TH MOJKEIII RA PA3EHPAUI EHEJIHHTA!
Eeamenuemo cnoped Uaseji,
Pumjirhu
Bob T^tjih
npooECOP no xepmehebthka
(TEJIKYBAHE ha Ehejihjita)
LJOPEffHLLA YHEEHH KOMEHTAPH
HOB3ABET, TOM 5
Bible Lessons International, Marshall, Texas
1998
Revised 2008
Copyright ©1998 by Bible Lessons International, Marshall, Texas (Revised 2008)
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any way or by any means without the written permission of
the publisher.
Bible Lessons International
P. O. Box 1289
Marshall, TX 75671-1289
1-800-785-1005
ISBN 978-0-9661098-3-2
The primary biblical text used in this commentary is:
New American Standard Bible (Update, 1 995)
Copyright ©1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995 by the
Lockman Foundation
P. O. Box 2279
La Habra, CA 90632-2279
Pa3/iejieHHHTa no a63ami, 3arnaBiiaTa hm h no/i6paHHTe iiHTaTH ca ot:
1. The Greek New Testament, Fourth Revised Edition, Copyright ©1993 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, O Stuttgart. Used
by permission. All rights reserved.
2. The New King James Version, Copyright ©1979, 1980, 1982 by Thomas Nelson, Inc.
Used by permission. All rights reserved.
3. The New Revised Standard Version of the Bible, Copyright ©1989 by the Division of Christian Education of National
Council of the Churches of Christ in the U. S. A. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
4. Today's English Version is used by permission of the copyright owner, The American Bible Society, ©1966, 1971.
Used by permission. All rights reserved.
5. The Jerusalem Bible, copyright ©1966 by Darton, Longman & Todd, Ltd. and Doubleday, a division of Bantam
Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
www.BibleLessonsIntl.com
To3u mpyd e noceemen
na npeKpacnama mu npimmeiiKa,
noMOHjHUua u cbmpyduuHKa,
padocm na otcueoma mu,
Monma chnpysa
Ilem
Th Me e Hacbpuaeajia,
nodKpenHJia Me e,
u mu e edtxeajia cujiu
da 6hda cjiyotcumeji
cnoped Eootcunma dap6a.
The New American Standard Bible Update — 1995
Easier to read:
Passages with Old English „thee's" and „thou's" etc. have been updated to modern English.
Words and phrases that could be misunderstood due to changes in their meaning during the past 20 years have been
updated to current English.
Verses with difficult word order or vocabulary have been retranslated into smoother English.
Sentences beginning with , ,And" have often been retranslated for better English, in recognition of differences in style
between the ancient languages and modern English. The original Greek and Hebrew did not have punctuation as is
found in English, and in many cases modern English punctuation serves as a substitute for „Arid" in the original. In
some other cases, „and" is translated by a different word such as „then" or „but" as called for by the context, when the
word in the original language allows such translation.
More accurate than ever:
Recent research on the oldest and best Greek manuscripts of the New Testament has been reviewed, and some
passages have been updated for even greater fidelity to the original manuscripts.
Parallel passages have been compared and reviewed.
Verbs that have a wide range of meaning have been retranslated in some passages to better account for their use in
the context.
And still the NASB:
The NASB update is not a change-for-the-sake-of -change translation. The original NASB stands the test of time, and
change has been kept to a minimum in recognition of the standard that has been set by the New American Standard
Bible.
The NASB update continues the NASB's tradition of literal translation of the original Greek and Hebrew without
compromise. Changes in the text have been kept within the strict parameters set forth by the Lockman Foundation's
Fourfold Aim.
The translators and consultants who have contributed to the NASB update are conservative Bible scholars who have
doctorates in Biblical languages, theology, or other advanced degrees. They represent a variety of denominational
backgrounds.
Continuing a tradition:
The original NASB has earned the reputation of being the most accurate English Bible translation. Other translations in
recent years have sometimes made a claim to both accuracy and ease of reading, but any reader with an eye for detail
eventually discovers that these translations are consistently inconsistent. While sometimes literal, they frequently resort
to paraphrase of the original, often gaining little in readability and sacrificing much in terms of fidelity. Paraphrasing is
not by nature a bad thing; it can and should clarify the meaning of a passage as the translators understand and interpret.
In the end, however, a paraphrase is as much a commentary on the Bible as it is a translation. The NASB update carries
on the NASB tradition of being a true Bible translation, revealing what the original manuscripts actually say — not
merely what the translator believes they mean.
— The Lockman Foundation
C1>AT>P3KAHHE
H3non3BaHH cbicpameHHJi i
Ot aBTopa: KaK me bh noMorHe to3h yneGeH KOMeHTap? ii
Pijkoboactbo 3a neTeHe Ha EnGnHflTa: B TbpceHe na HCTHHara iv
KoMeHTap:
BtBe^eHHe b Phmjijihh 3
PHMJIJIHH Ira 9
Phmjijihh 2 ra 40
Phmjijihh 3 ra 55
Phmjijihh 4 ra 72
Phmjijihh 5 ra 84
Phmjijihh 6 ra 1 00
Phmjijihh 7 ra 112
Phmjijihh 8 ra 127
Phmjijihh 9 ra 153
Phmjijihh 1 ra 1 72
Phmjijihh lira 1 82
Phmjijihh 1 2 ra 1 94
Phmjijihh 13 ra 211
Phmjijihh 14 ra 227
Phmjijihh 15 ra 239
Phmjijihh 1 6 ra 253
I npHjio^ceHHe: KparKH onpe^ejieHHJi no rptHKa rpaMaTHKa 268
II npHjio^ceHHe: Teiccr KpHTHKa 276
III npHjio>KeHHe: Pchhhk 280
IV npHjio^ceHHe: fl,OKTpHHanHa H3noBe,n, 289
HH^EKC HA CIIEiniAJIHHTE TEMH
B PHMJWHH
H3npam,aM (Apostello), 1:1 12
Kerygma Ha paHHara UtpicBa, 1:2 13
E05KH5IT Chh, 1:3 13
ITjTbT (&rx), 1:3 15
HivieHa Ha Bora, 1:4 16
EBaHrencKHTe BtsnneflH Ha aBTopa, 1:5 20
IlpH30BaH, 1:6 21
Cbcthh, 1:6 22
Oreii, 1:7 22
npaBe^HOCT / npaB,n,a, 1:17 26
„HcTHHaTa" b nncMara Ha IlaBeji, 1:18 30
Pa3pyniaBaM / cbCHrraaM (phtheire), 1:23 33
CtpueTO, 1 : 24 33
3aBHHarn (rptHKH h^homh), 1:25 34
Amhh, 1:25 35
XoMoceKcy anHOCT, 1 : 26,27 36
IlopoHH h floGpofleTejiH b Hobhji 3aBeT, 1:28-31 37
Cjiojkhh ,ny mh c npe^CTaBKaTa „huper-", 1:30 38
IloKaaHHe, 2:4 43
PacHstM, 2:11 45
CaMoxBancTBO, 2:17 50
rp'bll.KH nOH3THa 3a „H3nHTaHHe" H TeXHHTe KOHOTaHHH, 2:18 51
yHHmpacaBaM / aHynnpaM (katarged), 3:3 57
CnaBa, 3 :23 64
HoB03aBeTHH CBH^eTencTBa 3a cnaceHHeTO, 3 :24 65
H3KynneHHe, 3 :24 65
Bapa, 4:5 75
new, 4:11 78
rapaHHHJi, 4:16 81
Mnp, 5:1 87
Ctoji (histemi), 5:2 88
IlpeMOKflHa / cio>p6h, 5:3 89
UapyBamn b UapcTBOTO Ha Bora, 5:17,18 97
KptmeHHe, 6:3-4 103
OcBem,eHHe, 6:4 1 04
G>opMa(Tupos\ 6:17 109
XBaneHHero h GnaroflapHOcrra HallaBeji npcn, Bora, 7:25 123
Hcyc h Jlyx-hT, 8:9 133
TpoHu,ara, 8:11 134
Hacne^CTBOTO Ha BJipBamHTe, 8:17 138
EcTecTBeHHjrr cbat, 8:19 140
Haaeawa, 8:25 143
Hy>K^,aTa ,n,a y crojiBaMe, 8:25 143
JlKHHOcrra Ha Ay xa . 8:26 145
IIbpBopo,n,eH, 8:29 147
H36op / npeflonpefleneHHe H Hyacflara ot GorocnoBCKH GanaHC, 8:33 149
Arche, 8:38 151
3acTi.nHHHecKa MonHTBa, 9:3 156
IlpoKjiaTHe (Anathema), 9:3 159
3aBeT, 9:4 160
OcTarbicbT - Tpn 3HaneHH5i, 9 :27-28 168
Kpafii.r'bjiHHaT KaMM, 9:33 1 70
IloKopcTBO (hupostasso), 10:3 174
TuarojiHOTO BpeMe h cnaceHHeTO b rptHKHJi, 10:4 175
H3noBea, 10:9 176
Hmcto Ha TocnoA, 10:9 177
Hcyc ot Ha3apeT, 10:13 179
Tama, 11:25 190
Cbjtt, 12:1 196
T03H CB5IT H HflBamHflT CB5IT, 12:2 197
OGHOBJiBaM (anakainosis), 12:2 198
Boiurra (thelema) Ha Bora, 12:2 1 99
HoB03aBeTHO npoponecTBO, 12:6 201
IUe,n,tp / HCKpeH (haplotes), 12:8 204
Koinonia, 12:13 207
HoBeniKH BnacTH, 13:1 213
BH>K,n,aHH5rra Ha riaBen 3a MoftceeBHJi 3aKOH, 13:9 218
EenoKKH Btpxy H3xo,n, 20 ruaBa, 13:9 218
Cjra6ocT, 14:1 229
Pe^HO jih e xpHCTH^HHTe ,n,a ce Cb,n,5rr?, 14:13 234
Btokhcto uapcTBO, 14:17 235
H3rpa»c^,aHe, 15:2 24 1
IlpeyMHOKaBa (perissevo), 15:13 244
XpHCTHAHHHbT h nna,n,HHTe xopa, 1 5 :26 249
5KeHHTe b Bokhs nnaH, 16:1 255
IJ^pKBara (Ekklesia), 16:1 257
JIhhhoctho 3no, 16:20 262
BeneH, 16:26 266
H3IIOJI3BAHH Cl>KPAmEHHfl B YHEBHHH KOMEHTAP
AB Anchor Bible Commentaries, ed. William Foxwell Albright and David Noel
Freedman
ABD Anchor Bible Dictionary (6 vols.), ed. David Noel Freedman
AKOT Analytical Key to the Old Testament by HoaH Joseph Owens
ANET Ancient Near Eastern Texts, James B. Pritchard
BDB A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament by F. Brown, S. R. Driver and
C. A. Bnggs
BHS Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, GBS, 1 997
IDB The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible (4 vols.), ed. George A. Buttrick
ISBE International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (5 vols.), ed. James Orr
JB Jerusalem Bible
JPSOA The Holy Scriptures According to the Masoretic Text: A New Translation (The
Jewish Publication Society of America)
KB The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament by Ludwig Koehler and
Walter Baumgartner
LAM The Holy Bible From Ancient Eastern Manuscripts (the Peshitta) by G. M. Lamsa
LXX Septuagint (Greek-English) by Zondervan, 1970
MOF A New Translation of the Bible by James Mo h cn.att
MT Masoretic Hebrew Text
NAB New American Bible Text
NASB New American Standard Bible
NEB New English Bible
NET NET Bible: New English Translation, Second Beta Edition
NIDOTTE New International Dictionary of Old Testament Theology and Exegesis (5 vols.), ed.
Willem A. VanGemeren
NRSV New Revised Standard Bible
NIV New International Version
NJB New Jerusalem Bible
OTPG Old Testament Parsing Guide by Todd S. Beall, William A. Banks and Colin Smith
REB Revised English Bible
RSV Revised Standard Version
SEPT The Septuagint (Greek- English) by Zondervan, 1970
TEV Today's English Version from United Bible Societies
YLT Young's Literal Translation of the Holy Bible by Robert Young
ZPBE Zondervan Pictorial Bible Encyclopedia (5 vols.), ed. Merrill C. Tenney
Ot abtopa:
KAK IIJE BH nOMOrHE T03H YHEEEH KOMEHTAP?
TtjiKyBaHeTO Ha EnGjiHaTa e pannoHajieH h AyxoBeH nponec, kohto ce CTpeMH Aa pa36epe ApeBmia
BA^xHOBeH CBHine rracaTeji no TaKbB HanHH, ne nocjiaHHeTO ot Bora j\& CTaHe notraTHO h npmioacHMO b
Haine Bpeivie.
flyxoBHHaT nponec e Ba>KeH, ho Tpy^eH 3a onpeAenaHe. Ton BKjiiOHBa HCKpeHOCT h otkphtoct npeA
Bora. HeoGxoAHM e rjiaA (a) 3a Hero, (6) 3a no3HaBaHeTO My h (b) 3a cjiyacemie npeA Hero. nponecbT
BKjiiOHBa MOJiHTBa, H3noBeA h totobhoct 3a >KHTeHCKa npoMaHa. Hen3MeHHa pona b TbjiKyBaHeTO HMa
^fyxtT, MaKap ne ch ocTaBa Tainia 3amo HCKpeHH h AyxoBHH xpncraaHH necTO pa36npaT EnGjinaTa no
pa3JIHHeH HaHHH.
PannoHajimiaT nponec ce onncBa no-necHO. TpaGBa j\& CMe nocjieAOBaTejimi h j\a TpeTHpaMe TeKCTa
cnpaBeAJiHBO, 6e3 j\& ce BjinaeM ot jihhhh hjih AeHOMHHannoHHH npHCTpacraa. BceKH ot Hac e
HCTopHnecKH oGycjiOBeH. Hhkoh He e Ham>jiHO oGeKTHBeH h HeyTpaneH HHTepnpeTaTop. To3n YneGeH
KOMeHTap npe^Jiara panHOHajieH nponec c Tpn TbjiKyBaTejiHn nprnmnna 3a npeApa3CbAi>nHTe hh.
rii.pBii npiiHunn
HbpBHJiT nprnmnn e j\& OT6ejie>KHM HCTopnnecKaTa oGcTaHOBKa, b kosto e nncaHa AaAeHa KHHra, h
KOHKpeTHHa HCTOpHHeCKH nOBOA- ABTOptT H e HMajI Ljejl H OCHOBHa MHCbJI. TeKCTbT He MO>Ke Aa hoch 3a
Hac 3HaneHHe, KaKBOTO He e 3aMHCJiaHO ot ApeBHna BAtxHOBeH CBHine aBTop. HeroBOTO HaMepeHHe e
KjiKDHtT, a He HainaTa ncTopniecKa, eMonnoHajma, KyjiTypHa, jiHHHOCTHa hjih AeHOMHHannoHHa Hyayja.
npHjio>KeHHeTO e Hepa3pHBeH cnbTHHK Ha TbjiKyBaHeTO, ho npaBHjiHOTO TbjiKyBaHe BHHara ro npeAxo>KAa.
BceKH GnGjiencKH Teiccr HMa eAno eAHHCTBeHO 3HaneHHe. HMeHHO Hero aBTopbT Ha TeKCTa e HCKan Aa
npe^aAe Ha cbBpeMeHHnnnTe ch npe3 p^koboactboto Ha ,Hyxa. ToBa 3HaneHHe MO>Ke Aa HMa mhoid
pa3JiHHHH npHjioaceHHa kt>m pa3JinHHHTe KyjiTypn h oGcTaHOBKn. Bchhkh Te3H npnjiOKeHna cneABa j\&
Gt^aT CBtpsaHH c nempajiHaTa HCTHHa Ha aBTopa. 3aTOBa HacToamnaT YneGeH KOMeHTap ce CTpeMH j\a
AaAe BtBeAeHHe kt>m BcaKa 6n6jieiicKa KHHra.
Btoph npiiHunn
BropnaT npnHnnn e Aa ce onpeAenaT jiHTepaTypHHTe eAHHnnn. BcaKa 6n6jieiicKa KHHra e 3aBbpineH
AOKyMeHT. TbjiKyBaTejiHTe HaMaT npaBO Aa H30JiHpaT e^HH acneKT Ha HCTHHaTa, H3KjnoHBaHKH Apyrn.
3aTOBa me ce CTpeMHM j\& npoyMeeM nejiTa Ha najiaTa 6n6jieiicKa KHHra, h to npeAH j\& TbjiKyBaMe HeiiHHTe
nacTH. EAHa OTAejma eflHrnma - rjiaBa, a63an,, cthx - He MO>Ke Aa hoch 3HaneHHe, KaKBOTO jinncBa b
nanocTHaTa KHHra. TbjiKyBaHeTO TpaGBa Aa Tpbrsa ot AeAyKTHBeH noAxoA na najioTO KbM HHAyKTHBeH
noAxoA na OTAejiHHTe Hacrn. HacToamnaT YieGeH KOMeHTap nenn Aa noMara Ha CTyAeHTa Aa aHajin3npa
CTpyKTypaTa Ha BcaKa jiHTepaTypHa eAHHnna no a63ann. Pa3AejieHHaTa no cthx, a63an h rjiaBa b HaniHTe
BhGjihh He ca GoroBAbXHOBeHn, ho hh noMaraT Aa Cb3peM KbAe 3anoHBa h 3aBbpuiBa MHCbJiTa.
TbjiKyBaHeTO Ha hhbo a63an (a He H3peneHHe, (j)pa3a hjih AyMa) e kjiioh KbM npoHHKBaHeTO b 3aMncbjia
Ha 6n6jiencKna aBTop. A63anHTe ce ocHOBaBaT Ha saBtpineHa mhcbji, necTO HapHnaHa „TeMa" hjih
„TeMaTHHHO H3peHeHHe". BcaKa AyMa, (JDpasa hjih H3peneHHe b a63ai(a ce CBi>p3Ba c Ta3H o6ma TeMa.
HMeHHO Te a orpaHHnaBaT, pa3niHpaBaT, noacHaBaT hjih ocnopBaT. HcTHHCKHaT kjiioh ki>m npaBHjiHOTO
TbjiKyBaHe Aa ce cneAH MHCbJiTa Ha aBTopa a63ai( no a63ai( c noMomTa Ha JiHTepaTypHHTe 6ahhhl(h,
CbCTaBjiaBamn ctOTBeTHaTa GnGneiiCKa KHHra. To3h YneGeH KOMeHTap me noAnoMara CTyAeHTa b
CbnocTaBKaTa Ha pa3JiHHHH cbBpeMeHHH aHrjiniiCKH npeBOAH Ha BnGnnaTa. Te ca noASpaHH, noHe>Ke
cneABaT HaKOJiKO cnei(H(J)HHHH TeopnH Ha npeBOAa:
1. TptLtKHaT TeKCT Ha United Bible Society e peBH3npaH0TO IV H3Aamie (UBS 4 ). To3h tckct e
pa3AeneH Ha a63ann ot cbBpeMeHHH yneHH .
2. npeBOAtT New King James Version (NKJV) GyKBaneH cnoBeceH npeBOA, ocHOBaH Ha rptnKHTe
MaHycKpnnTH, no3HaTH KaTO Textus Receptus. HeroBHTe pa3AejieHHa no a63ann ca no-At-nrn ot Te3H b
Apyrn npeBOAH. HivieHHO no-ronaMaTa hm jxhjvxim& e none3Ha 3a CTyAema npn H3C.neABaHeTO Ha
UajIOCTHH TeMaTHHHH eAHHHUH.
3. IIpeBOAi>T New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) e MOAnc[)Hn,HpaH GyKBaneH cnoBeceH npeBOA.
Ton 3aeMa cpe^na no3HLtna Me>KAy oneABamnTe ABa no-CbBpeMeHHH npeBOAa. HeroBnaT noASop Ha
a63ann e AOCTa none3eH 3a onpeAenaHeTO Ha TeMH.
4. npeBOAtT Today 's English Version (TEV) e AHHaMHHHO eKBHBaneHTeH npeBOA na United Bible
Society. Ton ce CTpeMH j\a npeBe^K^a EnGnnaTa TaKa, ne e^HH cbBpeMeHeH HHTaTen Ha aHrjiHHCKH %a
MO>Ke j\a pa36npa 3HaneHHeTO Ha rptHKHJi TeKCT. HecTO b eBaHrejinaTa toh pa3Aejia a63annTe cnopeA
roBopemna, a He cnopeA TeMaTa (noAoGHO Ha NTV). 3a nejinre Ha HHrepnpeTan,naTa TOBa He hoch
ocoGeHa non3a. CTpyBa ch p,a OT6ejie>KHM, ne UBS 4 h TEV ca nnoA na e^HO h ci>mo H3AaTejiCTBO,
MaKap ne a63annTe hm ce pasjinnaBaT.
5. IIpeBOA'fcT Jerusalem Bible (JB) e AHHaMHHHO eKBHBaneHTeH npeBOA, ocHOBaH Ha (J)peHCKaTa
KaTOJiHnecKa TpaAHnna. IIojie3eH e 3a ctnocTaBKa Ha pa3AejiaHeTO Ha TeKCTOBeTe no a63ann ot
eBponencKa rjieAna Tonica.
6. TeKCTbT b ijHTaTHTe e ot ocbBpeMeHeHOTO H3AaHHe na New American Standard Bible (NASB) ot 1995 r.
- GyKBaneH cnoBeceH npeBOA- HacToamnaT YneGeH KOMeHTap oneABa HeroBHa noASop Ha pa3AejiaHe no
a63ann.
TpeTH npiiHunn
TpeTnaT nprnmnn e j\a neTeM EnGjinaTa c noMomTa Ha pa3JinHHH npeBOAn, 3a j\a ycneeM j\a oGxBaHeM
bi>3mo>kho no-innpoK Ha6op ot 3HaneHHa (Ha ceMaHTHHHO hhbo), KaKBHTO MO>Ke j\a HMa AaAeHa GnGnencKa
AyMa hjih H3pa3. HecTO ce onyHBa AaAeHO noHarae Ha rprjipcH j\a MO>Ke j\a ce pa36npa no pa3nnHHH HannHH.
3aTOBa pa3HOo6pa3HHTe npeBOAn Ha EnGjinaTa H3Be>KAa Ha npeAeH nnaH Te3H BapnaHTH h hh noMara j\a en
oGacHHM 3amo noHaKora b rptitKHTe ptKonncn ce cpemaT pa3JinHaBamn ce AyMH. HannnneTO Ha noAoGHH
pa3HoneTeHHa He Bjinae Ha AOKTpHHaTa, a hh noMara j\a ce saBtpHeM btjSmokho HaH-6jiH30 ao
ntpBOHananHHa tckct, ctCTaBeH ot BAtxHOBeHHa CBHine aBTop.
HacToamnaT YneGeH KOMeHTap npeA-nara 6T>p3a cxeMa, no KoaTO CTyAeHTbT MO>Ke j\a npoBepaBa
HHTepnpeTaL(HHTe en. Ta He e 3aMHCJieHa KaTO Ae(j)HHHTHBHa HopMa, a no-CKopo KaTO HH(j)opMaTHBHO n
npeAH3BHKBamo pa3Mncjin cpeACTBO. HecTO HanHHHeTO Ha Apyrn b^smo^khh HHrepnpeTannn hh noMara j\a
He CTaBaMe TecHorptAH, AonviaTHHHH h AeHOMHHanHOHHO eAHOCTparnHBH. TbUKyBaTenHTe oneABa j\a
non3BaT no-innpoK Ha6op ot HHTepnpeTaTHBHH BtSMoacHOcra, 3a j\a noMHaT kojiko cmtjTho 6h Monro j\a e
noHaKora ctjIahhckoto 3HaneHHe Ha ApeBHHTe TeKCTOBe. IIIoKHpamo e kojiko MajiKO Cbrjiacne cbmecTByBa
Me>KAy xpncTHaHHTe, kohto TBtpAaT, ne BnGjinaTa e TexHHaT eAHHCTBeH h3tohhhk Ha HCTHHaTa.
Te3H npnHLtnnn ca mh noMarann j\a npeoAOJiaBaM ronaMa nacT ot coGcTBemiTe mh HCTopHnecKH
npeApa3CbAi>UH, npnHy>KAaBaHKH Me j\a ce npeGopBaM c ApeBHHa tckct. HaAaBaM ce Te j\a ce OKa>KaT
nojie3HH h 3a Bac.
Bo6 I»tjih
H3moHHomeKcacKU danmucmKU ynueepcumem
27K)HHl996r.
in
PtKOBOACTBO 3A HETEHE HA BHBJIHHTA:
B TBPCEHE HA HCTHHATA
KaK MoaceM Aa ono3HaeM HCTHHaTa? Kt^e Aa a OTKpneM? MoaceM jih jiorHHecKH Aa a npoBepHM?
HMa JIH HaH-BHCUI aBTOpHTeT? CtllieCTByBaT JIH a6cOJIIOTH, KOHTO ptKOBOAAT HaiUHa 5KHBOT, HaiUHfl
CB5IT? HMa JIH 5KHBOTBT CMHCBJI? 3aiHO CMe TyK? HaKBAe OTHBaMe? Te3H BtnpocH, 3aAaBaHH OT bchhkh
pa3yMHH xopa, npHrecHHBaT HOBeuiKHJi pa3yM onje ot HanajiOTO Ha BpeMeTO (Ekji. 1:13-18; 3:9-11).
CnoMHaM ch MoeTO coGcTBeHO TtpceHe Ha uenrbpa Ha acHBOTa mh. IIoBapBax b Xphctoc ome Ha paHHa
Bix3pacT Han-Bene 3apa^H CBHAeTejicrBOTO Ha 3HaHHMHre xopa b ceMeiicTBOTO mh. C TeneHne Ha
BpeMeTO o6ane BtnpocHre 3a caMira MeH h 3a CBeTa HaoKono 3anoHHaxa Ha Ha3paBaT. IIpocTHTe
KyjiTypHH h pejiHrH03HH KjiHineTa He AOKapBaxa cmhcbji b HemaTa, 3a kohto neTax h kohto
npe:scHB5iBax. Beuie nepnoA Ha oGtpKBaHe, TtpceHe, KonHeacn h necTO ycemaHe 3a 6e3noMomHOCT npeA
JIHHeTO Ha CypOBHJI H 6e3HyBCTBeH CB5IT HaOKOJIO.
MH03HHa TBtpA^T, He HMaT OTTOBOpH Ha Te3H BHCUIH 5KHTCHCKH BtnpOCH, HO CJieA H3BeCTHO
H3CJieABaHe h pa3MHinjieHHe otkphx, ne Te3H OTroBopn ce ocHOBaBaT Ha (1) jihhhh 4)hjioco(J)hh; (2)
ApeBHH MHTOBe; (3) jihhhh npe>KHB5iBaHH5i hjih (4) ncHxojiorHHecKH npoeKHHH. HyacAaa ce ot HaxaKBa
creneH Ha BepHc[)HKaHH5i, ot HaxaKBO AOKa3aTejicrBO, ot noHe HaxaKBa pauHOHajiHOCT, Btpxy kojito Aa
ocHOBaBaM MHporneAa ch h CMHCtjia Ha acHBOTa ch.
Bchhko TOBa OTKpHBaM npH H3yHaBaHeTO Ha BnGjinaTa. 3anonBaM Aa Ttpca AOKa3aTejiCTBa 3a
AOCTOBepHOCTTa H - H HaHCTHHa TH HaMHpaM (1) B HCTOpHHeCKaTa MepOAaBHOCT Ha Bn6jiHaTa,
noTBtpAeHa ot apxeojionurra; (2) b npeHH3HOCTTa Ha CTapo3aBeTHHre npoponecTBa; (3) b 6ahhctboto
Ha GnGneiicKOTO nocnaHHe, xoeTO e ronaraHO HaA mecTHaiiceT Bexa h (4) b jiHHHHre CBHAeTencTBa Ha
xopaTa, hhhto acHBOT e 6hji TpaiiHO npoMeHeH ot Aocera c BnGjinaTa. KaTO eAHHHa cncTeMa Ha
BJipBaHHJi, xpncTHaHCTBOTO npnre^KaBa cnocoGHOcrra Aa 6opaBH etc cnoacHHTe BMipocH Ha HOBeuiKHJi
acHBOT. ToBa He caMO ocHiypaBa pauHOHajma paMKa, ho h npaKTHHecKHjrr acneKT Ha GnGneiiCKaTa
BapBa mh npeAOCTaBa eMOHHOHajma paAOCT h CTaGnjiHOCT.
CM^TaX, He ChM OTKpHJI HHTerpHpaiAHJI LieHTtp Ha 5KHBOTa MH - XpHCTOC, KaKbBTO ro ono3HaBaM
npe3 IlHcaHHeTO. Ho TOBa pa36npaHe e 6hjio caMO yMCTBeHO , a ocBoGoacAeHneTO - caMO eMOHHOHajmo.
Ho Bee ome ch chomhhm H3HeHaAaTa h uioxa, xoraTO 3anoHHa Aa mh npocBeTBa kojiko mhoto pa3JiHHHH
HHTepnpeTai(HH Ha Ta3H KHHra ce 3amHTaBaT, h to noHJiKora Aopn b paMKHTe Ha eAHa h ctma m>pKBa
HJIH MHCJIOBHa TpaAHHHJI. TOBa OTKpHTHe Me yBepH, He 6orOBAt>XHOBeHHeTO H AOCTOBepHOCTTa Ha
BnGjinaTa ca He KpaaT, a caMO HanajiOTO. KaK Mora Aa noTBtpAJi hjih Aa onpoBepraa pa3HOo6pa3HHre
npoTHBopenainH ch HHrepnpeTaHHH Ha bchhkh OHe3H TpyAHH TexcTOBe b nncaHHeTO, H3JiaraHH ot
GorocjiOBH c TBtpAeHHeTO, ne BnGnnaTa npHTeacaBa bhcui aBTopnreT h AOCTOBepHOCT?
Ta3H 3aAana nocreneHHO ce npeBtpHa b acHreiiCKO npeAH3BHicaTejiCTBO 3a MeH. ToBa meuie Aa
CTaHe MoeTO TpaiiHO noKJiOHHHHecKO ntTemecTBHe Ha BJipaTa mh. Ejix yBepeH, ne BapaTa mh b
Xphctoc mh e AOHecna Mnp h paAOCT. B cbihoto BpeMe yMtT mh KonHeeuie 3a aGconiOTH b KOHreKcra
(1) Ha OTHOCHTejiHocrra H3 3ao6HKajuimaTa M e xyjiTypa (nocTMOAepHH3i.M); (2) Ha AonviaTH3Ma Ha
pa3JiHHHHTe npoTHBopenainH ch CBeToraeAH (pejinrHHTe); (3) Ha AeHOMHHauHOHHaTa aporaHTHOCT
okojio MeH. B TtpceHeTO ch 3a BajiHAHH noAxoAH kbm HHTepnpeTHpaHeTO Ha ApeBHa jiHTepaTypa c
H3HeHaAa OTKpHBaX CBOHTe C06CTBeHH HCTOpHHeCKH, KyjiTypHH, AeHOMHHai(HOHHH H JIHHHOCTHH
npHCTpacTHa. HecTO Herax BnGnnaTa npocTO c uen Aa yrBtpacAaBaM ome noBene coGcTBeHHTe ch
Bi.3rjieAH. H3noji3Bax a KaTO h3tohhhk Ha AorMH, 3a Aa HanaAaM OKOJiHHTe, ctmeBpeMeHHO
noACHjiBaiiKH coGcTBeHHTe ch HecnrypHOCTH h HeAOcraTtHH. H kojiko 6ojie3HeHO ce OKa3a 3a MeH TOBa
OTKpHTHe!
iv
Maxap ne HHKora traMa Aa ycnea Aa nocrHrHa numa oGeKTHBHOCT, Bee naK HMa HanHH Aa CTaHa
no-Ao6i.p HHTaTen Ha BuQjiivna. Mora Aa orpaHHnaBaM coGcrBeHHre ch npejjpa3Chjxhu,ii, xaTO hm
AaBaM onpeAeneHHe h nproHaBaM HajiHHHeTO hm. Bee ome He ctM ce ocboGoahji ot Tax, ho noHe ce
Bi>3npoTHB5iBaM Ha cnaGocTHTe ch. HHTepnpeTaTopi.T necTO ce OKa3Ba HaH-jiounraT Bpar Ha
npaBHjiHOTO neTeHe!
Hexa Aa H36po?i hjikoh npeABapHTejiHH HacrpoHKH, c hhhto noMom noAxoac^aM kbm MoeTO
GnGneHCKO H3ynaBaHe, 3a Aa MoaceM #a rn H3CJieABaMe 3aeAHO.
I. IIpeflBapHTejIHH HaCTpOHKH
A. BapBaM, ne EHGjiHjrra e eAHHCTBeHOTO BAtxHOBeHO CBHine OTKpoBeHHe Ha eAHHCTBeHHJi
HCTHHeH Bor. 3aTOBa tji Tpa6Ba Aa ce TtjixyBa b CBeTjiHHaTa Ha HaMepeHHeTO Ha
ntpBOHananHHa h Abtop (Eojkhjit ,H,yx), H3JioaceHO npe3 HOBeuixa AJiaH b KOHKpeTHa
HCTOpHHeCKa oGcTaHOBKa.
B. BapBaM, ne EHGjiHjrra e HanncaHa c o6ma Hen - 3a bchhkh xopa. Bor jihhho e npeAnpneji Aa
roBopn Ha Hac scho b ToneH HCTopHKO-KyjiTypeH KOHTeKCT. Bor He acenae Aa xpne HCTHHaTa.
HanpoTHB, Ton ncxa Aa a pa36npaMe! Eto 3am o EH6jiH5rra TpaGBa Aa ce TtjiKyBa b
CBeTjiHHaTa Ha HefiHaTa enoxa, a He Ha HamaTa. He e bk3mo5kho BnGjinaTa Aa hoch 3a Hac
3HaneHHe, xaKBOTO HHKora He e Hocena Ha ntpBHre ch HHraTejiH hjih cjiymaTejiH. Ta e
pa36npaeMa c KanauHTeTa Ha cpeAHHJi HOBeuiKH yM h H3noji3Ba oGnHaHHH HOBeuiKH
KOMyHHKaTHBHH (J)OpMH H TeXHHKH.
C. BapBaM, ne BnGjinaTa HMa eAHHHO nocnaHHe h npeAHa3HaHeHHe. Ta He ch npoTHBopenH,
BtnpeKH ne CbAt>p:>Ka TpyAHH h HenoHJiTHH TexcTOBe. Eto 3amo Han-AoGpnaT HHTepnpeTaTop
Ha BnGjinaTa e caMaTa tji.
D. BapBaM, ne Bcexn TexcT (ocBeH npoponecKHTe) HMa eAHO-eAHHCTBeHO 3HaneHHe, ocHOBaHO Ha
HaMepeHHeTO Ha ntpBOHananHHa BAtxHOBeH CBHine nncaTeji. Maxap ne HHKora traMa Aa
MoaceM Aa CMe a6cojiK>THO cnrypHH b HeroBOTO opHrHHajmo HaMepeHHe, MHoacecTBO
HHAHKaTopn hh noAnoMaraT:
1. acaHptT (T.e. jiHTepaTypHHjrr cthji), c kohto e H3pa3eHO nocnaHHeTo;
2. HCTopHHecxaTa oGcraHOBKa h/hjih KOHKpeTeH noBOA 3a HanncBaHe;
3. jiHTepaTypHH^T KOHTeKCT Ha uajiaTa KHHra h Ha OTAejiHHre h nacTH;
4. TexcTOBaTa noApeASa (nnaH) Ha jiHTepaTypHHTe eAHHHHH h Bpi>3KaTa hm kbm hjuiocthoto
nocnaHHe;
5. KOHKpeTHHTe rpaMaTHnecKH nepra, c kohto ce H3pa35iBa nocnaHHeTo;
6. AyMHTe, c kohto ce H3Jiara nocnaHHeTo;
7. napanenHHTe TeKcroBe.
H3cneABaHeTO Ha BcaKa ot Te3H oGjiacrH ce npeBptma b Hen Ha H3cneABaHeTO Ha caMira tckct.
IIpeAH Aa noacHa MeTOAOJiorHjrra Ha npaBHjiHOTO neTeHe Ha BuQjmsna, HeKa Aa H3Jioaca hhkoh
HenpaBHjiHH m6toahkh, kohto ce H3noji3BaT Anec, kohto boa^t ao TaKOBa pa3Hoo6pa3He Ha
TbjiKyBaHHJi h kohto Tpa6Ba Aa H36arBaMe.
II. HenpaBHjiHH mctoahkh 3a neTeHe Ha EnSjiHiiTa
A. IIpeHeGperBaHe Ha 6yKBajiHH5i KOHTeKCT Ha GnGjiencKaTa KHHra. H3noji3BaHe Ha bcjiko
OTAenHOTO H3peneHHe, (J)pa3a hjih AyMa KaTO hcthhho TBtpAeHne, HecBi.p3aHO c HaMepeHHeTO
Ha aBTopa. H]e ro HapnnaMe „noacejiaTejiHO neTeHe" („proof-texting").
B. IIpeHeGperBaHe Ha HCTopHnecKaTa o6cTaHOBKa Ha KHHraTa h 3aMeHHHeTO h c Apyra
oGcTaHOBKa, kojito He ce noAKpena ot TeKCTa.
C. IIpeHeGperBaHe Ha HCTopHHecicaTa oGcraHOBKa Ha KHHraTa h neTeHeTO h icaTO cyTpemeH
BeCTHHK, nHCaH CaMO 3a CBBpeMeHHHJI OTAejieH XpHCTHJIHHH.
D. IIpeHeGperBaHe Ha HcropHnecKaTa oGcraHOBKa Ha KHHraTa npe3 aneropHHHO neTeHe Ha TeKcra
xaTO HaxaKBO 4)hjioco(J)cko hjih GorocnoBCKO nocnaHHe, HecBi.p3aHO c npoGneMHTe Ha
ntpBHTe HHTaTenH hjih HaMepeHHeTO Ha aBTopa.
E. IIpeHeGperBaHe Ha opHrHHajmoTO nocnaHHe npe3 noAMJiHa c Hauia coGcTBeHa GorocnoBCKa
CHCTeMa, ycBoeHa AOKipHHa hjih CBBpeMeHHa npoGneMaTHKa, HecBi.p3aHa c Hejrra h
nocnaHHeTO Ha aBTopa. C TaxtB noAxoA HOBex Hecro ce CTpeMH p,a H3noji3Ba BnGjinaTa, 3a p,a
Aoxaace npaBOTaTa ch. Tyx me ro HapnnaMe „HHTaTejiCKH npoHHT" (T.e. HHrepnpeTaHHJi
cnopeA OHOBa 3HaneHHe, xoeTO TeKCTKr hoch 3a MeH caMHJi).
BtB Bcaxa HOBeuixa KOMyHHKauHJi MoraT Aa ce OTKpnaT noHe Tpn CBi.p3aHH noMeac^y ch
KOMnoHeHTa:
HaMepeHHe
Ha aBTopa
IlHcaHHjrr
TeKCT
IltpBHTe
HHTaTejIH
B MHHanoTO e HMano pa3JiHHHH TexHHKH Ha neTeHe, (J)OKycHpamH ce Btpxy e^HH hjih Apyr ot
ropHHTe KOMnoHeHTH. Ana 3a Aa MoaceM hcthhckh Aa noA^epTaeM yHHKajiHaTa GoroBA'bXHOBeHOCT Ha
BnGjinaTa, e HyacHa Apyra AHarpaMa:
CBeTHHT
Ayx
Pa3JIHHHH
ptKOnHCH
IIO-K1.CHK
B^pBaiHH
HaMepeHHe
Ha aBTopa
IlHcaHHaT
TeKCT
IltpBHTe
HHTaTejIH
HcTHHaTa e, ne h TpnTe KOMnoHeHTa cneABa Aa ce BKjiioHBaT b npoueca Ha HHrepnpeTaHHJi. 3a
Hejinre Ha BepHc[)HKaHH5rra most npouec Ha TbjiicyBaHe me ce (J)OKycHpa Btpxy ntpBHre ABa
KOMnoHeHTa - HaMepeHHeTO Ha aBTopa h nHcaHHjrr TeKCT. BepojrrHO npnHHHaTa 3a TOBa e 3amoTO
pearnpaM Ha pa3JiHHHH 3JioynoTpeGH, Ha kohto cbm Ghji CBHAeTen, (a) KoraTO TeKCTbT ce neTe
npeKaneHO aneropHHHO hjih npeKaneHO „AyxoBHo" hjih (6) KoraTO HMa „HHTaTejiCKH npoHHT" (T.e.
TtjiKyBaHe cnopeA OHOBa 3HaHeffiie, KoeTO TeKCTbT hoch 3a MeH caMira). Ha BeKH eAHH eran e
bi.3mo5kho Aa ce nojiyHH H3KpHBaBaHe. 3aTOBa BHHarn TpaGBa Aa npoBepjiBaMe CBOHTe mothbh,
VI
npeApa3CfcAt>mi, TexHHKH n npHjioaceHHa. Ana icaic MoaceM p,a rn npoBepjiBaMe, axo He pa3nojiaraMe c
HHKaKBH rpaHHUH Ha HHTepnpeTai(HHTe, C HHKaKBH OrpaHHHeHHJI, C HHKaKBH KpHTepHH? Eto TyK HABa
HaMepeHHeTO Ha aBTopa h TexcTOBaTa CTpyKTypa. Te mh npeAOCTaBAT HHKaKBH Kpnrepnn 3a
orpaHHHaBaHe Ha oGxBaTa Ha Bi.3M05KHHTe BajinAHn HHTepnpeTannn.
B CBeTjiHHaTa Ha ropeonncaHnre HenpaBHjiHH TexHHKH Ha neTeHe KaKBO mojkcm Aa KaaceM 3a
Bt3M05KHHTe noAxoAn KhM npaBHjiHO neTeHe h HHTepnpeTHpaHe Ha EnGjinjrra, kohto 6nxa hh Aann
HaKaKBa CTeneH Ha Bepnc[)HKanH5i h ci.CToaTejiHOCT?
III. Bl»3IV10/KHII npaBHJIHH nOAXOAH K1>M HeTCHeTO Ha EnSjIHHTa
Tyx HaMa Aa ce cnnpaM Ha OTAeiiHHTe TexHHKH Ha TbjiicyBaHe Ha pa3JinHHH KOHKpeTHH acaHpoBe, a
no-CKopo me pa3rjieAaM oGmnre xepMeHeBTHHHu npHHUHnn, BaiiHAHH 3a bchhkh BHAOBe 6n6jiencKH
TexcT. 3a OHe3H, kohto HCKar Aa ce nopoBHT ome Kax Aa neTaT En6jiH5rra cnopeA pa3JiHHHHTe acaHpoBe
b Hea, npenoptHBaM KHHraTa How To Read The Bible For All Its Worth, c aBTopn Gordon Fee h
Douglas Stuart (Zondervan).
ripu MOjrra MeTOAOJiorua nnraTejiJiT Han-HanpeA no3BOJi5iBa Ha CBeTna JSyx Aa ocBeTjiu
GuGjieucKHa TexcT nocpeACTBOM neTnpn uuKtna Ha jinneH nponnr. Taxa flyxtT, TexcTtT h nnraTejiflT
H3JiH3aT Ha ntpBO mhcto b npoueca. OcBeH TOBa Taxa nnraTejiflT ce 3acTpaxoBa cpemy HeacenaHH
Bt3AeHCTBHa ot KOMeHTaTopuTe. HecTO ce Ka3Ba: „Cjioboto xBtpna Aocra CBeTjinHa Btpxy
KOMeHTapuTe." Ta3n noroBopxa nenn He Aa o6e3neHn CTOHHOcrra Ha cbntTCTBamnre KOMenrapH, a no-
CKopo Aa noconn xora h KbAe hm e mjictoto.
TpaGBa Aa MoaceM Aa noAKperoiMe HHrepnpeTauHHTe ch c noMomra Ha caMira TexcT. IleT oGjiacrn
npeAJiaraT noHe orpaHnneHa BepncJDHKannji:
1. 3a ntpBOHaHajiHua aBTop:
a. HCTopuHecKaTa My o6craHOBKa
b. jiHTepaTypHHjrr My kohtckct
2. aBTopcKH^T noA6op Ha:
a. rpaMaTHnecKH crpyKrypn (cHHraKCHc)
b. ynoTpeGa Ha CBBpeMeHHn AyMn
c. »caHp
3. HameTO pa36upaHe
a. Ha ci.OTBeTHHTe napajiejiHH nacaacu
TpaGBa Aa MoaceM Aa H3JiaraMe MOTHBnre h jiornKaTa Ha HHTepnpeTauHHTe ch. EnGjinjrra e
Hamnjrr eAHHCTBeH H3TOHHHK Ha BJipa h npaKTHKH. 3a acanocT, necro BflpBamnre He nocrnraT cbrnacne
KaKBO tohho TBtpAH T5i. CaMH ce onpoBepraBaMe, aKO tbi>pahm, ne EnGjinjrra e BAtxHOBeHa ot Bora,
ana BJipBamnre He MoraT Aa nocrnrHaT cbrnacne KaKBO ynn h KaKBO H3HCKBa tji.
HeTnpnre uHKtjia Ha nponnr nejurr Aa npeAOcraBAT hjikojiko HHTepnpeTaTHBHH noji3H:
A. IltpBH HHKBJI Ha npOHHT
1 . riponeTeTe KHnraTa Ha eAHH Atx. Ilocjie a nponeTeTe b Apyr npeBOA, no bk3mo5khoct ot
Apyra npeBOAanecKa Teopna:
a. 6yKBajiHO cnoBeceH npeBOA (NKJV, NASB, NRSV)
b. AHHaMHHHO eKBHBajieHTeH npeBOA (TEV, JB)
c. nepn(J)pa3HpaH npeBOA (Living Bible, Amplified Bible)
vii
2. TtpceTe HeHipajmaTa uen Ha Henna otki.c. OnpeAeneTe TeMaTa.
3. OnepTairre (no bkmo^khoct) OTAejma jinrepaTypHa eAHHnua - raaBa, a63au, hjih
H3peneHHe, - kojito acho H3pa35iBa uetrrpajiHaTa TeMa.
4. OnpeAeneTe AOMHHHpamHJi acaHp.
a. b CTapna 3aBeT:
(1) eBpeficKH HapaTHB
(2) eBpeficKa noe3H5i (jinrepaTypa Ha MtApocrra, ncajiM)
(3) eBpencKO npoponecTBO (npo3a, noe3H?i)
(4) 3aKOHOBH KOAeKCH
b. b Hob Ha 3aBeT:
(1) HapaTHBH (eBaHrejiHjrra, Jlpmiiia)
(2) npHTHH (eBaHrejiHjrra)
(3) nHCMa/nocjiaHHJi
(4) anoKajinnTKHHa JiHTepaTypa
B. BTOpH HHKfcJI Ha npOHHT
1. IIpoHeTeTe n^jiara, KHHra HaHOBO, onHTBaiiKH ce Aa HAeHTHc[)HHHpaTe koh ca ochobhhtc
TeMH H nOATeMH.
2. OnepTanre ocHOBHHTe TeMH h HaxpaTKO onnuieTe ctAtp^aHHeTO hm b c6nTa (J)opMa.
3. CtnocTaBeTe TOBa, ao KoeTO CTe AOCTHrHajiH, c HajiHHHH nocoGnji.
C. TpeTH HHKfcJI Ha npOHHT
1. riponeTeTe HJuiaTa KHHra HaHOBO, crpeMeiiKH ce Aa ch cfccraBHre npeAcraBa 3a
HCTopHHecxaTa oGcTaHOBKa h cneHHcJmHHHfl noBOA 3a HanncBaHeTO Ha GnGjiencKaTa
KHHra.
2. H36poHTe HCTopHnecKHTe npenpaTKH, kohto ce cnoMeHaBaT:
a. 3a aBTopa
b. 3a AaTaTa
c. 3a nojiynaTejiHTe
d. 3a noBOAa Ha HanncBaHe
e. 3a acneKTHTe Ha KyjnypHaTaoGcraHOBKa 3a Hejrra Ha HanncBaHeTO
f. 3a npenpaTKHTe kbm HCTopHnecKH (Jmrypn h MecTHOCTH
3. Pa3uiHpeTe nnaHa ch ao hhbo a63auH 3a KOHKpeTHHa otkbc, kohto me HHTepnpeTnpaTe.
BHHarn onpeAejMHre h OHepTaBairre jiHTepaTypHaTa eAHHHua. Ta Moace Aa oGxBama
hakojiko rnaBH hjih a63auH. ToBa me bh noMara Aa cneABaTe norHKaTa Ha BTopa h
noApeASaTa Ha TeKcra.
4. IIpoBepaBaHTe HCTopHnecKaTa oGcraHOBKa c noMOiirra na HaptHHHHH.
D. HeTBtpTH HHKfcJI Ha npOHHT
1 . IIpoHeTeTe naK KOHKpeTHaTa JiHTepaTypHa eAHHHua b pa3JiHHHH npeBOAH.
a. GyKBajiHO cnoBeceH npeBOA (NKJV, NASB, NRSV)
b. AHHaMHHHO eKBHBajieHTeH npeBOA (TEV, JB)
c. nepH(J)pa3HpaH npeBOA (Living Bible, Amplified Bible)
2. TtpceTe jinrepaTypHH hjih rpaMaTHHecKH CTpyKTypn
a. noBTapamn ce H3pa3H (Hanp. E(J)ec. 1:6,12,13)
b. noBTapamH ce rpaM. CTpyKTypn (Hanp. Phmji. 8:31)
viii
C. KOHTpaCTHpaiHH KOHnenUHH
3. H36poHTe cneAHHTe Hema:
a. 3HaHHMH nOHSTHa
b. HeoGHHaHHH nOHJITHJI
c. BaacHH rpaMaTHHecKH crpyiaypH
d. ocoGeHO TpyAHH AyMn, (J)pa3H n H3peneHHa
4. TtpceTe napa.ne.jiHH nacaacn
a. H36epeTe Han-HCHHJi nacaac 3a noynaBaHe no TeMaTa, H3noji3BanKH:
(1) KHurn no cncTeMaTHHHO GorocjiOBne
(2) EhGjihh c npenpaTKH b TexcTa
(3) KOHKOpAaHC
b. rioTtpceTe b Texcra eBeHTyajma „napaAOKCHa ABonica" no TeMaTa bh. HecTO
6n6jiencKaTa ncTHHa ce npeAcraBJi b AnajieicraHHa ABonica etc ctntTCTBamo a
TBtpAeHne. MHoro AeHOMHHannoHHH KapaHnnn n^BaT ot noacejiaTejmo neTeHe Ha
nonoBHHHaTO Bi.3npHeMaHe Ha noAoGHa ABonica. ILijioto rincaHne e GoroBAtxHOBeHO
n 3aTOBa TpaGBa Aa TtpcnM ntjiHOTO My nocnaHne, 3a Aa en rapaHTnpaMe GnGnencKn
GanaHC b HHTepnpeTannjrra.
c. TtpceTe napanejiHn TexcTOBe b paMKHTe Ha ctmaTa KHnra, Ha ctmna aBTop nun Ha
cbiahh acaHp. EnGjinjrra e Han-AoGpnaT HHTepnpeTaTop Ha caMaTa ce6e en, noHeace
HMa e^HH n cbih aBTop - CBeTnaT J\yx.
5 . H3non3BanTe noMOinHn nocoGna, 3a Aa CBepaBaTe CBOHTe HaGniOAeHHJi 3a HcropHHecicaTa
oGcTaHOBKa n noBOAa Ha HanncBaHe.
a. c yneGffii EhGjihh
b. c GnGnencKn eHnnicjioneAHH, HaptHHHnn n penHnnn
c. c yBOAH KtM 6n6jiencKHTe KHnrn
d. c GnGnencKn KOMeHTapn (eABa Ha to3h eTan b H3yHaBaHeTO bh Heica HajinnHHTe
CTaGnjiHH KOMeHTapn Aa noAnoMoraaT n Aa KopnrnpaT H3BOAnre, ao kohto CTe
AOCTHmajin.)
IV. npmioHceHHe Ha 6H6jieiicKaTa iiHTepnpeTauHH
CneA KaTO CMe npeMHHajin bchhkh ropHH ctmikh, CTnraMe ao npnnoaceHneTO. OTAennjin CTe
BpeMe Aa pa36epeTe TeKcra b ntpBOHananHHa My KonreKCT. Cera TpaGBa Aa ro npnnoacnTe kbm cboa
5khbot, b CBoaTa KyjiTypa KoraTO roBopa 3a aBTopnTeTa Ha EnGjinjrra, HMaM npeABHA „pa36npaHe Ha
OHOBa, KoeTO opnrHHajiHnaT aBTop e Ka3Baji Ha cbBpeMeHHnnnTe en, n npnnaraHeTO Ha Ta3n ncTHHa
AHec".
IIpHjioaceHHeTO TpaGBa Aa cneABa HHrepnpeTannjrra Ha aBTopcKOTO HaMepeHne xaKTO bi.b BpeMe,
Taxa n b jioraica. He MoaceM Aa npnnaraMe GnGnencKn TeKCT kbm HauieTO CBBpeMne, AOKaTO He CMe
npoBepnnn xaKBO e 6hjio 3HaHeHneTO My b OHOBa BpeMe! En6jiencKH5rr TeKCT He 6n cjieABano Aa hoch
3HaHeHne, KaKBOTO He e HMan Hnxora!
Bamnjrr noApoGeH nnaH Ha hhbo a63ann (ot TpeTH ijHicbji Ha npoHnr) me 6i>Ae Bam cntTHHK.
IIpHjioaceHHeTO Tpa6Ba Aa ce npaBn Ha hhbo a63ann, ho He n Ha hhbo AyMH. ,H,yMHTe hocat 3HaHeHne
eAHHCTBeHO b CBoa KOHTexcT; (J)pa3HTe hocst 3HaHeHne eAHHCTBeHO b cboji KOHTexcT; n H3peHeHnaTa
HOC5IT 3HaHeHHe eAHHCTBeHO B CB05I KOHTeKCT. EAHHCTBeHHaT 6orOBAt>XHOBeH HOBeK b nejinji
HHTepnpeTaTHBeH nponec e ntpBOHananHHaT aBTop Ha TeKCTa. Hne MoaceM caMO Aa cneABaMe
HeroBOTO ptKOBOACTBO noA npocBeTjieHneTO Ha CBeTna fl,Y x - Ho npocBeTjieHneTO He e
6oroBAt>xHOBeHne. 3a Aa tbi>pahm „tbh pene TocnoA", TpaGBa Aa ce npnA^pacaMe kbm HaMepeHneTO
ix
Ha aBTopa. IIpHjioaceHHeTO TpaGBa Aa ce CBi.p3Ba KOHKpeTHO c ocHOBHaTa Hacoica b pa3BHTHeTO Ha
MHCtjiTa b TexcTa, b ctOTBeTHaTa jiHTepaTypHa eAHHHna h b ci>OTBeTHH5i a63aii.
He no3BOJi5iBaHTe Ha cbBpeMeHHnre ch npoGjieMH Aa TbjmyBaT EnGjiKJiTa! Hexa tji caMa Aa
roBopn! 3a Ta3H nen H3BjiHHaiiTe ocHOBHHTe npHHnnnH Ha TeKcra. ToBa e bk3mo5kho caMO xoraTO
caMH^T TeKCT noAKpena nanen npHHnnn. 3a ctacaneHHe, TBtp^e necTO Hainnre npHHnnnH ca ch
HMeHHO „HauiH" npHHi(HnH - a He npHHnnnH Ha caMira TeKCT!
Ilpn npHjioaceHHeTO Ha EnGjimrra e BaacHO Aa homhhm (ocBeH 3a npoponecTBaTa), ne 3a
KOHicpeTHHfl GnGjiencKH TexcT e BanHAHO eAHO eAHHCTBeHO bjtoho 3HaneHHe. ToBa 3HaHemie ce CBi.p3Ba
c opHrHHanHOTO HaMepeHHe Ha aBTopa, c xoeTO toh e aApecnpaji AaAeHa icpHTHHHa cmyanHJi hjih
HyacAa b CBoeTO CBBpeMne. Mhoto bi.3M05khh npHjioaceHHa Morar Aa ce H3BjiHHaT ot eAHO h ctmo
TexcTyajiHO 3HaHemie. Bt3MoacHO e npHjioaceHHeTO Aa ce ocHOBaBa Ha HyacAHTe Ha HHTaTena, ho
3aAt>ji5KHTejiHO TpaGBa Aa ce ocHOBaBa Ha aBTopcxoTO 3HaHemie.
V. /tyxoBHHHT acneKT Ha HHTepnpeTHpaHeTO
,ZI,OTyK ce cnpjix Ha jionmecKHJi h TexcTyanHHa nponec npn HHTepnpeTHpaHeTO h npnjiaraHeTO Ha
TexcTa. Hexa cera HaicpaTKO Aa oGcbahm h AyxoBHHa acneKT Ha ijejina nponec. Eto cnHctK c hakojiko
npnHnnna, kohto ca mh ocoGeHO none3HH:
A. MoneTe ce 3a noMonrra Ha flyxa (b>k. I Kop. 1 :26-2: 16).
B. MoneTe ce 3a jimma npouixa h 3a onncTBaHe ot cb3HaTejmHTe rpexoBe (bjk. I HoaH 1:9).
C. MoneTe ce 3a no-cnjieH xonHeac Aa no3HaBaTe Bora (b>k. lie. 19:7-14; 42:1 h cji.; 119:1 h cji.).
D. He3a6aBHO npHjiarairre b acHBOTa ch bcako otkphthc
E. IIoAAtp^KaHTe cMnpeH h jiio6o3HaTejieH Ayx.
TpyAHO e Aa noAAtp^Kaivie paBHOBecne MeacAy JionmecKHJi nponec h AyxoBHOTO BOAnrejiCTBO Ha
CBeTHA Jfyx. CneAHHTe nnTaTH mh noMaraT Aa ro OTKpHBaM:
A. ot flaceHMC Cairbp (James W. Sire, Scripture Twisting, crp. 17-18):
„IIpocBeTjieHHeTO HABa ao yMa Ha BoacHHTe xopa - a He caMO ao AyxoBHHJi ejiHT. B
GnGneHCKOTO xphcthjihctbo He ctmecTByBa Kjiaca ot eypy ymrrejin . HjiMa uniOMUHamu,
HaMa cnenHajiHH xopa, npe3 kohto eAHHCTBeHO Moace Aa HABa HHTepnpeTHpaHeTO. H
MaKap CBeTHaT Jfyx AaBa ocoGeHH Aap6n Ha MtApocr, no3HaHne h AyxoBHO
npoHHKHOBeHHe, Toh He Ha3HaHaBa cbOTBeTHnre oGAapeHH xphcthhhh Aa ce npeBptmaT
b eAHHCTBeHHTe aBTopHTeTHH TtjiKyBaTejiH Ha HeroBOTO Cjiobo. BceKH eAHH ot HeroBnre
xopa caMOCToaTeiiHO HMa OTroBopHOCT Aa ce roynaBa, Aa OTCjma h Aa H3roTB5i
npeiieHKaTa ch c noMonrra Ha En6jiH5rra, kojito ocTaBa bhcih aBTopHTeT Aopn h 3a OHe3H
xopa, Ha kohto Bor e pa3Aaji cnenHajmn yMeHHH. H TaKa, TBtpAemieTO mh ao to3h
MOMeHT rnacH, ne EnGjiHjrra e eAHHCTBeHOTO hcthhho Boacne OTKpoBeHHe kbm xopaTa, ne
Ta e Ham bhciii aBTopHTeT no bchhkh TeMH b Hea caMaTa h ne tji He e HHKaKBa CKpnTa
MHCTepna, a Moace Aa ce pa36npa ot oGHKHOBeHnre xopa bi.b BCjma eAHa KyjiTypa"
B. ot KnpKerop, nHTHpaH b KHHraTa Ha Bernard Ramm, Protestant Biblical Interpretation (crp.
75):
CnopeA KnpKerop rpaMaTHnecKOTO, neKCHKajiHOTO h ncropHHecKOTO H3CJieABaHe Ha
EnGjimrra e HeoGxoAHMO h npeAxoacAa hcthhhoto neTeHe Ha EnGjiHjrra: „fl,a neTem
EnGjimrra Komo Eocuciie Cnoeo, 03HanaBa Aa a neTem etc CbpneTO ch b ycTa, 3acTaHaji Ha
nptCTH, c HeTtpnejiHBO onaKBaHe, b Anajior c Bora. J\a neTem EnGjinjiTa 6e3pa3Ci>AHO
hjih 6e3rpH5KHO, hjih aKaAeMHHHO, hjih npo(J)ecHOHajiHO, He 03HanaBa Aa a neTem KaTO
Boacne Cjiobo. KoraTO HOBex a neTe KaTO jik)6obho nncMO ce neTe, ToraBa HancTHHa a
neTe KaTO Cjiobo Ha Bora."
C. ot X. PayjiH (H. H. Rowley, The Relevance of the Bible, crp. 19):
„He caMO HHrejieicryajiHOTO pa36npaHe Ha BnGjinaTa, a ntjmoueHHOTO Moace Aa
ycBOH BCHHKHTe h GoraTCTBa. Ta He npe3npa TOBa pasGnpaHe, noHeace T5i e ocHOBaTa Ha
bcjiko ntjiHoiieHHO pasGnpaHe. Ana to3h npouec TpaGBa Aa AOBeAe ao npoyMJiBaHe Ha
AyxoBHHTe ctxpoBHina b Ta3H KHHra, aKO H3o6mo HCKaMe Aa HMaMe HaicaKBO hbjiho
pasGnpaHe. A 3a TaxoBa AyxoBHO npoyMHBaHe e hcoGxoahmo Hemo noBene ot
HHTeneKTyajiHa 6aht6jihoct. ,H,yxoBHHTe Hema ce pa36npaT no AyxoBeH HanHH, a
H3CJieAOBaTeji5rr Ha BnGjinaTa TpaGBa p,a e HacTpoeH p,a npneivia, p,a e acaAeH p,a BKycn icaic
Bor pa3KpHBa Ce6e ch, axo H3o6mo acenae j\a othac otb-ba HaynHOTO H3CJieABaHe b
Ai>Ji6HHHTe Ha GoraTOTO HacneACTBO Ha Ta3H HaH-Bejimca ot bchhkh KHHra."
VI. MeTOfli>T Ha to3h YneSeH KOMeHTap
VnedHUfim KOMenmop e npeAHa3HaHeH i\a bh noMara b HHTepnpeTaTHBHHTe npoueAypn no
cneAHHTe HaHHHn:
A. KpaTtK HCTopnHecKH nperaeA BtBeacAa Bonca KHnra. CneA KaTO H3Bi.puiHTe JTpoHHra Ha
TpeTH LiHRtji, cneABa m ce 3ano3HaeTe n c Ta3n HHc[)opMauH5i.
B. HaGjiiOAeHHHTa Btpxy KOHreKcra ce HaMnpaT b HanajiOTO Ha Bcaxa rnaBa. Te me bh noMaraT
Aa en H3rpaAHTe npeACTaBa icaic ce crpyKTypnpaT OTAejiHHTe jinTepaTypHn eAHHHUH.
C. B HanajiOTO Ha Bcaica rnaBa hjih ocHOBHa jinTepaTypHa eAHHHua ce H3JiaraT pa3AejieHH5rra no
a63au n onncaTejiHHTe 3arjiaBiiH ot hjikojiko CBBpeMeHHH npeBOAa:
1 . The United Bible Society Greek text, fourth edition revised(UBS 4 )
2. The New American Standard Bible, 1995 Update (NASB)
3 . The New King James Version (NKJV)
4. The New Revised Standard Version (NRSV)
5. Today's English Version (TEV)
6. The Jerusalem Bible (JB)
Pa3AejieHHjrra no a63aun He ca GoroBAtxHOBeHH. Te cneABa Aa ce H3BeacAaT ot KOHreKcra.
Hpes ctnocTaBKaTa Ha hjikojikoto CBBpeMeHHH npeBOAH, ocHOBaHH Ha pa3JiHHHH
npeBOAanecKH noAxoAH h Goidcjiobckh MnporjieAH, me MoaceM Aa aHajiH3HpaMe
npeAnojiaraeMaTa crpyiaypa Ha aBTopcxaTa mhcbji. Bcexn a63au HMa eAHa ocHOBHa mhcbji.
Ta ce Hap una „TeMaTHHHO ropeHeHHe" hjih „ueHTpajiHa HAea Ha TeKcra". Ta3H ocHOBHa
MHCBJI e KJHOHtT KtM npaBHJIHOTO HCTOpHHeCKO H rpaMaTHHeCKO TtJIKyBaHe. HOBeK HHKOra
He Tpa6Ba Aa TtjixyBa, Aa nponoBAABa hjih Aa noynaBa Btpxy TexcT, kohto e no-Majn>K ot
eAHH a63au! Ctmo Taica He 3a6paBaiiTe, ne Bceiai a63au e CBtp3aH c OKOJiHure a63aun. Eto
3amo e BaacHO Aa ch H3ipaacAaMe h nnaH Ha hjijioto nocnaHHe Ha hhbo a63aun. HeoGxoAHMO e
ctmo Taxa Aa npocjieA^BaMe noTOKtT Ha jionrqecicaTa mhcbji Ha aBTopa Btpxy aApecnpaHaTa
TeMa.
D. TtjiKyBaTejiHHTe GeneacKH Ha Bo6 npocjieA^BaT CTHxoBeTe eAHH no eAHH. To3h noAxoA hh
npHHyacAaBa Aa cneAHM MHCfcjrra Ha aBTopa. BeneacKHTe npeAOcraBJiT HH^opMauHa ot
hjikojiko c(J)epH:
1 . jiHTepaTypeH koht6kct;
2. HCTopHKO-xyjiTypHH 3a6ejieacKH;
3 . rpaMaTHHecKa HH^opMauHa;
4. CJIOBeCHH H3CJieABaHH5i;
xi
5. CBtp3aHH napanejiHH nacaacn.
Ha onpeAeneHH MecTa b KOMeHTapa AaBaM HHTaTH ot aMepHKaHCKaTa Bepcua Ha EnGjimrra
New American Standard Version (1995 update). Te notraKora me ce AontjiBaT h ot HHTaTH ot
Apyrn CBBpeMeHHH npeBOAH:
1. The New King James Version (NKJV), kohto cneABa TeKcryajiHaTa TpaAHHHJi Ha
ptKonncHTe Ha „Textus Receptus."
2. The New Revised Standard Version (NRSV), kohto e GyKBanHa peBH3na, noAroTBeHa
Btpxy Revised Standard Version ot HauHOHajiHHH ctBeT Ha ixbpKBHre b CAH],.
3. The Today's English Version (TEV), kohto e AHHaMHHHO eKBHBaneHreH npeBOfl,
noAroTBeH ot AMepHKaHCKaTa GnGnencKa oGiuhoct.
4. The Jerusalem Bible (JB), kohto e aHrjiHHCKH npeBOA, ocHOBaH Ha (J)peHCKaTa
KaTOJiHHecKa TpaAHHHJi, cneABanKH noAxoAa Ha AHHaMHHHO eKBHBajieHTHHre npeBOAH.
3a BCHHKH OHe3H, KOHTO He HeTaT rptllKH e3HK, CtnOCTaBaHeTO MeaCfly H5IKOJIKOTO aHrjiHHCKH
npeBOAa Moace #a noMorHe npn OTKpHBaHeTO Ha cjieAHHre npoGneMH b Tecra:
1 . pa3JiHHHa Meac^y opHrHHajiHHre MaHycKpHnTH;
2. ajiTepHaTHBHH cnoBecHH 3HaneHHa;
3. rpaMaTHHecKH TpyAHOCTH b TeKcra h b CTpyKTypaTa;
4. HeaCHH TeKCTOBC
BtnpeKH ne He MoraT #a pa3peuiaT Te3H npoGneMH, aHraHHCKHre npeBOAH noHe MoraT #a hh
AaAaT HacoKa Kt^e e HeoGxoAHMO m OTAejiHM BpeMe h crapaHHe 3a no-3aAtji6oHeHO
H3cneABaHe.
B Kpaa Ha BcaKa raaBa ca npeAOcraBeHH aKiyajiHH BtnpocH 3a oGctacAaHe, hhhto ueji e Aa
HaconaT BHHMaHneTO kbm KjiioHOBHTe HHTepnpeTaTHBHH npoGneMH b ctOTBeTHaTa raaBa.
XII
Xlll
nOCJIAHHETO
HA IIABEJI
KT>M PHMJIflHHTE
Bl>BEflEHHE K1>M PHMJIHHH
YBOAHH ^YMH
A. Phmjihhh e Haii-CHCTeMaTHHHaTa h HaH-jionraHara flOKipHHajma KHHra Ha anocTOJi IlaBeji. IloBoa 3a
HanHCBaHeTO h ca onpeflejieHH cbGhths b Phm. HaicaKBa cjiyHKa hjih o6cTaHOBKa e norraKHana IlaBeji
A,a cbHHHH TOBa iihcmo. CbmeBpeMemio o6aie TOBa e h Haii-HeyTpajiHOTO ot bchhkh HeroBH
nocjiaHHa. IlaBeji TpeTHpa KOHKpeTHHa Bi>3HHKHaji npo6jieM (Bepojrrao CTaBa ^yMa 3a peBHOcrra
Meac^y BO^aHHTe ot lo^eHCKH h ot e3HnecKH npoH3xoA, b>k. 14:1-15:13) no Taio>B HaiHH, ie ycroiBa
acHO p,a h3jio>kh 6jiaroBecTHeTO h HeroBOTO npHjio>KeHHe b HopManHOTO e)Ke,aHeBHe.
B. H3Ji05KeHHeTO Ha 6jiaraTa bcct b Phmjihhh e OKa3Bajio BjiHamie Btpxy h>pkobhhji >khbot bt>b bchhkh
enoxn:
1. ripe3 386 r. ABrycTHH Ejia>KeHH ce o6pi>ma kbm BapaTa, no^THKHaT ot npoiHT Ha Phmjdihh
13:13-14.
2. HanHHTjT, no kohto MapTHH JlyTep pa36npa cnaceHneTO, pa^HKajiHO ce npoMeHa npe3 1513 r.,
KoraTO toh cbnocTaBa lie .31:1c Phmji .1:17 (b>k . cbHjo ABaK .2:4).
3. flacoH YecjiH, kohto npe3 1738 r. BjiH3a Ha e^HO ci>6paHHe Ha mchohhth, ce o6pi>ma kbm Bora,
cjiyinaHKH KaK e^HH ^3koh neTe JlyTepoBa nponoBe^ Btpxy yBO^a Ha Phmjdihh, noHe>Ke HHMajio
nponoBeAHHK!
C. J\a. no3HaBain Phmjdihh 03HaiaBa ^a no3HaBain xpHCTHaHCKaia Bapa! ToBa nocnaHHa npeBptma
acHBOTa h yneHHiiTa Ha XpncTOC b ocHOBonojiarama HCTHHa 3a LfapKBara npe3 bchhkh enoxn. MapTHH
JlyTep nnine 3a Hero: „Phmjdihh e ocHOBHaTa KHHra b Hobim 3aBeT h Han-HHCTOTO eBaHrejine!"
ABTOP
Abtop^t onpeAejieHO e IlaBeji. HeroBHjrr o6HiaeH no3^paB ce cpenja b 1:1. KaTO uajio HMa Cbrjiacne, ie
IlaBjiOBHaT „TpT)H b njitTTa" e 6hji 3pHTejieH npo6jieM. Ako e TaKa, Han-BepoaTHO nncMOTO e nncaHO He ot
co6cTBeHOTO My nepo, a cjie,a flHKTOBKa Ha khidkhhk Ha HMe TepTHH (b>k. 16:22).
AAta
A. Bi)3MO>KHaTa ^ara 3a HanHCBaHeTO e Me^y 56 h 58 r. cji. Xp. ToBa nocjiaHHe e^na ot MajiKOTO
HOB03aBeTHH KHHra, kohto MoraT j\a ce flarapar etc cpaBHHTejiHa tohhoct. IlocTHraMe ro npn
CbnocTaBKa Ha Jlpsnmx 20:2 h cji. C Phmjdihh 15:17 h cji. Haii-BepoaTHO nocjiaHHeTO e nncaHO ot rp.
KopHHT KbM Kpaa Ha ipeTOTO MHCHOHepcKO ntTeniecTBHe Ha IlaBeji, Henocpe^CTBeHO npe,zni p,a.
3aMHHe 3a HepycajiHM.
B. BepoaTHaia xpoHOJiorna Ha IlaBjiOBHTe nncMa no-,ziojiy ci>m Bi)3npHeji ot ipy^OBeTe Ha <1>. <1). Bpyc h
Mtpn Xapnc, c hhkoh a^amai^n:
KHHra rojHHa msicto Ha HanncBaHe Bpi>3Ka c JesiHHsi
l.TajiaTaHH 48 Ahthoxhs CnpHHCKa 14:28; 15:2
2. 1 CojiyHi(H
50
KopHHT
3 . II CojiyHi(H
50
KopHHT
4. I KopHHTSHH
55
E(J)ec
5 . II KopHHT3HH
56
MaKe^OHHa
6. Phmjihhh
57
KopHHT
18:5
19:20
20:2
20:3
7.-10. IMCMA OT 3ATBOPA
KonocaHH 60-Te
E(J>ecaHH 60-Te Phm
(Dhjihmoh 60-Te
<I>HjiHnaHH 62-63 28:30-31
11.-13. HETBTjPTO MHCHOHEPCKO n^TEUIECTBHE
I THMOTen cjie,a 63 MaKe^OHHa
Tht npe^H 64 E(J>ec (?)
II THMOTefi 68 Phm
nOJIYHATEJIH
Cnope,a caMOTO nocjiaHHe ,aecTHHaiiH5rra e Phm. He 3HaeM koh e ocHOBan H>pKBara b Phm:
A. Bi)3mo>kho e ,aa ca 6hjih xopa, kohto ca 6hjih Ha nocemeHne b HepycanHM Ha nexaecaraHua, Kb,neTO
ca ce oG'bpHanH kt>m Xphctoc h cjie^ 3aBpT>maHeTO ch y ^OMa ca peiimjiH p,a ocHOBaT HtpKBa (b>k.
JJpxmw 2:10).
B. Bi)3mo>kho enflaca 6hjih yneHHHH, kohto ca H36aranH ot roHeHHaTa b HepycanHM cne,a CMtpira Ha
Cre(J)aH (b>k. fleam™ 8:4).
C. Bt^mtokho e h ,aa ca 6hjih o6pT>meHHH ot MHCHOHepcKHre m>TeiiiecTBHa Ha naBen, kohto
Bnocjie^CTBHe ca ce npeMecTHjin b Phm. naBen He e nocemaBaji Ta3H H>pKBa, MaKap ne e HMan
>KejiaHne (b>k. fleaHHa 19:21). TaM toh e HMan MHoro npnaTejiH (b>k. Phmjhihh 16 rji.).
CaMHaT toh 3bho e HMan HaMepeHHe ,aa noceTH Phm Ha BptmaHe ot HcnaHHa (b>k. Phmji. 15:28)
HenocpeACTBeHO cne,a m>TyBaHeTO My p,o HepycanHM c „aapeHHeTO Ha jiK>6oBTa". naBen e nyBCTBaji,
ne pa6oTara My no h3tohhoto Cpe,aH3eMHOMopHe Bene e ronepnaHa. Ttpceji e hobh noneTa (b^k.
15:20-23,28). HocnrejiaT Ha TOBa nncMO ot naBen Hafi-BepoaTHO e 6njia <I>HBa - ,aaKOHHca, icoaTO e
niTyBajia kt>m Phm (b>k. Phmji. 16: 1).
H 3aHJO TOBa nHCMO, CbHHHeHO B TbMHHTe yjIHHKH Ha KopHHT npe3 I BeK CJI. Xp. OT e^HH 06HKH0BeH
HiHBan Ha nanaTKH, ce e OKa3ano TOJiKOBa BaacHO? MapTHH JlyTep ro Hapiraa „0CH0BHaTa KHHra b
Hobhs 3aBeT h Han-HHCTOTO eBaHrejine". CTOHHOCTra Ha Ta3H KHHra ce Kpne bt>b (J)aKra, ne Ta H3Jiara
3am>ji6oHeHO o6acHeHHe Ha 6jiaroBecTHeTO, pa3pa6oTeHO ot e^HH oG^pHan ce kbm Xphctoc paBHH Ha
HMe CaBeji ot Tape, nproBaH CBHine ,aa craHe anocTOJi cpe,a e3HHHHHHre. noBeneTO naBjiOBH nncMa ca
chjiho oi(BeTeHH ot pa3HH npenpaTKH kbm MecTHaTa o6cTaHOBKa, ho He h Phmjihhh. To npeflCTaBjiaBa
CHCTeMaTHHHO H3JioaceHHe Ha Bapara Ha anocTOJia.
3aMHCJiaji jih ch ce, npnaTejiio xpHcraaHHH, ne noBene TexHHiecKH noHaTHa, c hhjito noMom ppec
onncBaMe BapaTa ch („onpaB,aaHHe", „BMeHaBaHe", „ocHHOBjieHHe", „ocBemeHHe") bcbhihoct naBaT
tbkmo ot Phmjihhh? Hm6hho TyK e 6orocjiOBCKOTO pa3BHTHe Ha HCTHHHTe b TanaTaHH. Mojih ce Ha
Eora TOBa npeKpacHO nncMO p,a 6T>,ae OTBopeHO npe,a ohhtc th, ^OKaro 3ae,aHO ce cnpeMHM p,a OTKpneM
HeroBaTa Bona b >KHBOTa hh ^Hec!
nPE^HASHAHEHHE
A. Anen 3a noMom 3a HeroBOTO npe^CToamo MHCHOHepcKO rrbTeinecTBHe ,zio HcnaHHa. IlaBeji CMjrra, ne
anocTOJiCKHaT My aHra^KHMeHT io>m h3tohhoto CpeflroeMHOMopne Bene e npnicjiiOHeH (b>k. 15:20-
23,28).
B. A^pecHpaHe Ha npo6jieM b pHMCKaTa H>pKBa MOK^y noBapBajiHre KweH h noBapBajiHre c3hhhhhh.
HanpeaceHHeTO Bepojrrao nznm ot nporoHBaHeTO Ha bchhkh io,zieH ot Phm h no-Ki>CHOTO hm
3aBpT>maHe. B tjixho otcbctbhc KmeficKHTe BO^aHH ca 6hjih 3aMecTeHH ot c3hhhhhh xphcthjihh.
C. Ilpe,ziCTaBjiHe Ha IlaBeji npe,a PnMcicaTa HtpKBa. B HepycajiHM e HMano ^ocTa ci>iipoTHBa cpemy IlaBeji
ot HCKpeHHTe Kmen o6pi>meHHH (b>k. Gi>6opa b HepycajiHM b J^esmm 15 rji.), ot HencicpeHHTe Kmen
(b3k. lo^aHCTHTe b TanaTaHH h II Kophhtshh 3, 10-13 rji.), Kaicro h ot e3HHHHHHTe (b>k. Kojiocjihh h
E(J>ecaHH), kohto ca ce onHTBajin p,a CMecaT 6jiaroBecTHeTO etc coGctbchhtc hm ^pe6HaBH TeopnH h
(J)HJIOCO(J)HH (KaTO rHOCTHL(H3Ma).
D. IlaBeji nojiynaBa o6BHHeHHa, ne npaBH onacHH HOBOBi>Be,zieHH5i, KaTO flo6aBa 6e3pa3Ci>,aHO cboh H^en
Btpxy yneHHaTa Ha XpncTOC. IlocjiaHHeTO kt>m pHMjiaHHre e HeroBHHT HaiHH p,a h3jio>kh
CHCTeMaTHHHa anojioreTHKa, noKa3BaiiKH, ne HeroBOTO 6jiaroBecTHe e hcthhho c noMOHjTa Ha OrapHa
3aBeT h yneHHaTa Ha Hcyc (b eBaHrejraaTa).
KPATLK njIAH HA IIHCMOTO
A. BtBe^eHHe (1:1-17)
1 . IIo3ApaB (1:1-7)
a. Abtc>p(1-5)
b. MecTonojioaceHne (6-7a)
c. Ilo3ApaB (7b)
2. noBOA (1:8-15)
3. Team (1:16-17)
B. Hy^c^a ot Eo>KH5rra npaBe^HOCT (1: 18-3:20)
1 . yna,ziT>K Ha e3HnecKHa cbjit (1:18-32)
2. ^ByjiHHHe Ha KweHre hjih e3HnecKH MopajiHCTH (2:1-16)
3. npncb^a 3a Kmenre (2:17-3:8)
4. Bceo6mo ocb^eHHe (3:9-20)
C . KaKBO e EroKHjrra npaBe^HOCT (3:21-8:39)
1 . OnpaB^aHHe caMO npe3 Bapa (3:21-31)
2. OcHOBaTa Ha npaB^aTa: Eokhcto o6emaHHe(4: 1-25)
a. IlpaBOTO CToeHe Ha ABpaaM (4: 1-5)
b. flaBiw (4 : 6-8)
c. OTHOineHHeTO Ha ABpaaM kt>m o6pa3BaHeTO (4:9-12)
d. EoacneTO o6emaHHe kim ABpaaM (4: 13-25)
3 . Ilpnzio6HBaHeTO Ha npaBe^HOCT (5:1-21)
a. Cy6eKTHBeH acneKT: He3acjiy>KeHa jik>6ob, He3eMHa paziocT (5:1-5)
b. 06eKTHBHa ocHOBa: Bo>KHaTa ny^Ha jiio6ob (5:6-11)
c. THnojioraa A^aM-XpncTOc: A^aMOBHHT rpax h EoiaiaT npoMHCbJi (5:12-21)
4. EcDKHjrra npaB.ua bo^h ,zjo jinnHa npaBe^HOCT (6: 1-7:25)
a. OcBo6oAeHHOTrpexa(6:l-14)
(1) Bi)3mo>kho BT>3pa>KeHHe (6: 1-2)
(2) CMHCbJTbT Ha KptmeHHeTO (6:3-14)
b. Cnyra Ha CaTaHa hjih Ha Bora: tboh H36op (6: 15-23)
c. EpaicbT Ha HOBeica h 3aKOHa (7:1-6)
d. 3aKOHbT e ^oG'bp, ho rpextT npenn Ha ao6poto (7:7-14)
e. BenHara 6op6a MOK^y ^o6po h 3jio y BapBanjna (7: 15-25)
5. Bn^HMHTe pe3yjiTaTH ot EroKHaTa npaBe,HHOCT (8: 1-39)
a. >Khbot b Jfyxa (8:1-17)
b. H3KynjieHHeTO Ha TBopeHHjrra (8: 18-25)
c. nocToaHHara noMom Ha Jfyxa (8:26-30)
d. TpnyMcJybT ot onpaB^aHneTO npe3 Bapa (8:31-39)
D. Bo^KHaTa neji 3a najiOTO HOBenecTBO (9: 1-1 1:32)
1 . H36opi>T Ha H3panji (9:1-33)
a. Hcthhckh Hacjieflmmn no Bapa (9:1-13)
b. CyBepeHHTeTbT Ha Bora (9:14-26)
c. BoacnaT yHHBepcajieH njiaH BKjiiOHBa e3HHHHnirre (9:27-33)
2 . CnaceHneTO Ha H3panji (10:1-21)
a. BoacnaTa npaB^a cpemy HOBemicaTa npaB^a (10: 1-13)
b. Bo>KHaTa mhjioct ncxa nocnaHHnn: npn3HB 3a Mncna (10:14-18)
c . H3pan.11 npojxbnyKaBa p,a He BapBa b XpncTOC (10:19-21)
3 . IlpoBajTbT Ha H3panji (11:1-36)
a. K),zieHCKHaT ocTarbK (11:1-10)
b. lO^eHCKaTa peBHOCT (11:11-24)
c. BpeMeHHaTa cnenoTa Ha H3panji (1 1:25-32)
d . IlaB jioBHaT h36jihk Ha cjiaBocjiOBne (11:33-36)
E . Pe3yjrran>T ot ^apa Ha Bo^cnaTa npaB^a (12:1-15:13)
1 . IlpH3HB 3a nocBemeHne (12:1-2)
2. YnoTpeGara Ha flapGnre (12:3-8)
3. OTHOineHHe kt>m ^pyrnre BapBamn (12:9-21)
4 . OTHOineHHe kt>m ^tp^KaBara (13:1-7)
5 . OTHOineHHa kim cbceflnre (13:8-10)
6. OTHOineHHa ki>m rocno^a (13:11-14)
7. OTHOineHHa kt>m ^pyrnre BapBamn b ntpKBara (14: 1-12)
8. BjinaHHeTO hh Btpxy OKOJiHHTe (12: 13-23)
9. OTHOineHHa Ha xpncTono,zio6HOCT (15:1-13)
F. 3aKjiiOHeHHe (15:14-33)
1. JlnHHHTe njiaHOBe Ha IlaBeji (15: 14-29)
2. Moji6h 3a MOJiHTBa (15:30-33)
G. IIocjienHC (16:1-27)
1. no3flpaBH(16:l-24)
2. BjiarocjiOBeHHe (16:25-27)
nPOHHT HA IILPBH HHKBJI (bsk. CTp. viii)
To3h KOMeHTap e caMO p^kobo^ctbo 3a H3ynaBaHe. ToBa 03HanaBa, ne BHe caMH Hocnre ottobophoct 3a
HanHHa, no kohto TbjiicyBaTe EnGjinaTa. BceKH ot Hac Tpa6Ba ^a xohh b CBeTjiHHaTa, kohto My e ^aneHa.
IlpHopHTeT npn HHrepnpeTaHHjrra CTe caMHaT BHe, Bamara Bh6jihh h CBeTHjrr Jfyx. He Girea p,a npexBtpjiaTe
Ta3H OTTOBOpHOCT Ha KOHTO Hflae KOMeHTaTOp.
nponeTeTe HfljiaTa GnGjiencKa KHHra Ha e^HH p,i>x. noconeTe HeHrpajiHara TeMa Ha KHHrara etc cboh
C06CTBeHH flyMH.
1 . TeMa Ha uajiara KHHra
2. Tnn jiHTepaTypa (>KaHp)
nPOHHT HA BTOPH HHKBJI (bsk. CTp. viii)
To3H KOMeHTap e caMO p^kobo^ctbo 3a H3ynaBaHe. ToBa 03HanaBa, ne BHe caMH Hocnre OTroBopHOCT 3a
HanHHa, no kohto TbjiKyBaTe BnGjinaTa. BceKH ot Hac Tpa6Ba ^a xo^h b CBeraHHara, kohto My e ^aneHa.
npHopnreT npn HHrepnpeTaHH5rra CTe caMHaT BHe, Baniara Eh6jihji h Cbcthjit Jfyx. He 6nBa ^a npexBtpjiaTe
Ta3H OTrOBOpHOCT Ha kohto Hflae KOMeHrarop.
Othobo nponeTeTe Hajiara GnGjiencKa KHHra Ha e^HH ffbx. OnepTanTe ochobhhtc TeMaranHH e^HHHHH h ra
03arjiaBeTe c no e^HO H3peneHHe.
1 . TeMa Ha ntpBara jiHreparypHa e,aHHHHa:
2. TeMa Ha BTopara jiHTepaTypHa e,nHHHHa:
3 . TeMa Ha TpeTaTa JiHTepaTypHa eflHHHua:
4. TeMa Ha neTBtpTara JiHTepaTypHa e,ziHHHHa:
5. Ht.h.
Phmjihhh 1 rjiaea
PA3AEJIEHHA no A
B3AHH B CBBPEM]
EHHHTE nPEBO^H
A
UBS 4
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
JB
IIo3/ipaB
IIo3/ipaBH
H npHBeTCTBHa
IIo3/ipaB
IIo3/ipaB
06ptmeHHe
1:1-7
1:1-7
1:1-6
1:1
1:1-2
1:2-6
1:3-7
1:7a
1:7a
1:7b
1:7b
5KenaHHeTO Ha IlaBeji
j\& floiifle b Phm
}KenaHHe
j\& noceTH Phm
Bnaro/iapeHHe
Bnaro/iapcTBeHa
MOJIHTBa
Bnaro/iapHOCT
H MOJIHTBa
1:8-15
1:8-15
1:8-15
1:8-12
1:8-15
1:13-15
CnnaTa
Ha eBaHrejineTO
IIpaBe/iHHaT
XHBee npe3 BJipa
TeMa Ha nocnaHHeTO
CnnaTa
Ha eBaHrejineTO
H3JioxceHHe
Ha TeMaTa
1:16-17
1:16-17
1:16-17
1:16-17
1:16-17
BnHaTa
Ha HOBenecTBOTO
ECDKHHT THHB
3apa/iH HenpaB/iaTa
EcDKHHTa npnct/ia
3a rpexa
BnHaTa
Ha HOBenecTBOTO
BOXCHHT TH>IB
cpemy e3HHHHi[HTe
1:18-23
1:18-32
1:18-23
1:18-23
1:18-25
1:24-32
1:24-25
1:24-25
1:26-27
1:26-27
1:26-27
1:28-32
1:28-32
1:28-32
nPOHHT HA TPETH HHKLJI (bsk. CTp. ix)
IIPOCJIEffXBAHE HA ABTOPCKOTO HAMEPEHME HA HHBO AE3AH,H
To3h KOMeHTap e caMO p^kobo^ctbo 3a H3ynaBaHe. ToBa 03HanaBa, ne BHe caMH Hocnre OTroBopHOCT 3a
HanHHa, no kohto TbjiKyBaTe EnGjinaTa. BceKH ot Hac Tpa6Ba ^a xoan b CBeTjiHHaTa, koato My e flafleHa.
IlpHopHTeT npn HHTepnpeTaL(H)iTa ctc caMHaT BHe, BainaTa Eh6jihji h CBeTHjrr Jlyx. He 6nBa ^a npexBtpnaTe
Ta3H OTrOBOpHOCT Ha KOHTO Hflae KOMeHTaTOp.
nponeTeTe rnaBaTa Ha e^HH ffbx. Onpe^ejieTe TeMHTe. CtnocTaBeTe BaineTO TeManraHO pa3,ziejieHHe c
neire CBBpeMeHHH npeBO^a no-rope. Pa3AejraHeTO Ha a63anH He e B^txHOBeHO ot Bora, ho e kjhohobo 3a
npocjieAaBaHeTO Ha aBTopcKOTO HaMepeHHe. A HMeHHO TOBa e b cbpueBHHara Ha HHTepnpeTHpaHeTO. BceKH
a63au; HMa e^Ha e^HHCTBeHa TeMa.
1 . HbpBH a63ai(
* MaKap fla He ca B^BXHOBeHH ot Eora, pa3flejieHiiaTa no a63aini me mi noMorHaT ^a npocneflaBaMe HaMepeHiieTO Ha aBTopa BceKH CBBpeMeHeH npeBOfl e HanpaBim
CBoe pa3fleneHiie Ha 1 rnaBa BceKH a63aii HMa eflHa neHTpanHa TeMa, HCTima huh mhcbjt BceKH 6HOjieHCKH npeBOfl npe^aBa Ta3H TeMa no cboh OT^eneH Ham-m floicaTO neTeTe
TeKCTa, en 3a^aBaiiTe BBnpoca koii npeBOfl nacBa Han-^o6pe Ha HaHima, no kohto Biie pa3onpaTe flejiemieTO Ha TeMaTa.
Bbb BcaKa rnaBa TpaGBa Haii-Hanpefl fla npo^eTeTe Bi-iojiiiHTa i-i fla ce oniiTaTe caMH fla o6oco6iiTe Heimirre a63ain-i n TeMH Irocjie ctnocTaBaTe BanieTO flenemie c TOBa
Ha ctBpeMeHHHTe npeBOflii. EflBa KoraTO HOBeK npoHHKHe b HaMepemreTO Ha ntpBOHananHHa aBTop, cne^BaHKH HeroBaTa norHKa h rajioaceHHe, me Moace n hcthhckh fla
3anoHHe ^a pa36npa EnGjiHHTa B^BXHOBeH ot Eora e caMO ntpBOHananHHaT aBTop ^HTaTejiaT HaMa npaBO fla npoMeHa hjih fla MOflH^Hinrpa nocjiamieTO Ei-i6jiencKirre
HHTaTejiii HMaT OTroBopHOCT ^a npimaraT B^BXHOBeHaTa ncTHHa b CBoeTO eace^HeBHe h b cboh >khbot.
3a6ejie»ceTe, 'ie bchhkh TexHHiecKH noHHTHfl 11 CLKpameHiiH ca ooncHeHii b I, II 11 III npino>KeHiie.
2. Btoph a63ai(
3 . TpeTH a63ai(
4.HT.H.
HABJIIOAEHHfl BLPXy KOHTEKCTA
A. Cthxobc 1-7 (|)opMyjiHpaT BtBe^eHHeTO kbm nncMOTO. ToBa e Hafi-fl'bjirHaT yBOfl ot bchhkh nocjiaHna
Ha IlaBeji. Toh ce onHTBa j\a. npe^CTaBH ce6e ch h 6orocjiOBHeTO ch npe,n e^Ha n>pKBa, c kohto He ce
no3HaBaT jihhho h kojito MO>Ke 6h e nyBana HeBapHa HHcjDopManira 3a Hero.
B. CraxoBe 8-12 npcucTaBjiaBar yBOHHa Gjiaro^apcTBeHa MOJiHTBa. TaKbB bh^ mojihtbh ca xapaKTepHH 3a
CTHjia Ha rptHKHTe nocjiaffira KaTO najio, KaKTO h KOHKpeTHO 3a CTHjia Ha IlaBjiOBHTe nocjiaHHa.
C. CTHxoBe 16-17 3aflBHBaT TeMaTa Ha KHHraTa.
D. Ot cthx 18 ^o 3:20 e H3Jio>KeHa m>pBara Ba^KHa TeMa b nocjiaHneTO Ha IlaBeji: bchhkh xopa ca
H3ry6eHH h HMaT Hyaena ot cnaceHHe (b>k. BnTHe 3 rji.).
1 . 6e3HpaBCTBeHHTe e3HHHHnn
2. HpaBCTBeHHTe e3HHHHL(H
3 . Kmenre
E. Phmjihhh 1:18-3:20 0Tpa33Ba Bhthc 3 rji (H3HeHanBamo e, ho 3a nporoxozja Ha rpexa paBHHHTe ce
Cbcpe^OTOHaBaT He Btpxy to3h tckct, a Han-Bene Btpxy Bhthc 6 rji.) HoBenecTBOTO e ci>3,ziafleHO 3a
o6meHHe c Bora (b>k. Bht. 1:26-27). Ana bmccto TOBa hobckbt peinaBa j\a. H36epe npocBeTjieHneTO h
o6emaHHeTO 3a BjiacT h npeB'bsxoziCTBO. Ha npaKTHKa xopaTa 3aMeHjrr Bora 3a ce6e ch (areHCTHneH
xyMaHHStM)!
Bor ^onycKa h Bepojrrao p,OHHKbp,e HacoHBa Ta3H Kproa. J\& 6-bp,eM Cb3p,ap,emi no HeroB o6pa3
03HanaBa p,a CMe OTroBopHH, HpaBCTBeHO otbctctbchh h bojicbo cbo6o^hh 3a nocjie^CTBHaTa. Bor
OT^ejia xopaTa e^HOBpeMeHHO no cboh h no TexeH H36op (3aBeTHO B3aHMOOTHOineHHe) ! Ton hm
no3BOJiaBa j\a. H36epaT ce6e ch - c bchhkhtc nocjie^CTBHa ot TOBa peine hhc JI^jiGoko b ce6e ch Toh e
HapaHeH (b^k. Bht. 6:5-7), ajia xopaTa ca MopanHO cbo6o^hh jihhhocth c bchhkhtc nocjie^CTBHa ot
to3h (J>aKT. IloBTopeHHaT H3pa3 „Bor ra npe^aAe" (b>k. 1:24,26,28) e noKa3areji hmchho 3a Ta3H
CBoGo^a, a He 3a bojicbo OTXEtpjiaHe Ha xopaTa ot Bora. CjiynnjiOTO ce He e no HeroB H36op. ToBa He
e cbctbt, kohto Bor e 3aMHCJiaji (b»c. Bht. 3:22; 6:5-7,11-13)!
F. BorocjiOBCKOTO o6o6meHHe Ha 1:18-3:20 ce cpenja b 3:21-31. ToBa e nbpBara „flo6pa bcct" b
6jiaroBecTHeTO. Bchhkh xopa ca cbrpeninjiH h H3nHTBaT Hyaena ot BoacnaTa nponiKa. A Bor
6jiaroAaTHO ocnrypaBa o6paTeH ntT kt>m 6jih3koto o6meHHe c Hero (t.c k^m e^eMCKOTO njacTHe).
10
B Ta3H m>pBa jiHTepaTypHa e,aHHHna ot IlaBjiOBOTO npe,acTaBaHe Ha 6jiaraTa Beer e Baaoio %a
OT6ejie>KHM, ne naflHanoTO HOBeiecTBO hoch OTroBopHOCT 3a CBoa 6yHT h 3a rpexa ch - n to 6e3
HHKaKBO cnoMeHaBaHe Ha CaTaHa hjih Ha fleMOHHHHna CBaT (b>k. Phmji. 1:18-3:20). To3h pa3,aeji
onpe^ejieHO OTpa3aBa 6orocjiOBHeTO Ha Eirrae 3 rji., ana 6e3 jinHHOCTra Ha H3KycHTejia. Bor HaMa ,aa
^onycHe nanHariOTO HOBenecTBO othobo ,aa npexBtpjia najiara BHHa Btpxy CaTaHa (Bac. Bht. 3:13) hjih
Btpxy Bora (Bac. Bht. 3: 12). XopaTa ca cbTBopemi no Eoacn o6pa3 (Bac. Bht. 1:26; 5: 1,3; 9:6). Te HMar
npaBOTO, Bjiacira h 3am>jiaceHneTO ,aa npaBaT H36opn. Te ca OTroBopHH 3a BcaKO e^no CBoe peineHHe -
KaKTO bchhkh 3ae,nHO b rpexa Ha Aa,aM, Taica h nooxaejiHO b HH,aHBH,nyajiHHa ch rpax (Bac. 3:23).
H3CJIE^BAHE HA ^YMH H G>PA3H
HHTAT OT EKTTAPCKHfl nPEBO^ BEPEH —1:1-6
IlaBeji, cjiyra Ha Hncyc XpncTOC, nprooBaH 3a anocTOJi, oxaejieH 3a EoacneTO 6jiaroBecTHe, kocto Ton
6eine o6eman OTnpefln ipe3 npoponnre Ch b CBeTHre rincaHHa, 3a HeroBna Chh, kohto no iutbt ce po^n ot
noTOMCTBOTO Ha flaBHfl h 6enie o6hbch KaTO Eoacn Chh ci>c cnjia, cnope^ Ay xa Ha cbhtoct, npe3
BT>3KpeceHHeTO ot MtpTBHTe - Hncyc XpncTOC, Hanma TocnoA, npe3 KoroTO nojiyraxMe 6jiaro,aaT h
anocTOJiCTBO, 3a ,aa noKopaBaMe Ha Bapara bchhkh Hapofln b HeroBOTO HMe, Meac^y kohto CTe h Bne,
npH30BaHHTe Ha Hncyc XpncTOC;
HHTAT OT AHrjIHHCKHfl nPEBOA NASB — 1:1-6
'Paul, a bond-servant of Christ Jesus, called as an apostle, set apart for the gospel of God, 2 which He
promised beforehand through His prophets in the holy Scriptures, Concerning His Son, who was born of a
descendant of David according to the flesh, 4 who was declared the Son of God with power by the
resurrection from the dead, according to the Spirit of holiness, Jesus Christ our Lord, through whom we
have received grace and apostleship to bring about the obedience of faith among all the Gentiles for His
name's sake, 6 among whom you also are the called of Jesus Christ;
1:1 „naBeji" noBeieTO Kmen no BpeMeTO Ha IlaBeji ca HMann no ppe HMeHa - e^no ioachcko h e^HO phmcko
(Bac. J^enHim 13:9). lO^encKOTO HMe Ha IlaBeji e 6hjio CaBeji. I1oao6ho Ha ,apeBHHa nap Ha H3paHji, toh ci>mo e
po^OM ot njieMeTO Ha BeHnaMHH (Bac. Phmji. 11:1; <J>hji. 3:5). A jiaTHHCKOTO My HMe „riaBeji" b HeroBaTa rpi>nKa
(J)opMa [paulos] 03HanaBa „Majn>K". ToBa ce oraaca:
1. hjih 3a (J)H3HHecKHa My CTaryT, 3a kohto ce cnoMeHaBa b e^Ha HeKaHOHHHHa KHHra ot II BeK
(,„ZI,eaHHaTa Ha IlaBeji"), b rjiaBa 3a rpaa, CojiyH, 03arjiaBeHa „IIaBeji h TeKjia";
2. hjih 3a jihhhoto My ycemaHe, ne e Haii-MajiKHaT ot CBeTHnre 3apaan (J)aKra, ne e npecjie^Baji HtpKBaTa
( B ac. IKop. 15:9;E(})ec. 3:8;IThm. 1:15);
3. hjih e HMe, flaaeHO M y 0T po^nrejinre no poac^eHne - kocto Moace 6h e Han-BepoaTHara Bi>3MoacHOCT.
II „cjiyra" NKJV, NRSV, TEV n JB npeBeac^aT TOBa noHaTne „cjiyacnreji". ToBa cbmecTBnrejiHO ce H3noji3Ba
hjih (1) KaTO aHTHTe3a Ha Hcyc KaTO rocnoa; (2) hjih KaTO CTapo3aBeTHa noieTHa THTjia (Bac. Moncen b Hncna
12:7 and He. HaB. 1:1; Hcyc HaBneB b He. HaB. 24:29; hjih ,H,aBH,a b ncajiMHTe (HaKOH 3arjiaBHa) n Hcaa 42: 1,19;
52:13).
III „npH30BaH 3a anocTOJi" ToBapemeHne e Eoacne, a He HeroBO (Bac. fleaHna 9:15; Tan. 1:15; E(J)ec. 3:7). naBeji
npe^CTaBa .ayxoBHara en KBajiH(J)HKanHa n aBTopHTeT (KaKTO ro npaBH n b I Kop. 1:1; II Kop. 1:1; Tan. 1:1;
E(J)ec. 1:1; Koji. 1:1; I Thm. 1:1; Tht 1:1) npe,a Ta3H m>pKBa, c KoaTO rancora He ce e cpeman. Bac. CnEL[HAJIHO
noiMTHE: nPH30BAH ki>m 1:6.
noHaTneTO „anocTOJi" b cpe^nre Ha nanecTHHCKHTe lo^en ot I BeK 03HaiaBa „hobck, ronpaTeH KaTO
ocfmnnajieH npcacTaBnreji" (Bac. II JleT. 17:7-9). B HoBHa 3aBeT to3h TepMHH ce H3noji3Ba c ppe 3HaieHna: (1) 3a
flBaHanceiTe cnennajiHO H36paHH yneHnnH Ha XpncTOC n naBeji; h (2) 3a ^yxoBHa ,aap6a, KoaTO e ,naa,eHa Ha
HtpKBara (Bac. I Kop. 12:28-29; E<J)ec. 4: 1 1).
11
I CnEUHAJlHO noHHTHE: H3nPAII^M (APOSTELLO)
ToBa e pa3npocTpaHeHa rptuica nyMa, 03HaiaBama „H3npamaM" (apostello). IloHHTHeTO ma hhkojiko
6orocjiOBCKH ynoTpeGn.
A. PaBHHHTe ro H3noji3BanH 3a hobck, kohto e ronpareH KaTO oc|DHHHajieH npencTaBHreji Ha hjikoh
BHCinecToam. .ZEieiiiHHaT eKBHBaneHT 6h 6hji „nocjiaHHK" (b>k. II Kop. 5:20).
B. EBaHrejiH5rra lecro npHjiarar Ta3H nyMa kt>m Hcyc, kohto e „H3npaTeH" ot Oreii. B HoaH
nyMara npneivia MecnaHCKO 3ByneHe (b^k. MaT. 10:40; 15:24; Mapic 9:37; Jlyxa 9:48 h oco6eHO
HoaH 4:34; 5:24,30,36,37,38; 6:29,38,39,40,57; 7:29; 8:42; 10:36; 11:42; 17:3,8,18,21,23,25;
20:21). GbHjaTa nyMa ce H3noji3Ba, KoraTO Hcyc H3npama BapBamnre (b>k. HoaH 17:18; 20:21).
C. B HoBHa 3aBeT nyMara ce H3noji3Ba 3a yneHHHHTe:
1. 3a 12-Te h Bi>TpeiHHHaT Kpi>r (b>k. Jlyxa 6: 13; Jlpsmwi 1:21-22)
2. 3a cneHHajraa rpyna BapBaujH, kohto noMaraT Ha anocTOJiHre:
a. BapHaBa (b>k. JJpxmw 14:4,14)
b. Ah^pohhk h IOhhh (b KJV: lOraia; b>k. Phmji. 16:7)
c. Anonoc (b>k. I Kop. 4:6-9)
d. .Hkob, rocnonHHjiT 6paT (b>k. Tan. 1: 19)
e. Cnjia h Thmotch (b»c. I Coji. 2:6)
f. BepoaTHO Tht (b>k. II Kop. 8:23)
g. BepoaTHO Ena(J)poAHT (b>k. cDhji. 2:25)
3. 3a TpafiHa ,aap6a b m>pKBaTa (b»c. I Kop. 12:28-29; E(})ec. 4: 1 1)
D. naBen H3noji3Ba d>mara THTjia 3a ce6e ch b noBeieTO cboh nocjiaHHa KaTO HaiHH na yTBtp^H
aBTopHTeTa, kohto Bor My e flan KaTO npaTeHHK Ha XpncTOC (b>k. Phmji. 1: 1; I Kop. 1:1; II Kop.
l:l;raji. l:l;E(J)ec. 1:1;Koji. 1:1;IThm. 1:1;IIThm. 1:1; Tht 1:1).
H „OTflejieH" TyK nyMara e b nEPOEKTHO nACHBHO IIPIPIACTHE, kocto 03HanaBa, ne toh e 6hji OTnejieH
HacTpaHa ot Eora b MHHanoTO (b^k. EpeM. 1:5 h ran. 1:15) h TOBa npon'bJDKaBa ,aa e HeroBOTO CBCToaHHe.
Bi)3mo>kho e Ta3H nyMa na ce 3anrpaBa c apaMencKOTO ci>mecTBHTejiHO „(J)apHceH". cDapHceHre ca 6hjih xopa,
OT^ejieHH 3a KmeiicKHa jierajras'bM (KaKTO h caMHaT naBen [<I>hji. 3:5] npe,zni cpenjaTa ch c XpncTOC Ha m>Ta 3a
,3,aMacK). Cera o6ane toh e oxaejieH 3a 6jiaraTa bcct.
JlyMara e CBi>p3aHa c eBpencKOTO noHaTHe „CBaT", kocto 03HaiaBa „OTnejieH 3a Eo^cna ynoTpe6a" (bjk.
H3x. 19:6; I neT. 2:5). JfyMwre „CBeTeH", „0CBemaBaM" h „OT,aejieH" HMaT e^HH h cbhj rpi>HKH KopeH - „CBaT"
(hagios).
H „3a 6jiaroBecTHeTO Ha Bora" npeAJiorbT eis b to3h kohtckct (KaKTO h b cthx 5) noKa3Ba npe,ziHa3HaHeHHeTO
HanaBjiOBHa „npH3HB" (ct. 16) h „OTnejiaHe" (ct. 1b).
C^mecTBHTejiHOTO „6jiaroBecTHe" e CbcraBHa nyMa ot npoH3BO,aHHTe „no6'bp" (eu) h „BecT" (angellos). To
ce npeBptma b ochobho noHaTHe, onncBamo npKrpHHHTe, CBi>p3aHH c HoBHa 3aBeT (b^k. EpeM. 31:31-34; E3eK.
36:22-32) h o6emaHHeTO Ha Bora ipe3 H3npaTeHHa Mecna (b>k. ct. 3-4).
BjiaroBecTHeTO e Eocene, a He naBjiOBO (b)k. 15:16; MapK 1:14; II Kop. 11:7; I Coji. 2:2,8,9; I neT. 4:17).
naBen He BtBeacna hobh npencTaBH, hhto ananTHpa KyjiTypHH noHaTHa, a npoBi>3rjiacaBa npneTaTa HCTHHa (b>k.
I Kop. 1:18-25).
1:2 „Toh 6eme o6emaji ompeaH npe3 npopouHTe Ch b cbcthtc IlHcaHHsi" ToBa e aophct cpe/ieh 3AJIOE
(nenoHeHTeH) HH.HHKATHB. EBaHrejineTO He e .apnbjiHeHHe Ki)M Bo^cna njiaH, a e Eocene npenBeiHO,
LtejieHaconeHO HaMepemie (b>k. Eht. 3:15; Hcaa 53; nc. 118; MapK 10:45; JlyKa. 2:22; ,H,eaHHa 2:23; 3:18; 4:28;
Tht 1:2). PamiHTe nponoBenH b J^esmm Ha anocTOJiHTe (T.Hap. kerygma) npencTaBaT Hcyc KaTO ronbjiHeHHe Ha
CTapo3aBeTHHTe o6emaHHa h npopoiecTBa.
12
I CnEUHAJIHO nOHHTHE: KERYGMA b PAHHATA ULPKBA*
1. 06emaHHHTa Ha Bora b CrapHa 3aBeT cera ca H3rn>jiHeHH c naBaHeTO Ha MecHjrra Hcyc
(fleamia 2:30; 3:19,24; 10:43; 26:6-7,22; Phmji. 1:2-4; I Thm. 3:16; E B p. 1:1-2; I rierbp 1:10-
12;Iinerbp 1:18-19).
2. Hcyc e noMa3aH ot Bora icaro Media npn Kpi>meHHeTO ch (Jlpsnmx 10:38).
3. Hcyc 3anoHBa cjiy>KeHHeTO ch b Tajinjiea cne,n cbocto Kpi>meHHe (Jlpsmwi 10:37).
4. Cny>KeHHeTO My ce xapaKTepH3npa c H3BT>pniBaHe Ha flo6pn ,aejia h Ha bcjihkh nyneca c
noMOiiiTa Ha Bora (Mapic 10:45; JJpxmm 2:22; 10:38).
5. Mecna e pa3nbHar cnope,a Btokhcto HaMepeHHe (MapK 10:45; HoaH 3:16; JJpxmm 2:23; 3:13-
15,18; 4:11; 10:39; 26:23; Phmji. 8:34; I Kop. 1:17-18; 15:3; Tsui. 1:4; EBp. 1:3; I neTbp 1:2,19;
3:18; I HoaH 4: 10).
6. Ton e Bi>3KpeceH ot MtpTBHre h ce aBaBa Ha yneHHHHTe (J^esanm 2:24,31-32; 3:15,26; 10:40-
41; 17:31; 26:23; Phmji. 8:34; 10:9; I Kop. 15:4-7,12 h cji.; I Coji. 1:10; I Thm. 3:16; I nerbp
1:2; 3:18,21).
7. Hcyc e H3,aHrHaT ot Bora h My ce ^aBa THTjiaTa „rocno,a (Jlpsnmx 2:25-29,33-36; 3:13; 10:36;
Phmji. 8:34; 10:9; I Thm. 3:16; E B p. 1:3; I neTbp 3:22).
8. Ton flaBa CBeraa /Jyx, 3a m (})opMHpa HOBaTa o6hjhoct na Bora (.ZJeaHHa 1:8; 2:14-18,38-39;
10:44-47; I neTbp 1:12).
9. Ton me floitae othobo, 3a ,aa CbflH h 3a ,aa Bi>3CTaHOBH (JXenmm 3:20-21; 10:42; 17:31; I Kop.
15:20-28; I Coji. 1:10).
10. Bchhkh, kohto nyaT TOBa nocjiaHHe, Tpa6Ba ,aa ce noKaaT h ,aa ce KptCTaT (Jlpsmwi 2:21,38;
3:19; 10:43,47-48; 17:30; 26:20; Phmji. 1:17; 10:9; I neTbp 3:21).
Ta3H cxeMa cjiy>KH icaTO ochobho cbhihoctho npoBi>3rjiacaBaHe Ha Becira Ha paHHaTa HtpKBa, MaKap ie
pa3JiHHHHTe aBTopn b Hobhji 3aBeT noa6Hpar pa3JiHHHH ejieMeHTH ot Hea, Ha kohto ,aa aKHeHrapar b
nponoBeAHTe ch. uajiOTO EBaHrejine Ha MapK HanpHMep ot6jih30 cjie^Ba nozixo^a Ha neTbp ktjM
HOB03aBeTHaTa kerygma. TpanHHHomio ce npneMa, ie MapK e CTpyKTypnpaji nponoBe^HTe Ha neTbp,
nponoBa^BaHH b Phm, ocjDopMaiiKH rn b nncMeHO eBaHrejine. KaKTO Mareii, TaKa h JlyKa no-KbCHO me
cjie^BaT paMKHTe Ha HeroBaTa ocHOBHa cxeMa.
1:3 „3a HeroBHsi Chh" nempajiHOTO nocjiaHHe Ha ,H,o6paTa e jiHHHOCTra Ha Hcyc ot Ha3apeT, HenoponHO
po^eH ot Mapna. B CrapHa 3aBeT ^yMara „chh" ce H3noji3Ba 3a Henna HapoA, 3a uapa h 3a npcacToamna Mecna
(bx. IIU 1 ape7:14;OcHH 11:1; lie. 2:7; MaT. 2:15).
B CTapna 3aBeT Bor roBopn npe3 Cbohtc cjiyrn h npopoipi. Hcyc o6aie He e cjiyra Ha Bora. Ton e HeroB
Chh (b>k. EBp. 1:1-2; 3:6; 5:8; 7:28). HeoGiraaeH e (})aKTbT, ne cahhctbcho TyK b uajiOTO nocjiaHHe ^o
pHMjiaHHTe naBeji oxaejia Macro 3a xpHCTOJiorna. ^Ibho Phmji^hh He e 3aMHCJieHO ,aa hh npcaoeraBa 3aBi>pineHO
CHCTeMaTHHHO 6orocjiOBHe.
| CnEijHAJiHO noHHTHE: EQ2KHAT CHH
ToBa e e^na ot ochobhhtc HOB03aBeTHH thtjih Ha Hcyc. OnpcoejieHO Ta cb^tp^ca 6o>KecTBeHa
KOHOTauiia. B Hea ce BKjnoHBar cjiynaHre, KoraTO Hcyc e HapHiaH „ChhI)t" hjih „MoaT Chh", KaKTO h
MOMeHTHTe, KoraTO Ton ce o6pi>ma kbm CBoa „OTeH". noHaTHeTO ce cpema b HoBHa 3aBeT Haa, 124 m>TH.
flopn KoraTO Hcyc caM onpe^ejia ce6e ch KaTO „HoBeniKH Chh", TOBa naK cb^tp^Ka 6o>KecTBeHa
KOHOTai(Ha, npenpamama KbM J\an. 7:13-14.
B CTapna 3aBeT o6o3HaieHHeTO „chh" ce OTHaca ^o neTHpn BH^a rpynn:
1. ao aHrejiHTe (o6hkhobcho b MH. H.; b>k. Bht. 6:2; Hob 1:6; 2: 1);
2. pp uapa Ha H3panji (b>k. II U,ape 7: 14; nc. 2:7; 89:26-27);
3. #0 uejina H3panjieB Hapo,a (b^k. H3x. 4:22- 23; BTop. 14: 1; Ocna 11:1; Man. 2: 10);
4. #0 cb^HHTe Ha H3panji (b>k. nc. 82:6).
13
Hmchho bt>b BTopaTa ot Te3H ynoTpeGn noH5rraeTO ce OTHaca kim Hcyc. Ilo to3h HaiHH
„/],aBniiOBHaT chh" h „Bo>khht chh" ce CBtpsBaT c II Hape 7 rji. h c IlcajiM 2 h 89. B CTapna 3aBeT
noHHTHeTO „Bo>kh Chh" HHia^e He ce H3noji3Ba KOHKpeTHO 3a Mecna, ocBeH KaTO ecxarojiorHHHHJi Hap,
KaTO e^Ha ot „noMa3aHHTe cjijokGh" Ha H3panji. B ptKonncHTe ot M^ptbo Mope o6ane Ta3H THTjia ce
H3noji3Ba MHoroKpaTHO c MecnaHCKH npenpaTKH (b>k. KOHKpeTHHTe npenpaTKH b Dictionary of Jesus and
the Gospels, erp. 770). Ocbch TOBa jsyMara „Eo>kh Chh" e MecnaHCKa THTjia b Me>K^y3aBeTHHTe ioachckh
anoKanHnTHHHH nncaHHa (b>k. II E3^pa 7:28; 13:32,37,52; 14:9 h I Ehox 105:2).
HoB03aBeTHH3T KOHTeKCT Ha TOBa noHjrrae no OTHOineHHe Ha Hcyc HaH-^o6pe ce o6o6maBa b
hskojiko KaTeropHH:
1. HeroBOTO npe^CbmecTByBaHe (b»c. HoaH 1:1-18);
2. HeroBOTO yHHKanHO paac^aHe ot ,zieBHHa (b>k. MaT. 1:23; Hyica 1:31-35);
3. HeroBOTO KptmeHHe (b»c. MaT. 3:17; MapK 1:11; Jlyna 3:22. EoacHjrr raac ot He6eTO o6e,ziHHaBa
npoponecTBara 3a MecnaTa Hap ot IlcajiOM 2 etc crpaziamHa Mecna ot Hcaa 53 rji.);
4. HeroBOTO H3KyineHHe ot CaraHa (b>k. MaT. 4:1-11; MapK 1:12,13; Hyica 4:1-13; Ton e H3KyineH
,na ce ycbMHH b cbocto chhobctbo hjih noHe ^a nortpcH H3ni>jiHeHHe Ha Hejinre My c flpyrn
cpe^CTBa ocBeH jcptcTa);
5 . HeroBOTO yTBtp^HBaHe ot HenpHBeTjiHBH CBH^eTejra:
a. fleMOHH (b>k. MapK 1:23-25; JlyKa 4:3 1-37; MapK 3:11-12);
b. HeBapBanjH (b>k. MaT. 27:43; MapK 14:61; HoaH 19:7);
6. HeroBOTO yTBtp^aBaHe ot nocjieflOBarejiHTe My:
a. MaTefi 14:33; 16:16;
b. HoaH 1:34,49; 6:69; 11:27;
7. HeroBOTO caMoyTBtp^aBaHe:
a. MaTefi 11:25-27;
b. HoaH 10:36;
8. HeroBOTO o6pi>meHHe kbm Bora KaTO kbm Eama
a. H3noji3BaHeTO Ha „ABBa" 3a Bor Orei*:
1) MapK 14:36;
2) Phmjihhh 8:15;
3) TajiaTaHH 4:6;
b. H3noji3BaHeTO Ha „OTeH" (pater) KaTO BpT>3Ka c TBopeua.
B o6o6meHHe, THTjiaTa „Bo>kh Chh" HMa orpoMHO 6orocjiOBCKO 3HaneHHe 3a OHe3H, kohto no3HaBaT
CTapo3aBeTHHTe o6emaHHa h KaTeropHH. B Hobhji 3aBeT o6ane aBTopnTe H3noji3BaT TOBa noHjrrae
BHHMaTejiHO nopa^H e3HnecKHTe jieremiH 3a „6oacecTBa", kohto ca B3eManH >kchh, 3a ^a hm paac^aT
HaCJieflHHHH „THTaHH" hjih „rHraHTH".
11 „kohto... ce poflH ot noTOMCTBOTO Ha ,3,aBHfl" ToBa ce OTHaca 3a e,aHO npoponecTBO ot II Hape 7 rji. Mecna
e ot uapcKOTO hotomctbo Ha JX^sap, (b^k. Hcaa 9:7; 11:1,10; EpeM. 23:5; 30:9; 33:15), ot njieMeTO Ha lO^a (b^k.
Bht. 49:4-12; Hcaa 65:9). B EBaHrejraeTO Ha MareM noHe h3kojiko m>TH Hcyc e HapiraaH c Ta3H (b>k. 9:27;
12:23; 15:22; 20:30), H3pa3aBama Hafle^aTa cpe,a Kmenre 3a H^BaHeTO Ha H36aBHreji.
H3HeHaABamo e, ne naBeji He Ha6jiara oco6eHO Ha to3h acneKT ot jiHHHOCTTa Ha Hcyc. Ton ro HHTnpa caMO
TyK h bt>b II Thm. 2:8, KaTO h Ha ^BeTe MecTa e b^smtokho TOBa ^a ca HHrara ot HaKaKBH paHHH (J)opMyjiHpoBKH
Ha utpKOBHO Bepyio.
u
NASB, NKJV, NRSV „po fl eH no njitx"
TEV „no HoeeuiKaTa en CTpaHa"
JB „cnopea HOBeuiKaTa en npnpoaa"
ToBa e H3m>jiHeHHe Ha npoponecTBO h noTBtp^eHHe Ha HOBeniKara npnpozia Ha Hcyc, kohto necTO e Gnjia
ocnopBaHa b hjikoh eKjieKTHHHH hi>pkobhh cpe^n npe3 I b (b)k. I HoaH 1:1-4; 4: 1-3). To3h cthx scho nocoHBa, ne
14
riaBeji HeBHHarH H3noji3Ba ^yMara „njn>T" (sarx) c HeraraBHO 3HaneHHe (b>k. 2:28; 9:3). 06ane ^eiicTBHTejiHO b
noBeneTO cjiynan IlaBeji ci>nocTaBa „njn>TTa" c „flyxa" (b>k. 6:19; 7:5,18,25; 8:3-9,12,13; I Kop. 5:5; II Kop.
1:17; 11:18; Ian. 3:3; 5:13,16,17-19,24; 6:8; E<})ec. 2:3; Koji. 2:11,13,18,23).
rpaMaraHecKara KOHCTpyKnna kata (cnope^) njiioc AKY3ATHB e napanejiHa c 4 cthx. Hcyc e KaKTO hobck
(cnope,a njitrra, 3 ct.), Taica h Bor (cnope,a Ayx^ 4 ct.). Ta3H ^OKipHHa 3a Bi>njn>meHHeTO e H3KjnoHHTejiHO
Ba>KHa (b^k. I HoaH 4:1-3). Bi>3mo}kho e Tyic ^a ce HaMeKBa h 3a THTjiara, kohto caMHHT Hcyc Haii-HecTO
H3noji3Ba 3a ce6e ch - „HoBeuiKH Chh" (b>k. lie. 8:4; E3eic. 2: 1 [hobck] and flaH. 7: 13 [Bor]).
| CnEijHAJiHO noHHTHE: njILT (SARX)
IloHHTHeTO ce oraaca ^o HOBeniKaTa Mt^pocT hjih cbctckhtc CTainiapTH (b>k. I Kop. 1:20; 2:6,8;
3:18). B CBOHTe nocnaHHa IlaBeji H3noji3Ba noHjrraeTO „njri>T" (t.c sarx) c hjikojiko 3HaneHHa.
1. 3aHOBeuiKOTO Tajio (b>k. Phmji. 2:28; I Kop. 5:5; 7:28)
2. 3a HOBeiiiKHa npoH3xo,a (t.c 6ama-CHH, b>k. Phmji. 1:3; 4:1; I Cor.l0:18)
3. 3a ujijioto HOBenecTBO (b>k. I Kop. 1 : 26,29)
4. 3a HOBeniKaTa cjia6ocT 3apami rpexonaflemieTO b Bht. 3 (b>k. Phmji. 6: 19; 7:18)
1:4 „o6siBeH" ToBa e CTPA^ATEJIHO nPHHACTHE B AOPHCT. Bor KaTeropHHHO e noconnji, ne Hcyc e „Eo>KHaT
Chh". ToBa He 03HanaBa, ne HananoTO Ha Hcyc e 6hjio bi>b BnTjieeM, hhto ne Toil e no-HHcm ot Oreii. Bac.
CnEUHAJiHO noroiTHE: TPOHU.A kbm 8:11.
H „KaTO Eojkh Chh" Abtophtc Ha Hobhs 3aBeT pa^KO nocoHBaT Hcyc KaTO „Bo>kh Chh" (b>k. MaT. 4:3) 3apa^H
(JDanniHBHTe npe^CTaBH, HanoaceHH no OHOBa BpeMe ot rpi>nKaTa MHTOJioraa (cbinpTO ce oraaca h 3a
HenopoHHOTO My 3anaTHe h paac^aHe). noHaTHeTO o6hkhobcho ce onpeflejia KaTO „yHHKajieH, HenoBTopHM"
(monogenes) (b^k. HoaH 1:18; 3:16,18; I HoaH 4:9). CneflOBarejiHO 3HaneHHeTO Ha to3h cthx e: „Hcyc,
e^HHCTBeHHaT HCTHHeH Chh Ha Bora".
HoBira 3aBeT no^nepTaBa ,aBe 6orocjiOBCKH hcthhh no OTHomeHne Ha Bpi)3KaTa Meac^y Bor OTen h Bor
Chh: (1) T e capaBHH (bk. HoaH 1:1; 5:18; 10:30; 14:9; 20:28; II Kop. 4:4; <Dhji. 2:6; Koji. 1:15; Esp. 1:3); (2) tb
ca OT^ejiHH jihhhocth (b^k. MapK 10:18; 14:36; 15:34).
H „npe3 Bi>3KpeceHHeTo" Bor Otcli noTBtp^aBa ^KHBOTa h nocjiaHneTO Ha Hcyc, KaTO ro Bi>3KpecaBa ot (b>k.
4:24; 6:4,9; 8:11). BoKecTBeHOCira (b»c. HoaH 1:1-14; Koji. 1:15-19; <J>hji. 2:6-11) h Bi>3KpeceHHeTO (b)k. 4:25; I
Kop. 15) Ha Hcyc ca flBaTa CTbji6a Ha xpHCTHaHCKara Bapa.
11 To3h cthx necTO ce H3noji3Ba, 3a j\& 3amHTaBa epecTa Ha „a,zionnHaHCTBOTo", cnope^ KoaTO Hcyc e 6hji
Bi>3HarpaiieH h H3AHraaT ot Bora 3apa^H npHMepmia ch >khbot Ha nocjiymaHne. EperanHTe TBtp^aT, ne
(oHTOJiorHnecKn) Ton HeBHHarn e 6hji Bor, a no-CKopo e CTaHaji Bor, KoraTO Bor ro e Bi)3KpecHji ot m^ptbhtc
MaKap ne ohcbh^ho TOBa TBtp^emie e hchcthhho (kocto ce noTBtp^aBa ot MHoacecTBO tckctobc KaTO HoaH 1
h 17 rji.), npn Bi>3KpeceHHeTO Hcyc nojiynaBa Hemo nyzjecHO. Tpy^HO e ^a H3pa3HM KaK tohho GoacecTBeHOCira
MO>Ke p,a 6"bp,e Harpa^eHa, ho TaM ce cjiynBa tbkmo TOBa. Bi>npeKH ne Hcyc cno^ejia c OTen npeflBenHara cjiaBa,
HeroBnaT CTaTyT HaKaK ch ce o6oraTaBa npe3 CBBtpmeHOTO H3ni>jiHeHHe Ha H3KynHrejiHara 3a^ana.
Bi>3KpeceHHeTO e cpe^CTBOTO, npe3 kocto OTen yTBtp^aBa ^KHBOTa, npnMepa, noyneffiiaTa h )KepTBeHara
CMtpT Ha Hcyc ot Ha3apeT - bchho 6o>KecTBeH, Ham>jiHO hobck, CBBtpmeH cnacHTeji, Bi>3KpeceH h Bi>3CTaHOBeH,
HenoBTopHM Bo>kh Chh! B>k. npHjioaceHne III, A^onnnaHCTBO.
u
NASB, NKJV „cnopea ,3,y xa Ha cesiTOCTTa"
NKJV „no ayx Ha cbsitoct"
TEV „cnopea 6o5KecTBeHaTa My cbsitoct"
15
JB „nocpeflCTBOM ayxa, ayxa Ha cbhtoct"
Hhkoh npeBO^H nocTaBaT raaBHa 6yKBa Ha ^yMara ,,/Jyx", nocoHBaiiKH kt>m Cbcthji Jfyx. Jipym ronncBaT
TOBa cbmecTBHTejiHO c MajiKO „fl", OTHacaiiKH ro KbM flyxa Ha Hcyc. Ci>mo KaKTO Bor Otcli; e ^yx, Taxa h Hcyc e
jiyx. /IpeBHHTe eBpeiicKH h rptuKH tckctobc He ca H3noji3BajiH MajiKH h rjiaBHH 6yKBH, hhto nyHKTyaipra, hhto
pa3flejieHHe Ha rjiaBH h cthxobc CjieflOBarejiHO TOBa e peine mie Ha npeBOflana ci>o6pa3HO c HeroBara Tpa^Huna
h HHTepnpeTaTopcKH nonxoa.
CTHxoBe 3 h 4 MoraT ^a ce pa3rjie>K^aT no Tpn HanHHa:
1 . KaTO CBH^eTejiCTBO 3a ^BOHCTBeHaTa npnpcma Ha Hcyc - h hobck, h Bor;
2. KaTO CBH^eTejiCTBO 3a flBa eTana b 3eMHHa My >khbot - KaTO hobck h Karo BT>3KpeceH rbcnoa;
3 . KaTO napanejiHa CTpyKTypa Ha H3pa3a „Hcyc XpncTOC Ham Tocnofl".
H „Hcyc" ApaMeficKOTO hmc Hcyc e ci>mpTO KaTO TOBa Ha flpeBHHH eBpeiicKH npe^BOflHTeji Hcyc Hcteuee. To e
CbCTaBeHO ot flBe eBpencKH AyMH: „YHWH" h „cnaceHHe". Mo>Ke ^a 03HanaBa „YHWH cnacaBa" hjih „YHWH
H36aBa", hjih „YHWH e cnaceHHe". H3bopt>t Ha 3HaneHHeTO mo>kc ^a ce buzjh b MaT. 1:21,25.
H „Xphctoc" ToBa HMe e rptHicH npeBoa na eBpeiicKaTa ^yMa Mecun, 03HanaBama „noMa3aHHKi>T". B CTapna
3aBeT HaKOJiKO rpynn BO^aHH (npopouH, CBememmH h uape) ca 6hjih noMa3BaHH KaTO 3HaK, ne ca H36paHH ot
Bora h cjiy>KaT Ha Hero. Hcyc H3m>jiHJiBa BCJoca ot Te3H Tpn (b>k. EBp. 1:2-3).
CTapna 3aBeT npe^CKa3Ba, ne Bor me ronpara cneuHajieH „noMa3aHHK", kohto me cjiy^cn b HOB03aBeTHaTa
enoxa Ha npaB^aTa. Hcyc 3aeMa hmchho Ta3H oco6eHa pojia Ha „cjiy>KHTeji", „chh" h „MecHa".
H „rocnofl" B KmaroMa 3aBeTHOTO HMe Ha Bora (YHWH) ce e BT>3npHeMajio c TaKOBa CTpaxonoHHraHHe, ne
paBHHHTe ca ro 3aMecTBanH c THTjiaTa „rocno,a" (Adon) npn bcckh npoHHT Ha GhGjichckh tckct, noHe^ce ca ce
6oajiH p,a He npoH3HecaT Btokhcto HMe Hanpa3HO (b>k. H3x. 20:7; BTop. 5:11) h TaKa p,a Hapymar e^na ot
fleceTTe 3anoBe,ziH. KoraTO HOB03aBeTHHTe aBTopn HapHnar Hcyc „rocno,a" (Kurios) b 6orocjiOBCKH kohtckct,
Te bcbhihoct noTBtp^K^aBaT HeroBaTa 6o)KecTBeHOCT (b>k. Jlpsmwi 2:36; Phmji. 10:9-13; <J>hji. 2:6-1 1).
| CnEljHAJlHO noHflTHE: HMEHA HA EOrA
A. El
1 . OpHrHHajiHOTO 3HaneHHe Ha TOBa o6mo ^peBHO noHjrrae 3a 6or e HecnrypHO, MaKap ne
MH03HHa H3CJieflOBaTejiH CMaTaT, ne H,ziBa ot aKa^HHCKHa KopeH Ha AyMara „^a 6T>p,a cnjieH"
hjih „^a Gt^a MonjeH" (b:»c. Bht. 17:1; Hncjia23:19; BTop. 7:21; nc. 50:1).
2. B xaHaaHCKHa naHTeoH Haii-BHCiHHaT 6or e El (b>k. TeKCTOBeTe Rets Shctmra).
3. B EnGjiKJira El o6hkhobcho ce CbneTaBa c flpyrn noHjrraa. Te Ha cboh pe,a ce
npeBptmaT b xapaKTepncTHKH Ha Bora.
a. El-Elyon OceBHiiieH Eor") - Bht. 14: 18-22; BTop. 32:8; Hcaa 14: 14.
b. El-Roi („BH>Kflam Eor", „pa3KpHBam ce Eor") - Bht. 16: 13.
c. El-Shaddai („Eor BceMorbmn", „Bor Ha CbCTpa^aHHeTo" hjih „Eor Ha
njiaHHHaTa") - Bht. 17:1; 35:11; 43:14; 49:25; Hsx. 6:3.
d. El-Olam („BeHHHjrr Eor") - Bht. 21:33. ToBa noHjrrae ce CBT>p3Ba 6orocjiOBCKH c
EoacneTO o6emaHHe Ha J\^sap, (b>k. II Hape 7: 13,16).
e. El-Berit („Bor Ha 3aBeTa") - Ci>ahh 9:46.
4. El ce npHpaBHaBa c:
a. YHWHbUc. 85:8; Hcaa 42:5.
b. Elohim b Eht. 46:3; Hob 5:8, „A3 ci>m El, Elohim Ha 6ama th."
c. Shaddai b Eht. 49:25.
d. „peBHOCT" b H3x. 34:14; BTop. 4:24; 5:9; 6:15.
e. „mhjioct" bt>b BTop. 4:31; HeeM. 9:31.
f. „BepeH" bt>b BTop. 7:9; 32:4.
g. „BejiHK h CTpameH" bib BTop. 7:21; 10:17; HeeM. 1:5; 9:32; ,3,aH. 9:4
16
h. „3HaHHe" b I nape 2:3.
i. „chjihoto mh npH6eacHme" b^b II U,ape 22:33.
j. „OTM , bCTHTejiaT mh" bt>b II nape 22:48.
j . „CB5rra5rr" b Hcaa 5:16.
1. „Mom" b Hcaa 10:21.
m. „cnaceHHeTO mh" b Hcaa 12:2.
n. „BejiHK h MomeH" b EpeM. 32: 18.
o. „B'b3AaaHHe" b EpeM. 51:56.
5. CbneTaHHe MOK^y ochobhhtc CTapo3aBeTHH HMeHa Ha Bora cnope^ Hcyc HaBHeB
22:22 (El, Elohim, YHWH, noBTopeHo).
B. Elyon
1. Ochobhoto My 3HaneHHe e „bhcok, „H3AHrHaT", „H3BHceH" (b>k. Eht. 40:17; III nape
9:8;IVUape 18:17; HeeM. 3:25; EpeM. 20:2; 36:10; lie. 18:13).
2. H3noji3Ba ce c napanejiHO 3HaneHHe 3a flpyrn HMeHa Ha Eora:
a. Elohim -Uc. 47: 1-2; 73:11; 107:11.
b. YHWH- Eht. 14:22; II U,ape 22: 14.
c. El-Shaddai-Uc. 91:1,9.
d. £/-HHCJia24:16.
e. Elah - necTO ce cpenja b .ZJaHanji 2-6 rji. h b E3^pa 4-7 ni., b CbneTaHHe c flyMaTa
illair (ot apaM. „BceBHineH Eor") b flaH. 3:26; 4:2; 5: 18,21.
3. HecTO ce H3noji3Ba ot xopa, kohto He ca H3paHjrraHH.
a. MejixHce^eK, Eht. 14:18-22.
b . BanaaM, Hncjia 24:16.
c. MoHcefi, KoraTO roBopn 3a Hapo^Hre, BTop. 32:8.
d. EBaHrejineTO Ha Jlyxa b Hobhji 3aBeT, nncaHO ,ao e3HHHHHHTe, necTO H3noji3Ba
rp^HKHa eKBHBaneHT hupsistos (b>k. 1:32,35,76; 6:35; 8:28; J\qayoia 7:48; 16:17).
C. Elohim (mh.h.), Eloah (e,a.H.), H3noji3BaHH npe^HMHO b noe3Ha.
1 . flyMaTa He ce cpenja innate h3bt>h OrapHa 3aBeT.
2. Ta3H flyMa MO>Ke j\a. o6o3HanaBa Eora Ha H3paHn hjih 6oroBeTe Ha e3HHHHHHre (b>k.
H3x. 12: 12; 20:3). CeMencTBOTO Ha ABpaM cjie^Ba nojiHreH3'bM (b>k. He. HaB. 24:2).
3. H3noji3Ba ce 3a eBpencKH cb^hh (b>k. H3x. 21:6; lie. 82:6).
4. .IE/Mara elohim ce H3noji3Ba h 3a flpyrn ^yxoBHH ctmecTBa - aHrejin h ^eMOHH (b>k.
BTop. 32:8 (LXX); lie. 8:5; Hob 1:6; 38:7). Mo>Ke ,aa ce OTHaca h 3a xopa cbahh (b>k.
H3x. 21:6; nc. 82:6).
5. B EnGjiHHTa TOBa e m>pBaTa flyMa, c kohto e HapeneH Eor (b>k. Eht. 1:1). H3noji3Ba ce
naK j\o Eht. 2:4, Kb,aeTO e CbneTaHa c YHWH. B ochobhh jihhhh 6orocjiOBCKH ts ce
OTHaca 3a Eora, kohto Cb3,naBa, nozwbp^Ka h noflxpaHBa Henna >khbot Ha 3eMaTa (b>k.
nc. 104).
JfyMara e chhohhm Ha El (b^k. BTop. 32:15-19). Mo>Ke ,aa 6T>,ae h napanejiHa Ha YHWH
KaKTO b nc. 14 (elohim), kohto e a6cojiiOTHO aHanorHHeH c nc. 52 (YHWH), ocBeH b
npoMHHaTa Ha TOBa hmc
6. MaKap ne ci>mecTBHTejiHOTO e b mh. h (h BT>npeKH ne noHaKora ce H3noji3Ba 3a flpyrn
6o>KecTBa), to necTO o6o3HanaBa hmchho Eora Ha H3panji, KaTO o6HKHOBeHO e
cjie^BaHO ot rjiaroji b e,a. h., kohto noanepTaBa MOHOTeHCTHHHara My ynoTpe6a.
7. Ta3H cyMa ce ynoTpe6aBa ot HeH3paHjrraHH KaTO o6o3HaneHHe Ha e,aHHHa Eor:
a. ot MejixHce^eK, Eht. 14: 18-22.
b. ot BanaaM, Hncjia 24:2.
c. ot MoHcefi, KoraTO roBopn 3a Hapo,aHTe, BTop. 32:8.
8. CTpaHHO e, ne HaH-pa3npocTpaHeHOTO HMe Ha MOHOTeHCTHHHHa Eor e ^yMa b mh. h.!
Eto HaKOJiKO bt>3mo>khh oGacHemia:
a. B eBpencKHa e3HK MHO>KecTBeHOTO hhcjio necTO ce H3noji3Ba 3a noanepTaBaHe Ha
aKijeHT. Ejih3ko CBT>p3aHa e no-KbCHaTa eBpencKa e3HKOBa ynoTpe6a, no3Hara hh KaTO
17
„L(apCTBeHO MH. H. , Kb,HeTO MHTOKeCTBCHOTO HHCJIO Ce H3nOJI3Ba, 3a J\& nO^CHJIH
AaAeHO noHjrrae.
b. B Ta3H flyMa MO)Ke p,a ce HaMeKBa 3a aHrejiCKHa cbbct, cpe^ kohto Bor B3eMa
penieHHjrra ch Ha He6eTO (b»c. Ill Uape 22: 19-23; Hob 1:6; lie. 82: 1; 89:5,7).
c. Bi)3mo>kho e ci>mo Taxa ^yMara ^a OTpa3aBa HOB03aBeTHOTO OTKpoBeHHe, ne Bor e
e^HH, ho b Tpn jihhhocth. Cnope,a Eirrae 1:1 Bor d>TBopaBa; cnope^ 1:2 Jfyxwr ce
hoch; a cnope^ H3 Hcyc e to3h, npe3 KoroTO Otcli tboph (b»c. HoaH 1:3,10; Phmji.
11:36; I Kop. 8:6; Koji. 1:15; E B p. 1:2; 2:10).
D. YHWH
1. ToBa e cbmoTO HMe, kocto xapaKTepH3Hpa Bora, kohto npaBH 3aBeT c Hac - Eon>T,
kohto e cnacHTen h H3KynHreji! XopaTa MoraT ^a HapyinaBaT 3aBeTHre, ho Bor e BepeH Ha
Cbohtc AyMH, o6emaHHa, 3aBeTH (b>k. Psalm 103).
HMeTO ce cnoMeHaBa Haii-Hanpe,a b cbieTaHHe c Elohim b Bht. 2:4. JI^qtq hctophh b
BnTHe 1-2 rjiaBH He ca ,aBe onncaHHa Ha CtTBopeHneTO, a no-CKopo ,aBa pa3JiHHHH aKHeHra:
(1) Bor KaTO TBopei; Ha (<J)H3HHecKaTa) BcejieHa; h (2) Bor Karo cneHHajimiaT aBTop Ha
HOBeniKHTe cbmecTBa. BnTHe 2:4 3anoiBa cneuHajiHOTO OTKpoBeHHe 3a npHBHjierHpoBaHaTa
no3Hi(Ha h Hen Ha HOBenecTBOTO, KaKTO h 3a npo6jieMa c rpexa h 6yHTa, npoH3TeKjiH ot
Ta3H n03HHHJI.
2. B Bhthc 4:26 ce Ka3Ba, ne „xopama 3anoHHaxa ^a npH30BaBaT HMeTO Ha Tocno^A"
(YHWH). Ot .npyra CTpaHa, Ebxoa 6:3 noKa3Ba, ne paHHHTe 3aBeTHH jiKme (naTpnapcHTe h
TexHHTe ceMeficTBa) ca no3HaBanH Bora caMO KaTO El-Shaddai. HMeTO YHWH ce noacroiBa
caMO Be^Htac b H3x. 3:13-16, h no-KOHKpeTHO b cthx 14. 06ane nncaHHaTa Ha MoHcefi
necTO TbjiKyBar flyMHTe npe3 nonyjiapHH cjiobcchh cbneTaHHa, a He npe3 eTHMOJiornaTa hm
(b>k. Bht. 17:5; 27:36; 29: 13-35). ObmecTByBaT hhkojiko TeopHH 3a 3HaneHHeTO Ha TOBa HMe
(bs. IDB, vol. 2, CTp. 409-1 1).
a. ot apa6cKH KopeH „noKa3BaM peBHOCTHa jiio6ob"
b. ot apa6cKH KopeH ,„ziyxaM" (YHWH KaTO 6ypeH Bor)
c. ot yrapHTCKH (xaHaaHCKn) KopeH „roBopa"
d. ot (Jdhhhkhhckh Ha^nHC - KAY3ATHBHO npiriACTHE, o3HanaBamo „noAfli>p>Kam" HJIH
„ycTaHOBaBam"
e. ot eBpencKaTa Qal (|)opMa, kohto 03HanaBa „cbmecTByBamH5rr" hjih „npHCi>CTBamHaT"
(b 6i>,a. Bp., „npeACToamHaT")
f. ot eBpencKaTa Hiphil (})opMa „npHHHHaBamHjrr"
g. ot eBpencKHa KopeH „>KHBea" (Hanp. Bht. 3:20), etc 3HaneHHe Ha „BeiHO hjih
e^HHCTBeHO acHBeem"
h. ot KOHTeKCTa Ha H3x. 3:13-16 - nrpa Ha HEIIEPOEKTHA (J)opMa, H3noji3BaHa b
iiepoektho 3HaneHHe: „me npo,zrbjDKa ,na 6i>,na KaKbBTO 6ax" hjih „me npo,zi'i>jDKa j\a.
6i>Aa KaKtBTO BHHarn cbm 6hji" (b>k. J. Wash Watts, A Survey of Syntax in the Old
Testament, CTp. 67
IlbjiHOTO HMe YHWH necTO ce H3pa3aBa ci>c CbRpamemie hjih npe3 HaKaKBa
ntpBOHanajiHa (J)opMa:
(1) Yah (Hanp. nocjie^HaTa cpnnKa b „ajiHjiyfl")
(2) Yahu (names, Hanp. „Hcaa")
(3) Yo (names, Hanp. „Hohji")
3. B no-KbCHHa KmarotM TOBa 3aBeTHO HMe ce Bi)3npHeMa KaTO TOJiKOBa cbjito (HapiraaHO
tetragrammaton), ne Kmenre ce 6oajra flopn ^a ro npoH3HacflT, 3a ,na He 6h cjiynaiiHO j\a.
HapymaT 3anoBe^Ta ot Pl3x. 20:7; BTop. 5:11; 6:13. 3aTOBa Te 3aMeH5ura ^yMara c
eBpeiicKHa eKBHBaneHT Ha HaKoe ot cjie^HHTe ci>mecTBHTejiHH: „co6cTBeHHK", „rocno,ziap",
„ci>npyr" hjih „rocnofl" (adon hjih adonai, moh rocnoa). KoraTO npn npoiHT Ha
CTapo3aBeTeH tckct ^ocTHrajin ,ao ^yMara YHWH, Te a nporoHacajra „rocno,a "■ Eto 3amo b
H3K0H CBBpeMeHHH npeBoan Ha BnGjinaTa YHWH ce H3nHCBa c rjiaBHH 6yKBH.
4. Cbmo KaKTO c El, b MHoro cjiynan YHWH ce ctneTaBa c .npyrn noHaraa, 3a p,a. no^HepTaBa
onpe^ejieHH xapaicrepHCTHKH Ha 3aBeTHHa Bor Ha H3panji. Eto hhkoh bI)3mo>khh
cbneTaHHa:
a. YHWH- Yireh {YHWH me CHa6,zm), Bht. 22: 14
b . YHWH - Rophekha {YHWH tboh H3n,e jihtcji), Hsx. 1 5 : 26
c. YHWH- Nissi {YHWH e Moe 3HaMe), Hbx. 17: 15
d. YHWH - Meqaddishkem {YHWH T e ocBemaBa), Hsx. 31:13
e . YHWH - Shalom {YHWH e Mnp), ObflHH 6 : 24
f. 7#W77 - Sabbaoth {YHWH Ha BOHHCTBara), I Hape 1:3,11; 4:4; 15:2; Hecro h b
npoponnTe)
g. YHWH- Ro 1 {YHWH e moh nacrap), nc. 23: 1
h. YHWH- Sidqenu {YHWH e Hama npaB^a), EpeM. 23:6
i. YHWH- Shammah {YHWH e Ty K ), EseK. 48:35
1:5 „HHe" IlaBeji He cnoMeHaBa HHHHe flpyro HMe b yBO^a Ha TOBa BtBe^eHHe, KaKTO necTO npaBH b ^pyrnre ch
nocjiaffira. Ta3H m>pBa (J)pa3a ce oraaca 3a o6pi>meHHeTO Ha IlaBeji no m>Ta 3a ,3,aMacK h Ha3HanaBaHeTO My KaTO
anocTOJi (b>k. J^enmm 9 rji.) - orraM h H36opT>T Ha MHO^cecTBeHO hhcjio b TOBa MecTOHMeHHe.
H „npHexivie 6jiaroaaT h anocTOJiCTBo" IlaBeji yTBtpac^aBa He caMO flapa ch Ha cnaceHHe npe3 XpHcroc, a h
CBT)p3aHHa c Hero npn3HB ^a Gt^e anocTOJi cpe,a e3HHHHnnTe. Bchhko TOBa ce cnyHBa e^HOBpeMeHHO Ha m>Ta 3a
,3,aMacK (b^k. J^enmm 9). To He e HeroBa 3acjiyra, a Btnpoc Ha Etokhji Gjiaroflar!
11 „aa npHBeJKflaivie" ToBa e BTopara ynoTpe6a Ha eis b kohtckct 3a npe,aHa3HaHeHHe (b>k. ct. 1). EjiaroBecraeTO
BT>3CTaHOBaBa o6pa3a Ha Eora npe,a HOBeica nocpe^CTBOM Bapa b Hcyc. Taica ntpBOHanajiHOTO HaMepeHHe Ha
Eora ce H3m>jiHaBa - xopaTa ^a OTpa3aBar HeroBHa xapaicrep (b>k. ct. 7).
H
NASB, JB „nocjiyuiaHHeTO Ha esipaTa"
NKJV „3a nocjiyuiaHHe kbm esipaTa"
NRSV „aa flOBeae ao nocjiyuiaHHe icbm BsipaTa"
TEV „aa noBsipBaT h #a ce noKopsiBaT"
ToBa e m>pBara ynoTpe6a Ha KjiiOHOBaTa pyma. „Bapa" b Phmji3hh. B HacToamara rjiaBa - h b KHHrara -
flyMaTa ce H3noji3Ba no Tpn pa3JiHHHH HanHHa:
1. Cthx 5. H3noji3Ba ce 3a hctkhhtc h ^OKTpHHHTe, CBtpsaHH c Hcyc h ^KHBOTa Ha xpncTHaHHHa (b)k.
flea H Ha6:7; 13:8; 14:22; 16:5; Phmji. 14:1; 16:26; Tan. 1:23; 6:10; K)«a 3,20 ct.)
2. Cthx 8. H3noji3Ba ce b CMHCbJia Ha jihhho flOBepne b Hcyc. JfymwiQ „Bapa" h „^OBepHe" n^Bar ot
e^no h cbmo rptuKO noHjrrae {pistis/pisteuo). .ZJoGpara BecT e rcarcro KOHnemyajiHa (^oicrpHHa), Taica h
jiHHHOCTHa (Bac. ct. 16; HoaH 1:12; 3:16).
3. Cthx 17. H3noji3Ba ce b CTapo3aBeTHHa cmhct>ji Ha BapHoer, jioajiHoer, npaB^HBOCT. TaKOBa e
3HaneHHeTO b ABaicyM 2:4. B CTapna 3aBeT He e HMano pa3pa6oTeHa floicrpHHa 3a Bapara, a no-CKopo
npniviep 3a acHBOTa Ha Bapa (b>k. ABpaaM b Eht. 15:6); He CBBtpnieHa Bapa, a 6op6eHa Bapa (b>k. EBpen
11 rji.). Hazie^aTa Ha HOBenecTBOTO ce icpne He b HaniaTa cnoco6HOCT p,a BapBaMe npaBHjiHO, a b
Eoacna xapaKTep. E^HHCTBeHO Eor e BepeH!
Hivia nope^niia ^encTBna, kohto BjiroaT b cbGnraeTO Ha cnaceHneTo:
a. noKaaHne (b>k. 2:4; MapK 1:15; Jlyna 13:3,5; fleamia 3:16,19; 20:21)
b. Bapa (b>k. 1:16; HoaH 1:12; 3:16; Jlpsmmi 16:31; TyK KptmeHHeTO e n^6jiHHHaTa ^eKjiapaiiHa 3a
TaicaBa Bapa)
c. nocjiyuiaHHe (b>k. 2:13; II Kop. 9:13; 10:5; I neT. 1:2,22)
d. YcToaBaHe (bk. 2:7; Jlyxa. 18:1; II Kop. 4:1,16; Eaji. 6:9; II Coji. 3:13).
19
TaKHBa ca ycjiOBHjrra Ha Hobhh 3aBeT. Tpa6Ba p,a npneMeM h j\a npon'b.rDKHM j\a npneMaMe Eo}KHeTO
npe^JicoKeHHe b Xphctoc (b>k. ct. 16; HoaH 1:12).
NASB, NRSV „3apaflH HeroeoTO Hiwe"
NKJV „3a HeroeoTO HMe"
TEV „3apaflH Xphctoc"
NJB „3a necTTa Ha hmcto My"
B>k. CrrnqHAJiHO noroiTHE io>m 10:9.
NASB, NRSV «cpea bchhkh c3hhhhhh"
NKJV „H3cpea bchhkh HapoflH"
TEV „xopaTa ot bchhkh Hapoan"
JB „Ha BCHHKH e3HHeCKH HapoflH"
BjiaroBecTHeTO e yHHBepcajiHO. EoacHeTO o6emaHHe 3a roicynjieHHe b Ehthc 3:15 BKjiiOHBa uajioro
HOBenecTBO. 3aMecTHHHecKara cmt>pt Ha Xphctoc Ha KptcTa BKjiiOHBa bchhkh naaHajin A,aaMOBH naaa (b>k.
HoaH 3:16; 4:42; E(J)ec. 2:11-3:13; I Thm. 2:4; 4:10; Tht 2:11; II IleT. 3:9). IlaBeji BH>K£a cneuHariHOTO ch
npH3BaHne b TOBa, j\a nponoBa^Ba 6jiaraTa bcct Ha e3HHHHHHTe (b>k. Jlpsmwi 9:15; 22:21; 26:17; Phmji. 11:13;
15:16; Tan. 1:16; 2:29; E<})ec. 3:2,8; I Thm. 2:7; II Thm. 4: 17).
| CnEUHAJlHO noHHTHE: EBAHrEJICKHTE BB3rjIE^H HA ABTOPA
Tyn ce nanaza da npuman na Humame.w, ne umcim uieecmnu npucmpacmun Kamo aemop.
CucmeMCimmHomo mu 6ozocnoeue m e uumo KaneuHUcmKO, mimo ducneHcaijuouajiucmuHHO. To ce
ocHoeaea nau-eene na Be.nuKomo nopwenue. BapeciM, ne Eos e umuji npedeeneu nnan 3a wiKynnenuemo
na unjiomo Hoeenecmeo (e:)w. nanp. Bum. 3:15; 12:3; Hix. 19:5-6; EpeM. 31:31-34; E3eK. 18; 36:22-39;
JleHHUH 2:23; 3:18; 4:28; 13:29; Pumji. 3:9-18,19-20,21-32) - m.e. na gcuhku onem, Koumo ca 6wiu
c-bmeopenu no Hesoe o6pa3 u nododue (e:nc. Bum. 1:26-27). 3aeemume ce odeduuHeam e Xpucmoc (e:nc.
ran. 3:28-29; Ko.n. 3:11). Hcyc e Eo:ncuHma maima, CKpuma npe3 eeKoeeme, ho ceza pa3Kpuma (e:nc.
Ecpec. 2:11-3:13)!
To3u e-b3zned oueemaea gcuhku mou uumepnpemauuu Ha Elucanuemo (e:nc. nanp. Houa). EIpe3 me3u
OHU.ua npoHumaM eceKU edun meKcml EIpu3HaeaM, He mo3u &b3zned e npedeapumenna naKJiOHHOcm
(enponeM eceKU uumepripemamop cu ujvia maxaea), ho ct>m ydeden, ne ce ocHoeaea na Elucauuemo.
1:6 „Bne ci>mo" naBen e icpaeH npnMep (roHHTen Ha HtpicBaTa) 3a Gjiaroflarra Ha Bora, ana HeroBHTe
HHTaTejiH ci>mo ca npnMep 3a He3acjiy>KeHaTa h 6e3npe,ziejiHa Eo>khji Gjiaro^aT.
H
NASB, NKJV „npH3BaHHTe ot Hcyc Xphctoc"
NRSV „kohto CTe npH30BaHH aa npHHafljieacHTe Ha Hcyc Xphctoc"
TEV „kohto Eor e npH30Baji aa npHHafljieJKHTe Ha Hcyc Xphctoc"
JB „no HeroB npii3HB npHHafljieJKHre Ha Hcyc Xphctoc"
Ta3H (J>pa3a Moace ,aa 6-bRe:
1 . nrpa c flyMara „irbpKBa", kohto 03HanaBa „npH30BaHHTe" hjih „cb6paHHTe";
2. HaMeK 3a Boacne npn3BaHHe (b*c. Phmji. 8:29-30; 9:1 hcji.; E(})ec. 1:4,11; 3:21; 4:1,4);
3. cnopefl npeBoaa Ha Revised English Bible H3pa3T>T 03HanaBa: „BHe, kohto ere nyjra npn3HBa h
npHHa^jieacHTe Ha Hcyc Xphctoc".
ToBa OTpa3aBa h pa36HpaHeTO Ha Ta3H (J)pa3a cnope^ npeBOflHTe Ha NRSV, TEV, h JB. Bac. CnElXHAJlHO
ITOHHTHE no-flOJiy.
20
I CnEijHAJiHO noHflTHE: IIPH30BAH
Bor BHHarH noeMa HHHHHaraBara ,na npH30BaBa, %a H36npa h %a npHBjiHHa BapBamnre kbm Ce6e ch
(HoaH 6:44, 65; 15:16; I Kop. 1:12; E(J)ec. 1:4-5,11). /JyMara „npH3BaHHe" ce ronojHBa b hhkojiko
6orocjiOBCKH 3HaHeHna:
A. FpeniHHHHre ca npH30BaHH 3a cnacemie no Eoacna Gjiaro^aT npe3 saBtpineHOTO flcio Ha
XpncTOC h npe3 y6oK,iieHHeTO Ha (T.e. kletos, b>k. Phmji. 1:6-7; 9:24, KoeTO 6orocjiOBCKH ce
CBi>p3BacIKop. 1:1-2hIIThm. l:9;IirieT. 1:10).
B. FpeniHHHHre npH30BaBaT hmcto Ha rocno^a, 3a j\a Gt^aT (t.c epikaleo, b>k. ,Z],eaHHa 2:21; 22: 16;
Phmji. 10:9-13). B TOBa 3HaneHHe ^yMara e h^hom ot noKjiOHHHHecKiia jkhbot Ha Kmenre.
C. BapBamnre ca npH30BaHH h p,& >KHBeaT xpHCTonoAo6eH (t.c klesis, b>k. I Kop. 1:26; 7:20; E(|)ec.
4:1; Gun. 3:14;IICoji. 1:11; HThm. 1:9).
D. BapBamnre ca npH30BaHH etc 3aflaHn 3a cjiyacemie (b>k. fleaHHa 13:2; I Kop. 12:4-7; E(J)ec. 4: 1).
UHTAT OT BLJirAPCKHfl UPEBOJi BEPEH — 1:7
A,o bchhkh b Phm, kohto ca Bi>3Jiio6eHH ot Bora, npH30BaHH cbcthh: Bjiaro^aT h mhp p,a Gt^aT c Bac ot
Bora, Hanma Otcli, h TocnoA Hncyc XpncTOc!
UHTAT OT AHrjIHHCKHfl nPEBOA NASB — 1:7
7 to all who are beloved of God in Rome, called as saints: Grace to you and peace from God our Father
and the Lord Jesus Christ.
1:7 „Bi>3JiK)6eHH ot Bora" To3h H3pa3 lecro ce H3noji3Ba 3a caMHa (b)k. Mar. 3:17; 17:5). Cera Cbmara ^yivia e
OTHeceHa kbm ntpKBara b Phm! ToBa noica3Ba j^bsidimaTa, Ha Eo>KiiaTa jiio6ob kbm OHe3H, kohto ce ^OBepaBaT Ha
Eoacna Chh. Ci>miiaT npniioM 3a npexBtpjiaHe Ha Btokhhtc ^eiicTBiia 3a Hcyc (E(J)ec. 1:20) Moace p,a ce bh^h b
E(J)ec. 2:5-6, Kb^eTO ce roBopn 3a HcycoBnre ^encTBHa 3a BapBamnre.
H „b Phm" He riaBeji e 3anoHHaji Ta3H n>pKBa. Hhkoh He 3Hae koh e nojio>KHji HaianoTO h. riocjiaHHeTO j\o
pHMjiaHHTe e nncMO, b kocto riaBeji ce npe^CTaBa na ntpKBa, KoaTO Bene e ycraHOBeHa. B Hero anocrojrbT .zjaBa
HaH-pa3pa6oTeHOTO ch H3Jio>KeHHe Ha 6jiaroBecTHeTO, KoeTO nponoBa^Ba. ToBa nocjiaHne e h Han-MajiKO
noBjinaHOTO ot MecTHaTa o6cTaHOBKa (MaKap ie HancTHHa ci>mecTByBaT HaKaKBH TeH^eHi(HH 3a Hanpe>KeHHe
Meac^y BapBamnre ot KmeiicKH h ot e3HiecKn npoH3xo^ - h riaBeji rn KOMeHTHpa b nncMOTo).
H
NASB „npH3eaHH Kamo cbcthh"
NKJV, NRSV, JB „npH3BaHH #a 6i>aaT cbcthh"
TEV „npH3BaHH #a 6tflaT HeroBH co6ctbchh jiroae"
rioHaTHeTO „CBeTHH" ce OTHaca 3a nojio>KeHHeTO Ha BapBamnre b XpncTOC, a He 3a TaxHara 6e3rpeniHOCT.
To Cbmo 6h cjie^Bano j\a onncBa Bee no-HapacTBamaTa hm xpHCTono^o6HOCT. B Henna HoBHa 3aBeT ^yMara ce
cpenja b MH03CECTBEHO TOCJIO ocBeH bi>b cDhji. 4:21. Ho flopn h b to3h KOHTeKCT to e CbGnparejiHO. J\& &bp,Qm
xpncTHaHHH 03HaiaBa j\a ch iacr ot oGhjhoct, ceMencTBO, Tajio.
Cthx 1 noKa3Ba, ie naBen e 6hji nproBaH p,a 6i>,ne anocTOJi. B cthx 6 BapBamHTe ca „npH3BaHH ot Hcyc
XpncToc". Cne,a TOBa b cthx 7 Te ca HapeieHn „CBeTHH". ToBa npH3BaHHe e H3 cnoco6 3a yTBtp^aBaHe Ha
HCTHHara 3a BO^emaTa pojia Ha Bora. Hhkoh nanHan b rpexa HOBeK He 6h motm p,a ce nprooBe caM ce6e ch (b>k.
3:9-13; Hcaa 53:6; I neT. 2:25). Bor BHHarn ^tpacH HHHnnaTHBara (b>k. HoaH 6:44,65; 15:16). Ton BHHarH
HacoHBa 3aBeTa kbm Hac. ToBa ce OTHaca 3a cnaceHneTO hh (t.c 3a BMeHeHaTa hh npaBeflHocr), KaKTO h 3a
flapGnre hh, kohto Toh hh e ^aji 3a e(|)eKTHBHO cjiy>KeHHe (b>k. I Kop. 12:7,11) b xpncTHaHCKHa hh >khbot. Bac.
CnEqHAJIHO nOIMTHE no-flOJiy.
21
I CnEIjHAJIHO nOHflTHE: CBETHH
Ta3H nyMa e rptnicHaT eKBHBajieHT Ha eBpencKOTO kadash, nneTO ochobho 3HaneHne e „^a OTnejiHin
HHKoro hjih Henjo HacTpaHa 3a ynoTpe6a ot YHWH". Ha CBBpeMeHeH e3HK 3HaHeHHeTO ce npnnoKpnBa c
nyMara „CBemeH". YHWH e oxaeneH ot najiOTO HOBenecTBO no cbocto ecTecTBO (BeneH h HecbTBopeH
Jfyx) n no CBoa xapaKTep (HpaBCTBeHO cbBtpnieHCTBo). Ton e CTaHnapTbT, cnopen kohto bchhko npyro ce
H3MepBa n cbjxa. Ton e TpaHcneneHranaT, CBarnaT.
Bor e Cb3Aan xopaTa 3a o6meHne, ho rpexonaneHHeTO (Bht. 3 rji.) ronnra 6apnepa bt>b
B3aHMOOTHOineHHaTa MOK^y CBjrraa Bor h rpenmna hobck. Bi>npeKH TOBa Bor peniaBa na BMCTaHOBH h
H3Kynn TBopeHneTO ch. Ilo Ta3H npnHHHa Ton npn30BaBa xopaTa ch ,na 6i>,naT „cb5ith" (b)k. Lev. 11:44;
19:2; 20:7,26; 21:8). Hpe3 OTHonieHHa Ha Bapa c YHWH jnoneTe My CTaBaT cbjith nocpencTBOM 3aBeTHOTO
ch nojio^ceHHe b Hero. B cbiiioto BpeMe Ton ra npH30BaBa na BonaT cbjit >khbot (b>k. MaT. 5:48).
To3H CB3T >khbot e BtSMOKeH, noHe>Ke BapBanjHTe ca Hanbjmo npneTH h onpocTeHH npe3 ^KHBOTa h
AejiOTO Ha Hcyc XpncTOC h HMar npncbCTBHeTO Ha Cb. flyx b ctpnaTa ch. ToBa ycraHOBaBa
napaflOiccajiHOTO nonoaceHne:
1 . ^a ca CB3TH 3apaHH BMeHeHara hm xpncTOBa npaBenHOCT;
2. na ca nprooBaHH kbm cbstoct 3apann npncbCTBHeTO Ha Jiyxa.
BapBanjHTe ca „CBeTHH" (hagioi) 3apanH npncbCTBHeTO b >KHBOTa hm Ha (1) Bojurra Ha CBaTna OTeij;
(2) nenoTO Ha CBaraa Chh Hcyc; (3) npncbCTBHeTO Ha CBaTna JJyx..
HoBHa 3aBeT BHHarn Hapiraa CBeTHHTe b MHCBKECTBEHO TOCJIO (ocbch enHH cjrynan bt>b <I>hji. 4:12,
ho flopn h TaM KOHTeKCTbT npnnaBa Ha nyMara 3HaneHHe b mh.h.). Jip. G^nem cnaceH 03HanaBa na CTaHeni
nacT ot ceMencTBO, thjio, 3^aHHe! EnGjieficKaTa Bapa 3anoHBa c jihhho npneMaHe Ha Cnacnrejia, ho
npoAi>Ji>KaBa c BKjiiOHBaHe b cbbmcctho oGnjeHHe. BceKH ot Hac HMa nap6a (b>k. I Kop. 12:11), naneHa 3a
3^paBeTO, pacTOKa h GjiaroneHCTBneTO Ha Xphctoboto Tano - HtpKBaTa (b»c. I Kop. 12:7). Hne CMe
cnaceHH, 3a ,aa cnyacHM! CBaTOCira e ceMeiffla nepTa!
II „BjiaroaaT Ha sac h mhp ot Bora" ToBa e xapaKrepHnaT HannH, no kohto naBen OTKpnBa nncMaTa ch. TyK
HMa H3BecTHa nrpa Ha nyMn Meacny TpanHnnoHHHa rptnicH no3,npaB „npHBeT" (charein) h cnenH(|)HHHO
xpncTHaHCKOTO noHjrrae „6jiaroAaT" (charts). naBen Moace n ,aa e HCicaji ,aa cbneTae TyK h TpannnHOHHHa
eBpencKH no3ApaB „MHp" (Shalom). Ho TOBa e caMO npennojiOKeHHe. 3a6ejie>KeTe, ne 6orocjiOBCKH GjiaroAaira
BHHarn npenniecTBa Mnpa.
III „ot Bora Haurasi Otcij h Tocnoa Hcyc XpncTOc" naBen penpBHO H3noji3Ba caMO ennH nPE/yior n 3a nBeTe
HMeHa (b^k. I Kop. 1:3; Ean. 1:3; E(J)ec. 1:2; CDhji. 1:2; II Con. 1:2; I Thm. 1:1; II Thm. 1:2; Tht 1:4). no to3h
ipaMaraHeH HannH toh CBtpsBa nBeTe jihhhocth b TponnaTa n nonnepTaBa 6oacecTBeHOCTTa Ha Hcyc.
| CnEIjHAJIHO nOHflTHE: OTELI^
CTapnaT 3aBeT BtBe^c^a 6jiH3KaTa ponHHHCKa MeTa<J)opa, ne Bor e Banja.
