latitude coral 
communities 


(2) Western Australia. Biogeographic data, including presence/absence 
records, are summarised for each species for the following locations. These records, 
summarised in Table 2, are believed to be comprehensive for all localities. 
Additional records for the Kimberley and Pilbra Coasts and Shark Bay are included 
in the text and/or Table 2 (see below). 


(a) Ashmore Reef 

(b) Scott Reef shelf-edge atolls 
(c) Rowley Shoals 

(d) Dampier Archipelago 

(e) Ningaloo Reef Tract coastal coral reefs 


(f) Houtman Abrolhos Is. 

(g) Port Gregory 

(h) Geraldton 

(i) Jurian Bay 

(j) Marmion high-latitude coral 
(k) Rottnest I. communities 

(1) Geographe Bay 

(m) SW coast 

(n) Researche Archipelago 


GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS AND 
DATA CHARACTERISTICS 


Additional records, but not necessarily representative ones, 
were obtained from collections of the Western Australian Museum as 
follows: 

In the north are twelve islands or island archipelagoes adjacent 
to the Kimberley region, as well as several coastal locations south to 
Broome: these are collectively referred to as the ‘Kimberley coast’. 

Further south, between the Dampier Archipelago and NW 
Cape, are seven islands and island archipelagoes: these are collectively 
referred to as the ‘Pilbra coast’. 

Five islands, forming the western border of Shark Bay (north to 
Point Quobba) are collectively referred to as the ‘Shark Bay region’. 


(3) Philippines and Japan. Biogeographic data, including presence/absence 
records, are summarised for each species for the following locations. These records, 
summarised in Table 3, are believed to be comprehensive for all localities. 


(a) Philippines 

(b) Yaeyama Is. 

(c) Okinawa Is. Ryukyu Is., Japan 
(d) Amami Is. 

(e) Tanegashima 

(f) Amakusa Is. 

(g) Tosashimizu 

(h) Shirahama mainland Japan 
(i) Kushimoto 

(j) Izu 

(k) Tateyama 


coral reefs 


high-latitude coral 
communities 


(c) Additional Central Indo-Pacific regions 

Comprehensive distribution records for Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, Thailand, Hong Kong 
and Vanuatu. These records are listed, for each species, under the heading Additional Central 
Indo-Pacific Records. Biogeographic data have the same characteristics as the above regions, 
differing only in that they do not form part of any major latitudinally contiguous distribution. 


(b) Secondary data: from non-original Central Indo-Pacific studies 
Characteristics, uses in this volume and geographic regions covered 


Used for distribution records, but not records of species attributes. 

Taxonomic and identification weaknesses and errors are not equal. 

Data are not comprehensive for any one country and are not suitable for quantative analysis. 

Taxonomic reliability varies greatly from one data source to the next. Records that 
appeared doubtful in original sources have been re- evaluated wherever possible. 

Records are strongly biased in favour of species described in Scleractinia of eastern 
Australia and Corals of Australia and the Indo-Pacific. These data, therefore, are not intended to 
indicate diversity. 


GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS AND 
DATA CHARACTERISTICS 


Combined with primary data, records are listed under the heading Additional Central 
Indo-Pacific Records. 


(c) Tertiary data: from non-original Indo-Pacific-wide studies 
Characteristics, uses in this volume and geographic regions covered 


Were obtained from all sources, including relevant publications listed, pp.343-345. 

Combined with primary and secondary data, these records are used in the 
determination of longitudinal distributions. They are indicative only and are very prone to 
identification error as well as error due to incomplete study. They span the full range of the 
Indo-Pacific. 


GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS AND 
DATA CHARACTERISTICS 


Table 1. Summary of the distribution of hermatypic corals in the principal geographic regions of 
Southern Papua New Guinea and Eastern Australia. The species composition of all zones except the 
Coral Sea (see text) is considered to be highly representative. 


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BOEZOSORBIRZRESS BOEZEEOERIRZRES 
Acanthastrea amakusaensis X--- X-- eee eee ee Acropora nana XXXXXK- XX------- 
Acanthastrea bowerbanki - X----+- XXXX----- Acropora nasuta XXXXK- XXX------ 
Acanthastrea echinata XXXXXXXKX------ Acropora nobilis XXXXX- XX------- 
Acanthastrea hillae X- - XX- XXXKXX- - - Acropora palifera XXXXXXXXXK----- 
Acanthastrea lordhowensis X------ XXX- X-- - Acropora palmerae ~-> -> X~ XXXK-----=- 
Acrhelia horrescens X- XXXXX-------- Acropora paniculata - XXXX---------- 
Acropora aculeus XXXXX- X-------- Acropora polystoma -XXXX+---++--+--- 
Acropora acuminata - XXXX- X-------- Acropora pulchra X- XXX X- X------ 
Acropora anthocercis XXXXK- X- X------ Acropora robusta XXXXX- XX------- 
Acropora aspera XXXXX- X- X------ Acropora rosaria - X- XX---------- 
Acropora austera XXXXX- XXXK----- - Acropora samoensis XXXXX- XKX------- 
Acropora azurea ---++ XK--+---+---+---- Acropora sarmentosa XXXXX- XKK------ 
Acropora brueggemanni XXXXX- X-------- Acropora secale XXXXK- XK------- 
Acropora bushyensis --+-K-X----+---- Acropora selago XXXXX--- + ------ 
Acropora cardenae ----X---+-------- Acropora solitaryensis X- XXX- - XX- XX- - - 
Acropora carduus AKXX Ke - - - eer ee Acropora subglabra XXXXX---------- 
Acropora caroliniana X-- XX- K-------- Acropora subulata XXXXKX-- X------- 
Acropora cerealis XXXXK- X-------- Acropora tenuis XXXXX- X- X------ 
Acropora chesterfieldensis Ss Sl Acropora tortuosa ---XX---X------ 
Acropora clathrata XXXKXX- XK------- Acropora valenciennesi XXXXX- X-------- 
Acropora cuneata ~ XAXAXXKX- - eo ~~ - Acropora valida XXXXX- XXX- X-- - - 
Acropora cytherea XXXXX- XKX- K- -- - Acropora vaughani KXXKX- si pl eg 
Acropora danai XXXXX- XKX- K- -- - Acropora verweyi XXXXX- XX-- X---- 
Acropora dendrum XXXXKX- K-------- Acropora wallaceae - 2+ XX---+---- oe 
Acropora digitifera XXXXX- X- X------ Acropora willisae X- XXX- K--- X---- 
Acropora divaricata XXXXX- XX------- Acropora yongei - - XXX- XXXKKX- - - - 
Acropora donei -~ XXXX- XX------- Acropora sp.1 E Australia -- ++ XX--------- 
Acropora echinata XXXXX---------- Acropora sp.2E Australia - - - - - X--------- 
Acropora elseyi XXXXX---------- Acropora sp.3 E Australia ---- X-- +--+ ee 
Acropora florida X- XKXX- XX------- Acropora sp.4E Australia = - - - - - - X-------- 
Acropora formosa XXXXXXK-------- Acropora sp.5 E Australia - X- XX- X-------- 
Acropora gemmifera XXXXKXX- XXKX----- Alveopora allingi - XXXX-- X- X----- 
Acropora glauca 72 - XX- XXXXX- - -- Alveopora catali X- XXXX--------- 
Acropora grandis XXXXXXXK------- Alveopora fenestrata - X-XKX- X-- 2 ---+5 
Acropora granulosa XXXKK- X-------- Alveopora gigas woe Gos Keyes apa are fs 
Acropora horrida XXXXXKXXK- X------ Alveopora marionensis 7 KX~ X- = Xo ee ee te 
Acropora humilis XXXXXXXK------- Alveopora spongiosa XXXXXKXXXXX--- - - 
Acropora hyacinthus XXXXXXXXKXXK- - - Alveopora tizardi ----XXX-------- 
Acropora kirstyae X---X-------+--- Alveopora verilliana - X-- X--- X------ 
Acropora latistella KXXXXXK- XXXXKX-- - - Anacropora forbesi X- XXX---------- 
Acropora listeri XXXKX--- XK------ Anacropora matthai X- --X---------- 
Acropora longicyathus XXXXXXX-------- Anacropora puertogalerae X- XXX---------- 
Acropora loripes XXXXXK- X-------- Anacropora reticulata X--- X---------- 
Acropora lovelli ----X---XX----- Astreopora cucullata - X----XXX------ 
Acropora lutkeni - XXXX- KX+------ Astreopora explanata XP Mek ae ts oh eg. SE 
Acropora microclados XXXXX-- X24 ----- Astreopora gracilis XXXXX- X-------- 
Acropora microphthalma XXXXX----- +--+ -- Astreopora listeri - XXXXXXXX------ 
Acropora millepora XXXXX- XXX- X--- - Astreopora macrostoma 2-X+------------ 
Acropora monticulosa MXXKX- see ree eee Astreopora moretonensis - X----XXXX----- 
Acropora multiacuta -- XXXXK--------- Astreopora myriophthalma XXXXXXXX------- 


Astreopora ocellata XX 
Astreopora sp. E Australia 
Astreopora sp. PNG X - 
Australogyra zelli X- 
Barabattoia amicorum - X 
Blastomussa merleti X- 
Blastomussa wellsi XX 
Catalaphyllia jardinei -- 
Caulastrea curvata XxX 
Caulastrea echinulata X- 
Caulastrea furcata XX 
Caulastrea tumida - X 
Coeloseris mayeri - X 
Coscinaraea columna XX 
Coscinaraea crassa XX 
Coscinaraea exesa XX 


Coscinaraea marshae -- 
Coscinaraea mcneilli -- 


Coscinaraea wellsi XX 
Ctenactis crassa -- 
Ctenactis echinata XX 
Cycloseris costulata X - 
Cycloseris curvata X- 
Cycloseris cyclolites =- 
Cycloseris erosa X- 
Cycloseris marginata ae 
Cycloseris patelliformis XxX 
Cycloseris sinensis X- 
Cycloseris somervillei X - 
Cycloseris tenuis -- 
Cycloseris vaughani XxX 
Cynarina lacrymalis XX 
Cyphastrea agassizi -- 
Cyphastrea chalcidium XX 
Cyphastrea japonica XX 
Cyphastrea microphthalma XX 
Cyphastrea ocellina -- 
Cyphastrea serailia XxX 
Diaseris distorta -- 
Diaseris fragilis ~S 
Diploastrea heliopora XX 
Duncanopsammia axifuga X - 
Echinophyllia aspera XX 
Echinophyllia echinata - X 
Echinophyllia echinoporoides  X - 
Echinophyllia orpheensis XX 
Echinopora gemmacea ae 
Echinopora hirsutissima -- 
Echinopora horrida XX 
Echinopora lamellosa - X 
Echinopora mammiformis X- 
Echinopora pacificus -- 
Euphyllia ancora X- 
Euphyllia cristata X- 
Euphyllia divisa X- 
Euphyllia glabrescens XX 
Euphyllia paraancora X- 
Euphyllia yaeyamaensis X - 
Favia danae XX 
Favia favus XX 
Favia helianthoides - X 
Favia laxa X - 
Favia lizardensis X- 
Favia maritima X- 


algae ful fold 4 5 


XXXXX-------.- 
XXXXX- X------ 


XXXXX-------. 
XXXXXXX- X---- 


GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS AND 
DATA CHARACTERISTICS 


Favia matthaii 

Favia maxima 

Favia pallida 

Favia rotumana 

Favia rotundata 

Favia speciosa 

Favia stelligera 

Favia veroni 

Favia sp. 1 PNG 
Favia sp. 2 PNG 
Favites abdita 

Favites chinensis 
Favites complanata 
Favites flexuosa 
Favites halicora 
Favites pentagona 
Favites russelli 

Fungia concinna 
Fungia corona 

Fungia danai 

Fungia fungites 
Fungia granulosa 
Fungia horrida 

Fungia klunzingeri 
Fungia moluccensis 
Fungia paumotensis 
Fungia repanda 
Fungia scabra 

Fungia scruposa 
Fungia scutaria 
Fungia valida 

Galaxea astreata 
Galaxea fascicularis 
Gardineroseris planulata 
Goniastrea aspera 
Goniastrea australensis 
Goniastrea edwardsi 
Goniastrea favulus 
Goniastrea palauensis 
Goniastrea pectinata 
Goniastrea retiformis 
Goniopora columna 
Goniopora djiboutensis 
Goniopora eclipsensis 
Goniopora fruticosa 
Goniopora lobata 
Goniopora minor 
Goniopora norfolkensis 
Goniopora palmensis 
Goniopora pandorensis 
Goniopora pendulus 
Goniopora somaliensis 
Goniopora sp.1 E Australia 
Goniopora sp.2 E Australia 
Goniopora stokesi 
Goniopora stutchburyi 
Goniopora tenuidens 
Halomitra pileus 
Heliofungia actiniformis 
Herpolitha limax 
Herpolitha weberi 
Heteropsammia cochlea 
Hydnophora exesa 
Hydnophora grandis 


XXXXXXX- X------ 
-- XXXXX- X------ 
XXXXXXXXXX--- - - 
XXXXXXX- XX---- - 


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XXOMKe KNX o% + 
XXXXKNXw oo Xa sos 
OXe BXLe fees ess 
NieKese sg bees 
Bs ee oie eo Sy ee 


XXXXX- XXXKXX- - - 
X- XXX- XXX------ 
XXXXX---- X----- 
XXXXX- XXKXXX- - - 
XXXXX- X- X- X- - - - 
XXXXX- XXK------ 
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XXXXXXXXK- XX-- - 
XXXXXXX- X------ 


- XXXXXXXX------ 
XXXXXXX- XX----- 
2... D, @. aaa ee 


Se aie Goa foe oy 
XXXXX- MRK. -.. 


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Hydnophora microconos 
Hydnophora pilosa 
Hydnophora rigida 
Leptastrea bewickensis 
Leptastrea inaequalis 
Leptastrea pruinosa 
Leptastrea purpurea 
Leptastrea transversa 
Leptoria irregularis 
Leptoria phrygia 
Leptoseris explanata 
Leptoseris foliosa 
Leptoseris gardineri 
Leptoseris hawatiensis 
Leptoseris mycetoseroides 
Leptoseris papyracea 
Leptoseris scabra 
Leptoseris solida 
Leptoseris yabei 
Lithophyllon mokai 
Lobophyllia corymbosa 
Lobophyllia diminutia 
Lobophyllia hatati 
Lobophyllia hemprichii 
Lobophyllia pachysepta 
Lobophyllia robusta 
Madracis kirbyi 
Merulina ampliata 
Merulina scabricula 
Montastrea annuligera 
Montastrea curta 
Montastrea magnistellata 
Montastrea valenciennesi 
Montipora aequituberculata 
Montipora angulata 
Montipora australiensis 
Montipora caliculata 
Montipora capricornis 
Montipora corbettensis 
Montipora crassituberculata 
Montipora danae 
Montipora digitata 
Montipora efflorescens 
Montipora floweri 
Montipora foliosa 
Montipora foveolata 
Montipora grisea 
Montipora hispida 
Montipora hoffmeisteri 
Montipora incrassata 
Montipora informis 
Montipora millepora 
Montipora mollis 
Montipora monasteriata 
Montipora nodosa 
Montipora peltiformis 
Montipora spongodes 
Montipora spumosa 
Montipora stellata 
Montipora tuberculosa 
Montipora turgescens 
Montipora turtlensis 
Montipora undata 
Montipora venosa 


GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS AND 
DATA CHARACTERISTICS 


XXXXXK- XX- - X--- - 


XXXXXXX- X------ 
XXXXXXXKXXX--- -- 


XXXXXXX--XX---- 
XXXXXXX-------- 


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XO XXNA ASS S SS 


SRN K Xs too phe SS 
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X- XXX----- X---- 
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XKXKRS XX GSS sss 
X2XRK- SS SSS = 


- XXXXXKX- XX----- 
- XXXX- XXKXKX----- 


Montipora verrucosa 
Montipora sp.1 E Australia 
Montipora sp.2 E Australia 
Montipora sp.3 E Australia 
Moseleya latistellata 
Mycedium elephantotus 
Mycedium robokaki 
Oulophyllia bennettae 
Oulophyllia crispa 
Oxypora glabra 
Oxypora lacera 
Pachyseris rugosa 
Pachyseris speciosa 
Palauastrea ramosa 
Paraclavarina triangularis 
Pavona bipartita 
Pavona cactus 

Pavona clavus 

Pavona decussata 
Pavona explanulata 
Pavona maldivensis 
Pavona minuta 

Pavona varians 

Pavona venosa 

Pectinia alcicornis 
Pectinia elongata 
Pectinia lactuca 
Pectinia paeonia 
Physogyra lichtensteint 
Platygyra contorta 
Platygyra daedalea 
Platygyra lamellina 
Platygyra pini 
Platygyra ryukyuensis 
Platygyra sinensis 
Plerogyra sinuosa 
Plesiastrea versipora 
Pocillopora damicornis 
Pocillopora eydouxi 
Pocillopora meandrina 
Pocillopora verrucosa 
Pocillopora woodjonesi 
Podabacia crustacea 
Podabacia motuporensis 
Polyphyllia talpina 
Porites annae 

Porites australiensis 
Porites cylindrica 
Porites deformis 
Porites densa 

Porites evermanni 
Porites heronensis 
Porites lichen 

Porites lobata 

Porites lutea 

Porites mayeri 

Porites murrayensis 
Porites myrmidonensis 
Porites nigrescens 
Porites rus 

Porites solida 

Porites stephensoni 
Porites vaughani 
Porites sp. PNG 1 


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XXXXXXKX- X---+- 
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X- XXX-X--X----- 
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X- XXX- X-------- 
XXXXXXX-X------ 
X- XXXX--------- 
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XL KK tae ts 
X- XXXXX-------- 
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X- XXXXX-------- 
~XXNKs XIU LL 
XXXXXXX-X---X-- 


XXXXXXXXXXKX-- - - 
XXXXXXXXXX---- - 
XXXXXXXXXX---- - 
XXXXXXXXXKXKX- - - - 


XXXKK- X- ++ KS s 
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K-SUKXe Gee ee 
X- XXXXX-------- 
SEKOUEKA e 5 SRE Be 
BO Ee pp TS hee 


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X- XXXXXXX-X---- 
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XO XK ote ss 
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X---2- X- XXX-- - - 
XXXXXXX- XX---- - 
XXXXXXXX------- 
XXXXKX- XX------- 


Porites sp. PNG 2 
Psammocora contigua 
Psammocora digitata 
Psammocora explanulata 
Psammocora haimeana 
Psammocora nierstraszi 
Psammocora profundacella 
Psammocora superficialis 
Pseudosiderastrea tayamai 
Sandalolitha robusta 
Scapophyllia cylindrica 
Scolymia australis 
Scolymia vitiensis 
Seriatopora caliendrum 
Seriatopora hystrix 
Stylaraea punctata 
Stylocoeniella armata 
Stylocoeniella guentheri 
Stylophora pistillata 
Symphyllia agaricia 
Symphyllia radians 
Symphyllia recta 
Symphyllia valenciennesi 
Trachyphyllia geoffroyi 
Turbinaria bifrons 


GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS AND 
DATA CHARACTERISTICS 


Xie Se te oe ee ee Turbinaria frondens XXXXXXXXKXXXKX--- 
XXXXX- XKXXX----- Turbinaria heronensis ---XXXXK- xX 

X- XXX-- K------- Turbinaria mesenterina XXXKXXXKXXX- X- X- - 
-- XXX---------- Turbinaria patula X- XXXKKKKKK--- - 
---XX- XXXK- X---- Turbinaria peltata XXXXKXXXKKXX---- 
---X----XK------ Turbinaria radicalis -- KXXXKXKXXXxX--- 
KEK KKK op A" oP ota? Stes, Turbinaria reniformis X- XXXX----- 

X- XXXK- K- X- XX-- - Turbinaria stellulata X- XXXXKX- - - 

X- XXX---------- 

XXXXXXKX-------- TOTAL SPECIES 

XXXXXXKX-------- Southern Papua New Guinea 

---- ee XXXXX- XXKX Coral Sea ................ 

XXXXXXKXXKX------ Torres Strait ... 

XX- XX- X- K------ Northern Great Barrier Reef 

XXXXXXXKXKXX----- Central Great Barrier Reef 

----X---------- Pompey and Swain Reefs 

XXXXX- X- X------ Capricorn and Bunker Reefs .. 

XXXXX- X- XX- - X- - Flinders Reef......... err 

XKXXXXXXXXXKKX--- - Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs 
XXXXXKX-------- Lord Howe Island ... 

XXKXXXXK--- X---- Solitary Island 

XXXXXXX-------- Northern New South Wales 

XXXKXX- X- X------ | Southern New South Wales 

-- KXX- X-------- | Victoria ............... 

-- XXX- KX------- | South Australia 


fost ge fyrted 


GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS AND 


DATA CHARACTERISTICS 


Table 2. Summary of the distribution of hermatypic corals in principal geographic zones of Western 
Australia. The species composition of all zones except the Kimberley Coast and Shark Bay is considered 
to be highly representative. 


a, Es 

62-8 oO 

= 282% eee ge 2 

2 oles bese keys 

eA e ores Weyer ec ae 

geSe See ee SSC Zs ees 
EceepPeECG SESE ace 

SEGA ZSZES SASS SEE 

Acanthastrea bowerbanki X---------------- 
Acanthastrea echinata XXX-XXKXX--------- 
Acanthastreahillaa. = ---- - Dp eee 
Acanthastrea lordhowensis - - - - X------------ 
Acrhelia horrescens VOX eee Bee OOS ee 
Acropora abrolhosensis XXX-XX-X--------- 
Acropora aculeus --X-XX-XX-------- 
Acropora acuminata X------ Mis itc foe Se 
Acropora anthocercis XXK--XX-X--------- 
Acropora aspera X--+-XXXXX--+----+-+-=+- 
Acropora austera XXX-XKX-X--------- 
Acropora brueggemanni =XXXX------------- 
Acropora bushyensis = 839 - - - - - - > a eer ae rer 
Acropora caroliniana Nr Yrs 3 aye FO Ce ee 
Acropora cerealis XXX-XX-X--------- 
Acropora clathrata 13.6006 eee 
Acropora cytherea XXX-XX-X----- - eee 
Acropora danai XXX-XKX-X--------- 
Acroporadendrum = = - - - - - - - cage UL ep 
Acropora digitifera XXXXXXXXX-------- 
Acropora divaricata XX--XX-X---------* 
Acropora donei XXXX-+--X-------+--- 
Acropora elseyi KX 5 ce eh eee ee 
Acropora exquisita XX ss ee oe eee eee 
Acropora florida XXX-XXXX--------- 
Acropora formosa XXXXXX-X--+------- 
Acropora gemmifera MRR An ce ee eT 
Acropora glauca X-X-X--XXKX------- 
Acropora grandis XKX-XX-XK-------- 
Acropora granulosa XXXK--X-X--------- 
Acropora horrida RMRMX+XK+ Ko oe eee A 
Acropora humilis MiMi Keo Kes 2 II ALAA ep eG 
Acropora hyacinthus KXXXXXXKXX--X------ 
Acropora latistella XXXXXXXX--------- 
Acropora listeri 4 a in £2 to tot a eee Ee 
Acropora longicyathus XXX--X----------- 
Acropora loripes Nig ele we Oh Pe Fe Be 
Acropora lovelli ----X--X-K------- 
Acropora microclados --X--X----------- 
Acropora microphthalma XXXKXXX-X--------- 
Acropora millepora XXXXXXKXKX--X------ 
Acropora monticulosa KK Hae eae Sete 


Acropora nana 
Acropora nasuta 
Acropora nobilis 
Acropora palifera 
Acropora paniculata 
Acropora polystoma 
Acropora pulchra 
Acropora robusta 
Acropora samoensis 


XXX-XX-X 
XXX-XKX-X 
XXX-XX-X 


XXX-X--- 
) ee ae 
~bteReee 
XXXXXXXX 
XXX-XXXX 
X¥X-X--- 


4 ° 

28 8 s 

=» « SPES® & 

+ 86% f2pee bz 3 

2. B86 oe ee uk yas 

eer ess PaPsae sy sass 

ECoa eRe GCS cE EE RUS 

SZEESS SERRE SSS 
2RLZZAZ5LEG6 S625 55x 

Acropora. sarmentosa ----XX-X--------- 
Acropora selago XXX-XX--X-------- 
Acropora solitaryensis X-XXX-XXXX------- 
Acropora spicifera => > > = - XXX--------- 
Acropora stoddarti -XX-X--X--------- 
Acropora subglabra See ay ee er ee ee 
Acropora subulata XXX-XX-XX-------- 
Acropora tenuis XXX-XX-X--------- 
Acropora tortuosa Oe Klee Ki on op SOS 
Acropora valenciennest XX--XX-X--------- 
Acropora valida XXX-XXKXX--------- 
Acropora vaughani -XXK--X-X--------- 
Acropora verweyi X---XXXKX--------- 
Acropora willisae -X-++X%+-X-2+--++ + = 
Acropora yongei XXX-X--XX---X---- 
Acropora sp. 1 W Aust NAAN: eee el 
Acroporasp.2W Aust = - - --- - - ) a 
Alveopora allingi -XXX-XXX--------- 
Alveopora catali xe 2 Siete ss eh gS LTS} 
Alveopora fenestrata X-XXXX-X-X-KXK---- 
Alveopora gigas 7 7 ee > 
Alveopora spongiosa XXX--XXX--------- 
Alveopora tizardi --X---XX--------- 
Alveopora verilliana BE MS a ee MO RE ak he 8 ty Ae 
Anacropora puertogalerae - X--------------- 
Astreopora explanata XXX-XX-X--------- 
Astreopora gracilis bp Seen ey Bae an 
Astreopora myriophthalma XX X-XX-X--------- 
Astreopora ocellata X--XXX-X--------- 
Australomussa rowleyensis X X X - X - - X-- ----- 7 - 
Barbattoia amicorum --XXX-X----- Men oe 
Blastomussa merleti Bok ae OR efor eet tebe SE) 
Blastomussa wellsi = = = = ee - ME las tankie [nebo fo fp fo 8s 
Cantharellus noumeae tates tags boa te is 
Catalaphyllia jardinei Xy3 XOX 6 AE PP Pee 
Caulastrea curvata Ea eu det oho e bs el bsscdsg Z 
Caulastrea furcata eS a a a area: ee ae 
Caulastrea tumida Bp DKK 3 3s Ke 8 Le 
Coeloseris mayeri WN 5 335 253 S805 Sas 
Coscinaraea columna XX-XXXXX--X------ 
Coscinaraea exesa --X-XX-X--------- 
Coscinaraeamarshae == - - - - - - - X----XXXXX 
Coscinaraeameneilli = = = - = = = = = = XXXXXXX 
Ctenactis crassa KR KK nn ee eS 
Ctenactis echinata XX-X-X--- 4-2 ss eee 
Cycloseris costulata eS ee ees eee ee 
Cycloseris cyclolites eo Se ae a eee 
Cycloseris curvata 24 Rosi high ss BHR, Oe Sg 
Cycloseris marginata Kee thee ee ony so aee 
Cycloseris patelliformis 222 3He 2 RO Bae 2S - 
Cycloseris sinensis Ree ts ow ts We ts sigs ig le ett 


Cycloseris tenuis 
Cycloseris vaughani 
Cynarina lacrymalis 
Cyphastrea chalcidium 
Cyphastrea microphthalma 
Cyphastrea serailia 
Cyphastrea sp. W Aust 
Diaseris distorta 
Diaseris fragilis 
Diploastrea heliopora 
Duncanopsammia axifuga 
Echinophyllia aspera 
Echinophyllia echinata 
Echinophyllia orpheensis 
Echinopora gemmacea 
Echinopora hirsutissima 
Echinopora horrida 
Echinopora lamellosa 
Echinopra mammiformis 
Echinopora ashmorensis 
Euphyllia ancora 
Euphyllia cristata 
Euphyllia divisa 
Euphyllia glabrescens 
Favia favus 

Favia helianthoides 
Favia laxa 

Favia lizardensis 

Favia matthaii 

Favia maxima 

Favia pallida 

Favia rotumana 

Favia rotundata 

Favia sp. W Australia 
Favia speciosa 

Favia stelligera 

Favia veroni 

Favites abdita 

Favites chinensis 
Favites complanata 
Favites flexuosa 

Favites halicora 

Favites pentagona 
Favites russelli 

Favites sp. W Australia 
Fungia concinna 
Fungia fungites 

Fungia granulosa 
Fungia horrida 

Fungia klunzingeri 
Fungia paumotensis 
Fungia repanda 

Fungia scruposa 
Fungia scutaria 

Fungia valida 

Galaxea astreata 
Galaxea fascicularis 


___Gardinoseris planulata 


Goniastrea aspera 
Goniastrea qustralensis 
Goniastrea edwardsi 
Goniastrea favulus 
Goniastrea palauensis 
Goniastrea pectiniata 
Goniastrea retiformis 


GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS AND 
DATA CHARACTERISTICS 


ae dR ig eh ct Oe hat 
MEX ww Ke et bess 
24 BM £0 D pasdth eet, 2 
BRNO Xess pees} 3 
XXXXXXXXX-------- 
XXXXXXXXX---XX--- 
oN Ads Eel ge el Eee, Coed 
ee Cb ci eT a Rs pe ee 
AR eee Neo XK Poe plea 
X ERIKA te os oe 
oD > © o> eames 
XX--XXXX--------- 
Mee le ei Aas ee ttt ak 
XXX-XXXX--------- 
BEV at yeP ee et ad veh ee 
RM tts. te 
OX XEN. SES nos 
MORAN So ne oe gE 
Oy ee a ae ne 
Xeon EAs OS S43 Oe oe 2 
MRE Xa a that 8 
M OR a eS cle Bes th 
SOB, a We oe LE 
KNX XEN OX HG See a oe 
XXXXXXXXX---XX--- 
MMos Ke ee eh ge eth 
MEK PPS 2 Kees oo: 
XXX-KH- eM ecw ee 
MMMIOKN KG oe A 
XXX-XX- N.S. 2S 
XX NEKX- Xe - + 24 Ses 
XOX "Koes aL re te 
XKOORK SE... TIP 
ww eS os Jatt he 
XEXKXX-X + - TE 
XXX RK 
Xt XS sae eee 
XX-XXXXXX---XXX-- 
XEN KEK o | le eee 
XX AO Xo RS OS MX = 
X--XXX-XX---XX--- 
XXXXXX-X----- 5 ly a 
XXX XXX XSER Se ee 
XXX = KX eee 
tite Xo x eee 
XX. XRD. Se 
XEXXXX: = 4 SE 
XXXes 4 eee 
XXX: - = fas eee 
X = Xo + -cujae Oe 
XXX. XK 5 
XXEXXX- .. - 
BX OX ss 
XXX XL ee 
Xo nt a Se 
XXXIKX< 2 
XK KX 5X = See 
XE Xe LE ee 
XX-XXXXXX-X-XxXX-- 
---XXXXXXXXXXXX-- 
XXX REX XG OS ee 
XX = KK KEL Sie 
XX = Xe eee Katee 
XOXX XO Oe eee 


10 


Goniastrea sp. W Aust 
Goniopora columna 
Goniopora djiboutensis 
Goniopora lobata 
Goniopora minor 
Goniopora pandorensis 
Goniopora pendulus 
Goniopora somaliensis 
Goniopora sp. 1 W Aust 
Goniopora sp. 2 W Aust 
Goniopora sp. 3 W Aust 
Goniopora stokesi 
Goniopora stutchburyi 
Goniopora tenuidens 
Heliofungia actiniformis 
Herpolitha limax 
Herpolitha weberi 
Heteropsamunia cochlea 
Hydnophora exesa 
Hydnophora microconos 
Hydnophora pilosa 
Hydnophora rigida 
Leptastrea bottae 
Leptastrea inaequalis 
Leptastrea pruinosa 
Leptastrea purpurea 
Leptastrea sp. W Aust 
Leptastrea transversa 
Leptoria phrygia 
Leptoseris explanata 
Leptoseris foliosa 
Leptoseris hawaiiensis 
Leptoseris incrustans 
Leptoseris mycetoseroides 
Leptoseris papyracea 
Leptoseris scabra 
Leptoseris yabei 
Lithophyllon mokai 
Lithophyllon undulatum 
Lobophyllia corymbosa 
Lobophyllia diminutia 
Lobophyllia hataii 
Lobophyllia hemprichii 
Merulina ampliata 
Merulina scabricula 
Montastrea annuligera 
Montastrea curta 
Montastrea magnistellata 
Montastrea valenciennesi 
Montigyra kenti 

M ontipora aequituberculata 
Montipora angulata 
Montipora australiensis 
Montipora calcarea 
Montipora caliculata 
Montipora capricornis 
Montipora crassituberculata 
Montipora danae 
Montipora digitata 
Montipora efflorescens 
Montipora floweri 
Montipora foliosa 
Montipora foveolata 
Montipora grisea 
Montipora hispida 


cE fe eae he fo 5 ee ee 
XX s NONI ee ee 8 
XXX HK te nose ce 
Re KIO ae a ea as 
XXKKUK OAS sss sss 
ap eae eee oe eee ee ee 
Bre a es Xs - 
Ms fa ee sass 2 tin ae 
Th fees hg a gg agp pclae it gna 
SM ee epi wee ena we py ee 
ea ee oe Pe ee ae ee 
Nese Xs ¥Xs 24 tease 
X-XXX-XX--------- 
XXXXXXXXX-------- 
XH LESS ete woe 
KEXXNKN- OSE A 
PEM o OOO 

XM XK 
XXXXRKNS oe ene 
Me -RHXT ALE EE as 
XX--XXXX--------- 
XXX XX see eee ee 
Mata Kish tet did ele tat 
KX KX TUES hy pas 
XXXXXKIKA CoG oe 
NXXXXK Ry i St ees 
Koss sh aoe poe eee Oe 
XOONX DES =e eee ects 
RX MOK T LO baer es s 
XEN 1 KK a 2 ee w+ He 
MRO io Me X Se eee a 
MRIEOS KMS G2222-,- 
5 ea a 
MMX+ KXX 5-5-2 -- 
TOT eon BES EADS ter ye oe 2b 
GCN LE SS Ge, ene 
MX KEK ete 
nD Cretn > G ae oe re 
pine Wes ie Be ee a ls Ta 
TCA Ss cep, Celt cine girs Aas 
A Jae oe ee 
NEXKS OX Re Ks = eee 
REXCN CK aN reac: Se oe meres 
XEROX XEN OR Pee pe E 
RON AON rm oe eee aD ete Te 
Seo. yeild SAD, Zyl agile 


XXX-XXXX 


See ee a ee ee ee Se 
AXX= KOK - = - - 2 
Sirsa at, PG), tone an ee 
at en ae PoP Pade ee ed sl 
Se a eh See 
2 eee SOS s*2) 2 ae 
‘te tg , * PO. Ae ee eee 
Fe CME SO, es, ae ee 
A Ae Kee Kem A ee |, 
2. De oa A 
20>) E Co, or, Gee, ems oe 
OO CA Se Res es Seen 
pho SS) CE Cha ee ee 
BREAD AC SUMCROXC RE op on oe eo os 
BORNINSE KS a Sk Se 


XX--XXXX 


Montipora hoffmeisteri 
Montipora incrassata 
Montipora informis 
Montipora millepora 
Montipora mollis 
Montipora monasteriata 
Montipora nodosa 
Montipora peltiformis 
Montipora sp. 1 W Aust 
Montipora sp. 2 W Aust 
Montipora sp. 3 W Aust 
Montipora spongodes 
Montipora spumosa 
Montipora stellata 
Montipora tuberculosa 
Montipora turgescens 
Montipora turtlensis 
Montipora undata 
Montipora venosa 
Montipora verrucosa 
Moseleya latistellata 
Mycedium elephantotus 
Mycedium robakaki 
Oulastrea crispata 
Oulophyllia bennettae 
Oulophyllia crispa 
Oxypora glabra 
Oxypora lacera 
Pachyseris rugosa 
Pachyseris speciosa 
Palauastrea ramosa 
Pavona cactus 

Pavona clavus 

Pavona decussata 
Pavona xarifae 

Pavona explanulata 
Pavona maldivensis 
Pavona minuta 
Pavona varians 
Pavona venosa 
Pectinia alcicornis 
Pectinia lactuca 
Pectinia paeonia 
Pectinia teres 
Physogyra lichtensteini 
Physophyllia ayleni 
Platygyra daedalea 
Platygyra lamellina 
Platygyra pini 
Platygyra ryukyuensis 
Platygyra sinesis 
Platygyra verweyi 
Plerogyra sinuosa 
Plesiastrea versipora 
Pocillopora damicornis 
Pocillopora eydouxi 
Pocillopora meandrina 
Pocillopora verrucosa 
Pocillopora woodjonesi 
Podabacia crustacea 
Polyphyllia talpina 
Porites aranetai 
Porites cylindrica 
Porites eridani 

Porites evermanni 


DATA CHARACTERISTIC 


GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS AND 


S 


RPK = OK Kee mie se oh Sat Porites heronensis eee XK > Xe De Pb ee wn 

-K--X--XK---+----5- Porites lichen XXX-XX-X--------- 

XXX--X-X--------- Porites lobata XXXXXXXX--------- 

RoE RRR Fort Se ths! oe Porites lutea XXX+=XXXX--------- 

XXXXXXXXKXXKXKXXXX-X Porites nigrescens eK Keb ee Rae ine eae OG 

XXX-XXX---------- Porites rus KOK Ke et ap PE es 

-X--X-++X-+---+++--- Porites solida -XX-XX-X--------- 

X-XXXXXXK-------- Porites sp.1W Australia - - - -XX-X------ 7-7 > 

er ee oe Kin Rm EF Porites sp.2 W Australia. - - - - -X-X----- 7-77 - 

Sa ae KoRn eh eee Porites stephensoni > ee oe arden a Ot ol 

+ he Me A I oh" Porites vaughani OX XK site eS ep ot 

X--XX-XXXKX------- Psammocora contigua XXXXXXXKXK--------- 

XER- X KK Kee ae ts Psammocora digitata II ROK Kee he ote Mb te asl 

fee Xn = Keita = Ae Psammocora explanulata X--XXX-X------ 7-7 - 

aXe = KKK cel ee spre = Psammocora haimeana =X RAK X aeRO pe 

-XX-XXKXKX-------- Psammocora nierstraszi Roa S55 KR eee eta os 

-+X-XX-X------ Xr = Psammocora profundacella XX - -XX-X--------- 

RXKO KK op ese ee see Psammocora sp.1W Aust - - - - - Mini hs ees eS 

XX-XXK-X--------- Psammocora sp.2W Aust X - - - - > > 5 > 7 7 tT 

XK» KBs Keo FF | ee pop & Psammocora superficialis XXX-XXXX--------- 

~--XXXXX--------- Pseudosiderastrea tayamai - - - XX-- ----- > > 75 > > 

XXX-XX-X--------- Sandololitha robusta XIX Km 2 XS Se ec ie ee et 

Rep ices re re tS ae Scapophyllia cylindrica KXXONK A Keto eo pee = 

i, OC eel Scolymia australis = > ~~ > > > > te XXX-xX- 

REX sr oe pee oe Seriatopora caliendrum Ke RE ee) el tieh fee oe rie 

XXX-XX-X--------- Seriatopora hystrix 2) Gl, ae ae a ei 

XXX--X-X--------- Stylocoeniella armata -XX--05- 5-555 tte e- 

XXX-XXKX--------- Stylocoeniella guentheri KX - CNS RE cee 7 Geeta 

RRM 2K Ke Kew to toes le Stylophora pistillata XMMX MRK Ko 2 2 eee 

XXX-XX-X----- 777% Symphyllia agaricia POX X pA ee se ep o 

topos ee ee Koni eee ead, Bree Symphyllia radians Kas te Kes ce tp Pe eee 

XXX-------------- Symphyllia recta XXXXX--------- 7 

XXX------------ >> Symphyllia valenciennesi XXX -X--- - = -- >> 57 = 

XXXXXXKKX--------- Symphylliawilsoni > ~~ > - XXXXX-XXXK- 

XE ye Ee ed eles oe del fe Trachyphyllia geoffreyi ---XX------------ 

XXX-XXXX--------- Turbinaria bifrons --XXXXKXX-------- 

XXX--X-X-------F- Turbinaria conspicua ---XXXXX-X------- 

KAR yp KEK KH Se eS Hy Turbinaria frondens XXXXXXXXXX--XXXKXX 
XXX-XX-X--------- Turbinaria mesenterina X-XXXXXXXXX-XXXXX 
XXX--XK----------- Turbinaria patula ei KER S Geog to te Se 

KX Xin es ne ES Turbinaria peltata XX-XXXXK----- XX - - 

XXX-XX----------- Turbinaria radicalis. ~~ ~~ ~~ - » 

XX-XXX----------- Turbinaria reniformis XX--XXXX---XXXKXX 
MK ae ee STS ts 4 Sle Turbinaria sp. W Aust ---+X-XK---------- 

RRM -XKe Se >> ers s47 Turbinaria stellulata XXX-XX-XK------- X - 

--+XKXX------++---- 

XXXXXXKK-- 2 - eer ae TOTAL SPECIES 

XX-XXXXKKXKX------- Ashmore Reef 256 
XXX-XXK---------- Scott Reef 221 
XX---X---- erste Rowley Shoals 193 
XXXKXX--X--244+4-- Kimberley Coast 106 
XXXXXX----------- Dampier Archipelago 218 
XXXXXXK----------- Ninagaloo Reefs 214 
XXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXX = Shark Bay.. 82 
XXXXXXKXXXXKXKX--- Houtman Abrolhos Island 201 
XXX-XKXXKX--------- Port Gregory Region 36 
X---XX-X--------- Geraldton Region 14 
RKX = KX X Ke-pew Jurien Bay Region 11 
XX--XX------+------ Quinns Rock Region 9 
XXXXXKX----------- Rottnest Island . 18 
XXXXXX----------- Marmian Region 23 
---+KX-X--- 2 - eee Geographe Bay 14 
XXX-XXK----------- South West Coast 9 
Mabe. pry ss eats Recherche Archipelago 8 


11 


GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS AND 
DATA CHARACTERISTICS 


Table 3. Summary of the distribution of hermatypic corals in the principal geographic zones of the 
Philippines and Japan. The species composition of all zones is considered to be highly representative. 


Acanthastrea amakusensis 


Acanthastrea bowerbanki 
Acanthastrea echinata 
Acanthastrea hemprichii 
Acanthastrea hillae 


Acanthastrea ishigakiensis 
Acanthastrea lordhowensis 
Acanthastrea rotundoflora 


Acrhelia horrescens 
Acropora abrolhosensis 
Acropora aculeus 
Acropora accuminata 
Acropora akajimensis 
Acropora anthocercis 
Acropora aspera 
Acropora austera 
Acropora brueggemanni 
Acropora carduus 
Acropora caroliniana 
Acropora cerealis 
Acropora clathrata 
Acropora copiosa 
Acropora cuneata 
Acropora cytherea 
Acropora danai 
Acropora dendrum 
Acropora digitifera 
Acropora divaricata 
Acropora donei 
Acropora echinata 
Acropora elegans 
Acropora elseyi 
Acropora exquisita 
Acropora florida 
Acropora formosa 
Acropora gemmifera 
Acropora glauca 
Acropora grandis 
Acropora granulosa 
Acropora horrida 
Acropora humilis 
Acropora hyacinthus 
Acropora insignis 
Acropora kirstyae 
Acropora latistella 
Acropora listeri 
Acropora longicyathus 
Acropora loripes 
Acropora magnifica 
Acropora microclados 


Philippines 
Yaeyama Group 
Okinawa Group 


1 ex xX OM x 
1 PS PS OM OK OOK 
1 > PS OX OK OKO OK 
PSPS KOKO OK 


<—* ROR OX 
x > we OO 


xX 
~~ X< 


PS PS POPS OK OOM OOK OOS OK OO OK OOO OOO OO 
mS KO OK OO OX 


Sx KM 
SX KO OK OKO 


*< 
~ 
PSPS POO OO OOOO 


x & 

oo 

“wo 
bad 


Amami Group 


‘x & 


1 oe be 


x 


1 


Tanegashima 
Tosashimizu 
Amakusa Is. 


Shirahama 


Kushimoto 
Izu 


=< 
» 
a 
~< 
~< 


Tateyama 


12 


Philippines 


Yaeyama Group 


Okinawa Group 


Amami Group 


Tanegashima 


Tosashimizu 
Amakusa Is. 
Kushimoto 
Shirahama 
Izu 
Tateyama 


Acropora microphthalma 
Acropora millepora 
Acropora mirabilis 
Acropora monticulosa 
Acropora multiacuta 
Acropora nana 
Acropora nasuta 
Acropora nobilis 
Acropora palifera 
Acropora paniculata 
Acropora parilis 
Acropora pruinosa 
Acropora pulchra 
Acropora rambleri 
Acropora robusta 
Acropora rosaria 
Acropora samoensis 
Acropora sarmentosa 
Acropora secale 
Acropora sekiseiensis 
Acropora selago 
Acropora solitaryensis 
Acropora spicifera 
Acropora stoddarti 
Acropora ‘striata 
Acropora subglabra 
Acropora subulata 


Acropora tanegashimensis 


Acropora tenella 
Acropora tenuis 
Acropora teres 
Acropora tumida 
Acropora valenciennesi 
Acropora valida 
Acropora vaughani 
Acropora verweyi 
Acropora wallaceae 
Acropora willisae 
Acropora yongei 


Acropora sp. (Philippines) 


Acropora sp. 1 (Japan) 
Acropora sp. 2 (Japan) 
Alveopora allingi 
Alveopora catalai 
Alveopora excelsa 
Alveopora fenestrata 
Alveopora japonica 
Alveopora marionensis 
Alveopora spongiosa 
Alveopora tizardi 


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Alveopora verrilliana 
Anacropora forbesi 
Anacropora matthai 
Anacropora puertogalerae 
Anacropora reticulata 
Anacropora spinosa 
Anacropora sp. 
Astreopora cucullata 
Astreopora explanata 
Astreopora gracilis 
Astreopora incrustans 
Astreopora listeri 
Astreopora macrostoma 
Astreopora myriophthalma 
Astreopora ocellata 
Astreopora suggesta 
Australogyra zelli 
Australomussa rowleyensis 
Barabattoia amicorum 
Blastomussa merleti 
Blastomussa wellsi 
Catalaphyllia jardinei 
Caulastrea curvata 
Caulastrea echinulata 
Caulastrea furcata 
Caulastrea tumida 
Coeloseris mayeri 
Coscinaraea columna 
Coscinaraea crassa 
Coscinaraea exesa 
Coscinaraea hahazimaensis 
Coscinaraea monile 
Coscinaraea wellsi 
Ctenactis crassa 
Ctenactis echinata 
Cycloseris costulata 
Cycloseris curvata 
Cycloseris cyclolites 
Cycloseris erosa 
Cycloseris hexagonalis 
Cycloseris patelliformis 
Cycloseris sinensis 
Cycloseris somervillei 
Cycloseris tenuis 
Cycloseris vaughani 
Cycloseris sp. 
Cynarina lacrymalis 
Cyphastrea agassizi 
Cyphastrea chalcidicum 
Cyphastrea decadia 
Cyphastrea japonica 
Cyphastrea microphthalma 
Cyphastrea ocellina 
Cyphastrea serailia 
Diaseris distorta 
Diaseris fragilis 
Diploastrea heliopora 
Echinophyllia aspera 
Echinophyllia echinata 


Echinophyllia echinoporoides 


Echinophyllia nishihirai 
Echinophyllia orpheensis 
Echinophyllia patula 

Echinopora ashmorensis 


XXXKX 
X XX - 
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XX X - 
XX - - 


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13 


GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS AND 
DATA CHARACTERISTICS 


Echinopora gemmaceu 
Echinopora hirsutissima 
Echinopora horrida 
Echinopora lamellosa 
Echinopora mammiformis 
Echinopora pacificus 
Euphyllia ancora 
Euphyllia cristata 
Euphyllia divisa 
Euphyllia glabrescens 
Euphyllia paraancora 
Euphyllia paradivisa 
Euphyllia paraglabrescens 
Euphyllia yaeyamaensis 
Favia danae 

Favia favus 

Favia helianthoides 
Favia laxa 

Favia lizardensis 
Favia maritima 

Favia matthai 

Favia maxima 

Favia pallida 

Favia rotumana 

Favia rotundata 

Favia speciosa 

Favia stelligera 

Favia veroni 

Favia sp. 

Favites abdita 

Favites chinensis 
Favites complanata 
Favites flexuosa 
Favites halicora 
Favites pentagona 
Favites russelli 
Favites stylifera 
Fungia concinna 
Fungia corona 
Fungia danat 

Fungia fralinae 
Fungia fungites 
Fungia granulosa 
Fungia horrida 
Fungia moluccensis 
Fungia paumotensis 
Fungia repanda 
Fungia scabra 

Fungia scruposa 
Fungia scutaria 
Fungia spinifera 
Fungia valida 

Fungia sp. 

Galaxea alta 

Galaxea astreata 
Galaxea fascicularis 
Gardineroseris planulata 
Goniastrea aspera 
Goniastrea australensis 
Goniastrea deformis 
Goniastrea edwardsi 
Goniastrea favulus 
Goniastrea palauensis 
Goniastrea pectinata 


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GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS AND 
DATA CHARACTERISTICS 


Goniastrea retiformis XXXXXKXXK- - - Montipora aequituberculata 
Goniopora burgosi > a), a a Montipora altasepta 
Goniopora cellulosa -- -XXK---- - Montipora angulata 
Goniopora columna XXXX-----XX Montipora cactus 
Goniopora djiboutiensis XX-XXK------ Montipora caliculata 
Goniopora fruticosa XXX----- et ee Montipora capitata 
Goniopora lobata XXX-XKXKXXKXKX Montipora capricornis 
Goniopora minor KeX XM soe be ama ee Montipora cebuensis 
Goniopora norfolkensis >, a Montipora confusa 
Goniopora palmensis X-=-+-2+-++4+-+-+-: Montipora crassituberculata 
Goniopora pandoraensis XX--------- Montipora danae 
Goniopora pendulus X---X-XX--- Montipora digitata 
Goniopora polyformis X sie oe = Ke - oe Montipora efflorescens 
Goniopora somaliensis XXXKXXK----- - Montipora effusa 
Goniopora stokesi XXX-XKXX--- - Montipora florida 
Goniopora stutchburyi me RK = = X27 KK ope Montipora foliosa 
Goniopora tenuidens XXX----+---- Montipora foveolata 
Goniopora sp. -XX-----X- - Montipora friabilis 
Gyrosmilia interrupta ~ Ks + eee ee es Montipora gaimardi 
Halomitra pileus XXX------- - Montipora grisea 
Heliofungia actiniformis XX--------- Montipora hirsuta 
Herpolitha limax XXXKX- - - ose Montipora hispida 
Herpolitha weberi ACK BS eS Montipora hoffmeisteri 
Heteropsammia cochlea X-X-- 2 se eee Montipora incrassata 
Hydnophora bonsai oop et a XK OK KH Montipora informis 
Hydnophora exesa XXXXXXXXXXX Montipora mactanensis 
Hydnophora grandis X--- +--+ ee Montipora malampaya 
Hydnophora microconos XXXX------ - Montipora millepora 
Hydnophora rigida XXXX------ - Montipora mollis 
Leptastrea bewickensis -XXXKX------ Montipora monasteriata 
Leptastrea inaequalis XXX-------- Montipora orientalis 
Leptastrea pruinosa XXXX-X---X- Montipora peltiformis 
Leptastrea purpurea XXXXXXKXKKXKX Montipora samarensis 
Leptastrea transversa XXXX------ - Montipora setosa 
Leptoria irregularis XXXX------ - Montipora spongodes 
Leptoria phrygia XXXX------ - Montipora spumosa 
Leptoseris amitoriensis on, ie a Montipora stellata 
Leptoseris explanata XXXX------ - Montipora tuberculosa 
Leptoseris foliosa XXXX------ - Montipora turgescens 
Leptoseris gardineri XX--------- Montipora undata 
Leptoseris hawatiensis XXXXX------ Montipora venosa 
Leptoseris incrustans XX - hie ee Montipora verrucosa 
Leptoseris mycetoseroides XXXKXXXXXXXX Montipora sp. 
Leptoseris papyracea XXX-------- Mycedium elephantotus 
Leptoseris scabra XXXX-X---- - Mycedium robokaki 
Leptoseris solida XXX-X----- - Oulastrea crispata 
Leptoseris yabei XXXXX----- - Oulophyllia bennettae 
Lithophyllon levistei > Oulophyllia crispa 
Lithophyllon lobata XXXX------ - Oxypora crassispinosa 
Lithophyllon undulatum XXX-XXKXKX- - Oxypora glabra 
Lobophyllia corymbosa XXXXX---- - - Oxypora lacera 
Lobophyllia hataii XXXXX-XXK- - - Pachyseris foliosa 
Lobophyllia hemprichii XXXXX-XXX- - Pachyseris gemmae 
Lobophyllia pachysepta XXX-------- Pachyseris rugosa 
Lobophyllia robusta XXXXX-XX--- Pachyseris speciosa 
Madracis asanoi i, Palauastrea ramosa 
Madracis kirbyi X-----+-+--- Pavona bipartita 
Merulina ampliata XXXXX------ Pavona cactus 
Merulina scabricula XXXXX----- - Pavona clavus 
Montastrea annuligera XXX-------- Pavona danai 
Montastrea curta XXXXXXXXX-- Pavona decussata 
Montastrea magnistellata XXXXXX----- Pavona xarifae 
Montastrea multipunctata XXX-X----- - Pavona explanulata 


Montastrea valenciennesi 


XXXXXXXX- - 


Pavona frondifera 


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Pavona maldivensis 
Pavona minuta 
Pavona varians 
Pavona venosa 
Pavona sp. 

Pectinia alcicornis 
Pectinia lactuca 
Pectinia paeonia 
Pectinia teres 
Physogyra exerta 
Physogyra lichtensteini 
Physophyllia ayleni 
Platygyra contorta 
Platygyra daedalea 
Platygyra lamellina 
Platygyra pini 
Platygyra ryukyuensis 
Platygyra sinensis 
Platygyra verweyi 
Platygyra yaeyamaensis 
Plerogyra eurysepta 
Plerogyra simplex 
Plerogyra sinuosa 
Plerogyra turbida 
Plesiastrea versipora 
Pocillopora damicornis 
Pocillopora eydouxi 
Pocillopora meandrina 
Pocillopora verrucosa 
Pocillopora woodjonesi 
Podabacia crustacea 
Podabacia motuporensis 
Polyphyllia talpina 
Porites annae 

Porites aranetai 
Porites attenuata 
Porites australiensis 
Porites cumulatus 
Porites cylindrica 
Porites deformis 
Porites eridani 

Porites evermanni 
Porites heronensis 
Porites horizontalata 
Porites latistella 
Porites lichen 

Porites lobata 

Porites lutea 

Porites mayeri 

Porites murrayensis 
Porites negrosensis 
Porites nigrescens 
Porites okinawensis 
Porites rus 


GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS AND 
DATA CHARACTERISTICS 


X-XXX 
XXXXX 
XXXKXX 
XXXKX- 


XxX - 
xX 
xX 
X X 
X X 


x 
Xx 
x 


<< KK MK KO 


Porites sillimaniani 
Porites solida 

Porites stephensoni 
Porites vaughani 

Porites sp. 

Psammocora contigua 
Psammocora decussata 
Psammocora digitata 
Psammocora explanulata 
Psammocora haimeana 
Psammocora nierstraszi 
Psammocora profundacella 
Psammocora superficialis 
Psammocora vaughani 
Psammocora sp. 
Pseudosiderastrea tayamai 
Sandalolitha robusta 
Scapophyllia cylindrica 
Scolymia vitiensis 
Seriatopora caliendrum 
Seriatopora hystrix 
Siderastrea savignyana 
Stylocoeniella armata 
Stylocoeniella cocosensis 
Stylocoeniella guentheri 
Stylophora pistillata 
Stylophora sp. 
Symphyllia agaricia 
Symphyllia radians 
Symphyllia recta 
Symphyllia valenciennesii 
Trachyphyllia geoffroyi 
Turbinaria frondens 
Turbinaria heronensis 
Turbinaria irregularis 
Turbinaria mesenterina 
Turbinaria peltata 
Turbinaria reniformis 
Turbinaria stellulata 
Zoopilus echinatus 


TOTAL SPECIES 
Philippines 
Yaeyama Group 
Okinawa Group 
Amami Group 
Tanegashima 
Tosashimizu 
Amakusa Island 
Kushimoto 
Shirahama 

Izu 

Tateyama 


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xx xX xX 


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2 
Data Sources 


(a) Primary data: from original studies 
The following data sources incorporate previous studies; these are not re-listed here. 
(1) S Papua New Guinea and E Australia: 
Southern Papua New Guinea: Veron and Kelley (1988). 


Eastern Australia: 

+ Most records have been published in Scleractinia of Eastern Australia Parts I to V. 
Successive parts of this series contain data from study sites not listed in earlier parts 
and only Parts IV and V contain records from the entire coastline. The present 
account is thus more complete than this series, and also incorporates additions and 
changes. Most records are summarised in Veron (1986a); the present account contains 
subsequent additions and changes. 


Records for Flinders Reef (off Brisbane), and Elizabeth and Middleton Reef, together 
with locality details, are in Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron and Wallace (1984), 
but only for the Poritidae and Acroporidae. 


Records for Lord Howe I. are in Veron and Done (1979), with subsequent additions 
(J. Oliver and R. Babcock, pers. comm.). The Poritidae and Acroporidae are revised 
in Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron and Wallace (1984). 


Records for the Solitary Is. are from Veron et al. (1974) with many subsequent 
updates and revisions after re-visiting the islands. The Poritidae and Acroporidae 
are revised in Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron and Wallace (1984). 


Records for coastal New South Wales and Victoria and southern Australia are in 
Veron (1974), Sheppard and Veron (1982) and Smith and Simpson (1990). 


Records for the Coral Sea are in Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron and Wallace 
(1984), but only the Poritidae and Acroporidae are included in Scleractinia of Eastern 
Australia. Field work was primarily concentrated at the Chesterfield Reefs of the 
eastern Coral Sea and it is thus possible that many additional species occur in the 
Coral Sea. For this reason, Coral Sea records are not considered to be complete. 


17 


DATA SOURCES 


(2) Western Australia: 


Most records are in Veron and Marsh (1988), summarised in Veron (1986a); the 


present account contains subsequent additions and changes. 
Original records for Rowley Shoals are in Veron (1986b). 
Additional records for Shark Bay are in Marsh (1990). 

3) Philippines and Japan: 


Philippines: 

Records are from Veron and Hodgson (1989) with subsequent additions and 
changes. This incorporates the extensive studies of Nemenzo and his colleagues. 
Original field work was carried out at Bolinao (W Luzon), Puerto Galera, Cebu, Apo 
I. (N Negros) as well as additional sites studied by Hodgson and Ross (1982) and 
Ross and Hodgson (1982), including W Palawan. Research collections were studied 
at the University of the Philippines, the University of San Carlos and Silliman 
University. 


Records from the Philippines are not sufficiently comprehensive to enable regional 
study within the Philippines and thus the whole archipelago is treated as a single 
locality in the present account. 
Japan: 
All records are from Veron (1992a), which incorporates extensive studies 
of others. 
Records from additional Central Indo-Pacific countries are as follows: 
Cocos (Keeling) Atoll: Veron (1990b) 
Hong Kong: Veron (1982) 
Thailand: 
Veron and Wallace (1985) with subsequent additions and corrections associated with 


other studies (listed, p. 345). 


Vanuatu: Veron (1990a) 


18 


DATA SOURCES 


(b) Secondary data: from non-original Central Indo-Pacific studies 


Includes (a) the author’s identifications of laboratory specimens where there has 
been no comprehensive accompanying field work, (b) original work of the author in 
museums and unpublished field studies, (c) verified synonymies of the author and his 
colleagues, (d) published illustrations and taxonomic opinion expressed in the taxonomic 
literature. 


Also includes non-taxonomic studies of others using the taxonomic framework of 
the author and his colleagues, or some recognisable variation of it, or other publications 
containing identifiable photographs. 


Also includes a large number of studies previous to those of the author and his 
colleagues that have been undertaken in Australia, Japan and the Philippines, and some 
others that have been undertaken in S Papua New Guinea, Cocos (Keeling) Atoll and Hong 
Kong. Distribution records and taxonomic opinion from these have been incorporated into 
the relevant studies of the author and his colleagues; references are are not re-listed here. 


Taxonomic revisions of genera and families containing biogeographic records of 
recognisable Central Indo-Pacific species have been used to obtain many distribution ranges. 
Among many such studies are Bernard (1896) on Turbinaria and Astreopora; Bernard (1897) on 
Montipora and Anacropora; Brook (1892) on Acropora; Dinesen (1980) on Leptoseris; Hoeksema 
(1989) on Fungiidae and Lamberts (1982) on Astreopora. Further references to taxonomic 
literature are not listed here. Hoeksema (1989) provides a particularly complete 
biogeographic account of the Fungiidae. 


(c) Tertiary data: from non-original Indo-Pacific-wide studies 


Tertiary species-level data sources are not separated from generic data sources (see 
p- 343) because they integrade and thus various qualifications apply to references to most 
species. However, the most frequently used data sources for the western distribution limits 
of species are (from W to E), Scheer and Pillai (1983), Sheppard and Sheppard (1985, 1991), 
Sheppard (1985), Pichon (1964, 1971), Faure (1977, 1982), Pillai and Scheer (1976), Wafar 
(1986) Scheer and Pillai (1974) and a complex of recent studies in Central Indo-Pacific (listed 
above). Eastern distribution limits are less easily sourced, but include (from E to W), recent 
studies in the far eastern Pacific including many personal communications, the studies of 
Chevalier in French Polynesia, the author in the Marshall Is., Maragos (1977), Wells (1954) 
and many recent collections from the south Pacific, notably the Cook Is. and the original 
work of the author W from Vanuatu. 


It is emphasised that there has been no direct transfer of information from these 
sources to the present database and that these references have been used as guides only. 


19 


' 
im 4 
; 
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- 
dep geret: FAS Be) 


ey 


naa . = a re eee 
: i . _ een pace = 

4 : 2 s ee Toe 
a : i En 


Note 1 


Note 2 


Note 3 


Note 4 


Note 5 


3 
Editorial Notes 


In the interests of brevity in summary statements about complex data, the 
following qualifying words are given specific meanings: generally qualifies a 
general statement where the author is aware that there are specific exceptions; 
recorded means ‘recorded from the original field and laboratory studies of the 
author and his colleagues’ (see above) when used to qualify a stated geographic 
range or range of characters; taxonomically significant means ‘significant taxonomic 
characters used by the author to separate or define taxa’ as opposed to what are 
believed to be non-taxonomically significant characters, such as colour variations or 
minor regional morphological or ecological characteristics. 


In this context it is essential to note that highly polymorphic species may display 
‘no taxonomically significant’ variations throughout their distribution range. 


Terminology is consistent with a companion publication in preparation on coral 
biogeography, which includes a glossary. 


The subheading TAXONOMIC REFERENCES specifies the authors primary 
taxonomic data source for the species under consideration. These are the most 
geographically relevant, but not necessarily the only, or best, references to 
taxonomic data for that particular species. 


Abundance estimates are, of necessity, very general indications only. Except for 
very rare or very common species, abundance is extremely difficult to record. It 
varies greatly from country to country or from one geographic region to another. It 
also may change enormously between one habitat and the next, and even then it 
may only be an apparent abundance because large colonies of conspicuous species 
will appear to be more abundant than small or cryptic yet more numerous colonies 
of other species. In the present context, a rare species is one seldom encountered 
even if searched for; an uncommon species is one that is sometimes found in likely 
biotopes; a common species is one usually found in a likely biotope. This crude 
classification assumes that the species is recognisable in situ. Regional abundance 
estimates are not believed to be sufficiently well established to be used in numerical 
analyses. 


Unidentified species (as opposed to unidentified specimens), which are usually 
rare and little studied, are included in this book only if the author believes that they 
are likely to be valid. These species are given a place name as a temporary 
identification. 


21 


Note 6 


Note 7 


Note 8 


Note 9 


EDITORIAL NOTES 


The author intends to make electronic copies of distribution data in this volume 


available to users. 


If there is disagreement between distribution data present in maps, the text, tables, 
or the abovementioned electronic database, the tables have priority as they contain 


all final additions and changes. 


Only species recorded in the central Indo-Pacific by the author and his colleagues (the 
primary data) are included in this volume. Other species have been reliably recorded 
from the Central Indo-Pacific and are referred to in the text and in the captions to 
generic distribution maps. These references may not be complete for species that 
the author has not studied. 


Queries (”?”) under the heading Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution refer either to 

a particular taxonomic uncertainty, an identification uncertainty, or a combination 
of both. These uncertainties may originate from any of the Data Sources referred to 
in this volume, or may reflect an absence of adequate information. 


22 


3 x 7 
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Figure 2. Isopangeneric contours of hermatypic corals, computer generated by digitally recording the known rar 
program. Contours indicate totals of distribution ranges, not totals of genera actually recorded for a given site or 
regions may have a lower diversity. 


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Figure 3. Location map for records in Figs. 4-111. Dots indicate either specific islands or whole countries. Study s 


p of all genera (see maps, p. 346-400) and combining these records using an Idrisi Global Information System 
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#3 in the Central Indo-Pacific are given in Figure 1. 


Figure 2. Isopangeneric contours of hermatypic corals, computer generated by digitally recording the known ranges of all genera (see maps, p. 346-400) and combining these records using an Idrisi Global Information System 
program. Contours indicate totals of distribution ranges, not totals of genera actually recorded for a given site or country. They therefore indicate maximum genera diversity for large regions; remote or small areas within those 


regions may have a lower diversity. 


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Figure 3. Location map for records in Figs. 


4-111. Dots indicate either specific islands or whole countries. Study sites in the Central Indo-Pacific are given in Figure 1. 


4 
Family 


Astrocoentidae 
Koby, 1890 


Only one extant genus, Stylocoeniella, from the Indo-Pacific, is included in this family. 
Stephanocoenia is a related genus from the Caribbean. 


Genus Stylocoeniella 
Yabe and Sugiyama, 1935 


Has three species, all from the Central Indo-Pacific. All three occur at Cocos 
(Keeling) Atoll indicating the genus has a unusually good dispersal capability. 


Stylocoeniella guentheri 
(Bassett-Smith, 1890) 


Relatively common in Ryukyu Is., generally uncommon in Australia (common at the 
Houtman Abrolhos Is.). Cryptic, usually sub-massive to encrusting, rarely forming large 
colonies. Mostly in shallow, protected reefal environments. Forms massive colonies only at 
Elizabeth and Middleton Reef of E Australia, but large colonies are found on NW Shelf reefs 
of W Australia. Has an unusually wide range of calice structure, depending on 
environmental conditions. Some coralla from the Ryukyu Is. have very reduced coenosteum 
spines and the second septal cycle may be well-developed to nearly absent. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1976), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: South China Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Madagascar to Marshall Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Elizabeth 
and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe I., Sydney. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef Tract, 
Houtman Abrolhos Is. 


23 


FAMILY ASTROCOENIIDAE 


Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Cocos 
(Keeling) Atoll, Indonesia, Vietnam, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Stylocoeniella armata 
(Ehrenberg, 1834) 


Uncommon, cryptic, mostly encrusting and restricted to protected environments 
throughout. Much less common than S. guentheri throughout the recorded Central Indo- 


Pacific distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1976), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Red Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, 
Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: Scott Reef, Rowley Shoals. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Tosashimizu, 
Kushimoto, Shirahama, Izu. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Singapore, Malaysia, Cocos (Keeling) 

Atoll, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, S Papua New Guinea. 


Stylocoeniella cocosensis 
Veron, 1990 


Coralla are encrusting and very cryptic. Corallites are irregular in size, shape and 
orientation and are inclined on the corallum surface. Calices are oval or crescent-shaped, 
depending on the degree of development of the associated style and degree of inclination on 
the corallum surface. The coenosteum is covered by spinules similar in size and appearance 
to those of other Stylocoeniella. A rare species known from two widely separated localities, 
with no taxonomically significant geographic variation recorded. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron (1990c). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Cocos (Keeling) Atoll. 


24 


FAMILY ASTROCOENITIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Cocos (Keeling) Atoll to Japan. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Yaeyama Is. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


25 


5 
Family 
Pocilloporidae 
Gray, 1842 


Contains three common and widespread genera, Pocillopora, Seriatopora and 
Stylophora and two uncommon genera, Palauastrea and Madracis, all from the Indo-Pacific. 


Genus Pocillopora 
Lamarck, 1816 


Contains four very common and widespread Central Indo-Pacific species as well as 
an uncertain number of uncommon species. The abundance and lack of geographic variation 
of the common species throughout the tropical Indo-Pacific gives the genus as a whole a 
uniform appearance. Only in higher latitudes is there marked taxonomically significant 
geographic variation, both in and among species. 


Pocillopora damicornis 
(Linnaeus, 1758) 


Common throughout the recorded distribution range except at Cocos (Keeling) 
Atoll. Colonies from tropical reefal locations show little taxonomically significant geographic 
variation. Colonies from non-reefal high latitude locations are structurally similar but are 
much more robust than those from reefal locations. Has a very wide range of environment- 
correlated variation. Colonies from turbid water at the Houtman Abrolhos Is. may be so 
finely branched that they resemble Seriatopora caliendrum. Colonies from Rottnest I. of SW 
Australia and the Solitary and Lord Howe Is. of SE Australia are almost identical, with thick, 
tightly compacted branches. Usually pale to dark brown or green, but sometimes pink in the 
Ryukyu Is. and Tanegashima, dark yellow-grey to brownish-purple in mainland Japan. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1976), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: “Oceanus Asiatico”. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to central America. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 


27 


FAMILY POCILLOPORIDAE 


Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 

Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe I., 

Solitary Is., N coastal N.S.W. 

W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch, Pilbara 

coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is., SW 

coastal locations S to Garden I. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 

Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Cocos 

(Keeling) Atoll, Indonesia, Vietnam, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Pocillopora verrucosa 
(Ellis and Solander, 1786) 


Generally common in tropical locations where colonies have wide environment- 
correlated, but little taxonomically significant variation. A single corallum collected from 
Tanegashima, the northern geographic limit, shows no distinctive characters. Coralla 
throughout the known distribution range have purple-brown pigments in proximal 
branches. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1976), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to Hawaii and central 
America. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, Ningaloo 
Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Tanegashima, 
Tosashimizu, Amami Is. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Cocos 

(Keeling) Atoll, Indonesia, Vietnam, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


28 


FAMILY POCILLOPORIDAE 


Pocillopora meandrina 
Dana, 1846 


Common on E Australian and Coral Sea reefs exposed to strong wave action. 
Uncommon in the Ryukyu Is. May be difficult to distinguish from P. verrucosa unless both 
species occur together. Differences between these species appear constant at all locations 
where studied. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1986a), Veron and Pichon (1976). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Hawaii. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Nicobar Is. to central America. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Torres Strait, 
N and Central GBR. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef Tract, 
Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, 
Indonesia, Vietnam, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Pocillopora eydouxi 
Edwards and Haime, 1860 


Common in tropical Australian locations and throughout the Ryukyu Is. where it 
may be a dominant species in areas of strong current. The length and compactness of 
branches varies greatly from one locality to another but the only regional variation observed 
is that colonies from W Australia and the GBR may be larger and more compact than 


Ryukyu Is. colonies. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1976), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: “Pacific Ocean”. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to central America. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 


S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 


2? 


FAMILY POCILLOPORIDAE 


W Australia: NW Shelf reefs, Dampier Arch, Pilbara coast, Ningaloo 
Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tosashimizu. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, 
Indonesia, Vietnam, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Pocillopora woodjonesi 
Vaughan, 1819 


Uncommon in most locations and usually difficult to distinguish from P. eydouxi 
except where both species occur together. Colonies identified by the author as P. woodjonesi in 
situ at the type locality did not have clearly defined species specific skeletal characters as 
described by Vaughan (1918) and Wells (1950) and used by the author. The taxonomic status 
of this species requires further study. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1986a, 1989b), Veron and Pichon (1976). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Cocos-Keeling Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Cocos-Keeling Is. to ?French Polynesia and 
?central America. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
N and Central GBR. 
W Australia: Cartier Reef, Scott Reef, Dampier Arch, Ningaloo Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, 
Indonesia, Vietnam, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, S Papua New Guinea. 


Genus Seriatopora 
Lamarck, 1816 


Most Seriatopora of the Central Indo-Pacific is a single, very common polymorphic 
species, S. hystrix. More species (perhaps five) occur in the W Indian Ocean and Red Sea than 
in the Central Indo-Pacific. 


30 


FAMILY POCILLOPORIDAE 


Seriatopora hystrix 
Dana, 1864 


Common throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. Has a 
very wide range of ecomorphs throughout this range, with little geographic variability 
except that the full range of ecomorphs may not be found in all locations. A particular 
ecomorph with very short pointed branches is common on NW Shelf reefs of W Australia. 
The gall-crab Hapalocarcinus marsupialis occurs with S. hystrix in most tropical locations. 
Colonies are pink or cream throughout the known distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1976), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to Phoenix Is. and 
Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe I. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Cocos (Keeling) 
Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Seriatopora caliendrum 
Ehrenberg, 1834 


Common in the Philippines and the Ningaloo reefs, but generally uncommon or rare 
elsewhere. May be difficult to distinguish from the much more abundant and variable S. 
hystrix and can also be confused with fine P. damicornis. 

TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1976), Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Red Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to Vanuatu. 


31 


FAMILY POCILLOPORIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 

N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Elizabeth and 

Middleton Reefs. 

W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Kimberley coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, 

Houtman Abrolhos Is. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, 


Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Genus Stylophora 


Schweigger, 1819 


Most Stylophora in the Central Indo-Pacific is a single, very polymorphic species, S. 
pistillata. As with Seriatopora, there are more species of Stylophora in the western Indian Ocean 
and Red Sea than in the Central Indo-Pacific. 


Stylophora pistillata 
Esper, 1797 


Has one of the greatest ranges of growth form of any coral. Colonies from shallow 
reef flats exposed to strong wave action have very thick branches, becoming almost 
submassive. Colonies from sheltered lagoons have long thin branches, especially if the water 
is turbid and light availability reduced. The former colonies are usually pink or blue in 
colour, the latter are usually cream. Colonies from intermediate environments have 
intermediate growth forms and colours. These growth forms clearly integrate and do not 
overlap (except where adjacent microhabitats are very different). There is also considerable 
geographic variation in growth form extremes; thick-branched colonies are relatively 
common in the GBR and Vanuatu and thin-branched colonies are relatively common in high 
latitude reefs of E and W Australia (Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe I. and the 
Houtman Abrolhos Is.) and the Ryukyu Is. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1976), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: “East Indian Ocean”. 
DISTRIBUTION: 


Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea, The Gulf and E Africa to French 
Polynesia. 


32 


FAMILY POCILLOPORIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe L.,, 
Solitary Is. 

W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch, 

Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, 
Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Stylophora sp. Japan 


Variation within this probable species has been studied only in a series of coralla 
from one locality in the Ryukyu Is. At one extreme these have all the characters of Seriatopora, 
including corallites arranged in rows. At the other they intergrade with a deep water 
ecomorph of Stylophora pistillata. Specimens from the Philippines are clearly the same species, 
which requires further study. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron (1991a). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Ryukyu Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: not known. 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Genus Palauastrea 
Yabe and Eguchi, 1941 


Palauastrea has only one species, P. ramosa. 


Palauastrea ramosa 
Yabe and Sugiyama, 1941 


There are no observable differences between coralla from the Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
and those from the GBR, despite the fact that the species has not been found on any reefs in 
between. Usually restricted to soft substrates and turbid water in Australia. There is 
substantial variation in coralla from different habitats in the Philippines and the Ryukyu Is. 


33 


FAMILY POCILLOPORIDAE 


where, unlike Australia, this species is common in shallow water, where colonies have short 
compact branches with proliferous coenosteum styles on branch tips, have corallites that are 
relatively deep and have two clearly developed (even sub-equal) septal cycles. Coralla from 
deep water have finer, open branches, form larger colonies, and have relatively superficial 
corallites with abortive second cycle septa. The former ecomorph has been found on the 
GBR, but is rare. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1976), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Palau. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Andaman Is. to Vanuatu. 


Indo-Pacific Distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, 
N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, 
N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Genus Madracis 
Edwards and Haime, 1849 


Madracis is one of the few genera containing both hermatypic and ahermatypic 
species. As far as is recorded, M. kirbyi is exclusively hermatypic while M. asanoi could be 
both hermatypic and ahermatypic as are other (non-Central Indo-Pacific) species. 


Madracis kirbyi 
Veron and Pichon, 1976 


Well-developed colonies have short club-shaped branches, but most are encrusting. 
No taxonomically significant geographic variation has been recorded, but as the species is 
always rare, this has been little studied. Great Barrier Reef and Philippines colonies have the 
same colours. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1976), Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


FAMILY POCILLOPORIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 


Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: The Gulf and Oman (but not the Red Sea) 
to E Australia and ?French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Central GBR. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, 
N Papua New Guinea. 


Madracis asanoi 
Yabe and Sugiyama, 1941 


It is not known if this is exclusively an ahermatypic species or not. The only 
corallum studied had fine, irregular branches, a growth form more suggestive of an 
ahermatypic species than the much more robust (hermatypic) M. kirbyi. The holotype, from a 
depth of ‘100 fathoms’, is almost certainly ahermatypic. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1991a); Yabe and Sugiyama (1941). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Palau. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Japan mainland to Palau. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Kushimoto. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Palau. 


35 


6 
Family 
Acroporidae 
Verrill, 1902 


Genus Montipora 
de Blainville, 1830 


Many more species of Montipora, especially ramose species, occur in the Philippines 
than either Japan or (especially) Australia. Many of these species are poorly known and the 
present records are likely to be incomplete. 

Most species from NW Shelf reefs are indistinguishable from those of the GBR. 
Coralla from coastal and southern locations usually exhibit varying degrees of geographic 
variation. In some cases, especially some species from the Houtman Abrolhos Islands (e.g. 
M. mollis, M. turtlensis, M. spongodes, M. angulata and M. informis), the degree of variation 
makes identification doubtful and suggests the presence of geographic subspecies. 


Montipora monasteriata 
(Forskal, 1775) 


A readily recognised common species that shows no taxonomically significant 
geographic variation within the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. Especially 
common on NW Shelf reefs where it occurs on reef flats to lower slopes. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Red Sea. 
DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to Vanuatu and 
?Hawaii. 
Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Torres Strait, 


N and Central GBR, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Pilbara coast, Dampier Arch., 


37 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Tanegashima, 
Tosashimizu. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, 
Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Montipora tuberculosa 
(Lamarck, 1816) 


Common; shows no taxonomically significant geographic variation within the 
recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range although the full variation is obscured by 


unresolved taxonomic problems. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to Marshall Is. and 
French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, 
N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef. 
W Australia: Scott Reef, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Dampier Arch., Shark Bay 
region. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: NN Papua New Guinea, Thailand, Cocos 
(Keeling) Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan. 


Montipora lobulata 
Bernard, 1897 


The holotype from the British Museum (Natural History) is very similar to a 
corallum collected from Cocos (Keeling) Atoll; this species requires further study. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1990b). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Diego Garcia. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Diego Garcia to Cocos (Keeling) Atoll. 


38 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Cocos (Keeling) Atoll. 


Montipora hoffmeisteri 
Wells, 1954 


Generally common but inconspicuous. Geographic variability is unrecorded but 
Japanese coralla are similar to those from the GBR and tropical W Australia. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wells (1954), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Marshall Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: W Australia to Marshall Is. and French 
Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef Tract, 
Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, Indonesia, Vanuatu. 


Montipora flower 
Wells, 1954 


Common on upper reef slopes of the Coral Sea and Vanuatu, but may be uncommon 
elsewhere. Very cryptic; geographic variability is unrecorded. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wells (1954), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Marshall Is. 
DISTRIBUTION: 


Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Red Sea and W Australia to Marshall Is., 
Vanuatu and French Polynesia. 


39 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Ningaloo Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Indonesia, N Papua New Guinea, 


Vanuatu. 


Montipora millepora 
Crossland, 1952 


Cryptic, probably common throughout the known distribution range except for 
W Australia where it is uncommon. Full geographic variability is unrecorded but coralla 


show no taxonomically significant variation. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?E Africa and W Australia to Coral Sea and 
?French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Rowley Shoals, Kimberley coast, 
Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Tosashimizu, 
Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, Indonesia, N Papua New 
Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Montipora mollis 
Bernard, 1897 


One of the most common and variable of all Montipora species on the GBR and, 
especially, SW Australia, where it occurs in most shallow- water habitats and has a very wide 
range of skeletal variation. Probably uncommon at Cocos (Keeling) Atoll. Within single sites, 
variation is clearly attributable to environmental conditions, but this is less clear between 
sites, and there remains a possibility that this is a species complex rather than a single 
species. Generally uncommon elsewhere in the recorded Central Indo-Pacific. 


40 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Bernard (1897), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea, E Africa and The Gulf to Hawaii. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn 
and Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Lord Howe 1., Solitary Is., Sydney. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., 
Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is., 
SW coastal locations S to Geographe Bay, Researche Arch. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Thailand, 
Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, Vanuatu. 


Montipora turtlensis 
Veron and Wallace, 1984 


Common in turbid waters over most of the recorded tropical Central Indo-Pacific 
where it appears to have little taxonomically significant geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Malaysia and W to E Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Torres Strait, N and Central 
GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton 
Reefs, Lord Howe I. 
W Australia: Rowley Shoals, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, 
Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is., Geographe Bay. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia. 


4] 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Montipora effusa 
Dana, 1846 


Common in the Philippines. Skeletal characters are similar to those of M. turgescens. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron (1991a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Tahiti. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Mozambique and Philippines to French 


Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Montipora peltiformis 
Bernard, 1897 


Common in the Philippines and Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, uncommon elsewhere within 
the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. Coralla show little taxonomically 
significant geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Madagascar to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, 
Flinders Reef. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Rowley Shoals, Kimberley coast, 
Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, 
Houtman Abrolhos Is., SW coastal locations S to Port Gregory. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Thailand 
Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Taiwan, Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, Vanuatu. 


, 


42 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Montipora calcarea 
Bernard, 1897 


An ill-defined and little known species. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Tonga. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: W Australia to Tonga. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Montipora turgescens 
Bernard, 1897 


Common throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range where it 
always has a very wide range of variation. Geographic variations have not been determined, 
but the recorded range of variation in the Philippines and Japan is similar to that of the GBR. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Red Sea and Nicobar Is. to Ellice Is., 
Samoa and French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Torres Strait, N and Central 
GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Elizabeth and 
Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe I. 
W Australia: Scott Reef, Rowley Shoals, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, 
Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is., Port Gregory 
region. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama, Izu. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, 


N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


43 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Montipora capricornis 
Veron, 1985 


Common and conspicuous in higher latitude lagoons of E and W Australia 
(Capricorn/Bunker Reefs and Houtman Abrolhos Is., respectively) and Vanuatu, but 
uncommon elsewhere. Coralla from Australia and Vanuatu have differences in skeletal detail 


which may be taxonomically significant. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1985, 1986a), Veron and Wallace (1984) 
(as Montipora sp. 2). 


TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Cocos (Keeling) Is. to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker 
Reefs. 
W Australia: Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, Vanuatu. 


Montipora setosa 
Nemenzo, 1976 


Generally uncommon in the Philippines, not recorded by the author elsewhere. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Nemenzo (1976). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Montipora sp. E Australia 1 


Known from two specimens from Lord Howe I. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron and Wallace (1984) (as Montipora sp. 3). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Lord Howe I. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Lord Howe I. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Montipora spongodes 
Bernard, 1897 


Usually uncommon. There are substantial differences between coralla from tropical 
reefs and high latitude Australian locations, indicating the presence of geographic subspecies 
or a species complex. Septa are better developed in Japanese coralla than in those from the 
GBR. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Not designated. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Seychelles and W Thailand to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Central GBR, 
Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, 
Lord Howe I., Solitary Is. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., Pilbara 
coast, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is., SW coastal locations S to 
Port Dineson. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, 
Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Thailand, 


Malaysia, Indonesia, Vanuatu. 


45 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Montipora spumosa 
(Lamarck, 1816) 


A distinctive species primarily characterised by a very coarse reticulum. Japanese 
and Philippines coralla have slightly finer reticulum structures than those from the GBR. 
Large colonies with prominent reticulum ridges, common on the GBR and NW Shelf reefs of 
W Australia, have not been seen in Vanuatu, the Philippines or Japan. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Mozambique to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Flinders 
Reef. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, Ningaloo 
Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Kushimoto. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Thailand, 

Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, Vanuatu. 


Montipora confusa 
Nemenzo, 1967 


A common and very distinctive species in the Philippines, not recorded elsewhere. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Nemenzo (1967); Veron and Hodgson (1989). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


46 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Montipora sp. E Australia 2 


Known only from three coralla collected from very different environments. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984) (as Montipora sp. 4). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: GBR to Coral Sea. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, N GBR. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Montipora undata 
Bernard, 1897 


Common on upper reef slopes of tropical Australia, generally uncommon elsewhere. 
Coralla show no taxonomically significant variation throughout the recorded distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Moluccas. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?E Africa, Moluccas and Indonesia to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, Ningaloo 
Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Thailand, 

Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


Montipora mactanensis 
Nemenzo, 1979 


Generally common in the Ryukyu Is. and sometimes common in the Philippines 
where coralla consist of thin plates with fine, radiating reticulum ridges, and show no 


taxonomically significant variation. 


47 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Nemenzo (1979), Veron (1991a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Japan. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Montipora danae 
(Edwards and Haime, 1851) 


Common in Vanuatu, Australia and the Philippines, generally uncommon in Cocos 
(Keeling) Atoll and the Ryukyu Is. Verrucae may be tightly compacted in colonies exposed to 
strong wave action, but variation is generally the same throughout the recorded Central 
Indo-Pacific distribution range. Mostly a uniform pale brown but dark brown at 


Tanegashima. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to Marshall Is. and French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe L., 
Solitary Is. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef Tract, 
Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Kushimoto. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Malaysia, 

Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


48 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Montipora verrucosa 
(Lamarck, 1816) 


Generally rare in the Philippines and Japan, common elsewhere. Coralla show no 
taxonomically significant geographic variation and polyps are often bright blue throughout 
this range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to Marshall Is. and 
?Pitcairn I. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn 
and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch, Ningaloo Reef Tract, 
Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Thailand, 
Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


Montipora capitata 
Dana, 1846 


Common in the Philippines, rare in the Ryukyu Is. where the species occurs as 
isolated pockets. Coralla from the Philippines and Ryukyu Is. are very similar, while those 
from Vanuatu tend to have thicker branches. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Hodgson (1989), Veron (1991a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Hawaii. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Hawaii. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vanuatu. 


49 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Montipora incrassata 
(Dana, 1864) 


Probably common in Vanuatu, uncommon on the GBR and in Japan where colonies 
tend to be submassive, without the digitate or irregular upgrowths of GBR colonies. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Malaysia and W Australia to Hawaii. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Torres Strait, N and 

Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, 

Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs. 

W Australia: Scott Reef, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, Houtman 

Abrolhos Is. 

Philippines - Japan: Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., Tanegashima. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, 

Vanuatu. 


Montipora foveolata 
(Dana, 1864) 


Common on the GBR and in Vanuatu, generally uncommon in the Philippines and 
Japan where colonies are usually plate-like or submassive and have similar corallites which 
are relatively small and less easily distinguished from M. venosa. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?E Africa, ?Chagos and W Australia to 
Pitcairn Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Torres Strait, N and Central 
GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch, Ningaloo Reef Tract, 
Shark Bay region. 


50 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, 
Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Montipora venosa 
(Ehrenberg, 1834) 


Uncommon or rare throughout the known distribution range. Coralla from the 
Philippines and Japan are less easily distinguished from M. foveolata than are those from 
Vanuatu and the GBR. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to Marshall Is. and French 
Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, 

N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, 

Lord Howe I. 

W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., 

Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Hong Kong, Malaysia, Vietnam, 

Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Montipora caliculata 
(Dana, 1846) 


Uncommon or rare throughout the recorded distribution range except at Vanuatu 
where it is very common. The reticulum of coralla from the Philippines and Japan is usually 
finer than that of most GBR coralla; corallites are very similar. Vanuatu colonies have a wider 
range of growth forms than recorded elsewhere. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


ot 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Malaysia and W Australia to Pitcairn I. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N GBR, Flinders Reef. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Vanuatu. 


Montipora angulata 
(Lamarck, 1816) 


Uncommon throughout the known distribution range. Found only on reef flats or 
subtidal sand flats with M. digitata at Cocos (Keeling) Atoll where colonies have thick 
branches becoming columnar, with conspicuous open corallites. Environment-correlated and 
geographic variation has not been fully recorded elsewhere, but is wider than this. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: “Eastern Indian Ocean”. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Gulf of Mannar and W Australia to GBR. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, N 
and Central GBR, Solitary Is. 
W Australia: Scott Reef, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is., Shark 
Bay region. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tosashimizu. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand, Taiwan, 

Cocos (Keeling) Atoll. 


Montipora samarensis 
Nemenzo, 1967 


May form extensive stands in the Philippines and Yaeyama Is., where colonies may have 
long, compact branches. Probably rare in the Okinawa Is.; very common on reef flats of Vanuatu. 


52 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Nemenzo (1976), Veron and Hodgson (1989). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 

W Australia: not found. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vanuatu. 


Montipora altasepta 
Nemenzo, 1967 


Forms extensive stands in the Philippines and Yaeyama Is. where, in thick stands of 
Montipora, branches may be long and straight; in more isolated colonies, branches usually 
become short, irregular and and anastomosed. Has not been recorded elsewhere in Japan. 
Very common on protected reef flats of Vanuatu where branches are of highly variable size 
and shape. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Nemenzo (1967), Veron and Hodgson (1989). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vanuatu. 


Montipora sp. Cocos (Keeling) Atoll 


A sub-arborescent species similar to M. digitata, primarily distinguished by high 
reticulum ridges between corallites and flattened branch tips with few corallites. This species 
has not been recorded elsewhere in the Central Indo-Pacific. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron (1990b). 


53 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Cocos (Keeling) Atoll only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Montipora digitata 
(Dana, 1846) 


Very common in protected shallow (subtidal) water throughout the recorded 
distribution range. Has a very wide range of environment-correlated variation. May be a 
species complex. May occur as two colour morphs in the Philippines and GBR, but is 
usually cream or brown elsewhere. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: E Africa and Arabian Sea to Vanuatu and Fiji. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, 

N and Central GBR. 

W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Cartier Reef, Scott Reef, Kimberley coast, 

Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is., 

Geralton region. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Thailand, 

Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


Montipora gaimardi 
Bernard, 1897 


Common in the Philippines, uncommon in the Ryukyu Is. Variation has not been 
fully determined, but is generally like M. digitata but with short, contorted branches. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Bernard (1897), Veron (1991a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


54 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Japan. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 

W Australia: not found. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Montipora hispida 
(Dana, 1846) 


Common on the GBR and Vanuatu, generally uncommon in Japan except at 
Kushimoto. Variation is similar throughout the tropics. Coralla from mainland locations of 
Japan are relatively plate-like and lightly calcified; colonies are usually columnar in lagoons 
of tropical reefs. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Singapore. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: E Africa to Hawaii. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn 
and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, 
Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Thailand, 
Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


Montipora informis 
Bernard, 1897 


Generally common throughout the recorded Indo-west pacific distribution range, 
with a similar range of variation. Massive colonies are especially large at Tanegashima and 


these have an especially wide colour range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Bernard (1897), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 


55 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and Madagascar to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Tanegashima, 
Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Malaysia, 

Hong Kong, Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


Montipora orientalis 
Nemenzo, 1967 


Philippine colonies are flat, glabrous, unifacial or bifacial plates. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Nemenzo (1967). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Montipora australiensis 
Bernard, 1897 


Well-defined and common only on exposed reefs of the Coral Sea; generally rare 
elsewhere. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Bernard (1897), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Houtman Abrolhos Is. Taxonomic note: Although the Houtman Abrolhos 
Is. is the type locality, this species has not been found by the author anywhere in W Australia. 


56 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Malaysia and W Australia to Pitcairn Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, N GBR. 
W Australia: Houtman Abrolhos Is. (type specimen only). 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia. 


Montipora efflorescens 
Bernard, 1897 


Common throughout the known distribution range except Vanuatu where it is 
uncommon. Colonies from the Philippines and Ryukyu Is. have a similar range of variation, 
but tend to develop branch-like up-growths more than is usual on the GBR. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Gulf of Oman and Chagos Is. to Samoa 
and French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 

Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, 

Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Solitary Is. 

W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., 

Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Izu. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Thailand, 

Malaysia, Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


57 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Montipora nodosa 
(Dana, 1846) 


Common in the Coral Sea, uncommon elsewhere. Coralla show no taxonomically 


significant geographic variation throughout the recorded distribution range. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: W Australia to Pitcairn Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Torres Strait, N and 
Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Flinders reef, Elizabeth and 
Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: Scott Reef, Dampier Arch., Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


Montipora grisea 
Bernard, 1897 


Generally common throughout the recorded distribution range except for W 
Australia where it is common only in the tropics. Shows no taxonomically significant 
geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Tonga. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Cocos (Keeling) Is. to Tonga. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef Tract, 
Houtman Abrolhos Is., SW coastal locations S to Port Gregory. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, N Papua New Guinea, Cocos 

(Keeling) Atoll, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


58 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Montipora hirsuta 
Nemenzo, 1967 


Common in the Philippines and Ryukyu Is. where colonies show no taxonomically 
significant geographic variation and are uniformly cream in colour. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Nemenzo (1967). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines to Japan. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Japan. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 

W Australia: not found. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Montipora stellata 
Bernard, 1897 


Sometimes common in the Philippines and common on the GBR and in Japan (S 
Ryukyu Is. only). Coralla show no taxonomically significant geographic variation 
throughout the recorded distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Saudi Arabia and W Australia to E 


Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, 

N and Central GBR. 

W Australia: Dampier Arch., Houtman Abrolhos Is. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, N Papua New Guinea, 


Malaysia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Taiwan. 


59 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Montipora malampaya 
Nemenzo, 1967 


Common in the Philippines, generally rare in the Yaeyama Is. Colonies show no 


taxonomically significant geographic variations. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Nemenzo (1967). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Japan. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Montipora cactus 
Bernard, 1897 


Generally common in protected shallow biotopes and has a similar range of 
variation within the recorded distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Bernard (1897). Veron (1991a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Japan. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 

W Australia: not found. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Montipora sp. Philippines 


Common in the Yaeyama Is. over a wide range of environments, probably less 
common elsewhere. Colonies consist of thin plates like those of M. foliosa, with irregular 
coenostial ridges and elongate papillae. Corallites are minute and widely spaced. 


60 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron and Hodgson (1989). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Japan. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 

W Australia: not found. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Montipora corbettensis 
Veron and Wallace, 1984 


Rare and little studied. Colonies are massive or are thick unifacial or bifacial plates. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Malaysia to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Torres Strait, Nand Central GBR. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Indonesia, N Papua New 


Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Montiporea sp. E Australia 3 


Rare and little studied. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron and Wallace (1984) (as Montipora sp. 5). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: GBR only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: N and Central GBR. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


61 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Montipora foliosa 
(Pallas, 1766) 


Very common on the GBR and tropical W Australia, generally uncommon or rare in 
the Houtman Abrolhos Is., Vanuatu, the Ryukyu Is. and probably the Philippines. Shows no 
taxonomically significant geographic variation except at the Philippines where there is a 
possibility of an additional, very similar species (M. multipapillosa Nemenzo) being present. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and Mozambique to Fiji. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Torres Strait, N and Central 
GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, Indonesia, N Papua New 


Guinea, Malaysia, Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


Montipora cebuensis 
Nemenzo, 1976 


Generally uncommon throughout the recorded distribution range. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Nemenzo (1976), Veron and Hodgson (1989). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vanuatu. 


62 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Montipora aequituberculata 
Bernard, 1897 


Very common in E and W Australia, generally uncommon in Vanuatu, the 
Philippines and the Ryukyu Is. Seldom forms large plates in the Ryukyu Is. but coralla are 
very similar throughout the recorded distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Bernard (1897), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Torres Strait. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to Marquesas Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Torres Strait, N and Central 
GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, 
Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe I. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef 
Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is., SW coastal locations S to 
Port Gregory. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Cocos (Keeling) 

Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Montipora friabilis 
Bernard, 1897 


Uncommon and little studied. The validity of this species is uncertain. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Bernard (1897), Veron and Hodgson (1989). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Mozambique to Japan. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 

W Australia: not found. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Tanegashima. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


63 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Montipora florida 
Nemenzo, 1967 


Uncommon and little studied. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Nemenzo (1967), Veron and Hodgson (1989). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Montipora crassituberculata 
Bernard, 1897 


Generally common in Vanuatu and the GBR, generally uncommon in W Australia, 
rare in the Philippines. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Bernard (1897), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Houtman Abrolhos Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Thailand to Pitcairn Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Torres Strait, N and 
Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, 
Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, N Papua 
New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Montipora sp. W Australia 1 


A doubtful species known from a single corallum. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron and Marsh (1988). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: W Australia only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Montipora sp. W Australia 2 


A doubtful species known from a single corallum. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron and Marsh (1988). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: W Australia only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Montipora sp. W Australia 3 


Probably a valid species, but little studied. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron and Marsh (1988). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: W Australia only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


65 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Genus Anacropora 
Ridley, 1884 


Anacropora forbesi 
Ridley, 1884 


Generally uncommon throughout the recorded distribution range, but may be a 
dominant species on soft substrates in deeper water. 

Very polymorphic; coralla from Japan are similar to those from Vanuatu in having 
prominent, conical shaped corallites, but differ in having blunt, rather than pointed branch 
tips. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Cocos (Keeling) Atoll (not found by Veron, 1990b). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Seychelles and Providence Is. to Marshall 
Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, 
N and Central GBR. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, N Papua 
New Guinea, Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, Vanuatu. 


Anacropora puertogalerae 
Nemenzo, 1964 


Generally uncommon throughout the recorded distribution range. Colonies from the 
Ryukyu Is. and other equatorial western Pacific countries are very similar, but differ 
substantially from those of Vanuatu and the GBR in having finer branches and relatively 
prominent coenosteum styles. This may amount to a species-level difference. 

TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Nemenzo (1964), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Vanuatu. 


66 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, 
N and Central GBR. 
W Australia: Scott Reef. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Indonesia, N Papua New 
Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Anacropora spinosa 
Rehberg, 1892 


Generally uncommon or rare throughout the recorded distribution range except in 
restricted pockets. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Rehberg (1892). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Palau. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Malaysia to Japan. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 

W Australia: not found. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Indonesia. 


Anacropora matthati 
Pillai, 1973 


Uncommon or rare but with a similar range of variation throughout the recorded 


distribution range. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Indonesia to E Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 


S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Central GBR. 
W Australia: not found. 


67 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New 


Guinea, S Papua New Guinea. 


Anacropora reticulata 
Veron and Wallace, 1984 


Colonies in the Philippines and Ryukyu Is. are similar, with robust branches up to 
12mm diameter 20mm from the tip. Coralla from the GBR have a relatively fine coenosteum 


and elaborate coenosteum spinules. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Indonesia to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Central GBR. 

W Australia: not found. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Indonesia, Vanuatu. 


Anacropora sp.Philippines 


A single corallum from the Ryukyu Is. has more compact branches than Philippines 
coralla, otherwise they are very similar. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Hodgson (1989), Veron (1991a). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Japan. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


68 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Genus Acropora 
Oken, 1815 


As with most Montipora species, there is a greater degree of intra- specific similarity 
between Acropora of the tropical NW Shelf of W Australia and the GBR than there is between 
tropical and temperate Australian locations. There are also major differences in the relative 
abundance of species between tropical and temperate regions. Of the 15 groups of Acropora 
defined by Veron and Wallace (1984), the A. palifera and A. echinata groups are largely 
restricted to NW Shelf reefs of W Australia where colonies are similar in abundance and 
appearance to those of the GBR. Three common members of the A. humilis group (A. humilis, 
A. gemmifera and A. monticulosa) are similarly restricted or absent in W Australia. 

There are major differences in relative abundance between the W and E Australian 
coasts in other species: A. samoensis, A. cytherea, A. aculeus, A. divaricata, A. clathrata and A. 
sarmentosa are all common on most reefs of the GBR, but usually uncommon in W Australian 
coastal locations. The reverse applies to A. willisae, which is much less common on the GBR. 
Acropora abrolhosensis, A. spicifera and A. stoddarti have not been recorded from the E coast. 

Several W Australian Acropora species have distinct variants in specific geographic 
regions and may be sibling species or geographic subspecies. The most notable of these are 
A. grandis from temperate locations, which has distinct morphological characters and 
colours, and A. florida from all W locations which is similarly distinguished from all E coast 
locations. 

There are also morphological, colour and behavioural differences between colonies 
from temperate locations and their tropical counterparts. Several species of Acropora at the 
Houtman Abrolhos Is. extend their polyps during the day, whereas this is almost never seen 
in tropical locations. Similarly, many Acropora species at the Houtman Abrolhos Is. (except 
those growing on reef flats exposed to wave action) are relatively lightly calcified. Coralla of 
all species from coastal temperate locations are substantially morphologically different from 
coralla of the same species (or in some cases, supposedly the same species) from either the 
Houtman Abrolhos Is. or from tropical locations. This may be attributable to environmental 
conditions at the extreme limit of distribution ranges. 

One of the most distinctive characters of Cocos (Keeling) Atoll corals is the low 
diversity and, usually, the low abundance of Acropora. The only extensive stands of living 
Acropora are on reef flats. Very extensive stands of dead arborescent species, mainly A. 
pulchra and A. formosa, occur in the lagoon and extensive dead tabular colonies, no longer 
identifiable, occur at North Keeling I. 

In Japan, Acropora of coral reef locations (Ryukyu Is.) are also markedly different 
from those of higher latitude non-reefal locations. In both regions, Acropora is usually the 
overwhelmingly dominant genus; the differences being (a) in skeletal structure, colour and 
general appearance in situ, (b) in the relative abundance of dominant species and (c), in total 
species composition. Skeletal structures of mainland Acropora (unlike those of the Houtman 
Abrolhos Is.) are relatively thick, solid and highly calcified. Colour patterns may be the same 
or be completely different; they are usually darker and more intense. Relative abundance of 
species is generally uniform between adjacent locations of relatively high diversity (eg. 
between Shirahama and Kushimoto), but may vary greatly between distant mainland 


69 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


locations (eg. Amakusa Is. and Kushimoto). In general, for any given species, there is less 
geographic variation within the Ryukyu Is. than there is within mainland locations. This may 
be genetic or it may be the result of more critical environmental gradations. 