1 . H3paHjieBH3T Hapofl necTO ce Hapnna „chh" Ha YHWH (b>k. Ocna 11:1; Man. 3:17);
2. Onje no-paHO b^b BTopo3aKOHHe ce cpenja aHajiornaTa, ne Bor e (b>k. BTop. 1:31);
3. Bib BTop. 32 rji. H3panji ce Hapnna „HeroBHTe nana", a Bor e HapeneH „tbo3t 6ama";
4. CtnjaTa aHanorna ce H3Jiara b nc. 103: 13 n ce pa3pa6oTBa b nc. 68:5 (6ama Ha cnpaneTaTa);
5. HspastT e oGnnaeH 3a npopoi(HTe (b>k. Hcaa 1:2; 63:8); H3panji necTO ce Hapiraa chh, a Bor -
6ama (m. Hcaa 63:16; 64:8; EpeM. 3:4,19; 31:9).
Hcyc e roBoproi apaMencKH e3HK, KoeTO 03HanaBa, ne Ha MHoro ot MecTara, Kt^eTO b rptiiKHa ce
cpenja ^yMaTa Pater, BepoaTHO TOBa 0Tpa33Ba apaMencKaTa nyMa Abba (14:36). <J>aMHjinapHOTO
oGp^meHHe „TaTKo" OTpa3HBa 6jin30CTTa Me^Kny Hcyc h OTeij. A KoraTO Hcyc ro pa3KpnBa npen
nocjienpBaTejiHTe ch, TOBa HacbpnaBa n Tax ,aa TbpcaT cbiijaTa 6jih30Ct c OTen,. B CTapna 3aBeT
noHaTHeTO „OTei(" ce cpenja caMO Bennb^K b^b Bpi)3Ka c YHWH, ho Hcyc ro H3noji3Ba MHoroKpaTHO h
22
HejieHacoieHO. Taica Toh ,aaBa OTKpoBeHHe 3a hoboto B3aHMOOTHOineHHe MOK^y xopaTa h Bora ipe3
XpHCTOC.
HHTAT OT BLJirAPCKHfl nPEBOR BEPEH— 1:8-15
Hafi-Hanpefl 6jiaroaapa Ha Moa Bor npe3 Hncyc XpncTOC 3a bchhkh Bac, 3a TOBa, ne 3a BamaTa Bapa ce
roBopn no ijejiHa cbjit. 3amoTO Bor, Ha KoroTO cjiy>Ka c ,ayxa ch b 6jiaroBecTBaHeTO Ha HeroBHa Chh, mh e
CBH^eTeji, ne HenpecTaHHO bh cnoMeHaBaM BHHarn b mojihtbhtc ch, KaTO ce mojdi, axo Moace Han-nocjie cera
j\& ycnea c EoacHjrra bojis r& AOH^a npn Bac. 3amoTO Komiea p,a bh bh^h, 3a j\& bh npe^aM hskoh ^yxoBeH ,aap
3a BaineTO yTBtp^aBaHe, ToecT, 3a j\a ce yrenia 3ae,aHO c Bac, bcckh npe3 BapaTa, kojito e b ^pyrna - h
BainaTa, h MOirra. H acejiaa, 6para, j\a 3HaeTe, ne MHoro hi>th ce KaHex ,aa flOH^a npn Bac, 3a j\a HMaM hskoh
njiofl h MOK^y Bac, KaKTO Meatfly flpyrnre HapoflH, ho flocera ci>m 6hji Bi>3npeiiaTCTBaH. HviaM .atjir KaKTO kbm
n>pHH, Taxa h kbm BapBapn, KaKTO kbm Mt^pn, Taxa h ki>m HeyneHH. H TaKa, aokojikoto 3aBHCH ot MeH, totob
CbM ,aa nponoBH^BaM 6jiaroBecTHeTO h Ha Bac, kohto CTe b Phm.
HHTAT OT AHrjIHHCKHfl nPEBO^ NASB — 1 :8-15
8 First, I thank my God through Jesus Christ for you all, because your faith is being proclaimed
throughout the whole world. 9 For God, whom I serve in my spirit in the preaching of the gospel of His Son,
is my witness as to how unceasingly I make mention of you, 10 always in my prayers making request, if
perhaps now at last by the will of God I may succeed in coming to you. u For I long to see you so that I may
impart some spiritual gift to you, that you may be established; 12 that is, that I may be encouraged together
with you while among you, each of us by the other's faith, both yours and mine. 13 I do not want you to be
unaware, brethren, that often I have planned to come to you (and have been prevented so far) so that I may
obtain some fruit among you also, even as among the rest of the Gentiles. 14 I am under obligation both to
Greeks and to barbarians, both to the wise and to the foolish. 15 So, for my part, I am eager to preach the
gospel to you also who are in Rome.
1:8 „HaH-Hanpea" B to3h KOHreiccT .nyMara „HaH-Hanpefl" 03HanaBa „OTHaHajio" hjih ,/rpa6Ba ,aa 3anoHHa" (b)k.
npeBO^a Ha J. B. Phillips).
H „6jiaroaapsi Ha moh Bor npe3 Hcyc Xpncroc" IlaBeji o6hkhobcho a^pecnpa mojihtbhtc ch ki>m Bora ipe3
Hcyc XpncTOC. Hcyc e caHHCTBeHHaT hi>t ki>m Bora! Bac. CnEqHAJIHO noiMTHE: XBAJIEHHETO H
BJIArOAAPHOCTTA HA nABEJI nPE^ EOTA ki>m 7:25
11 „3a bchhkh eac" Ta3H ynoTpe6a Ha flyMara „bchhkh" b cthx 7 Moace ,aa Kacae 3aBHCTTa h koh^jihrthtc
Meacfly irbpKOBHHTe BoaaiH ot KmeiicKH nporoxon, H36arajiH ot Phm npn camera Ha HepoH, h BoaaiHre ot
e3HnecKH npoH3xofl, kohto ca noejiH HtpKBaTa npe3 cneflBamHre roaHHH. Bi>3MoacHO e Phmjihhh 9-11 ,aa
a^peenpa hmchho to3h npo6jieM.
Bi>3MoacHO e Cbmo Taxa TyK naBeji ,aa BKjiiOHBa rpynHTe Ha „cjia6HTe" h „chjihhtc" bi>b Bapara ot Phmji.
14:1-15:13. Bor oGiraa uajiaTa HtpKBa b Phm - h ra oGnna e^HaKBo!
11 „3a TOBa, ne 3a BauiaTa ssipa ce roBopn no uejinsi cbsit" B Phmjdihh 16:19 naBeji npexBtpjia moct kbm
CbHjaTa HCTHHa. OneBH^HO TyK ce H3noji3Ba noxBaTbT Ha opneHTajiCKO npeyBejiHieHHe (T.Hap. xHnep6ojia),
AOKaTO ce roBopn 3a Henna phmckh cbjit (Bac. I Coji. 1:8).
1:9 „Bor... mh e CBHfleTeji" naBeji noeMa KjieTBa c hmcto Ha Bora (Bac. 9:1; II Kop. 1:23; 11:10-11,31; 12:19;
Tan. 1:20; I Coji. 2:5). ToBa e HeroBHar io,aeHCKH npniiOM 3a yTBtpacflaBaHe Ha HCTHHHOCTTa Ha H3peneHOTO.
H „c ayxa ch" Eto e^HH floG'tp npnMep 3a ynoTpe6aTa napneuma 3a flyxa Ha HOBeKa (Bac. 8:5,10,16; 12: 1 1) cbc
3HaneHHe „acHBori>T HaiOBeKa" (t.c ,,^'BX'bT"; eBp. ruach, Bac. Bht. 2:7).
23
1:10 „KaTO ce mojih, aKo Moace" IlaBeji He e ocHOBan rasa Hi>pKBa, ho Bi>npeKH TOBa pe^OBHO ce mojih 3a Tax
(b>k. II Kop. 1 1:28), ci>mo KaKTO ro npaBH 3a bchhkh Apyrn lcbprbh! Bac. CnEI{HAJIHO noiMTHE kt>m 9:3.
06ane IlaBeji e HMan MHoro npHaTejra h ci>pa6oTHHHH b pHMCKaTa Hi>pKBa - KaKTO noica3Ba 16 rjiaBa.
111 „aKo Moiace" ToBa H3peneHHe HMa ycjiobhoct itlpbh kjiac, ycBoeHa ot aBTopa 3a jiHTeparypHHTe uejra Ha
nncMOTO. IlaBeji njiaHHpa ^a noceTH Phm Ha m>T 3a HcnaHHa (b)k. 15:22-24). Bepojrrao He e Bi>3HaMepaBaji ^a
ocTaBa TaM ^tjiro. IlaBeji BHHarn e Ttpceji hobo none, Kt^eTO flpyr He e pa6oTHji npe,zni Hero (b)k. 15:20; II Kop.
10:15,16). Bi)3mo>kho e e^Ha ot ijemrre Ha Phmckoto nocjiaHne ^a e Gnjia ^a noompn HaGnpaHeTO Ha cpe^CTBa
3a npeflCToamoTO My MHCHOHepcKO m>TeniecTBHe ao HcnaHHa (b>k. 15:24).
II „aa ycnesi c EoaoisiTa bojisi aa aofifla npn eac" TyK HMa napaneji cthx 13 h 15:32. IlaBeji e CMaTan, ne
>KHBOTbT My h HaMepeHHaTa My npHHa^jiOKar He Ha caMHa Hero, a Ha (b:jk. J^esmm 18:21; I Kop. 4:19; 16:7).
B>k. CnEqHAJiHO noroiTHE KtM 12:2.
1:11 „3amoTO KonHesi jj,a bh bh^si" To3h tckct e napanejieH c 15:23. Jlpnro BpeMe IlaBeji e MenTaeji ^a ce
3ano3Hae c BapBaujHTe b Phm (b>k. Jlpsmmi 19:21).
® „3a aa bh npeaaivi hhkoh ayxoBHa aap6a" HspastT ,„ziyxoBHa flap6a" ce H3noji3Ba etc 3HaneHHe Ha ^yxoBHO
npocBeTjieHne hjih (b>k. 11:29; 15:27). IlaBeji Birac^a ce6e ch KaTO hobck, kohto e yHHKanHO npH30BaH p,a 6i>,zie
anocTOJi 3a e3HHHHi(HTe (b>k. ct. 15).
III „3a BauieTO yTBtpayjaBaHe" Ta3H ^yMa e AOPHCT CTPA/JATEJIEH HHOHHHTHB Ha flyMara histemi. Bac.
CnEUMAJiHO noroiTHE at 5:2.
1:12 TaicaBa e uejira Ha xphcth3hckoto o6meHHe. ,H,ap6HTe HMaT 3a ueji j\a. o6e,nHHaBaT BapBanjHTe b oGhjhoct,
KoaTO cjiyacH. Bchhkh BapBaujH ca BO^eroi ot oGhjoto ^o6po (b^k. I Kop. 12:7). Bchhkh ^ap6n HMaT ctohhoct.
BcaKa e^na ot Tax ce ^aBa ot flyxa npn cnaceHHeTO (b>k. I Kop. 12:11). Bchhkh BapBaujH ca npH30BaHH,
Ha^apeHH 3a m>jiHOHeHHH (b>k. E(J)ec. 4:11-12). IlaBeji acHO no^HepTaBa MHd>jrra ch 3a anocTOJiCKH aBTopnTeT,
ho He npeHe6perBa B3aHMHaTa 3aBHCHMOCT Ha o6mHOCTTa na BapBamHTe. Bchhkh HHe ce Hy^aeM e^HH ot
flpyrnro!
1:13 „He HCKaM, 6paTsi, aa He 3HaeTe" To3h h^hom necTO ce H3noji3Ba ot IlaBeji 3a BtBOK^aHe Ha BaacHO
TBtp^eHHe (b^k. 11:25; I Kop. 10:1; 12:1; II Kop. 1:8; I Coji. 4:13). JlHrepaTypHara My ctohhoct e exo^na c
HcycoBHa H3pa3 „Amhh, aMHH...".
H „ho flocera cbm 6hji Bi>3npensiTCTBaH" rjiarojn>T TyK e b CTPA/JATEJIEH 3AJIor. Ci>maTa (J)pa3a ce cpenja b I
Coji. 2:18, Kb^eTO areHTbT e CaTaHa. IlaBeji e yGe^eH, ne HeroBHaT >khbot ce bo^h ot Bora, ho ce cm>Ba ot
CaTaHa. HaKaK ch h ^BeTe ca HCTHHa (b>k. Hob 1-2 rji.; J\an. 10 rji.). YnoTpeGara Ha TOBa noHaTHe b 15:22
HaMeKBa 3a npenKHTe b mhchohcpckoto ^ejio Ha IlaBeji b h3tohhoto CpeflroeMHOMopHe, kocto onje He e
npHKjiiOHHjio (ho Ha6jnoKaBa Kpaa ch).
H „3a aa HMaM hhkoh njioa h Mea^y Bac" B to3h kohtckct .nyMara „njio,a" MO^ce j\a ce oraaca ^o
o6pi>meHL(HTe, ho b HoaH 15:1-8 h ran. 5:22 3HaHeHneTO H e HaconeHO kbm spejiocira Ha xpncTHaHHTe. B
MaTeii 7 rji. neTeM, ne „no njio^OBeTe hm me rn no3HaeTe", ho TaM HaMa onpe^ejieHHe KaKBH ca tohho Te3H
njioflOBe. Haii-flo6pHaT napaneji BepoaTHO e bi>b <J>hji. 1:22, Kt^eTO IlaBeji H3noji3Ba Cbmara cejiCKOCTonaHCKa
MeTa<J)opa.
1:14 „HiviaM flBjir" IlaBeji H3noji3Ba HaKOJiKOKpaTHO to3h H3pa3 b PnMjiaHH.
1 . IlaBeji e sa^jDReH ^a nponoBa^Ba 6jiaroBecTHeTO Ha bchhkh e3HHHHi(H (iyK).
2. IlaBeji He e 3am>ji>KeH Ha „njrbTra" (8:12).
3 . E3HnecKaTa ittpKBa e AJit^KHa ^a noMara Ha MaiiKaTa iitpKBa b HepycarraM (15:27).
24
H „ki>m n>puH" TyK ce roBopn 3a bchhkh HHBHjiH30BaHH, KyjiTypHH xopa H3 CpeflroeMHOMopHeTO. UejraaT
no3HaT CB3T ToraBa Bene e 6hji ejiHHH3HpaH ot AjieKcanzrbp BejiHKH h nocjieflOBaTejiHre My. IIo-KbCHO
PHMCKaTa BjiacT noeMa h acHMHjiHpa no rojiaMa CTeneH rptHicaTa KyjiTypa.
® „kbm BapeapH" Ta3H 3ByKono,zipa>Kare.riHa flyMa 03HanaBa Heo6pa30BaHHTe h HeKyjiTypHH rpynn,
o6hkhobcho h3 ceBepHHTe TepHTopHH Ha CpeAH3eMHOMopHeTO. .flyMara ce H3noji3Bana 3a xopa, kohto He
roBopaT rptHKH e3HK, noHe>Ke TexHHaT roBop npHjiiraaji Ha 6T>p6opeHe 3a n>pHHre h pHMjiaHHre.
11 „KaKTO KbM Mtflpn, TaKa h ki>m HeyneHH" HantjiHO e bt>3mo5kho TyK p,a ma napajien c npe^HHiHaTa <J)pa3a
„h KbM n>pHH, h KbM BapBapn", Maxap ne TOBa He e 3am>jDKHrejiHO. Mo>Ke to3h H3pa3 npocTO j\a e nope^HHaT
HanHH 3a BKjiiOHBaHe Ha BcaicaKBH BH^OBe rpynn.
IJHTAT OT BLJirAPCKHfl UPEBORBEPEH— 1:16-17
3amoTO He ce cpaMyBaM ot 6jiaroBecTHeTO (Xphctobo), noHeace to e Eo>KHaTa cnjia 3a cnaceHne Ha
BceKH, kohto BapBa - m>pBO 3a KmeHHa, a nocne h 3a n>pKa 3amoTO b Hero ce OTKpHBa Eo>KHaTa npaB^a ot
Bapa KbM Bapa, KaKTO e nncaHo: „IIpaBe,ziHHaT npe3 Bapa me acHBee."
IJHTAT OT AHrjIHHCKHfl nPEBORNASB — 1:16-17
16 For I am not ashamed of the gospel, for it is the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes,
to the Jew first and also to the Greek. 17 For in it the righteousness of God is revealed from faith to faith; as
it is written, „BUT THE RIGHTEOUS MAN SHALL LIVE BY FAITH."
1:16-17 OraxoBe 16-17 H3Jiarar TeMaTa Ha uajiOTO nocnaHHe. TeMara ce noflCHjiBa h o6o6maBa othobo b 3:21-
31.
1:16
NASB, NRSV „He ce cpaMyeaivi ot 6jiaroBecTHeTo"
NKJV „He ce cpaMyeaivi ot SjiaroeecTHeTO Ha XpncTOc"
TEV „HMaM nfcjma yeepeHOCT b 6jiaroBecTHeTo"
JB „He ce cpaMyeaivi ot #o6paTa bcct"
Bi)3mo>kho e IlaBeji p,a HaMeKBa 3a .zryMHTe Ha Hcyc MapK 8:38 h JlyKa 9:26. Ton He ronHTBa cpaM ot
CbAi>p>KaHHeTO Ha 6jiaraTa BecT hjih ot nocjieflBajiHre ot Hea roHeHHa (b)k. II Thm. 1: 12,16,18).
B I Kop. 1:23 Kmenre ca ce cpaMyBann ot 6jiaroBecTHeTO, noHe>Ke to e roBopejio 3a CTpa^am Mecna, a
rbpuHTe - 3amoTO to roBopn 3a BT>3KpeceHHe Ha TajiOTO.
a „cnaceHHe" B CTapna 3aBeT eBpeficKara .zryMa yasho npe^HMHO ce e OTHacajia.no (J)H3HHecK0 H36aBjieHHe (b>k.
.Hkob 5:15), ho b HoBHa 3aBeT rptHKHaT h eKBHBaneHT sozo Kacae Han-Bene avxobho cnacaBaHe (b>k. I Kop.
1:18,21). Bac. Robert B. Girdlestone, Synonyms of the Old Testament, erp. 124-126.
H
NASB „Ha BceKHro, kohto BsipBa"
NKJV „3a BceKHro, kohto BsipBa"
NRSV „Ha BceKHro, kohto HMa Bsipa"
TEV „BCHHKH, KOHTO nOBSipBaT"
JB „BCHHKH, KOHTO HMaT BSipa"
BjiaraTa BecT e 3a bchhkh xopa (o, KaK oGnnaM .zryMirre „bchhkh", „BceKH"!), ho TyK BapaTa e e^HO ot
ycjiOBHaTa 3a npneMaHe (b>k. fleaHHa 16:30-31). .HpyroTO e noKaaHHeTO (b>k. MapK 1:15; J^enmm 3:16,19;
20:21). Bor pa6oTH c HOBenecTBOTO nocpe^CTBOM 3aBeTa ch. toh BHHarn noeMa HHHHHarHBara h nojiara
ocHOBara (b»c. HoaH 6:44,65). 3a Hac o6ane HMa HaKOJiKO ycjiOBHa. B>k. Gejieaocara kt>m 1:5.
25
rptipcHHT raaroji, npeBCueH TyK „BapBa", MO^ce j\& ce npeBe^e h „^OBepaBa ce". KoHOTannaTa b
opHrHHajiHaTa ^yivia e no-6oraTa ot Ta3H b CBBpeMeHHHTe h eKBHBaneHTH. 3a6ejie>KeTe, ne flyMara e CErAlllHO
nPH^ACTHE. CnacHTejraara Bapa e TpaiiHa (b>k. I Kop. 1:18; 15:2; II Kop. 2: 15; I Coji. 4: 14)!
ITtpBOHaHajiHO cpo^HHTe eBpeficKH ^yivin 3a# rptnicoTO noHHTHe „Bapa" ca o6o3HaHaBanH CTaGnjiHa
CTOHKa, npn KoaTO hobck Taxa 3^paBO e crbiiHji Ha flBaTa ch Kpaxa, ne He MO^Ke jiecHO j\a Gt^e H3Ba^eH ot
paBHOBecne. IlpoTHBonojioacHaTa CTapo3aBeTHa MeTa<})opa 6h 6roia „H03eTe mh ca b xjn>3raBa Kan" (b>k. lie.
40:2) hjih „H03eTe mh ce xjrb3raT" (b>k. lie. 73:2). EBpencKHre cpo^HH KopeHH emun, emunah, aman c TeneHne
Ha BpeMeTO 3anoiBaT ^a ce H3noji3BaT 3a hobck, Ha KoroTO MO>Ke ^a ce BapBa h kohto e jioajieH h
GjiaroHailOK^eH. CnacHTejiHaTa Bapa OTpa3aBa He cnoco6HOCTTa Ha nazmajina b rpax hobck j\a 6"bp,e BepeH, a no-
CKopo roBopn 3a BoacnaTa HeH3MeHHa BapHOcr! HaflOK^nre Ha BapBamnre ce ocHOBaBaT He Btpxy TaxHara
jioajiHOCT, a Btpxy xapaKTepa h o6emaHHaTa Ha Bora. B HeroBara GjiaroHaflOK^HOCT, b HeroBara BapHOCT, b
HeroBHTe o6emaHHa!
11 „ni>pBO Ha H)fleHHa" IlpHHHHaTa 3a TOBa ce oGcb^a HaKpaTKO 2:9-10 h b 3 rji. I1o-ki>cho ts me Gt^e
flopa3BHTa b 9-11 rji. Ta cjie^Ba flyMHTe Ha Hcyc ot MaT. 10:6; 15:24; MapK 7:27. Bi>3mo}kho e TyK ^a HMa
HaMeK H 3a 3aBHCTTa MOK^y lOfleHTe H e3HHHHnHTe B PHMCKaTa Ll^pKBa.
1:17 „npaBflaTa Ha Bora" To3h H3pa3 b KOHTeKCTa ce oraaca ^o (1) Boacna xapaKTep h (2) KaK Bor npn^aBa
to3h xapaKTep Ha rpeiiiHHa hobck. IlpeBOfla Ha JB Ka3Ba: „TaKa ce pa3KpnBa cnpaBcujiHBOCTTa Ha Bora." MaKap
ne to3h npeBO,n ce OTHaca ^o HpaBCTBeHHa >khbot Ha BapBamna, toh pa3KpHBa HaH-Bene CToeHeTO My npe,n
npecTOJia Ha npaBcamia Ct^na. BMeHaBaHeTO Ha npaBe^HOCT ot CTpaHa Ha Bora ki>m naflHanHTe b rpax xopa ot
Pe<J)opMaL(HaTa HacaM ce H3pa3aBa npe3 (J)pa3aTa „onpaB^aHHe npe3 Bapa" (b>k. II Kop. 5:21; <J>hji. 3:9). Hmchho
to3h e CTHxtT, kohto e npoMeHHji acHBOTa h 6orocjiOBHeTO Ha MapTHH JlyTep! 06ane nejrra Ha TOBa
onpaB^aHHe e ocBemeHHeTO h onpHjiHHaBaHeTO Ha XpncTOC - t.c ycBoaBaHeTO Ha npaBe^HHa xapaKTep Ha Bora
(b>k. Phmji. 8:28-29; E(})ec. 1:4; 2: 10; Tan. 4:19). IlpaBeflHOCTTa He e npocTO npaBHa npneb^a, a h npH3HB 3a CBaT
acHBOT. Ta e nponec, npn kohto BoacnaT o6pa3 b HOBeKa (JDyHKUHOHariHO ce Bi>3CTaHOBaBa (b>k. II Kop. 5:21).
| CnEijHAJiHO noHHTHE: IIPABEflHOCT / IIPABflA
IloHaTHeTO „npaBeAHOCT" e TOJiKOBa ci>mecTBeHa TeMa, ne bcckh e^HH rocjieflOBareji Ha EnGjinaTa 6h
cjieABano j\& OT^ejia ^OHbjiHHTejiHO BpeMe j\& ro H3ynaBa BHHMaTejiHO.
B Orapna 3aBeT xapaKreptT Ha Bora ce onpe^ejia KaTO „cnpaBe,ziJiHB" hjih „npaBe,zieH".
ETHMOJiornaTa Ha MeconoTaMCKaTa ^yMa H^Ba ot KOHKpeTeH Bna peiHa TptcraKa, KoaTO ce e H3noji3Bana
3a OTCb^K^aHe Ha BepTHKanHaTa npaBOTa Ha ctchh h orpann. Bor H36npa cbhioto noHaTHa, 3a ^a
HjiiocTpHpa MeTa<J)opHHHO co6ctbchoto ch ecTecTBO. Toh e npaBHaT otbcc, cnope,a kohto ce H3MepBaT
bchhkh ocTaHanH Hema. CtHjOTO noHaTHe yTBtpac^aBa KaKTO npaBe,aHOCTTa Ha Bora, TaKa h HeroBOTO
npaBO p,a cb^h.
HoBeKbT e Cb3AaneH no o6pa3a Ha Bora (b>k. Bht. 1 :26-27; 5: 1,3; 9:6), 3a ^a HMa B3aHMOOTHOineHHa c
Hero. UajiOTO oeraHajio TBopeHne e caMO cneHa h (})oh 3a Bpi>3KaTa MOK^y Bora h HOBeKa. Bor HCKa
HeroBOTO Han-BHCine TBopeHne ^a To ono3HaBa, p,a To oGiraa, ^a My cjiy>KH h p,a 6i>,zie KaTO Hero!
JIoajiHOCira Ha HOBeKa ce no^jiara Ha npoBepKa (bjk. Bht. 3 rji.), ho ntpBaTa ^BoiiKa xopa ce npoBanaT Ha
to3h TecT. B pe3yjiTaT HacrbnBa pa3pHB MOK^y Bora h najioTO hobchcctbo (b>k. Bht. 3 rji.; Phmji. 5:12-
21).
Bor e o6eman ^a Bi>3CTaHOBH h ^a H3Kynn TOBa B3aHMOOTHOineHHe (bjk. Bht. 3: 15). H Toh ro nocrara
npe3 CBoaTa BOJia h npe3 CBoa eAHHopo^eH Chh, noHe^ce xopara caMH no ce6e ch ca Hecnoco6HH ^a
npecKonaT 3eiiHajiaTa nponacT b OTHOineHHaTa c TBopeija (b>k. Phmji. 1: 18-3:20).
Cjiefl rpexonafleHHeTO rrbpBara CTbnKa Ha Bora KbM Bi)3CTaHOBaBaHeTO Ha bchhko TOBa e
B^BOK^aHeTO Ha npe^CTaBaTa 3a 3aBeT, ocHOBaH Bi>pxy HeroBaTa noKaHa h HOBeniKHa noKaaH, BepeH h
noKopeH otkjihk. 3apa^H rpexonaneHHeTO bchhkh xopa ca Hecnoco6HH ^a H3Bi>pinaT Hy>KHOTO (b>k. Phmji.
3:21-31; Taji. 3 rji.). 3aTOBa ce Hanara Bor jihhho ^a noeMe HHHi(HaTHBaTa 3a Bi)3CTaHOBaBaHeTO Ha
nocToaHHO HapyinaBamHTe 3aBeTaxopa. Toh ro nocrara, KaTo:
26
1 . o6aBHBa rpeniHHTe xopa 3a npaBe,HHH npe3 ^ejiOTO Ha XpncTOC (lopnanHecKa npaBCHHOcr);
2. no^apaBa Ha HOBenecTBOTO npaBe^HOCT npe3 acjioto Ha XpncTOC (BMeHeHa npaBe,aHOCT);
3 . flaBa flyxa B xopara, 3a p,a nporoBOK^a npaBeflHOCT b HOBeica (HpaBCTBeHa npaBeflHOCT);
4. Bi)3CTaHOBaBa OTHomeHHeTO ot E^eMCKaTa rpanHHa npe3 BtSBtpHaTHa Boacn o6pa3 y BapBamnre
(poflCTBeHa npaBeAHOCT).
06ane Bor H3HCKBa 3aBeTeH OTroBop ot HOBeKa. Bor nocraHOBaBa (t.c ,naBa) h ocnrypaBa bchhko
Heo6xoAHMO, ho xopaTa Tpa6Ba ^a OTKjiHKHaT b >KHBOTa ch npe3:
1 . noKaaHHe
2. Bapa
3 . >khbot Ha nocnymaHHe
4. ycToaBaHe
Cjie^OBaTejiHO npaBe,aHOCTTa e 3aBeTHO h pennnpoHHO ^eficTBHe Meac^y Bora h HeroBOTO Han-BHCine
TBopeHHe. Ta ce ocHOBaBa Ha xapaicrepa Ha Bora, Ha ^ejiOTO Ha XpncToc h Ha npncbCTBHeTO Ha Cb. Jfyx,
Ha KoeTO BceKH e^HH hobck Tpa6Ba caMOCToaTciHO h OKe^HeBHO p,a OTKjiHKBa. To3h nponec ce Hapnna
„onpaB^aHHe npe3 Bapa". IIoHaTHeTO ce pa3KpHBa b eBaHrejiHjrra, ho caMO KaTO 3araTBaHe. IIo-ki>cho to
ce Aopa3BHBa ot an. IlaBeji, kohto npHBeac^a Hafl cto hbth rptnicoTO ci>mecTBHTejiHO „npaBe,ziHOCT" no^
HaH-pa3JIHHHHTe My (J)OpMH.
Ilo o6pa30BaHHe IlaBeji e paBHH h cera npHBeac^a noHaTHeTO dikaiosune b HeroBHa eBpeficKH cmhcbji
Ha SDQ, Taica KaKTO ce H3noji3Ba b CemyarHHTara, a He b ejiHHCKaTa jiHTeparypa. Ilpn ynoTpeGnre ch b
rpi>HKH nncaHHa noHaTHeTO ce CBT>p3Ba c hobck, kohto ce npHcnoco6aBa kbm onaKBaHHaTa Ha
6o>KecTBOTO hjih Ha o6mecTBOTO. B CTapoeBpeficKHa My cmhcbji o6ane to HeroMeHHO nojiynaBa 3aBeTHO
3HaneHHe. YHWH e cnpaBefljiHB h MopaneH Bor. Ton HCKa HeroBHTe xopa ^a OTpa3aBaT xapaKTepa My.
H3KyneHOTO hobchcctbo CTaBa hobo TBopeHHe. Ta3H hoboct bo^h ^o hob cthji Ha >khbot - 6jiaroHecTnc
Cne,a KaTO H3pan.11 e 6hji TeoKpai(Ha, HaMa acHO pa3rpaHHHeHne MOK^y cbctckoto (o6mecTBeHHTe hopmh)
h CBemeHOTO (Bo>KHaTa Bona). ToBa pa3rpaHHHeHne ce H3pa3aBa c noMonjTa Ha eBpencKn h rptnicH
noHaTHa, kohto ce npeBOK^ar cbotbctho „cnpaBe,ziJiHBOCT" (no OTHOineHne Ha o6mecTBOTo) h
„npaBeflHOCT" (no OTHOineHne Ha BapaTa).
BjiaroBecTneTO 3a Hcyc XpncTOC raacn, ne nazmanoTO HOBenecTBO cera e BtscraHOBeHO j\a. o6myBa
o6paTHO c Bora. napa^OKCbT Ha IlaBeji noKa3Ba, ne npe3 XpncTOC bhhobhhtc ca onpaB^aHn ot Bora. To3H
nponec ce noerara npe3 jno6oBTa, Mnjiocira h Gjiaroflaira Ha Bor Otcli; npe3 acnBOTa, CMtpira n
BT>3KpeceHHeTO Ha Bor Chh; h npe3 npn3HBa n norrnKa Ha CBeTHa Jfyx kbm 6jiaraTa bcct. OnpaB^aHneTO
e aKT Ha EoacnaTa CBoGo^Ha Bona, ho to Tpa6Ba p,a Boan kbm GjiaronecTne (TaKbB e BT>3rjieAi>T Ha
ABrycTHH Bjia>KeHH, OTpa3eH no-KbCHO b pe(})opMaTopcKHa crpeMCK 3a cbo6oaho pa3npocTpaHeHHe Ha
6jiaraTa BecT h b KarojinHecKna npn3HB 3a npoMeHeH >khbot, H3HbjiHeH c jiio6ob h BapHOCT.) Ot rjie^Ha
TOHKa Ha pe(})opMaTopcKHTe 6orocjiOBH noHaTHeTO „Bo>KHa npaB^a" e OBEKTHBEH EEHETHB (t.c aKTbT,
npn kohto rpenmnaT hobck CTaBa npneMjinB 3a Bora - T.Hap. „no3HnnoHajiHO ocBemeHne"), flOKaro npn
KaTOJinnecKOTO 6orocjiOBne toh e CYEEKTHBEH EEHETHB (T.e. nponectT, npn kohto HOBeKbT Bee noBene
3anpnjiHHBa Ha Bora - T.Hap. „onnTHO nporpecHBHO ocBemeHne"). B flencTBHTCiHOCT to oGxBanja h
flBeTe !
Cnope,a Moa BT>3rjiefl onje ot BnTHe 4 rjiaBa ^o OTKpoBeHHe 20 raaBa BnGjinaTa e onncaHne Ha
HanHHa, no kohto Bor BT>3CTaHOBaBa E^eM. BnGjinaTa 3anoHBa c pa3Ka3 3a o6meHHeTO MOK^y Bora h
HOBeKa b 3eMHa o6cTaHOBKa (b>k. Bhthc 1-2 rji.) h 3aBT>pniBa cbc CbnjaTa o6cTaHOBKa (b>k. OTKpoBeHHe 21-
22 rji.). 06pa3T>T Ha Bora h HaMepeHHaTa My me Gi^ar e^HH ^eH HanbjiHO BtscTaHOBeHn!
3a ^a ^OKyMeHTHpaM ropffirre onncaHHa, ctM noA6pan cjie^HHTe tckctobc ot HoBHa 3aBeT, kohto
HjHOCTpHpar rptiiKaTa ^yMa n HenHHTe cpo^HH.
1 . Bor e npaBe^eH (necTO npe^CTaBaH KaTO Ct^Ha)
a. PnMjiaHH 3:26
b. II Coji>hl(h 1:5-6
b. IITnMOTen4:8
d. OTKpoBeHHe 16:5
27
2. Hcyc e npaBe^eH
a. fleaHna 3:14; 7:52; 22: 14 (THTjia Ha Mecnn)
b. MaTeH27:19
c. IHoaH2:l,29;3:7
3 . BoacuHTa bojih 3a TBopeHHeTO e npaBeflHOCT
a. JleBHT 19:2
b. MaTefi 5:48 (bk. 5:17-20)
4. BoacHHTe cpe^CTBa 3a ocnrypHBaHe Ha npaBe^HOCT
a. Phmjihhh 3:21-31
b. Phmjihhh 4
c. Phmjihhh 5:6-11
d. ranaTaHH 3:6-14
e. fla^eHa ot Bora
1) Phmjihhh 3:24; 6:23
2) I KopHHTHHH 1:30
3) Effjecnmi 2:8-9
f. npneTa npe3 Bapa
1) Phmjihhh 1:17; 3:22,26; 4:3,5,13; 9:30; 10:4,6,10
2) I Kophhthhh 5:21
d. npe3 flejiara Ha CnHa
1) Phmjihhh 5:21-31
2) II Kophhthhh 5:21
3) cDhjihiihhh 2:6-1 1
5 . Bor acejiae HeroBHTe nocjieflOBarejra p,a 6i>flaT npaBCHHH
a. Mareii 5:3-48; 7:24-27
b. Phmjihhh 2:13; 5:1-5; 6:1-23
c. II Kophhthhh 6:14
d. ITHMOTeii6:ll
e. II Thmotch 2:22; 3: 16
f. IHoaH3:7
g. I IleTbp 2:24
6. Bor me Chjxa CBeTa 3a npaB^a
a. flenHHH 17:31
b. II Thmotch 4:8
npaBeflHOcrra e Bo>khh xapaKTepncTHKa, cbo6oaho j\aj\Qna Ha HOBeica npe3 jiHHHOCTTa Ha XpncToc.
Th e: (1) nocTaHOBjieHne Ha Bora; (2) ^ap ot Bora; (3) ^ejio Ha XpncToc.
Ho th e CbHjo Taica h npouec, npn kohto hobck CTaBa npaBe^eH. Hne Tpn6Ba ^a ce cipeMHM ki>m Ta3H
npoMHHa ycHjieHO h hoctohhho. E^hh ^eH hmchho Ta3H npaB^a me 6i>,zie KOHcyMHpaHa npn Btopoto
H^BaHe Ha Hcyc XpncToc. 06meHHeTO c Bora ce Bi>3CTaHOBHBa npn cnaceHHeTO, ho npo,zrbJDKaBa ^a ce
pa3BHBa npe3 hcjihh hh »chbot, .noKaro He ce ronpaBHM jraue b jraue c Hero npn HainaTa cmi>pt hjih npn
HeroBaTa parousia !
Eto e^HH HHrar ot Dictionary of Paul and His Letters (IVP):
„KanBHH MHoro noBene ot JlyTep nocTaBH aicHeHT Bi>pxy acneKTa Ha jihhhoto hh B3aHMOOTHOineHHe c
Bora npn BMeHHBaHeTO Ha npaBeflHOCTTa. Bi>3rjie,zrbT Ha JlyTep 3a Bo^KHHTa npaBe^HOCT rorjiOK^a
Cbffbpwia ejieMeHT Ha onpaedame.ma npuc-bda. Upu KariBHH y^apeHHeTO e Bi>pxy ny^HOTO ecTecTBO
Ha o6meHHeTO hjih Ha BMeHHBaHeTO Ha Bo>KHHTa npaBe^HOCT na Hac caMHTe" (cip. 834).
3a MeH o6meHHeTO Ha BnpBamHH c Bora cb^ipaca Tpn acneKTa:
1 . 6jiaroBecTHeTO e jihhhoct (npn KajiBHH h npn H3TOHHara HtpKBa);
2. 6jiaroBecTHeTO e HCTHHa (npn ABrycTHH BjiaaceHH h JlyTep);
3. 6jiaroBecTHeTO e npoMeHeH >khbot (npn KarojiHHH3Ma).
28
H TpHTe Hema ca BepHH h cjie^Ba p,a ce no,zwi>p}KaT eflHOBpeMemio, 3a j\& cbrpaac^aMe 3ApaBocjiOBHO,
CTaGnjiHO h 6h6jichcko xpHCTHHHCTBO. KoraTO HHKoe ot Tax nojiynaBa no-CHjieH hjih no-cjia6 aKueHT, ce
noaBaBar npo6jieMH.
Hne Tpa6Ba ^a npneMeM Hcyc XpHcroc!
Hne ipa6Ba p,a noBapBaMe b 6jiaroBecTHeTo!
Hne ipa6Ba p,a tohhm xpHCTonoAo6HOCT!
H
NASB, NKJV „ot Bsipa ki>m esipa"
NRSV «npe3 esipa icbm esipa"
TEV „nocpeflCTBOM Bsipa ot Hanajio ao Kpafi"
JB „B5ipaTa BOflH KTfaM Bsipa"
Ta3H 4>pa3a HMa flBa nPE/yiorA - ek u eis, kohto noKa3Bar npexoa hjih pa3BHrae. IlaBeji H3noji3Ba CbnjaTa
CTpyKTypa bt>b II Kop. 2: 16, KaKTO h CTpyKTypaTa c npe,aji03HTe apo h eis bib II Kop. 3:18. XpHCTHaHCKaTa Bapa
e no^aptK, kohto ce onaicBa ,na ce npeBtpHe b xapaKrepncTHKa h cthji Ha >khbot.
Hivia HaKOJiKO bI)3mo>khh npeBOfla Ha Ta3H (J)pa3a. Hobhjit 3aBeT Ha YnjiaMC a npeBe^K^a Taxa: „HbTaT Ha
BapaTa bo^h ^o onje no-rojiaMa Bapa." OcHOBHHTe 6orocjiOBCKH H^en TyK ca, ie (1) BapaTa naBa ot Bora
(„OTKpHBa ce"); (2) hobckbt Tpa6Ba p,a OTKjiHKHe, h to nporbJDKHTejiHo; (3) BapaTa Tpa6Ba j\a bo^h j\o >khbot Ha
GjiaronecTHe.
E^ho Henjo e cnrypHO. „BapaTa" b Xphctoc e 5KH3HeHOBa>KHa (b>k. Phmji. 5:1; <I)hji. 3:9). EroKHaT ^ap Ha
cnaceHHeTO ce o6ycjiaBa czihhctbcho ot roTOBHOCira Ha HOBeica j\a noBapBa (b)k. Mapic 1:15; HoaH 1:12; 3:16;
fleaHHa 3:16,19; 20:21).
H
NASB „npaBeflHHsiT hobck me 5KHBee npe3 Bsipa"
NKJV „onpaBflaHH$iT me 5KHBee npe3 Bsipa"
NRSV „oh3h, kohto e npaBeaeH, me 5KHBee npe3 Bsipa"
TEV „kohto e H3npaBeH c Bora npe3 Bsipa, me 5KHBee"
JB „npaBeflHHsiT Haiviupa jkhbot npe3 Bsipa"
To3H ijHTaT e ot ABaicyM 2:4, ho He ce cpenja hhto b Ma3opeTCKHTe tckctobc, hhto b CenTyarHHTaTa. B
Crapna 3aBeT .nyMara „Bapa" HMa pa3iiiHpeHO MeTa(J)opHHHO 3HaneHHe Ha „BapHOCT", „^0CT0BepH0CT" hjih
„jioajiHOCT". CnacHTejiHaTa Bapa ce ocHOBaBa hmchho Btpxy Eo>KHaTa BapHOCT (b)k. 3:5,21,22,25,26). Ot flpyra
CTpaHa, BepHOCira Ha HOBeKa e cbh^ctcjictbo, ie toh e nojiynnji Bo>KHa no^aptK. CtmnaT CTapo3aBeTeH tckct
ce HHTHpa h b TajiaTaHH 3:11 h EBpen 10:38. Cne^Bamara jiHTepaTypHa e,aHHHHa (PnMjiaHH 1:18-3:20) me
pa3Kpne icaKBO npe^CTaBjiaBa npoTHBonojio^KHOCTTa Ha BepHOCira npe,a Bora.
Eto Kax HaKOH KOMeHTaTopH ^Hec pa36npaT nocjieflHara nacT ot (J)pa3aTa:
1 . Boi>m: „3anoHBa c Bapa h 3aBi>piiiBa c Bapa"
2. Xo^ac: „eflHHCTBeHO nocpe^CTBOM Bapa"
3 . BapeT: „wbz ocHOBa cahhctbcho Ha BapaTa"
4. Hokc: „Bapa - OTHanajio flOKpaii"
5 . CTar: „npaBHaT ot Bapa me >KHBee"
UHTAT OT BBJirAPCKHfl IIPEBOR BEPEH— 1:18-23
3amoTO BoacnaT rHaB ce OTicpHBa ot He6eTO cpemy BcaKO 6e36oacHe h HenpaB^a Ha xopaTa, kohto
noTHCKar HCTHHaTa ipe3 HenpaB^a; noHOKe TOBa, KoeTO e bi>3mo>kho j\a ce 3Hae 3a Bora, hm e H3BecTHO,
3amoTO Bor hm ro h33bh. IloHeace ot ci>3flaHHeTO Ha CBeTa TOBa, KoeTO e hcbh^hmo y Hero - BeiHara My
CHjia h 6oacecTBeHOCT - ce Birac^a acHO, pa36HpaeMO ot TBopeHHaTa, Taxa ie Te ca 6e3 H3BHHeHHe. 3amoTO
no3Haxa Bora, ho hhto To npocjiaBHxa KaTO Bor, hhto My Gjiaro^apHxa, a ce H3Bparaxa b cbohtc Mt^pyBaHHa
h 6e3yMHOTO hm cbpue ce noMpann. KaTO ce npe^CTaBaxa 3a Mb fspm, re rjiyneexa, h pa3MeHHxa cjiaBaTa Ha
HeTjieHHHa Bor c o6pa3, noAo6eH Ha CMtpTeH hobck, Ha hthhh, Ha neTHpHKpaKH h Ha m>ji3amH raflHHH.
29
HHTAT OT AHrjIHHCKHfl nPEBO^ NASB — 1:18-23
18 For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men
who suppress the truth in unrighteousness, "because that which is known about God is evident within
them; for God made it evident to them. 20 For since the creation of the world His invisible attributes, His
eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly seen, being understood through what has been made, so
that they are without excuse. 21 For even though they knew God, they did not honor Him as God or give
thanks, but they became futile in their speculations, and their foolish heart was darkened. 22 Professing to
be wise, they became fools, 23 and exchanged the glory of the incorruptible God for an image in the form of
corruptible man and of birds and four-footed animals and crawling creatures.
1:18 „3amoTo" 06i>pHeTe BHHMaHHe Ha 6poH cjiynan, Koraro .nyMara gar ce H3noji3Ba b ci>moTO ropeieHHe 3a
H3pa3aBaHe Ha TeMara b cthxobc 16-17 - uejiH Tpn hbth. BiracTe icaic to BtBeac^a rrbpBara ocHOBHa mhcbji Ha
IlaBeji bt>b Bpi)3Kac 6jiararaBecT (1:18-3:31) b KompacT etc cnjiaTa Ha Bora 3acnaceHHe (1:16-17).
H „Bo5khsit thsib" Cthxobc 18-23 H3o6pa3aBaT e3HHecKHa CB3T ot BpeMeTO Ha IlaBeji. HaiHHbT, no kohto
IlaBeji xapaKTepH3npa e3HHecKHa cbst, Mo^ce p,a ce OTKpne b KmeiicKaTa jiHTepaTypa (b^k. npejwbdpocm
CojiOMOHoea 13:1 h cji.; ApucmeiiCKO nocjicmue, 134-138), KaKTO h b rptHKHre h phmckhtc nncaHHa. Cbmara
Eh6jihji, KoaTO hh roBopn 3a EoacHjrra jik)6ob, cbmo pa3KpHBa h Boacna thjib (b>k. ct. 23-32; 2:5,8; 3:5; 4:15;
5:9; 9:22; 12:19; 13:4-5).
H jno6oBTa, h rHeBtT ca hobcihkh noHjrraa, kohto ce npnjiaraT kt>m Bora. Te H3pa3aBar HCTHHaTa, ne Bor
HMa HanHH, no kohto Toh ^cejiae BapBanjHTe ^a pearnpaT h ^a ^khbcht. KoraTO hobck cb3HarejiHO OTXEtpjin
BoacHaTa Bona (t.c 6jiaroBecTHeTO Ha Xphctoc), TOBa bo^h j\o nocjie^CTBHa KaKTO BpeMeHHH, TaKa h (b to3h
cthx) ecxaTOJiorHnecKH (b>k. 2:5). 06ane Bor He Tpa6Ba jiq ce pasraoK^a KaTO OTivrbCTHrejieH. Ct>ai>t e
HeroBOTO „Heo6HHaiiHO fle.no" (b>k. Hcaa 28:21 h cji.). Jlio6oBTa e HeroBHaT xapaKTep (b»c. BTop. 5:9 to 5:10;
7:9). B Hero npeo6jia,aaBaT cnpaBe,a,jiHBOCTTa h Mnjiocira. B cbhioto BpeMe o6aie bchhkh >khbh cbnjecTBa me
Tpa6Ba ,aa OTroBapaT npe,a Bora (b)k. Ekji. 12:13-14; Taji. 6:7) h flopn npe,a xpncTHaHHTe (b>k. 14:10-12; II Kop.
5:10).
11 „ce OTKpHBa" KaKTO 6jiaroBecTHeTO e OTKpnra HCTHHa (17 ct.), ci>moTO ce OTHaca h 3a Boacna raaB! Hhto
e^no ot ^BeTe Henja He e njio,n na hobcihko OTKpHTne hjih jiorHKa.
11 „kohto noTHCKaT HCTHHaTa" ToBa ce OTHaca 3a ci>3HaTejiHOTO OTXEtpjiaHe Ha HCTHHara, a He 3a
HeBeacecTBOTO Ha xopaTa (b>k. ct. 21,32; HoaH 3:17-21). <J)pa3ara 6h Moraa ,aa 03HaiaBa, (1) ie Te no3HaBar
HCTHHaTa, ho a OTXEtpjiaT; (2) ne tcxhhht HanHH Ha »chbot noKa3Ba aokojiko OTXBi>p.iiaT HCTHHaTa; (3) hjih ne
acHBOTbT hm h ^yMHTe hm npeiaT Ha flpyrnre ^a no3HaBaT h ,aa npneiviaT HCTHHaTa.
| CnEUHAJlHO noHHTHE: „HCTHHATA" B nHCMATA HA nABEJI
naBjiOBara ynoTpe6a Ha noHaTHeTO „HCTHHa" naBa ot HeroBHa CTapo3aBeTeH eKBHBaneHT (emet),
KoeTO 03HanaBa „apBepeH" hjih „BepeH". B KmeiicKHTe nHcamia Moiety ^BaTa 3aBeTa AyMara ce H3noji3Ba
3a „HCTHHa" KaTO aHTOHHM Ha „(J)ajiiiiHBOCT". Mo>Ke 6h Haii-6jiH3KHaT napaneji 6h 6hji b CKpnacaiiHTe ot
MtpTBO Mope, Kt^eTO AyMara ce cpenja ci>c 3HaneHHe Ha „OTKpnTa AOKipHHa" b T.Hap. „Ejiaro,aapcTBeHH
xhmhh". HjieHOBeTe Ha eceiicKaTa oGhjhoct ca ce HapHHarra „CBH,aeTejiH Ha HCTHHaTa".
naBeji H3noji3Ba noHaTHeTO KaTO chhohhm 3a 6jiaroBecTHeTO Ha Xphctoc.
1. Phmjmhh 1:18,25; 2:8,20; 3:7; 15:8
2. I KopHHTaHH 13:6
3. II KopHHTHHH 4:2; 6:7; 11:10; 13:8
4. TajiaTaHH 2:5,14; 5:7
5. E(J)ecaHH 1:13; 6:14
6. Kojiocshh 1:5,6
7. II Cojivhhh 2:10,12,13
30
8. ITHMOTeH2:4;3:15;4:3;6:5
9. II THMOTefi 2: 15,18,25; 3:7,8; 4:4
10. Tht 1:1,14
OcBeH TOBa IlaBeji H3noji3Ba .zryMara, 3a j\a noTBi>p,nH TOHHoerra Ha co6cTBeHHTe ch .ztvmh.
1. fleaHna 26:25
2. Phmjihhh9:1
3. IIKophhthhh7:14; 12:6
4. E(J)ecaHH 4:25
5. (Dhjihiihhh 1:18
6. IThmotch2:7
flpyra ynoTpe6a e npn o nncaHHeTo Ha HeroBHTe mothbh (b I Kop. 5:8) h HannH Ha »chbot - HeroB h
Ha bchhkh xpncTHaHH (Ec|}ec. 4:24; 5:9; <J>hji. 4:8). IloHHKora ro H3noji3Ba h 3a xapaicrepa Ha:
1. Bora, Phmji. 3:4 (b>k. HoaH 3:33; 17:17)
2. Hcyc XpncToc, E(})ec. 4:21 (hoao6ho Ha HoaH 14:6)
3. anocTOJiCKOTO CBn^eTejiCTBO, Tht 1:13
4. caMHa IlaBeji, II Kop. 6:8
E^HHCTBeHO IlaBeji H3noji3Ba rjiarojiHaTa (})opMa Ha Ta3H ^yivia (aletheuo). ToBa BHac^aMe b TajiaTaHH
4: 16 h E(J>ecaHH 4: 15, Kb,neTO rjiarorn>T ce OTHaca kbm 6jiaraTa BecT. 3a no-fl , bJi6oKO H3CJie^BaHe b>k. Colin
Brown (ed), The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology, vol. 3, erp. 784-902.
1:19 „KoeTO e bi>3mojkho aa ce 3Hae 3a Bora, hm e h3bcctho, 3amoTO Bor hm ro h3sibh" Bchhkh xopa 3HaaT
Hemp 3a Bora ot TBopeffinrra (b>k. ct. 20; Hob 12:7-10 h ncajiOM 19:1-6 [npe3 npnponara], 12-15 [npe3
nncaHHeTo]). B 6orocjiOBHeTO TOBa ce Hapnna „o6mo OTKpoBeHHe". To He e 3aBi>piHeHO, ho e ocHOBa 3a
orroBopHOCTra, kojito Bor me H3HCKBa ot OHe3H xopa, kohto He ca HMann bi>3mo}khoct p,a nyjiT Bo>KHeTO
„cnennajiHO OTKpoBeHHe" b CBenjeHOTO nncaHHe h b jiHHHOCTra Ha Hcyc XpncToc (b>k. Koji. 1:15; 2:9).
JfyMara „fi,a ce 3Hae" ce cpenja c ppe 3HaneHHJi b Hobhji 3aBeT. Ot e^na crpaHa e HeroBaTa CTapo3aBeTHa
ynoTpe6a 3a jihhho no3HaBaHe (b>k. Bht. 4: 1; EpeM. 1:5), a ot ,zrpyra e HeroBnaT rptniai cmhcbji 3a (JDaKrn hjih
TeMH (b>k. 21 ct.). BjiaroBecTHeTO e icaKTO JIhhhoct, kohto Tpa6Ba j\a npneMeM, TaKa h nocjiaHHe 3a Ta3H
JIhhhoct, b KoeTO Tpa6Ba j\a noBapBaMe! Hmchho b TOBa BTopo 3HaneHHe e H3noji3BaHa flyMara b Hacroamna
CTHX.
1 :20 To3h cthx H36poaBa Tpn acneKTa Ha Bora:
1. HeroBHTe hcbh^hmh arpnGyTH (KaTO HeroBna xapaKTep), b>k. Koji. 1:15; I Thm. 1:17; EBp. 1 1:27)
2. HeroBOTO BenHO Mon>mecTBO (bh^hmo b ecTecTBeHaTa npnpozia)
3 . HeroBaTa Go^cecTBeHa npnpozia (BH^nivia b HeroBHTe ^eaHHa h b mothbhtc My 3a cbTBopeHneTO Ha
CBeTa)
H „ot ci>3flaHHeTO Ha ceeTa" riPE/yior'LT apo ce H3noji3Ba c TeMnopaneH cmhcbji. noAo6Ha (J)pa3a ce cpenja
Cbnjo b: MapK 10:6; 13:19; II neT. 3:4. HeBuzjHMnaT Bor cera ce Birac^a: (1) Bi)B (J)H3HHecKOTO TBopeHne (b
HacToanjHa cthx); (2) b nncaHHeTo (nc. 19, 119); h (3) Haii-nbjiHO b Hcyc XpncToc (b>k. HoaH 14:9).
H „6o5KecTBeHOCT" Onje ot ejiHHCKaTa jiHTepaTypa ,zryMara theiotes Mo^ce ^a ce npeBe^a „6o)KecTBeHO
BejiHHHe". ToBa ce Birac^a Haii-,no6pe b Hcyc. E^nHCTBeHO Toii hoch o6pa3a Ha Etokcctboto (b>k. II Kop. 4:4;
EBp. 1:3). Toil e BoacneTO m>jiHO OTKpoBeHHe b HOBeniKa (J)opMa (Koji. 1:19; 2:9). npeKpacHara HCTHHa Ha
6jiaraTa Beer e, ne naflHajinaT HOBeK npe3 Bapa b XpncToc, me cnoflejia xapaKTepa Ha XpncToc (b>k. EBp. 12: 10; I
HoaH 3:2). Btokhjit o6pa3 b HOBeKa (b>k. Bht. 1:26-27) e Bi>3CTaHOBeH (theios, b)k. II neT. 1:3-4)!
NASB „hcho ce BHiw^aT h ce pa36npaT npe3 CBTBopeHHre Hema"
NKJV „hcho ce BH5i^aT, pajSnpaeiviii 3a ctTBopeHHre"
NRSV „ce pa36npaT h BH5K#aT npe3 HemaTa, kohto e ci>3flaji"
31
TEV „ca hcho bh^hmh; Te ch jinnaT b ctTBopeHHTe ot Bora Hema"
NJB „hcho ce BHayjaT, KoraTO yivitT npoyMsiBa ctTBopeHHre Hema"
CbHeTaHHeTO Meayiy ,/ryMHTe noeo (b>k. MaT. 15:17) h kathorao (h ^BaTa rjiarojia b CErAIIIEH
CTPA/JATEJIEH 3AJIor) roBopn 3a hcthhcko BtsripiiHTHe . Bor e HanHcan ^Be khhi-h - npHponara h IlHcaHHeTO. H
^BeTe MoraT j\& 6i,j\&t pa36paHH ot HOBeica h H3HCKBaT onpe^ejieHa peaicnHJi (b*c. Wisdom, 13:1-9).
111 „ca 6e3 H3BHHeHHe" ByKBanHo: „6e3 npaBHa 3amHTa". rptnicoTO noHjrrae (a njiioc apologeomai) ce cpenja
e^HHCTBeHO TyK h b 2:1 b nejmji Hob 3aBeT. CnoMHeTe ch 6orocjiOBCKOTO npe,nHa3HaHeHHe Ha 1:18-3:20. To3h
nacaac Tpa6Ba ^a noKa>Ke ^yxoBHara H3ry6eHOCT Ha najiOTO HOBenecTBO. XopaTa hocst oitobophoct 3a OHOBa
3HaHHe, c KoeTO pa3nojiaraT. Bor ^tp^H xopaTa oitobophh e^HHCTBeHO 3a HenjaTa, kohto 3HaaT hjih 6nxa
MorjiH ^a 3HaaT.
1:21 „MaKap ne no3HaBaxa Bora" XopaTa He nporpecnpaT b pejiHrH03HO OTHOineHHe. HanpoTHB, Te ca Bee no-
HenecTHBH. Ot Eirrae 3 rji. HacaM HOBenncara paca cjiroa no ctp^mho HaHaAOJiHHme. Mpaici>T caMO ce
yBejiHnaBa!
H „He ro noHHTaxa KaTO Bor h He My OTflaaoxa npH3HaTejiHOCT" ToBa e Tpare^HHTa Ha hobchikoto
H^ojionoKjiOHCTBO b 23-24 (b)k. EpeM. 2:9-13).
11 „a ce H3BpaTHxa b cbohtc MtflpyBaHHsi h 6e3yMHOTO hm ctpue ce noivipaHH" B npeBO^a Ha OjiacJ) M.
MopjiH T03H H3pa3 e npefla^eH Taica: „rio-CKopo Te ce 3aexa c HaHBHH xnnoTe3H 3a Hero h TexHHTe rjiynaBH
yMOBe caMO Tbpcexa H3 Mpaica" (Olaf M. Morlie, The New Testament: A New Translation). HoBennarre
pejinrH03HH CHCTeMH ca naMeTHHi(H Ha HOBeniKHa 6yHT h rop^ocT (b)k. ct. 22; Koji. 2: 16-23).
flBaTa TJiAroJiA ca b imchbeh aophct hh^hkathb. flajra ctpa/jatejihimt 3AJIOE He HaMeKBa, ne Ha Tax
hm jinncBa pa36npaHe h npaBHjiHa peaicnHa h ne TOBa ce jxbivsm Ha (JDaicra, ne Bor e noMpannji ci>pnaTa hm? Hjih
no-CKopo HMeHHO peineHHeTO hm ^a OTXEtpjiaT CBeTjiHHaTa e 3aKopaBHjio cbpnara hm? (Bac. 10:12-16; II Hape
17:15; EpeM. 2:5; E<J>ec. 4:17-19.)
m „Cfapije" ToBa ci>mecTBHTejiHO ce H3noji3Ba b CTapna 3aBeT ci>c 3HaneHHe Ha najiocTHHH hobck. Ot flpyra
CTpaHa, to necTO Kacae mhcjihtc hjih HyBCTBara Ha HOBeica. Bac. CnEI{HAJIHO noiMTHE at 1:24.
1:22
NASB, NKJV„npeflCTaBsiHKH ce 3a Mtapn, crasaxa rjiynun"
NRSV „TBi>pfleHKH, ne ca Mt^pn, craBaxa rjiynuH"
TEV „TBi>pflsiT, ne ca Mtapn, ho ca rjiynaBH"
JB „kojikoto noBene ce onpeaejisixa KaTO <J)hjioco<J)h, TOJiKOBa no-rjiynaBH CTaBaxa"
npo6jieMi)T jie>KH b ropflocrra Ha xopaTa h b TaxHara caMoyBepeHOCT b coGctbchoto hm 3HaHHe (b>k. I Kop.
1 : 1 8-3 1 ; Koji. 2: 8-23). ToBa Bpi>ma norjie^a ki>m Bhthc 3 rji. 3HaHHeTO flOBe^a ,zio OTHyac^aBaHe h ocbac^emie.
He ne HOBeniKHTe 3HaHHH HenpeMeHHO ca Henjo jiohio. npocTO Te HHKora He ca KpaiiHH!
1:23 Ci>3HaTejiHO HeBeacn, ci>3,ziafleHHTe no Bo>kh o6pa3 xopa (b>k. Bht. 1:26-27; 5:1,3; 9:6) npeBptmar Bora b
3eMHH o6pa3H KaTo:
1 . acHBOTHH (b ErnneT)
2. npnpoaHH chjih (b nepcna)
3. HOBeniKH (J)opMH (b ri>pi(Ha h Phm) - h^ojih! flopn co6cTBeHHTe jiiofle Ha Bora ca ro Btpniejin (b>k.
Btop. 4:15-24).
Hhkoh hobh (JiopMH Ha cbnjHa BHfl rpax ca:
1 . eHBHpoHMeHTajiH3i)M (MaincaTa npnpozia)
2. H3TOHHa MHCbJI „HlO Eh^>k" (MHCTHL(H3'bM, CnHpHTyajIH3'bM, OKyjITH3I)M)
3 . areHCTHneH xyMaHH3i>M (MapKCH3i>M, yTonnaHCTBO, nporpecHBeH nneajiH3 , i>M, Bapa b nocTHaceHHjrra Ha
nojiHTHKaTa)
4. xojiHCTHHHa Me^HHHHa (3a 3^paBe h ^tjirojieTHe)
32
5 . yTonHHHa Bapa b o6pa30BaHHeTO
h „cjiaBa" B>k. CrrnqHAJiHO noroiTHE icbm 3:23
® „cMi>pTeH hobck" B>k. CnEqHAJiHO noroiTHE no-^ojiy.
| CnEUHAJlHO noHHTHE: PA3PyiIIABAM, CBCHIIBAM (PHTHEIRO)
Ochobhoto 3HaneHHe Ha j\ymaTa phtheiro e „pa3pyuiaBaM", „ci>CHnBaM", „noKBapaBaM", „pa3BanaM".
Ta MO>Ke p,a ce H3noji3Ba 3a:
1 . (JDHHaircoB Kpax (Moace 6h bi>b II Kop. 7:2)
2. (J)H3HHecKO yHHmoacaBaHe (b>k. I Kop. 3: 17a)
3. HpaBCTBeHa noKBapa (b^k. Phmji. 1:23; 8:21; I Kop. 15:33,42,50; Tan. 6:8; Oncp. 19:2)
4. ceKcyajiHO npejrbCTaBaHe (b)k. II Kop. 11:3)
5. BenHO yHHmo>KeHHe (b>k. II IleT. 2: 12,19)
6. noKBapeHHTe HOBeiiiKH Tpa^HUHH (b>k. Koji. 2:22; I Kop. 3: 17b)
HecTO TOBa noHjrrae ce cpenja b cbnjHa kohtckct, KaKTO h HeroBHaT aHTOHHM (b>k. Phmji. 1:23; I Kop.
9:25; 15:50,53). OG'tpHeTe BHHMaHHe Ha napanejiHHTe KOHTpacTH Meac^y HaniHTe 3cmhh Tejia h He6ecHHre
Tejia.
1. HeTpanHH cpemy TpanHH, I Kop. 15:42,50
2. 6e3HecTHe cpemy cnaBa, I Kop. 15:43
3 . cjia6ocT cpemy cnjia, I Kop . 15:43
4. ecTecTBeHO tsjio cpemy flyxoBHO tsjio, I Kop. 15:44
5. m>pBH5rr A^aM cpemy nocjie^HHa A^aivi, I Kop. 15:45
6. o6pa3 Ha 3cmhoto cpemy o6pa3 Ha He6ecHoro, I Kop. 15:49
IJHTAT OT BLJirAPCKHfl UPEBOR BEPEH — 1:24-25
3aroBa cnope^ CTpacTHTe Ha CbpuaTa hm Bor rn npep,ap,e Ha HenHCTOTa, 3a p,a ce ono3opaBar TenaTa hm
Meac^y caMHTe Tax - Te, kohto 3aMeHHxa Eo>KHjrra HCTHHa c jrbacara h ce noKjiOHHxa h cjiy>KHxa Ha
TBopeHneTO, BMecTO Ha TBopeua, kohto e 6jiarocjiOBeH p,o Beica. Amhh.
IJHTAT OT AHrjIHHCKHfl nPEBOA NASB — 1 :24-25
24 Therefore God gave them over in the lusts of their hearts to impurity, so that their bodies would be
dishonored among them. 25 For they exchanged the truth of God for a lie, and worshiped and served the
creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed forever. Amen.
1:24, 26, 28 „Bor rn npeaafle" ToBa e b^smtokho HaH-jioiimaT ci>j\. Bor caKain Ka3Ba: „OcTaB3M nanHanoTO
HOBenecTBO j\a npaBH KaKBOTO ch HCica" (b>k. lie. 81:12; Ocna 4:17; fleaHHa 7:42). Cthxobc 23-32 onncBar KaK
Bor OTXEtpjia (BpeMeHeH thjib) e3HnecKHa cbjit h HeroBaTa (h HainaTa) pejiHrH03HOCT! E3HnecTBOTO BHHarn ce e
xapaKTepH3Hpajio c H3BpaTeHOCT, pa3K)3flaHOCT h ceKcyaiiHa eiccnjioaTaiiHa.
1:24 „cbpua" Bjk. CimqHAJIHO noiWTHE no-flOJiy.
| CnEIlHAJIHO nOHHTHE: CBPUETO
TptiiKOTO cbmecTBHTejiHO kctrdict ce H3noji3Ba b CenTyarHHTaTa h b Hobhji 3aBeT KaTO npeBoa Ha
eBpencKaTa ,zryMa leb. Ta ma pa3JiHHHH npHjioaceHHa (b>k. Bauer, Arndt, Gingrich and Danker, A Greek-
English Lexicon, crp. 403-404).
1. HeHTbpi)T Ha (})H3HHecKHa >khbot; MeTa<J)opa 3a HOBeica (b>k. fleamta 14: 17; II Kophhthhh 3:2-3; ^Ikob
5:5)
33
2. UPHTbp'bT Ha flyXOBHHH (HpaBCTBeHHJl) >KHBOT
a. Bor no3HaBa CbpueTO (b>k. JlyKa 16:15; Phmjmhh 8:27; I Kophhtshh 14:25; I Coji. 2:4;
Otkp. 2:23)
b. H3noji3Ba ce 3a ^yxoBHua »chbot Ha HOBeiecTBOTO (b>k. MaT. 15:18-19; 18:35; Phmji. 6: 17; I
Thm. 1:5; II Thm. 2:22; I neT. 1:22)
3. ijeHTbp'bT Ha MHCJiOBHHa >khbot (T.e. HHTejieKTbT, b>k. MaT. 13:15; 24:48; fleamta 7:23; 16:14;
28:27; Phmji. 1:21; 10:6; 16:18; II Kop. 4:6; E<})ec. 1:18; 4:18; ilKOB 1:26; II neT. 1:19; Otkp.
18:7; cbpueTO e chhohhm Ha yvia bt>b II Kop. 3: 14-15 h cDhji. 4:7)
4. HeHTbp-bT Ha >KejiaHH3Ta (T.e. BOJiara, b>k. JJpxmw 5:4; 1 1:23; I Kop. 4:5; 7:37; II Kop. 9:7)
5. ueHTbp'bT Ha eMOHHHre (b>k. MaT. 5:28; JJpxmui 2:26,37; 7:54; 21:13; Phmji. 1:24; II Kop. 2:4;
7:3;E(})ec. 6:22; Ohji. 1:7)
6. yHHKanHO MacTO 3a flCHHOCTra na flyxa (b>k. Phmji. 5:5; II Kop. 1:22; Eaji. 4:6 [T.e. XpncTOC b
cbpijaTa hh; E(J)ec. 3:17])
7. MeTa(J)opa 3a Henna hobck (b>k. MaT. 22:37, iprrar ot BTop. 6:5). Mhcjihtc, mothbhtc h
^eiiCTBHaTa, kohto ce npHnncBaT Ha CbpueTO, Ham>jiHO pa3KpHBaT KaKbB e hobckbt. CTapnaT
3aBeT npnGarBa ,zio hjikoh nopa3HTejiHH ynoTpeGn Ha Ta3H ,zryMa b pa3JiHHHH H3pa3n:
a. Eht. 6:6; 8:21, „Eor e HaTb^ceH b cbpueTO ch" (b>k. ci>mo OcHa 11:8-9)
b. BTop. 4:29; 6:5, „c uajiOTO ch cbpue h c uajiara ch flyiiia"
c. BTop. 10: 16, „Heo6pa3aHO Cbpue" (ci>mo b Phmji. 2:29)
d. E3eK. 18:31-32, „hobo ei>pHe"
e. E3eK. 36:26, „hobo cbpue" cpemy „ci>pHe ot KaMi>K"
1:25 „3aivieHHxa EoaoisiTa HCTHHa c jitacaTa" ToBa MO>Ke ,na ce pa36npa no hjikojiko HaiHHa: (1) icaTO
ce6eo6o>KecTBaBaHe Ha xopaTa (b>k. II Coji. 2:4,1 1); (2) icaTO onHT Ha xopaTa ^a ce noKjiaHaT Ha CBTBopeHOTO -
T.e. noKjiOHeHHe npe^ h^ojihtc (b>k. Hcaa 44:20; EpeM. 13:25; 16:19) bmccto npe^ YHWH, kohto e cbtbophji
bchhkh Henja (b>k. ct. 18-23); hjih (3) KaTO OKOHiarejiHOTO peineHne Ha HOBeiecTBOTO ^a otxbi>pjih HCTHHaTa Ha
6jiaroBecTHeTO (b>k. HoaH 14: 17; I HoaH 2:21,27). Cnope,a KOHreKCTa Haii-jiorHHeH rorjieac^a BapnaHT (2).
H „ce noioiOHHxa h cjiyacHxa" XopaTa BHHarn me ch HMaT 6o>KecTBa. Bchhkh xopa ycemar, ne HaKb^e TaM HMa
H3K0H HJIH HJIKaKBa HCTHHa, HJIH HeHJO OTBtfl CaMHTe T3X.
H „kohto e 6jiarociiOBeH aoBeica. Amhh" IlaBeji H36yxBa b KmeiicKO cjiaBocjiOBne, kocto e ^ocTa xapaKTepHO
3acTHjia My (b^k. Phmji. 9:5; II Kop. 11:31). Ton necTO ce mojih, ^OKaTO nnuie (b>k. 9:5; 11:36; 15:33; 16:27).
m „aoBeKa" B^k. CnEqHAJiHO noroiTHE no-^ojiy.
| CnEUHAJIHO nOHHTHE: flOBEKA (rPLHKH HflHOMH)
HspastT „p,o BeKOBeTe" e rptHicH h^hom (b>k. JlyKa 1:33; Phmji. 1:25; 11:36; 16:27; Ean. 1:5; I Thm.
1:17), kohto BepoaTHO H3pa3aBa eBpeiicKHa 'olam (b)k. Robert B. Girdlestone, Synonyms of the Old
Testament, crp. 319-321). flpyrn cxo^hh H3pa3H ca: ,^o BeKa" (b>k. MaT. 21:19 [MapK 11:14]; JlyKa. 1:55;
HoaH 6:58; 8:35; 12:34; 13:8; 14:16; II Kop. 9:9) h „BeKbT Ha BeKOBeTe" (b>k. E(})ec. 3:21). KaTO ne jih
HaMa acHa pa3JiHKa MOic^y bchhkh Te3H h^homh h ,zryMaTa „BeHHo". CbmecTBHrejiHOTO „BeKOBe" Moace j\a.
Gij^e b mh.h. bi>b (J)HrypaTHBHHa CMHCbJi Ha paBHHCKara rpaMaraHecKa KOHCTpyKHHa, H3BecTHa KaTO
„HapcTBeHO MHO>KecTBeHO hhcjio". Bi>3mo>kho e h ^a ce oraaca 3a KomcpeTHH enoxn b lozieiicKHa cmhcbji
Ha H3pa3HTe „BeKbT Ha HeBHHHOCTTa", „BeKi)T Ha HenecTHeTo", „nziBamHaT bck" h „BeKbT Ha npaB,nara".
® „aMHH" B>k. CnEL(HAJIHO noiMTHE no-AOJiy.
34
I CnEIjHAJIHO IIOHflTHE: AMHH
I. B CTapira 3aeeT
A. .ZJyMara „aMHH" nznm ot eBpeiicKara ,zryMa 3a „HCTHHa" (emeth) hjih „hcthhhoct" (emun,
emuncth) hjih „Bapa/BapHOCT".
B. ETHMOJiornaTa h H^Ba ot CMHCbJia Ha <J)h3hhcckh CTaGnjieH hobck. IlpoTHBonojiTOKHOTO
3HaneHHe 6h Kacaejio hobck, kohto e HeycToiiHHB, xjri>3raB (b>k. BTop. 28:64-67; 38:16; lie. 40:2;
73:18; EpeM. 23:12) hjih jiaGnneH (b>k. lie. 73:2). Ot TOBa 6yKBaiiHO 3HaieHHe ce e pa3BHjia
MeTa<J)opHHHaTa ynoTpe6a etc KOHOTaipia Ha „BapHOCT", „^0CT0BepH0CT", „jk>5ijihoct" h „CHrypHOCT"
(b>k. Eht. 15:16; ABaK. 2:4).
C. CneHHajiHH ynoTpeGn
1 . KOJiOHa, II Hape 1 8 : 1 6 (I Thm. 3:15)
2. yBepeHOCT, H3x. 17:12
3. cojih^hoct, H3x. 17:12
4 . CTaGnjiHOCT, Hcaa 3 3 : 6 ; 3 4 : 5 -7
5. hcthhhoct, I Hape 10:6; 17:24; 22:16; lip. 12:22
6. 3^paBHHa, II JleT. 20:20; Hcaa 7:9
7. GjiaroHaflOK^HOCT (b Topa), lie. 119:43,142,151,168
D. B Orapiia 3aBeT HMa onje flBe eBpeiicKH noHaTHa 3a aKTHBHa Bapa:
1 . bathach - „^OBepHe"
2. yrct - „CTpaxonoHHTaHHe", „noKjiOHeHHe" (b>k. Eht. 22: 12)
E. Ot 3HaneHHeTO Ha „AOBepHe" h ^jiaroHaAOK^HOCT" ce e pa3BHjia jnnyprHHHa ynoTpe6a, kojito
noTBtp^K^aBa HCTHHHOCTTa Ha Heine H3Ka3BaHe hjih TBtp^eHHe (b3k. BTop. 27:15-26; HeeM. 8:6; lie.
41:13; 72:19; 89:52; 106:48).
F. EorocjiOBCKHjrr kjiioh ki>m Ta3H ,zryMa e He HOBeniKara 6jiaroHaAe>KflHOCT, a BepHocrra Ha YHWH
(b>k. H3x. 34:6; BTop. 32:4; FIc. 108:4; 115:1; 117:2; 138:2). E^HHCTBeHara HaziOK^a Ha nanHanoTO
HOBenecTBO e 3aBeTHaTa mhjioct h bjiphoct YHWH h CHrypHOCira Ha HeroBHTe o6emaHHa.
Ohc3h, kohto no3HaBaT YHWH, Tpa6Ba p,a npHjiHiar Ha Hero (b>k. ABaK. 2:4). EnGjiHara e
HCTopnaTa h onncaHHe Ha HaiHHa, no kohto Eor Bi>3CTaHOB5iBa Cbos o6pa3 (b»c. Eht. 1:26-27) b
xopaTa. CnaceHneTO Bi>3Bp'i>ma y HOBeKa cnoco6HOCTTa j\2l HMa 6jih3ko o6meHHe c Eora. A hmchho 3a
TOBa CMe h 6hjih ci>3,zia,zieHH.
II. B Hobhh 3aeeT
A. YnoTpeGaTa Ha flyMara „aMHH" KaTO noTBtp^aBaHe Ha AOCTOBepHocrra Ha Ka3aHOTO, e
xapaKTepHa 3a Hobhji 3aBeT (b>k. I Kop. 14: 16; II Kop. 1:20; Orap. 1:7; 5: 14; 7: 12).
B. YnoTpeGara Ha .zryMara Karo 3aBi>pineK Ha MOJiHTBa e xapaKrepHO b Hobhji 3aBeT (b)k. Phmji.
1:25; 9:5; 11:36; 16:27; Fan. 1:5; 6:18; E<})ec. 3:21; 0>hji. 4:20; II Coji. 3:18; I Fhm. 1:17; 6:16; II
Fhm. 4:18).
C. Hcyc e e^HHCTBeHHaT, kohto H3noji3Ba TOBa noiiaTHe (necTO yaBoeHO b HoaH), 3a ^a BtBOic^a
3HanHMH H3peHeHHa (b>k. JlyKa 4:24; 12:37; 18:17,29; 21:32; 23:43)
D. H3noji3Ba ce KaTO HMe Ha Hcyc b Otkpobchhc 3:14 (Moace 6h KaTO THTjia Ha YHWH ot Hcaa
65:16).
E. Pa36HpaHeTO 3a bjiphoct h GjiaroHaflOKflHOCT ce H3pa3aBa h npe3 rptHKara .zryivia pistos or pistis,
KoaTO o6hkhobcho ce npeBOK^a KaTO „Bapa" hjih „flOBepHe".
UHTAT OT BBJirAPCKHfl UPEBOR BEPEH— 1:26-27
3aTOBa Eor rn npcziazje Ha cpaMHH CTpacTH — 3amoTO h aceHHre hm 3aMeHHxa ecTecTBeHOTO CHOineHHe c
npoTHBoecTecTBeHO. Gi>mo TaKa h wb^Kere, KaTO ocTaBHxa ecTecTBeHOTO CHOineHHe c )KeHara, ce pa3najiHxa b
noxoiTa ch e^HH kbm ,zrpyr, BtpineiiKH 6e3o6pa3He Mi>>Ke c Mbwie, h npneiviaxa b ce6e ch sacnyaceHara OTnjiaTa
3a CBoaTa 3a6jiy^a.
35
IJHTAT OT AHrjIHHCKHfl IIPEBOA NASB — 1 :26-27
26 For this reason God gave them over to degrading passions; for their women exchanged the natural
function for that which is unnatural, 27 and in the same way also the men abandoned the natural function of
the woman and burned in their desire toward one another, men with men committing indecent acts and
receiving in their own persons the due penalty of their error.
1:26,27 XoMOceiccyajiHOCTTa e e^HH ot npHMepHre 3a >khbot, OTKbCHar ot OHeBHflHara BOJia Ha Bora 3a
TBopeHHeTO („yMH05KaBaHTe ce"). To e rpax h e rojiaM KyjiTypeH npo6jieM KaKTO (1) b OrapHa 3aBeT (b>k. JleB.
18:22; 20: 13; BTop. 23: 18) h (2) b rptKO-iOAeiicKHa cbst (b>k. I Kop. 6:9; I Thm. 1:10); Taica h (3) b Hanm ^hh.
XoMOceKcyajiHOCTra MO>Ke 6h ce H36poaBa KaTO e^HH ot npHMepirre 3a naflHajraa >khbot, noHeace uejraaT
KOHTeKCT b Te3H CTHxoBe cbffbpwia npenpaTKH KbM Bhthc 1-3 raaBH. Hobckbt e HanpaBeH no o6pa3 Ha Bora (b>k.
Bht. 1:26-27; 5:1,3; 9:6). CbTBopeH e 3a ci>io3 Meac^y Mtaca h aceHara (b»c. Bht. 1:27). Bor hm ^aBa 3anoBe,a j\a.
ce yMHOKaBar (b>k. Bht. 1:28; 9: 1,7). Ho nafleHHeTO Ha HOBeKa b Bhthc 3 rji. HapyinaBa njiaHa h BOJiaTa Ha Bora.
XoMOceKcyanHOCTTa e ohcbh^ho H3BpameHHe Ha m>pBOHaHajiHHa 3aMHCbJi Ha Cts^aTejia! Tpa6Ba ^a
noAHepTaeM 06ane ne to He e eflHHCTBeHHaT rpax, noconeH b HacroamHa kohtckct (b»c. ct. 29-31). Bchhkh
rpexoBe noKa3BaT kojiko OT^ejieH e hobckbt ot Bora h kojiko mhoto 3acjiyacaBa HaKa3aHHC BceKH e^HH rpax -
oco6eHO TpaHHHaT, >khtchckh rpax - e npoTHBeH Ha Bora.
| CnEUHAJiHO noHHTHE: XOMOCEKCyAJIHOCT"
Jifiec HMa orpoMeH KyjiTypeH HaTHCK p,a npneMeM XoMOceKcyanHOCTTa KaTO onpaB^aH anTepHaTHBeH
cthji Ha acHBeeHe. EnGjinaTa o6ane a oct^a KaTO pa3pyniHTejiHa h KaTeropHHHO nocoHBa, ne TaKbB
HanHH Ha >khbot e h3bt>h BOJiaTa Ha Bora 3a HeroBOTO TBopeHne.
1. XoMOceKcyanHOCTTa roonanaBa 3anoBeflTa ot Bhthc 1 rji. p,a ce njio^aT h p,a ce yMHoacaBaT.
2. Ta xapaKTepH3npa e3HHecKOTO noKjiOHeHHe h KyjiTypa (b>k. JleB. 18:22; 20: 13; Phmji. 1:26-27; lO^a
7 CT.).
3. Ta pa3KpnBa ce6HHHa He3aBHCHMOCT cnpaMO Bora (b>k. I Kop. 6:9-10).
Ot flpyra CTpaHa, npe^H j\a npHKjiiOHHM c Ta3H Teivia, Heica p,a nocona kojiko MHoro Bor oGnna
6yHTOBHHTe HOBeniKH cbmecTBa h kojiko nbjiHOHeHHO hm ^aBa nponiKa. XpncTHaHHTe HaMaT npaBO j\a ce
A^pacaT c OMpa3a h aporanraocT kbm to3h KOHKpeTeH Bna rpax, oco6cho KoraTO e TOJiKOBa ohcbh^ho, ne
TOBa e rpax. Mojihtbhtc, 3arpn>KeHOCTTa, cbh^ctcjictboto h cbCTpa^aHHeTO nocraraT ^ajien noBene b
Ta3H c<J)epa, otkojikoto apocTHOTO H3o6jiHHaBaHe h ocKac^aHC BoacneTO Cjiobo h HeroBHaT JJyx caMH me
nocTHraaT H3o6jiHHeHHe, aKO hm ro no3BOJiHM. Bchhkh CBT>p3aHH etc ceKca rpexoBe ca Mep30CT npe,a
Bora h Bo^aT ^o oeb^K^effiie. CeKcyajiHocira e flap ot Bora 3a flo6pyBaHeTO h panocira Ha HOBeKa h 3a
CTa6HjiHOCTTa Ha o6mecTBOTO. Ho Ta3H Mon>ma HaKjioHHOCT, ^apeHa hh cbhhic, necTO ce npeBp^ma b
6yHTOBHO, eroHCTHHHO, xeflOHHCTHHHO h ce6eHeHrpHHHO OTHOineHHe (b>k. Phmji. 8: 1-8; Tan. 6:7-8).
1:28-32
IJHTAT OT BLJirAPCKHfl UPEBOR BEPEH — 1:28-32
28
H noHe>Ke Te OTKa3axa p,a no3HaBaT Bora, Bor rn npeflafle Ha pa3BpaTeH yM - p,a BtpinaT TOBa, kocto He e
npHjiHHHO, HsntjiHeHH c BcaKaKbB BHfl HenpaB^a, 6jiyflCTBO, nopoHHOCT, anHHOCT, 3Jio6a; hi>jihh etc 3aBHCT,
y6HHCTBO, CBaflJIHBOCT, H3MaMa H 3JIOHaMepeHOCT; KJIIOKapH, KJICBeTHHHH, 6orOHCHaBHCTHHHH, HaxajIHH,
ropflejiHBH, caMoxBajmn, H3o6peTaTejiH Ha 3jihhh, HenoKopHH Ha poflHrejiHre ch, 6e3pa3ci>flHH, BepojiOMHH,
6e3 ecTecTBeHa o6hh, h6mhjiocthbh; kohto, npn Bee ne 3HaaT BoacneTO nocTaHOBjieHHe, ne Te3H, kohto
BtpinaT TaKHBa pa6oTH, 3acjiyacaBaT cmt>pt, He caMO rn BtpinaT, ho h oflo6paBaT OHe3H, kohto th BtpinaT.
IJHTAT OT AHrjIHHCKHfl nPEBOA NASB — 1 :28-32
28 And just as they did not see fit to acknowledge God any longer, God gave them over to a depraved
mind, to do those things which are not proper, 29 being filled with all unrighteousness, wickedness, greed,
evil; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, malice; they are gossips, 30 slanderers, haters of God, insolent,
36
arrogant, boastful, inventors of evil, disobedient to parents, without understanding, untrustworthy,
unloving, unmerciful; 32 and although they know the ordinance of God, that those who practice such things
are worthy of death, they not only do the same, but also give hearty approval to those who practice them.
1:28-31 B opHrHHanHHH rptHKH TOBa e e^HO hjmo H3peieHHe. To xapaKrepronpa 6yHTOBHOTO, na^Hano b rpax h
Tbpcemo He3aBHCHMOCT HOBenecTBO (b>k. Phmji. 13:13; I Kop. 5:11, 6:9; Tan. 5:19-21; E(J)ec. 5:5; I Thm. 1:10;
Otkp. 21:8).
TpextT Ha xopaTa e, ne ce onHTBaT p,a Ttporr ci>mecTByBaHe OT^ejiHO ot Bora. KpaHHara Tonica Ha TOBa
TbpceHe e A^tT. He3aBHCHMOCTTa ot Bora e ci>BceM peanHa Tparcuna! XopaTa ce Hy^aaT ot Bora h ca
H3ry6eHH, HeafleKBaraH h HenbjiHOHeHHH OT^ejiHO ot Hero. Han-jioinoTO Ha BenHHa A,a e TOBa, ie npncbCTBHeTO
Ha Bora HaMa p,a 6"bp,e Taivi!
| CnEUHAJlHO noHHTHE: IIOPOIJH H ^OBPOAETEJIH B HOBHfl 3 ABET
1
B Hobhji 3aBeT
Ca 06HHaHHH CnHCbHH KaKTO
c floGpo^eTejiH, TaKa h c nopoini. HecTO Te OTpa3aBar
Bene ci>mecTByBamH paBHHCKH hjih ejiHHHCTHHHH H36poaBaHHa. Hobhjit 3aBeT npe^jiara pe^HHa cnHCi>HH
c B3anMHO KOHTpacTHH nopoipi h ^o6poAeTejiH:
IIopOUH
JIoSpoaeTejiH
1 . IlaBeji
Phmji. 1:28-32
—
Phmji. 13:13
Phmji. 2:9-21
I Kop. 5:9-11
—
I Kop. 6:10
I Kop. 6:6-9
II Kop. 12:20
II Kop. 6:4-10
Tan. 5:19-21
Tan. 5:22-23
E(})ec. 4:25-32
—
E(J)ec. 5:3-5
—
—
<Dhji. 4:8-9
Koji. 3:5,8
Koji. 3:12-14
I Thm. 1:9-10
—
I Thm. 6:4-5
—
II Thm. 2:22a,23
II Thm. 2:22b,24
Tht 1:7,3:3
Tht 1:8-9; 3:1-2
2. Acob
JIkob 3:15-16
JIkob 3:17-18
3 . IleTbp
IIIeT. 4:3
I neT. 4:7-11
IineT. 1:9
IIIIeT. 1:5-8
4. HoaH
Otkp. 21:8
—
Otkp. 22:15
—
1:28-29 „pa3BpaTeH yivi" OHOBa, kocto nanHaraiHT hobck Birac^a KaTO CBo6o^a, bcbhihoct e noKjiOHeHHe Ha
caMHa ce6e ch. B cthxobc 24,26,28 arenrbT Ha CTPA^ATEJUDM 3AJIor ohcbh^ho e Bor, ho b to3h kohtckct
Bpi)3KaTa e c Bhthc 1-3 rji. h ohcbh^ho ABH^cemaTa cnjia e b peineHHeTO Ha HOBeKa j\a ce ynoBaBa Ha CBonre
no3HaHHa h Ha caMHa ce6e ch. OiraM H^Ba npoGjieMtT. Bor ^onycKa HeroBHTe TBopeHHa p,a noHecaT
nocjie^CTBHaTa ot co6cTBeHHTe ch peineHHa j\a TtpcaT caMOCToaTejiHOCT.
a „H3ni>jiHeHH" Ta3H AyMa e iepoektho ctpa^atejiho iipipiacthe. XopaTa ca ronbjiHeHH c OHOBa, Koe™ rn
3aHHMaBa. PaBHHHTe ca yiejm, ne bi>b bcjiko HOBeuiKO ctpue ma no e^no nepHO (3Jio) Kyne h no e^no 6ajio
(Ao6po) Kyne (yetzer). Ot thx pacTe h HapacTBa OHOBa, KoeTO xpaHHM Haii-HecTO.
37
1:29-31 Eto th nocjie^CTBUHTa h CHMnroMHre Ha >KHBOTa 6e3 Bora, xapaicrepHH 3a OHe3H xopa h oGhjhocth,
kohto cb3HaTejiHO oxxB^pjiaT 6H6jieHCKHa Eor. IlaBeji hh npe^ocTaBa h flpyrn ciraebirH c rpexoBe (b>k. I Kop.
5:11; 6:9; II Kop. 12:20; Tan. 5:19-21; E$ec. 4:31; 5:3-4; Koji. 3:5-9).
1:30 „HaxajiHH" B>k. CnEIJHAJTHO IIOHilTHE no-flOJiy.
| Ciieiihajiho noHHTHE: CJIO^CHH JSyMW C IIPEflCTABKATA „HUPER-"
IlaBeji e HMan oco6eHa cjia6ocT j\a H3KOBaBa hobh .zryMH c rptHicara npe^CTaBica huper, kojito
ochobho 03HanaBa „Han" hjih „rope". KoraTO ce cpenja c EEHETHB (AEJIATHB), th 03HanaBa „ot hmcto
Ha". Mo>Ke Cbmo TaKa p,a hoch 3HaHeHHeTO „othocho", hoao6ho Ha npeflcraBKara peri (b>k. II Kop. 8:23;
II Coji. 2:1). KoraTO ce cpenja c AKY3ATHB, th 03HanaBa „OTrope", „CBp , bx" hjih „otbi>,zi" (b^k. A. T.
Robertson, A Grammar of the Greek New Testament in the Light of Historical Research, CTp. 625-633).
KoraTO ITaBeji ncica ^a nofliepTae fla^eHO noHaTHe, toh necTO e npnGarBaji j\o Ta3H nPE/JCTABKA,
o6pa3yBaHKH ot Hea HOBa ,zryMa.
Eto cnncbK Ha IlaBjiOBH .zjyMH c nPE/JCTABKATA huper.
A. Hapax legomenon (cpemamn ce e^HHCTBeHO b Hobhs 3aBeT)
1. Huperakmos, otb-b^ 3pajiaTa Bi>3pacT, I Kop. 7:36
2. Huperauxano, HanBHinaBaM 3HaHHrejiHO, II Coji. 1:3
3. Huperbaino, npecTMiBaM, I Coji. 4:6
4. Huperkeina, otb^, II Kop. 10:16
5. Huper ekteina, npocrapaM ce otb-b^, II Kop. 10: 14
6. Huper entugchano, 3acn>nBaM ce, Phmji. 8:26
7. Hupernikao, CBpi>xno6e>KflaBaM, Phmji. 8:37
8. Huperpleonazo, CBpi>xH3o6HjiCTBaM, I Thm. 1: 14
9. Huperupsoo, CBpi>xB'i)3,zrHraM, Ohji. 2:9
10. Huperphroneo, CBptxyivryBaM, Phmji. 12:3
B. A>mh, kohto ce cpemar caMO b nncMaTa Ha IlaBeji.
1. Huperairomai , npeBtSHacaM ce, II Kop. 12:7; II Coji. 2:4
2. Huperballontos , npeKOMepHO, II Kop. 1 1:23 (caMO TyK e HAPE^HE, floicaro bi>b II Kop. 3:10;
9:14;E(})ec. 1:19; 2:7; 3:19 eEJlAEOJl)
3. Huperbole, hskjhohhtcjiho, npeicajieHO, CBptx cnjiHTe, Phmji. 7:13; I Kop. 12:31; II Kop.
1:8; 4:7,17; 12:7; Eau. 1:13
4. Huper ekperissou, H3Bi>HMepHO, E(J)ec. 3:20; I Coji. 3: 10; 5: 13
5. Huperlian, npeB , i>3xozieH, II Kop. 1 1:5; 12: 1 1
6. Huperoche, npeicpacHOCT, H3pa^HOCT, I Kop. 2: 1; I Thm. 2:2
7. Huperperisseuo, npeyMHO^caBaM, Phmji. 5:20 (b CPE/JEH 3AJIOE, ^a ce npeyMHO>KaBaM, %a
npejiHBaM, II Kop. 7:4)
C. A>'MH, H3nOJI3BaHH OT IlaBeji H pflflKO OT AP>TH HOB03aBeTHH aBTopn.
1. Huperano, ^ajien Ha^, E(J)ec. 1:21; 4:10 (h b EBp. 9:5)
2. Huperecho, iipeB'i>3xo,ziCTBO, Phmji. 13:1; <J>hji. 2:3; 3:8; 4:7 (h b IIleT. 2:13)
3. Huper ephanos , HaflMeHeH, BHCOKOMepeH, Phmji. 1:30; II Thm. 3:2 (h b Jlyica 1:51; .Skob 4:6;
ineT. 5:5).
IlaBeji e hobck Ha tojicmh CTpacra. B HeroBHa peiHHic KoraTO hjikoh hjih Henjo e Ao6po, to e me-bpde
Ao6po; a KoraTO e jiohio, e me-bpde jiohio. nPE/JCTABKATA huper no3BOJiaBa Ha aBTopa %& H3pa3aBa cbocto
KaTeropHHHO craHOBHme 3a rpexa, 3a ce6e ch, 3a XpncToc h 3a 6jiaroBecTHeTO.
1:32 „kohto BtpuiaT TaKnea pa6oTH, sacjiyacaeaT cmi>pt" ToBa TBtp^eHHe e exo ot 3aicoHa Ha MoiiceH. To
ce o6o6maBa b Phmjmhh 6:16,21,23; 8:6,13. CMtpira e tohho o6paTHOTO Ha OHOBa, kocto >Kejiae h kocto e Eor
(bx. EseK. 18:32; I Thm. 2:4; II neT. 3:9).
38
11 „He CaMO TH BtpUiaT, HO H 0fl06pSIBaT OHC3H, KOHTO TH BtpiIiaT" HemaCTHCTO 06lMa KOMnaHHHTa.
riamrajiHTe b rpax xopa H3noji3BaT rpexa Ha okojihhtc, 3a j\& ce onpaB,naBaT: „E, bchhkh ro npaBjrr." UejiH
KyjiTypn ce xapaKTepn3HpaT c fla^eH KOHKpeTeH rpax, yMHO>KaBaH ot o6mecTBOTo!
BLIIPOCH 3A OECB^K^AHE
To3H KOMeHTap e caMO p^kobojctbo 3a H3ynaBaHe. ToBa 03HanaBa, ne Bne caMH Hocnre OTroBopHOCT 3a
HanHHa, no kohto TbjiKyBaTe EnGjinaTa. BceKH ot Hac Tpa6Ba j\a xoan b CBeTjiHHaTa, koato My e ^aneHa.
IlpHopHTeT npn HHrepnpeTaHHjrra ere caMHjrr BHe, BainaTa Eh6jihji h CBeiTDrr Jfyx. He 6nBa ^a npexBtpjiaTe
Ta3H OTrOBOpHOCT Ha kohto Hflae KOMeHrarop.
HacToamHTe B^npocn 3a oGcb^aHe uejiaT p,a bh nozinoMorHar ^a o6MHCJiHTe ocHOBHHTe tcmh b to3h
pa3Aeji Ha nocjiaHHeTO. Uejrra hm e j\& npe,aH3BHKaT mhcjih, a He j\& fla^aT icpaHHH OTroBopn.
1 . 3amo IlaBeji nnine p,o pHMCKaTa HtpKBa?
2. 3amo Phmjijihh nrpae TOJiKOBa Ba^KHa 6orocjiOBCKa pojia 3a xphcthjihctboto?
3 . OnepTanTe 1 : 1 8-3 :20 c Bainn co6ctbchh ffyMn.
4. XopaTa, kohto HHKora He ca HyBajra 6jiaraTa bcct, me 6"bp,aT jih OTXEtpjieHH 3apa£H TOBa, ne He ca
npnejiH XpncTOC?
5. 06acHeTe pa3JiHKaTa Meac^y „ecTecTBeHOTO OTKpoBeHHe" h „cneHHajiHOTO OTKpoBeHHe".
6. OnnineTe HOBeniKHa >khbot 6e3 Bora.
7. Cthxobc 24-27 anpecnpar jih B^npoca 3a xoMOceKcyajiH3Ma?
39
Phmjihhh 2 rjiaea
PA3AEJIEHHA nO AE3AHH B CBBPEMEHHHTE nPEBO^H
UBS 4
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
JB
IIpaBe/iHOTO
octxc/iaHe Ha Bora
BoxcneTO npaBe/iHO
octxc/iaHe
EBpeHTe
noA octxc/iaHe
EoxcneTO octxc/iaHe
EBpeHTe ca
ocBo6o/ieHH ot rpexa
2:1-16
2:1-16
2:1-11
2:1-16
2:1-11
EBpeilTe H 3aKOH1>T
EBpeHTe, BHHOBHH
KaTO e3HHHHHHTe
OCHOBH
Ha octxc/iaHeTO
EBpeHTe H 3aKOHBT
(2:17-3:8)
3aKOHtT HHMa
j\& rn cnacH
2:12-16
2:12-16
2:17-3:8
2:17-24
2:17-24
2:17-24
2:17-24
06pa3BaHeTO
He e ot non3a
06pa3BaHeTO
HMMa j\a rn cnacH
2:25-29
2:25-29
2:25-29
2:25-29
nPOHHT HA TPETH HHKBJI (bsk. CTp. ix)
IIPOCJIEffXBAHE HA ABTOPCKOTO HAMEPEHME HA HHBO AE3AH,H
To3h KOMeHTap e caMO pt>kobo,zictbo 3a H3ynaBaHe. ToBa 03HanaBa, ne BHe caMH Hocnre OTroBopHOCT 3a
HanHHa, no kohto TbjiKyBaTe EnGjinaTa. BceKH ot Hac Tpa6Ba j\a xoan b CBeTjiHHaTa, koato My e ^aneHa.
IlpHopHTeT npn HHTepnpeTau;HHTa ere caMHaT BHe, BainaTa Bh6jihh h CBeTHaT Jlyx. He 6nBa j\a. npexBtpjiaTe
Ta3H OTroBopHOCT Ha kohto H/jae KOMeHrarop.
nponeTeTe raaBaTa Ha e^HH p,t>x. Onpe^ejieTe TeMHTe. CtnocTaBeTe BaineTO TeMaTHHHO pas^ejieHHe c
neire CBBpeMeHHH npeBO^a no-rope. Pa3^ejiaHeTO Ha a63aiiH He e B^txHOBeHO ot Bora, ho e kjiiohobo 3a
npocjieflflBaHeTO Ha aBTopcKOTO HaMepeHHe. A hmchho TOBa e b cbpneBHHara Ha HHTepnpeTHpaHeTO. BceKH
a63ai( HMa e^Ha e^HHCTBeHa Teivia.
1 . HbpBH a63ai(
2. Btoph a63ai(
3 . TpeTH a63ai(
4. Ht.h.
HAEJIIOAEHHfl BBPXY KOHTEKCTA Ha PHMJIflHH 2:1-3:20
A. TjiaBH 2 h 3 ca nacT ot e^HO jiHTepaTypHO na.no, KoeTO 3anoHBa b 1:18. To3h pa3,aeji ce 3aHHMaBa c:
1. nafleHHeTO Ha najiOTO HOBenecTBo;
2. BoacHaTa npncb^a 3a rpexa;
3. Hy^Kflara Ha HOBenecTBOTO ot EoKHjrra npaB^a npe3 XpncTOC nocpe^CTBOM jiHHHara Bapa h
noKaaHne.
40
B. B raaBa 2 HMa ce^eM npHHHHna, OTHacanjH ce p,o EoacHeTO octayiaHe
1 . cthx 2, cnopefl HCTHHaTa;
2. cthx 5, HarpynaHa BHHa;
3 . CTHxoBe 6 h 7, cnope,a flejiaTa;
4. cthx 1 1, He rjie^a Ha jraue
5. cthx 13, HanHH Ha >khbot;
6. cthx 16, TanHHTe Ha HOBeiiiKOTO ebpue;
7. CTHxoBe 17-19, HaMa cneHHajiHH HauHOHanHH rpynn.
B. Hivia mhcto ^HCKycHH cpe,a KOMeHTaropHre othocho a^pecara Ha 2:1-17. Ohcbh^ho e, ne 2:12-19 ce
oraaca 3a eBpenTe.
C. CTHxoBe 1-17 HMar 3a ueji p,a roBopaT KaKTO Ha MopanHH c3hhhhhh KaTO CeHexa (o6mecTBeHH
hopmh), Taxa h Ha eBpencKaTa HauHa (MoficeeBHa 3aicoH).
D. B 1:18-21 IlaBeji tbt>p^h, ne xopaTa MoraT j\a no3HaaT Bor npe3 TBopeHHeTO. B 2:14-15 IlaBeji ci>mo
3aaB3Ba, ne bchhkh xopa HMaT BtTpenma MopajiHa cbBecT, fla^eHa ot Bor. Te3H CBH^eTejra,
TBopeHHeTO h cbBecira ca ocHOBa 3a BoacneTO octayiaHe Ha uajioTO HOBenecTBO, ^opn Ha OHe3H,
kohto He ca 3ano3Hara etc C3 hjih BjiaraTa bcct. XopaTa ca OTroBopHH, 3amoTO He ca acHBejra cnope,a
HaH-^o6paTa CBeTjiHHa, kohto ca HMann.
H3CJIE^BAHE HA ^YMH H G>PA3H
HHTAT OT BBJirAPCKHfl nFEBORBEPEH — 2:1-11
3aTOBa th ch 6e3 H3BHHeHHe, o, HOBene, kohto h p,a. ch th, kohto cbjsyan, 3amoTO b KaKBOTO cb^hhi
flpyrna, ce6e ch ocbac^am, noHeace th, kohto chjjjmi, Btpinnin cbHjOTO. A 3HaeM, ne EoacnaT a>j\ e cnope^
HCTHHaTa Btpxy Te3H, kohto BtpinaT TaKHBa pa6oTH. H th, HOBene, kohto cbjxam OHe3H, kohto BtpinaT TaKHBa
pa6oTH, mhcjihhi jih, He me H36erHein Eoacna a>j\, KaTO Btpiimni h th ci>moTO? Hjih npe3Hpain 6oraTCTBOTO Ha
HeroBara 6jiarocT, TbpnejiHBOCT h .zrbjiroTbpneHHe, 6e3 ^a 3Haein, ne EoacnaTa 6jiarocT Te bo^h kbm noKaaHHe?
Ho c ynopcTBOTO ch h HenoKaaHOTO ch ctpue Tpynain Ha ce6e ch rHaB 3a fleHa Ha raeBa, KoraTO me ce OTKpne
cnpaBeAJiHBHaT cbj\ Ha Bora, kohto me OTnjiara Ha BceKHro cnope,a ^enaTa My: BeneH aaraoT Ha Te3H, kohto c
nocToaHCTBO b ^o6pH flejia TbpcaT cjiaBa, nonecT h GescMtprae; h rHaB h Hero^yBaHHe Ha OHe3H, kohto ca
ce6ejno6HBH h He ce noKopaBaT Ha HCTHHaTa, a ce noKopaBar Ha HenpaB^ara; CKptG h HeBOJia Ha BcaKa
HOBeniKa flynia, KoaTO Btpum 3jio - m>pBO Ha KmeHHa, nocjie h Ha rbpKa; a cjiaBa h nonecT, h mhp Ha bcckh,
kohto BtpuiH ^o6po - m>pBO Ha KweHHa, nocjie h Ha rc>pKa. noHeace Bor He rjie^a Ha jiHue.
HHTAT OT AHrjIHHCKHfl nPEBORNASB — 2:1-11
'Therefore you have no excuse, everyone of you who passes judgment, for in that which you judge
another, you condemn yourself; for you who judge practice the same things. 2 And we know that the
judgment of God rightly falls upon those who practice such things. 3 But do you suppose this, O man, when
you pass judgment on those who practice such things and do the same yourself, that you will escape the
judgment of God? 4 Or do you think lightly of the riches of His kindness and forbearance and patience, not
knowing that the kindness of God leads you to repentance? 5 But because of your stubbornness and
unrepentant heart you are storing up wrath for yourself in the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous
judgment of God, 6 who will render to each person according to his deeds: 7 to those who by
perseverance in doing good seek for glory and honor and immortality, eternal life; 8 but to those who are
selfishly ambitious and do not obey the truth, but obey unrighteousness, wrath and indignation. 9 77*ere will
be tribulation and distress for every soul of man who does evil, of the Jew first and also of the Greek, 10 but
glory and honor and peace to everyone who does good, to the Jew first and also to the Greek. u For there is
no partiality with God.
2:1
41
NASB „HHMaTe hsbhhchhc, bchhkh me mhhctc noa 3aK0Ha"
NKJV „hhkoh He e h3bhhch, o, HOBene, koh ch, 3a aa ctflHui"
NRSV „KaKBHTO h aa ere, HsiiviaTe H3BHHeHHe, KoraTO ctflHTe apyrHTe"
TEV „HHMaTe a6cojiK)THO HHKaKBO H3BHHeHne, ho cbflHre apyrHTe"
JB „H5uvia 3HaneHHe koh CTe, 6e3 H3BHHeHne bchhkh me 6i>aeTe octaeHH"
HspastT 6yKBajiHO 03HaiaBa „HaMa 3aKOHHa 3amHTa" (b>k. 1:20 ct.). Toh e b HaiajiOTO Ha rptuKOTO
H3peneHHe, 3a p,a nofliepTae HeroBOTO 3HaieHHe. Cthxobc 1-16 rorjioic^a ce oraacaT, KaKTO kt>m
ce6enpaBeflHHTe eBpeficKH jieranHCTH, Taica h kt>m rptuKHre MopanHCTH. CbfleiiKH flpyrnre, Te ocb^c^aT caMH
ce6e ch.
2:2 „HHe 3Haeivi" ToBa MECTOHMEHHE Moace 6h e HaconeHO kt>m ci>6paTaTa eBpen, B^npeKH ne 6h Morjio ^a
ce oraaca h ^o xpHeraaHHTe. B cthxobc 2-4 IlaBeji ce Bpi>ma kt>m no3Haraa ch noxBaT - Bi>npocH h OTroBopn -
H3o6jiHHHTejiHa pen, icoaTO npe^CTaBa HCTHHaTa c noMonjTa Ha npe^nojiaraeM Bi>3pa3HTeji. GbmnaT e H3noji3BaH
ot ABaxyM, Manaxna, paBHHHre, KaKTO h ot rptuKHTe (Jdhjiocoijdh (KaTO CoxpaT h ctohhhtc).
<l>pa3aTa „HHe 3HaeM TOBa"ce ynoTpe6aBa hjikojiko m>TH b Phmji3hh (b>k. 2:2; 3:19; 7:14; 8:22,28). IlaBeji
flonycica, ne HeroBHTe cjiyinaTejiH npHTeacaBar HaicaKBO hhbo Ha 3HaHHe, 3a pa3JiHica ot aMopajiHHTe c3hhhhl(h b
m>pBa rjiaBa.
H „oci>5KflaHeTO Ha Bora" BnGjinaTa e acHa othocho Ta3H HCTHHa. Bcckh hobck me ^aBa othct npe,a Bor 3a
flapa Ha ^KHBOTa ( b^k. ct. 5-9; MaT. 25:3 1-46; Oricp. 20: 1 1-15). flopn h xpHCTHaffirre me 3acTaHaT npe,a XpncTOC
(bhc. 14:10-12; II Kop. 5:10).
2:3 TpaMaTHHecKaTa (J)opMa Ha IlaBjiOBHTe peTopHHHH Bi>npocH oiaicBa OTpnuaTejieH OTroBop.
H „mhcjihui jih" ToBa e rptipcHaT raaroji logizomcti. IlaBeji ro H3noji3Ba necTO (Phmji. 2:3,26; 3:28; 4:3, 4, 5, 6,
8, 9, 10, 11, 22, 23, 24; 6:11; 8:18, 36; 9:8; 14:14; Tan. 3:6 h ^eceT m>TH b I h II KopmrraHH, h ^Ba m>TH bi>b
Ohjihuhhh). Bac. 6ejieacKH 3a 4:3 h 8: 18.
11 „o, HOBene" ToBa ci>OTBeTCTBa Ha ci>mHa hzjhom b 1 cthx. B 9:20 H3pa3T)T ce oraaca ^o eBpeHTe.
2:4 B rpi)HKHJi opHrHHan H3peneHHeTO ci>mo e B^npocHTejiHO.
H „HeroBaTa SoraTa SjiarocT, TbpnejiHBOCT h fltjiroTtpneHHe" XopaTa necTO He pa36npaT Bo>KHaTa
Gjiaro^aT, mhjioct h TbpneHHe h ce Bi>3noji3BaT ot Hea, 3a j\a rpemaT, BMecTO j\a ce noicaaT (b>k. II IleT. 3:9).
IlaBeji ne cto onncBa aTpn6yTHTe HaBoraKaTO „6oraTCTBOTO Ha" (b>k. 9:23; 11:33; Koji. 1:27; E(J)ec. 1:7,18;
2:4,7; 3:8,16; (Dhji. 4:19).
H „BOflH Te KbM noKasiHHe" rioicaaHHeTO e ot pemaBamo 3HaieHHe 3a 3aBeTHaTa Bpi>3Ka c Bora (b>k. MaT. 3:2;
4:17; Mapic 1:15; 6:12; Jlyica 13:3,5; ,H,eaHHa 2:38; 3:16,19; 20:21). .HyMara Ha eBpencKH 03HanaBa npoMaHa Ha
^encTBHeTO, ^oicaTO b rptuicHa - npoMaHa Ha yMa. rioicaaHHeTO e totobhoct 3a npoMaHa ot CBCToaHHeTO Ha
erou;eHTpHHHOCT kt>m >khbot, ocHrypeH h ynpaBjiaBaH ot Bora. To nprooBaBa kt>m OTBpi>maHe ot npnopHTeTHTe
h npHCTpacTHaTa Ha cc6hhhoto „a3". B ocHOBaTa ch TOBa e e^HO hobo OTHOineHHe, hob CBeTorjie^, hob
rocno^ap. rioicaaHHeTO e EroKHjrra Bona 3a bchko e^HO cbrpeiimjio ^eTe Ha AflaM, HanpaBeHO no HeroBHa o6pa3
(b>k. EseK. 18:21,23,32 h II neT. 3:9).
IlacaacbT b H3, kohto HaH-^o6pe OTpa3aBa pa3JiHHHHTe rpi>HKH noHaTHa 3a noicaaHHeTO, e II Kop. 7:8-12:
(1) lupeo, „CKp-b6" hjih „neHaji" b cthxobc 8 (^Ba m>TH), 9 (Tpn m>TH), 10 (^Ba ntTn), 11; (2) metamelomcti,
„Cb>KajieHHe" hjih „rpH5Ka" b cthxobc 8 (^Ba ni>TH), 9; h (3) metanoia, „noKaaHHe," hjih „npoMaHa Ha yMa," b
CTHxoBe 9, 10. KompacTbT e (})ajiiHHBOTO noKaaHHe (metamelomai) (b)k. lO^a - MaT. 27:3 h HcaB - EBp. 12: 16-
17) b cpaBHeHne c hcthhckoto noKaaHHe (metanoed).
42
Hcthhckoto noKaaHHe 6orocjiOBCKH e CBi>p3aHO c (1) HcycoBOTO nponoBa^BaHe 3a ycjiOBrorra Ha hobhji
3aBeT (b>k. Mar. 4:17; Mapic. 1:15; Jlyna 13:3,5); (2) anocTOJiCKHTe nponoBe^H b JXenmm (kerygma, b>k. JXenmm
3:16,19; 20:21); (3) Eo>khji cyBepeHeH ^ap (b>k. JJpxmw 5:31; 11:18 h II Thm. 2:25); h (4) norHBaHe (b>k. II IleT.
3:9). IloKaaHHeTO m e no H36op!
| CnEijHAJiHO noH^THE: IIOKAflHHE
IloKaaHHeTO (3ae,nHO c BapaTa) e 3aBeTHO H3HCKBaHe h 3a CTapna 3aBeT (Nacham - III Hape 8:47; Shuv
fflljape 8:48 ct.; EseK. 14:6; 18:30; Hohji 2:12-13; 3ax. 1:3-4) hHobm 3aBeT
1. HoaH KptCTHTeji (MaT. 3:2; MapK. 1:4; Jlyxa 3:3,8)
2. Hcyc (MaT. 4:17; MapK 1:15; 2:17; JIy K a 5:32; 13:3,5; 15:7; 17:3)
3. rierbp (fleam™ 2:38; 3:19; 8:22; 11:18; niter. 3:9)
4. IlaBeji (fleamra 13:24; 17:30; 20:21; 26:20; Phmji. 2:4; II Kop. 2:9-10)
Ho KaKBO e noKaaHHeTO? CxptG jih e? Cjiara jih Kpafi Ha rpexa? HaH-^o6paTa H3 raaBa 3a pa36iipaHe
pa3JIHHHHTe 3HaHeHH3 Ha Ta3H KOHL(enL(Ha e II KopHHTJIHH 7:8-11, Kb^eTO Ca H3nOJI3BaHH Tpn, CBtpsaHH
noMe^c^y ch, ho pa3JiHHHH rptniai ,zryMH.
1. „CKp'b6" (lupe, B5K. ct. 8 [jipa hi>th], 9 [Tpn m>Tn], 10 [^Ba m>Tn], 1 1). ripeBOK^a ce wbKa hjih rbra
h 3HaHeHHeTO e 6orocjiOBCKH HeyTpanHO.
2. „noKaaHHe" {metanoeo, b)k. ct. 9,10). Ejiarojn>T e ebcraBeH ot „cjie,a" h „pa3yM", kocto
npcunojiara e^HH hob yM, hob HaiHH Ha MHCJieHe h hobo OTHomeHHe kbm acHBOTa h Bora. ToBa e
HCTHHCKOTO nOKaJTHHC
3. „cb>KaiieHHe" (metamelomai, b>k. ct. 8 [^Ba m>Tn], 10). .HyMara e CbcraBeHa ot „cne,zi" h „rpioKa".
H3noji3BaHa e 3a lO^a b MaT. 27:3 h HcaB b EBp. 12:16-17. ToBa 03HanaBa CKpi>6 3a
nocjieflCTBHaTa, a He 3a ^encTBnaTa.
IloKaaHHeTO h BapaTa ca hcoGxouhmh 3aBeTHH ^encTBna (b>k. Mark 1:15; Jlpsmwi 2:38,41; 3:16,19;
20:21). Hvia hhkoh tckctobc, kohto npe^nojiaraT, ne Bor ^aBa noKaaHHe (b>k. J^esmm 5:31; 1 1: 18; II Thm.
2:25). Ho noBeieTO ot TeKCTOBeTe npeflnojiarar, ne e HeoGxo^HMO HOBeKbT p,a otkjihkhc Ha
npefljiOKemieTO Ha Bora 3a 6e3njiarao cnaceHHe.
KaKTO eBpeficKHTe, Taxa h rptnicHTe ,zryMH HMaT 3a neji ,na onnniar m>jiHHa cmhci>ji Ha noKaaHHeTO.
EBpeficKHaT aKijeHTHpa Ha „CMaHa Ha ^eiicTBHaTa", ^OKaTO rptnicHaT Ha6jiara Ha „CM3Ha Ha yMa."
CnaceHHaT hobck nojiynaBa hob pa3yM h hobo ci>pne. Ton mhcjih h acHBee pa3JiHHHO. Bmccto „KaKBa e
noji3aTa 3a MeH?", cera BtiipoebT e „KaKBa e Bo^KHHTa bojih?" noKaaHHeTO He e eMonna, kohto
H36jieAH3Ba hjih ntK nbjiHa 6e3rpeniHOCT, ho to e hobo B3aHMOOTHomeHHe cbc CBeTna, kohto
npeo6pa3yBa BapBamna nocTeneHHO, npaBeiiKH ro cbht.
2:5-9 Te3H CTHxoBe onncBar (1) ynopHTOcrra Ha nazmanoTO HOBeiecTBO, (2) Eoacna raaB h npncb^a.
2:5 „ynopHTOCT" H3panji e onncaH no ci>mHa HanHH b H3x. 32:9; 33:3,5; 34:9; BTop. 9:6,13,27.
a „ci>pije" B^c. CnEqHAJiHO noroiTHE kt>m 1:24.
11 „b aeHsi Ha rHeea" B C3 nspastT e ,„ZI,eHaT Ha Eocnona" (b>k. Hohji, Amoc). ToBa e KOHnemtnaTa 3a CbflHHa
fleH hjih 3a BapBaniHTe - .ZJeiiaT Ha Bi>3KpeceHHeTO. HoBeiecTBOTO me ^aBa oraeT Ha Bora 3a ,napa na >KHBOTa (
b>k. MaT. 25:31-46; OrKp. 20:11-15).
3a6ejie5KeTe, ie caMHTe rpeniffimn („Bne" n „ce6e en"), ca Te3n, kohto npe,aH3BHKBaT Bo>khh raaB. B
HaKaKtB MOMeHT Bor npocTO My no3BOJiaBa j\a ce npoaBn n ^a H36yxHe c ntjiHa cnjia. rHeBtT, noflo6HO Ha
bchhkh HOBeniKH onHcaHHa 3a Bor (aHTponoMop<J)HHHo), ca npnjio>KeHH kbm 6oacecTBOTO caMO no aHajiorna!
Bor e Jfyx, BeneH h cbst. XopaTa ca orpaHHneHH, rpenmn h MaTepnajiHH. Bor He e eMonnoHajmo a<J)eKTnpaH,
KaTO pa3apeH HOBeK. EnGjinaTa To npe^CTaBa KaTO jiio6am rpeniHHnnTe n naKam rn ^a ce noKaaT, ho ci>mo h
Karo TaKi>B, kohto nocToaHHO ce npoTHBonocTaBa Ha HOBeniKHa 6yHT. Bor e jihhhoctch; Toil B3HMa rpexa
npncbpne n Hne jihhho CMe OTroBopHH 3a Hanina rpax.
43
E^Ha ^oiTbjiHHTejiHa mhct>ji 3a rHeBa Ha Bor. B EH6jraaTa toh ce npoaBaBa b^b BpeMeTO (BpeMeHHO, b)k.
1:24,26,28) h b Kpaa Ha BpeMeTO (ecxarojiorHHHO, b)k. 2:5-8). JlpwiT Ha Tocnofla (Ct^HHaT Jlpii) e e^HH HaiHH
C3 npopouH p,a mpeji,ympep,siT H3panji p,a ce noicae b cerauiHOTO BpeMe, Taica ne G^emeTO My p,a e 6jiarocjiOBeHO,
a He ocb^eHO (b>k. BTop. 27-28 rjiaBn). C3 npopouH necTO H3noji3BaT Haicoa KpH3a ot HacroameTO h a npHjiarar
3a 6t>,nemHTe noKOJieHHa.
2:6 Cthx^t e inrraT ot lie. 62: 12. ToBa e yHHBepcaneH npHHHHn - xopaTa ca OTroBopHH 3a CBOHTe ^eficTBHa h
me AaBaT OTneT npe^ Bor (b>k. Hob 34:11 ; IlpHT. 24:12; Ekji. 12:14; EpeM. 17:10; 32:19 ; MaT. 16:27; 25:31-46;
Phmji. 2:6; 14:12; I Kop. 3:8; Eaji. 6:7-10; II Thm. 4:14; I IIeT. 1:17; Oncp. 2:23; 20:12; 22:12). flopn H
BapBamHTe me .naBar OTieT 3a CBoa jkhbot h cjiy^ceHHe Ha XpncTOC (b>k. II Kop. 5:10). BapBamHTe He ca
cnaceHH npe3 ^ejia, ho ce npnGaBaT kt>m Tajioro Xphctobo, 3a p,a rn Btpmar (Bac. E(J>ec. 2:8-10 [no-cneuHajiHO
2:14-26]; JIkobh I HoaH).
2:7 „Ha Te3H, kohto" HMa KOHTpacT MOK^y jiHHHOCTHre, onncaHH b cthx 7 h Te3H - b cthx 8 („ho Ha Te3H,
KOHTO").
H
NASB „Ha Te3H, kohto c hoctosihctbo, BtpuiefiKH flo6poTO, TtpcsiT cjiaea h nonecT, 6e3CMi>pTHe h
BeneH jkhbot"
NKJV „BeHeH jkhbot Ha Te3H, kohto c hoctosihctbo b aoSpn aejia, TtpcsiT cjiasa, noHHT h
6e3CMi>pTHe"
NRSV „Te3H, kohto TbpnejiHBO npassiT ao6po, HCKaT cjiasa, necT h 6e3CMi>pTHe, Tofi me aaae BeneH
jkhbot"
TEV „Hsikoh hobcuh npofltjiacaBaT aa H3Bi>puiBaT ao6po, TbpcefiKH cjiasa, noHHT h 6e3CMi>pTHe,
3aTOBa Ha thx, Bor me nane BeneH jkhbot".
JB „Te3H, kohto TtpcsiT cjiasa, necT h 6e3CMi>pTHe, BtpuiefiKH BiiHani #o6po, me nojiynaT BeneH
jkhbot"
H3pa3i>T ce OTHaca 3a xopa KaTO Kophhjihh (b>k. fleamta 10:34-35). To3h TeiccT 3BynH Taica, caKain npaB^ara
MO^ce j\& ce npHfloGne npe3 ^ejia (H3pa6oTeHa ot HOBeica), ho TOBa 6h 6hjio b npoTHBopenHe c raaBHaTa TeMa b
PnMjiaHH. He 3a6paBaHTe, ie hhto CTHxoBe 1-16, hhto 1-11 Morar j\a Gt^aT TbjiKyBaHH icaro OT^ejiHH a63auH.
BorocjiOBCKaTa H^ea Ha uajiara TeMa, e, ie Bor He rae^a Ha jraue (ct. 1 1) h, ne bchhkh ca rpeniHH (ct. 12). Ako
xopaTa ^KHBeexa b CBeTjiHHaTa, KoaTO HMaxa (oTKpoBeHHeTO Ha npHpoziara 3a e3HHHHHirre, cneuHajiHOTO
OTKpoBeHHe 3a eBpenTe b>k. 10:5), ToraBa maxa j\a ca Hape^ c Bora. B^npeKH TOBa, o6o6meHHeTO Ha 3:9-18,23
noKa3Ba, ie hhkoh HHKora He e 6hji 6e3rpeineH, hhto hi>k MO^ce j\a Gt^e. npoMeHeHHaT 6jiaroiecTHB >khbot Ha
BapBamna ce Bi>3npHeMa KaTO noTBtpac^eHne h ^OKa3BaHe Ha HeroBHa ntpBOHaiajieH otkjihk c Bapa.
npoMeHeHHaT >khbot e flOKasarejiCTBO 3a oGHTaBamna Bo>kh Jfyx (b)k. ct. 10,13; MaTefi 7 rji.; EcfiecaHH 2:8-10;
JIkob 2: 14-26 h I HoaH). B>k. CnEqHAJIHO noiMTHE: HY2KTATA ^A YCTOflBAME kt>m 8:25.
H „BeHeH jkhbot" ToBa e xapaKTepHa <])pa3a 3a nncaHHaTa Ha HoaH h ce H3noji3Ba yMepeHO b Chhohthhhht6
eBaHrejina. naBen rorjiOK^a e H3Bjiaia>ji (|)pa3aTa ot ,H,aH. 12:2 (b>k. Tht 1:2; 3:7), Kb^eTO ce HMa npeflBuzj
acHBOTa Ha HOBHa Bex, acHBOTa b o6meHHe c Bora, Bi>3KpeceHHeTO Ha acHBOTa. HtpBO ro H3noji3Ba b Eaji. 6:8.
ToBa e no3Hara TeMa b ^OKTpHHanHaTa nacT Ha PnMjiaHH (b^k. 2:7; 5:21; 6:22,23). noaBaBa ce h HarcojiKO ntTH b
nacTnpcKHTe nocnaHHa (b)k. I Thm. 1:16; Tht 1:2; 3:7).
2:8
NASB „Te3H, kohto ca cc6hhhh h 3m6hi;ho3hh"
NKJV, NRSV „Te3H, kohto ce rpnacaT caivio 3a ce6e ch"
TEV „xopaTa ca eroHCTHHHH"
NJB „Te3H, KOHTO fleHCTBaT OT 3aBHCT"
.HyMaTa b opHrHHan 03HanaBa „pa6oTa 3a 3anjiaTa" (b>k. Tobht 2:11).
Louw h Nida, Greek-English Lexicon, 2, crp. 104, noica3Ba ^Be npeAHa3HaHeHHa Ha TOBa noHaTHe.
1. „ce6nHHa aM6Hi(Ha" - c orjie^ Ha Phmji. 2:8 H3pa3i>T ce npeBe^a „kohto ncxa ^a 6"bp,e no-^oG'bp ot
H3K0H APyr" - H TOH CbOTBeTCTBa Ha T03H KOHTeKCT
44
2. „HenpHa3'bH" - c orjiefl Ha <J>hji. 1:17, .jryMara „napTH3aHCTBo" Cbmo e OT6ejia3aHa KaTO BT>3MO}KeH
npeBOfl (bh>k cbhio II Kop. 12:20; Tan. 5:20; cDhji. 2:3; Acob 3:14,16).
H „h He ce noKopsmaT Ha HCTHHaTa" /JyMara „HCTHHa" (aletheid) e H3noji3BaH b HeroBHa eBpeficKH cmhcbji
(emeth) Ha flOCTOBepHOCT H HaflOK^HOCT. B T03H kohtckct (J)OKycbT e He kbm HHrejieKTyanHOTO, ho kbm
MopanHOTO. B>k. CnEqHAJIHO noiMTHE: „HCTHHATA" B nABJIOBHTE IIHCAHH5I kbm 1:18.
2:9 „Ha ecsiKa HoeeuiKa ayuia" IlaBeji H3noji3Ba rptHKaTa pyMapas, npeBe^eHa KaTO „bchhkh" hjih „BceKH",
TOJiKOBa necTO b Te3H 3arjiaBHH
rjiaBH Ha Phmjihhh, 3a ^a noKaace yHHBepcajiHHTe nocjieflHHH Ha „jiomHTe bccth" (H3ry6BaHeTO Ha
HOBenecTBOTO h EoacnaTa 6e3npHCTpacTHa npncb^a) h „^o6pHTe bccth" (Btokhcto npefljioaceHHe 3a 6e3njiaTHO
cnaceHne h hmho onpomeHHe b Xpnera 3a bchhkh, kohto ce noKaHBar h BapBaT).
To3H KOHTeKCT npeflnojiara yHHBepcanHa npncb^a h npoH3THHamHTe ot Hea nocjie,aHHH. Ta3H HCTHHa
H3HCKBa BT>3KpeceHHeTO, KaKTO Ha npaBe^HHTe, Taxa h Ha HenecTHBHTe (b>k. flaH. 12:2; HoaH 5:28-29; J^esmm
24:15).
Ako CTHxoBe 6-11 ca ncm (J)opMaTa Ha X (xHa3T>M), ToraBa CTHxoBe 8-9 ca kjhohobhtc, kohto noKa3BaT
npncb^aTa h o6o3HanaBaT ocbac^aHeTO h 3JiHTe fleaTejm.
2:9-10 „ni>pBO Ha roaeHHa" H3pa3T>T ce noBTapa, 3a j\& Gt^e nozinepTaH. K),zieHTe ca npeflnoHeTeHH, 3amoTO
HMaT BoacneTO OTKpoBeHHe (b»c. 1:16; Mar. 10:6; 15:24; HoaH 4:22; JJpxmw 3:26; 13:46), ho TOBa e h
npHHHHaTa ,na ca m>pBH npn H3^aBaHe Ha npHCbflara (b>k. ct.9-1 1, (b)k. 9:4-5).
2:11
NASB, NKJV „npH Bora HHMa npeay6efleHOCT"
NRSV «Bor He noKa3ea npncTpacTHOCT"
TEV «Bor ctflH bchhkh Hac, eflHaKBo"
NJB „3a Bora Hsiivia jhoShmhh"
ByKBajiHO ropas'tT 03HanaBa ,„na noB^HrHe jraue", kocto e MeTa(J>opa ot cb^eGHaTa CHCTeMa Ha C3 (b>k. JleB.
19:15; Brop. 10:17; II JleT. 19:7; fleaHHa 10:34; Ian. 2:6; E(})ec. 6:9; Koji. 3:25; I neTtp 1:17). Ako c^mmi
BMtfla kbm Koro noKa3Ba cnpaBefljiHBOCT, ToraBa HMa bt>3mo>khoct ^a Gt^e npncTpacTeH. Ilo Ta3H npHHHHa,
Cb^eHHaT He Tpa6Baine ^a B^nra jihhcto ch npe,a Cb^naTa h o6paTHO.
|CnEiiHAJiHonoHHTHE: PACH3BM
I.
A.
B.
II.
A.
BtBeaeHHe
ToBa e yHHBepcaneH H3pa3 3a noKBapeHara npnpozia Ha HOBenecTBOTO b KOHTeKCTa Ha
o6mecTBOTO. Kacae ce 3a hobcihkoto A3, kocto H3^Hra ce6e ch Ha rc>p6a Ha ^pyrnTe. PacroivrbT, b
MHoro cjiynan e cbBpeMeHeH (J)eHOMeH, ^OKaTO HaHHOHanroivrbT (hjih TpnGanHSivrbT) e no-^peBHa
npoaBa.
HaLtHOHanHSivrbT 3anoHBa b^b BaBHjiOH (Bht. 1 1 rji.), h m>pBOHaHanHO e CBtpsaH c TpHMaTa HoeBH
CHHOBe, ot kohto ce pa3BHBaT h TaKa HapeneHHTe pacn (Bht. 10 rji.). Bee naK e ohcbh^ho ot
rincaHHaTa, ne hobchcctboto HMa e^HH h3tohhhk (b>k. Bht. 1-3 rjiaBH; fleaHHa 17:24-26).
PacroivrbT npocTO e e^HH ot MHoroTO npe,npa3C'i>,jrbHH. HaKOH ot ^pyrHTe ca (1) CHoGro'bM Ha 6a3a
o6pa30BaHHe; (2) couHajiHO-HKOHOMHHecKa aporaHTHOCT; (3) caMO^OBOJieH pejrarH03eH jierajiro'bM; h
(4) ^orMaTHHHO nojiHTHnecKH npncTpacTHa.
BhSjichckh MaTepnajiH
CTapnaT 3aBeT
1. Bht. 1:27 - Hobchcctboto - wbyKe h >KeHH - ca Cb3,naneHH no Boacn o6pa3 h noAoGne, kocto
ra npaBH yHHKanHH. Cthxbt noKa3Ba TaxHaTa HH^HBH^yanHa ctohhoct h ^octohhctbo (b>k.
HoaH 3:16).
45
2. Bht. 1:11-25 - B Te3H cthxobc (J)pa3aTa „cnope,a BuziOBeTe hm" ce cnoMeHaBa ^eceT hi>th.
To3H (JiaKT e H3noji3BaH b noflicpena na pacoBOTO ^ejieHHe. Ot KOHTeKCTa e ohcbh^ho, ne ce
Kacae 3a >khbothhtc h pacTeHHHTa, ho He h 3a xopaTa.
3. Bhthc 9:18-27 - To3h naca>K ce H3noji3Ba b nomcpena Ha pacoBOTO ^OMHHHpaHe. Tpa6Ba p,a
ce noMHH, ne Bor He e npoKjieji XaHaaH. /Biflo My, Hon, ro npoKjiHHa cjie^ npoGyac^aHe ot
nnaHCKH yHec. B BnGjinaTa HHia^e He e 3anncaHO, ne Bor e noTBtp^Hji Ta3H
KjieTBa/npoKjiaTHe. flopn h ^a e Taica, TOBa He Bjinae Ha nepHara paca. XaHaaH e 6ama Ha
xopaTa, HacejiaBanH rianecTHHa, a ernneTCKHTe CTeHHH pHcymcH noKa3Bar, ne Te He ca 6hjih
nepHH.
4. Hcyc HaBneB 9:23 - Cthxt>t e H3noji3BaH, 3a p,a ce floicaace, ne e^Ha paca me cjiy^cn Ha flpyra.
06ane b KOHTeKCTa raBaoHHHTe ca ot d>mara paca, KaKTO h eBpenTe.
5. E3^pa 9-10 rji. h HeeMHa 13 ra. - Te3H raaBH necTO ca H3noji3BaHH b nomcpena Ha pacoBaTa
flHCKpHMHHaiiHji, ho KOHTeKCTbT hh noKa3Ba, ne ^kchhtGhtc ca 6hjih ocb^eHH He 3apa^H
pacaTa (aceHHTe ca 6hjih hotomkh Ha ci>mH5i chh Ha Hoii - Bhthc 10 rji.), ho nopa^H
pejIHrH03HH npHHHHH.
B. Hobhjit 3aBeT
1 . EBaHrejinaTa
a. Hcyc ujrrapa OMpa3aTa MOK^y eBpen h caMapaHH b hjhcojiko cjiynaa, 3a p,a noicaace, ne
pacoBara HenpHJB'bH e HeyMecTHa.
( 1 ) IlpHTHaTa 3a J\o6piui caMapaHHH ( Jlyica 10:25-37)
(2) >KeHaTa Ha KjiafleHeua (HoaH 4 rjiaBa)
(3) EjiaronapHHJiT npoicaaceH (Jlyica 17:7-19)
b. EBaHrejineTO e 3a hjijioto HOBenecTBO
(1) HoaH 3:16
(2) Jlyxa 24:46-47
(3) EBpen2:9
(4) OTKpoBeHHe 14:6
C. LJapCTBOTO Hje BKJIIOHBa H3JI0T0 HOBeneCTBO
(5) Jlyxa 13:29
(6) OTKpoBeHHe 5 rji.
2. Jlpsnmx Ha anocTOJiHTe
a. Jlpsmmi 10 rjiaBa e KaTeropHHeH nacaac, roBopem 3a EroKHjrra Bceo6ma jiio6ob h 3a
yHHBepcajiHOTO nocjiaHHe Ha EBaHrejineTO.
b. neTbp e aTaxyBaH 3a ^encTBHaTa ch b J^esmm 11 rjiaBa. To3h npo6jieM He e peineH ^o
EpycanHMCKHa Ch>6op b Jlpsnmx 15 rjiaBa, Kt^eTO anocTOJiHTe ce cpemaT h CTHraT p,o
pemeHHe. Hanpe>KeHHeTO MOK^y eBpeHTe h e3HHHHHHTe b m>pBH Bex e MHoro chjiho.
3 . naBen
c. HaMa Gapnepn b Xphctoc
(1) Ean. 3:26-28
(2) E<|>ec. 2:11-22
(3) Koji. 3:11
d. Bor He rjie^a Ha jiHue
(1) Phmji. 2:11
(2) E$ec. 6:9
4. neTbp h .3kob
a. Bor He rae^a Ha jiHue - I neT. 1:17
b. 3amoTO Bor He noica3Ba npncTpacTHe, HeroBHTe fleua CT>mo He Tpa6Ba j\a ro npaBaT -
Acob 2:1
5 . HoaH
a. E,ziho ot HaH-CHjiHHTe H3aBjieHHa 3a OTroBopHOCira Ha BapBanjHTe OTKpHBaMe b I HoaH
4:20.
46
III. 3aioiK)HeHHe
A. PacH3Mi>T hjih BceBtSMOKHHTe npepjpa3Cbji,'bmi, ca HantjiHO HenpHeMjiHBH 3a EoacHirre nana. Eto
iprrar ot Henlee Barnette, roBopHTen Ha (J)opyMa b Glorieta, New Mexico ot KoMUCuama no xpucmuHHCKU
jfoieom npe3 1964 r.: „PacH3MT>T e epeTHneH, 3amoTO e HeGnGjieficKH h HexpHcraaHCKH, p,a He roBopHM,
ne HHMa HayHHa ocHOBa."
B. To3H npo6jieM ^aBa Ha xpHeraaHHTe bt>3mo>khoct ^a noKascar xpHCTonoAo6Ha jiio6ob, nponiKa h
pa36npaHe kt>m H3ry6eHHa cbst. OTpHuaTejiHOTO OTHOineHHe Ha xpncTHaHHHa b Ta3H o6jiacT,
noKa3Ba He3pejiocT h jryKaBHjrr nojiynaBa b^smtokhoct ^a 3a6aBH BapaTa, CHrypHOcrra h pacTe>Ka
Ha BapBamna. Ocbch TOBa cnyacH h KaTO 6apnepa 3a H3ry6eHHTe xopa, nzjBamn npn XpncTOC.
C. KaKBO Mora j\?l HanpaBa? (ToBa e ujrraT ot 3aKniOHeHHe Ha KoMUCunma no xpucmuHHCKU Jicueom c
noA3arjiaBHe „PacoBH OTHOineHHa")
„HA JIHHHO HHBO"
1. ripneMeTe co6cTBeHaTa ch OTroBopHOCT b pa3pemaBaHeTO Ha npo6jieMa, CBT>p3aH c
pacHTe.
2. Hpe3 MOJiHTBa, 6H6jieHCKO roynaBaHe h npnaTejiCTBO c xopa ot flpyrn pacn, CTpeMeTe ce
fla He AonycKaTe b ^oreoTa ch pacoBH npe,zipa3Ci>,zi'i>HH.
3. H3pa3aBaHTe yGe^eHHjrra ch othocho pacHTe, oco6eHO Te3H, kohto npn norraKBaHeTO
Ha pacoBa OMpa3a, ca HeocnopHMH.
„B CEMEHHPW )KHBOT"
1. Ocb3HaHTe BaacHOCira Ha ceMefiHOTO BjinaHHe b pa3BHTHeTO Ha OTHOineHHeTO kbm
^pyrHTe pacn.
2. CTpeMeTe ce ^a pa3BHBare xphcthhhckh Harjiacn, pasroBapaincH 3a TOBa KaKBO fleuaTa h
po^HTejiHTe nyBar no pacoBHTe B^npocn h3bt>h ^OMa.
3. Po^HTejiHTe Tpa6Ba j\a. 6r>flaT BHHMaTejiHH, ^aBaincH xphcthjihckh npHMep othocho
B3aHMOOTHomeHHaTa c xopa ot ^pyrHTe pacn.
4. rioTtpceTe bt>3mo>khocth ^a CKniOHHTe ceMefiHH npHjrrejiCTBa, npecKanaHKH pacoBHTe
Gapnepn.
„B IJLPKBATA BH"
1. Hpe3 nponoBa^BaHe h npeno,ziaBaHe Ha GnGjieficKara HCTHHa, CBT>p3aHa c pacHTe,
Ll^pKBaTa Moace r& 6-bp,e MOTHBnpaHa, 3a ^a ^aBa npHMep Ha Hajiara o6iiihoct.
2. HanpaBeTe Taica, ne xBajieHneTO, npHjrrejiCTBOTO h cjiy>K6HTe b LrtpKBara ^a ca OTBopeHH
3a bchhkh. flopn h b H3 HtpKBa ce Ha6jiKmaBa, ne HHMa pacoBH Gapnepn (E(J)ec. 2: 1 1-22;
Tan. 3:26-29).
„B E^CEAHEBHPW )KHBOT"
1 . noMarairre 3a npeo^ojiaBaHe Ha bchhkh pacoBH ^HCKpHMHHauHH Ha pa6oTHOTO bh mjicto.
2. Pa6oTeTe c BcaicaKBH o6mecTBeHH opraHroauHH, 3a ^a noflCHrypHTe paBHH npaBa h
bt>3mo)khocth. He 3a6paBaHTe, ne pacoBHaT npo6jieM Tpa6Ba ^a ce aTaKyBa, a He xopara.
Ucjrra e j\& ce yBejinnn pa36npaHeTO, a He p,a ce CB3AaBa ropnHBHHa.
3 . Ako rorjieac^a pa3yMHO, opraHH3Hpairre cneuHaneH komhtct Ha 3arpiDKeHHTe rpa^aHH c
Hen OTBapHHeTO Ha b^smtokhocth 3a KOMymncaiijifl b o6mecTBOTO, 3a o6pa30BaHHe Ha
innpoKaTa o6mecTBeHOCT h 3a cneurianHH ^encTBHa, BOflemH kbm nono6paBaHe Ha
paCOBHTe OTHOHieHHa.
4. noflKpeneTe 3aKOHOflaTejiCTBOTO h 3aKOHO,ziaTejiHTe b npneMaHeTO Ha 3aKOHH,
HacbpnaBamH pacoBara cnpaBefljiHBOCT h npoTHBonocTaBamn ce Ha Te3H, kohto Bpe,aaT c
ueji nojiynaBaHeTO Ha hojihthhcckh ^HBH^eHTH.
5. rioxBaneTe h HacbpHaBairre npaBonpHjiaramHTe, 3aroBa ne npnnaraT 3aKOHH 6e3
flHCKpHMHHaHHJI .
6. H36arBaHTe HacHjineTO h HacbpHaBairre cna3BaHeTO Ha 3aKOHa, npaBeiiKH bchhko
bt>3mo>kho KaTO rpaacflaHH xpncTHJiHH, 3a ^a ce yBepHTe, ne npaBmrre erpyKTypH He ce
npeBp^maT b HHCTpyMeHTH b ptKaTa Ha Te3H, kohto me HacbpnaBaT .nHCKpHMKHauriHTa.
47
7. OjiHueTBopaBairre flyxa h yMa Ha XpncTOC bi>b bchhkh HOBeniKH B3aHMOOTHomeHHa.
IJHTAT OT BLJirAPCKHfl UPEBORBEPEH — 2:12-16
i:
3amoTO Te3H, kohto ca cbrpeiimjiH 6e3 3aKOH, 6e3 3aKOH h me norHHaT; h kohto ca d>rpeiHHjiH no,a
13
3aKOHa, npe3 3aKOHa h me Gt^aT cbachh - 3amoTO He cjiymarejiHTe Ha 3aKOHa ca npaBe^HH npe^ Bora, a
H3ni>jiHHTejiHTe Ha 3aKOHa me 6i>,ziaT onpaB^aHH; noHOKe, KoraTO e3HHHHHHre, kohto HaMaT 3aKOHa, no
npHpo^a B-bpmaT TOBa, KoeTO ce H3HCKBa ot 3aKOHa, h 6e3 ^a HMaT 3aKOH, Te caMH ca 3aKOH 3a ce6e ch, Te
AOKa3BaT, ne ^encTBHeTO Ha 3aicoHa e HanncaHO Ha cbpuaTa hm, 3a kocto CBH^eTejiCTBa h TaxHara ci>BecT, a
MHCJiHTe hm e^na flpyra ce o6BHHaBar huh h3b
CKpHTOTO Ha xopaTa cnope,a mocto 6jiaroBecTHe.
MHCJiHTe hm e^na flpyra ce o6BHHaBar hjih H3BHHaBar - b ,neHa, KoraTO Bor npe3 Hncyc XpncTOC me CbflH
IJHTAT OT AHrjIHHCKHfl UFEBORNASB — 2:12-16
12 For all who have sinned without the Law will also perish without the Law, and all who have sinned
under the Law will be judged by the Law; 13 for it is not the hearers of the Law who are just before God, but
the doers of the Law will be justified. 14 For when Gentiles who do not have the Law do instinctively the
things of the Law, these, not having the Law, are a law to themselves, 15 in that they show the work of the
Law written in their hearts, their conscience bearing witness and their thoughts alternately accusing or else
defending them, 16 on the day when, according to my gospel, God will judge the secrets of men through
Christ Jesus.
2:12 „bchhkh, kohto ca cfarpeuiHjiH, 6e3 aa HMaT 3aKOH" Bor me fltp^KH xopaTa OTroBopHH, flopn H HHKora
,zia He ca 6hjih 3ano3Hara cbc C3 hjih c EBaHrejraeTO. Bchhkh xopa HMaT HaKaKBO no3HaHHe 3a Bor ot
TBopeHneTO (b>k. 1:19-20; lie. 19:1-6) h ot Bpo^eHOTO nyBCTBO 3a Mopaji (b)k. 2:14-15). TparcunaTa TyK e, ne
bchhkh ci>3HaTejiHO ca nora3HjiH CBeTjiHHaTa, KoaTO ca HManH (b>k. 1:21-23; 3:9,19,23; 1 1:32; Tan. 3:22).
11 „3aKOH" JfyMara „3aKOH" He e HjieHyBaHa. rpaMaraHHara CTpyicrypa o6HKHOBeHO nozmepTaBa KaiecTBOTO Ha
CLmECTBHTEJIHOTO. 06ane b Phmji^hh IlaBeji H3noji3Ba ^yMara „3aKOH" no OTHOineHne Ha h3kojiko pa3JiHHHH
Hema: (1) Phmckhji 3aKOH; (2) MoiiceeBHa 3aKOH; hjih (3) KOHHenuiiaTa 3a o6mecTBeHHTe HOBeniKH hopmh KaTO
uano. He HjieHyBaHeTO Ha flyMara, a KOHreKCTbT Tpa6Ba j\a pa3Kpne 3a KaKbB 3aKOH CTaBa Bi>npoc. Ton
nozmepTaBa, ne bchhkh xopa HMaT b cbpijaTa ch HaKaKBO 3HaHne 3a Bo^khcto npHpo^HO OTKpoBeHHe othocho
jiHHHOCTTa My (b>k. ct. 15).
2:13 „He Te3H, kohto cjiyuiaT 3aKOHa, me ca npaeeflHH npea Bora" JfyMara „cjiyinaTejiH" b paBHHCKHTe
cpe^H e HMana cneuHajiHO 3HaieHHe 3a paBHHCKHre yneHHHH Ha TopaTa. 3anoMHeTe, ne nncaTejiHTe Ha H3 ca
MHCJiejiH Ha eBpeiiCKH h ca nncajiH Ha rpi>HKH Koime. 3aroBa H3CJieflBaHeTO Ha ^yMHTe ipa6Ba i\a 3anoiHe ot
CenTyarHHTa, a He ot rptHKara jieKCHKa.
.ZJyMaTa „npaBe,zieH" hjih „onpaB^aH" {kike bi>b BCHHKnre ch (Jdopmh) e ot peinaBamo 3HaneHHe b
6orocjiOBHeTO Ha IlaBeji (b^k. 3:4, 20, 24, 26, 28,30; 4:2, 5; 5:1, 9; 6:7; 8:30, 33). Jfymwrc „npaBefleH",
„onpaB^aH", „onpaB^aHHe", „npaB" h „npaB^a" nporoTHnar ot dikctios. Bac. CnEIJHAJIHO noiMTHE:
IIPABE^HOCT / IIPAB,Z1A kbm 1:17. Ha eBpeiiCKH (tsadag) b opHrHHan ce CBi>p3Ba c ,TbJira npaBa np-bHKa (ot
15 £0 20 CTbnKH), kohto ce H3noji3Ba, 3a H3MepBaHe, cjiy>KeiiKH KaTO OTBec 3a ctchh h orpaim. MeTa<J)opHHHO
3anoHBa p,a ce H3noji3Ba ot Bor KaTO craH^apT 3a ocbac^aHe.
B nHcaHHaTa Ha naBeji d>mecTBHTejiHOTO „npaB^a" (J)OKycHpa ^Be Hema. Hi>pBO - EroKHaTa co6cTBeHa
npaB^a e flaneHa Ha rpeniHOTO HOBenecTBO, KaTO 6e3njiaTeH flap, npe3 Bapa b XpncTOC. ToBa necTO ce Hapiraa
BMeHeHa npaB^a hjih OTflafleHa npaB^a. Ta ce oraaca 3a 3aKOHHHa CTaTyT Ha HaKoro npe,a npaBe,aHHa Bor. TaKa
ce paac^a nponyTara naBjiOBa TeMa „onpaB^aH npe3 Bapa". BTopo - BoacnaTa ^eiiHOCT 3a Bi>3CTaHOBaBaHe Ha
rpeniHOTO HOBenecTBO b HeroBHa o6pa3 (b>k. Bht. 1:26-27) hjih Ka3aHO no ,npyr HaiHH - j\a rn flOBe^e ^o
xpHCTonoAo6He. To3h cthx- KaKTO h Mar. 7:24; JlyKa 8:21 h 11:28; HoaH 13:17; ^Ikob 1:22-23,25 - HacbpnaBa
48
BapBamHTe p,a ca H3ni>jiHHTejiH, He npocTO cjiymaTejiH. BMeHeHaTa npaB^a Tpa6Ba p,a AOBe^e p,o npaBe^eH
HanHH Ha >khbot. Bor nponjaBa h npoMeHa rpeniHHHHTe ! YnoTpeGaTa Ha IlaBeji icacae 3aKOHa h eTHKaTa. Hobhjit
3aBeT ^aBa Ha xopaTa 3aKOHeH CTaryT, ho cbinp Taxa H3HCKBa h GjiaronecTHB >khbot. Toh e 6e3njiaTeH, ho
CTpyBa CKbno.
H „ho H3ni>jiHHTejiHTe Ha 3aKOHa" Ilo3HaHHeTO Ha Bora H3HCKBa hob nocjiyineH HanHH Ha »chbot (b>k. JleB.
18:5; Mar. 7:24-27; Hyica 8:21; 11:28; HoaH 13:17; .Skob 1:22-25; 2:14-28). B mhoto OTHonieHHa TOBa noHjrrae,
Hanoflo6aBa eBpeficKHa TepMHH shema, KoeTO 03HanaBa j\a nye Tana, ne j\a HanpaBH (b>k. BTop. 5:1; 6:4; 9:1;
20:3; 27:9-10).
2:14
NASB „KoraTO e3HHHHUHTe, kohto ca 6e3 3aKOH, BtpuiaT no npnpoaa, kocto ce H3HCKBa ot thx, to h
6e3 3aKOH, Te caMH ca 3aKOH 3a ce6e ch"
NKJV „3amoTO 3a e3HHHHUHTe, kohto HsiMaT npupoflHiiH 3aKOH, 3a6paHeHHTe Hema aopn h 6e3
3aKOH, ca npaeHjia 3a tsix"
NRSV „E3HHHHUHTe, kohto He npHTeacaeaT 3aKOHa, npaesiT hhcthhkthbho Toea, kocto ce H3HCKea
ot 3aKOHa, BtnpeKH ne He ro npHTeacaeaT, H3Bi>puiBaT Toea, kocto e npaBHjiHo"
TEV „E3HHHHUHTe HsiMaT 3aKOHa, ho cnopea ceosiTa CBo6oflHa bojisi, H3m>jiHsiBaT 3anoBeflHTe,
CHHTafiKH rn 3a 3aKOH, BBnpeKn ne He ro npHTeacaBaT"
JB „Te3H, kohto HHKora He ca nyjin 3a 3aKOHa, ho ca boachh #a H3m>jiHsiBaT TOBa, kocto toh
3anoBHflBa, Moace aa He ro npnTeacaBaT, ho CHHTaT, ne Te ca 33kohi>t"
Bchhkh KyjiTypn HMar cboh BtTpeniHO-MopajieH 3aKOH - o6mecTBeHa HopMa. Te ca OTroBopHH 3a
CBeraHHara, kojito HMaT (b>k. I Kop. 9:21). To3h cthx He 03HanaBa, ne Te MoraT p,a Gt^aT ^o6pe c Bor, aico
^KHBeaT b CBeTjiHHaTa Ha CBOjrra KyjiTypa, ho 3HanH, ne ca OTroBopHH 3a CBOHTe Bpo^eHH 3HaHHa othocho Bor.
2:15 „TsixHaTa ci>bcct CBHfleTejiCTBa, a noMHCJiHTe hm hjih rn octayjaT, hjih th onpaBflaBaT" Hvia e^HH
BtTpeineH MopaneH rjiac. Ho e^HHCTBeHO IlHcaHHeTO, npocBeTeHO npe3 flyxa, 3acjiy5KaBa m>jiHO flOBepne.
IlazieHHeTO 3acara HainaTa cbbcct. 06ane TBopeHneTO (1:18-20) h to3h BtTpenieH, MopaneH 3aKOH (2:14-15) ca
bchhkoto 3HaHne 3a Bor, KoeTO HaKOH xopa npHTe>KaBaT. He e HMano eBpencKH TepMHH, kohto j\a e eKBHBajieHT
Ha rptipcaTa ^yMa 3a „CbBecT" (syneidesis). rptHKara KOHHennna 3a BponeHOTO MopanHO nyBCTBO 3a npaBHjiHO
h rpeniHO necTO e flHCKyrapaHa ot CTOHnecKHTe (Jdhjiocoijdh. naBeji e 3ano3Har c rptHKHre (J)hjioco(J)h (toh
HHrapa KjieHT b J^esHim 17:28; MeHaH^tp b I Kop. 15:33; h EnHMeHH^ b Tht 1:12) ot HeroBOTO paHHO
o6pa30BaHHe b Tape. HeroBHaT po^eH rpaA e H3BeereH c otjihhhoto ch ynHjinme no rptHKa peTopHKa h
(J)HJIOCO(J)Ha.
2:16 „b aeHsi" Brae 6ejie>KKHTe kbm 2:5.
H „cnopea MoeTO 6jiaroBecTne" B T03H kohtckct cthxt>t e HaconeH kt>m nponoBa^BaHeTO Ha naBeji othocho
OTKpoBeHHeTO Ha Hcyc XpncToc. Mectohmehheto „MoeTo" OTpa3aBa naBjiOBOTO pa36npaHe 3a
HacTOHHHnecTBOTO kbm EBaHrejiHeTO, KoeTO My e noBepeHO (b^k. 16:25; I Kop. 15:1; Tan. 1:11; I Thm. 1:11; II
Thm. 2:8). To He ce OTjinnaBa c yHHKanHOCT, ho KaTO anocTOJi Ha e3HHHHHHre, naBeji ce nyBCTBa OTroBopeH 3a
pa3npocTpaHeHHeTO Ha HCTHHara 3a Hcyc b rptKopHMCKHa cbjit.
11 „Bor me Cfafln TanHnre aejia Ha xopaTa" Bor no3HaBa ctpnaTa Ha bchhkh xopa (b>k. I Hape. 2:7; 16:7; III
Hape. 8:39; I JleT. 28:9; II JleT. 6:30; nc. 7:9; 44:21; 139:1-6; np. 15:11; 21:2; EpeM. 11:20; 17:10; 20:12; JIy K a
15:16; fleaHHa 1:24; 15:8; Phmji. 8:27; Otkp. 2:23). Otcli, npe3 npe^CTaBHTejiCTBOTO Ha CnHa, me npe,ziH3BHKa
mothb h ^encTBHe b cbAe6HOTO pasraeac^aHe (b>k. MaT. 25:3 1-46; Otkp. 20: 1 1-15).
49
11 „npe3 Xpncroc Hcyc" MHCHjrra Ha Hcyc He e j\a fleficTBa KaTO cbpjm (b>k. HoaH 3:17-21). Ton e floiirbji, 3a j\a
npocjiaBH Bor OTeu;, j\& yivipe bmccto Hac h j\& j\aj\Q Ha BapBanjHTe npHMep, kohto j\& cjie^BaT. KoraTO
oxxBtpjiaT Hcyc XpncTOC, xopaTa ocb^aT ce6e ch.
06aie Hobhjit 3aBeT ci>mo Taxa ynn, ne Hcyc me ynacTBa b octac^aHeTO KaTO npe^CTaBHTeji Ha Otcli (b>k.
HoaH 5:22,27; fleaHHa 10:42; 17:31; II Thm. 4:1). Hanpe>KeHHeTO MOK^y Hcyc KaTO Ct^na h/hjih CnacHTeji
MO>Ke j\a. ce buzjh b EBaHrejraeTO ot HoaH (b>k. 3:17-21 b cpaBHeHne c 9:39).
IJHTAT OT BLJirAPCKHfl IIPEBOA BEPEH — 2:17-24
Eto, th ce HapHnam KmeHH h ce o6jiarain Ha 3aicoHa, h ce xBajinin c Bora, h 3Haein Bojurra My, h
H3nHTBain MHeffiurra, noHeace ch o6yieH b 3aKOHa, h ch yBepeH b ce6e ch, ne ch BO^ai Ha cnenHTe, CBeTjiHHa
Ha OHe3H, kohto ca b TbMHHHa, HacTaBHHK Ha Hepa3yMHHTe, yHHTeji Ha HeBp^cTHHTe, noHe>Ke HMain b 3aKOHa
ojiHijeTBopeHHe Ha no3HaHHeTO h Ha HCTHHaTa. ToraBa th, kohto ynHiii ^pyrnro, ce6e ch He ynHin jih? Th,
kohto nponoBa^Bain j\a He Kpa^aT, Kpazieiii jih? "" Th, kohto Ka3Bam j\a He npejno6o,zieHCTBaT,
npejiio6oAeHCTBain jih? Th, kohto ce OTBpamaBam ot h^ojihtc, CBeTOTaTCTBain jih? Th, kohto ce XBajinin etc
3aKOHa, no3opHin jih Bora, KaTO HapyuiaBain 3aKOHa? 3amoTO „3apaflH Bac ce xyjin Btokhcto Hvie MOic^y
e3HHHHi(HTe", KaKTO e nncaHO.
IJHTAT OT AHTJIMHCKHfl nPEBORNASB — 2:17-24
17 But if you bear the name „Jew" and rely upon the Law and boast in God, 18 and know His will and
approve the things that are essential, being instructed out of the Law, 19 and are confident that you yourself
are a guide to the blind, a light to those who are in darkness, 20 a corrector of the foolish, a teacher of the
immature, having in the Law the embodiment of knowledge and of the truth, 21 you, therefore, who teach
another, do you not teach yourself? You who preach that one shall not steal, do you steal? 22 You who say
that one should not commit adultery, do you commit adultery? You who abhor idols, do you rob temples?
23 You who boast in the Law, through your breaking the Law, do you dishonor God? 24 For „THE NAME OF
God is blasphemed among the Gentiles because of you," just as it is written.
2:17 „aKo" ToBa e ycjiobho jope^hhe ot itlpbh kjiac, KoeTo aBToptT npneivia 3a BapHo 3apa^H cBoaTa
jiHTepaTypHa ueji. ToBa ycjiOBHe e b cnjia p,o cthx 20, ho jrancBa 3aKjnoHeHHe, 3aroBa TEV ro npeBe^a,
Bi>3npHeMaHKH TBtp^eHKHTa TaKa, caKain ca HanpaBemi ot Hcyc. EBpenTe BapBar, ne thxhoto noTeKjio,
Tpa^HLiHH h nocriDKeHHH, me hm ocHiypjrr cnaceHne (b>k. MaT. 3:9; HoaH 8:33,37,39).
m „xBajiHui ce c Bora" MHoro Kmen ca pa3HHTanH Ha (1) tsxhoto pacoBO noTeKjio, (2) Ha jiHHHHre ch
nocTHaceHHa b MonceeBiia 3aKOH KaTO cpe^CTBO 3a npneMaHe ot Bora. 06aie Texmurr caMOflOBOJieH jierajiHStM
rn OT^ejiHji ot Bor (b>k. MaT. 5:20; Tan. 3). KaKBa TparHHHa npoHHa!
naBeji pa3BHBa H^eflTa 3a xBan6aTa b I Kophhtjihh. naBeji ce c6jn>CKBa c aporaHTHHa H3panji h c
BHCOKOMepHHa rptuKH HHTejieKTyajiH3'bM. B KpaiiHa CMeraa, He ipe3 njitira hh me ce xBaiiHM npe,a Bora (b>k.
E(J)ec. 2:8-9, hjih rpy6o Ka3aHO, Bor He neiejiH koh 3Hae kojiko, KoraTO ce CfloGne c Bac!).
| CnEHHAJiHO noHHTHE: CAMOXBAJICTBO
rpi>L(KHTe TepMHHH kauchaomai, kauchema, h kauchesis ca H3noji3BaHH okojio Tpn^eceT h neT hi>th ot
naBeji h caMO ppa. m>TH b ocTaHajiaTa nacT ot H3 (h ^Bara m>TH b ^Ikob). npeo6jiaflaBamHTe cjiynan ca b I
H II KopHHTJIHH.
HMa flBe OCHOBHH HCTHHH, KOHTO Ca CBI>p3aHH CbC CaMOXBajICTBOTO .
o HHKoa njn>T HaMa fl,a ce npocjiaBH/noxBajin npe,a Bor (b>k. I Kop. 1:29; E(J)ec. 2:9).
o BapBamHTe Tpa6Ba ^a ce npoanaBjrr b Tocnofla (b>k. I Kop. 1:31; II Kop. 10:17, KoeTO e
npenpanca kbm EpeM. 9:23-24).
3aTOBa HMa noflxoaama h Henozixoflama noxBana/npocjiaBa (t.c rop^ocT).
50
b>k. IKop. 1:17-18; Tan.
nonxoaama
a. b Ha^OK^aTa Ha cnaBaTa (b>k. Phmji. 4:2)
b. b Bora, npe3 TocnoA Hcyc (b>k. Phmji. 5:11)
c. b KptcTa Ha TocnoA Hcyc XpncToc (t.c raaBHaTa TeMa Ha IlaBeji
6:14)
d. IlaBeji ce xBann:
(1) etc CBoeTO cjiyaceHne, kocto e 6e3 KOMneHcauHH (b>k. I Kop. 9: 15,16; II Kop. 10: 12)
(2) etc CBoa aBTopHTeT ot XpncToc (b^k. II Kop. 10:8,12)
(3) c TOBa, ne He ce e xBajieji c pa6oTara Ha flpyrnre (KaKTO hjikoh b Kophht npaBexa - b>k. II
Kop. 10:15)
(4) etc CBoeTO noTOMCTBeHO Hacjie^CTBO (KaKTO flpyrHTe ca npaBejra b Kophht - b>k. II Kop.
11:17; 12:1,5,6)
(5) CbC CBOHTe LTbpKBH
(a) Kophht (II Kop. 7:4,14; 8:24; 9:2; 11:10)
(b) CojiyH (b>k. II Coji. 1:4)
(6) yBepeHOCira ch b yTexaTa h cnaceHHeTO y Bora (b>k. II Kop. 1:12)
Henozjxonama
a. BT)B BpT>3Ka c lo^eHCKOTO Hacjie^CTBO (b^k. Phmji. 2: 17,23; 3:27; Tan. 6: 13)
b. hjikoh b irbpKBaTa b KopHHT ce XBajiejIH
(1) c xopaTa (b»c. I Kop. 3:21)
(2) c Mtflpocira (b>k. IKop. 4:7)
(3) etc CBoGoflara (b»c. I Kop. 5:6)
c. jibacjiHBHTe yHHTejiH ce onHTajiH ^a ce xBajurr b HtpKBara b Kophht (b>k. II Kop. 11:12)
2:18 „noflo6psiBaHe" B>k. CnEqHAJIHO noiMTHE no-^ojiy.
| CnEUHAJIHO nOHHTHE: IThipCH nOHflTHfl 3A „H3IIHTAHHE" H TEXHHTE KOHOTAIjHH |
Hvia ppa rpbipcn TepMHHa, kohto Cbfltp^KaT H^orra 3a H3nHTBaHe Ha HaKoro c ueji.
Dokimazo, dokimion, dokimasict
ToBa e MeTanyprHneH TepMHH 3a TecTBaHe HCTHHHOCTTa Ha Hemo (miKoro - MeTa^opiraHo), ipe3
on>H. Orbmrr pa3KpHBa hcthhckhs MeTan, npe3 rorapaHe (npeiHCTBaHe) Ha injiaKa. To3h
(J)H3HHecKH npouec CTaBa chjich h^hom, onncBam BoacneTO h/hjih hobchikoto H3nHTBaHe Ha
Apyrirre. flyMaTa ce H3noji3Ba caMO b nojiOHarrejieH cmhcbji 3a H3npo6BaHe c orjie,a npneMaHe Ha
Hemo.
Ton e H3noji3BaH b H3 3a H3npo6BaHe Ha:
a. BOJiOBe - JlyKa 14:19
b. ce6e ch- I Kop. 11:28
c. BapaTa hh - ^Ikob 1 : 3
d. AopHnBor-EBp. 3:9
Pe3yjiTaTHTe ot Te3H TecTOBe ca npneMaHH 3a ho3hthbhh (b>k. Phmji. 1:28; 14:22; 16:10; II Kop.
10:18; 13:3; CDhji. 2:27; I IleT. 1:7). TepMHHbT cb^ipaca H^eaTa 3a hhkoh, kohto e 6hji H3npo6BaH h e
AOKa3aHO, ne e:
a. nojie3eH
b. ao6i>p
C. HCTHHCKH
d. ueHeH
e. noieTeH
Peirazo, peirasmos
51
To3h TepMHH e npeflHa3HaHeH 3a ronHTBaHe c ijeji HaMHpaHe Ha BHHa hjih oxxBtpjiaHe. HecTO ce
H3noji3Ba bt>b Bpi>3Ka c H3nHTaHHeTO Ha Hcyc b nycTHHaTa.
a. JfyMara noKa3Ba onHTa Hcyc ,aa 6i>,ae xBaHaT b KanaH (b>k. Mar. 4:1; 16:1; 19:3; 22:18,35;
Mark 1:13; Jly K a4:2; 10:25; E B p. 2:18).
b. To3h TepMHH (peirazo) e H3noji3BaH KaTO THTjia Ha CaraHa MaT. 4:3; I Coji. 3:5.
c. To3H raaroji (b HeroBara cjioacHa (J)opMa - ekpeirazo) e H3noji3BaH ot Hcyc, KoraTO Ka3Ba ,aa
He H3nHTBaT Bora (b)k. MaT. 4:7; JlyKa 4: 12; ci>mo bidk I Kop. 10:9)
d. rjiarojrbT e H3noji3BaH bi>b Bpi>3Ka c H3KynieHHaTa h ronHTaHHjrra Ha BapBamHre (b^k. I Kop.
7:5; 10:9,13; Eaji. 6:1; I Coji. 3:5; E B p. 2:18; JIkob 1:2,13,14; I neT. 4:12; IineT. 2:9).
11 „3aKOHi>T" CTHxoBe 17 h cji. ce 3aHHMaBar c eBpeiicKHa Hapo,a, 3aTOBa ci>mecTBHTejiHOTO „3aKOHbT" Tpa6Ba
,aa ce oraaca b KOHTeKCTa Ha MoiiceeBHa 3aKOH. ToBa e noTBtp^eHO ot cthx 25, kohto pasrjieac^a o6pa3BaHeTO.
2:18-20 EBpencKHTe Bonann BapBar, ie Te (KmeiicKaTa ceKTa) ocnrypaBaT e^HHCTBeHHaT h npaBHjieH m>T kim
Eor. y6e^eHH, ne ca HCTHHCKHTe yHHrejra othocho pejiHrH03HHTe Bi>npocH (b>k. Jlyxa 12:48). npHBHjierHaTa
HOCH OTrOBOpHOCT.