Acropora palifera 
(Lamarck, 1815) 


The most common of all corals on the E Australian coast, but known only from the 
NW Shelf reefs of the W coast where it is abundant, especially on upper reef slopes exposed 
to strong wave action. The range of growth forms on both Australian coasts is similar except 
that colonies at Lord Howe Is. tend to form incipient axial corallites. Coralla from the reef 
slope and lagoon of Cocos (Keeling) Atoll are similar and thus display only a small part of 
the variation of Australian coralla. A dominant species in high energy environments 
throughout the Philippines and Ryukyu Is., where there is little taxonomically significant 
geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: “Southern Ocean”. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: E Africa to the Marshall Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Torres Strait, N and Central 
GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, 
Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe I. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, 
Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora cuneata 
(Dana, 1846) 


Common on the GBR, uncommon in the Philippines and Ryukyu Is. Corallites of 
Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, Vanuatu, the Philippines and Ryukyu Is. coralla tend to be smaller 
than is normal on the GBR. At Tanegashima, encrusting colonies occur in exposed habitats 
and these have irregular corallites with some tendency to form incipient axial corallites. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


70 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: E Africa to the Marshall Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Torres Strait, N and 
Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Tanegashima. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua 
New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora brueggemanni 
(Brook, 1893) 


Like A. palifera, this species is found only on NW Shelf reefs of the W Australian 
coast, where it has the same range of growth forms as on the GBR. Very common on reef flats 
and upper reef slopes of the Philippines and Ryukyu Is. and may be a dominant species in 
both exposed and protected habitats. Uncommon in Vanuatu. Has a similar, wide range of 
variation throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Singapore. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Mozambique and Malaysia to Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Torres Strait, N and 
Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, Indonesia, N Papua New 


Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora ocellata 
(Klunzinger, 1879) 


Recorded in the Central Indo-Pacific only from Cocos (Keeling) Atoll where it is 
common. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wells (1950), Veron (1990b). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Red Sea. 


71 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to Cocos (Keeling) Atoll. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Cocos (Keeling) Atoll. 


Acropora humilis 
(Dana, 1846) 


Common in Vanuatu, on the GBR and NW Shelf reefs of W Australia, but has only 
been recorded at the Dampier Archipelago on the W Australian coast, where it is uncommon. 
Common in Vanuatu. Restricted to exposed biotopes of the Philippines and Ryukyu Is. 
where it is generally uncommon to rare. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn 
and Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, 
N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora gemmifera 
(Brook, 1892) 


Common in Vanuatu, on GBR upper reef slopes and on the NW Shelf reefs of W 
Australia, but has only been recorded at the Dampier Archipelago on the mainland coast, 
where it is uncommon. Restricted to exposed biotopes of the Philippines and Ryukyu Is. 
where it is usually much more abundant than A. humilis. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


79 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to Pitcairn Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Flinders Reef, 
Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe I. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Vietnam, Taiwan, N Papua 
New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora monticulosa 
(Briiggemann, 1897) 


Uncommon on the GBR where it may form very large colonies on upper reef slopes. 
Recorded only from the NW Shelf reefs of W Australia and similarly exposed biotopes in the 
Philippines and Ryukyu Is., where it is generally uncommon, and Vanuatu where it is 
common. Has a similar range of variation throughout the recorded Central Indo- Pacific. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Rodriguez. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Aldabra to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, Torres 
Strait, N and Central GBR. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, Thailand, Taiwan, 
N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora sp. E Australia 1 
Rare; found only on the GBR where it has a distinctive appearance. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron and Wallace (1984) (as Acropora sp. 1). 
DISTRIBUTION: 


Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: GBR only. 


73 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: N GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Acropora samoensis 
(Brook, 1891) 


Generally uncommon throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific except at 
Vanuatu where it is common. Coralla from the Philippines and the Ryukyu Is. show no 
taxonomically significant differences. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Samoa. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Thailand to Samoa and Pitcairn Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, 
Flinders Reef. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Indonesia, N Papua New 

Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora digitifera 
(Dana, 1846) 


Common on exposed reef flats of tropical W and E Australia, the Ryukyu Is. and 
Tanegashima, where colonies have the same range of growth forms. Only corymbose 
colonies have been recorded from the Houtman Abrolhos Is. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 
DISTRIBUTION: 

Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and Madagascar to Samoa, French 


Polynesia and ?Pitcairn Is. 


74 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Elizabeth 
and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., 
Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is., 
SW coastal locations S to Port Gregory. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Amakusa Is. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, 

N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora multiacuta 
Nemenzo, 1967 


Uncommon or rare throughout the known Indo-west Pacific distribution range. 
Forms much larger colonies in the Philippines than on the GBR. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978), Nemenzo (1976), Veron and Wallace (1984), 
Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Nicobar Is. to E Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, 
Pompey and Swain Reefs. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Indonesia. 


Acropora bushyensis 
Veron and Wallace, 1984 


A single specimen attributed to this species from W Australia shows no differences 
from coralla from the southern GBR, the only other recorded locality of the species. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978) (as A. tubicinaria) (Dana, 1846), Veron and 
Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


75 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ? W to E Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Central GBR, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: Shark Bay region. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: ?Vietnam. 


Acropora verweyt 
Veron and Wallace, 1984 


Generally uncommon on the GBR, uncommon in W Australian coastal locations, but 
common at most NW Shelf reefs and in Vanuatu. Colonies at the Houtman Abrolhos Is. have 
longer branches than usual for tropical locations. Generally uncommon in the Ryukyu Is., 
but may be found in both protected and exposed biotopes. Is usually (but not necessarily) a 
uniform pale brown with yellow axial corallites throughout the recorded distribution range, 
showing no taxonomically significant geographic variation in growth form or colour. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Coral Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Thailand and W Australia to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, 
Flinders Reef, Solitary Is. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, Ningaloo 
Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., Tanegashima. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Vietnam, Vanuatu. 


76 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Acropora lovelli 
Veron and Wallace, 1984 


Rare in Vanuatu and tropical Australia where most identifications are tentative only. 
Common on high latitude Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs and Lord Howe I. of E Australia. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Middleton Reef. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Thailand and W Australia to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Central GBR, Elizabeth and Middleton 
Reefs, Lord Howe I. 
W Australia: Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, Houtman Abrolhos Is., 
Geralton region. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Vanuatu. 


Acropora glauca 
(Brook, 1893) 


Rare at tropical Australian locations but common on high latitude reefs of Australia 
including Lord Howe I. and the Houtman Abrolhos Is. Generally uncommon at 
Tanegashima, becoming common in Japan mainland locations, where colonies consist of 
irregularly anastomosing horizontal branches and short upward-curving branchlets forming 
large corymbose plates. These coralla are similar to those from high latitudes of E Australia, 
except that radial corallites of the latter tend to have thinner outer lips giving a rasp-like 
appearance, and axial corallites tend to be smaller. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: W Australia. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: W Australia to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: N and Central GBR, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe I., 


Solitary Is. 


77 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Rowley Shoals, Dampier Arch., Houtman 

Abrolhos Is., SW coastal locations S to Geralton. 

Philippines - Japan: Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, Taiwan. 


Acropora robusta 
(Dana, 1846) 


Common in shallow exposed biotopes of the GBR, Vanuatu and the NW Shelf reefs 
where colonies have the same range of variation. Uncommon in the Ryukyu Is and Cocos 
(Keeling) Is. where radial corallites are finer than usual in GBR coralla. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: E Africa and Red Sea to Pitcairn Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 

Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, 

Flinders Reef. 

W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, Ningaloo 

Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Cocos (Keeling) 

Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora danai 
(Edwards and Haime, 1816) 


Found only in tropical locations of W Australia where colonies have the same range 
of variation found on the GBR, where it is common in shallow exposed biotopes. Uncommon 
in the Philippines and Ryukyu Is. where colonies generally have finer, more highly fused 
branches than on the GBR. Coralla from Cocos (Keeling) Atoll have unusually elongate 
corallites near branch tips. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978) (as A. rotumana (Gardiner, 1897), Veron and 
Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


78 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, 
Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Solitary Is. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef Tract, 
Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Cocos (Keeling) 
Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Vanuatu. 


Acropora palmerae 
Wells, 1954 


A rare species not satisfactorily separated from A. danai or A. robusta. Restricted to 
reef faces exposed to very strong wave action and is mostly encrusting. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wells (1954), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Marshall Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Mascarene Is., ? Thailand and E Australia 


to Marshall Is. and Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker 
Reefs, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


Acropora nobilis 
(Dana, 1846) 


Common, and has a similar range of variation throughout the recorded Central 
Indo-Pacific distribution range, forming extensive monospecific stands in a wide range of 


environments. 


79 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978) (as Acropora intermedia (Brook, 1891), Veron 
and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Singapore. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to Fiji and French 
Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Flinders 
Reef. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, Ningaloo 
Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, 
Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora polystoma 
(Brook, 1891) 


Uncommon throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. Coralla 
from Vanuatu show no taxonomically significant differences from Great Barrier Reef coralla. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Mauritius. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and Mozambique to Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Torres Strait, N and Central 
GBR. 
W Australia: Dampier Arch. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Singapore, Indonesia, N Papua New 
Guinea, Vanuatu. 


80 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Acropora listeri 
(Brook, 1893) 


Rare on the GBR, in the Philippines and Yaeyama Is., generally uncommon in 
Vanuatu and the Kerama Is. of Japan. Coralla are very similar throughout the recorded 
Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Tonga. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Thailand to Pitcairn Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: Dampier Arch. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Tanegashima. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Vietnam, N Papua New 
Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora grandis 
(Brook, 1892) 


Seldom common on the GBR, but found in a wide variety of biotopes. Colonies 
tentatively attributed to this species are very common on reef flats and upper reef slopes of 
the Houtman Abrolhos Is. where most are a uniform pale brown or bright blue. These do not 
form the large, thick-branched colonies that are common in similar environments on the 
GBR. Coralla from both Australian coasts have similar, lightly calcified corallites. Generally 
common in the Philippines and the Ryukyu Is., uncommon in Vanuatu where colonies show 


no taxonomically significant differences from those of the GBR. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Red Sea and W Australia to Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn 
and Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef. 


81 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef 
Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is., SW coastal locations S to Port Gregory. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, 
N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora formosa 
(Dana, 1846) 


Very common throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range, 
except at Cocos (Keeling) Atoll where it is uncommon and has a similar range of variation 
throughout this range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji and Sulu Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and Madagascar to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn 
and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., Pilbara 
coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Cocos (Keeling) 
Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora teres 
(Verrill, 1866) 


This is an arborescent species, primarily characterised by very straight branches and 
immersed radial corallites. It has been recorded from the Philippines (Ross and Hodgson, 
1982 and Veron and Hodgson, 1989) but not the Ryukyu Is. (the type locality) by the author. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wells (1954). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Japan. 


82 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ? Philippines to Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines; Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Acropora sp. Cocos (Keeling) Atoll 1 


Sometimes common at Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, unrecorded elsewhere. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Vaughan (1918) gives a very extensive account of this 
species (as A. pharaonis) which incorporates descriptions of earlier authors. 


DISTRIBUTION: Unrecorded. 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Cocos (Keeling) Atoll only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Acropora abrolhosensis 
Veron, 1985 


Uncommon at all recorded locations except the Houtman Abrolhos Is. where it is 
common and Vanuatu where it is rare. Coralla from all W Australian locations have similar 
skeletal structures, and polyps are usually extended day and night. Generally uncommon in 
the Ryukyu Is. where it forms extensive thickets with straight branches similar to those of 


Australia. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1985, 1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Houtman Abrolhos Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: W Australia to Vanuatu. 


83 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef Tract, 
Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vanuatu. 


Acropora acuminata 
(Verrill, 1864) 


Uncommon on the GBR, in Vanuatu, the Philippines and in the Ryukyu Is. except on 
high diversity reef flats of the Kerama Is. where it forms large, circular, pale to dark brown, 
corymbose plates. Branches are finer and closer, and corallites smaller, than in most coralla 
from the GBR, but are similar in these respects to coralla from Thailand. Skeletons of 
Japanese coralla bleach white, whereas those of all other Central Indo-Pacific countries 
(where studied) retain dark pigments after bleaching. The present records are doubtful; the 
species warrants further study. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Gilbert Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Thailand to Vanuatu and ?Gilbert and 
Marshall Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Torres Strait, N and Central 
GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, 
Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


Acropora valenciennest1 
(Edwards and Haime, 1860) 


Common only in tropical Australian locations where colonies show no 
taxonomically significant geographic variation. Coralla from the Houtman Abrolhos Is. are 
more arborescent and are only tentatively attributed to this species. Rare in the Philippines, 
generally uncommon and restricted to exposed reef slopes of Vanuatu and the Ryukyu Is. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978) (as A. splendida Nemenzo, 1967), Veron and 
Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 


84 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, 
Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, 

Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora pruinosa 
Brook, 1893 


A distinctive species restricted to the environmental extremes of Acropora 
distribution. At the Amakusa Is. it is the dominant species at one small depauperate site 
where it has two colour morphs, greenish and brown. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1991a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Straits of Korea and ‘China’. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: China to mainland Japan. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 

W Australia: not found. 

Philippines - Japan: Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Izu. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Hong Kong. 


Acropora parilis 
(Quelch, 1816) 


Common in some lagoon biotopes of Vanuatu, the Philippines, and the S Ryukyu Is., 
where colonies are very similar and may form extensive stands. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron and Hodgson (1989). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


85 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 

W Australia: not found. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vanuatu. 


Acropora exquisita 
Nemenzo, 1971 


Common in the Philippines, uncommon in Vanuatu, Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, the 
Philippines and Ryukyu Is. Colonies have a similar appearance throughout the recorded 
distribution range. They display very wide environment-correlated, and possibly age- 
correlated, variation, analogous to that of A. pulchra. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Nemenzo (1971). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Cocos (Keeling) Is. to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 

W Australia: Scott Reef, Rowley Shoals. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, Vanuatu. 


Acropora akajimensis 
Veron, 1990 


Probably uncommon or rare in the Philippines (not recorded by Nemenzo or Veron 
and Hodgson, 1989), but common on high diversity reef flats of the Kerama Is., Japan. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron (1990c, 1991a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Ryukyu Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Japan. 


86 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 

W Australia: not found. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Acropora microphthalma 
(Verrill, 1869) 


Probably uncommon throughout most of the recorded Central Indo-Pacific 
distribution range. Colonies of NW Shelf reefs of W Australia are mostly indistinguishable 
from those from the GBR, but several coralla are referred to this species with doubt. A single 
corallum from the Houtman Abrolhos Is. and some from northern coastal locations may 
represent a separate species or geographic subspecies. Common, and may form extensive 
stands in the Philippines and Ryukyu Is. Colonies from all locations are usually pale grey in 


colour. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Ryukyu Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: E Africa to Pitcairn Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., Pilbara 
coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, 
Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora copiosa 
Nemenzo, 1967 


An ill-defined species common in Vanuatu, uncommon in the Philippines and rare 
in the Ryukyu Is. Growth forms range from compact thickets to sprawling, horizontal 


branches. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Nemenzo (1967). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines to Vanuatu. 


87 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 


W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Tanegashima. 


Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vanuatu. 


Acropora sp. Japan 1 


This is an undescribed species forming small compact clumps with proliferous, 
tapering branches and very small axial corallites. The species has the general appearance ofa 


diminutive A. microphthalma. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron (1991a). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Japan only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Yaeyama Is. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Acropora kirstyae 
Veron and Wallace, 1984 


Generally uncommon on the GBR, rare in the Philippines, but may form extensive 
stands in isolated pockets of Yaeyama Is.; rare elsewhere in Japan. Corallites of Japanese and 
GBR coralla have less flared lips than those from the Philippines. 

TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 
DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Singapore and the Philippines to the 


Marshall Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Central GBR. 


88 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Singapore, Indonesia, S Papua New 
Guinea. 


Acropora sp. E Australia 2 


Rare and little studied. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron and Wallace (1984) (as Acropora sp. 2). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: GBR only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Swain and Pompey Reefs. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Acropora sekisetensis 
Veron, 1990 


Common over a wide range of environments of Sekisei Lagoon, Yaeyama Is., 


including reef flats and lagoons. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1990c, 1991a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Ryukyu Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Ryukyu Is. only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 


W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


89 


FAMILY ACROPORIDA E—— 


Acropora sp. W Australia 


A distinctive species with close affinities with A. horrida, apparently endemic to the 


Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron and Marsh (1988) (as Acropora sp. 1). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: W Australia only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Acropora horrida 
(Dana, 1846) 


Common in the Philippines, GBR and tropical W Australia where colonies are pale 
or dark blue, rarely brown. Forms a distinct geographic subspecies at the Houtman Abrolhos 
Is. where colonies are mostly brown, form stands up to 2 m diameter, and have relatively 
small corallites. Polyps are usually extended day and night in all Australian locations. 
Uncommon in the Ryukyu Is. where colonies form compact bushes or have a sprawling 
growth form and also have relatively small corallites. There remains a possibility that the 


latter are is a distinct species. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to the Marshall Is. 
and French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Torres Strait, N and Central 
GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Elizabeth and 
Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef Tract, 
Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, N Papua New Guinea, 

Vietnam, Indonesia. 


90 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Acropora tortuosa 
(Dana, 1846) 


Very rare on the GBR and tropical W Australia, common on high latitude reefs of 
E Australia but uncommon on the Houtman Abrolhos Is. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: W Australia to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: N and Central GBR, Elizabeth 
and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: Dampier Arch., Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Acropora vaughant 
Wells, 1954 


Uncommon on the GBR except in some turbid biotopes, common in the Philippines 
and in the Kerama Is., but rare elsewhere in Japan. Coralla are similar throughout the 


recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Marshall Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Saudi Arabia and W Australia to Marshall 


Is. and French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Torres Strait, N and 
Central GBR. 
W Australia: Scott Reef, Rowley Shoals, Ningaloo Reef Tract, 
Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, N Papua New 


Guinea, Vietnam, Indonesia. 


91 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Acropora austera 
(Dana, 1846) 


Found in a wide range of environments throughout the recorded Central Indo- 
Pacific distribution range and is sometimes common in areas of high diversity. Coralla are 
very similar throughout this range and colonies usually have distinctive yellow axial 


corallites. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Saudi Arabia and Madagascar to the 
Marshall Is. and French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, 
Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef Tract, 
Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, 

N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora aspera 
(Dana, 1846) 


Generally common in a wide range of biotopes throughout the recorded Central 
Indo-Pacific distribution range but uncommon at Cocos (Keeling) Atoll. Colonies from reef 
flats of Australia and the Philippines are characteristically corymbose. Those from mainland 
locations of Japan are highly anastomosed, becoming plate-like or forming solid plates. 
These form a distinct geographic sub-species of doubtful taxonomic affinity; they are usually 
darkly coloured. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


92 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Chagos to Fiji and ?Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: Cocos-Keeling Is. to Fiji. 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Elizabeth 
and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., Pilbara 
coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Shirahama, Kushimoto. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, 

Malaysia, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora pulchra 
(Brook, 1891) 


Generally uncommon on the GBR and usually restricted to shallow back-reef 
margins. Commonly forms extensive monospecific stands in shallow lagoons and on upper 
reef slopes of Vanuatu, the Houtman Abrolhos Is. and Cocos (Keeling) Atoll. Also common 
on reef flats, where colonies become sub-corymbose. Coralla from the Houtman (Abrolhos) 
Is. have relatively fine branches and lightly calcified, small corallites. May form very 
extensive stands in shallow, protected environments of Sekisei Lagoon, Yaeyama Is., but is 
generally uncommon in Japan. Has a similar wide range of variation and is usually blue or 
cream throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Cocos-Keeling Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Mozambique to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, 
N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Elizabeth and Middleton 
Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., 
Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Cocos (Keeling) 
Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


93 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Acropora millepora 
(Ehrenberg, 1834) 


Common on the GBR, sometimes common in the Yaeyama Is. but generally 
uncommon in Japan. May be the same distinctive salmon-pink colour in Japan, the 
Philippines and the GBR, but has a wide range of other colours. Shows very little variation 
throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: “Indian Ocean”. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Sri Lanka and Malaysia to Marshall Is and 


Tonga. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Flinders 
Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Solitary Is. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., Pilbara 
coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is., SW 
coastal locations S to Jurien Bay. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, 
Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora tenuis 
(Dana, 1846) 


Common on the GBR, in Vanuatu, and the Philippines, uncommon in the Ryukyu Is. 
except in some reef flats. Philippines and Ryukyu Is. colonies have a similar appearance in 
situ, with a sprawling growth form and large, distinctive corallites with wide flaring lips. 
Australian colonies are generally less distinctive. Usually the same cream colour throughout 
the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range, but may be other colours. Polyps are 
usually partly extended during the day at the Houtman Abrolhos Is. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: E Africa to Vanuatu and the Marshall Is. 


94 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Elizabeth 
and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef Tract, 
Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, 
N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora selago 
(Studer, 1878) 


Common in tropical reefs throughout the recorded Central Indo- Pacific distribution 
range. It is not known if the full range of variation determined on the GBR also occurs in 
Japan, where collected coralla have relatively fine branches and corallites, the latter being 
more appressed than usual on GBR coralla. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978) (as A. delicatula), Veron and Wallace (1984), 
Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: New Ireland. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: SE India and Sri Lanka to Johnston Atoll 
and the Marshall Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef Tract, 
SW coastal locations S to Port Gregory. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, 


N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora sp. Japan 2 


A single corallum from Tanegashima appears to be a distinct species. It is a 
corymbose plate with an open branching pattern and is primarily characterised by flaring 
radial corallites (similar to, but smaller than, those of A. selago) and a very coarse lace-like 


skeleton. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1991a). 


95 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION; 


Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution; Japan only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found, 
W Australia: not found, 
Philippines «Japan; Tanegashima, 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records; none, 


Acropora donet 
Veron and Wallace, 1984 


Uneommon, but forms large, conspicuous colonies throughout the recorded 
distribution range, 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES; Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a), 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR, 


DISTRIBUTION: 


Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution; Thailand to Vanuatu, 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea « E Australia: Coral Sea, Torres Strait, N and 
Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, 
W Australia; NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines « Japan: Philippines, 


Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Vanuatu. 


Acropora dendrum 
(Bassett-Smith, 1890) 

Generally uncommon throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution 
range, Readily confused with A, valida in mainland Japan where it forms corymbose plates 
with tapering branchlets and thick-lipped immersed corallites, This identification of 
mainland coralla, which form a distinct geographic subspecies, is tentative only, 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES; Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a), 


TYPE LOCALITY: South China Sea, 


96 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Thailand to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: Pilbara coast, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., 
Kushimoto, Shirahama. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, 

Vanuatu. 


Acropora yongel 
Veron and Wallace, 1984 


Common in high diversity areas of upper reef slopes and flats of the Ryukyu Is., 
especially the Kerama Is. Uncommon in Vanuatu. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978) (as A. Hiainei), Veron and Wallace (1984), 
Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: W Australia to Fiji. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, 
Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, 
Lord Howe Is., Solitary Is. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Houtman Abrolhos Is., 
Port Gregory region, Rottnest I. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, Indonesia, N Papua New 


Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora cytherea 
(Dana, 1846) 


Forms extensive stands in shallow water on the GBR, the Philippines, Vanuatu and 
some locations of the Ryukyu Is. Has a similar range of variation throughout the recorded 
Central Indo-Pacific distribution range, but may have wide environment-correlated variation. 


97 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Tahiti. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to French Polynesia 


and Hawaii. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, 
Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Solitary Is. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef Tract, 
Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Cocos 
(Keeling) Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora microclados 
(Ehrenberg, 1834) 


Common in the Philippines, the Yaeyama Is., and on exposed upper reef slopes of 
the GBR and Vanuatu; uncommon elsewhere. Colonies are relatively finely branched in 
Vanuatu. They are pink on the GBR, usually grey in Vanuatu, cream or yellow in the 
Philippines, grey or brown in the Ryukyu Is. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Indonesia to Vanuatu and ? Pitcairn Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Flinders Reef. 
W Australia: Rowley Shoals, Ningaloo Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua 
New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


98 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Acropora tenella 
(Brook, 1892) 


Rare throughout the known Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Brook (1892), Veron and Hodgson (1989). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Macclesfield Bank, S China Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: South China Sea to Japan. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Acropora magnifica 
Nemenzo, 1971 


Uncommon, generally restricted to vertical substrates. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Nemenzo (1971), Veron and Hodgson (1989). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Acropora paniculata 
Verrill, 1902 


Generally rare or uncommon throughout the recorded Central Indo- Pacific 
distribution range. Sometimes common in Vanuatu, forming large, thick, plate-like colonies 
with polyps extended during the day. Has a similar range of variation in the Philippines, 
Japan and the GBR. Coralla from Cocos (Keeling) Atoll may be a separate species or a 


99 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


geographic subspecies with wide variation in the degree of branch fusion and a lack of the 
elongate radial corallites which characterise most eastern Australian coralla. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Probably Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Cocos (Keeling) Atoll to Fiji and ?Hawaii. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Torres Strait, N and 
Central GBR. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, Vietnam, 
Indonesia, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora hyacinthus 
(Dana, 1846) 


Common throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range except at 
Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, where it is rare. Occurs S to the Houtman Abrolhos Is. on the W 
Australian coast, where colonies are indistinguishable from those of the GBR, but are 
unusual in having polyps extended day and night. A record from Green Head is the 
southern- most W Australian mainland record for Acropora. Usually common on shallow 
upper reef slopes of the Ryukyu Is., especially the Yaeyama Is., and is the overwhelmingly 
dominant species of shallow-water coral communities of Tanegashima. Has a similar range 
of variation in Japan, the Philippines and the GBR, showing little taxonomically significant 
geographic variation except that, in Japan mainland locations, branchlets tend to be thick 
and radial corallites mostly immersed. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and Mascarene Arch. to Hawaii 
and Pitcairn Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe L, 
Solitary Is., N New South Wales. 


100 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., Pilbara 
coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is., SW 
coastal locations S to Green Head. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Cocos 
(Keeling) Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora tanegashimensis 
Veron, 1990 


Colonies are flat corymbose plates similar to those of A. hyacinthus. Branches are 
uniform in size, 9-11mm diameter and branchlets are short, terete, and also uniform. Has 
only been recorded form Tanegashima, where it is distinctive, but uncommon. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1990c, 1991a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Tanegashima, Japan. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Japan only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Tanegashima. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Acropora spicifera 
(Dana, 1846) 


Rare in the Philippines. The most abundant reef flat and upper slope species of the 
Houtman Abrolhos Is. where colonies >3 m diameter are common. These, like A. hyacinthus, 
have polyps extended day and night. 

TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Singapore and Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Singapore to W Australia and Samoa. 


101 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Acropora anthocercis 
(Brook, 1893) 


Rare in the Philippines, uncommon in Vanuatu, sometimes common on exposed 
upper reef slopes of the GBR and Ryukyu Is. Colonies at Tanegashima have almost solid 
plate-like bases. Otherwise, there is little taxonomically significant geographic variation and 
colonies are the same (pinkish) colour throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific 
distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Mozambique and ? Red Sea to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Elizabeth 
and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, 
Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, 

Vanuatu. 


Acropora tumida 
Verrill, 1866 


Common around Shirahama and Kushimoto of mainland Japan. Colonies have 
irregular to submassive bases and irregular, digitate branches. Radial corallites are aligned 
along branches, are appressed, with thick lips and wide calices. Recorded elsewhere only 
from the South China Sea (Brook, 1893) (a doubtful record) and Hong Kong (Verrill, 1866 
(type locality) and Veron 1980). 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1991a). 


102 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


TYPE LOCALITY: Hong Kong. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: South China Sea to Japan. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 

W Australia: not found. 

Philippines - Japan: Tosashimizu, Kushimoto, Shirahama. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Hong Kong. 


Acropora latistella 
(Brook, 1892) 


Rare at Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, common on upper reef slopes throughout the rest of 
the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. Forms extensive plates in W Australia 
only at the Houtman Abrolhos Is. The range of variation in the Ryukyu Is. is similar to that in 
the Philippines and Australia. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Cocos (Keeling) Atoll to Pitcairn Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, 
Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe L., Solitary Is. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., 
Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Amakusa Is. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, 

Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


103 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Acropora subulata 
(Dana, 1846) 


Rare at Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, common in tropical Australian reefs, Vanuatu and the 
Ryukyu Is., becoming uncommon at Tanegashima. Has very little variation within the 
recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Cocos (Keeling) Atoll to Pitcairn Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Flinders Reef. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef 
Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is., SW coastal locations S to Port Gregory. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, 

Malaysia, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora nana 
(Studer, 1878) 


Common in Vanuatu, uncommon on the GBR, rare in W Australia except for some 
NW Shelf reefs. Always restricted to exposed upper reef slopes. Has a similar range of 
variation throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. Commonly bright 
blue at the Ryukyu Is., brown, blue-grey or cream at Tanegashima. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Cocos-Keeling Is.to Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef Tract, 
Houtman Abrolhos Is. 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, Indonesia, Taiwan, 
Vanuatu. 


Acropora aculeus 
(Dana, 1846) 


Generally uncommon throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution 
range except for the GBR where it is common on upper reef slopes and in clear-water 
lagoons. Corallites of Ryukyu I. coralla are larger than usual for GBR coralla. Colonies on the 
GBR and the Philippines are usually yellow, those of coastal W Australian locations and the 
Houtman Abrolhos Is. are pale brown. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?E Africa and Sri Lanka to Marshall Is. and 
Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: Rowley Shoals, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef Tract, 
Houtman Abrolhos Is., SW coastal locations S to Port Gregory. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., ? Okinawa Is. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, 

Indonesia, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora azurea 
Veron and Wallace, 1984 


Very rare; recorded only on very exposed upper reef slopes of the central GBR, 
where it is always a uniform sky blue. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: GBR only. 


105 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Central GBR. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: ? Taiwan. 


Acropora cerealis 
(Dana, 1846) 


Common in tropical Australian locations and the Philippines, rare at the Houtman 
Abrolhos Is., uncommon in Japan. Shows no taxonomically significant geographic variation 


throughout the recorded Central Indo- Pacific distribution range. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Sulu Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Seychelles to the Marshall Is., Tonga and 
2Johnston Atoll. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, Ningaloo 
Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, 
Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora nasuta 
(Dana, 1846) 


Common, and with a similar range of variation, throughout the recorded Central 
Indo-Pacific distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Tahiti. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to Pitcairn Is. 


106 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 

Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, 

Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs. 

W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, Ningaloo 

Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, 

Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora sp. E Australia 3 


Recorded from a single corallum from the central GBR. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984) (as Acropora sp. 3). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: GBR only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Central GBR. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 


Acropora sp. E Australia 4 


Rare; recorded only from the S GBR where little is known on the range of variation. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984) (as Acropora sp. 4). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: GBR only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


107 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Acropora valida 
(Dana, 1846) 


Probably the most widespread of all Acropora species, especially common in high 
latitudes. Generally common on upper reef slopes throughout the recorded Central Indo- 
Pacific distribution range. May be a dominant Acropora of mainland Japan where it forms a 
distinct geographic subspecies primarily characterised by radial corallites with thick 
rounded lips. Ryukyu Is. coralla have a similar range of variation as GBR and Philippines 
coralla and the species has the same distinctive two colour morphs throughout this range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978) (as A. variabilis (Klunzinger, 1879), Veron and 
Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: — Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to Columbia. Probably the most 


widespread of any Acropora species. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, 
Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Solitary Is. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef Tract, 
Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Cocos 
(Keeling) Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora sp. Cocos (Keeling) Atoll 2 


Colonies are irregularly arborescent. Corallites are very irregular, some being valida- 
like and strongly oppressed. This species is little-known. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1990b). 


DISTRIBUTION: Cocos (Keeling) Atoll. 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Cocos (Keeling) Atoll only. 


108 


FAMILY ACROPORIDA E——————_ 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Acropora secale 
(Studer, 1878) 


Generally common in the GBR and Vanuatu, sometimes common on exposed upper 
reef slopes of the Ryukyu Is. Has a similar range of variation and similar colours throughout 
the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978) (as A. diversa (Brook, 1891)), Veron and 
Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Sri Lanka. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to the Marshall Is. 
and French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, 
Flinders Reef. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, 


Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora lutkent 
Crossland, 1952 


Uncommon in Vanuatu and on the GBR where it is restricted to upper reef slopes 


exposed to strong currents. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Thailand and the GBR to Pitcairn Is. 


109 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Torres Strait, N and Central 
GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Vietnam, N Papua 
New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora clathrata 
(Brook, 1891) 


Common on upper reef slopes, back reef margins and fringing reefs of Vanuatu and 
the GBR, uncommon in the Yaeyama Is., common in some other regions of the Ryukyu Is. 
Has a similar range of variation throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution 
range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Mauritius. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea, The Gulf and Madagascar to 
French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, 
Flinders Reef. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., 
Ningaloo Reef Tract 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, 
Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora divaricata 
(Dana, 1846) 


Common on the GBR, Vanuatu and NW Shelf reefs of W Australia. Records from W 
Australian coastal locations are tentative only. Has a very wide range of variation on the 
GBR. Uncommon in the Philippines and Ryukyu Is. where environment-correlated variation 
has not been studied. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 


110 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?E Africa and Seychelles to Vanuatu and ?Fiji. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, 
Flinders Reef. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, 
Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, 

Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora sp. Philippines 


A rare, undescribed species that has been reported from Thailand and the 
Philippines, but has not been found by the author. It is close to A. divaricata but has bulbous 
radial corallites. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron and Hodgson (1989) (as Acropora sp. 1). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand. 


Acropora schmittt 
Wells, 1950 


Not found by Veron (1990b) at Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, but was recorded there by 
Wells (1950). 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wells (1950). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Cocos (Keeling) Atoll. 


111 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Cocos (Keeling) Atoll to ?Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand. 


Acropora rambleri 
Bassett-Smith, 1890 


Uncommon or rare in Vanuatu and the Philippines. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Hodgson (1989). 
TYPE LOCALITY: South China Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Mozambique and the Philippines to 
?French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vanuatu. 


Acropora solitaryensis 
Veron and Wallace, 1984 


Common in Vanuatu and S of the GBR on the E Australian coast and at the 
Houtman Abrolhos Is. and Dampier Archipelago on the W coast. At both these W coast 
locations, colonies may consist of whorls of solid plates with almost no development of 
branchlets. Most colonies are indistinguishable from those of Lord Howe and the Solitary 
Islands of E Australia. At Vanuatu, colonies show less fusion of branches than at most 
tropical Australian reefs. Uncommon in the Ryukyu Is., where colonies are found on upper 
reef slopes, becoming common at Tanegashima and the Amakusa Is. These are very similar 
in colour, structure, variation and abundance to those of Australia. In all cases, this species 
shows a wide range of growth form variation; it is relatively rare in tropical locations and 
becomes abundant at higher latitudes. 


112 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Solitary Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: W Australia to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, 
N and Central GBR, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, 
N coastal New South Wales, Solitary Is. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Rowley Shoals, Kimberley coast, Dampier 
Arch., Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is., SW coastal locations 
S to Port Denison. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama, Izu. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Hong Kong, Vanuatu. 


Acropora stoddarti 
Pillai and Scheer, 1976 


Rare in the Philippines, often the dominant species of lower reef slopes of the 
Houtman Abrolhos Is., uncommon throughout the remainder of W Australia. The most 
common Acropora of many locations of Tanegashima but not recorded elsewhere in Japan. 
Radial corallites of Tanegashima coralla are smaller than those from other Indo-west Pacific 
countries. These form a distinct geographic subspecies, but may prove to be a separate 
species. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Pillai and Sheer (1976), Veron (1986a), Veron (1991a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Maldive Is. to W Australia. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Saudi Arabia to Japan. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: Scott Reef, Rowley Shoals, Dampier Arch., 
Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Tanegashima. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


113 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Acropora echinata 
(Dana, 1846) 


Common in some protected habitats of the Philippines and S Ryukyu Is. and in some 
lower reef slopes and lagoons of the GBR and Vanuatu. Colonies are greyish green in colour 
in the Ryukyus, cream with blue or purple branchlet tips in the GBR and Vanuatu, otherwise 
they show no taxonomically significant differences. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji and Sulu Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Maldive Is. to Marshall Is. and Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Indonesia, N Papua New 
Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora subglabra 
(Brook, 1891) 


Recorded in W Australia only from protected lagoons of NW Shelf reefs where it 
may be dominant in restricted areas. Very common in some protected shallow lagoons and 
deeper biotopes of the GBR, Vanuatu, the Philippines and S Ryukyu Is. Colonies from the 
GBR and Philippines frequently have distinct yellow tips to axial corallites; they are usually 
cream or pale brown in the Ryukyu Is. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Singapore. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Malaysia to Vanuatu and ?Fiji. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait and Central GBR. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs. 


114 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, 
N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora carduus 
(Dana, 1846) 


Sometimes common in protected biotopes of the GBR and Vanuatu, the Philippines 
and S Ryukyu Is. The range of colour and morphological variation is very similar throughout 
the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Malaysia to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, N Papua 
New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora insignis 
Nemenzo, 1967 


Uncommon in Japan. Environment-correlated variation has not been studied. 
Coralla have similar skeletal detail to Philippines coralla. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Nemenzo (1967). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 


S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 


115 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tosashimizu. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vanuatu. 


Acropora elegans 
Edwards and Haime, 1860 


Recorded in Japan from laboratory specimens only. Colonies are all flat interlocking 
branches with corallites on the upper side only. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Faustino (1927). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Philippines to Japan. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 

W Australia: not found. 

Philippines - Japan: ?Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Acropora cardinae 
Wells, 1986 


A species dredged from 55-130m beyond the outer reefs of the central GBR. Does not 
closely resemble any other species and nothing is known of its variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wells (1986). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Central GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: GBR only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: central GBR. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


116 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Acropora elseyi 
(Brook, 1892) 


Common in Vanuatu and on the GBR, recorded only from NW Shelf reefs of W 
Australia, generally uncommon to rare in the Ryukyu Is. Vanuatu colonies and some GBR 
colonies usually have white branch tips. Coralla show no taxonomically significant 
geographic variation throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Maldive Is. to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, Indonesia, N Papua New 
Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora longicyathus 
(Edwards and Haime, 1860) 


Recorded only from protected lagoons of NW Shelf reefs of W Australia. Common in 
Vanuatu, the GBR and the Ryukyu Is. Coralla show no taxonomically significant geographic 
variation throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Mozambique to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 


Bunker Reefs. 


117 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Ningaloo Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, N Papua 


New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora rosaria 
(Dana, 1846) 


Generally uncommon throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution 
range. Has not been sufficiently studied for detailed comparisons between regions. Colonies 
are pale brown or pinkish- cream in the Ryukyu Is., deep blue on the GBR and S Papua New 


Guinea. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?E Africa to Fiji. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea 
and N and Central GBR. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vanuatu. 


Acropora sp. E Australia 5 


Rare, known only from Australia. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984) (as Acropora sp. 5). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: GBR only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, N and Central GBR, 
Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


118 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Acropora loripes 
(Brook, 1892) 


Common on the GBR, in Vanuatu and the Philippines, but known on the W 
Australian coast from only two specimens which have relatively small corallites. In Japan, 
only colonies from the Ryukyu Is. are readily identified as this species. These are very similar 
to those of the Philippines and GBR except that only corymbose growth forms have been 
recorded. Coralla from Tanegashima and the Amakusa Is. are corymbose plates with highly 
fused bases and relatively small axial corallites and are only tentatively placed in this 
species. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978) (as A. squarrosa (Ehrenberg, 1834)), Veron and 
Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: 
?Mozambique and the Philippines to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, . 


N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora chesterfieldensis 
Veron and Wallace, 1984 


Common in the eastern Coral Sea and Vanuatu. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Chesterfield Reefs. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: E Australia to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea. 


119 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vanuatu. 


Acropora granulosa 


(Edwards and Haime, 1860) 


Common on lower reef slopes of the GBR and most tropical W Australian locations; 
rare at the Houtman Abrolhos Is. where it occurs only on lower reef slopes. Generally 
uncommon in the Philippines and Ryukyu Is., where plate-like colonies are similar to those 
of the GBR. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Bourbon Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red sea and Madagascar to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, 
N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora caroliniana 
Nemenzo, 1976 


Generally rare in Vanuatu and on the GBR; known only from the Rowley Shoals and 
Ashmore Reef of W Australia where it also is rare. Uncommon in the Philippines. 

Taxonomic note: The holotype of this species is more finely structured than has been 
observed in any colony in situ. Further study of intraspecific variation may indicate a name 
change is required. Acropora rayneri (Brook, 1893) from Fiji may be a senior synonym. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY:. Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: W Australia to ?Fiji. 


120 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, N and 
Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Rowley Shoals. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Indonesia, N Papua New Guinea, 
Vanuatu. 


Acropora willisae 
Veron and Wallace, 1984 


Uncommon in Vanuatu and on the GBR, but a dominant species of shallow reef flats 
of the Ningaloo Reefs and common at the Houtman Abrolhos Is. of W Australia. Uncommon 
in the Ryukyu Is. where colonies show no taxonomically significant differences from those of 
the GBR. Colonies are mostly brown or fawn in colour throughout the distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Singapore to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, 
N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Solitary Is. 
W Australia: Scott Reef, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tosashimizu. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Singapore, Vanuatu. 


Acropora florida 
(Dana, 1846) 


Generally common in Australia and Vanuatu, uncommon in the Philippines and 
Ryukyu Is. Colonies from NW Shelf reefs of W Australia are similar to those of the GBR in 
structure and colour, while those from coastal locations and the Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
become prostrate, with flattened branches tending to become plate-like. The latter are brown, 
fawn, or more commonly, bright green. They also tend to have relatively large corallites and 
represent a distinct geographic sub- species not observed elsewhere in the Central Indo- 
Pacific. Usually pale brown in the Yaeyama Is. and GBR and pinkish-brown or bright green 
in the Kerama Is. and tropical W Australia. Very large colonies such as are found on the GBR 


have not been found in Japan. 


121 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?7E Africa and Maldive Is. to Vanuatu and 


?Marshall Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, 

N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef. 

W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, Ningaloo 

Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 

Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, 

Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acropora mirabilis 
Quelch, 1886 


Uncommon; forms corymbose plates with tapering branchlets with small axial 
corallites. Radial corallites are similar to those of A. millepora, only much smaller and less 
exsert. Radial corallites have very well developed septa, including distinct directive septa 
and an abortive third cycle. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Quelch (1886), Veron (1991a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Banda Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Mauritius and Banda Sea to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 


W Australia: not found. 


Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Tanegashima, Tosashimizu. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vanuatu. 


122 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Acropora sarmentosa 
(Brook, 1892) 


Common on the GBR and in Vanuatu, uncommon in the Ryukyu Is. Colonies from 
the Ryukyu Is. are very similar to corymbose plate-like coralla from the Philippines and GBR. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wallace (1978), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: W Australia to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, 
Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, 
Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, N Papua New Guinea, 
Vanuatu. 


Acropora striata 
(Verrill, 1866) 


Uncommon in Japan except at Tanegashima where it forms monospecific stands 


many hundreds m2. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1991a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Ryukyu Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Japan only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 

W Australia: not found. 

Philippines - Japan: Okinawa Is., Amami Is., Tanegashima. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


123 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Acropora wallaceae 
Veron, 1990 


Uncommon; shows no taxonomically significant geographic variation throughout 


the recorded distribution range. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984) (as Acropora sp. 6); Veron (1990c). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Thailand to E Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: N and Central GBR. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand. 


Genus Astreopora 
de Blainville, 1830 


Astreopora myriophthalma is by far the most common Astreopora of the E and W 
Australian coast. 


Astreopora myriophthalma 
(Lamarck, 1816) 


Common throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. Colonies 
are generally massive except at the Houtman Abrolhos Is. where they are submassive or flat, 
with explanate borders. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Lamberts (1982), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E. Africa to Pitcairn Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn 
and Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef. 


124 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, Ningaloo 
Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Cocos (Keeling) 
Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Astreopora sp. E Australia 


Rare throughout the recorded distribution range. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron and Wallace (1984) (as Astreopora sp. 1). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Singapore to Pitcairn Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: N and Central GBR. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Singapore. 


Astreopora listeri 
Bernard, 1896 


Sometimes common in shallow lagoons of the GBR, rare in Japan where coralla are 
similar to those of the GBR. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Lamberts (1982), Bernard (1 896), Veron and Wallace (1984), 
Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Tonga. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
West to East Distribution: E. Africa to Marshall Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Torres Strait, N and Central 
GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, 
Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs. 


W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 


125 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Singapore, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, 


N Papua New Guinea. 


Astreopora gracilis 
Bernard, 1896 


Uncommon at Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, rare at Vanuatu, generally uncommon 
elsewhere in the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range and shows no 


taxonomically significant geographic variation. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Lamberts (1982), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Solomon Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Cocos (Keeling) Is. to Marshall Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef, Dampier Arch., Houtman 
Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Tosashimizu, 
Amami Is., Kushimoto. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, Malaysia, Taiwan, 

N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Astreopora explanata 
Veron, 1985 


Common at the Houtman Abrolhos Is., becoming less common in tropical W 
Australian locations. Common on protected upper reef slopes of Vanuatu where colonies are 
usually encrusting and do not form tiers as they commonly do in W Australia. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1985, 1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Houtman Abrolhos Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Gulf of Oman to Marshall Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait. 


126 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef Tract, 

Houtman Abrolhos Is. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Tanegashima. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Astreopora incrustans 
Bernard, 1896 


Second to A. myriophthalma in abundance in the Ryukyu Is. and is the most common 
Astreopora of Japan mainland locations. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Bernard (1896), Veron (1991a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Japan only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Kushimoto, Shirahama. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Astreopora moretonensis 
Veron and Wallace, 1984 


Rare in tropical, but common in temperate localities of E Australia. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Middleton Reef. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Thailand to E Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Capricorn and Bunker 
Reefs, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe I. 
W Australia: Not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand. 


127 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Astreopora cucullata 
Lamberts, 1980 


Rare throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Lamberts (1982), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Samoa and Marshall Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Malaysia and E Australia to Marshall Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Capricorn and Bunker 
Reefs, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Malaysia. 


Astreopora ocellata 
Bernard, 1896 


Rare throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Lamberts (1982), Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Reunion and W Australia to Marshall Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Elizabeth 
and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., Pilbara 
coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is. 


Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, Malaysia, N Papua New 


Guinea, S Papua New Guinea. 


128 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


Astreopora suggesta 
Wells, 1954 


Very rare in Japan; the present identification is tentative. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wells (1954), Lamberts (1982). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Marshall Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Mascarene Is. and Philippines to Marshall Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 


S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, not found. 
W Australia: not found. 


Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Taiwan, S Papua New Guinea. 


Astreopora sp. Papua New Guinea 


Rare; known only from S Papua New Guinea. Has small corallites similar to those of 
A. suggesta. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Kelley (1988). 


DISTRIBUTION: 


Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Papua New Guinea only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Astreopora macrostoma 
Veron and Wallace, 1984 


Rare throughout the recorded distribution range except at some stations at 
Tanegashima; coralla are very similar to those of the GBR. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Wallace (1984), Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Chesterfield Reefs. 


129 


FAMILY ACROPORIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Malaysia to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea. 

W Australia: not found. 

Philippines - Japan: Okinawa Is., Tanegashima. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Vanuatu. 


130 


7 
Famil 


Poritidae 
Gray, 1842 


No Goniopora or Alveopora have been recorded from Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, but both 
are recorded at Christmas I. (Indian Ocean), with 4 and 1 species respectively. 


Genus Porites 
Link, 1807 


Most Porites species from temperate locations form small colonies. Only P. lutea is 
known to form large colonies at the Houtman Abrolhos Islands. The presence of P. eridani 
and probably a second P. cylindrica- like species at Ashmore Reef, indicate an Indonesian 
influence not found elsewhere in Australia. 

This, more than any other major genus, is in need of extensive taxonomic revision. 
This is partly because rare massive species may be difficult or impossible to recognise in situ 
allowing them to remain undetected in the presence of abundant species. 


Porites solida 
(Forskal, 1775) 


Common on the GBR, uncommon at Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, probably rare in the 


Ryukyu Is. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1986a), Veron and Pichon (1982). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Red Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to Hawaii and 


French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs Elizabeth and 
Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: Scott Reef, Rowley Shoals, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef 
Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 


131 


FAMILY PORITIDAE 


Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Cocos 
(Keeling) Atoll, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Malaysia, Vanuatu. 


Porites lobata 
Dana, 1846 


Common throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range where 
colonies are large and massive, except at the Houtman Abrolhos Is. where they are small and 
flat. Probably the most common Porites of the Ryukyu Is. Distinguishing characters, notably 
corallite walls having three concentric rows of denticles, are uniform throughout the 


distribution range. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Mozambique to central America. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., Pilbara 
coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tosashimizu. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Thailand, Hong 

Kong, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


Porites murrayensis 
Vaughan, 1918 


Uncommon on the GBR, probably common in Japan. Distinguishing characters, 
notably small corallites with a conspicuous central fossa and usually four well-developed 
pali, are the same as in coralla from the Philippines and the GBR. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Vaughan (1918), Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


132 


FAMILY PORITIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?E Africa and Maldive and Nicobar Is. to 
Samoa and Marshall Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, 
Flinders Reef. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Thailand, 
Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan. 


Porites australiensis 
Vaughan, 1918 


Common on the GBR and in Vanuatu, probably uncommon in the Ryukyu Is. 
Ryukyu I. coralla have corallite structures similar to those of GBR except that in some, there 
is little tendency to have three pali on the septal triplet. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Vaughan (1919), Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?E Africa to Marshall Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, N and Central GBR, 
Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Cocos (Keeling) 
Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Porites lutea 
Edwards and Haime, 1860 


Very common on the GBR, probably common in Japan, but some coralla studied are 
attributed to this species with doubt. The only species of Porites known to form very large 
colonies at the Houtman Abrolhos Is. 


133 


FAMILY PORITIDAE 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea, The Gulf and E Africa to Pitcairn Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, 
Flinders Reef. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef 
Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tosashimizu. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Thailand, Hong 

Kong, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


Porites stephensoni 
Crossland, 1952 


Rare on the GBR, where it is found only on reef flats. Probably uncommon in Japan 
but little studied. Corallites of some coralla collected show no taxonomically significant 
differences from GBR coralla. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Crossland (1952), Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Saudi Arabia to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Central GBR. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, 
Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


134 


FAMILY PORITIDAE 


Porites somaliensis 
Gravier, 1910 


The most abundant massive Porites on some reef flats of Cocos (Keeling) Atoll. 
Colonies from shallow water usually have a knobbly growth form. Corallites are closest to P. 
stephensoni but the present species appears to be distinct from any Australian species. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron (1990b). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Somalia. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: E Africa to Cocos (Keeling) Atoll. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Cocos (Keeling) Atoll. 


Porites mayert 
Vaughan, 1918 


Seldom common on the GBR, where it is found primarily in protected shallow water. 
Recorded from Japan from a single corallum; this is indistinguishable from GBR coralla. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Vaughan (1918), Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Red Sea and ?E Africa to GBR. 
Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, N 
and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: NN Papua New Guinea, Malaysia, 
Vietnam, Indonesia. 


135 


FAMILY PORITIDAE 


Porites evermannti 
Vaughan, 1907 


Generally uncommon throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution 
range. Polyps throughout this range are usually extended during the day and are yellow- 


brown in colour. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Vaughan (1907, 1918), Veron and Marsh (1988) (as Porites sp. 1). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Hawaii. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Cocos (Keeling) Atoll to Hawaii. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, N and 
Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef, Dampier Arch., Houtman 
Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, S Papua New Guinea. 


Porites densa 
Vaughan, 1918 


Sometimes common on back reef margins of the GBR, abundance elsewhere is 
unrecorded. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Vaughan (1918), Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?E Africa to GBR. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia. 


136 


FAMILY PORITIDAE 


Porites myrmidonensts 
Veron, 1985 


A well-defined species common only on exposed upper slopes of the GBR. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1985, 1986a), Veron and Pichon (1982) (as Porites sp. 1). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: E Australia and Coral Sea. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Torres Strait, N and Central 
GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Porites okinawensis 
Veron, 1990 


Colonies are massive or encrusting. Corallites are superficial, unevenly distributed. 
Wall thicknesses between adjacent corallites vary from less the thickness of a septum, to over 
2mm. The Porites pattern of fusion is obscure in most corallites, due to a very high degree of 
fusion. Columellae are small or absent; highly fused radii link the septa to the corallite 
centre. Rare in the Ryukyu Is., common at Izu, mainland Japan. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1990c, 1991a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Okinawa L., Japan. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Japan to ?Palau. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Okinawa Is., Izu. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


137 


FAMILY PORITIDAE 


Porites cylindrica 
Dana, 1846 


The most common species of intertidal reef flats and some upper reef slopes of 
Cocos (Keeling) Atoll and forms extensive monospecific stands in a wide variety of 
environments of Vanuatu, the GBR and the Ryukyu Is. Has a similar range of variation 
throughout the recorded Central Indo- Pacific distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: E Africa to Marshall Is. and Tonga. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 

Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn 

and Bunker Reefs. 