3a6ejieaceTe napajiejiHHTe (J)pa3H, onHCBamn TaxHaTa yBepeHOCT.
1 . Boaai Ha cjienHre - cthx 19
2. CBeTJIHHa 3a Te3H, KOHTO Ca B TbMHHHa - cthx 19
3 . nonpaBHTeji Ha 6e3yMHHTe - cthx 20
4. yHHTen Ha He3pejiHre - cthx 20
5 . ojiHueTBopeHHe Ha 3HaHneTO h HCTHHaTa b 3aKOHa - cthx 20
2:21-24 Ako HaKOH BapBa b jihhhoto nocjiyinaHHe, ToraBa nocjiymaHHeTO Tpa6Ba ,aa e tcmho (b)k. MaT.
5:20,48; ran. 3:10, kocto e HHTar ot Btop. 27:26 h .Hkob 2: 10). ToBa e HeBi>3MO}KHO 3a naflHanoTO HOBeiecTBO.
naBeji HapoHHO 3aaaBa peTopHHHH Bi>npocH kbm HeroBHTe eBpencKH HHTarejiH/cjiyiiiaTejiH b cthxobc 21-23.
2:22 TpyaHO e ,aa 3HaeM KaKBO HMa npe^Bna naBeji b CTHxoBe 22-23. Tbh KaTO onncaHHeTO He nacBa 3a
noBeneTO eBpen ot BpeMeTO Ha naBeji, bi>3mo}kho e Te3H rpexoBe ,aa ca cnoMeHaTH b ,zryxoBeH cmhcbji, no,ap6HO
Ha Xphctoboto TbjiKyBaHe Ha 3aKOHa b MaT. 5:20-48. /EKopflx Jla,a Ka3Ba: „naBeji Moxe 6h roBopHji 3a
flyxoBHO npejno6o,aeHCTBO, jiHinaBaHe Eora ot ,zrbjDKHMara My noiHT, h jinnca Ha nocBemeHHeTO, Tbfi KaTO
lO^eHTe ce aBaBaT cb^hh h rocno^apH Ha ocTaHaiiHTe HOBeniKH ci>mecTBa" (George Ladd, A Theology of the New
Testament, crp. 505).
2:22 „rHycHiu ce ot haojih" H3pa3i>T 03HanaBa p,a ce oxapMHeiii Ha^ajieH ot Henjo nopaan yxacHaTa My
MHpH3Ma.
® „Kpaaeui jih xpaMOBe" He e acHa HcropHHecKara Bpi>3Ka c to3h H3pa3, ho BepoaTHO e CBi>p3aHO c
H^O JIOnOKJIOHHHHeCTBOTO .
2:24 ToBa e HHTar ot Hcaa 52:5 ot CemyarHHra. EoacneTO 6jiarocjiOBeHHe Ha,a H3panji 3apa#H cna3BaHeTO Ha
3aBeTa (b>k. BTopo3aKOHHe 27-28 rjiaBn) Tpa6Ba ,aa 6i>,ae 3a CBH^eTejiCTBO Ha CBeTa. 06ane H3paHji HHKora He e
cna3Hji 3aBeTa, 3aTOBa CBeTbT e Bnaaji caMO ocb^aHeTO Ha Eora (b>k. E3eK. 36:22-32). H3panji ci>mecTByBa, 3a
,aa 6i>,ae uapcTBO ot CBemeHHHH (b>k. H3x. 19:5-6), kohto ,aa ,aoBe,aaT CBeTa kbm YHWH (b>k. Eht. 12:3; E(J)ec.
2: 1 1-3: 1). Bx. CnEqHAJIHO IIOHilTHE: EBAHrEJICKHTE BLSrjIE^H HA ABTOPA ki>m 1:5.
HHTAT OT EKJirAPCKHfl nPEBO^ BEPEH — 2:25-29
noHexe o6pa3BaHeTO HancTHHa noji3Ba, aKO H3m>jiHaBarj
o6pa3BaHe CTaBa Heo6pa3BaHe. H TaKa, aKO Heo6pa3aHHaT na3H Hape^SnTe Ha 3aKOHa, HaMa jih HeroBOTO
52
noHexe o6pa3BaHeTO HancTHHa noji3Ba, aKO H3m>jiHaBaiii 3aKOHa, ho aKO ch HapyniHTeji Ha 3aKOHa, tbocto
26
Heo6pa3BaHe ^a My ce cneTe 3a o6pa3BaHe? H oh3h, kohto e b npnpoaHOTO ch cbcroaHHe Heo6pa3aH, ho
H3nT)jiHaBa 3aKOHa, HaMa jih p,a ocb^h Te6, kohto HMain nncaH 3aKOH h o6pa3BaHe, ho ch npecrbnHHK Ha
3aKOHa? 3amoTO He e KmenH oh3h, kohto e bt>hihho TaKbB, hhto e o6pa3BaHe OHOBa, kocto e bt>hihho, Ha
njitira; a lo^eHH e to3h, kohto e BtTpeuiHO TaKbB, h o6pa3BaHe e TOBa, kocto e Ha cbpueTO, b Jfyxa, a He b
6yKBaTa, hhjito noxBana He e ot xopara, a ot Bora.
UHTAT OT AHrjIHHCKHfl nPEBOA NASB — 2:25-29
25 For indeed circumcision is of value if you practice the Law; but if you are a transgressor of the Law,
your circumcision has become uncircumcision. 26 So if the uncircumcised man keeps the requirements of the
Law, will not his uncircumcision be regarded as circumcision? 27 And he who is physically uncircumcised, if
he keeps the Law, will he not judge you who though having the letter of the Law and circumcision are a
transgressor of the Law? 28 For he is not a Jew who is one outwardly, nor is circumcision that which is
outward in the flesh. 29 But he is a Jew who is one inwardly; and circumcision is that which is of the heart,
by the Spirit, not by the letter; and his praise is not from men, but from God. 2 Great in every respect. First
of all, that they were entrusted with the oracles of God.
2:25 „o6psi3BaHe" IlaBeji Bee onje H3noji3Ba H3o6jiHHHrejiHa pen. Ako hhkoh npeTeH^npa: E, ^o6pe, HHe noHe
CMe o6pa3aHH (b>k. Bht. 17:10-11). Hne CMe ot noKOJieHneTO Ha ABpaaM. IlaBeji acHO h CMejio pa36nBa Ta3H
Hernia, eBpencKa Hazie^a (b^k. Mar. 3:7-10; HoaH 8:31-59).
Bchhkh cbce^H Ha H3panji , c H3KjnoHeHHe Ha (J)HjiHCTHMi(HTe, 6hjih o6pa3aHH. AKijeHTbT He e Btpxy
^encTBHeTo; a Btpxy nocroaHHaTa Bapa Ha o6pa3aHHa (b>k. ct. 26-27). ToBa ce OTHaca 3a bchhkh pejiHrao3HH
pHTyanH. PejiHrH03HHTe xopa necTO ca HCKann 6jiarocjiOBeHHaTa Ha Eo>KHa 3aBeT, ho 6e3 OTroBopHOCTHTe.
2:25-26 „aKO... aKO... aKo" Hivia Tpn ycJTOBHH H3PEHEHHiI OT TPETH KJIAC, kohto ce OTHacaT 3a bt>3mo>kho
6T>Aemo ^CHCTBHe. IloKopcTBOTO (b>k. BTop. 27-30 ct.) e KjnoHtT b IlaBjiOBHa apryMeHT bt>b 2 ra., ho He h b
3:21-31 (b>k. Tan. 3 rji.).
2:26-27 Te3H CTHxoBe nozmtp^aT Hafle^aTa, ne HaKOH e3HHHHHH ca OTKjiHKHajiH Ha CBeraHHara, KoaTO HMaT.
E^HHCTBeHHaT, BtSMOKeH, GnGjieficKH npHMep 3a TOBa 6h 6hji KopHHjiHH ot fleaHHa 10 rji. Ton Bee naK He ce
BMecTBa HantjiHO b to3h cthx, Tbfi KaTO e 6hji 6oro6oa3JiHB h yBaacaBaH b MecrHara CHHarora.
BcbiiiHOCT Te3H CTHxoBe ca KOHTpanyHKT Ha IlaBjiOBHa apryMeHT othocho Hy^ara 3a cnaceHHe Ha eBpeHre.
PnMjiaHH 3:23 o6o6maBa, ne bchhkh xopa ca ^yxoBHO 3ary6eHH 6e3 XpncTOC Ako ma e3HHHHHH, kohto
>KHBeaT cnopefl CBeTjiHHaTa, KoaTO HMaT ot TBopeHHeTO h BtTpenmaTa Mopajma HyBCTBHrejiHOcr, Bor me hm
npeflOcraBH bt>3mo>khoct, 3a j\?l OTKjiHKHaT Ha XpncTOC - HaKaK ch, no HaKaKbB HanHH, HaKora.
2:28-29 „3ampTO ne e toaeuH... loaeHH e to3h" ToBa e hskjhohhtcjiho Ba^KHa ^HCKycna nopa^H MOflepHOTO
6orocjiOBCKO pa3BHTHe Ha ,ziHcneHcaHHOHajiH3Ma h HeroBHa onnr p,a pa3,nejiH hjih Kancyjinpa C3 xopa Ha Bora ot
H3 xopa Ha Bora. HMa caMO e^HH 3aBeT h e^HH xopa (b>k. Phmji. 9:6; Taji. 3:7-9, 29; 6: 16; I IleT. 3:6). Hobh3t
3aBeT e pa3BHrae h H3m>jiHeHHe Ha CTapna. BoacHHTe xopa ca 6hjih BHHarn TaKHBa 3apa^H Bapa, a He 3apa^H
noKOJieHne. Te ca „xopa Ha cbpueTo", a He Ha pHryana h pacaTa. KjnoHtT e bt>b BapaTa, a He b poziHrejiHre.
BejiertT e 3aBeTHHaT yM, a He 3HaKbT Ha o6pa3BaHeTO.
H „njIl>T" B>K. CnEITHAJTHO nOHilTHE KbM 1:3.
2:29 3aBeTHHaT 3HaK Ha o6pa3BaHeTO (b>k. Bht. 17:14) e C3 MeTa(J)opa, 3a TOBa, ne HaKofi npneMa Bora.
MeTa(J)opaTa Tbpnn pa3BHTHe no HaKOJiKO HanHHa (1) o6pa3BaHe Ha CbpueTO (b>k. BTop. 10:16; EpeM. 4:4); (2)
o6pa3BaHe Ha yxoTO (b>k. EpeM. 6:10); h (3) o6pa3BaHe Ha ycTHnre (b>k. H3x. 6:12,30). 3aKOHbT HHKora He e
HMaji 3a Hen ^a Gt^e noBtpxHOCTeH ko^, a no-CKopo >KHBOTonpoMeHam npHHHHn. B>k. CnEITHAJTHO noiWTHE:
BH^K^AHHflTA HA nABEJI 3 A MOHCEEBHfl 3 AKOH k™ 1 3 : 9 .
53
NASB „TOBa, KoeTO e Ha ci>pneTO, no ayx, a He no 3aKOH"
NKJV „npoH3JiH3a ot d>pnero n Jlyxa, a He ot 3aKOHa"
NRSV „ci>pfleHeH Btnpoc - ayxoeeH e, a He 3aKOHeH"
TEV „aeHCTBneTO Ha Eojkhht ,3,yx, a He Ha nncaHHsiT 3aKOH"
JB „b ctpneTO - Hemp He 3aKOHHO, ho ayxoBHo"
Ta3H (J)pa3a e HeacHa Ha rpi>nKH. Hhkoh npeBoan BH3HpaT cbOTHonieHneTO MOK^y ^yxoBHOTO n 6yKBajiHOTO
(b>k. NRSV, the Twentieth Century New Testament, the Knox translation, the Lamsa translation of the Peshitta,
the Williams translation and the New Berkeley Version). JJpyrm npeBOfln Birac^aT KOHTpacra MOK^y Cbcthji Jfyx
(b>k. 7:6; II Kop. 3:6, Kb^eTO ce noaBJiBa no^oGHa KOHCTpyKnna) n nncaHna tckct (b>k. NASB, NKJV, NEB,
NIV and TEV).
IlaBeji flHCKyTHpa (jraKTa, ne hhkoh c3hhhhl(h Morar p,a ^eiicTBaT yro^HO Ha Bora 6e3 ^a ynoBaBaT Ha
3aKOHa. Ako TOBa e HCTHHa, ToraBa flenaTa Ha Bora ca MHoro noBene, He caMO Te3n, kohto caMO ca ce o6pa3Bajin
(J)H3HHecKH (b>k. ranaraHn). Bo>KHeTO ceMeficTBO e no-mnpoKO, otkojikoto caMO pacoBHTe eBpen (b>k. Bht. 3:15;
12:3; H3x. 19:5); Hob, MejixHce^eK, Hotop, XajieB, PaxaB h PyT He ca pacoBH eBpen. XopaTa ot njieMeHara Ha
E(J)peM h MaHacna ci>mo ca HanojiOBHHa eranraHn (b>k. Bht. 41:50-52).
BtnPOCH 3A OBCB^UAHE
To3H KOMeHTap e caMO pi>kobo,zictbo 3a H3ynaBaHe. ToBa 03HanaBa, ne BHe caMH hochtc OTroBopHOCT 3a
HanHHa, no kohto TbjiKyBaTe Bn6jinaTa. BceKH ot Hac Tpa6Ba ^a xoan b CBeTjinHaTa, kohto My e ^aneHa.
ITpnopnTeT npn HHrepnpeTannaTa ere caivinaT Bne, BamaTa EnGjina h CBeTnaT Jfyx. He 6nBa p,a. npexBtpjiaTe
Ta3n OTroBopHOCT Ha kohto Hflae KOMeHrarop.
HacToanjHTe BT>npocn 3a oGcb^aHe nejiaT ^a bh nozinoMoraar ^a oGmhcjihtc ocHOBHHTe tcmh b to3h
pa3Aeji Ha nocjiaHneTO. Hejrra hm e j\& npe,aH3BHKaT mhcjih, a He j\& ^a^ar KpanHn OTroBopn.
1. KaK lo^encKOTO HeBepne Bjinae Ha Bo>KHeTO oGemamie (3:3-4)?
2. Hvia jih HaKaKBO npeHMymecTBO npe,a Bor 3a Te3n, kohto ca Kmen (3:1-8)?
3. KaKBO e H3o6jinneHHeTO?
4. KaKBa e uejrra Ha npe^nojiaraeMaTa H3o6jiHHHTejiHa pen b cthxobc 5-8?
5 . HannnbT Ha ^khbot HMa jih 3HaneHne, aKO onpaB^aHneTO e no Gjiaro^aT, npe3 Bapa n 6e3 ^ejia (3:8)?
6. KaKBa e 6orocjiOBCKaTa KOHnennna 3a m>jiHara noKBapa (3: 10-18)?
7. KaKBa e uejira Ha MonceeBna 3aKOH hjih Ha 3aKOHa KaTO uajio (3:20; Tan. 3:24-25)?
8. 3amp CaraHa Bi>o6me He e cnoMeHaT b rjiaBH 1-3, kohto ce 3aHHMaBar c na^eHneTO Ha HOBeKa?
9. 06emaHHaTa ot C3 ycjiOBHH jih ca hjih 6e3ycjiOBHH?
10. KaKBa e uejrra Ha MonceeBna 3aKOH b >KHBOTa Ha: (1) HeKmenHa; h (2) lo^enHa?
11. HannmeTe c Bamn p$mvi, naparpa<}) no naparpacj), apryMeHTHTe Ha naBeji b 1: 18-3:20.
54
Phmjihhh 3 rjiaea
PA3AEJIEHHA nO AE3AHH B CBBPEMEHHHTE nPEBO^H
UBS 4
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
JB
EBpeilTe H 3aKOHBT
(2:17-3:8)
3aiHHTa Ha BoxcneTO
octxc/iaHe
IIpe/IHMCTBOTO
Ha eBpeHTe
EBpeHTe H 3aKOHBT
(2:17-3:8)
EoxcHHTe o6einaHHa
HHMa j\& rn cnacaT
3:1-8
3:1-8
3:1-8
3:1-4
3:1-8
3:5-6
3:7-8
HflMa npaBe/ieH
Bchhkh ctrpeninxa
Bchhkh ca bhhobhh
Hhkoh He e npaBe^eH
Bchhkh ca rpeniHH
3:9-20
3:9-20
3:9-18
3:9-18
3:9-18
3:19-20
3:19-20
3:19-20
IIpaBe/iHOCT
npe3 Bapa
BoxcnaTa npaBe/iHoer
npe3 BHpa
HcTHHCKaTa
npaBe/iHOCT
KaK Eor
onpaB/iaBa xopaTa
OTKpHBaHe
Ha EcDKHHTa npaB/ia
3:21-26
3:21-26
3:21-26
3:21-26
3:21-26
OnnaKBaHeTO
e ioKJiioHeHO
OnnaKBaHeTO
He ce BKJHOHBa
KaKBO npaBH BapaTa
3:27-31
3:27-31
3:27-31
3:27-31
3:27-31
nPOHHT HA TPETH HHKKJI (bsk. CTp. ix)
nPOCJIE/JJIBAHE HA ABTOPCKOTO HAMEPEHME HA HHBO AE3AH,H
To3h KOMeHTap e caMO p^kobojctbo 3a H3ynaBaHe. ToBa 03HanaBa, ne BHe caMH Hocnre ottobophoct 3a
HanHHa, no kohto TbjiicyBaTe EnGjinaTa. BceKH ot Hac Tpa6Ba ^a xohh b CBeTjiHHaTa, koato My e ^aneHa.
IlpHopHTeT npn HHTepnpeTai(HaTa CTe caMHaT BHe, Bamara Bh6jihh h CBeTHHT Jfyx. He Girea p,a npexBtpjiaTe
Ta3H OTTOBOpHOCT Ha KOHTO Hflae KOMeHTaTOp.
nponeTeTe raaBaTa Ha e^HH p,t>x. Onpe^ejieTe TeMHTe. CbnocTaBeTe BaineTO TeMaTHHHO pas^ejieHHe c
neiTe CBBpeMeHHH npeBO^a no-rope. Pa3AejiaHeTO Ha a63auH He e BfltxHOBeHO ot Bora, ho e kjiiohobo 3a
npocjie^aBaHeTO Ha aBTopcKOTO HaMepeHHe. A hmchho TOBa e b cbpueBHHara Ha HHTepnpeTHpaHeTO. BceKH
a63ai( HMa e^na e^HHCTBeHa Teivia.
1 . HtpBH a63ai(
2. Btoph a63ai(
3 . TpeTH a63ai(
4. Ht.h.
55
HABJIIOAEHHfl BBPXY KOHTEKCTA
A. Cthxobc 1-8 ca CBi>p3aHH noMe^y ch, ho e TpyaHO j\& ce npocjie^H jiorHKaTa Ha IlaBeji, 3amoTO toh
H3noji3Ba jiHTepaTypHa TexHHKa, HapeneHa H3o6jiHHHTejiHa pen (c npe^nojiaraeM Bi>3pa3HTe.ii).
B. Hsraeac^a IlaBeji npeflBH^a, ne hhkoh Kmen me OTKjiHKHaT Ha 2:17-29, 3aTOBa toh OTroBapa Ha
TexHHTe Bi)3pa>KeHHa (Corley, Vaughan, Romans, crp. 37-39).
1 . IltpBH BMipoc. HancTHHa jih HaMa npenMymecTBa 3a Kmenre? (ct. 1-2).
2. Btoph BMipoc. Bo^KHeTO Cjiobo npoBajinjio jih ce e nopa^H TOBa, ie hjikoh lo^en ca HeBepHH? (ct.
3-4).
3. TpeTH BMipoc. Ako Bor e H3noji3Baji Kmenre, 3a p,a pa3KpHBaT HeroBHa xapaKTep, ToraBa Te me
OTroBapaT npe,a Eokhcto npaBOCb^He? (ct. 5-8).
C. 3aKjiiOHeHHeTO hh Bp-biija kt>m 2:11. Ilpn Bora HaMa (J)aBopHTH. Bchhkh xopa ca OTroBopHH 3a acHBOTa
CH H3BI>H CBeTJIHHaTa, K03T0 HMaT (npHpOflHO OTKpOBCHHe h/hJIH CneHHajIHO OTKpOBeHHe).
D. OraxoBe 9-18 ca nope,aHHa ot C3 HHTara, kohto noKa3BamH rpexa Ha Kmenre.
E. Cthxobc 19-20 cyMHpar ^yxoBHOTO cbCToamie Ha H3panji h uejira Ha C3 (b>k. Ean. 3 rji.).
F. Cthxobc 21-31 ca o6o6meHHe Ha 1:18-3:20. Te ca m>pBHTe 6orocjiOBCKH tcmh Ha EBaHrejraeTO (bidk
KpaTKOTO no^HepTaBaHe, crp. 2).
H3CJIE^BAHE HA ^YMH H G>PA3H
HHTAT OT BBJITAPCKHfl IIPEBOA BEPEH — 3:1-8
ToraBa KaKBO e npe^HMCTBOTO Ha KmeHHa hjih KaKBa e noji3aTa ot o6pa3BaHeTO? MHoro, bi>b Bcaico
OTHOineHHe. H m>pBO, 3amoTO Ha Tax ce noBepnxa EoacHHre cjiOBa. ToraBa KaKBO? Ako hjikoh 6axa HeBepHH,
TaxHara HeBapHOCT me yHHmo>KH jih BoacnaTa BapHOCT? fla He 6i>,zie! Ho Heica npH3HaBaMe, ie Bor e hcthhch,
a BceKH HOBeK - jti>}kjihb, KaKTO e nncaHo: „3a ^a ce onpaB^aein b flyMHTe Ch h ^a no6e,ziHiii, KoraTO ce Cb^Hin."
Ho axo Hamara HenpaB^a H3TbKBa Bo>KHaTa npaB^a, KaKBO me icasceM? HecnpaBcajiHB jih e Bor, KoraTO HaHaca
rHaB? no HOBeniKH roBopa. J\a. He 6i>Ae! noHe>Ke, Kax ToraBa Bor me cbjxa CBeTa? 3amoTO, axo ipe3 MoaTa
jii)>Ka Bo>KHaTa HCTHHa npeH3o6HjiCTBa 3a HeroBaTa cjiaBa, to 3amo h a3 ome fla 6i>Aa ocb^aH KaTO rpeniHHK?
H 3amo fla He bi>piiihm 3jio, 3a ^a floime ^o6po, KaKTO Haicon KjieBeTHiraecKH TBtp^aT, ne HHe Taica roBopHM? Ha
TaKHBa ocb^c^aHeTO e cnpaBcajiHBO.
HHTAT OT AHrjIHHCKHfl nPEBORNASB — 3:1-8
'Then what advantage has the Jew? Or what is the benefit of circumcision? 2 Great in every respect.
First of all, that they were entrusted with the oracles of God. 3 What then? If some did not believe, their
unbelief will not nullify the faithfulness of God, will it? 4 May it never be! Rather, let God be found true,
though every man be found a liar, as it is written, „THAT You MAY BE JUSTIFIED IN YOUR WORDS, AND
prevail when You are judged." 5 But if our unrighteousness demonstrates the righteousness of God,
what shall we say? The God who inflicts wrath is not unrighteous, is He? (I am speaking in human terms.)
6 May it never be! For otherwise, how will God judge the world? 7 But if through my lie the truth of God
abounded to His glory, why am I also still being judged as a sinner? 8 And why not say (as we are
slanderously reported and as some claim that we say), „Let us do evil that good may come"? Their
condemnation is just.
56
3:1 „KaKBO npeflHMCTBO HMa K)fleHHi>T" IlaBeji nporbJDKaBa ^a H3noji3Ba jiHTeparypHHa noxBar -
H3o6jiHHHTejiHa pen c npe^nojiaraeM Bi>3pa3HTeji, 3a j\a cnoflejra nocjiaHHeTO ch. 3a cnHCbica c npHBHjierHHTe Ha
lo^eHTe bidk 3:2 h 9:4-5.
3:2 „npeflH bchhko" IlaBeji H3noji3Ba .nyMHTe „npe,zni bchhko" b 1:8, ho 6e3 p,a cnoMeHaBa BTopna eneMeHT.
TyK npaBH cbhioto. Cthjti>t Ha IlaBeji e TOJiKOBa c6ht, ne noHaicora rpaMaTHHHHTe My CTpyicrypH ca Hem>jiHH.
H „Te ca Shjih HaToeapeHH c 6o5KecTBeHHTe nncaHHsi'TlpHTe^KaHHeTO Ha Btokhcto OTKpoBeHHe e orpoMHa
OTroBopHOCT, KaKTO h rojiaMa npHBHjierHa (b>k. 9:4-5). Te ca HacTOHHHHHTe Ha Eo>kh5i ^ap (MHHAJIO CBEPITIEHO
CTPAJJATEJTEH 3AJTOr, B>K. I Coji. 2:4).
JfyMara logion (nncaHHa) e H3noji3BaHa b CenTyarHHTa 3a cjioboto Ha Bora (b>k. Hncjia 24:4,16; BTop. 33:9;
lie. 119:67; Hcaa 5:24; 28:13). B Hobhji 3aBeT e H3noji3BaHa b cbmna cmhctjJi (b>k. JJpzmw 7:38; EBp. 5:12; I
Iter. 4:11).
3:3 „aKo" ToBa e ycjiobho hspe^ehhe ot itlpbh kjiac, kocto aBToptT npneivia 3a HcraHa, Tbii KaTo oGcjiy^KBa
HeroBaTa jiHTeparypHa ueji. Cthxobc 5 h 7 ci>mo ca YCJIOBHH HaPE^EHHil OT ITLPBH KJIAC.
„hhkoh He esipeaxa
„6sixa HeeepHH"
NASB, NKJV
NRSV, JB
TEV „KaKBO, aKO hsikoh ot thx ca hcjiosijihh"
IlaBeji MO^ce j\a ce no30BaBa Ha oGhjoto (1) HeBepne Ha IfepaHji hjih (2) Ha jmncara Ha jiHHHa Bapa b YHWH.
Tpy^HO e c yMa ch j\a pa36epeM 6e3ycjiOBHHTe o6emaHHa Ha Bora (t.c cnacemieTO Ha naflHajiOTO HOBenecTBo) h
ycjiOBHHa MaH^aT Ha HOBeiiiKHa otkjihk. ToBa Bee onje e GhGjichckh napa^oicc (b>k. 3:4-5). Bor e BepeH, flopn
KoraTO HeroBHTe xopa He ca (b>k. Ocna 1,3 rji.).
® „me yHHmoJKH" Bac. CnEITHAJTHO ITOHilTHE no-flOJiy.
| CnEUHAJlHO noHHTHE: yHHmO^CABAM / AHyjIHPAM (KATARGEO)
Ta3H ^yivia (katargeo) e e^na ot jhoGhmhtc Ha IlaBeji. Ton a H3noji3Ba noHe ^BaiieceT h neT hi>th, ho e
c MHoro innpoK ceMaHTHHeH o6cer.
A. Ochobhhht eTHMOJiorHHCH KopeH e ot argos, kocto 03HanaBa:
B.
D.
1.
2.
-»
j.
4.
5.
6e3AeeH
CBoGo^eH
HeH3noji3BaH
6e3nojie3eH
6e3AeeH
Cjio>KHHaT rjiaroji c kata e H3noji3BaH, 3a ,na H3pa3H
1 . 6e3^eHCTBHe
2. 6e3nojie3HOCT
3 . Henjo, KoeTO e otmchcho
4. He mo, KoeTO e npeMaxHaro
5 . Henjo, KoeTO e Ham>jiHO 6e3AenHO
H3noji3BaH e Be^Hb^K b Jlyica, 3a j\a onnuie 6e3njiOflHe, cjie^OBarejiHO 6e3nojie3HO ffbpBO (b>k.
Jlyna 13:7).
IlaBeji ro H3noji3Ba bi>b (JmrypaTHBeH cmhcbji no ,aBa ochobhh HaiHHa:
1 . Bor e 6e3fleeH, KoeTO npe^H3BHKBa xopcicara Bpaac^eGHOCT
a. TpexoBHaTa npnpozia Ha HOBeiecTBOTO - Phmji. 6:6.
57
b. MoficeeBHa 3aicoH bi>b Bpi>3Ka c Ecdkhcto o6emaHHe 3a „ceMeTo" - Phmji. 4: 14; Taji. 3:17;
5:4,11; E<J>ec. 2:15
c. flyxoBHH chjih- I Kop. 15:24
d. „HoBeia>T Ha 6e33aKOHHeTo" - II Coji. 2:8
e. cDroHHecica cmt>pt - 1 Kop. 15:26; II Thm. 1:16 (EBp. 2: 14)
2. Eor 3aMeHH CTapna (3aBeT, Bex) 3a hobhtc
a. Henja, CBi>p3aHH c MoficeeBHa 3aicoH- Phmji. 3:3,31; 4:14; II Kop. 3:7,11,13,14.
b. aHajiornaTa 3a 6paica, H3noji3BaH ot 3aKOHa - Phmji. 7:2,6.
c. HenjaTa Ha to3h Bex - 1 Kop. 13:8,10,11.
d. TOBaTajio - I Kop. 6:13
e. BozjaHHTe Ha to3h bck - 1 Kop. 1:28; 2:6.
JfyMara e npeBe^eHa no MHoro pa3JiHHHH HaiHHH, ho ochobhoto 3HaieHHe ce CBe^c^a ^o TOBa j\a
HanpaBHin Henjo 6e3nojie3HO, hhhio>kho, 6e3AeiiHO, 6c3chjiho, ho He h j\& npecTaHe j\a ci>mecTByBa, j\&
6i>fle yHHmoaceHO hjih ^a H3ie3He.
3:4
NASB „ fl a He 6i>fle!"
NKJV, TEV „onpeaejieHO He!"
NRSV „b HHKaKiB cjiyHafi!"
JB „6h 6hjio a6cypflHo"
ToBa e pafltK cjiynaii Ha H3noji3BaHe Ha 3CEJIATEJIHO HAKJIOHEHHE, kocto H3pa3aBa ^cejiaHHe hjih MOJi6a h
Tpa6Ba fla ce npeBe^e KaTO ,,/Ja He 6i>,ne". Ta3H (J>pa3a Ha ynynBamo HcnoBepne e necTO H3noji3BaHa ot EtaBeji b
jiHTepaTypHHa My noxBaT Ha H3o6jiHHHTejiHaTa pen (b>k. 3:4,6,31; 6:2,15; 7:7,13; 9:14; 11:1; I Kop. 6:15; Ean.
2: 17; 3:21; 6: 14). ToBa e HeroBnaT HaiHH KareropnHHO ^a OTpeie Heine npe^nojiaraeMO TBtp^eHHe.
3a6ejie5KeTe IlaBjiOBHa noxBaT Ha oxxBtpjiaHe npeflnojiaraeMnre Btiipocn h TBtp^eHHa Ha Bi)3pa3HTejia.
1 . ,,/Ja He 6i>Ae" - CTHxoBe 4,6
2. „HeKa Eor p,a 6i>,ne npH3HaT 3a BepeH npe3 BceKH HOBeK, kohto e HaMepeH jii>>kjihb" - cthx 4
3 . „(EoBopa no hobchikh)" - cthx 5
4. „(icaKTO H3K0H KjieBeTHHHecKH TBtp^aT, He Hne Taica tobophm)" - cthx 8
11 „ HeKa Eor #a 6i>ae npH3HaT 3a BepeH npe3 bcckh hobck, kohto e HOMepen jii>5kjihb" ToBa e CErAIIIHO
BPEME, CPE/JEH 3AJIOE, nOBEJMTEJIHO HAKJIOHEHHE. Ta3H KOHCTpyKn,Ha e CbCpeflOTOHeHa BI>pxy
npoAi>Ji>KaBamoTO cbCTOHHne Ha noajiora; Eor e BepeH n HCTHHeH, xopaTa ca HeBepHH n jiI)>kjihbh! ToBa e
ani03Ha KbM lie. 116:11 n Hanoflo6aBa HenjaTa, kohto Hob Tpa6Ba ,na Haynn b 32:2; 40:8.
3a6ejieaceTe yHHBepcajiHna ejieMeHT Ha rpexoBHOCira b Ta3n rjiaBa, npe^CTaBeHa ot IlaBjiOBaTa ynoTpe6a Ha
pas (bchhko, bcckh) b CTHxoBe 4,9,12,19,20,23,24, ho cjiaBa Ha Eora, cnaceHneTO ci>mo e yHHBepcajmo h ce
OTHaca 3a bchhkh (b>k. 3:22).
s „KaKTO e nncaHo" EyKBanHO „to e 6hjio h npofl'bJDKaBa p,a ce nnine". ToBa e a HEPOEKTHO BPEME,
CTPAJJATEJffiH 3AJIOr, H3iIBHTEJIHO HAKJIOHEHHE. OaBa flyMa 3a TexHHHeCKH HflHOM, KOHTO e H3nOJI3BaH fla
noTBtp^H, ne nncaHHara ca 6oroB,zri>xHOBeHH (b>k. MaT. 5:17-19). ToBa e nnraT ot lie. 51:4 b CenTyarHHTa
(LXX).
3:5-6 B Te3H CTnxoBe IlaBeji H3noji3Ba apryMeHT, CBi>p3aH c Eo>khji cnennaneH H36op 3a H3panji KaTO HeroBO
cpe^CTBO 3a AOCTHraHe Ha CBeTa (b>k. Eht.12:3; H3x. 19:5-6). B C3 „H36op'bT" e CBi>p3aH ci>c cjiy>KeHne, a He c
npnBHjierna. Eor npaBH 3aBeT c Tax. Ton e BepeH; Te ca HeBepHH (b>k. HeeMna 9 rji.). OaKTbT, ne Eor cbpji
HeBepHHTe H3panjrraHn, e AOKasarejiCTBO 3a HeroBaTa npaB^a.
H3panji e H36paH p,a 6i>Ae cpe^CTBO 3a flOcraraHe Ha e3HHHHnHTe. H3panji ce npoBana (b>k. 3:24)! Eo>KH)iTa
neji 3a yHHBepcanHO cnacemie (b>k. Eht. 3:15) He e noBjinaHa ot to3h npoBaji. B nnrepec Ha ncTHHaTa, Eo>KHaTa
58
BapHOCT KbM rrbpBOHaHajiHHa My 3aBeT e noTBtp^eHa b Phmji3hh 9-11. HeBapBamnaT PfopaHji e oxxBtpjieH, ho
BapBamnHT PfopaHji me 3aBi>piiiH Eoaoia H3KynHTejieH njiaH.
IlaBjiOBaTa H3o6jiHHHrejiHa pen b CTHxoBe 5-6 e napajien Ha cthxobc 7-8.
3:5 „aKo" ToBa e YCJIOBHO H3PEHEHHE OT HBPBH BH/L kocto aBToptT npneMa 3a BapHO h o6cjiyacBa
HeroBaTa jiHTepaTypHa ueji. Cthxobc 3 h 7 ci>mo ca YCJIOBHH H3PEHEHHJ1 OT HBPBH BHfl.
H „aKO HauiaTa Henpaeaa H3Ti>KBa npaeaaTa Ha Bora" ToBa MECTOHMEHHE - HainaTa - HMa kojickthbch
CMHCbJI 3a BCHHKH lO^eH. B)K. CnEITHAJTHO nOIMTHE KbM 1:17.
H „KaKBO me Kaaceivi" IlaBeji H3noji3Ba H3o6jiHHeHHe (b^k. 3:5; 7:7; 8:31; 9:14,39). IlaBeji noTBtp^aBa cbocto
H3Ka3BaHe, H3noji3BaiiKH npcanojiaraeMO Bi>3pa>KeHHe (b>k. Man. 1:2,6,7,12,13; 2:14,17 {^Ba myra}; 3:7,13,14).
m
NASB «(no HoeeuiKH roeopsi)"
NKJV „(roBopsi KaTO hobck)"
NRSV „(roBopsi no hobcuikh HanHH)"
TEV „(roBopsi ci>mo KaTO HOBeuHTe)"
JB „H3noji3BaHKH HOBeuiKa aHajiornsi"
IlaBeji necTO H3noji3Ba HOBeuiKaTa jiorHKa b cbohtc 6orocjiOBCKH apryMeHTH (b^k. 6:19; I Kop. 9:8; Taji.
3:15). TyK Ta (J)yHKHHOHHpa KaTO HanHH 3a oxxBtpjiaHe TBtp^eHHaTa Ha npeflnojiaraeMHa Bi>3pa3HTeji.
3:7-8 HMa oneBnaeH napaneji Meac^y cthxobc 5 h 7. IlaBeji hjih (1) nporbJDKaBa c jiHreparypHHa noxBaT Ha
H3o6jiHHHTejiHara pen - c npcanojiaraeM Bi>3pa3HTe.ii (b>k. 3:5,7; 7:7; 8:31; 9:14,30) hjih (2) pearnpa Ha KpHraica
othocho HeroBOTO nponoBa^BaHe 3a „onpaB^aHHe caMO npe3 Bapa" (b>k. ct. 8).
IlaBeji He ^aBa no^po6HO o6acHeHHe, ho eHeprHHHO oct^a o6BHHeHHeTO. Bi>3mo}kho e Bi>3pa>KeHHeTO ki>m
6e3njiaraoTO, He3acjiy>KeHO onpaB^aHHe caMO npe3 Bapa p,a ,ac>Be,ae no 6e33aKOHHe hjih p,a 3acnjiH
HenoKopcTBOTO. IlaBeji BapBa b TOBa, ne 6e3njiaTHaTa 6jiaro,aaT me ^OBe^e no xpHCTonoAo6He ipe3 hob ^yx h
>khbot Ha 6jiaroAapHOCT! lOfleiicKHTe h rptHKHre MoparracTH, 3ae,aHO c IlaBeji OHaKBar cthhch HanHH Ha ^khbot
ot CBOHTe o6pi>meHHH! ToBa o6ane e bi>3mo>kho He ipe3 b^hhiho cna3BaHe Ha 3aicoHa, ho ipe3 e^HO hobo cbpue
(b>k. EpeM. 31:31-34; E3eK. 36:22-36).
3:7 „aKo" ToBa e YCJIOBHO JOPEqEHHE OT ITLPBH KJIAC (ci>mo 3 h 5 ct.), kocto aBTopivr .apnycKa 3a BapHO hjih
o6cjiy>KBa HeroBaTa JiHTepaTypHa Hen.
® „npeyMH05KH" Bac. CnEITHAJIHO nOHilTHE kt>m 15:13.
11 „HeroBaTa cjiaBa" Bidk Gchokkh ki>m 3:23.
UHTAT OT BLJirAPCKHfl IIPEBOA BEPEH — 3:9-18
ToraBa icaKBO? HviaMe jih HHe HaKaKBO npe^HMCTBO npe,a e3HHHHHHTe? Ci>BceM He, 3amoTO Bene
o6BHHHXMe h lOflen, h n>pHH, ne Te bchhkh ca nofl rpax. KaKTO e nncaHo: „HaMa npaBe^eH hhto e^HH, HaMa
hhkoh pa3yMeH, HaMa koh ,aa Tbpcn Bora. Bchhkh ce OTKjiOHHxa, 3ae^HO CTaHaxa Hero^HH, HaMa koh na.
Btpinn ^o6po, HaMa hhto e^HH." „rpo6 OTBopeH e n>pjiOTO hm, c e3HHHTe ch MaMaT." „AcnH^OBa OTpoBa HMa
nofl ycTHHre hm." „TexHHTe ycTa ca hi>jihh c npoKjiaTHe h ropHHBHHa." „KpaKara hm ca 6i>p3H ^a npojiHBaT
Kpi>B, onycTOineHHt
HaMa CTpax ot Bora."
UHTAT OT AHrjIHHCKHfl IIPEBOfl NASB — 3:9-18
59
Kpi)B, onycTOineHHe h pa3opeHHe e b nbTHmara hm h Te He ca no3HajiH ntTa Ha MHpa." " „npe,a ohhtc hm
^hat then? Are we better than they? Not at all; for we have already charged that both Jews and
Greeks are all under sin; 10 as it is written, „THERE IS NONE RIGHTEOUS, NOT EVEN ONE; "THERE IS NONE
who understands, there is none who seeks for god; 12 all have turned aside, together they
have become useless; there is none who does good, there is not even one." ""their throat is
an open grave, with their tongues they keep deceiving," „the poison of asps is under their
lips"; 14 "Whose mouth is full of cursing and bitterness"; 15 Their feet share swift to shed
blood, "Destruction and misery are in their paths, 17 And the path of peace they have not
known." 18 "there is no fear of god before their eyes."
3:9 „no-flo6pH jih CMe ot thx" TyK rpaMaraicaTa e HeacHa. Ohcbuzjho, raaBHara HCTHHa b tc>3h nacaac e, ne
najiOTO HOBenecTBO ce Hy^ae ot Eo>KHaTa Gjiaro^aT (b>k. 3:9,19,23; 11:32; Taji. 3:22). 06aie He e CHiypHO
^ajiH KOHKpeTHOTO no30BaBaHe Kacae eBpenre (HaBeji n eBpeficKHTe cbGpara, b>k. TEV, RSV) hjih xpHCTnaHHre
(IlaBeji n BapBamHTe, HManjH EoacnaTa 6jiaro,naT). lOflenre HMajiH hhkoh npe^HMCTBa (b*c. ct. 1-2; 9:4-5), ho Te
HOcaT no-rojiaMa OTroBopHOCT! Bchhkh xopa ca .nyxoBHO H3ry6eHH h ce Hy^aaT ot BoacnaTa Gjiaro^aT.
ManuHHa yneHH CMaTaT, ne „no-Ao6pH" e b nACHBEH, a He b CPE/JEH 3AJIor („no-Ao6pH"), 3aTOBa
npeBOK^ar flyMara KaTO „otjihhhjih ce npe3".
Phmjihhh necTO ce npneivia 3a Hafi-HeyTpajiHOTO IlaBjiOBO nncMO. noBeieTO nHCMa Ha IlaBeji ce oraacaT ^o
MecTHH Hyac^H hjih KpH3H ( ^OKyMeHTH, HanncaHH no KOHKpeTeH noBO,a). Hvia BepoaTHOCT 06aie to3h tckct,
KaKTO h rjiaBH 9-11 j\a ca HanncaHH no noBO,a peBHOCira Meayjy BapBamnre loaeiicKH BoaaiH h noBapBajinre
e3nnecKH jntaepn.
H „nofl rpsix" IlaBeji npeflcraBa „rpexa" KaTO acecTOKna rocnoaap Ha naaHanoTO HOBeiecTBO (b>k. 6: 16-23).
Ct. 3:10-18 „Kaicro e nncaHo" Ta3n (J)pa3a Cbnjo ce noaBaBa b cthx 4. CjieflBamnre H3aBjieHna ca cepnn ot C3
nnTara, H3noji3BaniH MeTaiJDopn 3a HOBeniKOTO Tajio, 3a ,aa noanepTaaT naaeHneTO Ha HOBeiecTBOTo: (1) cthxobc
10-12, Ekji. 7:20 hjih lie. 14:1-3; (2) ct. 13, lie. 5:9 hjih 140:3; (3) ct.14, lie. 10:7; (4) craxoBe 15-17, Hcaa
59:7-8 nflp. 1:16, h (5) ct. 18, fie. 36:1. H3HeHaa,Bamo e, ne IlaBeji He H3noji3Ba Hcaa 53:6.
HHTAT OT EKTTAPCKHfl UPEBORBEPEH — 3:19-20
19
A 3HaeM, ne KaKBOTO Ka3Ba 3aicoHbT, Ka3Ba ro Ha OHe3H, kohto ca no,a 3aKOHa, 3a ,aa ce 3aTBopaT ycTaTa Ha
20
BceKnro h nejinaT CBaT jxa. 6i>,zie noacbAHM npe,a Bora. 3amoTO hhto e^HO ci>3,aaHHe HaMa ,aa ce onpaB^ae npe,a
Hero npe3 .aejiaTa Ha 3aKOHa, noHeace npe3 3aKOHa CTaBa caMO no3HaBaHeTO Ha rpexa.
HHTAT OT AHrjIHHCKHfl nPEBORNASB — 3:19-20
19 Now we know that whatever the Law says, it speaks to those who are under the Law, so that every
mouth may be closed and all the world may become accountable to God; 20 because by the works of the Law
no flesh will be justified in His sight; for through the Law comes the knowledge of sin.
3:19 „3Haeivi" Bac. 6ejie>KKaTa ici>m 2:2.
ii
11 „3aKOHBT" B T03H KOHTeKCT ^yMara Tpa6Ba ,aa ce oraaca ,ao nejina C3 nopa^n nacasenre, nnTiipaHH b ct. 10-
18. naBeji ojiHijeTBopaBa „3aKOHa", KaKTO npaBH c „rpexa" b ct. 9 (b>k. 6: 16-23).
H „3a Te3H, kohto ca noa 3aKOHa" ToBa ce OTHaca e^HOSHaHHO ki>m BapBamnre lo^en h e3HHHnnH. Tpa6Ba ,aa
ce Kaace 06aie ne HaicojiKO ot C3 nHTara icacaaT esHHHnnnre.
NASB „BcsiKa ycTa aa 6i>ae 3aTeopeHa h uciihsit cbht aa CTaHe OTroeopeH npea Bora"
NKJV „BCHKa ycTa aa 6t,ae cnpsiHa h ucjihsit cbsit aa e bhhobch npea Bora"
60
NRSV „BCHKa ycTa #a 3aMi>jiHH h cbcti>t #a 6i>ae atpacaH oiroBopeH npea Bora"
TEV „aa cnpaT bchhkh hobcuikh iobhhchhh h aa aoBeaar CBeTa noa Eohchcto octa^aHe"
JB „HMa 3a ueji aa cmi>jihh bchhkh h cbcti>t jj,a 6i>ae nofljioaceH Ha EoacnsiTa npHCtfla"
ToBa e rjiaBHaTa TeMa Ha raaBH 1: 18-3:20, kohto ca o6o6meHH b 3:23.
H „BCsiKa ycTa" Hivia hjikojiko 4>pa3H b cthxobc 19-20, kohto o6o3HanaBaT hjijioto HOBenecTBO.
1 . „BcaKa ycTa" - cthx 1 9
2. „uejiH5iT cbst" - CTHX 19
3 . „hh e^Ha TBap" - cthx 20
3:20 „ npe3 aejiaTa Ha 3aKOHa, hh e^Ha TBap Hsiivia aa 6i>ae onpaeaaHa npea Hero" Cthxt>t e npenparica
ktjM lie. 143:2, ho c AoGaBeHa (J)pa3a. ToBa e rjiaBmurr acneKT ot EBaHrejineTO Ha IlaBeji (b>k. Tan. 2: 16; 3:1 1).
Bn^eHKH ^eeH (J)apHceH, IlaBeji otjihhho 3Hae, ne pejiHrH03HH5rr emycHas'bM h BtHiHHHre npoaBH He ca b
CbCToaHne j\?l ocnrypaT BtTpemeH MHp.
ii
NASB, NRSV «npe3 3aKOHa Hne no3HaBaivie rpexa"
NKJV «npe3 3aKOHa nojiynaBaivie no3HaHHe 3a rpexa"
TEV «npe3 3aKOHa hobck pa36npa, ne e cbrpeuinji"
JB „bchhko, KoeTO 3aKOHi>T npaBii, e aa hh Ka^ce, KaKBO e rpeuiHo"
ToBa e e^na ot Hejinre Ha C3. B^c. CnEljHAJlHO noiMTHE kbm 13:9. 3aKOHbT He e cnoco6eH %a flOHece
cnaceHne Ha naflHanoTO HOBenecTBO. HeroBaTa Hen e p,a pa3Kpne rpexoBHOCira h p,a npHBjiene bchhkh xopa kbm
BoacHaTa mhjioct (b>k. 4:15; 5:13,20; 7:7; Tan. 3:19-22, 23-29).
BBnPOCH 3A OECB5K3AHE
To3h KOMeHTap e caMO p^kobo^ctbo 3a H3ynaBaHe. ToBa 03HanaBa, ne Bne caMH HOCHTe OTroBopHOCT 3a
HanHHa, no kohto TbjiKyBaTe EnGjinaTa. BceKH ot Hac Tpa6Ba j\a xoan b CBeTjiHHaTa, kohto My e ^aneHa.
ripnopHTeT npn HHTepnpeTaHiurra CTe caMHaT Bne, BauiaTa Eh6jih>i h Cbcthjit Jfyx. He 6nBa p,a npexBtpjiaTe
Ta3H OTrOBOpHOCT Ha kohto Hflae KOMeHrarop.
HacToanjHTe BT>npocH 3a oGcb^aHe uejurr p,a bh noflnoMorHar p,a o6mhcjihtc ocHOBHHTe tcmh b to3h
pa3Aeji Ha nocjiaHHeTO. Uejrra hm e j\a npe,aH3BHKaT mhcjih, a He j\a fla^aT KpafiHH OTroBopn.
1. KaK HeBepneTO Ha Kweirre Bjinae Ha BoacneTO o6emaHHe? (3:3-4)
2. Hivia jih HaKaKBO npe^HMCTBO npe,a Bora b TOBa p,a Gt^eHi KmeHH? (3:1-8)
3. KaKBa e Hejrra Ha npeflnojiaraeMOTO BtspasceHHe (H3o6jiHHHTejiHa pen) b cthxobc 5-8?
4. J\aim HanHHbT Ha >khbot e ot 3HaneHHe, aKO onpaB^aHHeTO e no Gjiaro^aT, npe3 Bapa h 6e3 fle.na (b>k.
3:8)?
5. fle(J)HHHpaHTe 6orocjiOBCKaTa (KanBHHOBa) KOHHeni(Ha 3a ntjiHara noKBapa (b>k. 3:10-18).
6. KaKBa e Hejrra Ha MoficeeBHa 3aKOH hjih Ha 3aKOHa no npHHHHn (b>k. 3:20; ran. 3:24-25)?
7. 3amo CaTaHa He e cnoMeHaT Bi>o6me b raaBH 1-3, kohto ce 3aHHMaBar c nafleHHeTO Ha HOBeKa?
HABJIKDAEHHfl BBPXY KOHTEKCTA HA PHMJIflHH 3:21-31
A. Phmjihhh 3:21-31
1. KyjiMHHaHHOHHO o6o6meHHe b 1:18-3:20.
2. rpaflau;HH b 1:16-17.
3. BtBe^eHHe kbm raaBH 4-8 (oco6. 3:28)
61
B. ToBa KyjiMHHai(HOHHO o6o6meHHe Ha flOKrpHHaTa 3a onpaB^aHHeTO npe3 Bapa e KOMeHTHpairo ot
pe<J)opMaTopHTe:
1. MapTHH JlyTep ro onpeflejia KaTO „rjiaBHaTa TOHKa h MHoro HempajiHO Macro b nocjiaHHaTa h b
uajiara EnGjiHa",
2. }KaH KajiBHH CMaTa, ne „HaH-BepoaTHO b Hajiara EH6jraa HaMa flpyr nacaac, kohto iio-,zit>ji6oko ,15a
onncBa npaB^ara Ha Bora b Xphctoc".
C. ToBa e 6orocjiOBCKara cbhihoct Ha eBaHrejiCKOTO xpHcraaHCTBO. Ako pa36epeM to3h kohtckct, me CMe
HaacHO c xpncTHaHCTBOTO. ToBa e eBaHrejraeTO, o6o6meHO b ^Ba naparpa<})a, KaKTO HoaH 3:16 e
eBaHrejineTO b e^HH cthx. ToBa e cbpueTO h ^ymaTa Ha IlaBjiOBOTO npe^CTaBaHe Ha eBaHrejraeTO.
TpHTe kjiiohobh HHTepnpeTaTHBHH B^npoca ca:
1. KaKBO 3HaHH nOHaTHCTO „3aKOH"?
2. KaKBO 3HanH noHaTHeTO „npaB^aTa Ha Bora"?
3 . KaKBO 3HanaT noHaTHaTa „Bapa" h „BapBaM"?
D. Ejiaronapa na Bora 3a flyMara „bchhkh" b cthx 22 (b>k. ct. 29) h .jryMara „flap" b cthx 24 (b^k. 5:15,17;
6:23).
H3CJIEABAHE HA ^YMH H G>PA3H
HHTAT OT BLJirAPCKHfl UFEBOR BEPEH — 3:21-26
Ho cera OT^ejiHO ot 3aKOHa ce aBH BoacnaTa npaB^a, 3a KoaTO CBH^eTejiCTBar 3aKOHbT h npopoHHTe,
ToecT Bo>KHeTO onpaB^aHHe npe3 Bapa b Hncyc XpncTOC, 3a bchhkh (h Ha bchhkh), kohto BapBaT; 3amoTO HaMa
pa3JiHKa, 3amoTO bchhkh cbrpeinnxa h ca jihuichh ot Bo>KHaTa cnaBa, ho ce onpaB^aBar ^apoM ot HeroBaTa
Gjiaroflar npe3 H3KynjieHHeTO, KoeTO e b XpncTOC Hncyc. Hero Bor nocTaBH 3a yMHjiocTHBeHHe npe3 HeroBaTa
KptB nocpe^CTBOM Bapa; 3a ^a noKaace CBoaTa npaB^a b npomeHHeTO Ha rpexoBeTe, HSBtpmeHH no-Hanpe^,
KoraTO Bor ^tjiro Tbpneine, 3a p,a noKaace CBoaTa npaB^a b HacToamoTO BpeMe - ne Ton e cnpaBe,ajiHB h ne
onpaB^aBa to3h, kohto BapBa b Hncyc.
HHTAT OT AHrjIHHCKHfl nPEBOA NASB — 3:21-26
21 But now apart from the Law the righteousness of God has been manifested, being witnessed by the
Law and the Prophets, 22 even the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ for all those who
believe; for there is no distinction; 23 for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, 24 being justified
as a gift by His grace through the redemption which is in Christ Jesus; 25 whom God displayed publicly as a
propitiation in His blood through faith. This was to demonstrate His righteousness, because in the
forbearance of God He passed over the sins previously committed; 26 for the demonstration, / say, of His
righteousness at the present time, so that He would be just and the justifier of the one who has faith in
Jesus.
3:21 „Ho cera" naBen cpaBHaBa CTapna c HoBHa 3aBeT, crapaTa enoxa Ha Gynra c HOBara Ha npaB^aTa. To e
napanejiHO Ha H3pa3a „b HacToameTo" (b>k. ct. 26; „ho cera" b 6:22; 7:6).
111 „cera He3aBHCHMO ot 3aKOHa" B Te3H HanajiHH raaBH necTO e TpyaHO j\& ce onpe^ejiH .narra naBeji BH3npa
MoficeeBHa 3aKOH (NASB) hjih 3aKOHa (NRSV, TEV, NJB, NIV) KaTO uajio. B to3h kohtckct KmeficKHaT 3aKOH
HaH-^o6pe nacBa c apryMeHTa Ha naBen. Bchhkh xopa ca HapyuinjiH bcckh Ha6op ot MopanHH h couHariHH
HacoKH, 6hjio BtTpeinHH hjih bt>hihhh. HainnaT npo6jieM KaTO nanHajio hobchcctbo e b TOBa, ne no npnHnnn He
HCKaMe HacoKH, ocBeH 3a HaninTe eroHCTHHHH h ceGeHempHHHH >KejiaHHa (b>k. Bht. 3 rji.).
H
NASB „npaBeflHOCTTa Ha Bora"
62
NKJV, NRSV „Eo5KHsiTa npaBenHOCT"
TEV „Bo5khsit HanHH 3a npaenjiHO oSxoayjaHe c xopaTa"
NJB „Eo2KH5iTa cnacsreama npaBna"
JfyMara „npaBeflHOCT" He e HjieHyBaHa c m>neH HjieH. Ta He icacae Bo^cna xapaKTep, ho HeroBHa HanHH na
nponjaBa h fla npneivia rpeuiHHTe. d>mara (J)pa3a npncbCTBa b 6orocjiOBCKaTa TeMa Ha Phmji. 1:16-17. CTaBa
acHO, ne MexaHH3Mi)T e Bapa b pa3nHaraa Hcyc XpncTOC (b>k. ct. 22,24-26).
cDaicrbT, ne to3h TepMHH (dikaiosone) h HeroBHTe npoH3BOflHH (bidk 6ene>KKH b 2:13) ca H3noji3BaHH
TOJiKOBa necTO b to3h KOHTeKCT, noKa3Ba HeroBOTO 3HaneHHe (b>k. 1:17; 3:5,21,22,25,26; 4:3,5,6,9,11,13,22;
5:17,21; 6:13,16,18,19,20; 8:10; 9:28,30,31; 10:3,4,5,6,10,17). Tosh rpwpai TepMHH e ot C3 KOHCTpyKHHomia
MeTa<})opa (tsadak) 3a „CTaHflapT" hjih „MepHTejiHa TptcTHKa". CTaHflapTbT e CaMHaT Bor. To3h TepMHH
OTpa3aBa Bo>KHa xapaKTep, kohto e roaBeH Ha naflHaiiOTO HOBenecTBO npe3 XpncTOC (b^k. II Kop. 5:21).
IlpH3HaBaHeTO Ha HOBeniKara Hy>Kfla h npneMaHeTO Ha Bo^cna flap BHHarn e 6hjio h e yHH3HTejiHO 3a
ropflejiHBHH, eroHempHHeH HOBeK - oco6eHO 3a penHrH03HHa jieranncT. Bac. CnEITHAJTHO nOHilTHE kbm 1:17.
H „ce sibh" Ta3H (J)pa3a e MHoro noflo6Ha Ha 1:17. 06ane rjiarojitT e pa3JiHneH. TyK rjiarojrbT Moace fla Gtfle
npeBe^eH icaTO „e 6hjio pa3KpnTO h npofl^jracaBa acHO fla ce pa3KpHBa". ToBa e itepoektho bpeme,
CTPA^ATEJIEH 3AJIOE, H3iIBHTEJIHO HAKJIOHEHHE, flOKaro CHHOHHM'bT B 1: 17 e B CEEAEIHO BPEME. Bor aCHO e
pa3Kpnji EBaHrejineTO h b CTapna 3aBeT (b>k. rjiaBa 4), h npe3 Hcyc.
H „3a kosito CBHaeTejiCTByeaT 3aKOHi>T h IIpopoi^HTe" H3pa3T>T icacae flBa ot TpnTe pa3flena Ha lOfleiicKHa
(3aKOH, npopouH h IlHcaHHa) KaHOH. IltpBHTe flBa ca H3noji3BaHH, 3a fla o6o3HanaT uanoTO (bidk 6ejieacKH b
3:19). HspastT acHO noKa3Ba, ne EBaHrejineTO e npncbCTBano b npeflBapHrenHa (J)opMa b C3 (b>k. Jlyica
24:27,44; J^esanm 10:43). ToBa He e flom>nHHTenHa mhcbji, „IljiaH B" hjih BapnaHT 3a b nocneflHHa MOMenr (b^k.
1:2).
3:22 „npe3 ssipa b Hcyc XpHcroc" EyKBanmiaT H3pa3 e „npe3 Bapa Ha Hcyc XpncTOC." ToBa e KOHCTpyKHHa b
EEHHTHB. Ta e noBTopeHa b Tan. 2:16 h Ohji. 3:9, KaKTO h noflo6Ha (JiopMa b Phmji. 3:26; ran. 2:16,20; 3:22.
Moace fla 03HanaBa (1) BapaTa hjih BepHOCira Ha Hcyc (EEHHTHB HA no/UIOEA) hjih (2) Hcyc KaTO o6eKTa Ha
HamaTa Bapa (EEHHTHB HA /JOHLJTHEHHETO). d>mara rpaMarHHecKa KOHCTpyKi(Ha b Tan. 2:16 noKa3Ba, ne (2)
Haii-flo6pHaT H36op.
Cthxbt noKa3Ba rjiaBHHa acneKT Ha Eokhcto onpaBflaHHe. ToBa e npaBflara Ha XpncTOC, KoaTO BjiH3a b
HenHH >khbot 3apaflH BoacHa He3acjiy5KeH flap, npe3 XpncTOC (b>k. 4:5; 6:23). Ta Tpa6Ba fla ce npneMe npe3
Bapa/BapBaHe/flOBepne (b>k. E(J>ec. 2:8-9) h fla ce >KHBee e>KeflHeBHO (b>k. E(J)ec. 2:10).
111 „3a bchhkh" EBaHrejineTO e 3a bchhkh HOBeuH (b>k. ct. 24; Hcaa 53:6; E3eic. 18:23; HoaH 3:16-17; 4:42; I
Thm. 2:4; 4:10; Tht 2:11; II neT. 3:9; I HoaH 4:14). KaKBa BejiHKa HCTHHa! ToBa Tpa6Ba fla 6ajiaHcnpa
6H6jieiiCKaTa HCTHHa 3a H36opa. BoacnaT H36op He Tpa6Ba fla ce pa36npa b HCJiaMCKHa cmhcbji Ha
fleTepMHHH3Ma, hhto nbK b yjiTpaKajiBHHHCTKHa CMHCbn Ha „HaKOH 3a CMeTKa Ha flpyrn", HO B 3aBeTHHa CMHCbJI.
Crapo3aBeTHHaT H36op e c Hen cny>KeHHe, a He no npHBHjierHa! Bor e o6eman fla H3Kynn naflHarraa (b>k. Bht.
3:15). Bor e npH30Ban h H36pan uajiOTO HOBenecTBO npe3 H3panji (b^k. Bht. 12:3; H3x. 19:5-6). Bor H36npaHpe3
Bapa b XpncTOC. Ton BHHarn B3HMa HHHHHaraBara b cnaceHHeTO (b>k. HoaH 6:44,65). E(J)ecaHH 1 rji. h PnMjiaHH
9 rji. ca Haii-CHjiHHTe 6H6neiicKH nacaacn b flOKTpHHaTa 3a npeflonpeflejieHHeTO, 6orocjiOBCKH noflnepTaHa ot
ABiyCTHH H KajIBHH.
Bor e H36paji BapBaiflHre He caMO 3a cnacemie (onpaBflaHne), ho cbiiio Taxa h 3a ocBenjeHHe (b>k. E(J)ec. 1:4;
Kara. 1:12). ToBa 6h Tpa6Bano fla ce OTHaca flo (1) Hamara no3mjna b XpncTOC (b>k. II Kop. 5:21) hjih (2)
BoacneTO >KenaHHe fla npoH3Befle HeroBHa xapaKTep b fleuaTa Ch (b>k. Phmji. 8:28-29; ran. 4:19; E(})ec. 2:10).
BoacnaTa Bona 3a HeroBHTe fleua e He6eTO HaKOH fleH h xpHCTonofloGne cera!
Henra Ha npeflonpeflejieHHeTO e CBaTOCT, a He npHBHjierHa! Bo>KHeTO npH3BaHHe He e caMO 3a HaKOH fleua
Ha AflaM, ho 3a bchhkh! ToBa e nproHB 3a ynoflo6aBaHe Ha Boacna xapaKTep (b^k. I Con. 5:23; II Con. 2:13).
63
KoraTO 6orocjiOBCKHTe chctcmh H3MecTBaT aKnenra ot CBeraa »chbot h ro nocTaBjrr Btpxy npeAonpeAejieHHeTO,
TOBa e Tparcana 3a TeojioraaTa. Hecro HaniHTe 6orocjiOBCKH HnrepnpeTannH roonanaBaT 6n6jieHCKna tckct!
Bat CnEqHAJIHO noiWTHE: H3BOP / nPE^OnPE^EJIEHHE H HY5K3ATA OT BOrOCJIOBCKH
EAJIAHCk™8:33.
H „kohto Bsipea" Hcyc yMpa 3a bchhkh xopa. noTeHnHamo bchhkh MoraT j\a G^ar cnaceHH. JIhhhoto
npneMaHe ot CTpaHa Ha BceKH hobck (CErAIIIHO nPlTCACTHE), npaBH HcycoBara npaB^a npHjio>KHMa 3a TexHna
acHBOT (b>k. 1:16; HoaH 1:12; 3:16; 20:31; Phmji. 10:9-13; I HoaH 5:13). EnGjinaTa npe^CTaBa ^Ba Kpnrepna 3a
BMeHeHaTa npaB^a: Bapan noKaaHne (b»c. MapK 1:15; fleaHna 3:16,19; 20:31 h bh^k Gchokkh b 1:5). To3h tckct
acHO pa3KpHBa yHHBepcanHna o6xBaT Ha cnaceHHeTO, ho He bchhkh me ce cnacaT.
11 „noHe5Ke Hsuvia pa3JiHKa" HMa caMO e^HH m>T h e^HH Hobck, npe3 KoroTO xopaTa (Kmen h c3hhhhl(h) p,a ce
cnacaT (b^k. HoaH 10:1-2,7; 11:25; 14:6). BceKH h bchhkh MoraT j\a Gt^aT cnaceHH npe3 Bapa b Xphctoc (b>k.
1:16; 4:11,16; 10:4,12; Tan. 3:28; Koji. 3:11).
3:23-26 ToBa e e^HO H3peneHHe Ha rptuKn.
3:23
NASB, NKJV, NRSV „noHe5Ke bchhkh ctrpeuinxa"
TEV „bchhkh ca cbrpeiirajiH h ca aajien ot"
JB „ci>rpeuiHxa h 3ary6Hxa"
ToBae o6o6meHHeTO Ha 1:18-3:20. Bchhkh HMaT Hy>K^a ^a ce cnacaT npe3 Xphctoc (b^k. 3:9,19; 11:32; Tan.
3:22; Hcaa 53:6). „Ci>rpeiHHxa" e CBtpineHO BpeMe, .neaTejieH 3anor, H3aBHrejiHO HaKjiOHeHne, flOKaTO
„npoAtJi>KaBa j\a ce jininaBa" e CErAEiHO bpeme, cpe/ieh 3AJior, H3iiBHTEJiHO hakjiohehhe. Mo>Ke 6h Ta3H
(J)pa3a ce oraaca ,zio kojickthbhoto na^eHHe b A^aivi (b>k. 5:12-21) h HeroBHTe npofl'b.rDKHTejiHH ^eficTBna Ha
6yHT. Hhkoh ot cbBpeMeHHnre aHrjinncKH npeBOfln He OTpa3aBa kohkpctho TOBa pa3rpaHHnaBaHe.
T03H CTHX Ce OTHaCa 6orOCJIOBCKH KbM CTHX 21 H HH^HpeKTHO KbM CTHX 24.
® „cjiaBaTa Ha Bora" B C3 Han-necTara eBpencKa ^yMa 3a „cjiaBa" (kbd) ntpBOHanajiHO e TbproBCKH TepMHH, (
OTHacam ce KbM hhijdt bc3hh), kocto 3Hann „na Gt^eiH TOKbK." ToBa, kocto tokh, HMa neHa h onpe^ejieHa
ctohhoct. KoHi(enL(HaTa 3a cnaHHe necTO e ^o6aBaHa KbM ^yMara, 3a j\a H3pa3H BoacneTO BejiHHHe (b^k. H3x.
19:16-18; 24:17; Hcaa 60:1-2). CaMHaT Ton e flOcroeH h noHTeH. Ton e TBtp^e 6jiecTam 3a nazmanoTO
HOBenecTBO, 3a j\a ro rjieflar (b>k. H3x. 33: 17-23; Hcaa 6:5). Bor MO>Ke j\a Gt^e hcthhckh no3HaBaeM canHCTBeHO
npe3 Xphctoc (b>k. EpeM. l:14;MaT. 17:2; EBp. 1:3; ^Ikob 2:1).
flyMara „cjiaBa" e HaKaK HeacHa: (1) Mo^ce j\a e napajien c „npaB^aTa Ha Bora" (ct. 21); (2) Mo^ce ^a ce
OTHaca 3a oflo6peHHeTO Ha Bora (b>k. HoaH 12:43); (3) Mo^ce p,a ce OTHaca 3a o6pa3a Ha Bor, no kohto e
Cb3AaneHO HOBenecTBOTO (b>k. Bht. 1:26-27; 5:1; 9:6), ho kohto no-KbCHO e noMpaneH npe3 6yHT (b>k. Bht. 3:1-
22), ho npe3 Xphctoc e BT>3CTaHOBeH (b>k. II Kop. 3:18). To3h TepMHH e H3noji3BaH 3a m>pBH m>T b C3 3a
npncbCTBHeTO Ha YHWH c HeroBHTe xopa (b^k. H3x. 16:7,10; JleB. 9:23; Hncna 14: 10), kocto Bee onje e Hejrra.
| CnEijHAJiHO noHHTHE: CJIABA
Tpy^HO e p,a ce Ae<J)HHHpa 6n6jieHCKara n^ea 3a „cjiaBa." CnaBaTa Ha BapBamnTe e b TOBa, ne
pa36npaT eBaHrejraeTO h cnaBaT Bora, a He - ce6e ch (b>k. 1 :29-3 1; EpeM. 9:23-24).
B C3 Han-necTara eBpencKa ^yMa 3a „cjiaBa" (kbd) ntpBOHanajiHO e TbproBCKH TepMHH, ( OTHacam
ce KbM hh(J)t bc3hh), kocto 3HaHH „^a GtAein tok^k." ToBa, KoeTO tokh, HMa u;eHa h onpe^ejieHa
ctohhoct. KoHuenHHaTa 3a cnaHHe necTO e ^o6aBaHa kt>m ^yMaTa, 3a ^a H3pa3H BoacneTO BejiHHHe (b>k.
H3x. 19:16-18; 24:17; Hcaa 60:1-2). CaMHaT Ton e aoctoch h noHTeH. Ton e TBtp^e 6jiecTam 3a
naflHanoTO hobchcctbo, 3a ^a ro rae^aT (b>k. H3x. 33:17-23; Hcaa 6:5). Bor Moace ^a Gt^e hcthhckh
no3HaBaeM cahhctbcho npe3 XpncTOC (b^k. EpeM. 1: 14; MaT. 17:2; EBp. 1:3; .Hkob 2: 1).
64
JfyMara „cjiaBa" e HaKaK HeacHa: (1) mtokc fla e napanen c „npaBflara Ha Bora" (ct. 21); (2) MO>Ke fla
ce oraaca 3a oflo6peHHeTO Ha Bora (b>k. HoaH 12:43); (3) Mo^ce fla ce oraaca 3a o6pa3a Ha Bor, no kohto
e ci>3flafleHO HOBeiecTBOTO (b>k. Bht. 1:26-27; 5:1; 9:6), ho kohto no-KbCHO e noMpaieH npe3 6yHT (b>k.
Eht. 3:1-22), ho ipe3 XpncTOC e Bi>3CTaHOBeH (b>k. II Kop. 3:18). To3h TepMHH e H3noji3BaH 3a m>pBH
m>T b C3 3a npncbCTBHeTO Ha YHWH c HeroBHre xopa (b>k. H3x. 16:7,10; JleB. 9:23; Hncjia 14:10),
KoeTO Bee onje e Hejrra.
3:24 „onpaBflaHH flapoM npe3 HeroeaTa SjiaroflaT" H3pa3i>T e b CErAEIHO BPEME, CTPA^ATEJIHO
nPlPIACTHE. EBaHrejineTO 3anoiBa ot Tyic - BoacnaTa 6jiaroflar, kohto flaBa npaBfla (b>k. 5:15-17; 6:23).
rptHKHHT TepMHH „onpaBflaBaM" (dikaioo) e ot equina KopeH KaKTO h flyMara „npaBeflHOCT" (dikaiosune). Bor
BHHarn noeMa HHHHHaraBara (b>k. HoaH 6:44,65).
B CTHxoBe 24-25 HMa Tpn MeTa(})opH, onHCBamn cnaceHHeTo: (1) „onpaBflaHH", kocto e npaBeH TepMHH,
03HanaBam, ne hjikoh „He e ocbfleH" hjih e o6aBeH 3a „HeBHHeH"; (2) „H3KynjieHHe", TepMHH ot na3apa 3a po6n,
03HanaBam „KyneH othobo" hjih „ocBo6ofleH"; h (3) „yMHjiocraBaBaHe", TepMHH ot acepTBeHaTa CHCTeMa,
HanoMHam 3a msctoto Ha yMHjiocTHBjieHHe. CTaBa flyMa 3a KanaKa Ha KoBiera Ha 3aBeTa, KbfleTO 6e nocTaBaHa
^cepTBeHaTa Kpi>B b ,H,eHa Ha H3KynjieHHeTO (b>k. Lev. 16; EBp. 9:5).
| CnEUHAJlHO noHHTHE: HOBQ3ABETHH CBHflETEJICTBA 3A CnACEHHETO
1. To e ocHOBaHO Ha xapaKTepa Ha OTei; (b>k. HoaH 3:16), flejiOTO Ha CnHa (b>k. II Kop. 5:21), h
cjiy>KeHHeTO Ha Jfyxa (b^k. Phmji. 8:14-16), He Ha HOBeniKH fleiicTBHa, 3acjiy5KeHO noKopcTBO
hjih hi>k Bepyio.
2. To e flap (b>k. Phmji. 3:24; 6:23; E(J)ec. 2:5,8-9).
3. To e hob >khbot, hob CBeTorjiefl (b>k. ^Ikob h I HoaH).
4. To e no3HaHHe (eBaHrejraeTo), o6meHHe (Bapa b Hcyc), h hob HaiHH Ha >khbot
(xpHCTonoAo6He, BOfleHO ot /Jyxa), h Tpnre, B3eTH 3aeflHO, He nooTflejnio.
n „flap" naBejI H3nOJI3Ba Ta3H Hflea HaKOJIKO m>TH C pa3JIHHHH TepMHHH.
1 . dorean, HAPE^HE, „CBo6oflHo"
2. dorea, CLrqECTBHTEJIHO, „CBo6ofleH flap"
3. doron, CLII^ECTBHTEJIHO, „flap" (b>k. E(J)ec. 2:8)
4. charisma, CLII(ECTBHTEJIHO, „CBo6ofleH flap" or „He3acjiy>KeHO 6jiaroBOJieHHe" (b^k. 1:11; 5:15,16; 6:23;
11:29; 12:6)
5. charisomai, EJIAEOJI, „flafleH KaTO He3acjiy>KeHO 6jiaroBOJieHHe" (b^k. 8:32)
6. charis, CMLJECTBHTEJTHO, „He3acjiy>KeHa 6jiaroflar" hjih „He3acjiy5KeH flap" (b>k. 4:4,16; 11:5,6; E(J)ec.
2:5,8)
11 „npe3 H3KynjieHHeTO, kocto e b Xphctoc Hcyc" MexaHH3Mi>T Ha HaineTO cnacemie e 3aMecraHHecKara
CMtpT h Bi>3KpeceHHeTO Ha Hcyc. EnGjieiicKHaT cf)OKyc He e HacoieH ki>m TOBa kojiko e njiaTeHO hjih Ha Koro
(ABrycTHH), ho ki>m 4>aKTa, ne HOBeiecTBOTO e H36aBeHO ot BHHara Ha rpexa h HaKa3aHHeTO 3apaflH eflHH
HeBHHeH 3aMecTHTeji (b>k. HoaH 1:29,36; II Kop. 5:21; I neT. 1:19).
OraxbT noKa3Ba h rjeHHoerra Ha Bht. 3:15. Hcyc noHece npoKjiaTHeTO (b>k. Taji. 3:13) h yMpa (b^k. II Kop.
5:21) KaTO 3aMecTHreji 3a naflHanoTO HOBenecTBO. CnaceHHeTo MO>Ke h fla e 6e3njiarao, ho HHKaK He e eBTHHO.
|CnEUHAJiHonoHHTHE: H3KyiLIEHHE
I. CTAP 3ABET
65
A. Hvia ochobho flBa eBpeiicKH npaBHH TepMHHa, H3pa3aBamH Ta3H H^ea.
1 . Gaal, icoeTO 03HanaBa ,„aa ocbo6o,zui" nocpe^CTBOM rmaTeHa ueHa. OopMa Ha TepMHHa - go 'el
noacHaBa H^eaTa 3a jihhho nocpeflHiraecTBO ot CTpaHa Ha HjieH ot ceMencTBOTO (Hanp.,
cpo^HHR H3KynHTeji). To3H KyjiTypeH acneKT Kacae npaBOTO p,a. OTKynBain o6eKTH, >khbothh,
3eMa (b>k. JleB. 25,27), hjih po^hhhh (b>k. PyT 4:15; Hcaa 29:22) h e npncnocoGeH
6orocjiOBCKH, 3a ,aa onnine KaK YHWH H36aBa H3panji ot ErnneT.
(b>k. H3x. 6:6; 15:13; lie. 74:2; 77;15; EpeM. 31:11).Toh CTaBa „H3KynHTeji5rr" (b>k. Hob 19:25;
lie. 19:14; 78:35; Ftp. 23:1; Hcaa 41:14; 43:14; 44:6,24; 47:4; 48:17; 49:7,26; 54:5,8; 59:20;
60:16; 63:16; EpeM. 50:34).
2. Padah, kohto ochobho 03HaiaBa „^a H3Kyna" hjih „^a H36aBa"
a. H3KynjieHHeTO Ha ntpBopo^HHa, H3x. 1 3 : 1 3 , 1 4 h Hncjia 18:15-17
b. cDroHHecKOTO OTKynBaHe e npoTHBonocTaBeHO Ha ^yxoBHOTO H36aBjieHHe, lie. 49:7,8,15
c. YHWH me H3Kynn H3panji ot HeroBHa rpax h 6yHT, nc. 130:7-8
B. EorocjiOBCKaTa H^ea BKjiiOHBa Tpn CBi>p3aHH tohkh
1. HajiHue e Hy^c^a, po6ctbo, 3ary6a, 3aTBop.
a. (J)H3HHeCKH
b. COHHajIHO
b. flyxoBHO (b>k. nc. 130:8)
2. Tpa6Ba j\& 6i>,ne njiaTeHa He Ha 3a CBoGo^ara, H36aB5meTO h Bi>3CTaHOB5iBaHeTO.
a. HaHaiiHHTa, H3panji (b>k. BTop. 7:8)
b. Ha jiHHHOCTTa (b>k. Hob 19:25-27; 33:28)
3. Hjikoh Tpa6Ba ,na ^encTBa KaTO nocpe,HHHK h 6jiarofleTeji. npn gaal TOBa o6hkhobcho e HjieH
Ha ceMencTBOTO hjih 6jih3I)K cpo^HHR (i.e., go 'el).
3 . YHWH necTO onncBa Ce6e Ch, H3noji3BaiiKH ceMeiiHH TepMHHH.
a. Eama
b. Cbnpyr
C. EjIHS'bK CpOflHHK
H3KynjieHHeTO e HanHue nocpe^CTBOM jihhhoto nocpeflHiraecTBO Ha YHWH; HeHara e
njiareHa, h H3KynjieHHeTO e nocTHrHaTo!
II. HOB3ABET
A. Hvia HaKOJiKO TepMHHa, H3noji3BaHH p,a onninaT Ta3H 6orocjiOBCKa KOHuenHHa.
1. Agorazo (b>k. I Kop. 6:20; 7:23; II neT. 2: 1; OTicp. 5:9; 14:34). TbproBCKH TepMHH, noKa3Bam,
ie 3a Henjo e njiaTeHa ueHa. Hne CMe xopa, KyneHH c Kpi>B h He KompojinpaMe caMH TejiaTa
ch. Hne npHHaiuieacHM HaXpncTOC.
2. Exagorazo (b)k. Fan. 3:13; 4:5; E(J)ec. 5:16; Koji. 4:5). ToBa CT>mo e TbproBCKH TepMHH.
OTpa3HBa 3acrbnHHHecKaTa cmi>pt Ha XpncToc 3a Hac. Hcyc noHece „npoKjiaTHeTo" Ha
3aKOHa, ocHOBaH Ha ,aejia (t.c, MoiiceeBHa 3aKOH), Henjo, KoeTO rpeniHHTe xopa He Morar. Ton
noHece npoKjurraeTO 3apa^H (b>k. BTop. 21:23) bchhkh Hac! B Hcyc, Eo>KHaTa npaB^a h
jiio6ob npejiHBaT b nbjiHa nponiKa, npneMaHe h ^ocrbn!
3 . Lud, „fi,a ocBo6o,na"
a. Lutron, „njiareHa ueHa" (b)k. Mar. 20:28; Mapic 10:45). ToBa ca chjihh ,ayMH ot ycTaTa Ha
caMHa othocho uejira Ha HeroBOTO naBaHe ,aa 6i>,ae CnacnTeji Ha CBeTa KaTO 3anjiaTH
fltjira Ha rpexa, kohto He 6eine HeroB (b>k. HoaH 1:29).
b. Lutroo, „^a ocBo6o,zia"
(1) m H3Kynn H3panji , JlyKa 24:21
(2) ,aa My j\ap,Q qjxhr roicyneH h ohhctch Hapo,a, Tht 2:14
(3) ^a 6i>Ae 6e3rpeineH 3aMecTHTeji, I neT. 1:18-19
c. Lutrosis, „H3icynjieHHe, H36aBjieHHe hjih ocBoGoK^eHHe"
(1) 3axapneBOTO npoponecTBO 3a Hcyc, Jlyxa 1:68
66
(2) AHa npocnaBa Bora 3apann Hcyc, Jlyxa 2:38
(3) HcycoBaTa no-^o6pa acepTBa, npHHeceHa Bcanbac 3aBHHarH, EBp. 9:12
4. Apolytrosis
a. H3KynjieHHe npn Btopoto HzjBaHe (b>k. Jlpsnmx 3: 19-21)
(1) Jly K a 21:28
(2) Phmjihhh 8:23
(3) E(J)ecaHH 1:14; 4:30
(4) E B peH9:15
b. H3KynjieHHe b XpHCTOBara cmt>pt
(1) Phmjihhh 3:24
(2) I KopHHTJIHH 1:30
(3) E(J)ecaHH 1:7
(4) Kojiocshh 1:14
5. Antilytron (b>k. I Thm. 2:6). ToBa e ci>mecTBeH tckct (Kaicro h Tht 2:14), kohto roBopn 3a
3aMecTHHHecKaTa cmt>pt Ha Hcyc Ha KptcTa. Ton e caHHCTBeHara npneMjiHBa acepTBa; to3h,
kohto yMpa 3a „bchhkh" (b*c. HoaH 1:29; 3:16-17; 4:42; I Thm. 2:4; 4:10; Tht 2:11; II IleT.
3:9; I HoaH 2:2; 4:14).
B. HoB03aBeTHara 6orocjiOBCKa H^ea noKa3Ba:
1. HoBenecTBOTO e nopo6eHO ot rpexa (b>k. HoaH 8:34; Phmji. 3:10-18; 6:23).
2. HoBeniKOTO 3apo6BaHe ot rpexa e roaBeHO ot C3 MonceeB 3aKOH (b>k. Ean. 3) h ot HcycoBaTa
nponoBe^ na njiaHHHaTa(B>K. MaT. 5-7). HoBeuiKHre ^ena CTaBaT CMtpTHa npncb^a (b>k. Koji.
2:14).
3. Hcyc, 6e3rpeniHHaT ArHeu; Ha Eora Aotip,e h yMpa Ha Haine Macro (b>k. HoaH 1:29; II Kop.
5:21). Hne CMe H3KyneHH ot rpexa, 3a ^a cjiy>KHM Ha Eora (b>k. Phmji. 6).
4. PecneKTHBHO KaKTO YHWH, TaKa h Hcyc ca „6jiH3'bK cpoflHHK", kohto ^eiicTBa b Haina noji3a
ToBa e npoAi>JDKeHHe Ha ceMeifflara MeTa<J)opa (T.e., 6ama, cbnpyr, chh, 6par, GjirotK
CpOAHHK).
5. H3KynjieHHeTO He e ueHa, njiaTeHa Ha CaTaHa (T.e., Cpe^HOBeKOBHO 6orocjiOBHe), ho
npHMnpeHHe Meac^y EoacneTO cjiobo h HeroBOTO npaBOCb^He, h hi>jiho o6e3neHaBaHe b
XpncTOC. Ha KptCTa MHpi>T e Bi>3CTaHOBeH, HOBeiiiKHaT 6yHT e npocreH, oGpastT Ha Eora b
HOBeKa othobo e Hajraue h HMa 6jih3ko o6myBaHe !
6. H3KynjieHHeTO HMa h acneKT, Kacaem Gt^emeTO (b>k. Phmji. 8:23; E(J)ec. 1:14; 4:30), kohto
BKjiioHBa Bi)3KpecBaHe Ha HaniHre Tejia h (J)H3HHecKO o6meHHe c TpneAHHHHa Eor.
3:25
NASB „KoroTO Eor noKa3a ny6jiHHHo"
NKJV „KoroTO Eor nocraBH"
NRSV „KoroTO Eor „
TEV «Eor npHHece b acepTBa"
JB „kohto 6euie onpeaejieH ot Eor"
EjiarOJTbT e B MHHAJIO CBEPIIIEHO BPEME, CPE/JEH 3AJIOE, H3iIBHTEJIHO HAKJIOHEHHE, KOeTO 03HanaBa, He
CaMHaT Eor e pa3Kpnji Cbocto Cbpue h ueji nocpe^CTBOM cMtpira Ha XpncTOC (b>k. E(J)ec. 1:9). Etokhjit BeieH
H3KynHTejieH njiaH BKjiioHBa >KepTBaTa Ha XpncTOC (b>k. Hcaa 53: 10; Otkp. 13:8). B>k. GejiOKKara ki>m 9: 1 1.
Epi>HKHaT TepMHH endeiknumcti (endeixis, b^k. 3:25,26) e H3noji3BaH hjikojiko hbth b Phmjihhh (b>k. 2:15;
9:17,23; LXX H3x. 9:16). Ochobhoto 3HaieHHe e ^a h3jibh hjih noKaace. Eor HCKa HOBeiecTBOTO hcho j\a
pa36epe HeroBaTa H3KynHTejiHa ijeji, njiaH h npaBe^HOCT. To3h kohtckct npe^CTaBa GnGjieiiCKHa CBeTorjie^
1 . othocho Eoaoia xapaKTep
2. OTHOCHO XpHCTOBOTO fle.HO
3 . othocho Hyac^aTa Ha HOBeiecTBOTO
4. othocho H3KynHTejiHaTa ueji.
67
Bor HCKa ^a pa36epeM! To3h kohtckct e ci>mecTBeH 3a e^HO no-npaBHjiHO pa36HpaHe Ha xphcthhhctboto.
HaKOH ot ^yMHTe h (J)pa3Hre ca ^BycMHCJieHH h MoraT ,aa ce TbjiicyBaT pa3H03HanHO, ho KaTO uajio 3HaneHHeTO
Ha TeKCTa e MHoro jicho. To3h kohtckct e 6orocjiOBCKHjrr KOMnac Ha H3.
a
NASB „KaTO yMHjiocTHBjieHHe b HeroeaTa Kpte"
NKJV „aa 6i>ae yMHjiocTHBjieHHe b HeroBaTa KptB"
NRSV „KaTO acepTBa Ha yMHjiocTHBjieHHe npe3 HeroBaTa Kpi>B"
TEV „TaKa ne npe3 HeroBaTa Kpi>B Tofi aa CTaHe cpeacTBOTO, npe3 kocto HOBeuiKHTe rpexoBe aa
StflaT npocTeHn"
JB „aa noacepTBa HeroBHH hchbot, 3a aa cnenejiH yMHjiocTHBjieHHe"
B rptKO-pHMCKHH cbht Ta3H ,ayMa 03HanaBa Bi>3CTaHOBJiBaHe Ha o6meHHeTO c OTny^eHOTO 6oacecTBO
nocpe^CTBOM njiaTeHa neHa, ho b CenTyarHHTa 3HaneHHeTO He e cbhioto. B CenTyarHHTa h b EBp. 9:5 ,zryMaTa e
npeBe^eHa KaTO „m3cto 3a mhjioct", h ce OTHaca ,ao KanaKa Ha KoBnera Ha 3aBeTa, HaMnpam ce b CBeTaa cbcthx,
msctoto, Ha KoeTO ce H3Bi>piHBaiiie yMHjiocTHBeHHeTO 3a Hapo^HTe Ha fleroi Ha H3KynjieHHeTO (b»c. JleB. 16 rji.).
To3H TepMHH Tpa6Ba ,aa 6i>,ae o6acHeH no HaiHH, kohto He OMajiOBaacaBa EoacHjrra HeHaBHCT kbm rpexa, ho
h yTBtp^K^aBa ho3hthbhoto My H3KynHrejiHO OTHOineHHe kim rpeniffimirre. ,ZJ,o6pa ^HCKycna no TeMara
OTKpHBaMe b KHHrara Ha James Stewart's A Man in Christ, crp. 214-224. ToBa Moace ,aa ce nocTHrae, aKO
npeBe^eM TepMHHa TaKa, ne ,aa OTpa3aBa Bo>KHeTO flejio b Xphctoc; „yMHjiocTHBHTejiHa >KepTBa"; hjih „c neji
yMHJIOCTHBeHHe " .
H3pa3T>T „b HeroBaTa RpW e eBpeficKHaT HaiHH ,aa npe^CTaBn 3aMecTHHHecKara acepTBa Ha HeBHHHHa
BoacH Araeii (b>k. HoaH 1:29). MHoro e BaacHO H3na.no ^a pa36epeM Ta3n naea JleB. 1-7 rji., KaKTO n Ta3n 3a
fleHa Ha H3KynjieHHeTO b raaBa 16. KptBTa HanoMHa 3a 6e3rpeiiiHHa >khbot, ,aa,aeH 3apa^n BHHOBHHTe (b>k. Hcaa
52:13-53:12).
11 „npe3 Bsipa" TyK othobo craBa ,ayMa (b>k. 1:17; 3:22,25,26,27,28,30) 3a e^HHCTBeHHa HanHH, ocHiypaBam
jiHHHa noji3a Ha BceKH, kohto npneivie 3aMecTHHHecKara cmt>pt Ha Hcyc.
Ta3H (J)pa3a e nponycHaTa b ,npeBHHa yHnnaneH ptKonnc A ot V BeK (b rptuKna tckct, H3noji3BaH ot HoaH
3jiaToycT) h b yHipiajiHH ptKonncn ot 12 BeK MS (2127). BKjiiOHeHa e o6ane b .apyrn .zrpeBHH rpi>nKH ptKonncn.
Ci>moTO ce oraaca 3a onpe,aejiHTejiHHa HjieH Ha flyMara „Bapa", ho TOBa He Bjinae Ha 3HaneHHeTO. ITpn UBS
(J)pa3ara e BKjiiOHeHa h oneHeHa c B (c H3Becrao cbMHemie).
H „#a noKaace HeroBaTa npaBeflHOCT" Bor ipa6Ba p,a 6i>,ae BepeH Ha CBoa xapaKrep h cjiobo (b>k. Man. 3:6). B
C3 AyniaTa, kohto rpenin, npa6Ba ,aa yMpe (b>k. E3eK. 18:4,20). Bor Ka3Ba, ie He MO>Ke ,aa OHeBHHH bhhobhh3
(b>k. H3x. 23:7). EoacnaTa jiio6ob kbm na^HajiOTO HOBeiecTBO e TOJiKOBa rojiaMa, ie Ton 6e totob ,aa CTaHe
HOBeK, ,na H3m>jiHH 3aKOHa h ,aa yMpe Ha mhctoto Ha nazmajiOTO HOBeiecTBO. JIio6oBTa h npaBocb^neTO ce
cpemar b Hcyc (b>k. ct. 26).
H
NASB, NKJV, NRSV „Toh noflMimaBa rpexoBeTe, H3BtpiiieHH npefln"
TEV „b MHHajiOTO Tofi 6euie TtpnejiHB h nrHopHpauie HOBeuiKHTe rpexoBe"
NJB „3a MHHajiOTO, KoraTO rpexoBeTe 6sixa HeHaKa3aHH"
noHjrraeTO „noAMHHaBa" e paresis, H3noji3BaHO caMO TyK b Hobh3 3aBeT h HHRt^e b LXX. TptiiKHTe otuh
h HepoHHM BjiaaceHH ro npneMar b HeroBOTO 6yKBaiiHO 3HaneHHe Ha rptnicH, 3a „onpomaBaHe Ha ,zrbjir" (b>k.
Moulton and Milligan, crp. 493). 06ane H3xoflHH3T raaroji, pariemi, 03HanaBa „^a ocTaBa ^a MHHe OTCTpaHn"
hjih „ji,a OTnycHa" (b*c. JlyKa 1 1:42).
H TaKa, BtnpocbT e ^ajin Bor nponjaBa rpexoBe b MHHajiOTO, rjie^aHKH kt>m 6T),aemoTO acjio Ha XpncTOC hjih
npocTO no^MHHaBa rpexoBeTe, 3HaeiiKH, ne CMi>pTra Ha XpncTOC nje ce cnpaBH c npo6jieMa Ha rpexa?
Pe3yjrraTbT e cbnjHaT. HoBeniKHaT rpax, MHHano, HacToanje h 6i>Aerne ca ype,aeHH npe3 XpncTOBaTa cmi>pt Ha
KptCTa.
68
ToBa e MHHano flejio Ha EoacnaTa Gjiaro^aT, rjie^anja Hanpe,a kbm Xphctoboto flejio (b>k. .ZJeaHna 17:30;
Phmji. 4:15; 5:13), KaKTO h ^encrBHe b HacroameTO n 6T>,ziemeTO (b>k. ct. 26). Bor He OManoBaacaBa rpexa h
HHKora He ro e npaBen, ho npneivia HcycoBara acepTBa KaTO OKOHnaTejiHO cpe^CTBO 3a cnpaBaHe c HOBeniKHa
6yHT, kohto cjiy>KH KaTO 6apnepa 3a BeHHoro o6myBaHe c Hero.
3:26 TepMHHbT „npaBe,aHOCT" b cthx 25 e eTHMOJiorHHHO CBtpsaH c TepMHHHTe „npaBefleH" h „onpaB,naBam" ot
cthx 26. Bor ncica HeroBHa xapaKTep p,a Gt^e roaBeH b acHBOTa Ha BapBamnre npe3 Bapa b Xpncroc. Hcyc CTaBa
HainaTa npaBe^HOCT (b>k. II Kop. 5:21), ho BapBamnre ci>mo Tpa6Ba ^a 6r>flaT CBo6pa3eHH c Hea, KaKTO h c
HeroBOTO nozioGne (b>k. Phmji. 8:29). B>k. CnEqHAJIHO noiMTHE kt>m 1:17.
UHTAT OT BLJirAPCKHfl nFEBORBEPEH — 3:27-30
ToraBa icb^e e xBan6aTa? H3KjnoHeHa e. Hpe3 KaKbB 3aKOH? Ha flejiara jih? He, a npe3 3aKOHa Ha BapaTa.
H Taica, Hne 3aKjnoHaBaMe, ne HOBeK ce onpaB^aBa npe3 Bapa, 6e3 flejiara no 3aKOHa. Hjih Bor e Bor caMO Ha
Kmenre, a He h Ha e3HHHnnHTe? J\a, h Ha e3HHHHnnre ci>mo, 3amoTO e^HH e Bor, kohto me onpaB^ae
o6pa3aHHTe no Bapa h Heo6pa3aHHTe npe3 Bapa.
UHTAT OT AHrjIHHCKHfl nPEBO^ NASB — 3:27-30
27 Where then is boasting? It is excluded. By what kind of law? Of works? No, but by a law of faith.
28 For we maintain that a man is justified by faith apart from works of the Law. 29 Or is God the God of Jews
only? Is He not the God of Gentiles also? Yes, of Gentiles also, 30 since indeed God who will justify the
circumcised by faith and the uncircumcised through faith is one.
3:27 „ToraBa Kbfle e xeajiSaTa" HarranneTO Ha onpeflejiHrejieH HjieH npe^ .nyMara „xBan6a" BepoaTHO
OTpa3aBa ropAOCira Ha Kmenre (b>k. 2:17,23). EBaHrejraeTO e CMnpaBanjo. na^HajiOTO HOBenecTBO (eBpen h
e3HHHHnn) He MO>Ke fla ce cnpaBH caMO (b>k. E<J)ec. 2:8-9). B^c. CnEqHAJlHO noiMTHE: CAMOXBAJICTBO
kim 2:17.
H „H3KJiK)HeHa e" To3H TepMHH (ek [bt>h] h kleio [3aTBopeH]) e ynoTpe6eH caMO TyK h b ran. 4:17. ByKBajiHO
03HanaBa j\a ,„aa 3aKjiK>Ha otbt>h"
m „npe3 3aKOHa Ha esipaTa" HoBnaT 3aBeT Ha Bora of EpeM. 31:31-34 He e ocHOBaH Ha ^ejia, ho Ha
AOBepHe/Bapa/yGe^eHHe (pistis) b HeroBHa GjiaroziareH xapaKTep h o6emaHHa. KaKTO CTapnaT, TaKa h Hobh3t
3aBeT Tpa6Banie p,a npoMeHaT naflHanoTO HOBenecTBO ctrjiacHO Bo>KHa xapaKTep (npaBe^eH). CTapnaT 3aBeT
nocpe^CTBOM 3aKOHa; Hobh3t npe3 e^no hobo Cbpue (b>k. E3eK. 36:26-27). Hejrra e CbnjaTa!
3:28 „Hne 3asiBsiBaMe, ne hobck ce onpaB/jaBa npe3 Bapa 6e3 aejia no 3aKOHa." ToBa e o6o6meHHe Ha 3:21-
26 n npe^CTaBaHe Ha rjiaBH 4-8 (b>k. II Thm. 1:9; Tht 3:5). CnaceHneTO e He3acjiy>KeH ^ap npe3 Bapa b
saBtpnieHOTO flejio Ha XpncTOC (b>k. 3:24; 5:15,17; 6:23; E(})ec. 2:8-9). 3pejiocTTa o6ane „CTpyBa bchhko" -
>khbot Ha nocjiyniaHHe, cjiyaceHHe n noKjiOHeHne (b^k. Taji. 5:6; E(J)ec. 2:10; <I)hji. 2:12; bidk 6eji. kbm 1:5).
3:29 BoacnaTa Hen BHHarn e 6njia ,aa H3Kynn bchhkh HOBeuri, HanpaBeHn no HeroBna o6pa3 (Bht. 1:26; 5:1; 9:6).
H3KynHTejmoTO o6emaHHe ot Bht. 3:15 Kacae bchhkh. Toh H36pa ABpaM, 3a j\a H36epe CBeTa (b>k. Bht. 12:31;
H3x. 19:4-6; HoaH 3:16).
To3H cthx, KaKTO h 3:9, BepoaTHO OTpa3aBa Hanpe>KeHHeTO b pnMCKaTa H>pKBa Meac^y BapBamnTe eBpencKn
BO^aHH, HanycHanH Phm 3apann yKa3a Ha HepoH n 3aMeHnjiHTe rn noBapBajin e3HHHHHH. TjiaBH 9-11 BepoaTHO
a^pecnpaT ci>moTO HanpeaceHne.
3:30
NASB ,,ti>h KaTO HancTHHa Bor e eflHH"
NKJV ,,tbh KaTO HMa eflHH Bor"
69
NRSV «ti>h KaTO Bor e eflHH"
TEV «Bor e eflHH"
JB «ti>h KaTO HMa caivio eflHH Bor"
ToBa e YCJIOBHO H3PE i iehhe ot itlpbh kjiac, kocto aBTopiyr npneMa 3a BapHo, ti>h KaTO o6cjiy>KBa
jiHTepaTypHHTe My nejra. Ako MOHOTeH3MT>T e npaBHjieH, kocto e Taica (b>k. H3x. 8: 10; 9: 14; BTop. 4:35,39; 6:4; I
Lfcpe 2:2; IILJape 7:22; 22:32; IIILJape 8:23; nc. 86:8,10; Hcaa 43:11; 44:6,8; 45:6-7,14,18,21-22; 46:5,9; EpeM.
2: 1 1; 5:7; 10:6; 16:20), ToraBa Bor npa6Ba p,a e Bor Ha bchhkh xopa.
111 „Toh me onpaeaae oSpsnaHnre npe3 esipa" rptuKaTa flyMa „onpaBflaBaM" e ot cbmna KopeH, KaKTO h
„npaBeAHOCT" B>k. CnEL[HAJIHO noiMTHE kbm 1:17. Hivia caMO e^HH HanHH ,aa 6T>,aeM npaBe^HH npe,a Bora (b>k.
Phmji. 9:30-32). ,H,BaTa KpnrepHa 3a cnaceHHe ca Bapa h noKaaHHe (b>k. MapK 1:15; J^enmm 3:16,19; 20:21; bidk
6eji. kim 1:5). ToBa e BapHO KaKTO 3a KweHTe, Taxa h 3a e3HHHHnHTe.
111 „npe3 esipa... nocpeacTBOM Bsipa" Hannne e napajiejiro'tM MOK^y Te3H ^Ba a63ana. nPE/yicoHTE ek h dia ,
H3noji3BaHH TyK, ca chhohhmh. HaiviaT 3a neji j\a. 3Bynar pa3JiHHHO.
IJHTAT OT BBJirAPCKHfl nFEBOR BEPEH — 3:31
ToraBa OTMeiraMe jih 3aKOHa npe3 Bapa? fla He 6-bp,e\ A yrBtp^aBaMe 3aKOHa.
IJHTAT OT AHrjIHHCKHfl nPEBOA NASB — 3:31
31 Do we then nullify the Law through faith? May it never be! On the contrary, we establish the Law.
3:31
NASB „ToraBa aa aHyjinpaivie jih 3aKOHa npe3 Bsipa"
NKJV „ToraBa 3aKOHi>T e Hanpa3eH jih e npe3 Bsipa"
NRSV „ToraBa OTXBtpjisuvie jih 3aKOHa npe3 Ta3H Bsipa"
TEV „ToBa 03HanaBa jih, ne npe3 Ta3H Bsipa OTMeHsiMe 3aKOHa"
JB „03HanaBa jih, ne BsipaTa npaBH 3aKOHa 6e3nojie3eH"
Hobhjit 3aBeT npcucraBa GrapHa 3aBeT no ^Ba HanHHa:
1. toh e B^txHOBeHO, ,a,aneHO ot Bora OTicpoBeHHe, kocto HaMa ,aa npeMHHe (b>k. MaT. 5:17-19; Phmji.
7:12,14,16)
2. HeHy^ceH e h e OTMHHan (b>k. EBp. 8: 13).
riaBeji H3noji3Ba TepMHHa „aHyjiHpaM" noHe pp&j\qcqt h neT hi>th. BapnaHTHTe ca „aHyjiHpaH h HeBajiH^eH,"
„cneTeH 3a 6e3CHjieH," h „aa HanpaBHin 6e3pe3yjiTaTeH." B^c. CnEL[HAJlHO noiMTHE kbm 3:3. 3a IlaBeji 3aKoni>T
e HacTOHHHK (b>k. Taji. 3:23) h yHnreji (b>k. Tan. 3:24), ho He MO>Ke ,aa fla^e BeneH ^khbot (b^k. ran. 2:16,19;
3:19). Toh ^aBa ocHOBaHHe 3a hobcihkoto ocb^eHHe (b>k. Tan. 3:13; Koji. 2:14). MoficeeBHaT 3aKOH cjiyacn
KaTO OTKpoBeHHe h MopaneH tcct, noAo6HO Ha ,,/1,'bpBOTO 3a no3HaBaHe Ha flo6poTO h 3jioto."
HMa H3BecTHa HecnrypHOCT othocho 3HaHeHHeTO, kocto IlaBeji Bjiara b TepMHHa „3aKOHbT":
1 . CHCTeMa ot npaBe,3HH ^ejia b KmaroMa
2. eTan 3a BapBamnre c3hhhhl(h npcun ^a nojiynar cnaceHHeTO b Xphctoc (KmaHCTHTe b ranaTaHH)
3. crannapT, HenocTH>KHM 3a bchhkh nazmajra b rpax xopa (b>k. Phmji. 1: 18-3:20; 7:7-25; ran. 3: 1-29).
H „Hne yTBtpjuyjaBaivie 3aKOHa" C orjie^ Ha npeAHniHara (J)pa3a, KaKBO 03HanaBa to3h H3pa3? Mo>Ke p,a
03HanaBa, ne
1. 3aKOHbT He e HaiHH 3a cnaceHHe, ho nocToaHeH MopaneH HapT>HHHK
2. e b no^Kpena Ha flOKipHHara 3a „onpaB^aHHe npe3 Bapa" 3:21; 4:3 (Bht. 15:6; lie. 32: 1-2,10-1 1)
3. cjia6ocTTa Ha 3aKOHa (noBeniKHaT 6yHT, b>k. Phmji. 7 rji.; Tan. 3 rji.) HanbjiHO e KOMneHcnpaHa ot
CMtpira Ha XpncTOC, 8:3-4
4. nejrra Ha otrpobchhcto e j\a. Bi>3CTaHOBH Boacna o6pa3 b HOBeKa
70
CneA KaTO e Hanaraji Cbp,e6aa npaB^a, 3aKOHbT CTaBa Hapi>HHHK 3a HcraHcica npaBe^HOCT hjih
xpHCTonoAo6HOCT. B>k. CrrnqHAJlHO noiMTHE: BH^K^AHHflTA HA nABEJI 3 A MOHCEEBHfl 3AKOH
kbm 13:9.
IIIoKHpamHaT napa^OKC e, ne 3aKOHbT He ycna j\a nocTaHOBH EoacnaTa npaBe^HOCT, ho nocpe^CTBOM
HeroBOTO aHyjinpaHe h npe3 Eo>KHa ^ap Ha Gjiarcmarra npe3 Bapa, xpncTHaHHTe >KHBeaT e^HH npaBe,neH,
6oroyroAeH >khbot. Hejrra Ha 3aicoHa e H3m>jiHeHa He nocpe^CTBOM HOBeiiiKH ^ena, ho npe3 He3acjiyaceHHa ^ap
Ha BoacHaTa 6jiaroAaT b XpncTOc! Othocho „ycTaHOBaBaM" Bac. CnEIJHAJIHO noiMTHE: CTOfl kbm 5:2.
BtnPOCH 3A OBCB^UAHE
To3h KOMeHTap e caMO p^kobojctbo 3a H3ynaBaHe. ToBa 03HanaBa, ne Bne caMH HOCHTe OTroBopHOCT 3a
HanHHa, no kohto TMKyBaTe EnGjinaTa. BceKH ot Hac Tpa6Ba p,a xohh b CBeTjiHHara, KoaTO My e ^aneHa.
ripnopHTeT npn HHTepnpeTai(HaTa CTe caMHaT BHe, BainaTa BnGjina h CBeTHaT Jfyx. He 6nBa p,a. npexBtpjiaTe
Ta3H OTrOBOpHOCT Ha kohto H/jae KOMeHrarop.
HacToamHTe BT>npocH 3a oGcb^aHe uejiaT p,a bh noflnoMorHar p,a oGmhcjihtc ocHOBHHTe tcmh b to3h
pa3Aeji Ha nocjiaHneTO. Hejrra hm e j\& npe,aH3BHKaT mhcjih, a He j\& fla^aT KpafiHH OTroBopn.
1. HanpaBeTe njiaH Ha PnMjiaHH 3:21-31 etc cboh flyMH.
2. 3amo Bor no^MKHaBa rpexoBeTe Ha xopaTa, HSBtpmeHH b MHHajiOTO (ct. 25)?
3 . KaK C3 BapBam 6nBa cnaceH ot rpexa (3 :25)?
4 . KaK BapaTa b Hcyc noTBtp^aBa 3aKOHa (3:31)?
71
Phmjihhh 4 rjiaea
PA3AEJIEHHA nO AE3AHH B CBBPEMEHHHTE nPEBO^H
UBS 4
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
JB
ripHMeptT
Ha ABpaaM
ABpaaM,
onpaB/iaH npe3 BJipa
ABpaaM,
onpaB/iaH npe3 BJipa
EtpHMeptT
Ha ABpaaM
ABpaaM,
onpaB/iaH npe3 BJipa
4:1-12
4:1-4
4:1-8
4:1-8
4:1-8
JJflBYm Bt3XBajIHBa
etinaTa HCTHHa
OnpaB/iaH
npe/in o6pa3BaHeTO
4:5-8
ABpaaM, onpaB/iaH
npe/in o6pa3BaHeTO
4:9-12
4:9-12
4:9-12
4:9-12
06einaHHeTO,
rontJiHeHO npe3 BJipa
06emaHHeTO,
/la/ieHO npe3 BJipa
HcTHHCKHTe
noTOMiiH Ha ABpaaM
BoxcneTO o6einaHHe -
nojiyneHO
He onpaB/iaHH
npe3 nocjiyuiaHHe
Ha 3aKOHa
4:13-25
4:13-25
4:13-15
4:13-15
4:13-17
4:16-25
4:16-25
ABpaaMOBaTa Bapa -
MO/ien
3a xpncTHHHCKa Bap a
4:18-25
nPOHHT HA TPETH HHKKJI (bsk. CTp. ix)
IIPOCJIEffXBAHE HA ABTOPCKOTO HAMEPEHME HA HHBO AE3AH,H
To3h KOMeirrap e caMO p^kobojctbo 3a H3ynaBaHe. ToBa 03HanaBa, ne BHe caMH Hocnre OTroBopHOCT 3a
HanHHa, no kohto TbjiKyBaTe EnGjinaTa. BceKH ot Hac Tpa6Ba j\a xoan b CBeTjiHHara, koato My e ^aneHa.
IlpHopHTeT npn HHTepnpeTau;HHTa CTe caMHjrr BHe, BainaTa Bh6jihh h CBeTHjrr Jfyx. He 6nBa j\?l npexBtpjiaTe
Ta3H OTrOBOpHOCT Ha kohto Hflae KOMeHrarop.
nponeTeTe raaBaTa Ha e^HH p,t>x. Onpe^ejieTe TeMHTe. ObnocTaBeTe BaineTO TeMaTHHHO pas^ejieHHe c
neire CBBpeMeHHH npeBO^a no-rope. Pa3^ejiaHeTO Ha a63anH He e B^txHOBeHO ot Bora, ho e kjiiohobo 3a
npocjieflflBaHeTO Ha aBTopcKOTO HaMepeHHe. A hmchho TOBa e b cbpHeBHHara Ha HHrepnpeTHpaHeTO. BceKH
a63ai( HMa e^Ha e^HHCTBeHa Teivia.
1 . HbpBH a63ai(
2. Btoph a63ai(
3 . TpeTH a63ai(
4. Ht.h.
72
HABJIIOAEHHfl BLPXY KOHTEKCTA
A. CtrjiacHO uiOKHpamoTO 6orocjiOBHe Ha IlaBeji b Phmjmhh 3:21-31, naflHanoTO HOBenecTBO e o6aBeHO 3a
npaBe^HO npe,a Bora h TOBa e He3acjiy>KeH ^ap, 6e3 ynacTHeTO Ha MoficeeBHa 3aKOH. Tyic IlaBeji ce
onHTBa p,a AOKa}Ke, ne TOBa He e HOBa H^ea (b>k. 3:21b), flaBafiKH C3 npHMepn c ABpaaM h J^aBmp, (b>k.
ct. 6-8).
B. Phmjihhh 4 rji. nepnn flOKasarejiCTBa ot MoficeeBHa 3aKOH, Eirrae, BTopo3aKOHHe, (JropMnpafiKH
^OKTpHHaTa 3a onpaB^aHHe npe3 Bapa. Ta e cyMnpaHa b 3:21-31. 3a eBpenHa, ujrraT ot MoficeeBHTe
nncaHHa 6h HMan ronaMa Te^cecT, oco6eHO KoraTO Kacae ABpaaM, 6amara na eBpeficKaTa HauHa. flaBna
e pasraoK^aH KaTO npoTOTHn Ha H^Bamna Mecna (b>k. II Sam. 7). Bepoarao flHCKycnaTa e nopo^eHa ot
Hanpe>KeHHeTO b Phm Me>K^y BapBamHTe C3hhhhl(h. Bi)3M05KHO e eBpeficKHTe jiH^epn p,a ca HanycHanH
rpana, npHHy^eHH ot HepoH (kohto 3a6paHaBa bchhkh eBpeficKH pHTyarra). Meac^yBpeMeHHO ca
3aMeHeHH ot BOflaHH - noBapBanH c3hhhhhh. 3aBpT>maHeTO Ha rrbpBara rpyna bo^h ^o KOH(J)jiHKTa koh
p,a 3aeMa jra^epcKHTe no3HHHH.
C. PnMjiaHH 4 rji. noKa3Ba, ne naflHanoTO HOBenecTBO BHHarn ce e cnacaBajio npe3 Bapa h noKaaHne b Bora,
c orjie^ Ha flyxoBHara CBeTjiHHa, KoaTO HMaT (Bht. 15:6; Phmji. 4:3). Ilo MHoro HanHHH HoBHaT 3aBeT
(eBaHrejineTo) He ce pa3JiHnaBa pa^HKanHO ot CTapna 3aBeT (b^k. EpeM. 31:31-34; E3eK. 36:22-38).
D. To3H HanHH Ha onpaB^aHHe npe3 Bapa e ^ocn>neH 3a bchhkh, He caMO 3a narpHapcHTe hjih Hapo^a Ha
H3panji . TyK IlaBeji pa3BHBa h rorpasc^a 6orocjiOBCKHa ch apryMenr, 3anoHHan b ranaraHH 3 rji.,
H3noji3BaHKH ABpaaM.
H3CJIE^BAHE HA ^YMH H G>PA3H
HHTAT OT BBJirAPCKHfl nPEBO^ BEPEH — 4:1-8
H Taxa, KaKBO me Ka»ceM, ne HainnaT OTeu; ABpaaM e HaMepnji no njrbT? 3amoTO, axo ABpaaM e 6hji
onpaB^aH npe3 ^ejia, toh HMa c KaKBO j\a ce xBann, ho He npe,a Bora. IloHe^Ke KaKBO Ka3Ba IlHcaHHeTO? -
„ABpaaM noBapBa b Bora, h TOBa My ce cneTe 3a npaB^a." A Ha T03H, kohto Btpum ^ena, HarpaAara My He ce
CHHTa KaTO mhjioct, a KaTO fltJir; a Ha to3h, kohto He BtpniH ^ejia, a BapBa b Oh3h, kohto onpaB^aBa
6e36o5KHHa, HeroBaTa Bapa My ce CHHTa 3a npaB^a. KaKTO h J\aBoj\ roBopn 3a GjiaaceHCTBOTO Ha HOBeKa, Ha
KoroTO Bor 3aiHTa npaB^a He3aBHCHMO ot ^ejia: „Bjia>KeHH OHe3H, hhhto 6e33aKOHHa ca npocTeHH, hhhto
rpexoBe ca noKpHTH; GnaaceH e oh3h hobck, Ha KoroTO TocnoA HaMa j\a cneTe rpax."
HHTAT OT AHrjIHHCKHfl nPEBORNASB — 4:1-8
'What then shall we say that Abraham, our forefather according to the flesh, has found? 2 For if
Abraham was justified by works, he has something to boast about, but not before God. 3 For what does the
Scripture say? „Abraham believed God, AND it was credited to him as righteousness." 4 Now to the
one who works, his wage is not credited as a favor, but as what is due. 5 But to the one who does not work,
but believes in Him who justifies the ungodly, his faith is credited as righteousness, 6 just as David also
speaks of the blessing on the man to whom God credits righteousness apart from works: 7 "Blessed are
THOSE WHOSE LAWLESS DEEDS HAVE BEEN FORGIVEN, AND WHOSE SINS HAVE BEEN COVERED." 8 "BLESSED
IS THE MAN WHOSE SIN THE LORD WILL NOT TAKE INTO ACCOUNT."
4:1 „ToraBa KaKBO me KaiaceM, ne Aepaaivi, HawimT npapoflHreji" Hmcto ABpaaM 03HanaBa „6ama na
MHO>KecTBo" (b>k. ct. 16-18). OpHrHHanHOTO My HMe, ABpaM 03HanaBa „H3AHrHaT OTeij."
JlnTepaTypHHaT noxBar, H3noji3BaH TyK ce Hapnna H3o6jiHHHTejiHa pen (b>k. 4:1; 6:1; 7:7; 8:31; 9:14,30).
npHHHHara ABpaaM j\a Gt^e H3noji3BaH (Bht. 1 1:27-25: 1 1) 3a npHMep e hjih (1) 3amoTO eBpeHTe fltp^Kar MHoro
73
Ha CBoa pacoB nporoxoa (b^k. Mar. 3:9; HoaH 8:33,37,39); (2) 3amoTO JiHHHara My Bapa ojiHueTBopaBa 3aBeTHna
Moaeji (Bht. 15:6); (3) BapaTa My npcaxoac^a flaBaHeTO Ha MoiiceeBHa 3aKOH (b>k. H3x. 19-20); hjih (4)
H3noji3BaH e ot jrbacjiHBHTe yHHTejiH (Hanp., KmaHcra, b>k. ranaraHH).
a „njii>T" B>k. CrrnqHAJiHO noiMTHE kt.m 1:3.
4:2 „aKo" Cthxi>t e YCJIOBHO H3PEqEHHE OT ITLPBH BH/I (b>k. A. T. Robertson, Word Pictures, vol. 4, crp. 350),
KoeTO ce npneMa 3a BapHO ot aBTopa, 3amoTO o6cny>KBa jiHTepaTypHHTe My rjejiH. ToBa e floG'tp npHMep 3a
YCJIOBHO HSPETTEHHE OT HLPBH BHfl, KoeTO bcbuihoct e HeBapHO, ho cjiy>KH, 3a fla nozrqepTae 6orocjiOBCKaTa
HCTHHa (b^k. 14 ct.).
,ZLk. cDnHMaiiep CMaTa, ne BepoaTHo ce icacae 3a cMeceHo ycjiobho roPEqEHHE, B koeto hlpbata ttact e
OT BTOPH KJIAC (npoTHBHO Ha (J)aKTa), a rn>pBara nacT - ot ITLPBH KJIAC (b>k. Joseph A. Fitzmyer, The Anchor
Bible, vol. 33, CTp. 372).
® „onpaBflaH npe3 esipa" ToBa e o6paraoTO Ha onpaB^aHneTO npe3 Bapa b XpncTOC. To3h HanHH Ha cnaceHHe
npe3 HOBeniKH ycHjnia (4:4), 6h o6e3CMHCJiHji cjiy>KeHHeTO Ha XpncTOC. 06aie C3 acHO noKa3Ba
HecnocoGHOcira Ha naflHanoTO HOBenecTBO j\a. H3Bi>piiiBa 3aBeTHHTe ^ejia Ha Bora. 3aroBa CTapnaT 3aBeT ce
npeBp^ma b npoKjiaTHe, CMtpTHa npncb^a (b>k. Taji. 3: 13; Koji. 2: 14).
EBpeficKHTe yneHH 3Haexa, ie ABpaaM npczrxTOK^a MonceeBHa 3aKOH, ho BapBaxa, ie toh ro e OHaKBan h ro
e cna3Ban (b>k. EmracHacT 44:20 h KHHra Ha K)6HjieHTe 6:19; 15:1-2).
H „toh HMa c KaKBO aa ce noxeajiH," Ta3H TeMa leero ce noaBaBa b FlaBjiOBHTe nncaHHa. MnHanoTO My Ha
(JDapnceH ro npaBH nyBCTBHTejieH 3a to3h npo6jieM (b>k. 3:27; I Kop. 1:29; E(})ec. 2:8-9). Bac. CnEITHAJTHO
nomiTHE: CAMOXBAJICTBO kt>m 2: 17.
4:3
NASB, NKJV, NRSV, TEV „A B paaM noBsipua b Bora"
JB „ABpaaM nojioacii BapaTa ch b Bora"
ToBa e ijHTaT ot Ehthc 15:6. IlaBeji ro H3noji3Ba Tpn hi>th b Ta3H raaBa (b)k. 4:3,9,22), KoeTO roBopn 3a
HeroBara BaacHOCT b 6orocjiOBCKOTO pa36HpaHe Ha IlaBeji 3a cnacemieTO. B Orapna 3aBeT cbmecTBHTejiHOTO
„Bapa" 03HanaBa jioajiHOCT, BapHOCT hjih Ha^eac^HOCT, h e onHcamie Ha EoacnaTa cbuihoct, He HainaTa. FLrBa ot
rpi)HKHa TepMHH (emun, emuncth), kohto 03HaiaBa „aa 6i>,aeiii cnrypeH hjih CTa6HjieH". CnacHTejiHaTa Bapa e
^ymeBHO Cbrjiacne (Ha6op ot hcthhh), ^o6poBOJiHO nocBemeHne (peineHHe), MopajieH HaiHH Ha >khbot h e
pamiOHariHO (npneMaHe Ha jiHHHOcrra).
Tpa6Ba #a ce noanepTae, ne ABpaaMOBaTa Bapa m e b 6i>Aem Mecna, ho b EoacneTO o6emaHHe, ne me HMa
fleTe h noTOMi(H (b>k. Eht. 12:2; 15:2-5; 17:4-8; 18:14). ABpaaM OTroBopn Ha TOBa o6emaHHe ipe3 flOBepne b
Eora. Toil npozrbJDKaBaiiie ^a HMa CBMHemia othocho H3m>jiHeHHeTO My, Tbii KaTO 6axa HyacHH ome TpnnaaeceT
ro^HHH npe^H to p,a ce ocbmecTBH. Maicap h BapaTa My ^a He 6e CbBtpmeHa, 6e npneTa ot Eora. Eor e CKjiOHeH
p,a pa6oTH c HeBepHH hobchikh ci>mecTBa, kohto omnHKBaT c Bapa Ha HeroBHre o6emaHHa, Maicap BapaTa flaec
pa3Mep Ha CHHanoBO 3i>pHO (b^k. MaT. 17:20).
4:3,4,5,6,8,9,10,22,23,24
NASB, NRSV „th 6eme My cneTeHa"
NKJV „th My 6eme CMeTHaTa"
TEV «Bor ro npne"
JB „Ta3H Bapa 6eme CMeTHaTa"
MecTOHMeHHeTO „Ta" icacae ABpaaMOBara Bapa b Eoaanrre o6emaHHa.
TepMHHi)T „CHeTeH" (logizomia) e CHeTOBO^eH h 03HaiaBa „Bjio>KeHO hjih ^eno3HpaHO b Henna CMeTKa" (b>k.
LXX Eht. 15:6; JleB. 7:18; 17:4). Ctmara Ta3H HCTHHa e ny^ecHO H3pa3eHa bi>b II Kop. 5:21 h Fan. 3:6.
74
Bi)3mo>kho e IlaBeji ,aa K0M6HHHpa Bht. 15:6 h lie. 32:2, 3amoTO h ^BaTa CTHxa H3noji3BaT TepMHHa „CHeTeH".
KoM6HHHpaHeTO Ha tckctobc e xepMeHeBTHieH npHHHHn, H3noji3BaH ot paBHrnrre.
C3 ynoTpe6a Ha to3h TepMHH b CenTyarHHTa He e TOJiKOBa 6aHKOB TepMHH, kojikoto hhhobhhhcckh h
BepoHTHO e CBi>p3aH c „KHHTHTe" ot J\an. 7: 10; 12: 1. Te3H ^Be MeTa<J)opHHHH khhfh (Eo>KH5rra naivieT) ca
1. KHHrara Ha .aejiara jih cnoMeffirre (b>k. lie. 56:8; 139:16; Hcaa 65:6; Man. 3:16; Otkp. 20:12-13)
2. KHHrara Ha acHBOTa (b>k. H3x. 32:32; lie. 69:28; Hcaa 4:3; Ran. 12:1; Jlyxa 10:20; cDhji. 4:3; EBp.
12:23; Otkp. 3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 20:15; 21:27).
KHHrara, b kosto ABpaaMOBaTa Bapa e cneTeHa (BnncaHa) 3a npaB^a, e „KHHraTa Ha ^KHBOTa".
4:3,5,6,9,10,11,13,22,25 „3a npaBeflHOCT" /JyMara HanoMHa 3a CTapo3aBeTHara „MepnTejiHa TptCTioca" (tsadak).
KoHcrpyKTHBHa MeTa(J)opa, H3noji3BaHa 3a xapaKTepa Ha Bora. Bor e npaB, a bchhkh HOBeuii ca kphbh. B Hobhji
3aBeT cbmecTBHTejiHOTO ce H3noji3Ba b npaBeH (ci>,ae6eH) cmhcbji, kocto HMa 3a ueji ,aa hh Haconn ki>m
6oroyro^eH HaiHH Ha ^khbot. Hejrra Ha Bora 3a BceKH xphcthjihhh e ,na ce ynoaoGn Ha Hero, hjih c .apyrn ,ayMH,
xpHCTonoAo6He (b^k. 8:28-29; Tan. 4:19). B>k. CnEqHAJIHO noiMTHE ki>m 1:17.
4:5 CtiiiHOCTTa Ha Bapara e ,aa otkjihkhc Ha e^HH pa3KpHBam ce Bor, 6e3 ,aa pa3HHra Ha co6ctbchh ycHjina hjih
3acjiyrH. ToBa He 03HaiaBa, ne cjie,n KaTO Be,aHi>}K CMe cnaceHH h CMe nojiynnjiH CBeTHa flyx, HaiHHbT hh Ha
>khbot He e ot 3HaneHHe. Hejrra Ha xphctimhctboto He e j\a mp,eM b paa, KoraTO yMpeM, a ,aa 6i>,aeM no,no6HH Ha
XpncTOC cera. Hne He CMe cnaceHH, onpaB^aHH hjih nojiynnjiH npaBa Ha ocHOBa Ha HaniHTe flejia, ho cine
H3KyneHH 3a ,ap6pH ,aejia (b>k. E(J)ec. 2:8-9 & 10; Acob h I HoaH). IlpoMeHeHHaT h npoMeiiam ce >khbot e
CBH^eTejiCTBO, ne HOBeKi>T e cnaceH. OnpaB^aHHeTO ipa6Ba j\a npoH3Be,ae ocBemeHne!
® „BsipBa" B>k. CrrnqHAJiHO noroiTHE no-flojiy.
| CnEUHAJlHO noHHTHE: BflPA (PISTIS [CBIII], PISTEUO, [EJI], PISTOS [IIPHJI])
A. ToBa e oco6eHO BaaceH 6H6jieiicKH TepMHH (b>k. EBp. 1 1: 1,6). Ton e npe^MeT Ha paHmrre HcycoBH
nponoBe^H (b>k. Mapic 1:15). Hvia noHe ,aBe HOB03aBeTHH H3HCKBaHHa: noKaaHHe h Bapa (b>k. 1:15;
fleam™ 3:16,19; 20:21).
B. IlpoH3xoA na .ayMara
1 . B C3 cbmecTBHTejiHOTO „Bapa" 03HaiaBa jiosjihoct, BapHOCT h Haae^HOCT h e onncaHHe Ha
EroKHHTa cbiiiHOCT, He Hainara.
2. Mjipa ot rpi>L(KHa TepMHH (emun, emuncth), kohto 03HaiaBa ,„aa Gi^eni cnrypeH hjih
CTaGnjieH". CnacnTejiHaTa Bapa e .aynieBHO cbrjiacne (Ha6op ot hcthhh), ^o6poBOJiHO
nocBemeHne (peineHne), MopaneH HaiHH Ha >khbot h e pauHOHajiHO (npneMaHe Ha
JIHHHOCTTa).
C. C3 ynoTpe6a Ha TepMHHa
Tpa6Ba j\a ce noanepTae, ne ABpaaMOBaTa Bapa m e b 6i>,aem Mecna, ho b BoacneTO o6emaHHe, ne
me HMa rqtq h noTOMHH (b>k. Eht. 12:2; 15:2-5; 17:4-8; 18:14). ABpaaM OTroBopn Ha TOBa
o6emaHHe ipe3 flOBepne b Bora. Ton npoa^JDicaBaiiie ^a HMa CBMHeHHa othocho H3m>jiHeHHeTO
My, Tbii KaTO 6axa HyacHH onje TpHHa^eceT ixwhhh npe^H to j\a ce oci>mecTBH. MaKap h BapaTa
My ,aa He 6e CBBtpuieHa, 6e npneTa ot Bora. Bor e CKjioHeH ,aa pa6oTH c HeBepHH HOBeniKH
cbHjecTBa, kohto OTKjiHKBaT c Bapa Ha HeroBHTe o6emaHHa, MaKap Bapara ^ae c pa3Mep Ha
CHHanoBO 3i>pHO (b>k. MaT. 17:20).
D. H3 ynoTpe6a Ha TepMHHa
flyMara „noBHpBa" e ot rpi>L(KH)i (pisteuo), kohto MO^ce ^a ce npeBe^e h KaTO „BapBa", „Bapa" hjih
„noBepHe." HanpHMep, CbmecTBHTejiHOTO He ce cpenja b EBaHrejineTO ot HoaH, ho rjiarojibT e
necTO ynoTpe6aBaH. B HoaH 2:23-25 ce Ka3Ba, ne Hcyc He BapBa b HCKpeHOCira Ha TbjinaTa, kohto
75
H3noBaflBa, ne Hcyc ot Ha3apeT e Mecna. Jipym npHMepn 3a noBtpxHOCTHa ynoTpe6a Ha
TepMHHa „BapBaM", HaMHpaMe b HoaH 8:31-59 h J^esmm 8: 13, 18-24. HcTHHCKara 6H6jieiicKa Bapa
He e npocTO ntpBOHanajieH otkjihk. Ta Tpa6Ba fla Gt^e nocjie^BaHa ot npouec Ha yneHHHecTBO
(bk. MaT. 13:20-22,31-32).
E. YnoTpeGa Ha TepMHHa c nPE/yicoH
1. eis 03HanaBa „b." Ta3H yHHKanHa KOHCTpyKijHa noflnepTaBa, ne BapBanjHTe nojiarar
BapaTa/flOBepneTO ch b Hcyc
a. B HeroBOTO HMe (HoaH 1:12; 2:23; 3:18; I HoaH 5:13)
b. B Hero (HoaH 2:11; 3:15,18; 4:39; 6:40; 7:5,31,39,48; 8:30; 9:36; 10:42; 11:45,48;
17:37,42; MaT. 18:6; fleaHHa 10: 43 ; (D HJ i. 1:29; I neT. 1:8)
c. b MeHe (HoaH 6:35; 7:38; 11:25,26; 12:44,46; 14:1,12; 16:9; 17:20)
d. b CnHa (HoaH 3:36; 9:35; I HoaH 5:10)
e. b Hcyc (HoaH 12: 1 1; fleamta 19:4; Tan. 2: 16)
f. b CBeraHHara (HoaH 12:36)
g. b Bora (HoaH 14: 1)
2. en 03HanaBa „b", Kaicro b HoaH 3:15; Mapic 1: 15; .ZJeaHHa 5: 14
3. epi 03HanaBa „b" hjih Btpxy, KaKTO b MaT. 27:42; /Jeaffiia 9:42; 11:17; 16:31; 22:19; Phmji.
4:5,24; 9:33; 10:11; IThm. 1:16; ineT. 2:6
4. flATEJIEH UKJ\KK EE3 nPE/yiOE, KaKTO B Taji. 3:6; fleaHHa 18:8; 27:25; I HoaH 3:23; 5:10
5 . hoti, KoeTO 03HanaBa „BapBaM", onHCBaiiKH cbflbpacaffiieTO Ha BapaTa
a. Hcyc e CBeraaT Boacn (HoaH 6:69)
b . Hcyc e A3 Ci>m (HoaH 8:24)
c. Hcyc e b Oreii h Otcli e b Hero (HoaH 10:38)
d. Hcyc e MecnaTa (HoaH 1 1:27; 20:3 1)
e. Hcyc e MecnaTa (HoaH 1 1:27; 20:3 1)
f. Hcyc e H3npareH ot Oreii (HoaH 1 1:42; 17:8,21)
g. Hcyc e e^HO c Oreii (HoaH 14: 10-1 1)
h. Hcyc flOH^e ot Otcii (HoaH 16:27,30)
i. Hcyc ce npeflcraBa etc 3aBeTHOTO HMe Ha Oreii „A3 cbm" (HoaH 8:24; 13:19)
j. Hne me >KHBeeM c Hero (Phmji. 6:8)
k. Hcyc yMpa h BT>3Kp , i>CHa othobo (I Coji. 4: 14)
NASB, NKJV „Hero B a esipa"
NRSV „TaKaea esipa"
TEV, NJB „TOBa e Ta3H esipa"
ABpaaMOBaTa Bapa My 6eme cneTeHa 3a npaB^a. Ta He 6eme ocHOBaHa Ha HeroBHre ^eiiCTBHa, ho Ha
OTHOHieHHeTO My.
.HyMara „cneTe e H3noji3BaHa 3a <J>HHeec b CenTyarHHTa Ha nc. 106:31, kocto e npenpaTKa ki>m Hncjia
25:11-13. B to3h cjiynaii CHHTaHeTO e 6a3HpaHO Ha ^eiicTBHaTa Ha <l)HHeec, ho He e TaKa c ABpaaM b Bht. 15:6!
11 „ho esipea b Hero, kohto onpaB^asa HenecTHBHsi, HeroBaTa ssipa ce CHHTa 3a npaBfla" ToBa e oneBH^eH
napaneji c ABpaaM b cthx 3 (Bht. 15:6). npaB^ara e flap ot Bora, a He pesyjrrar ot HOBeniKO fleiicTBHe. Bac.
CrrnqHAJiHO noroiTHE KtM 1:17.
76
11 „,3,aBHfl" KaKTO ABpaaM He 6e cbBtpmeHa jihhhoct, ho 6e onpaB^aH ot Bor npe3 Bapa, Taica h rpeiimHa
flaBHfl, (b>k. lie. 32 h 51). Bor oGnna rpeniHHTe hobchh h pa6oTH c OHe3H (Bht. 3), kohto ynpaacHHBaT Bapa b
Hero (C3) h b HeroBHa Chh (H3).
4:6 „6e3 aejia" IlaBeji nozrqepTaBa Ta3H (J)pa3a tohho npe^H p,a HHrapa C3 (b>k. lie. 32:1-2). HoBeic e npaBe^eH
npefl Bor 3apa£H HeroBaTa Gjiaro^aT, ^aneHa npe3 XpncToe h npneTa npe3 jiHHHa Bapa, He nocpeflCTBOM
pejinrH03HH ^ejia.
4:7-8 ToBa e HHTaT ot lie. 32: 1-2. H ^BaTa raarojia ot cthx 7, „ca npocTeHn" h „ca noicpHTH" ca b CBEPIIIEHO
BPEME, CTPA/IATEJIEH 3AJIor. Hvia ce npe,aBH,a Bor. Cthx 8 cbfltp^ca cnjieH /1BOEH HErATHB, „HaMa j\a npn
HHKaKBH o6cToaTejiCTBa" 6i>,ne BMeHeHa, cieTeHa, B3eTa npe,zrBna. 3a6ejie)KeTe TpnTe TJlAroJlA b to3h urrraT; h
TpHTe icacaaT npeiviaxBaHe Ha rpexa.
4:7 „hhhto rpexoee ca 6hjih noKpHTn" ToBa e HHrar ot lie. 32:1. AcneKTbT c noicpHBaHeTO e ueHrpajieH b
^cepTBeHaTa CHereMa Ha KmeiicKHTe pHTyarra. IloKpHBaHKH rpexa, Bor ro npeiviaxBa ot jraueTO Ch (Brown,
Driver, Briggs, CTp. 491). dinara H^ea, Maicap h c pa3JiHHHa eBpencKa flyMa 3a „noKpHBaHe" (caphctr), e
H3noji3BaHa b pHTyana Ha Jlpwi Ha roicynjieHHeTO (noKpHBaHe), icb^eTO KptBTa, nocraBaHa Bi>pxy
„yMHjiocTHBHjiHmeTo", noKpHBa rpexa Ha H3panji . IloAo6Ha GnGjiencKa MeTac[)opa 6h 03HaHaBana H3TpnBaHe
hjih npeMaxBaHe Ha hchhh rpax.
4:8 „EjiarociiOBeH e hobcki>t, hhhto rpsix Tocnofl Hsiivia aa cneTe" ToBa e inrraT ot lie. 32:2. TyK rjiarojn>T
„CHHTaM," „BMeHaBaM," hjih „^eno3HpaM Ha .zrpyra CMeTKa," e H3noji3BaH b HeraTHBeH cmhcbji. Bor He Bjiara
rpax (/JBOEH HErATHB) b ,zryxoBHara CMeTKa Ha BapBamna; Ton BMeroiBa npaB^a. ToBa e ocHOBaHO Ha Boacna
6jiaroflaTeH xapaKTep, flap h roaBjieHHe, He Ha HOBemKH 3acjiyrn, nocnciceHHa hjih ^octohhctbo!
IJHTAT OT BLJirAPCKHfl IIPEBOA BEPEH — 4:9-12
06aie TOBa GjiaaceHCTBO caMO 3a o6pa3aHHre jih e, hjih h 3a Heo6pa3aHHre? IloHOKe ica3BaMe, ie Ha
ABpaaM Bapara ce cneTe 3a npaB^a. KaK ToraBa My ce cneTe? KoraTO 6eme o6pa3aH jih, hjih Heo6pa3aH? He
KoraTO 6eme o6pa3aH, a Heo6pa3aH. H toh npne 3HaKa Ha o6pa3BaHeTO KaTO nenaT Ha npaB^aTa ot BapaTa,
KoaTO HMaine, icoraro 6eine Heo6pa3aH, 3a j\a Gt^e toh 6ama Ha bchhkh, kohto BapBaT, Maicap h Heo6pa3aHH, 3a
p,a ce cneTe h Ha Tax npaB^aTa, h 6ama Ha OHe3H o6pa3aHH, kohto He caMO ca o6pa3aHH, ho h xonaT no
CTbnKHTe Ha BapaTa, KoaTO HamnaT 6anja ABpaaM HMame, Koraro 6eme Heo6pa3aH.
IJHTAT OT AHrjIHHCKHfl nPEBOA NASB — 4:9-12
9 Is this blessing then on the circumcised, or on the uncircumcised also? For we say, „FAITH WAS
credited TO Abraham AS righteousness." 10 How then was it credited? While he was circumcised, or
uncircumcised? Not while circumcised, but while uncircumcised; "and he received the sign of
circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith which he had while uncircumcised, so that he might be
the father of all who believe without being circumcised, that righteousness might be credited to them, 12 and
the father of circumcision to those who not only are of the circumcision, but who also follow in the steps of
the faith of our father Abraham which he had while uncircumcised.
4:9-12 naBeji BepoaTHO BKjiiOHBa Ta3H ^HCKycna 3a o6pa3BaHeTO, tbh Karo KmancTHre HacroaBar, ne to e
Hy>KHO 3a cnaceHHeTO (b>k. KHHrara Ha TajiaraHH h EpycanHMCKHa ci>6op ot .ZJeaHHa 15).
naBeji, oGy^eH b paBHHCKara eK3ereTHKa 3Hae, ie b Bht. 15:6 h nc. 32:2 ce noaBaBa cbmnaT TJIAroJI (Kaicro
Ha eBpeiiCKH, Taica h Ha rpMrKH). ToBa oGe^HHaBa Te3H nacaacn 3apa^H 6orocjiOBCKHTe My HejiH.
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4:9 B^npocbT ot cthx 9 onaicBa „OTpHHaTejieH" OTroBop. Bor npneMa bchhkh xopa, .nopn e3HHHHHirre npe3
Bapa. Bhthc 15:6 e HHrapaH othobo. ABpaaM, 6amaTa Ha eBpeficKaTa Haipia e cneTeH 3a npaBe^eH npe^H j\&
6-bAQ o6pa3aH.
4:10-11 „3HaKi>T Ha o6psi3BaHeTO, 6ejien>T Ha npaeaaTa npe3 esipa" Cjie,a KaTO ABpaaM 6e npH30BaH h
cneTeH 3a npaBe^eH, Bor My fla^e o6pa3BaHeTO KaTO 6ejier Ha 3aBeTa (Bht. 17:9-14). Bchhkh HapoflH ot
.UpeBHHa GjIHStK H3TOK Ce 06p33BaT, C H3KJIIOHeHHe Ha (|)HJIHCTHMHHTe, KOHTO Ca C rptHKH npOH3XOA OT
EreficKHTe octpobh. 3a Tax, o6pa3BaHeTO e 6ejier 3a npeMHHaBaHe ot ^ctctbo ki>m MtacecTBO. B aoiBOTa Ha
eBpenTe o6pa3BaHeTO e pejiHrH03eH chmboji 3a yHacrae b 3aBeTa, H3Bi>piiiBaH npn 6e6eTa ot MtacKH noji, Ha
ocMHa ^eH cne,a paacflaHeTO.
B to3h cthx „3Haic" h „6ejier" ca napanejiHH, h ^BeTe ce oraacaT p,o Bapara Ha ABpaaM. 06pa3BaHeTO e
bh^hm 6ejier 3a hjikoh, kohto ynpaaoiaBa Bapa b Bor. <J)pa3aTa b TEHHTHB „3a npaBflara npe3 Bapa" e noBTopeHa
b cthx 13. HanHHtT ^a Gt^ein o6aBeH 3a npaBe^eH npe,a CBeTHa Bor He e o6pa3BaHeTO, ho BapaTa.
4:11 „3a aa Moace aa 6i>ae 6ama Ha bchhkh, kohto esipeaT 6e3 aa ca o6psi3aHH" IlocjiaHHeTO p,o pHMjiaHnre
e nncaHO cjie^ EanaTaHH. IlaBeji e nyBCTBHrejieH kim loneiicKaTa TenneHinra p,a ce ynoBaBa Ha (1) pacoBHa
npoH3xoA (sac. MaT. 3:9; HoaH 8:33,37,39) h (2) H3m>jiHeHHe Ha ToraBaniHHTe TbjiKyBaHHa Ha MonceeBHa 3aBeT
(YcTHara TpailHL(Ha, hjih Tpa^HHHaTa Ha CTapeniHHHHTe, HanncaHa no-KbCHO h HapeneHa TanMyn.) 3aTOBa toh
H3noji3Ba ABpaaM KaTO MOfleji 3a bchhkh, kohto aareeaT npe3 Bapa (6ama na BapBamHTe Heo6pa3aHH, Bac. Tan.
3:29).
® „neHaT" Bac. CnEL(HAJIHO noiMTHE no-flOJiy.
CnEIlHAJIHO nOHHTHE: IIEHAT
3a Eoaaia nenaT ce roBopn b OTKpoBeHHe 9:4 h 14:1, h BepoaTHO b 22:4. rienaTbT Ha CaTaHa e
cnoMeHaT b 13: 16; 14:9; h 20:4. rienaTbT BepoaTHO e ,zrpeBeH HanHH p,a ce noKaace
1. HCTHHa (b>k. HoaH 3:33)
2. npHreacaHHe (Bac. HoaH 6:27; II Thm. 2: 19; Oncp. 7:2-3)
3. cnrypHOCT hjih 3amHra (sac. Bht. 4:15; MaT. 27:66; Phmji. 15:28; II Kop. 1:22; E(J)ec. 1:13; 4:30)
4. Moace fla 6i>,zie h 3HaK 3a peajiHoerra Ha BoacneTO o6emaHHe 3a flap (sac. Phmji. 4:11 h I Kop. 9:2).
Hejrra Ha to3h nenaT e fla o6o3HanH EoacHHre xopa, TaKa ne BoacnaT riiaB p,a He rn flocrarHe. nenarbT
Ha CaTaHa HfleHTHc|DHHHpa HeroBHTe xopa, kohto ca o6eKT Ha Boacna rHaB. B OTKpoBeHHe npn „rojiaMaTa
CKpi>6" (T.e., thlipsis) BHHarn HeBapBamn npecjie^BaT BapBamn, ^OKaTO rHeBi>T/apocTTa (T.e., orge or
thumos) BHHarn H3pa3aBa BoacneTO ocbac^aHe naj\ HeBapBamHTe, TaKa ne j\a ce noKaaT h p,a ce o6i>pHaT c
Bapa kbm XpncToc. Ta3H no3HTHBHa ueji Ha ocbacflaHeTO Moace j\a 6i>fle BH^aHa b 3aBeTHHTe
npoKjiaTHa/6jiarocjiOBeHHa Ha BTop. 27-28.
HspastT „acHBHaT Bor" e nrpa Ha .zryMH c YHWH (Bac. H3x. 3:14; nc. 42:2; 84:2; MaT. 16:16). Ctmara
nrpa Ha pymvi Hecro OTKpHBaMe b 6H6jieiicKHTe oGpeini, ,„noKaTO Eocnoa acHBee."
4:12 „cjieflBaHKH b crbnKHTe" ToBa e BoeHeH TepMHH (stoicheo) 3a bohhhhh, MapumpyBamH b crpoii (Bac.
J\esHnn 21:24; Ean. 5:25; 6:16; cDhji. 3:16). B to3h cthx naBeji roBopn 3a BapBamHTe lOflen („6ama Ha
o6pa3BaHeTo"). ABpaaM e 6ama na bchhkh, kohto ynpaacHaBar Bapa b Bora h HeroBHTe o6emaHHa.
Ti>h KaTO HMa flBa onpe,aejiHTejiHH tbieha (tois), Bi>3MoacHO e BTopnaT acneKT „cjie,aBamH b CTbnKHre Ha" ,aa
Ao6aBa H^eaTa 3a eaceflHeBHaTa Bapa (CErAlllHO nPlTCACTHE, cpe^eh 3AJlor [oTjiaraTejieH]), a He caMO
e^HOKpaTHa npoaBa Ha Bapa. CnaceHneTO e pa3BHBamo ce B3aHMOOTHomeHHe, a He caMO mom6htho bojicbo
peuieHne.
IJHTAT OT EKJIEAPCKHfl nPEBORBEPEH — 4:13-15
78
" 3amoTO o6emaHHeTO Ha ABpaaM hjih Ha hotomctboto My - ne me Gt^e Hacjie^HHic Ha CBeTa - He CTaHa
npe3 3aKOHa, a npe3 npaB^ara ot Bapa. 3amoTO, aico ca Hacjie,aHHHH Te3H, kohto ca ot 3aKOHa, to Bapara e
npa3Ha h o6emaHHeTO - ocyeTeHO. 3amoTO 3aKOHbT ^oicapBa thsb, a TaM, Kt^eTO HaMa 3aKOH, HaMa h
npecTbnjieHHe.
HHTAT OT AHrjIHHCKHfl nPEBORNASB — 4:13-15
13 For the promise to Abraham or to his descendants that he would be heir of the world was not through
the Law, but through the righteousness of faith. 14 For if those who are of the Law are heirs, faith is made
void and the promise is nullified; 15 for the Law brings about wrath, but where there is no law, there also is
no violation.
4:13 „o6emaHHeTO 3a ABpaaM hjih 3a HeroBHre noTOMun" Bor js,ap,e Ha ABpaaM o6emaHHe 3a „3eMa h
noTOMCTBo" (b>k. Bht. 12:1-3; 15:1-6; 17:1-8; 22:17-18). C3 ce (})OKycHpa Btpxy 3eMjrra (TlajiecTHHa), ho b H3
(J)OKycBT e B^pxy „hotomctboto" (Hcyc, MecnaTa, b^k. Taji. 3:16,19), ho TyK .nyMara „hotomctbo" Kacae xopara
Ha BapaTa (b>k. Taji. 3:29). EoacHHre o6emaHHa ca ocHOBa 3a flOBepneTO Ha bchhkh BapBaujH (b>k. Taji.
3:14,17,18,19, 21, 22,29; 4:28; E B p. 5:13-18).
H „3a aa 6i>fle toh HacjieflHHK Ha ceeTa" ToBa yHHBepcanHO TBtp^eHne e MHoro 3HanHMO b CBeTjiHHaTa Ha
Bht. 12:3; 18:18; 22:18 h H3x. 19:5-6. Bor npH30Ba ABpaaM, 3a ^a npH30Be HajioTO HOBenecTBO (b>k. Bht. 1:26-
27; 3:15)! ABpaaM h HeroBHTe hotomhh Tpa6Baine j\a 6bflaT h3tohhhk Ha OTKpoBeHHe 3a Henna CBaT. ToBa e
Apyr HanHH p,a o6acHHM Bo^cneTO uapcTBO Ha 3eMaTa (b^k. MaT. 6:10).
H „He npe3 3aKOHa" MoficeeBHaT 3aKOH Bee onje He e ^a^CH. g rpi>HKHa opHrHHan to3h H3pa3 e b HanajiOTO Ha
H3peneHHeTO, 3a j\a ce H3TbKHe HeroBaTa 3HanHMOCT. ToBa e MHoro Ba>KHa HCTHHa, KoaTO nonnepTaBa pa3JiHKara
Meac^y HOBeniKHTe ycnjina h 6oacecTBeHaTa Gjiarozjar (b)k. 3:21-31). BjiaroAaira npaBH 3aKOHa 6e3nojie3eH KaTO
cpe^CTBO 3a cnaceHne (b*c. EBp. 8:7, 13). B>k. CnElTHAJTHO noHilTHE: BH2K,ZL\HHflTA HA IIABEJI 3A
MOHCEEBHfl 3AKOH kt>m 13:9
4:14 „aKo" ToBa e ycJIOBHO HaPEqEHHE OT rrtPBH BHfl, KoeTO aBTopT>T npneMa 3a BapHO, 3amoTO OTroBapa Ha
jiHTepaTypHHTe My hcjih. riaBeji H3noji3Ba TOBa CTpacicamo ropeneHHe, 3a p,a npe^CTaBH CBoa jioraHecKH
apryMeHT. ToBa e floG'tp npnMep 3a YCJIOBHO hspetohhe OT itlpbh BHfl, H3noji3BaHO 3a peTopnHHH uejiH.
riaBeji He CMaTa, ne TBtp^eHneTO e BapHO, ho ro 3aaBaBa, 3a p,a noicaace oneBH^Hara My norpeiimocT (b>k. ct. 2).
PaAHKajiHHTe Kmen, HMamn BH^HMHa 6ejier Ha o6pa3BaHeTO Tpa6Baine ^a 6i>,naT Hacne,nHHHH Ha CBeTa, ho
OHe3H, kohto ynpaacHaBar Bapa b BoacnaTa Bona h cjioboto ca peajiHHTe Hacne,aHHHH. He (|)H3HHecKOTO
o6pa3BaHe e HCTHHCKHaT 6ejier, a BapaTa (b>k. 2:28-29).
m
NASB, NKJV „BsipaTa e HeBajiHflHa"
NRSV „BsipaTa e npa3Ha"
TEV „HOBeuiKaTa ssipa He 3HanH hhiho"
JB „BsipaTa CTasa 6e3nojie3Ha"
H3peHeHHeTO e ITEPOEKTHO BPEME, CTPA,fl;ATEJrEH 3AJIOr, H3iIBHTEJrHO HAKJIOHEHHE Ha kenoo,
H3pa3aBamo ycTaHOBeHO CBCToaHHe Ha cnjiHHa rptuKH raaroji „p,a H3npa3Ha", „^a noicasca, ne HaMa ocHOBa",
flopn %a „(J)ajiinH(J)HL(HpaM" (b)k. I Kop. 1:17) To3h TepMHH e H3noji3BaH ot naBen h b I Kop. 1:17; 9: 15; II Kop.
9:3 h <J>hji. 2:7.
ii
NASB „o6emaHHeTO e aHyjinpaHo"
NKJV „o6emaHHeTO e HanpaBeHO 6e3pe3yjiTaTHo"
NRSV „o6emaHHeTO e npa3Ho"
TEV „Eo5KHeTO o6emaHHe e 6e3 ctohhoct"
79
JB „o6emaHHeTO ne CTpyea hhujo"
ToBa CbUiO e nEPOEKTHO BPEME, CTPA/JATEJEH 3AJIOr, H3iIBHTEJIHO HAKJIOHEHHE, H3pa3aBamO
ycTaHOBeiro cbcroaHHe Ha chjich rpi>HKH rjiaron, kohto 03HanaBa ,„aa H3npa3Ha", „^a OTMeHa", „^a cjio>Ka
Kpafi", h flopn „ji,a yHHmo>Ka hjih H3Tpe6a". IloHaTHeTO ce H3noji3Ba ot IlaBeji h b Phmji. 3:3,31; 6:6; 7:2,6; I
Kop. 2:6; 13:8; 15:24,26; II Kop. 3:7; Ian. 5:4; II Coji. 2:8. Harnme e oneBH^eH napajiejiHStM b to3h cthx. HaMa
ABa HanHHa 3a cnaceHHe. Hobhht 3aBeT Ha Gjiarcaarra aHyjrapa h yHHmo>KaBa crapna 3aBeT Ha flejiaTa! Bac.
CrrnqHAJiHO noroiTHE: YHHIIJO^KABAM / AHYJIHPAM ki>m 3:3.
4:15 „3aKOHi>T... 3aKOH" ripn ntpBara ch ynoTpe6a ci>mecTBHTejiHOTO e HjieHyBaHO, ^OKaTO npn BTopaTa - He.
Maxap p,a e onacHO j\a oxnejiaMe npeKaneHO BHHMaHHe Ha HajiHHHeTO hjih jinncaTa Ha HjieHyBaHe b rpi>HKHa,
TOBa oneBH^HO hh noMara j\a bh^hm, ne b KomcpeTHiia cjiynan IlaBeji H3noji3Ba TepMHHa b ^Ba CMHCbJia: (1)
MoficeeBHa 3aicoH c ycTHaTa Tpaanniia, Ha kohto hhkoh K>,aeH ynoBaBaxa 3a cbocto cnaceHHe h (2) H^eaTa 3a
3aKOHa KaTO Hano. no-nmpoKHaT cmhcbji me BKjnoiBa h ce6enpaBe,aHHTe c3hhhhl(h, kohto Bi>3npHeMaT to3h
hjih oh3h MopajieH KOA Ha noBe,neHHe hjih pejrarH03HH pHTyann, h ce nyBCTBaT npneTH ot 6o>KecTBOTO, Ha
ocHOBa Ha CBOHTe j\Qna.
11 „3aKOHi>T npe^H3BHKBa thsib" ToBa H3aBjieHHe e moKHpamo (b>k. 3:20; Taji. 3:10-13; Koji. 2:14).
MoiiceeBHaT 3aKOH HHKora He e npeflBroK^aH KaTO HaiHH 3a cnaceHHe (b>k. ran. 3:23-29). Ta3H HCTHHa ipy^HO
me 6i>,ae pa36paHa hjih npneTa ot hjikoh K>,aeHH (hjih jieranncT), ho ts e b ocHOBaTa Ha IlaBjiOBHa apryMenr. Bac.
CnEqHAJiHO noroiTHE kbm 13:9.
11 „Ki>fleTO HsiMa 3aKOH, HHMa h HapyuieHne" Bor ^tp^KH HOBeuHTe OTroBopHH 3a CBeTjiHHaTa, kohto HMaT.
E3HHHHi(HTe HaMa p,a 6i>,ziaT CbflCHH qt MoiiceeBHa 3aKOH, kohto HHKora He ca nyjiH. Te me OTrOBapHT Ha
ocHOBaHne Ha OTKpoBeHHeTO ot npHpo^aTa (b^k. 1: 19-20; 2: 14-15).
TyK Ta3H HCTHHa e pa3BHra c e^Ha cn>nKa Hanpe^ b IlaBjiOBHa apryMeHT. ripe^H MoiiceeBHaT 3aKOH acHO j\a
pa3Kpne Bora, Ton He ai>P>kh CMeTKa 3a HapynieHHjrra Ha HOBeiprre (b>k. 3:20,25; 4: 15; 5: 13,20; 7:5,7-8; J^esmm
17:30; I Kop. 15:56).
HHTAT OT BBJirAPCKHfl IIPEBOR BEPEH — 4:16-25
3aTOBa onpaB^aHHeTO e ot Bapa, 3a p,a 6i>,ae no 6jiaro,aaT, TaKa ne o6emaHHeTO j\a 6i>,ae cnrypHO 3a hjijioto
noTOMCTBO - He caMO 3a TOBa, KoeTO e ot 3aKOHa, ho h 3a OHOBa, kocto e ot BapaTa Ha ABpaaM, kohto e 6anja Ha
bchhkh Hac, KaKTO e nncaHo: „HanpaBHx Te 6ama Ha MHoro Hapo,zni", npe,a Bora, Ha KoroTO toh noBapBa,
kohto ci>>KHBHBa MtpTBHTe h BHKa Heci>mecTByBamoTO KaTO cbmecTByBanjo. ABpaaM, HanHBaiiKH ce, 6e3 j\a
HMa npHHHHa 3a Haneac^a, noBapBa, 3a j\a CTaHe 6ama Ha MHoro Hapo^H, cnope^ Ka3aHOTo: „TojiKOBa me 6i>,ae
TBoeTO noTOMCTBO." H 6e3 ,aa OTCJia6He bi>b Bapa, KaTO BHac^anie, ie TajiOTO My e Bene 3aMi>pTBajio, Tbii KaTO
6enie Ha okojio cto touhhh, KaKTO h MtpTBOCira Ha yrpo6aTa Ha Capa, He ce yci>MHH b BoacneTO o6emaHHe
npe3 HeBepne, a ce yKpenn bi>b Bapa, KaTO OTjs,ap,e cjiaBa Ha Bora h KaTO 6enie HanbjiHO yBepeH, ne TOBa, kocto
Bor e o6emaji, Ton e chjich h p,a ro h3hi>jihh. 3aTOBa My ce cneTe 3a npaB^a. Ho TOBa, ne My ce cneTe, He
6enie HanncaHO caMO 3a Hero, a h 3a Hac. Ta me ce CHnra 3a npaB^a h Ha Hac, kohto BapBaMe b To3h, kohto
Bi>3KpecH ot MtpTBHTe Hncyc, Hanina TocnoA, kohto 6enie npeflaAeH 3a HaniHTe nperpenieHHa h 6enie
Bi>3KpeceH 3a HanieTO onpaB^aHne.
I1HTAT OT AHrjIHHCKHfl nPEBORNASB — 4:16-25
16 For this reason it is by faith, in order that it may be in accordance with grace, so that the promise will
be guaranteed to all the descendants, not only to those who are of the Law, but also to those who are of the
faith of Abraham, who is the father of us all, 17 (as it is written, „A father of many nations have I made
you") in the presence of Him whom he believed, even God, who gives life to the dead and calls into being
that which does not exist. 18 In hope against hope he believed, so that he might become a father of many
nations according to that which had been spoken, „So SHALL YOUR DESCENDANTS BE." 19 Without becoming
80
weak in faith he contemplated his own body, now as good as dead since he was about a hundred years old,
and the deadness of Sarah's womb; 20 y e t> with respect to the promise of God, he did not waver in unbelief
but grew strong in faith, giving glory to God, 21 and being fully assured that what God had promised, He
was able also to perform. 22 Therefore also It was credited to him as righteousness. 23 Now not for his
sake only was it written that it was credited to him, 24 but for our sake also, to whom it will be credited, as
those who believe in Him who raised Jesus our Lord from the dead, 25 He who was delivered over because of
our transgressions, and was raised because of our justification.
4:16 ToBa e npeicpacHO o6o6meHHe na IlaBjiOBHa apryMenr ot cthx 14: (1) xopara Tpa6Ba p,a. OTKjiHKHaT c Bapa;
(2) Ha Bo^KHeTO 6jiaroflaTHO o6emaHHe; (3) o6emaHHeTO e curypiro 3a bchhkh iiotomuh (eBpen h c3hhhhhh) Ha
ABpaaM, kohto ynpaacHJiBaT Bapa; h (4) ABpaaM e npHMep 3a bchhkh, kohto HMaT Bapa.
® „0CHrypeHa" Bac. CnEqHAJIHO noiMTHE no-flOJiy.
| CnEHHAJiHO noHHTHE: rAPAHHHfl
ToBa e rp^HKHJiT TepMHH bebaios, kohto HMa Tpn 3HaneHHa.
1. Henjo, KoeTO e cnrypHO, H3nHTaHO h HaflOK^HO, (b>k. Phmji. 4:16; II Kop. 1:7; EBp. 2:20; 3:6,14;
6:19; II neT. 1:10,19).
2. npoueebT, npe3 kohto 6nBa roaBeHO hjih ycTaHOBeHO Henjo HaflOK^HO (b>k. Phmji. 15:8; EBp. 2:2,
b>k. Louw and Nida, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, Vol. 1, crp. 340,377,670).
3 . b nannpycHTe flyMara ce npeBptma b TexHiraecKH TepMHH 3a Cb^eGHa rapaHi(Ha (b>k. Moulton and
Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek New Testament, crp. 107-108).
ToBa Tpa6Ba j\?l e aHTHre3a Ha cthx 14. EoacHHre o6emaHHa ca cnrypHn!
11 „BCHHKH... BCHHKH" Te3H flyMH Ce OTHaCST 3a BCHHKH BapBaHJH - H lO^CH, h e3HHHHL(H.
4:17-23 IlaBeji othobo H3noji3Ba npHMepa c ABpaaM, 3a ^a noKaace npnopHTeTa Ha (1) 6jiaronaTHHre h
HHHi(HHpamH Bo>khh o6emaHHa (3aBeT); h (2) H3HCKBaHaTa ot HOBeuHre ntpBOHanajiHa h nocroaHCTBama Bapa
(3aBeT; b^k. Gejie^KKara kbm 1:5.). 3aBeTHre BHHarn BKjiiOHBaT ynacTHe h Ha flBeTe napTHH.
4:17 „KaKTO e nncaHo: „OTEL( HA MHOro HAPO^H" ToBa e inrraT ot Bht. 17:5. B CemyarHHra (LXX)
^yMara e „C3hhhhl(h". Bor BHHarn e HCKan H3KynjieHHe 3a bchhkh fleua Ha A^aM (b>k. Bht. 3:15), He caMO 3a
AeuaTa Ha ABpaaM. Hoboto hmc Ha ABpaM, ABpaaM, 03HanaBa „6ama Ha mho^kcctbo". Cera Bene 3HaeM, ne TOBa
BKjiiOHBa He caMO 4>H3HHecKHTe noTOMiiH, ho h Te3H no Bapa.
11 „kohto flaea hchbot Ha MtpTBHTe" B KOHTeKCTa TOBa ce OTHaca j\o Bi)3o6HOBeHHTe ceKcyanHH (J)vhkij;hh Ha
ABpaaM h Capa (b»c. ct. 19).
11 „npH30BaBa b ctmecTByBaHe OHOBa, kocto He ci>mecTByBa" B KOHTeKCTa H3pa3T>T ce OTHaca j\o
6peMeHHOCTTa Ha Capa c HcaaK, ho ocbch TOBa Kacae h ctmecTBeH acneKT ot BapaTa (b»c. EBp. 11:1).
4:18
NASB „Ha/jHBaHKH ce, 6e3 #a HMa Haaeayja, toh noBsipBa"
NKJV „kohto 6e3 aa HMa npnHHHa 3a Haaea^a, noBsipBa"
NRSV «toh noBsipBa c Ha^ea^a, 6e3 aa HMa Haaeayia"
TEV „ABpaaM noBsipBa h ce Haasnjauie, MaKap #a HsiMauie npnHHHa 3a Ha^ea^a"
NJB „MaKap #a H3rjie5K^auie, ne HnMa Ha/je^a, toh ce Haasnjauie h BnpBauie"
B>k. CnEqHAJIHOTO nOHilTHE: HAflE5KflA ki>m 12:12. flyMara Hiia innpoKa ceManraHHa ynoTpe6a.
Harold K. Moulton, The analytical Greek Lexicon Revised, erp. 133, onncBa hhkojiko ynoTpe6H.
1. ochobho 3HaneHHe, Ha^eac^a (b>k. Phmji. 5:4; fleam™ 24: 15)
2. o6eKTbT Ha HanoK^a (b>k. Phmji. 8:24; Tan. 5:5)
3 . aBTop hjih H3TOHHHK (b>k. Koji. 1 :27; I Thm. 1:1)
4. ^OBepne, yBepeHocr (b>k. I IleT. 1 :21)
5. no^CHrypeHO c rapaHii,Ha (b>k. fleamia 2:26; Phmji. 8:20)
B to3h KOHreKCT Hazie^ara e H3noji3BaHa b ,aBa pa3JiHHHH CMHCbjia. HaflOK^a b HOBeniKara choco6hoct h
CHjia (b>k. ct. 19-21) cpemy HaflOK^aTa b BoacHHTe o6emaHHa (b>k. ct. 17).
H
NASB, NKJV „TOJiKOBa me 6i>aaT tbohtc noTOMim"
NRSV „TOJiKOBa MHoro6poHHH me 6i>aaT tbohtc noTOMim"
TEV „noTOMi;HTe th me 6i>aaT MHoro"
JB „noTOMi;HTe th me 6i>aaT MHoro6poHHH KaTO 3Be3flHre"
ToBa e HHrar ot Bht. 15:5, H3TbKBam CHrypHOCTTa Ha Btokhcto o6emaHHe ki>m ABpaaM 3a chh (b>k. ct. 19-
22). CnoMHeTe ch, ne HcaaK e po^eH:
1 . TpHHa^eceT roaHHH cne,a o6emaHHeTo;
2. cjie,a KaTO ABpaaM Ha jip& hbth ce e onHran j\& j\&j\q Capa ( b>k. Bht. 12: 10-19; 20: 1-7);
3. cne,a KaTO ernneTCKaTa cjryrHHa Ha Capa Arap e po^Hjia chh Ha ABpaaM (b>k. Bht. 16: 1-16);
4. cne,a KaTO h Capa (b>k. Bht. 18: 12), h ABpaaM (b>k. Bht. 17: 17) ca ce 3acMejra Ha o6emaHHeTO.
BapaTa My He e 6njia CBBtpineHa! CjiaBa Bory, cnaceHHeTO He H3HCKBa CBBtpineHa Bapa, ho e^HHCTBeHO
npaBHjiHHa o6eKT (Bor b Crapna 3aBeT h HeroBHa Chh b HoBHa 3aBeT).
4:20 ntpBOHanajiHO ABpaaM He pa36npa HanbjiHO o6emaHHeTO, ne AeTeTO me ce po^H ot Capa. flopn h
ABpaaMOBaTa Bapa He 6eine CbBtpineHa. Bor npneMa HecbBtpineHaTa Bapa, 3arn,OTO oGiraa HecbBtpineHHTe
xopa!
H „toh He ce pa3KOJie6a b HeBepHe" CbmnaT TJIAroJI, diakrino, e H3noji3BaH ot Hcyc b MaT. 21:21; MapK
1 1:23. MaKap ^a HMaine bchhkh ocHOBaHHa ^a ce CBMHaBa (b>k. ct. 19), ABpaaM ce yKpenn bi>b Bapa.
flBaTa TJIArOJIA B CTHX 20 ca CBEPIIIEHO BPEME, CTPAJJATEJIEH 3AJIOr, H3iIBHTEJIHO HAKJIOHEHHE.
CTPAJJATEJIHHilT 3AJIor roBopn 3a nocpeflHHHecTBOTO Ha Bora, ho ABpaaM Tpa6Banie ^a flonycHe BoacnaTa cnjia
fla ro h3hi>jihh!
® „0Tflaae cjiasa Ha Bora" B>k. Chehhajiho noHiiTHE ki>m 3:23.
4:21
NASB „6HfleiiKH Ham>jiHO yBepeH"
NKJV, NRSV „6HfleiiKH HantjiHO ySeaeH"
TEV „6euie a6cojiH)THO cnrypeH"
NJB „Hani>jiHO y6eaeH"
TjiarOJIbT e MHHAJIO CBEPIIIEHO BPEME, CTPAJJATEJIEH 3AJIOr, npHHaCTHe, KOeTO OnHCBa HbJIHaTa
yBepeHOCT b Hemo (b>k. JlyKa 1:1; Koji. 4: 12) hjih HaKoro (b»c. 4:21; 14:5). CEITTECTBHTEJIHOTO roBopn 3a m>jiHa
cnrypHOCT b Koji. 2:2 h I Coji. 1:5. Ta3H yBepeHOCT b BoacnaTa BOJia, cjiobo h cnjia noMara Ha xopaTa p,a
^eiicTBaT c Bapa!
H „KaKBOTO Bor e o6emaJi> Tofi e b cbCTOsmne aa ro H3Bi>puiH" TjiarojitT e b ITEPOEKTHO BPEME, CPEJJEH
3AJIor (^enoHeHTeH) H3iIBHTEJrHO HAKJIOHEHHE, KoeTO 03HanaBa ^eiiCTBHe b MHHanoTO, HMamo BjinaHHe b
HacToameTO. CbmHocrra Ha BapaTa e, ne HOBeK ce ^OBepaBa Ha xapaKrepa h o6emaHHaTa Ha (b>k. 16:25; E(|)ec.
82
3:20; K),na 24), a He Ha HOBeniKnre ^ejia (b^k. Hcaa 55:11). BapaTa ce ^OBepaBa Ha Btokhhtc o6emaHHa (b>k.
Hcaa 55:11), kohto Toh H3m>jiHaBa (Bht. 12:1-3 h 15:6, 12-21; E3eK. 36:22-36).
4:22 ToBa e amo3Ha kt>m Bht. 15:6 (b>k. ct. 3), kocto e KjnonoBHaT 6orocjiOBCKH momcht b IlaBjiOBHa apryMeHT
othocho TOBa KaK Bor ^aBa CBoaTa npaB^a Ha rpeniHH noBenn.
4:23-25 Te3H cthxobc ca e^HO ropeneHne Ha rptuKH. 3a6ejie>KeTe nporpecnaTa.
1 . othocho ABpaaM, cthx 23
2. OTHOCHO BCHHKH BapBamH, CTHX 24
3 . npe3 Bor, kohto BtsicpecH Hcyc, cthx 24
4. Hcyc 6e npeji,ap,eH 3a HaniHTe rpexoBe (b>k. HoaH 3:16) Hcyc e BtsicpeceH 3a npomeHneTO Ha HaniHTe
rpexoBe (onpaB^aHne), cthx 25
4:24 BapaTa Ha ABpaaM ce npeBptma b MO,neji, kohto cjie^BaT bchhkh hcthhckh noTOMnn. ABpaaM noBapBa
(Bac. CnEL[HAJIHO noiMTHE kbm 4:5) b Bora othocho o6emaHHa chh h noTOMnn. HoB03aBeTHHTe BapBamn
BapBaT, ne Hcyc e MecnaTa, H3HbjiHeHHeTO Ha bchhkh Bo>khh o6emaHHa kbm na^HajiOTO HOBenecTBO.
CtHjeCTBHTejIHOTO „nOTOMCTBO" Ce H3nOJI3Ba KaKTO B e^HHCTBeHO, TaKa H B MHO^KeCTBeHO hhcjio (chh, Hapofl).
II 3a „B , b3KpeceH" bh>k 6ejie>KKara kt>m 8:11.
4:25 „kohto 6e npeaaaeH 3apaflii HauiHre rpexoee" ToBa e ci>,ne6eH TepMHH, kohto 03HanaBa „^a npep,ap,eui
HaKoro, 3a ^a Gt^e HaKa3aH" Cthx 25 e ny^ecHO xpncTOJiornHHO TBtp^eHHe ot CemyarHHra ot Hcaa 53:11-12.
III „6e Bi>3KpeceH 3a HauieTO onpaBflaHHe" Jlpere Kjiay3H ot cthx 25 ca napanejiHH (cbmnaT nPE/yior H ^BETE
CA CBLPIIIEHO BPEME, CTPA^ATEJIEH 3AJIOr, H3iIBHTEJIHO HAKJIOHEHHE). HpeBOZTbT Ha OpaHK CTar (Frank
Stagg New Testament Theology, erp. 97) „npe,ziafleH 3apa^H HaniHTe rpexoBe h B^KpeceH c Hen HaniHTe
cbmecTBa j\?l CTaHaT npaBe^HH" MO>Ke MHoro j\a. Gt^e KOMeHTHpaH. ToBa TbjiKyBaHe BKjnonBa flBara acneKTa Ha
naBjioBaTa ynoTpe6a Ha TepMHHa „onpaB^aBaM" (1) cbp,e6ao (npaBHo) TBtp^eHHe h (2) 6oroyro,zieH,
xpHCTonoAo6eH >khbot! Bac. CnEqHAJIHO noiMTHE kbm 1:17.
BLIIPOCH 3A OBCL^UAHE
To3H KOMeHTap e caMO p^kobojctbo 3a H3ynaBaHe. ToBa 03HanaBa, ne BHe caMH Hocnre OTroBopHOCT 3a
HanHHa, no kohto TbjiKyBaTe BnGjinaTa. BceKH ot Hac Tpa6Ba p,a xoan b CBeraHHara, KoaTO My e ^aneHa.
npHopnreT npn HHTepnpeTannaTa CTe caMHaT BHe, Baniara Bn6jiHa h CBeTHaT Jfyx. He 6nBa j\a. npexBtpjiaTe
Ta3n OTroBopHOCT Ha kohto Hflae KOMeHrarop.
HacToanjHTe B^npocn 3a oGcb^aHe nejiaT p,a bh noflnoMorHar ^a o6mhcjihtc ochobhhtc tcmh b to3h
pa3fleji Ha nocjiaHneTO. Hejrra hm e j\& npe,aH3BHKaT mhcjih, a He ^a flanar KpanHH OTroBopn.
1 . 3amo Ta3H nacr ot PnMjiaHH e TOJiKOBa BaacHa?
2. 3amp naBeji H3noji3Ba naBeji h ,Z],aBna KaTO npnMepn?
3 . ,Z],e(J)HHHpaHTe cjieflHHre kjiiohobh ,zryMH, cbrjiacHO naBjioBaTa ynoTpe6a (He BamaTa fle<J)HHHL(Ha)
a. „npaBfla"
b. „CHHTa"
c. „Bapa"
d. „o6emaHHe"
4. 3amp o6pa3BaHeTO e TOJiKOBa BaacHO 3a eBpenre (ct. 9-12)?
5. 3a Koro ce OTHaca ,zryMaTa „noTOMCTBo" b CTHxoBe 13 n 16?
83
84
Phmjihhh 5 rjiaea
PA3AEJIEHHA nO AE3AHH B CBBPEMEHHHTE nPEBO^H
UBS 4
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
JB
Pe3yjrraTH
ot onpaB/iaHHeTO
BapaTa no6exc/iaBa
b 6e/ia
IIoCJie/ICTBHH
ot onpaB/iaHHeTO
IIpaBe/iHH npe/i Bora
BapaTa
rapaHTHpa cnaceHHe
5:1-11
5:1-5
5:1-5
5:1-5
5:1-11
XpHCTOC
Ha Hanie mhcto
5:6-11
5:6-11
5:6-11
AjiaM H XpHCTOC
CMtpT B AjiaM,
5KHBOT B XpHCTOC
A/iaM h XpncToc :
AHajiorna
H KOHTpaCT
A/iaM H XpHCTOC
A^aM h
Hcyc XpncToc
5:12-14
5:12-21
5:12-14
5:12-14b
5:12-14
5:14c-17
5:15-21
5:15-17
5:15-21
5:18-21
5:18-19
5:20-21
nPOHHT HA TPETH HHKBJI (bsk. CTp. ix)
IIPOCJlEffXBAHE HA ABTOPCKOTO HAMEPEHME HA HHBO AE3AHH
To3h KOMeHTap e caMO p^kobo^ctbo 3a H3ynaBaHe. ToBa 03HanaBa, ne BHe caMH Hocnre OTroBopHOCT 3a
HanHHa, no kohto TbjiKyBaTe EnGjinaTa. BceKH ot Hac Tpa6Ba j\a xoan b CBeTjiHHaTa, koato My e ^aneHa.
IlpHopHTeT npn HHTepnpeTai(HHTa ere caMHjrr BHe, BainaTa BhGjihh h CBeTHjrr Jfyx. He 6nBa p,a. npexBtpjiaTe
Ta3H OTroBopHOCT Ha kohto H/jae KOMeHrarop.
nponeTeTe raaBaTa Ha e^HH ffbx. Onpe^ejieTe TeMHTe. CtnocTaBeTe BaineTO TeMaTHHHO pas^ejieHHe c
neire CBBpeMeHHH npeBO^a no-rope. Pas^ejiaHeTO Ha a63aiiH He e B^txHOBeHO ot Bora, ho e kjiiohobo 3a
npocjie,zyiBaHeTO Ha aBTopcKOTO HaMepeHHe. A HMeHHO TOBa e b cbpHeBHHara Ha HHTepnpeTHpaHeTO. BceKH
a63ai( HMa e^Ha e^HHCTBeHa Teivia.
1 . HbpBH a63ai(
2. Btoph a63ai(
3 . TpeTH a63ai(
4. Ht.h.
HAEJIIOAEHHfl BBPXY KOHTEKCTA
85
CraxoBe 1-11 ca e^HO ropeneHHe Ha rptipcH. Te pa3BHBaT ueHTpajiHara IlaBjioBa unea 3a „onpaB^aHHe
npe3 Bapa" (b>k. 3:21-4:25).
B.
Bi)3mo>khh njiaHOBe Ha CTHxoBe 1-11:
Cthxobc 1-5
CTHxoBe 6-8
Cthxobc 9-11
IIoji3aTa ot cnaceHHeTO
OcHOBaTa Ha cnaceHHeTO
B-b^emaTa cnrypHOCT
b cnaceHHeTO
CyGeKTHBHH npe5KHB)IBaHHH
Ha onpaB/iaHHeTO
06eKTHBHH (JiaKTH
Ha onpaB/iaHHeTO
E-b^ema cnrypHOCT
b onpaB/iaHHeTO
OnpaB/iaHHe
IIporpecHBHO ocBemeHne
ripocjiaBaHe
AHTpononorHH
Teojiorna
EcxaTOJiorna
Cthxobc 12-21 ca ^HCicycHa 3a Hcyc KaTO BTopna A^aM (b^k. I Kop. 15:21-22, 45-49; <I>hji. 2:6-8). Te
nocTaBaT aKijeirra Btpxy 6orocjiOBCKaTa KOHuenHHa 3a HH^HBH^yanHHa rpax h 3a o6maTa BHHa.
IlaBjioBaTa ^oiopHHa 3a rpexonazieHHeTO Ha HOBeiecTBOTO (h TBopeHHeTo) npe3 A^aM e TOJiKOBa
yHHKajiHa h pa3JiHHHa ot Ta3H Ha paBHHHTe, flOKaro cxBanjaHeTO My 3a o6mara BHHa e b cbrjiacne c
paBHHCKOTO y^eHHe. ToBa noica3Ba yMeHHeTO Ha IlaBeji no^ B^txHOBeHHeTO Ha flyxa ^a H3noji3Ba hjih
npnjiara HayieHOTO ot nepno^a My b EpycajiHM, ^oicaTO 6eine b uiKOJiaTa Ha TaMajiKHji (b>k. Jlpsmmi
22:3).
Pe<J)opMaTOcpKaTa eBaHrejiCKa ^oicrpHHa 3a m>pBopo,nHHa rpax ot Bht. 3 e pa3pa6oTeHa ot ABrycTHH h
KajiBHH. Cnopefl nea HOBeicbT ce paac^a rpeineH (m>jiHa noKBapa). HecTO m>TH IlcajiM 51:5; 58:3; h Hob
15: 14; 25:4 ca ijirrapaHH b noflicpena. AjiTepHaTHBHaTa 6orocjiOBCKa no3mjna, ne xopaTa ca MopajiHO h
^yxoBHO OTroBopHH 3a CBoa H36op h CBA6a, e pa3pa6oTeHa ot IlejiarHH h Apmhhhh. Hvia hjikoh
AOKa3aTejiCTBa 3a TexHHTe cxBanjaHHa b BTop. 1:39; Hcaa 7:15; h HoHa 4:11; HoaH 9:41; 15:22,24;
J^enmm 17:30; Phmji. 4:15. Ochobhoto b Ta3H 6orocjiOBCKa no3Hipi5i e, ne ^enaTa ca hcbhhhh, ^OKaro
^ocTHrHaT Bi>3pacT, b kosto ca MopajiHO OTroBopHH (cnopefl paBHHHTe, TOBa e 13 ro^HHH 3a MOMieTara
h 12 3a MOMHneTara
HMa h Meac^HHHa no3mjna, cnope^ KoaTO h BtTpeniHaTa ckjiohhoct icbm 3jioto, h Bi>3pacTOBHa nepnoA
Ha MopajiHa OTroBopHOCT, ca Bepmi! 3jioto He e caMO o6mo, ho Kacae h pa3BHTneTO My y oxziejiHara
jihhhoct, npoaBaBanja ce b rpax (>khbot, kohto nporpecHBHO ce OT^ajieiaBa ot Bora. TyK B^npoctT He e
b HenecTHeTO y HOBeiecTBOTO (b>k. Bht. 6:5,11-12,13; Phmji. 3:9-18,23), ho Kora ce noaBaBa to, npn
paac^aHeTO hjih no-ici>CHO
'>
D. HMa H3K0JIK0 TeOpHH OTHOCHO npHJITOKCHHeTO Ha 12 CTHX
1 . bchhkh xopa yMHpar, 3amoTO H36npaT %a rpemaT (nejiarnii)
2. TpextT Ha A^aM nopa3H hjijioto TBopeHHe h 3aTOBa bchhkh yMHpaT (ct. 1 8-19, ABrycTHH)
3 . BepoaTHO ce Kacae 3a KOMGHHaniia ot ntpBopo^eH h bojicbh rpax
E. naBjiOBOTO cpaBHeHHe „ci>mo KaKTo", 3anoHHajio b cthx 12, npo^'bJDKaBa ,zio cthx 18. Cthxobc 13-17
(J)opMHpaT HHTepMe^na, TOJiKOBa xapaKTepHa 3a HeroBHTe nncaHHa.
F. CnoMHeTe ch naBjiOBOTO H3Jio>KeHHe Ha eBaHrejraeTO, 1:18-8:39, kocto e ci>mecTBeH apryMeHT. Tpa6Ba
p,a BHflHM uajiOTO, 3a j\& CMe b CBCToaHne p,a pa36epeM oxzjejiHHTe nacTH. .
86
G. MapTHH JlyTep Ka3Ba 3a raaBa 5 : „B uajiara Bh6jihh e^Ba jih HMa Apyra rjiaBa, kohto j\& cbnepHHHH Ha
T03H TpHyM(|)ajieH TeKCT."
H3CJIEABAHE HA ^YMH h <I>PA3H
HHTAT OT EKJirAPCKHfl nPEBOA BEPEH — 5:1-5
H Taxa, KaTO CMe onpaB^aHH npe3 Bapa, HMaMe MHp c Bora ipe3 Haiima TocnoA Hncyc Xpncroc, ipe3
KoroTO HHe nocpe^CTBOM Bapa CMe npnaoGnjiH ,aocTi>n j\o Ta3H 6jiaro,aaT, b kosto ctohm, h ce xBanHM c
Ha^e>K^aTa 3a EoKHaTa cnaBa. H He caMO TOBa, ho ce h XBanHM etc CKi>p6HTe ch, KaTO 3HaeM, ne CKpi>6Ta
nporoBeac^a TBtp^ocT, a TBtp^ociTa - ohhthoct, a onHTHOcrra - Ha^e^K^a, a HaAe^ara He nocpaMa, 3amoTO
EoacnaTa jiio6ob e H3JiaHa b cbpijaTa hh npe3 CBeraa Jfyx, kohto hh e fla^eH.
HHTAT OT AHrjIHHCKHfl nPEBORNASB — 5:1-5
'Therefore, having been justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ,
2 through whom also we have obtained our introduction by faith into this grace in which we stand; and we
exult in hope of the glory of God. 3 And not only this, but we also exult in our tribulations, knowing that
tribulation brings about perseverance; 4 and perseverance, proven character; and proven character, hope;
5 and hope does not disappoint, because the love of God has been poured out within our hearts through the
Holy Spirit who was given to us.
5:1 „3aTOBa" Ta3H ,ayMa lecro o6o3HaiaBa (1) o6o6meHHeTO na 6orocjiOBCKHa apryMenr ,ap MOMenra; (2)
3aKjiK>HeHH5rra, ocHOBaHH Ha TOBa 6orocjiOBCKO H3Jio>KeHHe; h (3) npeflCTaBaHeTO Ha HOBa HcraHa (b>k. 5:1; 8:1;
12:1).
® „CTe 6hjih onpaeflaHH" TjiarojitT e b MHHAJIO nPH^ACTHE, CTPA/JATEJIEH 3AJIor; Bor e onpaB^aji
BapBamHTe. H3pa3i>T e b HaianoTO Ha rpi>HKOTO ropeieHHe (ct. 1-2), 3a j\a. ro noanepTae. OneBH^HO HMa
CbraacyBaHe Ha BpeMeHara b craxoBe 1-11: (1) CTHxoBe 1-5, HacroamH ohhthocth c Gjiaroaaira; (2) craxoBe 6-
8, 3aBT>pineHOTO Xphctobo fle.no 3a Hac; h (3) craxoBe 9-11, HamaTa 6i>,aema Hafle^cfla h cnrypHOCT b
cnaceHHeTO. B^c. njiaHa, B. b Ha6jno,neHHa Btpxy KOHreKCTa.
C3 npoH3xofl Ha TepMHHa „onpaB,aaH" (dikctioo) ce KopeHH b „npaBHa Kpafi" Ha „MepHTejiHaTa TptcTHKa".
rio-KbCHO cbmHaT e H3noji3BaH KaTO MeTa(})opa 3a CaMHH Bor. B>k. CnEL(HAJlHO noiMTHE: nPABE/lHOCT /
IIPAB^AKbMl:17.
Etokhht xapaKTep etc CBaTOcr e eflHHCTBemiaT CTanaapT 3a ocbac^emie (b>k. CemyarHHra b JleB. 24:22; h
6orocjiOBCKH b MaT. 5:48). EjiaroaapeHHe Ha ^KepTBeHara, 3aMecTHHnecKa cm^pt Ha Hcyc, BapBanjHTe HMaT
3aK0HH0 npaBO p,a 3acTaHaT npe^ (b>k. 6eji. kt>m 5:2). ToBa He 03HanaBa, ne BapBamnaT HaMa BHHa, a no-CKopo,
ne e nojiynnji aMHHCTHa. Hhkoh jxpyv e njiaTHji 3a Haica3aHHeT0 My (b>k. II Kop. 5:21). BapBanjHTe ca o6aBeHH 3a
npocTeHH (b>k. ct. 9,10).
H „npe3 Bsipa" BapaTa e pi>KaTa, kohto npneMa Eo>KHa noaaptK (b>k. ct. 2; Phmji. 4:1 h cji.). Bapara He e
(JDOKycnpaHa Btpxy CTenenra hjih HHTeH3HTeTa Ha nocBemeHHeTO hjih peinHMOCira Ha BapBamna (b>k. MaT.
17:20), ho Btpxy xapaKTepa h o6emaHHaTa Ha Bora (b>k. E(J)ec 2:8-9). C3 #yMa 3a „Bapa" opHrHHajiHO ce OTHaca
3a HaKOH b CTa6njiHa, CToanja no3HHHa. IIocTeneHHO 3anoiBa ,aa ce H3noji3Ba 3a HaKoro, kohto e jioajieH,
Hafle>KfleH h cnrypeH. BapaTa He e (JDOKycnpaHa Btpxy HainaTa BepHOCT hjih HafleacflHOCT, ho Ha Bora. Bac.
CrrnqHAJiHO noroiTHE: BflPA ki>m 4:5.
H „Hne HMaMe MHp" TyK rptHKHre ptKonncH HMaT HaKOJiKO BapHanra. To3h TJIAroJI hjih e b CErAIIIHO,
/JEilTEJIHO, no^qHHHTEJIHO (echomen) hjih CEEAEIHO .HEflTEJIHO H35IBHTEJIHO (echomen). Ci>maTa rpaMaTHHHa
HeacHOTa HaMHpaMe b craxoBe 1, 2 & 3. .UpeBHHaT rptHicH ptKonnc rorjie^a noflKpena BapHanra c
no^HHHTEJlHHil (b>k. MSS K , A, B , C, D). Ako e TaKa, H3pa3i>T Tpa6Ba ,aa ce npeBe^e „HeKa ,aa nporbjDKHM
87
fla ce paflBaMe Ha mhp" hjih „npo,Ti>jDKaBaHTe p,a ce pa^BaTe Ha Mnp." Ako e b H35IBHTEJIHO ToraBa npeBOTbT me
6i>,zie „Hne HMaMe Mnp." KoHTeKcrbT Ha cthxobc 1-1 1 He e yBemaHHe, a fleKjiapainia H a OHOBa, KoeTO BapBamnre
ca h KoeTO HMaT npe3 XpncToc. 3aTOBa rjiarojn>T BepoaTHO e CErAlllHO /jEilTEJlHO H35IBHTEJIHO, „Hne HMaMe
Mnp." USB oneHaBa to3h BapnaHT c „A" (cnrypeH).
MHoro ot ^peBHHTe rptniai ptKonncn ca b pe3yjrrar ot .unKiyBaHe Ha e^Ha jihhhoct, ^OKaTO hskojiko
nninaT. HecTO hi>th e Hajinne o6i>pKBaHe npn flyMH, kohto HMaT hoao6ho 3ByneHe. B cjiynaa, KOHTeKCTbT,
cthjibt Ha aBTopa h oGnnaHHara jieKCHKa hh noMaraT j\a B3eMeM peineHHe koh e npaBHjiHnaT npeBoa.
m „MHp" B)K. CnEIXHAJIHO nOIMTHE no-flOJiy.
CnEIJHAJIHO IIOHJITHE: MHP
To3H rptnicH TepMHH b opHrHHan 03HanaBa ,„na CbeflHHHin Hemo, KoeTO e cnyneHo" (b>k. HoaH 14:27;
16:33; <I>hji. 4:7). B H3 3a MHpa ce roBopn no Tpn HanHHa:
1 . KaTO o6eKTHBeH acneKT Ha Hamna Mnp c Bora npe3 XpncTOC (b>k. Koji. 1 :20)
2. KaTO cy6eKTHBeH acneKT Ha HanieTO onpaB^aHne npe,n Bora (b>k. HoaH 14:27; 16:33; <J>hji. 4:7)
3. ne Bor e o6eAHHHji b cziho Tajio npe3 XpncTOC KaKTO lo^en, TaKa h c3hhhhl(h (b>k. E(J)ec. 2: 14-
17; Koji. 3:15). Cjie,a KaTO Be^H'b^K CMe nojiynnjin Mnp c Bora, Tpa6Ba p,a ce CTpeMHM h kt>m
Mnp c flpyrnre! BepTHKajitT Tpa6Ba p,a CTaHe xopH30HTaji.
HiOMaH h Hn^a npe^jiaraT p,o6t>]) KOMeHTap Btpxy „MHpa".
„JfyMa.Ta „MHp" HMa niHpoKO 3HaneHHe KaKTO b Orapna 3aBeT, TaKa h b Hobhs 3aBeT. B ochobhh
jihhhh onncBa o6moTO 6jiarocbCToaHHe Ha noBeniKna ^khbot; MOK^y eBpenre e BTj3npHeT h KaTO
(J)opMyjia 3a no3ApaB. To3h TepMHH HMa TOJiKOBa ci>mecTBeHO 3HaneHne, ne eBpenre ro H3noji3BaT, 3a
p,a onnniar cnaceHneTO npe3 MecnaTa. nopa^n TOBa, toh e H3noji3BaH noiTH KaTO chhohhm c flpyr
e^HH TepMHH, 03HanaBam „^a Gt^eni b npaBHjma Bpi>3Ka c Bora." TyK d>mecTBHTejiHOTO rome^a
onncBa xapMOHHHHara Bpi>3Ka, ycraHOBeHa MOK^y HOBeKa n Bora Ha ocHOBara Ha BMeHeHaTa npaB^a"
(Newman and Nida, A Translator 's Handbook on Paul 's Letter to the Romans, CTp. 92).
m „c Bora npe3 Hauinsi Tocnofl Hcyc XpncTOc" Hcyc e nocpe^HHKbT, kohto ocnrypaBa Mnpa c Bora (b»c. HoaH
10:7-8; 14:6; fleaHna 4: 12; I Thm. 2:5). Othocho TepMHHHTe 3a hmcto Hcyc XpncTOC, b>k. 6eji. kt>m 1:4.
5:2 „Hne ciwe npHfloSmiH HauieTO BtBea^aHe" ToBa e nEPOEKTHO /JEilTEJIHO H3iIBHTEJIHO; roBopn 3a
MHHano fleHCTBne, KoeTO e 3aBi>piiieHO h HMa nocjieABan pe3yjiTaT. flyMara „B-bBe>K£aHe" 6yKBanHO 03HanaBa
„AOCTbn" hjih „npHeMaHe" (prosagoge, b>k. E(})ec. 2:18; 3:12). 3anonBa p,a ce H3noji3Ba MeTa(J)opHHHO 3a napcKn
oco6n hjih (1) fla 6i>,zieiii jihhho npe^CTaBeH Ha napa hjih (2) p,a npncTHmeni 6e3onacHO b npncTaHnme.
Ta3H 4>pa3a HMa hjikojiko BapnaHTa b rptnicHTe ptKonncn. HaKon ^peBHH ptKonncn ^o6aB3T „npe3 Bapa"
(Bac. X , C, KaKTO h hjikoh ^peBHH jiaTHHCKH, ByjiraTa, chthhckh n KonTCKH npeBO,zni). .Hpyrn pi>KOnHCH
Ao6aB3T nPE/yior ki>m H3pa3a „npe3 Bapa",, (b^k. X , A, h HaKon jiarnHCKH Bepcnn). 06ane b yHniiajiHHTe
ptKonncH B, D, F, G nspastT ronaJio jinncBa. Hsrjioic^a nncapnTe npocTO 3anbjiBar napajiejin3Ma Ha 5: 1 n 4: 16
(,aBa ni>TH), 19, h 20. npn naBeji TeMaTa „npe3 Bapa" ce noBTapa MHoroKpaTHo!
11 „b HeroeaTa 6jiaroaaT" CtmecTBHrejiHOTO „6jiaroAaT" (charts) onncBa Bo>KHaTa He3acjiy>KeHa, He3aBHCHMa
jho6ob (Bac. E(J)ec. 2:4-9). Ta e oneBn^Ha b XpncTOBaTa cmi>pt 3a CMeroa Ha rpenmoTO HOBenecTBO (b>k. ct. 8).
a „b kohto Hne ctohm" Onje e^HH rjiaroji b nEPOEKTHO ^EilTEJIHO H3iIBHTEJIHO; 6yKBajmo „Hne ctohm h
npoAi>Ji>KaBaMe ^a ctohm". Toh OTpa3aBa 6orocjiOBCKaTa no3nii;Ha Ha BapBamnre b XpncTOC h TaxHOTO
nocBemeHHe ^a ocTaHaT Bi)B Bapara, KoaTO KOMGnHnpa 6orocjiOBCKna napaAOKC Ha Boacna cyBepeHHTeT (bjk. I
Kop. 15: 1) n HOBeimcara CBoGo^Ha Bona (b>k. E(J)ec. 6: 1 1, 13,14).
88
| CnEUHAJiHO iiohjithe: CTOfl (HISTEMI)
1
To3h 06m TepMHH e H3noji3BaH b HaKOJiKO 6orocjiOBCKH CMHCbjia b Hobhh 3aBeT
1.
A,a ycTaHOBH
a. C3 3aKOH, Phmji. 3:31
b. Henna co6cTBeHa npaB^a, Phmji. 10:3
c. HOBHa 3aBeT, EBp. 10:9
d. o6BHHeHHe, II Kop. 13:1
e. Bo>KHaTa HCTHHa, II Thm. 2:19
2.
A,a ce Bi>3npoTHBa ^yxoBHO
a. Ha ^aBOJia, E(})ec. 6:11
b. ,H,eHa Ha ocKac^eHHeTO, Oricp. 6:17
->
5.
A,a ce cbnpoTHBa icaTO OTCToaBaM no3HuiiaTa ch
a. Boemia MeTac[)opa, E(J)ec. 6:14
b. UHBHjiHa MeTa(})opa, Phmji. 14:4
4.
no3Hi(Ha b HCTHHara, John 8:44
5.
no3Hi(Ha b GjiaroflaiTa
a. Phmji. 5:2
b. IKop. 15:1
c. ineT. 5:12
6.
no3Hi(Ha bi>b BapaTa
a. Phmji. 11:20
b. IKop. 7:37
c. IKop. 15:1
d. IIKop. 1:24
7.
no3HHHa Ha aporaHTHOCT, I Kop. 10: 12
To3h TepMHH H3pa3aBa KaKTO 3aBeTHaTa 6jiaro,aaT h mhjioct Ha cyBepeHHHa Bor, TaKa h (})aKTa, ie
BapBamHTe Tpa6Ba j\a OTKjiHKHaT Ha Hea npe3 Bapa! H ^BeTe hcthhh ca GhGjichckh. Tpa6Ba j\a BapBaMe h
b ^BeTe !
H „Hne ce paflBaivie" Ta3H rpaMaranHa (JiopMa Moace ,aa 6i>,ae pa36npaHa KaTO (1) CErAlllHO CPE/po
(oTjiaraTejiHo) H3iIBHTEJIHO, „HHe jraicyBaMe" hjih (2) CErAEIHO CPE/po (oTjiaraTejiHo) no/PTOHHTEJIHO, „HeKa
A,a jiHKyBaMe." YneHHTe He ca e,nHHO,ayiiiHH othocho npaBHjiHHa BapnaHT. Ako npneMeM, ne rjiarojibT „HMaMe"
b cthx le b H3.SBHTEJIHO, ToraBa npeBanivr ipa6Ba ,aa 6i>,ae CbOTBeTeH h b cthx 3.
KopenbT Ha raarojia „jiHKyBaM" e „xBajieHe" (NRSV, JB). B>k. CnEIJHAJIHO nOHSTHE ki>m 2:17. BapBauiHTe
He ce xBanaT etc ce6e ch (b>k. 3:27), ho c OHOBa, KoeTO TocnoA e HanpaBHji 3a Tax (b>k. EpeM. 9:23-24). GbiiniaT
rptuicH KopeH e noBTopeH b CTHxoBe 3 h 1 1 .
m „c Ha^ea^a" IlaBeji necTO H3noji3Ba to3h TepMHH b HaKOJiKO pa3JiHHHH, ho CBi>p3aHH cjiynan. B>k. 6eji. ici>m
4:18. HecTO ce acouHHpa c icpaa Ha xpncTHaHCKaTa Bapa. HspastT MO>Ke ,aa 6i>,ae h cjiaBa, BeieH >khbot,
OKOHnaTejiHO cnaceHne, BTopo H^BaHe h np. KpaaT e cnrypeH, ho BpeMeBHaT ejieMeHT e HeH3BecreH h ce
HaMnpa b 6i>,aenieTO. HspastT necTO ce CBi>p3Ba c ^yMHTe „Bapa" h „jiio6ob" (b>k. I Kop. 13:13; Taji. 5:5-6;
E(J)ec. 4:2-5; I Coji. 1:3; 5:8). Gie^nm Hem>jieH cnncbK c Haicon ot H3pa3HTe, ynoTpe6eHH ot IlaBeji.
1. Btopoto H^BaHe, Tan. 5:5; E(J)ec. 1:18; Tht2:13
2. Hcyc e HamaTa Ha^e^a, I Thm 1:1
3. BapBamnaT fla 6i>,ae npe^CTaBeH npe^ Bora , Kan. 1:22-23; I Coji. 2: 19
4. Ha^e^K^a, nojio>KeHa b He6eTO, Koji. 1:5
5. OKOHnaTejiHO cnaceHne, I Coji. 4: 13
6. CnaBara Ha Bora, Phmji. 5:2; II Kop. 3:12; Koji. 1:27
89
7. CnrypHOCT b cnaceHHeTO, I Coji. 5:8-9
8. BeneH >khbot, Tht 1:2; 3:7
9. Pe3yjiTaTH ot xpHCTHaHdcara 3pejiocT, Phmji. 5 :2-5
10. H3KynjieHHe 3a HajioTO TBopeHHe, Phmji. 8:20-22
1 1 . TnTjia 3a Bora, Phmji. 15:13
12. OcHHOBaBaHeTO 3aBi>pineHO, Phmji. 8:23-25
13. C3 KaTO Hapi>HHHK 3a CTapo3aBeTHH BapBamn, Phmji. 15:4
11 „Eo5khsi cjiaea" Ta3H (})pa3a e C3 h^hom 3a jihhhoto npncbCTBHe Ha Bora. CTaBa ^yMa 3a TOBa, ne b ,H,eHa Ha
Bi>3KpeceHHeTO BapBamnaT me 3acTaHe npe,a Bor c npaB^aTa ipe3 Bapa, ocnrypeHa ot Hcyc (b>k. II Kop. 5:21).
HecTO ce H3noji3Ba h 6orocjiOBCKHaT TepMHH „npocjiaBaHe" (b»c. ct. 9-10; 8:30). BapBamHTe me CTaHar
noAo6HH Ha Hcyc (b>k. I HoaH 3:2; II IleT. 1:4). Bjk. CnEHHAHHO noHilTHE: CJIABA 3:23.
5:3
NASB „h He caivio Toea, ho"
NKJV „h He caivio onoea, ho"
NRSV „h He caivio Toea, ho"
TEV [nuncea]
NJB „He caivio ne"
IlaBeji H3noji3Ba Ta3H KOMGmiaHHa ot TepMHHH HaKOJiKO m>TH (b>k. 5:3,11; 8:23; 9: 10, h II Kop. 8: 19).
H
NASB „ocbch Toea ce paaeaivie b HauiHTe H3nHTaHHsi"
NKJV „HHe d>mp ce npocjiaesuvie b H3nHTaHHsiTa"
NRSV „HHe cbiho ce xeajiHM b crpaaaHHsiTa ch"
Ako CBeTbT Mpa3H Hcyc, toh me Mpa3H h HeroBHTe nocjieflOBarejiH (b>k. MaT. 10:22; 24:9; HoaH 15:18-21).
no HOBeniKH Ka3aHO, Hcyc 6e ycbBtpmeHCTBaH npe3 CTpanamiaTa (b»c. EBp. 5:8). CTpa^aHHeTO npe,aH3BHKBa
npaBe^HOCT, KoeTO e njianbT Ha Bora 3a BceKH BapBam (b>k. 8: 17-19; Jlpsmmi 14:22; ^Ikob 1:2-4; I neT. 4: 12-19).
H „3HaeHKH" ToBa e nEPOEKTHO nPH^CTHE Ha oida. nEPOEKTHO e no (J)opMa, ho <|)yHKHHOHHpa b ceraniHO
BpeMe. Oci>3HaBaHeTO Ha eBaHrejiCKHTe hcthhh Bcpe,a CTpa^aHHeTO noMara Ha BapBamnre ^a >KHBeaT c Bapa h
yBepeHOCT, kohto He ce ocHOBaBaT Ha o6cToaTejiCTBara, flopn h no BpeMe Ha npecjie^BaHe (bjk. (Dhji. 4:4; I Coji.
5:16,18).
5:3 „H3nHTaHHe" B>k. CnEqHAJlHO noHilTHE no -flOJiy.
| CnEljHAJlHO noHHTHE: nPEME^KUHfl / CKBPEH
Tpa6Ba ^a HMa 6orocjiOBCKO pa3rpaHHHeHHe MOK^y naBjiOBaTa ynoTpe6a Ha to3h TepMHH {thlipsis) h
ynoTpe6aTa Ha HoaH:
I. naBjiOBara ynoTpe6a (noBjinaHa ot Hcyc)
A. npo6jieMH, CTpa^aHHa, 3jio b naflHajina CBaT
1. MaT. 13:21
2. Phmji. 5:3
3. I Kop. 7:28
4. II Kop. 7:4
5. E<J>ec. 3:13
B. npo6jieMH, CTpa^aHHa, 3jio, npHHHHeHH ot BapBamnTe
1. Phmji. 5:3; 8:35; 12:12
90
2. II Kop. 1:4,8; 6:4; 7:4; 8:2,13
3. E(]Dec. 3:13
4. <J>hji. 4:14
5. I Coji. 1:6
6. II Coji. 1:4
C. npo6jieMH, CTpa^aHHa, 3jio b nocneflHOTO BpeMe
1. Mar. 24:21,29
2. MapK 13:19,24
3. II Coji. 1:6-9
II. YnoTpe6a npn HoaH
A. HoaH npaBH scho pa3ipaHHHeHHe MOK^y thlipsis h orge hjih thumos (rHHB) b OricpoBeHHe.
Thlipsis e OHOBa, kocto HeBapBamHre npaBaT Ha BapBamHre, orge e OHOBa, kocto Bor npaBH c
HeBapBamHTe
1. thlipsis - Otkp. 1:9; 2:9-10,22; 7:14
2. orge -Otkp. 6:16-17; 11:18; 16:19; 19:15
3. thumos -Otkp. 12:12; 14:8,10,19; 15:2,7; 16:1; 18:3
B. HoaH H3noji3Ba TepMHHa h b cbocto eBaHrejrae, 3a j\a. noKasce npo6jieMHTe, kohto BapBamHre
cpemar bi>b BcaKa enoxa - HoaH 16:33.
5:3,4 „ycTOHBaHe" ToBa noHarae 03HanaBa „flo6poBOJiHo", „fleHHo", „TBi>pflo", „noHacaHe". To ce oraaca KbM
TOBa, %& 6i>Aein TbpnejiHB KaKTO c xopa, TaKa h npn pa3HH o6cTC>aTejiCTBa. B^c. CnEI[HAJIHO IIOHilTHE KbM 8:25.
5:4
NASB „oflo6peH xapaKTep"
NKJV, NRSV „xapaK T ep"
TEV „Bo5KHe oflo6peHHe"
NJB „H3imTaH xapaKTep"
B CenTyarHHTa, b Bht. 23: 16; III Hape. 10:18; I JleT. 28: 18 to3h TepMHH e H3noji3BaH 3a TecTBaHe Ha MeTann
c ueji thxhoto OHHCTBaHe (b>k. II Kop. 2:9; 8:2; 9:13; 13:3; cDhji. 2:22; II Thm. 2:15; .Skob 1:12). Eo^khhtc
H3nHTaHHa BHHarn uejiaT yTBtp^aBaHe (b>k. EBp. 12:10-11)! B>k. CnEI(HAJIHO noiMTHE: rPBIJKH
nOHflTHfl 3 A „H3nHTAHHE" H TEXHHTE KOHOTAIJHH kbm 2: 18.
5:5 „Eo5KHsiTa jik)6ob e H3jisiHa b HauiHTe ctpua" H3pa3i>T e b iiepoektho, ctpa/jatejieh, H3iiBHTEJiHO;
6yKBajiHO, „Bo5KH3Ta jiio6ob e 6njia rojiaTa h npo^'bji^KaBa ^a ce H3JiHBa." To3h TJlAroJl leero ce H3noji3Ba 3a
CBeraa Jfyx (b>k. fleaHHa 2: 17,18,33; 10:45 h Tht 3:6), kocto BepoaTHO OTpa3aBa Hohji 2:28-29.
<J>pa3ara b tehhthb „jno6oBTa Ha Bora" rpaMaTHHHO mtokc ^a ce oraaca ao (1) HainaTa jiio6ob ki>m Bora;
hjih (2) EoaciiaTa jiio6ob ki>m Hac (b>k. II Kop. 5:14). C orjie,a Ha KonreKCTa, BTopnaT BapnaHT e Haii-BepoaTeH.
® „Cbcthsit ,3,yx, KOHTO hh 6e flafleH" H3pa3I>T e B CBEPEIEHO BPEME, CTPA/JATEJIHO IIPIPIACTHE.
CTPA/iATEJlHHilT 3AJlor necTO ce H3noji3Ba, 3a fla ce H3Ti>KHe Bo>KHeTO nocpeflHHHecTBO. ToBa noACKa3Ba, ne
BapBamHTe ca nojiynnjiH Jfyxa Bej^wb^K 3aBHHarn. Te hjih HMaT Jfyxa, hjih He ca xphcthhhh (b>k. 8:9). .ZJaBaHeTO
Ha flyxa 6eine 6ejier 3aHoBaTa epa(B>K. Hohji 2:28-29), Hobhji 3aBeT (b^k. EpeM. 31:31-34; E3eK. 36:22-32).
® 3a6ejie>KeTe npncbCTBHeTO Ha TpHTe jihhhocth ot TponuaTa b to3h naparpacf).
1. Bor, CTHxoBe 1,2,5,8,10
2. Hcyc, CTHxoBe 1,6,8,9,10
3 . Ayx^ CT - ^
B^c. CnEqHAJiHO noroiTHE: TPOHUATA kbm 8:11.
91
HHTAT OT EKJirAPCKHfl UPEBOJl BEPEH — 5:6-11
IloHOKe, KoraTO HHe 6axMe onje HeMomHH, Ha onpeflejieHOTO BpeMe Xpncroc yMpa 3a 6e36o>KHHTe.
3amoTO e^Ba jih hhkoh me yMpe p,awie 3a npaBeneH hobck; Maicap ne MO>Ke 6h hhkoh 6h ^ptsHan p,a yvipe 3a
Ao6pna. Ho Eor ^OKa3a CBoaTa jik>6ob kt>m Hac b TOBa, ne KoraTO 6axMe onje rpeniHHHH, XpncTOC yMpa 3a Hac.
3aTOBa MHoro noBene cera, KaTO CMe onpaB^aHH npe3 HeroBara icptB, me ce cnacHM ot rHHB npe3 Hero.
3amoTO, axo 6axMe npHMHpeHH c Bora npe3 CMtprra Ha HeroBHa Chh, Koraro 6axMe HenpnaTejiH, kojiko
noBene cera, KaTO CMe npHMHpeHH, me ce H36aBHM npe3 HeroBHa >khbot! H He caMO TOBa, ho ce h xBanHM b
Bora npe3 Hainna rocnoa Hncyc XpncTOC, npe3 KoroTO nojiyraxMe cera TOBa npHMHpeHHe.
HHTAT OT AHrjIHHCKHfl nPEBOA NASB — 5:6-11
6 For while we were still helpless, at the right time Christ died for the ungodly. 7 For one will hardly die
for a righteous man; though perhaps for the good man someone would dare even to die. 8 But God
demonstrates His own love toward us, in that while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us. 9 Much more
then, having now been justified by His blood, we shall be saved from the wrath of God through Him. 10 For
if while we were enemies we were reconciled to God through the death of His Son, much more, having been
reconciled, we shall be saved by His life. u And not only this, but we also exult in God through our Lord
Jesus Christ, through whom we have now received the reconciliation.
5:6
NASB „flOKaTO 6sixMe ome 6e3noMomHH"
NKJV „KoraTO 6sixMe ome 6e3 cnjia"
NRSV „aoKaTO 6sixMe ome cjia6H"
TEV „KoraTO 6sixMe ome 6e3noMomHH"
NJB „KoraTO 6sixMe see ome 6e3noMomHH"
rJlATOJTLT e CErAlllHO nPH I lACTHE. OnncBa naoHajiara npnpozia Ha A^aM. XopaTa ca 6e3CHjiHH cpemy
rpexa. MecTOHMeHHeTO „HHe" oGaciraBa h onncBa CLmECTBHTEJIHOTO b cthx 6b „rpeniHH," cthx 8
„rpeinHHi(H," b cthx 10 „BparoBe." CTHxoBe 6 h 8 ca napanejiHH b 6orocjiOBCKO h CTpyicrypHO OTHOineHHe.
NASB, NRSV „b npaBHjiHOTO BpeMe"
NKJV „Ha HafljieacHOTO BpeMe"
TEV „bi>b BpeivieTO, kocto Eor H36pa"
JB „b onpeaejieHHsi ot Hero momcht"
HcTopHnecKH TOBa MO^ce ,aa Kacae (1) Phmckhji mhp, ocHiypaBam cbo6o^ho ntTyBaHe; (2) rpi>HKHa e3HK,
no3BOJiaBam 6e3npo6jieMHO o6myBaHe; h (3) ocTaBjmeTO Ha rptHKHre h pnMCKHTe 6oroBe, flOBejio j\o e^HH
onaKBam, nyxoBHO rjia^eH cbjit (b>k. MapK 1:15; Taji. 4:4; E(|)ec. 1:10; Tht 1:3). B 6orocjiOBCKH cmhcbji
Bi>njn>meHHeTO e njiaHHpaHO 6oacecTBeHO ci>6HTHe (b^k. Jlyica 22:22; Jlpsmwi 2:23; 3:18; 4:28; E(J)ec. 1:11).
5:6,8,10 „yivipsi 3a He6jiaroHecTHBHTe" rjiarojn>T e b cbepiiieho bpeme, /iestejieh 3AJior, H3iffiHTEJiHO
HAKJIOHEHHE h pasrjie^K^a HcycoBHH ^khbot h cmt>pt KaTO e^no Cb6irrae. „Hcyc njiaTH p,t>jit, kohto He
,ri>jDKeiiie, a HHe ,ti>jdkhm fltjir, kohto He me njiaraM" (b>k. Tan. 3: 13; I HoaH 4: 10).
CMtpira Ha XpncTOC e noBTapama ce TeMa b naBjiOBHre nncaHHa. Ton H3noji3Ba hjikojiko TepMHHa h
(})pa3H, 3a p,a onnine 3aMecrHHHecKara cmt>pt Ha Hcyc:
1. „kpt>b"(bhc. 3:25;5:9;IKop. 11:25,27; E^ec. 1:7; 2:13; Koji. 1:20)
2. „npe,ziazie Ce6e ch" (b>k. E(J)ec. 5:2,25)
3. „wpeASiAQw ,, (b>k. Phmji. 4:25; 8:32)
4. „>KepTBa" (b^k. I Kop. 5:7)
5. „yMpa" (bjk. Phmji. 5:6; 8:34; 14:9,15; I Kop. 8:11; 15:3; II Kop. 5:15; Tan. 5:21; I Con. 4:14; 5:10)
6. „kpt,ct" (bjk. I Kop. 1:17-18; Tsui. 5:11; 6:12-14; E<J>ec 2:16;<Dhji. 2:8; Koji. 1:20; 2:14)
7. „pa3HHTHe" (b>k. I Kop. 1:23; 2:2; II Kop. 13:4; Tan. 3:1)
92
flajiH nPE/yior'LT huper b to3h kohtckct 03HanaBa:
1 . npeACTaBaHe „b noji3a Ha Hac"
2. 3aMecTBaHe, „Ha Haine Macro"
06hkhobcho ochobhoto 3HaneHHe Ha huper c TEHHTHB e „b noji3a Ha". Ton H3pa3aBa HaKaKBO npe^HMCTBO,
nojiaramo ce Ha xopa (Louw and Nida, The New International dictionary of New Testament Theology, vol. 3, CTp.
1196). 06ane huper Mo^ce ^a 03HanaBa h anti, KoeTO ce npeBe^a „Ha mhctoto Ha", 3aTOBa 6orocjiOBCKH ce
oraaca 3a AoGpoBOjraa 3aMecTHHnecKa >KepTBa (b^k. MapK 10:45; HoaH 11:50; 18:14; II Kop. 5:14; I Thm. 2:6).
M. J. Harris (NIDOTTE, vol. 3, CTp. 1197) ica3Ba, „3amo IlaBeji HHKora He Ka3Ba, ne Hcyc yMpa anti hemon (I
Thm. 2:6 e HaH-6jiH3KHaT BapnaHT - antilutron huper pantori)! BepoaTHO 3amoTO npcunorbT huper, 3a pa3JiHKa
ot anti, MO>Ke e^HOBpeMeHHO ,na 03HanaBa npcucTaBJiHe h 3aMecTBaHe".
M. P. Bhhcbht Ka3Ba:
„MHoro e cnopHO p,asm huper, „b noji3a Ha", H3o6mo e eKBHBaneHT Ha anti, „BMecTo".
KjiacHnecKHTe aBTopn ^aBaT npHMepn, kohto roBopaT 3a pe^yBaHe Ha CMHCbJia... 3HaneHHeTO Ha to3h
nacaac o6ane e TOJiKOBa HeacHO, ne He Mo^ce p,a Gt^e HHTHpaHO icaTO flOKa3aTejiCTBO. npe,njion>T Mo^ce
^a HMa jiOKajiHO 3HaneHHe, e no.n3a ua MtpTBHre. Hhkoh ot Te3H nacaacn He MO^ce j\a Gt^e onpe^ejiam.
HaH-cnrypHOTO e, ne huper rpaHHHH no cmhct>ji c anti. BAiecmo ce H3noji3Ba rjiaBHO no ^orMaTHHHH
npnnHHH. B noBeneTO nacaacn CMHCbjrbT oneBH^HO e 3apadu, e no.n3a ua. Hcthhckoto o6acHeHHe
H3rjie>Kfla e, ne b^b B^npocHHTe nacaacn, oco6eHO Te3H, OTHacamn ce j\o XpneTOBara CMtpT, Tan. 3:13;
Phmji. 14:15; I IleT. 3:18, huper e b pojiaTa ch Ha o6m npe^jior - XpncTOC yMpa b noji3a Ha - ocraBaHKH
Ha flpyrn nacaacn ^a noacHaT tohhoto 3HaneHne Ha „b noji3a Ha". 3HaneHHeTO eAiecmo... MO>Ke 6h e
BepoaTHO, ho caMO no ,zie,zryKnHa" (M. R. Vincent, Word Studies, vol. 2, p. 692).
5:7 To3H cthx noKa3Ba HOBeniKa jiio6ob, ^OKaro cthx 8 roBopn 3a Eo>KHaTa jho6ob!
si
NASB, NKJV, TEV „sa npaeeaeH hobck"
NRSV „3a npaeeflHa jihhhoct"
JB „3a ao6i>p hobck"
To3H TepMHH e H3noji3BaH b d>mna CMHCbJi, KaKTO 3a Hon h Hob, kohto 6axa HapeneHH npaBe^HH h
HenopoHHH. Te cb6jiio,naBaxa pejiHrH03HHTe H3HCKBaHHa 3a CBoeTO BpeMe. ToBa He 03HanaBa 6e3rpeniHOCT. Bac.
CrrnqHAJiHO itoimthe kt>m 1:17.
5:8 „Eor noKa3ea CeosiTa jik)6ob" EjiarojibT e b CErAEIHO, /JEilTEJIHO H3.SBHTEJIHO (b>k. 3:5). Oren ronparn
CnHa (Bac. 8:3,32; II Kop. 5:19). Eo>KHaTa jiio6ob He e caHTHMeHrajiHa, ho flefiHa (b>k. HoaH 3: 16; I HoaH 4: 10) u
nocmoHHua.
5:9 „MHoro noBene" ToBa e e^HH ot jno6HMHTe H3pa3H Ha naBen (b>k. ct. 10,15,17). Ako Eor o6nna
rpeniHHi(HTe ome KoraTO ca 6hjih rpeniHHnH, kojiko noBene me rn o6nna cera, KoraTO ca HeroBH ,ziena (b>k.
5:10; 8:22).
® „cera cnea KaTo CTe 6hjih onpaeflaHH" EjiarojibT e b mhhajio cbepeieho, ctpa^atejieh 3AJior,
nPEraACTHE, KoeTO Ha6jiara Ha onpaB^aHneTO KaTO saBtpnieHO fle.no Ha Bora. naBen noBTapa HCTHHara ot cthx
1. OG^pHeTe BHHMaHHe Ha napajiejiH3Ma MOK^y TepMHHHTe „onpaB,naH" (ct. 9) h „npHMHpeH" (ct. 10-1 1).
111 „npe3 HeroeaTa jik)6ob" H3pa3T>T e npenpaTKa kbm >KepTBeHara cmt>pt Ha Xphctoc" (b>k. 3:5; MapK 10:45; II
Kop. 5:21). Ta3H KOHnennna 3a >KepTBara, HeBHHeH »chbot, flaneH Ha MacTOTO Ha bhhobch, hh Bpi>ma kim JleB.
1-7 rji. h BepoaTHO H3x. 12 rji. (nacxajiHOTO arae), h e 6orocjiOBCKH npHjio>KHMO kbm Hcyc b Hcaa 53:4-6.
H3pa3T)T e pa3BHT b xpncTOJiorHHeH CMHCbJi b KHHraTa EBpen. BcbniHOCT b EBpen e Hannne cpaBHeHne Meayry
CTapna h HoBHa 3aBeT no peflnna TeMH.
93
la „HHe me 6tfleM cnaceHn" rjiarOJTbT e b EE/lEirfE BPEME, CTPATJATEJIEH 3AJIOE, H3iIBHTEJIHO HAKJIOHEHHE
(b>k. ct. 10). OraBa ,nyMa 3a HaineTO OKOHHarejmo cnaceHHe, HapeHeHo"npocjiaBaHe" (b)k. ct. 2; 8:30, I HoaH
3:2).
H3 onHCBa cnaceHHeTO bt>b bchhkh EJIAEOJTHH BpeMeHa:
1. 3aBT>pmeHO flejio (MHHAJIO CBEPIIIEHO), fleamm 15:11; Phmji. 8:24; II Thm. 1:9; Tht3:5
2. MHHano fleficTBHe c pe3yjiTaT b HacToameTO (eepoektho), E(J)ec. 2:5,8
3. npoAi>Ji>KHTejiHO ^eiicTBHe (CEEAEIHO), I Kop. 1:18; 15:2; II Kop. 2: 15; I Coji. 4:14; I IleT. 3:21
4. oei>mecTBaBaHe b 6i>,ziemeTO (ELJJEirrE), Phmji. 5:9,10; 10:9.
B>k. CnEHHAJTHO nOHilTHE kt>m 10:13. CnaceHHeTO 3anoHBa c eflHOKparao peineHHe, ho nporpecnpa bib
B3aHMOOTHOineHHe, KoeTO e^HH ^eH me ce oci>mecTBH. Ta3H KOHnenniia necTO e onncBaHa c TpnTe 6orocjiOBCKH
TepMHHa: onpaB^aHne, KoeTO 03HanaBa „H36aBeH ot Haica3aHHeTO Ha rpexa"; ocBemeHne, KoeTO 03HanaBa
„H36aBeH ot CHjiaTa Ha rpexa"; h npocnaBaHe - „H36aBeH ot npnci>CTBHeTO Ha rpexa." Tpa6Ba p,a ce
OT6ejie>KH, ne onpaB^aHHeTO h ocBemeHHeTO ca GjiaroflaraH ^ejia Ha Bora, p,ap,emi Ha BapBamna npe3 Bapa b
XpncTOC. Hobh3t 3aBeT o6aie roBopn h 3a ocBemeHHeTO KaTO npo,zi'i>jDKHTejieH nponec Ha xpncTono,zio6HOCT.
Ilo Ta3H npHHHHa 6orocjiOBHTe npaBaT pa3JiHKa Meac^y „no3nnHOHHO ocBemeHne" h „nporpecHBHO ocBemeHne".
ToBa e TanHara Ha He3acjiy5KeHOTO cnaceHHe, CBi>p3aHO c GjiaronecTHBHa >khbot.
H „ot rHeea na Eoza" H3pa3i>T e b ecxaTOJioraneH kohtckct. EnGjinaTa roBopn 3a BejiHKara, He3acjiyaceHa
Boacna jiio6ob, ho e acHa no OTHOineHne Ha Bo^cnaTa HeHaBHCT kt>m rpexa h 6yHTa. Bor e npoMHCJiHji nbT 3a
cnaceHHe h npomemie ipe3 XpncTOC, ho OHe3H, kohto To OTXBi>pjiaT, ca no,a raaB (b>k. 1:18-3:20). <I>pa3aTa e
aHTponoMop(})HHHa, ho H3pa3aBa e^na peanHOCT. Y^cacHO e p,a nona^Heni b ptneTe Ha e^HH raeBeH Bor (EBp.
10:31).
5:10 „aKo" ToBa e ycjiobho HSPEqEHHE ot hepbh BHfl, kocto aBTopi>T npneivia 3a BapHO, 3amoTO o6cjiy>KBa
HeroBHTe jiHTepaTypHH nejin. HoBeiecTBOTO, bt>pxobhoto TBopeHne Ha Bora CTaHa HeroB Bpar! HoBeic (b>k. Bht.
3:5) h CaraHa (b>k. Hcaa 14:14; E3eK. 28:2,12-17) HMaxa cbmna npo6jieM, ^cejiaHne 3a He3aBHCHMOCT, ^cejiaHne
3a KOHTpoji, xenaame p,a 6-bp,aT 6oroBe.
® „Hne 6sixMe npHMHpeHH c Bora... ciwe 6hjih npHMnpeHn" TjiarojiHTe ca b CBEPITTEHO BPEME, CTPA/JATEJTEH
3AJIOE, H3iffiHTEJTHO HAKJIOHEHHE H MHHAJIO CTPA/JATEJIHO nPH^ACTHE. EJIAEOJTET „npHMHpeHH" B
opHrHHan 03HanaBa „p,a pa3MeHHin". Bor e pa3MeHHji Hanina rpax 3a HcycoBara npaB^a (b^k. Hcaa 53:4-6).
MnptT e BT>3CTaHOBeH (b»c. ct. 1)!
H „npe3 CMtpTTa Ha HeroBHsi Chh" EBaHrejineTO Ha npomeHneTO e ocHOBaHO Ha (1) jiio6oBTa Ha Bora; (2)
^ejiOTO Ha XpncTOC; (3) yBemaHneTO Ha Jfyxa, h (4) BapaTa/noKaaHHeTO Ha jiHHHOCTTa. HaMa flpyr HainH 3a
npaBHjiHH OTHOineHHa c Bora (b>k. HoaH 14:6). CnrypHOCTTa b cnaceHHeTO e ocHOBaHa Ha xapaKTepa Ha
TpHeflHHHHa Bor, He Ha HOBeniKH ^ejia! napa^OKCbT e, ne HOBeniKHTe .nejia cjie^ cnaceHHeTO ca flOKasarejiCTBO
3a He3acjiy)KeHOTO cnaceHHe (b>k. ^Ikob h I HoaH).
11 „Hne me 6i>fleM cnaceHn" H3 roBopn 3a cnaceHHeTO icaro MHHajio, ceraniHO h 6i>,zieme. TyK 6i>,ziemeTO ce
OTHaca ^o HaineTO OKOHHarejiHO, hi>jiho cnaceHHe npn Btopoto n^BaHe. Bac. 6eji. ki>m cthx 9 h CnEHHAJTHO
noroiTHE ki>m 10:13.
H „npe3 HeroBHH hchbot" rptnicHaT TepMHH 3a »chbot e zoct. To3n TepMHH b HoaHOBHTe nncaHna BHHarn ce
OTHaca j\o Bi>3KpeceHCKHa >khbot, BeHHHa jkhbot hjih >KHBOTa Ha napcTBOTO. naBeji ci>mo ro H3noji3Ba b to3h
6orocjiOBCKH cMHCbn. Henrbp'bT Ha to3h nacaac e, ne cjie^ KaTO Bor e njiaTnji TaicaBa BHCoica neHa 3a
nponjeHHeTO Ha BapBamnre, Toil etc cnrypHOCT me ce norpiracH 3a HeroBaTa e<J)eKTHBHOCT.
„}Khbot" ce OTHaca 6hjio p,o (1) HcycoBOTO Bi>3KpeceHHe (b>k. 8:34; I Kop. 15); (2) nocpeflHHHecicoTO ^ejio
Ha Hcyc (b^k. 8:34; EBp. 7:25; I HoaH 2:1); hjih (3) Jfyxa, H3o6pa3aBanj XpncTOC bi>b Hac (b>k. Phmji. 8:29; Tan.
94
4:19). IlaBeji noanepTaBa, ne 3eMHHaT »chbot h CMtprra Ha Hcyc, rcarcro h HeroBHaT BT^HeceHCKH >khbot, ca b
ocHOBaTa Ha HaineTO npHMHpeHHe.
5:11 „h He caivio Toea" Bac. 6eji. io>m cthx 3.
® „Hne ci>mo ce paflBaivie" Bkk 6eji. kt>m 5:2. ToBa e TpeTaTa ynoTpe6a Ha „paflBaM ce" (xBajia) b to3h
KOHTCKCT.
1 . paflBaMe ce b Hafle^Kflara Ha cjiaBaTa, cthx 2
2. paflBaMe ce b ronHraHHeTO, cthx 3
3 . pa^Baivie ce b npHMHpeHHeTO, cthx 1 1
HeraTHBHa xBan6a e HajiHue b 2: 17 h 23 !
h „HHe He CMe nojiynnjiH npHMHpeHHeTO" ToBa e MHHAJIO CBEPIIIEHO, .HEHTEJIHO, H35IBHTEJIHO, 3aB-bpineHO
Ae.no. npHMHpeHHeTO HaBapBamHre e AHCicyTHpaHO h b cthx 10 h II Kop. 5:18-21; E(J)ec. 2:16-22; Koji. 1:19-23.
B to3h KOHTeKCT „npHMHpeHHeTo" e chhohhm Ha „onpaBflaHHeTo".
UHTAT OT EKJirAPCKHfl UmBOR BEPEH — 5:12-14
i:
3aTOBa, KaKTO npe3 e^HH HOBeK rpexbT Bjie3e b CBeTa h npe3 rpexa - civrbpira, h Taica CMtpira npeMHHa
13
BIB BCHHKHTe xopa, noHeace bchhkh cbrpeinnxa; " 3amoTO rpexbT 6eine b CBeTa h npe^H 3aKOHa, ho KoraTO
HaMa 3aKOH, rpax He ce CHHra; B^npeicH TOBa CMtpira uapyBa ot AflaM p,o MoficeH flopn Ha,a OHe3H, kohto He
6axa cbrpeniHjiH cnope,a npecrbnjieHHeTO Ha AflaM, kohto e o6pa3 Ha Btflemna.
UHTAT OT AHrjIHHCKHfl nPEBORNASB — 5:12-14
12 Therefore, just as through one man sin entered into the world, and death through sin, and so death
spread to all men, because all sinned — 13 for until the Law sin was in the world, but sin is not imputed when
there is no law. ^Nevertheless death reigned from Adam until Moses, even over those who had not sinned
in the likeness of the offense of Adam, who is a type of Him who was to come.
5:12 „3aTOBa" B Phmjmhh Ha hjikojiko crparerHHecKH Mecra ce noaBaBa „3aroBa" (b)k. 5:1; 8:1; 12:1).
B^npocbT e flo KaKBO ce oraacaT Ta3H ,zryMa. Moace 6h icacae naBjiOBHa apryMeHT KaTO uano. Gbc cnrypHOCT,
TyK flyMara ce oraaca ^o Bhthc h 3aroBa, BepoaTHO HMa BpT>3Ka c Phmji. 1: 18-32.
® „KaKTO npe3 eflHH HoeeK rpextT Bjie3e b CBeTa" H TpnTe raarojia b cthx 12 ca b mhhajio cbepiiieho
BPEME. IlaaeHHeTO Ha A^aM ^OHece cmt>pt (b^k. I Kop. 15:22). BnGjinaTa He roBopn 3a nporoxofla Ha rpexa.
TpextT e HajiHije h b aHrejiCKaTa c(J)epa (b>k. Bht. 3 ni. h Otkp. 12:7-9). He e acHO KaK h Kora (b>k. Hcaa 14: 12-
27;EseK. 28: 12-19; Hob 4:18; MaT. 25:41; JIy K a 10:18; HoaH 12:31; Otkp. 12:7-9).
TpextT Ha AflaM BKjiiOHBa flBa acneKTa (1) HenocjiyinaHHe Ha KOHKpeTHa 3anoBe,a (b>k. Bht. 2:16-17), h (2)
ce6nHHa ropflOCT (b>k. Bht. 3:5-6). HspastT npozrbJDicaBa ani03HaTa kim Bht. 3 rji., 3anoHHajia b Phmji. 1: 18-32.
ToBa e 6orocjiOBHeTO 3a rpexa, KoeTO acHO pa3rpaHHHaBa naBen ot paBHHCicaTa mhcbji. HMeHHO
6orocjiOBHeTO 3a rpexa pa3rpaHHHaBa naBjioBOTO cxBanjaHe ot TOBa Ha paBHHHTe. PaBHHHTe He ce (JDOKycnpar
Btpxy Bht. 3; bmccto TOBa Te nozrqepTaBar, ne bt^b bcckh HOBeK HMa flBe „HaKjiOHHOCTH" (yetzers). H3BecTHaTa
paBHHCKa noroBopKa „Bi>b BcaKO HOBeniico Cbpue HMa e^HO nepHO h e^HO 6ajio Kyne. Han-rojiaMO CTaBa OHOBa,
KoeTO e xpaHeHO HaH-necTO." naBen BroK^a rpexa ica™ ocHOBHa 6apnepa Meacfly CBeraa Bor h HeroBOTO
TBopeHne. naBeji He e CHcreMarHHeH 6orocjiOB (b>k. James Steward's A Man in Christ). Ton roBopn 3a HaKOJiico
KopeHa Ha rpexa (1) nafleHHeTO Ha A,aaM, (2) H3KyineHHeTO Ha CaTaHa, h (3) npozrbJDKaBamHa HOBeniKH 6yHT.
B 6orocjiOBCKHTe KOHTpacTH h napanejiH Me^y A^aM h Hcyc, ca bt^mtokhh ^Be npHjio>KeHHa.
1 . AflaM e peajiHa HCTopHnecica jihhhoct.
2. Hcyc e peariHa HCTopHHecica (jmrypa.
95
H ^BeTe hcthhh noTB'bpac^aBaT EnGjinaTa b KOHTpacT Ha (JDaniimBHTe yneffiia. OG^pHeTe BHHMaHHe Ha
noBTapamaTa ce ynoTpe6a Ha „e,nHH hobck" hjih „e,nHHHa". Te3H ,nBe ,nyMH, OTHacauiH ce p,o A^aM h Hcyc, ca
H3noji3BaHH e^HHaAeceT hi>th b tc>3h kohtckct
11 „cmi>pt npe3 rpexa" EnGjinaTa pa3KpHBa Tpn eTana Ha CMtpT (1) ^yxoBHa civrbpT (b)k. Bht. 2: 17; 3:1-7; E(J)ec.
2:1); (2) (|)H3HHecKa cmt>pt (b>k. Bht. 5); h (3) BenHa CMtpT (b>k. Otkp. 2:11; 20:6,14; 21:8). B to3h nacaac ce
roBopn 3a ^yxoBHaTa cmi>pt Ha A,naM (b^k. Bht. 3:14-19), kojito ,apBe,zie ,ap <|)H3HHecKaTa cmt>pt Ha HOBeuiKara
paca (b>k. Bhthc 5 rji.).
11 „CMi>pTTa ce pa3npocTpsi ki>m bchhkh HOBeuH" Ochobhh3t momcht b to3h naparpacj) e yHHBepcajiHOCTTa Ha
rpexa (Bac. ct. 16-19; I Kop. 15:22; Tan. 1:10) h CMtpira.
H „bchhkh cfarpeuiHxa" Bchhkh xopa ca rpeniHH 3ae,nHO c A,aaM (t.c, HacneflaBar rpexoBHOTO cbcroaHHe h
Harjiaca.) riopa^H TOBa BceKH H36npa ,na rpeinn jihhho h nocToamio. EnGjraaTa noanepTaBa, ne bchhkh xopa ca
rpeniHHHH, KaKTO 3ae^HO, TaKa h nooT^ejiHO (b^k. Ill Hape. 8:46; II JleT. 6:36; lie. 14:1-2; 130:3; 143:2; lip.
20:9; Ekji. 7:20; Hcaa 9:17; 53:6; Phmji. 3:9-18,23; 5:18; 11:32; Tan. 3:22; IHoaH 1:8-10).
Bi>npeKH TOBa, ot KOHTeKCTa e acHO (b>k. ct. 15-19), ne eflHO ,aejio npe,aH3BHKa CMtpT (A^aivi), a .npyro -
>khbot (Hcyc). 06ane Bor TaKa e ycTponji Bpi>3KaTa ch c HOBeKa, ne HOBeuiKHaT otkjihk e oco6eHO BaaceH,
onpe^ejiam „naaeHHeTo" h „onpaB,naHHeTo". HoBeiiHre ynacTBaT BOJieBO b onpe,nejiaHe Ha CBoara ci>,zi6a! Te
npofl^jracaBaT ,aa roGnpar rpexa hjih XpncTOC. Te He Morar ,aa Bi>3,zieHCTBaT Ha to3h H36op, ho bojicbo noKa3BaT
CBoara Harjiaca!
JiyMara „3amoTo" e lecro cpemaHa, ho 3HaneHHeTO h e cnopHO. IlaBeji H3noji3Ba eph' ho bi>b II Kop. 5:4;
cDhji. 3: 12; h 4: 10 b CMHd>jia Ha „3ainoTo". TaKa bcckh hobck H36npa jihhho ,na ynacTBa b rpexa h 6yHTa cpemy
Bora. HaKOH ro npaBaT, OTXBi>pjiaHKH cneiiHajiHOTO OTRpoBemie, ho bchhkh npeHe6perBaT otrpobchhcto Ha
npHpoaara (b>k. 1:18-3:20).
5:13-14 Obinara HCTHHa e roaBeHa b Phmji. 4: 15 h .ZJeaHHa 17:30. Bor e cnpaBCzyiHB. XopaTa ca OTroBopHH caMO
3a OHOBa, KoeTO HMaT. To3h cthx roBopn H3KjnoHHTejiHO 3a cneiiHariHOTO OTKpoBeHHe (C3, Hcyc, H3), He 3a
OTKpoBeHHeTO Ha npirpoziaTa (TIcajiM 19; Phmji. 1: 18-23; 2: 1 1-16).
3a6ejie>KeTe, ne NKJV Birac^a cpaBHeHHeTO ot cthx 12 KaTO OT^ejieHO ot ^tjira HHrepMe,ziHa (b>k. ct. 13-17)
OT 3aKJIIOHeHHeTO B CTHXOBe 18-21.
5:14
NASB, NKJV, JB „CMi>pTTa iwpyBa"
NRSV „CMi>pTTa ynpaacHsiBa BjiacT"
TEV „CMi>pTTa Bjiaaee"
CM^bpira Bjia^ee KaTO Hap (b>k. ct. 17 h 21). Ta3H nepcoHH(J)HKaiiHa Ha CMtpira h rpexa KaTO THpaHH e
BH^Ha b iiajiara 5 h b rjiaBa 6. OaKTbT, ne bchhkh yMirpaT noTBtp^aBa yHHBepcariHHa rpax Ha hobchcctboto. B
CTHXOBe 17 h 21, 6jiaro,naTTa e nepcoHH(J)HL(HpaHa. EjiaronaTTa iiapyBa! XopaTa HMaT H36op (nBam rn>Ta b C3):
CMtpT HJIH >KHBOT. Kofi IiapyBa B TB03 >KHBOT?
11 „flopH Btpxy OHe3H, kohto He ca cbrpeuiHjiH noflo6HO Ha Aflaivi" A,naM Hapyinn Eo>KHaTa 3anoBe,a, flopn h
EBa He cbrpeniH no equina HanHH. Ta ny 3a ,zri>pBOTO ot A,aaM, He ^npeKTHO ot Bora. Ot A,naM ,no MoiiceH
xopaTa ca noBjinaHH ot 6yHra Ha A,naM! Te He HapyinaBaT KOHKpeTHa Boacna 3anoBe,a, ho 1: 18-32, kocto e nacT
ot to3h 6orocjiOBCKH KOHTeKCT, H3pa3aBam HCTHHara, ne ca npeHe6perHajiH CBeTjiHHaTa, nojiyneHa ot
TBopeHHeTO h cjie^OBaTejiHO ca OTroBopHH npe,a Bora 3a 6yHr/rpax. EpexoBHara ckjiohhoct Ha A,aaM ce npe,na,zie
Ha bchhkh HeroBH ,zieiia.
96
NASB, NKJV, NRSV „o6pa3 Ha Hero, kohto Tpstfeauie aa flofifle"
TEV „AflaM roBopn 3a to3h, kohto Tpsi6Bauie #a flOHfle"
JB „AflaM npeflCTaesi Oh3h, kohto TpsiSeauie aa flOHfle"
HspastT MHoro scho npcucTaBa THnojiornara A^aM-XpncTOC (b>k. I Kop. 15:21-22,45-49; <I>hji. 2:6-8). H
ABaMara ca pa3rjie,ziaHH KaTO ntpBH b HHKaKBa rpyna, poflOHananHnnH Ha paca (b)k. I Kop. 15:45-49). A^aivi e
eAHHCTBeHHaT hobck ot C3, KOHKpeTHO HapeneH „m>pBoo6pa3" b Hobhh 3aBeT. B>k. CnElTHAJTHO noiMTHE:
<£OPMA (TUPOS) klm 6: 17.
UHTAT OT BBJirAPCKHfl nFEBORBEPEH — 5:15-17
Ho flaptT He e TaKbB, KaKBOTO 6eine nperpeineHHeTo; 3amoTO, axo nopaAH nperpeineHHeTO Ha e^HH
H3Mpaxa MH03HHa, to MHoro noBene EoacHjrra Gjiaro^aT h ^aptT npe3 Gjiaroziaira Ha e^HH Hobck, Hncyc
XpncToc, ce H3Jia h3o6hjiho 3a MH03HHa. H ^aptT He e TaKbB, icaiebBTO 6eine ci>,ti>t npe3 nperpeineHHeTO Ha
e^HH; 3amoTO ci>,zrbT flOBe^e ot e^HO npecrbrnieHne ,zio ocb^aHe, a ^aptT flOBe^e ot MHoro nperpenieHHa ^o
onpaB^aHHe. 3amoTO, axo npe3 nperpeineHHeTO Ha e^HH CMtpiTa napyBa npe3 to3h e^HH, to MHoro noBene
Te3H, kohto nojrynaBaT H3o6HjiHeTO Ha Gjiaroflaira h Ha ^apa Ha npaB^ara, me napyBaT b ^khbot npe3 Ep,muai,
Hncyc XpncToc.
UHTAT OT AHrjIHHCKHfl nPEBOA A^4^fi — 5:15-17
15 But the free gift is not like the transgression. For if by the transgression of the one the many died,
much more did the grace of God and the gift by the grace of the one Man, Jesus Christ, abound to the
many. 16 The gift is not like that which came through the one who sinned; for on the one hand the judgment
arose from one transgression resulting in condemnation, but on the other hand the free gift arose from
many transgressions resulting in justification. 17 For if by the transgression of the one, death reigned
through the one, much more those who receive the abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness will
reign in life through the One, Jesus Christ.
5:15-19 TOBa e noTBtp^eH apryMeHT, H3noji3Bam napajiejiHH (J)pa3n. NASB, NRSV, h TEV pas^ejiaT naparpa<J)a
b cthx 18. 06ane UBS , NKJV, n JB ro npeBOK^ar KaTO e^HO najio. noMHeTe KjHona 3a TbjiKyBaHe Ha
opHrnHajiHOTO HaMepeHHe Ha aBTopa e e^Ha ocHOBHa ncTHHa 3a a63ai(. 3a6ejie)KeTe, ne AyMara „MHoro" b
CTHxoBe 15 & 19, e chhohhm6h c „bchhkh" b CTHxoBe 12 n 18. ToBa e Taxa h b Hcaa 53:11-12 n cthx 6. He
Tpa6Ba j\& ce npaBHT GorocjiOBCKn pa3JiHKH (n36paHH cpemy Hen36paHn Ha KajiBHH), 6a3npaHn Ha Te3n
TepMHHn!
5:15 „He3acjiy5KeHHsiT flap" Hvia ,aBe pa3JinHHn rptnicH ^yMn 3a „flap" b to3h KOHTeKCT - charisma, CTHxoBe
15,16 (6:23) n dorea/dorama, CTHxoBe 15, 16, 17 (b>k. 6eji. kt>m 3:24) - ho Te ca chhohhmh. HancTHHa TOBa e
Ejiarara BecT 3a cnaceHne. To e He3acjiy»ceH flap ot Bora npe3 Hcyc XpncToc (b>k. 3:24; 6:23; E(J)ec. 2:8,9) 3a
BCHHKH, KOHTO BJipBaT B XpHCTOC.
a „aKo" ToBa e YCJIOBHO H3PEHEHHE OT ITLPBH BHfl, npneMamo ce 3a BapHO, Tbii KaTO o6cjiy>KBa
jinrepaTypHnre nejin Ha aBTopa. AflaMOBnar rpax flOHece CMtpT Ha Ha bchhkh xopa. HspastT e napajiejieH Ha
cthx 17.
e „npeH3o6HjicTBa" B>k. CrmiTHAJiHO noroiTHE kt>m 15:13.
5:16 „ocfa5K3eHHe... onpaeflaHHe" H flBaTa TepMHHa ca npaBHn, cbfle6HH. HecTO C3 npeflcraBa npoponecKOTO
nocjiaHne KaTO Cbfle6eH flHcnyr. naBeji H3noji3Ba Cbmara (b>k. Phmji. 8:1, 3 1-34).
5:17 „aKo" ToBa e flpyro YCJIOBHO H3PE I IEHHE OT ITLPBH BH/I, npneMamo ce 3a BapHO, Tbii KaTO o6cjiyacBa
jinrepaTypHHTe nejin Ha aBTopa. npecTbnjieHneTO Ha AflaM flOBefle ao CMtpira Ha bchhkh HOBenn.
97
H „MHoro noBene Te3H, kohto nojiynaBaT" CTHxoBe 18-19 He ca cbbccm 6ajiaHCHpaHH 6orocjiOBCKH. Ta3H
4>pa3a He Moace ^a Gt^e npeMaxHaTa ot KOHTeKCTa Ha Phmjihhh 1-8 h H3noji3BaHa KaTO tckct, ^OKa3Bam
yHHBepcajiH3Ma (ie e^HH ^eH bchhkh me ce cnacaT). HoBeiprre Tpa6Ba j\ a npneMaT (ct. 17b) Eokhcto
npe^JicoKeHHe b XpncTOC. CnaceHHeTO e Ha pasnojioaceHHe Ha bchhkh, ho Tpa6Ba ^a ce npneMe HH^HBH^yajiHO
(bk. HoaH 1:12; 3:16; Phmji. 10:9-13).
ByHTOBHaTa npoaBa Ha A^aivi ^OBe^e j\o m>jieH 6yHT Ha bchhkh xopa. E^hh rpexoBeH aKT e yMHO>KeH! Ho b
XpncTOC e^na npaBe^Ha acepTBa e npeyMHoaceHa, 3a p,a noKpne MHoro ot^cjihh rpexoBe, KaKTO h o6mna
pe3yjiTaT ot rpexa. H3pa3i>T „MHoro noBene" HMa 3a ueji j\a no^HepTae ^ejiOTO Ha XpncTOC (b>k. ct. 9,10,15,17).
Ejiaronaira H3o6HjiCTBa!
5:17,18 „aapi>T Ha npaeaaTa me uapysa b HCHBOTa... onpaBflaHne Ha HCHBOTa" Hcyc e EoaciiaT noflap'bK h
npoMHCBJi 3a bchhkh ^yxoBHH Hy^K^H Ha rpeiiiHHTe xopa (b>k. I Kop. 1:30). Te3H napanejiHH (J)pa3H Moace j\a
03HanaBaT (1) Ha rpeniHOTO HOBenecTBO e j\aj\Qn flocrbn ^o Eora npe3 3aBi>piiieHOTO acjio Ha XpncTOC, kocto
bo^h j\o „6oroyroAeH »chbot" hjih (2) Ta3H (J)pa3a e CHHOHHMHa Ha „BeneH ^khbot". KoHreKCTbT no^Kpena
ntpBHa BapnaHT. Othocho rocneflBaHe Ha .nyMara „npaB,na" B>k. CnEL[HAJIHO noiMTHE kt>m 1:17.
| CnEUHAJlHO noHHTHE: IjAPyBAmH B UAPCTBOTO HA EOfA
Hzjejrra 3a uapyBaHe c XpncTOC e nacT ot no-o6maTa 6orocjiOBCKa KareropHa, HapeneHa „HapcTBOTO
Ha Eora." Ta Haflrpaawa C3 H^ea 3a Eor KaTO hcthhckh Hap Ha H3panji (b>k. I Hape 8:7). Ton uapyBa
chmbojihhho (I Hape 8:7; 10: 17-19) npe3 noTOMtK ot njieMeTO Ha lO^a (bjk. Eht. 49: 10) h ceMencTBOTO Ha
Ecefi (b3k. II Hape 7 rji.).
Hcyc e o6emaHOTO H3m>jiHeHHe Ha C3 npopoiecTBO othocho MecHjrra. Ton B^Be^e Eo>KHeTO uapcTBO
cbc Cbocto BtHjitmeHHe bi>b BnTjieeM. EoacneTO uapcTBO CTaHa HempaneH CTbji6 Ha HcycoBOTO
nponoBa^BaHe. HapcTBOTO h3hjijio ce h3hi>jihh b Hero (b)k. MaT. 10:7; 11:12; 12:28; MapK 1:15; JlyKa
10:9,11; 11:20; 16:16; 17:20-21).
06aie HapcTBOTO e h b 6i>,ziemeTO (ecxarojiorHHHo). To e b xo,a, ho He e h3hjmo peanroiipaHO (b>k.
MaT. 6:10; 8:11; 16:28; 22:1-14; 26:29; JIy K a 9:27; 11:2; 13:29; 14:10-24; 22:16,18). ntpBHHT hot Hcyc
AOH^e KaTO CTpanam cnyra (b>k. Hcaa 52: 13-53:12); CMnpeH (b>k. 3ax. 9:9), ho me ce 3aBi>pHe KaTO Hap Ha
uapeTe (b>k. MaT. 2:2; 21:5; 27:11-14). HzieaTa 3a „ii;apyBaHeTo" onpe^ejieHO e nacT ot 6orocjiOBHeTO 3a
„HapcTBOTC>". Eor e ^an uapcTBOTO Ha HcycoBHTe nocjie^OBaTejiH (bidk JIyKa 12:32).
npe^CTaBaTa 3a uapyBaHeTO c XpncToc HMa hskojiko acneKTa h B^npoca:
1. flanH nacaacHTe, kohto TBtp^HT, ne Eor npe3 XpncTOC e j\an „HapcTBOTC>" Ha BapBanjHTe, ce
OTHacHT^o „u;apyBaHe" (b)k. MaT. 5:3,10; JIyKa 12:32)?
2. /JajiH HcycoBHTe flyMH kbm m>pBHTe yneHHHH b eBpencKHa kohtckct Ha m>pBH bck, ce OTHacaT ^o
bchhkh BapBanjH (b>k. MaT. 19:28; JIyKa 22:28-30)?
3. ,H,ajiH naBjiOBHHT aKueHT Btpxy uapyBaHeTO b to3h >khbot, e b KOHTpacT hjih ^onbjiBa ropHHTe
TeKCTOBe (b>k. Phmji. 5:17; I Kop. 4:8)?
4. KaKBa e Bpi>3KaTa Meac^y CTpanamie h uapyBaHe (b>k. Phmji. 8:17; II Thm. 2:11-12; I neT. 4:13;
Otkp. 1:9)?
5 . noBTapanjaTa ce TeMa ot OTKpoBeHHe e cnoflejiaHe Ha uapyBaHeTO Ha npocjiaBeHHa XpncTOC
a. 3eMHO, 5:10
b. xHjia^a ro^HHa, 20:5,6
c. BenHO, 2:26; 3:21; 22:5 and flaH. 7:14,18,27
UHTAT OT BBJirAPCKHfl nPEBO^ S^f^^ — 5:18-21
98
H Taica, KaKTO npe3 e^HO nperpeineHHe floime ocb^K^aHeTO Ha bchhkh xopa, Taica h npe3 e^HO npaBe^HO
^ejio p,oup,e Ha bchhkh xopa onpaB^aHHeTO, KoeTO ^OKapBa >khbot. 3amoTO, KaKTO npe3 HenocjiyinaHHeTO Ha
e^HH HOBeK CTaHaxa rpeniHH MH03HHaTa, Taica h npe3 nocjiyinaHHeTO Ha E^hh me CTaHaT npaBe^HH MH03HHaTa.
A ocBeH TOBa floime h 3aKOHbT, 3a j\2l ce ymhtokh nperpeineHHeTO. Ho TaM, Kt^eTO ce ymhtokh rpextT, MHoro
noBene ce ymhtokh 6jiaroAaTTa; Taxa ne, KaKTO rpextT 6eine ijapyBan b CMtpira, Taica Gjiaroflaira j\& uapyBa
npe3 npaB^a 3a BeneH >khbot npe3 Hncyc XpncTOC, Hanraa rocnoa.
UHTAT OT AHrjIHHCKHfl nPEBORNASB — 5:18-21
18 So then as through one transgression there resulted condemnation to all men, even so through one act
of righteousness there resulted justification of life to all men. 19 For as through the one man's disobedience
the many were made sinners, even so through the obedience of the One the many will be made righteous.
20 The Law came in so that the transgression would increase; but where sin increased, grace abounded all
the more, 21 so that, as sin reigned in death, even so grace would reign through righteousness to eternal life
through Jesus Christ our Lord.
5:18
NASB «npe3 eflHO aejio Ha npae^a HacTtnn onpae^aHHe b HCHBOTa Ha bchhkh xopa"
NKJV «npe3 npaBeflHOTO aejio Ha e^HH hobck, cbo6o,zihhsit flap 6e aaaeH Ha bchhkh"
NRSV „eflHO HOBeuiKo aejio Ha npaB^a flOBeae #o onpaBflaHne h hchbot 3a bchhkh"
TEV „HanHH eflHO npaBeflHO aejio ocbo6oah bchhkh xopa h hm aaae hchbot"
JB „ao6poTO aejio Ha e#HH hobck aasa jkhbot Ha bchhkh h th onpaBflaBa"
TyK He ce ica3Ba, ne BceKH me 6i>ji,e cnaceH (yHHBepcajiH3T>M). To3h cthx He Mo^ce p,a Gt^e TbjiKyBaH
OT^ejiHO ot nocjiaHneTO Ha Phmjhihh h Henocpe,ncTBeHHa kohtckct. Oraaca ce ,no noTeHHHajmoTO cnaceHHe Ha
bchhkh xopa npe3 HcycoBHa >KHBOT/cM'i>pT/B'i>3KpeceHHe. HoBenecTBOTO Tpa6Ba j\a. OTKjiHKHe Ha eBaHrejiCKaTa
noKaHa npe3 noKaaHHe h Bapa (b>k. MapK 1:15; .ZJeaHHa 3:16,19; 20:21). Eor BHHarn noeMa HHHHHaraBara (b>k.
HoaH 6:44,65), ho Eor e H36pan BceKH HOBeK j\a. OTKjiHKHe HH^HBH^yajiHO (b>k. MapK 1:15; HoaH 1:12; h Phmji.
10:9-13). HeroBara noKaHa e yHHBepcanHa (b>k. I Thm. 2:4,6; II IleT. 3:9; I HoaH 2:2), ho TaHHara Ha HenecTHeTO
e, ne MH03HHa Ka3BaT „He".
J\qjioto Ha npaB^aTa e hjih (1) uejinaT Hey cob >khbot Ha noKopcTBO h Bpi>3Ka c Otcli hjih (2) cneuHajiHO
HeroBaTa civn>pT 3apa^H HOBeuHre. KaKTO >khboti>t Ha AflaM noBjina Ha bchhkh xopa (eBpeiicKaTa np,e% 3a
KOJieKTHBHOCT, b>k. Hcyc HaBHeB 7 rji.), TaKa h HeBHHHHaT >khbot Ha Hcyc. Te3H ^Ba aKra ca napanejiHH, ho He
e^HaKBH. Bchhkh ca noBjiHaHH ot rpexa Ha A^aivi, ho bchhkh caMO noTeHHiiaiiHO ca no,a BjiHamie Ha HcycoBHa
>khbot; caMO BapBamnre npneMar ^apa Ha onpaB^aHHeTO. HcycoBOTO .nejio BjiHae h Ha HOBeniKHa rpax 3a OHe3H,
kohto BapBaT h npHeMar, b MHHano, ceraniHO h 6T>,zieme!
5:18-19 „oci>5i(3aHe 3a bchhkh... onpaBaamie b acHBOTa Ha bchhkh... MH03HHaTa CTaHaxa rpeuiHHUH...
MH03HHaTa me 6i>aaT onpaBflaHn" ToBa ca napajiejiHH (})pa3H, kohto noKa3BaT, ne ^yMara „MH03HHa" h HejiH
^a orpaHHHH, a ,na bkjiiohh. C^mnaT napajiejiH3i>M e HajiHue h b Hcaa 53:6 „bchhkh" h 53:11,12 „MH03HHa."
.HyMara „MH03HHa" He MO^ce p,a Gt^e H3noji3BaH pecTpHKTHBHO, 3a j\a orpaHHHH EoacnaTa noKaHa 3a cnaceHHe
ktjm uajioTO HOBenecTBO (KanBHHOBaTa nziea 3a H36paHH cpemy HeH36paHH).3a6ejie5KeTe CTPA^ATEJUfflil 3AJlor
b ^BaTa TJlAroJlA. Te KacaaT ^eiiHOCTTa Ha Bora. XopaTa cbipemaBaT cpemy Eo>KHa xapaKTep h ca onpaB^aHH
3apaAH HeroBHa xapaKTep.
5:19 „HenocjiyuiaHHeTO Ha e^HH hobck... nocjiyuiaHHeTO Ha Eahhhsi" naBen H3noji3Ba C3 H^ea 3a
„o6hihoct". ,2,ejiaTa Ha e^HH HOBeK BjinaaT Ha ijajiOTO o6mecTBO (b>k. AxaH b He. HaB. 7 rji.). HenoKopcTBOTO Ha
A^aM h EBa flOHece Eo>KHeTO ocb^K^aHe Ha^ uajiOTO TBopeHHe (b>k. Eht. 3 rji.). HajiOTO TBopeHne e noBjinaHO ot
nocjie^HL(HTe Ha AflaMOBHa 6yHT (b>k. 8:18-25). Cbbtbt He e cbmnaT. XopaTa He ca cbmnre. CMtpira cram
Kpaii 3a ijejiHa >khbot Ha 3eMaTa (b>k. Eht. 5). ToBa He 6e EoacnaT njiaH 3a CBeTa!
99
B d>mna 06m cmhcbji HcycoBOTO fle.no Ha nocjiymaHHe, Ha TojiroTa ppBepp ao (1) e^Ha HOBa epa, (2) e^HH
hob Hapofl, h (3) h e^HH hob 3aBeT. ToBa npeflCTaBHTejiHO 6orocjiOBHe e HapeieHO „THnojiorn>i AaaM-XpncTOc"
(b>k. (Dhji. 2:6). Hcyc e BTopnaT A,aaM. Ton e hoboto Hanajio 3a naaHanara HOBennca paca.
® „HanpaBeHH npaBeflHH" CnEqHAJiHO noroiTHE kbm 1:17.
5:20
NASB „h 3aK0Hi>T flofiae, 3a aa ce yeejiKHH 6e33aKOHHeTo"
NKJV „Hemo noBene, 3aKOHi>T Bjie3e, 3a aa ce yMHOHCH npecTtnjieHHeTo"
NRSV „ho floiifle 3aKOHi>T h pe3yjiTaTBT 6e yMHoacaBaHe Ha rpexa"
TEV „3aKOHi>T 6e Bi>BeaeH, 3a aa ce yMHOHCH rpextT"
JB „KoraTO flofifle, 3aKOHi>T yMH05KH Bi>3M05KHOCTHTe 3a naaaHe"
3aKOHbT HHKora He e miaji 3a neji ,aa cnacaBa HOBeiecTBOTO, ho ,aa noKaace HeroBaTa Hy>Kfla h
6e3noMomHOCT (b>k. E(J)ec. 2:1-3) h Taxa ,aa ro ,aoBe,ae pp XpncTOC (b>k. 3:20; 4:15; 7:5; Tan. 3:19, 23-26).
3aKOHbT e floG'bp, ho HOBeiecTBOTO e rpeniHO !
11 „6jiaroaaTTa ce yMHOHCH ome noBene" ToBa e neHipajiHara mhci>ji Ha IlaBeji b Ta3H nacT. TpextT e y>KaceH h
ce innpH, ho Gjiaroaarra ce yMHO>KaBa h HaaxBtpjia HeroBoro cmi>ptohocho BjinaHHe ! ToBa e HanHHbT IlaBeji ,aa
HacbpnH paHHara ntpKBa b m>pBH bck. Te ca noGeflnrejin b Xpncroc (b>k. 5:9-11; 8:31-39; I HoaH 5:4). ToBa He
e pa3pemeHHe pa rpemaT noBene! B>k. CrrnqHAJlHO noiMTHE: CJI02KHH ,HyMH C nPE^CTABKATA
„HUPER-" kt>m1:30.
5:21 KaKTO „rpexi>T", Taica h „6jiaro,aaTTa" ca npeflCTaBeHH KaTO nape. TpextT napyBa npe3 CHjiara Ha
yHHBepcajiHaTa cmt>pt (ct. 14, 17). Ejiaroaarra napyBa npe3 CHjiara Ha BMeHeHaTa npaB^a nocpeflCTBOM
3aBi>piiieHOTO fleno Ha Hcyc Xpncroc h jinHHara Bapa Ha BapBamnre, OTKjiHKHariH c noKaaHne Ha 6jiaroBecTHeTO
KaTO hob Bo>kh Hapofl, KaTO XpncTOBO thjio, xpncTnaHHTe ci>mo napyBar c XpncTOC (b>k. 5:17; II Thm.
2:12; Otkp. 22:5). ToBa Moace ,aa Kacae 3Cmhoto hjih xnjia,aaro,aHiiiHOTO napyBaHe (b^k. Otkp. 5:9-10;20).
EnGjinaTa roBopn 3a d>mara HCTHHa, noanepTaBanKH, ne HapcTBOTO e flaneHO Ha CBeTnnre (b>k. MaT. 5:3,10;
Jlyxa 12:32; E(})ec. 2:5-6). B>k. CirnqHAJTHOnOHilTHE: UAPYBAIIJH B E05KHETO UAPCTBO kt>m 5:17.
BtnPOCH 3A OBCB^UAHE
To3h KOMeHTap e caMO pi>kobo,3ctbo 3a H3ynaBaHe. ToBa 03HaiaBa, ie Bne caMH HOCHTe OTroBopHOCT 3a
HanHHa, no kohto TbjiKyBaTe EnGjinaTa. BceKH ot Hac Tpa6Ba ,aa xoan b CBeTjiHHaTa, kosto My e flaneHa.
IlpHopHTeT npn HHrepnpeTannaTa ere caMnaT BHe, BainaTa EnGjina h CBeTnaT Jfyx. He 6nBa pa npexBtpjiaTe
Ta3H OTroBopHOCT Ha kohto Hflae KOMeHrarop.
HacToamnre Bi>npocH 3a o6cb>KflaHe nejiaT pa bh noanoMoraar pa o6MHCJiHTe ocHOBHHTe tcmh b to3h
pa3fleji Ha nocjiaHneTO. Hejrra hm e pa npe,aH3BHKaT mhcjih, a He pa papar KpafiHH OTroBopn.
1 . flairre onpcaejieHne 3a EoacnaTa „npaBfla".
2. KaKBa e 6orocjiOBCKaTa pa3JiHKa Meac^y „0CBemeHHe no nojioaceHne" h „nporpecnBHO ocBenjeHHe"?
3 . Jlpum CMe cnaceHH npe3 6jiaroflaT hjih npe3 Bapa (b»c. E(J)ec. 2:8-9)?
4. 3anjo xpncTHaHHTe CTpa^aT?
5. flajra CMe cnacenu, 6uectMe cncicnecmu hjih life 6tdeM. cnacenul
6. ,H,ajiH CMe rpeniHHnn, 3amoTO CbipeniaBaMe, hjih cbipeniaBaMe, 3amoTO CMe rpeniHHi(H?
7. KaKBa e Bpi>3KaTa Meacfly TepMHHHTe „onpaB,aaHH", „cnaceHH" h „npnMnpeHH" b Ta3H rjiaBa?
8. 3anjo Bor Me fltpacn OTroBopeH 3a rpexa Ha hobck, >khb3ji xHjia^H roflHHH npcan mch (ct. 12-21)?
9. 3anjo b nepno^a Meacfly AnaM n Moncen bchhkh yMpaxa, aKO rpexbT He e 6hji CHHTaH b to3h nepnofl
(ct. 13-14)?
100
10. J\aim flyMHTe „bchhkh" h „MHoro" ca chhohhmh (ct. 18-19, Is. 53:6, 1 1-12)?
101
Phmjihhh 6 rjiaea
PA3AEJIEHHA nO AE3AHH B CBBPEMEHHHTE nPEBO^H
UBS 4
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
JB
MtpTtB 3a rpexa,
HO 5KHB B XpHCTOC
Ymphji 3a rpexa,
)khb 3a Bora
YMHpaHe
H Bt3KptCBaHe
C XpHCTOC
YMpsm 3a rpexa,
HO 5KHB B XpHCTOC
KptmeHHe
6:1-11
6:1-14
6:1-4
6:1-4
6:1-7
6:5-11
6:5-11
6:8-11
Tocno/iap e
CBCTOCTTa,
a He rpextT
6:12-14
6:12-14
6:12-14
6:12-14
Po6h Ha npaB/iaTa
Ot po6n Ha rpexa
KtM po6n Ha Bora
JJfleje po6cTBa
Po6h Ha npaB/iaTa
XpHCTHflHHHBT
e CBo6o/ieH
OT po6cTBOTO
Ha rpexa
6:15-23
6:15-23
6:15-19
6:15-19
6:15-19
Harpa/iaTa 3a rpexa
h Harpa/iaTa
3a CBeTOCTTa
6:20-23
6:20-23
6:20-23
nPOHHT HA TPETH HHKKJI (bsk. CTp. ix)
nPOCJIE/JMBAHE HA ABTOPCKOTO HAMEPEHHE HA HHBO AE3AHH
To3h KOMeHTap e caMO p^kobo^ctbo 3a H3ynaBaHe. ToBa 03HanaBa, ne BHe caMH Hocnre OTroBopHOCT 3a
HanHHa, no kohto TMKyBaTe EnGjinaTa. BceKH ot Hac Tpa6Ba p,a xohh b CBeTjiHHaTa, koato My e ^aneHa.
IlpHopHTeT npn HHTepnpeTai(HHTa ere caMHjrr BHe, BainaTa BhGjihh h CBeTHaT Jfyx. He 6nBa ,na npexB'bpjiaTe
Ta3H OTrOBOpHOCT Ha kohto Hflae KOMeHrarop.
nponeTeTe raaBaTa Ha e^HH p,t>x. Onpe^ejieTe tcmhtc ObnocTaBeTe BaineTO TeMaTHHHO pas^ejieHHe c
neire CBBpeMeHHH npeBO^a no-rope. Pa3AejiaHeTO Ha a63anH He e B^txHOBeHO ot Bora, ho e kjiiohobo 3a
npocjie,zyiBaHeTO Ha aBTopcKOTO HaMepeHHe. A hmchho TOBa e b cbpHeBHHara Ha HHTepnpeTHpaHeTO. BceKH
a63ai( HMa e^Ha e^HHCTBeHa TeMa.
1 . HbpBH a63au;
2. Btoph a63ai(
3 . TpeTH a63ai(
102
4. Ht.h.
HABJIIOAEHHfl BLPXy KOHTEKCTA
A. IlacaacbT 6:1-8:39 npe,acTaBjiaBa e^HO CBT>p3aHO najio (jiHTepaTypHa ep,muma), kocto pasraeac^a
OTHOineHHeTO Ha xpncTnaHHHa kim rpexa. ToBa e hskjuohhtcjiho BaaceH Bi>npoc, rbfi KaTO
6jiaroBecTHeTO ce ocHOBaBa Ha KOHiieni(HaTa 3a CBo6o,aHaTa He3acjiy5KeHa 6jiaro,ziaT, KoaTO nojiynaBaMe
ot Bora npe3 XpncToc (3:21-5:21). KaK ToraBa rpexivr Bjinae Ha BapBanjna? TjiaBa 6 pasniOK^a flBa
BI)3MO>KHH B^npOCa - B CTHXOBe 1 H 15. CtHX 1 Ce OTHaCH KbM 5:20, flOKaTO cthx 15 - KbM 6:14.
n^pBHaT pa3rjie>Kfla rpexbT KaTO HanHH Ha >khbot (CErAIIIHO BPEME), a BTopnaT - HH^HBH^yajiHHTe
npoaBH Ha rpexa (MHH. CB. BPEME). Ci>mo Taxa e sbho, ne CTHXOBe 1-14 pasrjie^K^ar CBoGoflara Ha
BapBamna ot po6ctboto Ha rpexa, flOKaro CTHXOBe 15-23 roBopaT 3a CBo6o,aaTa Ha BapBamnre ,na
crryHcar Ha Bora Taxa, Kaicro no-paHO ca cnyacnjin Ha rpexa - HanbjiHO OT^aneHH, c iiano Cbpne.
B. OcBemeHneTO e^HOBpeMeHHO e:
1 . no3Hi(Ha (fla^eHa KaTO onpaB^aHHeTO npn cnaceHHeTO, 3:21-5:21)
2. HenpecTaHHO yno,no6aBaHe Ha XpncTOC
a. 6:1-8:39 roaBaBa 6orocjiOBCKH Ta3H HCTHHa
b. 12:1-15:13 a noKa3Ba Ha npaKTHica (B>k. CnEUHAJIHO noiMTHE kt>m 6 : 4)
C. KoMeHraropHTe necTO Tpa6Ba 6orocjiOBCKH ,na pa3,aejiaT TeMaTa 3a onpaB^aHHeTO ot Ta3H 3a
ocBemeHneTO, 3a ,aa Mo^ceivi ,na pa36epeM GnGjieficKOTO hm 3HaneHHe. Ha npaKTHKa Te ce cjiynBaT
e^HOBpeMeHHO KaTO npoaBa Ha 6jiaro,ziaT (no3niiHOHajiHa, I Kop. 1:30; 6:11). 3a ,nBeTe HMaMe eflHH h
cbiiih MexaHHStM - EoacnaTa 6jiaro,ziaT, H3aBeHa b >KHBOTa h civrbpira Ha Hcyc h nojiyneHa npe3 Bapa
(b>k. E(})ec. 2:8-9).
D. Ta3H raaBa pa3rjie>K^a ntjiHOTara Ha 3pajiocT (6e3 rpa, b>k. I HoaH 3:6,9; 5:18) Ha Bo>KHHTe .aeiia b
XpncToc. TjiaBa 7 h I HoaH 1:8-2:1 noica3BaT KaK Ha npaKTHKa rpexbT npont.TDKaBa ,aa Bjia^ee
BapBaniHTe.
MHoro ot Heflopa3yMeHHaTa no B , b3rjie,zia Ha naBen 3a npomeHHeTO ce oraacaT p,o Mopana. 3a
Kmenre GjiaronecTHeTO e H3HCKBaHe ot HOBnre BapBanjH ,na ce noKopaBaT Ha MonceeBna 3aKOH. HcTHHa
e, ne MH03HHa ca H3noji3Bann ,nyMHTe Ha naBeji KaTO pa3peniHTejiHO 3a rpax (b^k. ct. 1,15; II neT. 3:15-
16). naBen BapBa, ne Jlyx-bT b Hac me hh HanpaBH GjiaronecTHBH xpncTnaHH, a He HaKaKbB BtHineH
3aKOH. Bcbiiihoct tohho b TOBa e pa3JiHKaTa MOK^y Orapna 3aBeT (b^k. BTop. 27-28 rji.) h HoBHa 3aBeT
(b>k. EpeM. 31:31-34; E3eK. 36:26-27).
E. Kpi>nieHHeTO e (})H3HHecKaTa npoaBa Ha ^yxoBHara peanHOCT Ha onpaB^aHneTo/ ocBemeHHeTO. B
PnMjiaHH e^naKBO ce noanepTaBaT n ,nBeTe ^oktphhh - 3a no3HiinoHajiHOTO ocBemeHHe (onpaB^aHHeTo)
n onHTHOTO ocBenjeHHe (XpHCTO-noapGneTo). J\a CMe norpe6aHH c Hero (ct. 4) b^pbh napanejiHO c „aa
CMe pa3nbHaTH c Hero" (ct. 6).
F. OcHOBaTa 3a npeoflOJiaBaHeTO Ha H3KynieHHeTO rpexa b >KHBOTa Ha BapBanina e:
1. 3Han koh ch b XpncToc. Homhh KaKBO e HSBtpnmji 3a Te6. Th ch CBo6o,neH ot rpexa! Th ch MtpTbB
3a rpexa!
2. npnnoMHaH ch no3ni(HaTa, KoaTO HMani b XpncToc, bt>b BceKH eflHH MOMenr ot ,neHa.
3. Hne He ch npHHafljiOKHM! Tpa6Ba p,a cjiy^cnM/ ,aa ce noKopaBaMe Ha Tocnonapa en. Hne cjiy>KHM c
6jiaro,ziapHOCT h jiio6ob KbM To3h, Kohto hh e b^sjiioGhji!
4. XpncTHaHCKHaT >khbot e CBptxecTecTBeH >khbot. no,np6HO Ha cnaceHHeTO, toh e ,aap ot Bora b
XpncToc. Bor ,naBa HananoTO My y ocnrypaBa cnjiaTa 3a Hero. Hne Tpa6Ba ,na otrjihrhcm b
noKopcTBO n Bapa, ot caMOTO Hanajio h npe3 nejina en ^khbot.
5. He en nrpan c rpexa. Hapenn ro c hcthhckoto noHaTne. 06pi>iiiaH ce ot Hero, 6aran ot Hero. He
ctoh Ha MacTOTO Ha H3KynieHHeTO.
6. TpextT e npncTpacTaBaHe, KoeTO MO>Ke ^a ce npeo^ojiee, ho ca Hy>KHH BpeMe, ycnjina h Bona.
103
H3CJIEABAHE HA JSyMW H G>PA3H
HHTAT OT BLJirAPCKHfl nPEBO^ BEPEH — 6:1-7
ToraBa KaKBO p,a icaaceM? fla ocTaHeM jih b rpexa, 3a ,aa ce ymho>kh Gjiaronarra? ^a He 6"bp,e\ Kax Hire,
kohto CMe yMpejiH 3a rpexa, me ^KHBeeM Bene b Hero? Hjih He 3HaeTe, ne mie bchhkh, kohto 6axMe KptCTemi b
XpncTOC Hncyc, 6axMe KptCTemi b HeroBaTa cmt>pt? H Taxa, HHe 6axMe norpe6aHH c Hero npe3 KptuieHHe b
CM^piTa, Taxa ne, KaKTO XpncToc 6eine BT>3KpeceH ot MtpTBHre npe3 cjiaBaTa Ha OTiia, Taxa h HHe ,aa xohhm b
hob >khbot. 3amoTO, aKO CMe cbe^HHeHH 3ae^HO npe3 CMtpT, no,no6Ha Ha HeroBaTa, me ce ci>e,ziHHHM h npe3
Bi)3KpeceHHe (nonp6HO Ha HeroBOTo); KaTO 3HaeM TOBa, ne HaiimaT CTap HOBeK 6eme pa3m>HaT c Hero, 3a ,aa ce
yHHmojKH TajiOTO Ha rpexa, 3a p,a He po6yBaMe Bene Ha rpexa. 3amoTO to3h, kohto e yMpaji, toh e onpaB^aH ot
rpexa.
HHTAT OT AHrjIHHCKHfl nPEBORNASB — 6:1-7
'What shall we say then? Are we to continue in sin so that grace may increase? 2 May it never be! How
shall we who died to sin still live in it? 3 Or do you not know that all of us who have been baptized into
Christ Jesus have been baptized into His death? 4 Therefore we have been buried with Him through
baptism into death, so that as Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father, so we too
might walk in newness of life. 5 For if we have become united with Him in the likeness of His death, certainly
we shall also be in the likeness of His resurrection, 6 knowing this, that our old self was crucified with Him,
in order that our body of sin might be done away with, so that we would no longer be slaves to sin; 7 for he
who has died is freed from sin.
6:1
NASB ,„3,a npofltjiacHM jih #a rpeuiHM, 3a aa ce yBejiHHaBa SjiaroaaTTa"
NKJV „IHe npofltJiHcaBaivie jih #a rpeuiHM, 3a #a ce H3ni>jiBa SjiaroaaTra"
NRSV „Tpsi6Ba jih #a ctohm b rpexa, 3a #a pacre 6jiaroaaTTa"
TEV „He Tpsi6Ba aa npofltJiacaBaivie aa 5KHBeeM b rpsix, 3a aa ce yBejinnaBa EoaaisiTa 6jiaroaaT"
JB „03HanaBa jih TOBa, ne Tpsi6Ba aa ocTaHeM b rpexa, 3a aa Moace SjiaroaaTTa aa HMa no-rojisiM
oSxBaT"
ToBa e CErAiiiEH ^ehctbeh imchbeh 3AJior (nPE3EHT akthb kohohkthb?). Toh 6yKBajiHo 3aaaBa
B^npoca flajiH xpncTHaHHTe Tpa6Ba j\a ,„na ocTaHaT b rpax" hjih ,„na npen>pHaT rpexa". To3h BT>npoc hh
npHnoMHa 5:20. naBeji H3noji3Ba xHnoTeTHHHO Bi>3pa>KeHHe {(pujiunuKa), 3a ,aa 3aaBH KaK 6jiaro,ziaTTa MO^ce ,aa
6T>,zie HenpaBHjiHO pa36paHa (b>k. I HoaH 3:6,9; 5:18). EoHaurra 6jiaronaT h mhjioct He MoraT ,na Gt^aT
onpaB^aHne 3a 6yHTOBeH >khbot.
BjiaroBecTHeTO Ha naBeji 3a cnaceHHeTO KaTO ,nap Ha EroKiiaTa 6jiaro^aT npe3 XpncTOC (b>k. 3:24; 5:15,17;
6:23) noB^nra MHoro BT>npocH 3a npaBe,ziHOCTTa b ^KHBOTa. KaK MO^ce e^HH ,aap j\a npoH3Be,ne MopanHH ycTOH?
OnpaB^aHHeTO h ocBemeHHeTO He MoraT ,aa Gt^aT pa3,ne.iiJiHH (b»c. Mareii 7:24-27; JlyKa 8:21; 11:28; HoaH
13:17; Phmji. 2: 13; JIk. 1:22-25; 2: 14-26).
TyK 6hx HCKan ^a iiHrapaM <£. <1>. Bpyc: „Kpi>iiieHHeTO Ha xpncTHaHHTe npe^CTaBjHiBa rpaHHiiaTa Meayry
CTapoTO hm Heo6HOBeHO cbmecTByBaHHe h hobhji hm >khbot b XpncTOC: to H33B3Ba CMtpira hm 3a CTapna pe,a h
cera 3a KptcreHiui xphcthjihhh ,aa ocTaHe b rpexa e TOJiKOBa HeMHCJiHMO, kojikoto 3a ocBo6o,aeH po6 ,aa ocTaHe
j\& cjiy>KH Ha rocnonapa ch (b>k. Phmji. 6:1-4, 15-23) hjih 3a BflOBHua p,a ce noKopaBa Ha „3aKOHa Ha CBoa
Cbnpyr" (F.F. Bruce, Paul: Apostle of the Heart Set Free, crp. 281-82; b)k. Phmji. 7: 1-6).
B CBOjrra KHHra .H^KeiiMC CTioapT nnrne: „OcHOBaTa Ha iijijioto nocjraHHe Ha anocTOjra no to3h BT>npoc ce
HaMHpa b Phmji. 6 rji. TyK naBejr, c H3KjnoHHrejiHa CTpacT h ycbp^ne npe^aBa ypoKa, ne cuhhctboto c XpncTOC
b HeroBaTa cmi>pt 03HanaBa 3a BapBamira hmho h KpaiiHO pas^ejiaHe c rpexa" (James Stewart, A Man in Christ,
crp. 187-188).
104
6:2 „aa He 6i>fle" ToBa e pa^ica (JDopivia Ha ootathb, kosto e rpaMaraHecKH H3pa3 Ha noacejiaHHe hjih Ha
MOJiHTBa. Taxa IlaBeji OTroBapa cthjihcthhho Ha xHnoTeTHHHOTO BtspaaceHHe. ToBa e H3pa3 Ha BtSMymeHHeTO h
yacaca Ha IlaBeji npe,a HepasGnpaHeTO Ha xopaTa h 3JioynoTpe6ara c 6jiaroAaiTa (b*c. 3:4,6).
® „HHe, kohto CMe yivipejiH 3a rpexa" ToBa e akthbho H3iiBHTEJiHO hakjiohehhe b mhhajio cbepiheho
bpeme (hjih aophct akthb hh/htkathb), etc 3HaHeHne „yMpejiH CMe". e^hhctbehoto ^hcjio Ha „rpax" ce
H3noji3Ba necTO b Ta3H rjiaBa. To ce oraaca hbho 3a „rpeinHOTO ecTecTBo", Hacjie^eHO ot Anaivi (b>k. Phmji. 5:12-
21; I Kop. 15:21-22). IlaBeji Hecro H3noji3Ba CMtprra KaTO MeTa(J)opa, 3a p,a roaBH hoboto OTHomeHHe Ha
BapBamna c Hcyc. Hne He CMe Bene ncm po6ctboto Ha rpexa.
H „ome fla 5KHBeeM b Hero" ToBa 6yKBajiHO ce npeBeac^a „b , bpbhm". MeTa<J)opaTa ce H3noji3Ba KaKTO 3a BapaTa
(b3k. E(J)ec. 4: 1; 5:2,15), Taica h 3a rpexa hh (b>k. ct. 4). BapBamHTe He MoraT j\a. Gi^ar macTjiHBH b rpexa ch!
6:3-4 „6sixMe KptcTeHH... 6sixMe norpeSaHn" ToBa e aophct itachb hiethkathb. Ta3H rpaMarHHecica (J)opMa
H3aBaBa saBtpmeHO acjio, HSBtpmeHO ot BtHHieH o6eKT, b cjiynaa flyxa. Te ca napanejiHH b KOHreiccTa.
| CnEijHAJiHO noHHTHE: KPLmEHHE
Curtis Vaughan, Acts, npaBH HHTepecHa Gejieacica Ha CTp. 28.
„EpT>HKara flyMa 3a „KpT>CTeH" e TpeTOJiHHHa (J)opMa Ha HMnepaTHB; .zryMara 3a „noKairre ce" e
HMnepaTHB b^b BTopo jraue. Ta3H CMaHa ot ^HpeicrHara 3anoBe,a kt>m no-MajiKO ^npeKTHOTO TpeTO
jiHue npn „Kp , bCTeH" noKa3Ba, ne ocHOBHaTa rpiraca Ha IleTbp e noicaaHHeTO."
ToBa ce Birac^a h b noyneHHaTa Ha HoaH KptCTHreji (b>k. MaT. 3:2) h Ha Hcyc (b>k. MaT. 4:17).
IloKaaHHeTO e ,zryxoBHHaT kjiioh, ^OKaTO KptmeHHeTO e BtHineH H3pa3 Ha Ta3H ,zryxoBHa npoMaHa. Hobhjit
3aBeT HHicb,ne He roBopn 3a HeKptcTeHH BapBamn! 3a paHHaTa irbpKBa KptmeHHeTO e ny6jiHHHara roaBa
Ha BapaTa. Ta e noBoa fla Gt^e 3aaBeHa BapaTa npe^ xopaTa, a He MexaHH3 , bM 3a cnaceHne! MoaceM %a
OT6ejie>KHM, ne b CBoaTa BTopa nponoBe^ IleTbp He cnoMeHaBa KptmeHHeTO, ho roBopn 3a noicaaHHeTO
(b*c. 3:19; Jlyica 24:17). KptmeHHeTO e npHMep, fla^eH ot Hcyc (b)k. MaT. 3:13-18). KptmeHHeTO e
3anoBe,a Ha Hcyc (b>k. MaT. 28:19). JlpeuiimsiT Bi>npoc 3a Heo6xoAHMOCTTa ot KptmeHHe H e ce nocTaBa b
HoBHa 3aBeT; bchhkh BapBaT h Tpa6Ba j\?l ce KptCTaT. Tpa6Ba o6ane ci>mo j\a. ce na3HM ot MexaHH3npaHe
Ha TaiiHCTBOTo! CnaceHHeTO e Bi>npoc Ha Bapa, a He Ha npaBHjiHO MacTO, npaBHjiHH .zryMH h npaBHjieH
pHTyan!
11 „b XpncTOC Hcyc" YnoTpeGaTa Ha eis (b) noBTapa BejiHKOTO noptneHHe ot MareM 28:19, Kt^eTO HOBHTe
BapBamH ce KptmaBaT eis (b) HMeTO Ha OTua h CnHa, h CBeTHa /Jyx. nPE/ETOEET ce H3noji3Ba ci>mo h 3a
KptmeHHeTO Ha BapBamHTe ot flyxa b Xphctoboto Tajio b I KopHHraHH 12: 13. Eis b to3h KOHreiccT e chhohhm
Ha en (b Xphctoc) ot cthx 11, jiio6hm H3pa3 Ha naBen 3a BapBamHTe. Ton noKa3Ba JTOKATHB B OEJIACT.
BapBamHTe aaraeaT h ce ^BHtfcar b XpncTOC. Te3H ITPE/IJI03H roaBaBar 6jih30Ct h e^HHCTBO b o6meHHeTO,
OTHOineHHeTO Meac^y ji03aTa h KjiOHKHre. BapBamHTe ce H^eHTH(J)HL(HpaT h ynacTBaT c XpncTOC b CMtpira My
(b>k. ct. 6; 8:17), bt>b Bi)3KpeceHHeTO My (b>k. ct. 5), b noKopcTBOTO Ha Eora h b ijapcTBOTO My!
H „b HeroBaTa cmbpt... HHe 6sixMe norpe6aHH c Hero" Kp^meHHeTO npe3 noTanaHe HjiiocTpHpa CMtpira h
norpe6BaHeTO (b>k. ct. 5 h Koji. 2:12). Hcyc H3noji3Ba KptmeHneTO KaTO MeTa(J>opa 3a co6cTBeHaTa ch cmt>pt
(b>k. MapK 10:38-39; Jlyxa 12:50). TyK He ce roBopn 3a ^ORTpHHa 3a KptmeHHeTO, a 3a hoboto OTHomeHHe Ha
6jih30Ct Ha xpncTHaHHHa b CMtpira h norpe6BaHeTO Ha XpncTOC. BapBamHTe ce H^eHTH(J)HL(HpaT c
KptmeHHeTO Ha XpncTOC, c xapaicrepa My, c acepTBaTa My, c HeroBara Mncna. EpextT HaMa BjiacT Ha^
BapBamHTe!
105
6:4 „6sixMe norpe6aHH c Hero npe3 KptmeHHe b CMtpTra" B Ta3n raaBa IlaBeji (xapaKTepHO 3a pcrra ch)
H3noji3Ba necTO CBCTaBHn flyMH c npe^jiora sun (etc; Hanp. E(})ec. 2:5-6).
1 . sun + thapto = ci>-norpe6aHH, cthx 4; Koji. 2:12; bidk ci>mo cthx 8
2. sun + stauroo = cb-e^HHeHH, cthx 5
3. sun + azo = cb->KHBeemH, cthx 8; II Thm. 2:11 (Kt^eTO H3noji3Ba ci>mo cb-yMpejiH h cb-napyBanjn)
H „TaKa h Hne aa xo^hm b hob dkhbot" ToBa e aophct akthb kohiohkthb. OnaicBaHHaT pe3yjiTaT ot
cnaceHHeTO e ocBemeHHeTO. BapBamnre no3HaBaT BoacnaTa Gjiaro^aT npe3 Xpncroc h 3aTOBa >khboti>t hm
Tpa6Ba p,a 6i>,zie pa3JiHHeH. Hobhht >khbot He hh hoch cnaceHHe, a e pe3yjrraT ot cnaceHHeTO (b>k. ct. 16, 19 h
E(J)ec. 2:8-9,10; ^Ik. 2: 14-26). ToBa He Bi>npoc Ha huh/ huh - Bapa huh .zjejia - a e npHHHHHO-cjieflCTBeHa Bpi>3Ka.
| CnEljHAJlHO noHHTHE: OCBEmEHHE
Hobhjit 3aBeT 3aaB3Ba, ie KoraTO rpenmnnnTe ce o6i>pHaT kt>m Hcyc b noKaamie h Bapa, Te 6nBaT
He3a6aBHO onpaB^aHH h ocBeTeHH. ToBa e HOBara hm no3Hi(H5i b XpncTOC. HeroBaTa npaB^a Bene hm e
BMeHeHa (Phmji. 4 rji.). Te ca o6aBeHH 3a npaBe^HH h cbcth (cb^eGeH aicr Ha Eora).
Hobhjit 3aBeT o6aie ci>mo nprooBaBa BapBamnre icbm cbstoct hjih ocBemeHne. ToBa e e,aHOBpeMeHHO
6orocjiOBCKa no3Hniia ot 3aBi>piiieHOTO .nejio Ha XpncTOC h npn3HB p,a 6i>,neM hoao6hh Ha Hcyc b
OTHOineHHaTa ch h ^ejiara ch bcckh ^eH. KaKTO cnaceHHeTO e 6e3njiaTeH ^ap, kohto „CTpyBa" nbjiHa
npoMHHa, Taica e h c ocBemeHneTO.
n^pBOHaHajiHa peaKHHsi
fleaHna 20:23; 26:18
Phmjihhh 15:16
I KopHHTaHH 1:2-3; 6:11
II ConyHHH 2:13
EBpen2:ll; 10:10,14; 13:12
I IleTbp 1 : 1
yno,ao6gBaHe Ha Xphctoc
Phmjihhh 6:19
II KopHHTaHH 7: 1
I CojiyHHH 3:13; 4:3-4,7; 5:23
I Thmotch 2:15
II THMOTen 2:21
EBpen 12:14
IIIeTbp 1:15-16
11 „XpncToc 6euie Bi>3KpeceH" B to3h kohtckct npneMaHeTO h OAo6peHHeTO ot Otcli Ha ^yMHTe h ^ejiara Ha
CnHa ca H3aBeHH b ^Be BejiHKH ,ziejia.
1 . Bi>3KpeceHHeTO Ha Hcyc ot MtpTBHre
2. B-b3HeceHHeTO Ha Hcyc p,o flacHara CTpaHa Ha Oreii
® „cjiaBaTa Ha OTua" 3a „cjiaBa" b>k. Cheithajtho nomiTHE kt.m 3:23. 3a „Oren" B>k. CiffiirHAJTHO noHiiTHE
npn 1:7.
6:5 „aKo" ToBa e YCJIOBHO HSPE^EHHE OT HLPBH KJIAC, KoeTO aBTop'BT npneMa 3a BapHO 3a HyjK^Hre Ha
nocjiaHneTO ch. naBen npneMa, ie HHTarejiHre Ha nncMOTO ca BapBanjH.
H „CMe ci>eflHHeHH 3ae#Ho c Hezo" ToBa e itepoekt akthb hh/ihkathb h Mo^ce ^a ce npeBe^e: „CMe h me
Gt^eM cbe^HHeHH c Hero" hjih „CMe h me 6t>acm noca^eHn 3ae^HO cbc." Ta3n HCTHHa 6orocjiOBCKn e
aHajiornHHa Ha „npe6 , bflBaM" b HoaH rjiaBa 15. Ako BapBamnre ce H^eHTH(J)HL(HpaT c XpncTOBaTa CMtpT (b>k.
Ean. 2:19-20; Koji. 2:20; 3:3-5), 6orocjiOBCKH Te Tpa6Ba ^a ce HfleHrac|}HnHpaT n c >KHBOTa My cjie,a
Bi)3KpeceHHeTO (b>k. ct. 10).
106
Ta3H MeTa(J)opa Ha Kpi>meHHeTO KaTO cmi>pt noKa3Ba, ie (1) HHe cine yMpejiH 3a CTapna >khbot, 3a CTapua
3aBeT, (2) HHe CMe >khbh 3a flyxa, 3a hobhji 3aBeT. 3aTOBa xphcthjihckoto KptmeHne He e ci>moTO, KaTO TOBa Ha
HoaH KptCTHTeji, kohto e nocjieflffiurr cTapo3aBeTeH npopoK. KptmeHneTO b paHHara m>pKBa e bt>3mo>khoct
BHpBamHHT fl,a HanpaBH ny6jiHHHa H3noBe,a Ha BapaTa ch. HtpBHre 3anncaHH a>mh, kohto Kpi>maBamHTe ce e
Tpa6Bano j\a ropiraaT ca „BapBaM, ne Hcyc e Eocnozi" (b)k. Phmji. 10:9-13). Ta3H H3noBe,a npe,a bchhkh e
(JDopManeH, pHTyajieH aKT 3a Henjo, KoeTO Bene ce e cjiynnjio b >KHBOTa. KptmeHneTO He e MexaHH3i>M 3a
npomeHHe, cnaceHHe hjih cjiH3aHe Ha Jfyxa, a noBOj 3a ny6jiHHHa H3noBe,a h H3aBaBaHe Ha BapaTa (b>k. Jlpsm.
2:38). To o6ane He e no H36op. Hcyc ro 3anoBa^a (b>k. MaT. 28:19-20) h noKa3a c npHMep (b)k. MaTefi 3 rji.;
MapK 1 rji.; Jlyxa 3 rji.), cjie,a kocto to CTaH nacT ot nponoBe^Ta Ha anocTOJiHre h ^ejiara b J^esmm.
6:6
NASB „KaTO 3HaeM Toea, ne HauieTO CTapo ecTecTBO 6euie pa3ni>HaTO c Hero"
NKJV „KaTO 3HaeM Toea, ne HauinsiT CTap hobck 6euie pa3ni>HaT c Hero"
NRSV „Hne 3HaeM, ne HauieTO CTapo ecTecTBO 6euie pa3ni>HaTO c Hero"
TEV „a HHe 3HaeM Toea: CTapoTO hh ecTecTBO 6euie yMtpTBeHO c XpncToc Ha HeroBHsi kpi>ct"
JB „Tpsi6Ba aa 3HaeM, ne npeflHOTO hh ecTecTBO Seuie pa3ni>HaTO c Hero"
ToBa e aophct nACHB hh^hkathb, kohto 03HanaBa „CTapoTO hh ecTecTBO BeAHtac h 3aBHHara 6e
pa3m>HaTO ot ,Hyxa." Ta3H HCTHHa e roKjiiOHHTejiHO Ba>KHa 3a no6e,ziOHOCHHJi xphcthjihckh »chbot. BapBamnre
Tpa6Ba j\a 3HaaT KaKBO e hoboto hm OTHOineHHe c rpexa (b>k. Taji. 2:20; 6:14). CTapoTO na^Hajio ecTecTBO Ha
HOBexa (A^aMOBOTO ecTecTBO) e yMpajio c XpncToc (b»c. ct. 7; E(J)ec. 4:22 h Koji. 3:9). KaTO BapBamn HHe cera
HMaMe H36op 3a rpexa, KaicbBTO A^aivi HMaine b Hanaro™.
H
NASB, NKJV „3a aa ce npnioiiOHH c tsijioto hh b rpsix"
NRSV „3a aa 6i>ae tsijioto hh Ha rpsix yHHiHoaceHo"
TEV „3a aa 6i>ae yHHmpiaceHa cnjiaTa Ha rpeuiHOTO ecTecTBO"
JB „aa yHHu;o5KH rpeuiHOTO tsijio"
naBen H3noji3Ba ^yMara ,/rajio" {soma) b hjikojiko rEHHTHBHH (J)pa3H.
1 . thjio Ha rpexa, Phmji. 6:6
2. TajiOTO Ha Ta3H CMtpT, Phmji. 7:24
3 . TajiOTO Ha njitTTa, Koji. 2:11
naBeji roBopn 3a (J)H3HHecKHa >khbot b to3h cbht Ha rpax h 6yHT. Bi>3KpeceHOTO tsjio Ha XpncToc e thjioto Ha
HOBara enoxa Ha npaB^a (b^k. II Kop. 5:17). npoGjieivrbT He e bi>b (J)H3HHecKOTO H3MepeHHe Ha tjijioto (xaKTO e b
rpi>L(KaTa (JDHjiocoiJDHa), a b rpexa h Gynra. Tsjioto He e 3jio. Xphcthjihctboto yTBtp^aBa BapaTa, ie h Bi)B
BeHHOCira me HMaMe Tejia (b)k. I Kop. 15 rji.). <J>H3HHecKOTO tajio o6aie e 6ohho nojie Ha H3KynieHHa, rpax h
Ce6HHHOCT.
ToBa e aophct nACHB kohiohkthb. cDpasara „npHKjnoHeHO e c Hero" 03HanaBa „Bene He fleiicTBa",
„6e3CHjiHO e", „He e npoziyKTHBHo", a HE „yHHmoaceHo". naBeji MHoro oGiraa Ta3H ^yMa h a H3noji3Ba Ha^
^BaiiceT h neT iti>th. B>k. CnEITHAJIHO noiWTHE ki>m 3:3. HaineTO (J)H3HHecKO tajio e HeyipajiHO b MopanHO
OTHOineHHe, ho b Hero ce pa3rapa HenpecTaHeH ^yxoBeH kohijdjihkt (b>k. ct. 12-13; 5:12-21; 12:1-2).
6:7 „to3h, kohto e yMpsui, toh e onpaBflaH ot rpexa" ToBa e nPH^ACTHE B aophct akthb h itepoekt tiachb
HH/JHKATHB cbc 3HaneHHe: „to3h, kohto e yMpaji, Bene e h me 6i>fle CBo6o^eH ot rpexa." BapBamnre ca hobh
TBopeHHa b XpncToc h Te ca cbo6oahh ot po6ctboto Ha rpexa h ce6HHHOCTTa, Hacjie^eHO ot A^aM (b^k. 7:1-6).
rpi)L(KH)iT TepMHH, npeBe^eH TyK „ocbo6oach", b ntpBHTe rjiaBH ce npeBe^a KaTO „onpaB^aH" (ASV). B
to3h KOHTeKCT „ocbo6oach" 3ByHH ^ajieH no-CMHCJieHO (noAo6HO Ha ynoipeGaTa Ha flyMara b Jlpsm. 13:39).
KoHTeKCTbT onpe^ejia 3HaneHHeTO Ha e^Ha flyMa, a He penHUKbT hjih HHKaKBa npe^BapHTejiHO 3aAa^eHa
TexHHnecKa Ae<J ,HHH y Ha - Ay MHTe MoraT ^a 03HanaBaT Hemo caMO b H3peHeHHH, a H3peHeHHHTa HMaT cmhcbji
caMO b a63ai(H.
107
HHTAT OT BLJirAPCKHfl IimBOR BEPEH — 6:8-11
Ho axo CMe yMpejiH c XpncTOC, BapBaivie, ne h me acHBeeivi c Hero; KaTO 3HaeM, ne XpncTOC, KaTO 6eine
BT>3KpeceH ot MtpTBHTe, Bene He yMHpa; CMtprra Haivia Bene BjiacT Ha,a Hero. Kojikoto p,o TOBa, ie Toh yivipa -
yivipa BeflHt^K 3aBHHarH 3a rpexa, a kojikoto ,zio TOBa, ie >KHBee - ^areee 3a Bora. TaKa h BHe CHHrairre ce6e ch
m^ptbh 3a rpexa, a )khbh 3a Bora b XpncTOC Hncyc, Hanma rocnoa.
HHTAT OT AHrjIHHCKHfl nPEBOA NASB — 6:8-11
8 Now if we have died with Christ, we believe that we shall also live with Him, 9 knowing that Christ,
having been raised from the dead, is never to die again; death no longer is master over Him. 10 For the death
that He died, He died to sin once for all; but the life that He lives, He lives to God. "Even so consider
yourselves to be dead to sin, but alive to God in Christ Jesus.
6:8 „aKo" ToBa e ycjiobho hspe^ehhe ot itlpbh kjiac, KoeTo aBTop^T npneivia 3a BapHo 3a nocjiaHHeTo ch.
Kp^meHHeTO Ha BapBamna Broyajmo OHarjie,ziaBa CMtpira Ha HOBeKa, 3ae^HO c XpncTOC.
H „h Hne me HCHBeeM c Hero" KoHreKCTbT H3HCKBa opHeHrai(Ha „TyK h cera" (b^k. I HoaH 1:7), a He roBopn 3a
HaKaKBO 6i>,aemo cbGhthc Cthx 5 roBopn 3a TOBa, ie Hne cnoaejiaivie civrbpira Ha XpncTOC, a cthx 8 Ka3Ba KaK
cnoaejiaivie h acHBOTa My. TyK BiDK^aivie Hanpe>KeHHeTO Ha GnGjiencKaTa flOKipHHa 3a BoacneTO uapcTBO. To e
eflHOBpeMeHHO TyK h cera, ho h npe,acToamo. Bjiaroflaira Tpa6Ba pa. robqrq p,o caMOKOHTpoji, He e
pa3pemHTejiHO 3a KaKBOTO no>KejiaeM.
6:9 „KaTo 6euie Bi>3KpeceH ot MtpTBHre" ToBa e itpipiacthe b aophct tiachb (b>k. 6:4, aophct tiachb
HH^HKATHB).
Hobhst 3aBeT 3aaBaBa, ie h TpnTe jraua Ha TponuaTa npHCBCTBar bt>b BT>3KpeceHHeTO Ha Hcyc: (1) Jfyx-bT
(b>k. Phmji. 8:11); (2) Chht>t (b>k. HoaH 2:19-22; 10:17-18) h HaH-necTO (3) Oreii (b>k. fleaH. 2:24,32; 3:15,26;
4:10; 5:30; 10:40; 13:30,33,34,37; 17:31; Phmji. 6:4,9). .ZJeiicTBHaTa Ha Oreii yTBtpac^aBaT >KHBOTa, CMtpiTa h
noyneHHeTO Ha Hcyc. ToBa e kjiiohob ejieivieHT b paHHHTe yneHHa Ha anocTOJiHre. Bac. CnEITHAJTHO noiWTHE:
KERYGMA ki>m 1:2.
11
NASB „CMi>pTTa He e Bene rocnoaap Ha# Hero"
NKJV, NRSV „CMi>pTTa Hsiivia Bene BjiacT Haa Hero"
TEV „CMi>pTTa HsiMa Bene aa Bjia^ee Haa Hero"
NJB „CMi>pTTa HsiMa cnjia Haa Hero Bene"
TJIAroJItT kurieud H^Ba ot TepMHHa kurios, kohto 03HaiaBa „co6cTBeHHK", „rocno,aap", „ci>npyr" hjih
„BjiafleTeji". Cera Hcyc Bjiaaee naj\ civrbpira (b^k. Otkp. 1:18). Hcyc e m>pBHaT, kohto npeiynBa cnjiaTa Ha
CMtpira (b>k. I Kop. 15 rji.)!
6:10 „CMi>pTTa, kohto Toh yivipsi, Toil yivipsi 3a rpexa" Hcyc >khbji b rpexoBHHa cbst h MaKap hhto Be,aHi>}K,aa
He cbrpeinn, rpeniHHaT cbst To pa3m>Ha Ha KptCT (b>k. EBp. 10:10). Gvn>pTra, KoaTO Toh noHece BMecTO
xopaTa, OTMeHH H3HCKBaHHaTa Ha 3aKOHa h nocneflCTBHaTa ot Tax (b)k. Tan. 3:13; Koji. 2: 13-14).
H „BeflHi>5K 3aBHHarn" B to3h KOHTeKCT naBeji noanepTaBa pa3ni>BaHeTO Ha XpncTOC. E^HOKparaara civn>pT
ejuecmo rpexa ,aaBa Ha bchhkh BapBanjH no6e,aa Haj rpexa.
EBpen cbiiio noanepTaBa KaK >KepTBara Ha XpncToc e .aocTarbiHa. ToBa eflHOKparao H3pa6oTeHO cnaceHne
h npomeHHe ca nocTHrHara 3a bchhkh 3aBHHarn (b>k. „Be,aHi>}K" [ephapax], 7:27; 9:12; 10:10 h ^e^HbHc
3aBHHarH" [hapax], 6:4; 9:7,26,27,28; 10:2; 12:26,27). Ta3H acepTBa e ,aa,aeHa Be^Hb^K h e nocTHrHana ^yxoBHO
o6HOBjieHHe 3a bchhkh.
108
11 „a skhbot'bt, kohto acHBee, Homee 3a Bora" Jlpere (Jdopmh Ha aophct b cthx 10a KompacTHpaT c ^Bara
HH/nTKATHBA B CErAIIIHO BPEME AKTHB ot cthx 10b. BapBanjHTe yMHpaT c XpncTOc; Te >KHBeaT 3a Bora, npe3
XpncToc. Hejrra Ha 6jiaroBecTHeTO He e caMO npomeHne (onpaB^aHne), a cjiy^ceHne Ha Bora (ocBemeHne).
BapBamnre ca cnaceHH, 3a j\& cnyacaT.
6:11 „TaKa h ene cHHTafiTe ce6e ch mi>ptbh 3a rpexa" ToBa e hmitepathb b CErAEiHO bpeme, /jEnoHEHTEH
rJIAEOJI. ToBa e HenpecTaHHa 3anoBe,n kt>m bchhkh BapBamn. 3HaHHeTO 3a ^ejiOTO Ha XpncToc e kjiiohobo 3a
acHBOTa, kohto BoaHM. JfyMara „CHHTaHre" (b>k. 4:4,9) e 6hji cneTOBOfleH TepMHH etc 3HaneHHe „BHHMaTejiHO
npecMeTHeTe" h cjie,a TOBa fleHCTBairre. CTHxoBe 1-11 pasrjiOK^aT no3HHHaTa Ha HOBeKa b XpncToc
(no3HHHOHajiHO ocBemeHne), flOKaro cthxobc 12-13 noflHepTaBar KaK p,a xo^hm b Hero (HenpecraHHO
ocBemeHne). B>k. CnEiTHAJTHO noiWTHE kt.m 4 cthx.
IJHTAT OT BLJirAPCKHfl nPEBORBEPEH — 6:12-14
H Taica, ji,a He uapyBa rpextT bib BaineTO cmt>ptho Tajio, Ta p,a He ce noKopaBaTe Ha HeroBHre CTpacTH.
H He npe^ocTaBaHTe nacTHre Ha TajioTO ch Ha rpexa KaTO op^na Ha HenpaBflara, a npe^ocTaBaHTe ce6e ch Ha
Bora KaTO o^khbchh ot MtpTBHre h nacTHre Ha tsjioto ch Ha Bora KaTO opbpjm Ha npaB^aTa. 3amoTO rpextT
HaMa r& bh Bjia^ee, noHe^ce He CTe no,a 3aKOH, a noj\ Gjiaroflar.
IJHTAT OT AHrjIHHCKHfl nPEBORNASB — 6:12-14
12 Therefore do not let sin reign in your mortal body so that you obey its lusts, 13 and do not go on
presenting the members of your body to sin as instruments of unrighteousness; but present yourselves to
God as those alive from the dead, and your members as instruments of righteousness to God. 14 For sin shall
not be master over you, for you are not under law but under grace.
6:12 „3aTOBa He no3BOJisiBaHTe Ha rpexa #a uapyBa b cmi>pthoto bh thjio" ToBa e HMIIEPATHB B CErAIIIHO
BPEME, AKTHBEH 3AJIOr C OTPHHATEJIHA ^ACTHIIA, KOaTO o6HKHOBeHO ce H3nOJI3Ba, 3a fla Cnpe HaKaKBO
^eaHHe. /JyMara „Bjia,ziee" ce oraaca j\o 5:17-21 h 6:23. IlaBeji nepcoHH(|)HHHpa hskojiko 6orocjiOBCKH
KOHi(enL(HH: (1) CMtpira Bjia^ee KaTO Hap (b>k. 5:14,17; 6:23); (2) GjiaroAaira Bjia^ee KaTO Hap (b>k. 5:21) h (3)
rpextT Bjia^ee KaTO Hap (b^k. 6:12,14). Hcthhckhst Btnpoc e koh Bjia^ee b >KHBOTa bh? BapBamnre HMaT b
XpncToc CHjiaTa j\& H36npaT! Tpare^naTa 3a OT^ejiHHa HOBeK, 3a HtpKBaTa h 3a Bo>KHeTO uapcTBO Hacn>nBa,
KoraTO BapBamnre H36npaT ce6e ch h rpexa, a b cbhioto BpeMe TbpcaT Gjiaroflaira!
6:13 „He npeflOCTaBHHTe nacTHTe Ha tsijioto ch Ha rpexa" ToBa e HMnEPATHB B CErAEiHO BPEME, AKTHBEH
3AJIOE c OTPHHATEJTHA ^lACTHIIA, KoaTO o6HKHOBeHO ce H3noji3Ba, 3a %& cnpe HaKaKBO fleaHHe. ToBa noKa3Ba
noTeHi(Hajia Ha rpexa b acHBOTa Ha BapBamnre (b>k. 7: 1 h cji.; I HoaH 1:8-2: 1). Ho BapBamnaT MO>Ke h ^a He ce
noKopn Ha rpexa, noHe>Ke HMa hobo OTHomeHHe c XpncToc, CTHxoBe 1-11.
11 „KaTO optflHsi" To3H TepMHH HanoMHa Ha „BoeHHO Btopt^eHHe." HaineTO (J)H3HHecKO Tajio e 6ohho none Ha
H3KyineHHa (b)k. ct. 12-13; 12:1-2; I Kop. 6:20; <J>hji. 1:20). ^Khbotbt hh roaBaBa 6jiaroBecTHeTO npe,a flpyrnre
xopa.
H „a npeaocTaBsiHTe ce6e ch Ha Bora" ToBa e hmtepathb b aophct, akthbeh 3AJIOE, kohto npH30BaBa kim
peniHTejiHH ^encTBHa (bjk. 12:1). npn BapBamnre TOBa ce cnyHBa b MOMenra Ha cnaceHHeTO npe3 Bapa, ho Te
Tpa6Ba j\?l nporbJUKaBar ^a ro Btpinar npe3 Henna ch >khbot.
3a6ejie5KeTe napajiejiH3Ma b to3h cthx.
1 . e^HH EJIAEOJI H flBa HMITEPATHBA
2. MeTa<})opH 3a 6nTKa
a. opt^KHa Ha HenpaB^ara
b. opt^KHa Ha npaBflara
109
3 . BapBamHTe MoraT ,na npcuocTaBJiT TejiaTa ch Ha rpexa huh Ha Bora
IloMHeTe, to3h cthx ce OTHaca fl,o BapBamHTe - H36opi>T npo,zri>jDKaBa; 6HTKara He e CBtpiimjia!
6:14 „rpexi>T HHivia #a bh Bjiaaee" ToBa e oytyp akthb hh/ihkathb (b>k. lie. 19:13), kohto (JDymciiHOHHpa
KaTO hmtepathb: „rpex'bT He Tpa6Ba ,aa bh Bjiaflee!" TpextT He e rocnoaap Ha BapBaniHTe, noHe^ce He Mo^ce ,aa
Bjia^ee Ha,n XpncTOC (b>k. ct. 9; HoaH 16:33).
UHTAT OT EBJITAPCKHfl IIFEBOR BEPEH — 6:15-19
ToraBa KaKBO? fla rpeuiHM jih, 3amoTO He CMe noa, 3aKOH, a noa, 6jiaro,naT? fla He 6i>,zie! He 3HaeTe jih, ne
Ha KoroTO npe^aBaTe ce6e ch KaTO nocjiyniHH cjiyrn, cjiyrn CTe Ha oh3h, Ha KoroTO ce noKopaBare - 6hjio Ha
rpexa, kohto AOKapBa cmt>pt, hjih Ha nocjiyuiaHHeTO, kocto AOKapBa npaB^a? Ho p,a 6jiaro,napHM na Bora, ne
KoraTO 6axTe cjiyrn Ha rpexa, BHe ce noKopnxTe ot ci>piie Ha oh3h o6pa3eii Ha yieHHe, Ha kocto 6axTe o6yieHH,
h KaTO 6axTe ocBo6o,neHH ot rpexa, CTaHaxTe cjiyra Ha npaBflara. no hobchikh roBopa nopa^H cjiaGocira Ha
BainaTa njn>T. 3amoTO, KaKTO npe^aBaxTe nacTHre Ha tjijioto ch 3a cjiyrn Ha HeiHCTOTara h Ha 6e33aKOHHeTO 3a
6e33aKOHHe, TaKa cera npeflairre nacTHre ch 3a cjiyrn Ha npaB^ara 3a cbjitoct.
UHTAT OT AHrjIHHCKHfl nPEBORNASB — 6:15-19
15 What then? Shall we sin because we are not under law but under grace? May it never be! 16 Do you
not know that when you present yourselves to someone as slaves for obedience, you are slaves of the one
whom you obey, either of sin resulting in death, or of obedience resulting in righteousness? 17 But thanks be
to God that though you were slaves of sin, you became obedient from the heart to that form of teaching to
which you were committed, 18 and having been freed from sin, you became slaves of righteousness. 19 I am
speaking in human terms because of the weakness of your flesh. For just as you presented your members as
slaves to impurity and to lawlessness, resulting in further lawlessness, so now present your members as
slaves to righteousness, resulting in sanctification.
6:15 To3H BTopn xHnoTeTHneH B^npoc {(pujiunuKa) MHoro npHjiiraa Ha 6: 1. H ^Bara ca Bi>npocH 3a OTHomeHHeTO
Ha xpHCTHJiHHHa KbM rpexa. Cthx 1 roBopn 3a TOBa, ie 6jraro,naTTa He MO^ce ,aa ce H3noji3Ba Karo pa3peiiiHTejiHO
3a BCHHKO, flOKaTO CTHX 15 Ka3Ba, He XpHCTHJIHHHbT Tpa6Ba J\?L CQ 6opH HJIH J\?L yCTOJIBa Ha oxnejiHHTe npoaBH Ha
rpexa. B cbihoto BpeMe BapBanrHTe Tpa6Ba ,na cjry^ar Ha Bora cera ci>c cbrirna eHTycHa3i>M, KaKTO no-paHO ca
cjiyacHjiH Ha rpexa (b)k. 6: 14).
NASB, NKJV, TEV „ fl a rpeuiHM jih"
NRSV „Tpsi6Ba jih #a rpeuiHM"
JB „ne CMe cbo6oahh #a rpeuiHM"
npeBOHHTe H a Williams h Phillips npe^aBaT to3h AOPHCT AKTHB KOHIOHKTHB KaTO ITPE3EHT AKTHB
KOHIOHKTHB, no no,no6He Ha cthx 1. ToBa He e (JDOKyctT o6ane. BnacTe Apyrirre rrpeBOHH (1) KJV, ASV, NIV -
„me rpeuiHM jih?"; (2) The Centenary Translation - „nre Bi>pmHM jih rpexoBe?"; (3) RSV - „Tpa6Ba jih ,aa
rpeuiHM?" To3h Bi>npoc e eM^arHieH Ha rptiiKH h oiaKBa OTroBop „na". ToBa e (JDHjrHnHKara Ha naBeji 3a
rrpe^aBaHe Ha HCTHHaTa. To3h cthx roaBaBa rpeniHO 6orocjiOBHe ! H naBeji OTroBapa c xapaKrepHOTO ch: ,,/Ja He
6i>,zie." BjiaroBecTneTO Ha 6jraro,naTTa Ha Bora e pa36paHO norpeniHO h H3KpnBeHO ot jn>>KeyHHTejiHTe.
6:16 B^npocbT oiaKBa OTroBop „aa". XopaTa cjiy^Kar Ha HaKoro hjih Ha Henjo. Kofi Bjianee b >KHBOTa bh -
rpextT hjih Bor? Hne cjiy>KHM Ha to3h, Ha KoroTO ce noKopaBaMe (b>k. Tan. 6:7-8).
6:17 „ho aa Sjiaro^apHM Ha Bora" naBeji necTO ennpa, 3a ,aa xBajm Bora. nHcaHHara My H3JiH3aT ot
MOJiHTBHTe My, a Te - ot no3HaBaHeTO Ha 6jiaroBecTHeTO. Bac. CnEHHAJTHO nOHilTHE: XBAJIEHHETO H
BJIATOAAPHOCTTA HA nABEJI nPE^ BOTA kbm 7:25
110
11 „6sixTe... CTaHaxTe" ToBa e hmtepoekt Ha rjiarona „^a Gt^a", kohto onncBa KaKBH CMe 6hjih b MHHajiOTO
(po6H Ha rpexa), cneflBaH ot AOPHCT, H3aBaBam Kpaa Ha Gyhtobhoto cbcroaHHe.
H „noKopHXTe ce ot ctpue Ha oh3h o6pa3eij Ha yneHHe" B to3h kohtckct, TOBa ce OTHaca flo onpaB^aHHeTO
npe3 Bapa, kocto Tpa6Ba j\& bo^h bcckh ^eH flo ynofloGaBaHe Ha XpncTOC. flyMaTa „yHeHHe" ce OTHaca js,o
anocTOJiCKOTO noyieHHe Ha GjiaroBecraeTO.
® „ci>pHe" B^c. CrrnqHAJiHO noroiTHE: CLP LIE ki>m 1:24.
19
NASB „oh3h BHfl yneHne, Ha kohto ce noceeTHXTe"
NKJV „oh3h BHfl yneHne, Ha kohto 6sixTe npeaaaeHH"
NRSV, NIV „Ha BH^a yneHHe, Ha kohto 6sixTe noBepeHn"
TEV „HCTHHaTa b yneHHeTO, kocto nojiyHHXTe"
NJB „Ha o6pa3eua Ha yneHne, kohto bh 6e npeacTaBeH"
|CnEljHAJlHO noHHTHE: BHfl (TUPOS)
npoGjieMtT TyK e .zryMara tupos, kohto HMa mhokcctbo 3HaneHHa.
1. Moulton and Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek New Testament, crp. 645
a. o6pa3eri
b. njiaH
c. (J)opMa hjih HanHH Ha nncaHe
d. flexpeT hjih nocTaHOBjieHne
e. npHCb^a hjih pemeHHe
f. Mo^eji Ha HOBeniKO Tajio KaTO npHHOc Ha 6ora 3a H3HejiaBaHe
g. rjiaroji, kohto Hanara npHjiaraHeTO Ha 3aKOHa
2. Louw and Nida, Greek-English Lexicon, tom 2, CTp. 249
a. 6ejier (b>k. HoaH 20:25)
b. o6pa3 (b>k. fleaHHa 7:43)
c. MOfleji (b>k. EBp. 8:5)
d. npHMep (Bac. IKop. 10:6; cDhji. 3:17)
e. apxeTHn (b>k. Phmji. 5:14)
f. BHfl (b>k. fleaHHa 23:25)
g. ci>Ai>p>KaHHe (b>k. Jlpsnmx 23:25)
3. Harold K. Moulton, The Analytical Greek Lexicon Revised, CTp. 411
a. 6ejier (b>k. HoaH 20:25)
b. onepTaHHe
c. o6pa3 (b>k. J^enmm 7:43)
d. (})opMyjia, cxeMa (b>k. Phmji. 6: 17)
e. (J)opMa, o6m cmhcm (b»c. Jlpsnmx 23:25)
f. (JDHiypa, AySjiHKaT (b^k. I Kop. 10:6)
g. ran (b>k. Phmji. 5:14; I Kop. 10:11)
h. MO^eji (b>k. fleaHHH 7:44; EBp. 8:5)
i. MopaneH npHMep (b)k. cDhji. 3:17; I Coji. 1:7; II Coji. 3:9; I Thm. 4:12; ineT. 5:3)
B T03H kohtckct BapnaHT 1 rorjiOKfla Haii-floG'bp npeBOA- BjiaroBecTHeTO ce npnjiara b HaiHHa Ha
>khbot. Be3njiaTHHHT flap Ha cnacemieTO H3HCKBa ot Hac ^a ^khbccm KaTO XpncToc!
Ill
6:18 „KaTO 6sixTe ocBo6oaeHH ot rpexa" ToBa e itph^cthe B aophct nACHB. BjiaroBecTHeTO ocBoGcDK^aBa
BapBamHTe npe3 Jfyxa c flejiOTO Ha XpncTOC. BapBauiHTe ca cbo6o,hhh KaKTO ot HaKa3aHHeTO 3a rpax
(onpaB^aHHe), Taica h ot po6ctboto Ha rpexa (ocBemeHHe, b)k. ct. 7 h 22).
11 „CTaHaxTe cjijth Ha npaeflaTa" ToBa e AOPHCT nACHB HH/pTKATHB, „6flXTe nopo6eHH 3a npaB^aTa." Bac.
CnEHHAJTHO nOHilTHE kt>m 1:17. BapBaniHTe ca cbo6o,hhh ot rpexa, 3a ,aa cjiyacaT Ha Bora (b>k. ct. 14,19,22;
7:4; 8:2)! U,ejrra Ha Gjiaroflaira e GjiaronecTHBHaT ^khbot. OnpaB^aHHeTO e Cb,zie6Ha npncb^a, ho h nozrTHK kt>m
jiHHHa npaBe^HOCT. Bor ncica ,na hh cnacn h ,na hh npoMeHH, 3a ,aa flocTHraeM .npyrHTe ! Bjiaroflaira He CBtpuiBa
c Hac!
6:19 „no hobcuikh roeopsi nopa/jii cjiaSocTTa Ha BaiuaTa njii>T" IlaBeji ce o6pi>iiia kbm BapBauiHTe b Phm.
flarra roBopn 3a H5ncaia>B MecTeH npo6jieM (peBHOCT Meayry BapBauiHTe KmeH h e3HHHHiiH), hjih 3aaBaBa HCTHHa,
BajiH^Ha 3a bchhkh BapBaiiiH? IlaBeji H3noji3Ba Ta3H (|)pa3a no-paHO b Phmjmhh 3:5, KaKTO h b ranaraHH 3:15.
Cthx 19 e b napaneji etc cthx 16. IlaBeji noBTapa Te3H hcthhh, 3a ,na Ha6jierHe Ha Tax.
Cnope^ HaKOH IlaBeji ce H3BHHaBa, ne e ronojHBan MeTac[)opa 3a po6ctboto. „riopaziH cjiaGocira Ha BamaTa
njn>T" o6ane He ce BnncBa b no,np6HO TbjiicyBaHHe. B m>pBH Bex cji. Xp. po6ctboto He ce pa3rjie>K£a KaTO Hemo
3jio, Hafi-MajiKO b Phm. To e cbBceM HopManHO 3a .neira.
H „njIl>T" B>K. CnEHHAJTHO nOHilTHE KbM 1:3.
11 „3a cbsitoct" ToBa e iiejiTa Ha onpaB^aHneTO (b^k. ct. 22). Hobhht 3aBeT H3noji3Ba flyMara b flBa 6orocjiOBCKH
acneKTa: (1) no3HiiHOHajiHO ocBemeHne, kocto e flap ot Bora (o6eKTHBeH acneicr) h ce flaBa npn cnaceHneTO,
3ae,nHO c onpaBflaHHeTO npe3 Bapa b Xphctoc (b>k. fleaHHa 26: 18; I Kop. 1:2; 6: 11; E(|)ec. 5:26-27; I Coji. 5:23; II
Coji. 2:13; EBp. 10:10; 13:12; I IleT. 1:2) h (2) nporpecHBHO ocBemeHHe, KoeTO e flejio H a Bora npe3 Cbcths
Jfyx, KoraTO acHBOTbT Ha BapBamna ce npoMeHa cnopefl o6pa3a h 3pejiocTTa Ha XpncTOC (cy6eKTHBeH acneicr,
b>k. II Kop. 7:1; I Coji. 4:3,7; I Thm. 2:15; II Thm. 2:21; EBp. 12:10,14). B>k. CnEHHAJTHO nOHilTHE:
OCBEUJEHHE kt,m 6:4
To e e^HOBpeMeHHO flap h 3anoBefl! To e no3HiiHJi (oGckthbho) h fleficTBHe (cy6eKTHBHo) ! To e hh/thkathb
(3aaBjieHHe) h HMITEPATHB (3anoBefl)! flaBa ce b HanajiOTO, ho He flOCTHra m>jiHOTa flo caMHa Kpafi (b>k. cDhji.
1:6; 2:12-13).
IJHTAT OT ELJirAPCKHfl IIPEBOA BEPEH — 6:20-23
3amoTO, KoraTO 6axTe cjiyrn Ha rpexa, He 6axTe noflHHHeHH Ha npaBflaTa. Kaio>B njiofl HMaxTe ToraBa?
Hema, 3a kohto cera ce cpaMyBaTe, 3amoTO icpaflT hm e cm-bpt. Ho cera, ocBo6ofleHH ot rpexa h CTaHajin
cjiyrn Ha Bora, HMaTe njiofla ch 3a cbstoct, a 3a Kpafi - BeneH »chbot. 3amoTO 3anjiaraTa Ha rpexa e CMtpT, a
BoacnaT flap e BeneH >khbot b Xphctoc Hncyc, Hainna rocnofl.
IJHTAT OT AHrjIHHCKHfl nPEBOA NASB — 6:20-23
20 For when you were slaves of sin, you were free in regard to righteousness. 21 Therefore what benefit
were you then deriving from the things of which you are now ashamed? For the outcome of those things is
death. 22 But now having been freed from sin and enslaved to God, you derive your benefit, resulting in
sanctification, and the outcome, eternal life. 23 For the wages of sin is death, but the free gift of God is
eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.
6:20-21 TyK npocTO ce Ka3Ba o6paTHOTO Ha craxoBe 18 h 19. BapBauiHTe MoraT fla cjiy^ar caMO Ha eflHH
rocnonap (b>k. Jlyica 16:13).
6:22-23 Te3H CTHxoBe nporbJiacaBaT jiorHnecKH MHCbjrra etc 3anjiaTaTa, kojito HOBeic nojiynaBa ot to3h, Ha
KoroTO cjiyacH. CjiaBa Bory TOBa pasrjiOKflaHe Ha rpexa h Ha BapBaiiiHTe 3aBT>pinBa c flyMH Ha 6jiaro,ziaT! n^pBO
112
e p,ap"bT Ha cnaceHHeTO ipe3 HaineTO CbyHaerae, a cne,a TOBa e ^aptT H a xpHcraaHCKHa >khbot, othobo c Haine
CbynacTHe. H ^Bara flapa ce nojiynaBar c Bapa h noKaaHHe.
6:22 „HMaTe njioaa ch 3a cbsitoct, a 3a Kpafi - BeneH hchbot" JfyMara „njio,n" ce H3noji3Ba b cthx 21, 3a j\a
H33BH nocjieflCTBHHTa ot rpexa, ho b cthx 22 Bene roBopn 3a pe3yjrrara ot cjiy>K6aTa npe,n Bora.
Henocpe^CTBeHHaT pe3yjiTaT e yno,zio6aBaHeTO Ha XpncTOC. KpaHHara ueji e j\a 6i>,zieM c Hero h KaTO Hero bt>b
BeHHOCTra (b^k. I HoaH 3:2). Ako HaMa HenocpeflCTBeH pe3yjrrar (npoMeHeH >khbot, b^k. ^Ikob 2 rji.), MoaceM
cnoKOHHO j\a nocTaBHM no,a Bi>npoc h KpaiiHHa pe3yjrrar (BeneH >khbot, b>k. MaT. 7 rji.). „HaMa njio^, 3HaiH
HaMaKopeHH!"
6:23 ToBa e o6o6meHHeTO Ha uajiara rjiaBa. naBen npe^CTaBa H36opa b HepHo6ejra KpacKH. H36opi>T e Ham -
rpax h CMtpT hjih 6jiaronar npe3 XpncTOC h BeieH ^khbot. Mhoto npHjiiraa Ha „flBaTa m>Ta" b CTapo3aBeTHaTa
jiHTepaTypa Ha ivrb^pocTTa (ncajiOM 1; np. 4; 10-19; MaT. 7: 13-14).
H „3anjiaTaTa Ha rpexa" TpexbT e nepcoHH(J)HL(HpaH KaTO (1) poGoBjiaziejieH, (2) BoeHeH npeflBoanreji hjih (3)
Hap, kohto njianja 3anjiaTa (b>k. 3:9; 5:21; 6:9,14,17).
H „Bo5khsit flap e BeneH skhbot" /JyMara, npeBe^eHa „flap" {charisma), HMa equina KopeH, rcarcro h „6jiaroflaT"
(charts, bjk. 3:24; 5:15, 16, 17; E(})ec. 2:8-9). B>k. Eejie^KKara npn 3:24.
BtnPOCH 3A OBCB^UAHE
To3h KOMeHTap e caMO p^kobojctbo 3a H3ynaBaHe. ToBa 03HaiaBa, ie Bne caMH Hocnre OTroBopHOCT 3a
HanHHa, no kohto TbjiicyBaTe EnGjinaTa. BceKH ot Hac Tpa6Ba j\a xoan b CBeTjiHHaTa, kohto My e flaneHa.
npnopHTeT npn HHTepnpeTai(HaTa CTe caivraaT Bne, Baniara EnGjina h Cbcthjit Jfyx. He 6nBa p,a npexBtpjiaTe
Ta3H OTrOBOpHOCT Ha KOHTO Hflae KOMeHTaTOp.
HacToaHjHTe Bi>npocH 3a o6cb>KflaHe uejiaT p,a bh noflnoMorHaT p,a o6MHCJiHTe ochobhhtc TeMH b to3h
pa3fleji Ha nocjiaHHeTO. Hejrra hm e j\a npe,aH3BHKaT mhcjih, a He ^a flanar KpaiiHH OTroBopn.
1 . KaK ce OTHacHT .noGpnre ^ejia kim cnaceHHeTO (b»c. E(J)ec. 2:8-9,10)?
2. KaK ce oraaca rpexa b acHBOTa Ha BapBamna kbm cnaceHHeTO (b>k. I HoaH 3:6,9)?
3. Yhh jih rjiaBaTa 3a „6e3rpeineH 6yHT"?
4. KaK ce oraaca 6 rjiaBa ki>m 5 h 7 rjiaBH?
5. 3amo TyK ce roBopn 3a KptmeHneTO?
6. 3ana3Bar jih xpncTHaHHTe CTapoTO ch ecTecTBO? 3amo?
7. KaKBO e 3HaieHHeTO Ha npeo6jiaflaBamHTe rjiarojin b CErAIIIHO BPEME b CTHxoBe 1-14, flOKaTO b
CTHxoBe 15-23 Te ca npe^HMHO b AOPHCT?
113
Phmjihhh 7 rjiaea
PA3AEJIEHHA nO AE3AHH B CBBPEMEHHHTE nPEBO^H
UBS 4
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
JB
IIpHMep ot 6paKa
Cbo6o/hth ot 3aKOHa
IIpHMep ot 6paxa
IIpHMep ot 6paxa
XpHCTHflHHHBT He e
orpaHHHeH ot 3aKOHa
7:1-6
7:1-6
7:1-3
7:1-6
7:1-6
7:4-6
ripoGneMtT
3a Bpo/iemia rpax
TpextT
H3non3Ba 3aKOHa
3aKOHtT h rpextT
3aKOH h rpax
OyHKiiHHTa
Ha 3aKOHa
7:7-12
7:7-12
7:7-12
7:7-11
7:7-8
7:9-11
3aKOHtT He Moxce
j\& cnacn ot rpax
7:12-13
7:12-13
7:13-25
7:13-25
7:13
BtTpeUIHHHT
KOHIJDJIHKT
KoHfJDJIHKTtT
b HOBeica
Bop6aTa 3a £o6poTO
7:14-20
7:14-20
7:14-20
7:21-25a
7:21-25a
7:21-23
7:24-25a
7:25b
7:25b
7:25b
nPOHHT HA TPETH HHKKJI (bsk. CTp. ix)
nPOCJIE/JMBAHE HA ABTOPCKOTO HAMEPEHHE HA HHBO AE3AHH
To3h KOMeHTap e caMO p^kobojctbo 3a H3ynaBaHe. ToBa 03HanaBa, ne BHe caMH Hocnre OTroBopHOCT 3a
HanHHa, no kohto TbjiKyBaTe EnGjinaTa. BceKH ot Hac Tpa6Ba j\a xoan b CBeTjiHHara, koato My e ^aneHa.
IlpHopHTeT npn HHTepnpeTai(HaTa CTe caMHaT BHe, BainaTa EhGjihh h Cbcthht Jfyx. He 6nBa ^a npexBtpjiaTe
Ta3H OTrOBOpHOCT Ha kohto H/jae KOMeHrarop.
nponeTeTe raaBaTa Ha e^HH ffbx. Onpe^ejieTe tcmhtc CtnocTaBeTe BaineTO TeMaTHHHO pas^ejieHHe c
neiTe ctBpeMeHHH npeBO^a no-rope. Pa3AejiaHeTO Ha a63aiiH He e B^txHOBeHO ot Bora, ho e kjiiohobo 3a
npocjie^aBaHeTO Ha aBTopcKOTO HaMepeHHe. A HMeHHO TOBa e b cbpueBHHara Ha HHrepnpeTHpaHeTO. BceKH
a63ai( HMa e^Ha e^HHCTBeHa TeMa.
1 . HbpBH a63ai(
2. Btoph a63ai(
3 . TpeTH a63ai(
114
4. Ht.h.
HABJIIOAEHHfl BLPXy KOHTEKCTA HA CTHXOBE 1-6
A. TjiaBa 7 Tpa6Ba ,na ce pasrae^a (1) b CBeTjiHHaTa Ha raaBa 6, oco6eHO cthxobc 12-14 (cbino 3:20,21-
31; 4:13-16; 5:20); o6ane (2) ei>mo h b KaTO ce HMa npe^BHfl Hanpe>KeHHeTO b pHMCKaTa H>pKBa MOK^y
BapBamHTe c3hhhhl(h h eBpen, kocto CTaBa jibho b rjiaBH 9-11. He e hcho KaicbB tohho e npoGjieivrbT, ho
e BT>3MO>KHO J\?L CQ .TbJDKH Ha:
1 . jieranH3'bM, ocHOBaH Ha MoficeeBHa 3aKOH;
2. k>j\qwtq Ha6jiarar m>pBO Ha MoficeH, cne,a TOBa Ha Xphctoc;
3. Hepa36HpaHe Ha OTHomeHHeTO Ha 6jiaroBecTHeTO kbm eBpeirre;
4. Hepa36HpaHe Ha BpT>3KaTa Me^c^y CTapna h Hobhji 3aBeT;
5. peBHOCT ot CTpaHa Ha BapBamHTe BOnanH eBpen, 3aMeHeHH ot BapBamH C3hhhhl(h cjie,a
HMnepaTopcKHa e^HKT, 3a6paH3Bam bchhkh KyieHCKH pHTyann b Phm. no TOBa BpeMe Bepojrrao
MH03HHa BapBamH K>p,em ca HanycHann rpa^a.
B. Phmjihhh 7:1-6 nporbJEKaBa c (JmryparaBHHa e3HK ot rjiaBa 6 3a oraomeHHeTO Ha xpncTHaHHTe kbm
CTapna hm >khbot. MeTa(f)opHTe ca:
1 . CMtpT h ocBoGo^K^eHHe ot po6ctboto Ha Apyr rocnonap (raaBa 6)
2. cmt>pt h ocBoGoK^eHHe ot 6panHHTe 3affbJTyKemai (raaBa 7)
C. TjiaBH 6 h 7 ca napajiejiHH b jiHTepaTypHO OTHOineHHe; raaBa 6 ce 3aHHMaBa c OTHOineHHeTO Ha
BapBamna kbm „rpexa", a raaBa 7 - c OTHomeHHeTO My kim „3aicoHa". AHajioraaTa 3a CMtpira, kojito
ocBo6o>K£aBa po6a (6: 12-23) e b napaneji Ha Ta3H 3a CMtpira, kojito npeiviaxBa 6panHHTe bp^skh (7:1-6).
Tjiaea 6
Tjiaea 7
6:1 „rpax"
7:1 „3aKOH"
6:2 „yMpejiH 3a rpexa"
7:4 „yMpejiH 3a 3aKOHa"
6:4 „3a ,na xoahm b hob 5khbot"
7:6 „3a aa cjiy5KHM no hobomy b flyxa"
6:7 „kohto e yMpaji, e onpaBaaH ot rpexa"
7:6 „cera HHe CMe ocBo6oaeHH ot 3aKOHa, KaTO
yivipaxMe 3a TOBa, b KoeTO 6>rxMe A*>p>KaHH"
6: 18 „KaT0 6axTe ocbo6oa6hh ot rpexa"
7:3 „cbo6oahh ot 3aKOH"
(ot Anders Nygren's Commentary on Romans, tr. by C. C. Rassmussen, CTp. 268)
D. 3aKOHbT etc CBOHTe nocTaHOBjieHHa e cmt>ptho Haica3aHHe. Bchhkh xopa ca oeb^eHH ot 3aKOHa (b>k.
Phmji. 6: 14; 7:4; Taji. 3:13; E(J)ec. 2: 15; Koji. 2: 14). 3aicoHbT e npoKjurrae.