W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, 

Ningaloo Reef Tract. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Tosashimizu. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, 

Hong Kong, N Papua New Guinea, Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


Porites nigrescens 
Dana, 1846 


Generally common, with a similar range of variation in a wide range of 
environments throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: E Africa to Fiji and Tonga. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn 
and Bunker Reefs. 


W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Ningaloo Reef Tract. 


138 


FAMILY PORITIDAE 


Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, N Papua New Guinea, 
Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


Porites sillimanianti 
Nemenzo, 1976 


Common in Vanuatu and the Ryukyu Is. where coralla show no differences from 
those of the Philippines. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Nemenzo (1976). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 

W Australia: not found. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Porites negrosensis 
Veron, 1990 


Rare in both the Philippines and the Ryukyu Is.; coralla show no taxonomically 
significant geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron (1990c, 1991a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines and Ryukyu Is. 
Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


139 


FAMILY PORITIDAE 


Porites latistella 
Quelch, 1886 


Uncommon in the Ryukyu Is. Coralla from Vanuatu, the Philippines and the Ryukyu 
Is. show no taxonomically significant geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Quelch (1886). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Tahiti. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 

W Australia: not found. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vanuatu. 


Porites attenuata 
Nemenzo, 1955 


Common in the Vanuatu and the Ryukyu Is., very common in the Philippines. 
Colonies show no taxonomically significant geographic variation throughout the recorded 
distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Nemenzo (1955), Veron and Hodgson (1989). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 


Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vanuatu. 


140 


FAMILY PORITIDAE 


Porites deformis 
Nemenzo, 1955 


Generally uncommon. Readily recognised in situ by having irregular, highly 
anastomosed branches. Corallites are shallow, giving the corallum a smooth appearance. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Nemenzo (1955), Veron and Hodgson (1989). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines to Vanuatu. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vanuatu. 


Porites cumulatus 
Nemenzo, 1955 


Probably rare; of doubtful taxonomic validity. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Nemenzo (1955). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Porites lichen 
Dana, 1846 


Generally common throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 
Has a similar range of variation and is usually yellow or mustard throughout this range, but 
may be other colours. 


141 


FAMILY PORITIDAE 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to Marshall Is. and French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe Is. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef Tract, 
Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Malaysia, Cocos 

(Keeling) Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


Porites annae 
Crossland, 1952 


Common on the GBR in protected shallow or turbid water, generally uncommon in 
Vanuatu and the Ryukyu Is. Has a similar range of variation throughout the recorded 
distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Crossland (1952), Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Malaysia to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, N 
and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Malaysia, 
Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


142 


FAMILY PORITIDAE 


Porites heronensis 
Veron, 1985 


Common in temperate east Australian locations, rare in the tropics. Similarly 
common in mainland Japan and uncommon in the Ryukyu Is. Septa are usually not as 
disarranged in coralla from Japan as are those from extra-tropical Australian locations; 
otherwise there is little difference. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: W to E Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe Is., Solitary Is. 
W Australia: Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Okinawa Is., Amami Is., Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, 
Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama, Izu, Tateyama. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: S Papua New Guinea. 


Porites vaughanti 
Crossland, 1952 


Sometimes common on the GBR, generally uncommon in Vanuatu and the Ryukyu 
Is. Coralla show no taxonomically significant geographic variation throughout the recorded 


distribution range. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Crossland (1952), Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Malaysia to Vanuatu and Cook Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Malaysia, 
Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Vanuatu. 


143 


FAMILY PORITIDAE 


Porites eridani 
Umbgrove, 1940 


Common in the Philippines, known in Australia only from Ashmore Reef. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Marsh (1988). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Indonesia and W Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Indonesia. 


Porites sp. W Australia 


Generally uncommon and little studied, restricted to coastal localities of W 
Australia. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron and Marsh (1988) (as Porites sp.3). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: W Australia only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Porites aranetai 
Nemenzo, 1955 


Common in some places at Dampier Archipelago, probably rare elsewhere. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Nemenzo (1955), Veron and Marsh (1988) (as Porites sp. 2). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


144 


FAMILY PORITIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Sri Lanka to Japan. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, 
Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Porites horizontalata 
Hoffmeister, 1925 


Generally uncommon in the Ryukyu Is. where it has a similar range of variation as 
in the Philippines. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Hoffmeister (1925). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Samoa. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Chagos to Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. . 

W Australia: not found. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vanuatu, N Papua New Guinea. 


Porites rus 
(Forskal, 1775) 


Generally common throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range 
and shows no taxonomically significant geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1982), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Red Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to Costa Rica. 


145 


FAMILY PORITIDA E———\—_ 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Archipelago. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, 
Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Porites sp. Cocos (Keeling) Atoll 


Forms plates and irregular branches and columns. Corallites are essentially similar 
to those of P. rus and P. latistella Quelch, but are smaller than both. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron (1990b). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Cocos (Keeling) Atoll only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Cocos (Keeling) Atoll. 


Porites sp. Papua New Guinea 1 
Recorded only from one Central Indo-Pacific locality and not studied. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron and Kelley (1989) (as P. californica). 


DISTRIBUTION: 


Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ? Papua New Guinea to far eastern Pacific. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: ?Philippines. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: S Papua New Guinea. 


146 


FAMILY PORITIDAE 


Porites sp. Papua New Guinea 2 
Recorded only from one Central Indo-Pacific locality and not studied. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron and Kelley (1988) (as Porites sp. 1). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Papua New Guinea only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: S Papua New Guinea. 


Genus Stylaraea 
Edwards and Haime, 1851 


Stylaraea punctata 
(Linnaeus, 1758) 


Very rare throughout most of the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Crossland (1952), Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fossil from Europe’. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: 
Red Sea and E Africa to Guam and E Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Central GBR. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


147 


FAMILY PORITIDAE 


Genus Gontopora 
de Blainville, 1830 


Most Goniopora species, especially those forming thick-branched or massive colonies, 
are clearly identified only when both living polyp and skeletal characters are known. Within 
a particular country or region, species are not particularly difficult to identify, either in situ or 
from collected coralla, but over a wider geographic range the taxonomic significance of 
colour and morphological variations can become difficult to determine with any certainty. 


Goniopora djiboutiensis 
Vaughan, 1907 


Common on the GBR, generally uncommon in Japan, rare in Vanuatu. Shows no 
taxonomically significant geographic variation throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific 
distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Somalia. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: E Africa to Vanuatu and ? Marshall Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Torres Strait, N and Central 
GBR, Flinders Reef, Solitary Is. 
W Australia: Scott Reef, Rowley Shoals, Dampier Arch., Houtman 
Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Amami Is., Tanegashima. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, N Papua New 
Guinea, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


Gontopora stokesi 
Edwards and Haime, 1851 


Rare or uncommon throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 
Shows little taxonomically significant geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


148 


FAMILY PORITIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to Vanuatu. 
Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Torres Strait, N and Central 
GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Dampier Arch., Houtman Abrolhos Is., SW 
coastal localities S to Port Gregory. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Tanegashima, 
Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, 
N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Goniopora lobata 
Edwards and Haime, 1860 


Generally common throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range 
and shows a similar range of variation from the GBR to the Ryukyu Is. Always difficult to 
identify with certainty in higher latitudes, where skeletal variations occur that are primarily 
correlated with non-reefal environments. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Red Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea, The Gulf and E Africa to Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Moreton Bay, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, 
Solitary Is., N coastal New South Wales. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., 
Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Tanegashima, 
Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama, Izu?, Tateyama? 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Thailand, 
Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


149 


FAMILY PORITIDAE 


Goniopora pendulus 
Veron, 1985 


Uncommon throughout the recorded distribution range. Colonies from Japan and W 
Australia have the same distinctive long, tapering, pale to dark brown tentacles. Coralla from 


both regions are very similar. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1985, 1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Houtman Abrolhos Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: W to E Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Central GBR 
(not previously recorded). 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., Houtman 
Abrolhos Is., SW coastal locations S to Cockburn Sound. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Tanegashima, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Goniopora columna 
Dana, 1864 


Common and has a similar range of variation throughout the recorded Central Indo- 
Pacific distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to Vanuatu and ?Fiji. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, 
Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., Izu, 
Tateyama. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: NN Papua New Guinea, Malaysia, 

Thailand, Hong Kong, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


150 


FAMILY PORITIDAE 


Goniopora somaliensis 
Vaughan, 1907 


Very common in Vanuatu where it forms extensive encrusting colonies up to 5 m 
diameter, usually pinkish or brown in colour, found mostly on lower reef slopes and in 
lagoons. Generally uncommon on the GBR and in the Ryukyu Is., becoming common at 
Tanegashima. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Somalia. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to Vanuatu and ?Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, N Papua 

New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Goniopora tenuidens 
(Quelch, 1886) 


Generally common in Vanuatu, the GBR and the Ryukyu Is. Shows no taxonomically 
significant geographic variation throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution 
range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Oman to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe I. 


151 


FAMILY PORITIDAE 


W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., Pilbara 
coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay, Houtman Abrolhos Is., SW coastal 
locations to Port Gregory. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand, 
N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Goniopora cellulosa 
Veron, 1990 


Possibly a high latitude endemic of Japan. Calices of some coralla, especially those 
from Tanegashima, show very great variation in depth as well as septal development, 
otherwise no geographic variation has been observed. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1990c, 1991a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Japan. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Japan only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 

W Australia: not found. 

Philippines - Japan: Amami Is., Tanegashima, Tosashimizu. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Goniopora burgosi 
Nemenzo, 1955 


Uncommon in the Ryukyu Is. Has not been studied in detail, but has the same 
appearance in situ in the Ryukyu Is. and Philippines. A single corallum from Thailand is 
relatively columnar in growth form. 

TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Nemenzo (1955), Veron and Hodgson (1989). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Japan. 


152 


FAMILY PORITIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 

W Australia: not found. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand. 


Gontopora minor 
Crossland, 1952 


Common, shows no taxonomically significant variation throughout the recorded 
distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Crossland (1952), Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Red Sea and South China Sea to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo 
Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Taiwan, 


N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Goniopora norfolkensis 
Veron and Pichon, 1982 


Uncommon throughout the recorded distribution range. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Hong Kong and Indonesia to Norfolk I. 


153 


FAMILY PORITIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Central GBR, Capricorn 


and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, Indonesia. 


Goniopora pandoraensis 
Veron and Pichon, 1982 


Rare in Vanuatu, generally uncommon on the GBR and in the Ryukyu Is. Has been 
observed with bleached branches in both the Ryukyu Is. and GBR. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Malaysia to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, 
Pompey and Swain Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Kimberley coast. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Vanuatu. 


Goniopora eclipsensis 
Veron and Pichon, 1982 


Uncommon and usually restricted to protected, turbid, fringing reefs of the GBR. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Malaysia to E Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Central GBR. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia. 


154 


FAMILY PORITIDAE 


Goniopora palmensis 
Veron and Pichon, 1982 


Common in some shallow reefs of the GBR and the Philippines. Shows little or no 
taxonomically significant geographic variation and little or no colour variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Malaysia to E Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, N 
and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Malaysia. 


Goniopora sp. W Australia 2 


The single specimen attributed to this species, from Ashmore Reef, may be an 
ecomorph of G. fruticosa Saville-Kent (1891), but has smaller corallites than coralla of this 
species from the GBR. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron and Marsh (1988) (as Goniopora sp. 2). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: W Australia only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


455 


FAMILY PORITIDAE 


Goniopora fruticosa 
Saville-Kent, 1891 


Uncommon on the GBR where it occurs primarily on protected upper reef slopes. 
Rare in Japan where coralla show wide variation in septal development, encrusting coralla 


having fine irregular septa. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Malaysia to E Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, N 
and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Thailand, Malaysia. 


Goniopora stutchburyi 
Wells, 1955 


Distinctive but generally uncommon throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific 
distribution range. Corallites of Vanuatu coralla are mostly smaller than those of GBR 
coralla, otherwise the species shows no taxonomically significant geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wells (1955), Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Moreton Bay (E Australia). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: S India to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Torres Strait, N and Central 
GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, 
Moreton Bay, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Cartier Reef, Rowley Shoals, Kimberley coast, 
Dampier Arch., Shark Bay, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Tosashimizu, Kushimoto, 
Shirahama. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Hong 

Kong, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


156 


FAMILY PORITIDAE 


Goniopora polyformis 
Zou, 1980 


Apparently endemic to the South China Sea, where is rare. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron (1991a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Xisha Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Xisha Is. to mainland Japan. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Amakusa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Goniopora sp. E Australia 1 


Rare. The distinct gonioporoid pattern of fusion is less obvious in Japanese coralla 
than in Australian coralla and thus there remains some doubt that the two are the same 
species. This species has not been studied in situ. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron and Pichon (1982) (as Goniopora sp. 1). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Japan to E Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: N and Central GBR. 
W Australia: not found. 


Philippines - Japan: Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Shirahama. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Goniopora sp. E Australia 2 


Rare and little studied. The taxonomic status of this species has not been confirmed. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron and Pichon (1982) (as Goniopora sp. 2). 


137 


FAMILY PORITIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: E Australia only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Torres Strait, 
N and Central GBR. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Goniopora sp. W Australia 1 
Rare and little studied. The taxonomic status of this species has not been confirmed. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron and Marsh (1988) (as Goniopora sp. 1). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: W Australia only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Gontiopora sp. W Australia 3 


This third W Australian unidentified Goniopora is a tentative grouping of specimens 
only. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron and Marsh (1988) (as Goniopora sp.). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: W Australia only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: Rowley Shoals, Dampier Archipelago. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


158 


FAMILY PORITIDAE 


Genus Alveopora 
de Blainville, 1830 


The species of Alveopora, more than any other scleractinian genus, show no 
consistent habitat preference. Several are restricted to protected or turbid biotopes, others are 
restricted to exposed upper reef slopes, while some occupy a wide range of biotopes. 

Probably more abundant, and develop larger colonies, at the Houtman Abrolhos 
Islands than on any other Australian reef. 


Alveopora catalai 
Wells, 1968 


Generally rare, but may form extensive stands throughout the recorded Central 
Indo-Pacific distribution range. Forms very extensive stands in two locations of the Yaeyama 
Is., but has not been found elsewhere in Japan. Has a similar range of variation and colour 
(creamy- yellow with white centres) throughout the recorded distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wells (1968), Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: New Caledonia. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Malaysia to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, N 
and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, N Papua 
New Guinea, New Caledonia, Vanuatu. 


Alveopora allingi 
Hoffmeister, 1925 


Uncommon on the GBR, sometimes common in some lagoonal areas of NW Shelf 
reefs and on lower reef slopes of the Houtman Abrolhos Is., W Australia, but generally 
uncommon, and shows no taxonomically significant geographic variation throughout the 
recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Samoa. 


159 


FAMILY PORITIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Torres Strait, N and Central 
GBR, Flinders Reef, Lord Howe Is. 
W Australia: Scott Reef, Rowley Shoals, Kimberley coast, Ningaloo Reef 
Tract, Shark Bay, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Hong 

Kong, N Papua New Guinea. 


Alveopora gigas 
Veron, 1985 


A very distinctive species with an anomalous distribution. Common on lower reef 
slopes of the Houtman Abrolhos Is., not recorded elsewhere in W Australia. Recorded 
elsewhere only from the fringing reefs of the Daintree coast of the GBR where living colonies 
are identical in colour and appearance to those of the Houtman Abrolhos Is. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1985, 1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Houtman Abrolhos Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: W to E Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Central GBR. 
W Australia: Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Alveopora marionensis 
Veron and Pichon, 1982 


Common on Marion Reef, rare or uncommon elsewhere. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron (1986a). 


160 


FAMILY PORITIDAE 


TYPE LOCALITY: Coral Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, N GBR, Flinders Reef. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, Vanuatu, N Papua New Guinea. 


Alveopora fenestrata 
(Lamarck, 1816) 


Uncommon in most Australian locations except at the Houtman Abrolhos Is. where 
it is frequently found on lower reef slopes. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: “Southern Ocean”. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: E Africa to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, N and Central GBR, 
Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Rowley Shoals, Kimberley coast, Dampier 
Arch., Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is., coastal locations S to 
Rottnest I. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Indonesia, Malaysia, Vanuatu, Taiwan, 


N Papua New Guinea. 


Alveopora verrilliana 
Dana, 1872 


Generally uncommon throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution 
range, except at the Houtman Abrolhos Is. of W Australia. Colonies are typically composed 
of a complex of nodular branches. Skeletal characters of Japanese coralla are very similar to 
those of GBR and Philippine coralla, with corallites having well developed septal spines and 
a palisade of trabecular rods on the walls. These rods are poorly developed in Houtman 
Abrolhos I. coralla, which consequently appear to be a distinct geographic subspecies. 


161 


FAMILY PORITIDAE 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Hawaii. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to Hawaii and French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Central GBR, Elizabeth and 


Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman 
Abrolhos Is. 


Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu, 
N Papua New Guinea. 


Alveopora spongiosa 
Dana, 1846 


Common in Australia, but not Japan or Vanuatu. Found in a wide range of 
environments, including moderately exposed ones. Shows no taxonomically significant 
geographic variation throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 
Usually chocolate brown, but often green in the Ryukyu Is. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to Vanuatu and ?French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe Is. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay, Houtman 
Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Amakusa Is., Shirahama. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Thailand, 

Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


162 


FAMILY PORITIDAE 


Alveopora japonica 
Eguchi, 1968 


Restricted to shallow water of high latitude locations where it occupies habitats 
where other corals are seldom found. Usually rare, but relatively common in restricted 
locations. Appears to be endemic to Japan and Korea (Song, 1982). 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Eguchi (1968), Veron (1991a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Japan. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Korea to mainland Japan. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, 
Shirahama, Izu, Tateyama. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Korea. 


Alveopora excelsa 
Verrill, 1863 


Japanese coralla are similar to those of the Philippines and are usually grey or brown 


in both countries. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1991a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Singapore. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Malaysia to Japan. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Kushimoto, Shirahama. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia. 


163 


FAMILY PORITIDAE 


Alveopora tizardi 
Bassett-Smith, 1890 


An ill-defined species with few conservative skeletal characters. Probably rare 
throughout the recorded distribution range. Japanese colonies are similar to colonies from 


the Philippines and are pale brown to pinkish brown in colour. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: South China Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Saudi Arabia to ?South China Sea to 


Pitcairn Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Central GBR, Pompey and Swain 
Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: Rowley Shoals, Shark Bay, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Indonesia, Vanuatu, N Papua New Guinea. 


8 
Family 
Siderastreidae 
Vaughan and Wells, 1943 


The genera of this family have generally ill-defined relationships. Only two genera, 
Psammocora and Coscinaraea, are widespread and common in the Central Indo-Pacific. 
Anomastrea irregularis von Marenzeller, 1901 has been recorded from Malaysia. 


Genus Pseudosiderastrea 
Yabe and Sugiyama, 1935 


Has only one species, P. tayamai. 


Pseudosiderastrea tayamat 
Yabe and Sugiyama, 1935 


Found only on rock substrates in shallow water where other corals are seldom 
found. Is one of the few species which displays almost no environment-correlated or 


taxonomically significant geographic variation. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Arafura Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Kuwait to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, N 
and Central GBR. 
W Australia: Kimberley coast, Lacepede I, Broome, Dampier Arch. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, 


N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


165 


FAMILY SIDERASTREIDAE 


Genus Siderastrea 
de Blainville, 1830 


Recorded in the Central Indo-Pacific from a single specimen only from the 


Philippines. 


Siderastrea savignyana 
Edwards and Haime, 1850 


Rare, recorded in the Central Indo-Pacific only from the Philippines. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Vaughan (1907), Veron and Hodgson (1989). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Red Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to Philippines and Palau. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Genus Psammocora 
Dana, 1846 


In general, the species of Psammocora are distinct. They may show substantial 
environment-correlated variation, the same variation being repeated in most geographic 
regions. Except for some colonies of P. nierstraszi, coralla from W and E Australia are 
indistinguishable. 

Psammocora stellata Verrill, 1866 has been recorded in both the E and W Pacific by 
Durham (1966). It has not been studied by the present author. 

Taxonomic note: This genus was placed in Family Thamnasteriidae Vaughan and 
Wells, 1943 by Veron and Pichon (1976) and all previous authors. 


Psammocora contigua 
(Esper, 1797) 


Common in restricted shallow-water habitats in most Central Indo- Pacific countries 
but only one colony, a corallith, has been recorded from the Houtman Abrolhos Is. May be a 


166 


FAMILY SIDERASTREIDAE 


dominant species in some sub- tidal biotopes, especially of the Ryukyu Is., where colonies 
have a primarily nodular form. In deeper water, colonies have flattened branches. Frequently 
forms coralliths with short, tightly compacted branches. Corallite structure also varies 
greatly with environment. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1976), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea, The Gulf and E Africa to French 
Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Flinders 
Reef, Moreton Bay, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe I. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo 
Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Hong Kong, 

Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Psammocora nierstraszi 
van der Horst, 1921 


Usually uncommon throughout the recorded distribution range; rare on the W 
Australian coast, except at Ashmore Reef. Colonies have a wide range of valley shapes, from 
short to sinuous, but show no taxonomically significant geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1976), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and Aldabra to Marshall Is. and 


French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: N GBR, Elizabeth and 

Middleton Reefs. 

W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Dampier Arch. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Tanegashima. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia. 


167 


FAMILY SIDERASTREIDAE 


Psammocora superficialis 
Gardiner, 1898 


Uncommon at Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, generally common throughout the remaining 
recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. Usually a uniform grey or brownish colour, 
dark green in the Ryukyu Is., but may be other colours including brick red. Calices of coralla 
from mainland Japan are relatively large with distinct septa and this is observable in situ. 
Coralla from the Ryukyu Is. have a similar range of variation to those from the Philippines. 
Most variation in tropical locations is environment-correlated rather than geographic. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1976), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Marshall Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: The Gulf and E Africa to Galapagos Is. and 


Costa Rica. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, 
N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Elizabeth and Middleton 
Reefs, N coastal New South Wales, Solitary Is. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark 
Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama, Izu, 
Tateyama. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, Vietnam, 

Indonesia, Hong Kong, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Psammocora explanulata 
van der Horst, 1922 


Always rare or uncommon. Forms thin plates or is encrusting, especially in biotopes 
where light availability is low. Shows wide environment-correlated variation but little 
taxonomically significant geographic variation. 

TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1976), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Amirante and Providence Is. 
DISTRIBUTION: 


Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Mozambique and Red Sea to Marshall Is. 
and French Polynesia. 


168 


FAMILY SIDERASTREIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Torres Strait, N and Central GBR. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo 
Reefs, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Indonesia. 


Psammocora digitata 
Edwards and Haime, 1851 


More common in W than E Australia, except at the Houtman Abrolhos Is., where it 
is rare. Recorded at Cocos (Keeling) Atoll by Wells (1950), but not found there by Veron 
(1990b). Forms distinctive colonies in most shallow-water reefal biotopes, with short thick 
columnar or plate-like branches. Colonies may be stunted in various ways in turbid biotopes, 
but generally shows no taxonomically significant geographic variation throughout the 
recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1976), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: China Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Seychelles Is. and Cocos (Keeling) Atoll to 
Fiji and French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, N 
and Central GBR, Flinders Reef. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo 
Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Cocos 
(Keeling) Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Psammocora haimeana 
Edwards and Haime, 1851 


Uncommon or rare throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1976), Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Seychelles Is. 


169 


FAMILY SIDERASTREIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to Marshall Is., 


French Polynesia and ?Pitcairn Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: N and Central GBR. Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Solitary Is. 
W Australia: Scott Reef, Rowley Shoals, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef 
Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, 


Vietnam, Indonesia, Vanuatu, N Papua New Guinea. 


Psammocora profundacella 
Gardiner, 1898 


Generally uncommon in the Central Indo-Pacific except in the Ryukyu Is. and Cocos 
(Keeling) Atoll where it is common. Usually grey or creamy-yellow, but sometimes pink or 
blue in the Ryukyu Is., commonly pink at Tanegashima, mostly dark brown or green with 
distinct calices in Japan mainland locations, green or pale pink at Cocos (Keeling) Atoll. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1976), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Marshall Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Saudi Arabia and South Africa to Pitcairn Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, N 
and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef 
Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama, Izu, 
Tateyama. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Cocos (Keeling) 

Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


170 


FAMILY SIDERASTREIDAE 


Psammocora vaughani 
Yabe and Sugiyama, 1936 


Common at Ishigaki I., Yaeyama Is.; probably uncommon or rare elsewhere, but has 
not been studied in detail. The species is retained in the genus Psammocora primarily because 
the corallites are the same size as other species of the genus; other skeletal characters, 


however, are Coscinaraea-like. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Vaughan (1918); Yabe et al. (1936). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Ogasawara Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Japan to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 


Philippines - Japan: Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vanuatu. 


Psammocora sp. W Australia 1 
Recorded from three specimens, all from the Ningaloo Reef Tract. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron and Marsh (1988) (as Psammocora sp. 1). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: W Australia only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: Ningaloo Reef Tract. 


Philippines - Japan: not found. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Psammocora sp. W Australia 2 
Rare in Vanuatu, recorded only from a single specimen from Ashmore Reef. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron and Marsh (1988) (as Psammocora sp. 2). 


171 


FAMILY SIDERASTREIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: W Australia to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vanuatu. 


Psammocora sp. Philippines 
Rare at Vanuatu and the Philippines. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron and Hodgson (1989) (as Psammocora sp.). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vanuatu. 


Genus Coscinaraea 
Edwards and Haime, 1848 


Only two species are common and widely distributed. Two are restricted to extra- 


tropical southern Australia, the remainder are uncommon, with tropical distributions. Has 


not been recorded from Cocos (Keeling) Atoll or Christmas I. (Indian Ocean). 


Coscinaraea exesa 
(Dana, 1846) 


Common in tropical Australian reefs and Vanuatu, rare in Japan and at the Houtman 
Abrolhos Is. Shows no taxonomically significant geographic variation throughout the 


recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


172 


FAMILY SIDERASTREIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Indonesia to Fiji. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: Rowley Shoals, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef Tract, 
Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Okinawa Is. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, Indonesia, N Papua New 


Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Coscinaraea columna 
(Dana, 1846) 


Usually uncommon throughout the recorded distribution range but may be common 
in some locations, especially in the GBR. Rare at the Houtman Abrolhos Is. Forms plate-like 
colonies up to 3 m diameter at Kushimoto. Shows no taxonomically significant geographic 
variation throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: The Gulf, E Africa and Red Sea to Pitcairn Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Moreton Bay, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, 
Lord Howe I., Solitary Is. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., 
Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is., SW coastal 
locations S to Jurien Bay. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama, Izu. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong 
Kong, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


173 


FAMILY SIDERASTREIDAE 


Coscinaraea mcneilli 
Wells, 1962 


One of the two Coscinaraea to be restricted to the extra-tropical southern Australian 
coast. Usually uncommon. Occurs with C. marshae in SW Australia. Shows no geographic 
and little environment- correlated variation except in the size of colonies. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wells (1962), Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Sydney. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: W to E Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S coastal New South Wales. 
W Australia: SW coastal locations from Jurien Bay in the north, S to 
Geographe Bay, then E to Research Arch. on the S coast. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Coscinaraea marshae 
Wells, 1962 


One of the two Coscinaraea to be restricted to the extra-tropical southern Australian 
coast. The distribution range is unlike any other coral except Symphyllia wilsoni and overlaps 
with that of C. mcneilli which has a similar general appearance. Usually uncommon except in 
some very restricted biotopes. Shows no geographic and little environment-correlated 
variation except in the size of the colonies. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wells (1962), Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: SW Australia. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: SW Australia only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: Houtman Abrolhos Is., SW coastal locations from Rottnest I. 
in the north, S to Geographe Bay, then E to Researche Arch. on the S coast. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


174 


FAMILY SIDERASTREIDAE 


Coscinaraea wellsi 
Veron and Pichon, 1980 


Uncommon and cryptic in all Central Indo-Pacific locations. Colonies are best 
developed on vertical or overhung rock faces where light availability is restricted. Relatively 
common at Lord Howe I. Coralla show no taxonomically significant geographic variation 
throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Marshall Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Madagascar to E Australia and ?Marshall Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord 
Howe I. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Okinawa Is., Tosashimizu. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, N Papua 

New Guinea, S Papua New Guinea. 


Coscinaraea monile 
(Forskal, 1775) 


Rare or uncommon throughout the Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Crossland (1941). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Red Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Kuwait and Red Sea to Japan. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 


W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Okinawa Is., Tanegashima, Tosashimizu. 


Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia. 


175 


FAMILY SIDERASTREIDAE 


Coscinaraea hahazimaensis 
Yabe and Sugiyama, 1936 


Uncommon, recorded by the author from single specimens from each of the 


localities below. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Yabe and Sugiyama (1936). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Japan. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Japan only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 

W Australia: not found. 

Philippines - Japan: Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Kushimoto, Izu. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Coscinaraea crassa 
Veron and Pichon, 1980 


Rare throughout recorded distribution range. Japanese colonies may form large, flat 
plates; coralla show no taxonomically significant differences from those of the GBR. 
Nothing is recorded of environment-correlated variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Papua New Guinea. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Okinawa Is., Amami Is., Tanegashima, 
Shirahama. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea. 


176 


9 
Family 
Agaricudae 
Gray, 1847 


Contains six Indo-Pacific genera as well as Agaricia of the West Indies. The 
distinction between Pavona and Leptoseris is uncertain in some species. 

Helioseris was considered a valid Caribbean genus of Agariciidae by Wells (1973) and 
synonymised with Leptoseris by Dinesen (1980). 


Genus Pavona 
Lamarck, 1801 


Most species of Pavona are well-defined, although the genus is not clearly delineated 
from Leptoseris. Species are readily divided into ‘leafy’ and ‘non-leafy’ groupings, the former, 
with the greater number of nominal species, being poorly represented in Australia. There is 
very little difference, in structure, colour or abundance, between the Pavona of the E and W 
Australian coasts. Undescribed massive species are figured by Veron (1991a). 


Pavona cactus 
(Forskal, 1775) 


Generally common throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range 
but uncommon in Vanuatu and restricted to small areas at Cocos (Keeling) Atoll (where it 
was formerly widespread). Restricted to NW Shelf reefs of W Australia where it is very 
common. Has a wide range of growth forms, a major part of which occurs in most biotopes 
where the species is common. Shows no taxonomically significant geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Red Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to Marshall Is. and French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 


S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, N 
and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 


We 


FAMILY AGARICIIDAE 


W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Cocos 
(Keeling) Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Pavona decussata 
(Dana, 1846) 


Common on the GBR and the Philippines, uncommon in Vanuatu and much of the 
Ryukyu Is., rare at the Houtman Abrolhos Is. and Cocos (Keeling) Atoll. Colonies may be 
submassive if exposed to strong wave action and/or sand abrasion, but form thick, 
interconnecting, bifacial, upright fronds in most reefal biotopes. All colonies from Ashmore 
Reef (NW Australia) were from a single lagoonal biotope and had more highly divided 
fronds than observed elsewhere. Otherwise the wide range of environment-correlated 
growth forms is repeated in each geographic region. Yellowish-brown in colour at the 
Ryukyu Is. and Tanegashima, chocolate brown, sometimes with green tentacles at Japan 
mainland locations. Tentacles are normally extended during the day at mainland locations, 
but not in the Ryukyu Is. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea, The Gulf and E Africa to Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, S New South Wales. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., Pilbara 
coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Hong Kong, 

Malaysia, Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


178 


FAMILY AGARICIIDAE 


Pavona explanulata 
(Lamarck, 1816) 


Seldom common except at some Ryukyu I. locations and Tanegashima. Colonies are 
encrusting, or are thin unifacial laminae, but are sometimes submassive or columnar. This 
very wide variation in growth-form, with similar variation in calice structure, is clearly 
primarily environment- correlated and is repeated throughout the recorded distribution 
range. Further variation occurs in coralla from isolated locations eg. those from Tanegashima 
have recognisably smaller corallites than those from the Ryukyu Is. from similarly exposed 
biotopes. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea, The Gulf and E Africa to French 
Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe L., 
Solitary Is. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark 
Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Izu. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Cocos 

(Keeling) Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Pavona danai 
Edwards and Haime, 1860 


Uncommon throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. Has 
not been studied in situ, but coralla from Japan and the Philippines have a similar range of 
variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1991a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia 


179 


FAMILY AGARICIIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Japan. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

?, S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 

W Australia: not found. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam. 


Pavona frondifera 
(Lamarck, 1816) 


Common in the Philippines, generally uncommon at the Ryukyu Is., becoming 
common at Tanegashima. Restricted to one biotope at Cocos (Keeling) Atoll. Has a similar, 
wide, range of variation in Japan and the Philippines. In protected biotopes, colonies consist 
of small, tightly anastomosing plates; more stunted colonies occur in exposed environments. 
There appears to be little taxonomically significant geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1991a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: ‘southern seas’. 


DISTRIBUTION: 


Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: E Africa to Panama. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima. 


Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Singapore, Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, 
Malaysia, Vietnam, Taiwan. 


Pavona clavus 
(Dana, 1846) 


Common on the GBR on some shallow upper reef slopes exposed to currents and, 
rarely, may be a dominant species. Common on NW Shelf reefs but not observed elsewhere in 
W Australia. Submassive colonies at Ashmore Reef may be a different species not recorded 
elsewhere on the west coast. Uncommon to rare in Vanuatu and the Ryukyu Is., but may 
forms large colonies. Colonies are most commonly columnar, but may consist of thin laminar 
plates, or be submassive. This great range of growth form, together with corresponding 
corallite variation, is repeated in all geographic regions where it has been studied. 


180 


FAMILY AGARICIIDAE 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to central America. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Torres Strait, N and Central 
GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, 
Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu, N Papua New Guinea. 


Pavona minuta 
Wells, 1954 


Uncommon or rare in all regions where studied except at Cocos (Keeling) Atoll 
where it is common on most exposed reefs. Growth form varies greatly, primarily according 
to how entire, or how divided, colonies grow. This appears to be unrelated to environment. 
Australian colonies are usually composed of parallel lobes or ridges, while Japanese colonies 
are more columnar (as illustrated, Veron, 1986) and are seldom large. There is also minor 
variation in corallite structure. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wells (1954), Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Marshall Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?E Africa and Gulf of Oman to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe I. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark 
Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Amakusa Is. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Cocos (Keeling) 

Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


181 


FAMILY AGARICIIDAE 


Pavona bipartita 
Nemenzo, 1980 


Uncommon in the Philippines, rare in the Ryukyu Is. Usually restricted to the same 
biotopes as P. minuta, which it closely resembles. Has not been studied in detail in situ. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Hodgson (1989). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Papua New Guinea. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Pavona sp. Philippines 


Known only from a single specimen which is encrusting, with fine corallites 
separated by meandering ridges. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron and Hodgson (1989) (as Pavona sp. 2), figured, Veron 
(1990c). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


182 


FAMILY AGARICIIDAE 


Pavona xarifae 
Sheer and Pillai, 1974 


Common at Ashmore Reef but not recorded elsewhere from Australia. Forms 
extensive colonies at Tana I., Vanuatu. 


Taxonomic note: This species has been incorrectly called Pavona diminuta Veron, 
1990, which is a junior synonym of P. xarifae. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Scheer and Pillai (1974), Veron (1990c, 1991a) (as P. diminuta). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Nicobar Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Nicobar Is. to the Cook Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Vanuatu. 


Pavona sp. Cocos (Keeling) Atoll 


Colonies are flat unifacial plates. Corallites are very small, similar to those of P. 
bipartita Nemenzo, but with smaller calice centres and tendency to become sub-plocoid. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1990b, 1990c). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Cocos (Keeling) Atoll only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


183 


FAMILY AGARICIIDAE 


Pavona sp. Vanuatu 
A rare species known only from Vanuatu. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1989), Veron (1990b) (as Pavona sp. 2). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Vanuatu only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vanuatu. 


Pavona varians 
Verrill, 1864 


Probably the most common Pavona in most Central Indo-Pacific regions, although it 
is often cryptic. Flat, encrusting to plate-like colonies frequently exceed 2 m diameter in 
protected biotopes, including those of high latitude locations. Environment- correlated 
variation in corallite structure is very great and sometimes this variation is seen in single 
large colonies which occupy more than one micro-environment. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Hawaii. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to central America. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe I., 
Solitary Is. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef Tract, 
Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tateyama. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Cocos 

(Keeling) Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


184 


FAMILY AGARICIIDAE 


Pavona venosa 
(Ehrenberg, 1834) 


Occurs in a wide range of habitats but is uncommon throughout the recorded 
Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Red Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to Marshall Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Solitary Is. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Ningaloo Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Cocos (Keeling) 
Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Pavona maldivensis 
(Gardiner, 1905) 


Usually rare or uncommon throughout the recorded Central Indo- Pacific 
distribution range. Has both columnar and explanate growth forms, in exposed and 
protected biotopes respectively. Colonies from intermediate biotopes may have both growth 
forms. Explanate growth forms are much more common in Japan than observed elsewhere. 
Corallite structures vary greatly, according to growth form, but there is little discernible 
taxonomically significant geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Maldive Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to Pitcairn Is. and Panama. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe I. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 


185 


FAMILY AGARICIIDA E ——————__ 


Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Okinawa Is., Amami Is., Tanegashima. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, 
Malaysia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


Genus Leptoseris 
Edwards and Haime, 1849 


Although most species of Leptoseris clearly belong to the one genus, L. mycetoseroides 
and L. yabei both have some characters more usually associated with Pavona species. 

Like Pavona, there are few differences between E and W Australian Leptoseris except 
that L. papyracea occurs in shallow lagoonal water at Scott Reef, whereas on the GBR it is 
restricted to lower reef slopes and inter-reefal areas. 

Most species are well defined and readily identifiable throughout their geographic 
ranges. Leptoseris is unusually uncommon in Vanuatu. 


Leptoseris papyracea 
(Dana, 1846) 


The full geographic range indicated below requires further study. A probable 
synonym, L. panamensis Durham and Barnard (1952), has been recorded in the far eastern 
Pacific. Within the recorded Central Indo- Pacific distribution range this is a well-defined 
species, although it has a wide range of environment-correlated variation. It is usually 
restricted to deep biotopes where light availability is much reduced. At Vanuatu and 
Ashmore Reef (the latter only W Australian locality where it has been recorded), it occurs in 
shallow water exposed to full sunlight. Forms an extensive carpet in a single protected 
locality at Cocos (Keeling) Atoll. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Dinesen (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Sulu Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Madagascar and Amirante Is. to central America. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Central GBR. 
W Australia: Scott Reef. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, Vietnam, 
Indonesia, Malaysia, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


186 


FAMILY AGARICIIDAE 


Leptoseris amitoriensis 
Veron, 1990 


Colonies form extensive stands in situ in Amitori Bay, Iriomote I., Yaeyama Is., but 
the species has not been recorded elsewhere. Is very conspicuous, yet has only been found in 
deep water at Amitori Bay. It is likely to be restricted to deep water elsewhere. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1990c, 1991a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Iriomote I., Japan. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Ryukyu Is. only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Yaeyama Is. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Leptoseris gardineri 
van der Horst, 1921 


Uncommon or rare in all locations where studied, but may form extensive 
monospecific stands in deep or turbid water. Probably has relatively minor environment- 
correlated variability and shows no taxonomically significant geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Dinesen (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Maldive Is. and Malaysia to Marshall Is. 


and Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, N 
and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, 


N Papua New Guinea, S Papua New Guinea. 


187 


FAMILY AGARICIIDA E ————— 


Leptoseris explanata 
Yabe and Sugiyama, 1941 


Generally uncommon or rare throughout the recorded Central Indo- Pacific 
distribution range. In deep or turbid water, colonies have relatively shallow, widely spaced 
corallites, otherwise there is little taxonomically significant variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Dinesen (1980) (as L. glabra), Veron 
(1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Palau. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Elizabeth 
and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Cocos (Keeling) 
Atoll, Malaysia, Vietnam, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Leptoseris scabra 
Vaughan, 1907 


Occasionally common on walls or under overhangs but generally rare throughout 
the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. Calice structure, especially the 
appearance of the septo-costae, varies greatly according to the size of colonies and degree of 
exposure to light. No taxonomically significant geographic variation has been observed. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Dinesen (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Hawaii. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and Mauritius to Hawaii and 
French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe I. 


188 


FAMILY AGARICIIDAE 


W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tosashimizu. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Taiwan, 
N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Leptoseris solida 
(Quelch, 1886) 


Rare throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. Coralla from 
Japan are similar to those of Western Australia, but this remains a poorly recorded species; 
not studied in situ. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Dinesen (1980). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Tahiti. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Kuwait and Madagascar to Pitcairn Is. 
and ?Easter I. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea. 

W Australia: not found. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Tanegashima. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Leptoseris hawatiensis 
Vaughan, 1907 


Less common than L. scabra in most regions where studied, but has a similar, wide, 
distribution range. Also has similar environment-correlated variability without noted 
taxonomically significant geographic variation. 

TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Dinesen (1980), Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Hawaii. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and Mascarene Arch. to central America. 


189 


FAMILY AGARICIIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Lord Howe I., Solitary Is. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, 

Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, S Papua New Guinea. 


Leptoseris mycetoseroides 
Wells, 1954 


One of the more common Leptoseris except at Vanuatu, where it is rare, and one of 
the most variable. Occurs in a wide range of habitats including exposed upper reef slopes, 
under overhangs and in deep water. Environment-correlated variability is correspondingly 
great, and masks possible taxonomically significant geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wells (1954), Veron and Pichon (1980), Dinesen (1980), Veron 
(1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Marshall Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to Marshall Is. and 
Pitcairn Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, 
Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama, Izu, 
Tateyama. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, Vietnam, 

Indonesia, Hong Kong, Malaysia, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


190 


FAMILY AGARICIIDAE 


Leptoseris yabet 
(Pillai and Scheer, 1976) 


A distinctive species, sometimes common on tropical reefs. Uncommon in the 
northern Ryukyu Is. Rare in high latitudes including the Houtman Abrolhos Is. and 
Tanegashima; also rare at Vanuatu. Coralla from the Ryukyu Is. may be very similar to those 
from the GBR, but some have less well-defined radiating ridges which are generally 
characteristic of the species. Coralla from Tanegashima are relatively finely structured. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Pillai and Scheer (1976), Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron 
(1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Maldive Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Red Sea and Maldive Is. to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua 

New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Leptoseris foliosa 
Dinesen, 1980 


Uncommon throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range; found 
only on sheltered vertical or overhung walls. Environment- correlated variation is less than 
in most other Leptoseris species and no taxonomically significant geographic variation has 
been determined. 


Taxonomic note: Craterastrea levis Head, is a junior synonym of Leptoseris foliosa. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980) (as L. tenuis), Dinesen (1980), Veron 
(1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


191 


FAMILY AGARICIIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and Amirante and Providence Is. 


to Galapagos. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman 
Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Vietnam, N Papua New 
Guinea, S Papua New Guinea. 


Leptoseris incrustans 
(Quelch, 1886) 


Uncommon or rare throughout the recorded distribution range. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Dinesen (1980). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Tahiti. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Mozambique to French Polynesia and 
?Pitcairn Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, not found. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef, Seringapatam Atoll. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


192 


FAMILY AGARICIIDAE 


Genus Gardineroseris 
Scheer and Pillai, 1974 


Gardineroseris planulata 
(Dana, 1846) 


Generally uncommon and shows only minor environment-correlated variation and 
no taxonomically significant geographic variation throughout the recorded Central Indo- 
Pacific distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to central America. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Cocos (Keeling) 

Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Gardineroseris sp. Thailand 


This second species of Gardineroseris has been tentatively recorded from Phuket, 
Thailand. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: none. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Thailand only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand. 


193 


FAMILY AGARICIIDAE 


Genus Coeloseris 
Vaughan, 1918 


Coeloseris mayert 
Vaughan, 1918 


Common, especially in Vanuatu and the Yaeyama Is., generally uncommon on the 
GBR and W Australia. Has a similar range of variation throughout the recorded Central 


Indo-Pacific distribution range. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Vaughan (1918), Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?E Africa and Andaman Is. to Vanuatu and 
?Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Elizabeth and 
Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, 

Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


194 


FAMILY AGARICIIDAE 


Genus Pachyseris 
Edwards and Haime, 1849 


It is likely that only two species, P. rugosa and P. speciosa, occur in most Indo-Pacific 
locations. Although both species have wide ranges of growth forms, they are taxonomically 
distinct. There are no significant differences between E and W Australian Pachyseris. 


Pachyseris rugosa 
(Lamarck, 1801) 


Common throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range except in 
Japan where it is generally uncommon. Occurs over a wide range of environments, from 
shallow to deep, and has a wide range of environment-correlated growth forms, especially in 
shallow turbid water, where it may form colonies over 8 m diameter. Possible taxonomically 
significant geographic variation is masked by this environment-correlated variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: “Southern Ocean” 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to Marshall Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, N 
and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef Tract, 
Houtman Abrolhos. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, 
Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Pachyseris speciosa 
(Dana, 1846) 


Very common, especially in deep water where (notably at Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, the 
Houtman Abrolhos Is. and some Ryukyu Is.) it may form monospecific stands. Becomes 
notably less common in higher latitudes. Rare in Vanuatu. Displays much less variation than 
P. rugosa, but has little or no taxonomically significant geographic variation in locations 
where studied. 


195 


FAMILY AGARICIIDAE 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: “East Indies”. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to Kiribati and French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Dampier Arch., 
Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Cocos 

(Keeling) Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Pachyseris gemmae 
Nemenzo, 1955 


Common in exposed environments of the Philippines and Japan. This is an ill- 
defined species, similar to plate-like P. rugosa. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Nemenzo (1955), Veron and Hodgson (1989). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Japan. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 

W Australia: not found. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand. 


196 


FAMILY AGARICIIDAE 


Pachyseris foliosa 
Veron, 1990 


Uncommon, recorded only from the Philippines. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron (1990c, 1991a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


197 


10 
Family 
Fungiidae 
Dana, 1846 


Cantharellus Hoeksema and Best, has been recorded in the Central Indo-Pacific only - 
as C. noumeae Hoeksema and Best, 1984. 


Genus Cycloseris 
Edwards and Haime, 1849 


Rare throughout Australia (except for Cycloseris cyclolite) on the GBR, generally 
common in the Philippines, rare in Japan, not recorded from Cocos (Keeling) Atoll. Usually 
found only in non-reefal (including inter-reefal) biotopes. 


Cycloseris cyclolites 
(Lamarck, 1801) 


Very common in localised non-reefal areas of the GBR. Rare in Japan. Specimens 
from Okinawa are similar to those from the Philippines but are larger, more irregular, and 
have coarser septa than those from the GBR. This trend is greatly extended in mainland 
locations where there is either a high latitude ecomorph of cyclolites or, more likely, a high 
latitude endemic. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a), Hoeksema (1989) 
(as Fungia (Cycloseris) cyclolites). 


TYPE LOCALITY: “Southern Ocean”. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to New Caledonia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: N and Central GBR, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., Pilbara 
coast, Shark Bay region. 


199 


FAMILY FUNGIIDAE 


Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Okinawa Is., Amami Is., Amakusa Is., 
Kushimoto, Shirahama, Izu, Tateyama. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, 


Indonesia, Taiwan, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia. 


Cycloseris sinensis 
Edwards and Haime, 1851 


The most common Cycloseris in the Motupore I. region of S Papua New Guinea but 
known in Australia only from Ashmore Reef. Coralla from the Philippines and Japan are 
very similar but have distinctively higher septa than those from lower latitudes. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Hoeksema (1989, as Fungia (Cycloseris) sinensis). 
TYPE LOCALITY: South China Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: E Africa to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Singapore, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua 
New Guinea, S Papua New Guinea. 


Cycloseris hexagonalis 
(Edwards and Haime, 1848) 


Rare, and little studied, throughout the recorded Central Indo- Pacific distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Hoeksema (1989, as Fungia (Cycloseris) hexagonalis) Figs. 123 
and 124 only). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: SE India to 7Hawaii. 


200 


FAMILY FUNGIIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Indonesia, N Papua New Guinea. 


Cycloseris curvata 
(Hoeksema, 1989) 


This is a very widespread species yet is generally rare throughout the recorded 
Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. It is found along the northern Australian and 
southern Papua New Guinea coasts, where it may be common in restricted areas between 
reefs or in sandy lagoons. 

Taxonomic note: this is anew name for C. elegans Verrill. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Hoeksema (1989) (as Fungia (Cycloseris) curvata). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Gulf of California. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Indonesia to central America. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Solitary Is. 
W Australia: Rowley Shoals. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Indonesia, N Papua New Guinea. 


Cycloseris costulata 
(Ortmann, 1889) 


Seldom seen except in some deep lagoons where it may be locally abundant. Rare in 


the Ryukyu Is. except for a single site. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Sri Lanka. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Red Sea and E Africa to Bismark Arch. 


201 


FAMILY FUNGIIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, 
N GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and 
Middleton Reefs, S coastal New South Wales. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, 


Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, S Papua New Guinea. 


Cycloseris erosa 
(Déderlein, 1901) 


Rare and little studied. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Red Sea and Indonesia to E Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Central GBR, 
Pompey and Swain Reefs. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, S Papua New Guinea. 


Cycloseris somerville 
(Gardiner, 1909) 


A rare but distinctive species. Recorded from Miyake I. (S of Tokyo), but not from 


the Ryukyu Is. or mainland Japan. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a), Hoeksema (1989) 
(as Fungia (Cycloseris) somervillei). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Seychelles Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Kuwait, ?7E Africa and Seychelles Is. to Fiji. 


202 


FAMILY FUNGIIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, 
N GBR 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Indonesia, N Papua New Guinea, 
S Papua New Guinea. 


Cycloseris sp. Philippines 


Rare in the Philippines, recorded in Japan from a single specimen. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron and Hodgson (1989) (as Cycloseris sp. 2). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Japan. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Tanegashima. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Cycloseris patelliformis 
(Boschma, 1923) 


Rare in Australia and Japan. Coralla from the Ryukyu Is. are similar to those from 
the Philippines; those from Tanegashima and the Shirahama (Tanabe Bay) are attributed to 
this species with doubt. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and Seychelles Is. to Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, N and Central 
GBR, Coral Sea, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: Dampier Arch., Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa ls., Tanegashima, 
Shirahama. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Vietnam, Vanuatu. 


203 


FAMILY FUNGIIDAE 


Cycloseris vaughani 
(Boschma, 1923) 


Rare in Australia and Japan where only four specimens have been observed. A 
single specimen from the Amakusa Is. is lightly calcified and is identified as this species with 
doubt. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a), Hoeksema (1989) 
(as Fungia (Cycloseris) vaughani). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Hawaii. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Saudi Arabia and Madagascar to Hawaii 
and Easter I. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Amakusa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, 
N Papua New Guinea, S Papua New Guinea. 


Cycloseris tenuis 
(Boschma, 1923) 


Rare throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a) (as Cycloseris 
marginata), Hoeksema (1989) (as Fungia (Cycloseris) tenuis). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Red Sea and Chagos to Hawaii. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Central GBR. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore. 


204 


FAMILY FUNGIIDAE 


Genus Diaseris 
Edwards and Haime, 1849 


Diaseris typically occurs in isolated pockets of non-reefal habitats. They have a 
distinctive mode of asexual reproduction by autotomy. As with Cycloseris, the rarity of 
Diaseris makes it likely that present records are incomplete. Species differences are always 
clear in any given region but environment-correlated variation may mask inter-regional 
species recognition. 


Diaseris distorta 
(Michelin, 1843) 


Very common in some inter-reefal areas of the GBR, rare in W Australia and the 
Ryukyu Is., except in some isolated biotopes. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to central America. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: N and Central GBR, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reef. 
W Australia: Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, N Papua 


New Guinea. 


Diaseris fragilis 
Alcock, 1893 


Seldom found in Australia and occurs only on soft substrates in deep water or in 
turbid lagoons, but may be abundant in such areas. Recorded only from the Yaeyama Is. of 
Japan at approximately 40m depth, a record attributed to this species with doubt. Recorded 
in a subtidal sea grass bed in Cebu, Philippines, where autotomy was so frequent that 
individuals were reduced to the size of pebbles which almost covered the substrate. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Andaman Sea. 


205 


FAMILY FUNGIIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Mozambique and Seychelles to E Australia 


and ?Hawaiil. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: N and Central GBR, Pompey and 
Swain Reefs. 
W Australia: Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, 


N Papua New Guinea. 


Genus Heliofungia 
Wells, 1966 


Heliofungia actiniformis 
(Quoy and Gaimard, 1833) 


Very common on the GBR and NW Shelf reefs of Australia, especially in lagoons. 
Usually uncommon in Vanuatu and Japan where it is restricted to protected biotopes. Has a 
similar range of variation throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a), Hoeksema (1989). 
TYPE LOCALITY: New Ireland. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Thailand to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn 
and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef, Kimberley coast. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, 
Indonesia, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


206 


FAMILY FUNGIIDAE 


Genus Fungia 
Lamarck, 1801 


Of all major genera, Fungia is the most restricted to tropical waters. In E Australia, 
only F. scutaria is abundant in higher latitudes (Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs). On the W 
coast, only a single specimen (of F. repanda) has been recorded from the Houtman Abrolhos 
Islands. There are usually few, if any, differences between coralla from the two Australian coasts. 

Fungia are very common throughout the Ryukyu Is. and show little taxonomically 
significant geographic variation within this range. There appears to be little variation in 
relative abundance within the three major groups of the Ryukyu Is., yet only one species, F. 
scutaria, has been recorded further north (at Tanegashima) by Veron (1991). 

The genus is usually divided into subgenera following Well’s (1966) revision 
although these have no more taxonomic significance than subgenera of other major genera. 
Species generally show little geographic- or environment-correlated variation, partly because 
they are not colonial, but also because they seldom occur on exposed reef fronts or in high 
latitude, non-reefal localities, both of which are common environmental extremes for other corals. 


Fungia fungites 
(Linnaeus, 1758) 


Very common throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range 
except at Cocos (Keeling) Atoll where it is uncommon. Coralla show no taxonomically 
significant geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a), Hoeksema (1989). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Red Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn 
and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., 
Ningaloo Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tosashimizu. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Cocos 
(Keeling) Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


207 


FAMILY FUNGIIDAE 


Fungia scruposa 
Klunzinger, 1879 


Rare on the GBR and W Australia, generally common in the Ryukyu Is. over a wide 
range of biotopes. Coralla show no taxonomically significant geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a), Hoeksema (1989). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Red Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to ?E Australia and French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, 
Pompey and Swain Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef, Dampier Arch. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, 


N Papua New Guinea. 


Fungia horrida 
Dana, 1846 


Generally uncommon or rare throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific 


distribution range. Coralla show no taxonomically significant variation. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a), Hoeksema (1989). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Torres Strait, N and 
Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, 


Vanuatu, N Papua New Guinea. 


209 


FAMILY FUNGIIDAE 


Fungia danai 
(Edwards and Haime, 1851) 


Common throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range where 


coralla seldom show any taxonomically significant geographic variation. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Madagascar and E Africa to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Torres Strait, N and 
Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Singapore, Vietnam, Malaysia, Vanuatu. 


Fungia corona 
Déderlein, 1901 


Rare and little studied. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Singapore. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to E Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Torres Strait, N and 
Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam. 


208 


FAMILY FUNGIIDAE 


Fungia fralinae 
Nemenzo, 1955 


Rare, geographic variation has not been studied. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Nemenzo (1955), Veron and Hodgson (1989), Hoeksema 
(1989). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Indonesia to Papua New Guinea. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Indonesia, N Papua New Guinea. 


Fungia valida 
Verrill, 1864 


Common at Ashmore Reef but has not been recorded elsewhere on the W Australian 
coast. Rare in Vanuatu, probably rare in Japan. Coralla show no taxonomically significant 
geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Zanzibar. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to Vanuatu and 
?Phoenix Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, 
N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef. 
Philippines - Japan: Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Vanuatu. 


210 


FAMILY FUNGIIDAE 


Fungia klunzingeri 
Doderlein, 1901 


Generally uncommon or rare and shows no taxonomically significant geographic 
variation throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Red Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, 
N and Central GBR. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Rowley Shoals. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Singapore, Vietnam, Vanuatu. 


Fungia repanda 
Dana, 1846 


Common throughout the Australian distribution range except for the Houtman 
Abrolhos Is. where only a single specimen has been observed. This is the only record of 
Fungia at the Houtman Abrolhos Is. Very common in the Ryukyu Is. Coralla show no 
taxonomically significant geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a), Hoeksema (1989). 
TYPE LOCALITY: “East Indies” and Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 

Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs Capricorn 

and Bunker Reefs. 

W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., 

Ningaloo Reef Tract. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, 

Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


211 


FAMILY FUNGIIDAE 


Fungia concinna 
Verrill, 1864 


Very common in Vanuatu and the Ryukyu Is. Shows no taxonomically significant 


geographic variation throughout the recorded Central Indo- Pacific distribution range. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a), Hoeksema (1989). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Zanzibar. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., 
Ningaloo Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Cocos (Keeling) 
Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 
Additional countries: not found. 


Fungia scabra 
Déderlein, 1901 


Rare on the GBR, uncommon in the Ryukyu Is. and not studied in detail. Coralla are 
similar in these localities. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: “East Indies”. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Seychelles to E Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, 
N Papua New Guinea, S Papua New Guinea. 


212 


FAMILY FUNGIIDAE 


Fungia granulosa 
Klunzinger, 1879 


Generally common, shows no taxonomically significant geographic variation 
throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a), Hoeksema (1989). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Red Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Cocos 
(Keeling) Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Fungia spinifer 
Claereboudt and Hoeksema, 1987 


Rare, geographic variation has not been studied. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Claereboudt and Hoeksema (1987), Hoeksema (1989). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Indonesia to N Papua New Guinea. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Okinawa ls. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Indonesia, N Papua New Guinea. 


VA. 


FAMILY FUNGIIDAE 


Fungia sp. Philippines 
Rare, geographic variation has not been studied. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron and Hodgson (1989). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Fungia scutaria 
Lamarck, 1801 


Generally common throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range, 
occurring in higher latitudes than other Fungia species in E and W Australia and Japan; 
common at Elizabeth and Middleton Reef (E Australia), rare at Tanegashima (Japan). Unlike 
other Fungia, this species is sometimes found in moderately exposed environments. Coralla 
show no taxonomically significant geographic variation. Commonly bright green in the 
Ryukyu Is.; uniform pale brown at Tanegashima, cream with blue or white tentacular lobes, 
occasionally pink, at Cocos (Keeling) Atoll. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a), Hoeksema (1989). 
TYPE LOCALITY: “Indian Ocean”. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and SE Africa to Hawaii and 
Pitcairn Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn 
and Bunker Reefs, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Ningaloo Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Cocos (Keeling) 

Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


214 


FAMILY FUNGIIDAE 


Fungia paumotensis 
Stutchbury, 1833 


Generally common and shows no taxonomically significant geographic variation 
throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a), Hoeksema (1989). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Paumotu Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and Madagascar to Hawaii and 
French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn 
and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, 
Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Fungia moluccensis 
van der Horst, 1919 


Generally uncommon in Australia, sometimes common in the Ryukyu Is. Coralla 
show no taxonomically significant geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, 
N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Vietnam, Indonesia, 


Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, S Papua New Guinea. 


215 


FAMILY FUNGIIDAE 


Fungia sp. Vanuatu 


Rare, geographic variation has not been studied. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron (1990a) (as Fungia (Verrilliofungia) sp.). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Vanuatu only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Genus Ctenactis 
Verrill, 1864 


Taxonomic note: This genus was formally considered a subgenus of Fungia by the 


author and his colleagues. 


Ctenactis echinata 
(Pallas, 1766) 


Common and shows no taxonomically significant geographic variation throughout 
the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a) (as Fungia (Ctenactis) 
echinata), Hoeksema (1989). 


TYPE LOCALITY: “Indian Ocean”. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef, Kimberley coast, Ningaloo 
Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, 
Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


216 


FAMILY FUNGIIDAE 


Ctenactis crassa 
(Dana, 1846) 


Uncommon or rare and shows no taxonomically significant geographic variation 
throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 

Taxonomic note: This species has previously been called Herpetoglossa simplex and 
Fungia (Ctenactis) simplex by the author and his colleagues. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a) (as Herpetoglossa 
simplex), Hoeksema (1989). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Maldive Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to Fiji. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, 
Pompey and Swain Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley Coast, Dampier and Ningaloo. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, 
Taiwan, Vanuatu, N Papua New Guinea. 


Genus Herpolitha 


Eschscholtz, 1825 


Herpolitha limax 
(Esper, 1797) 


Generally common and shows no taxonomically significant geographic variation 
throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range except at Cocos (Keeling) 
Atoll where it is rare. 

TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a), Hoeksema (1989). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to French Polynesia. 


217 


FAMILY FUNGIIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 

Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn 

and Bunker Reefs. 

W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., 

Ningaloo Reef Tract. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Cocos 

(Keeling) Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Herpolitha weberi 
(van der Horst, 1921) 


Generally rare throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: van der Horst (1921), Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Maldive Is. to E Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Central GBR 
W Australia: Rowley Shoals, Kimberley coast. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, N Papua 
New Guinea, S Papua New Guinea. 


Genus Polyphyllia 


Quoy and Gaimard, 1833 


Taxonomic note: Lamberts (1984) presents a plausible case for dividing Polyphyllia 
into two monospecific genera, Polyphyllia and Lithactinia, on both morphological and 
biogeographic grounds. This division would be more useful if either genus had a second 
species. 


218 


FAMILY FUNGIIDAE 


Polyphyllia talpina 
(Lamarck, 1801) 


Generally common in E and W Australia, uncommon in the Ryukyu Is. Coralla show 
no taxonomically significant geographic variation, neither are there colour variations or 
variations of colonies in situ, which have tentacles extended day and night. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a), Hoeksema (1989). 
TYPE LOCALITY: “East Indies”. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Madagascar to Fiji and Tonga. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo 
Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, 
Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, S Papua New Guinea. 


Polyphyllia novaehiberniae 
Lesson, 1831 


This is a well-defined species with an anomalous distribution: it is common from N 
Papua New Guinea to Samoa, does not occur in the central western Pacific or the Indian 
Ocean except Kenya, where it is known from a single specimen. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Lamberts (1984) (as Lithactinia novaehiberniae), Hoeksema 
(1989). 


TYPE LOCALITY: New Ireland. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Kenya and Papua New Guinea to Fiji. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vanuatu, N Papua New Guinea. 


219 


FAMILY FUNGIIDAE 


Genus Halomitra 
Dana, 1846 


Halomitra pileus 
(Linnaeus, 1758) 


Rare in the Ryukyu Is., uncommon in Vanuatu. Shows no taxonomically significant 
geographic variation throughout the recorded Central Indo- Pacific distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a), Hoeksema (1989). 
TYPE LOCALITY: “East Indies”. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: E Africa to Kiribati. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa ls. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, 
N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Sandalolitha 


Quelch, 1884 


A second species of Sandalolitha, S. dentata Quelch, 1886, is probably a valid species 
of the south Pacific, but its wider distribution is uncertain. 


Sandalolitha robusta 
(Quelch, 1886) 


Generally common and shows no taxonomically significant geographic variation 
throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range except at Cocos (Keeling) 
Atoll where small colonies are oval, larger ones are contorted according to irregularities in 
the substrate. The flattened, irregular appearance combined with wide corallum margins free 
of centres, suggests a different species from that found in Australia. There are, however, no 
skeletal details which reliably distinguish Cocos (Keeling) Atoll coralla from those from 
Australia and these are best regarded as geographic subspecies. 


220 


FAMILY FUNGIIDAE 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Andaman Is. to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Ningaloo Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Cocos 
(Keeling) Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Genus Zoopilus 
Dana, 1846 


A well-defined monospecific genus. 


Zoopilus echinatus 
Dana, 1846 


Uncommon except in some isolated deep-water biotopes. The distribution range is 
unusual in that it excludes Australia and the Coral Sea, yet extends S to Vanuatu and Fiji and 


N to the Yaeyama Is. of Japan. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1986a), Hoeksema (1989). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Indonesia to Marshall Is. and Fiji. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Indonesia, N Papua New 


Guinea, Vanuatu. 


221 


FAMILY FUNGIIDAE 


Genus Lithophyllon 


Rehberg, 1892 


Hoeksema (1989) records two species of Lithophyllon in total, as concluded by Veron 
(1986). One species occurs on the GBR: L. mokai Hoeksema, a new name for the L. cf. edwardsi 
of Veron and Pichon (1980) and subsequent uses of that name by this author from Australian 
locations, but not Japan. Lithophyllon undulatum sensu Hoeksema, occurs Ashmore Reef, NW 
Australia but has not, to this authors knowledge, been found on the GBR. There are probably 
no species of Lithophyllon in common between the GBR and Japan. 


Lithophyllon undulatum 
Rehberg, 1892 


Uncommon, but forms large, conspicuous colonies in high latitude, non-reefal 


localities of Japan. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1986a, p. 358, fig. 1), Hoeksema (1989, figs. 570, 571). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Japan. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is. Okinawa Is., Tanegashima, 
Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Shirahama, Kushimoto. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, 


N Papua New Guinea. 


Lithophyllon mokai 
Hoeksema, 1989 


Uncommon and shows no taxonomically significant geographic variation 
throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980) (as L. cf. edwardsi), Hoeksema 
(1989). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia. 


222 


FAMILY FUNGIIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Andaman Is. to Vanuatu and ?Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, N 
and Central GBR. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, 
Ningaloo Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, 

Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Lithophyllon lobata 


van der Horst, 1921 


Rare throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: van der Horst (1921), Veron and Hodgson (1989), Hoeksema 
(1989, figs. 567, 568, as Lithophyllon undulatum). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Japan. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Japan. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea. 
W Australia: not found. 


Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Indonesia, S Papua New Guinea. 


Lithophyllon levistet 


Nemenzo, 1971 


Rare, presumed to be endemic to the Philippines and Vietnam. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Nemenzo (1971). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Vietnam to Philippines. 


223 


FAMILY FUNGIIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam. 


Genus Podabacia 
Edwards and Haime, 1849 


Podabacia crustacea 
(Pallas, 1766) 


Common in E and W Australian, uncommon in the Philippines and Ryukyu Is. 
Coralla show no taxonomically significant geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a), Hoeksema (1989). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn 
and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo 
Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, 
Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Podabacia motuporensis 
Veron, 1990 


Rare over the recorded distribution range except at Vanuatu where it is generally 
common. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1990c). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


224 


FAMILY FUNGIIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vanuatu. 


225 


1 
Family 
Oculinidae 
Gray, 1847 


Contains three hermatypic genera, Galaxea, Acrhelia, and Simplastrea from the Indo- 
Pacific. The first two genera are common and widespread, the last is known only from the 
holotype of S. vesicularis Umbgrove, 1939, which appears to be a distinct species. 


Genus Galaxea 
Oken, 1815 


The total number of Galaxea species is unrecorded but there appear to be at least four 
in the Central Indo-Pacific, three of which have been studied by the author and a fourth, 
recorded from N Papua New Guinea. The variability of G. fascicularis, however, may well 
mask the presence of other similar but less abundant species. Species identities of the eastern 
distribution range of the genus have not been determined. 


Galaxea astreata 
(Lamarck, 1816) 


Common in most Central Indo-Pacific locations. Rare in the Okinawa Is. and not 
found in sub-tropical Australian locations. Colonies may be tiered, encrusting, columnar or 
pillow-like, depending partly on exposure to wave action. Columnar growth forms are more 
common on the W Australian coast than on the GBR. This species shows little of the great 
variation of G. fascicularis and there is little or no taxonomically significant geographic 
variation in either growth form or corallite structure. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: “Indian Ocean”. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to ?Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 


220 


FAMILY OCULINIDAE 


Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn 
and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., 
Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Tosashimizu. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, 
Hong Kong, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Galaxea fascicularis 
(Linnaeus, 1767) 


Common throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. Has a 
very wide range of environment-correlated variation and may also vary greatly within the 
same uniform biotope. Forms very large colonies, including some of the largest of all 
Scleractinia, in turbid, protected water. Small colonies growing on mud substrates have been 
described as separate species because they often develop very elongate, phaceloid corallites. 
Such corallites may also occur in colonies from reefal habitats, where they may be induced 
by boring organisms. Environment-correlated variation, therefore, takes several forms, 
which completely masks both geographic variation and the possible presence of sibling 
species. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to ?French Polynesia 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn 
and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., Pilbara 
coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, 

Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


228 


FAMILY OCULINIDAE 


Galaxea alta 
Nemenzo, 1979 


Sometimes common in the Philippines. Primarily characterised by very large, exsert, 


tubular corallites and numerous highly compacted septa. Difficult to distinguish from G. 


fascicularis unless both species occur together. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Nemenzo (1979). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 


Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Genus Acrhelia 
Edwards and Haime, 1849 


This genus, from the Central Indo-Pacific, is monospecific. 


Acrhelia horrescens 
(Dana, 1846) 


This is one of the most habitat-restricted of all reef corals of Australia where it occurs 


only in clear reef waters and is virtually never found on fringing reefs. It occurs only on off- 
shore (NW Shelf) reefs of W Australia and only on the southern-most (Yaeyama) reefs of the 
Ryukyu Is., where it is generally uncommon. In Vanuatu, the Philippines and the Ryukyu Is., 
colonies frequently occur in turbid environments where they have lax growth forms. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 


Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Malaysia and W Australia to Gilbert Is. and 


Samoa. 


229 


FAMILY OCULINIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, 
N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Indonesia, N Papua New 


Guinea, Vanuatu. 


230 


12 
Family 


Pectintidae 
Vaughan and Wells, 1947 


Genus Echinophyllia 


Klunzinger, 1879 


Except for plate-like E. orpheensis at the Houtman Abrolhos Islands, there is little 
difference between the Echinophyllia of the GBR and the W Australian coast. 


Echinophyllia aspera 
(Ellis and Solander, 1786) 


Generally common in a wide range of habitats throughout the recorded Central 
Indo-Pacific distribution range. Is especially common in high latitudes, notably Tanegashima 
and the Amakusa Is., but is uncommon at Shirahama and Kushimoto. Has a similar range of 


corallite variation throughout its range. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: “Eastern Indian Ocean”. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe Is., 
Solitary Is. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, 
Ningaloo Reefs, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami lIs., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama, Izu, 


Tateyama. 


231 


FAMILY PECTINIIDAE 


Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Thailand, 


Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


Echinophyllia orpheensis 


Veron and Pichon, 1980 


Generally uncommon throughout the recorded distribution range. Colonies 
attributed to this species with doubt form explanate plates at the Houtman Abrolhos Is. with 


outwardly inclined corallites. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Malaysia and W Australia to E Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn 
and Bunker Reefs, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf reefs, Pilbara coast, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo 
Reefs, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Malaysia, 

Vietnam, Indonesia. 


Echinophyllia echinata 
(Saville-Kent, 1871) 


Recorded only from Ashmore Reef on the W Australian coast where it is unusually 
common. Generally uncommon elsewhere in the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution 
range. 

TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Solomon Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Saudi Arabia and Maldive Is. to Solomon 
Is. and French Polynesia. 


232 


FAMILY PECTINIIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Torres Strait, N GBR. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, 
N Papua New Guinea. 


Echinophyllia nishthirat 
Veron, 1990 


Rare, but very conspicuous. Coralla have a very large central corallite with a 
compact, circular or elongate columella up to 20mm diameter. Septo-costae radiate from the 
central corallite to the corallum perimeter. Secondary corallites are rare. Geographic range 
and environment-correlated variation are both unrecorded. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1990c, 1991a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Ryukyu Is., Japan. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Japan only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 

W Australia: not found. 

Philippines - Japan: Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Tosashimizu. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Echinophyllia echinoporoides 
Veron and Pichon, 1980 


Rare throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range except, in the 
Ryukyu Is., in some protected biotopes. Has a similar range of variation in the Philippines 
and Ryukyu Is. In the Ryukyu Is. it is mostly rust red in colour, often with green or white 
calices, occasionally grey with green or red calices. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


233 


FAMILY PECTINIIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Indonesia to E Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, 

N and Central GBR. 

W Australia: not found. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, N Papua New Guinea, 


Malaysia, Indonesia. 


Echinophyllia patula 
(Hodgson and Ross, 1982) 


Rare, except at Tanegashima where it has the same grey- green colour and 
appearance as Philippines colonies. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Hodgson and Ross (1982). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Thailand to Japan. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 

W Australia: not found. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Tanegashima. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand. 


Genus Oxypora 


Saville-Kent, 1871 


Oxypora crassispinosa 
Nemenzo, 1979 


Common on steeply sloping substrates of the Philippines. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Nemenzo (1979). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


234 


FAMILY PECTINIIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Oxypora lacera 
(Verrill, 1864) 


Common in E and W Australia and in the Ryukyu Is. N to Tanegashima, uncommon 
in mainland Japan and Cocos (Keeling) Atoll. Has a similar range of variation throughout the 
recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. Colonies are usually pale grey or brown in 
the Ryukyu Is., or yellowish-brown to creamy grey at Tanegashima or bright green 
(sometimes red) at mainland locations. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Singapore. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to Marshall and Loyalty Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn 
and Bunker Reefs, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf reefs, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, Ningaloo 
Reefs, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama, Izu. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, 
Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Oxypora glabra 


Nemenzo, 1959 


Much more abundant on the W than E Australian coasts where colonies tend to form 
thin plates similar to those of O. lacera and distinctions between these species are not as clear 
as they are in other geographic regions including the GBR and the Philippines. Generally 
uncommon elsewhere in the recorded distribution range. Coralla from the GBR, the 
Philippines and the Ryukyu Is. have a similar range of variation. 


235 


FAMILY PECTINIIDAE 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Malaysia to New Caledonia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, 
N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf reefs, Ningaloo Reefs, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Malaysia, Taiwan, 
New Caledonia. 


Genus Mycedium 
Oken, 1815 


Mycedium elephantotus 
(Pallas, 1766) 


Common in E and W Australia, the Ryukyu Is. and Kushimoto, where it has a very 
wide colour range; uncommon at Tanegashima and other mainland localities of Japan where 
it is dark coloured, predominantly green. Has a wide variation in corallite structure 
throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: “Indian Ocean”. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, 
Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Moreton Bay, Lord Howe Is. 
W Australia: NW Shelf reefs, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, 
Ningaloo Reefs, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama, Izu. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: NN Papua New Guinea, Thailand, 
Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


236 


FAMILY PECTINIIDAE 


Mycedium robokaki 
Moll and Borel Best, 1984 


Generally uncommon in Vanuatu, rare and in Australia and Japan (recorded only 
from Ashmore Reef and Ishigaki I., respectively). 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Moll and Borel Best (1984). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Indonesia to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Indonesia, Vanuatu. 


Genus Physophyllia 


Duncan, 1884 


This is a poorly defined genus with one species. 


Physophyllia aylent 


Wells, 1934 


Rare throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Japan. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Japan. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: Kimberly Coast (new record). 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., 
Kushimoto, Shirahama. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


237 


FAMILY PECTINIIDAE 


Genus Pectinia 
Oken 1815 


Although the species of this genus have been very confused historically, they are 
usually reliably identified in situ and, except for some P. teres, from coralla. 


Pectinia lactuca 
(Pallas, 1766) 


Common in Vanuatu-and E and W Australia, generally uncommon in Japan. Coralla 
show no taxonomically significant geographic variation, and are always blue-grey in colour 
throughout the recorded Indo-west distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: E Africa to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, 
N and Central GBR. 
W Australia: NW Shelf reefs, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reefs. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Tosashimizu, 
Amami Is., Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Thailand, 
Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


Pectinia paeonia 
(Dana, 1846) 


Common in Vanuatu and E and W Australia, uncommon in Japan. Coralla show no 
taxonomically significant geographic variation throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific 
distribution range. 

TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Sri Lanka to Fiji. 


238 


FAMILY PECTINIIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, N 
and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., 
Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reefs. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: NN Papua New Guinea, Thailand, 

Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


Pectinia alcicornis 
(Saville-Kent, 1871) 


Occurs only on NW Shelf reefs of W Australia. Uncommon in Vanuatu and Japan. 
Usually found in partly protected biotopes but sometimes found on partly exposed upper 
reef slopes. Has a similar range of variation throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific 
distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Solomon Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Maldive Is. to Vanuatu and ?Solomon Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, 
N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Thailand, 
Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Vanuatu. 


Pectinia teres 
Nemenzo, 1981 


Rare throughout the recorded distribution range where it is usually restricted to 
lower reef slopes. Restricted to the NW Shelf reefs of W Australia where colonies shown no 
taxonomically significant differences from those of the Philippines. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Nemenzo (1981), Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


239 


FAMILY PECTINIIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Thailand to Papua New Guinea. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: NW Shelf reefs. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama ls. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, N Papua New Guinea. 


Pectinia elongata 
Rehberg, 1892 


A rare distinctive species, probably restricted to equatorial regions and occupying 


soft substrates in protected environments. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980, fig. 605). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Palau. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Malaysia to Papua New Guinea. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N and E Papua New Guinea, Malaysia, 


Indonesia. 


240 


13 
Family 
Mussidae 
Ortmann, 1890 


Indophyllia Gerth, 1921 was known only as a fossil genus until an extant species, I. 
macassarensis Borel Best and Hoeksema, 1987 was described from Indonesia. It is solitary, like 
Scolymia, but adults are free-living. It has not been found by the author and may be endemic 
to the Indonesian region. 

This family includes both high latitude endemic species and subspecies and other 
species which have marked latitudinal variation in abundance in both the N and S hemispheres. 


Genus Blastomussa 
Wells, 1961 


Except for the rare occurrence of B. merleti at the Dampier Archipelago, this genus 
has been found in W Australia only at the Houtman Abrolhos Is. 


Blastomussa merleti 
(Wells, 1961) 


Uncommon in Australia, very rare in Japan. Usually green centered in W Australia, 
may be red, green or brownish colour in Japan. Coralla show no taxonomically significant 


geographic variation. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: New Caledonia. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and Madagascar to New Caledonia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, 

N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Solitary Is. 

W Australia: Dampier Arch., Houtman Abrolhos Is. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Malaysia, 


Indonesia, New Caledonia. 


241 


FAMILY MUSSIDAE 


Blastomussa wellsi 
Wijsman-Best, 1973 


Rare throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. Usually 
phaceloid, becoming sub-plocoid in higher latitudes (including the Houtman Abrolhos Is. of 
W Australia) and may be completely cerioid in mainland Japan. Generally greenish or red 
throughout the recorded distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: New Caledonia. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Red Sea and Philippines to New 
Caledonia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Tateyama. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, Malaysia, New Caledonia, 

Vanuatu. 


Genus Cynarina 
Brtiggemann, 1877 


Cynarina lacrymalis 
(Edwards and Haime, 1848) 


Seldom common on the GBR, very rare in Japan. Although this is a very distinctive 
species, three specimens only were observed at Tanegashima, two at Shirahama, and none 
were found in situ at Kushimoto. 

TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to Kermadec Is. 


242 


FAMILY MUSSIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn 
and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: Kimberley coast (new record). 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is.,Tanegashima, 
Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Thailand, 

Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia. 


Genus Scolymia 
Haime, 1852 


Scolymia vitiensis 
Briiggemann, 1877 


Uncommon in Vanuatu. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?E Africa and Philippines to Fiji and ?Pitcairn Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn 
and Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa ls. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Malaysia, 
Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


243 


FAMILY MUSSIDAE 


Scolymia australis 
(Edwards and Haime, 1849) 


Primarily found along the southern coastline of Australia, a distribution similar to 
that of Coscinaraea mcneilli. It is usually uncommon within this range and rare in the S GBR. 
Has also been found in Japan, but not in the Ryukyu Is. or the mainland. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Port Lincoln (S Australia). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: W to E Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, 
Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe Is., Solitary Is., 
coastal locations S to Victoria thence W to W Australia. 
W Australia: SW coastal locations S to Point d’Entrecasteaux, thence E 
to E Australia. 
Philippines - Japan: Miyake and Ogasawara Is. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Genus Australomussa 
Veron, 1985 


Australomussa rowleyensis 
Veron, 1985 


Rare in W Australia except for restricted biotopes of N Legendre I., Dampier 
Archipelago. Colonies are small, flat, dark green and grey at Rowley Shoals and large, dome- 
shaped and medium grey at Dampier Archipelago. Very common in W Thailand, rare in 
Japan and recorded in the Okinawa Is. from a single laboratory specimen. 

TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Rowley Shoals (W Australia). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Andaman Is. to Japan. 


244 


FAMILY MUSSIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: NW Shelf reefs, Dampier Arch., Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Indonesia, N Papua New 
Guinea. 


Genus Acanthastrea 
Edwards and Haime, 1848 


Several species (A. hillae, A. bowerbanki, A. lordhowensis and possibly A. amakusensis) 
are much more common in high latitude non-reefal localities than in the tropics. Acanthastrea 
echinata is the only widespread common species of the genus. 


Acanthastrea echinata 
(Dana, 1846) 


Generally common throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range, 
especially on exposed upper reef slopes. Less common in higher latitudes. Colonies show no 
taxonomically significant variation throughout this range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea, The Gulf and E Africa to Marshall 


Is. and French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn 
and Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf reefs, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, 
Ningaloo Reefs, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama, Tateyama. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Thailand, 


Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


245 


FAMILY MUSSIDAE 


Acanthastrea rotundoflora 
Chevalier, 1975 


Rare in Japan. Colonies from Japan, the Philippines and Vanuatu have a similar 


appearance in situ. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Chevalier (1975). 
TYPE LOCALITY: New Caledonia. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to New Caledonia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: New Caledonia. 


Acanthastrea hillae 
Wells, 1955 


Uncommon or rare in Vanuatu and tropical E Australia and in W Australia except at 
the Houtman Abrolhos Is. Has a wide range of colours in the E, but little colour variation in 
the W where most colonies are creamy green or brown. Rare in Japan, especially in the 
Ryukyu Is., where colonies are mostly grey, brown or mottled green in colour. At 
Tanegashima and mainland Japan, colonies are also commonly red. Coralla from W Australia 
usually have relatively coarse skeletal structures, with a tendency to become sub-meandroid. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wells (1955), Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Moreton Bay (E Australia). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Mozambique and The Gulf and W Australia 
to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, N and Central 
GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton 
Reefs, Lord Howe Is., Solitary Is., N coastal New South Wales. 
W Australia: Ningaloo Reefs, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 


246 


FAMILY MUSSIDAE 


Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua 
New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Acanthastrea bowerbanki 
Edwards and Haime, 1857 


Rare throughout the tropics and recorded from a single W Australian locality. Living 
colonies do not have the fleshy appearance of other Acanthastrea species. Coralla from the 
GBR and the Ryukyu Is. show no taxonomically significant differences. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: “Australia”. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Reunion and Rodriguez I. to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Capricorn and Bunker 
Reefs, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe Is. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef. 
Philippines - Japan: Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amakusa Is., Tosashimizu. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, 
Vanuatu. 


Acanthastrea hempricht 
(Ehrenberg, 1834). 


Generally uncommon, but may form conspicuous orange-yellow colonies over 1m 
diameter in the Ryukyu Is. and uniform brownish-grey to dark green or red colonies at 
mainland locations. Coralla from the Philippines and Japan show no taxonomically 
significant geographic variation. 

TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Yabe et al. (1936). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Red Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to Japan. 


247 


FAMILY MUSSIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., Tanegashima, 
Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Acanthastrea lordhowensis 
Veron and Pichon, 1982 


Not recorded on the GBR and generally uncommon elsewhere in Australia, very rare 
in Japan except in higher latitudes. Coralla show no taxonomically significant geographic 
variation and have a very wide range of bright colours throughout the recorded distribution 


range. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Lord Howe I. (E Australia). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?E Africa and Hong Kong to E Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Flinders Reef, 
Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe Is., N New South Wales. 
W Australia: Dampier Arch. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Okinawa Is., Amami Is., Tanegashima, 
Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Izu. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: S Papua New Guinea. 


Acanthastrea amakusensis 
Veron, 1990 


Rare throughout the recorded Indo-Pacific distribution range where colonies are 
fleshy and brightly coloured, green or red. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1990c, 1991a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Japan. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Indonesia to Vanuatu. 


248 


FAMILY MUSSIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Central GBR 
(not previously recorded). 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Yaeyama Is., Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., 
Kushimoto, Shirahama, Izu. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vanuatu. 


Acanthastrea ishigakiensis 
Veron, 1990 


Coralla from Vanuatu and the Cook Is. have more widely spaced, more strongly 
dentate septa than those from the Philippines and Japan. Coralla from Vanuatu and one from 
the Cook Is. have well developed ambulacral grooves between corallites and some septa are 
greatly thickened towards the corallite walls. Coralla from the Philippines have fine 
ambulacral ridges between corallites and Philippines coralla (especially) have more 
numerous septa and finer dentations. These are clear geographic, as distinct from 


environment-correlated, variations. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1990c, 1991a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Ryukyu Is., Japan. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to the Cook Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Tanegashima, 
Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vanuatu, Cook Is. 


Genus Lobophyllia 


de Blainville, 1830 


Lobophyllia hemprichii 
(Ehrenberg, 1834) 


The most common Lobophyllia of the recorded Indo-west Pacific, uncommon Cocos 
(Keeling) Atoll, shows little or no taxonomically significant geographic variation. 


249 


FAMILY MUSSIDAE 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Red Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to Pitcairn Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn 
and Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Lord Howe Is. 
W Australia: NW Shelf reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., 
Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reefs, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama ls., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Thailand, Cocos 
(Keeling) Atoll, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


Lobophyllia diminuta 
Veron, 1985 


Sometimes common in Vanuatu, rare elsewhere throughout the recorded 


distribution range. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1985, 1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Thailand to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Pompey 
and Swain Reefs. 
W Australia: Ningaloo Reefs. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Vanuatu. 


250 


FAMILY MUSSIDAE 


Lobophyllia corymbosa 
(Forskal, 1775) 


Common on the GBR and in Vanuatu, generally uncommon in W Australia. There is 
less difference between this species and L. hemprichii at all W Australian locations than on the 
E coast, primarily because septal dentations are less easily contrasted. This suggests the 
presence of geographic subspecies. Uncommon in the Ryukyu Is., rare at Tanegashima. Has 
the same appearance in situ throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range 
where it exhibits little growth form variation and is usually blue-grey in colour. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Red Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn 
and Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Moreton Bay. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Kimberley coast Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, 
Ningaloo Reefs, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima. | 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Malaysia, 

Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


Lobophyllia pachysepta 
Chevalier, 1975 


Uncommon on the GBR and in Vanuatu. Exsert septo-costae are the same yellow 
colour throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Chevalier (1975), Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Coral Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Maldive Is. to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn 
and Bunker Reefs, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs. 


251 


FAMILY MUSSIDAE 


W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, Malaysia, Vanuatu. 


Lobophyllia hatatt 
Yabe, Sugiyama and Eguchi 1936 


Uncommon throughout W Australia, but more abundant than on the east coast 
where it is rare. Generally rare throughout the recorded Indo- west Pacific distribution range, 


but very distinctive. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Palau. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Saudi Arabia to New Caledonia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf reefs, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef Tract, 
Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Thailand, 

Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, New Caledonia. 


Lobophyllia robusta 
Yabe, Sugiyama and Eguchi, 1936 


Uncommon throughout the recorded distribution range, but in the Philippines and 
Japan, sometimes forms conspicuous colonies over 2m diameter. Very large colonies have not 
been found on the GBR, but Lobophyllia sp. from E Australia of Veron et al. (1980) is probably 
this species. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Yabe et al. (1936), Veron and Pichon (1980) (Lobophyllia sp.). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Japan. 


DISTRIBUTION: 


Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Papua New Guinea. 


252. 


FAMILY MUSSIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, N and 
Central GBR 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Tanegashima, 
Amami Is., Tanegashima, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: S Papua New Guinea. 


Genus Symphyllia 


Edwards and Haime, 1848 


Symphyllia wilsoni 


Veron, 1985 


A distinctive species restricted to SW Australia. Seldom found with other corals; rare 
at the Houtman Abrolhos Is., most commonly found on kelp- or Sargassum-dominated 
coastal exposed rock surfaces. Only Coscinaraea marshae has a similar distribution range, 


although habitat preferences are different. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1985, 1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Houtman Abrolhos Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: SW Australia only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is., SW coastal 
locations S to Geographe Bay, thence E to Bremer Bay on the S coast. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Symphyllia recta 
(Dana, 1846) 


Generally common throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range 


and shows little geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 


253 


FAMILY MUSSIDAE 


TYPE LOCALITY: Wake I. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?E Africa and Maldive Is. to Marshall Is. 


and Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn 
and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tosashimizu. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Thailand, 


Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


Symphyllia radians 


Edwards and Haime, 1849 


Probably less common than S. recta throughout most of the recorded Central Indo- 
Pacific distribution range. Has a similar range of variation and the same appearance 1m sifu in 
the GBR, Philippines and Ryukyu Is., but at Tanegashima, where it is rare, colonies are small, 


encrusting, and brick- or bright red in colour. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: “East Indies”. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to Fiji. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Solitary Is. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Ningaloo Reefs. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Thailand, 


Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


254 


FAMILY MUSSIDAE 


Symphyllia agaricia 
Edwards and Haime, 1849 


Generally common in Vanuatu and E and W Australia, uncommon in the Ryukyu Is. 
except in isolated locations; rare at Tanegashima. Has a similar range of variation throughout 
the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn 
and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf reefs, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reefs. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Thailand, 

Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


Symphyllia valenciennes1 
Edwards and Haime, 1849 


Common in Vanuatu, but generally rare elsewhere in the recorded Central Indo- 
Pacific distribution range. Colonies at the Ryukyu Is. are mostly grey and have a similar 
range of variation as in the Philippines and the GBR. Colonies in mainland Japan are 
distinctive, with thick, fleshy polyps of a wide range of colours, including brown, red, blue, 
grey and green. There is some doubt that Ryukyu Is. and mainland colonies are the same 
species. The latter are distinguished, at least, as a geographic sub-species. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Singapore. 
DISTRIBUTION: 


Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Saudi Arabia and Aldabra to Vanuatu and 


?Tonga. 


255 


FAMILY MUSSIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, 
Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf reefs, Dampier Arch. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Thailand, 


Malaysia, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


256 


14 
Family 
Merulinidae 
Verrill, 1866 


The five genera in this family have all been recorded in the Central Indo-Pacific. It is 
represented by only one species at Cocos (Keeling) Atoll and two at Christmas I. (Indian 
Ocean). Boninastrea has been recorded in Indonesia (Borel Best pers. comm.) and the 
Ogasawara Is. of Japan (type locality of B. boniniensis), but the genus has not been found in 
the Philippines or elsewhere in Japan. 


Genus Hydnophora 


Fischer de Waldheim, 1807 


Of the five species recorded from the Central Indo-Pacific, H. pilosa and H. grandis 
may be difficult to recognise unless they occur with the two common species they resemble 
(H. exesa and H. rigida, respectively). 

Taxonomic note: This genus was formerly placed in Family Faviidae. 


Hydnophora rigida 
(Dana, 1846) 


Common in Vanuatu and tropical Australian locations, especially in lagoons and on 
protected reef slopes, but absent in higher latitudes. Common also in Philippines where it 
may form monospecific stands on upper reef slopes and on reef flats. Coralla from the latter 
biotopes have very compacted branches and small and compacted monticules, whereas 
coralla from deeper or turbid biotopes have a lax branching pattern and larger, more widely 
spaced monticules. What geographic variability there may be is masked by these 


environment-correlated variations. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: E Africa to Fiji. 


257 


FAMILY MERULINIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 


Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef 


Tract, 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Vietnam, Indonesia, 


Malaysia, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Hydnophora grandis 
Gardiner, 1904 


May be more widespread than recorded below as it is reliably separated from H. 


rigida only if both species occur together. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Gardiner (1904). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Maldive Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Maldive Is. to Philippines. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Indonesia. 


Hydnophora pilosa 


Veron, 1985 


Common at the Houtman Abrolhos Is., uncommon elsewhere. Difficult to 
distinguish from H. exesa, except where both species occur together. Is relatively abundant in 
higher latitudes of Australia. 

TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1985, 1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Elizabeth Reef (E Australia). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: W Australia to Vanuatu. 


258 


FAMILY MERULINIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef 
Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea. 


Hydnophora bonsai 
Japan, Veron, 1990 


Apparently a high-latitude endemic of Japan. Growth form is similar to H. exesa but 
is finer, with relatively stunted branches. Could have been considered a geographic sub- 
species of H. exesa had not these two species been found to occur together. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1990c, 1991a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Japan. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: mainland Japan only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, 
Shirahama, Izu. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Hydnophora exesa 
(Pallas, 1766) 


Common throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range except in 
Vanuatu and the Ryukyu Is. where it is uncommon. Tentacles are usually retracted during 
the day in the Ryukyu Is., but are usually extended in mainland locations. Usually pale 
coloured in the Ryukyu Is., but may be green, red or brown at Shirahama. Usually has a very 
wide range of growth forms, most of which are clearly environment- correlated. Little 
taxonomically significant geographic variation in growth form has been recorded. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: “India Ocean”. 


259 


FAMILY MERULINIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea , The Gulf and E Africa to Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Flinders 
Reef, Moreton Bay, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe L., Solitary Is. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., 
Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama, Izu, 
Tateyama. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, 

Hong Kong, Vietnam, Indonesia, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Hydnophora microconos 
(Lamarck, 1816) 


Seldom common in the recorded Central Indo-Pacific except on upper reef slopes of 
Vanuatu. Shows little variation, either environment- correlated or geographic. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Flinders 
Reef, Solitary Is. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Kimberley coast, Broome, Dampier Arch., 
Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Cocos (Keeling) 
Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Genus Paraclavarina 
Veron, 1985 


Taxonomic note: This genus was formerly Clavarina, now considered invalid. 


260 


FAMILY MERULINIDAE 


Paraclavarina triangularis 
Veron and Pichon, 1980 


Environment-correlated variation includes density of branching, in a manner similar 
to that of H. rigida. Has been studied only in the GBR where no taxonomically significant 
geographic variation has been recorded. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Malaysia to E Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, 
N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Indonesia, N Papua New Guinea, 


S Papua New Guinea. 


Genus Merulina 
Ehrenberg, 1834 


Merulina ampliata 
(Ellis and Solander, 1786) 


Common and widespread throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution 
range except at Vanuatu where it is uncommon. Has a wide range of variation, including 
colonies being composed entirely of tiers of plates to colonies being composed primarily of 
irregular branches. In tropical locations, the latter growth form predominates, while in 
higher latitude Australian and Japanese locations, plate-like colonies predominate. There 
remains a possibility that at least some of the plate-like colonies are a separate species. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to Kiribati. 


261 


FAMILY MERULINIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn 
and Bunker Reefs, Lord Howe I. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., 
Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, 
Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Merulina scabricula 
Dana, 1846 


Much less common than M. ampliata on the GBR, but relatively common in Vanuatu 
and tropical W Australia. Restricted to tropical locations in Australia. Common in the 
Ryukyu Is., rare at Tanegashima where colonies consist only of flat sheets which are a dark 
yellowish- orange. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Mergui Arch. to Fiji. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, 

Indonesia, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


262 


FAMILY MERULINIDAE 


Genus Scapophyllia 


| Edwards and Haime, 1848 


Scapophyllia cylindrica 


(Edwards and Haime, 1848) 


Generally uncommon throughout most of the recorded Central Indo- Pacific 
distribution range. Colonies from Australia are brown or brownish-green in colour and 
consist of encrusting plates which develop columns. Well-developed colonies are entirely 
columnar. Japanese colonies are mostly smaller, pillow-like, and pale grey in colour. There 
are no taxonomically significant differences in skeletal detail between Japanese and 


Australian coralla, but geographic subspecies can be distinguished. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: South China Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Andaman Is. to Fiji. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 

Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn 

and Bunker Reefs. 

W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, Ningaloo 

Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Taiwan, 


N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


263 


15 
Family 


Favudae 
Gregory, 1900 


The Faviidae contains more genera than any other scleractinian family and is second 
only to the Acroporidae in number of species and overall abundance throughout the Indo- 
Pacific. With few exceptions the genera are well-defined and widely distributed. Two Indo- 
Pacific genera (Favia and Montastrea), also occur in the Atlantic and two others (Astreosmilia 
and Erythrastrea) are restricted to the western Indian Ocean. 

Most species are widely distributed, both longitudinally and latitudinally. They 
usually exhibit less inter-regional variation than other major groups of corals and this, combined 
with the rarity of endemic species, gives a relatively uniform Central Indo-Pacific fauna. 

Some species of faviids are restricted to intertidal habitats and upper reef slopes, but 
most occur over a wide range of environments. These species have a similar, correspondingly 
wide, range of skeletal variation. Coralla from high energy environments exposed to strong 
sunlight have heavily calcified skeletal structures and compact corallites. Those from deep or 
turbid-water, with poorly illuminated environments, are always lightly calcified and have 
relatively small corallites, widely separated by blistery coenosteum. This similarity in 
response to environmental gradients frequently results in coralla of different species from the 
same environment looking superficially more alike than coralla of the same species from 
very different environments. 

Geographic variation within species is greatest between high latitudes and tropical 
locations, coralla from different tropical regions frequently showing minimal morphological 
differences. There may be, however, major differences in the relative abundances of species 
in different tropical regions. Coralla from high latitude regions are usually heavily calcified, 
accentuating the skeletal characteristics found in coralla from shallow-water tropical habitats. 

Because of their solid construction and wide geographic distribution, most faviid 


genera are readily preserved as fossils and have a good fossil record. 


265 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


Genus Caulastrea 
Dana, 1846 


The four species listed below are well-defined and are probably the full species 
complement of the genus. One of the three species of W Australia is restricted to the NW 
Shelf reefs, the second to the Kimberley coast (a new record, Marsh pers. comm.) while the 
third is widespread in coastal locations. The two species of the Ryukyu Is. co- occur, while all 
four species extend from the GBR to the Philippines. 

Caulastrea tumida is most commonly found in turbid water, and occurs commonly in 
high latitude non-reefal environments of Japan, while the other species are typically found in 


clear-water reefal environments. 


Caulastrea echinulata 
(Edwards and Haime, 1949) 


Uncommon throughout the recorded distribution range. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Singapore. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Singapore to E Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, 
N and Central GBR. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, S Papua 
New Guinea. 


Caulastrea furcata 
Dana, 1846 


Restricted to NW Shelf reefs of W Australia where colonies are indistinguishable 
from those from the GBR. Uncommon on the GBR, rare in Vanuatu, generally common in the 
Ryukyu Is., forming extensive compact colonies in exposed biotopes. Some Japanese coralla, 
especially those from shallow biotopes, may become plocoid in growth form. Brown with 
yellowish exsert septa throughout the recorded distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


266 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: E Africa to Fiji and Tonga. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, N Papua 
New Guinea, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


Caulastrea curvata 
Wijsman-Best, 1972 


Generally uncommon throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution 
range. Recorded from a single outcrop in the Ryukyu Is. and only from the Kimberley coast 
of NW Australia. Shows little environment- correlated or taxonomically significant 
geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: New Caledonia. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Indonesia and W Australia to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR. 
W Australia: Kimberley coast. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Okinawa ls. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Indonesia, N Papua New Guinea, New 
Caledonia, Vanuatu. 


Caulastrea tumida 
Matthai, 1928 


Rare on the GBR but by far the most common Caulastrea on the W Australian coast, 
where it occurs in turbid water south to the Houtman Abrolhos Is. Generally uncommon in 
the Ryukyu Is., where it occurs in similar environments becoming relatively more common 
in mainland Japan. In Japan and the Philippines, colonies may be sub-plocoid, even plocoid. 
Environment-correlated growth form variations overshadow possible taxonomically 
significant geographic variations within the tropical Central Indo-Pacific. 


267 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Singapore. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to E Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: N and Central GBR, Coral Sea. 
W Australia: Kimberley coast, Lacepede Is., Dampier Archipelago, Pilbara 
coast, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama, Tateyama. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, N Papua 
New Guinea. 


Genus Favia 
Oken, 1815 


One of the most widely distributed of all coral genera, in both the Indo-Pacific and 
Atlantic. Individual species are also very widely distributed in the Central Indo-Pacific and 
many have distribution limits extending to, and beyond, the latitudinal limits of reefs. Four 
undescribed species are included in the present account but several additional probable 
species are omitted as these require further study. 


Favia stelligera 
(Dana, 1846) 


Common throughout E Australia, Vanuatu and at Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, generally 
uncommon in Japan. Usually restricted to exposed biotopes. Coralla from intertidal 
environments may have very modified skeletal characteristics. Coralla show no 
taxonomically significant geographic variation. 

TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to Pitcairn Is. 


268 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Moreton Bay, Solitary Is. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Archipelago, Pilbara coast, 
Ningaloo Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Cocos 
(Keeling) Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Favia laxa 
(Klunzinger, 1879) 


Uncommon or rare throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 
Shows little environment-correlated variation. Coralla from the GBR, Philippines and Japan 
show little or no taxonomically significant geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Red Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, N 
and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Tanegashima, 
Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, 


Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, S Papua New Guinea. 


Favia helianthoides 
Wells, 1954 


Uncommon or rare throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 
The full range of skeletal variation has not been determined but coralla from the GBR, 
Philippines and Japan show little or no taxonomically significant geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wells (1954), Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Marshall Is. 


269 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Saudi Arabia to Marshall Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef, Ningaloo Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Tosashimizu, 
Amakusa Is., Kushimoto. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Indonesia, Vanuatu. 


Favia pallida 
(Dana, 1846) 


Common over a wide range of habitats throughout the tropical Central Indo-Pacific 
and the most common faviid of eastern Australia. Common throughout the Ryukyu Is. and 
Tanegashima, uncommon further north. Lack of conservative skeletal characters may make 
this species difficult to distinguish from F. speciosa and perhaps other species unless they 
occur together (in which case there are usually readily separated) or other identification aids, 
such as colour, are used. Corallites of GBR, Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, Philippine and Ryukyu Is. 
colonies usually have dark calices. Colonies in mainland Japan have a wider range of 


colours. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea, The Gulf and E Africa to Samoa 
and French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe I. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Archipelago, 
Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong i 
Kong, Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


270 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


Favia speciosa 
(Dana, 1846) 


Much less common than F. pallida in Australia, Vanuatu and Japan except in high 
latitude non-reefal locations. Great Barrier Reef and Ryukyu Is. colonies have uniform 
colours, usually pale brown, whereas high latitude coastal Australian and mainland Japan 
colonies are often more colourful. Japanese coralla have a similar range of variation as those 
from the Philippines and GBR except that corallites tend to be smaller. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1982) and Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: “East Indies”. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, N 
and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Moreton Bay, 
Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe I. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo 
Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama, Izu, 
Tateyama. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Hong 


Kong, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Favia favus 
(Forskal, 1775) 


Common throughout W Australia south to the Houtman Abrolhos Is. and the only 
Favia to extend to more southern locations. Generally uncommon in Vanuatu and the 
Ryukyu Is. but common in mainland Japan. Coralla show no taxonomically significant 
geographic variation. Has a wide range of colours, either uniform colours, or with oral discs 
and walls of different colours. Is relatively dark in high latitude locations. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Red Sea. 
DISTRIBUTION: 


Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to Marshall Is. and 
French Polynesia. 