E. Herapn ca ocHOBmrre TeopHH 3a TbjiKyBaHHe Ha raaBa 7.
1 . naBen roBopn 3a ce6e ch (aBTo6Horpa<J)HHHa)
2. naBen roBopn KaTO npe^CTaBHTeji Ha bchhkh xopa (npe^CTaBHTejiHa, 3jiaroycT)
3 . naBen roBopn 3a onHTa Ha A^aivi (Teo^op MocnyecTHHCKH)
4. naBeji roBopn 3a npe:>KHBJiBaHHjrra Ha H3panji.
F. B MHoro OTHOineHHa Phmjmhh raaBa 7 .aencTBa KaTO Bhthc raaBa 3. Ta noKa3Ba npnTeraTejiHaTa cnjia
Ha 6yHTa flopn 3a OHe3H, kohto no3HaBar Bora. 3HaHHeTO He MO^ce ,na ocbo6o,hh naflHanoTO hobchcctbo;
115
caMO BoacuHTa 6jiaronar, caMO hoboto Cbpue e cnoco6HO Ha TOBa (Hobhht 3aBeT, b»c. EpeM. 31:31-34; E3eic.
36:26-27). A flopn h ToraBa 6op6aTa HenpecTaHHO nporbJiacaBa!
H3CJIE^BAHE HA ^YMH H G>PA3H
UHTAT OT EKJirAPCKHfl UPEBOff,BEPEH — 7:1-3
Hjih He 3HaeTe, 6para - 3amoTO roBopa Ha TaKHBa, kohto 3HaaT icaKBO e 3aKOH - ne 3aicoHbT Bjia^ee Hazi
HOBeKa caMO ^OKaTO toh e >khb? 3amoTO OMt^eHaTa ^ceHa e Bi>p3aHa ipe3 3aicoHa 3a Mbwia ch, ^OKaro toh e
>khb; ho KoraTO mi>}ki>t h yMpe, Ta ce ocBoGoac^aBa ot 3aKOHa Ha Mt^ca. H Taxa, axo wb^KbT h e >khb h Ta ce
omT)}kh 3a flpyr, me 6i>,ne npejno6o^eHKa; ho axo MtacbT h yvipe, Ta e CBoGo^Ha ot to3h 3aKOH h HaMa p,a 6i>,ne
npejnoGofleiiKa, axo ce OMtacn 3a flpyr.
UHTAT OT AHFJIHHCKH5I nPEBOA NASB — 7:1-3
x Or do you not know, brethren (for I am speaking to those who know the law), that the law has
jurisdiction over a person as long as he lives? 2 For the married woman is bound by law to her husband
while he is living; but if her husband dies, she is released from the law concerning the husband. 3 So then, if
while her husband is living she is joined to another man, she shall be called an adulteress; but if her
husband dies, she is free from the law, so that she is not an adulteress though she is joined to another man.
7:1 „(3ampTO roeopsi Ha TaKHBa, kohto no3HaBaT 3aKOHa)" ToBa Mo^ce j\& ce OTHaca ^o: (1) caMO BapBamn
io^ch; (2) KOH(J)jiHKTbT Meac^y BapBamHTe Kmen H e3HHHHHH b pHMCicara H>pKBa; (3) 3aKOHbT b o6hj cmhcbji
KaTO BajiH^eH 3a bchhkh xopa (b>k. 2:14-15); hjih (4) HOBHTe BapBamn e3HHHHHH, kohto HayiaBar 3a BapaTa th
(KaTexH3Hc) ot CTapo3aBeTHHTe nncaHHa.
H „3aKOHi>T" ToBa e ocHOBHa TeMa Ha raaBaTa (b^k. ct. 1,2,4,5,6 h pp.). IlaBeji o6aie H3noji3Ba TepMHHa no
HaKOJiKO pa3JiHHHH HaHHHa. Hsrjie^a TeMaTa My e npe,aH3BHKaHa ot 6:14. JJyMwre My ca napajiejiHH Ha
CTpyKTypaTa Ha 6 rjiaBa. (B)k. Ha6jiK>deHUH Ha KonmeKcma, C.)
3aKOHbT h OTHOineHHeTO My kbm Hobhs 3aBeT b XpncToc ce o6cb>Kfla ei>mo hb3:21-31 h4:13-16.
NASB „3aKOHi>T HMa Bjiacr Haa HOBeKa, aoKaTO toh e hchb"
NKJV „3aKOHi>T Bjia^ee Haa HOBeKa, aoKaTO toh e jkhb"
NRSV „3aKOHi>T o6si>p3Ba HOBeKa caMO ao Kpasi Ha aoiBOTa My"
TEV „3aKOHbT BjiacTBa Haa HOBeKa, caMO aoKaTO toh e hchb"
JB „3aKOHHTe bjihsisit Ha HOBeKa caivio npe3 acHBOTa My"
EyKBajiHO rjiarojn>T 03HaiaBa „Bjiaflea Ha,a" {kurieuo, b)k. 6:9,14). MoiiceeBHaT 3aKOH e^HOBpeMeHHO e
orpoMHO 6jiarocjiOBeHHe (b^k. lie. 19; 119) Hy>KacaBamo npoKjiaTHe (b>k. Fan. 3:13; E(J)ec. 2:15; Koji. 2:14). ripn
(J)H3HHecKaTa cmi>pt ce npeicpaTaBaT 3am>jDKeHHaTa kbm 3aKOHa. Ctmara MeTa(J)opa ce H3noji3Ba h b rjiaBa 6 no
OTHOineHHe Ha CMtpira Ha BapBamna 3a rpexa.
7:2 „OMi>5KeHaTa aceHa" ToBa e ocHOBHara mnocrpaiiHa Ha IlaBeji b CTHxoBe 1-6. B rjiaBa 6 toh roBopn KaK
CMtpira cjiara Kpafi Ha 3am>jDKeHHaTa Ha HOBeKa KaTO po6. TyK Ha (})OKyc e 6paKbT h HeroBHTe 3am>jDKeHHa.
HjnocrpaHiiaTa e o6i>pHaTa, noHe^ce TyK ci>npyn>T e yMpaji, a BflOBHnara MO>Ke ^a ce om^^kh noBTopHO, ^OKaTO
b aHajiornaTa Ha IlaBeji BapBamnaT Tpa6Ba j\& yMpe, 3a j\a MO^ce j\& 6-bp,e >khb 3a Eora.
H „tsi e ocBo6oaeHa" ToBa cbmnaT TJlAroJl, KaKTO b 6:6; toh 03HanaBa „craHaji Hee<J)HKaceH", „HanpaBeH
6e3nojie3eH" hjih „npHKjiiOHeH c Hero". B 6:6 toh e b AOPHCT nACHB, TyK e b nEPOEKT nACHB h 03HanaBa
„ocBo6oAeH e h nie 6i>Ae CBo6oAeH." B>k. CnEnHAJiHO noiMTHE kbm 3:3.
116
7:3 „me 6i>ae npejno6ofleHKa" To3h KOMenrap ce OTHaca ^o KmeficKHa cnop MOK^y paBHHCKHTe ynHjiHuja
IIIaMafi h XHjieji Btpxy BTop. 24:1-4; oco6eHO Btpxy H3pa3a „Hemo jiohio". IIIicojiaTa Xhjicji e jiH6epanHaTa
rpyna, ko>ito no3BOJiaBa pa3BO,aa no BcaKaKbB noBO,a. IIlKOJiaTa IIIaMan e KOHcepBaTHBHa n pa3pemaBa pa3BO,a
caMO npn npejiio6oAeHCTBO hjih flpyra ceKcyanHa HenpncTOHHOCT (b>k. MaT. 5:32; 19:9).
UHTAT OT BLJirAPCKHfl UFEBOR BEPEH — 7:4-6
H Taica, 6paTa moh, BHe cbiiio 6axTe yivrbpTBeHH cnpaMO 3aKOHa npe3 tjijioto Ha XpncTOc, 3a ,aa craHeTe
co6cTBeHOCT Ha flpyr - Ha B^sicpeceHHa ot MtpTBHTe, 3a ^a npnHacaMe njio^ Ha Bora. 3amoro, KoraTO 6axMe b
njitrra, rpexoBHHTe CTpacTH, kohto ce Bi>36y}Kflaxa npe3 3aKOHa, fleficTBaxa b HaniHTe TenecHH Hacra, 3a ,na
6
npHHacHMe njio,zi Ha CMtprra. Ho cera HHe CMe ocBo6o,zieHH ot 3aKOHa, KaTO yMpaxvie 3a TOBa, b kocto 6axMe
Ai>p5KaHH; Taxa ne p,a cjiy^KHM no HOBOMy, b Jfyxa, a He no CTapoMy, no 6yKBaTa.
UHTAT OT AHrjIHHCKHfl nPEBOA NASB — 7:4-6
4 Therefore, my brethren, you also were made to die to the Law through the body of Christ, so that you
might be joined to another, to Him who was raised from the dead, in order that we might bear fruit for
God. 5 For while we were in the flesh, the sinful passions, which were aroused by the Law, were at work in
the members of our body to bear fruit for death. 6 But now we have been released from the Law, having
died to that by which we were bound, so that we serve in newness of the Spirit and not in oldness of the
letter.
7:4 „Bne Cbiuo SsixTe yMtpTBeHn" ToBa ochobhoto nocjiaHne Ha to3h nacaac (n Ha rjiaBa 6). Oraaca ce j\o
aHajiorHjrra b rjiaBa 6 3a xpHcraaHHHa, kohto yivrapa 3a rpexa, KaKTO h caM Xpncroc yMpa (b)k. II JleT. 5:14-15;
Tan. 2:20). BapBamnre ca hobh TBopemui b Xphctoc b Ta3H HOBa epa Ha Jlyxa (b^k. II Kop. 5:17).
H „npe3 tsijioto Ha XpncTOc" ToBa He e 6orocjiOBCKaTa KOHnennna 3a ntpKBaTa KaTO tjijio Xphctobo (bjk. I
Kop. 12:12,27). TyK craBa .nyivia 3a (|)H3HHecKOTO tsjio Ha XpncTOc, KaKTO b 6:3-11, la^eTO npn civrbpira Ha
XpncTOc BapBanjHTe, naeHrac|DHnHpaHKH ce npe3 Kp^meHHeTO, yMHpar c Hero. HeroBaTa CMtpT e h TaxHara
CMtpT (b^k. II Kop. 5:14-15; Tan. 2:20). Bi^KpeceHHeTO My no3BOJiaBa Ha bchhkh ,aa cjiy^caT Ha Bora h Ha
pjpyrwre xopa.
111 „aa npHHacsiMe njioa 3a Bora" ToBa Cbnjo HMa CBoa napajien b rjiaBa 6, oco6eHO 6:22. BapBamnre Bene ca
cbo6oahh npe3 XpncTOc ,zia ce oGBtp^KaT c Hero. ToBa e npozrbJDKeHHe Ha aHanoraaTa Ha 6paica. KaKTO XpncTOc
yMpa 3a BapBamnre, TaKa h Te Tpa6Ba ^a yMpaT 3a rpexa (II Kop. 5:13-14; Tan. 2:20). KaKTO Xpncroc
BtSKptCHa, TaKa h Te ca BT>3KpeceHn 3a hob ,ayxoBeH »chbot Ha cjiy>K6a npe,a Bora (b>k. Phmji. 6:22; E(|)ec. 2:5-6).
7:5
NASB „flOKaTO 6sixMe b njn>TTa"
NKJV „KoraTO 6sixMe b njn>TTa"
NRSV „flOKaTO 5KHBeexivie b njitTTa"
TEV „KoraTO HCHBeexMe cnopea hobcuikoto ch ecTecTBo"
JB „npeflH HauieTO o6pi>meHHe"
To3n cthx KOHTpaerapa CbC cthx 4. CTHxoBe 4 h 6 roBopaT 3a onHTHOCira Ha BapBanjna. Cthx 5 onncBa
„njiOfl , bT" Ha ^KHBOTa 6e3 Eo>KHaTa cnjia (ran. 5:18-24). 3aKOHbT roaBaBa rpexa Ha BapBamnre (ct. 7-9; Tan.
3:23-25), ho He MO>Ke p,a hm p,ap,e cnjiaTa j\a ro npeo,apjieaT.
B KOHTeKCTa TOBa ce oraaca ,zio nazmanoTO h rpenmo ecTecTBo Ha BapBamnre, Hacjie^eHO ot A^aivi (b>k.
6:19). naBen H3noji3Ba TepMHHa sarx no jx&a pa3JinHHH HannHa: (1) rpexoBHaTa npnpozia (erapna hobck) h (2)
(J)H3HHecKOTO Tsjio (b>k. 1:3; 4:1; 9:3,5). TyK e c HeraraBHa HMnjinKaiiHa, ho bidk Phmji3hh 1:3; 4:1; 9:3,5;
TanaTaHH 2:20. njn>TTa/ tsjioto (sarx/soma) He ca jioihh caMH no ce6e en, ho Te, no,ap6HO Ha yMa {nous), ca
117
6ohho none, Macro Ha cGjibcbk MOK^y 3JiHTe chjih Ha to3h cbjit h CBeTHa /Jyx. ElaBeji H3noji3Ba Te3H TepMHHH,
KaKTO ca b CemyarHHra, a He KaKTO rn HaMHpaMe b ^peBHorp'bHKaTa jiHTepaTypa.
H „kohto ce Bi>36y5iyiaxa npe3 3aK(ma" To3H acneKT Ha 6yHTOBHaTa HOBennca npnpozia, kohto pearnpa
arpecHBHO Ha BcaKaKBH orpaHHneHHa, ce Birac^a acHO b Eirrae raaBa 3, Ratcro h y bchhkh xopa flHec. 3aKOHbT
nocTaBa rpaHHHH (b>k. ct. 7-8). Te3H rpaHHHH uejiaT p,a 3amHraT xopaTa, ho Te rn BiDK^ar KaTO BepnrH, KaTO
orpaHHHeHHa. EpexoBHHaT h He3aBHCHM ^yx ce noflKjiasc^a ot Eo>KHa 3aKOH. IlpoGjieivrbT He e b orpaHiraeHHaTa
(3aKOH, B5K. ct. 12-13), a b HOBeniKara He3aBHCHMOCT h eroHCTHHHa npHpo^a.
7:6 „ho cera" HnrepeceH KOMenrap mo^kcm %a bh^hm b Newman and Nida, A Translator 's Handbook on Paul 's
Letter to the Romans:
„BaacHO e j\a ce bh^st napanejiHTe MOK^y CTHxoBe 5 h 6 h BptSKara hm c TOBa, kocto cjie^Ba. Cthx
5 onncBa npe^xpHCTHaHCKO H3>KHBaBaHe, KaTO ctoh b napajien etc 7:7-25; a cthx 6 onncBa HacToamna
>khbot Ha Bapa, BOfleHH ot Eo>khji Jfyx, KaTO TyK BH^K^aMe napajien c 8:1-11" (cTp. 130).
11 „Hne CMe ocBo6oaeHH" EjiarojrbT e b aophct iiachb hh^hkathb. Toh KOHTpacTnpa etc cpe/jeh
HMTEPOEKT HH^HKATHB ot cthx 5. BapBanjHTe ca ^i>p>KaHH ot rpexa fltjiro BpeMe, kocto e roaBaBaHO b
3aKOHa. Cera o6ane Te ca ocBo6o,zieHH ot flyxa npe3 6jiaraTa BecT Ha XpncToc. CtnjaTa ^yivia ce H3noji3Ba h b
cthx 2 3a ^ceHaTa, hhhto Cbnpyr yMHpa.
m „KaTO yivipsixMe 3a Toea, b kocto 6sixMe fltpacaHH" ToBa e b ITPIPIACTHE B AOPHCT AKTHB, nocjie^BaHO ot
HMTIEPOEKT nACHB HH^HKATHB. Hpe3 civrbpira Ha XpncToc, Bor ocBoGoK^aBa BHpBanjHTe ot: (1) npoKjurraeTO
Ha CTapna 3aBeT h (2) BtTpeniHara hm rpexoBHa npnpozia. Ji^nro BpeMe Te ca 6hjih nopo6eHH ot 6yHTa ch
npoTHB H3aBeHaTa Bona Ha Bora, ot naflHajiOTO ch ecTecTBO, ot jihhhh3 ch rpax h ot CBptxecTecTBeffirre
H3KynieHHa (b>k. E(J)ec. 2:2-3)!
H „HOBOMy... CTapoMy" To3h hob flyxoBeH m>T sbho ce oraaca ^o HoBHa 3aBeT (b>k. EpeM. 31:31-34; E3eic.
36:22-32). EtaBeji H3noji3Ba rptipcHa TepMHH „hob" (kainos - kainotes) 3a:
1 . H0BH3 >KHBOT, PhMJIHHH 6:4
2. o6HOBjieHHeTO b flyxa, Phmjihhh 7:6
3 . HoBHa 3aBeT, I KopHHraHH 11:2; II KopHHraHH 3 : 6
4. hoboto TBopeHne, II Kophhtjihh 5:17; EajiaTHHH 6: 15
5 . HOBHa HOBeK, E(J)ecaHH 2 : 1 5 ; 4 : 24
.HyMaTa „CTap" ce oraaca ^o MoficeeBHa 3aKOH h 03HanaBa „HaHbjiHO h3hocch". EtaBeji nporaBonocTaBa
CTapna h Hobhji 3aBeT, KaKTO npaBH h aBToptT Ha EBpen (b>k. 8:7 h 13).
H
NASB, NKJV „TaKa ne aa cjiyacHM b oShobjichhcto Ha ,3,y xa "
NRSV „He CMe po6n Ha CTapnsi nncaH 3aKOH, a b hobhh hchbot b ,3,yxa"
TEV „a b HOBHTe nMHiita Ha ,3,yxa"
JB ,,CBo6oflHii aa cjiyjKHM b hobiih ayxoBeH ni>T"
ToBa e 6yKBanHO „no HOBOMy b ,Hyxa". He e acHO jxaim TOBa ce oraaca ^o o6HOBeHHa HOBeniKH ^yx, hjih ^o
CBeTHa /Jyx. EtoBeHeTO aHrjiHHCKH npeBO^H ro nocTaBaT c rjiaBHa 6yKBa, KoeTO 03HanaBa CBeTHa /Jyx, kohto
o6ane ce cnoMeHaBa b PnMjiaHH 3a m>pBH HbT naK b raaBa 8(15 m>ra). ,HyMaTa „flyx" MO>Ke ^a ce oraaca h ^o
o6HOBeHHa HOBeniKH ^yx, kohto e nojr^HHji cnjia ot 6jiaroBecTHeTO h ot ,Hyxa; b^k. PnMjiaHH 1:4,9; 2:29; 7:6;
8:15; 11:8; 12:11; I KopHHraHH 2:11; 4:21; 5:3,4,5; 7:34; 14:15,16,32; 16:18.
B TeKCTOBeTe Ha EtaBeji „njTbT" h „flyx" necTO ce npoTHBonocraBaT KaTO pa3JiHHHH HanHHH Ha MHCJieHe h
>khbot (b^k. 7:14; 8:4; Ean. 3:3; 5:16,17,25; 6:8). cltoHHecKHaT >khbot 6e3 Bora e „hjtc>t", a ^khbotbt c Bora e
118
„zryx" hjih ,,/Jyx". 06HTaBamH3T Cbcth Jfyx npeBptuja BapBamna b hobo TBopeHHe b XpncTOC (no3HHHOHajiHO
H KaTO OnHTHOCT).
HABJIIOAEHHfl BLPXY KOHTEKCTA HA PHMJIflHH 7:7-25
A. Phmjihhh 7:7-25 roaBaBa HOBeniKa peajiHOCT. Bchhkh xopa, cnaceHH hjih H3ry6eHH, HyBCTBar
Hanpe>KeHHeTO Ha ao6poto h 3jioto b CBoa CBaT h b ebprjara h yMOBeTe ch. B^npocbT TyK e: „KaK ncxa
IlaBeji Hne j\a. pa36npaMe to3h nacasc?" KoHreKCTyajiHO Tpa6Ba ^a ro CBtp^eM c rjiaBH 1: 18-6:23 h 8: 1-
39. Cnope,a hskoh toh roBopn 3a bchhkh xopa h Taica jiHHHara ohhthoct Ha IlaBeji e e^Ha napa^nrMa.
ToBa TbjiKyBaHHe e HapeneHO „aBTo6Horpa(J)HHHa Teopna". IlaBeji H3noji3Ba „a3" b 6e3JiHHeH cmhcbji b I
KopHHTaHH 13:1-3. ToBa 6c3jihhho „a3" MO^ce ^a ce cpemHe h b nncaHHaTa Ha KmeiicKHre paBHHH. Ako
h TyK e TaKa, ToraBa nacaacbT roBopn 3a npexona Ha hobchhtc ot hcbhhhoct npe3 H3o6jiHHeHHe kt>m
cnaceHHe (raaBa 8), „npe,ncTaBHrejiHaTa Teopna".
Cnope,a Apyrn o6ane Te3H cthxobc ce oraacaT ^o TOKKaTa 6op6a Ha BapBamna c rpexoBHOTO ch
HOBeniKO ecTecTBO. ToBa BtTpenmo Hanpe^ceHHe ce Birac^a HaH-^o6pe b ci>pHepa3,ziHparejiHHa bhk ot
cthx 24. B CTHxoBe 7-13 .zjOMHHHpar rjiarojiH b AOPHCT h HMTEPOEKT, ^OKaTO b cthxobc 14-25 Te ca
npe^HMHO b IIPE3EHT h nEPOEKT. ToBa caKain noflKpena „aBTo6Horpa(J)HHHara Teopna" - ne IlaBeji
onncBa co6cTBeHHa ch m>T ot hcbhhhoct npe3 h3o6jihhchhc h npe3 onpaB^aHHe ,zio Tpy^HHa hi>t Ha
HenpecTaHHOTO ocBemeHHe (b>k. autos ego, „caM a3", ct. 25).
Bt>3mo5kho e h ^Bara Bi>3rjie,zia fla ca BepHH. B cthxobc 7-13 h 25b IlaBeji roBopn aBTo6Horpa(J)HHHO,
AOKaTO b CTHxoBe 14-25a nnine 3a BtTpeniHaTa ch 6op6a c rpexa, KaTO xapaKTepHa 3a HajioTO H3KyneHO
HOBenecTBO. He 6nBa j\& 3a6paBaMe 06ane ne Tpa6Ba p,a pasrjie^c^aMe uejina nacaac b CBeTjiHHara Ha
HCTopnaTa Ha naBeji KaTO nocBeTeH h pejiHrH03eH KmeHH npe^H o6HOBjieHHeTO My. OnHTHOCira Ha
naBeji e yHHKanHO HeroBa b TOBa OTHOineHHe.
B. 3aKOHbT e floG^p. Toh ninm ot Bora. Toh BHHarn e cjiy>KHji Ha bhcihh HejiH (b>k. 7:7, 12, 14, 22, 25).
Toh m MOJtce p,a flane MHp hjih cnaceHHe. flaceiiMC CTioapT noKa3Ba napanoKca b mhcjichcto h
TeKCTOBeTe Ha naBeji:
„06hkhobcho ot e^HH hobck, kohto ce e 3aeji ^a H3rpa^H H3uajio hobo mhcjichc h
^OKTpHHa, OHaKBaMe p,a H3aBaBa MaKCHManHO acHO 3HaneHHeTO Ha TepMHHHTe, kohto H3noji3Ba.
OnaKBaMe ,na 6i>,ne npeHroeH Bi)B <J)pa3HTe Ha ochobhhtc ch H^en. H],e H3HCKBaMe, cjie,a KaTO
Be,aHi>}K e ynoTpeGnji fla^eHa ;ryMa c onpe^ejieH cmhcbji, p,a npozrbJDKaBa p,a a H3noji3Ba TaKa h
3aHanpeA- Ho npn naBeji onpeflejieHO me ce pa30HapoBaMe, aKO TbpcHM Henjo hoao6ho.
noBeneTO ot (|)pa3eojiorHaTanpH Hero e c npoMeHjiHB, He TBtp^o ycTaHOBeH cmhcbji... Toh
nnine: „3aKOHbT e cbbt, a a3 ce Hacjiaac^aBaM b 3aKOHa Ha Bora c BtTpeiimHa ch hobck" (b>k.
Phmji. 7:12-13), ho 3bho cbbccm .zrpyr acneKT Ha nomos ro Kapa j\a Hannine Ha ,zrpyro MacTo:
„XpncTOC hh ocbo6oah ot npoKjiaTHeTO Ha 3aKOHa" (b^k. Tan. 3:13)" (James Stewart, A Man in
Christ, CTp. 26).
C. Eto TeKCTOBHTe CBH^eTejiCTBa b OTroBop Ha Bi>npoca: ,„ZJ,aJiH naBeji roBopn 3a cnaceHH, hjih HecnaceHH
xopa b CTHxoBe 14-25?":
1 . HecnaceHHaT hobck
a. ToBa e TbjiKyBaHHeTO Ha paHHHTe irbpKOBHH othh
b. Cjie^HHTe (J)pa3H noflKpenaT TOBa CTaHOBHme
(1) „a3 CbM OT njTbT", CTHX 14
(2) „npoflaneH b po6ctbo Ha rpexa", cthx 14
(3) „b MeH He >KHBee hhhjo ^o6po", cthx 18
(4) „npaBH Me 3aTBopHHK Ha 3aKOHa Ha rpexa, kohto e b nacTHTe mh", cthx 23
(5) „OKaaH a3 hobck! Koh me Me H36aBH ot TajiOTO Ha Ta3H cmi>pt?", cthx 24
119
c. HenocpeflCTBeHHjiT kohtckct Ha raaBa 6 e, ne HHe CMe cbo6o,hhh ot Bjiacrra Ha rpexa.
KoHTeKCTbT Ha raaBa 8 3anonBa c „h TaKa".
d. Otcbctbhcto Ha icaKBOTO h ,na 6hjio cnoMeHaBaHe Ha Jfyxa Ha XpHcroc, naic ,np Kpaa Ha Henna
nacaac (ct. 25).
2. CnaceHHaT HOBeK
a. ToBa e TbjiKyBaHHeTO Ha ABrycraH, KanBHH h Tpa^HiiHaTa Ha Pe(|)opMaiiHjrra
b. Cjie^HHTe (J)pa3H nonKpenaT to3h B-b3Tnep,:
(1) „3HaeM, ne 3aKOHbT e ,ayxoBeH", cthx 14
(2) „cbrjiaceH ct>m etc 3aKOHa h npH3HaBaM, ne toh e floG'tp", cthx 16
(3) „np6poTO, KoeTO >Kejiaa, He Btpina...", cthx 19
(4) ,,61)6 BtTpeiiiHOTO ch ecrecTBO a3 ce Hacjiaac^aBaM b Eo>khji 3aKOH", cthx 22
c. Mama6HH3T kohtckct Ha Phmjmhh nocTaBa raaBa 7 b pa3,nejia 3a c-CBemeHHeTO.
d. ilBHaTa npoMHHa Ha rjiarojiHHTe BpeMeHa ot HMTEPOEKT h AOPHCT b cthxobc 7-13 kbm
nocToaHHa ynoTpe6a Ha CErAIIIHO BPEME b cthxobc 14-24 roBopn 3a pa3JiHneH h hob momcht b
acHBOTa Ha IlaBeji (t. e. oGptmeHHeTo).
D. Kojikoto noBene BapBamnaT ce onHTBa ,na 6T>,zie KaTO XpncTOC, TOJiKOBa noBene 0Cb3HaBa CBoaTa
rpexoBHOCT. To3h napa^OKC ,ap6pe ce BnncBa b KOHTeKCTa h b jiKHHOCira Ha IlaBeji (KaKTO h Ha
noBeneTO BapBamH).
Eto e^HH cthx ot jiyTepaHCKH xhmh:
3a hhkoh, Eo^ce, HaMa MHp,
He e CBo6oAeH hhkoh ot rpexa;
h cjia6nTe ca HaH-,ap6pHTe Th cjiyrn,
Te BIDK^aT CBOHTO rpeHIHO eCTeCTBO.
(HeH3BecTeH aBTop)
IJHTAT OT ELJirAPCKHfl UFEBOR BEPEH — 7:7-12
ToraBa KaKBO ,aa KasceM? 3aKom>T rpax jih e? fla He 6i>,zie! Ho a3 He 6hx no3Han rpexa, ocbch npe3 3aKOHa;
3amoTO He 6hx 3Haeji no>KejiaHHe, aKO 3aKOHbT He 6eme Ka3an: „H e noacejiaBaH." Ho rpextT, KaTO H3noji3Ba
BT>3MO>KHOCTTa npe3 3anoBe,zrTa, npoH3Be,zie b MeH BCJocaKBO noacejiaHne; 3amoTO 6e3 3aKOH rpextT e MT>pTbB. H
a3 HaKora 6ax ^khb 6e3 3aKOH, ho Koraro Aoitne 3anoBe,zrTa, rpextT o^khbh, a hi>k a3 yMpax; h caMaTa 3anoBe,a,
,na,zieHa 3a >khbot, mh ce OKa3a 3a cmt>pt. 3amoTO rpexbT, KaTO H3noji3Ba BtsMO^KHOcira npe3 3anoBe,ziTa, Me
H3MaMH h Me yvrbpTBH npe3 Hea. TaKa ne 3aKOHbT e cbst h 3anoBe,zrTa - cBaTa, cnpaBCnnHBa h ,np6pa.
IJHTAT OT AHrjIHHCKHfl nPEBOA NASB — 7:7-12
7 What shall we say then? Is the Law sin? May it never be! On the contrary, I would not have come to
know sin except through the Law; for I would not have known about coveting if the Law had not said,
„You SHALL NOT COVET." 8 But sin, taking opportunity through the commandment, produced in me
coveting of every kind; for apart from the Law sin is dead. 9 I was once alive apart from the Law; but when
the commandment came, sin became alive and I died; 10 and this commandment, which was to result in life,
proved to result in death for me; "for sin, taking an opportunity through the commandment, deceived me
and through it killed me. 12 So then, the Law is holy, and the commandment is holy and righteous and good.
7:7 „ToraBa KaKBO aa Kaaceivi?" naBen othobo noneMa CBoaTa (J)HjiHnHKa (b>k. 6: 1,15; 7: 1,13).
11 „3aKOHi>T rpsix jih e?" E,hhh ot napa^OKCHre Ha otrpobchhcto e b TOBa, ne Eor H3noji3Ba CBeTOCira h
AoGpoTara b 3aKOHa Karo orjie^ajio, kocto ,aa h33bh rpexa, 3a ,aa jipBems naAHanoTO HOBenecTBO p,o noKaaHHe h
Bapa (b>k. ct. 12-13; Ean. rji. 3). Cbiup TaKa e HHrepecHO, ne 3aKOHbT npo,zi>.rDKaBa ,aa .aeHCTBa npn
ocBemeHHeTO, ho He h npn onpaB^aHHeTO !
120
111 ,,/Ja He 6i>fle!" XapaKTepeH noxBaT Ha riaBeji 3a OTpHnaHe Ha norpeniHO cxBanjaHe (b^k. ct. 13; 3:4,6,31;
6:2,15; 9:14; 11:1,11; Tan. 2:17; 3:21).
H „HanpOTHB" JlHTepaTypHHaT CTHJI Ha IlaBeji B PhMJI3HH BKJIIOHBa CHJIHH KOHTpaCTH, KOHTO J\2L H33B3T H^eHTe
My (bk. 3:4,6,31; 6:2,15; 7:13; 9:14; 11:1,11).
H „a3" Ox6ejie5KeTe kojiko hi>th ce noaBaBar jihhhhtc MecTOHMeHHa „a3", „MeH" hjih „mh" b cthxobc 7-25. IU,e
ce H3yMHTe. EpoaT hm e Ha,a hcthphhcct.
11 „He 6hx no3Haji rpexa, oceeH npe3 3aKOHa" ToBa e cpe,a kjhohobhtc nacaacn, kohto noKa3BaT MoiiceeBHa
3aKOH KaTO orjieflano, kocto roaBaBa rpexa Ha HOBeKa (b>k. 3:20; 4:65; 5:20; Tan. 3:14-29, oco6eHO cthx 24).
HapymaBaHeTO Ha e^Ha TOHKa ot 3aKOHa e HapymaBaHe Ha 3aBeTa, kocto bo^h cjie,a ce6e ch onpe^ejieHH
nocjie^CTBHa (b>k. ct. 10 h .Hk. 2: 10)!
H „ocBeH npe3 3aK(ma" ToBa e ycjiobho hspe^iehhe ot btoph kjiac; kocto ce Hapiraa „npoTHBHo Ha (JDaKra".
IlaBeji e h3o6jihhch 3a rpax. ToBa e e,aHHCTBeHaTa ynoTpe6a Ha no,no6Ha rpaMaranecKa (J)yHKL(Ha b PnMjiaHH.
IlaBeji a H3noji3Ba b TanaTaHH 1:10; 3:21, KaKTO hbI KopHHTaHH 2:8; 5: 10; 1 1:31, h bib II KopHHraHH 12: 1 1.
® „HE noaCEJIABAH" ToBa e nacT ot nocjie^HaTa ot ^eceTTe Eoaai 3anoBeAH (b>k. H3x. 20:17; BTop. 5:21). Ta
roBopn 3a npaBHjiHO othohichhc, kocto Ha npaKTmca o6e,ziHHaBa h bchhkh ocraHajiH (b^k. MaT. rji. 5-7). 3aKOHbT
necTO ce npe^CTaBa KaTO „3anoBe,Tra" (b^k. ct. 8,9,11,12,13). J\$m&t& „no>KejiaBaM" 03HanaBa „p,a o6i>pHa
CbpueTO ch kbm" hjih „chjiho p,a HCKaM". Bor e flan Ha xopaTa (cnaceHH h H3iy6eHH) MHoro ^o6pH Henja b
TBopeHneTO, ho Hne necTO HCKaMe noBeie ot rpammHTe, kohto Toh e nocTaBHji. „HcKaM noBeie, Ha BcaKa
ueHa" CTaBa moto 3a MH03HHa! A3-i>t e yacaceH THpamiH! B>k. CnElTHAJTHO noHilTHE: EEJIE5KKH BBPXY
H3XOA 20 TJIABA ki>m 13:8-9
7:8
NASB, NKJV „H3nOJI3Ba BI>3M05KHOCTTa"
NRSV „rpa6Ba Bi>3M05KHOCTTa"
TEV „H3noji3Ba uiaHca"
JB „Bt3noji3Ba ce ot"
ToBa e 6hji bochch TepMHH, H3noji3BaH 3a 6a3aTa Ha Aa^eHa onepauiia (b>k. ct. 8 h 11). B KonreKCTa toh ce
nepcoHajiH3Hpa (b>k. ct. 9,1 1). TpexbT ce npe^CTaBa KaTO BoeHHa onepai(Ha (b>k. ct. 1 1), BO^eHa ot m>jiKOBO,neii
(bk. ct. 11 h 17; 6:12, 14, 16).
11 „6e3 3aKOH rpexi>T e mi>pti>b" TpextT e 6yHT npoTHB BoacnaTa BOJia (b>k. Phmji. 4:15; 5:13; I Kop. 15:56). B
Ta3H (J)pa3a HaMa rjiaroji; Tpa6Ba ^a ce Ao6aBH. Ako ^o6aBHM TaKbB b CErAIIIHO BPEME, me nonyHHM
yHHBepcaneH npHHHiin. Ako ^o6aBHM rjiaroji b AOPHCT, me ce oraaca kohkpctho 3a >KHBOTa Ha IlaBeji.
7:9 „a3 HsiKora 6six skhb" ToBa mo>kc ,na e IlaBeji KaTo: (1) ^eTe, b HeBHHHHTe ch toahhh hjih (2) nocBeTeH
(JDapnceii, npe^H HCTHHaTa Ha 6jiaroBecTHeTO ^a CTHrHe j\o CbpueTO My (b>k. fleaH. 23:1; cDhji. 3:6; II Thm. 1:3).
n^pBOTO npeflCTaBa „aBTo6Horpa<J)HHHaTa Teopna" Ha TbjiKyBaHHe Ha rjiaBa 7, a btopoto - „npeACTaBHTejiHaTa
Teopna".
11 „KoraTO flOHfle 3anoBeflTa, rpexi>T oaciiBsi, a a3 yivipsix" ByHTOBHHaT ^yx Ha xopaTa ce no^Kjiaac^a ot
3a6paHHTe. „He npaBn" b Bo>KHa 3aKOH pa3najiBa ce6nHHaTa rop^ocT Ha naflHajiOTO HOBeiecTBO (b>k. Bht. 2:16-
17; 3:1-6). BiDKre KaK rpextT npofl'bJDKaBa ^a ce nepcoHH(J)HL(Hpa, KaKTO b 5:21 h 7:8,1 1,17,20.
121
7:10 „3anoBeflTa, aaaeHa 3a hchbot, ce OKa3a cmi>pt 3a mch" ToBa Bepojrrao e npenpaTKa kim o6emaHHeTO b
JleBHT 18:5 hjih Bepojrrao Phmjmhh 2:13. 3aKOHbT o6emaBa Henjo, kocto He Moace ^a h3iti>jihh, ho He 3amoTO e
rpeineH, a 3amoTO xopaTa ca cjia6n h Gyhtobhh no npnpozia. 3aKOHbT ce npeBptma b cmt>ptho Haica3aHHe (b>k.
ran. 3:13; E(J)ec. 2:15; Koji. 2:14).
7:11 „H3MaMH Me h Me yMtpTBH npe3 Hesi" JJpara rjiarona ca b AOPHCT AKTHB HH^HKATHB. JfyMara
„H3MaMH" ce H3noji3Ba b LXX 3a EBa b Eirrae 3:13. IlaBeji ro ynoTpe6aBa hjikojiko hi>th (b>k. Phmji. 16:18; I
Kop. 3:18; II Kop. 11:3; II Coji. 2:3; I Thm. 2: 14). YlpodjiembT Ha AflaM h EBa ci>mo e noacejiaHHeTO (b^k. II Kop.
11:3; I Thm. 2:14). Te yMHpaT ^yxoBHO, noHeace He ce noKopaBar Ha Eo>KHaTa 3anoBefl. 3apaflH TOBa yMHpaT h
IlaBeji, h BCHHKHxopa (1:18-3:20).
7:12 TyK IlaBeji yTBtpac^aBa, ne 3aKOHbT e floG'tp. He b Hero e npoGjieivrbT. riapanejiHaTa CTpyKTypa Ha IlaBeji
06ane kohto H3noji3Ba „rpax" b rjiaBa 6 h „3aKOH" b rjiaBa 7, Bepojrrao e npeAH3BHKajia Kmenre BapBamn -
jieranHCTH (cjiaGnTe ot 14:1-15:13) b pnMCKaTa H>pKBa.
IJHTAT OT ELJirAPCKHfl UFEBORBEPEH — 7:13
ToraBa TOBa jih, kocto e flo6po, cTaHa cm^pt 3a MeH? fla He 6-bp,e\ Ho rpexbT, 3a ^a ce noKa3Ba, ne e rpax,
mh npHHHHH CMtpT npe3 TOBa ^o6po Henjo, Taxa ne npe3 3anoBeflTa rpexbT p,a CTaHe MHoro no-rpexoBeH.
IJHTAT OT AHrjIHHCKHfl nPEBOA NASB — 7:13
"Therefore did that which is good become a cause of death for me? May it never be! Rather it was sin,
in order that it might be shown to be sin by effecting my death through that which is good, so that through
the commandment sin would become utterly sinful.
7:13
NASB „rpexi>T, 3a aa ce noKa3ea, ne e rpsix... rpextT Tpsi6Ba aa CTaHe KpafiHO rpexoeeH"
NKJV „rpexi>T, 3a ce bhtjh, ne e rpsix... Tpsi6Ba aa CTaHe H3KjiH)HHTejiHO rpexoBeH"
NRSV „3a aa ce h3sibh rpexi>T KaTO rpsix... rpexoBeH OTBtfl npeflCTaBHre"
TEV „3a aa ce h3sibh hcthhckoto My ecrecTBO KaTO rpsix"
JB „rpexi>T, 3a aa ce bh^h b HCTHHCKaTa My CBeTjiHHa... ycnsi jj,a ce h3sibh b usuiaTa ch rpexoBHa
CHjia"
3jioto ecTecTBO Ha rpexa hcho ce Birac^a b TOBa, ne toh B3eMa Henjo TOJiKOBa ^o6po, itbiiho h cbsto KaTO
MoficeeBHa 3aKOH (b>k. nc. 19, 119) h ro o6pi>ma b HHCTpyMeHT 3a octac^eHHe h cmt>pt (b>k. E(J)ec. 2:15; Koji.
2:14). naAHanHTe xopa ce onHTBar p,a OTHecaT ^o6pHTe ^apoBe Ha Eora otbt>,zi nocTaBeHHTe hm orpaHHneHHa!
3a6ejie5KeTe ,aBeTe hinct (uejieBH) Kjiay3H.
a „MHoro no-rpexoBeH" B>k CnEqHAJIHO noiMTHE: CJI02KHH /JYMH C IIPE^CTABKATA „HUPER-"
kt>m 1:30.
IJHTAT OT EBJirAPCKHfl UPEBORBEPEH — 7:14-20
3amoTO 3HaeM, ne 3aKOHbT e ^yxoBeH; a m>K a3 CbM ot njrc>T, npoflafleH no,a rpexa. 3amoTO He 3Haa
KaKBO npaBa; noHeace He Btpma TOBa, KoeTO HCKaM, a OHOBa, KoeTO Mpa3a, Hero Btpma. Ho axo Btpma TOBa,
KoeTO He HCKaM, CbM cbraaceH etc 3aKOHa, ne e floG^p. H Taica, cera Bene He a3 Btpma TOBa, a rpextT, kohto
>KHBee b MeH. 3amoTO 3Haa, ne b MeH, ToecT b Moara njrbT, He >KHBee hhhjo ,no6po; noHeace acejiaHne 3a
Ao6poTO HMaM, ho He h CHjia j\& ro Btpma. 3amoTO ao6poto, KoeTO acejiaa, He Btpma; a 3jioto, KoeTO He
>Kejiaa, Hero Btpma. Ho axo Btpma TOBa, KoeTO He >Kejiaa, to Bene He ro Btpma a3, a rpextT, kohto aaraee b
MeH.
IJHTAT OT AHrjIHHCKHfl IIPEBOA NASB — 7: 14-20
122
14 For we know that the Law is spiritual, but I am of flesh, sold into bondage to sin. 15 For what I am
doing, I do not understand; for I am not practicing what I would like to do, but I am doing the very thing I
hate. 16 But if I do the very thing I do not want to do, I agree with the Law, confessing that the Law is good.
17 So now, no longer am I the one doing it, but sin which dwells in me. 18 For I know that nothing good dwells
in me, that is, in my flesh; for the willing is present in me, but the doing of the good is not. 19 For the good
that I want, I do not do, but I practice the very evil that I do not want. 20 But if I am doing the very thing I
do not want, I am no longer the one doing it, but sin which dwells in me.
7:14 „3aKOHi>T e ayxoBeH" Etokhht 3aicoH e floG'tp. ripoGjieivrbT He e b Hero (b>k. ct. 12 h 16b).
II „a3 ci>m ot njii>T" IlaBeji H3noji3Ba to3h TepMHH b: (1) HeyTpaneH cmhcbji, KaTO „(J)H3HHecKOTO tjijio" (b>k.
1:3; 2:28; 4:1; 9:3,5); h (2) KaTO HeraTHBHa HMnjimcaHHa 3a nazmanoTO ecTecTBO HanoBeuHTe b A^aivi (b>k. ct. 5).
He e cbBceM scho Koe ot ^BeTe 3HaneHHa ce H3noji3Ba TyK.
III „npoaaaeH b po6ctbo Ha rpexa" ToBa e ITPIFIACTHE B ITEPOEKT IIACHB h 03HanaBa „Bhji ct>m h onje ct>m
npoAaneH KaTO po6 Ha rpexa." IpexbT othobo e nepcoHH(J)HL(HpaH, TyK KaTO poGoBjiaflejieii. BtpniHTejiaT Ha
nACHBHHil 3AJlor He e aceH. Mo>Ke ^a e CaTaHa, rpexbT, IlaBeji hjih Bor.
B CTapna 3aBeT ocHOBeH TepMHH 3a TOBa KaK Bor npHBjiHHa xopaTa o6paTHO npn Ce6e Ch e „H3KynBa" hjih
„ocBo6o>KflaBa" (h bchhkh tcxhh chhohhmh). ntpBOHanajiHO TOBa 03HanaBa „KynyBaM o6paTHo" (h bchhkh
chhohhmh; b>k. CnEITHAJTHO nOHilTHE kt>m 3:24). OGparaara KOHHeni(Ha e (J)pa3aTa TyK: „npo,ziazieH b ptueTe
Ha..."(BK.Cifl. 4:2; 10:7; IUape 12:9).
7:15-24 Bo>KHHTe fleua HMaT „6o)KecTBeHa npnpozia" (b)k. II IleT. 1:4), ho cbhio TaKa h na^Hana npnpozia (b>k.
Taji. 5:17). TpextT 6h Tpa6Bajio j\a. e Bene o6e3CHjieH (b>k. Phmji. 6:6), ho HOBeuiKaTa ohhthoct cjie^Ba raaBa 7.
EBpenTe Ka3BaT, ne b cbpueTO Ha BceKH HOBeK HMa e^HO 6hjio h e^HO nepHO Kyne. ToBa, KoeTO xpaHHM Hafi-
necTO, me CTaHe no-rojiaMO.
KoraTO neTa to3h nacaac, a3 nyBCTBaM 6ojiKaTa Ha IlaBeji b onncaHHeTO Ha e>Ke,aHeBHHJi kohcJdjihkt Me^K^y
^BeTe ecTecTBa. BapBanjHTe ca cbo6o^hh ot naflHanoTO ch ecTecTBO, ho BT>npeKH TOBa Hne npozrbjDKaBaMe ^a ce
no^AaBaMe Ha H3KynieHH5rra My. HecTO Han-TeacKHTe ^yxoBHH 6htkh 3anoHBar cjie^ cnaceHHeTO. 3pejiocTTa e
TbpceHe Ha BceKH^HeBHO o6meHHe c tphczihhhhji Bor h BceKH^HeBHa 6op6a etc 3jioto.
7:16,20 „aKo" ToBa ca ycjiobhh H3PE4EHHE ot itlpbh kjiac, pa3rjie:>KflaHH ot nepcneKTHBaTa Ha aBTopa 3a
uejiHre My b TeKCTa.
7:18 „3Hasi, ne b MeH, ToecT b MOsiTa iutst, He Homee hhiho ao6po" IlaBeji He Ka3Ba, ne (J)H3HHecKOTO rano e
3jio, a ne to e 6ohho none Me^y naflHanoTO ecTecTBO h Boacna /Jyx. TptHKHTe (Jdhjiocoijdh Ka3BaT, ne thjioto,
KaKTO h BcaKa Marepna, e 3jio. OiraM ce pa3BHBa flyajracTHHHaTa epec Ha rHOCTHHH3Ma (b»c. E(J)ecaHH,
KojiocaHH h I HoaH). FbpHHre o6BHHaBaT 4>H3HHecKOTO 3a CBOHTe ^yxoBHH npo6jieMH. IlaBeji He pasrjieac^a
flyxoBHHa koh(J)jihkt no TaKtB HanHH. Ton nepcoHH(J)HL(Hpa rpexa h H3noji3Ba 6yHTa Ha xopaTa npoTHB Boacna
3aKOH KaTO BT>3MO>KHOCT 3a 3JIOTO fla HaCTbnH B HOBeiHKara npHpO^a. JfyMZLTa „njTbT" B TeKCTOBeTe Ha IlaBeji
MO>Ke p,a 03HanaBa: (1) (|)H3HHecKOTO tjijio, KoeTO e HeyTpanHO b MopanHO OTHOineHHe (b>k. 1:3; 2:28; 4:1; 9:3,5)
h (2) naflHajiara rpexoBHa npnpozia, Hacjie^eHa ot A^aM (b>k. ct. 5).
7:20 „rpexi>T, kohto Homee b mch" HnrepeceH (J)aKT e, ne Phmjihhh roBopn TOJiKOBa necTO 3a rpexa Ha xopaTa,
ho CaTaHa ce cnoMeHaBa 3a m>pBH m>T e^Ba b 16:20. Hne He Mo^ceM p,a bhhhm CaTaHa 3a npo6jieMa c rpexa.
HMaMe H36op. TpextT e nepcoHH(J)HL(HpaH KaTO Hap, TnpaHHH, po6oBjia,ziejieii. Ton hh H3KyinaBa h hh Kapa j\&
TbpcHM He3aBHCHMOCT ot Bora, ^a H33BHM ce6e ch Ha BcaKa ueHa. IIepcoHH(J)HKaLiHHTa Ha rpexa h Bpi>3KaTa c
H36opa Ha HOBeKa npn IlaBeji OTpa3aBa BnTHe 4:7.
123
IlaBeji H3nan3Ba TepMHHa „}KHBee" hjikojiko rrbTH b Ta3H rjiaBa (b)k. ct. 17,18,20). FpexoBHOTO ecTecTBO He e
yHHmo>KeHO hjih npeMaxHaTO npn cnaceHHeTO, to CTaBa caMO noTeHHHajiHO 6e3CHjiHO. J\aim me ocTaHe
3aBHHarH 6e3CHjiHO 3aBHCH ot HaineTO ^Kejiamie p,a cbTpyaHHHHM c flyxa b Hac (b^k. 8:9,11). Bor e flan Ha
BapBaniHTe bchhko Heo6xo^HMO 3a 6op6aTa c nepcoHH(|)HHHpaHOTO (6yKBajiHo) h jihhho (CaTaHa h ^eMOHHTe)
3jio. ToBa e npHCbCTBHeTO h cnjiara Ha Cbcthh ,Hyx. KoraTO npneMeM Eokhji 6e3njiaTeH flap Ha cnaceHHeTO, c
Hero Hne nojiynaBaMe h 3amHTaTa Ha CBeTHa Jlyx. CnaceHHeTO h xphcthjihckhji >khbot ca BceKHflHeBeH npouec,
kohto 3anoHBa h CBtpuiBa c BcaKO eflHO peineHHe Ha BapBanjHTe. Bor hh e flan bchhko Heo6xoflHMo: Jfyxa
(Phmji. 8 rji.), flyxoBHOTO Bceopt^Kne (E(J)ec. 6: 1 1), OTicpoBeHHeTO (E(J)ec. 6: 17) h MOJiHTBaTa (E(})ec. 6: 18).
EHTKara e >KecTOKa (Phmji. 7 rji.), ho BOHHara e cneiejieHa (Phmji. 8 rji.).
IJHTAT OT BLJirAPCKHfl UFEBOR BEPEH — 7:21-25
H Taxa, HaMnpaM to3h 3aKOH, ne npn MeH, kohto ^cejiaa fla Btpma flo6poTO, 3jioto npncbCTBa. 3amoTO,
kojikoto 3a BtTpeniHOTO mh ecTecTBO, a3 ce Hacjiaac^aBaM b Etokhji 3aKOH; ho b nacTHre Ha tjijioto ch BiracflaM
pa3JiHneH 3aKOH, kohto BoiOBa npoTHB 3aKOHa Ha yMa mh h Me 3apo6Ba nofl 3aKOHa Ha rpexa, kohto e b nacTHTe
mh. OKaaH a3 hobck! Koh me Me H36aBH ot TOBa tjijio Ha CMtpira? Ejiaroflapa Ha Bora ipe3 Hncyc XpncTOC,
Hainna Focnofl! H TaKa, caM a3 c yMa cjiyryBaM Ha Btokhji 3aKOH, a c njitira - Ha 3aKOHa Ha rpexa.
IJHTAT OT AHrjIHHCKHfl nPEBOA NASB — 7:21-25
21 I find then the principle that evil is present in me, the one who wants to do good. 22 For I joyfully
concur with the law of God in the inner man, 23 but I see a different law in the members of my body, waging
war against the law of my mind and making me a prisoner of the law of sin which is in my members.
24 Wretched man that I am! Who will set me free from the body of this death? 25 Thanks be to God through
Jesus Christ our Lord! So then, on the one hand I myself with my mind am serving the law of God, but on
the other, with my flesh the law of sin.
7:22 „Eo2khh 3aKOH" 3a Kmenre TOBa 03HaiaBa MoiiceeBHa 3aKOH. 3a flpyrnre e: (1) CBHfleTejicrBOTO Ha
npHpoflara (b>k. Phmji. 1:19-20; lie. 19:1-6); (2) BtTpenmara cbBecr h Mopan (b>k. Phmji. 2:14-15) h (3)
06meCTBeHHTe HOpMH H 3aKOHH.
H
NASB „BBB BfcTpeUIHHH HOBeK"
NKJV „cnopefl BtTpeimmsi hobck"
NRSV, NJB „b Haii-cbKpoBeHOTO b mch"
TEV „MoeTO BtTpeuiHO ecTecTBO"
IlaBeji npoTHBonocTaBa Bi>HiiiHHa HOBeK (<J)H3HHecKOTo) Ha Bi>TpeiiiHHa HOBeK (flyxoBHOTo) bi>b II
KopHHTaHH 4:16. B to3h KOHTeKCT (J)pa3aTa roBopn 3a OHa3H nacr Ha IlaBeji hjih Ha cnaceHOTO HOBenecTBO,
KoaTO yTBtpac^aBa EoacHjrra bojis h 3aKOHa.
1 . „3aKOHbT e flyxoBeH", 7:14
2. „TOBa, KoeTO HCKaM fla Btpuia", 7:15
3. „ci>rjiaceH cbm ci>c 3aKOHa h npn3HaBaM, ne toh e flo6i>p", 7:16
4. „HMaM )KejiaHHe", 7:18
5 . „flo6poTO, KoeTO acejiaa", 7: 19
6. „3jioto, KoeTO He >Kejiaa, Hero Btpma", 7: 19
7. „Bi>piiia TOBa, KoeTO He >KejiaH", 7:20
8. „kohto >Kejiaa fla Btpuia flo6poTC>", 7:21
9. „Hacjia>KflaBaM ce b Bokhs 3aKOH", 7:22
10. „3aKOHa Ha yMa mh", 7:23
11. „caM a3, c yMa ch, cjiyryBaM Ha Eokhji 3aKOH", 7:25
FjiaBa 7 roaBaBa, ne 3HaHHeTO 3a Bora h HeroBOTO cjiobo He e flOcrarbHHO. BapBanjHTe ce HyacflaaT ot Jfyxa
(rjiaBa 8)!
124
7:23 ObmecTByBa sbch KOHTpacT Meac^y 6:2, 8:2 h 7:23. To3h cthx noKa3Ba KaK IlaBeji H3noji3Ba TepMHHa
„3aKOH" (nomos) 3a: (1) 3aicoHa Ha rpexa (b^k. ct. 21,25) h (2) 3aKOHa Ha Bora (b>k. ct. 22, 25). Ilo-paHO, b
CTHxoBe 4,5,6,7,9 h 12, toh H3noji3Ba TepMHHa 3a OrapHH 3aBeT. IlaBeji He e CHCTeMaraneH 6orocjiOB. Ton ce
6opn c KOHHeni(HaTa 3a „3aKOHa". Ot e^Ha CTpaHa TOBa Bo^KneTO OTKpoBeHHe, nyzjeceH ^ap 3a xopaTa, ho ot
Apyra e OHOBa, KoeTO AC(J)HHHpa rpexa h >icho roaBaBa rpaHHHHTe, kohto nazmanoTO HOBeiecTBO He MO^ce j\2l
cna3H. Te3H rpaHHnn He ca e,aHHCTBeHO cTapo3aBeTHOTO OTKpoBeHHe, a bchhkh MopanHH paMKH: ecTecTBeHOTO
OTKpoBeHHe (b>k. IlcajiOM 19; Phmji. 1:18-3:31) hjih conHajimrre hopmh h 3aicoHH. XopaTa ca 6yHTOBHH h HCKar
caMH ^a MoraT ^a KompojiiipaT >KHBOTa ch!
7:24 Mo>Ke jih TOBa j\a. e TBtp^eHHe Ha cnaceH hobck? Hhkoh Ka3BaT, ne He h oiraM 3aKjnoHaBar, ne uajiaTa
raaBa roBopn 3a MopajiHH, pejinrH03HH, ho HecnaceHH xopa. flpyrn Ka3BaT, ne p,a - h TOBa 0Tpa33Ba
Hanpe>KeHHeTO Ha eBaHrejineTO, Ha „Beie h He ome" b >KHBOTa Ha BapBamnre. EcxarojiorHHHOTO H3m>jiHeHHe
ome He e roaBeHO. 3pejiHTe BapBaujH ycenjaT Ta3H pa3JiHKa MHoro chjiho.
H
NASB „tsuioto Ha Ta3H cmi>pt"
NKJV, NRSV „TOBa tsijio Ha CMtpTra"
TEV „TOBa tsijio, KoeTO Me bo^h icbm cmi>pt"
NJB „TOBa tsijio, octfleHO #a yivipe"
<I>H3HHecKOTO Tsjio h ywbT He ca 3jih caMH no ce6e ch. Te ca cbTBopemi ot Bora 3a »chbot Ha Ta3H 3eMa h 3a
o6meHHe c Hero. Te ca o6aBeHH 3a „MHoro floGpn" (b>k. Bht. 1:31). Ho b rjiaBa 3 Ha Bhthc BH^c^aMe KaK
HOBeRtT ce npoMeHa h c TOBa ce CMeHa h nejrra Ha Bora. ToBa He e cbctbt, KaKbBTO Bor ro e npe^BH^Hji h HHe
He CMe xopaTa, KaKBHTO Bor hh e ci>tbophji. TpextT rona-no npoMeroi TBopeHHeTO. Toh B3eMa Henjo ^o6po h ro
npeo6pi>ma b ce6nHHO 3jio. Thjioto h ywbT CTaBa 6ohho none 3a H3KyineHH3Ta h rpexa. naBeji chjiho nyBCTBa
Ta3H 6nTKa! Toh KonHee 3a HOBara epa, 3a hoboto tjijio h hoboto o6meHHe c Bora (b^k. 8:23).
7:25 ToBa e o6o6meHHe h npexoa kbm no-BHCOKHTe H^en Ha Phmjihhh raaBa 8. Ho flopn h b raaBa 8 me bh^hm
CbiijOTO Hanpe^ceHHe, KaKTO h b cthxobc 5-11.
B^npocbT npe,a TbjiKyBaTejiHTe ochobho ocTaBa cjieflHHjrr: Ha Koro roBopn naBeji?
1 . Ha ce6e ch h onHTHOcira ch c KmaroMa
2. Ha BCHHKH XpHCTHJIHH
3 . Ha AnaM KaTO npHMep 3a bchhkh xopa
4. Ha H3panji h KaK toh no3HaBa Ha 3aKOHa, ho He ycroraa p,a My ce noKopn
Cnopefl MeH ca e^HOBpeMeHHO BapnaHT 1 (ct. 7-13,25b) h BapnaHT 2 (ct. 14-25a). (B>k. Hadjiwdemia, Ha
KOHmeKcma e-bpxy Pumjirhu 7:7-25.) BojiKaTa h aroHHara b 7 ra. ce paBHaBar h flopn 6jie,aHeaT npe,a BejiHHHeTO,
KoeTO hh ce OTKpHBa b 8 rji. !
® „6jiaroaapsi Ha Bora" B>k. CnEqHAJIHO noiMTHE no-AOJiy.
| CnEUHAJlHO noHHTHE: XBAJIEHHETO H EJIArOflAPHOCTTA HA nABEJI IIPEfl EOTA
naBeji necTO xBann Bora. Toh no3HaBa OrapHa 3aBeT. BceKH ot ntpBHre nerapH pa3,ziejia (t. e. KHHrn)
3aBi>piiiBa c ^OKCOJiorna (b>k. nc. 41:13; 72:19; 89:52; 106:48). naBeji npocjiaBa h H3^Hra Bora no
H3K0JIK0 pa3JIHHHH HaiHHa:
1 . HanariHHTe .zjyMH Ha nncMara
a. yBoamrre 6jiarocjiOBHH h no3^paBH (b>k. Phmji. 1:7; I Kop. 1:3; II Kop. 1:2)
b. yBoamrre 6jiarocjiOBeHHa (eulogetos, b>k. II Kop. 1:3-4; E(J)ec. 1:3-14)
2. KpaTKH h36jihl(h Ha xBaneHHe
a. Phmjihhh 1:25; 9:5
125
b . II KopHHTHHH 11:31
3. flOKcanorHH (xapaKTepH3HpaHH ot ynoTpe6aTa Ha: (1) doxa (t. e. „cjiaBa") h (2) „3aBHHarH")
a. Phmjihhh 11:36; 16:25-27
b. E(J)ecaHH 3:20-21
b. cDhjihiihhh 4:20
c. I Thmotch 1:17
d. II Thmotch 4:18
4. GjiaroflapHOCTH (eucharisted)
a. b HananoTO Ha nncMara (b>k. Phmji. 1:8; I Kop. 1:4; II Kop. 1:11; E(})ec. 1:16; <I>hji. 1:3; Koji.
1:3,12; I Coji. 1:2;IICoji. 1:3; Ohjihmohct. 4; IThm. 1:12;IIThm. 1:3)
b. npH3HB 3a 6jiaroAapHOCT (b>k. E(J)ec. 5:4,20; <I>hji. 4:6; Koji. 3:15,17; 4:2; I Coji. 5:18)
5 . KpaTKH h36jihhh Ha 6jiaroAapHOCT
a. Phmjihhh 6: 17; 7:25
b. I KopHHTaHH 15:57
c. II Kophhthhh 2: 14; 8: 16; 9: 15
d. I CojiyHHH 2:13
e. II ConyHHH 2:13
6. 6jiarocjiOBHH b Kpaa Ha nncMaTa
a. Phmjihhh 16:20,24(7)
b. I Kophhthhh 16:23-24
c . II Kophhthhh 13:14
d. ranaTHHH 6:18
e. E(J)ecHHH 6:24
IlaBeji no3HaBa tphcahhhhh Eor 6orocjiOBCKH h ot jihhch onHT. Ton 3anoiBa nHcaffiurra ch c MOJiHraa
h xBajieHHe. Ilo cpe^ara Ha nncMaTa toh npeKbCBa TeiccTa 3a xBajieHHe h 6jiaro,ziapHOCTH. B icpaa BHHarn
ce mojih, xBajiH h Gjiaro^apH Ha Eora. TeiccTOBeTe Ha IlaBeji ^HinaT c MOJiHraa, XBajieHHe h
6jiaroflapHOCTH. Toil no3HaBa Eora, no3HaBa h ce6e ch, no3HaBa h 6jiaroBecTHeTO.
BLnPOCH 3A OECL5K3AHE
To3h KOMeHTap e caMO p^kobo^ctbo 3a H3yiaBaHe. ToBa 03HaiaBa, ie Bne caMH Hocnre oitobophoct 3a
HanHHa, no kohto TbjiicyBaTe EnGjinaTa. BceKH ot Hac ipa6Ba ^a xoan b CBeTjiHHaTa, koato My e ^aneHa.
ripnopHTeT npn HHrepnpeTaHiraTa CTe caMHjrr Bne, Baniara Eh6jih5i h Cbcthjit ,flyx. He 6nBa p,a. npexBtpjiaTe
Ta3H OTrOBOpHOCT Ha KOHTO Hflae KOMeHTaTOp.
HacToaHjHTe Bi>npocH 3a oGcb^aHe hcjijit ^a bh nozinoMorHar ^a o6mhcjihtc ochobhhtc tcmh b to3h
pa3Aeji Ha nocjiaHHeTO. Uejrra hm e j\& npe,aH3BHKaT mhcjih, a He j\& ^a^ar KpaiiHH OTroBopn.
1 . KaK ce OTHaca rjiaBa 6 ki>m rjiaBa 7?
2. KaKBO e OTHOineHHeTO Ha CTapo3aBeTHHa 3aicoH ki>m HOB03aBeTHHTe BapBaujH? (b>k. II Kop. 3:1-11; EBp.
8:7, 13)
3. Koh ca flBeTe HjiiocTpaHHH, kohto IlaBeji H3noji3Ba b rjiaBH 6 h 7, 3a j\a. onnine OTHOineHHeTO hh ki>m
CTapna >khbot?
4. KaK ce OTHaca xphcthjihhhi>t ki>m MoiiceeBHa 3aKOH?
5. 06acHeTe etc co6ctbchh ^yMH pa3JiHKara Me^y aBTo6Horpa<J)HHHaTa h penpe3eHTaTHBHaTa Teopna b
TbjiKyBaHHeTO Ha Phmjishh 7:7-25.
6. KaKBO cnopefl Bac onncBa Phmjmhh 7 rjiaBa - H3iy6eH HOBeK, He3paji BapBam hjih bchhkh BapBaujH?
126
Phmjihhh 8 rjiaea
PAJflEJIEHHfl nO AE3AHH B CBBPEMEHHHTE IIPEBOflH
UBS 4
NKJV
NRSV
TEV JB
JKhbot b flyxa
OcBo6o^eHH
ot rpexa b Hac
Eo)KHeTO cnacHTenHO JKhbot b flyxa JKhbotlt Ha flyxa
8:1-11
8:1-11
8:1-4
8:1-8 8:1-4
JKhbot B njTBTTa
h b flyxa
8:5-8 8:5-11
8:9-11
8:9-11
PyxbT
Ha OCHHOBJieHHeTO
8:12-17
8:12-17
8:12-17
8:12-17 8:12-13
Ecokhh ne/ja
8:14-17
Et/jemaTa cnaBa Or crpa/jaHiie
KtM cnaBa
Ha/je^K/jara
3a H3ntJiHeHHeTO
EtfleiHara cnaBa CnaBaTa
KaTO Hania ci>fl6a
8:18-25
8:18-30
8:18-25
8:18-25 8:18-25
8:26-30
rtoMom
b Hamara HeMom
8:26-27
8:26-27 8:26-27
Eor hh e npH30Baji
Ha cno/jejTHMe
HeroBaTa cnaBa
8:28-30
8:28-30 8:28-30
EcDKiBrra jiio6ob
8:31-39
EcBKIBITa BeHHa
jiio6ob
8:31-39
HaniaTa yBepeHOCT
b Eoxicrra jik)6ob
8:31-39
EoacnaTa jhoGob Xhmh Ha EoxnaTa
b XpncToc Jicyc hk)6ob
8:31-39 8:31-34
8:35-37
8:38-39
IIPOHHT HA TPETH HHKBJI (b»c. CTp. ix)
nPOCJIEJJXBAHE HA ABTOPCKOTO HAMEPEHHE HA HHBO AE3AHH
To3h KOMeHTap e caMO p'skobojctbo 3a H3yHaBaHe. ToBa 03HaHaBa, ne Bne caMH Hocnre OTroBopHOCT 3a
HanHHa, no kohto TbjiKyBaTe BnGjiiMTa. BceKH ot Hac Tpa6Ba ^a xo/ni b CBeTjiHHaTa, kosto My e jiajieiia.
IIpHopHTeT npn HHTepnpeTanHHTa CTe caMHHT BHe, BaniaTa EhGjihh h Cbcthht fl,yx. He Giraa aa
irpexBipjiaTe Ta3H OTroBopHOCT Ha kohto h %a e KOMeHTarop.
IIpoHeTeTe rnaBaTa Ha emm rt>x. Onpe^ejieTe TeMHTe. CinocTaBeTe BanieTO TeMaTHHHO pa3AeneHHe c
neTTe ci>BpeMeHHH npeBOAa no-rope. Pa3AejiHHeTO Ha a63anH He e B^txHOBeHO ot Bora, ho e kjhohobo 3a
127
npocnenaBaHeTO Ha aBTopcicoTO HaMepemie. A hmchho TOBa e b cbpneBHHara Ha HHrepnpeTHpaHeTO. BceKH
a63au HMa enna enHHCTBeHa TeMa.
1 . rh>pBH a63au
2. Btoph a63au
3. TpeTHa63au
4. H T.H.
HABJIIOflEHHfl BI.PXY KOHTEKCTA
A. Ta3H rnaBa e KyjiMHHaiiHaTa Ha Te3aTa Ha IlaBeji, 3anoHHaTa b 1:18. Ta 3anoHBa c ,,6e3 ocT>5KneHHe"
(3aKDHOBaTa nocTaHOBKa) h 3aBi>pniBa c „6e3 pa3neneHHe" (jihhho oGmemie". BorocnoBCKH
nocoKaTa e ot onpaBnaHHe npe3 ocBememie kt>m npocnaBaHe (bjk. 29-30 ex).
B. ToBa e GorocnoBCKOTO oGacHemie Ha IlaBeji Ha naBaHeTO Ha flyxa Ha BapBanjHTe (bjk. icaic HoaH
npencTaBa TeMaTa b HoaH 14: 12-31; 16:7-16). JfyxbT e neiicTBamoTO nnue Ha TJlAroJlA B nACHB ot
cthx 14, kohto roBopn KaK GnaroBecTHeTO 05KHBaBa b 5KHBOTa Ha naAHanHTe xopa. JJyXLT 5KHBee c
Tax h b Tax h me 3anoHHe na (Jtopivinpa Xphctoc b Tax. DiaBa 8 H3noji3Ba TepMHHa „ayx", pneuma,
Han 21 ni>TH, no Rare b rnaBa 7 toh H3uano OTCbCTBa (KaKTO h b rnaBH 3-6, a b rnaBH 1-2 ce cpema
caMO Tpn ni>TH).
C. B 5KHBOTa HMa npe nepcneKTHBH (BT>3raenH 3a 5KHBOTa), npa HanHHa Ha 5KHBOTa, npa npnopHTeTa,
npa m>Ta (nrapoKHaT h TecmiaT), kohto xopara MoraT na cnenBaT - tjk Te ca nm>TTa h fl,yxa.
E^hoto Bonn no cmi>pt, a npyroTO - kt>m 5KHBOT TpanHHHOHHO Te ce HapiwaT „ABaTa m>Ta", OT
CTapo3aBeTHaTa jiHTepaTypa Ha MT>npocTTa (bjk. IIcajiOM 1 h lip. 4:10-19). BenmiaT jkhbot,
5khbott>t b Jlyxa HMa bh^hmh xapaKTepHCTHKH (x e. b nm>T hjih no flyxa).
3a6ene5KeTe, ne b Henna GorocnoBCKH kohtckct CaTaHa HamjiHO OTCbCTBa (bjk. Phmji. 1-8 rji.). B
Phmjdihh toh ce cnoMeHaBa 3a m>pBH m>T ensa b 16:20. Ha (JtOKyc TyK e nanHanoTO AnaMOBO
ecTecTBO Ha xopaTa. no to3h HanHH naBen OTXBT>pjia H3BHHemiaTa Ha nanHanHTe xopa (Hanp.:
„fl,aBOJTbT Me HaKapa na ro HanpaBa!") 3a OTnaBaHe Ha 6yHTa npoTHB Bora Ha CBp-bxecTecTBeHoro
H3KyineHHe. HoeeKbm caM e bhhob6h!
D. Mhoto TpynHO e na ce o6o6iuh Ta3H rnaBa, tt>h KaTO MHCbJiTa ce pa3BHBa npe3 HaKonKO hhiiikh Ha
MHCBJiTa, CBi>p3aHH c noBTapamn ce mothbh ot npenHH rnaBH, ho 6e3 o6oco6eHH KOHTeKCTyanHH
enHHHHH.
E. CTHxoBe 12-17 nocoHBaT Ha BapBamna npH3HauHTe Ha HCTHHCKaTa Bapa
1 . npoMeHeH CBeroraen h HanHH Ha jkhbot, nocTHrHaT npe3 flyxa.
2. 3aMaHaTa Ha CTpaxa ot Bora c nyBCTBO Ha ceMeraa o6hh npe3 flyxa.
3. BT>TpeiiiHa yBepeHOCT 3a CHHOBHOCTTa hh npe3 oGHTaBamna b Hac Cbcth JJyx.
4. CHrypHOcrra Ha TOBa yBepeHHe nocpen npoGneMHTe h CTpanamiaTa Ha to3h nanHan CBax
F. CTHxoBe 31-39 ca CT>ne6Ha cneHa, xapaKTepHa nHTepaTypHa TexHHKa 3a CTapo3aBeTHHTe npopouH.
Bor e CtniiaTa, CaTaHa e oGBHrnrrenaT, Hcyc e anBOKarbT (pctrctcletos), aHrenHTe ca 3pHTenHTe, a
BapBanjHTe xopa ca nocTaBeHH icaro oGBHHaeMH.
1 . 3aKOHOBH TepMHHH
a. npoTHB Hac (3 1 ct.)
b. oGBHHaBa (33 ct.)
c. onpaBnaBa (33 ct.)
d. ocT>5Kna (34 ct.)
128
e. 3acrbnBa ce (34 ct.)
2. o6BHHeHne ,,koh" (31, 33, 34 [Tpn m>TH], 35 ct.)
3. EOJKHH npOMHCbJI B XpHCTOC (32, 34b ct.)
4. HHMa OT/iejieHHe ot Bora
a. 3eMHH oGcToaTejiCTBa (35 ct.)
b. CTaposaBeTeH naca5K ot IlcajiM 44:22 (36 ct.)
c. noGe/ia (37,39 ct.)
d. CBpixecTecTBeHH oGcraaTejiCTBa hjih cpe^CTBa (37-39 ct.)
H3CJIEflBAHE HA flYMH H OPA3H
HHTAT OT EBJITAPCKHJI IIPEBOfl B£P£i7 — 8:1-8
1 H TaKa, cera mma HHKaKBO 0CT>5K/iaHe 3a ohc3h, kohto ca b Xphctoc Hncyc. *■ 3amoTO 3aKom>T Ha
5KHBOTBopamiM Ay x b XpHCTOC HHcyc Me ocboGoah ot 3aKOHa Ha rpexa h Ha CM-bprra. ■* IloHe5Ke TOBa,
KoeTO Genie hcbi>3mo5kho 3a 3aKOHa nopa/pi TOBa, ne Genie cna6 npe3 mrbTra, ro h3bt>pihh Bor, KaTO H3npaTH
CnHa Ch b run>T, cbinp KaTO rpexoBHara nin>T, 3apaAH rpexa h ocbah rpexa b mrbTra, ^ 3a ^a ce H3m>jiHHT
H3HCKBaHH3Ta Ha 3aKOHa b Hac, kohto xoahm He no nin>T, a no flyx. * 3amoTO Te3H, kohto ca njn>TCKH, ce
CTpeMaT kt>m njiiTCKOTo; a Te3H, kohto ca /ryxoBHH - kt>m /ryxoBHOTO. " IiOHe5Ke CTpeMe5KbT Ha mrbTra e
cmi>pt; a CTpeMe5KbT Ha flyxa - 5khbot h MHp. ' 3amoTO CTpeMe5KbT Ha mrbTra e Bpa5K#a npoTHB Bora,
noHe5Ke He ce noKopaBa Ha Eojkhji 3aKOH, hhto m>K M05Ke. ° H Te3H, kohto ca b njn>Tra, He MoraT j\a yroflHT
Ha Bora.
HHTAT OT AHDIHHCKHfl IIPEBOfl NASB — 8:1-8
1 Therefore there is now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus. ^For the law of the
Spirit of life in Christ Jesus has set you free from the law of sin and of death. ^For what the Law could
not do, weak as it was through the flesh, God did: sending His own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh
and as an offering for sin, He condemned sin in the flesh, ^so that the requirement of the Law might be
fulfilled in us, who do not walk according to the flesh but according to the Spirit. ^For those who are
according to the flesh set their minds on the things of the flesh, but those who are according to the
Spirit, the things of the Spirit. *>For the mind set on the flesh is death, but the mind set on the Spirit is
life and peace, ^because the mind set on the flesh is hostile toward God; for it does not subject itself to
the law of God, for it is not even able to do so, ^and those who are in the flesh cannot please God.
8:1
NASB „n TaKa, cera"
NKJV, NRSV „cera, b TaKtB cnyHaii"
TEV „cera"
JB „iipiiHiniara cera"
ToBa hh Bp-bina kt>m npe^HHa KonreKCT. CnopeA hhkoh TOBa ce OTHaca ao 7:24-25, ho H3rjie5KZia no-
Ao6pe %a ro oraeceM ome no-Ha3aa, kt>m 3:21-7:25.
b „HHMa" „HHMa" e m>pBaTa ayivia b rp-bincoTO ropeHemie. Tx e eMiJiaTHHHa, „miMa oeb5KAeHHe" 3a OHe3H b
Xphctoc (b5k. 1-3 ct.) h 3a Te3H, kohto xoa>it no flyxa (b5k. 4-11 ct). ToBa ca ABeTe CTpaHH Ha hobhh 3aBeT:
(1) toh e 6e3nnaTeH ^ap b Xphctoc h (2) toh H3HCKBa 3aBeTeH ottobop, npoMjma Ha 5KHBOTa.
OnpaB/iaHHeTO e e/nroBpeMeHHO oGeKTHBHO (HH^HKATHB) h cyGeKTHBHO (HMITEPATHB). To e roaBjieHHe h
HaHHH Ha 5KHBOT.
H „ocbacfleHiie" flyMaTa katakrima He ce H3non3Ba necTO b CenTyarHHTa, ho HanoMiw 3a npoKjiHTHero 3a
HeH3ni>jiHeHHe ot BTopo3aKOHHe 27:26. ToBa 03HaHaBa „HaKa3aHHe cnea cb^eGHa npHCbaa". ToBa e
129
lopH/ppiecKHJi aHTOHHM Ha onpaB/iaHHeTO. He ce cpema necTO b nHcamiJiTa Ha IlaBen (bjk. 5:16,18), hhto
K-b^eTO Hjae apyraAe b Hobhh 3aBex
npeBOAtT KJV Ao6aBa ki>m cthx 1 : „kohto He xoa^t no njn>T, a no fl,yxa." Ta3n (J)pa3a He ci>inecTByBa b
MH05KecTBO rpi>HKH piKonncH b cthx 1. UBS^ AaBa CTeneH „A" Ha jmncaTa ft b cjrynaa (craypHo). Ta ce
noaBaBa b cthx 4. B cthx 1 e GorocjiOBCKH Ham>jmo HeonpaB/iaHa, ho ci>BceM Ha msctoto ch b cthx 4.
CraxoBe 1-3 pa3rjie5K#aT no3HHHOHajmoTO ocBemeHne (HH^HKATHB), AOKaTO craxoBe 4-11 pa3rjie5K/iaT
onHTHOTO ocBemeHne hjih xpHCTonoAoGneTO (HMITEPATHB). BiDKre 6ene5KKaTa Ha YHjiaM Hk>i>ji:
„PeBH3HpaHOTO H3AaHHe npaBHjiHO npeMaxBa <J)pa3aTa „kohto He xoa^t no njn>T, a no flyxa ". Ot
BpeMeTO Ha npeBO^a King James npe/ni noBene ot 300 toahhh ca otkphth MH05KecTBO
HSKjiiOHHTejiHO tohhh h /rpeBHH rpi>HKH piKonHCH, a MH03HHa HCKpeHH h Goroyro/nni Mi>5Ke ca ce
3axBamajiH c Te5KKaTa, ho njiOAOTBopHa 3apgna %a nonpaBaT rpeniKHTe, noaBHjm ce b npenncHTe.
KaKTO bchhkh 3HaeM, Hne HaMaMe opHrHHajiHHTe piKonHCH Ha IiHcaHHeTo: Bor GjiarocicjiOHHO rn e
CKpHJI OT TBOpeHHS, TOJIKOBa CKJIOHHH KIM H^OJIOnOKJIOHCTBO, KaKBHTO CMe HHe, XOpaTa.
Cthx 1 ipa6Ba #a 3aBi>piHH c /ryMHre „b Xphctoc Hcyc" no nerapH iiphhhhh: (1)
CBH/ieTejiCTBaTa Ha rpi>HKHTe piKonHCH ca H3uajio b non3a Ha npeMaxBaHeTO Ha <J)pa3aTa „kohto He
xoaat no njrtT, a no flyxa" ot cthx 1 - KaKTO h bchhkh Te conax ne Ta3H (J)pa3a TpaGBa ^a ce
bkjuohh b 4 cthx. (2) B /ryxoBHO OTHOHieHHe ci>mo TpaGBa aa ce H3nycHaT, noHe5Ke, aico ce BKjnonaT
b cthx 1, TOBa 6h nocTaBHjio cnrypHOCTTa hh b Hac caMHTe, a He b Eojkhji fl,yx. Ho bchhkh, kohto
ca b XpncTOC Hcyc, ca cnacemi ot oci>5KZieHHeTO, KaKTO jicho ce 3aaB3Ba HaBcaKb/ie b nocjiaHHHTa.
B npoTHBeH cjrynaii cnrypHOCTTa hh me 3aBHCH ot HaniHTe ^encTBHa, a He ot msctoto hh b
XpncTOC. (3) H3peHeHHeTO jibho ctoh Ha mjictoto ch b icpaa Ha cthx 4 - Kb/ieTO ce onncBa HanHHa
Ha 5khbot Ha BapBannra, a He cnrypHOCTTa Ha cnaceHHeTO My. (4) ToBa H3peneHHe b Kpaa Ha 1 cthx
b KJV e znoca (cTpaHHHHa 6ene5Kica ot npenHCBan) h TOBa e bh^ho He caMO ot (jiaKra, ne to jnmcBa
b roneMHTe apeBHH pi>KonHCH icaro Aleph, A, B, C, D, F, G; A, D (corr.) h b AoGpnre CTapn Bepcnn
(bjk. Olshausen, Meyer, Alford, J. F. and B. h ny^ecHOTO pa3rjie5iyiaHe Ha Darby b Synopsis, in loc);
ho ce no/rpa36Hpa h ot npHjiHicaTa Ha Ta3H rnoca c noAoGmi BMeTBaHHa b ppyrn naca5KH, ^o6aBeHH
ot CTpaxonoHHTaHHe hjih jierajiH3i>M.
Bor e peniHji HeroBOTO Cjiobo #a 6i>Ae aBTopHreTHO h b npeBO^HTe My, KoeTO e bh/tho ot
ynoTpeGaTa b Hobhh 3aBeT Ha rpi>iiKHJi npeBOA Ha eBpeiicKHa CTap 3aBeT, H3BecTeH KaTO
CenTyarHHTa.
TpaGBa aa CMe Gjiaroaapmi Ha Bora 3a Te3H nocBeTeHH xopa, kohto ca npeicapajiH 5KHBOTa ch b
sa/rtJ^oneHO roynaBaHe Ha piKonHCHTe, kohto Bor e ocTaBHji, 3a ^a nojrynHM TaKHBa Ao6pn
npeBOAH /THec. Tpa6Ba KaTeropitnHO ^a pa3JiHHaBaMe Te3H ynemi npeA aporaHTHHTe „MOAepHHCTH"
(hjih HanocjieAtK HapnnaHH „bhcokh kphthhh"), kohto HCKaT ^a hh Ka5KaT KaKBO Bor mpxdect %a
Ka5Ke b BnGjiHiiTa, bmccto c HCKpeHO CMHpeHHe ^a ce onnrBaT ^a otkphht KaKBO Bor bcbiiihoct e
Ka3aji" (William R. Newell 's Romans: Verse by Verse (Moody, 1938, CTp. 289).
e „3a OHe3H, kohto ca b XpncTOC Hcyc" Ta3H xapaKTepHa 3a naBeji (J)pa3a (HOKATHB 3A OEEM) e
eKBHBajieHT Ha jmemnwi H3pa3 „jihhho B3aHMOOTHomeHHe". naBeji no3HaBa, oGirqa h cjryacn Ha Hcyc h ce
pa/TBa Aa Gt^e c Hero. BjiaroBecTHeTO e e^HOBpeMeHHO nocjiamie, Ha KoeTO TpaGBa ^a BapBaMe, h JIhhhoct,
c kohto Aa oGnryBaMe. CnjiaTa 3a 5khbot H/rBa ot B3aHMOOTHomeHHeTO c BiSKp-bCHajiHa XpncTOC, kototo
naBeji cpema no m>Ta 3a JJjaMacK. OnHTHOCTTa My c Hcyc npe/rniecTBa 6orocjiOBHeTO 3a Hero. HeroBHHT
onHT He H/TBa ot pa3BHBaHeTO Ha HaKaKiB mhcthiih3i>m b ye/rHHemie, a ot arpecHBHO MHCHOHepcKO
cjry5KeHHe. no3HaBaHeTO Ha Xphctoc 03Ha x iaBa cjry5KeHHe b HeroBOTO HMe. 3pajioTO xphcthshctbo e
nocjiaHne, JIhhhoct h HanHH Ha 5khbot! (Bjk. 6ejie5KKaTa Bi>pxy 1:5.)
8:2 „3aKOHtT Ha >khbotbophihhh Ayx... 3aKOHa Ha rpexa h CMtpTTa" ToBa M05Ke aa ce OTHaca ro: (1)
KompacTa Me5iyry 3aKOHa Ha rpexa (bjk. Phmji. 7: 10,23,25) h hobhh 3aKOH Ha Bora (bjk. Phmji. 7:6,22,25); (2)
„3aKOHa Ha jnoGoBTa" (bjk. ^Ikob 1:25; 2:8,12) cpenry „MoiiceeBHa 3aKOH" (bjk. 7:6-12); (3) CTapaTa epa
cpenry HOBaTa epa; hjih (4) CTapna 3aBeT cpenry hobhh 3aBeT (bjk. EpeM. 31:31-34; nocjiamieTO ki>m
eBpenTe).
To3h KompacT ce 3ana3Ba h 3aHanpe/i:
3aKOHi>T Ha 5KHBOTBopanjna J\yx Ha XpncTOC cpenry 3aKOHa Ha rpexa h CMipTTa, 2 ex
no njn>T cpenry no flyxa, 4 h 5 ex
130
njTbTCKOTO Cpemy AyXOBHOTO, 5 CT.
CTpeMe5K kt>m nin>TCKOTO cpemy CTpeMe5K kt>m ^yxoBHOTO, 5 ct.
CTpeMe5K Ha njrbTra cpemy CTpeMe5K Ha flyxa, 6 ct.
B njn>Tra cpemy b flyxa, 9 ex
TajioTO e mt>ptbo cpemy flyxu e 5khb, 10 ct.
IHe yMpeTe cpemy me 5KHBeeTe, 13 ct.
He ayx Ha poGctbo cpemy flyx Ha ocHHOBjiemie, 15 ct.
NASB, NRSV, JB „bh ocbooo/hi"
NKJV, TEV „ivie ocBoSo/m"
CTHxoBe 2-3 ca GorocnoBCKOTO nocnamie Ha rnaBa 6. Hjikojiko pa3JiHHHH MecTOHMemM ce noaBasaT b
apeBHHTe rpmKH TeKCTOBe; „Me" ce cpema b p-bKonncnTe A, D, K h P, ^OKaTO ,,bh" ce cpema b N, B, F h G
MecTOHMeHHeTO ,,hh" ce noaBjrea no-KtCHO b yHiinajieH p-biconnc, y ¥. CtCTaBHTejiHTe Ha UBS^ npeanaraT
CTeneH „B" 3a „bh" (noHTH cnrypHo). UBS-^ nocTaBa CTeneH ,,D" (c mhoto Tpy/nioCTft).
HiOMaH h Hn^a nnmaT: „rp-bUKHHT tckct Ha UBS npernionara „Me", Maicap aa npeanara CTeneH ,,C",
KoaTO noKa3Ba BHCOKa CTeneH Ha CBMHemie no OTHoniemie Ha opHrHHajiHHH npoHnr" (Newman and Nida, A
Translator 's Handbook on Paul 's Letter to the Romans, pp. 145-146).
To3n npoGneM 3a MECTOHMEHHMTA „HHe", „BHe" hjih „mqkI Hac" necTO ce cpema b rp-binarre TeKCTOBe
Ha nocjiamuiTa Ha IiaBeji.
8:3 „KoeTO Seme HeBt3MoacHO ja 3aK(ma" MoftceeBHaT 3aKOH e ao6t>p h cbat, ho xopara ca cnaGn h
rpeniHH (bjk. 7:12, 16). rJIAroJIT>T TyK bcbihhoct e HAPEHHETO adunaton, KoeTO o6hkhob6ho ce npeBejK^a
,,HeBi>3M05KHo" (bjk. EBp. 6:4,18; 10:4; 11:6), ho M05Ke h ji?l 03HaHaBa „6e3 CHjia" (bjk. J\esm. 14:8; Phmji.
15:1). 3aKom>T He M05Ke #a npeAJi05Kn ocBo6o5KneHHe. Tt>kmo HanpoTHB, toh Moace #a Rams caMO
OCb5KAeHHe, CMT>pT h npoKjiaTne!
s „CJia6 npej njitTTa" ToBa e ochobhhht apryMenr Ha IiaBeji b 7 raaBa. 3aKom>T Ha Bora e ao6t>p h cbat,
ho rpexoBHOTO, na^Hajio h GyHTOBHO HOBenecTBO He M05Ke #a H3m>jiHH 3aAtJi>KeHHaTa ch. 3a pa3JiHKa ot
paBHHHTe, IiaBeji Biciyia nocneACTBiuiTa ot BnTne 3 rnaBa.
h „u38bpum Bor, KaTO innpaTii Cima Ch" ToBa, KoeTO naflHanoTO HOBenecTBO He M05Ke j\a H3Bi>pniH b
CTapna 3aBeT, Bor ro HanpaBn b Hobhh 3aBeT (bjk. EpeM. 31:31-34; E3eK. 36:22-36) npe3 Hcyc (bjk. Hcaa
53 rn.; HoaH 3:16). BiviecTO bt>hiiihh H3HCKBaHHH, Bor ji$s,a JJyx b Hac h hobo ci>pne. Hobhht 3aBeT e
ocHOBaH Ha noKaaHne h Bapa b 3aBi>pnieHOTO neno Ha XpncTOC, a He Ha HOBeniKOTO npe^CTaBaHe. H ABaTa
3aBeTa oGane H3HCKBaT npoMjma Ha MncneHeTO kt>m GoroyroneH HanHH Ha 5khbot.
H „ctmo KaTO rpexoBHaTa iijibt" Ta3H HCTHHa ce 3aaB3Ba bt>b Ohjthidihh 2:7-8. Hcyc Hffpa b HOBeniKO
Tajio (ho 6e3 rpexoBHOTO ecTecTBO, B5K. Ohji. 2:7-8; EBp. 7:26). Toft HancTHHa CTaBa e/niH ot Hac.
H3KymaBaH e bt>b bchhko, ho ocTaBa 6e3 rpax (bjk. EBp. 4:15). Toft hh pa36npa.
H „KaTO acepTBa 3a rpexa" CimaTa vmQa ce cpema h bt>b II Kophhtshh 5:21 h I nerbp 2:24. Hcyc Hffpa j\a
yMpe (bjk. Hcaa 53:4-6,10-12; Mapic 10:45). Be3rpeniHHHT (6e3 neTHo) 5khbot Ha Hcyc CTaBa 5KepTBa 3a
rpax (bjk. HoaH 1:29).
H „Toii ocbflii rpexa b njiBTra" CMipTTa Ha Hcyc ce cnpaBa c npo6neMa 3a rpexoBHOTO ecTecTBO Ha
xopaTa, a He caMO c OT/iejiHHTe rpeniHH jiena (Kaiero e b MoftceeBHH 3aKOH). }Khbott>t, CMipTTa h
Bi>3KpeceHHeTO My nocraraT uejiTa Ha Bora 3a roicynneHHe (bjk. J\esm. 2:23; 3:18; 4:28; 13:29). Toft
noKa3Ba ci>mo icaKBH MoraT n Tpa6Ba ^a Gi^aT xopaTa (bjk. HoaH 13:15; I nerbp 2:21).
8:4 To3H cthx BepoaTHO ce OTHaca ao Hobhh 3aBeT (bjk. EpeMHa 31:33 h E3eKHHji 36:26-27). Toft
pa3rne5KZia jipa acneKTa Ha cnaceHneTO hh. HbpBO, Hcyc H3ni>jiHaBa H3HCKBaHH3Ta Ha CTapna 3aBeT h npe3
131
Bapa b Hero Ta3H npaB/ia ce BMeiuiBa Ha BapBamirre KaTO 6e3njiaTeH #ap, a He no jihhhh 3acnyrH. Hne
HapHnaMe TOBa onpaBAamie hjih no3HUHOHajiHO ocBemeHHe. Bor ^aBa Ha BapBaiHirre hobo ci>pne h hob
Ayx. Hne cera xoahm no flyxa, He no njiix ToBa ce HapHHa ..nporpecHBHO ocBememie '. Xphcthhhctboto e
hob 3aBeT, kohto HMa CBOHTe npaBa (^apiT Ha cnaceHHero) n OTroBopHOCTH (ynoAoGaBaHero Ha XpncTOC,
B5K. 6:13). 3a ci>5KajieHHe H3K0H xpncTHaHH 5KHBeaT njii>TCKH h HenpaBHjieH 5khbot (b5k. I Kop. 3:1-3).
H „koiito xofliiM He no njiBT, a no Ay x " Ci>ihhjit KOHTpacT ce cpema h b TajiaTaHH 5:16-25. Ci>Ae6HOTO
onpaB/iaHHe TpaGBa ^a ce nocjieABa ot npaBe/niocT b 5KHBOTa. Hoboto ci>pne n hobhht yM Ha Hobhh 3aBeT
He ca ocHOBaTa Ha HanieTO cnacemie, a HeroB pe3yjiTax BeHHHHT 5khbot e BH/niMa xapaierepHCTHKa!
8:5 IlaBeji npoTireonocTaBa 5KHBOTa ,,no njn>T" Ha 5KHBOTa ,,no flyx" b CTHxoBe 5-8 (,,/iejiaTa Ha njrbTTa",
B5K. Tan. 5: 19-21 h ..njio^tT Ha flyxa ", B5K. 5:22-25).
8:6 „CTpeivie>K kbm" lO/jeme 3HaaT, ne yniHTe h OHnre ca npo3opnH ki>m ayniaTa. TpexbT 3anoHBa b
MHCJiHTe. Hne CTaBaMe TOBa, 3a KoeTO pa3MnmjuiBaMe Haii-MHoro (bjk. Phmji. 12:1-2; Ohji. 4:8)!
IlaBeji He cjie^Ba TpaAHUHOHHOTO paBHHCKO ynemie 3a ABeTe „HaMepeHHa" (yetzers) b xopaTa. Toil
CMaTa, ne ao6poto He npnciCTBa b na/niajiOTO TBopemie, a H/ipa npn oGptiHemieTO. Ton TBi>p/ni, ne
CBeTHaT JJyx b Hac 3anoHBa BiTpeinHHa ^yxoBeH kohcJijihkt (bjk. HoaH 16:7-14).
h „>khbot" ToBa e BeHHHHT 5khbot, 5khbott>t b HOBaTa epa.
H „Miip" To3H TepMHH mpBOHanajmo 03HaHaBa „CBi>p3BaHe Ha Hemo cnyneHo" (bjk. HoaH 14:27; 16:33;
Ohji. 4:7). B>k. CnELJHAJiHOnOHJITHE: MHP kbm 5:1.
Hobhht 3aBeT roBopn 3a Mnpa b Tpn acneKTa:
oGeKTHBHaTa HCTHHa 3a Hanina Mnp c Bora npe3 XpncTOC (bjk. Koji. 1:20)
cyGeKTHBHOTO ycemaHe 3a npaBHjiHH OTHoniemra c Bora (bjk. HoaH 14:27; 16:33; Ohji. 4:7)
Bor, oGeAHHaBam MAeHH h e3HHHHKB e/nio Tajio npe3 XpncTOC (bjk. Ecjiec. 2:14-17; Koji. 3:15).
8:7-11 naBeji onncBa pa3AejieHOTO ot Bora HOBenecTBO no hhkojiko HanHHa: (1) Bpa5K#e6HO ki>m Bora, 7
cthx; (2) HenoKopHO Ha Bora, cthx 7; (3) HecnocoGHO ^a ce xapeca Ha Bora, 8 cthx; h (4) ^yxoBHO mi>ptbo,
pe3yjiTaTi>T ot KoeTO e BenHa cmi>pt, 10-11 CTHxoBe. Bick napajiejia b Phmjihhh 5:6,8,10.
8:7
NASB, NRSV „yMBT, kohto rjie^a hiibtckoto, e BpaacfleSeH kbm Bora"
NKJV „njiijTCKHHT yM e BpaacfleoeH Ha Bora"
TEV „xopaTa crasaT BparoBe Ha Bora"
NJB „bh ii,t Ha rpeuiHOTO hobcuiko ecTecTBO ce npoTimonocTaBH Ha Bora"
Ta3H (Jipa3a e b napajieji etc „CTpeMe5Ki>T Ha iurbrra e cmi>pt" ot cthx 6 h „Te3H, kohto ca mrbTCKH" ot
cthx 5. 3a6ejie5KeTe ci>mo, ne na/niajiOTO HOBeniKO ecTecTBO e e/niOBpeMeHHO CBeTorjie/i h HanHH Ha 5khbot
(b>k. 7:5)
H „noHeace aopii He Moace da zo uanpaeu" na/majiOTO HOBenecTBO He caMO He H36npa aa cjie^Ba Bora,
xopaTa He ca cnocoGmi ^a ro HanpaBax Ako CBeTHHT JJyx He noMorHe, Te He ca cnocoGmi #a OTroBopaT Ha
AyxoBHHTe Hema (bjk. Hcaa 53:6; I nerbp 2:24-25). Bor BHHarn B3eMa HHHniiaTHBaTa (bjk. HoaH 6:44,65).
8:8 „Te3n, kohto ca b njiBTra" naBeji H3noji3Ba Ta3H (Jipa3a no ABa HannHa: (1) (J)H3HHecKOTO tsjio (bjk.
Phmji. 1:3; 2:28; 4:1; 9:3,5) h (2) ycHjirorra Ha xopaTa, OT/iejieHH ot Bora (bjk. Phmji. 7:5; 8:4-5). Tyic CTaBa
AyMa 3a BTopna HanHH. Ton roBopn 3a GyHTOBHOTO h HenoKopHO HOBenecTBO.
IJHTAT OT EBJITAPCKHfl nPEBOflB^P^i/— 8:9-11
" Bne oGane He CTe njiiTCKH, a AyxoBHH, aKO HancTHHa 5KHBee bi>b Bac Eo5khht Jfyx. Ho axo hjikoh HHMa
XpncTOBHa JJyx, toh He e HeroB. *■** Ho axo XpncTOC e bi>b Bac, tsjioto HancTHHa e mi>ptbo nopa/iH rpexa,
ho pyxbT e 5khb nopa^H npaB/iaTa. ^ H axo 5KHBee bi>b Bac flyxbT Ha To3h, kohto Bi>3KpecH Hncyc ot
132
MipTBHTe, TO T03H, KOHTO BI>3KpeCH XpHCTOC OT MtpTBHTe, me CB5KHBH H BaniHTe CMipTHH Tejia Hpe3 flyxa
Ch, kohto 5KHBee bi>b Bac.
HHTAT OT AHDIHHCKHJI nPEBOfl NASB — 8:9-11
^However, you are not in the flesh but in the Spirit, if indeed the Spirit of God dwells in you. But if
anyone does not have the Spirit of Christ, he does not belong to Him. l^If Christ is in you, though the
body is dead because of sin, yet the spirit is alive because of righteousness. ^But if the Spirit of Him
who raised Jesus from the dead dwells in you, He who raised Christ Jesus from the dead will also give
life to your mortal bodies through His Spirit who dwells in you.
8:9 „aKo" nope/inna ycJlOBHH H3PEHEHH5I ce cpema b cthxobc 9,10,11,13 (#Ba m,™), 17 (#Ba m,™).
Bchhkh Te ca ot ITLPBH KJIAC, KoeTO 03HaHaBa, ne aBTopi>T npe/inojiara yTBi>p/rHTejieH OTroBop 3a wyaamrre
Ha HHTepaTypHOTO ch nocjiamie. IlaBeji npe/rnojiara, ne HHTaTejinre My b pHMCKaTa irtpicBa ca xphcthhhh
(b5k. ct. 9a).
H „XpncTOBiiHT /Jyx" Hobck hjih HMa flyxa h cjieAOBaTejmo e BapBam, hjih mma flyxa h e /ryxoBHO
H3ry6eH. Hne nonynaBa CBeTHH JJyx b m>jmoTa npn cnaceHHeTO ch. He ce wymjiaeM ot no-rojiaMO
KOJiHHecTBO ot Hero; Toft ncica noBene ot Hac!
Opa3HTe ..JJyxbT" b cthx 9a; „Eo5khjit JJyx" b cthx 9b h „Xphctobhht flyx" b cthx 9c ca chhohhmhh.
| Ciiel(hajiho ikmmthe: HCyC H flYXBT
1
Jlfijioio Ha flyxa h Ha CnHa ca b npaico ciOTBeTCTBHe. G. Campbell Morgan ica3Ba, ne Haii-
aoGpoto HMe 3a flyxa e ..ppyrwn Hcyc". npe/ijiaraM KpaTKO cpaBHeHne Ha aejiOTO h Ha HMeHaTa Ha
CnHa h Ha
flyxa.
flyxbT e HapeneH „fl,yxi>T Ha Hcyc" hjih noAoGmi H3pa3H (bjk. Phmji. 8:9; II Kop. 3:17;
ran. 4:6; I Ilex 1:11).
H /TBaMaTa ca HapHHaHH c emm h cbihh TepMHHH
a.
„HCTHHa
1) Hcyc (HoaH 14:6)
2) flyxiT (HoaH 14:17; 16:13)
b.
„3aCTbnHHK"
1) Hcyc (I HoaH 2:1)
2) flyxbT (HoaH 14:16,26; 15:26; 16:7)
c.
„CBaX'
1) Hcyc (JlyKa 1:35; 4:34)
2) flyxbT (JlyKa 1:35)
3.
H ^BaMaTa oGnraBaT bi>b BapBamirre
a.
Hcyc (Max 28:20; HoaH 14:20,23; 15:4-5; Phmji. 8:10; II Kop. 13:5; Taji. 2:20; E^ec.
3:17: Koji. 1:27)
b.
flyxL T (HoaH 14:16-17; Phmji. 8:9,11; I Kop. 3:16; 6:19; IIThm. 1:14)
c.
h flopn OTeii (HoaH 14:23; II Kop. 6:16)
8:10 „XpncTOC e bbb Bac" TepMHHi>T „Xphctoc" ce oraaca ao 5KHBeeiHHH b Hac Cim/Jlyx (bjk. HoaH
14:16-17; Koji. 1:27). HoBeic hjih HMa CHHa/fl,yxa, hjih He e xphcthhhhh (bjk. I HoaH 5:12). 3a naBeji „b
XpncToc" e GorocjiOBCKH e/rHO h ci>mo, KaKTO „b Jlyxa".
h „thjioto e mbptbo, nopaaii rpexa" flppn xpHCTHHinrre me yMpaT (J)H3HHecKH 3apa/rH rpexa Ha A^aM,
3apaAH na^HajiHa cbht h jihhhhh ch 6yHT (bjk. 5:12-21). IpextT cjie/rBa HeoTMeHHO CBoa ni>T. JiyxoBiiaTa
cmi>pt (bjk. Bhx 3 rji.; Eijiec. 2:1) Rcmemjia etc ce6e ch h (jiHSHHecica cmi>pt (bjk. Eht. 5 ra.; EBp. 9:27).
BapBaiHirce >KHBeaT e^HOBpeMeHHO b HOBaTa epa Ha flyxa (bjk. Hohji 2:28-29; JJpsm. 2:16) h b CTapaTa epa
133
Ha rpexa h 6yHTa (bjk. ct. 21, 35).
H „ho flyxtT e aciiB, nopaflii npaBflaTa" yHemrre h npeBOflHTe He ca eflHHHH b MHeHHeTO ch aajm Tyic
CTaBa AyMa 3a HOBeiinuia ayx (bjk. NASB, ASV, NIV, Williams, Jerusalem Bible), hjih 3a Cbcthh flyx (bjk.
KJV, TEV, REB, Karl Barth, C. K. Barrett, John Murray h Everett Harrison).
IIo-roneMHJiT KOHreiccT me ocBeTjin ManKO to3h naca5K 3a Hac. flopn h OHe3H, kohto ca noBapBajm b
Xphctoc, me yMpaT, noHe5Ke 5KHBeaT b emm naAHaji CBax 3apa^H npaB/iaTa oGane, Koaro njipa npe3 Bapa b
Hcyc, Te Bene HMaT BeneH jkhbot (bjk. Eijiec. 2:4-6). ToBa e Hanpe5KeHHeTO ..Bene, ho He ome", xapaKTepHO
3a Bo5KHeTO LJapcTBO. CTapaTa h HcmaTa epa ce npHnoKpHBaT bi>b BpeMeTO.
a „npaBflaTa" Bra CnEL[HAJlHO noRHTHE kim 1:17.
8:11 „aKo" Bh5k KDMeHTapa ki>m 9 cthx.
H „flyxBT Ha To3H, Kohto Bt3Kpecn Hcyc ot mbptbiitc, aciiBee bbb sac" Koa JIhhhoct ot TponiiaTa
5KHBee bi>b BapBamHTe? noBeneTO xphcthhhh 6nxa OTroBopHjiH ..JJyxa". ToBa, pa36npa ce, e BapHO, ho Ha
npaKTHKa h TpHTe jihhhocth 5KHBeaT bi>b BapBamHTe.
flyxbT, HoaH 14:16-17; Phmji. 8:11; I Kop. 3:16; 6:19; IIThm. 1:14
Chh-bt, MaTei! 28:20; HoaH 14:20,23; 15:4-5; PHMjiami 8:10; II KopHHTaHH 13:5; lajiaraHH 2:20;
E(J>ecaHH3:17; KonocaHH 1:27
Oreii, HoaH 14:23; II KopHHTaHH 6:16
Ta3H (Jipa3a e ny^ecHa bi>3mo5khoct aa ce noica5Ke KaK HoBHaT 3aBeT necTO OT/iaBa aejioTO Ha
H3KynneHHeTO h Ha TpHTe jihhhocth b TpoHnara.
Bor OTeu Bi>3KpecH Hcyc (bhc. fleamia 2:24; 3:15; 4:10; 5:30; 10:40; 13:30,33,34,37; 17:31; Phmji.
6:4,9; 8:11; 10:9; I Kop. 6:14; II Kop. 4:14; Taji. l:l;E<J>ec. 1:20; Koji. 2:12; ICoji. 1:10)
Bor Chh Bi>3KpecH Ce6e Ch (bjk. HoaH 2:19-22; 10:17-18)
Bor flyxa Bi>3KpecH Hcyc (bjk. Phmji. 8: 1 1)
Ci>maTa H/iea 3a TpoHnara M05KeM ^a bh^hm h b cthxobc 9-11.
| ClIEIlHAJIHO nOHHTHE: TPOHHATA
3a6ejie5KeTe ^eiiHOCTHTe Ha TpHTe JIhhhocth b TpoHnara. noHaTneTO „TpoHna", H3KOBaHO ot
TepiyjinaH, He e GnGjieiicKO, ho e mhoto yflgniio.
1. EBaHrejinaTa
MaTeii 3: 16-17; 28: 19 (h napajiejiHHTe naca5KH)
HoaH 14:26
2. fleamia 2:32-33, 38-39
3. naBeji
a. Phmjmhh 1:4-5; 5:1,5; 8:1-4,8-10
b. I KopHHTaHH 2:8-10; 12:4-6
c. II KopHHTaHH 1:21; 13:14
d. TajiaTaHH 4:4-6
e. EiJiecaHH 1:3-14,17; 2:18; 3:14-17; 4:4-6
f. I CojryHHH 1:2-5
h. II CojryHHH 2:13
i. Tht 3:4-6
4. neTtp - 1 neTpoBO 1:2
5. lOaa - CTHxoBe 20-21
ToBopn ce flopn ii b CTapiia 3aBeT 3a Hea
1. Bor, npeflCTaBeH B MHO)KECTBEHO HHCJIO
HMeTO Elohim e b MHO)KECTBEHO *IHCJIO, ho KoraTO ce H3noji3Ba 3a Bora, BHHarn
H3HCKBa raaroji b EflHHCTBEHO qHCJIO
„HHe" b BHTHe 1:26-27; 3:22; 11:7
2. AHrejibT IbcnoAeH KaTO bh/ihmo roaBjiemie Ha 6o5KecTBOTO
134
a. BHTHe 16:7-13; 22:11-15; 31:11,13; 48:15-16
b. Vkxon 3:2,4; 13:21; 14:19
c. Ct.ahh2:1; 6:22-23; 13:3-22
d. 3axapHH 3:1-2
3. Bor h fl,yxi>T ca OT^enHH, Eirrae 1:1-2; IIcajiM 104:30; Hcaa 63:9-11; E3eic. 37:13-14
4. Bor (YHWH) h Mecna (Adori) ca OTnejiHH, ncajiM 45:6-7; 110:1; 3axapiM 2:8-11; 10:9-12
5. MeciM h fl,yxi>T ca OTnejimi, 3axapiM 12: 10
6. H TpHTe ce cnoMeHaBaT b Hcaa 48:16; 61:1
EoacecTBeHOCTra Ha Hcyc ii jiiiHHOCTra Ha flyxa ca 6hjih npoSjieMmi hohhthh 3a
CTpiIKTHIITe MOHOTeilCTHHHH |)ailllll ISll|)l>aiUli:
1 . TepTyjinaH - nonHHHHBa CnHa Ha OTeii
2. OpnreH - nonmnMBa 6o5KecTBeHOTO ecTecTBO Ha CnHa h Ha flyxa
3. Apnii - OTpHna 6o5KecTBeHOCTTa Ha CnHa h Ha flyxa
4. MoHapxHaHCTBOTO - BapBa b HenpecTaHHOTO roaBaBaHe Ha Bora
TpoHnara e hctophhcckh pa3BHTa H^ea, ocHOBaHa Ha GhGikhckh TeKCTOBe
1. HbjiHaTa 6o5KecTBeHOCT Ha Hcyc KaTO paBeH Ha Otcii e yTBtpneHa npe3 325 r. en. Xp. Ha
Hhkchckhh ci>6op
2. UajiocraaTa jihhhoct h mjiHaTa 6o5KecTBeHOCT Ha flyxa KaTO paBeH Ha Oreii h Ha CnHa ca
yTBT>pneHH Ha KoHCTaHTHHonojiCKHH ci>6op (381 r. en. Xp.)
3. J],OKTpHHaTa 3a TpoHnara e H3pa3eHa HaH-m>jiHO b TBopGaTa Ha ABrycTHH De Trinitate
ToBa HancTHHa e MHCTepna. Ho Hobhht 3aBeT KareropHHHO yTBT>p5KnaBa enHO 6o5kcctbcho
ecTecTBO c Tpn pa3JiHHHH bchhh npoaBjieHHa.
H „me aaae jkhbot ii Ha BauniTe cmbpthh Tejia" Bi>3KpeceHHeTO Ha Hcyc h Ha nocjienoBaTejiHTe
My e HSKjuoHHTejiHO Ba5KHa noiapHHa (b5k. I Kop. 15:1 h cji.; II Kop. 4:14). Xphcthhhctboto
3aaB3Ba, ne BapBaimne me HMaT TenecHO npoaBjiemie bt>b BenHOCTTa (bjk. I HoaH 3:2). Ako Xphctoc
e Bi>3KpeceH ot flyxa, HeroBHTe nocjienoBaTejiH ci>mo me GinaT Bi>3KpeceHH (bjk. ct. 23).
HHTAT OT EBJITAPCKHJI IIPEBOflB£P£i7— 8:12-17
12 n T aKa, 6paTa, He CMe ajtbxchhuh Ha iurhrra, ne na 5KHBeeM nin>TCKH. ^ 3amoTO, ai«o 5KHBeeTe
njiiTCKH, me yMpeTe; ho aico npe3 flyxa yMT>pTBaBare neHCTBHHTa Ha tjijioto, me 5KHBeeTe. " noHe5Ke,
kohto ce boast ot Eo5khh flyx, Te ca Bo5khh CHHOBe. ^ 3amoTO He CTe npnejiH ayx Ha poGctbo, 3a na ce
CTpaxyBaTe othobo, a CTe npnejiH Jfyx Ha ocHHOBemie, npe3 kohto h BHKaMe: ABBa, OTne! ^" Taica CaMHHT
J\yx CBHneTeiiCTBa c Hannia nyx, ne CMe Bojkhh nena. ^ ' H axo CMe nena, ToraBa CMe h HacjienHHHH -
HacjienHHiiH Ha Bora h cbHacjienHHHH c Xphctoc; h aKO CTpanaMe c Hero, h na ce npocnaBHM c Hero.
HHTAT OT AHDIHHCKHfl IIPEBOfl NASB — 8: 1 2-1 7
l^So then, brethren, we are under obligation, not to the flesh, to live according to the flesh — l^for
if you are living according to the flesh, you must die; but if by the Spirit you are putting to death the
deeds of the body, you will live. l^For a n. w ho are being led by the Spirit of God, these are sons of God.
l^For you have not received a spirit of slavery leading to fear again, but you have received a spirit of
adoption as sons by which we cry out, „Abba! Father!" l^The Spirit Himself testifies with our spirit
that we are children of God, l^and if children, heirs also, heirs of God and fellow heirs with Christ, if
indeed we suffer with Him so that we may also be glorified with Him.
8:12 „ii TaKa" naBen nponbjracaBa etc saKjuoHemuiTa ch ot nyMHTe b cthxobc 1-11.
H „He CMe fljrbacHiiHii" ToBa e npyrara CTpaHa Ha xpHCTHHHCicaTa CBoGona (bjk. 14:1-15:13). Tarawa
saKjnoHemie M05KeM aa H3BeneM ot Teivtara 3a ocBemeHneTO b 1-11 ct, KbneTO to e enHOBpeMeHHO
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no3HiiHOHajiHO (HH^HKATHB) h nporpecHBHO (HMnEPATHB). ilcHO pa36npaMe, ne BapBamiiTe me
npofltJDKaBaT ^a CTpa^aT, 3apa/m CTapoTO ch na/piajio ecTecTBO (bjk. Phmji. 7 rn.). HMaMe e/niH H36op aa
HanpaBHM (^a noBapBaMe b HanajiOTo), cneji kocto HMaMe MH05KecTBO H36opn %a npaBHM (jkhbot Ha Bapa)!
8:13 „aKo" nope/nina YCJIOBHH HSPE^EfflM ce cpema b CTnxoBe 9,10,11,13 (ppa iii>th),17 («Ba mra).
Bchhkh Te ca ot ITLPBH KJIAC, KoeTO 03HaHaBa, ne aBTopu npe/inojiara yTB-bp/nrrejieH OTroBop 3a wyanmrre
Ha HHTepaTypHOTO ch nocnaHHe. IlaBeji npe/monara, ne HHraTejiHre My b pHMCicaTa HbpKBa ca xpHCTHami.
H „aKO aciiBeeTe iijibtckii, me yMpeTe" H ^BaTa TJlAroJlA b cthx 13 ca b CErAUlHO BPEME, KoeTO roBopn
3a HenpecTaHHO AencTBHe. EnGjiiiaTa noKa3Ba Tpn eTana Ha CM-bprra: (1) AyxoBHa cmi>pt (bjk. Bht. 2:17;
3:1-7; Eijiec. 2:1); (2) (j)H3HHecKa cmi>pt (bjk. Bht. rn. 5) h (3) BenHa cmt>pt (bjk. Otkp. 2:11; 20:6,14; 21:8).
TyK CTaBa jxyMa 3a jiyxoBHara cmi>pt Ha A^aM (bjk. Bht. 3:14-19), kcmito ROBemjia ao (J)H3HHecKaTa cmi>pt Ha
HOBeniKaTa paca (bjk. Bht. 5 rn.).
TpextT Ha AjiaM ^OHaca rpexa b CBeTa (bjk. 5:12-21). BceKH ot Hac e roGpaji ci>3HaTejiHO ^a ynacTBa b
rpexa. Ako H36epeM ^a ocTaHeM b Hero, toh me hh yMtpTBH 3a BenHOCTra (bjk. Otkp. 20:6, 14, „BTopaTa
cmt>pt"). KaTO xpHCTHaHH Hne TpaGBa #a yMpeM 3a rpexa h 3a ce6e ch h ^a 5KHBeeM 3a Bora (bjk. Phmji. 6
rn.).
H „aKO npe3 flyxa yMtpTBHBare aeiicTBiiHTa Ha thjioto, me aameeTe" YBepeHOCTTa Ha BapBamiiTe b
cnaceHHeTO TpaGBa ^a ce Bioiyia b Texmia HanHH Ha 5khbot (bjk. HOB03aBeTHHTe KHHrn .Hkob h I HoaH).
BapBamirre He 5KHBeaT to3h hob 5khbot caMH, a c boaht6jictboto Ha Jfyxa (bjk. ct. 14). Te oGane TpaGBa
BceKH/iHeBHO Aa ce npe/iaBaT Ha HeroBHa kohtpoji (bjk. Eijiec. 5:17-18).
B to3h KOHTeKCT „AeHCTBHaTa Ha TajioTo" ca 5KHBOTbT b CTapaTa rpexoBHa epa. ToBa He e OTXBi>pjiaHe
Ha BenHOCTTa Ha TenecHOTO cbiHecTByBamie (bjk. 8:23), a KompacT Me5Kny 5KHBeeiHHa b Hac JJyx (HOBaTa
epa) h 6op6aTa c rpexa (CTapaTa epa).
8:14 „kohto ce bii^ht ot Eosciih flyx" ToBa e CErAlUHO ITACHBHO nPHHACTHE, Koero roBopn 3a
HenpecTaHHO boaht6jictbo ot flyxa, kohto hh ROBeiKjia npn Xphctoc h cneA TOBa (JtopMHpa Xphctoc b Hac
(b>k. ct. 29). XpHCTHaHCTBOTO He e irpocTO e/nio penieHHe. ToBa e HenpecTaHHO ynempiecTBO, KoeTO
3anoHBa c e/nio penieHHe. To He ce oraaca ao HaKaKBH cneuiiajiHH ci>6hthji, BpeMeHa hjih cjryjKeHHe, a ao
BCeKH/IHeBHHTe AeHHOCTH.
H „Boaciin cimoBe" Ta3H (Jtpa3a b mhcokectbeho ^hcjio ce H3noji3Ba b CTapiia 3aBeT 3a aHrejin h mhoto
pa^ico 3a xopa. B EflHHCTBEHO ^HCJIO ce H3noji3Ba 3a A^aM, H3paHji, uapa Ha H3paHji h Media. TyK ce
oraaca ao bchhkh BapBamii. B cthx 14 e H3noji3BaH rpmiaiaT TepMHH huioi (cHHOBe), a b cthx 16 - tekna
(Aeua). B to3h kohtckct Te ca chhohhmh.
8:15 „flyx" To3h cthx, KaKTO h cthx 10, He e ciBceM aceH. Mo5Ke ^a ce OTHaca pp HOBHa pyx b Xphctoc Ha
naAHanoTO HOBenecTBO hjih ao CBeTHa JJyx. H jiBeTe ce cpemaT b cthx 16.
Ha HaKOJiKO MecTa b CBOHTe nncaHHa EtaBeji H3noji3Ba Ta3H rpaMaTHnecica KOHCTpyKHHa, 3a ^a onHine
KaKBO npaBH CBeTHa JJyx c BapBamirre:
1. „He ayx Ha poGctbo", ,,jxyx Ha ocHHOBjieHne", cthx 15
2. „kpoti>k Ayx", I KopHHTaHH 4:21
3. „Ayx Ha Bapa", II KopHHTaHH 4:13
4. „Ayx Ha Mi>ApocT h Ha OTKpoBemie", EcJiecaHH 1:17
Ha HaKOJiKO MecTa, ocoGeHO b I KopHHTaHH, naBeji H3noji3Ba pneuma 3a caMHa ce6e ch (bjk. I Kop.
2:11; 5:3,14; 7:34; 16:8 h Koji. 2:5). B to3h kohtckct CTnxoBe 10 h 15 caKani Han-^oGpe ce BnncBaT b Ta3H
KaTeropna.
« „Ha poScTBO, 3a aa ce CTpaxyBaTe othobo" CTapoTO ecTecTBO ce onpe/iejia ot CTpaxa.
XapaKTepncTHKHTe Ha hoboto ecTecTBO ca onHcami b CTnxoBe 14-17.
H „OCIIHOBeHIl" PHMCKHaT 3aKOH MHOTO Tpy/JHO n03BOJiaBa OCHHOBaBaHeTO, HO, BeAHb5K H3BI>pHieHO, TO
136
ocTaBa 3aBHHarn (bjk. Tan. 4:4-6). Ta3H MeTacJiopa no/ncperm GorocnoBCKara HCTHHa 3a CHrypHOCxra Ha
BapBamHa. Poahhht chh M05Ke /ia 6"b/ie jiHineH ot HacneACTBO, ho He h ocHHOBeHHHx ToBa e e/iHa OT
jnoGnMHTe MeTaiJtopH Ha IlaBeji 3a onHcamie Ha cnacemieTO (bjk. ct. 15, 23). HoaH h nexbp H3non3BaT
Apyra MeTaiJtopa ot ceMeiicTBOTo: „HOBopo/ieH" (bjk. HoaH 3:3; I Ilex 1:3,23).
h „ABBa" To3h apaMeiicKH TepMHH ce H3noji3Ba ot peuara kt>m Ganiirre y AOMa („TaTe"). Hcyc h
anocTOJiHTe roBopaT apaMeiicKH. BapBaniHTe cera MoraT %a npHCXbrraT kt>m CBeTHH Bor npe3 KpiBTa Ha
XpncTOC, npe3 5KHBeemHa b Tax JJyx c TBip/ia Bapa h yBepeHOCT (bjk. MapK 14:36; Tan. 4:6). He e jih
HeBepoaTHO, ne naAHanoTO HOBenecTBO M05Ke ^a HapHHa Bor TaTKO, a BenmiaT Cbjit TocnoA bcbiiihoct
>Kenae TOBa! Bjk. Ciieijhajiho notraTHE: OTED, kt.m 1:7.
8:16 „caMiiHT flyx" Tp-bnicaTa ayivia 3a flyx e b CPEflEH POfl. Ho flyx-bT e jthhhocx Toh M05Ke j\a ce Harbin
(bjk. E$ec. 4:30;ICoji. 5:19).
H „CBiifleTejiCTBa c Haimra nyx, ne CMe Boacim aeua" KaKTO OToejunaxMe b cthx 13, eflHrnuiT ot
acneKTHTe Ha Bapara e npoMaHara b jKHBOTa Ha BapBanjHTe (bjk. HoB03aBeTHHTe khhiti .Hkob h I HoaH).
Jlpyr acneKT Ha yBepeHOCTTa e, ne 5KHBeemiMT b Hac J\yx 3aMeHH CTpaxa ot Bora etc ceMeiiHa o6hh. BiDKre
npeBO^HTe Ha RSV h NRSV h KOHKpeTHO iryHKiyanHHTa: „KoraTO BmcaMe: ABBa! Orae! CaMHHT JJyx
CBH/ieTejiCTBa c Hainna pyx, ne CMe Eojkhh ^ena" (bjk. Tan. 4:6). ToBa noKa3Ba, ne yBepeHOCTTa H^Ba,
KoraTO BapBamHTe MoraT p,a HapeKar Bora TaTKO npe3 flyxa.
BiTpeniHOTO CBH^eTencTBO Ha flyxa He ce nyBa, ho e npaiercpiHO.
1 . BHHa 3a rpexa
2. 5KenaHHe %a CMe no/K>6HH Ha Xphctoc
3. 5Kenamie %a 6t>acm c Eo>KHeTO ceMeiicTBO
4. rjiaa 3a Eo>KHeTO cjiobo
5 . Hyaena aa GnaroBe CTBaMe
6. Hy5K/ia ot ^aBaHe c >KepTBa
ToBa ca B-bTpeniHH 5KejiaHHH, kohto p&Baj CBH^eTencTBO 3a oGptmemieTO Ha HOBeKa.
YBepeHOCTTa b cnacemieTO e oGtpHaTa Ha /KjHOMHHaHHOHeH Binpoc:
1. PHMOKaTOJIHHeCKOTO GorOCJIOBHe OTXBT>pjia Bl>3M05KHOCTTa 3a yBepeHOCT B T03H 5KHBOT, KaTO
OCHOBaBa CHrypHOCT e^HHCTBeHO B HJieHCTBOTO B „HCTHHHaTa" HbpKBa
2. 5KaH KanBHH (pecJtopMaTopcKaTa TpaflHHiui) OCHOBaBa cnrypHOCTTa Ha H36paHOCT
(npeflonpefleneHHe), ho hobck He M05Ke aa e cnrypeH 3a ce6e ch, naK ro Aeiw Ha CTpaniHHa
3. J],5koh YecjiH (MeTOAHCTKaTa TpaAHiina) OCHOBaBa CHrypHOcrra Ha cbBipineHaTa jhoGob (jkhbot iiaji
rpexa)
4. noBeneTO GanracTH ocHOBaBaT yBepeHOCTTa ch b GnGjieiiCKHTe oGemamui 3a CBoGo^HaTa Gnaro/iaT
(KaTO npeHeGperBaT oGane bchhkh npe/rynpe5K/ieHHa h yBemamra)
HMa ABe onacHOCTH b napaAOKcanHOTO npe^CTaBaHe Ha xpHCTHHHCicaTa yBepeHOCT b Hobhh 3aBeT:
1. TBip/ie rojiHMOTO y^apeHne Ha „BeAHT>5K cnaceH, 3aBHHarn cnaceH"
2. TBT>p/ie ronaMOTO y^apeHne Ha HOBeniKHTe Aena b 3ana3BaHeTO Ha cnacemieTO
EBpen rnaBa 6 acHO 3aaB3Ba: „BeAHi>5K otbih, 3aBHHarn otbih". HoBeniKHTe ycHjina (^oGpnTe psiia) He
MoraT ^a 3ana3aT cnaceHHeTO Ha BapBaniHTe (bjk. Taji. 3:1-14). Ho Ao6pHTe Aena ca ijejiTa Ha xphcthhhckhh
5KHBOT (bjk. Ecjtec. 2:10). Te ca ecTecTBemEiT pe3yjiTaT ot cpemaTa c Bora h 5KHBOTa Ha flyxa b Hac. Te ca
CBH/ieTejiCTBO 3a hcthhcko o6pi>meHHe.
YBepeHOCTTa He iienH ^a CMeiMH nproHBa Ha BnGnHJiTa ki>m cbstoct! BorocnoBCKH norneAHaTO,
yBepeHOCTTa ce OCHOBaBa Ha xapaicrepa h ^eiicTBHaTa Ha TpHe/rHHHHH Bor:
1. JIioGoBTa h MHjiocTTa Ha OTeii
2. 3aBT>pmeHOTO 5KepTBeHO Reno Ha CnHa
3. nprooBaBaHeTO Ha flyxa ki>m Xphctoc h cneA TOBa (JtopMHpaHe Ha XpncTOC b noKaaHHa
BapBam.
CBH/ieTejiCTBOTO 3a TOBa cnaceHne e npoMeHeH CBeTorjie/i, npoMeHeHO cipiie, npoMeHeH HanHH Ha
5khbot h HOBa HaAe5K^a! To He M05Ke Aa ce OCHOBaBa Ha HaKaKBO OTMHHano eMOHHOHanHO peineHne, KoeTO
HaMa OTpa5KeHHe b 5KHBOTa (t. e., nnoA, bjk. Max 7:15-23; 13:20-22; HoaH 15). YBepeHOCxra, noaoGHO Ha
137
cnaceHneTO, iioaoGho Ha xphcthhhckhh 5khbot, 3anoHBa c OTroBop Ha Eo5KHHTa mhjioct h npoAtiracaBa KaTO
peaioiHa npe3 Henna 5khbot. ToBa e npoMeHeH h npoMeiwm ce 5khbot Ha Bapa!
H „CBiifleTejiCTBa" ToBa e ome emm ch(c)- uojien. JJyxLT CBH/ieTejiCTBa 3aedno c ayxa Ha BapBamna.
IlaBeji H3non3Ba to3h MO^eji b 2: 15; 8: 16 h 9: 1.
8:17 „aKo" nope^Hua ycJIOBHH HSPE^IEfflW ce cpema b CTHxoBe 9,10,11,13 (flBa iti.th),17 («Ba mra).
Bchhkh Te ca ot ITLPBH KJIAC, KoeTO 03HaHaBa, ne aBTopu npeAnonara yTBT>p£HTejieH oiroBop 3a HyjK/prre
Ha HHTepaTypHOTO ch nocjiamie. IlaBeji npeAnonara, ne HHTaTejiHTe My b pHMCKaTa iitpKBa ca xphcthhhh.
H B T03H CTHX HMa TpH CbCTaBHH /TyMH, H3nOJI3BaiIIH npe^CTaBKaTa Ch(c)-, K03T0 03HaHaBa „CT>BMeCTHO
ynacTHe ". BapBaniHTe cnoAejiHT HacneACTBOTO Ha Xphctoc; Te cnoAejiaT h CTpaAamMTa Ha XpncTOc;
ynacTBaT h b cnaBaTa Ha XpncTOC. flpyrn noAoGmi CbCTaBHH jxyMn cpemaMe b CTHxoBe 22 (#Ba itbth), 26 h
28. EiJiecaHH 2:5-6 ci>mo ci>Ai>p>Ka Tpn TaKHBa CbCTaBHH jxyMn c npe^CTaBKa ch(c)-, kohto onncBaT 5KHBOTa
Ha BapBamHTe b Xphctoc.
e „HacjieflHiiun" ToBa e apyra ceMeiiHa MeTacJtopa, kojito onncBa BapBanprre (bjk. 4:13-14; 9:8; Tan. 3:29).
Bk>k cnEL[HAJIHOTO nOHilTHE no-flOJiy.
| CnEliHAJlHO noHHTHE: HACJIEflCTBOTO HA BflPBAmHTE*
IlHcaHHeTO roBopn 3a TOBa, ne BapBanjHTe me HacjieasiT mhoto Hema, 3apa^H
B3aHMOOTHOineHHeTO ch c Hcyc, kohto e HacneAHHK Ha bchhko (bjk. EBp. 1:2), a Te ca HeroBH
cbHacneAHHiiH (bjk. Phmji. 8:17; ran. 4:7) Ha:
1. HapcTBOTO (bjk. MaT 25:34, 1 Kop. 6:9-10; 15:50)
2. BeHHHH JKHBOT (BJK. MaT 19:29)
3. Bo5KHHTe oGemaHHa (bjk. EBp. 6:12)
4. Eo5KHjrra 3amHTa Ha o6emaHHHTa (bjk. I IleT 1:4; 5:10).
NASB, NKJV „aKO HaiiCTima mie CTpaaavie c Hero"
NRSV „aKo Ha npaKiiiKa mie CTpaaavie c Hero"
TEV „aKO cnoaejiHMe XpiiCTOBiiTe CTpaaamiH"
JB „cnoflejiHHKii CTpaflamiHTa My"
CTpa/iaHHeTO e HopManHO Hemo 3a BapBanjHTe b emm na^Han cbat (bjk. MaT 5:10-12; HoaH 15:18-21;
16:1-2; 17:14; fleaH. 14:22; Phmji. 5:3-4; 8:17; II Kop. 4:16-18; Ohji. 1:29; I Coji. 3:3; II Thm. 3:12; JIk. 1:2-
4; I IleT 4: 12-19). Hcyc ocTaBH uojien (bjk. EBp. 5:8). OcTaHanaTa nacT ot rnaBaTa pa3BHBa Ta3H TeMa.
H „npocjiaBeHii c Hezo" B EBaHrejmeTO Ha HoaH, Koraro Hcyc roBopn 3a CMipTTa ch, Toh a HapHHa ,„na ce
npocnaBa". Hcyc ce npocnaBa b CTpa^aHHeTO ch. BapBanjHTe, no3HHHOHajiHO h necTO ohhtho, cnoAejiaT
Te3H H3nHTaHHH ot 5KHBOTa Ha Hcyc (bjk. Phmjuihh 6 rji.). Bjk. ClIEIJHAJiHO noiMTHE: HAPYBAIHH B
HAPCTBOTO HA ECHA kbm 5:17-18
HHTAT OT EBJTTAPCKHJI JlPEBOJl BEPEH — 8:18-25
i° noHe5Ke CMaTaM, ne CTpa/iaHHaTa Ha HacroamoTO BpeMe He ca aoctohhh ^a ce cpaBHHT etc cnaBaTa,
kohto me ce OTKpne b Hac. *" 3amoTO etc cnjieH KonHejK TBopemieTO onaKBa pa3KpHBaHeTO Ha EojKHHTe
CHHOBe. 20 rioHe5Ke TBopemieTO 6eine no/praHeHO Ha npexoAHOCTra He Ao6poBOjmo, a npe3 To3h, kohto ro
138
noA^HHH, *■*■ c waj\Q~>Kji&, ne h caMOTO TBopeHne me ce ocboGoah ot poGctboto Ha npexoAHOcrra h me
npeMHHe b cuaBHaTa CBoGo/ia Ha Bo5KHHTe aeiia. *■*■ IIoHe5Ke 3HaeM, ne uajioTO TBopemie 3aeAHO CTeHe h
CTpa/ia b poAHjiHH mt>kh ziocera; -" h He caMO to, ho h mie, kohto HMaMe mpBHTe nnoAOBe Ha flyxa,
caMHTe Hne CTeHeM b ce6e ch h 5KaAHO onaKBaivie ocHHOBemieTO, ToecT H3KynBaHeTO Ha HaineTO Tano. ^
3amoTO c Ta3H Ha^e^a Hne ce cnacnxMe; ho Haae^aTa, Roaro ce Bioiyia, He e Bene Ha^e^a; 3amoTO koh
ce HaAHBa 3a TOBa, KoeTO BicK/ia? 25 Ho ai«o ce Ha^aBaMe 3a OHOBa, KoeTO He BioK/iaMe, ToraBa c rbpnemie
ro naKaivie.
HHTAT OT AHDIHHCKHfl IIPEBOfl NASB — 8:18-25
l^For I consider that the sufferings of this present time are not worthy to be compared with the
glory that is to be revealed to us. l^For the anxious longing of the creation waits eagerly for the
revealing of the sons of God. ^Opor the creation was subjected to futility, not willingly, but because of
Him who subjected it, in hope ^that the creation itself also will be set free from its slavery to
corruption into the freedom of the glory of the children of God. ^^For we know that the whole creation
groans and suffers the pains of childbirth together until now. 23 And not only this, but also we
ourselves, having the first fruits of the Spirit, even we ourselves groan within ourselves, waiting
eagerly for our adoption as sons, the redemption of our body. 24jr or j n hope we have been saved, but
hope that is seen is not hope; for who hopes for what he already sees? ^^But if we hope for what we do
not see, with perseverance we wait eagerly for it.
8:18 „CMHTaM" EyKBajmo TOBa ce npeBe^a „H3 x fflCJiaBaM". DiarojrbT e b CErAUlEH CPEflEH HHflHKATHB.
IlaBeji npo^tiDKaBa #a pa3MHinjiaBa Bipxy XpncTOBHTe CTpa/iaHHa. ToBa e CHeTOBO^eH TepMHH, kohto
noKa3Ba AOCTHraHe ao BHHMaTenHO npeueHeHO 3aKjrfOHeHHe. B Phmjihhh Ta3H Teivia ce noaBaBa necTO (bjk.
KOMeHTapa Bipxy 2:3). BapBaimrre TpaGBa #a 5KHBeaT b CBeTjiHHaTa Ha ^yxoBmrre hcthhh, kohto pa36Hpar.
H „CTpaflaHiiHTa" ycmmaMe aa pa36epeM nowiKhjie koh ca CTpaaaHHaTa npn cjry>KeHHeTO Ha Xphctoc ot I
KopHHTaHH 4:9-12; II KopinrraHH 4:7-12; 6:4-10; 11:24-27; EBpen 11:35-38.
h „Ha HacToameTO BpeMe" KlpgwiQ BapBanH, hq HCTopnaTa Ha CBeTa e pa3AeneHa Ha jxbq enoxn -
HacToanjeTO BpeMe Ha 3jioto h epaTa Ha npaB/iaTa, KoaTO me HacrbnH (bjk. MaT 12:32; MapK 10:30).
CTapnaT 3aBeT onaKBa c njipaiieTO ch Mecna ^a nocTaHOBH Ta3H HOBa epa Ha npaBeAHOCT JJpere HgBanwt
Ha XpncTOC oGane - KaTO CnacHTen (BT>njn>meHHeTo) h KaTO EocnoA (Btopoto npninecTBHe) -
npHnoKpHBaT ppeTe enoxn. BapBaimrre 5KHBeaT b Hanpe5KeHHe Memjiy ..Bene" h ,,He ome", npncbmo Ha
Bo>KHeTO uapcTBO. B>k. CnEETHAJIHOnotWTHE: T03H CBflT H HflBAIUHJIT CBflT kt>m 12:2.
H „flOCTOHHii... cjiaBaTa" Te3H m*a TepMHHa ce oraacaT kt>m CTapo3aBeTHaTa KOHnennHa 3a TernoTO -
Te5KKOTO e IjeHHO. ,,fl,OCTOeH" e TbprOBCKH TepMHH, KOHTO 03HaHaBa „TeaCH TOHHO TOJIKOBa". EBpeHCIOMT
TepMHH „cjiaBa" Hina cbnou KopeH („Te5Ka"), b cmhcbji Ha „Hemo, kocto e neHHO KaTO 3naTo". Bick
KOMeHTapa Bipxy 3:23.
JI,yMaTa „cjiaBa" b TeKCTOBeTe Ha IlaBeji Hiia ecxaTonorHHecKa opHeHranHa. Toft roBopn 3a
BejiHKOJienHeTO h cnnaTa Ha 3aBpT>maiiiHa ce npocnaBeH h romiraaT XpncTOC (b>k. Koji. 3:4). Bjk.
CnELpAJiHO noH5iTHE: CJIABA ki.m 3:23.
h „kohto me ce ibhbii Ha Hac" To3h CTPAflATEJlEH 3AJlor ce oraaca ao aeHHOCTra Ha Bora hjih Ha flyxa
(bjk. ct. 20). BapBaimrre 5KireeaT b to3h 5khbot npe3 Bapa, He npe3 BiciyiaHe (bjk. ct. 24 h I Kop. 2:9; 13:12;
IIKop. 5:7hEbp. 11:1).
8:19 „cbc ciuieH Koimeac TBopemieTO onaKBa" ®H3HHecKOTO TBopemie e nepcomKjtHHHpaHO KaTO HOBeK,
kohto ce e Brne^an b xopn30HTa h Ttpcn Hemo. Ilpn 6yHTa Ha A^aM h EBa TBopeHHeTO ce npoMeHa
HamjiHO HeraTHBHO (bjk. Eht. 3:17-19). LEijioto TBopeHne b KpaiiHa CMeTKa me Gt^e H3KyneHO (ocBeH
139
pasGymyBajiHTe ce aHrejm, HeBapBamirre xopa h mjictoto Ha H30JiauHH, npHroTBeHO 3a Tax, B5K. Bruce
Corley and Curtis Vaughan, Romans, CTp. 95, 6en. 46).
| Ciieijhajiho noromiE: ECTECTBEHHflT CBJIT
D.
BtBeaeHiie
ILtjioto TBopeHne e cueHa Ha nioGoBHaTa HCTopna Meacjry Bora h xopaTa.
To cbujo ynacTBa b naAemieTO (bjk. Bht. 3:17; 6:1 h cji.; Phmji. 8:18-20). To cbujo nje Gt^e
BKjnoHeHO hb ecxaTOJionrqecKOTO H3KynneHHe (bjk. Hcaa 11:6-9; Phmji. 8:20-22; Oricp. 21-22).
FpeniHOTO, na/rHano HOBenecTBO H3ue5K/ia npHpo^aTa c eroHCTHHHO HeBe5KecTBO. Eto e^HH
HHTaT ot The Canon of Westminster ot Edward Carpenter:
,HoBeKi>T HeyMopHO aTaKyBa b rjioGaneH koht6kct BceneHaTa okojio Hero - Eo5KHeTO
TBopeHne - KaTO 3aMi>pcaBa BT>3/ryxa, BO^HHTe pe3epBH, noHBaTa, OTCHHa ropnTe, 6e3 ^a
mhcjih 3a /rtjirocpoHHHTe e<j)eKTH ot TOBa 6e3orjieAHO ymnuojiceHHe. Ta3H aTaKa e
6e3npHHHHnHa h HeicoopAHHHpaHa. BioGnje He ce oGpinja BHHMaHHe Ha npHpo/rHHH
GanaHC h OTTaM h nyBCTBOTO 3a OTroBopHOCT HaMajiaBa ot noKOJieHHe Ha noKOJieHHe."
Hne He caMO Bene 5KbHeM pe3yjiTaTHTe ot 3aMi>pcaBaHeTO h eKcnnoaTHpaHeTO Ha nuaHeTaTa hh,
ho HaniHTe ^eiiCTBHa nje AOBe/iaT ^o onje no-yacacaBanjH nocjieACTBHH.
II. Biif).iciicKii MaTepiiaji
A. CTapHHT 3aBeT
1 . EnTHe rnaBH 1 -3
a. TBopeHneTO e cneuHajmo mscto, ci>3AaAeHO ot Bora 3a oGmgHHe c xopaTa (bjk. Bht.
1:1-25).
b. TBopemieTO e ao6po (bjk. Bht. 1:4,10,12,18,21,25), aopn mhoto ao6po (bjk. Bht.
1:31). To e npe/TBH/ieHO ^a Gt^e CBH^eTencTBO 3a Bora (bjk. lie. 19:1-16).
c. XopaTa ca Haii-BHcniaTa nacT Ha TBopeHneTO (bjk. Bht. 1 :26-27).
d. XopaTa TpaGBa ^a ynpaBjiHBaT (Ha eBp. „#a boast") icaro Bojkhh HacTOHHHUH (bjk.
Bht. 1:28-30; lie. 8:3-8; EBp. 2:6-8). Bor BHHara e 6hji h rue 6i>Ae TBopei; /
fl,T>p5KHTen / H3KynHTen / TocnoA Ha TBopemieTO (bjk. H3x. 19:5; Hob 37-41; lie.
24:1-2; 95:3-5; 102:25; 115:15; 121:2; 124:8; 134:3; 146:6; Hcaa 37:16).
e. HacTOHHHHecTBOTO Ha HOBeica Ha# TBopeHneTO M05Ke #a ce bh/th b EHrae 2:15, „#a
a o6pa6oTBa h na3H" (bjk. JleB. 25:23; I JleT 29:14).
2. Bor oGnna TBopeHneTO, ocoGeHO jkhbothhtb.
a. MoiiceeBHTe 3aKOHH 3a npaBHjiHO OTHonieHne kt>m 5khbothht6
b. YHWH nrpae c JleBnaTaH (bjk. lie. 104:26)
c. Bor ce rpioicH 3a jkhbothhtb (bjk. HoHa 4:11)
d. EcxaTOJinrHHecKOTO npncbCTBHe Ha npHpo^aTa (bjk. Hcaa 11:6-9; Oricp. 21-22)
3 . IIpHpo/iaTa b HHicaKBa CTeneH npocjiaBa Bora.
a. IIcajiM 19:1-6
b. ncajiM29:l-9
c. Hob 37-41
4. npHpo^aTa e emm ot HanHmrre Bor %a noica5Ke jnoGoBTa ch h BepHOCTTa ch kt>m 3aBeTa.
a. BTopo3aKOHHe 27-28 rn.; Ill Hape 17 rn.
b. npopoiiHTe
B. Hobhht 3aBeT
1. Bor e H3aBeH icaro TBopeii. HMa caMO emm TBopeii, TpHeAHHHHH Bor (Ejioxhm b Bht.
1:1; flyxbTB Bht. 1:2 h Hcyc b Hobhh 3aBeT). Bchhko h3bt>h Hero e CbTBopeHO.
a. Jlesmwi 17:24
b. EBpeHll:3
c. OncpoBeHHe 4:11
2. Hcyc e CiTBopHTen, H3npaTeH ot Bora
140
a. HoaH 1:3,10
b. I KopHHTaHH 8:6
c. KonocaHH 1:16
d. EBpeHl:2
3 . HH^npeKTHO b CBOHTe nponoBe/iH Hcyc roBopn 3a Eo5KHJiTa rpioKa 3a npHpo^aTa
a. MaTeii 6:26,28-30, irnmHre b He6eTO h uBeTaTa b noneTO
b. MaTeii 10:29, BpaGneTara
4. IlaBeji 3aaBaBa, ne bchhkh xopa ca OTroBopmi 3a 3HamreTO ch 3a Bora, nojryneHO ot
TBopeHneTO (x e. ecTecTBeHOTO OTKpoBemre, B5K. Phmji. 1:19-20; Oricp. 21-22).
III. 3aKjiioHeHiie
a. Hire 5KHBeeM b to3h ecTecTBeH pea!
b. rpeniHOTO HOBenecTBO cbCHrma Eo5khji %ap Ha npHpo^aTa, Kaicro npaBH h c bchhkh ppyrn
AoGpn ^apoBe ot Bora.
c. To3H ecTecTBeH pea e BpeMeireH. Toii me OTMHHe (II IleT 3:7). Bor boah Hainna cbjit ki>m
HCTopHHecKaTa My KyjiMKHauiui. IpextT me Bjia/ree MH03HHa, ho Bor e onpe/rejinji HeroBHTe
rpaHHiiH. TBopemreTO me Gt/re H3KyneHO (bjk. Phmji. 8:18-25).
e „pa3KpimaHeTo" To3h TepMHH 03HaHaBa „#a ce OTap-bmre 3aBecaTa", 3a m ce h33bh hjih pa3Kpne Hemo.
ToBa e h 3arjiaBHeTO Ha nocjieAHara KHHra Ha Hobhh 3aBeT, „OTKpoBeHHe". 3a btopoto npninecTBHe necTO
ce roBopn KaTO cncpHBaHe hjih H3aB3BaHe (bjk. I Kop. 1:7-8; I IleT 17,13).
e „Ha Eoacinrre cimoBe" ToBa e no3HaTa ceMeiiHa MeTacJtopa, H3noji3BaHa 3a xpHCTHHHHre (bjk. 8:14,16).
Ta roBopn 3a Bor KaTO OTeii h Hcyc KaTO HeroB emiHCTBeH Chh (bjk. HoaH 1:18; 3:16,18; EBp. 1:2; 3:6; 5:8;
7:28; I HoaH 4:9).
B CTapiM 3aBeT H3panji e Eo5Kiuit chh (bjk. Oc. 11:1), ho H,apaT cbiho e Bojkhji chh (bjk. II H,ape rji. 7).
B Hobhh 3aBeT Ta3H H/rea ce cnoMeHaBa 3a m>pBH m>T b MaTeii 5:9 (ct>iho B5K. HoaH 1:12; II Kop. 6:18; Eaji.
3:26; I HoaH 3:1,10; Otkp. 21:7).
8:20
NASB, NKJV, NRSV „TBopeHiieTO 6euie noflHimeHO Ha hcmoiii"
TEV „TBopeHiieTo e ocbacho n& Stae 6e3nojie3Ho"
JB „He no cboh Bima TBopemieTO e HecnocoSHO jxa inntjiHii uejiTa ch"
ToBa M05Ke ^a ce npeBe/ie „cyeTa". H3noji3Ba ce hhkojiko m>TH b CemyarHHra - Hemo 6e3CMHCJieHO,
6e3nojie3HO, 3a (JiajiniHBHTe GoroBe (H/iojiHTe) h npa3HOTaTa. ILtjioto TBopeHne CTaBa 6e3nojie3HO j\&
h3bi>phih irejrra, KoaTO Bor My e onpe/rejnui (bjk. Bht 3:17-19), ho emm Ren Bor me npeMaxHe
npoKjuiTHeTO Ha na/KHHeTO (bjk. Otkp. 22:3). ToBa He e CBerbT TaKbB, KaKbBTO Bor ro e npeABH/nui!
h „Hpej Tojii, Kohto ro iioahhhh, c Haaeacaa" nnArojTLT e b aophct nACHB h 3bho ce OTHaca ao Bora
(bjk. NASB, NKJV, TEV). Toii npeaaBa <J)H3HHecKOTO TBopeHne Ha 6e3CMHCjme:
a. 3apa^H HOBeiHKHH 6yHT
b. KaTO onHT ^a oGtpHe xopaTa oGparao ki>m Ce6e ch (bjk. Btop. ra. 27-29)
ToBa yMHinjieHO 6e3njiOAHe me Gt/re caMO 3a onpe/iejieH nepnoA ot BpeMe. H3KyneHOTO HOBenecTBO Hiia
oGemaHHe 3a (jtroHHecKo Gt/reme (tjijio h cbjit).
Bor 3Hae ot HanajiOTO a Gynra Ha A^aM. Toii ro no3BOJWBa h H36npa aa paGora c na/majiOTO
HOBenecTBO b emm na/maji cbjit. Bor He e npe/iBHAHji CBerbT ^a Gt/re TaKbB. H miMa ^a Gt/re TaKbB
3aBHHarn (bjk. II neT 3:10; Otkp. 21:1-3). Bidk 6ejie5KKHTe Bipxy ..napeiKjia" npn 5:2.
8:21 „caviOTO TBopemie me ce ocboSo/hi ot poSctboto Ha npexoflHOCTTa" npHpo^aTa me 6i> ^e nacT ot
BenHOCTTa (bjk. Hcaa 11:6-10). HeGeTO me Aoime npn HOBOCbTBopeHaTa 3eMa (bjk. MaT 5:18; 24:35; II neT
3:10; Otkp. 21:1). Ei/reinero M05Ke ^a e 3aBpi>maHe ki>m 6jia5KeHCTBOTO Ha E/ieM; oGmeHHe Me^Kjiy Bora h
xopaTa, Me5Kzry hobck h hobck, Me5KJxy xopa h jkhbothh h OTHOineHHeTO Ha xopaTa ki>m 3eMaTa! BnGjinaTa
sanoHBa c Bora, xopaTa h 5khbothht6 b oGmemre h xapMOHHa b rpa^HHaTa (bjk. Bht. 1-2 ra.) h 3aBi>pHiBa no
141
no/ioGeH HanHH (bjk. Otkp. 21-22 rn.).
® „npexOflHOCT" Biok CnEU,HAJIHO nOHilTHE KbM 1:23.
H „b cjiaBHaTa CBoSoaa Ha Eoacinrre aeua" B 14 h 16 ex BapBannxre ca HapeneHH „Eo5khh ^ena", a b 17
ex „HacjieAHHiiH Ha Bora". B 18 cthx ecxaTOJiorHHecKaTa cnaBa Ha Bora ce wistBasa Ha BapBaiinxre. Cera, b
19 cthx TBopeHHeTO onaKBa H3aBaBaHeTO Ha Aenara Ha Bora, ti>h KaTO me cno/jenn TaxHaTa
ecxaTonorHHecKa cnaBa (bjk. 21 ex). BT>3CTaHOBaBaHeTO Ha TBopeHHeTO h ocoGeHO Ha xopaTa me H3m>jiHH
mpBOHaHajiHaTa nen Ha TBopeHHeTO - Bor h xopaTa, cbTBopemi no HeroBHa o6pa3, ^a GtflaT b 6jih3ko
oGmeHHe.
8:22 „hhjioto TBopemie CTeHe" ToBa e ome efl.ua ot ci>CTaBHHTe ayMH cb(c)- Ha IlaBeji: „CTeHe 3aemio c".
BepoaTHO toh caM e cbhhhhji mhoto ot Te3H (J)pa3H. TyK M05Ke 6h hh Bp-bina kt>m EpeMHa 12:4,11 (bjk.
BTop. 27-29 nx), Kb/ieTO 3eMaTa Ha ItopaHji CTpa/ia, 3apaAH 3anycTeHHeTO, npHHHHeHO ot HOBennaui rpax.
H „CTpaaa b po ui.iiih mbkii" B eBpeiicKHTe cpemi Ta3H H^ea ce Hapma necTO „poAHHHHTe mt>kh Ha
HOBaTa epa" (bjk. MapK 13:8). 3opaTa Ha hobhh aeH Ha npaB/ia HaMa aa Hacxbnn 6e3npo6jieMHO.
MopanHHTe h ^yxoBHH ycnoBHa Ha Ta3H na^Hana nnaHeTa me ce BjioniaBaT Bee noBene h noBene (bjk. II
Con. 2:1-12; cbiho h ce/ieMTe nenaTa, tpt>6h h a3BH b Otkp. 5-18 nx).
B to3h KOHTeKCT HMaMe TpH „CTeHaHHa": (1) TBopeHHeTO (ct. 22); (2) BapBannxre (ct. 23) h (3) fl,yxi>T
KaTO 3acxbnHHK (ex 26) - h TpHTe, nopa/ni BnTHe niaBa 3 (MeTaijiopaTa Hjipa ot 16 cthx).
8:23 „iinc... line... HauieTo" MECTOHMEHHilTA ca eiviiJiaTHHHH h noBTopeHH.
H „nbpBirre njioflOBe Ha flyxa" B HOBorp-bUKH e3HK to3h TepMHH ce ronojma 3a „roae5KeH np-bCTeH". ToBa
e aHanorHHHO Ha „neHaTa Ha flyxa" bt>b II KopnHraHH 1:22 h „3ajiora Ha flyxa" bt>b II KopinxraHH 5:5;
KaKTO h Ha EcJiecaHH 1 : 14.
IIipBHTe nnoAOBe b CTapna 3aBeT ca oGemamie 3a Gi^ema 5KeTBa. Te ca chmboji Ha (JtaKra, ne Bor
npHTe5KaBa najiaTa 5KeTBa. JiyxbT e m>pBnaT njiOA Ha HOBaTa epa, KaKTO h Hcyc e m>pBnaT njiOA Ha
Bi>3KpeceHHeTO (bjk. I Kop. 15:20). BapBannxre, KaTO Bojkhh ^ena, Aopn h cera ronHTBaT Hemo ot paAoexra
Ha He6eTO, npe3 CBeraa flyx, kohto oGnraBa b Tax h c Tax. ToBa e OHOBa Hanpe5KeHHe Ha „BeHe", ho „He
ome" Ha 3acxbnHjiHTe ce jipe enoxn. BapBannxre ca rpa5K/iaHH Ha HeGero h oGnTaTejiH Ha 3eMaTa!
b „Hiie CTeHeM b ce6e ch" ToBa ce oraaca ao AHaneKTHHecKOTO Hanpe5KeHHe MesK/iy „BeHe" h „He ome" Ha
3acxbnHjiHTe ce jipe epn. Bo5KHeTO uapcTBO e Ty, ho He e HacxbnHjio. BapBannxre HMaT Bi>3KpeceHHeTO b
5KHBOTa ch, ho BinpeicH TOBa me yMpaT (J)H3HHecKH (bjk. II Kop. 5:2-4). Hne CMe cnaceHH, ho BinpeicH TOBa
rpeniHM (Phmji. 7 rjx).
H „acaflHO onaKBaMe ociiHOBemieTo" OcHHOBaBaHero e cpea jnoGnMHTe ceMeinni MeTaiJtopn Ha IlaBeji 3a
cnaceHneTO (bjk. 15 ct). CnaceHHeTO Ha BapBannxre e npouec, kohto 3anoHBa c e/nio peineHne 3a noKaaHHe
h Bapa h ce pa3BHBa b nofloGne Ha XpncTOC. BapBamHTe HaMa aa Gi^aT H3uajio cnaceHH ao fleHa Ha
Bi>3KpeceHHeTO (bjk. 30 ct. h I HoaH 3:2).
TepMinrbT „0CHH0BaBaHe" e nponycHaT b HaKOH rpmKH piKonHCH (bjk. MSS P , D, F, G h HaKOH
ApeBHH naTHHCKH BepcHH). BicjiiOHeH e oGane b N, A, B, C, HaKOH CTapn naTHHCKH npeBO^H, BynraTa,
cnpHHCKH, KonrcKH h apMeHCKH BepcHH. UBS^ KaTeropH3Hpa BKjiiOHBaHeTO My KaTO „A" (cnrypHo).
H „H3KynBaHeTO Ha HauieTo thjio" To3h TepMHH 03HaHaBa „KynyBaM oGparao". KoHiieniinaTa ce H3noji3Ba
b CTapna 3aBeT 3a onncaHHe Ha ocBoGo/ieHHTe ot poGctbo ot poahhhh (go 'el). IIo-ki>cho ce H3noji3Ba
MeTaiJiopHHHO 3a H36aBjieHHeTO ot Bora Ha namiajiOTO HOBenecTBO ot poGctboto Ha rpexa. LJeHaTa e
6e3rpeniHHa 5khbot Ha Binji-bTeHHa Chh. Bh>k CnEI],HAJIHO 110H5ITHE kim 3:24.
XpncTHaHCTBOTO, no^oGHO Ha K)AaH3Ma (bjk. Hob 14:14-15; 19:25-26; J\an. 12:2), yTBi>p5KAaBa, ne
BapBamHTe me HMaT (J)H3HHecKO (MaKap h He HenpeMeHHO xyMaHOH^HO, B5K. I Kop. 15:35-49) Tano bt>b
142
BenHOCTTa. JJyxoBmne Tena Ha BapBaimrre me 6T>naT cbBipineHO npHroTBeHH 3a 5KHBOTa b HOBaTa epa,
5khbot Ha hhthmho B3aHMOOTHonieHHe c Bora.
8:24 „c Haaeacaa Hue ce cnaciixMe" ToBa e AOPHCT nACHB HH^HKATHB. KaKTO cthx 23 roBopn 3a
6t>AemoTO hh cnaceHHe, Taica cthx 24 roBopn 3a Bene H3Bi>pmeHOTO cnaceHHe npe3 nenoTO Ha flyxa.
Hobh3t 3aBeT H3noji3Ba HaKOJiKO rJlAroJlHH BPEMEHA 3a onncaHHe Ha cnacemieTO.
AOPHCT, fleamia 15:11 (Phmji. 8:24; II Thm. 1:9; Tht 3:5 h Phmji. 13:11 oGenHHaBar AOPHCT c
opHeHTaHHH 3a EEflEEqE BPEME)
nEPOEKT, EiJiecaHH 2:5,8
nPE3EHT, I KopHHTaHH 1:18; 15:2; II KopHHrami 2:15; I Ilerbp 3:21; 4:18
EtflEnjE (icaro nOKA3ATEJI 3A BPEME hjih KOHTeKCTyanHa npenpaTKa), Phmji3hh 5:9,10; 10:9; I Kop.
3:15; Ohji. 1:28; I Coji. 5:8-9; E B peH 1:14; 9:28.
Taica cnaceHHeTO 3anoHBa c pememie Ha Bapa h npontJDicaBa c nponec h HanHH Ha 5khbot Ha Bapa,
kohto en™ neH me Gtne H3m>nHeH noKpaii (bjk. I HoaH 3:2).
8:25 „Hafleacfla" Bh>k CnEUHAJTHO noHflTHE no-npny.
Ciieijhajiho ikhmthe: HAflE5KflA
IlaBeji H3non3Ba to3h TepMHH necTO b pa3JiH x ieH, ho CBi>p3aH cmhcbji. HecTO CTaBa nyMa 3a
H3ni>jiHeHHeTO Ha BapaTa Ha xpHCTHamrre (Hanp. I Thm. 1:1). ToBa M05Ke na ce H3pa3H b cnaBa, BeneH
5khbot, cnaceHHe 3a BenHOCTra, BTopo npninecTBHe h np. H3m>nHeHHeTO e cnrypHO, ho bt>b BpeMeTO
He e acHO Kora me ce cnynn. TepMinrbT necTO ce CBi>p3Ba c „Bapa" h „mo6oB" (bjk. I Kop. 13:13; I
Con. 1:3; II Con. 2:16). Eto nacTHneH cnncbK Ha HaKOH ot HanHmrre, no kohto IlaBeji ynoTpeGaBa
TepMHHa:
1. Btopoto npninecTBHe, TajiaTaHH 5:5; EiJiecaHH 1:18; 4:4; Tht 2:13
2. Hcyc e HaniaTa Hane5Kna, I THMOTeii 1 : 1
3. BapBamiiaT me Gtne npencTaBeH npen Bora, KonocaHH 1:22-23; I ConyHUH 2:19
4. Hane5Knara e roaBeHa b HeGero, KonocaHH 1:5
5. YnoBaHHe b GnaroBecTHeTO, KonocaHH 1:23; I ConyHUH 2: 19
6. CnaceHHe 3a BeHHOcrra, KonocaHH 1:5; I ConyHUH 4:13; 5:8
7. CnaBaTa Ha Bora, PHMnami 5:2, II KopHHrami 3:12; KonocaHH 1:27
8. CnaceHHeTO Ha e3HHHHUHTe npe3 Xphctoc, KonocaHH 1:27
9. YBepeHOCT b cnaceHHeTO, I ConyHUH 5:8
10. BeneH 5KHBOT, Tht 1:2; 3:7
1 1 . Pe3ynraTHTe ot xpncTHaHCKaTa 3panocT, PHMnami 5 : 2-5
12. H3KynneHHeTO Ha nanoTO TBopemie, PnMnaHH 8:20-22
13. H3m>nHeHHeTO Ha ocHHOBaBaHeTO, PHMnami 8:23-25
14. TnTna 3a Bora, PHMnami 15:13
15. }KenaHHeTO Ha IlaBen 3a BapBaiuiiTe, II KopHHTaHH 1:7
16. CTapnaT 3aBeT KaTO m>TeBonHTen 3a HOB03aBeTHHTe BapBanra, PHMnami 15:4
H „c TtpneHiie" flyiviaTa hupomone ce H3non3Ba ci>mo h b 5:3 h 15:4-5. CnaceHHeTO Ha BapBaimrre e b
nponec Ha H3rpa5KnaHe h eniiH neH me 6i>ne H3m>nHeHO. T-bpnemieTO (bjk. Otkp. 2:8,11,17,26; 3:5,12,21;
21:7) e Hy>KHOTO nom>nHeHHe 3a GanracTKaTa yBepeHOCT „BenHi>5K cnaceH, 3aBHHarn cnaceH". IIoBeHeTO
GnGneiiCKH hcthhh ca H3aBeHH b niianeKTHHHH nBoiiKH, H3m>nHemi c Hanpe5KeHHe.
| CnEijHAJiHO noHHTHE: Hyac^ATA flA yCTOJIBAME
BnGneHCKHTe noKipHHH 3a xpHCTHaHCKHa 5khbot ca TpynHH 3a oGacHeHne, 3amoTO ca
npencTaBeHH b TimiPiHH h3tohhh nHaneKTHHHH nBoinai. Te H3rne5KnaT npoTHBopenHBH, ho ocTaBaT
GnGneHCKH. 3ananHHTe xpncTHaHH oGnKHOBeHO H36npaT enHa HCTHHa h npeHeGperaaT npyima.
143
Heica asm npnMep 3a TOBa.
CnaceHneTO e/rHOKpaTHO peniemie 3a ynoBaBaHe b Xpncroc jih e, hjih nocBemeHHe Ha
yneHHHecTBO 3a Haji 5khbot?
CnaceHneTO H36op no Gjiaro/iaT ot cyBepemnia Bor jih e, hjih ottobop Ha noicaaHHTe h
BapBaiini xopa Ha 6o5KecTBeHOTO npe/iji05KeHHe?
Bi>3mo5kho jih e CnaceHneTO, BeAHi>5K nojiyneHO, ^a 6i>Ae H3ry6eHO, hjih to ocTaBa 3aBHHarH
BapHO?
TeMaTa 3a ycToaBaHero He e Gnna e^HHHa b irtpKOBHaTa ncTopna. npo6jieMi>T 3anoHBa c hjikojiko
npHBH/iHO kohiJijihkthh naca5Ka b HoBna 3aBeT:
1 . TeKCTOBe 3a yBepeHOCTTa
a. H3aBjieHHH Ha Hcyc (HoaH 6:37; 10:28-29)
b. H3aBjieHHH Ha naBeji (Phmji. 8:35-39; Eijiec. 1:13; 2:5,8-9; Ohji. 1:6; 2:13; II Coji. 3:3; II
Thm. 1:12; 4:18)
c. H3aBjieHHH Ha Ilerbp ( I Ilerbp 1 :4-5)
2. TeKCTOBe 3a wyaajiaTa ot ycroaBaHe
a. roaBjieHHH Ha Hcyc (MaT 10:22; 13:1-9,24-30; 24:13; MapK 13:13; HoaH 8:31; 15:4-10;
Orap. 2:7,17,20;3:5,12,21)
b. H3aBjieHHa Ha naBeji (Phmji. 11:22; I Kop. 15:2; II Kop. 13:5; Taji. 1:6; 3:4; 5:4; 6:9;
Ohji. 2:12; 3:18-20; Koji. 1:23)
c. H3aBjieHHa Ha aBTopa Ha EBpen (2:1; 3:6,14; 4:14; 6:11)
d. H3aBjieHHH Ha HoaH (I HoaH 2:6; II HoaH ct. 9)
e. H3aBjieHHH Ha OTeii (Chrcp. 21:7)
BnGjieiiCKOTO cnaceHHe njipa ot jiioGoBTa, MHjiocTTa h Gjiaro^aTTa Ha cyBepemiaTa TpHe/rnHHa
Tponna. Hhkoh He M05Ke ^a ce cnacn 6e3 acjioto Ha flyxa (bjk. HoaH 6:44,65). HbpBO njipa Bor h
nocTaBa ^HeBHiia pea, ho H3HCKBa h ottobop Ha Bapa h noicaaHHe ot xopaTa, KaKTO b HanajiOTO, Taica
h HenpecTaHHO cjie/i TOBa. Bor paGora c xopaTa b 3aBeTHO B3aHMOOTHOineHHe. B TOBa HMa
npHBHjierHH h OTroBopHOCTn!
CnaceHneTO ce npe/ijiara Ha bchhkh xopa. CMipTTa Ha Hcyc pa3penin npoGjieMa c rpexa Ha
na^HajiOTO TBopeHne. Bor e ocHrypnji ni>T n ncica bchhkh, kohto ca CBTBopemi no HeroB o6pa3, ^a
OTroBopaT Ha jnoGoBTa My h cnacemieTO npe3 Hcyc.
Ako HcicaTe ^a nponeTeTe noBene no TeMaTa ot HeicajiBHHHCTHHHa mejma TOHKa, BicKre:
1. Dale Moody, The Word of Truth, Eerdmans, 1981 (pp. 348-365)
2. Howard Marshall, Kept by the Power of God, Bethany Fellowship, 1969
3. Robert Shank, Life in the Son, Westcott, 1961
no Ta3n TeMa EnGjinaTa o6pi>ma BHHMamie Ha js&a npoGjieMa: (1) aa He ce B3eMa yBepeHOCTTa
KaTO no3BOJieHHe ^a ce 5KHBee eroHCTHHeH 5khbot 6e3 njiOA n (2) ^a He ce HacbpnaBaT OHe3H, kohto
HMaT npoGjieMH c rpax b 5KHBOTa en hjih b cjryaceHHeTO en. npo6jieMi>T e b TOBa, ne HenpaBHjiHH
rpynn nyBaT HenpaBnjiHO nocjiamie n rpa^aT GorocjiOBCKH chctcmh Bi>pxy Heni>jiHH GnGjieiiCKH
naca5KH. Hjikoh xpHCTHami HMaT OTnaaHa Hy5K/ia ot nocjiaHHeTO Ha yBepeHOCT, ^oicaTO /rpyrn TpaGBa
Aa nyaT cepno3HO npe/rynpejiyieHHe! Bne b Koa rpyna CTe?