271 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Solitary Is. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Archipelago, 
Shark Bay region, Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is., 
SW coastal locations S to Cockburn Sound. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong 
Kong, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Favia danae 
Verrill, 1872 


Common in some Ryukyu I. locations where colonies are usually mottled green, 
yellow-green and brown. Uncommon at Tanegashima where colonies are mostly dark 
colours. Further study is likely to indicate that this species is much more widespread than 


indicated below. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Yabe et al. (1936), although the illustrations are not clearly 
this species. 


TYPE LOCALITY: Tonga. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to ?Tonga. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs 
(not previously recorded). 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Tanegashima, 
Tosashimizu. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Favia matthat 
Vaughan, 1918 


Generally common throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range 
except at Cocos (Keeling) Atoll where it is uncommon. Coralla show no taxonomically 
significant geographic variation and colonies have a similarly wide colour range. 


ase 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: “Western Indian Ocean”. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and Madagascar to Pitcairn Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Archipelago, Ningaloo Reef Tract, 
Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Cocos 
(Keeling) Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Favia sp. Vanuatu 


Uncommon, but occurs over a wide range of environments. Is structurally very 
similar to Favia rotumana but corallites are approximately half the size. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1990a). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Vanuatu only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 


Philippines - Japan: not found. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Favia rotumana 
(Gardiner, 1899) 


Generally uncommon in Eand W Australia, rare in the Ryukyu Is. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


273 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Mozambique and Gulf of Oman to Samoa 


and Pitcairn Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe I. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Archipelago. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Hong Kong, 

Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, S Papua New Guinea. 


Favia sp. W Australia 
A distinctive species known only from Rowley Shoals. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron and Marsh (1988) (as Favia sp. 1). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: W Australia only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: Rowley Shoals. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Favia maxima 
Veron, Pichon and Wijsman-Best, 1972 


Uncommon throughout the recorded distribution range. There may be 
taxonomically significant inter-regional variation in this species. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Chagos and Thailand to E Australia. 


274 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, 
Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Elizabeth and 
Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Archipelago, Ningaloo Reefs, 
Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Shirahama. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, 

N Papua New Guinea. 


Favia rotundata 
(Veron, Pichon and Wijsman-Best, 1972). 


Generally uncommon throughout the recorded distribution range. Colonies from 
tropical W and E Australian coasts are a distinctive grey and orange colour, those from the 
Abrolhos Is. are creamy-grey and those from the Ryukyu Is. are sometimes greenish-yellow. 
Ryukyu Is. coralla have slightly smaller corallites than usual in GBR coralla. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Red Sea, Malaysia and W Australia to 


Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, N 
and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Cartier Reef, Scott Reef, Dampier Archipelago, 
Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Tanegashima, 
Kushimoto. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, 

Vanuatu. 


275 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


Favia lizardensis 
Veron, Pichon and Wijsman-Best, 1972 


Common in Vanuatu and the GBR, uncommon in W Australia. Always pinkish- 
brown with cream or green oral discs on the GBR and in Japan, commonly a uniform grey in 
tropical W Australia and a uniform brown at the Houtman Abrolhos Is. Generally 
uncommon in Japan except at Tanegashima where it is common. Coralla show no 
taxonomically significant geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Red Sea to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, N 
and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Archipelago, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Izu. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Hong 

Kong, Vanuatu. 


Favia veroni 
Moll and Borel-Best, 1984 


Uncommon throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. Coralla 
show no taxonomically significant geographic variation. Pale coloured in the Ryukyu Is., 
usually dark in Japan mainland locations. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977) (as Favia sp. 2), Moll and Borel-Best (1984), 
Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Indonesia and W Australia to Vanuatu. 


276 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, N 


and Central GBR. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Dampier Archipelago, Pilbara coast, Houtman 
Abrolhos Is. 


Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, Indonesia, Vanuatu. 


Favia maritima 
(Nemenzo, 1971) 


Generally uncommon throughout the recorded distribution range. Coralla show no 
taxonomically significant geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Nemenzo (1971), Veron et al. (1977) (as Favia sp. 1), Veron 
(1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: E Africa to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, N and Central 
GBR, Flinders Reef. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, 
Vanuatu. 


Favia sp. Papua New Guinea 


Common in Papua New Guinea but not recorded elsewhere. Corallites are similar to 


F. pallida but smaller. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron and Kelley (1988) (as Favia sp. 1). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Papua New Guinea and Torres Strait only. 


277 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Fava sp. Thailand 


Rare; originally recorded from Thailand, then from two coralla from Japan. This may 
be the same species as Favia sp. of Veron and Hodgson (1989) from the Philippines. Coralla 
are primarily characterised by small corallites (4 - 5.5mm diameter) with fine, neat, septa and 


a columella crown. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron and Hodgson (1989). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Possibly Thailand to Japan. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand. 


Genus Barabattoia 
Yabe and Sugiyama, 1941 


This is an ill-defined genus possibly containing four species, only one of which has 
been encountered during the present study. 


Barabattota amicorum 
(Edwards and Haime, 1850) 


Generally uncommon throughout the recorded distribution range except for some 
turbid water biotopes of the Houtman Abrolhos Is. Coralla show no taxonomically 
significant geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a) (as “Favia amicorum 
complex”). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Tonga. 


278 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Mozambique to ?French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: Kimberley coast, Dampier Archipelago, Ningaloo Reef Tract, 
Houtman Abrolhos Is., SW coastal locations S to Fremantle. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong 
Kong, Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Genus Favtites 
Link, 1807 


As with Favia, there are likely to be more Favites species on most Central Indo- 
Pacific reefs than have so far been studied. 

The distribution range Indo-Pacific Favites is similar to that of Favia. Favites is 
particularly common in higher latitudes, occurring on the SW and SE Australian and Japan 
mainland coast, well south of the southern limits of reefs. As with Favia, most species are 
widely and uniformly spread, with many minor regional differences in colour, skeletal detail 
and abundance. 

Coralla of most species from high latitudes are heavily calcified with thick septa and 
elongate septal dentations. Such coralla are readily distinguished from, but intergrade with, 


coralla from tropical locations. 


Favites chinensis 
(Verrill, 1866) 


Uncommon in Australia, sometimes common in Japan, especially at Tanegashima 
where it forms large colonies. Coralla show no taxonomically significant geographic 
variation. 

TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Hong Kong. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and ?E Africa to Samoa. 


aro 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, N 
and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and 
Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Kimberley coast, Dampier Archipelago, 
Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: N Papua New Guinea, Malaysia, 


Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


Favites abdita 
(Ellis and Solander, 1786) 


Common over the recorded Indo-west Pacific distribution range except for Cocos 
(Keeling) Atoll where it is uncommon. Found in a very wide range of habitats and has a 
similarly wide range of variation, none of which appears to be taxonomically significant. 
Usually honey or cream coloured in tropical latitudes; colonies from higher latitudes 
(including temperate coastal Australia and mainland Japan) have a wider range of darker 


(grey, green and brown) colours. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Flinders 
Reef, Moreton Bay, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe I., Solitary 
Is., N coastal New South Wales S to Forster. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef, Kimberley coast, Dampier 
Archipelago, Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, 
Houtman Abrolhos Is., SW coastal locations S to Geographe Bay. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama, Izu. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong 
Kong, Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


280 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


Favites halicora 
(Ehrenberg, 1834) 


An ill-defined species which is difficult to distinguish from F. abdita unless both 
species occur together. Generally uncommon except in W Australia, especially on upper reef 
slopes of the Houtman Abrolhos Is. Coralla show no taxonomically significant geographic 
variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Red Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to Loyalty Is. and Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Moreton 
Bay, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Solitary Is. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Archipelago, 
Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is., Marmian region. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa ls. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Singapore, Vietnam, Indonesia, 


Malaysia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Favites flexuosa 
(Dana, 1846) 


Generally common in E and W Australia and the Ryukyu Is., uncommon in 
Vanuatu. Coralla show no taxonomically significant geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to French Polynesia. 


281 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Flinders 
Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe I., N coastal New South 
Wales, Solitary Is. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Kimberley coast, Dampier Archipelago, 
Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is., SW coastal locations S to 
Cockburn Sound. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama, Izu. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, 


Indonesia, Hong Kong, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Favites complanata 
(Ehrenberg, 1834) 


Generally common in E and W Australia and Vanuatu, uncommon in Japan except 
Tanegashima where it is common. Japanese colonies are usually uniform pale grey, brown or 
cream in colour, except at Tanegashima where they have a wide colour range. Coralla show 
no taxonomically significant geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Red Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Lord Howe I. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., 
Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is., SW coastal 
locations S to Geographe Bay. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama, Izu. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, 
Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


282 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


Favites pentagona 
(Esper, 1794) 


Common throughout tropical E and W Australia, the Ryukyu Is. and Tanegashima, 
where it has a wide range of uniform or mottled colours, pale brown or cream being the most 
common. Generally uncommon in Vanuatu and mainland Japan where colonies are usually 
encrusting and have a very wide range of pale or bright colour combinations. Coralla show 
no taxonomically significant geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: “East Indies”. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea, The Gulf and E Africa to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Flinders 
Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Archipelago, 
Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is., 
SW coastal locations S to Lancelin, Researche Archipelago. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama, Izu. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Cocos (Keeling) 
Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Favites stylifera 
Yabe and Sugiyama, 1937 


Probably rare. The only recorded colour is cream. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Yabe and Sugiyama, 1937. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Japan only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 

W Australia: not found. 

Philippines - Japan: Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


283 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


Favites russelli 
(Wells, 1954) 


Rare throughout the Ryukyu Is, but common in mainland Japan. Coralla show no 


taxonomically significant geographic variation. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Marshall Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to Marshall Is. and 
?French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Lord Howe I., Solitary Is. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, 
Houtman Abrolhos Is., SW coastal locations S to Cockburn Sound. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, 
Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Favites sp. W Australia 


This is a distinctive species only recorded from W Australia and having 
characteristics of both Favites and Favia. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron and Marsh (1988) (as Favites sp. 1). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: W Australia only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


284 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


Genus Gontastrea 
Edwards and Haime, 1848 


For most Goniastrea species, there are significant differences in colour and/or 
skeletal detail, between colonies from temperate and tropical locations. Often the dominant 
corals of intertidal mudflats, rock platforms and some outer reef flats. Includes some of the 
most tolerant of all coral species to emersion, the same species occurring in intertidal 
environments throughout the Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 

Most species are well-defined and widely distributed, showing little taxonomically 
significant geographic variation. Environment-correlated variation may reach extremes in 
some intertidal habitats where, for example, normally cerioid species may develop colonies 
with meandroid upper surfaces. 


Goniastrea retiformis 
(Lamarck, 1816) 


Generally common in shallow, exposed biotopes of most of the recorded Central 
Indo-Pacific distribution range except Tanegashima, where it is rare. Coralla show no 
taxonomically significant geographic variations. Usually pale orange-brown throughout its 
range, but in Japan may be bright green where light is limiting. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Archipelago, 
Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is., SW coastal 
locations S to Port Gregory. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, 

Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


285 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


Goniastrea edwardsi 
Chevalier, 1971 


Common in most tropical localities where it occupies the same biotopes as G. 


retiformis. Coralla show no taxonomically significant geographic variation. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Seychelles Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Red Sea and E Africa to Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Pilbara coast, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef 
Tract, Shark Bay, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tosashimizu. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, 


Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Goniastrea deformis 
Veron, 1990 


Uncommon and may be endemic to high latitude locations of Japan. Paliform lobes 
are usually well developed, but this, as with other Goniastrea species, is variable and some 
coralla, especially those from Kushimoto, have only weakly formed paliform lobes and 
hence a Favites- like appearance. Some coralla from Kushimoto have some development of a 
‘groove and tubercle’ formation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1990c, 1991a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Japan. 


DISTRIBUTION: 


Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: mainland Japan only. 


286 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, 
Shirahama, Izu, Tateyama. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Gontastrea aspera 
(Verrill, 1865) 


Generally common in E and W Australia, especially on intertidal reef flats of NW 
Shelf reefs, generally uncommon in the Ryukyu Is. Morphological variation, especially in the 
development of the paliform lobes, is not always correlated with environment and further 
study may reveal the presence of a second species. Uniform pale to dark orange- brown 
throughout the recorded distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Hong Kong. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?E Africa and Mergui Arch. to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, N and Central 
GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef, Kimberley coast, Dampier 
Archipelago, Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman 
Abrolhos Is., SW coastal localities. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Kushimoto, Izu. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong 

Kong, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Goniastrea favulus 
(Dana, 1846) 


Uncommon or rare throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range 


except for some intertidal tropical biotopes. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


287 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Lakshadweep Is. to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, N and Central GBR, 
Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, 
Lord Howe I. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef, Dampier Archipelago, Pilbara 
coast, Shark Bay region, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama, Izu. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, Indonesia, N Papua New 


Guinea, Hong Kong, Vanuatu. 


Goniastrea pectinata 
(Ehrenberg, 1834) 


Generally uncommon in Japan, common in Vanuatu and Australia, especially on 
upper reef slopes and flats and shallow lagoons. Usually the same pale pinkish-brown 
throughout the tropics, but may be dark colours in mainland Japan. Coralla show no 
taxonomically significant geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Red Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and ?E Africa to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe L., 
Solitary Is. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Archipelago, 
Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, 

Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


288 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


Goniastrea australensis 
(Edwards and Haime, 1857) 


Uncommon on the GBR and not recorded from the NW Shelf reefs of W Australia 
but common in coastal W Australian localities and higher latitude E Australia, rare 
throughout the Ryukyu Is. and the Amakusa Is., common at Shirahama and Kushimoto. 
Shows no taxonomically significant geographic variation. Some Australian coralla attributed 
to this species have very well developed ambulacral grooves above the walls: these may 
represent a distinct species. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: “Australia”. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to Pitcairns Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: 5 Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe L, 
N coastal New South Wales S to Forster, Solitary Is. 
W Australia: Kimberley coast, Dampier Archipelago, Ningaloo Reef Tract, 
Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is., SW coastal locations S to 
Geographe Bay. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu ?, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama, Izu. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Vietnam, Taiwan, N Papua 


New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Goniastrea sp. W Australia 


Recorded only from the Houtman Abrolhos Is. Coralla attributed to this species 


have skeletal characters close to G. australensis but are monocentric. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron and Marsh (1988) (Goniastrea sp.). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: W Australia only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


289 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


Goniastrea palauensis 
(Yabe and sugiyama, 1936) 


Seldom common but occupies a wide range of biotopes. There is considerable 
skeletal variation in the degree of development of paliform lobes, this does not seem to vary 
geographically. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Palau. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: 
?Aldabra and W Australia to E Australia and ? Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, 
Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef, Dampier Archipelago, Ningaloo 
Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is., Marmian region. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, 

Indonesia. 


Genus Platygyra 


Ehrenberg, 1834 


The eight species of Central Indo-Pacific Platygyra recognised in this study all have 
similar skeletal characters. All show similar skeletal modifications along environmental 
gradients and some, especially P. daedalea and P. lamellina, may be difficult to distinguish 
unless they are collected from the same biotope. 


Platygyra daedalea 
(Ellis and Solander, 1786) 


Common in Vanuatu, the GBR and W Australia, rare throughout the Ryukyu Is. and 
at the Amakusa Is., common at Shirahama and Kushimoto. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


290 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: 
Red Sea, The Gulf and E Africa to Marshall Is. and French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, N 
and Central GBR , Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, 
Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe L., Solitary Is. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Archipelago, 
Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama, Izu. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong 
Kong, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Platygyra lamellina 
(Ehrenberg, 1834) 


Common in the Houtman Abrolhos Is., but generally uncommon in Vanuatu, 
tropical Australia and the Ryukyu Is. Coralla show no taxonomically significant geographic 


variation. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Red Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, N 
and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, 
Moreton Bay, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Solitary Is. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef, Kimberley coast, Dampier 
Archipelago, Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman 
Abrolhos Is., SW coastal locations S to Geraldton. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, 


Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


291 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


Platygyra sinensis 
(Edwards and Haime, 1849) 


Common in Vanuatu, the GBR and tropical W Australia, generally uncommon in 
Japan. Shows no taxonomically significant geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: “China Sea”. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to Vanuatu and ?Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Archipelago, 
Ningaloo Reef Tract, Port Gregory region. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Kushimoto. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong 

Kong, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Platygyra ryukyuensis 
Yabe and Sugiyama, 1935 


Common in S Papua New Guinea, uncommon in most locations throughout the 
recorded distribution range. Has a similar range of variation in Japan the Philippines. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Yabe et al. (1936). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Japan. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: W Australia to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Central GBR 
(new record). 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef, Ningaloo Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vanuatu. 


ys 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


Platygyra pini 
Chevalier, 1975 


Common in most tropical localities and probably the most common Platygyra of 
Japan. Has a similar range of variation throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific 
distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Chevalier (1975), Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Chesterfield Reefs. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Malaysia and W Australia to French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, N 
and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Archipelago, Pilbara coast, 
Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, 

Indonesia, Hong Kong, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Platygyra contorta 
Veron, 1990 


Generally uncommon in Vanuatu and the Ryukyu Is., becoming common in 
mainland Japan, also some equatorial countries. No taxonomically significant geographic 
variation as been determined, all variation in the species being environment-correlated or 


correlated to position on the colony. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1990c). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is, Kushimoto, Shirahama, Izu. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vanuatu. 


293 


fhe eh cnet stg eee He Eo FAVIIDAE 


Platygyra verweyt 
Wijsman-Best, 1976 


Uncommon or rare throughout the known Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 
Living colonies have the same appearance in the Philippines as Japan; skeletal variations 
have not been studied. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Thailand to Indonesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Archipelago, 
Ningaloo Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Indonesia. 


Platygyra yaeyamaensis 
(Eguchi and Shirai, 1977) 


Probably endemic to the Ryukyu Is. where it is rare. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Shirai (1980), Veron (1991a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Ryukyu Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Ryukyu Is. only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


294 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


Genus Australogyra 
Veron and Pichon, 1982 


This is a well-defined monospecific genus. 


Australogyra zelli 
(Veron, Pichon and Wijsman-Best, 1972) 


Generally uncommon on protected fringing reefs, rare elsewhere. Shows no 
taxonomically significant variation throughout the recorded distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a) (as Platygyra zelli). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Indonesia to Solomon Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, N 
and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, Indonesia, S Papua New 


Guinea. 


Genus Leptoria 
Edwards and Haime, 1848 


Leptoria phrygia 
(Ellis and Solander, 1786) 


Common throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range except at 
Cocos (Keeling) Atoll where it is uncommon. Shows no taxonomically significant geographic 


variation. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: “Pacific Ocean”. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to French Polynesia. 


295 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Archipelago, Pilbara coast, 
Ningaloo Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Cocos 
(Keeling) Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Leptoria irregularis 
Veron, 1990 


Rare on the GBR, uncommon in the Ryukyu Is. and probably restricted to exposed 
habitats. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1990c, 1991a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Yaeyama Is., Japan. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to GBR. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: N GBR. 

W Australia: not found. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


296 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


Genus Oulophyllia 


Edwards and Haime, 1848 


Veron and Hodgson (1989) note that the possible validity of Coelogyra laevis 
Nemenzo as a third species of Oulophyllia requires further study. 


Oulophyllia crispa 
(Lamarck, 1816) 


Generally common in NW Australia, uncommon to rare in the GBR and Ryukyu Is. 
In the Philippines and Amakusa Is., colonies may have larger valleys than found in GBR 
colonies. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: “Indian Ocean”. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to Phoenix Is. and Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Archipelago, Ningaloo Reef Tract, 
Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, 
Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Oulophyllia bennettae 


(Veron, Pichon and Wijsman-Best, 1972) 


Common in Vanuatu and tropical Australia, rare in the Ryukyu Is. Colonies from 
Vanuatu, the GBR, Philippines and Japan are the same distinctive greenish-grey with pink 
oral discs, while W Australian colonies are usually a uniform grey. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a) (as Favites bennettae). 


TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


297, 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Malaysia to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, N 
and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Lord Howe I. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Pilbara coast, Dampier Arch. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, 
N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Genus Montastrea 
de Blainville, 1830 


A poorly defined genus. Species are mostly distinctive species within a given region, 
but over wider geographic ranges several have distinctive geographic subspecies of doubtful 
taxonomic affinity within the species. 


Montastrea curta 
(Dana, 1846) 


Very common on exposed upper reef slopes throughout the recorded Central Indo- 
Pacific. Colonies are primarily encrusting on upper reef slopes and reef flats of the Houtman 
Abrolhos Is. Corallites of coralla from mainland Japan are relatively large, otherwise they 
show no taxonomically significant variation. Usually orange-brown in the Ryukyu Is. and in 
deeper water of mainland Japan and dark brown in shallow water mainland locations. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and Madagascar to Pitcairn Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe L., 
Solitary Is. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Archipelago, 
Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is., 
SW coastal locations S to Port Gregory. 


298 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong 
Kong, Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Montastrea annuligera 
(Edwards and Haime, 1849) 


Generally rare throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 
Japanese coralla have more exsert and more dentate septa than those from the GBR 
indicating the presence of geographic subspecies. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: “Australia”. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, N 
and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, 
Flinders Reef. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Vanuatu. 


Montastrea multipunctata 
Hodgson, 1985 


Rare in Vanuatu and the Ryukyu Is. These colonies are similar to those from the 
Philippines. There remains some doubt about the validity of this species as distinct from M. 


annuligera. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Hodgson (1985). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found, 


209 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Tanegashima. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vanuatu. 


Montastrea magnistellata 
Chevalier, 1971 


Generally uncommon in Australia and the Ryukyu Is. Coralla show taxonomically 
significant geographic variations, indicating the presence of geographic subspecies. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: New Caledonia. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, N 
and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, 
Flinders Reef. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Archipelago, Pilbara coast, 
Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, 

Indonesia, N Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, Vanuatu. 


Montastrea valenciennesi 
(Edwards and Haime, 1848) 


Generally uncommon in Australian and the Ryukyu Is., common in mainland Japan. 
Usually found on exposed upper reef slopes of the Ryukyu Is., or on partly exposed rock 
faces of mainland Japan. Has a similar range of variation in Japan and the Philippines, but 
corallites are much smaller than usual in GBR coralla and, with other differences, indicate the 
presence of geographic subspecies. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 
DISTRIBUTION: 


Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Madagascar to Marshall Is. 


300 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Archipelago, 
Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, 

Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Genus Oulastrea 
Edwards and Haime, 1848 


A well-defined, monospecific genus. 


Oulastrea crispata 
(Lamarck, 1816) 


Generally uncommon throughout the known Central Indo-Pacific distribution range 
but very distinctive and found only in shallow water attached to wave-washed rock where 
few other corals occur. Colonies are always small, flat or dome-shaped and dark in colour 
except for the septal margins which are white. There is little environment-correlated 
variation and no taxonomically significant geographic variation. This is the most northerly 
distributed of all hermatypic corals, having being recorded from the Noto Peninsula of N 
Honshu, Japan (Yajima et al., 1986). 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Red Sea to Indonesia to Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: Kimberley coast. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama, Izu, 
Tateyama. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong 

Kong, Vietnam, Indonesia, N Papua New Guinea. 


301 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


Genus Plesiastrea 
Edwards and Haime, 1848 


Although there are nine nominal species of this genus, it is likely that there is only 


one valid species in the Central Indo-Pacific. 


Plesiastrea versipora 
(Lamarck, 1816) 


Generally uncommon but one of the most widely distributed corals and the only 
hermatypic species to occur around the entire Australian coastline. Coralla from S Australia 
were formerly called P. urvillei Edwards and Haime. Forms a distinctive subspecies which 
integrades with tropical coralla in a similar manner on both the E and W Australian coasts. 
Colonies are either brown or green in Australia, green colonies being more abundant in high 
latitudes, except at the Houtman Abrolhos Is. As far as is recorded, all colonies are cream, 
brown, grey or green elsewhere in the Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Red Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: 
Red Sea, The Gulf and E Africa to French Polynesia and Pitcairn I. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Moreton Bay, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, 
Lord Howe I., Solitary Is., Sydney, N and S coastal New South Wales and 
Victoria. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Archipelago, 
Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is., 
SW coastal locations S to Geographe Bay, thence E to Duke of Orleans Bay. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama, Izu, 
Tateyama. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Cocos 

(Keeling) Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


302 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


Genus Diploastrea 
Matthai, 1914 


A very distinctive monospecific genus. Several skeletal characters, notably 
alternating septa-costae which are very thickened in the region of the theca, indicate a major 
taxonomic separation from other Faviidae. 


Diploastrea heliopora 
(Lamarck, 1816) 


One of the most widely distributed of all species. It shows minimal variation of any 
kind. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Australia. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to Phoenix Is. and Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Archipelago, Ningaloo Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, 


Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


Genus Leptastrea 
Edwards and Haime, 1848 


As with Montastrea, several species of Leptastrea appear to have geographic 


subspecies. 


Leptastrea inaequalis 
Klunzinger, 1879 


Generally uncommon throughout the known Central Indo-Pacific distribution range 


and shows no taxonomically significant geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a) (as L. bottae). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Red Sea. 


303 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to Vanuatu and ?Hawaii. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Indonesia, Vanuatu. 


Leptastrea bottae 
(Edwards and Haime, 1849) 


Rare throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range except at 
Cocos (Keeling) Atoll where it is uncommon. 


Taxonomic note: The Leptastrea bottae of Veron et al. (1977) is L. inaequalis. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: The holotype is figured, Veron et al. (1977). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Red Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and Mozambique to W Australia 
and French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Ningaloo Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, Indonesia. 


Leptastrea purpurea 
(Dana, 1846) 


Common throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. Corallites 
of Japanese coralla are more uniform in size than usual in GBR coralla. Colonies at the 
Houtman Abrolhos Is. usually have tentacles extended during the day. 

TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wijsman-Best (1980), Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to Hawaii and Pitcairns Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Archipelago, 
Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama, Izu, 
Tateyama. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong 

Kong, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


Leptastrea transversa 
Klunzinger, 1879 


Generally uncommon throughout the known Central Indo-Pacific distribution range 
except at Vanuatu and Cocos (Keeling) Atoll where it is common and where colonies are 
greenish-yellow and have uniform corallites. These are more distinct from L. purpurea than is 
usual for GBR colonies. This species requires revision over a wide geographic range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Red Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea, The Gulf and E Africa to French 


Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe I. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Cocos 
(Keeling) Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


305 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


Leptastrea pruinosa 
Crossland, 1952 


Uncommon throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. Corallites 


are relatively small in Japanese coralla, indicating the presence of a geographic subspecies. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: E Africa to Pitcairn Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Elizabeth 
and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Archipelago, 
Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tosashimizu, Izu. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong 

Kong, Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


Leptastrea bewickensis 
Veron, Pichon and Wijsman-Best, 1977 


Rare throughout the Ryukyu Is., but common at Tanegashima. Coralla from the 
GBR, the Ryukyu Is. and Tanegashima all show taxonomically significant geographic 
variations, especially in the development of the columella and the size of the corallites, with 
GBR coralla having the lest well-developed columellae and the largest corallites. 

Taxonomic note: Veron (1991a) notes that Parasimplastrea Sheppard, 1985 may be a 
junior synonym of Leptastrea as the type species, Goniastrea simplicitexta Umbgrove, 1939, a 
fossil, is close to, or synonymous with, the present species. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Thailand to E Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: N GBR, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and 
Middleton Reefs. 


306 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., Tanegashima. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, Thailand. 


Leptastrea sp. W Australia 
Known from a single, distinctive corallum. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Marsh (1988). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: W Australia only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Genus Cyphastrea 


Edwards and Haime, 1848 


There are several undescribed central Central Indo-Pacific Cyphastrea and other little 
known species which might be valid; the latter includes C. zhongjianensis Zou, 1980. 


Cyphastrea agassiz1 
(Vaughan, 1907). 


Generally uncommon throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Vaughan (1907) (as Leptastrea agassiz1). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Hawaii. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Cocos (Keeling) Atoll to Hawaii. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Torres Strait (not previously recorded). 


W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 


Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Cocos (Keeling) Atoll. 


307 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


Cyphastrea serailia 
(Forskal, 1775) 


Very common and has a wide morphological variation throughout the recorded 
Central Indo-Pacific distribution range, but shows no taxonomically significant geographic 
variation. Varies greatly in colour, especially in shallow water and in higher latitudes of 


Australia and Japan. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Wijsman-Best (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Red Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea, The Gulf and E Africa to Marshall 


and Pitcairn Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Moreton Bay, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, 
Lord Howe Is., Solitary Is. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Archipelago, 
Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is., 
SW coastal locations S to Cockburn Sound. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama, Izu, 
Tateyama. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong 

Kong, Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


Cyphastrea chalcidicum 
(Forskal, 1775) 


Generally common on the GBR, common on NW Shelf reefs of W Australia, 
common in Japan except at Shirahama where it is uncommon. Coralla show no 
taxonomically significant geographic variation. 

TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Wijsman-Best (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: “?Red Sea”. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: 
Red Sea and Mozambique to Marshall Is. and Samoa. 


308 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, N 
and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Ningaloo Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama, Izu, 
Tateyama. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, 

Indonesia, Taiwan, S Papua New Guinea. 


Cyphastrea japonica 
Yabe and Sugiyama, 1932 


Uncommon except at Tanegashima. Coralla from mainland Japan have larger 
corallites than usual for Ryukyu I. coralla. 


Taxonomic note: The name japonica has been incorrectly used for C. decadia by 
Veron et al. (1977) and all subsequent taxonomic accounts of Cyphastrea. Cyphastrea 
chalcidicum tanabensis Yabe and Sugiyama, 1932 appears to be a synonym of this species. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1991). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Japan. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Japan. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Kushimoto, Shirahama, Izu. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Cyphastrea ocellina 
(Dana, 1864) 


Rare on the GBR, common in shallow exposed biotopes of Japan. As far as is known 
there are no taxonomically significant variations throughout the recorded Central Indo- 


Pacific distribution range 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Wijsman-Best (1980). 


309 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


TYPE LOCALITY: Hawaii. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Indonesia to Hawaii. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: N and Central GBR (not previously 
recorded). 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Indonesia, Marshall Is. 


Cyphastrea sp. W Australia 


Recorded from two specimens, both primarily characterised by the presence of a 
distinct first cycle of septa in most corallites. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron and Marsh (1988). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: W Australian only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: Scott Reef, Ningaloo Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Cyphastrea microphthalma 
(Lamarck, 1816) 


Generally common throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range 
except Vanuatu where it is uncommon. Especially common in exposed biotopes of the 
Ryukyu Is., but generally uncommon in Japanese mainland locations. Coralla show no 
taxonomically significant geographic variation. 

TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Wijsman-Best (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: “Indian Ocean”. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and The Gulf to French Polynesia. 


310 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe Is. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Archipelago, 
Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is., 
SW coastal locations S to Port Gregory. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Tateyama. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong 
Kong, Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


Cyphastrea decadia 
Moll and Borel Best, 1984 


Generally uncommon or rare throughout the Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. 
There may be substantial differences between GBR, Indonesian, Philippines and Japanese 
coralla. The former and latter are similar, as are Indonesian and Philippine coralla. These 
may be geographic subspecies, but they are not contiguous. 


Taxonomic note: This species has previously been called Cyphastrea japonica by 
Veron et al. (1977) and subsequent authors. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Wijsman-Best (1980), Veron (1986a) (all as 
C. japonica). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Indonesia to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Vietnam, Vanuatu. 


311 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


Genus Echinopora 
Lamarck, 1816 


Echinopora lamellosa 
(Esper, 1775) 


Generally common throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range 
and may form very large colonies at Tanegashima as well as tropical locations. Presently 
much less common at Cocos (Keeling) Atoll than formerly. Coralla show no taxonomically 


significant geographic variation. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to Marshall Is. and 
French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Archipelago, Pilbara coast, 
Ningaloo Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Cocos 

(Keeling) Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


Echinopora ashmorensts 
Veron, 1990 


A rare species, primarily characterised by having a tubular rather than a lamellar 
growth form. Originally considered an unusual ecomorph of E. lamellosa (Veron, 1986) as 
corallite characters are very similar and the latter sometimes develops tubular ‘chimneys’. 
However, the two species occur together at Ashmore Reef and the Philippines, where they 
are readily distinguished. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1986a) p. 529 fig. 4 (as E. lamellosa), Veron (1991a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Ashmore Reef, W Australia. 


312 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: W Australia to the Philippines. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Echinopora pacificus 
Veron, 1990 


Generally uncommon throughout the recorded distribution range. The distribution 
range is likely to be wider than recorded below. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1990c, 1991a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Ryukyu Is., Japan. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Indonesia to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 

S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Central GBR. 

W Australia: not found. 

Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Echinopora gemmacea 
(Lamarck, 1816) 


Common on the GBR and the Ryukyu Is., uncommon in Vanuatu, recorded only 
from Cartier and Ashmore Reefs of W Australia, where it is rare. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: “Indian Ocean”. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to French Polynesia. 


313 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, N 
and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Cartier Reef. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, 


Vanuatu. 


Echinopora hirsutissima 
(Edwards and Haime, 1849) 


Rare in W Australia and Vanuatu. Shows little taxonomically significant geographic 


variation. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: “Indian Ocean”. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Torres Strait, N and Central GBR. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef, Dampier Archipelago. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Vanuatu. 


Echinopora horrida 
Dana, 1846 


Generally uncommon, but may form large monospecific stands in reef lagoons of E 
and W Australia. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Saudi Arabia to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs. 


314 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Archipelago, Pilbara coast, 
Ningaloo Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, 
Indonesia, Vanuatu. 


Echinopora mammiformis 
(Nemenzo, 1959) 
Generally common on the GBR, in Vanuatu and Scott Reef of W Australia, rare in the 


Ryukyu Is., but occasionally forms large colonies in protected lagoons. Coralla show no 
taxonomically significant geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Saudi Arabia and W Australia to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Torres Strait, N and Central GBR , 
Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: Scott Reef. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Indonesia, Vanuatu. 


Genus Moseleya 
Quelch, 1884 


A well-defined monospecific genus which shows affinities with both the Faviidae 


and the Trachyphylliidae. 


Moseleya latistellata 
Quelch, 1884 


Usually uncommon and restricted to lower reef slopes except on the NW coast 
where it sometimes occurs intertidally. Has little environment- correlated variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 


315 


FAMILY FAVIIDAE 


TYPE LOCALITY: Torres Strait. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Malaysia and W Australia to E Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Torres Strait, N and Central GBR. 
W Australia: Kimberley coast, Dampier Archipelago, Pilbara coast, 
Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, Malaysia. 


316 


16 
Family 
Trachyphylliidae 


Verrill, 1901 


Only one extant genus is included in this family, which is closely related to the 
Faviidae in general and Moseleya in particular. 

Taxonomic note: Wellsophyllia radiata Pichon, 1980 is considered to be a synonym of 
Trachyphyllia geoffroyi after Veron and Hodgson (1989). It was considered a valid species of 
Trachyphyllia by Borel Best and Hoeksema (1987) and a doubtful species of Trachyphyllia by 
Veron and Marsh (1988). 


Genus Trachyphyllia 


Audouin, 1826 


Trachyphyllia geoffroyt 


(Audouin, 1826) 


Large colonies only occur in very protected, turbid environments and these may 
have distinctive skeletal characters and/or colours which are seldom found in other 
biotopes. Common in isolated pockets of the GBR, rare in Japan. Coralla from the recorded 
Central Indo-Pacific show no taxonomically significant variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron et al. (1977), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Red Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to New Caledonia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, 
N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: Kimberley coast, Lacepede Is., Dampier Archipelago, Pilbara 
coast. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Tanegashima, 
Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, 

Indonesia, N Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia. 


317 


17 
Famul 

Caryophylltdae 
Gray, 1847 


Six hermatypic Indo-Pacific genera are recognised in this otherwise ahermatypic 
family. A seventh genus, Eusmilia, is restricted to the West Indies. Most species display 
relatively little environment-correlated or geographic variation. The family is represented by 
one species at Christmas I. (Indian Ocean) and not at all at Cocos (Keeling) Atoll. 

Heterocyathus is a solitary, free-living genus that is mostly ahermatypic. It has a 
superficial similarity to Heteropsammia, with which it often co- occurs. 

Taxonomic note: Nemenzophyllia Hodgson and Ross, (1981) was included in Veron 
(1986) as a doubtful genus, but its one species, N. turbida Hodgson and Ross, 1981, is now 
included in Plerogyra. 


Genus Euphyllia 


Dana, 1846 


Two species groups of Euphyllia cannot be identified from skeletons alone. The first, 
originally described as Euphyllia fimbriata, contains two species: E. divisa and E. ancora. The 
second contains four species: Euphyllia glabrescens, E. paradivisa, E. paraancora and E. 


paraglabrescens. 


Euphyllia glabrescens 
(Chamisso and Eysenhardt, 1821) 


Although one of the most common Euphyllia, it is generally uncommon in the 
recorded Central Indo-Pacific, especially W Australia. Indistinguishable from E. paradivisa, E. 
paraancora and E. paraglabrescens by skeletal characters alone. There is almost no geographic 
and little environment-correlated variation where studied. Elsewhere there are colour 
variations, eg. in the Marshall Is., tentacles are a mustard yellow instead or grey with 
greenish or white tips as they are in the Central Indo-Pacific. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Radack Arch. 


319 


FAMILY CARYOPHYLLIIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to Marshall Is. and Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn 
and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., Pilbara 
coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, 


Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Euphyllia paradivisa 


Veron, 1990 


Rare, probably endemic to the Philippines and adjacent countries. Polyps are 
extended during the day and have branching tentacles identical in appearance to those of E. 
divisa (illustrated, Veron, 1986a pp. 548 and 549). Indistinguishable from E. glabrescens, E. 
paraancora and E. paraglabrescens by skeletal characters alone. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1990c). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Euphyllia paraancora 
Veron, 1990 


Rare. Polyps are extended during the day and have anchor-shaped tentacle ends 
identical in appearance to those of E. ancora (illustrated, Veron, 1986a, pp. 547). As with E. 
ancora, some tentacles branch, but they do not integrade with those of E. paradivisa. 
Indistinguishable from E. glabrescens, E. paradivisa and E. paraglabrescens by skeletal characters 
alone. 


320 


FAMILY CARYOPHYLLIIDAE 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1990c). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to S Papua New Guinea. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: S Papua New Guinea. 


Euphyllia paraglabrescens 
Veron, 1990 


Recorded only from south of Ojioya Port, Tanegashima I., where it is one of the 
dominant species at 0-5 m depth. Tentacles are short and bubble-like, superficially 
resembling the vesicles of Plerogyra. Indistinguishable from E. glabrescens, E. paradivisa and E. 


paraancora by skeletal characters alone. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1990c). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Tanegashima, Japan. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Japan only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Tanegashima. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Euphyllia cristata 
Chevalier, 1971 


Much less common and widespread than E. glabrescens. Shows little variation except 


in colony size. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Chevalier (1971), Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: New Caledonia. 


321 


FAMILY CARYOPHYLLIIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Indonesia and W Australia to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, 
N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: Rowley Shoals, Dampier Arch. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 


Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vanuatu. 


Euphyllia divisa 


Veron and Pichon, 1980 


Common in a few restricted tropical biotopes, but very common only at the 
Houtman Abrolhos Is. Shows no taxonomically significant skeletal variation but there are 
geographic differences in the colour of the polyp and, sometimes, in the shape of the tentacle 
tips and degree and tentacle branching. All skeletal variation appears to be environment- 
correlated; colonies from shallow, exposed biotopes are more heavily calcified than those 


from deep or turbid water. Indistinguishable from E. ancora by skeletal characters alone. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Singapore to E Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, 
N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs. 
W Australia: Dampier Arch., Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, N Papua 


New Guinea, S Papua New Guinea. 


Euphyllia ancora 


Veron and Pichon, 1980 


Generally uncommon throughout the recorded distribution range. Shows no 
taxonomically significant skeletal variation but considerable variation occurs in the shape 
and colour of the tentacle tips. In shallow water, the tips are elongate with scroll-shaped ends 
and white borders. In deeper or more turbid biotopes, the tips are more kidney- shaped and 
uniform in colour. There appears to be minor geographic variation in this pattern, 


Indistinguishable from E. divisa by skeletal characters alone. 


322 


FAMILY CARYOPHYLLIIDAE 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Chagos and Indonesia to E Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, 
N and Central GBR, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, 
Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama, Tateyama. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Taiwan, 


N Papua New Guinea, S Papua New Guinea. 


Euphyllia yaeyamaensis 
(Shirai, 1980). 


Uncommon and shows no taxonomically significant skeletal variation or any colour 


variation. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Shirai (1980) (as Botryphyllia yaeyamaensis), Veron (1991a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Ryukyu Is. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Vanuatu. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 


Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vanuatu 


323 


FAMILY CARYOPHYLLIIDAE 


Genus Catalaphyllia 


Wells, 1971 


Catalaphyllia jardinei 
(Saville-Kent, 1893) 


Generally uncommon throughout the recorded distribution range. Occurs in 
localised areas of Honshu, Japan; not found elsewhere in Japan. These colonies have the 
same general appearance as those from the Philippines and Australia, with the same grey- 
green tentacles with pink tips. There are, however, minor colour and ecological differences 
between Japanese and Australian colonies indicating a geographic sub- species. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Aldabra to E Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, 
Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Kushimoto, Shirahama. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Indonesia, N Papua New Guinea. 


Genus Plerogyra 


Edwards and Haime, 1848 


A single species, P. sinuosa, occurs throughout most of the geographic range of this 
genus. Like most other Caryophylliidae, Plerogyra species are most commonly found in 
turbid water, but their occurrence is often unpredictable. 


Plerogyra simplex 
Rehberg, 1892 


There are no taxonomically significant differences between coralla from the 
Philippines and Vanuatu, otherwise this species is little studied. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Rehberg (1892). 


324 


FAMILY CARYOPHYLLIIDAE 


TYPE LOCALITY: New Ireland. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Malaysia to Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Vanuatu. 


Plerogyra eurysepta 
Nemenzo, 1960 


Uncommon and little studied throughout the recorded distribution range. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Nemenzo (1960), Veron and Hodgson (1989). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to Japan. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Plerogyra sinuosa 
(Dana, 1846) 


By far the most common and widespread of the Plerogyra species although generally 
uncommon and rare in Japan. Usually found under overhangs and other such places where 
light availability is low, but sometimes occurs in exposed places in Australian NW Shelf reef 
lagoons. Coralla show no taxonomically significant geographic variation. 

TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: “East Indies”. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to Marshall and Line Is. 


Ke Fas) 


FAMILY CARYOPHYLLIIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, 
N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo 
Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, 


Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Plerogyra turbida 
(Hodgson and Ross, 1981) 


Colonies are flabello-meandroid with smaller polyps than P. sinuosa. Found only in 


biotopes with partially muddy substrates and, so far as is recorded, is rare. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Hodgson and Ross (1981) (as Nemenzophyllia turbida). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Indonesia. 


Genus Physogyra 


Quelch, 1884 


Iwo species have been recorded from the Central Indo-Pacific. Like Plerogyra, this 
genus most commonly occurs in turbid water. 


Physogyra lichtensteini 
(Edwards and Haime, 1851) 


The most common and widely distributed Physogyra but generally uncommon 
throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range. Usually found under 
overhangs and in other such places where light availability is low, but, like Plerogyra sinuosa, 
sometimes occurs in exposed biotopes in NW Shelf reef lagoons, where it grow into 


326 


FAMILY CARYOPHYLLIIDAE 


unusually large colonies. Generally uncommon in Japan and the Philippines where colonies 
have a similar range of variation as in Australia except that vesicles are often tapered or tubular 
rather than spherical or ovoid. Coralla show no taxonomically significant geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: “East Indies”. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to Marshall Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Coral Sea, Torres Strait, N and Central 
GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Ningaloo Reef Tract. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, 
Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Physogyra exerta 
Nemenzo and Ferraris, 1982 
Rare. Coralla have large valleys with very exsert septa. Living colonies have very 


large vesicles. This species is not easily distinguished from P. lichtensteini except where both 
occur together. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Nemenzo and Ferraris (1982), Veron and Hodgson (1989). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Indonesia and W Australia to Philippines. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Indonesia. 


327 


FAMILY CARYOPHYLLIIDAE 


Genus Gyrosmilia 
Edwards and Haime, 1851 


Restricted to the western Indian Ocean except for Ishigaki I (Ryukyu Is.) where it is 
probably no longer extant. 


Gyrosmilia interrupta 
(Ehrenberg, 1834) 


A single corallum collected at Ishigaki I., Yaeyama Is. is the only presently existing 
record of this genus in the western Pacific. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Red Sea. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea to Japan. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Yaeyama Is. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Genus Montigyra 


Matthai, 1928 


This distinctive genus is recorded from a single specimen. 


Montigyra kenti 
Matthai, 1928 


Recorded from a single corallum from the Lacepede Is., NW Australia. This species 
is very rare or extinct as, even at its type locality, it has been looked for unsuccessfully. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Matthai (1928), Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: Lacepede Is. (NW Australia). 


328 


FAMILY CARYOPHYLLIIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Type locality only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: Lacepede Is. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


329 


18 
Family 


Dendrophylludae 


Gray, 1847 


Contains three hermatypic genera which, superficially, have little in common. 
Psammoseris is a solitary, free-living genus that is probably ahermatypic. One species, 
P. hemispherica, has been recorded from W Australia. 


Genus Turbinaria 
Oken, 1815 


Has distinctive distribution patterns as most species are much more abundant, and 
form much bigger colonies, in non-reefal habitats of high latitude locations. This pattern is 
repeated on both Australian coasts: in the E Turbinaria is particularly abundant around the 
Solitary Is. and Lord Howe L., and in the W, around SW offshore islands E to Researche Arch. 
In general, there are greater similarities between coralla of most species from high latitude 
locations on the E and W coasts than there are between high and low latitude locations on 
the same coast. Turbinaria is much less abundant in Japan than Australia, but is also relatively 
common in higher (mainland) latitudes. 

Most Turbinaria species exhibit very great environment-correlated variation and lack 
conservative skeletal characters which can make some species especially difficult to separate. 


Turbinaria peltata 
(Esper, 1794) 


Conspicuous and sometimes common in tropical Australian reefs (especially E coast) 
and high latitude non-reefal locations. Uncommon at Vanuatu. The largest colonies, reaching 
2-3m diameter, are in non-reefal habitats. Not found in the Yaeyama Is., rare in the Okinawa 
and Amami Is., generally uncommon at Tanegashima. Very common in turbid inshore 
biotopes of the GBR. Colony shape varies from plate-like to columnar according to 
environmental conditions. Polyps are characteristically extended during the day; the colour 
is a uniform grey. There is little or no taxonomically significant geographic variation in these 


characters. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 


TYPE LOCALITY: “China Sea”. 


331 


FAMILY DENDROPHYLLIIDAE 


Turbinaria frondens 
(Dana, 1846) 


Very common in tropical reefs as well as most non-reefal temperate locations. Has a 
very great range of growth including flat explanate plates, upright plates, highly convoluted 
fronds and may even be columnar. This range is clearly associated with depth, colonies being 
convoluted in shallow water and explanate in deeper water. Species characteristics, 
including the presence of elongate corallites, are usually best developed in coralla from 
temperate locations. Both environment-correlated and latitude-correlated characters are 
identical on the E and W coasts of Australia. Rare in Japan except at Tanegashima, where it is 
generally uncommon. In both Japan and the Philippines, highly convoluted colonies have 
not been observed. Otherwise, coralla are similar to those of the GBR. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Fiji. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Saudi Arabia and E Africa to Samoa and Cook Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Moreton Bay, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, 
Lord Howe I., N coastal New South Wales, Solitary Is., 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., Pilbara 
coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is., 
SW coastal locations S to Geographe Bay, thence E to Duke of Orleans Bay 
on the S coast. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Shirahama. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records:Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, 

Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Turbinaria sp. W Australia 


An indistinct and little studied species close to T. frondens. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCE: Veron and Marsh (1988). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: W Australia only. 


333 


FAMILY DENDROPHYLLIIDAE 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: The Gulf and E Africa to Samoa. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn 
and Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, 
Lord Howe L., Solitary Is. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef, Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., 
Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is., 
SW coastal locations S to Geographe Bay. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Okinawa Is., Amami Is., Tanegashima, 
Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, 

Hong Kong, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Turbinaria patula 
(Dana, 1846) 


Uncommon throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific distribution range except 
in some high latitude locations of E (but not W) Australia. Sometimes common at Vanuatu. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Thailand and W Australia to Vanuatu and ?Fiji. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, 
N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, 
Flinders Reef, Moreton Bay, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe L, 
Solitary Is. 
W Australia: Kimberley coast, Broome, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, Vanuatu. 


332 


FAMILY DENDROPHYLLIIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, Shark Bay region. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Turbinaria mesenterina 
(Lamarck, 1816) 


This is probably the most common Australian Turbinaria, occurring in most reefal 
biotopes and extending to high non-reefal latitudes, where it is especially common. Probably 
the most common coral of the Solitary Is. on the E Australian coast and Geographe Bay on 
the W coast, where colonies form tiers of plates up to 3m high and 3m diameter. Coralla from 
shallow water are usually very highly convoluted, whereas those from deeper water are (like 
T. frondens) usually explanate. These environment-correlated growth-form variations occur at 
all latitudes and may well mask any taxonomically significant geographic variation in the 
species or the possible presence of geographic sub-species or sibling species. Uncommon in 
Japan and the Philippines. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: “Indian Ocean”. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Red Sea and E Africa to Marshall Is. and 
French Polynesia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Coral Sea, 
Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Solitary Is., 
coastal New South Wales S to Sydney. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Rowley Shoals, Kimberley coast, Dampier 
Arch., Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman 
Abrolhos Is., SW coast S to Geographe Bay, thence E to Recherche Arch. on 
the S coast. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Hong Kong, 

Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


334 


FAMILY DENDROPHYLLIIDAE 


Turbinaria reniformis 
Bernard, 1896 


Has a similar, although less extreme range of growth forms as T. mesenterina. Less 
common than T. mesenterina in the tropics and at the Houtman Abrolhos Is., but is common 
at more southerly locations and it is the dominant species at the Recherche Archipelago. 
Common at Vanuatu. Rare at Cocos (Keeling) Atoll, but forms very extensive monospecific 
stands in one biotope. Uncommon in Japan, but may form extensive monospecific stands in 
deeper, protected biotopes. The same yellow-green colouration and the same environment- 
correlated growth-form variations occur throughout the recorded Central Indo-Pacific 
distribution range. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Saudi Arabia, The Gulf and E Africa to 
Tonga and Cook Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, 
N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs. 
W Australia: Ashmore Reef, Scott Reef, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, 
Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is., SW coastal 
locations S to Geographe Bay, thence E to Recherche Arch. on the S coast. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amam1 Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Singapore, Cocos (Keeling) 

Atoll, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


Turbinaria irregularis 
Bernard, 1896 


Generally uncommon in Japan. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Bernard (1896). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Mauritius. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: 7?Mozambique to Japan. 


380 


FAMILY DENDROPHYLLIIDAE 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Amakusa Is., Kushimoto, Shirahama. 


Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


Turbinaria stellulata 
(Lamarck, 1816) 


Generally uncommon throughout the known Central Indo-Pacific distribution 
range. Colonies are submassive, encrusting or explanate, these growth forms varying with 
the size (presumably age) of the colony and depth. Lack of conservative skeletal characters, 
however, makes this species difficult to define and there remains a possibility that it is more 
a species complex than a single species. There appears to be little or no taxonomically 


significant geographic variation. 
TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: ?Saudi Arabia and E Africa to Vanuatu and 


?Marshall Is. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, 
N and Central GBR, Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, 
Flinders Reef. 
W Australia: NW Shelf Reefs, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef 
Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is., SW coastal locations. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Yaeyama Is., Okinawa Is., Amami Is., 
Tanegashima, Tosashimizu, Kushimoto, Shirahama. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, 


N Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu. 