HHTAT OT BtJirAPCKHfl IIPEBOfl B£P£H — 8:26-27
^" TaKa ci>mo h J\yxbT hh noMara b HaniaTa cjiaGocT 3amoTO He 3HaeM 3a KaKBO j\a ce mojihm KaKTO
Tpa6Ba; ho CaMnaT Jfyx ce 3acn>nBa 3a Hac b HeroroBopHMH CTeHaHHa. *•' A To3h, kohto H3CJie/rBa
ci>piiaTa, 3Hae KaKtB e yMi>T Ha flyxa, 3amoTO Ton ce 3acTi>nBa 3a CBeTHHTe no Bo5KHaTa BOJia.
HHTAT OT AHDIHHCKHJI nPEBOfl NASB — 8:26-27
26in the same way the Spirit also helps our weakness; for we do not know how to pray as we
should, but the Spirit Himself intercedes for us with groanings too deep for words; ^and He who
searches the hearts knows what the mind of the Spirit is, because He intercedes for the saints
according to the will of God.
144
8:26 „ liika cbmo" ToBa CBi>p3Ba cjry5KeHHeTO Ha 3acxbnHHHecTBO Ha flyxa ct>c ..CTeHaHneTO h Hajxemjiara"
ot CTHxoBe 23-25.
m „n flyxtT noiviara" ToBa e b CErALUEH CPE^EH HH^HKATHB. JfyMara e abohho cbCTaBHa - ot ch(c)- h
anmu- nacTH. Haii-AoGpe ce npeBe^a „3aeMa ce ct>c". To3h TepMHH ce cpema caMO TyK h b Jlyica 10:40.
TpneAHHHHaT Bor ce npefljiara Ha BapBanpiTe b m>jiHOTa. OTeii e H3npaTHji CnHa aa yMpe 3a xopaTa, KaTO
cneA TOBa ce 3acxbnBa 3a Hac (bjk. ct. 34; I HoaH 2:1). JJyxBT boah naAHajiHre xopa kt>m Xphctoc h
(JiopMHpa XpncTOC b Tax (bjk. HoaH 16:8-15). DrarojrbT ..noMaraM", kohto 03HaHaBa „3aeMaM ce c HaKoro ",
noKa3Ba, ne BapBamHre cbiho ynacTBaT b ocbinecTBaBaHeTO Ha noMomra Ha flyxa (3acrbnBaHe).
H „caviiiHT JSyx ce 3acTbnBa 3a Hac b iicinroBopiiviii CTeHamiH" BapBamHre CTeHaT b naAHanoTO ch
CbCToaHne, a JJyxbT CTeHe, AOKaTO ce 3acxbnBa 3a Tax. ffyxbT, kohto 5KHBee b H3KyneHHTe, ce mojih 3a Tax,
KaKTO h Hcyc, kohto e ot^hcho Ha Bora (bjk. ct. 27,34; EBp. 9:24; I HoaH 2:1). ToBa 3acrbnBaHe p&Ba cnjia
Ha BapBaiHiw 3a MOJiHTBa (bjk. ct. 15; Tan. 4:6). B KonreKCTa to3h naca5K He ce oraaca ao AyxoBHHa ^ap
roBopeHe Ha e3HHH, a 3a 3acxbnHHHecTBOTO Ha flyxa npea OTeii 3a BapBamHre.
h „3acTBnBa" 3a to3h raaroji b>k. CnEliHAJiHO notWTHE: CJIOaCHH flYMH C IIPEflCTABKATA
„HUPER-"kt,m1:30.
8:27 „To3H, Kohto incjieflBa ctpuaTa" ToBa e necTO noBTapama ce TeMa b CTapna 3aBeT (bjk. I Hape 2:7;
16:7; III Hape 8:39; I JIex 28:9; II Hex 6:30; nc. 7:9; 44:21; lip. 15:11; 20:27; 21:2; EpeM. 11:20; 17:9-10;
20:12; JlyKa 16: 15; J{esm. 1:24; 15:8). Bor HancTHHa hh no3HaBa h Bee ome hh oGnna (bjk. lie. 139).
H „Toh ce 3acTBnBa 3a CBeTiniTe" £I,eHHOCTHTe Ha flyxa ca roaBeHH aBHO b HoaH 16:2-15. E^ma ot Tax e
3acrbnHHHe ctboto .
TepMHHi>T „CBeTHH" BHHarH e b MHCDKECTBEHO miCJIO, ocBeH bi>b ®HjiHnaHH 4:21, Kt/ieTO ci>mo ce
OTHaca ao bchhkh BapBamH. XpncTHaHHTe ca HjieHOBe Ha Bo5KHeTO ceMeiicTBO, Ha TanoTO Xphctobo, Te ca
HOBHaT xpaM, H3AHrHaT ot OT/iejiHHTe BapBamH. ToBa e mhoto Ba5KeH GorocjiOBCKH GanaHC 3a 3anaAHHa
(aMepHKaHCKHa) HHAHBHAyajiH3i>M. Bjk. CnEL[HAJIHO nOHilTHE: CBETHH npn 1:7.
| CnEL(HAJlHO noHHTHE: JIHHHOCTTA HA JiyXA
1
ToBa e m>pBHaT m>T b PHMjiaHH, KoraTO ce roBopn 3a CBeTHa Jlyx KaTO jihhhoct (He e mpBaTa
ynoTpeGa no npHHinrn, bjk. 5:5; 9:1; 14:17; 15:13,16). B CTapna 3aBeT „Bo5KHaT JSyx" (hjih ruach) e
cnjia, i
<oaTO H3ni>jiHaBa uejiHre Ha YHWH, ho imKbpg He CTaBa acHO ^arai e jihhhoct (cTapo3aBeTeH
MOHOTeH3i>M). B HoBHa 3aBeT oGane ce BioK/ia b m>jiHOTa jiHHHOCxra Ha flyxa.
1.
Mo5Ke HaKoii ^a GoroxyjiCTBa npoTHB Hero (bjk. Max 12:31; MapK 3:29)
2.
Toft noynaBa (bjk. JlyKa 12:12; HoaH 14:26)
3.
Toft CBH/ieTejiCTBa (bjk. HoaH 15:26)
4.
Toft H3o6jiHHaBa h Ham>TCTBa (bjk. HoaH 16:7-15)
5.
HapeneH e „kohto" (hjih hos) (bjk. Eijiec. 1:14)
6.
Mo5Ke ff,a 6hff,e HacKtpGeH (bjk. Eijiec. 4:30)
7.
Mo5Ke ff,a 6hff,e yraceH (bjk. I Con. 5: 19)
TeKCTOBeTe 3a TpoHuara roBopaT 3a Tpn jihhhocth:
1.
MaTeii28:19
2.
II KopHHTaHH 13:14
3.
I nexbp 1:2
flyxbT ce CBi>p3Ba c HOBeniKHre nejia:
1.
flearaia 15:28
2.
PHMjiaHH 8:26
3.
I KopHHTaHH 12:11
4.
E(J>ecaHH4:30
145
5. I ConyHiiH 5:15
B caMOTO Hanano Ha Jleniam ce nonnepTaBa ponaTa Ha flyxa. neTnecaTHnna He e HananoTO Ha
paGoTaTa Ha flyxa, a e HOBa rnaBa. Hcyc BHHarn e HMan flyxa. HeroBOTO Kp-bineHne He e HananoTO Ha
nenoro Ha flyxa, a Hcma rnaBa. JlyKa nonroTBa ntpKBaTa 3a ronano HOBa rnaBa Ha eijteKTHBHO
cny5KeHHe. Hcyc e naic b nenrbpa, ho JJyxbT e eijieierHBHOTO cpencTBO, a KpaiiHaTa Hen e nioGoBTa,
nponiKaTa h BKCTaHOBaBaHeTO Ha bchhkh xopa cnopen HeroBna o6pa3!
HHTAT OT EBJITAPCKHJI IimBOR BEPEH— 8:28-30
2° Ho 3HaeM, ne bchhko CT>nencTBa 3a no6po Ha Te3n, kohto nioGaT Bora, kohto ca nprooBami cnopen
HeroBOTO HaMepemie. ™ 3amoTO, kohto npeny3Ha, Tax h npenonpenenn na GtnaT ei>o6pa3HH c o6pa3a Ha
HeroBna Chh, 3a na Gtne Toft irtpBoponeH Me5icny mhoto 6paTa; ^ a kohto npenonpenenn, Tax h nprooBa;
a kohto npH30Ba, Tax h onpaBna; a kohto onpaBna, Tax h npocnaBH.
HHTAT OT AHDIHHCKHJI nPEBOfl NASB — 8:28-30
28 And we know that God causes all things to work together for good to those who love God, to
those who are called according to His purpose. 29por those whom He foreknew, He also predestined to
become conformed to the image of His Son, so that He would be the firstborn among many brethren;
30and these whom He predestined, He also called; and these whom He called, He also justified; and
these whom He justified, He also glorified.
8:28 „bciihko" flpeBHorp'bHKHTe ptKonncn A h B Ka3BaT: „Eor npnHHHaBa bchhko". nannpycbT P^o
npennara „Eor" Kara nonnor Ha „pa6oTH 3aenHo". EpaMaTHHecKH e bt>3mo5kho nonnon>T Ha cthx 28 na e
„ r Jyxi>T" (b5k. ct. 27 h NEB h REB). To3h cthx ce oraaca ci>ino h no „CTpanaHHaTa" ot of CTHxoBe 17-18;
KaKTO h no ..CTeHamiaTa" ot cthx 23. HaMa TaKOBa He mo KaTO KbCMeT, CT>n6a nnn inaHC 3a BapBainnre.
h „bciihko cbfleiiCTBa 3a aoSpo" ToBa e CErAiUEH akthb hh^hkathb. TyK cbino HMaMe cbCTaBHa nyMa c
npencTaBKa ch(c)- (bjk. ct. 26). EyKBanHO (J)pa3aTa 03HaHaBa ..bchhko nponi>n5KaBa na neiicTBa b
CbTpynHHHecTBO 3a no6po". ToBa e TpynHa KOHnennna b enHH CBaT Ha 3no h CTpanaHHe (nBe none3HH KHnrn
no TeMaTa ca The Goodness of God by Wenham and Hannah Whithall Smith, The Christian 's Secret of a
Happy Life). „/Ip6poTo" TyK e roaBeHO b cthx 29 Kara „TOBa, KoeTO e cnopen o6pa3a Ha HeroBHa Chh".
Eo5KHaT nnaH 3a BceKH BapBain He e GnaroneHCTBne, ycnex nnn 3npaBe, a nonoGne Ha XpncTOC.
H „Te3H, kohto jhoSht Bora, kohto ca npinoBami cnopea HeroBOTO HaMepemie" ToBa ca CErAfflHH
AKTHBHH HAPEHHiL TyK HMaMe nBe ycnoBHa, kohto no3BonaBar Ha BapBamna na rnena Ha 5KHBOTa,
He3aBHCHMO ot oGcroaTencTBaTa, b enHa no3HTHBHa CBeTnHHa (bjk. 15 ct). 3a6ene5KeTe othobo nBOHHna
3aBeTeH acneKT Ha HOBenncaTa CBoGona („nio6oB") h Ha Eo5Kna cyBepeHHTeT („npH30BaHH").
8:29-30 EnaronHTe b Te3H cthxobc ca b AOPHCT AKTHB HHflHKATHB. Te (JtopMnpaT enHa nHHHa, 3anoHBama
ot npenn HananoTO Ha BpeMe, naK noKaTO BpeMeTO HaMa Bene na CbinecTByBa. Eor hh no3HaBa h HCKa HHe
na 6i>neM c Hero. ToBa e rpynoB kohtckct, He HHnnBnnyaneH. nocnenHHaT aKT Ha npocnaBaHe Bee ome e b
6i>nenieTO, ho b to3h kohtckct ce pa3rne5Kna KaTO Bene H3m>nHeH.
8:29 „npefly3Ha" naBen H3non3Ba to3h TepMHH npa iti>th - TyK h b 11:2. B 11:2 toh ce OTHaca no Eo5KnaTa
3aBeTHa nioGoB kt>m H3pann ot npenn HananoTO Ha BpeMem J\& He 3a6paBaMe, ne marom>T „no3HaBaM" Ha
eBpencKH e3HK ce OTHaca no hhthmho, nnnHO B3anMOOTHomeHne, a He no 3HaeHe Ha (jiaKra 3a HaKoro (bjk.
Eht. 4:1; EpeM. 1:5). TyK e BKmoHeHO b pennna cbGhthh (bjk. ct. 29-30). TepMnm>T e CBi>p3aH c
npenonpeneneHneTO. Tpa6Ba oGane na Ka5KeM, ne Eo5KneTO npeny3HaHne He e ocHOBamie 3a H36opa,
noHe5Ke, aKO 6eme TaKa, H36opi>T Ha Bora njeme na 3aBncn ot 6i>neinaTa peaKiina Ha nanHanoTO
HOBenecTBO, KoeTO 6n 6nno HOBeniKO neno. To3n TepMHH ce cpenja ciino n b fl,eaHna 26:5; I nerbp 1:2,20 n
IineTbp3:17.
H „npeflonpeflejni" JSymwiQ „npeny3Ha" (proginosko) n „npenonpenenn" (proorizo) ca cbCTaBHH nyMn c
npencTaBKaTa „npen-" (pro) n 3aTOBa TpaGBa na ce npeBe5KnaT „y3Ha npenBapnTenHo", „nocTaBn nenTa
146
npeABapHTejiHo" hjih „OT6ejia3a npeABapnrejiHo".
KoHKpeTHHTe naca5KH 3a npeAonpeAeJiemieTO b Hobhh 3aBeT ca Phmjdihh 8:28-30; E(j)ecaHH 1:3-14 n
Phmjishh 9 rn. Te3H TeKCTOBe KareropHHHO 3aaBaBaT, ne Bor e cyBepeH. Ton KOHTpojinpa bchhko,
BKjuoHHTejiHO n HOBenncaTa ncTopna. IlnairbT 3a H3KynjieHne e nocTaBeH npeABapnrejiHO n ce H3m>jmaBa
bi>b BpeMeTO. To3h nnaH oGane He 3aBncn ot cjiynaiiHOCTTa. Toft ce ocHOBaBa He caMO Ha Eo5Kna
cyBepemrreT h npeAy3HaHne, ho h Ha HenpoMemiMHa My xapaKTep Ha jhoGob, mhjioct h He3acjry5KeHa
GnaroAax
B HaniHH 3ana/ieH HHAHBHAyajiH3i>M TpaGBa ^a BHHMaBaMe b eBaHrejicicaTa ch peBHOCT ^a He ouBeTHM
no CBoeMy Ta3H npeKpacHa HCTHHa. TpaGBa ^a ce na3HM h ^a He ce nojiapronpaMe b HCTopHHecKHTe h
GorOCJIOBCKH KOH(j)JIHKTH - ABiyCTHH CpeiHy IlejiarHH HJIH KajIBHHH3Ma Cpeiny apMHHHaHCTBOTO.
IIpeAonpeAeJieHHeTO He e AOKrpnHa, KoaTO orpampiaBa Eo5KHaTa jik>6ob, Gjiaro/iaT h mhjioct, hhto
H3Kjiio x iBa roiKoro ot oGxBaTa Ha GjiaroBecTneTO. Ta ipaGBa aa js&jiq cnjia Ha BapBamnTe n aa (JiopMnpa
CBeTorjie^a hm. Bor e 3a najioTO HOBenecTBO (bjk. HoaH 3:16; I Thm. 2:4; II Ilex 3:9). Bor Kompojinpa
bchhko. Koii hjih KaKBO M05Ke && hh pa3Aejin ot Hero (bjk. Phmji. 8:31-39)? IIpeAonpeAejieHHeTO (JiopMnpa
e/niH ot /iBa bi>3M05khh CBeTorjie/ia. 3a Bora ncTopnaTa e Hacroama. XopaTa ca orpampieHH ot BpeMem
HaniaTa nepcneKTHBa h yMCTBemi bi>3mo5khocth ca orpampieHH. HHMa npoTHBopenne Me5K#y Bojkhji
cyBepeHHTeT h CBoGo/maTa bojih Ha HOBeKa. ToBa e e/nia 3aBeTHa CTpyKTypa. Ci>mo e ome e^nm npnMep 3a
AHajieKTHnecKO Hanpe5KeHHe b 6n6jieiiCKa HCTHHa. EnGjiencicHTe aoktphhh necTO ce npe^CTaBaT ot
pa3JiHHHH nepcneKTHBH. HecTO Te3H nepcneKTHBH H3rjie5KnaT napaAOKcajmn. HcTHHaTa e GajiaHC Me5Kny
npHBH/iHO npoTHBonocTaBamn ce abohkh. Hne He Girea #a npeMaxBaMe Hanpe5KeHHeTO, KaTO roGnpaMe
e/nia ot Te3H hcthhh. He Girea #a roojinpaMe jiajieiia 6n6jieiicKa HCTHHa, icaro a acjihm Bi>TpeinHO.
Ba5KHO e aa ^oGaBHM ci>mo, ne nejiTa Ha roGopa He e aa ora/ieM Ha HeGero, KoraTO yMpeM, a aa Gt^eM
nofloGHH Ha Xpncroc /niec (bjk. E(J)ec. 1:4; 2:10)! Hne CMe H36paHH j\a Gt^e ..cbsth h 6e3 nemo". Bor
peniaBa ^a hh npoMemi, 3a ji,a BmKp&T ^pyrnre npoMemrre h %a OTroBapaT c Bapa b XpncTOC.
IIpeAonpeAejieHHeTO He e jinna npnBnjierna, a 3aBeTHa ottobophoct!
h „da (rbdam cto6pa3Hii c o6pa3a Ha HeroBiia Chh" ToBa e ocHOBHaTa HCTHHa Ha to3h naca5K. ToBa e h
nejiTa Ha xpncTnaHCTBOTO (bjk. Taji. 4: 19; E(J)ec. 4:13). CBeTOCTTa e Eo5KnaTa bojm 3a BceKH BapBam. Bor hh
roGnpa aa GtfleM noAoGmi Ha XpncToc (bjk. E(J)ec. 1:4), a He aa HMaMe cnennajmo noji05KeHne. 06pa3i>T Ha
Bora, nap&n Ha xopaTa npn CBTBopemieTO (bjk. Bht. 1:26; 5:1,3; 9:6) TpaGBa ^a ce Bi>3CTaHOBH (bjk. Koji.
3:10). Bh>k KOMemapa Ha 8:21 h CnEljHAJfflO noHilTHE: IIPH30BAH k-bm 1:6.
H „3a jx& Stfle Toil ntpBopoaeH Meacay mhoto 6paTa" B IIcajiM 89:27 „m>pBopofleH" e THTjia Ha Mecna. B
CTapiM 3aBeT mpBopoAHHaT chh HMa npHBHjierHH h npe^HMCTBO bi>b bchhko. JJyMaTa ce H3noji3Ba b
Kojiocjihh 1:15, 3a ^a noica5Ke Bi>pxoBeHCTBOTO Ha Hcyc HaA TBopeHHeTO, Kaiero h b Kojiocshh 1:18 h
OTicpoBemie 1:5, Kt/ieTO BH5K/iaMe Bi>pxoBeHCTBOTO Ha Hcyc bi>b Bi>3KpeceHHeTO. B to3h tckct BapBamHTe
npe3 Hero nojiynaBaT mpBopoACTBO !
To3h TepMHH He ce OTHaca ao BinjiimeHHeTO Ha Hcyc, a To pa3rjie5K/ia icaro raaBa Ha hob poA (bjk.
5:12-21), mpBHaT ot MH03HHa, kohto orbnicBa ni>TeKaTa Ha HaniaTa Bapa, KaHaji Ha GjiarocjiOBeHnaTa Ha
OTeu 3a ceMeiiCTBOTO Ha BapaTa! Bick CnELl,HAJIHO nOHilTHE no-AOJiy.
| CnEijHAJiHO noHATHE: ni»PBOPO^EH
J],yMaTa „ni>pBopoAeH" (prototokos) ce H3noji3Ba b HaKOJiKO pasjiHHHn acneKTa b BnGjinaTa:
1. B CTapna 3aBeT e npeAHMCTBOTO Ha mpBopoAHHa chh b ceMeiiCTBOTO (bjk. nc. 89:27;
JlyKa 2:7; Phmji. 8:29; EBp. 11:28).
2. B KojiocaHH 1:15 ce roBopn 3a Hcyc icaro ni>pBHa b TBopemieTO, KoeTO BepoaTHO e
CTapo3aBeTHa npenpaTica ki>m npHTHH 8:22-31, hjih icaro ronpaTeH ot Bora npn
CbTBopemieTO (bjk. HoaH 1:3; I Kop. 8:6; Koji. 1:15-16; EBp. 1:2)
3. B KojiocaHH 1:18; I KopHHrami 15:20 (h iyK) CTaBa AyMa 3a Hcyc KaTO m>pBopoAHna ot
MipTBHTe.
4. ToBa e CTapo3aBeTHa THTjia 3a Mecna (bjk. nc. 89:27; EBp. 1:6; 12:23). Ta KOMGnmipa
HaKOJiKO acneKTa Ha neHrpajiHiia xapaKTep Ha jinHHOcrra Ha Hcyc.
B T03H KOHTeKCT 3. hjih 4. H3rjie5KnaT Han-^oGpoTO rbjiKyBamie.
147
8:30 „npocjiaBii" B EnGjinaTa Bor necTO ce onncBa c TepMHHa „CBaT". JlyMaTa njipa ot TtproBCKH TepMHH,
kohto 03HaHaBa ,,Te5Ki>K" h OTTaM - ueHeH, KaTO 3naTO. Bh>k CnEL[HAJlHO ITOH5ITHE npn 3:23. BorocnoBCKH
Bor H3KyiiBa naAHajiOTO HOBenecTBO npe3 nopeAHua crbnicH, onHcami b craxcme 29-30. IIocjieAHaTa ot
Te3H ctbiikh e ..npocjiaBaHeTo". ToBa e 3aBT>piiiBaHeTO Ha npoueca Ha cnacemie Ha BapBamHre. To me ce
cnyHH b ^eHa Ha BT>3KpeceHHeTO, KoraTO Te me nonynaT hobh nyxoBHH Tejia (bjk. I Kop. 15:50-58) h me
HMaT itbjiho e^HHeHHe c TpHCznonnra Bor h emm c Apyr (bjk. I Con. 4:13-18; I HoaH 3:2).
HHTAT OT EBJITAPCKHJI IimBORBEPEH— 8:31-39
3 1 H TaKa, KaKBO j\& Ka5KeM 3a TOBa? Ako Bor e otkt>m Hac, koh me (yhffg npoTHB Hac? 32 Ton, kohto He
nomami Cboji CoGcTBeH Chh, a To aa^e 3apa^H bchhkh Hac, KaK HaMa aa hh noaapH 3ae/nro c Hero h
bchhko? -" Koii me o6bhhh Eo5KHHre H36paHH? Bor e, kohto th onpaB/iaBa! 34 Koh e oh3h, kohto me rn
ocb^H? XpncTOC Hncyc e, kohto yivipa, a ome h Genie Bi>3KpeceH ot MipTBHTe, kohto e ot AacHaTa CTpaHa
Ha Bora, h kohto ce 3acrbnBa 3a Hac. 3* Koii me hh otjti>hh ot XpncTOBaTa jik>6ob? Ckpt>6 jih, hjih CTpax,
hjih roHemie, hjih nra/i, hjih rojiOTa, hjih Ge^a, hjih Men? 3o KaKTO e nncaHo: „3apaAH Te6 CMe yGireaHH uaji
ffgn; CHHTaHH CMe KaTO OBue 3a KjiaHe." 37 Ho bt>b bchhko TOBa CMe noBene ot noGe^HTejiH npe3 To3h,
kohto hh e bi>3jiio6hji. 3o noHe5Ke cbm yBepeH, ne hhto cmt>pt, hhto 5khbot, hhto aHrejin, hhto BjiacTH,
hhto ceraniHOTO, hhto Gt^emeTO, hhto chjih, 3" hhto BHCOHHHa, hhto AtJiSoHHHa, hhto Koe fl& 6hjio Apyro
ci>3AaHHe me M05Ke ^a hh otjibhh ot Eo5KHaTa jiioGob, kohto e b Xphctoc Hncyc, Hanma Lbcnofl.
HHTAT OT AHDIHHCKHJI nPEBOfl NASB — 8:31-39
31 What then shall we say to these things? If God is for us, who is against us? 32jie who did not
spare His own Son, but delivered Him over for us all, how will He not also with Him freely give us all
things? 33\Vho w m bring a charge against God's elect? God is the one who justifies; ^^who is the one
who condemns? Christ Jesus is He who died, yes, rather who was raised, who is at the right hand of
God, who also intercedes for us. ^^Who will separate us from the love of Christ? Will tribulation, or
distress, or persecution, or famine, or nakedness, or peril, or sword? -*6just as ft is written, „FOR
Your sake we are being put to death all day long; We were considered as sheep to be
slaughtered." -^But j n a n these things we overwhelmingly conquer through Him who loved us.
•^For I am convinced that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor things present, nor
things to come, nor powers, 39 nor height, nor depth, nor any other created thing, will be able to
separate us from the love of God, which is in Christ Jesus our Lord.
8:31 „H TaKa, KaKBO jx& KaaceM 3a TOBa?" ToBa b qjxro ot jnoGnMHTe ropeHeHHa Ha IlaBeji. B Hero toh
npe^CTaBa CBoaTa (JHunnnnca (bjk. 3:5; 4:1; 6:1; 7:7; 9:14,30). To3h Binpoc ce oraaca ao npeABapHTejiHO
noAneceHa HCTHHa. He e cnrypHO aokbac Ha3a/i b TeKCTa ce npocTHpa 3HaHeHHeTO My. Toil 6h mofbji #a ce
oraaca 3a 3:21-31 hjih 8:1, hjih 8:18. 3apa/ni ynoTpeGaTa Ha AyMaTa „3aTOBa" b 8:1 h KOHTeKCTa okojio Hero,
Haii-BepoaTHOTO npemrc>ji05KeHHe 3a oGxBaTa Ha to3h BMipoc e TeKcrbT b 8: 18.
e „aKo" ToBa e YCJIOBHO H3PEHEHHE ot itbpbh kjiac, Koero 03HanaBa, ne aBTop-bT npeanojiara
yTBipAHTejieH ottobop 3a HyHyn*Te Ha jnrrepaTypHOTO ch nocjiaHHe. CTpaHHO e, ne BinpeicH uajiaTa hh
6op6a c rpexa, Bor Bee ome hh oGnna!
H „koh me Stfle nponiB Hac" MecTOHMeHHeTO „kdh" ce noBTapa b CTHxoBe 33-35. To ce oraaca ao
CaTaHa (kohto ce cnoMeHaBa no HMe eABa b 16:20). naca5Ki>T Ha CTHxoBe 31-39 H3noji3Ba CTapo3aBeTHa
jiHTepaTypHa TexHHKa Ha npopouiTre Ha cb^eGHO ^ejio (bjk. Mhx. 1 h 6 ra.). YHWH 3aBe5iyia CBoa HapoA Ha
eta 3a nyxoBHO npejnoGoAeHCTBO. ToBa HanoMHa 3a Hcaa 50:8-9.
3a6ejieaceTe 3aKOHOBHTe TepMHHH: „npoTHB", cthx 31; „o6bhhh", cthx 33; „onpaB/ia", cthx 33;
„oci>ah", cthx 34 h „3acrbnBa", cthx 34. Bor e Cb/niHTa. Xphctoc e a^BOKaT CaTaHa e npoKypopiT (ho TyK
mi>jihh). AHrejiHTe ca h3hi>jihhjih 3ajiaTa icaro 3pHTejiH (bjk. I Kop. 4:9; Eijiec. 2:7; 3:10).
8:32 „Kohto He noiuaui Cboh CoSctbch Chh" Bor OTeii ^aBa bchhko ot Ce6e Ch 3a naAHajiOTO
HOBenecTBO. Toil HaMa ^a ocTaBH BapBamHre, hhto me hm pane Hemo no-MajiKO (bjk. HoaH 3:16; Phmji.
148
5:8). Kojiko norpenma e KOHHenniMTa 3a ocbAHTeneH CTapo3aBeTeH Bor h jiioGam Hcyc! To3h #ap ce Bumjia
b H3aBjieHHeTO Ha Bora Ha ABpaaM b Bhthc 22:12,16. PaBHmrre H3non3BaT to3h CTapo3aBeTeH naca5K b
no/ijcpena Ha AOKrpHHaTa 3a 3aMecTHTenHO H3KynneHHe 3a ceMeTO Ha ABpaaM.
H „a To npeaafle 3apaan bchhkh Hac" flyMaTa „bchhkh" b to3h KonreKCT e Ba5KHa. Hcyc yMpa 3a
rpexoBeTe Ha CBeTa (bjk. JlyKa 2:10-11; HoaH 3:16; 4:42; 11:51; I Thm. 4:10; I HoaH 2:2; 4:14). ToBa
OTpa3aBa THnojiornaTa A^aM-XpncTOC ot 5:12-21. CMbprra Ha Hcyc pa3peinaBa to3h npoGneM. Cera Bene
Binpoc Ha ..noBapBaii h npneMH".
H „aa hii noaapii bciihko" To3h TJlAroJl H#Ba ot rp-bUKHH KopeH Ha ayMaTa „6jraroflaT". „Bchhko" ce
OTHaca ki>m cthx 17. Bh>k KOMeHTapa Bipxy 3:24.
8:33-34 „o6biihii... onpaBfla... ocbflii... 3acTbnBa" ToBa ca 3aKOHOBH TepMHHH. CTHxoBe 31-39 ca cb^eGHa
cneHa Ha HeGem ToBa BepoaTHO e npenpaTica kt>m Hcaa 50:8-9.
8:33 „Bo/Kinnc inSpami" Hcyc e Eojkhht H36paH 3a bchhkh xopa (BapT). Haii-acHHTe h Haii-
H3HepnaTejiHHTe naca5KH Bipxy Ta3H HCTHHa b Hobhh 3aBeT ca Ecjiecami 1:3-4 h Phmjihhh 9:14-26. OTeu, e
H36pan Hcyc aa H36epe xopaTa. Hcyc e Eo5KHeTO „aa" Ha „He"-TO Ha naflHanoTO HOBenecTBo!
CnEljHAJlHO noHHTHE: H3BOP / nPE^OnPE^EJIEHHE
H HyaC^ATA OT EOrOCJIOBCKH EAJIAHC
H36opi>T e npexpacHa AOKipHHa. ToBa oGane He e noBoa 3a (JiaBoproHpaHe, a npH3HB aa Gt^eM
cpe^CTBO 3a H3KynneHHe Ha Apyrnre! B CTapna 3aBeT TepMHm>T ce H3noji3Ba npe^HMHO 3a
cny5KeHHe; b Hobhh 3aBeT ce ronojma 3a cnacemie, KoeTO boah ao cnyaceHHe. BnGjinaTa He ce
CTpeMH ^a npHMHpn npHBH^HOTO npoTHBopenHe ue^Kjiy Eo5khh cyBepeHHTeT h CBoGo^HaTa bojm Ha
xopaTa, KaTO yTBT>p5iyiaBa h ABeTe! J],o6i>p npHMep 3a GnGneHCKOTO Hanpe5KeHHe e Phmjihhh 9 rn. 3a
TeMaTa Ha Eo5khh cyBepeH H36op h Phmjmhh 10 rn. 3a HeoGxoAHMHH OTroBop Ha xopaTa (bjk.
10:11,13).
Kjhohit kt>m TOBa GorocjiOBCKO Hanpe5KeHne M05Ke #a ce HaMepH b Ecjiecami 1:4. Hcyc e Eojkhht
H36paH h bchhkh ca noTeHiniajTHO H36paHH b Hero (Kapn EapT). Hcyc e Eo5KHeTO ,,p,a" Ha wyamaTa
Ha naAHanoTO HOBenecTBO (Kapn EapT). EiJiecaHH 1:4 noMara cbiiio ji,a h33Chhm Binpoca, Kara
3aaB3Ba, ne nejrra Ha npeAonpeAeneHHeTO He e He6eTO, a CBeTOCTra (xpHCTonoAoGneTo). Hne necTO
ce npHBjiHHaMe ot non3HTe ot GjiaroBecTHero h 3a6paB3Me OTroBopHOCTHTe ! Eojkhht npH3HB
(H36opi>T) e 3a ceraniHOTO BpeMe h 3a BenHOCTra!
J],OKTpHHaTa njipa bt>b Bpi>3Ka c ppyrn hcthhh, a He e eAHHHHHa h H30JiHpaHa HCTHHa. J\o6pa
aHanorna 6h 6hjio c e/nio ci>3Be3AHe h OT^enHa 3Be3Aa. Eor npe^CTaBa HCTHHaTa npe3 h3tohho, a He
3anaAHO MHcneHe. He 6nBa #a tt>pchm %a npeMaxBaMe HanpejKemieTO Ha /niajieKTHHHHTe
(napaAOKcanHH) abohkh ot ^OKTpHHajiHH hcthhh:
1 . npeAonpeaeneHHeTO cpemy HOBenncaTa CBoGo/ma bojih
2. CnrypHOCTTa Ha BapBamirre cpenry HyayjaTa ot ycraaBaHe
3 . HbpBopoAeH rpax cpenry CT>3HaTeneH rpax
4. Ee3rpeniHOCT (nep(J)eKiiHOHH3i>M) cpenry no-ManKO rpax
5. n-bpBOHaHajiHO onpaB/iaHHe h ocBemeHHe cpenry HenpecTaHHO ocBemeHne
6. XpncTHaHCKa CBoGo^a cpenry xpHCTHHHCKa ottobophoct
7. Eo5KHHTa TpaHCiieH/ieHTHOCT cpenry Eo5KHeTO npncbCTBHe
8. Eor KaTO Heno3HaBaeM cpenry Eor KaTO no3HaT b nncaHHeTO
9. Eo5KneTO LJapcTBO cera cpenry GtAenjOTO H3ni>jiHeHHe.
10. noKaamieTO KaTO ^ap ot Bora cpenry noKaamieTO KaTO HeoGxoAHM OTroBop Ha HOBeKa
cnopeA 3aBeTa
11. Hcyc KaTO Eor cpenry Hcyc Kara hobck
12. Hcyc KaTO paBeH Ha OTeii cpenry Hcyc Kara no^HHeH Ha OTeii
BorocnoBCKaTa KOHiieniiHa Ha „3aBeTa" oGe^HHaBa Eojkhh cyBepeHHTeT (Kohto BHHarn noeMa
HHHHHaTHBaTa h nocTaBa nnaH) etc 3aAtJi>KHTejiHOTO mpBOHaHajiHO h npoAtiracaBanio noKaaHHe,
OTroBopa Ha Bapa ot CTpaHa Ha xopaTa. BHHMaBairTe ^a He OTXBi>pjiHTe e^naTa CTpaHa ot napa^OKca
3a CMeTKa Ha apyraTa! BHHMaBaiiTe aa He rne/iaTe caMO Ha CBoaTa coGcTBeHa AOKTpnHa hjih
149
GorocnoBHe !
8:34 To3H cthx oiniCBa hjikojiko acneKTa ot cjry5KeHHeTO Ha Hcyc: (1) Toft yivipa, (2) Toft 6e Bi>3KpeceH, (3)
Toft ctoh OT/iacHO Ha Bora h (4) Toft ce 3acn>nBa 3a bchhkh BapBanni.
CM-bprra Ha Hcyc nnaTH Haica3aHHeTO 3a Hainna rpax (bjk. Hcaa rn. 53; Mapic 10:45; II Kop. 5:21).
Bi>3KpeceHHeTO Ha Hcyc noKa3Ba, ne Otcii npneMa cjiy5KeHHeTO Ha CnHa h #aBa Ha^e^a npn
npecneABaHHa h CMipx npocjiaBaHeTO Ha Hcyc otahcho Ha Oreii h 3acn>nBaHeTO 3a BapBamirre hh ^aBa
CMenocT pa ce 6opHM b aoGpaTa 6op6a Ha Bapara.
h „ot flHCHaTa CTpaHa Ha Bora" ToBa e aHiponoMopcJtHHHa MeTaiJiopa. Bor miMa <J)h3hhccko xijio. Toft e
,,Ayx". Ta3H MeTaiJiopa roBopn 3a Macro Ha cnna, aBTopHTeT h npncbCTBHe. naBeji He H3noji3Ba necro to3h
H3pa3 (bjk. Eijtec. 1:20; Kon. 3:1). B cthx 34 Bepoarao paHHO xphcthhhcko Kpe^o (bjk. Ohji. 2:6 h cji.; I
Thm. 3:16).
H „3acTbnBa" Cjiy5KeHHeTO Ha Hcyc npoai>jDKaBa. Hcyc ce 3acTi>nBa 3a Hac (bjk. Ebp. 4:4-16; 7:25), Kaicro
npaBH h JlyxbT (ex 26-27). flyMaTa njipa ot nomiTHeTO paraclete, koiito ce H3noji3Ba 3a flyxa b HoaH 14:16
h 3a CnHa b I HoaH 2: 1. ToBa othobo e ajno3iui kbm neceHTa Ha CTpaAaiHiui cjryra (bjk. Hcaa 53: 12).
8:35 „XpncTOBaTa jiioSob" ToBa e hjih cyeekthbeh huh oeekthbeh tehhthb. ToBa MO>Ke aa e hjih (1)
XpncTOBaTa jiioGob 3a BapBamirre, hjih (2) jnoGoBTa a BapBannrre ki>m Xphctoc. HbpBiuiT BapnaHT no-
Ao6pe ce BnncBa b KOHTeKCTa (KaKTO h bi>b II Kop. 5:14), rbft KaTO jiioGoBTa Ha BapBannrre kt>m Xphctoc
H/iBa h ch OTHBa, ho XpncTOBaTa jiioGob Kbu Hac e cnrypHa h BenHa.
HMa e/niH rpmicH p-bKonnc, koiito noacHHBa Ta3H <J)pa3a. EflHH ^peBeH rpiincn tckct ica3Ba: „jiio6oBTa
Ha Bora" (bjk. MS K). flpyr ^peBeH p-bKonnc rn oGe/nimiBa b e/nio: „jiio6oBTa Ha Bora b Xphctoc" (bjk. MS
B). UBS^ ^aBa Ha (J)pa3aTa „XpncTOBaTa jiioGob" CTeneH „A" (cnrypHa). Ta ce cpema b MSS C, D, F, G h b
noBeneTO ApeBHH naTHHCKH Bepcnn, KaKTO h ByjiraTa h neniHTa.
H wCKptS jiii, hjih CTpax, hjih roHeraie" XpHCTHamiTe me HMaT npoGjieMH b to3h cbht, ho Te3H npoGjieMH
h 3JiHTe chjih HHMa m MoraT m hh OT^ejiaT ot Bora. Bjk. CnEI],HAJIHO nOHilTHE: IIPEMEaCflHfl /
CKBPEHki>m5:3
8:36 ToBa e nirraT ot ncajiM 44:22. B to3h ncajiM Bor e npn30BaH ^a AOHece H36aBjieHHe Ha CTpaAaiHiui
Hapofl.
8:37
NASB „ho bbb bciihkh Te3ii Hema mie ySefliiTejmo noSeacflaBavie"
NKJV „ho bbb bchhkh Te3ii Hema mie CMe noBene ot noSeaiiTejiii"
NRSV „He, bbb bchhkh TC3H Hema Hue CMe noBene ot noSefliiTejiii"
TEV „He, bbb bchhkh TC3H Hema Hue CMe nocTiirHajiii noSeaa npe3 Hero"
JB „Te3ii ca H3niiTaHiiHTa npej koiito mie TpiiyM(|)iipaMe"
ToBa e no^CHjieHa (JtopMa Ha TepMHHa „no6e5K/iaBaM". naBeji Bepoarao e h3mhcjihji to3h TepMHH Qiuper
+ nikao). ToBa e nyaecHa civieceHa MeTaiJiopa: „3aBjiaAaBaiini OBne". BapBamirre ca 3aBoeBaTejiH npe3
Xphctoc (b>k. HoaH 16:33; I HoaH 2:13-14; 4:4; 5:4). B>k. CnEL[HAJIHO ITOH5ITHE: CJIOaCHH flYMH C
nPEflCTABKATA ,JIUPER-" kbm 1:30
H „Hpej To3H, Koiito hh e bbjjiioShji" ToBa MECTOHMEHHE M05Ke ^a ce oraaca ao OTeii hjih ao CnHa.
8:38 „aj cbm yBepeH" ToBa e nEPOEKT nACHB HH^HKATHB, koSto 03HanaBa: „A3 cim 6hji h cim yGe^eH."
H „aHrejni" PaBHHHTe ca CMaTajiH, ne aHrejnrre peBHyBaT ot Bo5KHaTa jiioGob h BHHMamie ki>m xopaTa h
3aTOBa ca Bpa5K/ie6HH ki>m Hac. JIi>5Key x iHTejiHTe Ha rHOCTHiiH3Ma CMHTaT, ne cnacemieTO M05Ke ^a ce
nocTHrHe e^HHCTBeHO npe3 TaftHH napojin npe3 Bpa5K^e6HHTe aHrejiCKH KpiroBe (bjk. KojiocaHH h
E(J)ecaHH).
B KHHraTa ch^4 Theology of the New Testament £I,5kopa>k Jlaa npaBH ao6po o6o6meHHe Ha TepMHHHTe,
150
kohto IlaBeji H3non3Ba 3a aHrenHTe:
..IlaBeji He roBopn caMO 3a Ao6pn h jioiuh aHrejm, 3a CaTaHa h AeMomrre, toh H3noji3Ba h
Apyra rpyna /ryMH 3a BH/K>Be aHrejiCKH /ryxoBe. Eto TepMHHOJiorHaTa My:
..HanajiCTBo" [arche], I KopHHrami 15:24; Ecjtecami 1:21; Kojiocami 2:10
..HanajiCTBa" [archai], E(j)ecaHH3:10; 6:12; Kojiocami 1:16; 2:15; Phmjishh 8:38
..BjiacTn" [exousia], I KopHHrami 15:24; EijtecaHH 1:21; Kojiocami2:10
..Bjiacr' [exousiai], E(j)ecaHH3:10; 6:12; Kojiocami 1:16; 2:15
..CHjia" [dynamis], I KopHHrami 15:24; E(j)ecami 1:21
„chjih" [dynameis], Phmjihhh 8:38
..npecTOJin" [thronoi], Kojiocami 1:16
..BjiacT" [kyriotes], E(j)ecami 1:21
..BjiacTn" [kyriotetes], Kojiocami 1:16
..CBeTOBHHTe BjiaAeTenH Ha Mpaica", Ecjiecami 6:12
..AyxoBeTe Ha 3jioto b HeGecmrre Mecra", E(j)ecami 6:12
..BjiacTTa Ha TtMrnniaTa ", Kojiocami 1: 13
,,bc3ko HMe, c KoeTO ce HanMeHyBaT", E(j)ecami 1:21
„He6ecHHTe, 3eMHHTe h noA3eMHHTe ci>mecTBa", Ohjihidihh 2:10"
(b5k. George Eldon Ladd, A Theology of the New Testament, p. 401).
HaMa KDHKpeTHa GnGjieireica HHcJtopMauiia KaK na/raajiHTe aHrenn ot CTapiia 3aBeT ce oraacaT kt>m
^eMOHHHHOTO b Hobhs 3aBeT. MH03HHa npe/mojiaraT, ne Te ca H^eHTiwHH. B eBpeireKara anoKajinnTKHHa
jiHTepaTypa oGane ^eMOHHHHOTO ca /ryxoBeTe ot Ehthc 6 rn., kohto ca HanonoBHHa amejiH h HanonoBHHa
xopa. TexHHTe Tejia ca ymimo5KeHH npn noTona h cera Te TtpcaT hobo B-bmrtmemie! Ho TOBa e HHCTa
cneKyjiauria. EnGjinaTa He OTroBapa Ha bchhkh HaniH Binpocn 3a npoH3xoAa Ha HemaTa. Ta uejiH
H3KynjieHHeTO Ha HOBenecTBOTO, a He 3a/K>BOJiaBaHe Ha jiioGoroiTCTBOTO hh!
H „BjiacTii... ciijiii" ToBa ce oraaca ao: (1) 3JiHTe amejiCKH hjih ^eMOHHHHH chjih Ha to3h CBaT (bjk. Eijiec.
2:2; 6:12; I Kop. 15:24; Kon. 1:16) hjih (2) BepoaTHO 6e3JiHHHHTe CTpyKTypn Ha na/raajiiia CBaT (pejiHrna,
npaBHTejiCTBO, o6pa30BaHHe, 3/rpaBeona3BaHe h pp.), npe3 kohto na/THajiHTe xopa TtpcaT He3aBHCHMOCT ot
Bora (bjk. Hendrickus Berkhoff, Principalities and Powers). Biok KOMeHTapa Ha 13:1.
| CnELtiiAJiHO noHflTHE: ARCHE
Jl,yMaTa ..HanajiCTBa" e rpi>HKiiaT TepMHH arche, kohto 03HaHaBa ..Hanajio" hjih ,,npoH3xo/T Ha
He mo.
HanajiOTO Ha ci>TBopeHHa pea (bjk. HoaH 1 : 1 ; I HoaH 1 : 1)
HanajiOTO Ha GjiaroBecTHeTO (bjk. MapK 1:1; Ohji. 4:15)
HtpBHTe CBH/ieTejiH (bjk. Jlyica 1:2)
HtpBHTe 3Hauii (ny^eca, B5K. HoaH 2:11)
5. HtpBHTe npHHiinnn (bjk. EBp. 5:12)
HanajiHaTa yBepeHOCT b cnaceHHeTO (bjk. EBp. 3:14)
IIo-KbCHO 3anoHBa ^a ce H3noji3Ba KaTO ..ynpaBjiemie" hjih ..BjiacT"
1 . HOBeniKO ynpaBjiemie h BjiacT
a. JlyKa 12:11
b. JlyKa 20:20
c. Phmjdihh 13:3; Tht 3:1
2. aHrejiCKH BjiacTH
a. PnMjiaHH 8:38
b. I KopHHTaHH 15:24
c. E^ecami 1:21; 3:10; 6:10
d. KojiocaHH 1:16; 2:10,15
Te3H ji-bJKeyHHTejiH OTXBi>pjiaT Bcaica BjiacT, 3eMHa h HeGecHa. Te nocTaBaT ce ch h 5KejiamiaTa ch
ripen Bora, ripen aHrejiHTe, rpa5KnaHCKHTe BjiacTH h irtpKOBmrre BonaHH.
8:39 „hiito BiicoHiiHa, hiito fltji6oHiiHa" Te3H TepMHHH ce H3noji3BaT 3a H3ipaBaHe h 3ajie3 Ha 3Be3AH, 3a
151
kohto ce e CMaTano, ne ca Gorcme, KOHTpojiHpaiHH 5KHTeHCKHre ct>a6h (acTpojioraa). Ho-kbcho Te CTaBaT
TexHHHecKH TepMHHH b epecTa, HapeneHa rHOCTHUH3T>M, 3a eonu hjih aHrencKH HHBa Me5K#y CBeraa 6or h
no-HH3iiiHTe GoroBe, kohto (JtopMHpaT rpexoBHOTO ecTecTBO.
H „Koe aa Siijio apyro Cb3,aaHiie" ToBa oyKBanHO 03HaHaBa ..TBopeHne ot apyr bha" (heteros). KoHreKcrbT
H3HCKBa h TyK ^a pa36npaMe aHrencKH chjih. Pa3JiHKaTa MQjKjiy rp-bUKHa npeAJior heteros („Apyr ot
pa3JiHHeH bha") h alios („Apyr ot cbinna bha") ce pa3MHBa b HOB03aBeTHHa rpmKH e3HK, ho b to3h
KOHTeKCT Bee ome HMa pa3jnnca.
H „hiito... hiito... me Moace jx& hii otjibhii ot BoaciiHTa jiioSob" Karao HeBepoarao yBepemie! Ta3H raaBa
3anoHBa c yBepemie, ne mma oci>5KAeHHe h 3aBi>pina c yBepemie, ne HaMa pa3AejieHHe. Hhkoh He M05Ke ^a
OTHeMe cnaceHneTO Ha BapBanraa. HoBeK oGane TpaGBa #a OTroBopn - b HananoTO (bjk. 3:21-31) h
HenpecTaHHO cneA TOBa (bjk. rn. 4-8). JJyxLT e kjhoh-bt, ho HHe HMaMe 3aAtJi>KeHHe 3a OTroBop Ha 3aBeTa.
IIoKaaHHeTO h BapaTa ca 3aAtJr>KHTejiHH (bjk. MapK 1:15; J\esm. 3:16,19; 20:21), Kaiero h noKopcTBOTO h
nOCTOaHCTBOTO !
B1HPOCH 3A OBCtaCflAHE
To3h KOMeHTap e caMO pi>KOBOflCTBO 3a H3yHaBaHe. ToBa 03HaHaBa, ne Bne caMH HOCHTe OTroBopHOCT 3a
HanHHa, no kohto TbjiKyBaTe EnGjniaTa. BceKH ot Hac Tpa6Ba #a xo/ra b CBeTjiHHaTa, kohto My e jiajieiia.
IIpHopHTeT npn HHTepnpeTaiiHaTa CTe caMHaT Bne, BaniaTa BnGjina h CBeTHaT JJyx. He 6nBa #a
npexBipjiaTe Ta3H OTroBopHOCT Ha kohto H^ae KOMeHTarop.
HacToannrre Binpocn 3a o6ci>5iyiaHe uenaT ^a bh no/niOMorHaT ^a o6mhcjiht6 ocHOBHHTe TeMH b to3h
pa3Aen Ha nocnaHHeTO. Hejira hm e aa npe/pfiBHKaT mhcjih, a He aa aaaaT KpaiiHH ottoboph.
1 . KaK ce oraaca 8 raaBa ki>m 7 rnaBa?
2. Ako HaMa oci>5KZieHHe, KaK Bjinae rpextT Bipxy 5KHBOTa Ha BapBamna?
3. 5KnBee jih fl,yxbT Ha Hcyc bi>b BapBannrre (ct. 9)?
4. KaK HOBeniKHaT rpax Bjinae Bipxy npHpo^aTa (ct. 19-22)? II],e 6i>Ae jih npHpo^aTa nacT ot HeGeTO
(b>k. Hcaa 11:6-10)?
5. KaK ce mojih JJyxLT 3a Hac (ct. 26-27)? KaKBO o6mo HMa TOBa c „roBopeHeTO Ha e3HHii"?
6. KaK M05Ke BnGjiHaTa ^a Ka3Ba, ne bchhko Cb^eHCTBa 3a Ao6po b e/raH TOJiKOBa noKBapeH CBaT (ct.
28)? £I,e(J)HHHpaHTe „ao6po" (ct. 29).
7. 3amo ocBemeHHeTO ocTaBa h3bi>h nopeAHuara ot GorocjiOBCKH cbGhthji b ct. 30?
8. 3amo ce Ka3Ba 3a CTHxoBe 31-39, ne ca eb^eGHa cueHa?
9. H36poHTe neTHpHTe Hema, kohto cthx 34 Ka3Ba 3a Hcyc.
152
Phmjihhh 9 rjiaea
PAJflEJIEHHJI nO AE3AHH B CfcBPEMEHHHTE IIPEBOflH
UBS 4
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
JB
Eo)KHaT H36op
Jfepann
OTXBtpjia XpHCTOC
ITpo6jieMT>T
c HeBepneTO
Ha Jfepann
Bor h HeroBHa Hapo/j
IlpHBHJierHHTe
Ha Jfepann
9:1-5
9:1-5
9:1-5
9:1-5
9:1-5
OrxBtpjiiiHeTO
Ha JfepaHJi h
BoxHeTO HaMepeHHe
EcBKinrre o6emaHHa
3a Jfepann
He ca OTMeHeHH
Bor e cna3HJi
o6emaHHaTa ch
9:6-13
9:6-13
9:6-13
9:6-9
9:6-13
9:10-13
OTXBtpnaHeTO
Ha Jfepann h
EroKiDiTa
cnpaBe^jiHBOCT
BoxHeTO npaBO
aa H36npa
Bor He e
HecnpaBe/jjniB
9:14-18
9:14-29
9:14-18
9:14-18
9:14-18
THeBtT H MHJIOCTTa
Ha Bora
THeBtT H MHJIOCTTa
Ha Bora
9:19-29
9:19-26
9:19-21
9:19-21
9:22-29
9:22-24
Bchhko e
npe^peneHO b C3
9:25-29
9:27-29
Jfepann
h eBaHrenneTO
HacToamoTO
nojio)KeHHe
Ha Jfepanji
HcTHHCKaTa
npaBe^HOCT
e npe3 Bapa
Jfepann
h eBaHrejineTO
9:30-10:4
9:30-33
9:30-10:4
9:30-10:4
9:30-33
nPOHHT HA TPETH HHKBJI (sac. CTp. ix)
nPOCJIE/JMBAHE HA ABTOPCKOTO HAMEPEHHE HA HHBO AE3AHH
To3h KOMeHTap e caMO p'skobojctbo 3a H3yHaBaHe. ToBa 03HaHaBa, ne Bne caMH Hocnre OTroBopHOCT 3a
HanHHa, no kohto TbjiKyBaTe BnGjiiuiTa. BceKH ot Hac TpaGBa #a xo/ni b CBeTjiHHaTa, KoaTO My e Aa/ieHa.
IIpHopHTeT npn HHrepnpeTanHHTa CTe caMHHT Bne, BaniaTa EhGjihh h Cbcthjit JJyx. He 6iraa #a
npexBipjiaTe Ta3H OTroBopHOCT Ha kohto H^ae KOMeHTaTop.
IIpoHeTeTe rnaBaTa Ha emm rt>x. OnpeAeneTe tcmhtc CinocTaBeTe BanieTO TeMaTHHHO pa3AeneHHe c
neTTe ci>BpeMeHHH npeBOAa no-rope. Pa3AejiHHeTO Ha a63anH He e B/rtxHOBeHO ot Bora, ho e kjhohobo 3a
npocjieASBaHeTO Ha aBTopcKOTO HaMepeHHe. A HMemio TOBa e b cbpneBHHara Ha HHrepnpeTHpaHeTO. BceKH
a63au Hiia e/iHa e/nrHCTBeHa TeMa.
1 . 1~h>pBH a63au
153
2. Btoph aGsaii
3. TpeTHaGsau
4. H T.H.
OTHOUIEHHETO HA EJIABH 9-11 KbM DIABH 1-8
A. CimecTByBaT jipa ochobhh HanHHa 3a pa36npaHe Ha OTHoniemieTO Memjiy Ta3H jiHTepaTypHa e/rHmma
(rnaBH 9-11) h rnaBH 1-8.
1. ToBa e Ham>jiHO pa3JiHHHa TeMa, GorocnoBcica OTKjioHeHHe.
a. Meayiy 8:39 h 9: 1 ce HaGmoAaBa /rpacTHHeH KOHTpacT - jmncBa jionrqecica Bpi>3Ka.
b. TeMaTa e /rHpeierao CBi>p3aHa c HCToprmecKOTO Hanpe5iceHHe Memjiy BapBamirre ot
e3HHecKH h ot KweiicKH npoH3xoA b pnMCKaTa irtpicBa, KoeTO BepoaTHO ce e /rtiDKajio Ha
3acHjrBamaTa ce pojia Ha esHHHHHirre b pt>koboactboto Ha irtpicBaTa.
c. IlaBjiOBaTa nponoBea othocho H3panji (h 3aKOHa) h othocho HeroBara pona Ha anocTOJi Ha
e3HHHHHHTe (h ^apa Ha GnaroAaTTa) e Gnua norpeniHO BT>3npHeTa h 3aTOBa, b Ta3H nacT ot
nHCMOTO CH, TOH H3aCH3Ba Te3H BinpocH.
2. Jlpyr noAxoA e 9-11 rn. ^a ce pa3rne5KZiaT KaTO KyjiMHHaHHH h jionrqecKO saKjnoHemie Ha
IlaBjiOBOTO npe^CTaBaHe Ha eBaHrejmeTO.
a. IlaBeji 3aBT>piiiBa raaBa 8 c oGemamieTO, ne hhiiio He „me M05Ke #a hh ot jtbhh ot Eo5KHHTa
jiioGob". A KaKBO Aa Ka5KeM 3a HeBepneTO Ha 3aBeTHHH HapoA?
b. Phmjuihh 9-11 rn. OTroBapa Ha napa^OKca Ha GnaroBecTHeTO, CBi>p3aH c HeBepneTO Ha
H3panji!
c. IlaBeji Bene e 3acaraji to3h Binpoc MHoroicpaTHO b npe/rrnecTBamiM tckct Ha nncMOTO (bjk.
1:3,16; 3:21,31 h 4:1 hcji.).
d. IlaBeji tbt>pah, ne Bor e BepeH Ha cjioboto Ch - KaK ce OTHaca TOBa kt>m Bo5KHeTO cjiobo 3a
H3panji b C3? J\ajm Te3H oGemamui ca OTMeHeHH?
B. HMa hhkojiko ochobhh BapnaHTa 3a cbCTaBAHe Ha nnaH Ha Ta3H JiHTepaTypHa eAHmma
1 . cnopea IlaBjiOBaTa ynxnpeGa Ha Bi>o6pa5KaeM onoHeHT ((bHjmnHKa)
a. 9:6
b. 9:14
c. 9:19
d. 9:30
e. 11:1
f. 11:11
2. Phmjuihh 9-11 rn. o6pa3yBa e/rHa JiHTepaTypHa e/rHmma (pa3AejieHHeTO Ha rnaBH h CTHxoBe He e
GoroB^txHOBeHO, a e no-KtCHa Ao6aBica). TeKcrbT Tpa6Ba ^a ce pa3rjie5K/ia b HeroBaTa idijioct. Bee
naK, ci>mecTByBaT noHe Tpn ochobhh nacTH.
a. 9: 1-29 (aKHenrbT e Bipxy Bojkhh cyBepeHHTeT)
b. 9:30-10:21 (aKHenrbT e Bipxy HOBeniicaTa OTroBopHOCT)
c. 11:1 -32 (Bo5KneTO BceoGxBaTHO, BenHO, H3KynHTenHO HaMepeHne)
3. CnopeA ocHOBHHTe tcmh: ^o6pe pa3pa6oTeH nnaH Ha to3h pa3Aeji ot Phmjmhh OTKpHBaMe b
pa3AejiHHeTO Ha a6.3aim b NKJV (ro^aHHe Ha Thomas Nelson Publishers)
a. H3paHji OTXB-bpjia XpncToc, 9: 1-5
b. H3pami OTXBi>pjui Bo5KHeTO HaMepemie, 9:6-13
c. H3panji OTXBi>pjui Eo5KHjrra cnpaBe/rjiHBOCT, 9: 14-29
d. HacToanjOTO cbCToamie Ha H3panji, 9:30-33
e . H3panji h GnaroBe craeTO, 10:1-13
f. H3panji OTXB-bpjia GnaroBecTHeTO, 10:14-21
g. OTXBT>pjDiHeTO Ha H3paHji He e m>jiHO, 11:1-10
h. OTXBi>pjuiHeTO Ha H3paHji He e OKOHHaTejiHO, 11:11-36
C. To3H pa3Aeji ot nncMOTO He e caMO nnoA Ha yMa (norHKa Ha MHCbJiTa), ho h bhk Ha cspnem
EMOiiHOHajiHHaT My 3apx£ HanoMiw 3a Bo5KHeTO CT>pne, cbicpymeHO nopa/rH 6yHTa Ha H3pami b
Ochh 11:1-4,8-9.
154
B HHKaicbB cmhcbji noGpnaT 3aK0H h CBi>p3aH0T0 c Hero CTpanamie ot rnaBa 7 HaMnpaT CBoa
napanen b 9-11 rn. H b nsaTa cnynaa CbpneTO Ha IlaBeji e CBKpynieHO ot HpomiaTa Ha Tcrna, ne
3aKDHi>T, naneH ot Bora, e nQHecbn cmt>pt BMecTO jkhbot!
D. YnoTpeGara Ha Han 25 CTapo3aBeTHH nnTaTa b 9-11 rn. pa3KpnBa 5KenaHHeTO Ha IlaBeji na
HjiiocTpHpa napanoKca c H3pann He caMO KaTO ce no30BaBa Ha HacToainHa ch onHT, ho h Ha 6a3aTa
Ha C3, KaKTO h b 4 rn. Ome b MHHanoTO noBeneTO ot noTOMHirre Ha ABpaaM no nm>T ca OTXBT>pnann
Bora (b5k. JXesmwi 7 ra.; HeeM. 9 rn.).
E. To3H TeKCT, nonoGHO Ha Ecbec. 1:3-14, pa3rae5Kna BenHnre HaMepemia Ha Bora 3a H3KynneHHe Ha
nanoTO HOBenecTBO. Ha npi>B noraen H3rne5Kna, ne TeKCTa onncBa KaK Bor roGnpa enHH hh^hbh/ih
h OTXBT>pjra npyrn (cynpajiancapnaHCKH KajrBHHH3i>M), ho bcbihhoct aKiieHTtT He e Btpxy
HHAHBH/nrre, a Btpxy Eo5KHa BeneH nnaH 3a H3KynneHHe (bjk. Birrae 3:15; ,U,eaHHa 2:23; 3:18; 4:28
h 13:29).
The Jerome Biblical Commentary, tom. 2, „The New Testament", non penaKiniaTa Ha Joseph A.
Fitzmyer h Raymond E. Brown, Ka3Ba:
„Ba5KHO e ome b HananoTO na pa36epeM, ne raenHaTa Tonica Ha riaBen e CBi>p3aHa c
oGiHHOCTra, c nanoTo; toh He pa3rae5Kna OTroBopHOCTTa Ha OTnenmrre hh/thbhah. MaKap h
na H3rae5Kna, ne noBnnra TeMaTa 3a 6o5KecTBeHOTO npenonpeneneHHe, toh etc cnrypHOCT
He roBopn 3a irpenonpeneneHHeTO Ha OTnenmi hhahbh/th 3a cnaBa" (cTp. 318).
HABJIIOflEHHfl BBPXY KOHTEKCTA HA 9 DIABA
A. Me5Kiry raaBH 8 h 9 HacTbrma npacTHHHa npoMaHa b OTHomeHHeTO.
B. Ta3H jiHTepaTypHa enHHHna (9-11 rn.) o6cb5Kna GorocnoBCKH (1) ocHOBamiaTa 3a cnacemieTO, (2)
Bo5KHeTO HaMepeHHe 3a roGop, (3) HeBepHOCTTa Ha HeBapBannia H3panji b KOHTpacT c BepHOCTra Ha
YHWHu (4) npnoGmaBaHeTO Ha nanoTO HOBenecTBO kt>m H3KynneHHeTO, Koero e Hpe3 Hcyc.
C. TjiaBa 9 e enHH ot HaH-3HaHHMHTe naca5Kn b H3, roBopemn no TeMaTa 3a Eo5Kna cyBepeHHTeT
(npyrnaT 3HanHM naca>K e Eijiec. 1:3-14), nPKaTO rnaBa 10 acHO h HeenHOKpaTHO yTBT>p5KnaBa
HOBemKaTa CBo6onHa Bona (bjk. „BceKH" b cthx 4; „BceKH, kohto" ot CTHxoBe 11,13; „bchhkh" b
cthx 12 {nBa m>Tn}). riaBeji no HHKaKbB HanHH He ce onnTBa na rorjiann TOBa GorocnoBCKO
npoTHBopenne. H npeTe nnen ca Bepmi! FloBeneTO GnGneHCKH nQKrpHHH ca npencTaBemi b
napanoKcajiHH hjih nHaneKTHHecKH /tbohkh. FloBeneTO GorocnoBCKn CHCTeMH ca noraHHH, ho
non6opa ot 6n6nencKn TeKCTOBe, Ha kohto ce oGnaraT e enHOCTpaHHHB, non^epTaBam caMO enim
acneKT ot GnGnencKaTa ncTHHa. H ABiycTHHOBOTO yneHne, h KajrBHHH3Mi>T, npoTHBonocTaBeHH Ha
nojrynejiarnaHCTBOTO h yneHneTO Ha Apmhhhh, ci>ai>p>KaT enHOBpeMeHHO h eneMenra Ha HCTHHa, h
OTKjiOHeHHa. BnGjieiiCKOTO HanpejKemie Me5Kny nOKipHHHTe e 3a npennoHHTaHe npen
nprMaTHHHHTe, paiinoHajiHH TeonorHHHH CHCTeMH, kohto H3Bi>pmBaT HacHjine Han GnGneHCKHa
TeKCT, KaTO ro BKapBaT b paMKHTe Ha CBonre npeny6eneHH TbjiKyBaTejiHH cxeMn!
D. 9:30-33 e o6o6meHHe Ha rnaBa 9 h 3anaBa TeMaTa Ha rnaBa 10.
H3CJIEflBAHE HA flYMH H OPA3H
HHTAT OT BBJITAPCKHfl TlVEBOJl BEPEH — 9:1-5
^ Ka3BaM HCTHHaTa b Xphctoc, He ni>5Ka, h ciBecTTa mh CBHneTencTBa c MeH b CBeTHH Jfyx, *■ ne HMaM
ronaMa CKpi>6 h HenpecTaHHa Mi>Ka b cipiieTO en. -> 3amoTO a3 caMnaT 6nx acenan na cbm OTnineH ot
Xphctoc 3apann MOHTe 6paTa, MOHTe ponHHHH no nni>T; ^ kohto ca H3pannraHH, Ha kohto npnHannesKaT
ocHHOBemieTO h cnaBaTa, h 3aBeTHTe, h naBaHeTO Ha 3aKOHa, h 6orocny5KeHHeTO, h oGemaHnaTa; ^ hhhto ca
h OTnirre n ot kohto no nni>T ce ponn XpncTOC, kohto e Han bchhkh, Bor, GnarocnoBeH no BeKa. Amhh.
HHTAT OT AHTJIHHCKHfl nPEBOfl NASB — 9:1-5
ll am telling the truth in Christ, I am not lying, my conscience testifies with me in the Holy Spirit,
155
^that I have great sorrow and unceasing grief in my heart. ^For I could wish that I myself were
accursed, separated from Christ for the sake of my brethren, my kinsmen according to the flesh, ^who
are Israelites, to whom belongs the adoption as sons, and the glory and the covenants and the giving of
the Law and the temple service and the promises, ^whose are the fathers, and from whom is the Christ
according to the flesh, who is over all, God blessed forever. Amen.
9:1-2 CraxoBe 1 h 2 o6pa3yBaT Qjsyio ropeHeHHe Ha rp-bUKH. IlaBeji H36poaBa hhkojikd iiphhhhh, nopa/pi
kohto HHTaTejiHTe (ntpKBara b Phm) MoraT ^a ca yBepemi, ne TOBa, KoeTO toh Ka3Ba e HCTHHa: (1) HeroBara
Bpi>3Ka c XpncTOC, 1 ex; (2) ci>BecTTa My, Koaro e BO^eHa ot flyxa, 1 ex; h (3) AtJiSoicaTa My jtk>6ob kt>m
H3panji, 2 ex
9:1 „Ka3BaM iicrniiara b XpncTOC, He jitaca" IlaBeji necTO npaBH TOBa roaBjieHHe (bjk. II Kop. 11:10; Tan.
1:20; I Thm. 2:7), Kaicro h apyro no/ioGHO, b KoeTO npH30BaBa Bor 3a CBH^eTeji (bjk. Phmji. 1:9; II Kop. 1:23;
11:31; Ohji. 1:8; I Con. 2:5,10). ToBa e HeroBHaT HanHH 3a AOKa3BaHe Ha AOCTOBepHOCxra Ha noyHemiaTa h
nponoBeAHTe My.
e „MOHTa ctBecT" CxaBa Binpoc 3a jj&rqwto ot Bora h HaconBaHO ot Jfyxa MopanHO nyBCTBO Ha
BapBamHa. B HaKaKbB cmhcbji, to e kjikmob h3tohhhk Ha aBTopHTeT 3a BapBamHa hobck. To e Eojkhcto
cjiobo, pa36paHO h npHjKMceHO ot Eo5KHa JJyx b Hainna yM (bjk. I Thm. 1:5,19). UpoGjieM'bT BT>3HHKBa,
KoraTO BapBamHTe (h b Ta3H Bpi>3Ka h HeBapBamHre) npoAtiracaBaT ^a OTXBT>pjiaT Cjioboto h flyxa; ToraBa
H3MHCJiaHeTO Ha norHHHH onpaB/iaHHa 3a rpexa CTaBa no-necHO (bjk. I Thm. 4:2). HaniaTa ciBecT M05Ke ^a
6i>Ae ooycjiOBeHa ot onHTa h KyjnypaTa.
H
NASB, NKJV „CBiifleTejiCTBa 3a mch b Cbctiih flyx"
NRSV „noTBBpacflaBa ro npe3 Cbctiih flyx"
TEV „ynpaBjiHBaHa ot Cbctiih flyx"
JB „b efliiHCTBO etc Cbctiih flyx Me noflfltpaca"
IlaBeji e BapBan, ne Toii e cneuHajiHO npH3BaH h HMa cneuHajiHO noptHemie ot XpncTOC (bjk. JXestmw
9:1-22; Tan. 1:1). Toh e 6hji anocTon h e roBopen c 6o5kcctbch aBTopHTeT (bjk. I Kop. 7:25,40). Toh e
cnoAenaji Bo5KHaTa Miica, nopo/ieHa ot HeBepneTO h ynopHrocxra Ha H3paHji (bjk. ct. 2) - HapoA, kohto
HMan TOJiKOBa MHoro npeHMymecTBa (bjk. ct. 4-5).
9:3
NASB, NKJV, NRSV „6nx iicKau"
TEV „japaflii thx 6hx iicKaji"
JB „aj 6nx 6iui totob"
CiCTpa/iaHHeTO Ha IlaBeji kt>m HeroBHa Hapon, H3paHji, e TOJiKOBa at>ji6oko, ne aKO HeroBOTO coGctbcho
OTXBi>pjiaHe 6h Monro ^a Rcmejie ro TaxHOTO npneMaHe - toh 6h ce CbraacHji, cthx 3. IpaMaTHHHaTa
KOHCTpyKHHa Ha TO3H cthx e nOAHepTaHO eM(J)aTHHHa (B1.3BPATEH HMnEPOEKT B H3JJBHTEJIHO
HAKJIOHEHHE CbC CllltOS H egO H CbC CEFAfflEH HHOHHHTHB). HHTCH3HBHOCTTa H Hanpe5KCHHeTO B Ta3H
MOJiHTBa HanoMHaT 3a 3acxbnHHHecKaTa MOJiHTBa Ha Moireeii 3a rpeniHHa H3paHji b H3xoa 32:30-35. Te3H
AyMH Han-AoGpe ce pa36npax aico npneMeM, ne H3pa3aBar 5KejiaHHe, a He <})aKT. IIo no/K>6eH HanHH e
H3non3BaH HMnEPOEKTAB Tan. 4:20.
Bjk. CnELtHAJIHOTO nOHilTHE no-flOJiy.
CIIEI1HA.HHO noHHTHE: 3ACTBnHHqECKA MOJIHTBA
I. BBBcaemie
A. MonHTBaTa e mhoto Ba5KHa 3apaAH npHMepa Ha Hcyc
1. jiHHHa MOJiHTBa, MapK 1:35; JlyKa 3:21; 6:12; 9:29; 22:29-46
2. OHHCTBaHeTO Ha xpaMa, MaTeii 21:13; MapK 11:17; JlyKa 19:46
3. Moaena 3a MOJiHTBa, MaTeii 6:5-13; JlyKa 11:2-4
B. MojiHTBara e HanHHiT #a oGneneM b oce3aeMH ^eiicTBHa CBoaTa Bapa b cbinecTByBaHeTO Ha
e^HH jiHHHOCTeH h 3arpicKeH Box kohto HCKa h M05Ke ^a neiicTBa 3a Hanie Ao6po h 3a
156
AOGpOTO Ha OKOJIHHTe
C. B MHoro oGnacTH Bor ci>3HaTejiHO e orpaHHHHji AeiicTBHeTO ch #o oiroBapaHe Ha OHOBa, 3a
KoeTO ca ro noMOJinjiH HeroBHTe Aena (bjk. .Hkob 4:2)
D. Ochobhoto npeAHa3HaHeHHe Ha MonHTBaTa e ^a npeKapBaMe Bpeivie b oGmemie c
TpneAHHHHa Bor.
E. QJtepaTa Ha ^eiicTBHe Ha MonHTBaTa BKjnoHBa BceKH h bchhko, KoeTO 3acara BapBamHie.
M05KeM R& Ce nOMOJIHM BeAH"b5K, C Bapa, HUH OTHOBO H OTHOBO -BCeKH m>T, KOraTO MHCJIHTe
h TpeBorHTe ce 3aBpi>maT.
F. MonHTBaTa M05Ke ^a ci>Ai>p>Ka hhkojiko ejieMenra.
a. xBana h noKjiOHemie npeA TpneAHHHHa Bor
b. GnaroAapHOCT kbm Bora 3a HeroBOTO npncbCTBHe, oGmemie h npoMHCbn
c. H3noBa/iBaHe Ha rpexoBeTe hh - MHHajiH h HacToamn
d. M0n6a 3a HaniHTe Hy5K^H h 5KenaHHa
e. 3acrbnBaHe, npn KoeTO H3AHraMe npeA OTeii HV5K/iHTe Ha Apyrn xopa
G SacrbnHHHecKara MOJiHTBa e MHCTepna. Bor oGnna OHe3H, 3a kohto ce mojihm mhoto
noBene, otkojikoto HHe ra oGnnaMe. B cbiiioto BpeMe Hannrre mojihtbh necTO npeAH3BHKBaT
npoMjma h OTroBop He caMO b Hac, ho h b Te3H, 3a kohto ce MOJIHM.
II. BiiSjiettcKH TeKCTOBe
A. CTapiM 3aBeT
1 . HaKOJiKO npHMepa Ha sacrbnHHHecica MOJiHTBa
a. ABpaaM ce 3acn>nBa 3a Coaom, Enure 18:22 h cji.
b. MojiHTBHTe Ha MoiiceH 3a H3pann
(1) Hsxoa 5:22-23
(2) H3xoa 32:3 1 h cji.
(3) BTopo3aKOHHe 5:5
(4) BTopo3aKOHHe 9:18,25 h cji.
c. CaMynji ce mojih 3a H3panji
(1) Iljape 7:5-6,8-9
(2) Iljape 12:16-23
(3) Iljape 15:11
d. flaBHA ce mojih 3a AeTeTO ch, II IJape 12: 16-18
2. Bor TtpcH 3acTi>nHHiiH, Hcaa 59:16
3 . Oci>3HaT, ho HeH3noBa/iaH rpax, KaKTO h He5KejiaHHeTO #a ce noxaeM OKa3BaT BjinaHHe Ha
MOJIHTBHTe HH
a. IIcajiM 66:18
b. npHTHH 28:9
c. Hcaa 59:1-2; 64:7
B. Hob Ha 3aBeT
1 . SacrbnHHHecKOTO cjiy5KeHe Ha CnHa h Ha Ay xa
a. Hcyc
(1) Phmjihhh8:34
(2) EBpen 7:25
(3) IHoaH2:l
b. CBeTHH fl,yx, Phmjmhh 8:26-27
2. SacrbnHHHecKOTO cjiy^emie Ha IlaBeji
a. MojiHTBa 3a loaeHTe
(1) Phmjihhh 9: 1 h cji.
(2) Phmjihhh 10:1
b. MojiHTBa 3a iitpicBHTe
(1) Phmjihhh 1:9
(2) EiJiecaHH 1:16
(3) Ohjihhhhh 1:3-4,9
(4) Kojiochhh 1:3,9
(5) I CojryHHH 1:2-3
(6) IICojryHUHl:ll
(7) II THMOTeii 1:3
157
(8) Ohjihmoh, cthx 4
c. IlaBeji mojih iitpKBHTe Aa ce mojuit 3a Hero
(1) Phmjihhh 15:30
(2) II KopHHTflHH 1:11
(3) E(J)ecHHH6:19
(4) Kojiocjihh4:3
(5) I ConyHiiH 5:25
(6) IICojiyH U H3:l
3. 3acrbnHHHecKDTO cny5KeHHe Ha irbpKBaTa
a. MonHTBa e^HH 3a jspyr
(1) EiJtecaHH 6:18
(2) I Thmot6h2:1
(3) ^kdb5:16
b. MonHTBa 3a cneuHcJiHHHH rpynn
(1) BparoBeTe hh, MaTeii 5:44
(2) XpncTOBHTe paGoTHHiiH, EBpen 13:18
(3) ynpaBjiaBaniHTe, I THMOTeii2:2
(4) GonHHTe, -3kdb 5:13-16
(5) OTCTbnHHiiHTe, I HoaH 5:16
c. MonHTBa 3a bchhkh xopa, I THMOTeii 2: 1
III. IIpeflnocTaBKii ja nojiynaBaHe Ha OTroBop Ha mojihtbhtc
A. HaniHTe OTHomeHHH c Xphctoc h c flyxa
1. IIpe6i>ABaHTe b Hero, HoaHl 5:7
2. B HeroBOTO me, HoaHl4:13,14; 15:16; 16:23-24
3. B flyxa, EcJtecaHH 6:18; K)fla20 ex
4. B cbOTBeTCTBHe c Eo5KHHTa bojm, MaTeii 6:10; I HoaH 3:22; 5:14-15
B. MOTHBaHHH
1. Ee3 HeyBepeHOCT, MaTeii 21:22; .Hkob 1:6-7
2. CMHpemie h noicaaHHe, Jlyica 18:9-14
3. Mon6a c HenpaBHjiHH uejiH, .Hkob 4:3
4. ErorabM, .Hkob 4:2-3
C. flpyrn acneKTH
1 . IIocToaHCTBaHe
a. JlyKa 18:1-8
b. Kojiocami 4:2
c. .Hkob 5:16
2. He ce OTKa3BaiiTe
a. MaTeii 7:7-8
b. JIy K a 11:5-13
c. .Hkob 1:5
3 . Pa3flopH b jipua, I nerbp 3 : 7
4. Ee3 oci>3HaTH rpexeme
a. ncauM 66:18
b. npHTHH 28:9
c. Hcaa 59:1-2
d. Hcaa 64:7
IV. EorocnoBCKo 3aKjiiOHeHiie
A. KaKBa npHBHjieraji! KaKBa bt>3mo5khoct! KaicbB rt>jit h OTroBopHOCT!
B. Hcyc e HannuiT npHMep. fl,yxi>T e HanraaT Bopgn. OTeii hh craKBa y AOMa.
C. MonHTBaTa M05Ke ^a npoMeHH Bac, ceMeiicTBOTO bh, npHHTejiHre bh h CBeTa.
NASB „aa 6hx npoKKimaT, omdenen ot XpiiCTOc''
158
NKJV „ aa 6hx npoKtjmaT ot XpiiCTOc"
NRSV „ aa 6hx npoKKimaT 11 OTceneH ot XpiiCTOc"
TEV „ aa 6hx npoKtjmaT ot Bora, OTaejieH ot XpiiCTOc"
JB „ aa Stfla floSpoBOJiHO npoKKimar 11 OTceneH ot XpiiCTOc"
Han-npocTOTO 3HaHeHne Ha npHjiaraTejiHOTO „CBaT" e „OT/iejieH 3a Bora, 3a Hercraa ynoTpeGa ". Ctmara
KOHnenuHH e CBi>p3aHa c noiMTHeTO ..npoKjurrae ". Hemo hjih hhkoh, 6irea OT^ejieHO 3a Bora. ToBa M05Ke ^a
e nonoacHTejiHO (bjk. JleBHT 27:28; JlyKa 21:5) hjih OTpHuarejiHO npe5KHBaBaHe (bjk. He. HaB. 6-7 rji.; Phmji.
9:3), B 3aBHCHMOCT OT KOHTeKCTa.
CnEljHAJlHO noromiE: nPOKJMTHE (ANATHEMA)
B eBpeHCKHH HMa hhkojiko ayuu 3a „npoKjiHTHe". Herem ce H3noji3Ba 3a He ma, npejiajiemi Ha
Bora (bjk. LXX KaTO anathema, JleBHT 27:28), o6hkhob6ho 3a pa3pynieHHe (bjk. BTop. 7:26; He.
HaB. 6:17-18; 17:12). To3h TepMHH e ronojmaH bi>b Bpi>3Ka c KOHuenuHaTa 3a „CBemeHaTa BOHHa".
Bor e 3anoBa/iaji xaHaaHuirre aa Gt^aT noryGemi h EpnxoH e ntpBaTa bt>3mo5khoct, „m>pBHTe
nnoAOBe".
B H3 AyMaTa anathema h CBi>p3aHHTe c Hea (JtopMH ca H3noji3BaHH b hhkojiko pa3JiHHHH
3HaHeHH3.
KaTO flap hjih npHHoe 3a Bora (bjk. Jlyica 21:5)
KaTO CMipTHa KjieTBa (bjk. J\Qsmwi 23:14)
KaTO onncaHHe Ha HeueH3ypHa pen, pyraTejiCTBa (bjk. MapK 14:71)
(JtopMyjia 3a npoKjiarae, CBi>p3aHa c Hcyc (bjk. I Kop. 12:3)
npeaaBaHe Ha HaKoro (hjih Ha He mo) Ha Eo5khh ci>a 3a noryGBaHe (bjk. Phmji. 9:3; I Kop.
16:22; Tan. 1:8-9).
9:4-5 Ta3H nopeflHiia ot EE3rJIAroJIHH OPA3H KapTHHHO npeacTaBa npeHMymecTBaTa Ha H3panji. B
CBeTjiHHaTa Ha BCHHKHre Te3H npHBHjierHH HeBepneTO hm H3rjie5iyia ome no-Te5KKO. Ha kototo mhoto e
naneno, ot Hero mhoto me ce H3HCKa (bjk. JlyKa 12:48)!
9:4 „H3paiuiTHHii" ToBa e 3aBeTHOTO Ha3BaHHe Ha ABpaaMOBOTO hotomctbo. Cnen cpema c Bora, Koaro ce
OKa3Ba noBpaTHa TCraca b 5KHBOTa Ha .Hkob, HMero My e npoMeHeHO Ha H3panji (bjk. EHrae 32:28). ToBa HMe
ce npeBp-bina b koji6kthbho Ha3BaHHe Ha uajiaTa KweHCKa HaHiia. 3HaHeHHeTO BepoaTHO e „Heica El (Bor)
ona3H", KaTO ce noApa36iipa, ne ona3BaHeTO ce ocbinecTBaBa HMeHHO ot Bora, a He npe3 jryKaBCTBOTO Ha
.Hkob.
h „Ha kohto npiiHafljieacn ociiHOBiraaHeTO KaTO ciihobc" B C3 MHCOKECTBEHOTO ^HCJIO Ha „CHHOBe"
oGnKHOBeHO ce oraaca ki>m aHrejiHTe (bjk. Hob 1:6; 2:1; 38:7; JS,an. 3:25; nc. 29:1; 89:6-7), AOKaTO
EflHHCTBEHOTO ce H3noji3Ba 3a:
1. H3paHjieBHH uap (bjk. II Hape 7: 14)
2. Hapoaa (bjk. Hsxoa 4:22,23; BTop. 14:1; OcHa 11:1)
3. MecHH (b>k. nc. 2:7)
4. M05Ke na ce oraaca h 3a xopa (bjk. BTop. 32:5; nc. 73:15; E3eK. 2:1; Oc. 1:10. EHrae 6:2 e
ABycMHCJieHO - 6h Morao na e bcjiko ot no-ropHHTe 3HaHeHHa). B H3 to3h #yMa onncBa OHe3H,
kohto ca nacT ot Eo5KHeTO ceMeiicTBO.
OcHOBHaTa naBjioBa MeTaiJiopa 3a cnacemieTO e „0CHH0BaBaHe", AOKaTO nerbp h HoaH npe/inoHHTaT
„HOBopo5K/ieHHe (pa5K^aHe othobo)". H oBere MeTacJiopn ca ot ceMeiiHHa jkhbot, KaTO nporoxo/ia hm He e
lOAeiiCKH, a phmckh. OcHHOBaBaHero Gnjia CKbnocTpyBama h BpeMeeMKa npoue^ypa no 3aKOHHTe Ha Phm.
OcHHOBeHHHT HOBeK e 6hji Bi>3npHeMaH KaTO HOBa jihhhoct. Eamara-ocHHOBHTeji e HaMaji 3aKOHeH HanHH oa
ce OTpene ot ocHHOBemia.
H „cjiaBaTa" KopemT Ha ci>OTBeTHaTa eBpeiicKa nyma 03HaHaBa „Te5Ka" - MeTacJiopa 3a onncBaHe Ha Hemo,
KoeTO e mhoto ueHHO. TyK t% ce OTHaca ki>m (1) Bor, kohto ce pa3KpHBa Ha njiamnia CnHaii (bjk. H3xoa
19:18-19) hjih ki>m (2) oGjiaica Ha cjiaBaTa Shekinah, kohto e HaconBaji ropaHjiTaHHre no BpeMe Ha
CKHTaHeTO H3 nycTHHHTa (bjk. H3xoa 40:34-38). YHWH ce roaBaBa Ha H3panji no ymncajieH HanHH. 3a
npncbCTBHeTO Ha YHWH ce roBopn KaTO 3a HeroBa cjiaBa (bjk. Ill Hape 8:10-11; E3eK. 1:28). Bac.
159
CneHiiajmo noHjrrae ki>m 3:23.
H „3aBeTiiTe" B ApeBmrre rpi>HKH MaHycicpHnTH P^o, B, h D e H3noji3BaHO Efl,HHCTBEHOTO ^IHCJIO 3a
„3aBeT". MHO>KECTBEHOTO e npeAnoneTeHO b n, C, hhkoh apcbhh naTHHCKH MaHycKpHnra, BynraTa h
KonTCKHTe npeBOflH. UBS^ one Ha MHCOKECTBEHOTO c „B" (iiohth cnrypHo). Ot apyra CTpaHa,
MHO>KECTBEHOTO He ce H3non3Ba miKbpe b C3, MaKap ^a ce cnoMeHaBaT hhkojiko kohrpcthh 3aBeTa: c
AjiaM, Hoii, ABpaaM, Moiiceii h J\aBim. Ti>h KaTO cjieABamoTO, KoeTO IlaBeji cnoMeHaBa e AaBaHero Ha
MoiiceeBHJi 3aKOH, to TyK noA 3aBeT BepoaTHO ce pa36npa 3aBeTa c ABpaaM, kohto, cnopeA IlaBeji e
ocHOBononaram (b>k. 4:1-25; Tan. 3:16-17) h e noBTopeH hhkojtko itbth (bjk. Earae 12, 15, 17) h
npenoTB-bp^eH c BceKH ot naTpnapcHTe.
| CnELtHAJIHO nOHflTHE: 3ABET
CTapo3aBeTHH3T TepMHH berith — 3&bqt — He e neceH 3a Ae(J)HHHpaHe. B eBpeiicKHa HaMa
niArOJIH, cbOTBeTCTBamn Ha TOBa ci>mecTBHTejiHO. Bchhkh ohhth 3a roacHaBaHe Ha
eTHMOJioraHTa Ha berith 3BynaT ^ocTa HeyGeAHTejmo. CinjeBpeMeHHO, OHeBH/niaTa HempajiHa pojia
Ha Ta3H KOHiieniiHa e noATHKHana yHemrre #a H3CJieABaT ynoTpeGaTa Ha AyMaTa, b onHT ^a
onpe/iejiHT (JiyHKuiioHajiHOTO ft 3HaHeHHe.
3aBeTi>T e cpe^CTBOTO, npe3 KoeTO QjxaYmsn, HCTHHeH Bor B3aHMOAeiicTBa etc cbTBopemrre ot
Hero HOBenH. H/ieaTa 3a 3aBeT, ^oroBop hjih cbraaineHHe e KjnoHOBa 3a npaBHjiHOTO pa36npaHe Ha
GnGneHCKOTO OTKpoBeHne. Hanpe5KeHHeTO, Bi>3HHKBamo mq-skj^ Eo5khh cyBepeHHTeT h HOBeniKaTa
CBoGo^Ha bojm acHO npojiiPiaBa b KOHHenHiiaTa 3a 3aBeTa. Hjikoh ot 3aBeTHTe ce oGjiaraT Ha Eo5KHa
xapaKTep, achctbhh h HaMepemia.
1. caMOTO CBTBopeHHe (bjk. BnTHe 1-2 rji.)
2. npH30BaBaHeTO Ha ABpaaM (bjk. EHrae 12 rn.)
3. 3aBeTi>T c ABpaaM (bjk. Bhthc 15 rn.)
4. H36aBjieHHeTO h oGemaHneTO ^a^CHO Ha Hoii (bjk. Bhthc 6-9 ra.)
B ci>moTO BpeMe caMaTa cbiiihoct Ha 3aBeTa H3HCKBa OTBeraa peaKuiia.
1 . npe3 Bapa A/iaM e TpaGBajio aa ce noKopn Ha Bora h aa He xp,e ot ai>pboto nocpea E/ieM
(bjk. Bhthc 2 rn.)
2. npe3 Bapa ABpaaM e TpaGBajio aa HanycHe ceMeiicTBOTO ch, aa nocjieABa Bora h #a
noBapBa b GiAeniHTe ch HacneAHHUH (bjk. Bhthc 12,15 rn.)
3. npe3 Bapa Hoii e TpaGBano aa nocTpon orpoMeH KopaG aajien ot BcaKaKBa BO^a h #a
ci>6epe 5KHBOTHHTe (bjk. BnTHe 6-9 rn.)
4. npe3 Bapa Moiiceii e H3Ben H3paHjiTaHHTe ot EraneT h e nojiynnji kohkpcthh yica3aHHa
3a penHrH03HHa h coniiajiHiia 5khbot, npHApyjKemi ot GnarocjiOBeHHa h npoioiaTHa (bjk.
Btop. 27-28 ra.)
Comoro Hanpe5KeHHe, BKjiiOHBamo Eojkhhtc B3aHMOOTHOHieHHa c HOBenecTBOTO npncbCTBa h b
„HOBHa 3aBeT". Mojkcm r& ro npocjie/nrM, KaTO cpaBHHM E3eK. 18 rn. c E3eic. 36:27-37. J],ajiH 3aBeT"bT
ce ocHOBaBa Ha Eo5KHaTa mhjioct h ^eiicTBHa hjih e oGycnoBeH ot OTKjiHKa Ha xopaTa? ToBa e Haii-
meKOTjiHBHa Binpoc KaKTO Ha CTapna 3aBeT, TaKa h Ha HoBHa. H b ABaTa cnynaa nejnrre ca e/niaKBH:
(1) Bi>3CTaHOBaBaHe Ha oGmeHneTO, H3iy6eHO b Bhthc 3 ra. h (2) (JiopMnpaHe Ha npaBe/ieH HapoA,
kohto aa OTpa3aBa Eo5KHa xapaKTep.
HoBHaT 3aBeT ot EpeMHa 31:31-34 peinaBa npoGneMa, KaTO npeMaxBa HOBeniKHTe Aena KaTO
yenoBHe 3a npneMaHe ot Bora. Bo5KHaT 3aKOH ce npeBpima bi>b Bi>TpeinHO JKenaHHe, BMecTO bt>hiiiho
Haji05KeH CTaH/iapT. npeAHa3HaHeHHeTO Ha Goroyroamia h npaBeAeH HapoA ocTaBa cimaTa, ho
MeTOAOJiornaTa ce npoMeHa. naAHanoTO b rpax HOBenecTBO e AOica3ajio CBoaTa HecnocoGHOCT ^a
npe^CTaBa Eo5KHa o6pa3 (bjk. Phmji. 3:9-18). npo6neMT>T He e b 3aBeTa, a b HOBeniicaTa cuaGocT h
rpexoBHOCT (bjk. Phmji. 7 rji.; Taji. 3 rji.).
Ci>moTO npoTHBopenHe, kocto ce HaGjno/iaBa b C3 MQjKjxy 6e3ycjiOBHHTe h ycjiOBHHTe 3aBeTH ce
3ana3Ba h b H3. CnaceHHeTO e Ham>jiHO 6e3njiaTHO b 3aBi>pnieHOTO ^ejio Ha Hcyc Xphctoc, ho to
H3HCKBa noKaaHHe h Bapa (KaKTO mpBOHanajiHO, Taxa h b nocjieACTBHe). To e eAHOBpeMeHHO
lopn^HHecKO 3aaBjieHHe ot cipaHa Ha Bora 3a Hac h npH3HB ki>m ynoAoGaBaHe Ha Xphctoc;
TBip/ieHHe, b KoeTO ce KOHCTarapa HaineTO npneMaHe h 3anoBeA 3a CBaTOCT! BapBamHTe He ce
cnacaBaT npe3 /jejiaTa ch, ho ce cnacaBaT^a noKopciBO (bjk. Ecjiec. 2:8-10). EjiaronecTHBHaT 5khbot
160
CTaBa npumciK - a He cpedcmeo - 3a cnacemie.
H „aaBaHeTO Ha 3aK0Ha h xpaviOBiiTe cnyacSn" TyK CTaBa Binpoc hjih 3a (1) nojiynaBaHeTO Ha 3aKOHa ot
Moireeii Ha njiamiHa CHHaii (bjk. H3xoa 19-20 rn.) h pa3BHraeTO Ha xpaMOBOTO cjiyjKemie npn fl,aBH^, hjih
3a (2) CKHHHaTa b nepHO^a Ha oGmcajiaHeTO H3 nycTHHaTa (bjk. H3xoa 25-40 rn. h JIcbht).
H „o6emamiHTa" Bor e pa3Kpnji iuiaHOBeTe ch 3a GtaemeTO (bjk. 1:2; £I,eaHHa 13:32; Tht 1:2; EBp. 1:1)
npe3 C3.
CneA KaTO no-paHO ca cnoMeHaTH ,,3aBeTHTe ", „o6emaHHaTa" BepoaTHO ce oraacaT kbm Mecna (bjk. ct.
5; BHrae 3:15; 49:10; Brop. 18:15,18-19; II Hape 7; nc. 16:10; 118:22; Hcaa 7:14; 9:6; 11:1-5; J\w.
7:13,27; Mnxeii 5:2-5a; 3ax. 2:6-13; 6:12-13; 9:9; 11:12).
Te3H oGemaHHH (3aBeTH) ca e/niOBpeMeHHO ycnoBHH h 6e3ycjiOBHn. Te ca 6e3ycjiOBHH, mo ce oraaca ao
Bo5khcto ^eHCTBHe (bjk. Bhthc 15:12-21), ho 3aBncaT ot BapaTa h noKopcTBOTO Ha hobchcctboto (bjk.
Bhthc 15:6 h Phmji. 4 rn.). npe/ni H/iBaHeTO Ha Xphctoc Bojkhcto ce6epa3KpHBaHe e npnHaAJie>Kajio caMO
Ha H3paHji.
9:5 „6amiiTe" CTaBa Binpoc 3a ABpaaM, Hcaaic h .Hkob - naTpnapcHTe ot Bhthc 12-50 rn. (b>k. Phmji.
11:28; Brop. 7:8; 10:15).
H „ot kohto e ii XpiiCTOC cnopea njitTTa" HMa ce npeABHA HOBenncna nporoxoa Ha Mecna (bjk. 1:3),
IIoMa3aHHKa, Eo5KHa cneuiiajieH, H36paH cjryjKHTeji, kohto e npe/niasHaHeH %a H3m>jiHH Bojkhhtc o6emaHHa
h njiaHOBe (bjk. 10:6).
TepMHHi>T „Xphctoc" e rpi>HKHaT npeBOA Ha eBpeiiCKHa H3pa3 „to3h, kohto e noMa3aH". B C3 Tpn
rpynn ot BO^aHH ca 6hjih noMa3BaHH etc cneiniajnio, ocBeTeHO Macjio: (1) uapeTe Ha IfepaHji, (2)
mpBOCBemeHHiiHTe Ha H3panji h (3) npopouiiTe Ha H3panji. To3h aKT chmbojihhho e noKa3Baji, ne Bor
H36Hpa h no/iroTBa onpe/iejieHH xopa, 3a ^a My cjryacaT Hcyc H3ni>jiHaBa (JiyHKuinrre h Ha Tpnre rpynn
Bopgnn, kohto 6hjih noMa3BaHH (bjk. EBp. 1:2-3). Toil e 3aBi>piHeHOTO Bo5KHe OTKpoBeHHe, 3amoTO Toft e
caMHaT Binji-bTeH Bor (bjk. Hcaa 7:14; 9:6; Mnxeii 5:2-5a; Koji. 1:13-20).
NASB „XpncTOC cnopea mitTTa, kohto e Han bciihko, Bor QjiarocjiOBeH 3aBiiHani"
NKJV „Xphctoc floiifle, kohto e nan bciihko, bchho SjiarocjiOBemiH Bor"
NRSV „HflBa Mecna, kohto e nan bciihko, Bor QjiarocjiOBeH jaBiiHani"
TEV „XpiiCTOC, KaTO hobohko cbihcctbo, npiiHaajieacn Ha Hapo,na hm. HeKa Bor, kohto Bjiaaee
Haa bchhko, aa Stfle bchho npocjiaBHH"
JB „floi"ifle Xphctoc, kohto e Haa bciihko, Bor QjiarocjiOBeH jaBimarii"
IpaMaTHHecKH TOBa 6h Morao ^a e cjiaBocjiOBHe 3a OTeii (KaKTO e b TEV), ho KOHreKCTbT noAKpena
npeBOAHTe, npn kohto IlaBeji yTBi>p5KAaBa 6o5KecTBeHOCTra Ha Hcyc. Maicap h pa/iKO, IlaBeji h Ha ppyrn
MecTa H3noji3Ba Theos bi>b Bpi>3Ka c Hcyc (bjk. JJpsimisL 20:28; Tht 2:13; Ohji. 2:6). Bchhkh paHHH
i(i>Pkobhh othh npHeiviaT, He to3h TeKCT ce OTHaca 3a Hcyc.
h „kohto e Haa bciihkh" ToBa ci>mo 6h Morao n& e onncaTejiHa (J)pa3a KaKTO 3a Eor-OTeu, TaKa h 3a Hcyc
CnHa. Mo5KeM %a npocjie^HM Bpi>3KaTa etc 3aaBjieHHeTO Ha Hcyc b MaTeii 28:19 h Ha naBeji b Koji. 1:15-
20. Ta3H BejiHnecTBeHa (J)pa3a noA^epTaBa 6e3yMHeTO Ha H3panji, npoaBeHO b OTXBi>pjiaHeTO Ha Hcyc ot
Ha3apeT
H „3aBiiHarn" Epi>HKHaT h/hiom GyKBajiHO ce npeBe^a „ki>m BeKOBeTe/AOBeica" (bjk. JlyKa 1:33; Phmji.
1:25; 11:36; Eaji. 1:5; I Thm. 1:17). CbinecTByBaT ABe pa3HOBH/niocTH Ha H3pa3a: (1) „flOBeKa" (bjk. MaTeii
21:19 [MapK 11:14]; JlyKa 1:55; HoaH 6:5,58; 8:35; 12:34; 13:8; 14:16; II Kop. 9:9) hjih (2) „ot Bera ot
BeKOBeTe" (bjk. Ecjiec. 3:21). H3rjie5iyia, ne Me^Kjiy Te3H h/hiomh HaMa pa3JiHKa b CMHCiJia - bchhkh Te
03HaHaBaT „3aBHHarH". Bi>3mo5kho e MHO)KECTBEHOTO ^IHCJIO Ha ayMaTa „BeKOBe" ^a e npHMep 3a
THnHHHaTa 3a paBHHCicaTa o6pa3Ha pen rpaMaTHnecica KOHCTpyioiHa, HapeneH L[APCTBEHO MHCOKECTBEHO
^HCJIO. flpyra bi>3mo5khoct e ^a CTaBa Binpoc 3a lO^eiiCKaTa KOHuenuiia 3a ci>mecTByBaHeTO Ha pa3JiHHHH
„BeKOBe - enoxn" - „BeK Ha HeBHHHOCTra", „BeK Ha HenecTHBOCTTa", ..hrhwl BeK" hjih „ BeK Ha npaB/iaTa".
161
h „Amhh" B)K. CnEL[HAJIHO ITOH5ITHE KbM 1:25.
HHTAT OT EBJITAPCKHJI TlVEBOJl BEPEH — 9:6-13
" OGane He e Taica, KaTO ne Eo5KHeTO cjiobo ce e npoBajnuio; 3amoTO He bchhkh, kdhto ca ot IfepaHji, ca
H3paHji, ' hhto bchhkh ca ^ena, noHe5Ke ca ABpaaMOBO hotomctbo, a ,,no HcaaK me ce Hapene TBoeTO
noTOMCTBO." ° 3HanH He AeuaTa, poflemi no iutbt, ca Bojkhh aen,a, a flenara, poflemi cnopea oGemamieTO,
ce CHHTaT 3a hotomctbo. " 3amoTO TOBa e ayMaTa Ha oGemamieTo: ,,II],e aoima no TOBa BpeMe h Capa me
HMa chh." ^ H He caMO TOBa, ho KoraTO h PeBeKa 3aneHa ot e/niH - ot Hanma OTeii Hcaaic, *■*■ MaKap ne
6jiH3HaiiHTe ome He 6axa po^eioi h ome He 6axa ctophjih mnno ^o6po hjih 3jio, ho 3a ^a noHHBa Eo5KHeTO
no H36op HaMepeHHe He Ha aejia, a Ha Oh3h, kohto nprooBaBa, ^ ft ce Ka3a: „IIo-rojieMHaT me cjryryBa Ha
no-MajiKHa"; ^ KaKTO e nncaHo: ,,-Hkob Bi>3jno6Hx, a HcaB HaMpa3Hx."
HHTAT OT AHDIHHCKHfl IIPEBOfl NASB — 9:6-13
*>But it is not as though the word of God has failed. For they are not all Israel who are descended
from Israel; ^nor are they all children because they are Abraham's descendants, but: „through
Isaac your descendants will be named." 8 That is, it is not the children of the flesh who are
children of God, but the children of the promise are regarded as descendants. ^For this is the word of
promise: „At this time I will come, and Sarah shall have a son." l°And not only this, but there
was Rebekah also, when she had conceived twins by one man, our father Isaac; Hfor though the twins
were not yet born and had not done anything good or bad, so that God's purpose according to His
choice would stand, not because of works but because of Him who calls, l^it was said to her, „The
OLDER WILL SERVE THE YOUNGER." 13 Just as it is written, „jACOB I LOVED, BUT ESAU I HATED."
9:6 „cjioboto Ha Bora" B HacToamna kohtckct CTaBa BMipoc 3a 3aBeTHHTe o6emaHHa ot C3. Eo5KHHTe
oGemaHHH ca CHrypmi (bjk. Hhcji. 23:19; Hcaa 40:8; 55:11; 59:21).
NASB, NRSV, TEV, JB „ce e npoBaniuio"
NKJV „He ce e iontjiHiuio"
To3h rjiaron (ekpipto) e H3non3BaH b CemyarHHraTa hhkojiko m>TH, 3a ^a oiranie Hemo (bjk. Hcaa 6: 13)
hjih hhkoh (b>k. Hcaa 14:12), kohto na^a. TyK toh e b nEPOEKTHO BPEME, AKTHBEH 3AJIOr, H35IBHTEJIHO
HAKJIOHEHHE, KoeTO onncBa CBCToamie c TpaiiHH pe3yjiTaTH (ho TyK to e OTpeneHo). Bjk. 6ejie5KKaTa no-
rope OTHOCHO Ha^eJiyiHOCTTa Ha E05KHeTO CJIOBO.
H
NASB „He bchhkh, kohto npoinxoacaaT ot H3paiui ca H3paiui"
NKJV „He bchhkh ot Hjpanji ca H3pa11.11"
NRSV „He bchhkh inpaii.i ninii hcthhckh npimafljieacaT Ha H3paiui"
TEV „He bchhkh xopa ot Hjpaiui ca Boacn Hapoa"
JB „He bchhkh noTOMHii Ha Hjpaiui ca H3pa11.11"
CMHCbjrbT Ha TOBa napa/iOKcajiHO TBip/ieHHe ce H3ipa5iyia okojio pa3JiHHHHTe GnGjieiicKH 3HaHeHHa Ha
HMeTO ,,H3paHji": (1) H3panji, KaTO noTOMuii Ha .Hkob (bjk. Enrae 32:22-32); (2) H3panji, b cmhcbji Ha
roGpamia Bo5kh HapoA (bjk. TEV); hjih (3) flyxoBHHH H3panji, H3panji KaTO onncaHHe Ha iitpicBaTa (bjk.
Taji. 6:16; I Herbp 2:8,9; Otkp. 1:6), npoTHBonocTaBeH Ha ecTecTBemia H3panji (bjk. 3-6 ct). CaMO hjikoh
ot ABpaaMOBHTe HacjieAHHini ca 6hjih ^ena Ha oGeiHamieTO (bjk. 7 ct). J\opu h Kweirre HHKora He ca mouth
Aa 3acTaHaT npaBeflHO npea Bora, oGjiarainoi ce e/niHCTBeHO Ha nporoxo^a ch (bjk. 7 ct), a e TpaGBajio aa
BapBaT (bjk. 2:28-29; 4:1 h cji.; HoaH 8:31-59; Taji. 3:7-9; 4:23). HivieHHO BapBanniaT ocTarbK e nojiynnji
Bo5KHHTe oGemaHHa h e xoahji b Tax npe3 Bapa (bjk. 9:27; 11:5).
B cthx 6 3anoHBa nope/nina ot npe/niojiaraeMH Bi>3pa5KeHHa (bjk. 9:14,19,30; 11:1) - IlaBeji
npoAtJi>KaBa ^a H3noji3Ba (JinjinnHKa - nojieMHHHa (Jtopivia, npn KoaTO HCTHHaTa ce npe^CTaBa nocpe^CTBOM
cnop c Bi>o6pa5KaeM onoHeHT (bjk. Maji. 1:2,6,7 [ABam>TH],12,13; 2:14,17 [^Ban-bTH]; 3:7,13,14).
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9:7 BropaTa nacT ot to3h cthx e HirraT ot Bhthc 21:12. He bchhkh ABpaaMOBH /leua ca 6hjih Jieua Ha
Bo5KHeTO 3aBeTHO oGemaHne (bjk. Bhthc 12:1-3; 15:1-11; 17:1-21; 18:1-15; Tan. 4:23). Tcrna ce no/rqepTaBa
c pa3rpaHHHaBaHeTO Ha HcMann h HcaaK b 8-9 craxcme, h Ha .Hkob h HcaB b 10-11 CTHxoBe.
9:8 IlaBeji H3non3Ba TepMHHa ,,njn>T", 3a #a onHine eTHHHecKOTO hotomctbo (bjk. 1:3; 4:1; 9:3,5). Toii
npoTHBonocTaBa ecTecTBeHHTe /leua Ha ABpaaM (lo/ieHTe ot 9:3) h jryxoBHOTO hotomctbo (jieuaTa Ha
oGemaHHeTo) Ha ABpaaM (Te3H, kohto npe3 Bapa me ynoBaBaT Ha oGeinaHHJi ot Bora Mecna). ToBa He e
ci>mHa KOHTpacT, kohto BH/raxMe b 8:4-11, Kt/ieTO naAHanoTO HOBenecTBO h npoTHBonocTaBeHO Ha
H3KyneHOTO.
9:9 ToBa e uHraT ot Bhthc 18:10,14. OGemaHOTO iieTe („ceMeTo") me Jioiiiie ot Capa, icaro HmmiiaTHBaTa
me e Ha Bora. ToBa, b Kpainia CMeTKa, me AOBe/ie ao pa5KnaHeTO Ha Mecna. HcaaK e 6hji cneiniajTHOTO
H3ni>jiHeHHe ho Bo5KHeTO oGemaHHe, ;ia;ieHO Ha ABpaaM 13 r. no-paHO b Bhthc 12:1-3.
9:10 CinpyrHTe Ha ABpaaM, HcaaK h .Hkob ca 6hjih 6e3njiOAHH - HecnocoGmi ^a 3aneHaT. To3h (JiaKT e 6hji
e^HH ot HanHHHTe Bor /ia noica5Ke, ne Ton ;n>p5KH no/i Cboh kohtpoji 3aBeTHHre oGemaHiui h po/iocjiOBHaTa
JTHHHH Ha MeCHH.
J],pyrHaT HanHH e npe3 (JtaKra, ne po/iocjiOBHeTO Ha Mecna HHKora He ce H3ipa5iyia ot m>pBopoAHHre
CHHOBe Ha naTpnapcHTe (KaKTO GnxMe Mornn ^a onaicBaMe, no3HaBaiiKH KyjnypaTa). Kjhohit e b Eojkhji
H36op (B5K. ct. 11-12).
9:11-12 OraxoBe 11-12 Ha rpi>HKH cbCTaBjureaT e/iHO Hspenemie. HcTopiuiTa e B3eTa ot Bhthc 25:19-34.
To3h npHMep e H3non3BaH 3a AOKa3aTejiCTBO, ne Haii-Ba5KHOTO e Eojkhjit H36op (bjk. ct. 16), a He (1)
HOBeniKOTO poAOCJiOBHe hjih (2) HOBeiiiKHTe 3acnyrH h nocTH>KeHHa (bjk. ct. 16). ToBa e CbpueBHHaTa Ha
eBaHrejineTO - hobhht 3aBeT (bjk. EpeM. 31:31-34; E3eK. 36:22-36). B cbihoto BpeMe, cjie/iBa %a homhhm, ne
npeAHa3HaHeHHeTO Ha Eojkhji H36op He e ^a otxbi>pjdi, a #a npHo6maBa! Mecna e noTOMiK Ha cneuiiajTHO
OT5paH poA, ho Ton H/ipa 3a bchhkh (kohto BapBaT, B5K. 2:28-29; 4:3,22-25; raaBa 10).
9:11 „HaiviepeHiie" ToBa e CBCTaBHiuiT TepMimpro nnioc tithemi, kohto HMa hhkojiko bi>3M05khh 3HaHeHHa.
1. b Phmji. 3:25
a. nyGjiHHHO nocTaBeH
6. npHHOC 3a yMHjiocTHBemie
2. npeABapHTenHO nnaHnpaHe ot CTpaHa Ha
a. IlaBeji, Phmji. 1:13
6. Eor, Eijiec. 1:9
npoH3BOJiHOTO CLnjECTBHTEJIHO (prothesis), H3noji3BaHO b pa3rne5KjiaHHa tckct, 03HaHaBa „nocTaBeH
npefl".
1. ynoTpeGeHO 3a xjiaGa Ha npejui05KeHHeTO b xpaMa, MaTeii 12:4; MapK 2:26; JlyKa 6:4
2. ynoTpeGeHO bi>b Bpi>3Ka c npejionpejiejieHOTO H3KynHTejiHO HaMepeHHe Ha Bora, Phmji. 8:28; 9:11;
E4>ec. 1:5,11; 3:10; II Thm. 1:9; 3:10
naBen BKjnoHBa hhkojiko ci>CTaBHH TepMHHa, ci>Jii>p5KamH nPE^CTABKATA pro- (npejin) b Phmjmhh 8-9
rji. h b EiJiecaHH 1 rn.
1. proginosko (npejry3HaBaM), Phmji. 8:29
2. proorizo (peniaBaM npe/jBapHTejiHo), Phmji. 8:29 (Ecjtec. 1:5,11), 30 (Eijiec. 1:9)
3. prothesis (npejionpejiejieHO HaMepeHHe), Phmji. 9:11
4. proetoimctzo (no/jroTBaM npe/jBapHTejiHo), Phmji. 9:23
5. prolego (Ka3BaM no-paHo), Phmji. 9:29
6. />roe//>/'zo (HajiaBaM ce npejiBapHTejiHo), Eijiec. 1:12
9:12 ToBa e inrraT ot npoponecTBOTO b Bhthc 25:23 othocho HcaB h .Hkob. Ot Hero cjieABa, ne PeBeKa h
.Hkob jieiicTBaT KaTO H3ni>jiHHTejiH Ha npoponecTBO, a He 3a jnpraa H3rojia, KoraTO H3MaMBaT HcaaK bi>b
Bpi>3Ka c GjiarocjiOBeHHeTO !
9:13 „a HcaB HaMpaHix" To3h HirraT e ot Maji. 1:2-3. „Mpa3a" e eBpeiicKH hjihom 3a cpaBHemie. 3BynH
rpy6o Ha 6i>jirapcKH, ho cpaBHeTe ro c Bhthc 29:31-33; BTop. 21:15; MaTeii 10:37-38; Jlyica 14:26 h HoaH
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12:25. AHTponoMop(J)H3MHTe ..oGiPiaM" h „Mpa3a" He onncBaT Eo5KHHTe nyBCTBa kbm onpeAejiemi
hh^hbhah, a HeroBOTO nocBemeHne Ha MecnaHCKHTe o6emaHHJi. .Hkob e 6hji chh Ha oGemaHHero bi>3
ocHOBa Ha npoponecTBOTO b Earae 25:23. B Manaxna 1:2-3 HcaB chmbojihhho npe^CTaBa nejuui e^OMCKH
HapoA (HacneflHHHHTe na HcaB).
HHTAT OT EBJirAPCKHJI JlPEBOJl BEPEH — 9:14-18
14 KaKBO ff& Ka5KeM ToraBa? Hivia jih HenpaB/ia y Bora? J\& He Gt^e! ^ 3amoTO Toft Ka3Ba Ha Moftceft:
,,LLI,e noKa5Ka mhjioct, kt>m KoroTO me noKa5Ka, h me no5Ka.na, kototo me no5Ka.na." 1" H TaKa, He 3aBHCH ot
T03H, KOHTO HCKa, HHTO OT T03H, KOHTO THHa, a OT Bora, KOHTO nOKa3Ba MHJIOCT. ^' 3aiIK>TO IlHCaHHeTO
Ka3Ba Ha (JiapaoHa: ,,Hm6hho 3aroBa Te H3/nrrHax, 3a Jia noKasra b Te6 cnjiaTa Ch h jja ce Bi>3BecTH HMero
Mh no nejina CBaT." '°H TaKa, kbm kototo HCKa, Toft noKa3Ba mhjioct h kototo HCKa, 3aKopaBaBa.
HHTAT OT AHDIHHCKHJI nPEBOfl NASB — 9:14-18
l^What shall we say then? There is no injustice with God, is there? May it never be! l^For He says
to Moses, „I WILL HAVE MERCY ON WHOM I HAVE MERCY, AND I WILL HAVE COMPASSION ON WHOM I
HAVE COMPASSION." l^So then it does not depend on the man who wills or the man who runs, but on
God who has mercy. l 7 For the Scripture says to Pharaoh, „Forthis very purpose I raised you up,
TO DEMONSTRATE MY POWER IN YOU, AND THAT MY NAME MIGHT BE PROCLAIMED THROUGHOUT THE
WHOLE EARTH." l^So then He has mercy on whom He desires, and He hardens whom He desires.
9:14 „KaKBO jx& KaaceM, ToraBa?" LTaBeji necro H3noji3Ba noaoGmi Binpocn, thhhhhh 3a noflxoaa H a
(JiHjiHHHKaTa (bhc. 3:5; 4:1; 6:1; 7:7; 8:31; 9:14,19,30).
H „B Bora Hsrvia HecnpaBenjnmocT, Haim?" KaK e bi>3mo5kho Bor j\a H3HCKBa ot xopaTa aa OTroBapaT
npeA Hero, cjieA KaTO onpeAeJiamnaT (JiaKTop e EroKHa cyBepeHHTeT (bjk. ct. 19)? ToBa e MHCTepnaTa Ha
H36HpaHeTO. KjnoHOBHHT aicneHT b to3h KOHTeKCT e, ne Bor e CBoGo^eH %a nocn>nBa c HOBenecTBoro
(pa36yHTyBajiOTO ce TBopeHne) TaKa, KaKTO Toft 5Kejiae, ho HeroBHaT cyBepeHHTeT ce npoaBaBa b mhjioct, a
He b rpy6a cnjia.
Ci>mo Taica TpaGBa ^a Ka>KeM, ne Eo5KHaT cyBepeH H36op He e ocHOBaH Ha npe^BapHTejiHO 3Hamie 3a
6i>AemHTe HOBeniKH pemeHHa h nocrbniai. Ako TOBa Genie TaKa, to, b Kpainia CMeTKa, jiKHmrre pemeHHa,
aeftcTBim h 3acjryrH Ha xopaTa maxa #a ce OKa>KaT ocHOBa 3a Eo5KHa H36op (bjk. ct. 16; I nerbp 1:2). B
ocHOBara Ha no^oGHO cxBamaHe ctoh KweftcKHaT Bi>3rjieA 3a npocnepHTeTa Ha npaBe/raHTe (bjk. BTop. 27-
28 rji.; Hob h nc. 73). Bor oGane H36Hpa ^a GjiarocjiOBH HeAOCTO inane npe3 Bapa (a He no 3acjryrn, B5K.
5:8). Bor 3Hae bchhko, ho Toft e penraji /ja orpaHHHH CBoa H36op b paMKHTe Ha (1) MHjiocTra h (2)
oGenjaHHaTa. HoBeniKnaT OTroBop e Heo6xo/niM, ho Toft caMO cjieABa h OKOHnaTejiHO noTBi>p5KnaBa
Bo5KHeTO, pemeHHe 3a H36op, npoMeHamo 5KHBOTa.
H „flaHO raiKora He 6tfle" ToBa e pa/nca OOPMA HA onTATHB, Koaro Haft-necTO ce H3noji3Ba ot naBeji 3a
eMiJiaTHHHO OTpHnaHe Ha TBi>pAeHHaTa Ha Bi>o6pa5KaeMHa onoHenr (bjk. 3:4,6,31; 6:2,15; 7:7,13; 11:1,11;
KaKTO h I Kop. 6:15; Taji. 2:17; 3:21; 6:14).
9:15 ToBa e nirraT ot H3xoa 33:19. Bor e CBoGo/ieH %a ^eftcTBa b ci>OTBeTCTBHe etc CoGcTBemrre ch
H3KynHTejiHH HaMepeHHa. flopn h Moftceft He e 3acjry>KaBaji Bo5KHeTO GjiarocjiOBemie (bjk. H3xoa 33:20) -
Moftceft e 6hji yGneii (bjk. H3xoa 2:11-15). OcHOBaTa 3a Bo5KHe H36op e HeroBaTa mhjioct (bjk. ct. 16,18-23;
11:30,31,32).
9:15-16 „miijioct" Ta3H rpinica ayMa (eleos, bjk. ct. 15,16,18,23; 11:30,31,32) e H3noji3BaHa b
CeniyarHHTaTa (LXX) 3a npeBOA Ha cneiinajiHHa eBpeftcKH TepMHH hesed, koiito e osHanaBaji
„HenoKOJie6HMa, 3aBeTHa bjiphoct". He 6nBa ji& ce 3a6paBa, ne nncaTejiHTe Ha H3 ca 6hjih eBpeftcKH
MHCJiHTejiH, mnnemH Ha rpmKH. Bo5KHaTa mhjioct h roGop ca koji6kthbhh, rpynoBH (lo^eHTe [HcaaK], a He
164
apaGnro [HcMami]; H3panji [.Hkob], a He E^om [HcaB]; BapBaiiniTe - Kaicro Kyien, TaKa h e3HHHnnii, bjk. ct.
24), MaKap fla 3acaraT n OT/iejiHH hh^hbhah. Ta3n HCTHHa e ejimi ot KjnoHOBeTe kt>m pasGnpaHero Ha
AOKTpHHaTa 3a npeAonpeAejieHHeTO (ymrBepcajiHOTO H3KynjieHHe). JJpyTwn kjiioh, b KOHreiccTa Ha 9-11
rnaBH, e Eojkhht xapaKTep - HeroBaTa mhjioct (bjk. 9:15,16,18,23; 11:30,31,32), a He 3acnyrHTe Ha xopaTa.
IIocpeACTBOM H36HpaHeTO MHjiocTTa me /iocTHrae ao bchhkh, kohto BapBaT b Xpncroc - E^hhhht, kohto
OTBapa BpaTaTa Ha BapaTa 3a bchhkh (bjk. 5:18-19).
9:17-18 Cthx 17 e HjrraT ot H3xoa 9:16 h cb^pxca mhoto 3HaHHM apryMeHT b non3a Ha yHHBepcajiH3Ma;
cthx 18 e saicjTfOHeHHeTO nsBjieneHO to iiHTaTa. B H3xoa 8:15,32; 9:34 hh ce Ka3Ba, ne (JtapaoHiT caM e
BKopaBHji ci>piieTO ch. A ot H3xoa 4:21; 7:3; 9:12; 10:20,27; 11:10 HaynaBaMe, ne Eor e to3h, kohto e
BKopaBHji cbpueTO My. To3H npHMep e npHBe/ieH, 3a aa ce no/i^epTae Eojkhht cyBepeHHTeT (bjk. ct. 18).
OapaoHiT hoch OTroBopHOCT 3a peineHHaTa ch. Eor H3non3Ba aporaHTHHa h ynopHT (JiapaoH, 3a /ia
H3ni>jiHH CBoaTa bojm 3a H3panji (bjk. 18 ct).
3a6ene5KeTe ci>iiio, ne nejiTa Ha Eo5KHHTe nencTBiM cnpaMO (JiapaoHa e Gnna KaKTO H3KynnTejTHa, TaKa h
BceoGxBaTHa, yHHBepcajma. Te3H achctbhh ca 6hjih npe/niasHaHeHH:
1. /ia AeMOHCTpHpaT Eo5KHaTa CHjia (b npoTHBOBec Ha ernneTCKHTe npnpoAHH h jkhbothhckh
6o5KecTBa, KaKTO Eht. 1 rn. ce npoTHBonocTaBa Ha BaBHjioHCKHTe acTpanHH 6o5KecTBa)
2. /ia H3aB3T Bora npeA ErnneT h, no noApa36npaHe npeA nenroi cbjit (b>k. 17 ct).
3anaAHaTa mhcbji Bi>3AHra HH^HBH/iyajiH3Ma, AOKaTO h3tohhoto MHcneHe e Cbcpe/iOTOHeHO Ha
noTpeGHOCTHTe Ha koji6kthbhoto tjijto. Eor e H3noji3Ban (JiapaoHa 3a aa pa3Kpne Ce6e ch npea e/niH
nysiyiaem ce cbjit. H Toh me HanpaBH cbiiioto c HeBapBannui H3paHji (bjk. rnaBa 11). B to3h kohtckct
npaBaTa Ha HH/niBH/ia Gjie/nieaT b CBeTjiHHaTa Ha KOJieKTHBHaTa Hy5K/ia. CnoMHeTe ch npHMepnTe 3a
AeiiCTBHeTO Ha to3h npHHUjun b C3:
1. mpBHTe Aena Ha Hob yMHpaT 3apa/ni cnop Ha A^Bona h Bora (bjk. Hob 1-2 rn.)
2. 36 H3paHjieBH Boinnmn yMHpaT 3apami rpexa Ha AxaH (bjk. He. HaB. 7 rn.)
3. mpBOTO aeTe na fl,aBH£ ot BnTcaBee yMnpa BCJieacTBHe Ha rpexa Ha fl,aBH£ (bjk. II Hape 12: 15).
Bchhkh CMe 3acerHaTH ot H36opHTe, kohto OKOJimrre npaBaT. Ta3H BceoGxBaTHOCT M05Ke ,aa ce
HaGniOAaBa h b H3, b Phmji. 5:12-21.
HHTAT OT BtJirAPCKHfl nPEBOfl BEPEH— 9:19-26
1" ToraBa th me Kaaceni: A 3aino ome oGBniwBa? 3amoTO koh e ycToaji Ha BOJiaTa My? ^ Ho, o,
HOBene, koh ch th, ne ,aa OTroBapam npoTHB Bora? HanpaBeHOTO Hemo me Ka5Ke jih Ha oh3h, kohto ro e
HanpaBHji: 3amo ch Me HanpaBHji TaKa? *■*■ Hjih rptiPiapaT iMMa jih BjiacT waji rjiHHaTa, ot Qjxtm h cbina
Gyna pa HanpaBH e/niH c-bji, 3a noHTeHa ynoTpeGa, a apyr - 3a HenoHTeHa ynoTpeGa? ^2 Ho KaKBO ot TOBa,
aKO Bor, ncKaincn ,na noKa5Ke rHeBa Ch h ,na h.3hbh cnjiaTa Ch, e Ttpmui c romiMO ^JirorbpneHHe Cb/iOBeTe
Ha rHeBa, npnroTBeHn 3a nornGeji, ^ h TOBa e, 3a ^a h33bh GoraTCTBOTO Ha CBoaTa cnaBa Bipxy cb^OBeTe
Ha MHjiocTTa, kohto Toh e npHroTBHji OTnpe^H 3a cnaBa - ^ Hac, kohto nprooBa He caMO H3Me5K/ry io/ieHTe,
a h H3Me5K/ry e3HHHHiiHTe? ^ KaKTO Ka3Ba h b Ocna: „III,e HapeKa Moii HapoA oh3h, kohto He Genie Moii
HapoA, h Bi>3Jiio6eHa - Ta3H, kohto He 6eme Bi>3Jiio6eHa"; ^" „H Ha cbiiioto Macro, Kb/ieTO hm ce Ka3a: He
cro Moii Hapo/i; TaM me ce HapeKaT CHHOBe Ha 5khbh3 Eor."
IJHTAT OT AHDIHHCKHfl nPEBOfl NASB — 9:19-26
l^You will say to me then, „Why does He still find fault? For who resists His will?" 20()n the
contrary, who are you, O man, who answers back to God? The thing molded will not say to the molder,
„Why did you make me like this", will it? ^lOr does not the potter have a right over the clay, to make
from the same lump one vessel for honorable use and another for common use? ^^What if God,
although willing to demonstrate His wrath and to make His power known, endured with much
patience vessels of wrath prepared for destruction? 23 And He did so to make known the riches of His
glory upon vessels of mercy, which He prepared beforehand for glory, ^even us, whom He also called,
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not from among Jews only, but also from among Gentiles. ^^As He says also in Hosia, „I WILL CALL
THOSE WHO WERE NOT MY PEOPLE, „MY PEOPLE,' AND HER WHO WAS NOT BELOVED, „BELOVED.'"
„ 26 And it shall be that in the place where it was said to them, „you are NOT My people,'
There they shall be called sons of the living God."
9:19 „KOH yCTOHBa Ha BOJIHTa My" ToBa e nEPOEKTHO BPEME, AKTHBEH 3AJIOr, H3iffiHTEJIHO
HAKJIOHEHHE, c KoeTO ce nonnepTaBa Bene ycTaHOBeH (JiaKT c nponbiDKaBaiHH pe3yjrrara (bjk. II Hex 20:6;
Hob 9:12; lie. 135:6; J\an. 4:35). naBen npontiDKaBa na H3non3Ba (JmnHnHKa. Haii-noGpHaT HanHH 3a
CbCTaBaHe Ha nnaH h 3a cxBamaHe Ha IlaBjiOBaTa mhcbji e npocnenflBaHeTO Ha (jmnHnHKHTe (bjk. Bheedemte,
B., 1 .). Bo5KH3Ta Bona TpaGBa na ce pa3rae5Kna Ha nse HHBa. HbpBOTO e HeroBHaT nnaH 3a H3KynneHHe Ha
uanoTO rpeniHO HOBenecTBO (bjk. Eirrae 3:15). To3h nnaH He 3aBHCH ot HHnHBHnyanHHTe peniemia Ha
xopaTa. Ha btopoto hhbo Bor roGnpa na H3noji3Ba xopaTa KaTO Cboh HHCTpyMeHra (bjk. H3xon 3:7-9 h 10).
Toii roGnpa xopa, kohto na H3m>nHaT HaMepemiaTa My (KaKTO b nono5KHTeneH cmhcbji - Moiiceii, TaKa n b
OTpraiaTejieH - (JtapaoHa).
9:20-21 Te3H o6pa3H ca ot Hcaa 29:16; 45:9-13; 64:8 h Epeivi. 18:1-12. MeTacJiopaTa 3a YHWH icaro
rpi>HHap necTO ce H3noii3Ba 3a npencTaBaHe Ha Bora KaTO TBopeii, a Ha xopaTa - icaro CBTBopemi ot np-bcxra
(bjk. Enrae 2:7). naBen OKOHnaTejiHO o6ocHOBaBa HneaTa 3a cyBepeHHTeTa Ha Ci>3naTejia c noMomra na
ome Tpn Binpoca - m>pBHTe nBa b cthx 20, a Tperaa - b cthx 21. nocnenHHaT Binpoc hh Bp-bina kt>m
aHajiornaTa c Eojkhji no3HTHBeH H36op npn Monceii n HeraTHBeH roGop npn (JtapaoHa. Cimna KOHTpacT
BH5KnaMe npn (1) Hcaaic n HcMann b 8-9 ex; (2) .Hkob h HcaB b 10-12 ct. h (3) HaponnTe Ha H3pann n EnpM
b 13 cthx. CimaTa aHanorna ce npnnara n ki>m ci>BpeMeHHaTa Ha naBen CHTyaniia c BapBannxre n
HeBapBamnTe roneH. Eo5KHaT no3HTHBeH H36op Haivinpa CBoa Bi>pxoBeH H3pa3 b npnoGmaBaHeTO Ha
BapBannxre e3HHHHHH (ct. 24-29 n 30-33)!
9:22 „aKo" ToBa e nacTHHHO YCJIOBHO H3PEHEHHE OT ntPBH BHfl, Koero ce npneMa 3a nocTOBepHO ot
rjienHa TOHKa Ha aBTopa, MaKap na nnncBa rpaMaTHHecKHa 3aBi>pmeK. CTnxoBe 22-24 o6pa3yBaT enHO
ropenemie Ha rp-bUKH. Cthx 22 H3pa3aBa H3KynnTejiHna xapaierep Ha Bora. Bor e cnpaBennHB. Toii me
H3ncKa CMeTKa 3a nenaTa Ha xopaTa. Ot npyra CTpaHa, Toii e ci>mo n Bor Ha MnnocTTa. Bchhkh xopa
3acny5KaBaT cmi>pt (bjk. 1:18-3:21). CnpaBennHBOCxra He e 6nara bcct! Ho Eojkhht xapaKTep e npenii
bchhko xapaKTep Ha mhjioct, ne Ha itmb (bjk. BTop. 5:9-10; 7:9; Oc. 11:8-9). HeroBHHT H36op e HaconeH
ki>m H36aBjieHne (bjk. E3eic. 36:22-33). Toii e xbpnennB kt>m rpeniHOTO HOBenecTBO (bjk. E3eK. 18 rji.). Toii
H3noji3Ba flopn n 3jioto 3a CBOHTe H3KynnTejiHn HaMepemia (HanpnMep CaTaHa, (J)apaoHi>x
HaByxonoHoeop, Acnpna, Knp n nopn — b raaBa 11 - HeBapBannia H3panji!).
H
NASB „6n tciiKii totob jx& iipojnui Cboh thhb"
NKJV „ncKaiiKn jx& noKaace Cboh thhe"
NRSV „acejiaei"iKii jx& noKaace Cboh fhhb"
TEV „iiCKame jxa noicaace Cboh thhe"
JB „e totob jxa noKaace Cboh fhhb"
Bor npoaBaBa CBoa rHaB, 3a na pa3Kpne CBoaTa cnjia (bjk. ct. 22) n GorarcTBOTO Ha CBoaTa cnaBa (bjk.
ex 23). LJenra Ha Eo5KHHTe neiicTBHa e BHHarn H3KynnTejiHa (c H3KjnoHeHHe Ha Gehenna, KoeTO e
oci>mecTBaBaHeTO Ha OKOHHaTenHaTa H3onaniia Ha ynopnroTO HeBepne n rpax).
H „CbflOBe Ha thhb" C Te3n ayMH nponi>n5KaBa MeTacJiopaTa 3a rjinHaTa ot 20 n 21. ct. Te oneBHnHO ce
OTHacaT 3a HeBapBamnre xopa, kohto Bor H3noji3Ba 3a H3m>jiHeHHe Ha H3KynnTejiHHTe en HaMepeHna.
NASB, NKJV „npnroTBeHii"
NRSV „ca HanpaBeHii"
TEV „o6peHeHii"
NJB „npeflHa3HaHeHii"
ToBa e nEPOEKTHO CTPAftMEJIHO nPH^ACTHE. B apeBHHTe nannpyen Ta3n ayMa ce H3noji3Ba 3a Henjo,
KoeTO e npnroTBeHO aa nocpemHe OKOHnaTejiHaTa en ci>a6a. ByHTOBHOTO HeBepne me 6i>ne nocTHmaTO ot
onpenejieHna neH Ha nocjieacTBnaTa n cnpaBeAJiHBOCxra. Me5KayBpeMeHHO, Bor H36npa HeBapBamnTe 3a
166
H3m>jiHeHHe Ha HeroBnre no-mnpoKn, yHHBepcanHH H3KynHrejiHH HaMepeHHa.
M. P. Bhhcbht nnine: „He oGpenemi ot Bora Ha yHHino5KeHHe, a, no-CKopo KaTO npHjiaraTenHO,
eomoeu, y3pe.m 3a yminKMceHHe, t.k. npiPiacTHeTO onncBa HacToanjo cbCToamie, kocto e ocJiopMeHO ot no-
paHO, 6e3 ji,a AaBa HHKaKBa HH(J)opMannji 3a nponeca h HannHa Ha ocJtopMaHe" (M. R. Vincent, Word Studies,
TOM 2,CTp. 716).
H „yHiimoaceHiie" Bjk. Cnennajmo noHHTne ki>m 3:3.
9:23 „koiito Ton npeflBapirrejiHO e npiiroTBiui ja cjiaBa" C-binara HCTHHa e npe^CTaBeHa h b Phmji.
8:29-30 h Ecjiec. 1:4,11. Ta3H rnaBa e HaH-pa3BHTHH H3pa3 Ha Eo5khh cyBepeHHTeT b H3. He noAJie>KH Ha
HHKaKBO CBMHeHHe, He Bor ronajio Konrpojinpa TBopeHHeTO h H3KynneHHeTo! Ta3H BenHKa HCTHHa He
TpaGBa aa Gt^e pa3BOflHHBaHa huh roGaraaHa. ObineBpeMeHHO, He 6nBa aa ce 3a6paBa h (JiaKTbT, ne Bor e
H36pan 3aBeTa icaro cpeacTBO 3a B3anMOfleHCTBne c xopaTa, kohto ca ci>TBopeHH no HeroB o6pa3. BapHO e,
ne hhkoh ot 3aBeTHTe b CTapna 3aBeT, KaTO EHrne 9:8-17 h 15:12-21, ca 6e3ycjiOBHH h H3o6njo He 3aBHcaT
ot peaioiHaTa Ha xopaTa, ho npn Apyrn 3aBeTH HOBennauiT otkjihk e 3a/n>Ji>KHTejiHO ycnoBHe (T.e. Hoii,
MoiiceH, J\aBnp). Bor HMa nnaH 3a H3KynneHHeTO Ha CBoeTO TBopemie h hhkoh HOBeK He M05Ke #a noBjinae
Ha to3h nnaH. Bor e H36pan ^a no3BOJin Ha OT^ejimi xopa ^a ynacraaT b nnaHOBeTe My. Ta3H bt>3mo5khoct
(JiopMnpa GorocnoBCKOTO Hanpe5KeHne Memjiy Eojkhji cyBepeHHTeT (Phmji. 9 ra.) h HOBenncaTa CBoGo^Ha
BOJia (Phmji. 10 rji.).
He e pe^HO #a OT/iaBaMe npeAnoHnraHne Ha ejimi GnGjieiicKn aicneHT 3a CMeTKa Ha apyr. Hanpe5KeHHeTO
Meac/ry ^OKipHHHTe ce jx-bjima Ha (JtaKra, ne H3TO x iHaTa mhcbji npe^CTaBa HCTHHaTa b ^najieKTHHHH abohkh,
3apeAeHH c Hanpe5KeHHe. ,H,OKTpHHHTe BHHarn TpaGBa #a ce pa3rjie5iyiaT b taxhoto B3anMOAeHCTBne c Apyrn
AOKTpHHH. HcTimaTa e M03aiiKa ot hcthhh.
Bchhko TOBa e Tainia! naBeji He AOBesK/ia ao jiornnecKO saKjnonemie pa3Ci>5KAeHHJiTa ch othocho
HeBapBaniHTe, kohto ca npnroTBeHH (kcitctptizo) 3a riMB (ct. 22) h BapBamnre, npnroTBeHH (proetoimazo) 3a
cjiaBa (ct. 23). J\&jm Eojkhjit H36op e eAHHCTBemuiT (JiaKTop hjih Eojkhjit H36op ce ocHOBaBa Ha mhjioct,
KoaTO e npeAJi05KeHa Ha bchhkh xopa, ho kohto hhkoh pemaBaT ^a otxbi>pjdit? Hrpae jih noBenecTBOTO
HaKaKBa pojm bi>b (JiopMHpaHeTO Ha co6ctb6hoto ch GbAeine (bhc. 9:30-10:21)? H ot js&qtq CTpaHH Ha cnopa
e HMajio KpaHHOCTH (ABiycTHH cpenry nejiarnii). Cnope/i MeH 3aBeTHaTa KOHnennna oGe/nnwBa h jjpere,
KaTO nocTaBa y^apemieTO Bi>pxy Bora. HoBenecTBOTO M05Ke e/piHCTBeHO ^a OTKjiHKBa Ha HHnnnaTHBHTe Ha
Bora (HanpnMep HoaH 6:44,65), kohto no xapaKrep He e Hjncoe KanpH3HO 6o5KecTBO, a e mhjiocthb Bor. Ton
npe^Jiara CBoaTa mhjioct Ha bchhkh 5khbh xopa, 3ainoTO ca ci>3AaAeHH no HeroB o6pa3 (bjk. EHrne 1:26,27).
Bee onje He Mora ^a ce npHMnpa c to3h KOHTeKCT Ton e BnenaTjiaBain, ho HHKaK npeKajieHO nepHoGaji.
OoKycbT e Bi>pxy HeBepneTO Ha Kweirre, KoeTO AOBe5K^a ao npuodiuaecmemo Ha esHHHHnnre (raaBa 11)! Ho
TOBa He e eAHHCTBemuiT tckct, roBopein 3a xapaKTepa Ha Bora!
H „cjiaBa" Bjk. 6ejie5KKaTa ki>m 3:23.
9:24 To3h cthx noKa3Ba, ne o6eKTi>T Ha Eo5KneTO oGeinamie oGxBanja He caMO HacjieflHHniTTe Ha H3panji.
Bor e noica3aji mhjioct Ha noBeKa bi>3 ocHOBa Ha Cboji H36op. OGeinaHneTO ot EHrae 3:15 Ba5KH 3a najiOTO
noBenecTBO (BCbinHOCT, lo^eHTe ce noaBaBaT e^Ba cjie/i BnTne 12 ra.). nprooBaBaHeTO Ha ABpaaM ci>ino e
CBi>p3aHO c najiOTO noBenecTBO, BnTne 12:3. nproBamieTO Ha H3panji KaTO napcTBO ot CBeineHHnn ci>ino ce
OTHaca ki>m nejiHH noBenncn po/i (bjk. H3xoa 19:5-6)! ToBa e Eo5KHHTa Tama, kohto e Gnjia CKpnra, ho cera
e H3aBeHaB m>jiHOTa (bjk. Ecjiec. 2:11-3:13; Taji. 3:28; Koji. 3:11).
naBjiOBOTO TBip/ieHHe ot cthx 24 e HjnocTpnpaHO npe3 nope^Hna ot nnTaTH ot C3 b CTnxoBe 25-29.
1. cthx 25, Ochh 2:23
2. cthx 26, Ochh 1:10b
3. cthx 27, Hcaa 10:22 h/hjih Ocna 1:10a
4. cthx 28, Hcaa 10:23
5. cthx 29, Hcaa 1:9
9:25-26 naca5Ka e B3eT ot Ochh 2:23 n 1:10 ot LXX (c hhkoh H3MeHeHHJi), Kara b opnrHHajia CTaBa Binpoc
3a Aecerre ceBepHH njieMeHa, a naBeji ro npnjiara ki>m e3HHHHiiHTe. ToBa e mhoto xapaKTepHO 3a Haninia,
no kohto aBTopHTe Ha Hobhh 3aBeT H3noji3BaT TeKCTa Ha CTapna 3aBeT Te pa3rjie5iyiaT ntpicBaTa Karo
H3ni>jiHeHHe Ha oGenjaHHaTa, jiamsmi Ha H3paHji (bjk. II Kop. 6:16; Tht 2:14; I neTtp 2:5-9). B to3h cjiynaii
naca5Ki>T ot Ocna roBopn 3a HeBepHHa H3panji. Ako Bor e Mon>ji ^a Bi>3CTaHOBH noKjiaiMinHTe ce Ha h^ojih
167
AeceT ceBepHH ruieMeHa, to 3a IlaBen TOBa e 6hjio AOKa3aTejiCTBO 3a moGoBTa n npocTHTenHOCTra Ha Bora,
KOHTO HHKOH fl,eH majl Ra IipHBJieHe AOpH H nOKJiaHHIIIHTe Ce Ha H^OJIH e3HHHHL(H.
HHTAT OT EBJILAPCKHJI IimBOR BEPEH— 9:27-29
■^' A Hcaa BHKa 3a H3panji: „Ako H^ae 6poaT Ha ropaHjiTamrre icaro mopckh nacbK, caMO ocTarbK ot
Tax me ce cnacn; ^° 3amoTO IbcnoA me H3m>jTHH Ha 3eMaTa Ka3aHOTO (no npaB/ia) ot Hero, icaro ro
H3Bi>pinH h 3aBT>piiiH 6i>p30." " H KaKTO Hcaa e Ka3an no-npemi: „Ako IbcnoA Ha BoinrcTBaTa He hh Genie
ocTaBHji noTOMCTBO, KaTO Coaom GnxMe CTaHann h Ha ToMopa 6nxMe ce onpHjinHnnn."
HHTAT OT AHDIHHCKHfl IIPEBOfl NASB — 9:27-29
^Isaiah cries out concerning Israel, „Though the number of the sons of Israel be like the sand of
the sea, it is the remnant that will be saved; 28f or ^e Lord will execute His word on the earth,
thoroughly and quickly." 29\nd just as Isaiah foretold, „Unless the Lord of Sabaoth had left to us a
p osterity, We would have become like Sodom, and would have resemble d Gomorrah."
9:27
NASB, NKJV, NRSV, NJB „MaKap"
TEV „aopn aKo"
TOBa e YCJIOBHO H3PEqEHHE OT TPETH BVLR (ean nmoc nOflHHHHTEJIHO HAKJIOHEHHE), KOeTO onHCBa
BT>3M05KHO ACHCTBHe.
9:27-28 ToBa e CBoGoaeH nnraT ot Hcaa 10:22-23 ot LXX. B Textus Receptus e ao6aBeHa saicjnoHHTejiHa
(J)pa3a ot Hcaa 10:23, ci>mo ot CemyarHHra. Ta oGane nnncBa b apeBmrre rpmicH MaHycKpnnra p4° 5 ^ A,
h B, KoeTO noKa3Ba, ne <J)pa3aTa e no-io>CHa aoGaBKa Ha npenncBannTe. UBS^ oneHa ronycKaHeTO Ha Ta3H
(J)pa3a KaTO „CHrypHo".
H „KATO MOPCKIM IMCtK" ToBa e nacT ot MeTaiJiopHHHHa e3HK, onncBam MHoroGponmiTe pe3yjiTaTH ot
Bo5KneTO oGemaHHe, jiajieiio Ha ABpaaM (bjk. Bht.15:5; 22:17; 26:4).
h „OCTATT>KT>T, KOHTO IHE Bt^E cnACEH" npoponnTe b Oapna 3aBeT necTO H3non3BaT H3pa3a
„0CTaTT>K", 3a pa onnmaT OHe3n H3panjiTaHH, kohto ca OTBe/ieHH b nneH, ho me Gt^aT BipHara ot Bora b
oGemaHaTa 3eMa. LlaBeji H3noji3Ba H3pa3a bt>b Bpi>3Ka c KyienTe, hhhto OTHOineHna c Bora ce
xapaKTepH3HpaT c Bapa h/hjih kohto ca nynn eBaHrenneTO h ca OTKunKHajin Ha Xpncroc c Bapa.
fl,opn h b paMKHTe Ha 3aBeTHHa H3panji ce e HaGmoaaBajio /jyxoBHO pa3aejieHne - caMO nacT ot
H3paHjiTaHHTe ca 6hjih b npaBHjiHH OTHOineHna c Bora. H36npaHeTO Ha H3paHji Karo nano He e OTMeHano
HeoGxoAHMOCTTa ot jiHHHa Bapa (bjk. Hcaa 1:16-20).
LlaBeji H3non3Ba CTapo3aBeTHaTa (J)pa3a, KoaTO n-bpBOHanajiHO e onncBana KyiencKHTe njieHHnnn, caMO
MajiKa nacT ot kohto ca ce BT>pHajin b LlajiecTHHa, KoraTO roBopn 3a OHe3H, kohto ca nyjin eBaHrenneTO, ho
caMO ManKa nacT ot kohto ca noBapBajin h npnejin XpncTOC. CaMO Majn>K nponeHT ot bchhkh cnyniaTenn
npe3 ni>pBH BeK (KweH h e3HHHHnH) ca OTKjiHKHajiH Ha eBaHrencKOTO nocnaHHe. LlaBeji Hapnna Te3n xopa
..ocTarbK".
|CnEUHAJlHO noHflTHE: OCTATBKBT - TPH 3HAHEHHa
TeMaTa Ha CTaposaBeraaTa KOHnennna 3a „BepHHa ocTarbK" necTO ce noBTapa npn npoponirre
(npeAHMHO npoponnTe ot ocmh BeK h EpeMHa). ToBa noHaTHe HMa Tpn 3HaHeHna:
1. OHe3H, kohto ca onenejin no BpeMe Ha nueHa (HanpnMep Hcaa 10:20-23; 17:4-6; 37:31-32;
EpeM. 42:15,19; 44:12,14,28; Amoc 1:8)
2. OHe3n, kohto ca ocTaHann BepHH Ha YHWH (HanpnMep Hcaa 4:1-5; 11:11,16; 28:5; Honn
2:32; Amoc 5:14-15; Mnxen 2:12-13; 4:6-7; 5:7-9; 7:18-20)
3. OHe3n, kohto me 6i>AaT BiuiiOHeHH b ecxaTOJinrnnecKOTO oGHOBjieHne n BT>3CTaHOBaBaHe
(Hanp. Amoc 9:11-15)
B T03H KOHTeKCT Bor H36npa caMO HaKon (BepHHTe n peBHOCTHHTe) ot ocTarbKa (npe5KHBenHTe
nneHa), kohto ^a ce 3aBi>pHaT y ^OMa. KaKTO Bene Bn^axMe no-paHO b Ta3n rnaBa, TyK ce noBTapaT
168
hhkoh TeMH ot MHHanoTO Ha H3paHji (ex 6). Bor HaManaBa GpoincaTa, 3a #a CTaHe no-oneBH/iHa
HeroBaTa cnna, npoMHCBJi h rpicKa (HanpHMep npn re/ieoH b Ct>a- 6-7 rn.).
9:29 ToBa e inrraT ot LXX ot Hcaa 1:9, Kb/ieTO ce 0CT>5K/ia rpextT Ha H3panji.
H „rocno^, HA Cabaot" ToBa e e^HO ot HMeHaTa Ha YHWH b C3, oGhkhobcho npeBe^aHO KaTO .XocnoA
Ha BoiiHCTBaTa" (bjk. .Hkob 5:4). B 3aBHCHMOCT ot KOHTeKCTa, M05Ke pa CTaBa Binpoc 3a Bora KaTO bohh -
..BoeHanajiHHK Ha rocnoAHaTa BoiiCKa" (bjk. He. HaB. 5:13-15) hjih KaTO ynpaBHTen - o6hkhob6ho noA
BjinaHHe Ha BaBHjioHCKH nojiHTeHCTHHHH KOHuenHHH - .XocnoA Ha HeGecHHTe Tena". 3Be3AHTe ca
TBopeHHa, a He 6o5KecTBa; Te He KompojiHpaT h He BimaaT Ha cbGnraaTa (bjk. Emue 1:16; lie. 8:3; 147:4;
Hcaa 40:26).
3
NASB „aKO... He Seine hh ocTaBiui noTOMCTBo"
NKJV „aKO... He Seine hh ocTaBiui noKOJiemie"
NRSV „He Seine hh ocTaBiui OHejiejin"
TEV „He Seine hh ocTaBiui i in kaM.i i HacnenHiiHii"
NJB „He Seine hh ocTaBiui ManHima OHejiejin"
B eBpeiiCKHa TeKCT Ha Hcaa 1:9 OTKpHBaMe ..ocTarbic", ho b CemyarHHTa e npeBe/ieHO KaTO
,,ceMe/noKOJieHHe" (NKJV). Bojkhht ct>a Ha H3paHji BHHara e 3ana3Ban (1) BapBamna ocTaTbK h (2) po^a Ha
Mecna. Bor e noma/iaBaji ManuHHara, 3a #a AOCTHrae MH03HHa.
H „CoflOM... Toiviop" Cthx 28 e CBi>p3aH c Eojkhh ct>a- TyK cneHHajmo ca cnoMeHara ABa e3HHecKH rpa/ia,
pa3pyineHH ot Bora b EHrae 19:24-26, hhhto HMeHa no-KbCHO ce npeBpimaT b chmboji Ha Eo5KHeTO
oci»>KAeHHe (b>k. Brop. 29:34; Hcaa 13:19; EpeM. 20:16; 49:18; 50:40; Amoc 4:11).
HHTAT OT BtJirAPCKHfl IIPEBOfl B£P£H — 9:30-33
30 KaKBO pa Ka5KeM ToraBa? ToBa, ne HapoflH, kohto He Ttpcexa npaB/ia, nojiynnxa npaB/ia, h to npaB/ia,
KoaTO e npe3 Bapa; ^^ a H3panji, kohto Ttpceine 3aKOHa Ha npaBAara, He crama ao 3aKOHa. ^2 3amo?
3amoTO He ro Ttpcnxa npe3 Bapa, a HaKaK ch npe3 ^ejia. Te ce cm>Haxa b Kaivn>Ka 3a npem>BaHe, -" KaKTO e
nncaHo: „Eto, nonaraM b Choh xawbK Ha npem>BaHe h KaHapa Ha ci>6jia3'bH; h kohto BapBa b Hero, HaMa ^a
ce nocpaMH."
HHTAT OT AHTJIHHCKHfl IIPEBOfl NASB — 9:30-33
^^What shall we say then? That Gentiles, who did not pursue righteousness, attained
righteousness, even the righteousness which is by faith; 31 but Israel, pursuing a law of righteousness,
did not arrive at that law. ^^Why? Because they did not pursue it by faith, but as though it were by
works. They stumbled over the stumbling stone, ^^just as it is written, „Behold, I lay in Zion a stone of
stumbling and a rock of offense, And he who believes in Him will not be disappointed."
9:30-31 ToBa e H3HeHaABamoTO saKjnoHeinie Ha TeiviaTa 3a Bo5KHa H36op h HaMepemie. CraxoBe 30-33 ca
o6o6meHHe Ha rnaBa 9 h B-bBeaeHHe kt>m rnaBa 10. BapBanjHTe e3iPiHHHH nojiynaBaT npaBeAHOCT ot Bora,
3a pa3Jiffica ot MH03HHa lo/jen!
Bor B3aHMOAeHCTBa c najioTO HOBenecTBO b paMiarre Ha 3aBeTa. Bor BHHara noeMa HHHHHaTHBaTa h
nocTaBa ycnoBHaTa. OT^enHHTe xopa TpaGBa #a OTKjiHKHaT c noKaamie h Bapa, noKopcTBO h nocToaHCTBO.
KaK ce cnacaBaT xopara - (1) npe3 Bo5KHa cyBepemrreT, (2) npe3 Eo5KHaTa mhjioct, npneTa c Bapa b
3aBi>pineHOTO acjio Ha Mecna hjih (3) npe3 CBoaTa jiHHHa Bapa? J\&\
Othocho „Ti>pcexa" bjk. 6ene5KKaTa ki>m 14: 19.
h „IIpaBeflH0CT" B>k. CnEL[HAJiHO noHiiTHE ki.m 1:17.
9:32 „npe3 aejia" Textus Receptus Ao6aBa „no 3aKOHa". ToBa e no-Ki>CHa aoGaBKa Ha npenncBaHHTe. naBen
necTO e H3noji3Baji (J)pa3aTa „Aejia no/oT/Ha 3aKOHa" (bjk. 3:20,28; ran. 2:16; 3:2,5,10). B cbmoio BpeMe,
169
ApeBHHTe MaHycKpnnTH P^o, x*, A, B, F, h G nponycicaT „3aK0Ha" b to3h cthx. UBS^ oueHa no-KpaTKHa
BapnaHT Ha TeiccTa KaTO „B" (noHTH cnrypeH).
Kjhoh-bt kbm npaBeAHOcrra ot Bora He ca HOBeniKHTe 3acnyrH, a Eo5khht xapaKTep h ^apiT, kohto e
npe3 XpncTOC. IIpaBeAHOCTTa e HeaocTioKHMa iien 3a rpeniHOTO HOBenecTBO, ho Bor a npe/ijiara icaro
6e3nnaTeH #ap npe3 Bapa b XpncTOC (bjk. 3:21-31). Ot ^pyra cTpaHa - aapi>T TpaGBa aa Gt^e npneT (b>k. ct.
33; HoaH 1:12; 3:16; Phmji. 4:1 h cji., 10:9-13; Eijiec. 2:8-9). ToBa e HCTHHaTa, KoaTO nponycKaT HCKpeHHre,
Ha6o5KHH h MopanHH KweH (h bchhkh nerajiHCTH) !
J],5KopA>K Jlaa cnpaBeAJiHBO OT6ejia3Ba:
..IlaBjiOBOTO ynemie 3a 3aKOHa necTO e pa3rjie5iyiaHO ot HCTopirqecKaTa nepcneKTHBa hjih Ha
caMHa IlaBeji KaTO 6hbih KweHCKH paBHH, hjih Ha THnHHHHa, 5KHBeem noA 3aKOHa KweH ot m>pBH
BeK. Bcbihhoct IlaBjiOBaTa mhcbji He 6h ipaGBajio ^a ce Bi>3npHeMa hhto KaTO npe/iCTaBaHe Ha
coGcTBeHaTa My /ryxoBHa aBToGnorpacJiHa, hhto KaTO onHcamie Ha jierajiHCTHHHOTO (JtapHceiiCTBO
ot m>pBH BeK, a KaTO Gotocjiobcko npeocMHCJiaHe ot MHCJiHreji-xpHCTHaHHH Ha ABaTa m>Ta ki>m
npaBeAHOCTTa - 3aKOHonocjiyiiiaHHeTO h Bapara" (George Eldon Ladd, A Theology of the New
Testament, p. 495).
9:33 To3h TeiccT e B3eT ot Hcaa 28: 16 b cbHeTamie c 8: 14.
,,Eto, nonaraM b Choh KaMiK" 28:16a
,,Ha npem>BaHe h KaHapa Ha cb6jia3i>H" 8: 14b
,,h kohto BapBa b Hero, HaMa #a ce nocpaMH" 28: 16b
OGeAHHaBaHKH Te3H CTHxoBe no TaKbB HanHH, KoeTO e THnnneH 3a paBHHHTe noAxoA, IlaBeji npoMeHa
3HaHeHHeTO Ha Hcaa 28:16 ot nojKWHrejiHO ki>m OTpHuarejiHO. Toft H3noji3Ba TeKCTa Ha C3 cnopeA CBonre
coGcTBeHH uejiH. IlaBeji ro npaBH, KaTo:
1. H36npa koh npeBOfl aa H3noji3Ba (LXX, MT, hjih co6ctb6h)
2. npoMeHa oGeKnrre, ki>m kohto npenpama TeKCTa (ot „H3rHaHHHH" ki>m „e3HHHHirii")
3. cbneTaBa pa3JiHHHH TeKCTOBe
4. npoMeHH HMeHa h MecTOHMeHHa, kohto onncBaT YHWH, Taica ne ^a ce oraacaT ki>m Hcyc
H „kohto BH])Ba b Hero, HHMa jx& Stfle noflBeaeH" HHTai-bT e ot Hcaa 28:16b. TeKcrbT ce noaBaBa h b
Phmji. 10:11 h e cxo/ieH c Hohji 2:32, HHTHpaH b Phmji. 10:13. KjiKWbT ki>m cnaceHHeTO e e/rHOBpeMeHHO b
(1) npaKOTO AomjiHeHHe (Kpaifr>rbjiHHa KaMi>K) h b (2) HH/rHBH/ryajmara peaKHHa Ha BceKH hobck (Bapa b
Hero). B>k. CnELpAJIHO nOHilTHE: BflPA ki.m 4:5.
h „KAMTjK" n-bpBOHaHajiHO TOBa 6hjio HMe, H3noji3BaHO 3a Bora (bjk. lie. 18:1-2,31,46; BTop. 32:18; I Hape
2:2; Etc. 28:1; 31:3; 42:9; 71:3; 78:35), ho nocTenemio ce npeBp-bma b onncaHHe Ha Mecna (bjk. Emue
49:24; lie. 118:22; Hcaa 8:14; 28:16; J\an. 2:34-35, 44-45; MaTeii 21:42-44). Mecna - ocHOBHHaT CTO>Kep
Ha Bo5KHeTO 3aBeTHO oGemaHHe, ne e 6hji pa36paH ot Kweirre h Te ro otxbi>pjihjih (bjk. I Kop. 1:23).
tO/ieHTe cxBamaT HenpaBHjiHO He caMO npe/masHaHeHHeTO Ha Mecna, ho h Han-ejieMeHTapHHTe
H3HCKBaHHa Ha Bo5KHa 3aBeT XpncTOC ce npeBpi>ma b cni>HKa 3a Kweirre (bjk. Hcaa 8:14; JlyKa 2:34), ho 3a
BapBannrre - KaKTO lo^eH, Taica h e3HHHHHH, Toft CTaBa 3/rpaBa KaMeHHa ocHOBa (bjk. Hcaa 28:16; I nerbp
2:6-10).
| CnEijiiAHHO noromiE: KPAHI»ri»JIHHflT KAMI»K
ynoTpeSii b C3
A. KoHHeniniaTa 3a KaMiKa KaTO 3/rpaB, TpaeH MaTepnaji, no/rxoAam 3a nojiaraHe Ha ochobh e
H3noji3BaHa 3a onncBaHe Ha KaHecTBara Ha YHWH (bjk. nc. 18:1).
B. Ot no-ropHaTa ynoTpeGa ce pa3BHBa h MecnaHCKOTO 3HaHeHHe (bjk. Bhthc 49:24; nc.
118:22; Hcaa 28:16).
C. H/rBa MOMeHT, KoraTO KaMi>Ki>T 3anoHBa ^a irpeACTaBa Cbjia Ha YHWH, oci>mecTBeH npe3
Mecna (b>k. Hcaa 8:14; flaH. 2:34-35,44-45).
D. Ot Ta3n ynoTpeGa ce pa3BHBaT h CTpoHTejiHH MeTacJiopn.
1 . KaMi>K 3a ocHOBa, mpBHaT, kohto ce 3aKpena 3ApaBO h 3a/iaBa i>rjiHTe 3a uejiiia ocTaHaji
CTpoe5K, HapeneH „KpaHi>rbjieH KaMi>K"
2. 6h Morao aa CTaBa Binpoc h 3a nocjieAHHa nocTaBeH KaMi>K, kohto craoGaBa CTeHHTe b
170
e^HO (b5k. 3ax. 4:7; Eijiec. 2:20,21), HapeneH „rnaBa Ha i>n>jia" ot eBpeiicKOTO rush (r.e.
rjiaBa)
3. 6h Morno Aa ce oraaca h 3a „kjiiohobhji KaMiK", kohto ce e nocTaBaji b neirrbpa Ha
BxoAHaTa apKa h e Hoceji Te5KecTxa Ha najiaTa CTeHa.
II. YnoTpeSii b H3
A. Hcyc HHTHpa lie. 118 hhkohko hbth bi>b Bpi>3Ka ci>c caMHa Ce6e ch (bjk. MaTeii 21:41-46;
MapK 12:10-11; JIy K a 20: 17)
B. IlaBeji H3non3Ba lie. 118 bt>b Bpi>3Ka c OTXBi>pjiaHeTO Ha HeBepmia, 6yHTOBeH H3paiui ot
YHWH (btk. Phmji. 9:33)
C. IlaBeji H3noji3Ba H/ieaTa 3a „rnaBaTa Ha trbjia" b Ecjiec. 2:20-22, roBopeiiKH 3a XpncTOC
D. Ilerbp npnuara Ta3H H^ea ki>m Hcyc b I IleTbp 2:1-10. Hcyc e Kpairbrbjimia KaivrbK, a
BapBannxre ca ocTaHanHTe 5khbh KaMi>HH (xe. BapBaiuiTre KaTO xpaMOBe, bjk. I Kop. 6: 19),
kohto ce Cbrpa5K/iaT Bipxy Hero (Hcyc hobh3t xpaM, B5K. MapK 14:58; MaTeii 12:6; HoaH
2:19-20). KoraTO OTXBi>pjiaT Hcyc Kara Meciia, KweHTe OTpinaT caMaTa ocHOBa 3a TaxHaTa
Ha^e^a.
III. EorOCJIOBCKII TBtpfleHIIH
A. YHWH no3BOJiHji Ha J\amiji, h Cojiomoh ji?l nocipoaT xpaM, KaTO rn npeAynpe/nui, ne aKO
cna3BaT 3aBeTa, Toii me e c Tax h me rn GjiarocjiaBa, ho aKO He ro cna3Bax xpaivrbT me Gt^e cpHHaT
(b>k. IHape 9:1-9)!
B. K)AeiicKHTe paBHHH ce cbcpeAOTonaBajiH Bipxy <jiopMajiH3Ma h pHTyanHTe, ho
npeHeGperBajiH jiHHHHa acneKT Ha BapaTa (TOBa He e aGconiOTHO TBip/ieHHe - HMajio e h mhoto
6orojiK>6HBH paBHHH). Bor 5Kenae #a HMa e5KeAHeBHO h jihhho B3aHMOOTHOineHHe c Te3H, kohto Toii
e CT>3Aan no cboh o6pa3 (bjk. EHrae 1:26-27). JIyKa 20:17-18 ci>AT>p>Ka CTpanmn jxymn Ha
OCbSK^eHHe.
C. Hcyc e H3noji3Baji KOHnennHaTa 3a xpaivia, roBopeiiKH 3a Co6ctb6hoto ch MaTepnajiHO Tano.
TaKa ce Aopa3BHBa H/ieaTa 3a jiHHHaTa Bapa b Hcyc Rare Mecna, KaTO kjiioh kt>m OTHOineHHaTa c
YHWH.
D. npeAHa3HaHeHHeTO Ha cnaceHneTO e ^a Bi>3CTaHOBH Eo5KHa o6pa3 b HOBeniKHTe CBinecTBa, 3a
Aa 6i>Ae othobo bt>3mo5kho oGmeHHeTO c Bora. LJejira Ha xpncTHaHCTBOTO e ynoAoGaBaHero c
XpncToc b to3h 5KHBOT Ot BapBannxre ce OHaKBa Aa CTaHaT 5khbh Kaivn>HH, cbrpa/ieHH Bipxy
Xphctoc h oiJiopMeHH cnopea HeroBHa xapaKTep (HOBHa xpaM).
E. Hcyc e KpairbrbjimiaT KaMiK Ha HaniaTa Bapa h rnaBaTa Ha trbjia (xe. Toii e an<J)a h OMera). B
CbinoTO BpeMe Toii e h KaMiK Ha npeni>BaHe h KaHapa Ha ci>6jia3i>H. nponycHeM jih Hero,
nponycKaMe bchhko. HaMa cpe/nio nojKraceHHe!
BinPOCH 3A OBCtaCflAHE
To3h KOMenrap e caMO p'skobojctbo 3a H3yHaBaHe. ToBa 03HaHaBa, ne Bne caMH HOCHTe OTroBopHOCT 3a
HanHHa, no kohto TbjiKyBaTe EnGjinaTa. BceKH ot Hac TpaGBa #a xoah b CBexiHHaTa, KoaTO My e nanQYia.
npnopHTeT npn HHTepnpeTaiiHaTa CTe caMnaT Bne, BaniaTa EnGjina h CBeraaT JJyx. He 6iraa aa
npexBipjiaTe Ta3H OTroBopHOCT Ha kohto h %a e KOMeHTaTop.
HacToainirre Binpocn 3a o6ci>5KnaHe nejiaT %a bh noAnoMoraaT ^a oGMHCJiHTe ocHOBHHTe TeMH b to3h
pa3Aen Ha nocjiamieTO. Hejrra hm e aa npe/noBHKaT mhcjih, a He aa aaaaT KpaiiHH OTroBopn.
1. KaK e CBi>p3aHa 9 rnaBa (3a npeaonpeflejieHHeTo) c 10 raaBa (3a HOBenncaTa CBoGo/ma Bona)?
2. Koa e ocHOBHaTa TeMa Ha 9 : 1 -29?
3. HapyniHji jih e Eor oGemamiaTa, aa/jemi Ha H3paHji?
4. H36poiiTe npHBHjierHHTe, npeAOCTaBemi Ha ropaHjieBHa HapoA (9:4-5).
5. £I,ajTH bchhkh lo^eH ca 6hjih b npaBHjiHH OTHOineHna c Bora? OGocHOBeTe OTroBopa ch (9:6).
6. Hoch jih HOBeK MopajiHa OTroBopHOCT, cjieA KaTO e npHHy/ieH %a H3ni>jiHaBa Eo5KHaTa BOJia?
7. KaK „MHjiocxra" H3HipaBa KjiiOHOBa pojia b npeAonpe/iejieHHeTO (bjk. 15, 16, 18, 23; 11:30-32)?
171
Phmjihhh 10 rjiaea
PA3flEJIEHHfl nO AE3AHH B CBBPEMEHHHTE IIPEBOflH
UBS 4
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
JB
Jfepanji
h EBaHrejineTO
JfepaHJi ce Hyac/jae
ot EBaHrejineTO
HcTHHCKa
npaBe^HOCT
nocpe^cTBOM Bapa
Jfepann
h eBaHrejineTO
H3paHJi He BH)Kfla,
ne Bor e cbst
9:30-10:4
9:30-10:4
9:30-10:4
10:1-13
10:1-4
CnaceHHe 3a bchhkh
CnaceHiieTO e
3a BCHHKH
10:5-13
10:5-13
10:5-13
10:5-13
Jfepaiui OTXBtpjia
eBaHrenneTO
Jfepann e OTroBopeH
3a npoBanirre ch
CBH/jeTejICTBOTO
Ha MoiiceH
10:14-21
10:14-21
10:14-17
10:14-17
10:14-17
10:18-21
10:18-21
10:18-21
IIPOHHT HA TPETH HHKBJI (b»c. CTp. ix)
nPOCJIE/JJIBAHE HA ABTOPCKOTO HAMEPEHHE HA HHBO AE3AHH
To3h KOMeHTap e caMO p'skobojctbo 3a H3yHaBaHe. ToBa 03HaHaBa, ne Bne caMH HOCHTe OTroBopHOCT 3a
HanHHa, no kohto TbjiKyBaTe BnGjiiuiTa. BceKH ot Hac Tpa6Ba ^a xo/ni b CBeTjiHHaTa, kosto My e jiajieiia.
IIpHopHTeT npn HHrepnpeTanHHTa CTe caMHHT Bne, BaniaTa EhGjihh h Cb6thht JJyx. He 6iraa #a
npexBipjiaTe Ta3H OTroBopHOCT Ha kohto h %a e KOMeHTarop.