336 


FAMILY DENDROPHYLLIIDAE 


Turbinaria bifrons 
Briiggemann, 1877 


Usually rare on the tropical E Australian coast and uncommon on the W coast. A 
distinctive species displaying little environment-correlated and no taxonomically significant 
geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Unrecorded. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Indonesia and W Australia to E Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, 
Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef. 
W Australia: Kimberley coast, Broome, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, 
Ningaloo Reef Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is., SW coastal 
locations S to Port Gregory. 
Philippines - Japan: not found by the present author but recorded from the 
Ryukyu Is. by previous authors. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, Indonesia. 


Turbinaria conspicua 
Bernard, 1896 


Common only at Dampier Arch. Shows little environment-correlated and no 
taxonomically significant geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Shark Bay (W Australia). 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: W Australia only. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: not found. 
W Australia: Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., Shark Bay region, Ningaloo 
Reef Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is., SW coastal locations S to Port Denison. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


337 


FAMILY DENDROPHYLLIIDAE 


Turbinaria radicalis 
Bernard, 1896 


Rare in tropical locations, much more common in temperate locations of E Australia; 
recorded from a single specimen from W Australia (Houtman Abrolhos I.). Shows little 
environment-correlated or taxonomically significant geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Thailand to E Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: Torres Strait, N and Central GBR, 
Pompey and Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, 
Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe L.,, Solitary Is., N New South 
Wales . 
W Australia: Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, Indonesia. 


Turbinaria heronensis 
Wells, 1958 


Unlike most Australian Turbinaria, this species is probably restricted to reefal 
habitats, but is much more common on temperate reefs than tropical ones. Turbinaria 
cylindrica Nemenzo could be a separate species closely related to T. heronensis: corallites are 
smaller and the degree of fusion between them is greater than normal for GBR T. heronensis. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: GBR. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: Philippines to E Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: N and Central GBR, Pompey and 
Swain Reefs, Capricorn and Bunker Reefs, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs. 
W Australia: not found. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: none. 


338 


FAMILY DENDROPHYLLIIDAE 


Genus Duncanopsammia 
Wells, 1936 


This is a monospecific genus which combines many of the characters of hermatypic 
and ahermatypic Dendrophylliidae. 


Duncanopsammia axifuga 
(Edwards and Haime, 1848) 


Usually restricted to relatively deep reefal and non-reefal habitats. Blue-grey polyps 
are extended during the day. Shows little environment-correlated and no taxonomically 
significant geographic variation. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 
TYPE LOCALITY: Western Australia. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: W to E Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: S Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait, 
N and Central GBR. 
W Australia: Kimberley coast, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef 
Tract, Shark Bay region, Houtman Abrolhos Is. 
Philippines - Japan: not found. 
Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Vietnam, S Papua New Guinea. 


Genus Heteropsammia 
Edwards and Haime, 1848 


Heteropsammia cochlea 
(Spengler, 1781) 


The small free-living colonies occur only on sandy substrates in inter-reefal regions. 
Colonies primarily vary according to how many polyps are present, this character appearing 
to be environment- correlated. Colonies from equatorial countries which have more than 


three polyps may be a distinct species, but this remains unstudied. 


TAXONOMIC REFERENCES: Veron and Pichon (1980), Veron (1986a). 


339 


FAMILY DENDROPHYLLIIDAE 


TYPE LOCALITY: Bay of Bengal. 


DISTRIBUTION: 
Indo-Pacific longitudinal distribution: The Gulf and E Africa to E Australia. 


Central Indo-Pacific latitudinal distribution: 
S Papua New Guinea - E Australia: N and Central GBR, Capricorn and 
Bunker Reefs, Flinders Reef, Solitary Is., N and S coastal New South Wales. 
W Australia: Port Hedland, Dampier Arch., Pilbara coast, Ningaloo Reef 
Tract, Houtman Abrolhos Is., Port Gregory. 
Philippines - Japan: Philippines, Okinawa Is. 

Additional Central Indo-Pacific records: Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, N Papua 


New Guinea. 


340 


Distribution of 
Genera Worldwide 


19 
Generic Distributions: 
Data Sources 
and Maps 


The following maps show the world-wide distribution of all hermatypic genera. For 
the central Indo-Pacific, the number of species in those genera is also indicated. 


Genera are in alphabetical order. 
Data sources: 


The following are the secondary and tertiary data sources used in this volume. 
These records are supplemented by many other data sources as indicated in Chapter 2 and 
Acknowledgements. Data are used in this volume to assist in the compilation of W to E 
distribution ranges of species (above) and generic distribution maps (below). These 
references are by no means exhaustive and do not include broad-ranging taxonomic 
references or references to primary data sources (p. 17). References which have not got a 
major taxonomic or biogeographic component, or are superseded, are also not listed. 


Generic-level data have also been compiled by Wells (1954 and unpublished), Rosen 
(1971a), Scheer (1971) and Veron (1986a). These compilations have all been re-assessed in 
this study. They are included below, where they remain a primary data source. 


Some localities are recorded under more than one name; all are indexed. 


ADDU ATOLL: Wells and Davies (1966); AFRICA (SOUTH) : Boshoff (1981); 
Crossland (1948); AFRICA (WEST): Thiel (1928); Chevalier (1966a,b), Laborel (1974); 
Boekschoten and Borel Best (1988); AITUTAKI, COOK IS.: Stoddart and Pillai (1973); 
ALDABRA: Rosen (1979); AMIRANTES: Rosen (1971a); ANDAMAN IS.: Reddiah (1977); 
Wafar (1986); ARAKAN COAST, BURMA: Rosen (1971a); ASCENSION I: Laborel (1974); 
AUSTRAL IS.: Chevalier (1979, 1980, 1981); Faure (1985, pers. comm.); Pichon (1985); 
BAHAMAS: Vaughan (1916); Squires (1958); Walton Smith (1971); Wells (1973); Davis (1982); 
BARBADOS: Lewis (1960); Veron (unpublished data, 1992); BELIZE: Cairns (1982); Veron 
(unpublished data, 1992); BERMUDA: Laborel (1966); Wilson (1969); Walton smith (1971); 
Dodge et al. (1982); Cavalierre et al. (1983); Cairns et al. (1986); BRAZIL: Laborel (1967; 1970); 
Belem et al. (1986), Leao et al. (1988), Pitombo et al. (1988); F. Amaral (pers. comm.); 
CALIFORNIA (GULF OF): Durham (1947); Durham and Barnard (1952); Squires (1959); 


343 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


CAMEROONS: Laborel (1974); CANARY IS.: Laborel (1974); CAPE VERDE IS.: Laborel 
(1974); Boekschoten and Borel Best (1988); CARGADOS CARAJOS: Rosen (1971a); CHAGOS 
ARCHIPELAGO: Rosen (1971b); Dinesen (1977); Sheppard (1981, 1987b); CHRISTMAS I. 
(INDIAN OCEAN): Bernard (1900); Veron (1990b); CLIPPERTON I.: Hertlein and Emerson 
(1957); Wells (1983); COCOS I: Durham (1962, 1966); Bakus (1975); Hertlein (1963); Wells 
(1983); J. Cortés (pers. comm.); COLOMBIA (ATLANTIC COAST): Pfaff (1969); Antonius 
(1972); Erhardt (1974); Erhardt and Meinel (1975); Erhardt and Werding (1975); COLOMBIA 
(PACIFIC COAST): Birkeland et al. (1975); Glynn eft al. (1982); Cantera (1983); Prahl and Mejia 
(1985); Cantera et al. (1989); Cortés (pers. comm.); COMOROS: Rosen (1971a); COSTA RICA 
(ATLANTIC COAST): Cortés and Guzman (1985); COSTA RICA (PACIFIC COAST): Cortés 
and Risk (1984); Cortés and Murillo (1985); Cortés (1986); Guzman and Cortés (1989); CUBA: 
Zlatarski and Estalella (1982); DJIBOUTI: Gravier (1907, 1911); Vaughan (1907b); 
DOMINICA: Geraldes (1976); Geraldes and Bonnelly (1978); EASTER L: Wells (1972, 1983); 
Cea and Di Salvo (1982); ECUADOR: Wells (1963, 1983); FANNING L: Vaughan (1918); 
Maragos (1974); FIJI: Hoffmeister (1925, 1945); Wells (1954); Phipps and Preobrazhensky 
(1977); Salvat et al. (1977); FLORIDA (SOUTH): Walton smith (1971); FLORIDA MIDDLE 
GROUNDS: Vaughan (1916); Hopkins et al. (1977); FLOWER GARDEN BANKS: Tresslar 
(1974); Bright et al. (1984); Viada (1980); FRENCH ANTILLES: Chassaing et al. (1978); 
FUNAFUTI, TUVALU: Whitelegge (1898); Hinde (1904); GALAPAGOS IS.: Wells (1982, 
1983); Durham (1962, 1966); Glynn and Wellington (1983); GAVESHANI BANK: Wafar 
(1986); GHANA: Laborel (1974); GOLD COAST: Laborel (1974); GUAM: Randall (1973); 
Randall and Myers (1983); HAINAN AND SOUTH CHINA COAST: Zou (1975); Zou et al. 
(1975, and subsequent taxonomic notes); Liang (1985); HAWAII: Studer (1901); Vaughan 
(1907a); Pillai and Scheer (1973); Maragos (1977, pers. comm.); Grigg (1981); Veron 
(unpublished data, 1988, 1992); HONDURAS: Tortora and Keith (1980); INDIA (SOUTHERN 
MAINLAND): Pillai (1967, 1969, 1971a,b, 1972); Scheer (1971); Mergner and Scheer (1974); 
Wafar (1986, pers. comm.); INDONESIA: Umbgrove (1939, 1940); Pillai and Scheer (1974); 
Umbgrove (1939); Wijsman-Best (1974); Moll and Borel Best (1984); Borel Best and Hoeksema 
(1987); Borel Best et al. (1989); IVORY COAST: Laborel (1974); JAMAICA: Goreau (1959); 
Wells (1973b); Goreau and Wells (1967); Wells and Lang (1973); Veron (unpublished data, 
1992); JOHNSTON ATOLL: Maragos and Jokiel (1986); KANTON I., PHOENIX IS.: Maragos 
and Jokiel (1978); KENYA: Lemmens and Smeets (1987), Lemmens (in press), L. Didham 
(pers.comm.); KERMADEC IS.: Vaughan (1917); Wells (1954); Brook (1989); KOREA: Song 
(1982, 1991); KURE ATOLL: Dana (1971); KUTCH (GULF OF): Gideon et al. (1957); Pillai et al. 
(1980); Wafar (1986); KUWAIT: Downing (1988); Hodgson and Carpenter (in press); 
LAKSHADWEEP IS.: Pillai (1971a); Wafar (1986); LAYSAN I.: Studer (1901); Vaughan 
(1907a); MADAGASCAR: Pichon (1964, 1971, 1978); MALACCA STRAITS: Pillai and Scheer 
(1974); MALAYSIA (EAST COAST): Searle (1956); Green et al. (1979); Betterton (1981); Wood 
and Tan (1987); Johnston (MS); MALDIVE IS.: Gardiner (1904, 1905); Scheer (1969, 1972); 
Wells and Davies (1966); Pillai (1972); Pillai and Scheer (1976); MANIHIKI, COOK IS.: 
Stoddart and Pillai (1973); McCann (1974); G. Paulay pers. comm.; MARQUESAS IS.: 
Chevalier (1978, 1979); MARSHALL IS.: Wells (1954); Tracey et al. (1948); Veron (unpublished 
data, 1986); MARTINIQUE: Battistini (1978); MAURITIUS: Faure (1977); McKEAN L, 
PHOENIX IS.: Dana (1979); MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO, BURMA: Harrison and Poole (1909); 
Wells (1954); Rosen (1971a); Pillai (1972); MEXICO (ATLANTIC COAST): Rigby and 


344 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


McIntyre (1966); Rannefeld (1972); Chavez et al. (1970a,b); Rezak et al. ((1985), MIDWAY 
ATOLL: Wells (1982); MINICOY: Pillai (1971); MOZAMBIQUE AND ADJACENT AREAS: 
Harrison and Poole (1909); Wijsman-Best et al. (1980); Boshoff (1981); NATAL: Crossland 
(1948); Wijsman-Best et al. (1980); NETHERLANDS ANTILLES: Bak (1977); Roos (1964, 1971); 
NEW CALEDONIA: Matthai (1923); Woodhead and Weber (1969); Chevalier (1971, 1975); 
Wijsman-Best (1972); NICOBAR IS.: Pillai (1972); Scheer and Pillai (1974); Reddiah (1977); 
Wafar (1986); OMAN (GULF OF): Sheppard and Salm (1988); Sheppard and Sheppard (1991); 
PALAU: Yabe et al. (1936); Eguchi (1935, 1938); Hatai (1940); Yabe and Sugiyama (1941); 
PANAMA (ATLANTIC COAST): Cubit and Williams (1983); PANAMA (PACIFIC COAST): 
Squires (1959); Porter (1972); Dana (1975); Wells (1983); Cortés (pers. comm.); PAPUA NEW 
GUINEA (N COAST): Veron (unpublished data, 1974); Claerebout (MS); PITCAIRN I. 
GROUP: Rehder and Randall (1975); Paulay (1989, pers. comm.); S. Blake and J. Pandolfi 
(pers. comm.); PUERTO RICO: Vaughan (1902); Armstrong (1980); RAROTONGA, COOK 
IS.: Stoddart and Pillai (1973); RED SEA (CENTRAL): Scheer (1967); Head (1980); Sheppard 
(1985, 1987); Sheppard and Sheppard (1985); Schumacher and Mergner (1985); RED SEA 
(NORTHERN): Crossland (1935, 1938); Loya (1972); Scheer (1971); Loya and Slobodkin 
(1971); Scheer and Pillai (1983); Schuhmacher and Mergner (1985); Sheppard (1987a); 
Sheppard and Sheppard (1991); RED SEA (SOUTHERN): Rossi (1954); Scheer (1967, 1971); 
Sheppard (1985b, 1987a); Sheppard and Sheppard (1985, 1991); Antonius et al. (1990); 
REUNION AND MASCARENE IS.: Faure (1977); Bouchon (1981); RODRIGUEZ: Faure 
(1977); SABAH, MALAYSIA: Wood and Tan (1987); Morris (1978); SAINT HELENA: Laborel 
(1974); SAMOA: Studer (1901); Hoffmeister (1925); Wells (1954); Pillai and Scheer (1973); 
Lamberts (1983); SENEGAL: Laborel (1974); SEYCHELLES: Rosen (1972 and pers. comm.) 
Pillai et al. (1973); Wijsman-Best et al. (1980); Stoddart (1984); SIERRA LEONE: Laborel (1974); 
SINGAPORE: Studer (1881); Wells (1954); Purchon (1957); Chou and Teo (1985); Koh and 
Chou (1989); SOCOTRA AND ABD-EL-KURI: Scheer (1964, 1971); Sheppard and Sheppard 
(1991); SOCIETY IS.: Crossland (1928, 1935); Hoffmeister (1929); Boschma (1929); Chevalier 
(1979, 1981); Chevalier and Kuhlmann (1983); Pichon (1985); SOLOMON IS.: Weber (1973); 
SOMALIA: Vaughan (1907b) Rosen (in prep.); SOUTH CHINA SEA: Bassett-Smith (1890); 
Zou (1978); Liang (1985); Latypov (1986); Jing-Fen (1985); SRI LANKA: Ridley (1883); 
Ortmann (1889); Mergner and Scheer (1974); Rajasuriya (1986); TAIWAN: Kawaguti (1953); 
Jones et al. (1972); Randall and Cheng (1980); Dai (1989, 1991); Hoesema and Dai (1991); 
TANZANIA (DAR-ES-SALAAM): Ortmann (1892); von Marenzeller (1901); Hamilton and 
Brakel (1984); THAILAND (GULF OF): Campbell (1980); Srithunya et al. (1981); Latypov 
(1986); Sakai et al. (1986); Ditlev (1976); THAILAND (WEST COAST): Ditliev (1976, 1980); 
Campbell (1980); Veron and Wallace (1985); Phongsuwan (1986); THE GULF (NORTHERN): 
Basson et al. (1977); Burchard (1979); Sheppard (1985b); Sheppard and Shepard (1991); THE 
GULF (SOUTHERN): Sheppard (1987a); Sheppard and Salm (1988); Sheppard and Shepard 
(1991); TONGA: Hoffmeister (1932); TRES MARIAS IS.: Squires (1959); TRINIDAD: Kenny 
(1977); TUAMOTUS: Chevalier (1974, 1976, 1979, 1981); Pichon (1985); VENEZUELA: 
Antonius (1980); VIETNAM (NHA TRANG): Latypov (1982, pers. comm.); WAKE L.: Wells 
(1954); ZANZIBAR: Wells (1954). 


345 


DISTRIBUTIONS 


KeLG 


4 


7 IN-E 


. eee 


“suadsal4oy “Y ‘Satdads auo sutejuod snua3 ay, ‘wjay4Iy JO UOYNIYsSIp aul *¢ aIn31yz 


EX a 


346 


‘satdads g Ajayeutxoidde suteyuod 
snuas ay] ‘pa}eotpur are uede{ pue saurddyyg au} ‘eyersny woy papsoda satdads jo siaquinny ‘vaijsvyjuny JO UOYNQIYSIp aul ‘p ainS1yq 


é aN 
pk \ Mz. 
XN mn” ay 
af eats Ae: got 
voce eZ s \ 
\ re ez 
Sale eed = see Lat = ~ te ae t= ry f 
° ° * ue ae? oe o f / 
. . ee ee 4 we { wh 
po a *. Ze > rie b Cr ( 
4 z b We 
+ CMH “ Z . ‘ 
e é om Jad: bd 
KS * “Sa e? - @  &D SR ba * : 
\ wt SNE BAK, / 
—— ae ——- —## Cais “yk eae os 
— ~ . so We . Vis 
ead en ° <7 @X\S * 
: a. Len : : eye ee alga } 
oT SS PRS LQ ve t f e peck 
Setiay . ae) e A Pe Yi 
o> s .- e cd 2 a et x 
€ es : a \ 
7 = Sev -_ ¥ © Sy ae vadiad ae ow z o 
a ae oa, <A 
ey x da 
oo coe. 4 * 
25,592 te 
« 5 — 
EP aa es c a. 
=A eo ee =. 7 J pf T ON Ee a ( rs 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


‘satdads ¢ Ajazewtxoidde sureyuod snua3 ayy, ‘wavs Jo UOYNIsIp ey *Z aaNSIy 


‘satdads (cy sea] ye SUTe}UOD 
snuas ay] ‘payeorpul are uede/f pue saurddyyg au} ‘eresny wos paprodai satads jo siaquiny ‘vsodossy Jo UOWNQLUsSIp ay, *9 an31y 


+e 


‘sapads g Ajayeuttxoidde suteyu0> 


“pa}eotput are uede{ pue sautddymg au} ‘erensny wo papiodai saideds jo siequiny ‘viodoszvuy Jo UOYNGLysIp sy], “6 aIn314 


DISTRIBUTIONS 


RIC 


‘sapads ct Ajayeurtxoidde suteyuos 
‘wiodozajy JO UOWNGLYSIp sul *g amnS1yz 


ENI 
; 


( 


root 
/ \ 
| | 
Bi ] 
. Ly - 
» * f é ) 
| 
. 
. $ 
" ; 
as = a 
WS . A 
SS “s / 
a” Ta ( 
. = tT 
ri . X 
ic a awk 
/ Z \ 
=a - 7 fe 
a ra \ 
Sa 
YQ ww an 
ro 
=> ~ 
cs NS 


348 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


‘satdads cy] Ayjayeuttxoidde sutejzuo05 


snuas ay], ‘pa}eotput are uede/ pue sautddrryg ay} ‘eyeysny wos papsodal satdads jo siaquiny ‘v1odoasjsy JO UOYNISIp UL “LT en8ry 


ENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


G 


‘jaz "y ‘setdads auo suteyuod snua3 ay] ‘wASojvsjsny Jo UOYNaIsIp oul “ET ain3ryz 


sS wT \ i ; 
Tre } SA 
Va NS 
— L 
Seer Cana ul 4 : 
= = 
lan 
& 
\ J 
\ as 
i. 
jeva\ Es “Neg an? se : 
a oe! e, 
“eetpe. fet 
Sey & 
XN A 


350 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


‘satoads ¢ Ajayeutxoidde 


suTe}UOD snuas ayy, ‘uede{ pue saurddyryg ayy ‘eyeysny Woy papsodal st winsoouy ‘g ‘satdads aUQ “vIO}HqQUAU JO UOTINLISIP SUL “ST ain31y 


So 


ENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


J 


~_ 


‘saideds ¢ suteyu0d 
snuas ay] ‘pazedtpur are uede/ pue saurddiryg ayy ‘eresny wor papsodar sadads jo siaquinn ‘vssmiuojsujg JO UOYNGIYSIp ay, “gT amn31y 


ia a 
oN x 
d 
| { 
: \ 
4 
: <¢ 4 re _ 7 7 
‘ me & 
Pa gee™ 
bo Soa i 
rete. ff py 
“Se = 
: ar WA 
a Nae SS 


352 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


‘auipavl ‘> ‘satdads auo sutejyu0d ATqeqoid snua3 ayy ‘w1yjAydvjvjvD Jo UONQLYSIp YL “6L aN 


“paqlosap are ‘si1asoj9AD 0} reyTuMTs ‘saidads om] “eTTeISNY WoY JoYNe ayy Aq papsoda1 JON ‘sM]ja.vyzUVD JO UOYNQIYSIp ay], “gl an31y 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


‘yjNISNgdv ‘> ‘satdads auo suTeyUOd snue3 ay], ‘vAOI0pU]D JO UOINQIsIp su], “LZ eanB1q 


‘satdads F Ajayeurtxoidde suteyuo09 
snuas ay] “pa}eotpul are uede{ pure saurddryiyg ou} ‘eressny wo1 pepsodai satdads jo slaquinnNy ‘vadjsyjnvD JO UONQIYsIp oy, ‘OZ eANSIy 


| 


\ 


354 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


‘satdads Z suteyuoo A,qeqoid snuas ay, 


‘vyjhydodjoD Jo UoYNqUysIp ayL “€Z eANSTY 


355 


DISTRIBUTIONS 


‘RIC 


GENI 


> “gr a a 


‘saidads ¢ suteyu0d 


snues ey] “payeoiput are uede/ pue saurddipug ary ‘eeysny wo papsozar sapads jO SIaQqUINN] ‘$1j9vUaJD JO UOYNQLYsSIp sy “sz aIN31Z 


\ »N 
? —S male 
4 - = fr iia 
~ 
; ate + 
- ‘ ~ 
“ \ o~ ws 
~*~ Q 
iy Pd e 
BK foe iS { { ) wr | 
eer 4 4 7 if \es & 


‘satdads Z] Ajayeurtxoidde surejuod 
payeotpul ere uede/ pue saurddityg ay; ‘eljeysny woy paprodai saidads Jo siaquinNy ‘vavivui2s0D Jo UONNGLYSIp au. “pz aINB1q 


ee ——— a ee 2 et [a ee 
= ze ara « / #7 
e . : * es ce ez hy pd 
el a c awe 1 . 
. s > re SM. ( 
_ fake “ye fb . 
. BRS 8 ee c 3 
a . Cd eo 7 ‘, aie an of ae ‘ 
\ Neg ° So ft =) “ye 5 / 
= _ — = = = he ~~ = Jf. % 
o . $2 x ~ & 6 Lal a 
NSE, . A er as . fo 
Ne AE . . fy > a % @ Te 
rg Le 4 Pans) Y / 
2 a z + d Se i — 
——— f ieee — fj AA 2 e\ 
ry L ’ Se ere bh ° Ww 
= — leh Oe 
+ . ze f “wR 
ree 2, eS. 
~~ ok em {FFF 
—> cate ) — 
RE i Peel dt, - ats 


356 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


‘satdads g] ATayeutxoidde sutejuos 


snues ay] ‘pa}eotput are uede{ pure sautddynyg ayy ‘eyeusny woy papiodai satdads jo siaqumyy ‘siasojaAD Jo UOYNLASIP ay “ZZ aNB1y 


357 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


‘sateds 6 Ajayewrxoidde sutejuos 
snuas ay], “payPorput are uede{ pue sautddipug ayy ‘eyeysny wo papiosar saideds jo siaquinyy ‘vasysvydAD Jo UOYNIYSIp ayy “6z aINSIy 


8z en3r1y 


358 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


snue3 ay ° 


‘satdads ¢ Ajayeumtxoidde sutejuo5 


pazeorput are uede{ pue sautddynyg au} ‘eyerjsny woy paprodal satdeds jo sIaquinyy ‘siasviq JO UOTNGISIp AY], “LE aAN31y 


359 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


‘vodojay ‘q ‘satdads auo suteyuod snuas ay “vasjsvojdiq Jo UOYNQU\sIp eu], “eg anNB1q 


360 


‘satads 7 Ajazeurtxoidde sutejuod snua’ ay ‘viuaoz0421q JO UOYNQLASIp aUL, “ZE aINS1y 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


‘v8n{ixv ‘q ‘saads auo suteyuod snue’ ay] ‘wuuuvsdouvsung Jo UOYNGIYSIp ay “gE aIN31J 


361 


DISTRIBUTIONS 


GENERIC 


‘satdads 7 Ajayeurtxoidde suteju0d 


snuas dy] “pa}eotput are uede/f pue saurddipryg ayy ‘elpeysny wor pepsodai sadads jo siaquinyy ‘viodou1ysq Jo UOYNIysSIp aut, “Z¢ aIN31q 


a, 

: = . 
\ f ‘. J es 
J , Sh p < 
\ ‘ 

ae “rg 3 ce * 
a \ f 
ee es Sh x os 
i Cra 
i ar So eS 
— A 
ane aides a 7 ; - 


‘satdads g Ajayewxoidde suteyuo2 


snuas ay] “pajedtput are uede/ pue saurddryg ay} ‘erpesny wiolj papsodai satdads jo sraquinny ‘v1jjAydouiy2q Jo UoyNqIysIp aul, “9g aIN3IZ 


t fe ‘ 
& 
4 2 r 
ad e 3. 7 7 | 
Se e . ‘ ec oa 
3 . . 
Sy Neg 4 is _ yl . e = of 
\ \ ? . 
oo Ng aay Pe, %, J 
Ss > ee 
~ 
: ewer ~ 
etteS fr \ ibe a \S 
ey © ae na wp a hat 
aa i ea 
ee tl : \) ~\ 
ee L y i a | 
" a C 7 Be-<™,. 
BS ai J + 2 re & 


362 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


snues su 


‘payeoipul are uede{ pue ssutddyyg ay} ‘eyeysny wo papiodai satdeds Jo sia 


“saideds 6 suteyu0> 
quiny ‘vijAydnq Jo uoNaIsIp aul “6¢ eNSIZ 


363 


DISTRIBUTIONS 


GENERIC 


‘saidads ¢¢ ATayeutxoidde sutejuo3 


snuas ay] “pa}eotput are uede/ pue sautddipuyg ay ‘eeysny Woy papsodai satdads jo slaqunN ‘viSunz JO UOyNQysSIp sy “ep anS1y 


rao < 
—~ ™* 
ne ° 
4 
oe 2 
e e 
\ e ° « 
~~ e 
72 bd 
J e a 
N J 
1, 5 ee 
- Nee 2 < > 
Lee, a 2 
\ ee 
ee pea ae 
? Coa. 
= -~ e 
"3 OL TN ° 
oe wet ee 
+ 6 Ss ad 
Tp ed AY 
a 


‘satdeds cy ATayeutxoidde suteyuos 


snua3 ay] ‘pa}ediput are uede/ pue saurddrynyg ay} ‘eresny wo papodai saidads jo siaqumyy “sajiavq JO UOQNaISIp aul “zp an31q 


365 


DISTRIBUTIONS 


'RIEC 


eee ee ee ee ee 


“satdads (¢ sea] 12 
SUTE}]UOD Snuas ay] “pa}edIput aie uede/ pue saurddyyg ay3 ‘eyeysny Woy pepiodai saidads jo slaquinN ‘viav{ JO UOYNQUASIP sul “Lp 2In31y 


k ae 
{ ° = 
y . a ~+<¢ : 3 s 

ay : Ree x saa ee 


aa aeiahanlSrialioeeaet: AEN ES 


ty U 
= + 
< 
Ae. ’ NN 
we L 
~ - . YL ~ 
KU 4 
B<\ = « Jf 
x 
\o 
cy 
“7 a ae 
7 Ra vm 
# pecan \ 
\ 4 \ 
= 7 7 a = x 
a 7 - (% 
. . Ps f ff ) 
2 : Se pe ves “a 
< Oe ae . 
a aah See 
< € >, = & a 
“=< _ s = a i a = 2 a ts SO 
— ~~ . es = fo J 
— “a ra 
\ ins fn; Nas a 
me 2) > > ~ — 7 ee 
ee] ft 4, “4 
Pen ao he @ TA 
— _—~ 5 - * 
i yl ax ae ~ 4 ; Z a 
Fe k g f I. Z 
2. ae - ‘ou 
ger - sa eas 
Ge Sa yy > ~< “\ 
~~ ) i ngld- 4 fu, I 
~s& ct = 
= —_ oe a— 7 = ~ 
mabe f a Uw - a a 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


‘satdeds 7 Ajayewmtxoidde suteyu0s 
snua3 ay], ‘peyeorput are uedef pue saurddipyg aug ‘eyeysny wo papiodei satads jo siaquiny ‘si4asodautpav5 JO UOYNGLYSIp ay], “sp amn31y 


‘satdads g Ajayeurtxoidde sute}uod 
snua3 ay, ‘pe}edtput are uede{ pue saurddipryg ayy ‘epeysny wos papiodai satdeds jo siaquny ‘vaxyjy5 Jo UOYNIySIp xu, ‘pH aANSIy 


366 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


snuas aul, ° 


‘satdads gg ATayeurtxoidde suteyu05 


peyeorpul are uede{ pue saurddypryg au} ‘ereysny wo paprodai satdads jo staquiny ‘viodo1u0y jo UOYNGLYSIp aU ‘Zp aIN3Iy 


snuas du, ° 


‘satdads zp Ajeyewtxoidde suteyu0s 


payeorpur are uede{ pure sourddiynyg ayy ‘eyeysny wo papiooal satdads Jo siaqumN ‘va4jsv1u05 Jo UOYNIYSIp ay, ‘gp anB1q 


367 


DISTRIBUTIONS 


GENERIC 


‘vjdn4i2jUl “5 ‘satdads auo suteyuod snus’ sy] ‘wyiusosh5 Jo UOWNQLYsSIp sul “6p 2INBILY 


‘\ 
\ 
? 
A 
ly 
NS Sf on 
—- 7 
5 a — 
a i. ¢ ea 
—™ & v. 
‘ A —) ra 
é ~— ‘ 
\ * 
¢ na 4 
~ = gare asf a ae 
af vd 
ae a . 
- = > : 
q Ay ga he, ! 
~thee CN = BO / 
“~~ ts ia a » / 
‘ a ave = cas aya 
= SON “ OS 
= vn fy q 
> Q SY LZ f fh, WA 
———, & {+ 
~ eS oe 
Hy h Be _- 
md fos {J 2 Y y 
Sy ue —_ 2 
= ‘ a = > 
a ee 
se NX “"\ 
~~ ~~ 
— a alh- f IO 
-— jrr~ Ss et => ~ 
Kerr f < — a a 


368 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


‘stofiuijav ‘Fy ‘satdeds auo surequod snua3 ayy, “viSunforjazy Jo UOTNGISIP ay] “Tg an31y 


369 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


‘satoads stdAyeursay Z AToyewtxoidde suteyu0d snuas ay, :payeoTput 
are uede{ pue sautddiryg ayy ‘erpeysny wo papiooal satdeds jo sraquinyy ‘viuiuvsdosajapy s1dAyeutray JO UOYNGISIp au, “Eg a1n3ry 


‘satdads 7 suteju0d 
snuas ay, ‘pa}yeotpul are uede{ pue sautddyryg ayy ‘eyeysny wo papiodai satdads jo slaquiny ‘vyj1joduazy JO UOYNQIYsIp ay, “zg aAN3Iy 


370 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


‘satads 7 ATayeutxoidde sutezuod 


snua8 ayy, ‘payeorput are uede{ pue saurddyyg ay} ‘erpensny woy paprosai saieds jo sraquinyy ‘vioydouphH yo uoyNqIysSIp aL “Sg aINSTy 


371 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


snua3 aul 


‘po}eoIpul aie uede{ pue sautddryg au} ‘eyeysny Woy pap1odei satdads jo sIaqunN 


‘satdads g ATayeurtxoidde suteyuo0s 


‘va4jsujdz] JO UOWNQLYSIp UL “6g aINSIZ 


373 


DISTRIBUTIONS 


GENERIC 


372 


DISTRIBUTIONS 


GENERIC 


‘sluasojday] Jo wtAUOUAS P OSTR SI vadjsulaqwAD “sLuasoNjapy Snua3 au ut padeyd Aguanbay ‘yyuynon9 “7 sadeds squepy ayy Butpnyout ‘sadeds FT ATeyeurxoidde 
SuTeyUOD snuas ay], “payedtput aze uede/ pue seutddyryg ayy ‘eyeysny Woy paepiosai sabeds jo slaqumny, ‘suiasojda] Jo UOWNGUASIp aU “19 aMB1z 


{ as . 


ON Sin } . 
\ ang oA 
f . o> CP - , 
ne 
a = sti Ls » 
a + _—e ANS . 
‘aes / ye 7 
psig j 


‘satdads Z suteyuod snua3 ayy ‘wiSAuyd “7 Jo yeuy St 
a3uel st] JO [TY “peledtput ere uede{ pue seutddipug au} ‘elpeljsny wo papiodel satdads jo slaquiny ‘viu0jdz] jo UOYNQySIp ay “99 aIn31q 


bd + [(~ ° 
7 e ~ a) 7s 
e. z aa ie . 
. SS ele ZL ° 
N eek GS gn So) : 
\ ~~. . ~E >) {<4 * : 
£ . tfm 3 > ee = 
eae 1 ‘ © At SAYS oo ° 
> — . w 4 St bp ° <A 
=“ ™~ ° da 3 ee 
= . ja\ . Oo Sf Wr 
e-em bry ‘ ° Sp een. J °\ 
ar 7 a wl val Se a Laue 
eerein,. 
+ . Ze an \ 
ep? Ze 8} * 
a ent. i fo SY 
a SE », 2 ~ 
— et A —~ Ame 
= = ul cars: reg 


374 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


‘satdads 6 Ajayeurtxoidde sutejuos 


snuas ay ‘payeotpul are uede{ pue sautddymyg au} ‘eredsny wo papsodal satdads jo slaquinn ‘viyjhydogoy] Jo uoYNqUIsIp ay], “9 aN3Iy 


‘sateds fF ATayeutxoidde suteyu0d 
snua3 ay], ‘pa}edtput aie uede/{ pue sautddrryg au} ‘eyessny wor papiodai satads jo slequinN ‘uojAydoyjr7] Jo UOYNQIYsSIp ey, “79 aIN3I1y 


375 


DISTRIBUTIONS 


GENERIC 


“DulOa.v “WF ‘satdads auo suteyuod snus3 sul “suIIUDYy JO UOYNGLYSIp au “sg amn31z 


\ 4 
\ “~thege — 
CH ee \ ‘d 
MeN SG su 


‘saidads sid4eunuay F Ajayeurtxoidde sutejzuod snuaZ 
ay] “payediput are uede/ pue sautddrnyg ayy ‘epensny wioy papiodal sadads jo siaqumyy ‘siavupyyy 21dAyeutay jo UoANqLysIp ayy “79 amn31z 


¢ 
A = > A—c — 
~ UZ ow ff ) 
o « 4 ” , rag 
. ad Py res va 
e ) 2™ | 
= > - 
© eh re ee, . 
»* €é “ sae EP RL J 
“eg = ~ st ee - —— t 
- \ rh =f Wa 
KOO Pe ebake e ty “SS 4) 
~ Re aN xt f., ‘we * 1a 4 
o ae; 
aera es + <> ma 
° ‘ amy NO c y ~ 
a! § _ = gy + Po 4 \ 
ore tt * a. a, ir ys XY 
<— x tye “x ay —\ 
‘ee f in 2. 
Se Th as nv om 
» — 
a, 4 et A >: = Pg 
ao af 2. Fee 
ane if Lem Ee% 


376 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


‘satdads ¢ sutejuod snua3 ay ‘vUINayy JO UOYNIYSIp AY, *Z9 aAN31y 


377 


“eyeQsny M wo edAjojoy ayy woy ATUo uMOUy ‘1ju2y “yy ‘SaDads auo suteyuOD snua3 ayy ~wASyUoyy Jo UOyNQIsSIp ayy “69 2IN31z 


-=S> aon 
Sy mes f 
Se, ih 
)- el a 
BSF f 


DISTRIBUTIONS 


-saDdads ¢] Ajayeumxoidde sutejyuo> 
snuas sy] ~payedipul are uede{ pue ssuiddynyg aw ‘eyensny wo pep10se1 saDads jo slaquMNy “vaLsHJUOYy JO UONNGLSIP sy *gg amn31Lyz 


-» GENERIC 


va oo 7 
a i 7. | 
vy; — } 
4 a “aT, Jn f 
c t / ‘ 
te 
= + = re { Mafes 
. ~ e o f¢ 7 
~ . call ae z fore y ot 
y * «. S rat UV 
Ta,- + ; * . 
Te, “pa 
- e~ ” NS a ‘S a . - 
~2g ~~ Fe 
“at Ea iio“ pie = e 
a Pe eee re, a t\QYSS 
~~ r Py \ 
Pe Ps a. ma / “at 
A anes ae af cs = 
: ae os re y 
=> ba. an yo a y a <\ 
ae 2. y £ 
ee m : ew oe eat! an a e « 
8 z ies WA 
ean cA se : an po o> 
— ie a = ae 
ae ff Fe Ly, Loony = a a 
mid L rs! reek @ 


378 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


— 7 a 2 
ye ° 
f 
L ae E c 
) J 3 
o J 
= 4 
> — hey —— + it ___— = — 
i a oa 
. Pah a 
¢ 3 — _— 
\ “ES DS. f 
es Se ee a 
ae = : s 


“‘DIOI[AISIID] W ‘Seldeds auo sute}uod snuas ayy “whajasoyy jo UONGLYSIp aul, “TL am3ij 


379 


“saideds gg sea] ye suteyuOD 
snuaZ aul “pa}edIpul aie uede{ pue sautddyrug ayy ‘eyensny woy papiodal satdeds jo slaquinNy ‘wiodijuoyy Jo UONNGLYsSIp sul “OZ eIN31z 


= my zz 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


‘vsojnduv “yy ‘satdads auo sureyuod snuas ay ‘vssnyy Jo UOYNaIysIp ay “ZZ amnB1q 


\ 


\ 
\ 
ae 5 —_— a 
| ( 
\ tae 
eat 
ba WA 
ae \ ened ay 
. Vs \ 


380 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


‘sarsads ¢ Ajayeurtxoidde suteyuod snua3 ayy ‘v1jAydojaohy Jo UOYNGIASIp AY], “SZ aN31y 


‘satdeds 7 Ajayewutxoidde suteyuo0d 
snua3 dy ‘pa}eotput are uede/ pue sautddyryg ay} ‘erpeysny wos papiodai satdads jo siaquinn ‘wmipaohpy jo uoyNqLysIp sul, “PZ ean31y 


381 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


382 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


‘satoads ¢ ATayeurtxoidde sute}u0d 


snua$ ay, ‘payeorput are uede{ pue sautddynyg ay} ‘eresny woy papsosai satdads jo sraquny ‘viodAxGQ Jo UOYNAIysIp ayL *6Z aINSIA 


snua3 dy 


‘satdads ¢ Ajayeumtxoidde suteyu05 


‘payeotpul are uedef pue sautddytyg ay} ‘epeysny wo pap1odai satdeds jo siaquiny ‘vijjhydojnC Jo UOYNQU\sIp sy], *gZ aINB1y 


383 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


“psoas “q ‘satdads auo suteyu0s ATqeqoid snua’ ay], ‘vaijsunujug Jo UOHNIYSIP ay ‘Lg an31y 


snuas au ° 


‘satads F AyTayewtxo1dde suteyu0o 
payeotpur are uede{ pure saurddyryg ayy ‘eyensny wo papsodai satads jo saqumyy ‘sliashydug JO UOYNGLUYSIp ay], ‘9g amnB1z 


384 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


‘pyxaqioyduus ‘g ‘satdads auo suteyuod snua3 ay], ‘vasjsujdiuusvsvd JO UOTINGIYSIP ABUL “€8 ain3Lq 


385 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


‘satdads 7 ATayeutxoidde sute}yu05 
snuas ay], ‘payedtput ase uede/ pue sautddryyg ayy ‘erpeysny wo papsodai satdads jo siaquiny ‘v1u1J2ag JO UOYNIYsIp sy °¢g amn31y 


LG d 


386 


‘satdeds 77 Ajayewtxoidde suteyuod 
snuas dy ‘payedtpul aie uedef pue sautddiyiyg ay} ‘elyeysny wor papiodai satdeds jo slaquinN ‘yuoaug JO UOYNLYSIp ey “Pg anBriy 


| rag 
—~ 
é 

— = a a ar So er —r ~. . .? a 

\ ‘ f e 

) f 7 5 
} | os 
{ J \ e 

\ - . r<¢ _ 2. igs _ --. 

NL ae f e 
\ \ 
\ : ae a . 
> : Cote eer 
t "ae = tr aa e » 
ase a a 2a0! 
ye ‘ak 
A \ } Ne 
¢ We a 

ry Yo va Le 
KOE f 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


‘tuajhv ‘gq ‘satads auo sureyuod snuas ayy ‘vyjhydoshyg Jo UONGLYASIP ay “2g eINSty 


‘satdeds ¢ suteyu0d 


snuas ay], ‘payeotput aie uede/ pur sautddiyiyg au} ‘erpeasny wo papiodai satdads jo siaquinn ‘wiASoshyg JO UONIIYsIp sy], *9g aIN31y 


387 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


‘wyyphydozuaman snuas ayy sapnyouy “setdads ¢ suteyu0D 
snuas ay] ‘peyeotput are uede/ pure sautddyryg ayy ‘erpeysny wos papi0de1 sateds jo sraquinyy ‘vsASo1a]q JO UOYNQIASIp aU], “6g aAN31y 


‘satdeds 7] Ajayewtxoidde sutejuo0d 
snua3 ay], ‘pa}eotput are uede/ pure soutddrryg au} ‘eresjsny wos papsodai sateds jo siaquinny ‘w4ASAjy]g JO UOYNQIYSIp aU, “gg amn3Iy 


388 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


snuas su, 


‘satoads gt Ajayeumtxoidde suteyuo0s 


‘payeotput ore uede{ pure saurddyyg ayy ‘erpeysny wo papiodai satads jo siaqumny ‘vsodosji90g JO UOINIYSIP ABUL, “16 aINSIY 


389 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


‘satdads ¢ suteju0d snuas ay], ‘vuidjv} ‘gq Jo yey} SI asueI 
STA JO [TV “payeorput are uedef pue sourddipyg ayy ‘eyerjsny wor papsooai sateds jo saqumny “v1yjhydhjog jo UONAIYsIp aUL *E6 eANBIy 


‘satdads 7 suteyuod snuas ay] ‘vaaujsn42 ‘g JO yey} ST aBuRI 
STU} JO [TY “payeotpul are uede/ pue sourddiryg ayy ‘eyessny wor papsodai saidads jo siaqumny ‘viouqupog JO UOYNISIP aU, “7 aINSIy 


390 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


‘satoads ct ATayeutxoidde suteyu0d 


snua3 ay], “‘payeorput are uede/ pue sautddymyg au} ‘eypeysny wo papiodai saldads jo siaquinnN ‘v10901MIUYSg JO UOYNIYSIP ayL, “G6 aINSIA 


"5 


D LO d 


‘satdeds 9g yseay] ye SUTe}UOD 


snuas ay], “‘payeotpul are uede{ pue saurddiyryg ay} ‘erpeysny wor paps10da1 satdads jo siaquny ‘saji4og JO UOYNIASIp aU], “FE aINS1y 


391 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


snua3 aul, * 


‘saloads 7 sute}u0d 
poeyeotpur are uede/ pure saurddynyg ayy ‘eyeysny woxy paprzooai satoads jo siaqumyy ‘vyj1]0]ypuvs Jo UOYNaLSIp ayy, “26 any 


392 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


‘vandissyf ‘S ‘satdads auo suteyuod snuas ay], “‘vUI[NI0Z1Y9g JO UOYNIYSIp ay], *66 AINSI 


86 aNnSIy 


393 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


‘satoads ¢ Ajayewtxoidde suteyuod snuas ayy, “x144sAy *S Jo yey} SI oBuRI 
STY} JO ISO] “po}Ptput aie uede/ pue saurddyryg ayy ‘eypensny wos papsooal satdads jo siaquinyy ‘vodojyisag Jo UOYNAIYSIp sul, ‘LOL en314 


‘satdads % Ajayeutxoidde sutejyu05 
snuas ay “pa}eorput are uede{ pue sautddipyg ay} ‘erpesny wo pap10da1 satdads Jo slaquinN ‘wNuAjoIS JO UONLUYSIp sy “OOL eAn31z 


394 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


‘stupjnaisaa ‘§ ‘satdads auo suteyuod snuas ay “va4jsujdiuis JO UOINGIASIp AY, “EOL aanBIy 


‘satdeds ¢ Ajayewtxoidde sute}u09 


snuas dy], ‘pa}eotpur ore uede{ pure sautddryiyg ay} ‘eperysny wor papiodai satdads Jo slaquinnNy ‘vasjsusapis JO UOTNISIP 9UL “ZOL eAN3Iy 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


‘NUIaYINU *S ‘satdads auO suTeyUOD snuea’3 ay] ‘wUao20UvYdajS Jo UOYNGLYSIp aul “SOL en31q 


396 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


snua3 aul ° 


‘satoads ¢ AjTayewtxoidde sutejuo5 


payeorput are uede{ pue sautddryg au} ‘eyeysny wo papsosai satdads jo staquiny ‘vjjatuaos0jhjs JO UOYNGLUSIp aU, *ZOT aan31yq 


397 


RIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


4 


sENE 


‘satdads 9 Ajayewtxoidde sutejuo0s 
snuas ay] “‘peyeorput are uede/ pue saurddynyg ayy ‘eypensny WoJj papsoda1 saads jo staquny ‘viyjAydiuhs Jo UoYNLYySIp aYL “60 aIn31q 


‘satdeds ¢ ATayeutxoidde suteyuod snua’ ay “vywyj14s1d “s Jo yeu} st aBueI 
STU} JO SOW “payedtput are uede{ pue seurddyryg ay} ‘eyeysny wor papsodai satdeds jo siaquinyy -wioydojh3s Jo uOnNIIYSIpP sul “SOL amn31y 


We pete 


Spee ened, 


398 


GENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


‘satdads cq] ATayewtxoidde sutejuod 


snuas ay] ‘pa}eorpur are uede/ pue saurddynyg ay} ‘erjeysny woy papiosai satdads jo siaqumnN ‘vLUUIGAN] JO UOYNGIYSIP AY “LLL aanB31y 


a — 


399 


‘snyouyda “Z ‘Satdads auo suteyUod snua’ ay] “snjidooZ Jo uo\nquysIp ay “ZLT ammB1q 


ENERIC DISTRIBUTIONS 


~ 
J 


C 


2? aN 1 
‘3 Se 
XQ WD 1 
} * Ee \ 
\ 7 } 
. ; St é ) 
= 2 ey, 
* Ne 
ma DA, pM v 
ON RE BY ADS 
—— Tass ae 
» TS 
Dy” AAS fal f 
: Be AY , i= 
G oS iq ea , Z \ 
reo. ~ — 
ak, ‘4 oY 
2 i _™~ 
Fe oS YY “~N& a 


400 


20 
Acknowledgements 


The compilation of distribution data in the text, in tables, in the distribution maps 
and on electronic databases has been an enormous task that has been greatly assisted by 
many volunteers. I particularly thank Ms Lisa Saxby, Mr Tony Askam, Ms Margot Warnett, 
Mr Glen Docherty, Mr Adam Birstwhistle, Ms Sarah Stobart, Ms Juliette King, Ms Fiona 
Webster and Ms Catherine Corkery for their major contributions to this study. 


The publication has also been greatly supported by the staff of the Austalian 
Institute of Marine Science, with special thanks to Mr Kim Navin, Ms Christine Cansfield- 
Smith, Ms Inara Bush, Mr Steve Clarke and Ms Marty Eden. 


Distribution records have been obtained from a resume of all taxonomic literature, 
from the publications cited in the text, and from personal communications with many of 
these authors. In compiling these records, I have made use of unpublished information, with 
thanks to Steve Blake, Steve Cairns, Bruce Carlson, Jorge Cortés, Lallie Didham, Peter Glynn, 
Gregor Hodgson, Jim Maragos, Loisette Marsh, Moritaka Nishihira, John Pandolfi, Gustav 
Paulay, Jim Porter, Don Potts, Richard Randall, Brian Rosen, Ken Sebens, Charles Sheppard, 
Mary Stafford-Smith, Hiroyuki Tachikawa, and Mohideen Wafar. 