IIpoHeTeTe rnaBaTa Ha emm rt>x. OnpeaejieTe TeMHTe. CinocTaBeTe BanieTO TeMaraHHO pa3AeneHHe c
neTTe ci>BpeMeHHH npeBoaa no-rope. Pa3AejDmeTO Ha a63anH He e B^txHOBeHO ot Bora, ho e kjqohobo 3a
npocjieASBaHeTO Ha aBTopcKOTO HaMepemie. A HMeHHO TOBa e b cbpneBHHara Ha HHrepnpeTHpaHeTO. BceKH
a63au Hiia ejiHa e/nrHCTBeHa TeMa.
1 . IltpBH a63au
2. Btoph a63au
3. TpeTHa63au
4. H T.H.
HAEJIIOflEHHfl BEPXy KOHTEKCTA
A. DiaBa 10 ce (jiOKycnpa Bipxy Bi>3M05KHOCTHTe, croaiHH npeA H3paHji ^a OTKjiHKHaT Ha
BejiHKOAyniHOTO npeAJi05KeHHe 3a cnacemie ot CTpaHa Ha YHWH. DiaBa 9 pa3rjie5iyia KaK Bor e
H36paji Kweirre c neii roGnpaHeTO Ha nejiHH cbjit, ho lO^eHTe ca OTica3ajiH ^a npneiviaT HeroBHH
H36op (T.e. 3aBeTHO nOKOpCTBO).
B. IlaBeji H3non3Ba CTapna 3aBeT, 3a aa oGocHOBe GjiaroBecTHem ToBa e xapaKTepHO h 3a
anocTOJiCKHTe nponoBe/ni b JXexmw, H3BecTHH KaTO kerygma (T.e. npozjiacenomo). Bjk.
CnEipAJIHOnOHflTHE: KERYGMA kim 1:2.
172
C. LJeHTpanHHTe hcthhh Ha 9:30-10:4 ca:
1 . E3HHHHL(HTe nojiynaBaT Eo5KHaTa npaBeAHOCT npe3 Bapa b XpncTa
2. K)m2wre ca jinineHH ot Eo5KHaTa npaBe/rHOCT, nopa/pi jiHncara Ha Bapa b XpncTa
3. 3aKom>T He M05Ke aa aapn c npaBe/rHOCT. Ta e flap ot Bora npe3 Bapa b Xphctoc h He M05Ke aa
6i>Ae 3acny5KeHa npe3 HOBeniKH ycHjina (bjk. 3:21-3 1)
D. Bruce Corley h Curtis Vaughan b A Study Guide Commentary, Romans, H3flaaeH t Zondervan, CTp.
115-116, npeAJiaraT y/joGeH crracbK c rpexoBeTe Ha KyieHre
1. penHrH03Ha ropAOCT, 10:2a
2. /ryxoBHa cnenoTa, 10:2b, 3a
3. ceGenpaBeflHOCT, 10:3b
4. HeoTCTi>rr4HBa ynopHTOCT, 10:4a
BrcKTe h saicjiioHHTejiHHTe hm 6ene5KKH b Kpaa Ha 9 rjiaBa, „H36HpaHeTO ce ocbmecTBaBa b
nponoBa/TBaHeTO Ha KpiCTa (bjk. I Con. 1:4-10), KoeTO oGacHaBa, KaK e bt>3mo5kho KjiacHHecKHaT
TeKCT, 3aniHTaBani 6o5KecTBeHHa cyBepemrreT (9:6-29) ^a Gt^e HenocpencTBeHO cjie/rBaH ot Haii-
BejiHKHa MHCHOJiorHneH TeKCT Ha IlaBeji (10:1-21). Haii-BHCOKHTe npaBOMonina 3a rrponoBa/rBaHe
Ha eBaHrenneTO nporoTHHaT ot (Jmiera, ne b to3h nponec Bor H3m>jmaBa CBoeTO HaMepemie 3a
H36op B XpHCTOC" (CTp. 114).
H3CJIEflBAHE HA flYMH H OPA3H
HHTAT OT EBJITAPCKHJI IIPEBOfl B£P£W — 10:1-4
1 BpaTa, MoeTO cbp^eHHO jKejiamie h MonGaTa mh kt>m Bora 3a H3paHji e Te ^a Gt/iaT cnaceHH. ^
3anjOTO CBH^eTencTBaM 3a Tax, ne Te HMaT peBHOCT 3a Bora, caMO ne He e cnopeA no3HaBaHeTO. 3 IIoHe5Ke,
KaTO He no3HaBaxa Eo5KHaTa npaB/ia h KaTO ncicaxa #a ycTaHOBaT CBoaTa coGcTBeHa, He ce noKopnxa Ha
Bo5KHaTa npaB/ia. "* 3am,OTO Xphctoc e KpaaT Ha 3aicoHa 3a rrpaB/ia Ha BceKH, kohto BapBa.
HHTAT OT AHDIHHCKHfl IIPEBOfl NASB — 10:1-4
iBrethren, my heart's desire and my prayer to God for them is for their salvation. ^For I testify
about them that they have a zeal for God, but not in accordance with knowledge. ^For not knowing
about God's righteousness and seeking to establish their own, they did not subject themselves to the
righteousness of God. ^For Ch rist is the end of the law for righteousness to everyone who believes.
10:1 „BpaTH" IlaBeji necTO H3non3Ba TOBa oGpiiuemie 3a Bi>Be5KziaHe Ha HOBa Teivia (bjk. 1 : 13; 7: 1,4; 8: 12).
H „acejiaHiieTO Ha ctpueTO mh h MOJiiiTBaTa mh kbm Bora 3a thx e 3a muxnomo cnacemie" IlaBeji
BapBa, ne lO^eHTe 6nxa MorjiH #a ce cnacaT, h ne MOJiHTBaTa My 3a Tax HMa 3HaHemie. ToBa e H3HeHaABam
KOHTpanyHKT Ha npeflonpeflejieHHeTo! B>k. CnEU,HAJIHO noiWTHE: 3ACTBIIHHHECKA MOJIHTBA
kt>m 9:3.
B rp-biiKHTe MaHycKpnnTH cbiuecTByBaT BapnaHTH etc „3a Tax". Textus Receptus ra 3aMecTBa etc „3a
H3paHji". CBH^eTejiCTBOTO Ha MaHycKpnnTHTe e b non3a Ha „3a Tax" (MSS P^6, x , B, C, D , F, G ). UBS^
ro one Ha c „A" (cnrypHo).
10:2 „Te HMaT peBHOCT 3a Bora" HcKpeHOCTTa h emycHasM-bT He ca AOCTaT-bHHH (bjk. 3-4 ct). IlaBeji
Ao6pe pa36npa TOBa (bjk. £I,eaHHa 9:1; ran. 1:14; Ohji. 3:6)!
10:2-3 „ho He b cbotbctctbhc etc 3HaHneTO. 3aiuoTO, KaTO He 3HaaT 3a EoaaiHTa npaBeflHOCT"
rjiarojn>T „3HaM" (ct. 2, epiginosko) HMa #Be bt>3M05khh 3HaHeHHa: (1) ioneHTe He ca pasGnpajm napa Ha
GnaroBecTHeTO (rpmiaia cmhcbji Ha „3Haa"); hjih (2) ioneHTe He ca HMajni OTHonieHHe c Bora, ocHOBaHO Ha
Bapa (eBpeiiCKHa cmhcbji Ha „3Haa", B5K. Birrae 4:1; EpeM. 1:5). 3a roneHTe He e 6hjio Tainia, ne HOBeic
TpaGBa jihhho na OTKjiHKHe Ha Bora, ho Te ca 3aMeHajm BapaTa c HOBenncn ycHjma, KoeTO e Bonejio no
ropnocT, aporaHTHOCT h eKCKjiK>3HBH3i>M (ct. 3a)!
10:3 „Eo/Kiurra npaBeflHOCT" B KOHTeKCTa Ha 9-11 rji. Ta3H (Jtpa3a ce OTHaca ki>m BMeHeHaTa ot Bora
npaB/ia, ocHOBaHa e^HHCTBeHO Ha MHjiocTra My, 3aBi>pnieHOTO ^ejio Ha Xphctoc, y6e5K/ieHHeTO Ha flyxa h
peaioiHaTa Ha rpeniHOTO HOBenecTBO noA (JiopMaTa Ha noKaaHHe, Bapa, nocToaHCTBO h noKopcTBO.
173
JlecHO e pa pa36epeM, OTKi/ie npoH3xo5Kna norpeniHOTO cxBamaHe Ha Kweirre 3a Eo5KnaTa npaBe/niocT.
C3 HaGjiara Ha noKopcTBOTO npeA 3aKOHa (bjk. BTop. 4:28-6:3,17,24-25). ToBa, KoeTO Te ca nponycHanH, ca
BapaTa h noKaamieTO, Twa HeoGxoAHMn 3a npaBnjiHna GajiaHC (bjk. BTop. 5:29-30; 6:5). BTopo3aKOHne acHO
noKa3Ba, ne Bor ce aHra5Knpa c H3panji He 3apaan TaxHara npaBe/mocT, ho 3apafln Cboji xapaKTep (bjk.
9:6,7,13,24,27; 10:12-22; E3eic. 36:22-38). flppn h xaHaaHnnre He ca jinineHH ot 3eMaTa ch nopaan
npaBeAHOCTTa Ha H3panji, a 3apa/ni rpexoBeTe ch (bjk. 9:4-6; EHrae 15:16). Bac. CnEL[HAJIHOTO IIOHilTHE
kbm 1:17.
h „Te He ce noKopuxa Ha EoaciiHTa npaBeflHOCT" EJiArojTLT e b aophct, ctpa^atejieh 3AJior,
H3iJBHTEJIHO HAKJIOHEHHE, HO ce npeBe>KAa BT>3BPATHO (b>k. TEV). B KOUHe (JiyHKnnaTa Ha BT>3BPATHH5I
3AJIOr Ce H33eMa OT CTPAflATEJIHHiL IIpaBHJIHHaT npeBOA 3aBHCH OT KOHTeKCTa.
3HaHeHHeTO e „noicopaBaM ce" - TepMHH, CBi>p3aH c apMendcara nepapxna. lO/jeme ce onnrBajin da
3ac.iyjtcam Eo5KHjrra npaBe^HOCT, kosto bcbiiihoct e dap (bjk. 3:24; 5:15; 6:23; Eijiec. 2:8-9). IlaBeji oci>3Haji
TOBa no m>Ta ki>m ,H,aMacK.
| CnEmiAJHO noHHTHE: nOKOPCTBO (HUPOTASSO)
CenTyarHHTaTa H3non3Ba to3h TepMHH 3a npeBO^a Ha rqcqt pa3Jin x iHH eBpencKn nyMn.
Ochobhoto 3HaHeHHe b C3 e „noA I iHHaBaM" hjih „HMaM npaBOTO ^a H3AaBaM 3anoBeAn". ToBa
3HaHeHHe jihhh h b LXX.
Eor 3anoB3ABa (bjk. JleBHT 10:1; HoHa 2:1; 4:6-8)
Monceii 3anoB3ABa (bjk. H3x. 36:6; BTop. 27: 1)
napeTe 3anoBa/iBaT (bjk. II Hex 31:13)
B H3 TOBa 3HaHeHHe npoAtiracaBa - b J\q%yovi 10:48 anocTOJibT 3anoBa/iBa. CtmeBpeMeHHO b H3
Ce pa3BHBaT H HOBH KOHOTaUHH.
acneKTBT Ha aoGpobojihoto noKopcTBO (necTO bi>b BT>3BPATEH 3AJIor)
aKTtT Ha Ao6poBOJiHO ceGeorpaHHHaBaHe, KoeTO M05Ke aa ce HaGjnoaaBa b noKopcTBOTO Ha
Hcyc cnpaMO OTeu (bjk. JlyKa 2:51)
BapBamHTe ce noAHHHaBaT Ha onpenejieHn acneiera Ha CBeTCKaTa KyjiTypa, 3a ^a He Gt^e
omeTeHO npe^CTaBaHeTO Ha GjiaroBecTneTO
bchhkh BapBamn (bjk. Eijiec. 5:21)
BapBamHTe cbnpyrn (bjk. Koji. 3:18; Eijiec. 5:22-24; Tht2:5; I ITeTbp 3:1)
BapBainnre noA CBeTCica BjiacT (bjk. Phmji. 13:1-7; I Ilerbp 2:13)
MoTHBaiiHaTa 3a AencTBnaTa Ha BapBainnre e ot jtk>6ob kbm Bora h ki>m Xphctoc, 3apa/ni
LJapcTBOTO, 3a Gjiaroro Ha OKOJimrre.
KaKTO h b cjrynaa c agapao, ntpKBaTa e npn/iajia Ha TepMHHa hobo 3HaHeHne, ocHOBaHO Ha
Hy5K^HTe Ha LJapcTBOTO h Ha 6jih5khhh. J\ym&T& ce onpeTaBa c GnaropoACTBOTO Ha ceGeoTpnnaHeTO,
npHHHHeHO He ot Henna 3anoBen, a ot B3aHMOOTHOineHHeTO c BceoT^anHHa Eor h Media.
BapBainnre ce noicopaBaT 3a oGiijoto Gjiaro, 3a ^a cny5KaT 3a GjiarocjiOBemie Ha Eo5KneTO ceMeiicTBO.
10:4
NASB, NKJV, NRSV „XpncTOC e CBtpuieKtT 3aKOHa"
TEV „XpncToc e nocTaBiui Kpafl Ha 3aK(ma"
JB „cera 3aKOHtT e npiiKjiiOHHji etc XpucToe"
ToBa tbt> premie e b yHHCOH c Mareii 5:17-48. LJejiTa hjih npeAHa3HaHeHHeTO (telos) Ha 3aicoHa He e
Gnjia cnaceHneTO, a H3o6jiHHeHHeTO 3a rpax; Ta3H neji Bee ome e b cnjia (bjk. Eaji. 3:24-25). CTaH/iapTHHaT
TeKCT no Binpoca e Ean. 3:1-29.
06ci>5KAaHKH Ta3n TeMa, TpaGBa ^a noMHHM KOHTeKCTa, b kohto Ta e nocTaBeHa. 3a IlaBeji CTapnaT
3aBeT M05Ke ^a Hiia pa3JinHHn 3HaHeHna. KoraTO CTaBa Binpoc 3a xpncTnaHCKna 5khbot, C3 e Eo5Kne
OTKpoBeHne (bjk. Phmji. 15:4; I Kop. 10:6,11), ho no Binpocnre, CBi>p3aHH ci>c cnacemieTO, toh e Bene
OTMeHeH (bjk. EBp. 8:13). C3 e MeTaiJiopa 3a OTMHHajiaTa enoxa. EBaHrejineTO Ha BapaTa b Hcyc e HOBaTa
enoxa Ha Ayxa. BpeMero Ha 3aKOHa e H3TeKjio! B>k. CnEL[HAJlHO noHilTHE: BHaC3,AHHflTA HA
nABEJI 3A MOHCEEBHfl 3AKOH kbm 13:9
174
NASB, NKJV „3a npaBeflHOCT Ha BceKiiro, kohto BapBa"
NRSV „3a aa Moace aa iiMa npaBeflHOCT ja BceKHro, kohto BapBa"
TEV „Ta BceKii, kohto usipua, aa 3acTaHe npaBiumo npea Bora"
NJB „TaKa ne bciihkh, kohto HMaT Bapa, jx& St/iar onpaBflarai"
TnaBH 9-11 TpaGBa ^a ce TtjiicyBaT 3ae/nio. AicneHrbT Bi>pxy cyBepeHHTeTa Ha Bora b 9 rnaBa TpaGBa ^a
ce pa3rjie5K/ia b CBeTjiHHaTa Ha KompacTa c nproirea kbm bchhkh ji?l noBapBaT b 10 rnaBa (bjk. ct. 4,9,11,13;
3:22; 4:11,16).
yHHBepcanHOCTTa Ha Eo5KnaTa jiioGob h H3KynHTenHO HaMepeHHe e H3pa3eHa b Bhthc 3: 15 h acHO jihhh
b EHrae 12:3 h b H3xoa 19:5-6. npoponirre necTO roBopaT 3a Eo5KHaTa BceoGxBaraa jik>6ob h nnaHa My 3a
oGe^HHeHHe najiOTO HOBenecTBO. OaierbT, ne Bor e e^HH h bchhkh xopa ca ci>3AaAeHH no HeroB o6pa3 e
ocHOBa 3a noKaHaTa 3a cnacemie, OTnpaBeHa kt>m najiOTO HOBenecTBO. MncTepnaTa e b TOBa, ne hhkoh He
M05Ke aa OTKjiHKHe 6e3 nocpeAHHHecTBOTO Ha flyxa (bjk. HoaH 6:44,65). Bi>3HHKBa Bi>npoci>T ^ajm Bor
npHBjiHHa bchhkh xopa kbm cnaceHHe. OTroBopi>T cne^Ba ^a e: „fla!" (bjk. HoaH 3:16; 4:42; I HoaH 2:2;
4:14; I Thm. 2:4; II nerbp 3:9). napa^OKCbT Ha rpexa, na^eHHeTO h CaTaHa e, ne hskoh Ka3BaT „He."
KoraTO caMHaT naBeji nponoBa/iBa, hskoh cjiyniaTejin OTKjiHKBaT, a Apyrn - He.
DiarojrbT „BapBaM" (pisteud) ce npeBejK^a icaro „BapBaM" hjih „ynoBaBaM". CErAIIIHOTO BPEME,
roBopn 3a npoAtJi>KHTejiHOCT. npocTOTO npH3HaBaHe Ha (JtaKTH (6orocnoBCKH, HCTopHHecKH, eBaHrencKH)
He e 3anor 3a nojiynaBaHe Ha aapa Ha Eo5KHaTa Gjiaro^aT npe3 XpncTOC. H3 e aoroBop; Bor onpe^ejia
ycnoBHaTa h noeMa HHHniiaTHBaTa, ho hhahbh/tbt TpaGBa #a OTKjiHKHe KaKTO c mpBOHanajma Bapa h
noKaamie, TaKa h c npoAtJDKaBama Bapa h noKaamie. noKopcTBOTO h nocToaHCTBOTO ca kjiiohobh. LJejira e
ynoAoGaBaHeTO c XpncTOC.
| CnEIlHAJIHO nOHHTHE: rjIArOJIHOTO BPEME n CnACEHHETO b rPBHKHfl
CnaceHneTO He e npoAyKT, a B3aHMOOTHOineHHe. To He 3aBi>piiiBa c oGptiHemieTO kt>m Xphctoc,
a eABa 3anoHBa c Hero! To He e 3acTpaxoBica hjih Ghjkt 3a HeGero, a jkhbot Ha H3pacTBaHe b
XpHCTOnOAOGHOCT.
A. CnACEHHETO KATO 3ABBPUIEHO flEHCTBHE (AOPHCT)
J],eaHHa 15:11
PHMjiaHH 8:24
II Thmotch 1:9 - Tht 3:5
PHMjiaHH 13:11 (KOM6nHHpa AOPHCT c HaconeHOCT ki>m ETflEmETO)
B. CnACEHHETO KATO CBCTOflHHE (EtEPOEKT)
EiJtecaHH 2:5,8
B. CnACEHHETO KATO nPOflBJKKABAm nPOHEC (CErAfflHO)
I KopHHTaHH 1:18; 15:2
II KopHHTaHH 2: 15
T. CnACEHHETO KATO nPEflCTOJimO OCBmECTBJIBAHE (ET^Elip KaTO DlAroJlHO
BPEME HJIH KaTO KOHTeKCT)
PHMjiaHH 5:9,10; 10:9,13
I KopHHTaHH 3:15; 5:5
OHjinnaHH 1:28; I CojryHun 5:8-9
EBpen 1:14; 9:28
(noApa36npa ce b MaTeii 10:22, 24:13; MapK 13:13)
HHTAT OT BBJirAPCKHfl nPEBOfl BEPEH — 10:5-13
* 3amoTO Monceii nnnie 3a npaB/iaTa, KoaTO e ot 3aKOHa: „aKD hobck npaBH TOBa, me 5KHBee npe3 Hero."
" Ho npaB/iaTa ot Bapa roBopn TaKa: ,,J\& He Ka5Keni b ci>pneTO ch: Koh me ce roicaHH Ha HeGeTO?" - ToecT
Aa CBajiH XpncToc aojry; ' hjih: „Koii me cjie3e b 6e3flHaTa?" - ToecT aa kibqrq Xphctoc rope ot
MipTBHTe? ° Ho KaKBO Ka3Ba Ta? Ka3Ba, ne „AyMaTa e 6jih30 npn Te6, b ycTaTa thhb ci>pneTO th" - ToecT
AyMaTa Ha BapaTa, KoaTO nponoBa/iBaMe. " 3amoTO, aKO H3noBa/iani c ycTaTa ch, ne Hhcvc e Tocnoji, h
noBapBani b cipiieTO ch, ne Bor To e Bi>3KpecHji ot MipTBHTe, me ce cnacnin. ^ 3amoTO ci>c cipiie ce
BapBa 3a onpaB/iaHHe, h c ycTa ce npaBH H3noBeA 3a cnaceHHe. * ^ 3amoTO nncaHHeTO Ka3Ba: „Hhkoh, kohto
175
BapBa b Hero, HHMa j\a ce nocpaMH." ^ IIoHe5Ke mma pa3JiHKa Me5Kny KweHH h rpi>K, 3amoTO e/niH h ci>m e
TocnoA HaA bchhkh, 6oraT kt>m bchhkh, kohto To npH30BaBax ^ 3amoTO „BceKH, kohto nprooBe HivieTO Ha
rbcnoaa, me ce cnacn."
HHTAT OT AHDIHHCKHJI nPEBOfl NASB — 10:5-13
%or Moses writes that the man who practices the righteousness which is based on law shall live by
that righteousness. *>But the righteousness based on faith speaks as follows: „Do not say in your
heart, „Who will ascend into heaven?' (that is, to bring Christ down), 7 or „Who will descend
into the abyss?' (that is, to bring Christ up from the dead)." 8 But what does it say? „The word is
near you, in your mouth and in your heart" — that is, the word of faith which we are preaching, ^if
you confess with your mouth Jesus as Lord, and believe in your heart that God raised Him from the
dead, you will be saved; l^for with the heart a person believes, resulting in righteousness, and with the
mouth he confesses, resulting in salvation. ^For the Scripture says, „Whoever believes in Him
WILL NOT BE DISAPPOINTED." l 2 For there is no distinction between Jew and Greek; for the same Lord
is Lord of all, abounding in riches for all who call on Him; l 3 for „Whoever will call on the name
of the Lord will be saved."
10:5 To3H cthx e ajno3HH kt>m JleBHT 18:5. 06emaHHeTO b Hero e cnrypHO. Akd hjikoh e M05Ken ^a H3m>jiHH
3aKOHa, Bor meine #a ro npneMe Ha TOBa ocHOBamie (bjk. Hyica 10:28; Tan. 3:12). npo6jieMi>T e b
AeiicTBHTejiHOCTTa - TaicaBa, KaKBaTO e, npencTaBeHa b Phmji. 3:9, 10-18, 19, 23; 5:18; 11:32. Bchhkh ca
CbipenrajiH. JJymara, kojito BipniH rpax. me yMpe (bjk. EHrae 2:17; BTop. 30:18; E3eK. 18:4,20). HbTJiT Ha
CTapna 3aBeT e 3aTBopeH, CTaHan e CM-bpraa npHCb^a, npoKjiHTHe (bjk. 7:10; ran. 3:13; Kon. 2:14).
10:6-8 ToBa e ajno3HH kt>m BTop. 30:11-14 bt>b BapnaHra ot CenTyarHHTaTa (LXX), nepH(J>pa3HpaH ot
IlaBeji cnopen nejiHTe My. HbpBOHaHajiHO Te3H nyMH ca nporoHecemi ot MoiiceH no noBoa 3aicoHa, ho TyK
Te ca OTHeceHH kt>m BT>njTbmeHHeTO, CM-bpira h Bi>3KpeceHHeTO Ha Hcyc (bjk. 9 ex; Eijiec. 4:9-10). HneaTa
Ha naBen e, ne cnacemieTO, 3a pa3HHKa ot 3aKOHa, e necHO, nocTtnHO e h e naneHO Ha bchhkh b Xphctoc,
npe3 Bapa (bjk. BTop. 30:15-20).
® „ho npaBe^HOCTTa, ocHOBaHa Ha BHpa roBopii" Ilo-paHO naBen e nepcomKjmnHpan „rpexa" h
„6jiaronaTra", a cera ro npaBH c „npaBenHOCTTa npe3 Bapa" - t% roBopn b nirraraTe ot C3 b 6-8 ct.
h „BB3KaHii... cjie3e" He e HeoGxonHMO xopaTa na ce onHTBaT j\a otkphht Xphctoc; Eor To e H3nparaji
3BH0 3a BCHHKH. HOBeiHKOTO TtpCeHe e HeHy5KHO.
H „ctpue" CipueTO npeflCTaBjurea ci>3HaHHeTO. Bjk. CnEL[HAJIHO noHilTHE kt>m 1:24.
10:9 „aKo" ToBa e YCJIOBHO hspe^ehhe ot tpeth bh#, H3pa3aBamo eBeHTyanHo 6-bnemo neiicTBHe. Cthx
9 e ci>Ai>p>KaHHeTO (hoti) Ha nocjiamieTO Ha BapaTa.
H „ii3noBHflam" CbCTaBmuiT TepMHH homologeo - 6yKBajiHo: „Ka3BaM cbihoto", 03HaHaBa „ci>rjiacaBaM ce
nyGjiHHHo" (roBopa TaKa, ne h npyrn na nyaT). nyGjiHHHOTO roaBaBaHe Ha Bapa b Xphctoc Hiia neHrpajiHO
3HaneHHe (bjk. MaTeii 10:32; JlyKa 12:8; HoaH 9:22; 12:42; I Thm. 6:12; I HoaH 2:23; 4:15). B paHHara
LTbpKBa pojiaTa Ha nyGjiHHHa H3noBea e H3m>jTHHBaHa ot Kp-binemieTO, npn KoeTO KaHnHnarbT e npoH3Hacan
(JiopMyjiaTa „BapBaM, ne Hcyc e TocnoA." Bjk. CnEUHAJIHO IIOHilTHE no-Aony.
| CnEHHATHO nororniE: H3nOBE,3,
A. B rp-bUKHH ci>mecTByBaT nBe (JiopMH c e/niH h ctm KopeH, 03HaHaBaiHH „H3noBanBaM",
homoleged h exomologeo. CiCTaBmuiT TepMHH, ynoTpeGeH ot .Hkob njipa ot homo,
„ci>moTo"; lego, „Ka3BaM"; h ex, „ot, OTBi>Tpe". Ochobhoto 3HaHeHHe e „Ka3BaM cbiiioto,
CbraacaBaM ce ci>c". J],o6aBeHOTO ex noACHjiBa H/ieaTa 3a nyGjiHHHO 3aaBjieHHe
B. AHrjiHHCKHTe npeBO^H Ha Ta3H rpyna ot nyMH ca
176
1 . xBajia
2. cbrnacaBaM ce
3. odsBSBaM
4. 3aassBaM
5. H3noBa/iBaM
C. Ta3H rpyna jiyuu e HMajia ABe npHBH/nio npoTHBonoji05KHH ynoTpeGn
1. npocnaBaHe (Ha Bor)
2. npH3HaBaHe Ha rpax
Bt>3mo5kho e Te3H ynoTpeGn ^a ca ce pa3BHjiH BCJie^CTBHe Ha ycemaHeTO Ha HOBenecTBO 3a
coGcTBeHaTa My rpexoBHOCT h 3a Eo5KHaTa CBaTOCT. J\& npH3HaeM e/nia to Te3H hcthhh 03HaHaBa #a
npH3HaeM h ppere.
D. YnoTpeGHTe Ha Ta3H rpyna jiyMu b H3 ca
1. oGemaBaM (bjk. MaTeii 14:7; J[enmvi 7:17)
2. cbrnacaBaM chhjih npneMaM Hemo (bjk. HoaH 1:20; JlyKa 22:6; Jlesmwi 24:14; EBp. 11:13)
3. xBajia (b>k. MaTeii 11:25; JlyKa 10:21; Phmji. 14:11; 15:9)
4. npH3HaBaM HCTHHHOCTTa
a. Ha jihhhoct (b>k. MaTeii 10:32; JlyKa 12:8; HoaH 9:22; 12:42; Phmji. 10:9; Ohji. 2:11; I
HoaH 2:23; Oricp. 3:5)
b. Ha HCTHHa/yneHHe (bjk. J{esmwi 23:8; II Kop. 11:13; I HoaH 4:2)
5. o6aB3BaM Hemo nyGjiHHHO (lopH/nwecKOTO 3HaHeHHe CTaBa ocHOBa h 3a no-KbCHoro
3HaHeHHe Ha pejnirH03HO TB-bpaemie, B5K. J\e^mm 24:14; I Thm. 6:13)
a. 6e3 npH3HaBaHe Ha BHHa (bjk. I Thm. 6:12; EBp. 10:23)
b. etc npH3HaBaHe Ha BHHa (bjk. MaTeii 3:6; Jlenmm 19:18; EBp. 4:14; .Hkob 5:16; I HoaH
1:9)
NASB «Hcyc KaTO Tocnofl"
NKJV „rocnofl Hcyc"
NRSV, TEV, JB „Hcyc e Tocnofl"
ToBa e GorocjiOBCKOTO ci>AT>p>KaHHe Ha paHHonbpKOBHaTa wmcmeji Ha Bapara h jiHTyprHKa Ha
KpimeHHeTO. YnoTpeGaTa Ha .XocnoA" nocTaBa aicneHTa Bipxy 6o5KecTBeHOCTra Ha Hcyc (bjk. Hohji 2:32;
Jlesmwi 2:32-33,36; Ohji. 2:6-11), aoicaTO hmcto „Hcyc" noA^epTaBa HOBenncaTa My npHpo^a (bjk. I HoaH
4:1-6).
| CnEijHAJiHO noHHTHE: HMETO HA rOCIIOfl
B H3 TOBa e oGiPiaiiHaTa <j)pa3a, H3pa3aBama jihhhoto npncbCTBHe h aKTHBHa HaMeca Ha
TpneAHHHHa Eor b HbpKBaTa. Ta He e MarnnecKa (JtopMyjia, a no30BaBaHe Ha Eo5KHa xapaicrep.
Ta3H (Jipa3a necTO ce oraaca ki>m Hcyc KaTO TocnoA (bjk. Ohji. 2: 11)
1. KaTO H3noBeA Ha BapaTa npn Kpi>meHHeTO (bjk. Phmji. 10:9-13; JJeamia 2:38; 8:12,16;
10:48; 19:5; 22:16; I Kop. 1:13,15; ^kob 2:7)
2. npn roroHBaHe Ha 6ecoBe (bjk. MaTeii 7:22; MapK 9:38; JlyKa 9:49; 10:17; J{esmwi
19:13)
3. npn rouejiemie HaGojnni (bjk. Jlesmwi 3:6,16; 4:10; 9:34; .Hkob 5:14)
4. npn oci>mecTBaBaHe Ha cjiy5KeHHe (bjk. MaTeii 10:42; 18:5; JlyKa 9:48)
5. npn HbpKOBHO AHcnHnjiHHHpaHe (bjk. MaTeii 18:15-20)
6. npn nponoBa^BaHe npeA e3HHHHHH (bjk. Jlyica 24:47; JXesmwi 9:15; 15:17; Phmji. 1:5)
7. b MOJiHTBa (b>k. HoaH 14:13-14; 15:2,16; 16:23; I Kop. 1:2)
8. KaTO e/niH ot HanHmrre 3a npe^CTaBaHe Ha xpncTHaHCTBOTO (bjk. JXesmwt 26:9; I Kop.
1:10; II Thm. 2:19; ^kob 2:7; I nerbp 4:14)
KaKBOTO h ^a npaBHM KaTO cjry5KHTejiH, nponoBeAHHini, noMOiuminH, ronejiHTejiH, eK3opnHCTH
h t.h., npaBHM ro nopa/iH HeroBna xapaKrep, c HeroBaTa cnjia, c HeroBaTa npoMHCBJi - b HeroBOTO
HMe!
177
e „BapBaui b ctpueTO en" Ta3H (J)pa3a e napajiejma Ha ronoBanBaM, npencTaBaiiKH no to3h HanHH
npenjiHTaiHHTe ce acneKTH Ha Bapara. EnGjieiiCKHa TepMHH „Bapa" (pistis) BKjiiOHBa (1) jihhho ynoBaHne
(eBpeiiCKH), (2) HHrejieKiyajmo ci>ni>p5KaHHe (rpiuKH) h (3) nponbJDKaBamo ci>3HaTejiHO nocBemeHne (bjk.
Brop. 30:20).
Ct>mecTBHTejiHOTO „ci>pne" ce ynoTpeGaBa b CTapo3aBeTHOTO 3HaneHHe, oGxBamaiHO najiaTa jihhhoct.
IlaBeji cnoMeHaBa „ycTa" h „ci>pne" b to3h KOHreKCT, 3amoTO b cthx 8 nirrapa BTopo3aKOHHe 30: 14. Tcma b
HHKaKi>B cjiyHaii He e onHT 3a ycTaHOBaBaHe Ha HeoTMeHHMO npaBHjio, ne 3a cnaceHneTO e HeoGxonHMa
MOJiHTBa Ha rnac.
10:10 „pe3yjiTaTtT ot KoeTO e npaBeflHOCT" HejiTa Ha Bora He e npocTO BapBanniTe na nonanHaT Ha
HeGeTO hhkoh neH, a na ce onpHjiHHaT Ha XpncTOc ome cera! fl,pyrnaT 3Ha x iHM naca5K no TeMaTa 3a
npenonpenejieHHeTO, Eijiec. 1:3-14, peniHTenHO 3aaBaBa Ta3H HCTHHa b 4 ex BapBamirre ca roGpami, 3a na
6i>naT CBeTH h 6e3yKopHn! H36iipaHeTO He e npocTO npKTpHHa, a HaHHH Ha 5khbot (bjk. BTop. 30:15-20).
Cthx 10 ci>OTBeTCTBa Ha nBoiiHCTBeHaTa npnpona Ha BenHKOTO noptHemie (bjk. MaTeii 28:19-20):
cnaceHHe (npaBeTe yneHHUH) h npaBenHOCT (KaTO rn ynnre na na3aT bchhko, KoeTO ct>m bh 3anoBana.11).
Ci>iHHa GanaHC OTicpHBaMe b Eijiec. 2:8-9 (cnaceHHe, KoeTO e nap ot Bora, no GnaronflT, npe3 XpncTOc) n
Eijiec. 2:10 (npn3HB kim „no6pH nena"). Eo5KHeTO 5Kenamie BHHarn e 6hjio na Hiia Hapon, ci>3naneH no
HeroBHH o6pa3.
10:11 ToBa e nirraT ot Hcaa 28:16, kt>m kohto IlaBeji e no6aBHn H3pa3a „BceKH, kohto". B Hcaa CTaBa
Binpoc 3a BapaTa b Mecna, Eo5KHa KpaitbrbneH KaMiK (bjk. 9:32-33). Kaiero Phmjishh 9 rji. HaGnara Ha
Bo5KHa cyBepeHHTeT, Taxa rnaBa 10 nonnepTaBa HeoGxonHMOCTra ot TOBa BceKH hh^hbha na OTKjiHKHe Ha
XpncTOc. BceoGxBaTHOCTTa Ha Eo5KHeTO npenno5KeHHe acre) nponnnaBa npe3 ynoTpeGaTa Ha „BceKH" b
cthx 4, Ha „BceKH kohto" b CTHxoBe 11 h 13 h Ha „bchhkh" b cthx 12 (npa ni>TH)! Taica ce nocTnra
GorocnoBCKO paBHOBecne cnpaMO nneaTa 3a H36npaTejiHOTO npenonpenenemie, aKuenrapaHa b 9 ra.
a „B«pBa b Hero" ToBa e CErAfflHO flEilTEHHO nPHHACTHE c nPE,n,.norA epi (b>k. 4:24; 9:33; I Thm. 1:16).
BapaTa He e caMO mpBOHananeH otkjihk, ho h TpaiiHO H3HCKBaHe 3a cnaceHHero! BapaTa e noBene ot
npaBHjiHO GorocjiOBHe (eBaHrencKH hcthhh) - Ta e jihhho B3aHMOOTHOineHHe (c jiHHHOCTTa Ha
eBaHrejineTo), KoeTO Bonn no GnaronecTHB 5khbot (5KHBOTa Ha eBaHrenneTo). IIa3eTe ce ot noBipxHOCTHOTO
pa36npaHe Ha BapaTa, KoeTO pa3nena HCTHHa h 5khbot. BapaTa, KoaTO cnacaBa e OHa3H, KoaTO nocToaHCTBa h
ce npoMeHa! BenmiaT 5khbot HMa acHO bh^hmh npH3Hanii! Bjk. CnEL[HAJIHO ITOH5ITHE: BflPA kim 4:5.
NASB, TEV „HHivia m ce pa30HapoBa"
NKJV, NRSV „HHivia m St/ie nocpaivieH"
JB „i isim;i aa HMa npiiHima 3a cpaM"
Te3n, kohto ynoBaBaT („BapBaT") Ha XpncTOc HaMa na GtnaT nporoHeHH. ToBa e nirraT ot Hcaa 28: 16 -
kjhohob naca5K 3a apryMeHTaniiaTa Ha IlaBeji b 9:33.
10:12 „nsivia pajjiiiKa Meacay Hmeim ii rptK" ToBa e ocHOBHaTa TeMa Ha HoBHa 3aBeT (bjk. Phmji. 3:22,29;
Tan. 3:28; Ecjiec. 2:11-3:13; Kon. 3:11). EmaaamT Bor e H3Kynnji npe3 AeiicTBHaTa ch CBoeTO H3ry6eHO
TBopeHne. Ton 5Kenae bchhkh xopa, eb3flaaeHH n0 HeroBHa o6pa3 aa /jowiaT npn Hero n aa ce yno/ioGaT Ha
Hero! BceKH M05Ke ^a AOH/ie!
yHHBepcanHaTa npHpo^a Ha GnaroBecTneTO („bchhkh" ce cpema ABa ni>TH b cthx 12) ce npoaBaBa no
ABa HanHHa: (1) HaMa pa3HHKa MeyKjiy lo^eH h ri>piiH - bchhkh ca H3ry6eHH (bjk. 3:9,19,22-23; 11:32) h (2)
HaMa pa3HHKa Me5iyiy KweH h ri>piiH - bchhkh MoraT ^a ce cnacaT. EBaHrejineTO npeMaxBa bchhkh HOBeniKH
nperpa^H (bjk. Hohji 2:28-29; I Kop. 12:13; Tan. 3:28; Kon. 3:11), noHe mo ce oraaca no cnaceHneTO.
H „ii3o6iuiCTBam b 6oraTCTBo" KoraTO naBen roBopn 3a Bo5KHaTa Gjiaro^aT b Xphctoc, toh necTO
H3noji3Ba AyMaTa „6oraTCTBo" (bmc. 2:4; 9:23; 11:12 [^Ba ni>TH], 33; I Kop. 1:5; II Kop. 8:9; Eijiec. 1:7,18;
2:7; 3:8,16; Ohji. 4:19; Koji. 1:27; 2:2).
10:13 JJpa hobh aKneHra ce noaBaBaT b HanHHa, no kohto naBen H3noii3Ba to3h H3BecTeH iiHTaT ot Hohji
2:32: (1) b Hohji e ynoTpeGeHO hmcto YHWH, a naBeji b PnMjiaHH, KaKTO h nerbp b JXquybvi 2:21, nocTaBa
178
HMeTO Hcyc (3a6ejre5KeTe Cbrrro HoaH 12:41 h Hcaa 6:9-10; Ohji. 2:9 h Hcaa 45:22-25; Phmji. 9:33 h Hcaa
8: 13-14); h (2) b Hohji no# „cnaceH" ce no/rpa36rrpa (JmsnnecKO roGaBjremre, a b Phmji3hh CTaBa Binpoc 3a
AyxoBHa nponnca h BenHO cnacemre.
KoHiieimiMTa Ha CTapna 3aBeT 3a „npn30BaBaHe Ha HMeTO Ha Ibcno/ra" BrcjrroHBa n/reaTa 3a nyGjiHHHa
H3noBeA Ha Bapa b KOHTeKCTa Ha noKjroHemre. Ctrnara KOHnennna e H3pa3eHa b ^eamra 7:59; 9:14,21;
22:16; I Kop. 1:2; II Thm. 2:22. B>k. CnEI],HAJIHO IIOH5ITHE: IIPH30BAH b 1:6.
| CnEi;HA.HHO noHATHE: HCyC OT HA3APET
B H3 ci>mecTByBaT HaKOJTKO pa3JiHHHH TepMHHa, c kohto ce yroHrraBa 3a koh tohho Hcyc CTaBa
Binpoc.
I. IIohhtiih OT HOBIIH 3aBeT
1. Ha3apeT - rpa/rtT b rajrnjrea (bjk. JlyKa 1:26; 2:4,39,51; 4:16; J{esmwi 10:38). To3h rpaa
He ce cnoMeHaBa b roBopnre, cbBpeMemnr Ha eBaHrencrcHTe cbGnTrra, ho ce cperrra b no-
KbCHH Ha/IJIHCH.
J\a 6i>Ae ot Ha3apeT He 6hjio KOMnjiHMeHT 3a Hcyc (b>k. HoaH 1:46). HamracbT,
npHKOBaH kt>m KptCTa Ha Hcyc, nocoHBam msctoto Ha HeroBna npoH3xoA e 6hji
roaencKH H3pa3 Ha npe3peHHe.
2. Nazarenos - cbrrro H3rjre5K/ra, ne ce oraaca kt>m reorpa(J)CKO Macro (bjk. JlyKa 4:34;
24:19).
3. Nazoraios - M05Ke /ra ce oraaca h kt>m rpa#, ho 6h Morno /ra Gt/re h nrpa Ha /ryMH,
npenpamama kt>m eBperrcKrra MecnaHCKH TepMHH „KjiOHKa" (netzer, B5K. Hcaa 4:2; 11:1;
53:2; EpeM. 23:5; 33:15; 3ax. 3:8; 6:12). JlyKa Haprma TaKa Hcyc b 18:37 h b £[eaHHa
2:22; 3:6; 4:10; 6:14; 22:8; 24:5; 26:9.
II. HcTopiinecKa ynoTpeSa iobbh Hobiih 3aBeT. ToBa nine e HMano h apyra 3Ha x reHrra.
1 . OnHCBano e roaerrcKa (npeflxpncraaHCKa) eperaHecrca rpyna.
2. CpeA KweHCKHTe KpiroBe ce ronojma KaTO Ha3Bamre Ha BapBarmrre b Xpncroc (bjk.
fleamra 24:5,14; 28:22).
3. YcTaHOBHiio ce e Karo oGrpraHmra TepMHH 3a o6o3HaHaBaHe Ha BapBamHTe ot
CHpHHCKHTe (apaMeHCKHTe) HbpKBH TaKa, KaKTO B ip-bHKHTe HbpKBH Ce e HajI05KHJIO
CbmeCTBHTejIHOTO „XpHCTHaHH".
4. B onpeAeneH momcht cnefl naaaHero Ha HepycanHM, (JtapHcenre opramBrrpaT ci>6op b
rpaa ilMHHa h nofl6y5KAaT (JiopMajmoTO pa3flejreHHe Me5K/ry CHHaroraTa h rrtprcBaTa.
npHMep 3a npoKjiaTHaTa cpenry xpncraaHHTe HaMHpaMe b „OceMHa/receTTe
GnarocjiOBeHHa" ot Berakoth 28b-29a, Kb/rero BapBamHTe ca Hapenemr „Ha3apaHH":
„£I,aHO Ha3apaHHTe h eperanrrTe /ra H3He3HaT b e/rrnr uur, Te me Gi^aT h3tphth ot
KHHraTa Ha 5KHBOTa h HaMa /ra ce 3anHinaT 3ae/rrro c BepmrTe."
III. MHeHiieTO Ha aBTopa
H3HeHaAaH ct>m ot mhototo pa3JiHHHH HanHHH 3a H3nncBaHe Ha Ta3H AyMa, MaKap /ra
3HaM, ne no/ioGHO aBjremre ce cpema h b C3, KaTO HanpHMep pa3HHHHHTe ronHCBamra Ha
HMeTO Hemya (Hcyc) Ha eBperrcrcH. CtrneBpeMeHHO nopa/pr (1) GjnBKara Bpi>3Ka c
MecnaHCKHa TepMHH „KjiOHKa"; (2) HeraTHBHHTe My KOHOTanrnr; h (3) jrHncara Ha
HCTopHnecKH CBH^eTejiCTBa 3a Ha3apeT no BpeMeTO Ha Hcyc He Mora /ra H3Ka5Ka
KaTeropHHHO MHeHne 3a tohhoto SHanemre Ha HMero; h (4) HemaTa ce ycjro5KHaBar ot
ecxaTonorHHecKHa cmhcbji Ha H3Ka3BaHeTO Ha ^eMOHa (T.e. ,,J\a He ch ppvibji %a hh
noryGHin?").
3a mjiHa GnGnnorpacJiHa Ha HaynHHTe H3CneABaHHa Bipxy Ta3H rpyna /ryMH bjk. Colin
Brown (ed.), New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology, tom 2, CTp. 346.
IJHTAT OT BtJirAPCKHfl IIPEBOfl BEPEH — 10:14-15
^4 KaK oGane me npn30BaT To3n, b kototo He ca noBapBann? A KaK me noBapBaT b To3h, kototo He ca
Hyjrn? A rcaK me nyaT 6e3 rrponoBemiHK? *■* H KaK me rrponoBa/rBaT, aKO He ca H3npaTeHH? KaKTO e nncaHo:
„Kojtko ca npeKpacHH KparcaTa Ha Te3H, kohto GnaroBecTBaT ^oGpoTo!"
179
HHTAT OT AHDIHHCKHJI HVEBORNASB — 10:14-15
l^How then will they call on Him in whom they have not believed? How will they believe in Him
whom they have not heard? And how will they hear without a preacher? l^How will they preach
unless they are sent? Just as it is written, „How beautiful are the feet of those who bring good
news of good things!"
10:14-15 TyK 3anoHBa nope/nina BinpocH, cbm>TCTBaHH ot nirraTH ot C3, kohto noA^epTaBaT H/ieaTa, ne
H3panji HHKora He e OTKjiHKBaji Ha npaTeminHTe h nocjiamuiTa Ha YHWH (bjk. HeeMHH 9 ra.; J\Qsnm% 1 rn.).
Bor ronpama nocjiaminH (npoponii, anocTOJin, nponoBeAHHini, ynHTejm, eBaHrejiroaTopH). Te ca Eo5khh
GnarocjiOBeHHa 3a wyamaemwi ce cbjit. Bor, b MHjiocTTa ch, ronpama BecTHTejinre Ha GjiaroBecTHeTO, ho ot
cnyinaTejiHTe ce onaKBa ^a OTKjiHKHaT no noAxoAanj HanHH. IlaBeji noAKpena MHCBJiTa ch c nirraT ot Hcaa
52:7. Toft pa3niHpaBa 3HaHeHHeTO Ha CTHxa TaKa, ne #a oGxBama h nponoBeAHHuirre Ha eBaHrejiHem
CnacHTenHaTa Bapa ci>Ai>p>Ka hhkojiko eneMenra: (1) nocnaHHe, b KoeTO ^a ce BapBa; (2) jihhhoct, kohto
Aa ce npneMe; (3) mpBOHanajiHO h npoAtJDKaBamo bi>b BpeMeTO oraomeHHe Ha noKaamie h Bapa; (4)
5khbot b noKopcTBo; h (5) nocToaHCTBO (bjk. 6ejie5KKaTa kbm 1:5).
10:15 ToBa e BenHKOTO nopiHemie Ha Phmjmhh. CnaceHHeTO njipa nocpe^CTBOM nyBaHe h npneMaHe Ha
eBaHrejiHem nponoBeAHHUHTe ca npaTeHH, 3a ^a MoraT ..bchhkh" ^a ce cnacjrr!
HHTAT OT EBJITAPCKHJI nPEBOfl BEPEH — 10:16-17
1" Ho He bchhkh ce no^HHHxa Ha GjiaroBecTHero; 3amoTO Hcaa Ka3Ba: ..TocnoAH, koh e noBapBaji Ha
OHOBa, KoeTO e nyji ot Hac?" 1 ' H TaKa, BapaTa e ot cnyniaHe, a cnyniaHeTO - ot Xphctoboto cjiobo.
HHTAT OT AHDIHHCKHfl nVWORNASB — 10:16-17
16 However, they did not all heed the good news; for Isaiah says, „Lord, who has believed our
REPORT?" l^So faith comes from hearing, and hearing by the word of Christ.
10:16 IlaBeji othobo H3noji3Ba npoponecKH H3aBjieHHH ot C3, kohto mpBOHanajiHO ca ce OTHacajiH 3a
AyMHTe Ha YHWH kt>m H3panji, 3a ^a roBopn 3a eBaHrejmeTO Ha MecHjrra Hcyc. KaKTO lO^eHTe ot C3 ca
otxbi>pjihjih Bo5KHeTO nocnaHHe, TaKa h CBBpeMeHHHTe Ha IlaBeji lO^eH ro OTXBi>pjiaT. ToBa e nirraT ot Hcaa
53:1, kohto GorocjiOBCKH e CBi>p3aH h c Hcaa 6:9-13, Kb/ieTO H3paHji otxbi>pjui Bora.
10:17 BnaroBecTHeTO e nocnaHHe (bjk. TajiaTaHH 3:2). Ho nocjiamieTO npujiodima H3MepeHHHTa Ha jihhho
cjiobo - „cjioboto Ha XpncToc" (bjk. Koji. 3:15-16).
is „cjioboto Ha XpiiCTOc" KoHTeKCTa npe^nojiara, ne CTaBa Binpoc 3a nocjiamieTO 3a XpncToc.
nponoBa/iBaHeTO Ha eBaHrejineTO e Eo5khji HanHH ^a npe^CTaBH Ha CBeTa napa, kohto e b Xphctoc.
Ha TOBa Macro b ^peBHHTe rp-bUKH MaHycKpHnra HMa pa3HOHeTeHHJi: (1) MSS P , N , B, C, D
ci>Ai>p>KaT „cjioboto Ha XpncTOc", a (2) MSS N c , A, D c , K, P - „cjioboto Ha Bora". HbpBiuiT BapnaHT 3ByHH
MHoro no-HeoGHHaiiHO (bjk. Koji. 3:16) h 3aroBa TpaGBa #a e opnrHHajieH (TOBa e ejmo ot ocHOBmrre
noji05KeHHa Ha KpnTHKaTa Ha TeKCTa). UBS^ oneiw to3h Bapnanr c „A" (cnrypeH). ®pa3ara ce cpema caMO
ABa ni>TH b nejiHH H3. flpyrara (J)pa3a - „cjioboto Ha Bora", ce cpema hjikojiko ni>TH (bjk. JlyKa 3:2; HoaH
3:34; Eijiec. 6:17; E B p. 6:5 h 11:3).
HHTAT OT BBJirAPCKHfl nPEBOfl BEPEH — 10:18-21
1° Ho a3 Ka3BaM: Te He ca jih hvjih? PasGnpa ce, nyjra ca: „no najiara 3eMa ce pa3Hece rjiaciT hm h
ayMHTe hm - no KpanmaTa Ha BcejieHaTa." ^" Ho naK Ka3BaM: H3panji He e jih pa36paji? n-bpBO MoiiceH
Ka3Ba: „A3 me bh pa3Apa3Ha no peBHyBaHe c Te3H, kohto He ca Hapoa; c Hapon Hepa36paH me bh pa3rHeBa."
20 A Hcaa ce ocMejiaBa ^a Ka5Ke: „HaMepeH 6ax ot OHe3H, kohto He Me Ttpcexa; aBeH CTaHax Ha Te3H,
kohto He nHTaxa 3a MeH." ^ A 3a H3panji Ka3Ba: „npocTHpax pmeTe Ch naji ^eH ki>m HapoA HenoKopeH h
onaK."
180
HHTAT OT AHDIHHCKHJI IIPEBOfl NASB — 10:18-21
l^But I say, surely they have never heard, have they? Indeed they have; „Their voice has gone out
into all the earth, And their words to the ends of the world." l^But i sa y ? surely Israel did not know,
did they? First Moses says, „I will make you jealous by that which is not a nation, By a nation without
understanding will I anger you." 20 And Isaiah is very bold and says, „I was found by those who did
not seek Me, I became manifest to those who did not ask for Me." 21 But as for Israel He says, „A11 the
day long I have stretched out My hands to a disobedient and obstinate people."
10:18 Cnopen to3h cthx noBeneTO ioneH ca hvjih nocnaHHeTO (nonnepTaHO c eMijiaTiPiHa ,J],BOHHO
OTPHL[ATEJIHA rp-bnica KOHCTpyKUHa) h hocst OTroBopHOCT 3a OTXBT>pjDiHeTO My. npoGneivrbT He e b
He3HaHneTO, a b HeBepnexo!
IlaBeji iurrapa lie. 19:4. CTHxoBe 1-6 b to3h ncanM ce oraacaT 3a ecTecTBeHOTO OTKpoBemie, npn kocto
Bor roBopn npe3 TBopeHneTO (bjk. Phmjishh 1-2 rn.). IlaBeji npoMeiw (1) yHHBepcanHOTO CBHneTejiCTBO
(,,no nanaTa 3eMa") h (2) cpe^CTBaTa 3a npenaBaHe Ha nocnaHHeTO : BMecTO thxhh rnac Ha TBopeHneTO -
nponoBeAHHHHTe Ha eBaHrenneTO (anocTOJin, npoponH, eBaHrenroaTopH, nacrapn h ynHTenn - B5K. Ecjiec.
4:11), kohto cnanar kt>m cnenHanHOTO OTKpoBeHHe (bjk. lie. 19:8-14). OcHOBHaTa Hnea e, ne eBaHrencKOTO
nocnaHHe e Bene npomncHano b CBBpeMeHHHa Ha IlaBeji ip-bKO-pHMCKH CBaT. IlaBeji H3non3Ba paBHHCKHa
xepMeHeBTHneH nonxon, KaTO MonH(J)HUHpa TeKCTa Ha C3 cnopen CBOHTe GorocnoBCKH h noneMHHHH nenn.
TpaGBa cbiho acHO na nonnepTaeM, ne HanHHa, no kohto IlaBen h ocTaHannre anocTOJin H3noji3BaT C3 e
yHHKanHO HacoHBaH ot CBeTHa JJyx (bjk. II nerbp 1:20-21). fl,HeniHHTe BapBanni, Maxap h npocBeTnaBami
ot fl,yxa, He MoraT na BT>3npoH3BenaT rbjiKyBaTenHHTe MeTonH Ha HOB03aBeTHHTe nncaTejiH.
10:19-20 K)neHTe ca hvjih nocnaHHeTO ome ot MoiiceH. Te ca 6hjih b cbCToamie na pa36epaT naneHaTa Ha
bchhkh Hapo^H bi>3mo5khoct 3a ronpaBaHe Ha OTHomeHHHTa c Bora npe3 Bapa.
B Te3H CTHxoBe Bor roBopn Ha CBoa 3aBeTeH Hapon 3a npHoGmaBaHeTO Ha e3HHHHUHTe. 3a nenra ca
H3noji3BaHH iiHTaTH ot BTop. 32:21 b 19 cthx h ot Hcaa 65:1-2 b 20-21 cthxobc IIIoKHpamoTO
npnoGmaBaHe Ha e3HHHHHHTe e TpaGBano na npenifiBHKa roneHTe kt>m no-ronaMO nocBemeHne bt>b BapaTa
(b>k. 11:11,14).
10:21 ToBa TB-bpnemie e nHTaT ot Hcaa 65:2 (bt>b BapnaHTa Ha CenTyarHHTaTa), othocho OTXBT>pjiaHeTO Ha
YHWH ot CTpaHa Ha 3aBeTHHa Hapon (bjk. Hcaa 65:1-7). Bor e 6hji BepeH; H3pann e 6hji HeBepeH.
HeBepHOCTTa hm e Bonena b MHHanoTO no BpeMeHHO ocT>5KneHHe - Kaiero Ha nenna Hapon, TaKa h Ha
OTnenmi xopa, ho OTKa3T>T hm na npneMaT Eo5KHaTa npaBennocT npe3 Bapa b Xphctoc me npBene no bchho
oci>5KAaHe!
BtnPOCH 3A OBCtaCflAHE
To3h KOMeHTap e caMO pfrKOBoncTBO 3a H3yHaBaHe. ToBa 03HaHaBa, ne Bne caMH hochtc OTroBopHOCT 3a
HanHHa, no kohto TbjiKyBaTe BnGjinaTa. BceKH ot Hac TpaGBa na xonn b CBeTjiHHaTa, KoaTO My e naneHa.
UpHopHTeT npn HHTepnpeTaiiHaTa CTe caMHaT Bne, BaniaTa EnGnna h CBeraaT JJyx. He 6nBa na
npexBipjiaTe Ta3H OTroBopHOCT Ha kohto H^ae KOMeHTarop.
HacToainirre Binpocn 3a o6cT>5KnaHe nenaT na bh nonnoMoraaT na o6mhcjiht6 ochobhhtc tcmh b to3h
pa3fle.ii Ha nocnaHHeTO. Henra hm e na npenifiBHKaT mhcjih, a He na nanaT KpaiiHH OTroBopn.
1. Ako Bo5KHaT H36op HMa TaKOBa KjnoHOBO 3HaHeHHe, ToraBa 3amo IlaBen ce mojih 3a Hspanji b 10:1?
3amo b 10:9-13 ce nocTaBa TOJiKOBa chjiho ynapemie Bipxy Heo6xoflHMOCTTa ot HOBeniKH otkjihk?
2. KaKBO 03HaHaBa 4 cthx? J\ajm Xphctoc e OTMeHHji 3aKOHa?
3. H36poHTe eneMeHTHTe Ha BapaTa b 10:9-10.
4. 3amo IlaBeji TOJiKOBa necTO iiHTHpa C3? KaK TOBa ce ci>rjiacyBa c npe^HMHO e3HHecKHa ciCTaB Ha
LTbpKBaTa b Phm?
5. KaKBa e Bpi>3KaTa Me5Kay 10: 11-13 h 9 rn.?
6. KaKBa e Bpi>3KaTa Me5Kay 10:14-15 h CBeTOBHaTa MHCHOHepcKa neiiHOCT?
7. IIo KaKbB HanHH HOBeniKaTa CBoGonHa Bona ynacTBa b cnaceHneTO Ha HOBeKa cnopen 10 niaBa?
181
Phmjihhh 11 rjiaea
PAJflEJIEHHJI nO AE3AHH B C1.BPEMEHHHTE IIPEBOflH
UBS 4
NKJV
NRSV
TEV JB
OcTaTLKtT
OT JfepaHJI
OTXBtpnaHeTO
Ha Jfepanji
He e hljiho
OrxBtpjBiHeTO
Ha Jfepanji
He e OKOHHaTenHO
EcDKIDITa MHJIOCT OcTaiT>KT>T
kt>m Jfepanji ot Jfepanji
11:1-10
11:1-10
11:1-10
11:1-6 11:1-10
11:7-10
CnaceHHeTO
Ha esiHHiinirre
OTXBtpnaHeTO
Ha Jfepanji
He e OKOHHaTenHO
lO/jeme npe/jcroH
Bt3CTaHOBeHH
11:11-12
11:11-36
11:11-12
11:11-12 11:11-15
CnaceHHeTO
Ha e3HHHHHHTe
11:13-16
11:13-16
11:13-15 lO/jeirre Bee ome
ca H36paH Hapofl
MeTatfiopara
C MaCJIHHOBOTO
fltpBO
11:16-18 11:16-24
11:17-24
11:17-24
11:19-24
Bt>3CTaHOB«BaHeTO
Ha Jfepaiui
U,ejiHiiT Jfepanji
me 6t^e cnaceH
EroKiiirra mhjioct 06ptmeHHeTO
KIM BCHHKH Ha lO/jeHTe
11:25-32
11:25-32
11:25-32 11:25-27
11:28-29
11:30-32
IlpocnaB«He Ha Bora Xhmh 3a
BoacHaTa mhjioct
H Mt^pOCT
11:33-36
11:33-36
11:33-36 11:33-36
nPOHHT HA TPETH HHKBJI (sac. CTp. ix)
nPOCJIE/JJIBAHE HA ABTOPCKOTO HAMEPEHHE HA HHBO AE3AHH
To3h KOMeHTap e caMO p'skobojctbo 3a H3yHaBaHe. ToBa 03HaHaBa, ne Bne caMH Hocnre OTroBopHOCT 3a
HanHHa, no kohto TbjiKyBaTe EnGjiiuiTa. BceKH ot Hac TpaGBa #a xo/ni b CBeTjiHHaTa, kojito My e jiajieiia.
IIpHopHTeT npn HHrepnpeTanHHTa CTe caMHHT Bne, BaniaTa EhGjthh h Cb6thht JJyx. He 6nBa #a
npexBipjiaTe Ta3H OTroBopHOCT Ha kohto H^ae KOMeHTarop.
IIpoHeTeTe raaBaTa Ha emm rt>x. Onpe/iejieTe tcmhtc CinocTaBeTe BanieTO TeMaTHHHO pa3AejieHHe c
neTTe CBBpeMeHHH npeBOAa no-rope. Pa3AejiaHeTO Ha a63anH He e B^ixHOBeHO ot Bora, ho e kjhohobo 3a
npocjieA^BaHeTO Ha aBTopcKOTO HaMepemie. A HMeHHO TOBa e b cbpneBHHara Ha HHrepnpeTHpaHeTO. BceKH
a63au Hiia e/ma e/niHCTBeHa TeMa.
182
1 . IltpBH a63au
2. Btoph aGsaii
3. TpeTHa63au
4. H T.H.
HAEJIK)flEHHJI BBPXY KOHTEKCTA
A. B 11 rjiaBa npoAtiracaBa napa/iOKcajiHOTO BsaHMOOTHomemie Me5K#y roGnpaHe h eBaHrejme.
HsGnpaHeTO b C3 e 3a cnyaceHne, AOKaTO b H3 e 3a cnacemie (npoBepeTe c noMOinTa Ha
KOHKopaaHc!). B HHKaKiB CMHCbji BapBanniTe ca npn30BaHH eAHOBpeMeHHO aa Gi^aT Eo5KHe
ceMeiiCTBO (H3) h Eojkhh cjiyrn (C3). H36npaHeTO 6nBa o6mo hjih HH/niBHAyajiHO, a cbiho TaKa h
noji05KHTenHO hjih OTpHnaTejiHO (-3KDB/H3paHji - HcaB/E/K>M; MoHceii/iJiapaoHa). B Kpainia CMeTica
Hanpe5KeHHeTO e He npocTO Me5Kny Eo5khh cyBepeHHTeT h HOBenncaTa CBoGo/nia bojiji, a b caMHH
xapaKTep Ha Bora. TjiaBH 9-11 othobo h othobo noAnepTaBar Eo5KHHTa mhjioct h 6yHTa Ha
na/majiOTO HOBenecTBO. Bor e BepeH, a xopaTa - He.
HsGnpaHexo He e AOKipHHa, roKjiioHBaiHa HHKoro, a ocHOBamie 3a namsiKjia h yBepeHOCT 3a Te3H,
kohto ca OTKjiHKHajiH Ha oGemamiaTa h Ha CnHa Ha Bora, kohto yTBi>p5KAaBa 3aBeTa Ch.
B. B 9 rnaBa IlaBeji OTCTOjrea cyBepeHHTeTa h CBoGoaara Ha Bora. flopn h b 3aBeTHHTe OTHonieHHH Bor
e CBoGo/ieH. B 10 rn. IlaBeji tbi>pah, ne KweHTe ca 6hjih cboGoahh %a npneMaT hjih %a otxbi>pjdit
Bo5KHHTe oGemaHHa hjih 3aBeTH. CjieA KaTO ca AOKa3ajiH CBoaTa HeBapHOCT h ca otxbi>pjihjih
Bo5KHHTe oGemaHHa h 3aBeTa My, Te, b HHKaKbB cmhcbji, ca 6hjih OTXBi>pjieHH ot Bora.
CimeBpeMeHHO, b 11 raaBa IlaBeji me yTBi>p5KAaBa Eo5KHHTa BapHOCT, ^opn h npeA jmneTO Ha
HeBepHOcrra Ha H3panji (bjk. BTopo3aKOHHe 8 rji.).
C. B MHHajiOTO, KaKTO h b HacToameTO e HMajio KweHCKH ocTarbK, BapBam b Eojkhji Mecna h 5KHBeem
cnope/i Ta3H Bapa. CaMHHT IlaBeji e npHMep 3a TOBa. OTXBi>pjDiHeTO Ha hhkoh HeBapBaiiiH KweH e
HanpaBHjio bi>3mo5kho npneMaHeTO Ha BapBaiHirre e3HHHHHH. IIpHo6maBaHeTO Ha e3HHHHHHTe boah
hjih (1) ao OKOHnaTejiHO ocJiopMjme Ha Eojkhh HapoA hjih (2) ro nom>jiBaHe Ha 6poa Eo5KHHTe
H36paHH - KaKTO KweH, TaKa h e3HHHHHH. BicjiioHBaHeTO Ha e3HHHHHHTe me MOTHBHpa H3panji #a
ynoBaBaT Ha Eo5khh Mecna - Hcyc.
H3GJIEflBAHE HA flYMH H OPA3H
HHTAT OT EBJITAPCKHJI IIPEBOfl BEPEH — 11:1-6
^ H Taica, Ka3BaM: Otxbi>pjihji jih e Bor Cboh HapoA? J\a He Gt^e! 3amoTO h a3 ci>m ropaHjiTamiH, ot
noTOMCTBOTO Ha ABpaaM, ot njieMeTO Ha BeHHaMHH. 2 Bor He e otxbi>pjihji Cbos HapoA, kohto e npeAy3Haji.
Hjih He 3HaeTe KaKBO Ka3Ba IiHcaHHeTO 3a Hjihh - KaK Bmca ki>m Bora npoTHB H3panji: -> „rbcnoAH, roGnxa
npoponirre Th, pa3Konaxa ojiTapnTe Th h a3 ocTaHax caM, ho h mos jkhbot ncicaT j\a OTHeMaT." ^ Ho KaKBO
My Ka3Ba 605KeCTBeHHHT OTTOBOp? - „OCTaBHJI CbM CH Ce^eM XHJIH^H MI>5Ke, KOHTO He Ca npeKJIOHHJIH
kojihho npea Baaji." * TaKa h noHacToameM Hiia ocTarbK, H36paH no Gjiaro^aT. " Ho aKO e no Gjiaroaar, He e
Bene ot aejia, HHane GjiaroaaTra He e Bene Gjiaro^aT, (a aKO e ot aejia, ne e Bene Gjiaro^aT, HHane acjioto He e
Bene aejio).
HHTAT OT AHTJIHHCKHfl nPEBOfl NASB — 11:1-6
ll say then, God has not rejected His people, has He? May it never be! For I too am an Israelite, a
descendant of Abraham, of the tribe of Benjamin. ^God has not rejected His people whom He
foreknew. Or do you not know what the Scripture says in the passage about Elijah, how he pleads with
God against Israel? ^"Lord, they have killed Your prophets, they have torn down Your altars, and I
alone am left, and they are seeking my life." ^But what is the divine response to him? „I have kept for
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Myself seven thousand men who have not bowed the knee to Baal." ^In the same way then, there has
also come to be at the present time a remnant according to God's gracious choice. *>But if it is by grace,
it is no longer on the basis of works, otherwise grace is no longer grace.
11:1 „Bor He e otxbbpjihji Cboh Hapoa, Hanii?" OraKBa ce OTroBopi>T Ha to3h Binpoc aa e „He". IlaBeji
OTTOBapa Ha to3h Binpoc b CTHxoBe lb-10. To3h pa3Aeji Tpa6Ba ^a ce pa3rjie5K/ia bt>b Bpi>3Ka c
npeAinecTBamHTe aoboah Ha IlaBeji. FnaBH 9-11 o6pa3yBar e/mo HHTepaTypHO nano, eflHH pa3nrapeH
apryMeHT.
HHTepecHO e ^a ce OT6ejie5KH, ne b paHmra rp-bUKH nannpyceH MaHycKpnnT P^o h yHnnajiHTe F h G e
neTeM ..HacneACTBO ", a He „HapoA ", kocto BepoaTHO H^Ba ot lie. 94: 14 b CenTyarHHTaTa.
H ,,/jaHO raiKora He OB/ie" ToBa e thhhhhhh 3a IlaBeji HanHH 3a OTXB-bpnaHe Ha BinpocHTe Ha
xnnoTeTHHHHa npoTHBHHK ((JmjiHninca, B5K. 3:4,6,31; 6:2,15; 7:7,13; 9:14; 11:1,11).
H „a3 Cbiuo cbm iopanjiTHHHH" IlaBeji ronojma caMna ce6e ch KaTO AOKa3aTejiCTBO 3a ebmecTByBaHeTO
Ha BapBam ocTarbK cpeA KweHTe. 3a noBene no Binpoca 3a KwencKHH npoH3xoA Ha IlaBeji B5K. Ohji. 3:5.
H 11:2 „Bor He e otxbbpjihji Hapo,aa ch" Bt>3mo>kho e TOBa aa e ajno3ira kt>m lie. 94:14 (bjk. Btop. 31:6; I
Hape 12:22; III Hape 6:13; Jinan EpeM. 3:31-32). ToBa e KomcpeTeH OTroBop Ha Binpoca b cthx 1.
H „kohto e npefly3Haji" ToBa e oneBHAHa npenpaTKa kt>m roGHpaHeTO Ha H3paHji ot Bora. Bjk. 6ene5KKaTa
kbm 8:29. Ta3H (Jipa3a, KaKTO h CTHxoBe 4-6, Bp-binar MHCbjrra oGparao kt>m rnaBa 9. Kjhohit He e b ^enaTa
Ha IfepaHji, a b Eojkhh H36op. Bor e BepeH Ha oGemamuiTa ch 3apa^H Cboji xapaKTep, a He 3apa^H ycnexHTe
Ha H3paHji (bjk. E3eK. 36:22-32).
H „niicaHHeTO Ka3Ba" ToBa e npenpaTKa kt>m ncTopnaTa 3a GarcTBOTO Ha Hjihh ot E3aBen b III Hape 19:10,
KoaTO e cnoMeHaTa b 3 cthx.
11:4 „A3 cbm 3ana3iui 3a Ce6e ch ceaeM xiijuwi" Opa3aTa „3a Ce6e ch" He npncbCTBa b MacopeTCKna
eBpeiicKH TeKCT Ha III Hape 19: 18 (TlaBen He nnrapa hhto MT, hhto LXX), ho e AoGaBeHa ot IlaBeji, 3a m
ce no^epTae Eojkhh H36op. BepHHHT ocTarbK ot III LJape 19:18 ce onpe/iejui ot Eojkhh H36op, a He ot
(JtaKTa, ne ca OTKa3ajm #a ce noKjioiwT Ha Baan.
Te3aTa, kojito FlaBeji 3aiHHTaBa, e, ne Aopn cpeA HeBepHHH, noKjraHam ce Ha h^ojih H3paHji ot BpeMeTO
Ha Hjihh e HMano ManKa rpyna hcthhckh BapBamn. Taxa h no BpeMeTO Ha IlaBeji cbiho HMa BapBam
ocTaTiK cpeA lO^eHTe. Bt>b Bcaica enoxa hhkoh ot lo^eHTe ca OTKjiHKBanH Ha Bora c Bapa, a He c ynoBamie
Ha coGcTBeHHTe ch chjih. IlaBeji tbt>pah, ne Te3H BapBaiun lo^eH ca no^oyjiyiaHH ot Eo5KHHTa mhjioct h
Gjiaro^aT (ct. 5-6).
h „Ha Baan" TyK CLmECTBHTEJIHOTO e B MtaCKH POfl, a OIIPEflEJlHTEJlHHflT HJIEH e B DKEHCKH POJL ToBa
e Taica nopa/ni (JtaKra, ne lo^enTe CHCTeMHO ca H3noji3Bajra rjiacmiTe ot eBpeftcicaTa jsyma „cpaM" (bosheth),
KoaTO e b 3KEHCKH PO^;, npn 03ByHaBaHeT0 Ha ci>rjiacHHTe ot HMeHaTa Ha e3HHecKHTe GoroBe, 3a ^a ce
noAnrpaaT c tax.
11:5-6 Te3n CTnxoBe ca kjhohobh. Te CBi>p3BaT HacToanjaTa cnTyaiina c ^encTBHaTa Ha Bora b MHHanoTO,
3anncaHH b C3. Bpi>3KaTa e Bo5KHaT H36op, ocHOBaH Ha mhjioct (bmc. 9:15,16,18; 11:30,31,32). Eo5KHjrra
Gjiaro^aT HMa npeBec, ho h BapaTa Ha xopara e HeoGxoAHMa (bjk. MapK 1:15; Jlesams 3:16,19; 20:21), 6e3
oGane ^a ce ocHOBaBa hh Haft-Manico Ha HOBeniKH 3acjryrH (bjk. Eijiec. 2:8-9; II Thm. 1:9; Tht 3:5). Te3H
hcthhh HMaT KpHTHHHO 3HaneHHe 3a apryMeHTaiiHaTa Ha FlaBen b 9-11 rn.
11:6 „aKo" ToBa e YCJIOBHO H3PEHEHHE ot ElTsPBH kjiac, KoeTo ce cnnTa 3a AOCTOBepHo ot rneAnaTa Tonxa
Ha aBTopa hjih 3a HeroBHTe jiHTepaTypmi ijejiH. CnaceHneTO ce oci>mecTBaBa no Eo5khh Gjiaro/iaT (bjk.
6ejie5KKaTa kim 3:24, bjk. 6:23; Ecjtec. 2:8-9).
H KIV Ao6aBa ki>m cthx 6 3aKjnoHHTejiHaTa (J)pa3a: „Ho aKO Gt^e npe3 aena, to Bene He e Gnaroaar: HHane h
AejiOTO He e Bene rqjio". Ta3H (J)pa3a He ce cpema b noBeneTO ApeBHH rpmicH MaHycKpnnTH (P , N , A, C,
184
D, Q hjih P), hhto b ^peBHHTe jiaTHHCKH BepcHH, ho ABe BapHainiH Ha (J)pa3aTa ce noaBaBaT b
MaHycKpHnTHTe N c h B. UBS^ oneiM ronycKaHeTO Ha Ta3H (j)pa3a c „A" (cnrypHo).
IPITAT OT EBJITAPCKHfl DIPEBOfl BEPEH — 11:7-10
' ToraBa KaKBO? ItopaHji He nojiyHH OHOBa, KoeTO Ttpcenie, ho roGpamrre ro nonynnxa, a ocTaHajiHTe
6axa 3aKopaBeHH naiKQ jip jxhqc; ° KaKTO e nncaHo: ,,Bor hm h&h,q avx Ha 6e3HyBCTBHe, ohh - #a He BicK^aT
h yniH - pa He nyBaT, aopn h ro jxhqc." " H £I,aBHA ica3Ba: ,,Tpane3aTa hm HeKa ctzkq 3a Tax npHMica h
yjiOBKa, npem>HKa h OTnnaTa, ^ ^a ce noMpanaT OHHTe hm h ^a He Biciyiax h npeBHH ri>p6a hm 3aBHHarH."
IJHTAT OT AHDIHHCKHfl DIPEBOfl NASB — 11:7-10
^What then? What Israel is seeking, it has not obtained, but those who were chosen obtained it,
and the rest were hardened; ^just as it is written, „God gave them a spirit of stupor, Eyes to see not
and ears to hear not, Down to this very day." ^And David says, „Let their table become a snare and a
trap, And a stumbling block and a retribution to them. 10"Let their eyes be darkened to see not, And
bend their backs forever."
11:7 „ToBa, kbm kocto Hjpaiui ce CTpeMH, Hero He e nojiyHHji" Ha rpi>HKH Ta3H (Jtpa3a e nocTaBeHa b
HanajiOTO Ha H3peHeHHeTO, 3a ^a ce noA^epTae MHCbjrra Ha IlaBeji. Mhoto lo^eH ca ce CTpeMHjiH kbm
H3npaBHH OTHOineHHa c Bora, KaTO ca ce HaAflBanH ^a nocTHrHaT TOBa npe3 pejnirH03HH pHTyajiH, ona3BaHe
Ha eTHHnecKaTa HHCTOTa h ppyrn HOBenncH ycnjiHH. Te He ycnejm ^a nocrarHaT nejrra ch! Hmcoa njn>T
HHMa n& ce noxBanH npe/i Bora (bjk. I Kop. 1:29; Eijiec. 2:9).
H
NASB „ho OHC3H, kohto ca 6n.ni inopaim, ro nojiynnxa"
NKJV, NRSV „i«f)paiin re ro nojiyHiixa"
TEV „caMO ManKaTa rpyna, kohto Bor i«6pa, ro Haviepn"
JB „caMO MajiHiraaTa inSpami ro nojiynnxa"
ToBa e CTapo3aBeTHaTa KOHHenniM 3a „0CTaTbKa", kojito TyK ce OTHaca ki>m cqrqwiq xHjia/ni ot III
U,ape 19:18. Kjno x n>T He e b HOBennarre ycHjina, HainiOHajiHOCT hjih pejnirH03HOCT (ex 6), a Eo5KHHTa
GnarcmaT, /jeiicTBamaB H36HpaHeTO (bjk. Eijiec. 1:3-14).
e „ocTaHajiiiTe 6axa 3aKopaBejni" ToBa e ctpa/jatejieh aophct, H3iiBHTEJiHO hakjiohehhe (b>k. II Kop.
3:14). IIoApa36Hpa ce, ne rn e 3aicopaBHn Bor (bjk. 8-10 ex). IIocpeAHHKbT Ha 3aKopaB3BaHeTO e jimojYbT
(bjk. II Kop. 4:4). „3aKopaBejiH" (porno) e MeAHHHHCKHH TepMHH 3a 3arpy6aBaHe (o6pa3yBaHe Ha Ma30JiH)
hjih cjienoTa (bjk. Phmji. 11:25; II Kop. 3:14; Ecjtec. 4:18). Ci>ihhjit TepMHH e ynoTpeGeH no a/ipec Ha
anocTOJiHTe b MapK 6:52. Ta3H jxyma ce pa3JiHHaBa ot ynoTpeGeHaTa b 9:18 (skleruno), kohto HMa 3HaHeHHe
npoTHBonoji05KHO Ha AyMaTa „mhjioct" (bjk. EBp. 3:8,15; 4:7).
To3H cthx e MHoro aceH h o6o6maBa 11:1-6. IBtkoh, kohto ca 6hjih H36paHH, ca noBapBajm, apyrn,
kohto He ca 6hjih roGpami, ca 6hjih 3aKopaBeHH. Ilpn Bee TOBa, to3h cthx He e GorocjiOBCKH ji03yHr, nncaH
caM 3a ce6e ch. Toh e nacT ot no-o6nrapHa GorocjiOBCica /niCKycHH. Ci>mecTByBa Hanpe5KeHHe Me5iyiy
HCTHHaTa, acHO 3aaBeHa b to3h cthx h yHHBepcajiHaTa noicaHa b raaBa 10. TyK HMa HaKaKBa MHCTepna.
OTpHnaHeTO hjih OMajiOBa5KaBaHeTO Ha hhkoh ot npoTHBonojKWHHTe nojnocH Ha to3h napa^OKC He e
peniemie.
11:8-10 Te3H CTHxoBe ca inrraTH, B3eTH ot Hcaa 29:10 (ct. 8a), BTop. 29:4 (ex 8b, ho He ot MT hjih ot
LXX) h lie. 69:22-23 (ex 9-10). Te npaBHjiHO 0Tpa33BaT nproHBa h MHCHHTa Ha Hcaa cpe# GyHTOBHira
H3panji b 6:9-13. Hcaa e npe^CTaBaji Eo5KHeTO cjiobo, ho Eo5KHHTe xopa He mouth h He ncicajiH ^a
OTKjiHKHax KaKTO h b 9:13,15,17 IlaBeji othobo npHBe^a AOKa3aTejiCTBa ot C3 3a TOBa, ne Bor 3aKopaB3Ba
HaKOH xopa.
11:8
NASB, NKJV «Bor hm jmyt ayx Ha SejHyBCTBiie"
NRSV, JB «Bor hm flaae MyaeH ayx"
TEV «Bor npiiTtnn TexHiiTe yMOBe h ctpua"
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Ta3H rpmica jiyMa (katannxis), kosto b HejiHH H3 ce cpema caMO TyK, onncBa yxarmaHe ot HaceKOMO,
KoeTO npeAH3BHKBa TaKHBa chjihh ycemaHHH, ne npHTtiuiBa ceTHBaTa.
11:10 „HeKa OHiiTe iim StflaT noMpaHemi, 3a jx& He Biiac^aT 11 crtp6n rtpSoBeTe iim 3aBiiHarn" ToBa e
nOBEJIHTEJIEH IIACHBEH AOPHCT, n0CJie«BaH OT nOBEJIHTEJIEH AKTHBEH AOPHCT. ToBa OTHOBO e TaifflaTa
Ha Bo5khh cyBepemrreT h HeoGxoAHMOcrra Ha HOBennara oiroBop. Bor e H3TOHHHKa Ha bchhkh Hema,
HHHiiHaTopi>T Ha bchhko, h Bee naK, b CBoaTa cyBepeHHa bojih, Toh e nocTaHOBHji xopaTa, BeHem>T Ha
HeroBOTO TBopemie, cboGoaho ^a peinaBaT, KaK ^a My OTroBopax OHe3H, kohto He OTKjiHKHaT c Bapa GnBar
3aKopaBeHH b taxhoto HeBepne.
Tohho b T03H KOHTeKCT IlaBeji npeACTaBa Eojkhh BeneH nnaH 3a H3KynneHHe Ha bchhkh A^aMOBH
iiotomuh. HeBepneTO Ha K>Rewre me otboph BpaTaTa Ha BapaTa 3a e3HHHHHHTe h nocpe^CTBOM peBHOCTTa
me Bi>3CTaHOBH H3paHjieBHH Hapoa! Tcrna e nnaH 3a npnoGmaBaHe (bjk. Eijiec. 2:11-3:13), a He 3a
OTXBT>pjDiHe ! 3aKopaB3BaHeTO cjry5KH 3a yMH05KaBaHe Ha 5KeTBaTa!
IJHTAT OT EBJIIAPCKHfl IIPEBOfl BEPEH — 11:11-16
H ToraBa Ka3BaM: Cm>Haxa jih ce, 3a aa na/maT? J\a He 6i>Ae! Ho npe3 tjixhoto naaaHe AOH^e
cnaceHneTO Ha esHHHHHirre, 3a j\a rn noAOjvm kt>m peBHOCT. 1^ Ho axo taxhoto na/iaHe 03HaHaBa GoraTCTBO
3a CBeTa h TaxHaTa 3ary6a - GoraTCTBO 3a esHHHHUHie, kojiko noBene me 03HaHaBa tjixhoto m>jiHO
Bi>3CTaHOBaBaHe ! I-' 3amoTO Ha Bac, e3HHHHHHTe, Ka3BaM: Tbii KaTO ct>m anocTon Ha e3HHHHHHTe, a3 cjiaBa
CBoeTO cjry5iceHHe, 1^ r&wo Mora no mncaicbB HanHH ^a noAoyAa kt>m peBHOCT Te3H, kohto ca Moa njn>T, h ^a
cnaca hhkoh ot Tax. 1* 3amoTO, aKO thxhoto OTXBT>pjiaHe 03HanaBa npHMHpeHHe Ha CBeTa, KaKBO me 6i>flg
npneMaHeTO hm, axo He 5khbot ot MipTBHTe? 1" A aKO m>pBOTO ot TecTOTO e cbjito, to h hjuioto TecTO e
cbsto; h axo Kopem>T e cbat, to h kjiohhtc ca cbcth.
IJHTAT OT AHDIHHCKHfl IIPEBOfl NASB — 11:11-16
Hi say then, they did not stumble so as to fall, did they? May it never be! But by their
transgression salvation has come to the Gentiles, to make them jealous. l^Now if their transgression is
riches for the world and their failure is riches for the Gentiles, how much more will their fulfillment
be! l^But I am speaking to you who are Gentiles. Inasmuch then as I am an apostle of Gentiles, I
magnify my ministry, l^if somehow I might move to jealousy my fellow countrymen and save some of
them. l^For if their rejection is the reconciliation of the world, what will their acceptance be but life
from the dead? l^If the first piece of dough is holy, the lump is also; and if the root is holy, the
branches are too.
11:11 „ToraBa KajsaM" ToBa e ci>maTa peTopiraia (J)pa3a KaKTO h b 11:1. C Hea GorocnoBCKaTa mhcbji Ha
naBen neKO npoMeiw nocoKaTa ch. B CTHxoBe 1-10 HaynaBaMe, ne He bchhkh ot H3pann ca OTXBi>pjieHH, a b
CTHxoBe 11-24 OTXBT>pji!ffleTO Ha H3paHji He e BenHO h HMa onpe/ieJieHa neji. Hpe3 Hero ca npHoGmeHH
e3HHHHL(HTe.
H
NASB „He ca ce npenwiajiH TaKa, ne jja naflHar, Hanii?"
NKJV, NRSV „TaKa jih ca ce npentiiajiH, ne m iia/maT?"
TEV „KoraTO ca ce npentHanii, flaim ca iia/maim 3a cboh norn6eji?"
JB „3aniinarn jih ca naflHajm romeirre iijiii caMO ca ce cntHajni?"
noApa36Hpa ce, ne OTroBopiT Ha to3h Binpoc e „He". HeBepneTO Ha H3pann e BpeMeHHa CHTyauna.
NASB «*ipe3 thxhoto nperpemeHiie"
NKJV «*ipe3 thxhoto naaeHiie"
NRSV «*ipe3 thxhoto npentBaHe"
TEV „Te ctrpeuiHxa"
JB „thxhoto naaeHiie"
CnopeA KOHTeKCTa Te3H jiyuu ce OTHacaT ^o OTXBi>pjiaHeTO Ha Hcyc KaTO Mecna (bjk. ct. 12).
186
H „cnaceHiieTO e aouijio npn e3iiHHiiuiiTe" 3a wrqhtq ot I Beic en. Xp. TOBa e 6hjio HancTHHa inoioipamo
H3aBjieHHe (bjk. ct. 12; J{esmwi 13:46; 18:6; 22:21; 28:28).
e „fla ni iiauapa aa peBHyBaT" Eojkhjit nnaH 3a cnacemie ci>Ai>p5Ka jxbq ugjm (1) H3KynjieHHe 3a ujijioto
HOBenecTBo; h (2) B-bSBp-binaHe Ha KaeiHHH ce ocTarbK ot H3pami ki>m jnrma Bapa. JIhhho a3 He ct>m
cnrypeH ^ajm BTopaTa Heji BKjnoHBa rojiHMO KyieiiCKO ci>5KHBjieHHe b icpaa Ha ahhtc (bjk. 3ax. 12:10) hjih
ci>BpeMeHHHTe MecnaHCKH CHHarorn 6nxa Morjin %a ca H3m>jiHeHHe Ha TOBa oGeiHamie.
11:12-14 B Te3H CTHxoBe BioiyiaMe nopeflima ot necer YCJIOBHH HSPEHEHHil, onHCBamH Bp-b3Kara Me5iyiy
MAeiicKOTO HeBepne h e3HHecKaTa Bapa. CTHxoBe 12,14,15,16,17,18,21,24 ca YCJIOBHH H3PEHEHIM OT
m>PBH KJIAC, 3a kohto ce npneMa, ne ca AOCTOBepmi ot rjiemia TCraca Ha aBTopa hjih 3a nocTHraHe Ha
jiHTepaTypHHTe My uejm, AOKaTO 22 h 23 ct. ca YCJIOBHH H3PEHEHH51 OT TPETH KJIAC, kohto onncBaT
BI>3M05KHO 6l>AeiHO AeHCTBHC
11:12
NASB „kojiko noBene me 6tfle thxhoto mntjiHeHiie"
NKJV „kojiko noBene THXHara ntjiHOTa"
NRSV „kojiko noBene me jHanii ntjiHOTO iim npiioSmaBaHe"
TEV „kojiko no-rojiHMO me Stfle SjiarocnoBemieTO, KoraTO ce bkjiiohii hiwihoto hiicjio Ha wmenTe"
JB „noMiicjieTe kojiko noBene nojwa me iiMa ot oSptmeraieTO Ha bchhkh thx"
KjnoHOBHHT Binpoc npn rbjiKyBaHeTO TyK e 3HaHeHHeTO Ha H3pa3a „TaxHaTa m>jiHOTa". J],ajiH CTaBa
Binpoc 3a (1) TOBa, ne Kweirre me ce cnaoreaT, CTHxoBe 14b, 26a, hjih 3a (2) m>jiHHJiT onpeaejieH 6poii Ha
H36paHHTe lO^eH H eSHHHHHH?
11:13 „roBopa Ha sac, kohto CTe c3hhhhhh" TjiaBH 9-11 o6pa3yBaT jiHTepaTypHa eainnma, kohto
OTroBapa Ha Binpoca „3amo KweHCKHHT Mecna Genie OTXBi>pjieH ot KweHTe?". Ci>meBpeMeHHO, ocTaBa
HeacHO KaKBO e noATHKHajio IlaBeji ^a ce 3aHHMaBa c to3h Binpoc tohho b TOBa nncMO h to tohho b Ta3H
HaCT OT H3JI05KeHHeTO CH.
CTHxoBe 13-24 h 25c H3rjie5K/ia 0Tpa33BaT npoGjieM b pHMCKaTa irbpKBa, Bi>3HHKHaji Me5Kny
eTHHHecKHTe lo^eH h e3HHHHHHTe. He e scho, nairn ce Kacae 3a npoTHBopenHe Me^Kjiy BapBamii e3HHHHHH h
BapBamn lo^eH hjih Me^Kjiy BapBamii e3HHinmH h HeBapBamii KweH (npeACTaBHTejm Ha CHHaroraTa).
H „a3 cbm anocTOJi Ha e3HHnnuHTe" IlaBeji e ycemaji, ne Hiia ymncajiHO nproBamie aa cjiy5KH Ha
e3iPiecKHJi cbht (bjk. Jlesnnw 9:15; 22:21; 26:17; Phmji. 1:5; 15:16; Taji. 1:16; 2:7,9; I Thm. 2:7; II Thm.
4:17).
H
NASB, NKJV „a3 npeBB3HacHM cjiyacemieTO ch"
NRSV „npocjiaBHM cnyacemieTO ch"
TEV „ropflea ce c paSoTaTa ch"
JB „ii ce rop/iea c TOBa, ne cbm npaTeH"
flyMaTa „npeBi>3HacjiM" 6h MorbJi aa 03HaHaBa: (1) GjiaroaapHOCT; (2) ropaocT ot Hemo; hjih,
bi>3mo5kho, (3) npaBa Haii-Ao6poTO, KoeTO Mora c Hemo. ToBa ci>mo 6h mouio ^a e OTpajKemie Ha npoGjieM b
pHMCKaTa utpicBa! IlaBeji (1) ce pa^Ba, ne M05Ke #a cjry5KH Ha e3H i iHHHHTe hjih (2) rjie/ia Ha cjry5KeHHeTO ch
Kara Ha cpe^CTBO 3a npeAH3BHKBaHe Ha peBHOCT y Kweirre, KoeTO Ha cboh pea rn boah ki>m cnaceHHe (bjk.
ct. 11,14 h 9:1-3).
11:14 „aa cnaca hhkoii ot thx" ToBa e eBaHrejiH3aTopcKOTO npH3BaHHe Ha IlaBeji. Toil e pasGnpaji, ne
e^HH me OTKjiHKHaT Ha nponoBa/iBaHOTO GjiaroBecrae (bjk. I Kop. 1:21), a jxpyru - He (bjk. I Kop. 9:22).
ToBa e TainiaTa Ha H36npaHeTO (b C3 h H3)!
11:15 OTXBi>pjiJiHeTO Ha CTapo3aBeTHHa H36paH HapoA - H3panji, e nacT ot Bo5KHa njiaH 3a H3KynjieHHeTO
Ha uajioTO HOBenecTBO (kosmos). CeGenpaBeAHOCTra, HaiiHOHajiHaTa aporaHTHOCT h jierajiH3Mi>T ho lo^eHTe
acHO noA^epTaBaT Hy^aTa ot Bapa (bjk. 9:30-33). BapaTa b YHWH h b HeroBHH Mecna e Kjnona ki>m
npaBHjiHHTe OTHonieHHa c Bora, a He GjiaronecTHBHTe ^ejia. Ho He 6nBa ^a ce 3a6paBa, ne OTXBi>pjiJiHeTO Ha
187
H3panji HMa eiiHa ueji - H3KynneHHeT0 Ha uejiHa HOBeniKH poji. Hhkoh HaMa ocHOBaHHa 3a ropAOCT - hhto
e3HHHHL(HTe, hhto KweHTe. Ohcbh^ho TOBa e nocnaHHeTO, ot KoeTO irbpKBaTa b Phm ce e wyamaenal
h „npiiMiipeHiieTO Ha CBeTa" Ta3H (J>pa3a e Gotocjiobckh napanejma c „Eo5KHaTa npaBeiiHOCT". H3pa3i>T
H£Ba ot kata h alcisso (npoMeiwM, npeo6pa3aBaM). CTaBa BMipoc 3a npexoA ot Bpa5K/ie6HOCT ki>m mhp h,
cneAOBaTejiHO, Bi>3CTaHOBaBaHe Ha GjiarocKjiOHHOCTra (bjk. Phmji. 5:11; 11:15; II Kop. 5:18,19). Bor ce
CTpeMH kt>m Bi>3o6HOBaBaHe Ha oGmeHHeTO ot Ejkm. EpextT e pa3pyniHJi Te3H OTHonieHHa, ho Xphctoc e
Bi>3CTaHOBHji Eo5khh o6pa3 b najiHajiOTO HOBenecTBO a3 bchhkh, kohto BapBaT b Hero. Te ca npHMHpemi h
npneTH (npHjnnca etc cthx 15). HoBenecTBOTO He e Morno && Bi>3CTaHOBH Ta3H 6jih30Ct, ho Bor ro e
HanpaBHji!
11:16 „aKO ntpsaTa nacT om mecmomo Stae CBHTa" ToBa e YCJIOBHO H3PEHEHHE OT ntPBH KJIAC, 3a
KoeTO ce npneMa, ne e AOCTOBepHO ot rjieima TOHKa Ha aBTopa hjih 3a nocTHraHe Ha jiHTepaTypHHTe My
uejiH. HanncaHOTO e ajno3Ha kt>m Hhc. 15:17-21. ToBa e MeTacJtopa, cxo^Ha etc CTapo3aBeTHaTa KOHuenuHa
3a m>pBHTe njioflOBe, kohto ce js$Bm na Eocnoaa, 3a ^a ce noica5Ke, ne uajiaTa peKOJiTa npHHa;uie5KH Ha
Hero.
B ^peBHOCTTa, ocTarbK-bT ot BapBanni lo^eH e oica3Ban BjiHamie Bipxy uajiaTa Haima (bjk. Earae 18:27-
33; II JleT 7:14). MeTacJtopaTa 3a ,,m>pBaTa nacr' e napajiejma Ha ..KopeHa" (bjk. EpeM. 11:16-17), KaTO h
ABeTe onncBaT BapBanncre ropaHjrraHH, b nacTHOCT - naTpnapcHTe ot CTapna 3aBeT (bjk. ct. 28).
HHTAT OT EtJITAPCKHfl nPEBOfl B£P£W — 11:17-24
1 ' Ho aKO H3K0H kjiohh ca 6hjih OTpa3aHH h th, Ghjkhkh ^HBa MacjiHHa, ch 6hji npHca^eH MesKiiy Tax h
3aeAHO c Tax ch cnoiiejiHji KopeHa h TjiicTHHaTa Ha MacnHHaTa, *-° He ce xBajin cpenry KjioHHTe. Ho aico ce
xBajiHin, 3Haii, ne He th ;n>p5KHin KopeHa, a Kopem>T - Te6. *" Ho me Ka5Keni: Eaxa oipa3aHH kjiohh, 3a r&
6i>Jia npncajieH a3. ^0 ^o6pe! Te 6axa oipa3aHH nopaiiH HeBepne, a th ctohiii nopaAH Bapa. He 6i>jih
BHCOKOMepeH, a ce 6oii. -^ 3amoTO, aKO Bor He no maim ecTecTBemrre kjiohh, HaMa j\& no maim h Te6. *■*■
Bh5k ToraBa GnarocTra h ciporocTTa Eo5Kna: ciporocT ki>m najiHajiHTe, a Bo5KecTBeHa GnarocT ki>m Te6, aKO
ocTaHein b GnarocTra; HHane h th me GtJieni OTceneH. -" TaKa h Te, aKO He ocTaHaT b HeBepne, me 6i>JiaT
npncajieHH; 3amoTO Bor M05Ke j\a rn npneaim othobo. ■" noHe5Ke, aKO th ch 6hji OTceneH ot j^HBaTa no
npnpojia MacjiHHa h npoTHBHO Ha ecTecTBOTO ch 6hji npncajieH Ha nHTOMHa MacjiHHa, to kojiko noBene
Te3H, kohto ca ecTecTBeHH kjiohh, me 6i>JiaT npncajieHH Ha CBoaTa coGcTBeHa MacjiHHa!
HHTAT OT AHDIHHCKHJI HVEBORNASB — 11:17-24
l^But if some of the branches were broken off, and you, being a wild olive, were grafted in among
them and became partaker with them of the rich root of the olive tree, l**do no t be arrogant toward
the branches; but if you are arrogant, remember that it is not you who supports the root, but the root
supports you. l^You will say then, „Branches were broken off so that I might be grafted in." 20Q u jt e
right, they were broken off for their unbelief, but you stand by your faith. Do not be conceited, but
fear; 21for if God did not spare the natural branches, He will not spare you, either. ^Behold then the
kindness and severity of God; to those who fell, severity, but to you, God's kindness, if you continue in
His kindness; otherwise you also will be cut off. ^Axv\ they also, if they do not continue in their
unbelief, will be grafted in, for God is able to graft them in again. 24p or jf y OU were cu t off from what
is by nature a wild olive tree, and were grafted contrary to nature into a cultivated olive tree, how
much more will these who are the natural branches be grafted into their own olive tree?
11:17 „aKo" B>k. 6eji. ki>m 11:12-14.
H „KjiOHiiTe 6axa OTHynemi" CTaBa Binpoc 3a HeBapBaimrre H3paHjiTaHH (bjk. ct. 18,19, „ecTecTBeHHTe
kjiohh", cthx 21).
H „jjiiBaTa MacjniHa" CTaBa BMipoc 3a noBapBajiHTe e3H x iHHHH, kohto ca OTKjnncHajiH Ha eBaHrejicicaTa
nponoBejj,.
H „npncaaeH" IlaBeji npoAtiracaBa 3eMeaejiCKaTa MeTacJtopa, 3anoHHaTa b cthx 16. Amjia/iHCBaHeTO Ha
nHTOMHa MacnHHa c mmu kjiohkh e BO/ieno ao noBHinaBaHe Ha Ao6nBa (bjk. ct. 24).
H „MacjiiiHOBOTO fltpBo" MacjiHHaTa e chmboji Ha Hspann KaTO HauHa (bjk. ct. 24; lie. 52:8; 128:3; EpeM.
11:16; Ocna 14:6). Tcrna e BTopaTa CTapo3aBeTHa MeTaiJtopa Ha IlaBeji, onHCBama OTHonieHHaTa Me^Kjiy
KIRCH H e3HHHHL(H.
11:18 „He ce aptac HaaivieHHO etc kjiohhtc" Opa3aTa e b HMnEPATHB, CEFAfflHO BPEME c OTPHUATEJIHA
^lACTHUA, KOHCTpyKHHH, KoaTO oGhkhobcho 03HaHaBa npeKpaTaBaHe Ha /ieHCTBHe, kocto Bene ce H3Bi>pniBa.
To3H cthx, KaKTO h cthxobc 13, 20 h 25 hh noACKa3Bar, ne b LfbpKBaTa b Phm e HMano npo6neMH uemjiy
lO^eHTe H e3HHHHL(HTe.
11:19-20 Cthx 19 e ome e/iHa (JiHunnHKa (c npe/monaraeM onoHeHT). IlaBeji pa3acHaBa 3amo KyieHre ca
6hjih OTXBi>pjieHH - 3apa/ni HeBepneTO hm, a He 3amoTO e3HHHHHHTe ca 6hjih npeAnoHeTemi! E/niHCTBeHaTa
npHHHHa e3HHHHiiHTe aa Gt^aT ^onycHaTH e Eo5KHaTa mhjioct (bjk. EHrae 3:15) h TaxHaTa Bapa! OcBeH
TOBa Te 6nxa mouth aa npe/iH3BHKaT 3aBpT>maHe Ha K>,neHTe kt>m Bora nopa/iH peBHOCT (bjk. ct. 11,14).
11:20
NASB „ho tii ctoiiui nopaflii CBOHTa Bapa"
NKJV „a tii ctoiiui npe3 B«pa"
NRSV „a tii ctoiiui caivio upe3 Bapa"
TEV „tii ocTasaui 3amoTO BapBaui"
JB „aKo ome ce atpaciiui jflpaso, e caMO Sjiaroflapemie Ha Bapara tii"
ToBa e nEPOEKT, akthbeh 3AJior, H35ffiHTEJiHO hakjiohehhe. Ci»meBpeMeHHo, (J>pa3aTa ce noaBaBa b
KOHTeKCTa ot rqcqt ycJIOBHH H3PE4EHHM. HanieTO nono5KeHHe npea Bora e h npoAtiracaBa aa Gt/ie npe3
Bapa. Ako enpe BapaTa, to me cnpeM h ,aa ctohm. CnaceHHeTO e (1) mpBOHanajiHO OTKjiHKBaHe c Bapa; (2)
CbCToaHHe Ha npe6i>ABaHe bt>b Bapa; (3) npoAtiracaBam npouec Ha BapBaHe; h (4) OKOHHaTejraa KyjTMHHauHa
Ha BapaTa. IIa3eTe ce ot GorocjiOBCKH chctcmh, kohto ce KOHueHrpHpaT caMO Ha e/iHa ot Te3H GnGneHCKH
hcthhh. B)K. CnEU,HAJIHO nOH3THE KbM 10:4.
Eor e aBTopiT, HHHHHaTopT>T. Toft e to3h, kohto nojijxvpsK& h OKOHnaTenHHa H3BT>pniHTeji Ha
CnaceHHeTO, ho Toh cne/iBa 3aBeTHHa MO/ien. Toft e peninji, ne rpeniHOTO HOBenecTBO TpaGBa ,aa OTKjiHKHe h
Aa npo^tiDKaBa jia OTKjiHKBa c noicaaHHe h Bapa bt>b BcaKa crbnKa ot npoueca.
NASB „He ce npeBKmacHH, a ce 6oh"
NKJV „He Stflii BucoKoiviepeH, a ce 6oh"
NRSV „He CTaBaii ropa, a SjiaroroBeiT'
TEV „Ho He ce BB3ropflHBai"i ot TOBa, a no-flo6pe ce 6oh"
JB „ToBa 6n TpaSBano jx& Te boaii He kbm ropaocT, a kbm CTpax"
H ABeTe TB-bpaeHHa ca B HMnEPATHB, CErAIIIHO BPEME. HbpBOTO CbAi>p5Ka H OTPHIIATEJIHATA
'iACTHHA, KoeTO oGHKHOBeHO 03HaHaBa npeKpaTaBaHe Ha AeiicTBHe, KoeTO Bene ce H3Bi>pniBa. ToBa hh
OTKpHBa ecTecTBOTO Ha npoGneMa b pHMCKaTa iitpKBa. ITpHnHHara 3a CTpaxa e noconeHa b cthx 21.
11:21 „hhto iue nouiaflii Te6" KaKTO Hspann e OTCTbnHji h ce e OTAanenHji ot YHWH b rop^ocT h
HeBepne, b cne/iCTBHe Ha KoeTO e 6hji OTpa3aH, Taxa h irtpicBaTa me Gt/ie OTpa3aHa, aKO HanycHe BapaTa b
Xphctoc h ce otkjiohh b ropaocT h ceGenpaBe/iHOCT. ITbpBOHaHajiHaTa Bapa TpaGBa aa Gt/ie nocjie/iBaHa ot
Bapa, KoaTO onpe/iejia HanHHa Ha 5khbot (bjk. MaTeii 13:1-23; Mapic 4:1-12; JlyKa 8:4-10). TpaGBa
HenpecTaHHO ^a ce npoTHBHM Ha ropAOcrra. ToBa, KoeTO CMe, e /iap ot Eo5KHaTa Gnaro/iaT h bchhkh, kohto
no/ioGHO Ha Hac ynoBaBaT Ha Xphctoc ca Hanra 6paTa!
11:22 „6jiarocTTa h crporocTra Ha Bora" Eo5KHHTe ni>THma BHHarn H3rae5KAaT napaAOKcanHH 3a
naAHanoTO HOBenecTBO (bjk. Hcaa 55:8-11). PenieHHaTa hh ca CBi>p3aHH c nocneACTBHa. Eo5KHaT H36op He
OManoBa5KaBa HOBeniKaTa ottobophoct. HsGnpaHeTO Ha Hapo/ia Hspann He e 6hjio rapaHiina 3a cnacemieTO
Ha BCeKH OT^ejieH H3paHJITaHHH.
e „aKO npofltjiacHui b HeroBaTa SjiarocT" ToBa e YCJIOBHO H3PEHEHHE OT TPETH KJIAC, KoeTO ci.Ai>p5Ka
189
rjiaron b CErAfflHO BPEME, nO^HHHTEJIHO HAKJIOHEHHE. Ta3H KOHCTpyKHHa noflCKa3Ba, ne npefl
e3iwHHiiHTe e nocTaBeHO ycjiOBHe - nocTOaHCTBaHeTO bi>b Bapara (jipyraTa cipaHa Ha Bojkhji cyBepeHHTeT
ot Phmji. 9); TpaGBa ^a CMe npHjie5KHH b cbxpaiMBaHeTO Ha Bapara (bjk. Ohji. 2:12-13). CTaBa BMipoc 3a
nocToaHCTBOTO KaKxo Ha rpynaTa, Taica h Ha OT^ejiHiia hh^hbha (bjk. Tan. 6:9; Otkp. 2:7,17; 3:6,13,22).
ToBa e TaiiHaTa Ha Hanpe5KeHHeTO, ci>mecTByBamo b EnGjinaTa ue^Kjiy HH/iHBH/iyajiH3Ma h KoneKTHBHOCTTa.
Jlamsmi ca hh KaKTO oGemaHHa (ocHOBaHH Ha Eojkhh xapaKTep), TaKa h ycnoBHH 3aBeTH (3aBHceimi ot
HOBeniKaTa peaKima). B>k. CnEIJHAJIHO nOHilTHE: HY)KflATA flA YCTOflBAME kim 8:25.
11:23 To3H cthx cnejipa rpaManpiecKHa h Gotocjiobckh MO^eji ot cthx 22. Ako lO^eHTe ce noicaaT h
noBapBaT, Te ci>mo me Gi^aT npnoGmeHH. Ako esHHHHHirre npecTaHaT %a BapBaT h Te me Gi^aT
OTXBi>pjieHH (bjk. ct. 20). nipBOHaHajiHaTa Bapa b Xphctoc h nocToaHCTBaHeTO b Ta3H Bapa e kjiiohobo h 3a
e^HHTe h 3a apyrHTe.
HHTAT OT EBJirAPCKHfl nPEBOfl BEPEH — 11:25-32
25 3amoTO, 6paTa, He ncicaM aa He 3HaeTe Ta3H Tainia - 3a ^a He ce MHCJiHTe 3a mi>aph - ne nacTiwHO
3aKopaBaBaHe cnoneTa H3paHji, ^OKaTO Bjie3e m>jiHHaT 6poii Ha esHHHHHirre. 26 H TaKa, nejmaT H3paiui me
ce cnacH, KaKTO e nncaHo: „H36aBHTejiaT me Aoime ot Choh, Toh me OTBipHe 6e36o5KHeTO ot .Hkob; ^' h
TOBa e 3a Tax 3aBeT ot MeH, KoraTO OTHeMa rpexoBeTe hm." ^° IHo ce oraaca pp GnaroBecTHeTO, Te ca
HenpnaTejiH 3apa^H Bac, ho mo ce oraaca jip H36npaHeTO, Te ca Bi>3Jiio6eHH 3apa^H OTHirre. ™ 3amoTO
AapoBeTe h npH3BaHHeTO ot Bora ca HeoTMemiMH. ^v 3amoTO, KaKTO BHe HaKora He 6axTe noKopmi Ha Bora,
ho cera npe3 TaxHOTO HenoKopcTBO CTe npn/ioGHjiH mhjioct, -'•'■ TaKa h Te cera He ca noKopHH, 3a j\a
npHAoGnaT ci>mo mhjioct npe3 noKa3aHaTa kbm Bac mhjioct. 32 3amoTO Bor 3aTBopn bchhkh b
HenoKopcTBO, 3a ji,a M05Ke ki>m bchhkh %a noKa5Ke mhjioct.
HHTAT OT AHDIHHCKHJI nPEBOfl NASB — 11 :25-32
25For I do not want you, brethren, to be uninformed of this mystery — so that you will not be wise
in your own estimation — that a partial hardening has happened to Israel until the fullness of the
Gentiles has come in; 26^^ so a n. Israel will be saved; just as it is written, „The Deliverer will come
from Zion, He will remove ungodliness from Jacob." 27"This is My covenant with them, When I take
away their sins." 28F rom the standpoint of the gospel they are enemies for your sake, but from the
standpoint of God's choice they are beloved for the sake of the fathers; 29f or the gifts and the calling of
God are irrevocable, -^por just as you once were disobedient to God, but now have been shown mercy
because of their disobedience, 31 so these also now have been disobedient, that because of the mercy
shown to you they also may now be shown mercy. ^2p or God has shut up all in disobedience so that He
may show mercy to all.
11:25 „He ncKavi, Spara, jx& ocTaHeTe b HeBeaemie" To3h h^hom e npncbm 3a IlaBeji (bjk. 1:13; I Kop.
10:1; 12:1; II Kop. 1:8; I Coji. 4:13). C Hero ce Bi>Be5KAaT Ba5KHH /nicicycHH. PojiaTa My e cxomia c Ta3H Ha
HcycoBaTa (J)pa3a „HcTHHa, HCTHHa". Taica IlaBeji 03HaHaBa npexo^a ki>m HOBa TeMa.
H
NASB, NKJV, NRSV „TaflHa"
TEV „CKpiiTa HCTHHa"
JB „CKpiiTa npiiHima 3a bciihko TOBa'
| CnELtiiAJiHO noHflTHE: TAHHA
Bo5KHaT Bceo6xBaTeH 3aMHCi>ji 3a H3KynjieHHeTO Ha HOBenecTBOTO npe/nnecTBa Aopn h
rpexona/ieHHeTO (bjk. Earae 3 rji.). Hjikoh ejieMeHTH ot to3h njiaH ca pa3icpHTH ome b C3 (bjk. Earae
3:15; 12:3; H3x. 19:5-6; h naca5KHTe b npopoHirre, roBopenni 3a H3KynjieHHeTO Ha Hejma CBaT). B
ci>moTO BpeMe, HajiocTHHaT njiaH He e 6hji pa3KpHT (bjk. I Kop. 2:6-8). C H^BaHeTO Ha Hcyc h Ha
190
flyxa no/ipoGHOCTHTe CTaBa no-oneBHAHH. IlaBeji H3noji3Ba TepMHHa „MHCTepHa", 3a ^a omnne
Uhjiocthhji cnacHTeneH nnaH (bjk. I Kop. 4:1; Eijiec. 6:19; Kan. 4:3; I Thm. 1:9). B yncvrpeGaTa Ha
TepMHHa HMa hhkojtko ochobhh moaHca:
1. HacTHHHO 3aKopaBaBaHe Ha Hspann, cnoco6cTBamo 3a npneMaHeTO Ha esHHHHuirre.
npHTOKu Ha ^hhhhhh e MexaHH3i>M, kohto no^THKBa Kweirre pa npneMaT Hcyc KaTO
XpncTOC ot npopoHecTBaTa (bjk. Phmji. 11:25-32).
2. EBaHrejineTO e npe^CTaBeHO Ha HapoAHre, kohto ca npHo6meHH b Xphctoc h npe3
XpncTOC (bjk. Phmji. 16:25-27; Koji. 2:2).
3. HoBHTe Tena Ha BapBamirre npn Btopoto npHinecTBHe (bjk. I Kop. 15:5-57; I Con. 4:13-
18).
4. OGeflHHHBaHeTO na bchhko b Xphctoc (bjk. Eijiec. 1:8-11).
5. E3hhhhl(h h lo^eH ca cbHacjieAHHHH (bjk. Ecjiec. 2:11-3:13).
6. EjiH30CTTa Ha B3aHMOOTHOiiieHHaTa Me5K/iy Xphctoc h iitpKBaTa, onncaHH C H3pa3H OT
GpanHHTe OTHonieHHa (bjk. Eijiec. 5:22-33).
7. E3HHHHL(HTe ca BKjiioHeHH b 3aBeTHHa Hapon; flyxtT Ha Xphctoc oGnraBa B THX H
npoH3Be5K/ia b Tax xpHCTono/ioGHa 3pajiocT, c npyrn jxymn - Bi>3CTaHOBaBa pa3pyiiieHHa
Eo5kh o6pa3 b naAHanoTO b rpax HOBenecTBO (bjk. EHrae 6:5,11-13; 8:21), o6pa3a Ha
EoraB HOBeKa(B5K. EHrae 1:26-27; 5:1; 9:6; Koji. 1:26-28).
8. Ahthxphct, kohto npe^CTOH ^a ce sbh b Kpaa Ha BpeMeHaTa (bjk. II Coji. 2:1-11).
9. 06o6meHHe Ha TainiaTa b paHHaTa iitpicBa OTicpHBaMe b I Thm. 3:16.
H „aa He 6n aa ce noMiicjniTe 3a Mtflpn b coScTBemrre en ohii" ToBa e ome czjhh HaMeK 3a
Hanpe5KeHHeTO, CBinecTByBajio b pHMCKaTa HbpKBa (bjk. ct. 18).
H
NASB „HacTiiHHO jaKopaBjraaHe ce e cjiyniijio Ha H3pa11.11"
NKJV „3aKopaBHBaHe OTnacTii ce e cjiyniuio Ha H3pa11.11"
NRSV „3aKopaBHBaHe e aouijio Btpxy nacT ot H3paiui"
TEV „ynopcTBOTO Ha HjpaiuieBiiH Hapoa Hsrvia jxa e hoctohhho"
JB ,,eflHa nacT ot Hjpaiui e ocjieneHa"
ToBa TB-bp^eHHe Tpa6Ba ^a ce pa3rjie5iyia b KonreKCTa Ha uajiaTa raaBa 1 1 . BHHarn e HMajio h me HMa h
b Gi^eine BapBamii wmen. Ta3H nacTHHHa cjienoTa, npeAH3BincaHa ot Bora (ct. 8-10) nopa/ni TOBa, ne
Kweirre ca otxbi>pjihjih Hcyc, ci>mo nacBa b Eo5KHa njiaH 3a H3KynjieHHe Ha uajiOTO HOBenecTBO. Eor e
oGemaji cnaceHHe Ha bchhkh (bjk. EHrae 3:15). Ton e H36paji ABpaaM, 3a #a AOCTHrae ao bchhkh (bjk.
EnTHe 12:3). Toft e roGpaji H3panji, 3a ^a AOcrarHe ao bchhkh (bjk. H3x. 19:5-6). IfepaHji ce e npoBajinji b
H3ni>jiHeHHeTO Ha MHcnaTa ch nopa/ni rop^ocT, HeBapHOCT h jinnca Ha Bapa. Eor e HCKaji ^a AOCTHine
e3HHecKHa cbht KaTO GjiarocjiaBa H3panji (bjk. BTopo3aKOHHe 27-29 ra.). H3panji He e ycnaji ^a H3ni>jiHH
3aBeTa, 3aTOBa Eor e ronparaji Bi>pxy to3h HapoA BpeMemio oci>5KAeHHe. Ti>kmo TOBa od>5iyieHHe e
H3noji3BaHO ot Bora 3a H3ni>jiHeHHe Ha mpBOHaHajiHiia My 3aMHCi>ji 3a H3KynjieHHe Ha uajiOTO HOBenecTBO
npe3 Bapa (bjk. ct. 30-31; E3eK. 36:22-38).
H „flOKaTO Bjie3e mwiHOTaTa Ha e3iiHHiiHiiTe" CbiiniaT TepMHH (pleroma) ce H3noji3Ba b cthx 12 3a
lO^eHTe. H ABaTa craxa roBopaT 3a Eo5KHeTO npeay3HaHHe h H36op. flyMaTa „AOKaTo" noica3Ba, ne nepnofla
Ha esHHHHiiHTe e orpamiHeH bi>b BpeMeTO (bjk. JlyKa 21:24).
11:26 „HejniHT Hjpaiui me Stfle cnaceH" HMa ABe bi>3M05khh TbjncyBaHHa - CTaBa Binpoc hjih (1) 3a
H3panji KaTO HapoA - He BceKH OT/iejieH hh^hbha, ho Gojihihhctboto ot Tax b e/niH onpe/iejieH
HCTopHnecKH MOMeHT, hjih (2), b HaKaKbB CMHCbJi, 3a ^yxoBHHa H3panji - iitpKBaTa. naBeji H3nOJI3Ba Ta3H
KOHiieniiHa b Phmji. 2:28-29 h b Taji. 6:16; cpemaMe a h b I nerbp 2:5,9 h Oncp. 1:6. „Hi>jihoto hhcjio Ha
KweHre" b cthx 12 h „ni>jiHOTO hhcjio Ha esHHHHiiHTe" b cthx 25 ch KopecnoH/nipar noMe5KJry ch. CTaBa
Binpoc 3a „bchhkh", b CMHCiJia Ha „H36paHHTe ot Bora", a He b CMHCiJia Ha „BceKH hhahbha".
MacjiHHOBOTO ai>Pbo Ha oGemaHHeTO emm pen me Gt^e uajiocTHO h 3aBi>pHieHO.
HaKOH TtjiKyBaTejiH HacToaBaT, ne ipaGBa ^a CTaBa Binpoc ccimo 3a Hapo/ia H3panji, nopa^H (1)
KOHTeKCTa Ha 9-11 rji.; (2) CTapo3aBeTHHTe uirraTH b CTHxoBe 26-27; h (3) acHOTO TBip/ieHHe b cthx 28. Eor
Bee ome oGnna ecTecTBemrre noTOMiin Ha ABpaaM h 5Kejiae TaxHOTO cnaceHHe! Ho h Te TpaGBa ^a AOH/iaT
191
npe3 Bapa b Xphctoc (3ax. 12:10).
J\ajm Kweirre, kohto ca 6hjih ,,3aKopaBeHH", me HMaT hob inaHC b Kpaa Ha BpeMeHaTa, e Binpoc, Ha
kohto He M05KeM na OTroBopHM bi>3 ocHOBa Ha to3h TeKCx HainaTa KyjnypHa cpena hh nonxHKBa na
3aaaBaMe HHniiBHnyajniCTHHHH BinpocH, ^OKaTO EnGjinaTa npeniiMHO pa3rjie5iyia oGihhocth. Bchhkh
nonoGmi BinpocH TpaGBa na Gtnar ocTaBeHH caMO Ha Bora. Toft oGnna CBoeTO TBopemie h HaMa na
OHenpaBnae mncoa HeroBa nacT!
H „KaKTO e niicaHo" Ta3H (Jtpa3a ce oraaca no j&ma niiTaTa ot Hcaa 59:20-21 (ex 26) h 27:9 (ex 27) bi>b
BapnaHTa Ha CenTyarHHTaTa. MexaHH3Mi>T Ha cnacemieTO e BapaTa b Hcyc MecnaTa. IIjiaH „E" ne
CbmecTByBa - HMa caMO nnaH ,,A". HMa caMO e/niH itbt 3a cnacemie (bjk. HoaH 10:7-18; 11:25-29; 14:6).
11:27 Hcaa 27:9, kohto e mrrapaH b 27 ex, CBneTaBa Bi>3CTaHOBaBaHeTO Ha H3paHji b oGemaHaTa 3eMa (ex
1-11) c noKaHa ki>m TpanHmiOHmia npoTHBHHK- e3HHecKHTe Haponii, na Gtne npnoGmeH ci>iho (bjk. ex 12-
13). Ako TOBa Bi>3CTaHOBaBaHe e GyKBajiHO, ToraBa H3m>jiHeHHeTO Ha TOBa npoponecTBO M05Ke na e
XnjianojieTHOTO napcTBO. Ako Bi>3CTaHOBaBaHeTO e (JmrypaTHBHO, ToraBa H3m>jiHemieTO e HOBHaT 3aBeT -
TaiiHaTa Ha GnaroBecraeTO, b KoeTO ioneH h e3n T iHHmi ce ci>enHHaBaT b oGmara Bapa b Bo5KHa Mecna (bjk.
Eijiec. 2:11-3:13). Tpy/rao e na ce npenemi. HaKOH ot npoponecTBara b C3 ce OTHacaT kt>m HOB03aBeTHaTa
LTbpKBa. Bor e BepeH na H3m>jimi oGeinamiaTa ch, nppH KoraTO xopaTa ca HeBepHH (bjk. E3eK. 36:22-36).
11:28 To3h cthx OTpa3aBa nBOHCTBemia xapaKTep Ha roGiipaHeTo: (1) b C3 roGiipaHeTO e 3a cnyaceHne -
Bor e roGnpan HOBeimoiTe HHCTpyMeHTH 3a H3m>jiHeHHe Ha HeroBOTO HaMepeHHe 3a cnacemie Ha najioTO
HOBenecTBo; (2) b H3 H36HpaHeTO e CBi>p3aHO c GjiaroBecTHeTO h BenHOTO cnaceHHe. KpaimaTa neji BHHarn
e Gnna cnacemieTO Ha bchhkh xopa, Cb3nanemi no Eo5Kna o6pa3 (bjk. Emne 3:15).
Bor e BepeH Ha oGeinamiaTa ch. ToBa Ba5KH KaKTO 3a BapBannrre ot C3, TaKa h 3a CBeTHHTe ot H3.
Kjhohit e bi>b BepHOCTTa Ha Bora, a He Ha HOBenecTBOTO. Eo5KHaTa mhjioct, a He ycneiimoTO npencTaBaHe
Ha xopaTa. HsGnpaHeTO cjry5KH 3a GjiarocjiOBemie, a He 3a OTXBi>pjiaHe!
H „Te ca BtjjiioSeHii 3apaan othhtc" ToBa e oGemaHneTO ot H3x. 20:5-6 h Btop. 5:9-10 h 7:9.
CeMeiiCTBaTa ce GjiarocjiaBaT 3apa/m BapaTa Ha npenimimiTe noKOJiemia. H3paHji e GjiarocjiOBeH 3apa/ni
Bepmrre naTpnapcn (bjk. Btop. 4:37; 7:8; 10:15). nporoxona Ha Mecna ot njieMero K)n,a e ci>mo oGemamie,
naneHO Ha JlaBHR (bjk. II Ilape 7 rn.). C-bmeBpeMemio, TpaGBa na ce nonnepTae, ne nopn h „BepHHTe" He ca
Ghjih b CBCToaHHe H3najio na cna3aT 3aKOHa (bjk. E3eK. 36:22-36). BapaTa - jnpma, ceMeinia h
HecbBipmeHa - e OHOBa, KoeTO Bor npneMa n Ta HMa noTemmajia na ce npenaBa npe3 ceMeiiCTBOTO (bjk. I
Kop. 7:8-16).
11:29
NASB, NKJV, NRSV „flap6iiTe ii lipiOBamic ro ot Bora ca HeoTMeHaeMii"
TEV «Bor He en npoMeHH MHemieTO othocho TOBa, Koro ioGiipa ii Koro
QjiarocjiaBH"
JB «Bor He ch minia flaposeTe n He otmchh inSopa ch"
TyK He CTaBa Binpoc 3a nyxoBHH napGn Ha OTnejimi hh^hbhah (bjk. I Kop. 12 rn.), a 3a Bo5KHHTe
oGemaHHa 3a cnaceHHe b CTapna 3aBeT h HoBHa 3aBeT HsGnpaHeTO e eiJieKTHBHO. Bo5KHaTa BapHOCT e
HaAe5K^aTa Ha Hapoaa Hspanji (bjk. Man. 3:6)!
11:30-32 Te3H CTHxoBe ca oGoGmeHne Ha Bo5KHHTe nnaHOBe h HaMepeHHa. (1) Te BHHarn ce ocHOBaBaT Ha
HeroBaTa mhjioct (bjk. 6ejie5KKaTa ki>m 9:15-16), a He Ha npoH3BOJiHH npeanoHHTaHHa. J],yMaTa „mhjioct" ce
H3noji3Ba neTHpn m>TH b to3h no-iiiHpoK KOHTeKCT (bjk. 9:15,16,18,23). (2) Bor e ocb/raji bchhkh xopa.
lOnenTe h e3HHHHiiHTe ca ennaicBO rpeiimH (bjk. 3:9,19,23; 5:11). (3) Bor e oGipHan Hy5K^aTa h
6e3noMOiHHOCxra na HOBenecTBOTO bi>b bi>3mo5khoct na noica5Ke mhjioct Ha gcuhku (bjk. ct. 22).
IIpaBHjiHHaT KOHTeKCT 3a pa36iipaHe Ha „bch x ikh" e b CBeTjiHHaTa Ha 12 h 25-26 ex He bchhkh HHnHBHaH
me OTKjiHKHaT Ha npeniKMceHHeTO, KoeTO Bor hm OTnpaBa, ho bchhkh ca BKjiiOHeHH b oGxBaTa Ha
cnaceHneTO (bjk. 5 : 1 2-2 1 ; HoaH 3:16). Bo5Ke, Hera Taica j\a Gine ! ! !
11:30 ii 31 „ho cera" TyK ce noapasGnpa ayxoBHOTO o6pi>meHHe Ha H3panji npe3 Bapa b Hcyc. KaKTO
e3HHecKOTO „HeBepHe" e Ghjio noGeneHO ot Bo5KHaTa mhjioct, TaKa h ioneiicKOTO „HeBepHe" me Gtne
noGeneHO.
192
HHTAT OT EtJirAPCKHfl nPEBOfl BEPEH — 11:33-36
-" O, kojiko abjiSoko e GoraTCTBOTO Ha Mi>npocTTa h no3HaHHeTO Ha Bora! Kojiko HenocTiDKHMH ca
HeroBHTe ci>a6h h HerocjienHMH rrbTHinara My! 34 3amoTo: „Koii e no3Han yMa Ha Ibcnona hjih koh My e
6hji ci>BeTHHK? -" Hjih koh ot no-Hanpen My e naji Hemo, Ta na My ce OTnnaTH?" -'" 3amoTO bchhko e ot
Hero, npe3 Hero h 3a Hero. Ha Hero ji& 6i>ne cnaBa jip Beica. Amhh.
HHTAT OT AHEJIHHCKHJI nPEBOfl NASB — 11 :33-36
^^Oh, the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable are
His judgments and unfathomable His ways! 34 Forwho has known the mind of the Lord, or who
became His counselor? 35 0r who has first given to Him that it might be paid back to him
AGAIN? 3 %or from Him and through Him and to Him are all things. To Him be the glory forever.
Amen.
11:33-36 ToBa e enHO ot Bi>3XHTHTejiHHTe HMnpoBH3HpaHH cjiaBOCJiOBHH Ha naBen. AnocTOJibT e CMaaH ot
Bo5KHHTe m>THma _ ot 3aBeTHaTa baphoct, npnoGmaBaHeTO kt>m 3aBeTa h ocbinecTBaBaHeTO Ha 3aBeTa.
11:33 „6oraTCTBaTa" ToBa e jtk)6hm hahom Ha naBen (bjk. 2:4; 9:23; 10:12; 11:12,33; Eijiec. 1:7,8; 2:7;
3:8,16; Ohji. 4:19; Kon. 1:27). YnoBaHHeTO b Gjiaima BecT h Hane5Knara Ha HOBenecTBOTO e b H3o6HjiHaTa
mhjioct Ha Bo5KHa xapaKTep h nnaH (bjk. Hcaa 55:1-7).
H „kojiko Heii3CJiefliiMii ca HeroBHTe ctflSii 11 HenocTiiaciiMii HeroBHTe ntTiiiua" ToBa e nonxoAamo
cnaBOCJiOBHe 3a napanoKcajifflrre hcthhh, npencTaBeHH b 9-11 rnaBH (bjk. Hcaa 55:8-11).
11:34 H,HTaT ot Hcaa 40:13-14 ot CenTyarHHTaTa, KbneTO Bor roGaBa Hapona ch, icaro ro Bpi>ina ot
H3rHaHHe. B I Kop. 2:16 naBen HHTHpa cbiHHa naca5K, ho no6aBa kt>m hmcto Ha Hcyc THTjiaTa „rocnoa".
11:35 ToBa e CBoGoneH nirraT ot Hob 35:7 hjih 41:11.
11:36 „ot Hero, npe3 Hero h 3a Hero ca bciihkii Hema" B to3h koht6kct CTaBa Binpoc 3a Bor OTeu (bjk.
I Kop. 11:12), ho b apyrn cxoahh naca5KH ot Hobhh 3aBeT CTaBa nyMa 3a Bor Chh (bjk. I Kop. 8:6; Koji.
1:16; EBp. 2: 10). naBeji nonnepTaBa, ne bchhko B3eMa Hanajio ot Bora h ce Bpi>ina npn Hero.
H „Ha Hero jxa Stfle cjiaBaTa 3aBiiHarn" ToBa e thhhhho HOB03aBeTHO GjiarocjiOBemie 3a Bora. OTHaca ce
(1) noHHKora 3a OTeu (bjk. 16:27; Ecjiec. 3:21; Ohji. 4:20; I nen>p 4:11; 5:11; K)n,a 25; Otkp. 5:13; 7:12), a
(2) noHHicora 3a CnHa (bjk. I Thm. 1:17; II Thm. 4:18; II nerbp 3:18; Otkp. 1:16). Bjk. itbjihhji KOMeHTap
ki>m 3:23.
h „Amhh" B)K. CnEL[HAJIHO ITOH5ITHE KIM 1:25.
BMIPOCH 3A OECtaCflAHE
To3h KOMeHTap e caMO pi>kobojctbo 3a H3yHaBaHe. ToBa 03HaHaBa, ne Bne caMH HOCHTe OTroBopHOCT 3a
HanHHa, no kohto TbjncyBaTe BnGjinaTa. BceKH ot Hac Tpa6Ba na xonii b CBeTjiHHaTa, KoaTO My e aaaeHa.
npnopHTeT npn HHTepnpeTaiiHaTa CTe caMHaT Bne, BaniaTa EnGjina h CBeTHaT JJyx. He 6nBa na
npexBipjiaTe Ta3H OTroBopHOCT Ha kohto Hjjae KOMeHTarop.
HacToannrre Binpocn 3a o6ci>5KaaHe nejiaT na bh nonnoMoraaT na oGmhcjihtb ocHOBHHTe TeMH b to3h
pa3fleji Ha nocjiaHHeTO. Hejrra hm e na npeniOBHKaT mhcjih, a He na nanaT KpaiiHH ottoboph.
1 . no KaKbB HanHH H3paHji ce e oGtpicaji othocho Eo5KHa ni>T 3a cnacemie?
2. Koh apa flOBona npHBe5iyia naBeji, 3a na n,OKa5Ke, ne Bor He e otxbi>pjihji H3panji?
3. 3amo Bor 3aKopaBHji ebpuara Ha loneHTe? KaK ro e HanpaBHji?
4. KaKBa e cbiiniocTTa Ha KOHHenuiiaTa 3a KweHCKHa „ocTaTi>K" (ct. 2-5)?
5. fleiJiHHHpaHTe TepMHTa „MHCTepHa (Taima)" b H3.
6. KaKBO 03HaHaBa 1 1 :26? 3amo? KaK TOBa e CBi>p3aHO c 9:6?
7. KaKBH npenyiipe5KneHHji onpaBa naBeji ki>m BapBamirre ot e3HHecKH npoH3xoa (ct. 17-24)?
193
Phmjihhh 12 rjiaea
PA3flEJIEHHfl nO AE3AHH B CfcBPEMEHHHTE nPEBOflH
UBS 4
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
JB
HOBIMT )KHBOT
B XpHCTOC
JKhbh )KepTBH
3a Bora
IIoCBeTeHICIT )KHBOT
JKllBOT
b Ecbkidi c]iy}K6a
flyXOBHO
noKJioHeHHe
12:1-2
12:1-8
12:1-2
12:1-2
12:1-2
CMHpeHHe h jiio6ob
12:3-8
12:3-8
12:3-8
12:3-8
IIpaBHJia
Ha XpHCTIMHCKIC!
)KHBOT
J\& Ce fltp)KHM
KaTO XpHCTIMHH
IIoompeHHa
JIk)60B KT>M BCHHKH -
flaxe KtM BparoBeTe
12:9-21
12:9-21
12:9-13
12:9-13
12:9-13
12:14-21
12:14-16
12:14-21
12:17-21
nPOHHT HA TPETH HHKBJI (b»c. CTp. ix)
nPOCJIE/JJIBAHE HA ABTOPCKOTO HAMEPEHHE HA HHBO AE3AHH
T03H KOMeHTap e caMO p'skobojctbo 3a H3yHaBaHe. ToBa 03HaHaBa, ne Bne caMH Hocnre ottobophoct 3a
HanHHa, no kohto TbjncyBaTe BnGjiiuiTa. BceKH ot Hac Tpa6Ba ^a xo/ni b CBeTjiHHaTa, KoaTO My e jiajieiia.
IIpHopHTeT npn HHrepnpeTanHHTa CTe caMHHT BHe, BaniaTa EhGjihh h Cbcthjit fl,yx. He 6iraa aa
npexBipnaTe Ta3H ottobophoct Ha kohto H^ae KOMeHTarop.
IIpoHeTeTe rnaBaTa Ha emm rt>x. OnpeAeneTe TeMHTe. CinocTaBeTe BanieTO TeMaTHHHO pa3Aenemie c
neTTe ci>BpeMeHHH npeBOAa no-rope. Pa3AejraHeTO Ha a63an,H He e B^ixHOBeHO ot Bora, ho e kjhohobo 3a
npocjieASBaHeTO Ha aBTopcKOTO HaMepemie. A HMeHHO TOBa e b cbpneBHHara Ha HHrepnpeTHpaHeTO. BceKH
a63au Hiia e/iHa e^HHCTBeHa TeMa.
1 . IltpBH a63au
2. Btoph a63au
3. TpeTHa63aii
4. H T.H.
HAEJIIOflEHHfl BEPXY KOHTEKCTA HA CTHXOBE 1-8
A. TyK 3anoHBa npaKTHHecKHHT pa3Aen Ha IIocjiaHHeTO ao pHMjiamrre (12:1-15:13). noBeneTO nncMa
Ha IlaBeji HMaT xapaKTep Ha KomcpeTeH noBOA. 3aTOBa b Tax mojkcm %a HaMepnM KaKTO
AOKTpHHanHa nacT, TaKa h npHji05KHa nacT IlaBeji nnme, 3a ^a a^pecnpa KOHKpeTeH MecTeH
npoGneM hjih Kpn3a. Cnen KaTO Phmjmhh 1-8 rn. HMa TOJiKOBa xyGaBO AOKipHHajmo o6o6meHHe,
HeroBaTa HpaBCTBeHa h npaKTHHecKa nacT e He no-MajiKO cnjiHa.
B. BorocnoBHe 6e3 5KHTeiiCKO npHji05KeHHe He e ot Bora (bjk. MaTeii 7:24-27; HoaH 13:17; Phmji. 2:13;
.Hkob 1:22, 25; 2:14-26). IlaBeji acHO nocoHBa, ne cnacemieTO e ^ap no GnarxviaT ot Bora npe3 Bapa
b Hcyc XpncToc. Ho to3h aap e npeAHa3HaHeH ^a npoMeHH paAHKajmo 5KHBOTa hh! CnacemieTO e
194
noflap-bK, ho to TpaGBa aa ce nocjieABa ot pa/niKajiHO xpHCTonoAoGne!
C. CraxoBe 1-2 (JiopMyjmpaT B-bBe^eHHe kt>m uajiaTa npaKTHHecica nacx TyK e H3Ji05KeHa ocHOBaTa Ha
5KHBOTa, H3m>jTHeH c flyxa (xe. 8 rn.).
D. Cthxobc 3-8 pa3rjie5K£aT /iyxoBHaTa HaaapeHOCT. HaineTO ceGeoT/iaBaHe npea Xphctoc TpaGBa aa
boah ro cny5KeHHe Ha Bora (bjk. BTopo3aKOHHe 6:4-5; MaTeii 22:37) h Ha OKOJimrre (bjk. JIcbht
19:18; MaTeii 19:19). Te3H ^apGn nocTaBaT aionem Bipxy HaineTO e/niHCTBO b Xphctoc h HaineTO
pa3HOo6pa3He KaTO jihhhocth (bjk. EijiecaHH 4:1-10). BapBannxre TpaGBa ^a ce CTpeMaT kim
eAHHCTBO, a He kt>m e/maKBOCT. Bor hh #aBa aapGn, 3a aa ch cnyacHM e/niH Ha apyr (bjk. I Kop.
12:7,11; E$ec. 4:11-13)!
H3CJIEflBAHE HA flYMH H OPA3H
HHTAT OT EBJITAPCKHJI IIPEBOfl BEPEH— 12:1-2
1 H Taxa, Gpara, a3 bh yMOJureaM, npe3 Eo5KHHTe mhjiocth, ^a npe^CTaBHTe TejiaTa ch 3a 5KepTBa 5KHBa,
CBaTa, GnaroyroAHa Ha Bora, KoeTO e BaineTO pa3yMHO cny5KeHHe. 2 H He Gi^eTe ci>o6pa3HH c to3h cbat, a
ce npeo6pa3aBaiiTe npe3 oGHOBaBaHero Ha yMa ch, 3a #a no3HaeTe ot onHT KaKBa e Eo5KHHTa bojm - TOBa,
KoeTO e Ao6po, Gjiaroyro/mo h cbBipmeHO.
HHTAT OT AHDIHHCKHfl nPEBOflTVASB — 12:1-2
1 Therefore I urge you, brethren, by the mercies of God, to present your bodies a living and holy
sacrifice, acceptable to God, which is your spiritual service of worship. 2 And do not be conformed to
this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind, so that you may prove what the will of
God is, that which is good and acceptable and perfect.
H „CJieflOBaTejiHo" IlaBeji H3noji3Ba Ta3H jsyma npn bchhkh Ba5KHH npexo/ni Ha MHCbJiTa, KoraTO H3jiara
eBaHrencKHTe hcthhh npeA norae/ia Ha pHMCKHTe HHTaTejm. B 5 : 1 h cji. t% o6o6maBa „onpaB/iaHHeTO npe3
Bapa"; b 8:1 h cji. o6o6maBa OTHOineHHeTO Ha BapBannxre xopa ki>m rpexa, HapeneHO „0CBemeHHe"; a b 12:1
h cji. ce CBi>p3Ba c npaKTHHecKHH HanHH, no kohto onpaB/iaHHeTO h ocBemeHHeTO ce npnjiaraT b
e5KeAHeBHeTO hh.
12:1
NASB
„nofl6yacflaM bh"
NKJV
„yMOJIHBaM bh"
NRSV, TEV
„npiooBaBaM bh
JB
„mojih bh"
To3h H3pa3 ci>Ai>p>Ka e^HOBpeMeHHO GjiarocT h CTporocx TyK IlaBeji hh nprooBaBa ^a 5KHBeeM
noAoGaBamo. Toft necTO npnGarBa j\o to3h raaroji (bjk. 12:1;15:30; 16:17; I Kop. 1:10; 4:16; 16:15; II Kop.
2:8; 5:20; 6:1; 10:1; 12:8; Eijiec. 4:1; Ohji. 4:2; I Coji. 4:10; I Thm. 1:3; Ohjihmoh9-10 ct).
H „6paTH" C Ta3H jsyma IlaBeji necTO Bi>Be5Kzia HOBa mhcbji.
H „no BoacHHTe mhjiocth" B LXX cbOTBeTmuiT H3pa3 noica3Ba cbcipaaaTejiHaTa npHpo^a Ha Bora (bjk.
H3xoa 34:6). TyK toh ce oraaca 3a AOKipHHajmaTa nporpecna Ha m>pBHTe 11 rjiaBH. 3a6ejia3Ba ce bhahm
aioieHT Bi>pxy „MHjiocxra" (KaKTO oikieiro, Taica h eleeo) Ha Bora npn HeroBHTe OTHonieHHH c na/niajiOTO
HOBenecTBO (bjk. 9:15,16,18,23; 11:30,31,32; 12:8; 15:9). Cjka KaTO GjiaroaaTra h MHjiocTTa Ha Bora ce
npe^JiaraT 6e3 ycjiOBHH, BapBannxre Tpa6Ba ^a boaht GjiaronecTHB 5khbot (bjk. Ecjiec. 1:4; 2:10), ocHOBaH Ha
npH3HaTejiHOCT, a He Ha 3acjryrH (bjk. Eijiec. 2:8-9).
H „jja npeflCTaBiiTe" rjiarojn>T e AOPHCT HHOHHHTHB. IIoHJiTHeTO e m>pBaTa ot nopeflHiia CBi>p3aHH c
5KepTBaHeTO jxymm b to3h kohtckct: „5KepTBa" (1 ex), „CBaTa" (1 ct); „npHeMjiHBa" (1 ct). Ciiiioto noHaTHe
ce cpema b 6:13,16,19. HoBeniKHTe ci>mecTBa ce npe/iaBaT hjih Ha Bora, hjih Ha CaTaHa. KaKTO Xphctoc
195
npeaafle Ce6e ch rauajio Ha BOJiaTa Ha Otcii, ao cmi>pt Ha tcp-bCT, TaKa h HeroBHTe nocjieaoBaTejiH cjie^Ba
Aa boaht ci>iho TOJiKcma HeceGiPieH 5khbot (bjk. II Kop. 5: 14-15; Tan. 2:20; I HoaH 3:16).
H „TejiaTa ch" Xphcthhhctboto ce pa3JiHHaBa roKjnoHHrejmo mhoto ot ejiHHCicaTa (JihjiocoiJihh, kosto
Bi>3npHeMa (J)H3HHecKOTO Tajio KaTO Hemo 3jio. Tajioro e npocTO apeHa, Ha Koaro ce 6opaT H3KymeHHaTa. Ho
ot HpaBCTBeHa rjie^Ha TOHKa to e HeyTpajmo. CtmecTBHTejiHOTO „Tajio" caKani e napajiejiHO Ha /ryMaTa
„yM" ot 2 ct. BapBaniHre TpaGBa ^a nocBeTaT Ha Bora uajiOTO ch cbinecTBO, uajiaTa ch jihhhoct (bjk. BTop.
6:5; I Kop. 6:20), Kaicro npeAH TOBa ca 6hjih H3uajio nocBeTeHH Ha rpexa (bjk. Phmji. 6 rn.).
h „aciiBa" Ta3H npe^CTaBa e pa^HKajmo pa3JiHHHa ot pa3HHHHHTe 5KepTBonpHHonieHHa Ha mt>ptbh jkhbothh
h b MAeHCKHTe xpaMOBe, h b e3HHecKHTe TpaAHiiHH (bjk. Phmji. 6:13; ran. 2:20).
TpaGBa ci>iho #a HanpaBHM pa3rpaHHHeHHe ot aciceTH3Ma (cypoBOTO othoihchhc kbm TajiOTO 3a
pejiHrH03HH uejni). B HacToaiHiia tckct ce npH30BaBa He kbm roojiauHa h TenecHO caMoGnnyBaHe, a no-
CKOpO KbM aKTHBeH 5KHBOT B CJiy5K6a Ha XpHCTOC, OT JII06OB KbM XpHCTOC.
h „n CBHTa acepTBa" JlyMaTa „CBaTa" 03HaHaBa ..OTjieneiia HacTpaHa 3a Eo5KHa cjry5K6a". AKHenrbT Ha TOBa
noHaTHe b HacToaiHiia KOHTeKCT e Bipxy OT^eneHOCTra, OT^aAeHOCTra h roTOBHOCTTa Ha BapBaiHiia Ra Gt^e
H3noji3BaH ot Bora 3a HeroBHTe HaMepemia.
| CnELtHAJiHO noHflTHE: CBJIT
I. ynoTpeSa b CTapna 3aBeT
A. ETHMOJiornaTa Ha TOBa noHaTHe (kadosh) He e cnrypHa. Bi>3mo5kho e /ryMaTa ^a HMa
xaHaaHCKH nporaxo/i. KopemT h (led) BepoaTHO OTnacTH 03HaHaBa „pa3AejiaM". ToBa e
h3tohhhki>t Ha nonyjiapHaTa ^etJiHHHHHa ..OT/iejieH (ot xaHaaHCKaTa icyjnypa, B5K. BTop. 7:6;
14:2,21; 26: 19) 3a Eo5KHa ynoTpeGa".
B. IIoHaTHeTO ce CBi>p3Ba c KyjiTOBH MecTa, npeAMeTH, mombhth h jihhhocth. B KHHraTa BnTHe
He ce cpema, ho ce ynoipeGaBa b H3xoa, JleBHT h Hncna.
C. B npoponecKara jiHTepaTypa (oco6. b Hcaa hjih Ocna) jiHHHOCTHHaT eneMenr, kohto h
npe^H e npncbCTBaji, ho He e 6hji aKueHTHpaH, cera H3JiH3a Ha npeaeH nnaH. JfyMara CTaBa
ocHOBeH HanHH 3a o6o3HaHaBaHe Ha cbiHHOCTra Ha Bora (bjk. Hcaa 6:3). Bor e CBaT, a
HeroBOTO HMe noica3Ba, ne h HeroBHaT xapaKTep e CBaT. HeroBHTe JiKwe, kohto TpaGBa #a
pa3KpHBaT HeroBHa xapaKTep b Hy5KnaeiHHa ce CBaT, cbiho ca CBara (aKO ce noKopaBaT Ha
3aBeTa npe3 Bapa).
D. Bo5KHaTa jik>6ob h Bo5KHaTa mhjioct ca HeoT/iejiHMH ot GorocjiOBCKHre noHaTHa „3aBeT" h
„cnpaBeAJiHBOCT". OTTyK njipa h Te5Kecrra b Bo5KHeTO Cbpue kbm HecBaTOTO, najmano b
rpax h 5KHBeemo b 6yHT HOBenecTBO. HMa ejma mhoto HHTepecHa CTaTHa 3a
B3aHMOOTHonieHHeTO Me5K/iy „MHjiocTHBHa Bor" h „CBaTHa Bor": Robert B. Girdlestone,
Synonyms of the Old Testament, crp. 112-113.
II. YnoTpeSa b Hobiih 3aBeT
A. ABTopHTe Ha HoBHa 3aBeT pa3ci>5KAaBaT Ha eBpeiicKH e3HK (c roKjnoHemie Ha JlyKa), ho ce
BjinaaT ot rp-biiKHa Koune (T.e. ot LXX). HMeHHO rpi>HKHaT npeBOA Ha CTapna 3aBeT
oGycnaBa Texmia penmnc, a He KjiacHnecKaTa rp-buica JiHTepaTypa, mhcbji hjih pejinrna.
B. Hcyc e CBaT, noHe5Ke e ot Bora (bjk. JlyKa 1:35; 4:34; J{esmwi 3:14; 4:27,30). Toft e HapeneH
CBaTHaT h npaBe/iHHaT (bjk. ^eamia 3:14; 22:14). OcBeH TOBa Toil e CBaT, noHe5Ke e
6e3rpenieH (bhc. HoaH 8:46; II Kop. 5:21; EBp. 4:15; 7:26; I nen>p 1:19; 2:22; I HoaH 3:5).
C. CjieA KaTO Bor e CBaT, HeroBHTe najia cbiiio cnejipa %a 6i>AaT CBara (bjk. JleBHT 11:44-45:
19:2; 20:7,26; Mareii 5:48; I nerbp 1:16). Cjiea KaTO XpHCTOC e CBaT, nocjie/iOBaTejiHTe My
Ha cboh pea 6h TpaGBajio ^a ca TaKHBa (bjk. Phmji. 8:28-29; II Kop. 3:18; Taji. 4:19; Eijiec.
1:4; I Coji. 3:13; 4:3; I neTtp 1:15). XpncTHaHHTe nojiynaBaT cnacemie, 3a ^a cjry5KaT b
xpHCTonoAoGne.
h „npneMjiiiBa 3a Bora" Ta3H (J>pa3a ce OTHaca 3a no/io6aBamaTa 5KepTBa, KoaTO ce npnHaca b CTapna
3aBeT (bjk. ct. 2). npHjiaraTejiHOTO e cxoaho ci>c CTapo3aBeTHaTa jiyMa „6e3ynpe x ieH", b cjrynaa ynoTpeGeHO
196
3a xopa (b5k. EnTHe 6:9; 17:1; BTop. 18:13; Hob 1:1).
H
NASB
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
JB
„KoeTO e BauieTO ayxoBHO cnyacemie Ha noKjiOHemie
„KoeTO e BauieTO pajyMHO cjiyacemie"
„KoeTO e BauieTO ayxoBHO noKjiOHemie"
„TaKOBa e hcthhckoto noKjiOHemie, kocto jxa npimacHTe."
„TOBa e flocToimo 3a pa3yMHirre cKjaaHira"
ToBa noHHTHe (logikos) npoH3HH3a ot rnarona logizomai, kohto 03HaHaBa „pa3Ci>5KAaBaM" (bjk. MapK
11:31; I Kop. 13:11; Ohji. 4:8). B HacToamna kdhtckct jsym&T& M05Ke ^a 03HaHaBa „paniiOHajieH" hjih
,,pa3yMeH". Ci>ihoto npHjiaraTejnio oGane ce cpema n ct>c 3HaHeHHe „AyxoBeH" - Hanp. b I neTi>p 2:2.
Ci>mHHaTa H3rjie5iyia e ci>3HaTejiHiiaT npHHOC Ha bchhko ot ce6e ch, kohto e pa3rpaHHHeH ot MipTBHTe hjih
pHTyajiHH npHHOCH Ha 5KepTBemi 5KHBOTHH. Bor HCKa HaiHHHT 5khbot ^a Gt^e OT/iaAeH Ha jiioGob H
cny5KeHHe npeA Hero, a He Ha (JtopMajmn nponeAypn, kohto He OKa3Bar HHKaKBO BjinaHne Bipxy
e5KeAHeBHeTO hh.
12:2 „He ce CB06pa3HBaiITe" DiaroirbT e B CEEAfflEH IIACHBEH HMnEPATHB (hjih ITEPOEKTEH CPE^EH
3AJlor) c OTPHL[ATEJlHA ^iacthlja, KoeTO oGnKHOBeHO 03HaHaBa npeicpaTaBaHe Ha Hemo, KoeTO Bene ce
cjryHBa. HMa KOHTpacT c 2 cthx, no/ioGeH Ha oh3h bi>b OHjinnami 2:6-8 MesK/iy Bi>HHiHaTa npoMeHjiHBa
(JtopMa {schema, 2:8) h Bi>TpeHiHaTa HenpoMeHjiHBa cbihhoct (morphe, 2:6-7). npH3HBi>T ki>m xpHCTnaHHre
e noBene aa He npofli>ji5KaBaT #a npnjnpiaT Ha npoMeHjiHBaTa h na/majia b rpax CHCTeMa (cTapaTa enoxa Ha
6yHTa cpemy Bora), ki>m kohto Bee ome cna^aT (J)H3HHecKH, ho aa sanpnjiHHBar Bee noBene Ha o6pa3a Ha
Xphctoc (cnopea HOBaTa enoxa Ha flyxa).
H „c T0311 cbht" ByKBajiHOTO ci>mecTBHTejiHO iyK e „enoxa". lO/ienTe ca pas^ejiajni BpeMeTO Ha ABe enoxn
(bjk. MaTeii 12:32; MapK 10:30; JlyKa 20:34-35) - HacroamaTa enoxa, H3m>jiHeHa etc 3jio (bjk. Taji. 1:4; II
Kop. 4:4; Ecjtec. 2:2) h Gt^emaTa enoxa (bjk. MaTeii 28:20; EBp. 1:3; I HoaH 2:15-17). BapBamiiTe AHec
5KHBeaT b e/nio H3ni>jiHeHO c Hanpe5KeHHe Bpeivie, npn KoeTO ropHHTe ABe enoxn H3HeHaABamo ce 3acn>nBaT.
Me5iyiy ABeTe HABamia Ha Xphctoc BapBannrre ce HaivmpaT b cbCToaHneTO, KoeTO nomiKora HapnnaMe
„BeHe, ho He ome" - OHOBa Hanpe5KeHHe, npn KoeTO Bo5KHeTO napcTBO xeM e tjk, xeM ome e b G^^emem
I Ciieu;hajiho noHHTHE: TQ3H CBflT H HflBAmHflT CBilT
CTapo3aBeTHHTe npopouii ca Bi>3npHeMajiH QhjiguiQTO KaTO npoAi>Ji>KeHHe Ha HacToameTO. 3a Tax
GiflemeTO me AOHece Bi>3CTaHOBaBaHe Ha reorpa(J)CKHa H3pami. Ho aopn h Te ca ch npeacTaBajni
HacrbnBaHeTO Ha e/niH hob ..Ren" (bsk. Hcaa 65:17; 66:22). C HenpecTaBamoTO ci>3HaTejiHO
OTXBi>pjiJiHe Ha YHWH ot HacjieAHHuirre Ha ABpaaM (/K>pn h cjie/i 3aTOHeHneTo) b KyieiicKaTa
Me5K/iy3aBeTHa anoKajmnnpiecKa jiHTepaiypa (T.e. I Ehox, IV E3flpa, II Bapyx). nocTeneHHO ce
noaBaBa e/ma HOBa napa/mma. Te3H nncamia 3anoHBaT aa onepTaBar pa3rpaHHHeHne Me5K#y #Be
OT/iejiHH enoxn: Ta3n Ha HacToamoTO 3jio, AOMHmipaHa ot CaTaHa, h Ta3n Ha Gt^emaTa npaB/ia,
AOMHHHpaHa ot Bo5KHeTO npncbCTBHe h y3aKOHeHa c n/iBaHeTO Ha Mecna (oGpncyBaH KaTO
^HHaMHHeH bohh).
B ciJiepaTa Ha ecxaTOJiornaTa HMa bh/himo pa3BHTne. BorocjiOBHTe ro HapnnaT „nporpecHBHO
OTKpoBeHHe". HoBnaT 3aBeT yTBipayiaBa HOBaTa ^eiicTBHTejiHOCT 3a 3a/iaBamaTa ce HOBa enoxa (t.
Hap. „BpeMeBH AyajiH3i>M"):
Hcvc Xdhctoc
an. IlaBeji
EBpeii
MaTeii 12:32
PnMjiaHH 12:2
1:2
MaTeii 13:22 & 29
I Kop. 1:20; 2:6,8; 3:18
6:5
MapK 10:30
II Kop. 4:4
11:3
JlyKa 16:8
TajiaTaHH 1:4
JlyKa 18:30
EijiecaHH 1:21; 2:1,7; 6:12
JlyKa 20:34-35
I TiiMOTeii 6:17
II THMOTeii4:10
Tht2:12
CnopeA HOB03aBeTHOTO GorocjiOBne Te3H ppe lOAeiiCKH enoxn ca ce 3acTi>nHjiH nopa/iH
197
H3HeHaABamHTe h necTO npeHeGperBami npeACKa3aHiui 3a jipeTe nppanwi Ha Mecim. B-brurbineHHeTO
Ha Hcyc H3m>jmjiBa npoponecTBaTa Ha CTapna 3aBeT 3a HacrbnBaHeTO h y3aKOHJiBaHeTO Ha HOBaTa
enoxa. OGane CTapiuiT 3aBeT cbiho TaKa Bumjia HeroBOTO njipaiie h KaTO Ct>ahh h 3aBoeBaTen.
3acera Hcyc e aoutbji caMO KaTO CTpaAamiiJiT Cny5KHTen (bjk. Hcaa 53 rn.), ^eiviOHCTpHpam kpotkd h
mcko ci>pne (bjk. 3ax. 9:9). Toft npeflCTon p,a ce 3aBi>pHe etc enna h moiii, KaKTO e npeACKa3aji
CTapiMT 3aBeT (bjk. Otkp. 19 rn.). 3apa/ni TOBa AByeTamio H3m>jiHemie Ha npoponecTBaTa Eo5KHeTO
uapcTBO e^HOBpeMeHHO e h HacTtmuio, h Gt^emo. Tarawa e HOB03aBeTHOTO HanpejKemie, kdcto
HapHnaivie ..Bene, ho He ome".
e „npeo6pa3HBai"iTe ce" BapBamirre TpaGBa ^a G-b^aT TpaHC(J)opMnpaini, a He caMO ^a HHcJtopMHpami!
TpaMaTHHecKaTa (JtopMa Ha rjiarona 6h Morna j\a 6i>Ae CEEAfflEH CPE.HEH HMnEPATHB (xe. „npo/ri>ji5KaBaftTe
ff,a ce npeo6pa3aBaTe") hjih CEEAfflEH IIACHBEH HMnEPATHB (xe. „npofl'bJi5KaBaftTe j\a Gt^eTe
npeo6pa3aBaHH"). Ci>ihoto ce OTHaca h 3a rjiarona „ci>o6pa3aBaTe" bt>b 2 cthx. 3a e/niH no/ioGeH KOHTpacT
cpaBHeTe E3eK. 18:31 (nocBememieTO Ha HOBeica) c E3eK. 36:26-27 (Eo5khht nap). H jipeTe ca hh
HeoGxoAHMn!
E/nia cpo^Ha ayMa Ha rjiarona ,,(J)opMHpaM" ce H3noji3Ba ot Hcyc npn HeroBOTO npeoGpajKemie (bjk.
Max 17:2), Kb/ieTO Toft 3a innr noKa3Ba HCTHHCKaTa ch 6o5KecTBeHa cbihhoct. HMeHHO Ta3H HCTHHHa
cbiiihoct (bjk. II nextp 1:3-4) me 6i>Ae (JiopMHpaHay BceKHBapBam (bjk. II Kop. 3:18; Eijtec. 4:13).
H „Hpej o0HOBHBaHe Ha yMa ch" OTrjiarojiHOTO cbmecTBHTejiHO cb/ri>p5Ka rp-bUKiui KopeH 3a KanecTBeHO
hob (kainos), a He hob bt>b BpeMeTO (chronos). CnopeA KweHTe ceTHBaTa Ha BicK/iaHeTO h nyBaHeTO ca
nrpaejiH pojiHTa Ha npo3opnn ki>m /rymaTa. A OHOBa, 3a KoeTO ch mhcjihiii, b Hero h ce npeBp-binani. CjieA
cnaceHneTO - 3apa/ni CBeTiui JJyx, koiito oGnraBa b Tax, - BapBamirre Bene HMaT HOBa rjie/nia TCraca ki>m
CBeTa (bjk. Eijiec. 4:13,23; Tht 3:5). To3h hob GnGneftcKH Mnporjie/i, HapeA c oGHTaBamna b Hac flyx,
TpaHCiJiopMnpa yMa h HanHHa Ha 5khbot Ha BapBamHTe. Te cera Bi>3npHeMaT peajiHOCTTa no ronajio hob
HanHH, noHe5Ke TexHHTe ci>3HaHHa ca npnejin enna ot flyxa. 06hob6hoto, H3KyneHO h H3m>jiHeHO c flyxa
Cb3HaHHe BO/TH AO HOB CTHJI Ha 5KHBOT!
I CnEmiAJiHO noramiE: OEHOBflBAM (ANAKAINOSIS)
To3H rpmKH rjiaroji HMa hhkojiko (JiopMH (anakainoo, anakainizo). Cnope/i Jlay h Hn^a ochobho
3HaHeHH3Ta My ca ABe (bjk. Louw andNida, Greek-English Lexicon, vol. 1, cip. 157, 594):
npaBa Hemo Aa CTaHe hobo h pa3JiHHHO (xe. no^oGpaBaM) - Phmji. 12:2; Koji. 3:10
npeAH3BHKBaM npoMaHa b npe/ninmo cbCToamie - II Kop. 4: 16; EBp. 6:4-6
B Apyro H3CJieABaHe MyjixbH h MnjinrbH nocoHBax ne noiwTHeTO anakkainosis He M05Ke #a ce
OTKpne b rpiHicaTa jiHTepaiypa npe/ni nHcamiJiTa Ha an. naBeji. Bi>3mo5kho e caMiuiT anocTon ^a e
H3KOBan Ta3H ^yMa (bjk. Moulton and Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament, cip. 34).
OpaHK CTar ci>mo npe^Jiara HHTepeceH KOMeHTap:
„HoBopo5K/ieHHeTO h oGHOBjieHHeTO npHHaAJieacaT e/inHCTBeHO Ha Bora. flyMaTa 3a
oGHOBjieHHe anakkainosis e OTrjiarojiHO ci>mecTBHTejiHO h ce cpema b Hobhh 3aBeT HapeA c
npyrn cboh (JiopMH, onncBafticH npoAtJCKHTeneH npoijec Ha HenpecTaHHO oGHOBaBaHe. Bjk.
HanpnMep Phmjishh 12:2: „TpaHC(J)opMHpaftTe ce cnopen oGHOBaBaHeTO Ha yMa bh" hjih II
KopHHTaHH 4:16: „HaniHaT Bi>TpeineH hobck ce oGHOBaBa nen cjieA neH.' Kojiocshh 3:10
nocoHBa, ne hobhst hobck „ce oGHOBaBa b no3HaBaHe no o6pa3a Ha To3h, koiito ro e ci>3Aaji".
TaKa „HOBHJIT HOBeK", „H0BH3T 5KHBOT", „HOBOp05KHeHHeTO", „o6HOBJieHHeTO" H BCHHKH APy™
(JtopMH Ha Ta3H nyMa MoraT ^a ce npocjieA^T oGpaTHO ao OHOBa mpBOHanajiHO ^eftcTBHe Ha
Bora, koiito e nonapnji n koiito no/WT>p>ica BenHHa 5khbot" (Frank Stagg, New Testament
Theology, CTp. 118).
H „3a aa flOKaaceTe kukbu e BOJiHTa Ha Bora" Tjiaroji-bT TyK e CEEAfflEH HHOHHHTHB. JiymaTa dokimazo
ce H3noji3Ba c KOHOTaiiHJi „j\a H3nnTaM c orae/i aa o/ioGpa". Bjk. CnEE[HAJIHO nOHilTHE ki>m 2:18.
BojiaTa Ha Bora hh cnacaBa nocpe^CTBOM Bapa b XpncTOC (bjk. HoaH 6:39-40), a nocjie hh noMara ^a
5KHBeeM KaTO XpncTOC (bmc. Phmji. 8:28-29; Taji. 4:19, Eijiec. 1:4; 4:13,15; 5:17-18). YBepeHOCTTa Ha
198
xpHCTHHHHHa ce ocHOBaBa Bipxy:
a. oGemaHHHTa na BepHHH Bor;
6. oGirraBaHeTO Ha Cb. JJyx (bjk. Phmji. 8: 14-16);
b. oGHOBaBaHeTO Ha 5KHBOTa Ha BapBamna (bjk. .Hkob h I HoaH). Ako mma njiOAOBe, 3HanH He e HMajio
KopeH (bjk. MaTeii 13:1-9, 19-23).
e „KaKBa e BOJiHTa Ha Bora" Bac. CnEL[HAJlHO noRaTHE no-aojiy.
| CnELtHAJIHO IIOHflTHE: BOJIflTA (thelema) HA EOTA
B EBAHrEJIHETO HA HOAH
• Hcyc e AOim>Ji Ra H3m>jiHH BOJiHTa Ha Oreii (bjk. 4:34; 5:30; 6:38)
• Ra Bi>3KpecH b nocneAHHa Ren bchhkh, kdhto OTen My e Ran (bjk. 6:39)
• 3a Ra noBapBaT bchhkh b CnHa (bjk. 6:29,40)
• answered prayer related to doing God's will (bjk. 9:31 and I HoaH 5:14)
B CHHOnTHHHHTE EBAHrEJIHfl
• Ba5KHO e Ra Bi>pniHM BonaTa Ha OTen (bjk. MaTeii 7:21)
• Koirro BipniH BonaTa Ha Oreii e 6paT/cecTpa Ha Hcyc Xphctoc (bjk. MaTeii
12:50; Mark 3:35)
• Eo5KHjrra bojm e hhkoh ^a He yMHpa (bjk. MaTeii 18:14; I Thm. 2:4; II neTtp 3:9)
• TojiroTa e BOJMTa Ha OTeii 3a Hcyc (bjk. MaTeii 26:42; JlyKa 22:42)
B nHCMATA HA AnOCTOJI naBeji
• 3penocTTa h cjry5KeHHeTO Ha bchhkh BapBanjH (bjk. Phmji. 12:1-2)
• BapBanjHTe Ra ce H36aB3T ot HenecTHBHa BeK (bjk. ran. 1:4)
• Eo5khht H3KynHTeneH nnaH e no HeroBaBOJia (bjk. Eijiec. 1:5,9,11)
• 5khbott>t Ha BapBanjHTe Ra e romjiHeH c flyxa (bjk. Eijiec. 5:17-18)
• BapBanjHTe Ra ce H3m>jiBaT c no3Hamie Ha Bora (bjk. Koji. 1:9)
• BapBanjHTe Ra Gt^aT cbBipmeHH h m>jmoHeHHH (bjk. Koji. 4: 12)
• BapBanjHTe na ce ocBenjaBaT (bjk. I Coji. 4:3)
• BapBanjHTe na npHHacaT Gjiaro/iapHOCT 3a bchhko (bjk. I Coji. 5:18)
B nHCMATA HA AnOCTOJI nETBP
• BapBanjHTe Ra Bi>pniaT ^oGpo (^a ce noKopjreaT Ha CBeTcicaTa BjiacT) h TaKa Ra
3aTBapaT ycTaTa Ha 6e3yMHHTe xopa (bjk. I neTi>p 2:15)
• BapBaniHTe Ra CTpa/iar (bjk. I nerbp 3:17; 4:19)
• BapBanjHTe na He 5KimeaT ceGeneHrpiPiHO (bjk. I nerbp 4:2)
B nHCMATA HA AnOCTOJI HOAH
• BapBanjHTe na npe6i>ABaT b MOJiHTBa (bjk. I HoaH 2:17)
• BapBanjHTe ca kjhohit ki>m OTroBopeHHTe mojihtbh (bjk. I HoaH 5: 14)
H „TOBa, KoeTO e aoSpo, SjiaroyroflHO ii ctBtpmeHo" ToBa BKjnoHBa Eo5KHjrra bojm 3a BapBaiiniTe cjiea
cnaceHneTO (bjk. Ohji. 4:4-9). Eo5KHHTa neji 3a BceKH eRim xphcthhhhh e Ra nocTHra 3pajiocT b TOBa, Ra
rrpHjiiwa Ha Hcyc Xphctoc (bjk. MaTeii 5:48).
h „CBBtpuieHo" Ta3H RyMa 03HaHaBa ,,3paji, HamjiHO no/rroTBeH Ra nocTHrae RaRena 3aRana,
mjiHoneHeH". Ho t% He 03HaHaBa „6e3rpeineH". H3noji3Ba ce 3a (1) pme h icpaica, kohto ca 6hjih CHynemi,
ho ca HaMecTeHH h Bi>3CTaHOBeHH 3a ynoTpeGa; (2) pnGapciai Mpe5KH, kohto ca 6hjih pa3Ki>caHH, ho ca
3aKi>pneHH h ynoTpeGaeMH 3a hob phGojiob; (3) nnjie, KoeTO e aocTarbHHO 3pajio, 3a Ra M05Ke Ra ce npoflaBa
Ha na3apa; (4) KopaGn, kohto ca no/rroTBeHH 3a njiaBaHe.