401 


21 
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415 


22 


Index 


(References to maps are in bold print) 


A 


Abd-el-Kuri 343 

abundance: common species 21, not 
otherwise indexed 

abundance: estimates of 21 

abundance: geographic variation in; see 
‘geographic variation in abundance’ 
(see also 'abundance:’) 

abundance: latitudinal variation in; see 
‘latitudinal variation in abundance’ 
(see also 'abundance:’) 

abundance: local variation in; see ‘local 
variation in abundance’ (see also 
‘abundance:’) 

abundance: rare species; see 'rare species’ 
(see also 'abundance:’, 'species:’) 

Acanthastrea 245, 346 

Acanthastrea amakusensis 245, 248 

Acanthastrea bowerbanki 245, 247 

Acanthastrea echinata 245 

Acanthastrea hemprichti 247 

Acanthastrea hillae 245, 246 

Acanthastrea ishigakiensis 249 

Acanthastrea lordhowensis 245, 248 

Acanthastrea rotundoflora 246 

Acrhelia 227, 229, 346 

Acrhelia horrescens 229, 344 

Acropora 19, 69, 85, 100, 108, 113, 347 

Acropora abrolhosensis 69, 83 

Acropora aculeus 69, 105 

Acropora acuminata 84 

Acropora akajimensis 86 

Acropora anthocercis 102 

Acropora aspera 92 

Acropora austera 92 


417 


Acropora azurea 105 
Acropora brueggemanni 71 
Acropora bushyensis 75 
Acropora cardinae 116 
Acropora carduus 115 
Acropora caroliniana 120 
Acropora cerealis 106 
Acropora chesterfieldensis 119 
Acropora clathrata 69, 110 
Acropora copiosa 87 
Acropora cuneata 70 
Acropora cytherea 69, 97 
Acropora danai 78, 79 
Acropora delicatula 95 
Acropora dendrum 96 
Acropora digitifera 74 
Acropora divaricata 69, 110, 111 
Acropora diversa 109 
Acropora donei 96 
Acropora echinata 69, 114 
Acropora elegans 116 
Acropora elseyi 117 
Acropora exquisita 86 
Acropora florida 69, 121 
Acropora formosa 69, 82 
Acropora gemmifera 69, 72 
Acropora glauca 77 
Acropora grandis 69, 81 
Acropora granulosa 120 
Acropora haimei 97 
Acropora horrida 90 
Acropora humilis 69, 72 
Acropora hyacinthus 100, 101 
Acropora insignis 115 
Acropora intermedia 80 
Acropora kirstyae 88 
Acropora latistella 103 
Acropora listeri 81 


INDEX 


Acropora longicyathus 117 Acropora spicifera 69, 101 
Acropora loripes 119 Acropora splendida 84 
Acropora lovelli 77 Acropora squarrosa 119 
Acropora lutkeni 109 Acropora stoddarti 69, 113 
Acropora magnifica 99 Acropora striata 123 
Acropora microclados 98 Acropora subglabra 114 
Acropora microphthalma 87, 88 Acropora subulata 104 
Acropora millepora 94, 122 Acropora tanegashimensis 101 
Acropora mirabilis 122 Acropora tenella 99 
Acropora monticulosa 69, 73 Acropora tenuis 94 
Acropora multiacuta 75 Acropora teres 82 

Acropora nana 104 Acropora tortuosa 91 
Acropora nasuta 106 Acropora tubicinaria 75 
Acropora nobilis 79 Acropora tumida 102 
Acropora ocellata 71 Acropora valenciennesi 84 
Acropora palifera 69-71 Acropora valida 96, 108 
Acropora palmerae 79 Acropora variabilis 108 
Acropora paniculata 99 Acropora vaughani 91 
Acropora parilis 85 Acropora verwey! 76 
Acropora polystoma 80 Acropora wallaceae 124 
Acropora pruinosa 85 Acropora willisae 69, 121 
Acropora pulchra 69, 86, 93 Acropora yongei 97 
Acropora rambleri 112 Acroporidae 17, 37 
Acropora rayneri 120 Addu Atoll 341 

Acropora robusta 78, 79 Africa, south 341 
Acropora rosaria 118 Africa, west 341 

Acropora rotumana 78 Agaricia 177, 347 

Acropora samoensis 69, 74 Agariciidae 177 

Acropora sarmentosa 69, 123 age of colonies 86, 336 
Acropora schmitti 111 ahermatypic species 34, 35, 319, 331, 339 
Acropora secale 109 Aitutaki, Cook Is. 341, 342 
Acropora sekiseiensis 89 Aldabra 341 

Acropora selago 95 Alveopora 131, 159, 348 
Acropora solitaryensis 112 Alveopora allingi 159 
Acropora sp. Cocos (Keeling) Atoll 1 83 Alveopora catalai 159 
Acropora sp. Cocos (Keeling) Atoll 2 108 Alveopora excelsa 163 
Acropora sp. E Australia 1 73 Alveopora fenestrata 161 
Acropora sp. E Australia 2 89 Alveopora gigas 160 
Acropora sp. E Australia 3 107 Alveopora japonica 163 
Acropora sp. E Australia 4 107 Alveopora marionensis 160 
Acropora sp. E Australia 5 118 Alveopora spongiosa 162 
Acropora sp. Japan 1 88 Alveopora tizardi 164 
Acropora sp. Japan 2 95 Alveopora verrilliana 161 
Acropora sp. Philippines 111 Amakusa Is., Japan 3, 12-15 
Acropora sp. W Australia 90 Amami Is., Japan 3, 12-15 


418 


Amirantes 341 

Anacropora 19, 66, 348 
Anacropora forbesi 66 
Anacropora matthaii 67 
Anacropora puertogalerae 66 
Anacropora reticulata 68 
Anacropora sp. Philippines 68 
Anacropora spinosa 67 
Andaman Is. 341 

Anomastrea 349 

Anomastrea irregularis 165, 349 
Antilles, French 342 

Antilles, Netheralnds 343 
Arabian Gulf; see 'The Gulf' 343 
Arakan Coast, Burma 341 
Ascension I. 341 

Ashmore Reef, W Australia 2, 9-11 
Astreopora 19, 124, 349 
Astreopora cucullata 128 
Astreopora explanata 126 
Astreopora gracilis 126 
Astreopora incrustans 127 
Astreopora listeri 125 
Astreopora macrostoma 129 
Astreopora moretonensis 127 
Astreopora myriophthalma 124 
Astreopora ocellata 128 
Astreopora sp. E Australia 125 


Astreopora sp. Papua New Guinea 129 


Astreopora suggesta 129 


INDEX 


B 


back-reef margins 93, 110, 136 
Bahamas 341 

Baja, Gulf of California 
Barabattoia 278, 351 

Barabattoia amicorum 278, 351 
Barbados 341 

Belize 341 

Bermuda 341 

Blastomussa 241, 352 

Blastomussa merleti 241 
Blastomussa wellsi 242 

bleaching 154 

Boninastrea 257, 352 

Boninastrea boninensis 257, 352 
boring organisms 228 
Botryphyllia yaeyamaensis 324 
Brazil 341 

Bunker Reefs, Great Barrier Reef 2,5 
Burma, Arakan Coast 341 
Burma, Mergui Archipelago 342 


C 


calcification: environment correlated (see 


also 'calcification:') 265, 323 


calcification: geographic stability in (see 


also 'calcification:') 81 


calcification: geographic variation in (see 
also ‘calcification:’) 55, 69, 265, 279 

calcification in high latitudes (see also 
‘calcification:’) 55, 69, 81, 265, 279 

California (Gulf of) 341 

Cameroons 342 

Canary Is. 342 

Cantharellus 199, 353 

Cantharellus noumeae 199 

Cape Verde Is. 342 

Capricorn Reefs, Great Barrier Reef 2, 5-8 


Astreosmilia 265, 350 
Astreosmilia connata 350 
Astrocoeniidae 23 

Austral Is. 341 

Australia, eastern 2, 17 
Australia, southern 2, 17 
Australia, southwestern 9-11 
Australia, western 2, 3, 9-11, 18 
Australogyra 295, 350 
Australogyra zelli 295, 350 
Australomussa 244, 351 


Australomussa rowleyensis 244, 351 Cargados Carajos 342 
autotomy 205 Caryophylliidae 319 
Catalaphyllia 324, 353 


Catalaphyllia jardinei 324, 353 


419 


= INDEX 


Caulastrea 266, 267, 354 colour: polymorphism (see 'colour:’) 
Caulastrea curcata 267 colour: region-specific (see also 'colour:') 
Caulastrea echinulata 266 27, 48, 55, 81, 84, 98, 114, 117, 118, 122, 
Caulastrea furcata 266 170, 178, 214, 235, 236, 241, 244, 246, 254, 
Caulastrea tuntuda 266, 267 259, 262, 276, 280, 282, 283, 288, 297, 
Chagos Archipelago 342 298, 302, 308, 319 
China; see ‘South China Sea’ 343 colour: species specific; see ‘species specific 
Christmas 1. (Indian Ocean) 342 colouration’ (see also 'colour:') 
Cladocora 354 Colpophyllia 355 
Cladocora arbuscula 354 commensals 31 
Clavarina 260 common species 21, not otherwise indexed 
clearwater habitats (see also 'habitats:, Concoros 342 
‘light availability’) 105, 229, 266 Cook Is., Aitutaki 341 
Clipperton 1. 342 Cook Is., Manihiki 342 
coastal coral reefs Cook Is., Rarotonga 343 
Cocos (Keeling) Atoll 3, 18 Coral Sea 2, 5-8, 17 
Cocos 1, 342 Coscinaraeca 165, 171-173, 356 
Coclogyra laevis 297 Coscinaraea columna 173 
Cocloseris 194, 355 Coscinaraea crassa 176 
Coeloseris mayer! 194, 355 Coscinaraea exesa 172 
Colombia (Atlantic coast) 342 Cosemaraea hahazimaensis 176 
Colombia (Pacific coast( 342 Coscimaraeca marshae 174, 253 
colony age 86, 336 Coscinaraea meneilli 174, 244 
colony size, geographic variation in; see Coscinaraca monile 175 
‘geographic variation in colony size’ Coscinaraca wellsi 175 
colour: environment-correlated stability in Costa Rica (Atlantic coast) 342 
(see also ‘colour:') 301, 331 Costa Rica (Pacific coast) 342 
colour: environment-correlated variation in Craterastrea 372 
(see also 'colour:') 32, 285, 298, 308, 319, Craterastrea levis 191 
323 cryptic species (see also 'species:') 23, 24, 39, 
colour: geographic stability in; see 40, 175, 184 
‘geographic stability in colour’ (see also Ctenactis 216, 356 
‘colour:') Ctenactis crassa 217 
colour: geographic variation in; see Ctenactis echinata 216 
‘geographic variation in colour’ (see Ctenella 357 
also 'colour:') Ctenella chagius 355, 357 
colour: high-latitude-specific (see also Cuba 342 
‘colour:') 69, 178 currents 29, 109, 180 
colour: latitudinal stability in (see also Cycloseris 199, 200, 205, 357 
‘colour:') 325, 322 Cycloseris costulata 201 
colour: latitudinal variation in; see Cycloseris curvata 201 
‘latitudinal variation in colour’ (see also Cycloseris cyclolites 199 
‘colour:') Cycloseris elegans 201 
colour: local variation in; see ‘local variation Cycloseris erosa 202 
in colour’ (see also 'colour:’) Cycloseris hexagonalis 200 


420 


Cycloseris marginata 204 
Cycloseris patelliformis 203 
Cycloseris sinensis 200 
Cycloseris somervillei 202 
Cycloseris sp. Philippines 203 
Cycloseris tenuis 204 

Cycloseris vaughani 204 
Cynarina 242, 358 

Cynarina lacrymalis 242, 358 
Cyphastrea 307, 310, 358 
Cyphastrea agassizi 307 
Cyphastrea chalcidicum 308 
Cyphastrea chalcidicum tanabensis 309 
Cyphastrea decadia 311 
Cyphastrea japonica 309 
Cyphastrea microphthalma 310 
Cyphastrea ocellina 309 
Cyphastrea serailia 308 
Cyphastrea sp. W Australia 310 
Cyphastrea zhongjianensis 307 


D 


Dampier Archipelago, W Australia 2, 5-9 
Dar-es-Salaam (Tanzania) 343 

data characteristics 1-4 

data sources 1-4, 17-19 


INDEX 


deep habitats (see also ‘habitats:’) 33-35, 66, 


113, 114, 120, 186-188, 190, 195, 201, 
205, 221, 257, 265, 298, 323, 333-335 
Dendrogyra 359 
Dendrogyra cylindricus 359 
Dendrophylliidae 331 
Diaseris 205, 359 
Diaseris distorta 205 
Diaseris fragilis 205 
Dichocoenia 360 
Diploastrea 303, 360 
Diploastrea heliopora 303, 360 
Diploria 361 


disjunct distributions (see also ‘distribution:’) 


24, 33, 38, 43, 44, 47, 49, 53, 75-77, 81. 


83, 85, 86, 88, 96, 112, 115, 122, 140, 141, 


145, 160, 171, 201, 205, 219, 242, 243, 


300, 325, 331, 338 


421 


distribution: disjunct; see ‘disjunct 
distributions’ (see also 'distribution:’) 

distribution: endemic; see 'endemic species’ 
(see also ‘distribution’, 'species:’) 

distribution: recording of 2 

distribution: restricted within the Central 
Indo-Pacific (see also 'distribution:’) 
33, 35, 44, 46, 47, 56, 59-65, 67-69, 71, 
73,75, 82-84, 86, 89, 90, 95, 99, 101,103, 
105, 107, 108, 111-113, 116-119, 124, 127, 
129, 135, 137, 139-141, 144, 146, 152, 154, 
155, 157, 158, 162, 163, 166, 171, 172, 174- 
176, 181-184, 187, 193, 196, 197, 203, 210, 
213, 214, 216, 219, 221, 223, 224, 229, 
233-235, 237, 240, 248, 253, 259, 261, 273, 
274, 277, 278, 283, 284, 287, 289, 293, 294, 
307, 310, 311, 313, 321, 322, 324, 326-330, 
332, 336, 337 

distribution: widespread species; not 
indexed 

Djibouti 342 

dominant species (see also 'monospecific 
stands’, 'species:') 29, 52, 53, 66, 69-71, 
79, 85, 87, 88, 93, 97, 100, 101, 108, 113, 
114, 121, 123, 138, 159, 167, 180, 183, 
186, 187, 195, 196, 285, 315, 316, 322, 335 

Dominica 342 

Ducie Atoll; see ‘Pitcairn Is.' 343 

Duncanopsammia 339, 361 

Duncanopsammia axifuga 339, 361 


E 


Easter I. 342 

Echinophyllia 231, 362 
Echinophyllia aspera 231 
Echinophyllia echinata 232 
Echinophyllia echinoporoides 233 
Echinophyllia nishihirai 233 
Echinophyllia orpheensis 231, 232 
Echinophyllia patula 234 
Echinopora 312, 362 

Echinopora ashmorensis 312 
Echinopora gemmacea 313 
Echinopora hirsutissima 314 


INDEX 


Lehinopora horrida 34 

Pehinopora lamelfosa 312 

Relinopora maniuniifornis 315 

Lohinopora pacificns 343 

ecomorphs 23, 27, 29, 31-34, 40, 50 

Heouador 342 

Hlizabeth Reet, fh Australia 2, 5-8, 17 

emersion 285 

endemic species (see also ‘distributions, 
‘species:’) 44-46, 53, 56, 61, 64, 65, 71, 
73,82, 83, BB-90, 95,99, LOL, 105, 107, 
108, 116, 118, 123, 124, 127, 129, 135, 
137, 141, 144, 146, 152, 154-158, 162, 
171, 174, 176, 182-184, 187, 1938, 197, 
199, 203, 214, 216, 223, 229, 233, 235, 
240, 241, 253, 257, 259, 265, 273, 274, 
277, 278, 283, 284, 286, 287, 289, 294, 
807, 310, SEL, 82.1, 3822, 826, 330, 332, 337 

environment-correlated stability in colour 
(see also ‘colour:’) SOL, 331 

environment-correlated stability in 
morphology (see also ‘morphology: 
92, 162, 174, 181, 187, 192, 193, 267, 209, 
S01, 316, 320, 337-339 

environment-correlated variation in colour 
(see also 'colour:') 82, 285, 298, 308, 319, 
323 

environment-correlated variation in 
morphology (see also 'morphology:’) 
23, 27-29, 31-33, 40, 48, 52, 54, 55, 69-71, 
81, 86, 93, 97, 112, 135, 149, 166-169, 
178-180, 184-186, 188, 190, 195, 205, 
227-229, 257, 259, 265-268, 285, 290, 
293, 298, 319, 323, 331, 833-335, 339 

Erythrastrea 265, 363 

Erythrastrea flabellata 363 

Euphyllia 319, 363 

Euphyllia ancora 320, 322, 319 

Euphyllia cristata 321 

Euphyllia divisa 322 

Euphyllia fimbriata 319 

Euphyllia glabrescens 319-321 

Euphyllia paraancora 320-321 

Euphyllia paradivisa 320-321 

Euphyllia paraglabrescens 319, 320-321 


422 


Luphyllia yacyamaensis 323 

Rusmulia 319, 364 

Lusmilia fastigata 364 

exposed habitats (see also ‘habitats:') 56, 69, 
70-73, 76, 102, 104, 105, 159, 162, 180, 
181, 185, 190,207, 214, 239, 245, 265, 2 
68, 285, 296, 300, 309, 310, 322, 326, 328 

I}: 

Fanning 1, 342 

Pavia 265, 268, 271, 278, 279, 284, 364 

Fao amicorium 278 

Pavia danae 272 

Pao faous 271 

Fao heltanthotdes 269 

Fao laxa 269 

Pao lieardensis 276 

Fao maritima 277 

Pavia matthan 272 

Paoli maxima 274 

Pavia pallida 270, 271, 277 

Pavia rotumana 273 

Pavia rotundata 275 

Pavia sp, Papua New Guinea 277 

Favia sp, Thailand 278 

Pavia sp, Vanuatu 273 

Favia sp. W Australia 274 

Favia speciosa 270, 271 

Favia stelligera 268 

Favia veront 276 

Faviidae 265, 317 

Favites 279, 284, 286, 365 

Favites abdita 280, 281 

Favites bennettae 297 

Favites chinensis 279 

Favites complanata 282 

Favites flexuosa 281 

Favites halicora 281 

Favites pentagona 283 

Favites russelli 284 

Favites sp. W Australia 284 

Favites stylifera 283 

Fiji 342 

Flinders Reef, E Australia 2, 5-8, 17 


Florida (South) 342 

Florida Middle Grounds 342 

Flower Garden Banks 342 

French Antilles 342 

French Polynesia 19 

free-living species 166, 199-221, 242-244, 
319, 331, 339 

fringing reefs 110, 154, 160, 229, 295 

Funafuti, Tuvalu 342 

Fungia 207, 211, 214, 365 

Fungia (Ctenactis) echinata 216 

Fungia (Ctenactis) simplex 217 

Fungia (Cycloseris) curvata 201 

Fungia (Cycloseris) cyclolites 199 

Fungia (Cycloseris) hexagonalis 200 

Fungia (Cycloseris) sinensis 200 

Fungia (Cycloseris) somervillei 202 

Fungia (Cycloseris) tenuis 204 

Fungia (Cycloseris) vaughani 204 

Fungia concinna 212 

Fungia corona 208 

Fungia danai 208 

Fungia fralinae 210 

Fungia fungites 207 

Fungia granulosa 213 

Fungia horrida 209 

Fungia klunzingeri 211 

Fungia moluccensis 215 

Fungia paumotensis 215 

Fungia repanda 207, 211 

Fungia scabra 212 

Fungia scruposa 209 

Fungia scutaria 207, 214 

Fungia sp. Philippines 214 

Fungia sp. Vanuatu 216 

Fungia spinifer 213 

Fungia valida 210 

Fungiidae 19, 199 


G 


Galapagos Is. 342 
Galaxea 227, 366 
Galaxea alta 229 
Galaxea astreata 227 


INDEX 


Galaxea fascicularis 227-229 

Gardineroseris 193, 366 

Gardineroseris planulata 193 

Gardineroseris sp. Thailand 193 

Gaveshani Bank 342 

genera: taxonomic uncertainties of; see 
‘taxonomic uncertainties of genera’ 
Geographe Bay, W Australia 3, 9-11 

geographic stability in abundance; not 
indexed 

geographic stability in calcification (see also 
‘calcification:') 81 

geographic stability in colour (see also 
‘colour:') 27, 28, 31, 34, 48, 49, 59, 69, 
76, 87, 90, 92-94, 102, 105, 108, 109, 112, 
115, 121, 122, 136, 141, 149, 150, 159, 
160, 162, 163, 168, 177, 219, 233, 234, 
238, 242, 246-248, 251, 254, 255, 262, 
266, 271-273, 276, 279, 280, 282, 285, 
287-289, 297, 298, 301, 302, 305, 320, 
324, 325, 331, 335 

geographic stability in environment- 
correlated morphological variation 
(see also 'morphology:’) 74, 165, 174, 
260, 267, 301, 303, 316 

geographic stability in morphology (see 
also 'morphology:’) 28, 29, 31, 34, 37-43, 
47-49, 58-60, 62, 63, 68-71, 73-76, 78-87, 
91, 92, 94, 95, 97, 99, 100, 102-104, 106, 
108-110, 112, 114, 115, 117, 120, 121, 123, 
124, 126, 130, 135, 138-140, 142, 143, 145, 
148-151, 153, 154, 156, 159, 160, 162, 165, 
167, 169, 172-178, 180, 187, 188, 192, 
193-196, 206-217, 219, 220, 222, 224, 227, 
231, 233, 235, 238, 239, 241, 245, 247-249, 
251, 254, 255, 259-261, 265, 267-269, 271, 
272, 276-279, 281-286, 288-293, 295, 301, 
303, 304, 308-312, 315, 316, 319, 320, 
322-326, 328, 331, 335-339 

geographic stability in skeletal micro- 
architecture (see also 'morphology:’) 
24, 48, 50, 51, 77, 132,-134, 180, 185, 231, 
263 

geographic subspecies (see also 'species:') 
45, 66, 87, 90, 92, 96, 99, 108, 113, 161, 


INDEX 


220, 255, 263, 274, 298, 299-301, 306, geographic variation in skeletal morphology 
312, 334 (see also ‘latitudinal variation in 
geographic variation in abundance (see skeletal morphology’, 'morphology:’) 
also 'abundance:') 21, 23, 27, 34, 39, 40, 23, 27, 33, 37, 40, 44, 46, 49-52, 57, 66, 
42, 44, 47-52, 54, 55, 57, 58, 60, 62-64, 69, 70, 76, 77, 81, 84, 90, 92, 93, 96,98- 
66, 69, 70, 72-74, 76-78, 81-84, 86-88, 100, 102, 108, 112, 119, 122, 124, 126, 
90-94, 98, 100, 102-106, 110, 111, 113, 117, 161, 179, 227, 229, 249, 262, 263, 265, 


119-123, 125-127, 131-135, 140, 142, 143, 
144, 148, 154, 155, 159-162, 166-173, 175, 
177-182, 187, 188, 190, 191, 194, 195, 199, 
206, 207, 210, 211, 214, 215, 219, 220, 
224, 227, 231-233, 235-238, 241, 242, 
244, 245, 250, 251, 255, 258, 259, 261, 
262, 265-268, 270-272, 276, 278-283, 285, 
287-293, 295-297, 301, 304-306, 309-311, 
314, 316, 319, 320, 323, 326, 331-333, 
327, 328 

geographic variation in calcification (see 
‘calcification:') 55, 69, 265, 279 

geographic variation in colony size 23, 29, 
46, 55, 70, 75, 90, 101, 122, 131, 133, 150, 
173, 174, 176, 180, 181, 184, 228, 252, 
254, 263, 312, 334 

geographic variation in colour (see also 
‘colour:') 27, 48, 54, 69, 81, 84, 98, 104, 
105, 114, 117, 118, 122, 147, 162, 168, 170, 
178, 214, 233, 233, 235, 236, 241, 244, 
246, 247, 254, 255, 259, 263, 270-272, 
275, 276, 279, 280, 283, 285, 288, 289, 
297, 298, 320 

geographic variation in environment- 
correlated morphological variation 
(see also 'morphology:’) 32-34, 40, 54, 
79, 70, 74, 86, 87, 92, 97, 110, 135, 167- 
169, 178, 180, 186, 188, 190, 192, 193, 
195, 205, 257, 259, 265, 268, 285, 293, 
323, 331, 333, 334, 339 

geographic variation in skeletal micro- 
architecture (see also 'morphology’) 
23, 33, 34, 46, 48, 51, 66, 68, 70, 77, 78, 
81, 88, 90, 93-95, 100, 105, 108, 113, 119, 
122, 133, 143, 155, 156, 161, 168, 167, 
179, 181, 184, 191, 228, 246, 249, 257, 
271, 275, 286, 299, 307 


424 


266-268, 287, 289, 300, 301, 305, 306, 

307, 310, 312, 333 
geographic variation in soft tissue 

morphology 255, 328 
Geraldton, W Australia 2, 9-11 
Ghana 342 
Gold Coast 342 
Goniastrea 285, 286, 367 
Gontastrea aspera 287 
Goniastrea australensis 289 
Gontastrea deformis 286 
Gontastrea edwardsi 286 
Goniastrea favulus 287 
Goniastrea palauensis 290 
Goniastrea pectinata 288 
Goniastrea retiformis 285, 286 
Goniastrera simplicitexta 307 
Goniastrea sp. W Australia 289 
Goniopora 131, 147, 158, 367 
Goniopora burgosi 152 
Gontopora cellulosa 152 
Goniopora columna 150 
Goniopora djiboutiensis 148 
Goniopora eclipsensis 154 
Goniopora fruticosa 155 
Goniopora lobata 149 
Goniopora minor 153 
Goniopora norfolkensis 153 
Goniopora palmensis 154 
Goniopora pandoraensis 154 
Goniopora pendulus 149 
Goniopora polyformis 156 
Goniopora somaliensis 150 
Goniopora sp. E Australia 1 157 
Goniopora sp. E Australia 2 157 
Goniopora sp. W Australia 1 158 
Goniopora sp. W Australia 2 155 
Goniopora sp. W Australia 3 158 


INDEX 


Goniopora stokesi 148 

Gontopora stutchburyi 156 
Goniopora tenuidens 151 

Good Hope (Cape of); see 'South Africa’ 343 
Goreaugyra 368 

Goreaugyra memoralis 368 

Great Barrier Reef 2, 58 
Grenadines; see 'Barbados' 341 
groove and tubercle formation 286 
Guam 342 

Gulf of California, Baja 341 
Gyrosmilia 328, 368 

Gyrosmilia interrupta 328, 366 


H 


habitats: back-reef margins (see also 
‘habitats:') 93, 110, 136 

habitats: clear-water (see also ‘habitats:’, 
‘light availability’) 105, 229, 266 

habitats: currents (see also ‘habitats:') 29, 
109, 180 

habitats: deep; see 'deep habitats’ (see also 
‘habitats:') 

habitats: exposed; see 'exposed habitats’ 
(see also ‘habitats:’) 

habitats: fringing reefs (see also ‘habitats:’) 
110, 154, 160, 229, 295 

habitats: high-latitude; see ‘high-latitude 
habitats’ (see also ‘habitats:’, 
'geographic:’) 

habitats: inter-reefal (see also ‘habitats:’) 
199, 201, 339 

habitats: inter-tidal; see ‘intertidal habitats’ 
(see also ‘habitats:') 

habitats: kelp dominated 253 

habitats: lagoonal; see ‘lagoonal habitats’ 
(see also ‘habitats:’) 

habitats: light availability; see ‘light 
availability’ (see also ‘habitats:’) 

habitats: lower reef slopes; see ‘lower reef 
slopes’ (see also ‘habitats:’) 

habitats: muddy (see also ‘light availability’, 
‘habitats:') 228, 285, 327 

habitats: protected; see ‘protected habitats’, 
(see also ‘habitats:’) 


425 


habitats: reef flats; see 'reef flats', (see also 
‘habitats:') 

habitats: reef slopes; see ‘lower reef slopes’, 
‘upper reef slopes’ 

habitats: rocky 253, 285, 301 

habitats: sand abrasion 178 

habitats: sandy 52, 201, 285, 339 

habitats: sea grass dominated 205 

habitats: shallow; see ‘shallow habitats’, 
(see also ‘habitats:’) 

habitats: soft substrates; see 'soft substrates’ 
(see also ‘habitats:’, ‘light availability’) 

habitats: steep substrates; see 'steep substrates’ 

habitats: subtidal (see also ‘habitats:') 54, 295 

habitats: turbid; see 'turbid habitats’ (see 
also ‘light availability’, 'habitats:’) 

habitats: upper reef slopes; see ‘upper reef 
slopes’ (see also ‘habitats:) 

habitats: wave action; see 'wave action’, 
(see also ‘habitats:’) 

Hainan 342 

Halomitra 220, 369 

Halomitra pileus 220, 369 

Hapalocarcinus marsupialis 31 

Hawaii 342 

Heliofungia 206, 369 

Heliofungia actiniformis 206, 369 

Helioseris 177, 372 

Henderson I.; see 'Pitcairn Is.’ 343 

Herpetoglossa simplex 217 

Herpolitha 217, 370 

Herpolitha limax 217 

Herpolitha weberi 218 

Heterocyathus 319 

Heteropsammia 319, 339, 370 

Heteropsammia cochlea 339 

high-latitude-specific colours (see also 
‘colour:') 69, 178 

high-latitude habitats (see also ‘habitats:’) 
2, 3, 27, 32, 40, 44, 45, 53, 69, 70, 77, 78, 
84, 90, 91, 108, 112, 132, 149, 152, 162, 
174, 184, 191, 196, 199, 200, 201, 205, 
207, 214, 222, 228, 231, 241, 242, 245, 
248, 257, 258, 259, 261, 265, 266, 271, 
279, 280, 286, 289, 301-304, 308, 331- 
334, 339 


INDEX 


Honduras 342 

Hong Kong 3, 18 

Horastrea 371 

Horastrea indica 371 
Houtman Abrolhos Is. 2, 9-11 
Hydnophora 257, 371 
Hydnophora bonsai 259 
Hydnophora exesa 257, 259 
Hydnophora grandis 257, 258 
Hydnophora microconos 260 
Hydnophora pilosa 257, 258 
Hydnophora rigida 257, 258, 261 


I 


identification uncertainties of species 1, 3, 
21, 30, 31, 87, 110, 119, 149, 155, 157, 
196, 203-205, 229, 252, 258, 270, 328 

India (southern mainland) 342 

Indonesia 342 

Indophyllia 241, 372 

Indophyllia macassarensis 241, 372 

inter-reefal habitats (see also ‘habitats:') 
199, 201, 339 

inter-tidal habitats (see also 'habitats:') 138, 
265, 271, 285, 287, 316 

Isophyllastrea 372 

Isophyllastrea rigida 372 

Isophyllia 373 

Ivory Coast 342 

Izu, Japan 3, 12-15 


J 


Jamaica 342 

Japan 18 

Johnston Atoll 342 

Jurian Bay, W Australia 2, 9-11 


K 


Kanton I. 342 

kelp dominated habitats 253 

Kenya 342 

Kermadec Is. 342 

Kimberley coast, W Australia 3, 911 
Korea 342 


426 


Kure Atoll 342 
Kushimoto, Japan 3, 12-15 
Kutch (Gulf of) 342 
Kuwait 342 


L 


lagoonal habitats (see also 'habitats:') 32, 
44,52, 55, 69, 70, 85, 89, 93, 105, 114, 
117, 125, 150, 159, 178, 186, 201, 205, 
206, 257, 285, 288, 315, 316, 319, 326, 328 

Lakshadweep Is. 342 

latitudinal stability in colour (see also 'colour:’) 
325, 331 

latitudinal variation in abundance (see also 
‘abundance:’) 40, 58, 69, 77, 78, 87, 90- 
92, 104, 111, 120, 122, 126, 127, 143, 152, 
158, 162, 169, 172, 174, 191, 196, 207. 
214, 244, 245, 248, 257, 265, 267, 268, 
271, 279, 284, 289, 293, 331, 332, 335, 338 

latitudinal variation in colour (see also 
‘colour:') 27, 69, 81, 90, 170, 178, 235, 
236, 247, 255, 259, 271, 272, 276, 280, 
283, 288, 298, 302, 308 

latitudinal variation in skeletal morphology 
(see also 'geographic variation in 
skeletal morphology’, 'morphology’) 
27, 40, 45, 55, 76, 77, 84, 92, 96, 102, 108, 
112, 119, 137, 143, 149, 184, 199, 220, 
242, 261, 279, 298, 302, 331, 333 

Lau Archipelago; see 'Fiji’ 342 

Laysan I. 342 (see also 'Hawaii' 342) 

Leptastrea 304, 307, 373 

Leptastrea agassizi 308 

Leptastrea bewickensis 306 

Leptastrea bottae 304 

Leptastrea inaequalis 304 

Leptastrea pruinosa 306 

Leptastrea purpurea 305 

Leptastrea sp. W Australia 307 

Leptastrea transversa 305 

Leptoria 295, 374 

Leptoria irregularis 296 

Leptoria phrygia 295, 374 

Leptoseris 19, 177, 186, 190, 192, 374 


INDEX 


Leptoseris amitoriensis 187 

Leptoseris cucullata 372 

Leptoseris explanata 188 

Leptoseris foliosa 191 

Leptoseris gardineri 187 

Leptoseris glabra 188 

Leptoseris hawaiiensis 190 

Leptoseris incrustans 192 

Leptoseris mycetoseroides 186, 190 

Leptoseris panamensis 186 

Leptoseris papyracea 186 

Leptoseris scabra 188, 190 

Leptoseris solida 189 

Leptoseris tenuis 192 

Leptoseris yabei 186, 191 

light availability (see also 'habitats:’) 32, 136, 
168, 175, 186, 188, 265, 285, 326, 328 

Line Is. see 'Fanning I.' 342 

Lithactinia 218 

Lithactinia novaehiberniae 219 

Lithophyllon 222, 375 

Lithophyllon cf. edwardsi 222 

Lithophyllon levistei 223 

Lithophyllon lobata 223 

Lithophyllon mokai 222 

Lithophyllon undulatum 222, 223 

Lobophyllia 249, 252, 375 

Lobophyllia corymbosa 251 

Lobophyllia diminuta 250 

Lobophyllia hatati 252 

Lobophyllia hemprichti 249, 251 

Lobophyllia pachysepta 251 

Lobophyllia robusta 252 

local variation in abundance (see also 
‘abundance:’) 21, 49, 69, 174, 188, 199, 
201, 205, 229, 233, 265, 319, 322 

local variation in colour (see also 'colour:’) 
54, 81, 85, 162, 241, 242, 248, 302 

Lord Howe I., E Australia 2, 5, 17 

lower reef slopes (see also ‘habitats:’) 37, 113, 
114, 120, 150, 159, 160, 161, 186, 239 


M 


Madagascar 342 

Madracis 27, 34, 376 

Maadracis asanoi 34, 35 

Madracis kirbyi 34, 35 

Malacca Straits 342 

Malaysia (East Coast) 342 

Malaysia (Sabah) 343 

Maldive Is. 342 

Manicina 376 

Manicina areolata 376 

Manihiki, Cook Is. 342 

Marianas, see 'Guam' 342 

Marmion, W Australia 2, 9-11 

Marquesas Is. 342 

Marshall Is. 19, 342 

Martinique 342 

Mascarene Is. 343 

Mauritius 342 

McKean I. 342 

Meandrina 377 

Mergui Archipelago, Burma 342 

Merulina 261, 377 

Merulina ampliata 261, 262 

Merulina scabricula 262 

Merulinidae 257 

Mexico (Atlantic coast) 342 

Middleton Reef, E Australia 2, 5-8, 17 

Midway Atoll 342 

Minicoy 342 

monospecific stands (see also 'dominant 
species’) 79, 93, 123, 138, 187, 196, 257, 
315, 335 

Montastrea 265, 298, 304, 378 

Montastrea annuligera 299 

Montastrea curta 298 

Montastrea magnistellata 300 

Montastrea multipunctata 299 

Montastrea valenciennesi 301 

Montigyra 329, 378 

Montigyra kenti 329, 378 

Montipora 19, 37, 40, 53, 69, 379 

Montipora aequituberculata 63 

Montipora altasepta 53 


Montipora angulata 37, 52 
Montipora australiensis 56 
Montipora cactus 60 
Montipora calcarea 43 
Montipora caliculata 51 
Montipora capitata 49 
Montipora capricornis 44 
Montipora cebuensis 62 
Montipora confusa 46 
Montipora corbettensis 61 
Montipora crassituberculata 64 
Montipora danae 48 

Montipora digitata 52, 53, 54 
Montipora efflorescens 57 
Montipora effusa 42 

Montipora florida 64 
Montipora floweri 39 

Montipora foliosa 60, 62 
Montipora foveolata 50, 51 
Montipora friabilis 63 
Montipora gaimardi 54 
Montipora grisea 58 

Montipora hirsuta 59 
Montipora hispida 55 
Montipora hoffmeisteri 39 
Montipora incrassata 50 
Montipora informis 37, 55 
Montipora lobulata 38 
Montipora mactanensis 47 
Montipora malampaya 60 
Montipora millepora 40 
Montipora mollis 37, 40 
Montipora monasteriata 37 
Montipora multipapillosa 62 
Montipora nodosa 58 
Montipora orientalis 56 
Montipora peltiformis 42 
Montipora samarensis 52 
Montipora setosa 44 

Montipora sp. Cocos (Keeling) Atoll 53 
Montipora sp. E Australia 1 45 
Montipora sp. E Australia 2 47 
Montipora sp. E Australia 3 61 
Montipora sp. Philippines 60 
Montipora sp. W Australia 1 65 


INDEX 


428 


Montipora sp. W Australia 2 65 

Montipora sp. W Australia 3 65 

Montipora spongodes 37, 45 

Montipora spumosa 46 

Montipora stellata 59 

Montipora tuberculosa 38 

Montipora turgescens 42, 43 

Montipora turtlensis 37, 41 

Montipora undata 47 

Montipora venosa 50, 51 

Montipora verrucosa 49 

morphology: age-correlated variation in 
(see also 'morphology:’) 86, 336 

morphology: environment-correlated 
stability in; see 'environment-correlated 
stability in morphology’ (see also 
‘morphology:’) 

morphology: environment-correlated variation 
in; see ‘environment-correlated variation 
in morphology’ (see also 'morphology:’) 

morphology: geographic variation in; see 
‘geographic variation in environment- 
correlated morphological variation’, 
(see also 'geographic stability in..', 
‘geographic variation in..', 'morphology:’) 

morphology: geographic stability in; see 
‘geographic stability in morphology’, 
(see also 'morphology:’, 'geographic 
stability in..', ‘geographic variation in..’) 

morphology: geographic variation in; see 
‘geographic variation in morphology’, 
(see also 'morphology:’, ‘geographic 
stability in..', ‘geographic variation in..’) 

morphology: latitudinal variation in; see 
‘latitudinal variation in skeletal 
morphology’ (see also 'morphology:’) 

Moseleya 316, 317, 379 

Moseleya latistellata 316, 379 

Mozambique 342 

muddy substrates (see also ‘habitats:’) 228, 
285, 327 

Mussa 380 

Mussa angulosa 380 

Mussidae 241 

Mussismilia 380 


Mycedium 236, 381 
Mycedium elephantotus 236 
Mycedium robokaki 237 
Mycetophyllia 381 


N 


Natal 342 

Nemenzophyllia 319, 385 

Nemenzophyllia turbida 319, 326 
Netherlands Antilles 342 

New Caledonia 342 

New South Wales 2, 58, 17 

Nha Trang 343 

Nicobar Is. 343 

Ningaloo Reef Tract, W Australia 2, 911 
North-west Cape, W Australia 3 


O 


Oculina 382 

Oculinidae 227 

Oeno Atoll; see ‘Pitcairn Is.' 343 
Okinawa Is., Japan 3, 12-15 
Oman (Gulf of) 343 
Oulastrea 301, 382 
Oulastrea crispata 301, 382 
Oulophyllia 297, 383 
Oulophyllia bennettae 297 
Oulophyllia crispa 297 
Oxypora 234, 383 

Oxypora crassispinosa 234 
Oxypora glabra 235 

Oxypora lacera 235 


P 


Pachyseris 195, 384 
Pachyseris foliosa 197 
Pachyseris gemmae 196 
Pachyseris rugosa 195, 196 
Pachyseris speciosa 195, 196 
Palau 343 

Palauastrea 27, 33, 384 
Palauastrea ramosa 33, 382 


INDEX 


429 


Panama (Atlantic Coast) 343 
Panama (Pacific Coast) 343 
Papua New Guinea (N Coast) 343 
Papua New Guinea (S coast) 2, 5-8, 17 
Paraclavarina 260, 385 
Paraclavarina triangularis 261, 385 
Parasimplastrea 307, 385 
Parasimplastrea simplicitexta 385 
Pavona 177, 184, 186, 386 
Pavona bipartita 182, 183 

Pavona cactus 177 

Pavona clavus 180 

Pavona danai 179 

Pavona decussata 178 

Pavona diminuta 183 

Pavona explanulata 179 

Pavona frondifera 180 

Pavona maldivensis 185 

Pavona minuta 181, 182 

Pavona sp. Cocos (Keeling) Atoll 183 
Pavona sp. Philippines 182 
Pavona sp. Vanuatu 183 

Pavona varians 184 

Pavona venosa 185 

Pavona xarifae 183 

Pectinia 238, 386 

Pectinia alcicornis 239 

Pectinia elongata 240 

Pectinia lactuca 238 

Pectinia paeonia 238 

Pectinia teres 238, 239 
Pectiniidae 231 

Persian Gulf; see "The Gulf' 343 
Philippines 3, 12-15, 18 
Phoenix Is. 342 

Physogyra 327, 387 

Physogyra exerta 327 

Physogyra lichtensteini 327 
Physophyllia 327, 387 
Physophyllia ayleni 327, 387 
Pilbra coast, W Australia 3 
Pitcairn Is. 343 

Platygyra 290, 388 

Platygyra contorta 293 

Platygyra daedalea 290 


INDEX 


Platygyra lamellina 290, 291 
Platygyra pini 293 

Platygyra ryukyuensis 292 
Platygyra sinensis 292 
Platygyra verweyi 294 
Platygyra yaeyamaensis 294 
Platygyra zelli 295 

Plerogyra 321, 324, 325, 388 
Plerogyra eurysepta 325 
Plerogyra simplex 324, 327 
Plerogyra sinuosa 325-327 
Plerogyra turbida 326 
Plesiastrea 302, 389 
Plesiastrea urvillei 302 
Plesiastrea versipora 302, 389 
Pocillopora 27, 389 

Pocillopora damicornis 27, 31 
Pocillopora eydouxi 29, 30 
Pocillopora meandrina 29 
Pocillopora verrucosa 28, 29 
Pocillopora woodjonesi 30 
Pocilloporidae 27 

Podabacia 224, 390 

Podabacia crustacea 224, 390 
Podabacia motuporensis 224 
polyp behaviour 69, 83, 90, 94, 99-101, 136, 
178, 219, 255, 259, 305, 321, 331, 339 
Polyphyllia 218, 390 
Polyphyllia novaehiberniae 219 
Polyphyllia talpina 219, 390 
Pompey Reefs, Great Barrier Reef 2, 5-8 
Porites 131, 132, 135, 137, 391 
Porites annae 142 

Porites aranetai 144 

Porites attenuata 140 

Porites australiensis 133 
Porites californica 141 

Porites cumulatus 141 

Porites cylindrica 131, 138 
Porites deformis 141 

Porites densa 136 

Porites eridani 131, 144 
Porites evermanni 136 

Porites heronensis 143 

Porites horizontalata 145 


430 


Porites latistella 140, 146 

Porites lichen 141 

Porites lobata 132 

Porites lutea 131, 133 

Porites mayert 135 

Porites murrayensis 132 

Porites myrmidonensis 137 

Porites negrosensis 139 

Porites nigrescens 138 

Porites okinawensis 137 

Porites rus 145, 146 

Porites sillimaniant 139 

Porites solida 131 

Porites somaliensis 135 

Porites sp. Cocos (Keeling) Atoll 146 

Porites sp. Papua New Guinea 1 146 

Porites sp. Papua New Guinea 2 146 

Porites sp. W Australia 2 144 

Porites stephensoni 134, 135 

Porites vaughani 143 

Poritidae 17, 131 

Port Gregory, W Australia 2, 9-11 

Princess Charlotte Bay, Great Barrier Reef 
2, 5-8 

protected habitats (see also 'habitats:') 23, 
24, 32, 53, 54, 60, 71, 76, 93, 114, 115, 
117, 126, 135, 142, 154, 155, 158, 180, 
184-186, 192, 206, 228, 233, 239, 240, 
257, 295, 316, 319, 335 

Psammocora 165, 166, 171, 391 

Psammocora contigua 166 

Psammocora digitata 169 

Psammocora explanulata 168 

Psammocora haimeana 169 

Psammocora nierstraszi 166, 167 

Psammocora profundacella 170 

Psammocora sp. Philippines 172 

Psammocora sp. W Australia 1 171 

Psammocora sp. W Australia 2 171 

Psammocora stellata 166 

Psammocora superficialis 168 

Psammocora vaughani 171 

Psammoseris 331 

Psammoseris hemispherica 331 

Pseudosiderastrea 165, 392 


INDEX 


Pseudosiderastrea tayamai 165, 392 
Puerto Rico 343 


Q 


Quinns Rock 9-11 


R 


rare species (see also 'species:’) 21, 34, 38, 
43, 45, 47, 51, 61, 65, 67, 68, 73, 75, 79, 
89, 95, 99, 105, 107, 111, 112, 118, 120, 
125, 128-130, 139, 141, 146, 148, 155-158, 
166, 168-172, 175, 176, 182, 188, 189, 192, 
193, 200, 202-204, 208, 210, 213, 214, 
216-218, 223, 233, 234, 237, 239, 240, 
242, 248, 278, 283, 289, 299, 304, 307, 
313, 315, 321, 327-330 

Rarotonga, Cook Is. 343 

Red Sea (Central) 343 

Red Sea (N) 343 

Red sea (S) 343 

reef flats (see also 'habitats:') 31, 32, 37, 39, 
52, 53, 69, 71, 74, 81, 84, 86, 89, 92, 93, 
94, 97, 101, 104, 116, 121, 122, 134, 135, 
138, 167, 257, 285, 287, 288, 298 

reef slopes; see ‘lower reef slopes’, ‘upper 

reef slopes’ 

Researche Archipelago 3, 9-11 

Reunion 343 

rocky habitats (see also ‘habitats:') 253, 285, 
301 

Rodriguez 343 

Rottnest I., W Australia 3, 9-11 

Rowley Shoals, W Australia 2, 9-11, 18 

Ryukyu Is., Japan 3 


S 


Sabah, Malaysia 343 
Saint Helena 343 
Samoa 343 

sand abrasion 178 


431 


Sandalolitha 220, 392 

Sandalolitha dentata 220 

Sandalolitha robusta 220 

sandy substrates 52, 201, 285, 339 

Sargassum 253 

Scapophyllia 262, 393 

Scapophyllia cylindrica 262, 393 

Schizoculina 393 

Schizoculina fissipara 393 

Scolymia 241, 243, 394 

Scolymia australis 244 

Scolymia vitiensis 243 

Scott Reef, W Australia 2, 9-11, 17 

sea grass dominated habitats 205 

Senegal 343 

Seriatopora 27, 30, 32, 33, 394 

Seriatopora caliendrum 27, 31 

Seriatopora hystrix 30, 31 

Seychelles 343 

shallow habitats (see also ‘habitats:’) 34, 40, 
52, 54, 60, 93, 97, 99, 110, 125, 136, 138, 
142, 162, 165-169, 186, 195, 265, 266, 268, 
285, 285, 301, 323, 333, 334 

Shark Bay, W Australia 3, 9-11, 18 

shelf-edge atolls, W Australia 2 

Shirahama, Japan 3, 12-15 

sibling species (see also ‘geographic 
subspecies, 'species complexes’, 
'species:') 69, 228 

Siderastrea 395 

Siderastrea savignyana 166 

Siderastreidae 165, 166 

Sierra Leone 343 

Simplastrea 227, 395 

Simplastrea vesicularis 227, 395 

Singapore 343 

skeletal pigmentation 28, 84 

Society Is. 343 

Socotra 343 

soft substrates (see also 'habitats:’) 33, 66, 
205, 228, 240, 285, 327, 339 

soft tissue morphology: geographic 

variation in 255, 328 

Solenastrea 396 

Solitary Is., E Australia 2, 5-8, 17 


INDEX 


Solomon Is. 343 

Somalia 343 

South Africa 343 

South China Coast 342 

South China Sea 343 

species: ahermatypic 34, 35, 320, 331, 339 

species: common 21, not otherwise indexed 

species: complexes (see also 'species:’) 40, 
45, 54, 228, 261 

species: cryptic 23, 24, 39, 40, 175, 184 

species: disjunct; see ‘disjunct species', (see 
also 'species:’) 

species: dominant; see 'dominant species’, 
(see also ‘abundance’, 'species:’) 

species: endemic; see 'endemic species’, 
(see also ‘distribution’, 'species:’) 

species: freeliving; see 'freeliving species’ 

species: geographic subspecies; see 
‘geographic subspecies’, (see also 
‘species:’) 

species: number in genera; see map legends 
344-398 

species: rare; see 'rare species’, (see also 
‘species:') 

species: sibling (see also 'species:’, 

‘geographic subspecies’, species complexes’) 
69, 228 

species: solitary; see 'solitary species’ 

species-specific colouration (see also ‘colour:’) 
76, 92-94, 102, 105, 108, 121, 136, 141, 
149, 150, 159, 160, 162, 168, 248, 251, 
254, 270, 273, 276, 302, 325, 335 

species: taxonomic uncertainties; see 
‘taxonomic uncertainties of species' 

species: widespread; not indexed 

Sri Lanka 343 

steep substrates 99, 175, 188, 190, 192, 234, 
326, 328 

Stephanocoenia 23, 396 

Stephanocoenia michelinii 396 

Stylaraea 147, 397 

Stylaraea punctata 147, 397 

Stylocoeniella 23, 24, 397 

Stylocoeniella armata 24 

Stylocoeniella cocosensis 24 


432 


Stylocoeniella guentheri 23, 24 

Stylophora 27, 32, 398 

Stylophora pistillata 32, 33, 398 

Stylophora sp. Japan 33 

subspecies see 'geographic subspecies (see 
also ‘sibling species’, 'species:’) 

substrate: mud 228, 285, 327 

substrate: rock 253, 285, 301 

substrate: sand 52, 201, 285, 339 

substrate: soft; see 'soft substrates' 

substrate: steep; see ‘steep substrates’ 

subtidal habitats (see also ‘habitats:') 54, 
205, 295 

Swain Reefs, Great Barrier Reef 2, 5-8 

Symphyllia 253, 398 

Symphyllia agaricia 255 

Symphyllia radians 254 

Symphyllia recta 254 

Symphyllia valenciennesi 255 

Symphyllia wilsoni 174, 253 


T 


Taiwan, 17, 343 

Tanegashima, Japan 3, 12-15 

Tanzania (Dar-es-Salaam) 343 

Tateyama, Japan 3, 12-15 

taxonomic data 1, 17-19 

taxonomic references 19, 21, 341-343 

taxonomic uncertainties of genera 131, 147, 
165, 171, 177, 186, 237, 278, 284, 298 

taxonomic uncertainties of species 1, 30, 38, 
40, 43, 44, 54, 62, 63, 65, 66, 67, 79, 81, 
84, 92, 95, 99, 113, 120, 141, 157, 158, 
163, 180, 186, 190, 199, 220, 222, 232, 
255, 261, 267, 287, 289, 297, 299, 305, 
338, 339 

taxonomically significant characters 21 

temperate coral reefs; see ‘high-latitude 
habitats’ 

Thailand (Gulf of) 343 

Thailand (W Coast) 3, 18, 343 

The Gulf (N) 343 

The Gulf (S) 343 

Tonga 343 


INDEX 


Torres Strait, Great Barrier Reef 2, 5-8 

Tosashimizu, Japan 3, 12-15 

Trachyphyllia 317, 399 

Trachyphyllia geoffroyi 317, 399 

Trachyphylliidae 317 

Tres Marias Is. 343 

Trinidad 343 

Tuamotus 343 

turbid habitats (see also ‘habitats:') 27, 32, 
33, 41, 91, 142, 154, 158, 169, 187, 188, 
195, 205, 228, 229, 257, 265-267, 278, 319, 
323, 325, 327, 328, 331 

Turbinaria 19, 331, 338, 399 

Turbinaria bifrons 337 

Turbinaria conspicua 337 

Turbinaria cylindrica 338 

Turbinaria frondens 333, 334 

Turbinaria heronensis 338 

Turbinaria irregularis 335 

Turbinaria mesenterina 334, 335 

Turbinaria patula 332 

Turbinaria peltata 331 

Turbinaria radicalis 338 

Turbinaria reniformis 335 

Turbinaria sp. W Australia 333 

Turbinaria stellulata 336 

Tuvalu, Funafuti 342 


U 


upper reef slopes (see also ‘habitats:’) 39, 70, 
81, 93, 97, 98, 100, 101-105, 108-110, 112, 
126, 138, 180, 190, 207, 239, 245, 257, 
260, 265, 285, 298 


V 


Vanuatu 3, 18, 19 

Venezuela 343 

Victoria, S Australia 2, 5-8, 17 
Vietnam (Nha Trang) 343 


W 


Wake I. 343 

wave action (see also ‘habitats:’) 29, 32, 48, 
69, 70, 72-74, 79, 162, 178, 179, 227, 265, 
268, 296, 301, 310 

Wellsophyllia 399 

Wellsophyllia radiata 317 

Western Australia 2, 3, 9-11, 17 

widespread species; not indexed 


Y 


Yaeyama Is. 3, 12-15 


Z 


Zanzibar 343 
Zoopilus 221, 400 
Zoopilus echinatus 221, 400 


a, , 


+ 


bal} ll aa