HHTAT OT BBJirAPCKHfl nmBORBEPEH— 12:3-8
3 3anjOTO npe3 RaRQuara mh Gjiaro/iaT Ka3BaM Ha BceKH qrmh H3Me>iyry Bac Ra He mhcjih no-BHCOKO,
OTKOJiKOTO TpaGBa Ra mhcjih, a Ra BHHMaBa Ra e pa3yMeH, cnopea MapKaTa Ha BapaTa, kohto Bor e
199
pa3npeAeJiHji Ha BceKH. ^ 3amoTO, Kaicro HMaMe mhoto nacra b e/uro Tano, ho He bchhkh nacre HMaT e/uia h
ci>ma cny5K6a, * TaKa h mie, MH03HHaTa, CMe e/uro Tano b Xphctoc h nooT^ejiHO - nacra e^HH Ha ppyr. " H
KaTO HMaMe aapGn, kohto ce pa3JiHHaBaT cnopea aaaeHaTa hh GnaroaaT, Heica ch cny5KHM c Tax: aico e
7
npoponecTBO, HeKa npopoKyBaMe cnopeA MapKara Ha BapaTa; ' axo e cny5KeHHe - ^a nocTOaHCTBaMe b
cny5KeHHeTo; aKO Haicon noynaBa - b yHemieTo; ° aKD yBemaBa - b yBemaBaHero; aKO pa3^aBa, n& pa3^aBa c
npocTOCbpAenHe; aKO pt>koboah, aa pt>koboah c ycbpflHe; aKO noKa3Ba mhjioct, aa a noKa3Ba c paaocT.
IJHTAT OT AHDIHHCKHfl HVEBORNASB — 12:3-8
•*For through the grace given to me I say to everyone among you not to think more highly of
himself than he ought to think; but to think so as to have sound judgment, as God has allotted to each
a measure of faith. ^For just as we have many members in one body and all the members do not have
the same function, ^so we, who are many, are one body in Christ, and individually members one of
another. ^Since we have gifts that differ according to the grace given to us, each of us is to exercise
them accordingly: if prophecy, according to the proportion of his faith; ^if service, in his serving; or he
who teaches, in his teaching; *W he who exhorts, in his exhortation; he who gives, with liberality; he
who leads, with diligence; he who shows mercy, with cheerfulness.
12:3 CTHxoBe 1-2 nocTaBaT aKHeHT Ha wyamaTa ot „hob yM". B 3 cthx HMa HerapHicpaTHO noBTopemie Ha
rnarojia „MHCJia". Bpyc Kopnn h Kbprac Bot>m 3a6ena3BaT cneflHaTa rpaaaijHa TaM: ..IIpeyBejiHHeHO
MHcneHe... nofloGaBamo MncneHe... ueneHaconeHO MHcneHe... Tpe3BO MHcneHe" (Bruce Corley, Curtis
Vaughan, The Zondervan Study Guide Commentary, Romans, p. 138). £I,ocTa none3HO HaGmoaeHHe.
IIoaoGho Ha 11:13-24, to3h cthx M05Ke #a OTpa3aBa (1) Hanpe5KeHHeTO b PnMCKaTa irtpicBa Me5iyry
noBapBanHTe Kwen h noBapBajiHTe e3HHHHHH; (2) hjih (JiaicTa, ne IlaBeji rranie nocnaHHeTO ot Kophht (b
Kpaa Ha CBoeTO III MHCHOHepcKO m>TeniecTBHe), Kb/ieTO ce e c6jn>cican c aporaHTHH h caMOMHHTenHH
XpHCTHaHH.
h „npe3 aaaeHaTa mii Qjiaroflar" ToBa e nACHBHO nPHtlACTHE B AOPHCT. EjiaroaaTTa Ha Bora e aoinjia b
KOHKpeTHO ci>6HTHe b MHHanoTO (T.e. npH cpenjaTa Me5Kny IlaBeji h Hcyc Xphctoc Ha m>Ta 3a J\&m&ck). B
to3h kohtckct /ryMaTa „6jiaroAaT" ce oraaca 3a /ryxoBHa Ha/iapeHOCT (bjk. 15:15; I Kop. 3:10; 15:10; Tan.
2:9; Eijiec. 3:7-8), a He 3a aapa Ha npaBeflHOCTra (bjk. Phmji. 4 rn.). ToBa ce oraaca no o6pT>meHHeTO Ha
IlaBen h npH3BaHHeTO My ^a Gt/ie anocTon cpeA e3HHHHHHTe (bjk. ,H,eaHHa 9:15; Phmji. 1:1,5; Taji. 1:15-16;
2:7-8; Eijiec. 3:1-2,8; I Thm. 2:7; II Thm. 4:17).
H „Ka3BaM Ha BceKiiro iBMeacay Bac" npeaynpejiyieHHeTO b 3 cthx e 3a bchhkh xpncTHaHH, a He caMO 3a
BapBanjHTe.
h „m ne MHCJiii no-BiicoKO 3a ce6e ch" B>k. CnEHHAJlHO noHflTHE: CJIO)KHH flYMH C
nPE^CTABKATA ,JIUPER-" kt>m 1:30
h „KaKTO Bor e pampenejnui Ha BceKiiro" Tjiaroji-bT Tyic e b akthbeh AOPHCT HH^HKATHB.
XpncTHaHHTe He H36npaT ayxoBmrre ch aapGn ( B 5k. I Kop. 12:11; Eijiec. 4:7). fl,ap6nTe ce pa3AaBar ot flyxa
npn cnaceHneTO 3a oGhioto 6jiaro (b>k. I Kop. 12:7). £I,ap6HTe Ha flyxa ne ca MepHjiKH 3a 3acjiyrn, a
HHCTpyMeHTH, Hpe3 KOHTO BCeKH BapBaiU Aa M05Ke Aa CJiy5KH Ha XpHCTOBOTO Tajio LJipKBaTa.
h „cnopea MapKaTa Ha BapaTa" To3h ropa3 ce OTHaca ro yMeHneTO aa ce (JiyHKHHomipa ecJteicraBHO
cnopea ayxoBHaTa Ha^apeHOCT Ha BapBamHa (bjk. ct. 6). 3a aa Gt^e 3flpaBOCJiOBHa, /ryxoBHaTa Ha^apeHOCT
TpaGBa aa ce ynpamiaBa nocpeacTBOM njiona Ha flyxa (bjk. ct. 9-12; Taji. 5:22-23). Jl,ap6ine ca cjry5K6H
ripen Xphctoc, pa3npeAejieHH Me5K/ry HeroBHTe nocjie/iOBaTejiH, AOKaTO ruio^'bT e H3rpa5KAaHeTO Ha
Xphctob yM. H /iBeTe ca HeoGxo/uiMH 3a eiJieKTHBHOTO cny5KeHHe.
12:4 Ta3H MeTacJtopa necTO ce cpenja b rracaHHaTa Ha IlaBeji. HoBeniKOTO Tano HMa BiTpeniHa
B3aHM03aBHCHMOCT, KoaTO onHCBa Ha^apeHOCTTa Ha LJipKBaTa (bjk. I Kop. 12:12-27; Eijiec. 1:23; 4:4,12,16;
5:30; Koji. 1:18,24; 2:19). XpncTHaHCTBOTO e hoGuihoctho, HHH^HBH/ryajiHo!
200
12:5 „Hiie, kohto CMe Miumiiia, CMe chho thjio b XpiiCTOc" To3h cthx nocTaBa aKnenr Bi>pxy
eAHHCTBOTO n pa3Hoo6pa3neTO Ha BapBamHTe. TaicaBa e AHHaMmcaTa Ha AyxoBHnre Aap6n b IIi>pKBaTa.
TeKcrbT 3a moGoBTa b I Kophhtjihh 13 rn. H3pa3aBa Hanpe5KeHHeTO Ha pa3Hoo6pa3neTO Ha ^apGnre (bjk. I
Kop. 12 and 14 ra.). XpncTHaHnre 5KHBeaT He b cbpeBHOBamie noMe5iyiy ch, a b cbpaGoraiPiecTBo!
12:6-8 Te3H CTHxoBe (jiopMnpaT e^mo nspeneHne Ha rp-bUKH e3HK c ABe nPHHACTHil, ho 6e3 ochobho
CKA3YEMO. OGmcHOBeHO TOBa ce npeBe^a Kara HMnEPATHB B TPETO JIHITE: „Heica aa H3non3BaMe."
12:6 „ jap6n... Sjiaroflar" JJyMnre „£ap6a" (charisma) h „6jiaroflaT" (charis) HMar Qpym h ci>m KopeH Ha
rpmKH, HneTO 3HaHeHHe e „noAapi>K". Bjk. 6ejie5KKaTa ki>m 3:24.
^apGnre Ha Jfyxa ce H36poaBaT b I Kophhdihh 12 rxr.; Phmjmhh 12 ra.; EiJiecaHn 4 rn. h I Ilerbp 4 rn.
CnHCBHHTe h nocneAOBaTejiHOCTTa Ha ^apGnre He ca ujiewnnmi. ToBa 3HaHH, ne Te ca npeACTaBHTejmn, ho
He h H3HepnaTejiHH. EnGjiiuiTa He HHcJiopMnpa BapBanorre KaK tohho ^a onpe/iejiaT KaKBH ca AapGnre hm.
HaH-^o6paTa H3Bi>H6H6jieiicKa mi>apoct no to3h BMipoc M05Ke ^a ce Haivtepn b npnHnnnnTe, H36poeHn b
KHH5KKaTa Ha IVP ,,yTBi>p5KAaBaHe Ha Eo5KHHTa bojih" (Paul Little, Affirming the Will of God). C-bmirre
HacoKH, kohto ce npnnaraT 3a ono3HaBaHe Ha Eo5KHHTa bojih, me CBipmaT paGoTa n npn ycTaHOBaBaHero Ha
ccJiepaTa Ha ecJieKTHBHO cjryjKemie Ha BapBanina. .Hbho npnHnnnHnaT (jmier, ne BapBanorre ca Ha^apeHH, e
no-Ba5KHO ot onpeaejMHeTO KaK tohho ca Haflapemi nun Koa KomcpeTHa aapGa hm e Gnjia aaaeHa.
H „aKo" J],yMaTa eite (bjk. ct. 6,7,8) ce npeBe5Kna „aKO... to" hjih ,,/iajiH... ^ajin" b 3aBncnMOCT ot
KOHKpeTHHH KOHTeKCT. B to3h cthx ra He e nocjieABaHa ot TJlAroJl (bjk. I Kop. 3:22; 8:5; II Kop. 5:10),
BinpeKH ne necTO cjiea Hea n^Ba CKa3yeMO b CEEAfflEH HH^HKATHB (bjk. I Kop. 12:26; II Kop. 1:6).
CneaoBaTejiHO TOBa H3peneHne e YCJIOBHO HSPEHEHHE OT ITLPBH KJIAC, c KoeTO HajranneTO Ha ayxoBHHTe
Aap6n ce npneMa 3a aaaeHOCT.
H „npopoHecTBo" TyK He CTaBa jxyMa 3a CTapo3aBeTHHH Tnn npoponecTBa, kohto ca B^txHOBeHn nocjiamui
ot Bora. B CTapna 3aBeT npoponnTe ca 3anncBajin IlHcaHHeTO (nponec, kohto HapnnaMe
„6oroBAtxHOBeHne"). B Hobhh 3aBeT noa npoponecTBO ce pa36npa no-CKopo npoBi>3rjiacjiBaHeTO Ha aaaeHa
ncTHHa ot Bora. B ^yMaTa M05Ke ^a ce BKjnonBa n npeACKa3aHne (bjk. JJpsimuL 11:27-28; 21:10-11). Ho
y^apeHneTO He e Bipxy mncaKBO hobo ci>AT>p>KaHHe, a no-CKopo Bipxy noaciuiBaHe Ha eBaHrencKOTO
nocnaHne n HannHa, no kohto to ce npnnara jmec. IioiwTHeTO npnTe5KaBa H3BecTHa (Jwryn/iHOCT. To M05Ke
Aa Kacae KaKTO (JtyHKinui, ynpa5KHHBaHa ot BapBainnre (bjk. I Kop. 14:1,39), TaKa n KomcpeTHa AyxoBHa
Aap6a (bjk. I Kop. 12:28; 14:29; Eijiec. 4:11). CinjaTa (jwrywiHOCT M05Ke ^a ce bh/ih b KopHHTCKnre
nocnaHna Ha IlaBeji, kohto ca Hanncami rope-Aony no cbuioto BpeMe (bjk. I Kop. 12:10,12; 13:8;
14:1,5,29,39).
| CnEljHAJlHO noHflTHE: HOBQ3ABETHO nPOPOHECTBO
I. He e cbiiioto KaTO CTapojaBeTHiiTe npoponecTBa, kohto HMaT paBHHCKaTa KOHOTanna ^a 6i>AaT
B^txHOBeHH OTKpoBeHna Ha YHWH (bjk. JXquybvi 3:18,21; Phmji. 16:26). E/iHHCTBeHO
npoponnTe ca M05Kenn ^a nnmaT KHnrn ot BnGnnaTa.
A. Moncen e 6hji Hapn^aH npopoK (bjk. BTop. 18: 15-21).
B. HcTopnHecKHTe KHnrn (ot Hcyc HaBneB ^o KHnrnTe Ha LJapeTe, c nsKmoHeHne Ha PyT)
ca H3BecTHH KaTO „ni>pBHTe npoponn" (bjk. J\Q%Ym% 3:24).
C. IIpoponnTe 3aMecTBaT pojiaTa Ha m>pBOCBemeHHKa Kara h3to x ihhk Ha HHcJiopManna ot
Bora (ot Hcaa up Manaxna).
D. BropoTO AeneHne Ha eBpencKna KaHOH ce Hapn^ia „IIpoponHTe" (bjk. MaTeii 5:17;
22:40; JIy K a 16:16; 24:25,27; Phmji. 3:21).
II. B HoBiia 3aBeT noHHTneTO ce H3noji3Ba no hhkojiko pasjinHHn HannHa:
A. no OTHomeHne Ha CTapo3aBeTHHTe npoponn n TexHHTe GoroB^txHOBeHn nocjiaHna (bjk.
MaTeii 2:23; 5:12; 11:13; 13:14; Phmji. 1:2).
B. no OTHomeHne Ha nocjiamieTO ki>m OT/iejieH hobck, a He ki>m najiocTHa rpyna (b CTapna
3aBeT npoponnTe roBopaT npe/inMHO Ha nejina Pbpanji).
201
C. IIo OTHOineHne Ha HoaH Kp-bCTHTeji (bjk. MareS 11:9; 14:5; 21:26; JlyKa 1:76) h Ha Hcyc
XpncTOC, kohto npoB-bsruacaBaT HaGniuKaBaHeTO h HacrbnBaHeTO Ha EojKHeTO uapcTBO
(bjk. MaTeii 13:57; 21:11,46; JlyKa 4:24; 7:16; 13:33; 24:19). Hcyc ci>mo Taica 3aaBaBa,
ne e no-ronaM ot npopoHirre (bjk. MaTeii 11:9; 12:41; JlyKa 7:26).
D. Ilo OTHOineHne Ha ppyrn npopouH b HoBHa 3aBeT
1. npe3 paHHHH jkhbot Ha Hcyc, 3anncaH b JlyKa (no cnoMeHH Ha MapHa)
a. EjiHcaBeTa (bjk. JlyKa 1:41-42)
b. 3axapna (bjk. JlyKa 1:67-79)
c. CnMeoH (bjk. JlyKa 2:25-35)
d. AHHa (bjk. JlyKa 2:36)
2. npoHHHHH npeACKa3aHHH (bjk. Kaacjia, HoaH 11:51), roBopem 3a oh3h, kohto
npoBi>3rjiacaBa eBaHrejineTO (cnHCbuirre c npoBi>3rjiacHTejiHHTe Aap6n ca b I Kop.
12:28-29; Eijiec. 4:11)
E. no OTHOineHne Ha TpaiiHa aap6a b LJ-bpicBaTa (bjk. MaTeii 23:34; fleamia 13:1; 15:32;
Phmji. 12:6; I Kop. 12:10,28-29; 13:2; Eijiec. 4:11). noiwKora ce oraaca 3a jKemiTe (bjk.
JlyKa 2:36; fleam™ 2:17; 21:9; I Kop. 11:4-5).
F. no OTHOineHne Ha anoKajninTHHHaTa KHHra OTKpoBeHHe Ha HoaH (bjk. Otkp. 1:3;
22:7,10,18,19)
III. HoB03aBeTHiiTe npopouii
A. He p&Baj B^ixHOBeHO OTKpoBeHHe b cbmna cmhcbji, b kohto ro npaBaT npopouirre b
CTapna 3aBeT (nnnieiiKH EnGjiHaTa). ToBa TB-bp^eHHe e bt>3mojkho nopa/ra H3pa3a
„BapaTa" (T.e. 3aBT>pineHOTO GnaroBecTHe), kohto ce cpeina b fleamia 6:7; 13:8; 14:22;
Faji. 1:23; 3:23; 6:10; Ohji. 1:27; K)aa3,20cT.
Ta3H H^ea CTaBa acHa ot m>jiHaTa <j)pa3a, Koaro cpemaMe b K)p,a 3 cthx: „Bapara, Koaro
BeAHT>5K 3aBHHarn 6e ripe^a/iena Ha CBeTHTe". H3pa3i>T „BeAHT>JK 3aBHHarH" ce oraaca 3a
HCTHHHTe, ^OKTpHHHTe, noHaTHaTa h CBeTOrjie/mHTe yneHHa Ha xpHCTHaHCicaTa Bapa.
HMeHHO b Ta3H noBepeHa Ha ^peBHHTe npopoim Bapa e ocHOBaTa Ha GorocnoBCKOTO
orpaHHHeHne 3a B/rbXHOBemieTO Ha HOB03aBeraHTe nncaHHa h He/ionycKaHeTO Ha no-
kichh TeKCTOBe ^a ce BKjiioHBaT b KaHOHa Ha OTKpoBeHHem B HoBHa 3aBeT HMa
MH05KecTBO cmi>thh, HecHrypHH h chbh o6nacTH, ho BapBaiHirre yTBi>p5KAaBaT c Bapa, ne
bchhko, KoeTO e „Hy5KHo" 3a BapaTa h npaKTHKHTe hm, e BKjnoHeHO c uanaTa Heo6xo/raMa
acHOTa b HoBHa 3aBeT Ta3H H/iea ce pa3rpT>ina b T.Hap. „TpHT>rbjiHHK Ha OTKpoBeHHeTo".
1. Eor OTKpHBa ce6e ch b HCTopnaTa Ha HOBeKa (OTKPOBEHHE)
2. Eor H36npa onpeAeneHH aBTopn, kohto ^a AOKyMeHrapaT h oGacHaT HeroBHTe jiena
(B/JtXHOBEHHE)
3. Eor aaBa cBoa Jfyx, kohto OTBapa yMOBeTe h cbpuara Ha xopaTa, 3a aa pa36npaT
Te3H nncaHHa - He aciJihhhthbho, ho AOCTarbHHO aAeKBarao 3a cnaceHHeTO h
njiOAOTBOpHHa xpHCTHaHCKH jkhbot (nPOCBETJIEHHE)
OcHOBHaTa wiea e, ne GoroB^txHOBeHHeTO e orpampieHO ao aBTopnTe Ha CBemeHOTO
nncaHHe. He CBinecTByBaT HHKaKBH /ipyrn nncaHHa, Bn^eHna nun OTKpoBeHna, kohto
Aa ca 6hjih B/rtxHOBaBaHH ot Bora. KaHom>T e npHKjnoHeH. JJpec HHe pa3nonaraMe c
uanaTa HCTHHa, KoaTO hh e HyjKHa, 3a ^a OTKjiHKHeM noAoGaBamo Ha EojKHa nproire.
Ta3H HCTHHa Haii-Ao6pe ce BioK^a b KOHTpacTa MejK/iy cbrnacneTO Ha GnGneiicKHTe
aBTopn h HecbrjiacnaTa MejK/iy HCKpemrre xpncTHaHH cneA Tax. Hhto emm CBBpeivieHeH
aBTop hjih roBopHTen He pa3nojiara c OHOBa hhbo Ha HeGecHO BO/raTejiCTBO, Ha KaKBOTO
ca ce paABanH aBTopnTe Ha CBemeHOTO nncaHHe.
B. B HaKOH OTHOineHHa npopouirre b HoBHa 3aBeT npnunuaT Ha Te3H b CTapna 3aBeT:
1. npn npeACKa3BaHe Ha Gi^enm cbGhthh (bjk. naBeji b fleamia 27:22; AraB b fleaHna
11:27-28; 21:10-11; apyrn npopoun b fleamia 20:23)
2. npn oGaBaBaHe Ha ocbJK/ieHHe (bjk. Paul, fleaHna 13:11; 28:25-28)
3. npn chmbojihhhh ^eiicTBHa, kohto apKO HjnocTpiipaT jiajieiio cbGurae (bjk. AraB b
fleamia 21:11)
C. Te ^eiicTBHTejiHO npoBT^rjiacaBar HCTHHHTe Ha eBaHrejrueTO, noHaKora H3noji3BaiiKH
npeACKa3aHHa (bjk. fleamia 11:27-28; 20:23; 21:10-11), ho TOBa He e ocHOBHHaT (JiOKyc.
npopoKyBaHeTO b I Kophhtjihh 03HauaBa Haft-Bene npoBi>3rjiacaBaHe Ha eBaHrejineTO
(bjk. 14:24,39).
202
D. Te ca ci>BpeMeHHHaT HanHH, no kohto Cb. JJyx OTKpirea npaKTHHecKHre irpHjKMceHHa 3a
AHec Ha Bo5KHHTa HCTHHa bi>b BcaKa HOBa CHTyaniM, KyjiTypa hjih BpeMeBH nepnoA (bjk. I
Kop. 14:3).
E. Te ca 6hjih aKTHBHH b paHmrre m>pKBH, ocHOBaHH ot riaBen (bjk. I Kop. 11:4-5;
12:28,29; 13:29; 14:1,3,4,5,6,22,24,29,31,32,37,39; E<J)ec. 2:20; 3:5; 4:11; ICoji. 5:20), h
ce cnoMeHaBaT b /Judaxe (cbHHHeHHe, nncaHO ki>m Kpaa Ha I BeK hjih HanajiOTO Ha II
BeK), KaKTO h b hhkoh CBH^eTejiCTBa ot MOHTaHH3Ma npe3 II-III BeK b CeBepHa AiJipHKa.
IV. IIpeKpaTeHii jiii ca HOB03aBeTHirre jjap6n?
A. Tpy^HO e aa ce OTroBopn Ha to3h BMipoc. 3a Hanajio 6h 6hjio aoGpe aa raacmiM
Binpoca c npeflHa3HaHeHHeTO Ha aapGHTe. flajm ca .aa/jemi, 3a ^ a n oTBi>pAaT
irtpBOHaHajiHOTO nponoBa/TBaHe Ha GnaroBecTHeTO hjih ca Tpainia (JtopMa Ha m>pKBaTa
Aa cjry5KH Ha ce6e ch b to3h H3ry6eH cbjit?
B. J\ajm OTroBopa Ha to3h Binpoc M05KeM ^a TtpcHM b HCTopnaTa hjih b caMHa Hob 3aBeT?
TeKcn>T Ha HOB03aBeTHHTe nHcamia caM no ce6e ch He hh jiaBa KaTeropHHHO
CBH/ieTejiCTBO, ne /ryxoBmrre Aap6n ca BpeMeHHH. Bchhkh OHe3H, kohto ce onHTBar ^a
UHTHpaT I Kop. 13:8-13, 3a ^a oGacHaBaT to3h Binpoc, H3onaHaBaT aBTopcKOTO
HaMepemie 3a to3h naca5K, cnopea Koero caMO jnoGoBTa He e BpeMemia.
C. H3KymaBaM ce ji& nocona, ne cjieA Kara hcthhckhjit aBTopHreT e He irbpKOBHaTa
HCTopna, a Hobhht 3aBeT, cjie^OBaTejiHO BapBannrre 6h cjie/rBajio #a npneMaT, ne
AapGnre npo/rtJDKaBaT #o AHec. Ot apyra cTaHa, MoeTO y6e5K£eHHe e, ne KyjiTypaTa
Bjinae Ha TbjiKyBaHHeTO. Hhkoh acmi TeKCTOBe Bene He MoraT ^a ce npnjiaraT b
onpe/iejieHH Kyjiiypn (KaTO HanpHMep CBaTaTa uejryBKa, 5KeHCKHre noKpHBajia,
m>pKOBHHTe ci>6paHHa no AOMOBeTe h t.h.). Ako KyjnypaTa M05Ke ^a BjiHae Ha Jiajieii
TeKCT, ToraBa 3amo h irtpKOBHaTa HCTopna ^a He M05Ke ^a ro npaBH?
D. HecTHO Ka3aHO, Ha to3h Binpoc He M05KeM ^a jiamsM OKOHnarejieH h KaTeropHHeH
OTroBop. Hhkoh BapBanni 3aiHHTaBar „npeKpaTaBaHeTo" Ha AapGnre, AOicaTO /rpyrH
3aeMar npoTHBonoji05KHa no3HHHa. B Ta3H cijiepa, KaKTO h b mhoto Apyra
HHTepnpeTaTHBHH BinpocH, kjiiohit ce Kpne b ebpneTO Ha BapBannia. Hobhht 3aBeT e
CMiTeH no TeMaTa h ^onycKa KyjiiypHa HHrepnpeTanHa. Tpy/rHOCTra e b TOBa, ^a peniHM
koh TeKCTOBe ce BjinaaT ot KyjuypaTa/HCTopHaTa h koh ca 6e3BpeMeHHH (Fee and Stuart,
How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth, cip. 14-19, 69-77). HMemio TyK H#Ba msctoto
Ha /rncKycHHTe 3a CBoGo/iaTa h OTroBopHOCTTa, kohto ce ocHOBaBaT Ha Phmji. 14:1-15:13
h I KopHHTaHH 8-10 rji. HaniHaT OTroBop Ha to3h Binpoc HMa 3HaHeHHe no jipe
npHHHHH.
1. BceKH BapBam Tpa6Ba ^a xo/th c Bapa b CBeTjiHHara, kohto My e jiajieiia. Eor
nperjie^a HaniHTe CBpua h mothbh.
2. BceKH BapBam TpaGBa aa no3BOJiH Ha apyrHre BapBanni #a xoa»t c Bapa cnopea
coGcTBeHHTe ch pa36HpaHHa. B paMKHTe Ha 6h6ji6hckoto rbjiKyBaHe e HeoGxoAHMa
H3BecTHa A03a TOJiepaHTHOCT Eor ncica ^a ce oGnnaMe emm Apyrnro KaKTO Toil hh
oGnna.
E. 3a Aa o6o6iiihm Binpoca, xpncTHaHCTBOTO e 5khbot Ha Bapa h jik>6ob, a He Ha
nepiJieKTHO GorocjiOBne. B3aHMOOTHOineHHeTO c Bora, KoeTO Bjinae Ha Hac h Ha
OKOJiHHTe, e no-ci>mecTBeHO ot KaTeropHHHaTa HH(J)opMaHHa hjih ^OKTpHHajiHaTa
npeiIH3HOCT.
H „cnopefl MapKaTa Ha HeroBaTa Bapa" TeKcrbT icacae cthx 3, „KaKTO Eor e pa3npeaejiHji na BceKHMy
cnopeA MapicaTa Ha BapaTa" (bjk. Eijiec. 4:7). Tpa6Ba ci>mo ^a ro CBi>p5KeM c no-rojieMna kohtckct, kohto
HMa Bpi>3Ka c HanHHHTe, no kohto xpncTHaHHTe npnjiaraT CBOHTe Aap6n. TyK CTaBa /ryMa 3a Texmrre
OTHOineHHa, mothbh h chjih b CTpeMe5Ka hm ^a cjry5KaT Ha Bora b pa3JiHHHHTe ch cjry5KeHHa, kohto b oGiiih
jihhhh OTpa3aBaT njio/ia Ha Jlyxa ot Faji. 5:22-23.
12:7
NASB „aKO e cnyacSa"
NKJV, NRSV „hjih cnyacemie, HeKa jx& ro ii3noji3Bavie b cjiyaceHneTo"
203
TEV „aKo e 3a cnyaceHe, HeKa m cnyaaiivi"
JB „aKO e a rviiiiiiiCTpiipaiic, HeKa ro npiuiaraMe"
Ci>BpeMeHHHTe npeBO^H ce pa3JiHHaBaT, noHe5Ke HaMa ToneH eKBireajieHT Ha rptuicaTa jiyMa diakonia.
Ta M05Ke pa 03HaHaBa (1) npaKnrqecKO cjry5KeHHe hjih (2) a/rMHHHCTpiipaHe (bjk. ,H,eaHHa 6:1; I Kop.
12:5,28). AHOJiummHUHm ephifxu neKCUKOH ae<J)HHHpa TOBa noHaTHe KaTO ..(JiymcuHJi, cjry5KeHHe hjih cjiy5K6a
- cnopea Phmji. 12:7; I Kop. 12:5; Koji. 4:17; II Thm. 4:5" (Harold K Moulton, The Analytical Greek Lexicon
Revised, CTp. 92). KoHreKCTyajiHOTO yaapemie TyK e ^a ce noMara Ha .apynrre BapBanni.
H „noyHaBa... yHemieTo" Ta3H a,ap6a (didasko) ce cpema hbI Kop. 12:28 h 14:26. Ta ce CBi>p3Ba c
irpopouHTe b JXquybvi 13:1 h c irtpKOBmne Boa,aHHB E(j)ec. 4:11. PaHHaTa irtpicBa e Bioiyiajia Te3H xopa KaTO
Ha/iapeHH a,a cjry5KaT b HaKOJiKO 3acTi>nBaiHH ce OTHOineHHa. IIponoBa/rBaHeTO, npopoKyBaHeTO,
GnaroBecTBaHeTO h noynaBaHeTO bchhkh ce ocHOBaBaT Ha eBaHrejineTO, ho c pa3JiHHHO ya,apeHHe h
MeTOAOJiorHa.
12:8 „yBemaBa... yBemaBaHeTo" ToBa nonarae (parakaleo) e CBi>p3aHO c noynaBaHeTO (b>k. I Thm. 4:13).
Mo5Ke 6h TOBa e yMeHHeTO, npe3 KoeTO HCTHHaTa ce npnuara b 5KHBOTa. ToraBa to 6h ce CBi>p3ajio c E(J)ec.
4: 15,16, Kb/ieTO „roBopHM HCTHHaTa b jhoGob... 3a HeroBOTO [Ha TanoTo] H3rpa5Ka,aHe b jno6oBTa".
h „kohto pa3flaBa - c mcapocT" Bjk. CriELl,HAJlHO IIOH5ITHE no-aojry.
| CnEliHAJlHO noHflTHE: mEflEP / HECTEH (HAPLOTES)
Ta3H ayMa (haplotes) HMa jxbq KOHOTauini: „iHea,T>p" hjih „HCKpeH". ToBa e MeTaiJiopa, KoaTO ce
CBi>p3Ba c BH5KnaHeTO. B CTapna 3aBeT okoto e 6hjio MeTaiJiopa 3a mothbhtc b ape Hacoiai: (1) 3jioto
oko (Ha CKbnepHHK, B5K. BTop. 15:9 h lip. 23:6; 28:22); hjih (2) a,o6poTO oko (Ha meapHa, B5K. lip.
22:9). Hcyc cjieaBa Ta3H ynoTpeGa (bjk. MaTeii 6:22-23; 20:15). IlaBeji Ha cboh pea H3noji3Ba
noHaTHeTO b apa CMHCiJia: (1) „npocTOTa, HCKpeHOCT, HHCTOTa" (bjk. II Kop. 1:12; 11:3; E(J)ec. 6:5;
Koji. 3:22); hjih (2) „meapocT" (b*c. Phmji. 12:8; II Kop. 8:2; 9:11,13).
H „kohto ptKOBOflii - c yctpa;iie" To3h H3pa3 ce OTHaca 3a xpncTHaHCKOTO jmaepcTBO, He3aBHCHMO aajiH e
cipaHCTBamo hjih noMecTHO.
H „kohto noKajBa miijioct - c pa^ocr" H3pa3i>T Kacae noanoMaraHeTO Ha Gojimrre h Hy5Ka,aemHTe ce. Ha
Tpa6Ba a,a HMa pa3JiHKa Me>Kay apKipHHajiHOTO nponoBaaBaHe h couHajmaTa 3arpH5KeHOCT Ha oGiinrocTTa
Ha BapBamHTe. MoHeTaTa HMa ape cipaHH. He ci>mecTByBa HHKaKBO „couHajiHO eBaHrejme"; eBaHrejineTO
ch e eBaHrejme !
BMPOCH 3A OECtaCflAHE
To3h KOMeHTap e caMO pi>kobo3,ctbo 3a H3y x iaBaHe. ToBa 03HaHaBa, ne Bne caMH HOCHTe OTroBopHOCT 3a
HanHHa, no kohto TbjiKyBaTe EnGjinaTa. BceKH ot Hac TpaGBa a,a xo/th b CBeTjiHHaTa, KoaTO My e a,aa,eHa.
npnopHTeT npn HHrepnpeTauHaTa CTe caMHaT Bne, BaniaTa EnGjina h CBeTHaT JJyx. He 6nBa a,a
npexBipjiaTe Ta3H OTroBopHOCT Ha kohto Hjjae KOMeHTarop.
HacToamHTe Binpocn 3a o6ci>5KnaHe uejiaT %a bh noanoMorHaT %a oGmhcjihtc ocHOBHHTe TeMH b to3h
pa3aeji Ha nocjiamieTO. Hejrca hm e aa npeaifiBHKaT mhcjih, a He a,a aaaaT KpaHHH ottoboph.
1. KaKBO 03HanaBa a,a npeapTaBaTe TajiOTO ch b 5Kirea 5KepTBa (ct. 1)?
2. BceKH BapBam jih HMa ayxoBHa a,ap6a (ct. 3-8; I Kop. 12:7)? Ako e TaKa, M05Ke jih toh %a H36iipa
KaKBa me e Ta3H a,ap6a?
3. KaKBO e npe/rHa3HaHeHHeTO Ha ayxoBmrre a,ap6H?
4. HMa jih b EnGjinaTa H3HepnarejieH cnncbK Ha bchhkh a,ap6H?
5. KaK M05Ke hobck a,a onpeaejm Koa e aapGaTa My?
204
HABJIIOflEHHfl BtPXy KOHTEKCTA HA CTHXOBE 9-21
A. To3H pa3Aen M05Ke Han-^oGpe ^a ce 03arnaBH ,Xphcthhhckh Ham>TCTBHH 3a jthhhh
B3aHMOOTHOineHHa". TeKCTtT npe/iCTaBa npaKTHHecKO npHjKMceHHe Ha moGoBTa (bjk. MareS 5-7; I
Kop. 13 ra. nIHoaH3:18; 4:7-21).
B. Phmjmhh 12 rn. e mhoto cxo^Ha no ci>Ai>p>KaHHe h CTpyKTypa c I Kop. 12-13 rn. Be^nara cneji
npHji05KeHHeTO Ha ^yxoBHHTe jiapdu cnejipa npeAynpe^emie 3a ropAOCTra h aicneHT Bipxy
npaKTHHecKHa HanHH Ha 5khbot.
C. KoHTeKCTi>T ce 3aHHMaBa:
1. c HaniHTe OTHOineHHa c Apyrnre xphcthhhh (bjk. 12:9-13). Ta3H TeMa ce o6ci>5KZia b
noapoGHOCTH ci>mo b 14:1-15:13 hb I Kop. 8:11 hcji.; 10:23-33.
2. c Haiinrre OTHOineHHa c HeBapBamirre hjih ome no-BepoaTHO - c xphcthhhh, c kohto HMaMe
HjncaicbB kohcJijihkt (bjk. 12: 14-21). U,ejiHHT pa3Aen caKani e OTpajKemie Ha HcycoBaTa UponoBeA
Ha nuaHHHaTa (bjk. MaTeii 5-7 rn.).
3. Pa3AeneHHeTO Ha to3h tckct e AOHHKb/ie H3KycTBeHO, noHeace Te3H jipe o6nacm (Ha
B3aHMOOTHOineHHa) ce 3acTi>nBaT.
D. To3h TeKCT ce ^OMHHHpa ot MH05KecTB0 3anoBeAH 3a HanHHa hh Ha 5khbot (ceeahihh akthbhh
HMnEPATHBH, B5K. ct. 4 [Tpn m.TH], 16, 20 [«Ba iti>th], 21 [^Ba nun]; KaKTO h CEEAIUHH AKTHBHH
nPHHACTHil, kohto ce nsnojmaT etc 3HaHeHHe Ha HMnEPATHB nenn ceaeMHaaeceT m>Tn).
CnaceHHeTO e noaap-bK Ha Eo5KHHTa Gjiaroaar npe3 3aBT>pmeHOTO fleno Ha Xphctoc h ronpamaHeTO
Ha flyxa. Be/nrbJK nonyneHO oGane, to HMa CBoaTa neHa h b nocBemeHHeTO hh kt>m Bora, h b
peanHHa hh cthji Ha 5khbot! J\a Ha30BaBani Hcyc „rbcnoA" He e MeTaiJiopa (bjk. JlyKa 6:46)!
E. T03H TeKCT CblllO HMa HHKOJIKO CEFAIUHH nPHUACTHil, H3nOJI3BaHH B CMHCbJI Ha HMnEPATHBH c
OTPHHATEJIHA HACTHUA, KoeTO oGmcHOBeHO hoch 3HaHeHHe Ha npeKparaBaHe Ha nponec, kohto
Bene ce pa3rpT>ina - CTHxoBe 14, 16 (jipa m>Tn), 17, 19, 21. XpHCTHamrre Bene ca 5KHBenH h3bt>h
paMKHTe! B emm cmhcbji rpextT M05Ke ^a ce Ae<J)HHHpa KaTO npHjiaraHe Ha Eo5KHHTe Aap6n h3bt>h
nocTaHOBemrre ot Bora paMKH.
F. XpHCTHHHCTBOTO TpaGBa %a 6i>Ae „OTBopeHo" - c OTBopeHO ci>3HaHHe, c OTTBopeHH pme, c
OTBOpeHH BpaTH (B5K. .HkOB 2 TJI.).
H3CJIEflBAHE HA flYMH H OPA3H
HHTAT OT BBJirAPCKHfl nPEBOfl BEPEH — 12:9-13
" JlioGoBTa aa Gt^e 6e3 jnmeMepiie; OTBpamaBaiiTe ce ot 3jioto h ce jxp-hTKTQ 3apaBO 3a aoGpoTo; ^
ropemo ce oGnnaiiTe eanH apyr c GparcKa o6hh; ronpeBapBaiiTe ce aa ch OT/iaBaTe nonm qjxkk Ha Apyr. * ^
B yctpAneTO He dhRere neHHBH; Gt/ieTe nnaMeHHH no /ryx, KaTO cjry>KHTe Ha rocno^a; ^ paABairre ce b
HaAe5K/iaTa; Gt/ieTe tbt>pahb CKpi>6Ta; nocToaHCTBairre b MOJiHTBaTa; ^ noiviaraiiTe Ha CBeTHHTe b Hy5KHHTe
hm; CTpeMeTe ce kt>m rocTomoGne.
HHTAT OT AHDIHHCKHJI nPEBOfl NASB — 12:9-13
^Let love be without hypocrisy. Abhor what is evil; cling to what is good. ^Be devoted to one
another in brotherly love; give preference to one another in honor; Unot lagging behind in diligence,
fervent in spirit, serving the Lord; ^rejoicing in hope, persevering in tribulation, devoted to prayer,
^contributing to the needs of t he saints, practicing hospitality.
205
12:9 „jiio6oBTa jx& Stfle 6e3 jiiiueMepiie" B rp-bUKHa TeKCT HaMa CBi>p3BamH nyMH (asyndeton) b to3h
KOHTeKCT, KoeTO e apcra HeoGiPiaHHO 3a rp-bUKHa Koune. Bepoarao TyK e OTpa3eH HaKaicbB eBpeiicKH cthji
Ha imcaHe - M05Ke 6h rpaMaTHnecicaTa (JiopMa 3an 6jia5KeHCTBaTa ot MareA 5 rn. Ta3H rpaMaTHHecKa (JtopMa
6h nocTaBHjia aKHeHT Btpxy Bcaica enHa ot (Jipa3HTe KaTO caMOCToaTejma HCTHHa.
..JlHiieMepneTo" e TeaTpaneH TepMHH, 03HaHaBam ..roBopeHe H33an MacKa". JIioGoBTa He TpaGBa na
nrpae ponn hjih na ce npecTpyBa (bjk. II Kop. 6:6). JIioGoBTa e ocHOBHaTa xapaKrepHCTmca Ha xpHCTHamrre
(b5k. HoaH 13:34-35; 15:12,17; I HoaH3:ll,18; 4:7-21), noHeace e nacT ot xapaierepa Ha Bora.
h „OTBpamaBai"iTe ce ot oiuma, kocto e 3jio" Tjiaroji-bT e CEEAIIIHO 3E5ITEJIHO nPHtlACTHE, H3non3BaHO b
CMHCbna Ha HMnEPATHB. BapBamHTe TpaGBa na ce cermar h na ce OTBpamaBar ot 3jioto (bjk. I Con. 5:21-
22). HecTO Hne ce H3HeHanBaMe enHHCTBeHO ot nocjienirnHTe Ha 3jioto, KoraTO co6cmeeuuxm hu jkhbot ce e
onapHji.
NASB, NKJV „npnjienHHTe ce kbm oiuma, kocto e aoSpo"
NRSV „flptacTe 3/ipaBO OHOBa, kocto e aoSpo"
TEV „flpt>KTe ce 3a aoSpoTo"
NJB „CTHCKai"iTe aoSpoTo"
Tjiaroji-bT TyK e CEFAIIIHO ITACHBHO (ho H3non3BaHH b CPE^EH 3AJIOr) nPH^ACTHE, KoeTO HMa
3HaHeHHe Ha HMnEPATHB -„3ajienBaTe ce" (bjk. LXX of Emue 2:24; J\Qnmvi 8:29, KaKTO h Ohji. 4:8; I Con.
5:21-22).
12:10
NASB „6tfleTe OTaaflemi c uni apyrnMy c SpaTCKa o6iih"
NKJV „6tfleTe npiiBBp3aHii enim kbm apyniro c 6parojiH)6iie"
NRSV „o6iiHaHTe ce e/niH apyniro c npiiBtp3aHOCT"
TEV „o6iiHaHTe ce Tonjio KaTO xpiiCTiiHHii"
JB „o6iiHai"iTe ce tjxvm apyniro KaTO Spara"
TyK ce H3noii3Ba cjkwho rp-bnico cbmecTBHTejmo (phileo+storge), kocto cineTaBa npencTaBHTe 3a
„6paTCKa jik>6ob" h „ceMeiiHa jhoGob". ToBa cbneTamie He ce cpema apyraae b Hobhh 3aBeT XpHCTHamrre
ca ceMeiiCTBO. Hne bchhkh HMaMe enHa h ci>ma 3anoBen - aa oGnnaMe npyrHTe BapBanjH (bjk. I Con. 4:9).
ToBa e irbpBara nyMa ot nana nopenima nyMH b ^ATEJIEH IIA^E>K, nocTaBeHH b HanajiOTO Ha rp-bUKOTO
H3peHeHHe 3a aKHeHT.
NASB „OTflaBai"iTe en npernoHHTaHiie enim apyniMy c noHirr"
NKJV „c noHiiT OTflaBaiiKii ch npe/niMCTBO enim Ha apyr"
NRSV „ii3npeBapBai"iTe ce aa ch noKa3BaTe noHiiT"
TEV „c totobhoct en OTflaBattTe B3aiiMHa iiohht"
JB „noflfltpacaHTe abjiSoko yBaaceHne e^HH kbm apyr"
TyK HMaMe CEEAIIIHO cpe^ho (nenoHeHTHo) nPHHACTHE, H3noii3BaHo etc 3HaHeHHe Ha HMnEPATHB.
BapBanjHTe TpaGBa na ce oraacaT kt>m npyrHTe ch 3aBeTHH naprabop KaTO kt>m no-Ba5KHH ot Tax caMHTe
xopa (bjk. Ecjiec. 4:2; Ohji. 2:3).
12:11
NASB „6e3 aa ioocTaBare Ha3ar b yctpaiieTO ch"
NKJV „6e3 aa ioocTasaTe b yctpfliieTO ch"
NRSV „He inocTaBaHTe b peBHOCTTa"
TEV „pa6oTeTe yciuiHO, 6e3 aa CTe jieHimn"
JB „pa6oTeTe 3a Tocnoaa c HeyMopHH yciuiiiH"
HcTHHCKaTa J11060B npoH3Be5Kna ronaMa cnjia (bjk. Taji. 6:9).
NASB, NKJV „njiaMeHHii no ayx"
NRSV „ropeimi no ayx"
TEV „cbc ctpue, ntjiHO c OTflafleHOCT"
206
JB „c rojiHMa peBHOCT no ayx"
Jlyuara TyK e CErAIIIHO ^EilTEJIHO nPHHACTHE, H3non3BaHO cbc 3HaHemie Ha HMnEPATHB. H«Ba
GyKBajiHO ot rnarona „Bapa". Mo5Ke ^a ce OTHaca 3a HOBeniKHa /ryx hjih 3a Ob^tim JJyx, kohto oGnTaBa b
xpHCTHHHHTe (RSV, B5K. fl,eaHHH 18:25; Oncp. 3:15-16).
h „cjiyaceHKii Ha Tocnofla" Tjiaroji-bT TyK e noa (JtopMaTa Ha CErAIIIHO flEiTTEJTHO nPH^lACTHE, H3non3BaHO
etc cmhcbji Ha HMITEPATHB. B T03H TeKCT HMa BapnaHHH Me5K/iy opHrHHanHHTe MaHycKpHnTH. HacT ot
3anaAHOTO ceMeiiCTBO rpi>HKH piKonHCH (MSS D ^,Fh G) AaBaT „Ha BpeMeTO ch" (kairos) BMecTO „Ha
TocnoAa" (kurios). ToBa pa3JiHHHe no/rqepTaBa, ne TpaGBa aa cjry5KHM Ha Ibcnofla npn BcaKa ej$ia yaajia hh
ce bi>3mo5khoct (b5k. HoaH 9:4; Ecjtec. 5:16).
Ilo Bcaica BepoaTHOCT oGtpKBaHeTO TyK H/rBa, noHe5Ke rpi>HKaTa jsyma kurios e Gnjia Hepa36paHa hjih
HeAopa3HeTeHa. Han-^oGpHTe h HaH-^peBHH MaHycKpnnTH (P , N, A, B) r&b&t „cjry5KeHKH Ha IbcnoAa".
UBS^ nocoHBa, ne ayMaTa .XocnoA" TyK e ..cnrypHa" (A).
12:12 ,,|);uuaiiKii ce b HaaeacflaTa" Tjiaroji-bT TyK othobo e b CErAIIIHO ^EilTEJlHO nPH^ACTHE,
H3noji3BaHO etc cmhcbji Ha HMnEPATHB. IIoHaTHeTO ..namsiKjia" necTO ce cpema bi>b Bpi>3Ka c Btopoto
npHinecTBHe Ha Hcyc (bjk. 5:2). ToBa He e Ha/ie^a b CBBpeMeHHHH cmhcbji Ha jsym&Ta. Ilpn HOB03aBeTHaTa
ch ynoTpeGa Ta3H .zryMa hoch 3HaHeHHe Ha cnrypHO npeACToamo ci>6HTHe, ho HeonpeaejieHO Kora bi>b
BpeMeTO. Bjk. 6ejie5KKHTe ki>m 4: 18 h 5:2.
e „ycTOHBai"iKii" Othobo HMaMe CErAIIIHO ,H,E5ITEJIHO nPHHACTHE, H3noji3BaHO etc cmhcbji Ha
HMnEPATHB. IloHJiTHeTO 03HaHaBa „aKTHBHO, CB3HaTejiHO, ao6pobojiho nynopHTO ycToaBaHe".
H „b npeMeacfliiHTa" Ci>mo KaKTO b 5:3,5 ayMaTa „Haae5KAa" ce CBi>p3Ba c npeMe5K/rHHTa (thlipsis). TaKaBa
e HopMaTa 3a nocjieAOBaTejnne Ha Xphctoc b HacToamna na/rHaji b rpax cbat (bjk. MaTeii 5:10-16; JXexmw
14:22; Phmji. 8:17 h cji.; II Thm. 3:12; I IleTtp 4:12 h cji.). He TpaGBa hhto aa tbpchm CKBpGnre, hhto aa
rn OT6jn.CKBaMe! B>k. CnEHHAJTHO noHilTHE: nPEMEaC^Hfl / CKBPEH kbm 5:3.
e „nocBeTeHii b Mojnrraa" nopeAHHHT raaroji b CErAIIIHO fl,E5lTEJlHO nPHHACTHE, H3noji3BaHO cbc
cmhcbji Ha HMnEPATHB. MojiHTBaTa e /ryxoBHa AHCHHnjiHHa h #ap6a, kohto pa3no3HaBa Eo5KHHTa aKTHBHa
AJiaH b TeneHHe Ha HCTopiuiTa. Ha xpHCTHamrre hm e jiajieiio npaBOTO ^a ce mojiht 3a npoMaHa b
penieHHaTa Ha jnoGamiui hh HeGeceH Eama. Bor jihhho e npeueHHji, ne M05Ke ^a orpaHHHH ce6e ch ao
MOJiHTBHTe Ha CBOHTe na^a (bjk. fl,eaHHH 1:14; 2:42; 6:4; Eijiec. 6:18-19; Koji. 4:2). ToBa npeBpi>ma
MojiHTBaTa b orpoMHa OTroBopHOCT Bjk. Clinton Arnold, Three Crucial Questions About Spiritual Warfare,
CTp. 43-44, 187-188.
12:13
NASB, NRSV „noMaraHKii ja HyacfliiTe Ha CBeTiiiiTe"
NKJV „pa3npeflejiHHKH 3a HyacfliiTe Ha CBeTiiiiTe"
TEV „cnoflejiHHTe npHTeacamiHTa ch c HyacjiaemHTe ce xpiiCTiiHHii"
JB „cnoflejiHHTe etc cbhthtc Eo/Kiiii xopa, kohto ca b Hyaena"
rpmKHaT TJIAroJI koinoneo 03HaHaBa „HMaM oGmemie c HHKoro". 3a naBeji Ta3H jxyma HMa
pa3HOo6pa3HH KOHOTaiiHH. Ta BKjnoHBa KaKTO oGmeHHe b GjiaroBecTHeTO h bi>b (J)H3HHecKHTe Hy5K^H (bjk.
Taji. 6:6), TaKa h b cnoAejiHHe Ha CTpaAamuiTa Ha Xphctoc (bjk. Ohji. 3:8-10; I neTtp 4:13) h Ha caMHa
naBeji (bjk. Ohji. 4: 14). J\& 6i>Aeni Qjsyio c Xphctoc 03HaHaBa ^a 6i>Aeni Qjsyio h c HeroBHTe jiKwe Ha bcsko
hhbo! B>k. CnEHHAJTHO nOH5ITHE: CBETHH ki.m 1:7.
Tjiaroji-BT TyK e b CErAIIIHO flE5ITEJIHO nPH^ACTHE, H3noji3BaHO CBC cmhcbji Ha HMnEPATHB (B5K. np.
3:27; Taji. 6:10). XpncTHaHHTe TpaGBa ^a paGoTaT ycBp^HO, 3a ^a no/inoMaraT Hy5KAaemHTe ce b hmcto Ha
Hcyc Xphctoc (sm. II Kop. 8:11-12; Eijiec 4:28).
| CnELtHAJIHO nOHflTHE: KOINONIA
TepMHHi>T „o6meHHe" (koinonia) 03HaHaBa:
1. 6jIH3Ka Bpi>3Ka c HHKoro:
a. cbc CnHa (bjk. I HoaH 1:6; I Kop. 1:9)
b. c flyxa (kk. II Kop. 13:13; Ohji. 2:1)
207
c. c Oreii h etc Cima (bjk. I HoaH 1 :3)
d. etc 3aBeTHHTe Gpara h cecTpn (bjk. I HoaH 1:7; Jlesmwi 2:42; Tan. 2:9; Ohjihmoh 17 ex)
2. 6jiH3Ka Bpi>3Ka c Hema hjih rpynn:
a. c GnaroBecraeTO (bjk. Ohji. 1:5; Ohjihmoh 6)
b. c XpncTOBaTa icp-bB (bjk. I Kop. 10:16)
c. He c Mpaica (bjk. II Kop. 6: 14)
d. etc CTpa^aHHaTa (bjk. Ohji. 3:10; 4:14; I Ilerbp 4:13)
3. noflapi>K, HanpaBeH ot meapocT (b>k. Phmji. 12:13; 15:26; II Kop. 8:4; 9:13; Ohji. 4:15; EBp.
13:16)
4. Eo5khht %ap Ha Gjiaro/iaT nocpe^CTBOM Xphctoc, kohto Bi>3CTaHOBaBa oGmeHHeTO Me5K#y
xopaTa h Bora icaro Gpara h cecTpn b Xphctoc.
ToBa noA^epTaBa xoprooHrajiHOTO B3aHMOOTHOiiieHHe (Memjiy xopaTa), KoeTO ce oGycnaBa ot
BepTHKajiHOTO B3aHMOOTHOineHHe (Me5iyiy xopaTa h TBopeua). To ci>mo Taica noA^epTaBa wyanjiaTa ot
pa^ocT b xpHCTHHHCicaTa oGihhoct. BpeMeTO Ha raarojia nocTaBa aKueHT Bi>pxy HanajiOTO h
npoAi>Ji>KHTejiHOCTTa Ha TOBa oGihhoctho npe5KHBaBaHe (bjk. 1:3 [jipa ni>TH], 6, 7). XpHCTHHHCicaTa
Bapa e oGmHOCTHa!
® „ynpaacHHBai"iKii rocTonpneMCTBo" Tjiaroji-bT Tyic othobo e b CErAlUHO ^EilTEJlHO riPHtlACTHE,
H3noji3BaHO etc cmhcbji Ha HMITEPATHB. ByKBajiHHaT npeBOA 6h raacaji: ..npecjieABaHKH rocTonpneMCTBo"
(bjk. 6ejie5KKaTa kbm 14:19; B5K. I Thm. 3:2; Tht 1:8; EBp. 13:2; I Ilerbp 4:9). ToBa cjiysKemie e
roicjiiOHHTejiHO Ba5KHO b paHHaTa HbpKBa nopa/ni jioniaTa penyTauHH Ha KpainrbTHHre CTpaHonpHeMHHUH.
Cjry5KeHHeTO Han-Bene e icacaejio npneMaHeTO bki>ihh Ha irtTyBaiini xphcthhhckh nponoBeAHHUH.
IJHTAT OT EBJITAPCKHfl IIPEBOfl BEPEH — 12:14-21
14 EjiarocjiaBairre OHe3H, kohto bh roHaT; GjiarocjiaBairre h He KbjmeTe. I* PaABairre ce c OHe3H, kohto
ce pa/ipaT, h njianeTe c OHe3H, kohto njianaT l(3 Ei/ieTe e/niHOMHCJieHH; He BHCOKoyMCTBairre, a ce
npeAaBairre Ha ckpomhh Hema; He CHHTairre ce6e ch 3a whflpu. *■' Ha HHKoro He Bpi>maHTe 3jio 3a 3Jio.
MncjieTe 3a TOBa, KoeTO e Ao6po npeji BCHHKHre xopa. ^° Ako e bi>3mo5kho, aokojikoto 3aBHCH ot Bac,
5KHBeiiTe b Mnp c BCHHKHTe xopa. 1" Bi>3Jiio6eHH, He ch OTM-binaBaiiTe, a flairre mhcto Ha Eojkhji thjib;
3amoTO e nncaHo: ,,Ha Men npHHaAJie5KH OTMi>meHHeTO, A3 me OTnjiaTa, Ka3Ba rocnoA." H Taica, ,,aKO
HenpnaTejuiT th e rjia/ieH, HaxpaHH ro; aKO e 5KaaeH, Ravi My ^a nne; 3amoTO, TOBa KaTO npaBHin, me
HaTpynani 5Kap Ha raaBaTa My." 21 He ce ocTaBaii aa Te noGesiyiaBa 3jioto; a th no6e5iyiaBaH 3jioto npe3
AOGpOTO.
IJHTAT OT AHTJIHHCKHfl TIPEBORNASB — 12:14-21
l^Bless those who persecute you; bless and do not curse. l^Rejoice with those who rejoice, and
weep with those who weep. l*>Be f the same mind toward one another; do not be haughty in mind, but
associate with the lowly. Do not be wise in your own estimation. l^Never pay back evil for evil to
anyone. Respect what is right in the sight of all men. l^If possible, so far as it depends on you, be at
peace with all men. l^Never take your own revenge, beloved, but leave room for the wrath of God, for
it is written, „Vengeance is Mine, I will repay", says the Lord. 20 "But if your enemy is hungry,
FEED HIM, AND IF HE IS THIRSTY, GIVE HIM A DRINK; FOR IN SO DOING YOU WILL HEAP BURNING COALS
on His head." ^Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good.
12:14 „6jiarocjiaBHi"iTe oiicsii, kohto bh tohht" TyK Bene rjiarojn>T e b CErALUEH AKTHBEH HMriEPATHP h
ce cpema jipa itbth b e/niH h cbihh cthx. Hmcto ..EBjiorn" npoH3JiH3a ot rpmicaTa jiyMa ..GjiarocjiOBemie"
(bjk. MaTen 5:44; Jlyica 6:28; I Kop. 4:12; .Hkob 3:9-12; I neTi>p 3:9). B MairycKpHnTHTe P^" (Chester Beatty
Papyri) h B (Vaticanus), MecTOHMemieTO „bh" He npncbCTBa. TaKa 3anoBeATa CTaBa AOCTa no-nnipoKO
oGxBaTHa, BKjiKraaiiKH aocTa noBene bi>3mo5khocth 3a GjiarocjiaBaHe. 3a 3HaHeHHeTO Ha AyMaTa ..roHaT"
bjk. 6ejie5KKaTa ki>m 14:9.
a „He npoKjiHHaHTe" Tjiaroji-bT iyK e b CErALUEH cpe^eh 3AJlor (aenoHeHTeH) HMnEPATHB c
208
OTPHHATEJIHA ^lACTHHA, KoeTO oGhkhobcho 03HaHaBa npeKpaTaBaHe Ha Bene npofli>ji5KaBam nponec TyK
3anoBeATa ce oraaca 3a H3roBapaHeTO Ha Eo5KneTO HMe b MOJiHTBa 3a OTM-binemie (bjk. npHMepH b I Kop.
12:3). OnpeaejieHO oGane TyK He CTaBa jiyua 3a pyraeHe (bjk. Eijiec. 4:29; I HeTbp 3:9).
12:15 „paaBai"iTe ce c oiicsii, kohto ce paflBar, ii iuianeTe c oiicsii, koiito iuiaHar" Te3H ^Ba rnarona b
CEEAfflEH HHOHHHTHB ce H3non3BaT etc 3HaHeHHe Ha HMnEPATHBH. XpncTHaHHTe ca e/mo ceMeiicTBO. Te
He ca b cbpeBHOBamie noMe5iyiy ch, a TpaGBa #a ce oraacaT emm ki>m ^pyrnro etc ceMeinia o6hh. 3apa/ni
KOHTeKCTa Ha 14-21 ex ^opn e bi>3mo5kho TyK ^a ce OTpa3aBa otkuhkit Ha BapBamna ki>m HexpncTnaHCKaTa
oGlHHOCT, npH KOHTO Ce H3nOJI3BaT BCHHKH KyjITypHH BT>3M05KHOCTH h oGcToaTejiCTBa 3a nejnrre Ha
GnaroBecTHem
12:16
NASB, NKJV „iiMai"iTe eflHaKBO OTHOiuemie ejjHH kbm flpyruro"
NRSV „/Kin$cin c b xapMomiH noMeacay ch"
TEV „iiMaflTe e^Ha 11 ctuja jarpiiaceHOCT kbm bciihkh"
JB „TpeTiipai"iTe BceKiiro c eflHaKBa SjiarocT"
Tjiaroji-bT TyK e b CEEAHIHO flE5ITEJTHO nPHHACTHE, H3non3BaHO CbC CMHCbJi Ha HMnEPATHB (B5K. 15:5;
II Kop. 13:11; Ohji. 2:2). Orax 16 M05Ke ^a ce pa3rjie5K/ia bi>b Bpi>3Ka c (1) KOHcJunnera Memjiy BapBamirre
lo/jen h noBapBanHTe esHHHnnn b PnMCKaTa m>pKBa (bjk. 1 1 : 13-24); (2) ^peBHOTO Hepa36npaTejiCTBO Memjxy
pa3JiHHHHTe connajmn npocjioincn; (3) cbnepHH^eHeTO Memjxy pa3JiHHaBaniHTe ce ayxoBHn #ap6n; hjih (4)
HepasGnpaTejiCTBa MesK/iy npeACTaBHTejin Ha pa3Jin x iHH noKoneHHa.
H „He BiicoKoyMCTBaiiTe, a ce 3amiMaBaHTe c ManKiiTe" Diarojn>T TyK e b ceeahieh AKTHBEH
HMnEPATHB c OTPHHATEJIHA ^lACTHHA, KoeTO oGnKHOBeHO 03HaHaBa aa ce npeKpara nponec, kohto Bene ce
pa3BHBa.
flyMaTa „MajncnTe" M05Ke aa 6-hpg B MT>)KKH POfl hjih b CPE.HEH PO/i. Ako e B CPEJJEH PO/i, npeBOfli>T 6h
03HaHaBaji „npneManTe ckpomhh 3a/rbJi>KeHHa". Ako e B MT>}KKH POJJ, 3HaHeHneTO e ..oGuryBairre c Ge/niH
HJIH CKpOMHH XOpa".
h „He ce o6HBHBai"iTe 3a Mtflpeuii" flyMara e b CErAiiiEH cpejjeh 3AJior (AenoHenreH) HMnEPATHB c
OTPHHATEJIHA ^lACTHUA, KoeTO o6hkhob6ho 03HaHaBa npeKpaTaBaHe Ha nponec, kohto Bene ce pa3BHBa
(bjk. Ilp. 3:7; Hcaa 5:21; I Kop. 10:12; Eaji. 6:3). XpncTnaHHTe He Tpa6Ba ^a ce Ai>p>KaT Ha^MeHHO emm
cnpaMO Apyrnro, hhto #a npoaBaBaT aporaHTHOCT ki>m 3ao6HKajiamaTa rn oGihhoct ot HeBapBamn xopa.
12:17 „HiiKora miKoiviy He BptiHairre 3jio 3a 3jio" EjiarojrbT e b CEEAHIHO ,n,E5lTEJlHO nPH^ACTHE c
OTPHHATEJIHA *IACTHHA, H3noji3BaHO etc cmhcbji Ha HMnEPATHB, KoeTO oGnKHOBeHO 03HaHaBa
npeKpaTaBaHe Ha nponec, kohto Bene ce pa3BHBa. E/iHHCTBeHO ot Bora 3aBncn ^a onpaBa Hemara (bjk. Ilp.
20:22; 24:29; MaTeii 5:38-48; JIy K a 6:27; I Coji. 5:15; I ITeTi,p 3:9).
h „3aHiiTaHTe OHOBa, kocto e aoSpo b OHirre Ha bciihkh" Tjiaroji-bT e b CErAlllHO nPHHACTHE B CPEJJEH
3AJTOr, H3noji3BaHO cbc 3HaHeHHe Ha HMnEPATHB (bjk. II Kop. 8:21; I Coji. 5:22; I Thm. 3:7). Bi>3mo5kho e
TOBa aa e HaKaKBa ajno3Ha ki>m IIphthh 3:4 ot LXX. XpncTHaHHTe BHHarn 5KHBeaT c e^HO oko, OTBopeHO 3a
GjiaroBecrae. He TpaGBa ^a npe/mpHeMaMe hhiijo, KoeTO 6h Morao ^a OT6jii>CHe hjih oGh/ih HaKoii
HeBapBam hobck (bjk. I Kop. 9:19-23). J\opn h Haii-/ri>ji6oKHTe hh y6e5KAeHna TpaGBa ^a ce H3pa3aBaT c
jiK>6aino OTHOineHHe.
12:18 „aKO e bb3mo>kho h aokojikoto 3aBiicn ot Bac, StfleTe b Miip c bciihkh" ToBa H3peHeHHe e
ycJlOBHO H3PEHEHHE OT nTPBH KJIAC, KoeTO ce npneivia fl,a e BapHO ot rjie^Ha TOHKa Ha aBTopa h 3a
HeroBHTe jiHTepaiypHH nejm. To Be^Hara ce cjie^Ba ot apyro noA^HHeHO nspeneHHe etc CEEALUHO
AKTHBHO nPHTT^CTHE, H3noji3BaHO cbc 3HaHemie Ha HMnEPATHB. Ta3H bi>3mo5khoct HeBHHara me e Hajinije
npeA BapBamHTe, ho rpaMaraKaTa TyK aonycica, ne b noBeneTO cjiynan bi>3mo5khoct 3a Mnp me HMa (bjk.
MapK 9:50; II Kop. 13:11; I Coji. 5:13).
12:19 „HiiKora He ch OTMtmaBaHTe" Tjiaroji-bT e b CEEAHIHO ^EilTEJlHO nPH^ACTHE c OTPHHATEJIHA
tiacthl[A, H3noji3BaHO ci>c CMHCbji Ha HMnEPATHB, KoeTO oGnKHOBeHO 03HaHaBa npeKpaTaBaHe Ha nponec,
kohto Bene ce pa3BHBa. Eor HMa rpH5KaTa ^a onpaBn HemaTa ejiim Ren.
209
e „3amoTO e micaHo" TyK HMaMe nEPOEKTEH IIACHBEH HH^KATHB, KoeTO e ceMHTCKH hthtom 3a
no30BaBaHe Ha nncMeH CBenjeH TeKCT. To3h h^hom e napaneneH Ha H3pa3a ..Kaiero Ka3Ba TocnoA" (bjk. I Kop.
14:21 and II Kop. 6:17). B cnynaa pa3nonaraMe c HHTar ot BTopo3aKOHHe 32:35.
12:20 „ho aKO BpartT tii" ToBa e YCJIOBHO H3PEHEHHE OT TPETH KJIAC, Koero 03HanaBa bt>3mo:>kho
6i>Aemo pa3BHTHe. C Apyrn pyMn, HaMa #a H36eraeM HajmnneTO Ha BparoBe!
H „Tpynaui ropemii BBrjiemi Ha rjiasaTa My" Ajno3HHTa TyK e kt>m lip. 25:21-22. HMa hhkojiko ochobhh
bt>3mo5khocth 3a HHTepnpeTannji :
1. ToBa e KymypeH hahom, H^Bam Bepoarao ot Ernnex 3HaneHneTO My e, ne Ao6poTaTa e Haii-
AoGpnaT HanHH #a npeBi>pHein emm Bpar b npnaTen. TaKbB 6h cjieABano ^a e xphcthhhckhht
HanHH Ha peaKnna 3a Henpe/nfiBmcaHO 3jio OTHOineHne (bjk. MaTeii 5:44)
2. .XopemHTe BT>rjieHn" H3rjie5iyia npeACTaBjureaT cpaM 3a HepeAHHre achctbhh Ha apyrna hobck,
pa3o6nHHeHH b CBeTjiHHaTa Ha moGoBTa h nponncaTa ot Haina CTpaHa (bjk. AMBpocnacxbp,
ABiyCTHH Bjia5KeHH H HepOHHM Bjia5KeHH)
3. OpnreH h HoaH 3naToycT noconBar, ne TyK CTaBa jiyMa 3a xpncTHHHCKa GnarocT, kojito ocTaBa
Bora aa otct>ah Aopn oine no-CTporo HenoKaaHna 3JiOAeaTeji (bjk. the Jerome Biblical
Commentary, vol. 2, CTp. 326).
Bchhkh Te3H BapnaHTH ca ch npocTO TeopHH. KjHOHlT KIM 06aCHeHHeT0 CH OCTaBa B OCHOBHOTO
cbJK^eHHe Ha IlaBeji ot 2 1 cthx.
12:21 „He ocTaBHHTe 3jioto jx& bii HaaBiie, a Biie ro naiiBiiBaiirc c aoSpo" TyK HMaivie CErAUlEH
IIACHBEH HMnEPATHB h CErAIIIEH AKTHBEH HMnEPATHB. HainaTa peaianw cnpaMO HeneCTHOTO
OTHOineHHe me onpeAena h me OTpa3aBa CTeneHTa Ha Hainna BiTpeineH MHp h pa/K>CT. rbpnnjiKaTa e
AyxoBeH paK. BapBaninre TpaGBa BHHarn ^a a ocTaBaT b pmeTe Ha Bora.
H „3jioto" ToBa ci>mecTBHTejiHO e hjih B MTOKKH PC-fl h ce oraaca 3a 3jina, hjih e B CPEflEH ¥OJ\ h ce oraaca
3a 3jioto H3o6mo. Ta3H HeacHOTa He e HeoGnnaiiHa 3a HoBna 3aBeT (bjk. MaTeii 5:37; 6:13; 13:19,28; HoaH
17:15; II Can. 3:3; I HoaH2:13-14; 3:12; 5:18-19).
B1HPOCH 3A OECtaCflAHE Btpxy cthxobc 9-21
To3h KOMeHTap e caMO p'skobojctbo 3a nsynaBaHe. ToBa 03HanaBa, ne Bne caMH HOCHTe OTroBopHOCT 3a
HanHHa, no kohto TbjncyBaTe EnGnnaTa. BceKH ot Hac Tpa6Ba ^a xo^n b CBeTjiHHaTa, KoaTO My e p,aji$Yia.
IIpnopnTeT npn HHrepnpeTannaTa CTe caMnaT Bne, BamaTa EnGjina h CBeraaT JJyx. He 6nBa #a
npexBipjiaTe Ta3n OTroBopHOCT Ha kohto h %a e KOMeHTarop.
HacToanjHTe Binpocn 3a o6ci>ayiaHe nenaT ^a bh noAnoMoraaT ^a oGMncjinre ocHOBHHTe TeMn b to3h
pa3flen Ha nocnaHneTO. Hejrxa hm e aa npeflH3BHKaT mhcjih, a He aa /jaaaT KpaiiHH OTroBopn.
1 . 3aino HMa TonKOBa mhoto cetaiiihh hmhepathbh c otphhatejiha qACTHHA b craxoBe 9-21?
2. H36poiiTe bchhkh 3anoBeAn b Te3n craxoBe b KonoHKa e/nia noA apyra. Te ca HeBepoaTeH cnnciK
Ha npaKTHnecKOTO npnji05KeHne Ha hcthhckoto, e5KeAHeBHO xpncTonoAoGne!
3. 3anjo e TOjncoBa Tpy/iHO ^a ce onpe^ejia koh CTnxoBe ce OTHacaT 3a OTHomeHneTO Ha BapBanina ki>m
ApyrnTe xphcthhhh h koh KacaaT OTHomeHnaTa My c OKOJimrre HeBapBanjn xopa?
210
Phmjihhh 13 rjiaea
PAJflEJIEHHJI nO AE3AHH B CBBPEMEHHHTE nPEBOflH
UBS 4
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
JB
Cto6pa3«BaHe
CtC 3aKOHHTe
13:1-7
nO^HHHeHH
Ha npaBHTencTBOTO
13:1-7
XpHCTHilHHHKr
h fltpxaBaTa
13:1-7
3a/ji>jDKeHH«
KtM rpax^aHCKHTe
BJiaCTH
13:1-5
no^HHHiiBaHe
Ha BJiacTHTe
13:1-7
13:6-7
BpaTCKa jiio6ob
06HHaii CBoa OjinsceH
JIio6oBTa
H3HI>JIH«Ba 3aKOHa
3a^tJi}KeHHaTa
cnpaMO apynrre
JIK160B H BOHHa
13:8-10
13:8-10
13:8-10
13:8-10
13:8-10
Ha6jiH)KaBamic!T /jeH
Ha Xpiieroc
06neneTe XpncToc
Ha6jiH)KaBamoTO
BTopo npHinecTBHe
J\eu,a Ha CBeTJiHHara
13:11-14
13:11-14
13:11-14
13:11-13
13:14
13:11-14
nPOHHT HA TPETH HHKBJI (sac. CTp. ix)
nPOCJIE/JJIBAHE HA ABTOPCKOTO HAMEPEHHE HA HHBO AE3AHH
T03H KOMeHTap e caMO p^kobojctbo 3a royHaBaHe. ToBa 03HaHaBa, ne Bne caMH hochtc ottobophoct
3a HanHHa, no kohto TtjiKyBaTe EnGnHHTa. BceKH ot Hac TpaGBa ^a xo/ni b CBeTjiHHaTa, kojito My e jiajieiia.
IIpHopHTeT npn HHrepnpeTanHHTa CTe caMHHT BHe, BaniaTa EhGjihh h Cbcthht fl,yx. He Girea #a
npexBipnaTe Ta3H ottobophoct Ha kohto H^ae KOMeHTaTop.
IIpoHeTeTe rnaBaTa Ha emm rt>x. OnpeaejieTe TeMHTe. CinocTaBeTe BanieTO TeMaTHHHO pa3Aenemie c
neTTe ci>BpeMeHHH npeBo^a no-rope. Pa3AejiHHeTO Ha a63au.11 He e B/rtxHOBeHO ot Bora, ho e kjiiohobo 3a
npocjieASBaHeTO Ha aBTopcKOTO HaMepeHHe. A HMeHHO TOBa e b ci>pueBHHaTa Ha HHrepnpeTHpaHeTO.
BceKH a63au HMa e/iHa e/uiHCTBeHa TeMa.
1 . n-bpBH a63au
2. Btoph a63au
3. TpeTHa63au
4. H T.H.
HAEJIIOflEHHfl BEPXy KOHTEKCTA HA CTHXOBE 1-7
A. £I,OKaTO 12 rjiaBa ce OTHaca rnaBHO ao xpHCTHHHHHa, B3aHMOOTHomeHHHTa My c BapBaiHHTe (ct.
9-13) h ocTaHajiHTe xopa b o6mecTBOTO (ct. 14-21), rnaBa 13:1-7 Kacae xpncTHaHHHa h
rpa5K/iaHCKOTO ynpaBjiemie. BinpeicH TOBa, mma KOHTeKCTyanHO pa3AejiaHe Ha Te3H /use TeMH.
IlaBeji rn pa3rne5Kna KaTO e^HO. HaMa AyxoBeH h CBeTCKH 5khbot. Toh KaTO uhjio npHHaAJie5KH
Ha Bora. BapBamHTe ca HacToinnnrH Ha BcaKa oGnacT ot 5KHBOTa! BpT>3Kara MeiKjiy 12 h 13
rnaBH M05Ke ^a Gt/ie BH^aHa b 12:18.
B. Pa36npaHeTO Ha BapBamHTe 3a rpa5iyiaHCKOTO ynpaBjiemie rbpnH npoMeHH. B C3
ynpaBjieHneTO e noeTO ot noTOMnirre Ha KanH (bjk. Eurae 4:16-22). KyuaTa bt>b BaBHjiOH (bjk.
211
Birrae 11) CHMBOjnBHpa HOBeniKna onHT 3a caMoynpaBjiemie 6e3 Bora. Eo5KHeTO rocno^CTBO
TpaGBaine ji,a BjiacTBa Ha# H3pann npe3 6o5KecTBemiTe 3aKOHH h no# ynpaBjieHHeTO Ha nacTnpa
(LJapa), ho to ce npoBajin nopami HOBeniKna rpax. HcycoBaTa miCKycna 3a MacTOTO Ha
ynpaBjieHHeTO b MaTeii 22:21 h Mapk 12:17 e neHTpajma. Y^ryjipamo e, ne IlaBeji He
cnoMeHaBa HcycoBHTe jxyMn b to3h kohtckct (BinpeicH ne CTHxoBe 1-7 h 11 ca napanejiHH Ha
MaTeii 22:15-22 h 39). Bor e OTpemui pojia 3a ynpaBjieHHeTO b to3h namraji CBaT. Hecro m>TH
anocTOJiHTe ca npnHy/ieHH #a BjiroaT b cnopoBe othocho cb6tckoto h pejnirH03HOTO
ynpaBjieHHe. ToBa e Kaiero no3HTHBHa, TaKa h HeraTHBHa 3ajisna, b 3aBHCHMOCT ot peniemiaTa
Ha HOBeniKaTa BjiacT IlaBeji e Kaiero samirraBaH, Taica h npecjieABaH ot BjiacTHTe. B KHHraTa
OTKpoBeHne oGane HoaH npe^CTaBa BjiacTTa KaTO Bejnnca Gjiyminna (bjk. Otkp. 17)!
Hne TpaGBa #a noAKpenaMe BjiacTHTe ocBeH aKO TOBa He npoTHBopenn Ha HainaTa ciBecT h Te
He H3HCKBaT ot Hac mjiHa npeaaHOCT. rpa5K£aHCKHaT pea e 3a npemiOHHTaHe npea xaoca (bjk.
II Coji. 2:6-7).
C. Ctmara TeMa ce pa3rjie5K#a h b Tht 3: 1 h I Ilerbp 2: 13-17.
D. IIpe3 I BeK KwaroivrbT e pejinrna, npn3HaTa ot Phmckoto npaBHTencTBO. B npoAtJi^emie Ha
MHoro roAHHH, xpncTHaHCTBOTO e CHHTaHO 3a KweiicKa ceKTa (bjk. ,n,eaHHa 18:12-16 h cji.).
ToBa ocmypaBa npoTeKnna Bipxy paHHHTe MHCHOHepcKH /TBicKeHHa. Emia ot nejinre Ha
^eamia, e #a noKa5Ke, ne xpncTiiaHCTBOTO He npeACTaBjiaBa 3anjiaxa 3a ynpaBjieHHeTO Ha Phm .
Bee naK, Phm ocmypaBa Me5iyiyHapoAeH MHp h CTaGnjiHOCT (pax Romano), KoeTO cnocoGcTBa
pa3npocTpaHeHHeTO Ha eBamejmeTO (bjk. I Thm. 2:1-2).
E. To3h naca5K e npe^CTaBeH b CBeTjiHHaTa Ha jiiwHHTe IlaBjioBH npe5KHBaBaHna c BjiacTHTe.
Bt>3mo5kho e Ta3H nacT ^a e BKjnoneHa 3apa^H (1) Hanpe5KeHnaTa b m>pKBaTa b Phm, CBT>p3aHH c
npaBHTejiCTBeHHTe yKa3H (Hanp., orpampiaBaHe Ha eBpeiicKHTe pmyajm). ToBa M05Ke ^a e
npHHy^Hjio HaKOH BapBanra eBpen %a HanycHaT CTOJiHnara (Hanp. Aioijia h IIpHCKHjia, B5K.
^eamia 18:2). B TaxHO OTCbCTBHe BapBaiHjrre e3HHHHUH noeMaT ynpaBjieHHeTO ; (2)
Hanpe5KeHHeTO b Phm, cb3jiajieiio ot nponoBa/iBaHe Ha eBaHrejmeTO MeiKjiy rojieMHTe eBpeiicKH
oGiuhocth b rpaaa. HcTopmctT CBeTomrii mime b KHHraTa cmMueombm net Knaeduu 25.2, ne
HMnepaTopiT e roromui eBpenre ot CTOjnmara npe3 49r.cji.Xp. nopa/ra necra GyHTOBe,
npeAH3BHKaHH ot ..Chrestus" . BepoaTHO TOBa e jiaTHHCKHaT BapnaHT Ha hmcto Xphctoc
(Christos).
H3GJIEflBAHE HA flYMH H OPA3H
HHTAT OT EBJirAPCKHfl IIPEBOfl BEPEH — 13:1-7
1 BceKH HOBeK ff,a ce noA^HHaBa Ha BjiacTHTe, kohto ca nap, Hero; 3aiHOTO HaMa BjiacT, KoaTO ^a He e ot
Bora, h kojikoto Bjiacra HMa, Te ca onpeAeJiemi ot Bora. 2 3aTOBa, kohto ce cbnpoTHBjiaBa Ha BjiacTTa, ce
cbnpoTHBjiaBa Ha Bo5KHaTa Hape^Ga; a kohto ce cbnpoTHBjiaBaT, me HaBjieKaT ocT>5K/iaHe Ha ce6e ch. 3
3amoTO Bjia^eTejiHTe He ca CTpamHH 3a aoGpoTO aejio, a 3a 3jioto. A th ncicam jih #a He ce 6onm ot
BjiacTTa? Bipmn ^o6po, h me 6i>Aem noxBajieH ot Hea, 4 noHe5Ke Ta e Eo5Kna cjry5KHTejiKa 3a TBoe Ao6po.
Ho aKO Bipnrani 3jio, ^a ce Gohiii, 3amoTO Ta He hoch Hanpa3HO Mena, noHe5Ke e cjryjKHTejnca Ha Bora,
OTMicTHTejiKa 3a Haica3aHHe Ha to3h, kohto Bipmn 3jio. * 3aTOBa e Heo6xo/raMO j\a ce noKopaBaTe He caMO
nopa^H CTpax ot raeBa, ho h 3apaAH ciBecTTa. " IIoHe5Ke 3aTOBa njiamaTe h ^aH-bnii; 3amoTO ca Bojkhh
cjry5KHTejiH Te3n, kohto ca nocToaHHO 3aeTH c Ta3H ajii>>khoct. ' H TaKa, OT/iaBaiiTe Ha bchhkh /tbjdkhmoto:
Ha KoroTO ce jxbjimii RawbK - ^aHiKa, Ha kototo mhto - mhtoto, Ha kototo CTpax - CTpaxa, Ha kototo noHHT
- noHHTTa.
HHTAT OT AHDIHHCKHfl nPEBOAA^^B — 13:1-7
lEvery person is to be in subjection to the governing authorities. For there is no authority except
from God, and those which exist are established by God. ^Therefore whoever resists authority has
212
opposed the ordinance of God; and they who have opposed will receive condemnation upon
themselves. ^For rulers are not a cause of fear for good behavior, but for evil. Do you want to have no
fear of authority? Do what is good and you will have praise from the same; 4for it is a minister of God
to you for good. But if you do what is evil, be afraid; for it does not bear the sword for nothing; for it is
a minister of God, an avenger who brings wrath on the one who practices evil. ^Therefore it is
necessary to be in subjection, not only because of wrath, but also for conscience' sake. *>For because of
this you also pay taxes, for rulers are servants of God, devoting themselves to this very thing. ^Render
to all what is due them: tax to whom tax is due; custom to whom custom; fear to whom fear; honor to
whom honor.
13:1 „bcckh HOBeK TpaSBa aa ce noflHiiHiraa" H3pa3i>T e b ceranrao noBEJMTEJlHO HAKJIOHEHHE h
03HaHaBa ,„na 6i>AeM jxbpiKami b noA^HHeHHe" (bjk. Tht 3: 1; I rierbp 2: 13). JJyuaTa ..nojiHimemie" e BoeHeH
TepMHH, H3non3BaH, 3a Aa onnine CHCTeMa ot KOMaH/ni. Tyic IlaBen ninne ao bchhkh BapBamii (bjk. Ecjiec.
5:21), noA^epTaBaHKH, ne Tpa6Ba ^a ce noAHHHjreaT e/niH Ha Apyr. B Hainn mm no/piHHeHHeTO caicaiii HMa
HeraTHBHO 3ByneHe. noiwTHeTO npe/niojiara CMHpeHHe h ai>Ji6oko pa36npaHe 3a Eojkhji cbjit h HaineTO
Macro b Hero. Hcyc ce noAHHHjrea Ha (1) CBOHTe 3eMHH po^HTejiH (bjk. JlyKa 2:51) h Ha (2) Cbcmi HeGeceH
Otcii (bjk. I Kop. 15:28). B Ta3H oGjiacT Ton e HainnaT BOflgnl
H „Ha ynpaBjiHBamiiTe BjiacTii" BinpeicH ne Ha apyrn MecTa, IlaBeji H3non3Ba ayMaTa (exousid) no
OTHOineHHe Ha aHrejiCKHTe chjih, rnaBHO ^eMOHHHHHTe (bjk. 8:38; Koji. 1:16; 2:10,15; Eijiec. 1:21; 3:10;
6:12), TyK KOHTeKcrbT HMa npeABHA „rpa5K/iaHCKHTe BjiacTn" (b>k. I Kop. 2:6,8; Tht 3:1; I rierbp 2:13).
EnGjinaTa 3araTBa, ne 3a# HOBeniKHTe BjiacTH ctost aHrejiCKHTe (JXanaiui 10 rji. h LXX ot BTop. 32:8
„KoraTO BceBHniHHHT pa3flenH HapoAHre, pa3npi>CKBaHKH CHHOBeTe Ha AjiaM, Ton nocTaBH rpaHHuirre Ha
nneMeHaTa cnopeA 6poa Ha njieMeHaTa.") Ho Bee naK ynpaBjureamHTe ca noA Eojkhji kohtpoji (bjk. ct. lb,4a,
h6).
B>k. CnEI],HAJIHOTO nORHTHE no-flOJiy.
| CnEijHAJiHO noHATHE: HOBEUIKH BJIACTH
I. BBBEflEHHE
A. Onpe^eneHHe. ynpaBjieHHeTO e opramfianHH, Hano5KeHa ot HOBeica 3a ocnrypaBaHe h 3aiHHTa
Ha (J)H3HHeCKHTe My Hy5K£H.
B. Ueji. C nope a Eo5KHHTa bojiji peatT e 3a npe/niOHHTaHe npea aHapxnaTa.
1. MoiiceeBHaT 3aicoH, ocoGeHO ^ecerre 3anoBeAH, e Eo5KHHTa bojih 3a HOBenecTBoro b
oGmecTBOTO. 3aKom>T ocnrypaBa GajiaHC Meayry noicjiOHeHHeTO h 5KHBOTa.
2. EnGjiHiiTa He npenopi> x iBa onpe/iejieHa ynpaBjieHCica CTpyKTypa, BinpeitH ne
TeoKpaunaTa b ^peBeH H3paHji e emm chmboji 3a ynpaBjieHHeTO b HeGero. Hhto
AeMOKpaiiHaTa, hhto KanHTajiH3Mi>T, ca hcthhh, HaMHpaiiiH ce b EnGjinaTa.
XpHCTHaHHTe TpaGBa ^a nocrbrmaT noAoGaBamo, He3aBHCHMO KaKBa e CHCTeMaTa Ha
ynpaBjieHHe. UejiTa Ha xpHCTHamnia e aa eBaHrejnoHpa h aa cny5KH Ha Bora, He aa
opraHH3Hpa peBOjnoHHH.
C. IIpoH3xoA Ha HOBeniKOTO ynpaBjieHHe
1. Phmckhht KaTOJiHHicbM OTCToaBa H/ieaTa, He HOBeniKOTO ynpaBjieHHe e Bpo/ieHa
wyyKjia, Aopn npe/ni rpexonaAeHHero. KaTO ne jih ApncTOTeji e cirjiaceH c Ta3H
npe/mocTaBica. Toft Ka3Ba, ne „HOBeKi>T e nojiHTiPiecKO jkhbotho" h c TOBa HMa
npe/iBWi, ne ynpaBjieHHeTO CbinecTByBa, 3a ^a ocnrypH e/niH no-Ao6i>p 5khbot.
2. IIpoTecTaHTCTBOTO, ocoGeHO MapTHH JTyTep, noAAi>p>Ka cxBamaHeTO, ne
ynpaBjieHHeTO e cbohctb6ho Ha rpexona/ieHHeTO. Toil ro HapHna „jiaBaTa piica Ha
Bo5KHeTO HeGecHO uapcTBO." JlyTep Ka3Ba, ne „Bo5kh>it HanHH ^a KOHipojiHpa
jioniHTe xopa, e KaTO ^onycHe jioiho ynpaBjieHHe."
3. Kapji MapKC CMaTa, ne BjiacTTa e HanHHiT, no kohto ejinrbT M05Ke #a KOHTpojinpa
MacHTe. 3a Hero BjiacTra h pejinrnaTa rapaaT e/iHa h ci>ma pojia.
II. BHBJIEHCKH MATEPHAJI
213
A. CTapiMT 3aBeT
1. H3panji e MOflejrbT, kohto me ce H3noji3Ba b HeGem B ^peBeH H3paHji YHWH e HapaT.
TeoKpaiiHHTa e TepMHm>T, kohto onncBa ynpaBjiemieTO Ha Bora (bjk. I U,ape 8:4-9).
2. Eo5khht cyBepeHHTeT b HOBeniKOTO ynpaBjieHne acHO M05Ke ^a ce bh/hi b:
a. EpeMHH 27:6; E3apa 1:1
b. II JleTonncH 36:22
c. Hcaa 44:28
d. JI,aHaHji2:21
e. flaHanji 2:44
f. Aananji 4:17,25
g. flaHanji 5:28
3. Eo5KHHTe xopa TpaGBa #a ce no^HHaBaT h noHHTaT ^opn h 3aBjiaAaBamHTe rn, h
nopoGBanni BjiacTH:
a. flaHanji 1-4 rn., HaByxoflOHOCop
b. flaHanji 5 rn., Bajiracap
c. flaHanji 6 rn., J],apHH
d. E3flpa h HeeMHa
4. Eo5KHHTe xopa Tpa6Ba ^a ce mojiht 3a rpajK^aHCKHTe Bjiacra:
a. EpeMim 28:7
b. MHinHa3:2
B. Hobhat 3aBeT
1 . Hcyc noKa3a pecneKT ki>m CBeTCKHTe BjiacTH
a. MaTeii 17:24-27; nnamaHeTO Ha xpaMOBaTa TaKca
b. MaTeii 22:15-22, npneiviaHe Ha pHMCKHTe Taxcn h cjieAOBaTejmo Ha phmckhtc
rpa5K/iaHCKH BjiacTH.
c. HoaH 19: 11, Eor ^onycKa rpa5K^aHCKHTe BjiacTH
2. yneHHeTO Ha ElaBen othocho HOBenncoTO ynpaBjieHne
a. Phmjdihh 13:1-7, BapBamirre TpaGBa #a ce no^HHaBaT h #a ce mojdit 3a
rpa5K/iaHCKHTe BjiacTH
b. I THMOTeii 2:1-3, BapBaiHirre Tpa6Ba ^a ce mojiht 3a BjiacTHTe
c. Tht 3:1, BapBaniHTe Tpa6Ba ^a ca b noAHHHemie Ha BjiacTHTe
3. yneHHeTO Ha Elerbp othocho HOBenncoTO ynpaBjieHne
a. JIquhmh 4:1-31; 5:29, EleTtp h HoaH npeA CHHeflpnoHa (H3pa3 Ha rpa5K£aHCKO
HenoA^HHeHne)
b. I Elerbp 2: 13-17, BapBaiuiTre TpaGBa ^a ce noAHHHaBaT Ha BjiacTTa
4. yneHneTO Ha HoaH othocho HOBenncoTO ynpaBjieHne
a. OTKpoBeHne 17 ra., GjryAHHuara Ha BaBnjiOH e b panaTa Ha HOBenncara BjiacT, KoaTO
ce npoTHBonocTaBa Ha Bora
III. 3AKJIIOHEHHE
1. HoBeniKOTO ynpaBjieHne e aaaeHO 0T Bora. He ce icacae 3a „6o5KecTBeHO npaBO Ha uapeTe", ho
3a HajiHHne Ha BjiacT, aonycHaTa ot Bora. Hincoa (Jiopivia Ha ynpaBjieHne He e npeanoHnraHa
npea Apyra.
2. 3a BapBamnre e pejinrno3HO 3aai>JDKeHHe ^a ce noAHHHaBaT Ha BjiacTTa c noaoGaBamo,
noHTHTejiHO noBeneHHe.
3. Pernio e BapBamnTe #a no/inoMaraT npaBHTejiCTBOTO c njiamaHe Ha Aam>nH n mojihtbh.
4. HoBeniKOTO ynpaBjieHne e Hy5KHO, 3a ^a HMa pen- 3a Ta3n ueji, Te ca Bojkhh cjry5KHTejiH.
5. HoBeniKOTO ynpaBjieHne He e peniaBamo. To e orpamiHeHO b CBoaTa BjiacT BapBaiHirre Tpa6Ba
Aa pearnpaT no ciBecT, OTXBi>pjiaHKH rpa5iyiaHCKaTa BjiacT, KoaTO He 3anHTa GojKecTBemrre
Hape^H. KaKTO ABrycTHH OTCToaBa b Eojkmm zpad, mie CMe rpa5K/iaHH Ha jipe Hapcraa,
e^HOTO e BpeMeHHO, a npyroTO - BenHO. H 3a ABeTe HMaMe OTroBopHOCT, ho Eo5KHeTO uapcTBO
e ochobho! Hajinue e Kaiero HHflHBH/iyajieH, TaKa h o6m (Jtoicyc b HaniaTa ottobophoct npeA
Bora.
6. TpaGBa #a HacbpnaBaivie BapBamnTe b AeMOKpaTHHHara cncTeMa aKTHBHO #a ynacTBaT b
ynpaBjieHHeTO h axo e bi>3mo5kho ^a My BjinaaT, npHjiaraiiKH nncaHHaTa.
7. CoiniajiHaTa npoMaHa, TpaGBa aa Gt^e npeaxo^aHa ot jihhho o6pi>meHHe. HoBenncaTa BjiacT
He npe/iJiara Ha^e^a 3a nocjie^HHTe ahh. Maicap h aonycHaTH ot Bora, bchhkh BjiacTH ca
214
np&jrea Ha rpexoBHOTO HOBeniKO OTXBi>pjiaHe Ha Eo5KHeTO ynpaBjiemie. Ta3H npe^CTaBa ce
BH5K/ia b HoaHOBaTa ynoTpeGa Ha TepMHHa „CBaT".
NASB «Te3H, koiito ctmecTByBaT, ca ycTaHOBemi ot Bora"
NKJV „ctmecTByBamiiTe ca inSpami ot Bora"
NRSV «Te3ii, koiito ca yHpeflemi ot Bora"
TEV „koiito ca nocTaBeHii ot Bora"
NJB „koiito ca Ha3HaHeHii ot Bora"
ToBa e nEPH(DPA3HPAm ITACHB B ITOBEJIHTEJIHO HAKJIOHEHHE. Toil nOTBT.p:»maBa, He Bor CTOH 3afl
Bcaica HOBennca BjiacT (bjk. HoaH 19:11). He ce oraaca ao „6o5KecTBeHOTO npaBO Ha napeTe #a Bjia/ieaT", ho
Kacae 6o5KecTBeHaTa Bona 3a pea- HaMa 3a iien aa yTB-bp^H cneuniJiHHHa (Jtopivia Ha ynpaBjiemie, a
HeoGxoAHMOCTTa ot Hero. rpa5K/iaHCKHaT pea e no-Ao6i>p ot xaoca (bjk. ct. 6).
13:2 „hcckii, kohto ce ctnpoTiiBjiHBa Ha BjiacTTa" ToBa e MHHano Bi>3BpaTHO npmacTHe. Kacae ce 3a
necTHa 6yHT Ha jiHHHOCTra cpenry ycTaHOBemia pea, o6pa3HO, „aa ce nocTaBHM b ono3HHHa" (bjk. JXestmw
18:6; .Hkob 5:6). B MapK 12:17 Hcyc acHO noKa3Ba cijiepHTe Ha ynpaBjiemieTO h m>pKBaTa. B fl,eamia 5:25-
32 BH5iyiaMe KaKBO ce cnyraa, KoraTO BjiacTHTe HanBHinaBaT cbohtc npaBOMOiinia.
H „ce e npoTiiBiiji... ca ce npoTiiBiuiii" TyK H3pa3HTe ca b roaBHTejiHO HaicjioHeHHe h MHHano npHnacTne.
CTaBa AyMa 3a eniTH ycTaHOBeH 6yHT. Bor ce e norpH5KHji na HMa pen b to3h rpeineH CBaT (bjk. ct. 4,6) J\& ce
npoTHBonocTaBain Ha pena, e Bee enHO na bt>pbhhi cpenry Bora, ocBeH aKO rpa5KnaHCKHTe BjiacTH He
npecrbnBaT rpamiHHTe, ycTaHOBeHH ot Hero. Hcthhciomt nyxoBeH Binpoc ce CBe5Kna no nonHHHemie Ha
naneHHa aBTopHTeT nanHajiOTO HOBenecTBO HCKa 3btohomhoct!
H „me nojiynaT octacaaHe Ha ce6e ch" npn KJV nyMaTa e „npoKjiaTHe". Ta 3acHjiBa CBoeTO 3HaHemie b
aHraHHCKHH e3HK cjien 1611 r.cn.Xp. NKJV ro npeBe5Kna KaTO „HaKa3aHHe." B KOHreiccTa TOBa M05Ke na ce
oraaca no (1) Bo5KHeTO ocb5KneHHe hjih (2) rpa5KnaHCKOTO HaKa3aHHe (b>k. ct. 4). Te3H xopa nQHacaT Ha
ce6e ch ocb5KneHHe nopann CBoeTO HenonHKHemie h HenpaBHjiHOTO ch OTHomemie kt>m BjiacTHTe (bjk.
HoaH 3:17-21).
13:3 Bjk. napanenmia KOMeHTap kt>m I neTip 2:14.
h „BjiacT" B>k. CnELtHAHHO noHJlTHE: ARCHEb 8:38.
13:4 „BjiaaeTejiHT e Eoacn cnyaciiTeji 3a iiama nojwa" rpa5KnaHCKHTe BjiacTH neiicTBaT cpemy noniHTe
HOBeiiH, nQKaro HMa h TaKHBa, kohto TtpcaT co6ctb6hoto ch OTM-bmemie (bjk. 12:17-19). JlyTep
KOHCTaTHpa, ne „Eo5KHaT HanHH na KOHTpojinpa noniHTe xopa, e icaro hm nane jioiuh ynpaBHHHH."
m „aKo" ToBa e ycnoBHO HaicjioHeHHe, Koero 03HanaBa BT>3MO^HO flEHCTBHE B Et/jEmETO.
NASB „He hoch iviena ch Hanpa3Ho"
NKJV „He hoch iviena ch 6e3 noji3a"
NRSV „BjiacTTa He hoch Mena ch 6e3pe3yjiTaTHo"
TEV „THXHara BjiacT aa HaKajsaT e peajma"
NJB „HecjiyHaHHO mchbt e chmboji Ha THXHaTa BjiacT"
J],yMaTa (machairti) HMa npenBHn Kbcna phmckh Men, kohto e H3noji3BaH 3a HanaraHe Ha cmt>ptho
HaKa3aHHe (bjk. fl,eaHHH 12:2; Phmji. 8:35). To3h naca5K h fl,eamia 25:11 npennaraT H3 ocHOBamie 3a
CMipTHOTO HaKa3aHHe, AOKaro BnTHe 9:6 acHO noKa3Ba nepcneKTHBHTe b CTapna 3aBeT CTpaxtT e e^na
eiJteKTHBHa cnnpanKa 3a xaoca!
H „toh e cjiyaciiTeji Ha Bora, otmbcthtcji" TepMHHi>T 3a OTMimeHHe (ekdikos) e H3non3BaH HaKOJiKO m>TH
b C3. H3non3BaH e h b mpBaTa nacT Ha JleBHT 19:18. B CTapnaT 3aBeT aKO emm hobck y6ne npyr, nopn h
cnynaHHO, ceMeiiCTBOTO Ha yGnraa HMa npaBO ^a npHji05KH OTMimeHHeTO „oko 3a oko". H3rjie5K/ia naBen
215
npaBH Bpi>3Ka Me5K#y CTapo3aBeTHHH odmavi h npaBOTO Ha rpajK^aHCKara Bjiacx
13:5 „Heo6xofliiMO e jx& Sb/km b noflHiiHeHiie" H3Ji05KeHH ca ABe iiphhhhh: (1) 3a aa H36erHeM
Haica3aHHeTO, Eo5KHeTO hjih TOBa Ha rpa5iyiaHCKHTe BjiacTH; (2) 3apaAH cbBecrra Ha BapBamirre.
H „3apaflii cbBecTTa" Haivta CTapo3aBeTHO ci>OTBeTCTBHe Ha rp. #yMa „ci>BecT", ocBeH aKO eBpeiicKOTO
noiwrae „CT>pne" He no^pasGnpa caMOCi>3HaHHe h ronHTBaHe Ha mothbhtc B opnrHHan rp-bniuraT TepMHH
e CBi>p3aH c neTTe ceTHBa. H3noji3Ba ce ^a o6o3HaHH B-bTpeiimiM hh yceT (bjk. Phmji. 2: 15). IlaBeji ronojma
to3h TepMHH jipa m>TH Ha nponeca ch b JXesmwt (Hanp., 23:1 h 24:16). HMa ce npeABH/i HeroBaTa
yBepeHOCT, ne c ^eHCTBiMTa ch He e npHcrbnHji HHKoe ot penHrH03HHTe ch 3aAtJr>KeHHa kt>m Bora (bjk. I
Kop. 4:4).
CiBecTTa e /ti>ji6okoto CT>3HaHHe Ha BapBamirre, hhhto mothbh h achctbhh ca 6a3npaHH Ha (1)
GnGjieiiCKHa Mupornex (2) 5KHBOTBopaiHHH flyx; h (3) HanHHa Ha 5khbot, ocHOBaBam ce Ha Eo5KHeTO cjiobo.
ToBa e bi>3mo5kho npe3 jihhhoto npneMaHe Ha eBaHrejineTO.
13:6 „nopaflii TOBa Biie cbiho njiamaTe TaKcii" ToBa e CErAfflHO fl,E5!TEJlHO HAKJIOHEHHE, Binpeioi ne
no (JtopMa M05Ke aa 5l ae CErAUiHO ^e^tejiho noBEJiHTEHHO hakjiohehhe (bjk. JB). H3pa3i.T e npnMep 3a
xpHCTHaHCKaTa OTTOBopHOCT npeA BjiacTHTe nopa^H (jiaicTa, ne rpa5iyiaHCKHTe ynpaBmnrn ca Bojkhh
cjry5KHTenH.
13:7
NASB „OTflaBai"iTe bciihko, Koexo iim flBjiaarre: TaKcii...; oSuHaii...; CTpax...; hcct"
NKJV „OTnjiam»HTe ce c bciihko; TaKcii...; HapeaSii...; CTpax...; iiohiit"
NRSV „3aiuiam»HTe bciihko abjukiimo - TaKcii...; npiixo hi...; 3aHiiTaHe...; yBaaceraie"
TEV „njiaTeTe, KoraTO jjBjiaaiTe; njiamaiiTe jiiihhhtc h ccmchhiitc ch aaHtuii ii noKajBaiTre
noHiiT ii yBaacemie"
JB „njiamaiiTe Ha BCHKa rpancica BjiacT abjbkhmoto - He3aBiiCHMO flanii ca npeKii hjih He,
etc CTpax ii noHiiT"
Mo5Ke Aa ce icacae 3a pa3JiHHHH BjiacTH (bjk. RSV), ho TOBa, KoeTO ce HMa iipe/nm^, e, ne xpHcraaHHTe
Tpa6Ba aa noHnraT BjiacTHTe h ^a nuamaT ^i>Ji>KHMHTe TaKCH, 3amoTO ynpaBHHUHTe (JiyHKUHOHHpaT KaTO
Bojkhh cjrv'5KHTejiH (bjk. ct. 1,4,6; MaTeii 22:15-22).
e IIoHaTHaTa „TaKCH" h „o6HHaH" ca H3noji3BaHH KaTO chhohhmh (BinpeicH ne TEV npaBH pa3HHKa). Ako
th pa3rneAaMe eTHMOJioriMHO (b opHrHHanHOTO 3HaHeHHe), m>pBHTe ce OTHacaT 3a TaKCHTe Bipxy
nopoGemrre Hapo/ni (bjk. JlyKa 20:22) a BTopnTe ca 3a jiHHHHTe TaKCH h Aam>nH (bjk. MaTeii 17:25;
22:17,19).
HAEJIK)flEHHJI BBPXY KOHTEKCTA HA PHMJMHH 13:8-14
A. Bt>3mo5kho e ^a pa36epeM CTHxoBe 1-7 6yKBajiHO h jihhho. BinpeicH ne BinpocbT 3a ai>JI3khmoto b cthx
7 H3rae5K/ia e pasrne^aH b pa3JiHHeH cmhcbji, b cthx 8. BapBamirre HMaT 3a/n>Ji>KeHHJi kt>m / Tbp>KaBaTa; Te
HMaT JIbJIT H KbM OCTaHajIHTe HOBeiUKH ci>mecTBa.
B. CTHxoBe 8-10 ca eAH03HaHHH etc CTHxoBe 11-14. Te ca npoAtiraceHHe Ha AHCKycHjrra ot 12 rnaBa 3a
OTrOBOpHOCTTa Ha XpHCTHHHHTe && oGHHaT OKOJIHHTe.
C. H3non3BaHKH C3 AeKanor KaTO MopaneH Hapi>HHHK 3a H3 BapBamn, IlaBeji noica3Ba, ne C3 e aKTyaneH
3a GoroyroAHHa 5khbot (ocBemeHneTo), ho He h 3a cnaceHneTO (onpaB/iaHHeTO, B5K. TajiaTaHH 3 rnaBa).
H3rjie5iyia, IlaBen KOMGnHnpa hhkojiko H3TOHHHKa, 3a ^a H3rpaAH CBOHTe eTHnecKH w^Kjissom:
1 . ^yMHTe Ha Hcyc
2. Ham>TCTBHeTO Ha CBeTHa JJyx
3. CTapHHT 3aBeT
4. paBHHCKOTO ch ooyHeHHe
5. no3HaHHeTO ch 3a rpmKHTe MHCJiHTenH (ocoGeHO CToraiHTe)
ToBa xapaKTepn3Hpa „3aKOHa Ha nioGoBTa" - jhoGob ki>m Bora, jiioGob kt>m HOBenecTBOTO, cny5K6a Ha Bora,
216
cnyacGa Ha HOBenecTBOTo!
D. CTHxoBe 11-14 HMaT ecxaTOJinriPiecKa (icacaema nocjie/moTO BpeMe) opHeHranHa. KoHTpacTHTe Me5Kny
rbMHHHaTa h CBeTjiHHaTa ca ochobhh b KwencicaTa jiHTepaTypa, BKjiiOHHTejiHO h b CBHrbHirre ot Mt>ptbo
Mope. ToBa e h oGiiioto b nHcamiaTa Ha HoaH h IlaBeji. HanpejKemieTO Meac^iy „BeHe" h ,,Bce ome He", ce
asasa CTHMyn 3a 6oroyro/mocT b xpncTHaHCKHa 5khbot. „HoBaTa enoxa" (Eo5KHeTO LJapcTBo) e Ha xoa h
CKopo me 6i>Ae b cnna. To3h naca5K e mhoto no/ioGeH Ha I Con. 5:1-11.
CraxoBe 13-14 H3HipaBaT Ba5KHa pona 3a npoMaHaTa b 5KHBOTa Ha ABrycraH npe3 386 r. en. Xp. Toil
Ka3Ba b CBOHTe H3noeedu 8:29: ..noBene HaManie #a neTa, nopn He ronHTBax TaicaBa Hy5K#a; hhcthhkthbho
b icpaa Ha TOBa ropeHeHHe, acHa CBeTjiHHa rorpa b cbpneTO mh h Bcaica camca Ha ci>MHeHHe H3ne3Ha
6e3cneflHO."
H3CJIEflBAHE HA flYMH H OPA3H
HHTAT OT EBJITAPCKHJI IIPEBOfl BEPEH— 13:8-10
° He Rbjimdie Ha HHKoro hhiiio ocBeH B3aHMHa jho6ob; 3amoTO, kohto jiio6h ^pyrnro, e H3m>jiHHji
3aKOHa. " IIoHe5Ke 3anoBe/raTe: „He npenioGoAeHCTBaH; He yGHBaii; He Kpa/ra; He nosKejiaBaii"; h icoa ^a
6hjio Apyra 3anoBeA ce o6o6maBaT b Te3H ayMn: ,J\& jtk>6hiii GuicKHHa ch KaKTO ce6e ch." ^ JIioGoBTa He
BipniH 3jio Ha 6nH>KHHa, cneAOBaTejiHO, nioGoBTa e H3m>jiHeHHe Ha 3aKOHa.
HHTAT OT AHDIHHCKHfl IIPEBOfl NASB — 13:8-10
^Owe nothing to anyone except to love one another; for he who loves his neighbor has fulfilled the
law. ^For this, „You shall not commit adultery, You shall not murder, You shall not steal, You shall not
covet", and if there is any other commandment, it is summed up in this saying, „You shall love your
neighbor as yourself." l^Love does no wrong to a neighbor; therefore love is the fulfillment of the law.
13:8 „He fltjiaceTe imiuo miKOMy" Tcrna e CEEAIIIHO fl,E5!TEJlHO nPHtlACTHE c OTpHiiaTejma Hacrana,
ynoTpeGaBaHO 3a cnnpaHeTO Ha aeiicTBHe, KoeTO e b nponec Ha pa3BHTne. B Ta3H (Jipa3a HMa js^a HeraraBa.
Mo5Ke Aa ce OTHaca #o Binpoca c AaitbHHTe (ex 6-7). ®HHaHCOBHaT jxbjiv BHHara npHHHHaBa eMOHHOHajrao
h ziyxoBHO 6peMe. IIa3eTe ce ot MaTepnajiroMa. Toft orpaGBa xpHCTHamrre h Te He MoraT ^a no/moMaraT
xpncTHaHCKHTe Kay3H h npeHeGperBar jihhhoto MHnocbp/rae. To3h cthx He M05Ke ^a Gt^e H3non3BaH icaro
AOKa3aTencTBeH tckct 3a noTpeGHTencKHa tcpe/prr. BnGjinaTa Tpa6Ba ^a ce rbnicyBa b CBeTjiHHaTa Ha CBoeTO
BpeMe. Ta He e cyTpeineH aMepmcaHCKH b6cthhk! CTHxoBe 8-10 BH3HpaT npe/raMCTBaTa Ha B3aHMHaTa o6hh
(1) KaTO 3aBeTHH 6paTa (MaTeii 22:39-40; HoaH 13:34-35); h (2) icaro paBHH HOBennui ci>mecTBa (bjk. MaTeii
5:42; Taji. 6:10).
H „npneMeTe jxa ce oSiiHare enim apyr" TOBa e kjhoh-bt b CTHxoBe 8-10 (bjk. HoaH 13:34; 15:12; Phmji.
12:10; I Kop. 13; Ohji. 2:3-4; I Coji. 4:9; E B p. 13:1; II nerap 1:7; I HoaH 3:11; 4:7, 11-12).
h „kohto oSiraa ctcefla ch" To3h rjiaron e b CErALUHO BPEME, AKTHBEH 3AJIOE He ce oraaca 3a
eAH03HaHHO hjih BpeMeHHO AeiicTBHe Ha jtk>6ob, ho TOBa e HaHmrbT Ha jkhbot cnopeA xpncTonoAoGHaTa
jno6oB.
JiymaTa ..Cbceji" 6yicBajiHO 03HaHaBa, „Haicoii ot pa3HHHeH bha" {heteros), BMipeKH ne pa3HHKaTa Me^Kjiy
heteros h alios (HaKoii ot cbiiraa bha) H3He3Ba b rpmiaia KoiiHe. B KOHreiccTa, AyMaTa ce OTHaca 3a ci>ceA b
HaH-innpoKH rpaHHiiH, Kaiero BapBam, TaKa h HeBapBam (bjk. JlyKa 12:14-21; 10:25-37). OGane HHTarbT ot
JleBHT 19: 18 b KOHTeKCTa ce OTHaca 3a HaKoii 3aBeTeH ^pyrap (npnaTeji, H3paHjiTaHHH).
XpHCTHamrre Tpa6Ba ^a oGnnaT ocTaHanHTe xpncTHaHH h H3ry6eHHTe rpeniHH xopa icaro noTeHiinanHH
6paTa. XpncTHaHCTBOTO e ceMeiiCTBO. BceKH HjieH 5KHBee h cnyjKH 3a 3ApaBeTO h pacTe5Ka Ha uanoTO (bjk. I
Kop. 12:7).
H
NASB, NKJV, NRSV „e inntjmeHO b 3aKOHa"
TEV „noflHiiHHBa ce Ha 3aKOHa"
217
JB „npeMaxHajio e HauiiiTe 3aatjiaceHiiH"
IIo3HaTHJiT rpmKH raaroji (pleroo) M05Ke #a 6i>Ae npeBeneH no hhkojiko HanHHH. Ton e b ITEPOEKTHO
BPEME, AKTHBEH 3AJIOr, H355BHTEJIHO HAKJIOHEHHE, KOeTO MOace m 6l>JIg npQBQRQHO KaTO „6hjio e H
npoAi>Ji>KaBa ^a ce H3m>jmaBa." PoGtpT XaMa iniTHpa A. T. PoGtpTCbH h ro HapHHa ..oGmonpneTO
nepiJieKTHO, othocho HCTHHaTa, KoaTO e ao6pe no3HaTa Ha cjiyniaTejiHTe" (Robert Hanna, A Grammatical
Aid to The GreekNew Testament, CTp. 28). IIoBTapa ce b cthx 10 (bjk. Tan. 5:14; 6:2).
13:9 He e HeoGirqairHO 3a IlaBeji aa H3non3Ba MoHceeBiia 3aicoH (H3xoa 20:13-17 hjih BTop. 5:17-21 h
JleBHT 19:18), 3a ^a MOTHBHpa HOB03aBeTHHTe BapBanni. B Eijiec. 6:2-3, IlaBeji ci>iho H3non3Ba e/ina ot
^eceTTe 3anoBe/rH KaTO MOTHBainia 3a BapBamine (bjk. I Thm. 1:9-10). To3h CTapo3aBeTeH tckct He icacae
cpeACTBOTO 3a cnaceHne, ho Bee naK e OTKpHTaTa Eojkhh bojih 3a OTHonieHHeTO Ha BapBamirre ki>m Bora h
emm kt>m /rpyr (bjk. Phmji. 15:4; I Kop. 10:6,11). Mo5Ke 6h, nHTHpaincH CTapna 3aBeT, IlaBeji ce onHTBa #a
AOCTHrHe KaKTO eBpenTe, Taica h esHHHHUHTe b pnMCKaTa irtpicBa. H3non3BaHeTO Ha TepMHHa „H3m>jiHeH"
Cbinp ce oraaca kbm HcycoBaTa /niCKycHa 3a 3aKOHa b MaTeii 5:17.
Bt>3mo5kho e TOBa no npHHuiin ^a ce oraaca 3a 3aicoHa, 3a conHajimrre hopmh h He cneniiajiHO 3a
MoiiceeBHa 3aicoH (bjk. JB). 06ane dpaierbT, ne IlaBen nHrapa C3 b cthx 9 noACica3Ba, ne toh ce oraaca ao
MoiiceeBHa 3aKDH . 3a6ene5KeTe, ne caMO jnoGoBTa, a He cna3BaHeTO Ha HOBeniKHTe npaBHjia, M05Ke
HancTHHa ^a H3m>jiHH 3aKOHa! ITorneAHeTe cjie/rBamoTO cneniiajiHO noHaTne.
| CnEliHAJlHO noHflTHE: BIDKffAHHflTA HA nABEJI 3A MOHCEEBHfl 3AKOH
C
D
Toft e ao6t>p h e ot Bora (bjk. Phmji. 7: 12,16)
He e m>T Ha npaBe/rHOCT h npneMaHe ot Bora (Aopn M05Ke #a Gt^e npoicjiaTHe, B5K. Taji. 3
rn.)
ToBa e Bo5KHaTa Bona 3a BapBaiHjne, 3aiHOTO Bor pa3icpHBa CBoaTa cbihhoct (naBeji necTO
inrrapa C3 , 3a aa y6e/ni h OKypa5KH BapBannrre)
BapBannrre ca HHijiopMirpaHH npe3 C3 (bjk. Phmji. 4:23-24; 15:4; I Kop. 10:6,11), ho He ca
cnaceHH, Hpe3 Hero (bjk. ,U,eaHHa 15; Phmji. 4 rji.; Taji. 3 rji.; EBpen)
E. OyHKiiHOHnpa b HoBna 3aBeT, 3a ^a:
noKa5Ke rpexoBHOcrra (bjk. Taji. 3:15-29)
Aa Ham>TCTBa cnaceHHTe BapBamn b oGmecTBOTO
#a (JiopMnpa MopajiHHTe pemeHna Ha xpHCTHamrre
ToBa e TeojiorHHHHaT cneien>p ot rrpoKjiaTneTO ao GjrarocjiOBeHneTO h M05Ke 6h ci>3AaBa npoGjieMH
npn onHT 3a pa36iipaHe Ha naBjiOBOTO MHemie othocho MoiiceeBHa 3aKOH. B A Man in Christ (CTp.
26) fl,5KeiiMC CTioapT noica3Ba napaAOiccajiHOTO MHCJieHe b nncamiaTa Ha naBeji:
„06HKHOBeHO ot ci>3AaTejia Ha KoaTO H^ae MHCJiOBHa h AOKipHHajma cncTeMa, ce onaicBa /ra e
bi>3mo5kho Haii-aceH b oGacHaBaHe Ha TepMHHHTe h ^OKTpHHHTe, kohto e H36paji. OnaKBaTe /ra
H3noji3Ba TOHHa h npaBHjiHa (J)pa3eojioriia 3a CBOHTe Boaeiini H/jen. npe/rnojiaraTe, ne e/ma ayMa,
H3noji3BaHa ot Bamna aBTop no orrpeaejieH HannH, me npHTe5KaBa cbmna cmhcbji ao Kpaa. Ho axo
pa3rjie5iyiaMe HemaTa no to3h HanHH, naBeji e e^HO pa30HapoBaHHe. TojiaMa nacT ot HeroBaTa
(J)pa3eojiorHa e npoMeHjiHBa, a He Hen3MeHHa... toh nnme „3aKDHi>T e CBar', „a3 ce Hacjia5iyiaBaM b
Bo5KHa 3aKOH" (bjk. Phmji. 7:12,22), ho e acHO, ne npyr acneKT Ha nomos ro icapa ^a cno/iejiH Ha
/rpyro MacTO, „Hcyc hh ocbo6o/th ot npoKjiaTneTO Ha 3aKOHa (bjk. Taji. 3:13)".
| C^E^HA■]IHO noromiE: EEJIEaCKH BI»PXy H3XOA 20 DIABA
H3xoj 20:13 cthx, ygiincTBO
I. KOHTeKCT
A. TpaGBa ^a noMHHM, ne nopn 3anoBeAHTe, kohto H3rjie5K/ia npHTe5KaBaT counajiHa
npHpo^a, ca bcbiiihoct pejiHrH03HH. Bo5KHeTO Bi>pxoBeHCTBO Bi>pxy TBopemieTO h H3KynjieHHeTO ca
3araTHaTH b Te3H 3anoBeAH. 3anoBeATa „He yGHBaii" Ha npaKTHKa (JiOKycnpa BHHMaHneTO Bi>pxy
dpaKTa, ne o6pa3i>T Ha Bora e bi>b BcaKO HOBeniKO d>inecTBO h ne Bor e 3arpioKeH 3a HOBeiniaia
5KHBOT.
B. Ba5KHO e Aa ce noMHH, ne Bcaica ot 3anoBeAHTe pe<J)jieKTHpa Bi>pxy oGmecTBOTO ot
BapBamn. 3a6paHaTa 3a oraeMaHeTO Ha 5KHBOTa KaTO He3aicoHHO neaHne, ce OTHaca h e (JiOKycnpaHa
218
rnaBHO Bipxy oGmecTBOTO ot BapBamii. IIpHji05KeHHJiTa ca BceoGxBaraH h KacaaT uajiOTO
HOBenecTBo!
II. H3CJieflBaHe Ha ayMii 11 <|)|»a sii
A. ..YGhhctbo"
1 . ToBa e pani>K TepMHH {rasah), Kacaem OTHeMaHeTO Ha 5KHBOTa, H3non3BaH caMO 46 m>TH
b CTapim 3aBex HMa ome #Ba, no-necTO H3non3BaHH TepMHHH.
a. Harag, H3non3BaH 165 rn>TH
b. Hemit, H3non3BaH 201 m>TH
2. TepMHHi>T {Rasah) H3rjie5Kna HMa 6yKBajiHO h pa3iiiHpeHO 3HaHeHHe.
a. OTHanajio nyMaTa ce oraaca ki>m yGhhctbo Ha 3aBeTHHa naprabop no eniiH 3aicoHeH,
npeAyMHinjieH HanHH, necro CBi>p3BaH etc „cponHHKa H3KynHTeji" hjih go 'el. Tcrna BKjiiOHBa
npe/iBapHTejiHO oGMHCJiaHe, ho b CMHCtjia Ha 3aKOHHOTO OTM-biHemie (bjk. Hncjia 35:30-34; JleBHT
24:13-23). Bcbihhoct T.Hap. Lex Talionis „oko 3a oko" (bjk. EHrae 9:5-6) e HaHHHi>T 3a 3aKDHHO
OTMimeHHe. no-KtcHO ca ycTaHOBeHH npH6e5KHmHH rpanoBe (BTop. 4:41; Hcyc HaBHH 20:3), Taica
ne eBpeHHiT, kohto cjiyHainio hjih npenHaMepeHO e yGnn npyr HjieH ot oGmecTBOTO aa M05Ke aa
H36erHe rHeBa Ha ccmchctboto Ha 5KepTBaTa.
b. no-KtcHO AyMaTa ce oraaca ki>m MOTHBa h OTHOineHHeTO, flOBejm no OTHeMaHeTO Ha
5KHBOTa. Ta3H KOHuenuHa 3a „npeayMHiiijieHOCT" e AOMHHHpama! (bjk. H3xon 21:12-14; Hncjia
35:11,22; Brop. 28:24).
c. Pa3rpaHHHaBaHeTO e OHeBHnHO b Ta3H 3anoBen- H3rneayia, to Kacae
B3aHM00TH0HieHH3Ta C APyrHTe H3BI>H 3aBeTHOTO 06lHeCTB0. CBl>p3aHO e CbC CpOAHHKa H3KynHTejI
hjih KpiBHOTO OTMimeHHe. TepMHHi>T oGane e H3noji3BaH b no-Ki>CHHTe naca5KH, KOHTO 0Tpa33BaT
neKajiora, Hcaa 4:2 h EpeMHa 7:9, no OTHOineHHe Ha yGneua. Ta3H nyMa He Kacae caMO 3aKOHa, ho h
MOTHBa. BKjnoHBa He caMO Cbcena, ho h bcako HOBennco ci>mecTBO.
3. OneBHAHO to3h TepMHH He Kacae ci>BpeMeHHHa eraHecKH Binpoc 3a rpa5KnaHCKOTO
HaKa3amie hjih BOHHara. EBpeHTe HHKora He ca HMajiH npoGjieM c oGmecTBeHaTa eK3eKyuHa hjih
CBemeHaTa Boinia (hjih m>K, HecBemeHaTa BOHHa!).
4. HaH-^oGpnaT npeBon 3a HaiiiHa ciBpeMeHeH cbat 6h 6hji „npeayMHHijieHO yGnHCTBo"
III. HABJIIOflEHHfl BtPXy KOHTEKCTA
A. IHecTaTa, cenMaTa h ocMaTa 3anoBen ca ci>3naaeHH 0T caMO 2 eBpeiicKH nyMH. Te ca KpaTKH
h cjryacaT 3a noyKa
B. 5Khboti>t h bchhko okojio Hero, ca CBi>p3aHH c Bora. OTHOineHHeTO hh ki>m npyrHre
OTpa3aBa MHCJiHTe hh 3a Bora
IV. HOB03ABETHH nAPAJIEJIH
A. Hcyc
1. Hcyc pa3iHHpaBa Ta3H 3anoBen (bjk. MaTeii 5:21-26), KoeTO hh naBa npaBHjiHa HacoKa 3a
CbBpeMeHHaTa nHCKycHa othocho npHjiaraHero Ha to3h tckct b HaiiiHa 5khbot
2. OneBH/iHO Hcyc TtjiKyBa neKajiora He c omen Ha neHCTBHaTa, a - Ha mothbhtc. Hne CMe
TOBa, KoeTO mhcjihm! ,HoBeK e TOBa, KoeTO mhcjih b cbpueTO ch „ )Khboti>t e mhoto no-CMHCJieH h
3HaHHM, otkojikoto HHe M05KeM na CH npeflCTaBHM
B. HoaH
1 . I HoaH 3:15, HaMHpaMe cbihoto pasGnpaHe 3a TOBa, ne OMpa3aTa ce CMaTa 3a yGniiCTBO.
2. Fp-biiKHTe TepMHHH, H3noji3BaHH b MaTeii 5:21 h en. h I HoaH 3:15, ca pa3JiHHHH, ho
noanepTaHOTO 3HaHemie e cbhioto.
3. 3a6ejie5KeTe no3HTHBHHa acneKT b I HoaH 4: 19-21.
V. nPHJIOaCHMH HCTHHH
A. flopn h HenpeayMHHijieHHaT yGneii M05Ke na roGerae kpibhoto OTMimeHHe, npniOTaBaHKH
ce b npH6e5KHHiHHa rpaa (bjk. Hncjia 35 rji.; Hcyc HaBHH 20 ra.). Toft TpaGBa aa H3njiaTH
HaKa3aHHeTO ch, H30JiHpaH b to3h rpaa no CMipTra Ha m>pBOCBemeHHKa. Bee naK, ocTaBar
nocjiencTBHaTa ot HeroBHTe nencTBHa!
B. BinpeKH ne to3h cthx He ce oraaca 3a caMoyGnHCTBOTO, ti>h KaTO apeBHHTe xopa eaBa jih ca
mhcjihjih 3a TOBa, Bee naK TeKcrbT ocnrypaBa ayxoBeH npHHinrn, Kacaem CBeTOCTTa Ha
HOBeniKHa 5KHBOT h Bo5KHeTO Bi>pxoBeHCTBO b uejiTa Ha HOBeniKHa 5khbot, OTpa3aBam
219
HeroBHH o6pa3. B to3h cmhcbji TeKCTtT e aKTyanHO npHji05KHM h b Hanra mm\
C. Bee naK to3h tckct He e KaTeropHHeH othocho CBBpeMeHHHTe jiedaru bt>b Bpi>3Ka c:
(l)Ai>p>KaBHOTO HaKa3aHne huh (2) BoiniaTa. 3a H3paHji Te3H Hema caMH no ce6e ch He ca
3jih h noniH. H3paHjrnfflHTe ca npaKTHKyBanH h ABeTe. OGane npHHHHm>T 3a CBeTOCTTa Ha
HOBeiHKHH 5KHBOT, H3ipaAeH nO E05KHH o6pa3 H nOA HerOBHa KOHTpOJI, e Ba5KHa HCTHHa B
Ta3H oGjiacx
D. T03H TeKCT Ka3Ba Hy5KHOTO OTHOCHO CBeTOCTTa H ^OCTOHHCTBOTO Ha HOBeiHKHH 5KHBOt! B
oGmecTBOTO ot BapBamH, HHe He caMO KOHTponnpaMe coGcTBemrre ch achctbhji, ho h Te3H
Ha HanieTO oGmecTBO. HoBeiHKHHT jkhbot e o6m h HHAHBH^yajieH %ap. Hne He caMO CMe
OTroBopHH 3a (J)H3HHecKaTa, coiinajiHaTa, ncnxiPiecKaTa h ncHxonorHHHaTa 3JioynoTpe6a c
Haiinrre Tena, ho h 3a Ta3H, HaHeceHa Ha apyrnTe xopa b HanieTO oGmecTBO. ToBa e ocoGeHO
BapHO 3a KyjiTypH KaTO HaniaTa, Kb/ieTO HMaMe npaBO Ha rnac h cneAOBaTejiHO M05KeM %a
npoMeHHM CHCTeMaTa. Hne CMe na3HTejiH Ha Haiinrre Gpara!
H3xoj 20:14, IIpejiioQoaencTBiie
KOHTeKCT
A. OneBHAHO e, ne Ta3H 3anoBeA Kacae HOBenncaTa noHHT ki>m Bora, kosto e Bujma b
3aHHTaHeTO Ha HMymecTBOTO, 5KeHaTa h 5KHBOTa Ha Hanina GmciceH (bjk. EpeMHH 5:8). ToBa e
OHeBH^HO b pa3JiHHHaTa noApe^Ga Ha Te3H 3anoBeflH b CenTyarHHTa.
B. IlapanejrbT bt>b BTopo3aKOHHe noKa3Ba, ne e yMecTHO Ta3H /ipeBHa HCTHHa #a Gt^e
npnuaraHa b Hanina CBBpeivieHeH jkhbot.
C. KaKTO noHHTTa ki>m poAHTejnrre ce npneMa icaro kjhoh 3a nocTHraHe Ha CTaGnjiHO
oGmecTBO, TaKa cbihoto Ba5KH h 3a Ta3H 3anoBeA.
D. Ta3H 3anoBeA npe/niojiara Eo5khji cyBepeHHTeT h kohtpoji Bipxy Hanina ceKcyaneH h
ceivieeH jkhbot.
E. H3rjie5K/ia Ta3H 3anoBeA ce ocHOBaBa Ha EHrae 2:24, KaKTO neTBipTaTa 3anoBeA ce 6a3npa
Ha EnTHe 2:1-3.
II. H3CJieflBaHe Ha ayMii ii <|>|>a ;n
rnaBHHaT TepMHH b to3h TeKCT e „npejno6oAeHCTBo". Ba5KHO e to3h TepMHH ^a 6i>Ae pa36paH b
CBeTjiHHaTa Ha apeBHaTa eBpeiicKa KyjiTypa
1. To3h TepMHH ce pa3ipaHHHaBa ot C3 (JiopMa 3a „pa3BpaT". npejnoGofleiicTBHe e Hajrane,
KoraTO eflHH ot naprabopHTe b ceKcyajmaTa Bpi>3Ka, e ceivieeH. JfyMara „pa3BpaT" ce
H3non3Ba, KoraTO h ABaMaTa napTHbopn ca HeceMeiiHH (bjk. IIphthh 29:3; 31:3). Ta3H
pa3HHKa ce ry6n b HOB03aBeTHHTe rp-bUKH TepMHHH.
2. Ta3H BapnaiiHa oGaciuiBa npHHHHaTa 3a aKueHrapaHe Bipxy GpanHHJiT CTaTyc, 3amoTO
Kacae Ba5KHOCTra Ha Hacjie^CTBeHHTe npaBa, BKjiioHeHH b Eo5KneTO oGemamie 3a
oGemaHara „3eMa". Ha BceitH 50 toahhh (t. Hap. io6wieu) 3eMHTa ce Bp-bina Ha Heinnrre
ITbpBOHaHajIHH COGCTBeHHUH.
3. npemoGoAeiiCTBHeTO e KyjnypHO nopHuaHO, ome npeAH MoiiceeBHJi 3aKOH (bjk. EHrae
12:10 hcji.; 26:7 hcji.; 39:9).
4. HpejnoGoAeHCTBHeTO ce CMaTa 3a rpax cpemy:
a. cbce/ia - H3xoa 20:14; BTopo3aKOHHe 5:18
b. 6paKa-JIeBHT 18:20
c. Eora-EHTHe 20:1-13; 26:7-11
5. Haica3aHHeTO h 3a ABaMaTa ynacTHHUH e cmt>pt:
a. JIeBHT20:10
b. BTopo3aKOHHe 22:22-24
c. E3eKHHji 16:40 (MeTacJiopa)
d. CTporn npeAynpe5K/ieHHa HaMHpaMe b IIphthh 1-9 rn.
III. Bpt3Ka c H3
A. Hcyc H3non3Ba JleBHT 19:18 Kara o6o6meHHe Ha C3 OTKpoBeHHa (bjk. Jlyica 10:27). ToBa
AOica3Ba, ne ^eceTre 3anoBeAH ca CBT>p3aHH c HanieTO OTHOineHHe ki>m OKOJimrre.
B. Hcyc 3acHjiBa 3anoBeATa b MaTeii 5:28. Toil HaGnara noBene Ha MOTHBa, otkojikoto Ha
^eiiCTBHeTO. EBpeHTe pa3rjie5iyiajiH yMa KaTO rpa/niHa 3a AyniaTa. HoBeKtT e TOBa, KoeTO mhcjih
(np. 23:7). TaKa, AeceTre 3anoBeAH CTaBaT noHTH HeBi>3M05KHH 3a H3ni>jiHeHHe - TOBa e h ueiiTa!
220
(bjk. Taji. 2:15-3:29).
IV. CtBpeMeHHii npiijioaceHiia
A. EpaicbT e bi>3mo5kho Han-^oGpaTa CBBpeMemia aHanorHa 3a /kmchbotho nocBeiHemie c Bapa
b Bo5KHeTO HMe. ToBa e HaH-/K>6pHHT HannH ^a pa36epeM kojiko peanHH ca C3 KOHnennHH
(ManaxHa 2:14). IIoHHTTa kbm HaniHH GpaneH apyrap, bi>b bchhkh acneiera, BKjnoHHTejmo h
HOBeniKaTa ceKcyajmocT, hh noMara HamjiHO #a npoyivieeM to3h cthx.
B. BpanHaTa CTaGnjiHOCT h baphoct, ci>iho KaKTO h 3aHHTaHeTO Ha poAHTejinre, ca ochobch
ctt>ji6 3a e/nio chjiho oGmecTBO h ocHiypjrea AtJiroAeHCTBHe.
C. TpaGBa aa noA^epTaeM, ne HOBenncaTa ceKcyajmocT e flap ot Bora. ToBa e Hercraa ujien h
bojih 3a xopaTa. Eo5KHHTe yKa3aHHH HHMaT 3a iien aa orpaGBaT HOBenncaTa CBoGo^a h paaocT,
ho Te AaBaT HacoKH 3a naAHajina hobck. rpaioinHTe ca ci>3AaAeHH 3a HaineTO /rbjiroroAHiimo
GjiarononyHHe h macrae. BinpeicH ne hobckit 3JioynoTpe6aBa etc ceKcyanHOCTTa, Kaiero h c
bchhkh 6o5KecTBeHH ^apoBe, Ta Bee naK ce asasa ABioKema enna 3a HOBenecTBOTO, ho TpaGBa
Aa 6i>Ae noA Eojkhji kohtpoji h boahtcjictbo.
D. CeKCBT TpaGBa ^a 6i>Ae no# kohtpoji, 3a #a 6i>Ae ona3eHa CBeTOcrra Ha HOBenncaTa jihhhoct
(5KeHaTa hjih Mi>5Ka), 3amoTO Te ca ci>3AaAeHH no Eojkhji o6pa3 h noAoGne. HanraaT rpexoBeH
(JtOKyc Bipxy a3-a e mhoto ohcbhach b Ta3H oGjiacT.
H3xoj 20:15, K|)a>Koa
06ma nii(})()p\ianiiH
A. KaKTO bchhkh ppyrn Hape/iSH b J],eKajiora HaniaTa Bapa, jik>6ob h nonm kbm Bora TpaGBa ^a
ce AOKa3BaT bt>b bchhkh acneKTH ot 5KHBOTa hh. 3a Bora e Mep30CT #a Twuppmi, ne To
no3HaBaMe, a bcbihhoct #a OHenpaB/iaBaMe Hanina 3aBeTeH naprabop (bjk. I HoaH 4:20-21;
2:7-11).
B. Ta3H 3anoBeA cnoMara 3a no/wi>p>KaHe Ha oGinyBaHeTO b 3aBeTHOTO oGmecTBO. KanecTBOTO
Ha TOBa AyxoBHO oGmyBaHe me npirejieHe oGtpKaHHa h Ttpcem cbjit ki>m Haimm Bor, KoeTO
e h uejrra Ha IiHcaHHJiTa.
C. IIoaoGho Ha ApyrHTe 3anoBeAH, (JiOKycnpaHH Bipxy (jiaKra, ne Bor npHTe5KaBa Hanina 5khbot,
Ta3H ci>iho He npaBH HSKjnoneHHe! Hne CMe HacToinninH, a He npHTe5KaTenH. Ta3H 3a6paHa e
HaconeHa cpeiny rpexoBHHH hh nopHB kt>m nocTHraHe Ha npHTe5KaHHH, 6e3 3HaHeHHe KaKBa e
ueHaTa(B5K. lie. 50:10-12).
II. IBCJIEflBAHE HA flYMH H OPA3H
A. ToBa e TpeTaTa 3anoBea bi>b BTopaTa nonoBHHa Ha fleicajiora, kojito e H3rpaaeHa caMO ot
ABe eBpeiiCKH jiyuu.
B. JlnncBa o6eKn>T Ha 3a6paHaTa. 06hkhob6ho t% e Ka3aHa:
1. B KOHTeKCTa Ha ABeTe npe^HinHH 3anoBeAH, OTHacanni ce kbm rnaBHHTe
npecrbnneHHH.
2. C orneA Ha iiphjkwhmh, HenocpeACTBemi (H3xoa 21:16) h KOCBemi naca5KH (BTop.
24:7). Bh5k ciino BnTHe 37 rnaBa.
C. KpaTKaTa (JtopMa oGane e ci>mo 3amHTHMa:
1 . HP63 B^ixHOBeHHe e 3anncaHa 3a Hac
2. Pa3niHpaBa o6cera Ha 3anoBeATa
3. HMa napanejieH naca5K b Henocpe^CTBeHHa kohtckct, CBi>p3aH c Kpa5K6aTa - H3xoa
22:1 h cji.
4. OneBHAHO Hcyc iiHTHpa to3h naca5K bt>b Bpi>3Ka c Kpa5K6aTa (bjk. MaTeii 19: 18).
D. 3a Kpa5K6aTa ce roBopn h b /ipyrn ^peBHH 3aKOHH KaTO no npHHinin HaKa3aHHeTO e
CMipT, ocaKaTaBaHe hjih TpHiiceTKpaTHa KOMneHcaiina.
E. HMa hhkojiko 3HanHMH, napajiejiHH naca5KH, kohto onpeaeJiaT h oGacHaBaT Ta3H HCTHHa:
1. JleBHT 19:1-18 - ,,Bne TpaGBa ^a CTe cbcth, 3amoTO A3 TocnoA, BaninaT Bor ci>m
cbht"
a. HanraaT HanHH Ha 5khbot ipaGBa ^a OTpa3aBa ceMeiiHHTe xapaKrepncTHKH Ha
HaniHa Bama h Bor (bjk. ct. 18).
b. BapaTa hh TpaGBa ^a Bi>3AeHCTBa Ha BceKH/nieBHHJi hh jkhbot, c no3HTHBHHTe
^eiiCTBHa h HeraTHBHHTe 3a6paHH, h jspqtq ocHOBaHH Ha npaBHjiHHTe mothbh
(B5K. ct. 17).
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c. CbnyBCTBHeTO kt>m OTXBi>pjieHHTe h Hy^aemnTe ce, ex 9-10,13 h en., e cbino
TOJIKOBa Ba5KHO, KDJIKOTO H HeCTHOCTTa KbM HaniHTe CbCe/JH, CTHX 11.
2. Amoc 8:4-7 - Bor Mpa3H eKcnnoaTannaTa!
3. Mnxeii 6:6-8 - Bor 5Kenae npaBHjiHH mothbh bt>b bchhkh Hanra /jenHOCTn.
B-bnpocbT e 3amo He TpaGBa aa KpaaeM!
4. H3XOA 22:1 h en. - HecTO jmncBainara HCTHHa b HainaTa cbBpeMemia /niCKycna 3a
Kpa5K6HTe Kacae KOMneHcannaTa! TpexbT BHHarn Hiia CBoaTa neHa!
III. IIpHJIO>KIIMII IICTIIHII
A. CinpyraTa Ha K.C. Jlync £I,5koh fl,enBHAMaH e Hanncana npeicpacHa KHHra 3a fleKanora.
Ta npeBe5K/ia Ta3H 3anoBeA no cne/nina HannH: „Hhkoh He TpaGBa ^a B3eMa Hemo
6e3HaKa3aHO." Be3 cbMHeHne TOBa pa3innpaBa oGcera h3bt>h npHTe5KaHHaTa. ,H,5koh cbino
tbi>pah, ne ,,npHTe5KaHHaTa He ca rpax, hhto HeoTMeHHMO npaBO, ho ca 3aeM, B3eT c
AOBepne ot Bora".
B. Kpa5K6aTa, no/ioGHO Ha bchhkh /ipyrn rpexoBe, M05Ke #a Gt^e cnecTeHa, ai«o HMaMe hobo
ebpne, Eijiec. 4:28. ynyABamo e KaK CTapaTa npnpoaa, cicjioHHa ,„oa B3HMa" e 3aMeHeHa
ot hoboto ecTecTBO, KoeTO HCKa aa ..cnoAena"!
C. HainaTa noHHT kt>m Bora acHO M05Ke ^a 6i>Ae BHAaHa b 3anHTaHe Ha 3aBeTHHTe hh
napTHbopn! Ta3H HCTHHa 3aceHHBa fleKanora.
D. Ci>BpeMeHHHaT HOBeic Kpa/ie no mhoto HannHn!
BJ>IIPOCH3A OECbMflAHE
1 . KaK cbBpeMeHHHHT HOBeK npaKTHKyBa Kpa5K6aTa?
2. KaKBa e Bpi>3KaTa MQjKjxy KOMneHcannaTa n noKaamieTO?
3. KaK T03H cthx ce oraaca kt>m KannTanncTHHecKOTO BiciyiaHe 3a coGcTBeHOCTra?
H3xoj 20:17, IIoacejiaHiie
I. BtBcuemie
A. Bi>3mo5kho e aa ce npocjie^n Bpi>3KaTa MQjKjxy nocneAHHTe neT 3anoBeAn:
1 . 3anoBeAH 6, 7, n 8 3a6paHaBaT ^a Bpe/niM Ha 3aBeTHHTe 6paTa npe3 Hamme ^encTBna.
2. 3anoBeA 9 3a6paiwBa aa omeTaBaMe 3aBeTHHTe naprabopn BepGajiHO.
3. 3anoBeA 10 3a6paHaBa OHenpaB/iaBaHe Ha 3aBeTHna naprabop npe3 noMncbn.
BapHO e, ne no5KenaHneTO Bpe/ni Ha jinHHOcrra, 3amoTO He Kacae npeAMeTa, a Hamna GnicKeH.
Ta3n 3anoBeA npe/niojiara, ne MncjinTe me ce npeBipHaT b ^encTBna.
B. MH03HHa Bi>3npHeMaT Ta3n 3anoBeA Kara yHHKajiHa KOHnennna, npncbCTBaina caMO b ApeBmrre
3aKOHH Ha H3pann n nnncBaina b ocTaHannTe KO^eKcn, HaMepemi b fl,peBHna GjocbK h3tok . Ha
npaKTHKa Ta3n HOBa KOHnennna Kacae 3a6paHa 3a Mnci>jiTa. BapHO e, ne 3a H3panji jionnrre
AeiicTBHa ce KopeHaT b MHCJinre (bjk. np. 23:7; .Hkob 1:14-15). Bee naK T03H cthx ce oraaca kt>m
MncjinTe, ot KOHTO npoH3THHaT aencTBna. HaKOJiKO naca5Ka H3noji3Bar TepMHHa ,,no5KejiaBaHe" bt>b
Bpi>3Ka c ^encTBna, kohto AaBaT pe3yjiTaT (bjk. BTop. 7:25; Hcyc HaBHH 7:21; Mnxeii 2:2).
C. Ako e BapHO, ne aicneHTbT e Bipxy Hemara, Ka3aHH b HananoTO n b Kpaa, to hcthhckoto
3HaHeHne Ha 3anoBeATa e acHO. HameTO noKjiOHeHne kt>m Bora e m>pBOCTeneHHO, ho OTHomeHneTO
hh ki>m HemaTa ot to3h CBaT BjinaaT Ha hcthhckoto nocBemeHne na Bora. To3n /iBoeH aKijeHT M05Ke
Aa 6i>Ae BH^aH b nponoBe^Ta Ha Hcyc Ha nnamiHaTa, MaTeii 6:33: „HbpBO TbpceTe Bo5KneTO
uapcTBO n HeroBaTa npaBe^HOCT; n bchhkh Te3n Hema (b>k. ct. 19-32) me bh Gi^aT npnGaBeHn."
II. H3CJIE^BAHE HA flyMH H OPA3H
A. H3xoa 20:17 n BTopo3aKOHne 5:21, BinpeicH ne ca noHTH eAHaKBH, HMaT HaKOJiKO 3a6ejie5KHMH
pa3JiHKn:
1. B H3xoa 20 rxr. cinpyraTa e nacT ot ronaMaTa KOHiieniina 3a „AOMa" nun npHTe5KaHHaTa
Ha Mi>5Ka, AOKaTO bi>b BTopo3aKOHne 5 rnaBa, e cnoMeHaTa OTjieimo, KoeTO roBopn 3a
npnopnTeTHa KaTeropna.
2. naca5KbT b H3xoa 20 rn. H3non3Ba eBpeiicKHa TepMHH „no5KejiaBaHe", KoeTO 03HanaBa
„5KejiaHne 3a npn/io6HBKa", ho bt>b BTopo3aKOHne 5 rnaBa HMa n BTopn TepMHH,
„5KejiaHne". „no5KejiaBaHeTo" roBopn 3a 5KenaHne, CBi>p3aHO c aencTBne, 3a
npn/ioGHBaHe o6eKTa Ha 5KenaHHeTO. H3rjie5K/ia, npn „5KejiaHneTo" (J)OKyci>T e Bipxy
caMaTa Harnaca.
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3. OcBeH TOBa, H3xoa 20 ra. e nncaHa 3a aenflTa Ha H3panji, AoicaTO ce nyTaxa b
nycTHHHTa, 3aTOBa b cnnci>Ka c npHTe5KaHHa He ce ..cnoMeHaBa AyMaTa ,,HHBa ", AOKaTO bi>b
BTopcraicoHHe 5 rnaBa ce noBTapaT cbiinrre 3anoBeAH, ho Te KacaaT ycTaHcmeHOTO eBpeiiCKO
oGmecTBo b OGemaHaTa 3eMa.
B. flyMaTa ,,no5KejiaBaHe" e HeyTpajma. Mo5Ke aa Kacae 5KejiaHHe 3a aoGpn Hema (bjk. lie.
19:10; I Kop. 12:31).
C. HenoAxcwimoTO Hcejiamie e Kopem>T Ha na^eHHeTO Ha CaTaHa, A^aM h EBa, h bchhkh Hac.
IlaBeji roBopn 3a CBoaTa 6op6a c no5KejiamieTO b Phmjdihh 7:7-8. B ochobhh jihhhh,
no5KenaBaHeTO e He^OBOJiCTBO h nnnca Ha AOBepne b Eo5KnaTa rpicKa h CHaGaaBaHe.
D. HaKDJiKD H3 naca5KH, OTHacanni ce ao no5KenaBaHeTo:
1. HoBeniKHHT npoGneM e HeAOBOJiCTBOTO h ajiHHOcrra (b5k. JlyKa 12:15; I Thm. 6:8-10).
2. IIo5KejiaBaHeTO e BKjiicraeHO b cnnci>Ka, Jiajieii ot Hcyc c rpexoBe, kohto ocKBepHaBar
(b>k. MapK 7:17-23; I Kop. 5:10; Eijtec. 5:5; Koji. 3:5).
III. IIpiIJIOaCIIMH IICTIIHII
A. OiTOBop'bT Ha HeAOBoncTBOTO h noxoTjiHBara ajriHOCT e:
1. JIh)6ob - Phmji. 13:8-10
2. 3aflOBOJiCTBO - EBp. 13:5; Ohji. 4:11-13 (h cno^ejiaHe, Ohji. 4:14)
B. 3anoBeATa H3HCKBa #a „cnpeM", ho caMO Hcyc hh npaBH cnocoGHH Ha TOBa! CaMO b Hero M05KeM
P& KOHTpOJIHpaMe MHCJIHTe CH.
C. Eor no3HaBa HaniHTe ci>pna h yMOBe
1. I JIeTonHCH28:9
2. npHTHH 20:27
3. ncajiM 139:1,23
4. EpeMHH 17:10
5. Phmjihhh8:27
6. OTKpoBeHne 2:23
HemaTa He ca jioiuh caMH no ce6e ch, ho Koraxo ce npeB-bpHar b npnopnTeT, CTaBaT rpax.
npHTe5KaHH3Ta He ca 3Ha x iHMH h BenHH, ho xopaTa no Eo5khh o6pa3 - ca! no5KenaBaHeTO Bjmae Ha
3aBeTHOTO oGmecTBO no KOBapeH h pa3pyniHTejieH HanHH!
B1HPOCH 3A OECtaCflAHE
1. KaKBO e no5KenaBaHeTO?
2. KaKBO ch no5KenaBa cbBpeMemniaT hobck?
3. Epax jih ca HaniHTe mhcjih?
4. 3amo MHCJIHTe ca TOJiKOBa BamiH b Hanma xphcthhhckh 5khbot?
5. 3amo 3anoBeATa b H3xoa 20: 17 e HaKaK ch pa3JiHHHa ot Ta3H bi>b BTopo3aKOHHe 5:21?
H „3aTOBa" ToBa e npenpaTica ki>m fl,eceTre 3anoBeflH hjih £I,eKajiora. H3pe5K£aHeTO Ha BTopaTa nojiOBHHa
ot 3anoBeAHTe cnejipa rpi>nKHa piKonnc B, HapeneH Vaticanus. Mhoto pa3Jin T ieH e ot Ma3opeTCKHa
eBpeiiCKH TeKCT Ha H3xoa 20 ra. h BTopo3aicoHHe 5 rn.. BTopaTa nojiOBHHa Ha fl,eicajiora pa3rjie5K#a
B3aHMOOTHOineHHaTa b H3paiui, 6a3Hpami Ha TaxHaTa Bpi>3Ka c YHWH.
e „aKO iiivia hhkoh apyra 3anoBea" ToBa a TOPBOKJIACHO YCJIOBHO H3PEHEHHE, npnero 3a BapHO ot
aBTopa h o6cjry5KBamo jiHTepaTypHHTe My nejin. HMa h apyrn 3anoBe/ni. Opa3aTa HMa npeABH/i „aico HMa
Apyrn 3anoBeAH h3bi>h fl,eicajiora." C Apyrn jxymm, TOBa o6o6maBa bchhkh MoiiceeBH 3aKOHH, bi>3mo5kho e
Aa HMa npeABHA ,,3aKOHa" Kara najio.
B TpaAHiinoHHHa rpmKH piKonnc HMa pa3JiHHHH BapnaHTH Ha no^pe^a h Gpoii Ha ^eceTre 3anoBe/ni.
B K)Aan3Ma noape5iyiaHeTO e e/mo; KaTOJiHinrre h npoTecTaHTHTe HMaT pa3JinHHa noapeaGa. 3HaHeHHeTO Ha
to3h naca5K He e noBjinaHO ot Ta3H BapHaniia, KoeTO e BapHO 3a MH05KecTBO Apyrn piKonncn.
H „o6o6meHO e b cjieflHiiTe ayMii" ToBa e inrraT ot JleBHT 19:18. CnoMeHaro e HaKOjnco mra b
EBaHrejinaTa (bjk. MaTeii 5:43; 19:19; 22:39; MapK 12:31 h JlyKa 10:27). Hcyc a onpeaejia, Rare BTopaTa
BejiHKa hjih Haii-BejiHKaTa 3anoBeA. H,HTHpaHO e h b Taji. 5:14 cthx h ^Ikob 2:8 cthx. KoraTO HaKoii oGnna
Bora, toh me oGnna h HemaTa, kohto Eor oGiPia - HOBeniKHTe ci>mecTBa, HanpaBeHH no HeroBna o6pa3.
223
H „aa oSiiHaui 6.IH/KIHISI KaTO ce6e en" BapBanpiTe TpaGBa na oGiraaT ce6e ch, 3amoTO Bor rn o6ma,
npe^H na MoraT na oGiraaT h na npneMaT npyraTe. IIpaBHjiHaTa ce6e-jno6oB He e rpenraa. DiaBHaTa HCTHHa
b Ta3H nacT e apico H3pa3eHa - oGiPiaHTe Gjudkhhtc (bjk. 10 ex). Te3H, kohto ca 6hjih noicocHaTH ot
Bo5KHHTa pa3AaBama ce h 5KepTBeHa jiio6ob me oGiPiaT ocTaHajiHTe no cbihhji HannH. ToBa e 3aranicaTa Ha
xpHCTonoAoGneTO (Bi>3CTaHOBeHHa o6pa3 Ha Bora). B npncbCTBHeTO Ha TaicaBa jtk>6ob, mma wyaajia ot
3aKOHH.
IJHTAT OT EBJITAPCKHfl nmBORBEPEH— 13:11-14
11 H TOBa BipnieTe, KaTO 3HaeTe BpeMeTO, a HMeHHO, ne e nonrbji naciT na ce cioy/ncre ot ct>h; 3amoTO
HanieTO cnacemie e no-6nH30 cera, otkojikoto KoraTO noBapBaxMe. *■*■ Honxra Hanpe/ma, a neiwT Ha6nH5KH.
H Taica, HeKa otxbt>pjthm nejiaTa Ha rbMHHHaTa h HeKa na oGjieneM opi>5KHJiTa Ha CBeTjiHHaTa. ^ HeKa
xoahm nonoGaBamo, KaTO npe3 neHH - He b nHpyBamui h nnaHCTBa, He b GnyncTBa h pa3m>TCTBa, He b KaBra
h 3aBHCTH, 14 a ce oGneneTe c TocnoA Hncyc Xphctoc h He ce rpioiceTe 3a CTpacTHTe Ha njrbTra.
IJHTAT OT AHDIHHCKHfl IIPEBOfl M4SB — 13:11-14
UDo this, knowing the time, that it is already the hour for you to awaken from sleep; for now
salvation is nearer to us than when we believed, l^The night is almost gone, and the day is near.
Therefore let us lay aside the deeds of darkness and put on the armor of light. 1-^Let us behave
properly as in the day, not in carousing and drunkenness, not in sexual promiscuity and sensuality, not
in strife and jealousy. l^But p U t n the Lord Jesus Christ, and make no provision for the flesh in
regard to its lusts.
13:11
NASB „npaBeTe TOBa"
NKJV „n BtpmeTe TOBa"
NRSV „ocBeH TOBa"
TEV „Tpa6Ba jx& BtpmiiTe TOBa"
NJB „0CBeH"
ToBa e HanHH na CBi>p5KeM cjienBamHTe cTHxoBe (ex 11-14) c npenxonHHTe (ct. 9-10). E-bneTe
H3m>jiHHTejTH Ha cjioboto, a He caivio cnyniaTejin! JIioGoBTa TpaGBa na 6T>ne noKa3aHa Ha nejio.
h „no3HaBaflKii BpeivieTo" ToBa e nEP€>EKTHO flEOTEJlHO nPH^ACTHE. To3h TepMHH 3a BpeMe (kairos) e
H3non3BaH na o6o3HaHH cneiinajieH nepnon ot BpeMe, He penoBHO, xpoHonorHHHO BpeMe (chronos).
BapBaiHirre Tpa6Ba na 5KHBeaT b CBexnHHaTa Ha Xphctoboto 3aBpT>inaHe, KoeTO M05Ke na HacrbnH BceKH
MOMeHT.
H „BeHe e nacbT" Ta3H MeTacJtopa, ..nacbT" (H3non3BaHa Hecro b Eecmzejiuemo om Moan), ce oraaca 3a
cnenHaneH MOMenr (nonoGeH Ha kairos) b Eo5khh H3KynHTejieH nnaH (bjk. 3:26; I Kop. 7:29; 10:11; .Hkob
5:8; I nerbp 4:7; II ITeT-bp 3:9-13; I HoaH 2:18; Otkp. 1:3; 22:10). CbmaTa nyMa ce H3non3Ba h 3a BpeMeTO
Ha pa3m>BaHeTO h 3aBpi>maHeTO Ha Hcyc.
H „ci.h" TyK to3h TepMHH e H3non3BaH MeTaiJiopHHHO 3a MopanHaTa h nyxoBHa OTnycHaTOCT (bjk. Eijiec.
5:8-14; I Con. 5:6). Ji^mwiQ HMaT 3HaHeHHe caMO b cneinKJiHHHHHT KOHTeKCx BHHMaBairre c (JmRCHpamrre
onpenejieHHH. Bchhkh nyMH HMaT hhkojiko bt>3M05khh 3HaHeHHH.
H „cera cnacemieTO e no-6jnno" CnacemieTO e He caMO mpBOHaHanHO peniemie, ho h npouec. Bidk
CnEU,HAJ[HO ITOHilTHE kt>m 10:14. CnaceHHeTO mma na e 3aBT>pmeHO, noicaTO BapBanpiTe He nonynaT
CBOHTe hobh Tena (bjk. I HoaH 3:2; I Con. 4:13-18; EBp. 9:28; I Ilerbp 1:5). BorocjiOBCKH TOBa ce Hapma
..npocjiaBaHe" (Phmji. 8:30). J\& ncraKaT btopoto npninecTBHe Ha Xphctoc, e MenTa 3a bchko noKoneHHe ot
BapBaiini (bmc. JlyKa 21:28). IlaBeji He npaBH HSKjnoneHHe (bjk. I Con. 4:15).
H „KoraTO noBapBaxTe" Xphcthjihctboto 3anoHBa c penieHHe (MOMenranHO onpaBnaBaHe h ocBemaBaHe),
ho Tpa6Ba na HMa e^HH pe3yjiTaTeH 6oroyroneH jkhbot (nporpecHBHO ocBemaBaHe) h 3aBi>pniBa c
224
xpncTonoAoGHOCT (cnaBOCJiOBHe). HoBeK TpaGBa na npneivie Eo5KHaTa 5KepTBa b Xphctoc (bjk. HoaH 1:12;
3:16; Phmji. 10:9-13). Tcma mpBOHanajiHO peineHne He e KpaaT, a HananoTo!
13:12 „HomTa iiohtii npeMima" ToBa ce oraaca 3a ceraniHHTe ronHHH Ha HenecTHe, kohto ca noHTH kt>m
Kpaa ch ime GtnaT 3aMeHemi (bjk. I Kop. 7:29-31; 10:11; .Hkob 5:8; Ecjiec. 5:8,14; I HoaH 4:7; II HoaH 2:17-
18; Otkp. 1:3; 22:10). Bh>k CnEH.HA.nHO nOH5ITHE kim 12:2.
h „II fleHHT npH6jlHJKH" H3pa3l»T e B nEPOEKTHO BPEME, AKTHBEH 3AJIOr, H3iJBHTEJIHO HAKJIOHEHHE
(nocnenHHre nHH, Ohji. 4:5; .Hkob 5:9). Ot Xphctoboto Binji-bmeHHe HacaM HHe CMe b nocnenHHre nHH. Te
me TpaaT no HeroBOTO cnaBHO 3aBpi>maHe. Ot m>pBH BeK HacaM bchhkh BapBaiHH ca H3HeHanaHH ot
3a6aB3HeTO Ha Xphctoboto 3aBpi>maHe. Bee naic HOBaTa epa Hacrbrma c XpncTOC.
H „HeKa aa ocTaBiiM... ii jx& ce oSjieHeM" H3pa3Hre ca b MHHano CBi>pnieHO BpeMe h nonHHHHrenHO
HaicjioHeHHe, h roBopaT 3a KaTeropHHHOCT. SaioiioHeHHeTO e, ne TpaGBa na ocTaBHM HacTpaHa CTapaTa ch
cbihhoct h na oGneneM hoboto Benm>5K h 3aBHHarn. H Bor, h HOBenecTBOTO ca aieraBHO BKjiiOHeHH, KaKTO b
onpaBnaBaHeTO (noKaamieTO h BapaTa), TaKa h b ocBemaBaHeTO (GoroyronHHa 5khbot). Ta3H MeTacJiopa 3a
oGjiHHaHeTO ce noBTapa necTO b nncaHHaTa Ha naBen. BapBamHTe TpaGBa na ciGneKaT CBOHTe nicKaMH h na
cno5KaT CBoeTO BoeHHO oGneKjio (bjk. Ecjiec. 4:22-25; Kon. 3:10,12,14). Hne CMe xpncTHaHCKH bohhh,
noATOTBaniH ce 3a BceKHnHeBHa nyxoBHa 6op6a (bjk. Ecjiec. 6:10-18).
H „flOcnexiiTe Ha CBeTjiimaTa" ToBa M05Ke 6h e npenpaTKa kt>m Hcaa 59:17. BapBaimrre TpaGBa na ca
CHaGnemi c nocnexnre h opi>5KHaTa Ha npaBnaTa (bjk. II Kop. 6:7; Ecjiec. 6:11,13; 1 Con. 5:8). Eo5KHeTO
Bi>op'b5KeHHe e Ha pa3nono5KeHHe Ha BapBaimrre, ho Te TpaGBa na (1) oci>3HaaT CBoaTa Hy5Kna; (2) npneiviaT
Eo5KHaTa rpH5Ka h (3) KaTO ci>3HaTejiHO rn H3non3BaT bt>b BceKHnHeBHHre ch mhcjih h 5khbot. ToBa e
BceKHAHeBHa nyxoBHa 6op6a!
13:13 „ncKa aa ce fltpaciiivi npiuiiiHHo" EyKB. „na xoahm". Mhhajio CBT>PfflEHO, B nonTOHHTEJlHO
HAKJIOHEHHE. ToBa e eBpeiiCKHaT hahom 3a HanHH Ha 5khbot. naBen ro H3noii3Ba noBene ot 33 m>TH.
CnHCbKiT ot rpexoBe b to3h cthx ci>ai>p5Ka Tpn /ibohkh ot no npe nyMH. HanHue e ceMamrpiHO
npHnoKpHBaHe. Bt>3mo5kho e na ca 6hjih H3noji3BaHH KaTO chhohhmh. Bjk. CnEUHAJIHO nOHaTHE:
nOPOIJH H flOEPOflETEJIH B HOBHfl 3ABET k-bm 1:28-32
Te3H nyMH M05Ke na ce OTHacaT kt>m BapBamHTe eBpen h e3HHHHHH b pHMCKaTa irbpKBa.
HoBonoBapBajiHTe e3H x iHHHH M05Ke 6h ca npontiDKaBanH na (1) npaKTHKyBaT CBOHTe e3HHecKH HanHHH Ha
noKjioHeHne hjih (2) ce ntpsKaT aporaHTHO c B-bpHannre ce eBpeiicKH nnnepn, kohto HacKopo ca HanycHaiiH
nopann yKa3a Ha HepoH, 3a6paHaBam bchhkh eBpencKH oGpenn b Phm.
H „He no impose ii mumcrBa" H3pa3i>T ce OTHaca no ceKcyajiHaTa aMopaiiHOCT, KoaTO b e3HnecKHTe
pHTyajiH ce CBi>p3Ba c nnaHCTBOTO. B cnncbKa c nm>TCKHTe rpexoBe b Tan. 5:21, Te3H npa ca HHrapaHH
enHH no npyr.
H „He b QjiyflCTBO ii CTpacTOJiioSiie" Ta3H nacT KaTO ne nn ce 3acTi>nBa c mpBaTa. BTopnaT TepMHH e
H3non3BaH oGihhpho b HoBHa 3aBeT (bjk. MapK 7:22; II Kop. 12:21; Tan. 5:19; Ecjiec. 4:19; I neTip 4:3; II
neTtp 2:7). Ako mpBaTa nBoinca rpexoBe e cJiOKycnpaHa Bipxy nnaHCTBOTO, Ta3H HaGnara Ha ceKcyanHaTa
aMopanHOCT, crarama no HeKOHTponnpyeMa HeBi>3ni>p>KaHOCT.
a „He b cbpeBHOBaHim ii 3aBiiCTii" Te3H TepMHHH roBopaT 3a cnopoBe Meacny xopaTa (bjk. Tan. 5:20).
ToBa M05Ke 6h e pe3ynTaT ot BipnieHe Ha rpexoBeTe, cnoMeHaTH no-rope. Ako ce oraacaT 3a xpncTHaHHTe
(bjk. I Kop. 3:3; Kon. 3:8), ToraBa ce Kacae 3a e3HHecKH npaKTHKH, kohto Tpa6Ba na npecTaHaT b 5KHBOTa Ha
BapBamHTe. OGane b HacToamna KOHTeKCT, Ka3aHOTO e HenpaBnononoGHO 3a BapBainn, cnenQBaTenHO e
Ka3aHO KaTO npenynpesKneHHe.
13:14 „ho ce oSjieneTe b Tocnoa Hcyc XpiiCTOc" Ta3H MeTacJiopa ce oraaca 3a uapcKOTO oGneicno Ha Hcyc,
KoeTO e nocTaBeHO Ha paMeHeTe Ha BapBamHTe (ocBemaBaHe Ha nonojKemieTO hm). HaKOH yneHH ro
Bi>3npHeMaT KaTO ani03Ha ki>m oGneicnoTO 3a KpimeHHe. 3a ni>pBH hbt Ta3H MeTacJiopa 3a oGneKnoTO e
cnoMeHaTa b cthx 12. ToBa e HanHHiT BapBamHTe na oci>3HaaT hoboto ch nono5KeHHe b Xphctoc.
nonnepTaH e h cJiaKTbT, ne penieHnaTa Ha BapBamHTe TpaGBa na GtnaT ci>rnacyBaHH c HOBna hm HanHH Ha
225
5khbot (nporpecHBHO ocBemaBaHe) 3apa/ra HOBaTa hm no3nniia b Xpncroc (bjk. Eijiec. 4:22,24; Kon. 3:8).
B Tan. 3:27 Ta3H HCTHHa e npe^CTaBeHa KaTO (JiaKT B H35IBHTEJIHO HAKJIOHEHHE; TyK Ta e noa (JiopMaTa
Ha HMITEPATHB. Hanpe5KeHHeTO Me5K#y roaBHTejiHOTO h 3anoBeAHOTO HaKjiOHeHne ce nopa5Kna ot c6jn>CbKa
Ha hoboto hh nojKMcemie b XpncToc h 5KejiamieTO hh ^a npeGtABaivie b Hero. Hne CMe „CBeTnn" (cBeTH
xopa) b MOMenra Ha HaineTO cnacemie, ho CMe yBemaBami ^a Gt^eM „CBeTH". ToBa e GnGjieiiCKiiaT
napaaoKC, npefljiaram m>jiHO h cboGoaho cnacemie b Xpncroc, ho h OTnpaBam 6oeH npn3HB 3a
XpHCTOnOAOGHOCT!
e „He ce rpiiaceTe" H3pa3i>T e b CErAiiiEH HMnEPATHB c otphiiatejiha hacthlia. Ta3H rpaMaTHHHa (JiopMa
oGmcHOBeHO onncBa cnnpaHe Ha AencTBne, KoeTO Bene e b nponec. ToBa 03HaHaBa, ne HaKOH xpncTHami b
Phm ca 5KHBenH HenoAoGaBamo. Mo5Ke 6h TOBa e 6hjio pe3yjrrar ot TexHHTe e3HHecKH npaKTHKH Ha
noKjiOHemie. Tpy/mo e #a ce oGacmi KaKBO ynn H3 3a njrbTCKOTO xpncTiiaHCTBO. H3 aBropn npe^CTaBaT
CbcroaHnero Ha HOBeKa b 6ejm h nepmi KpacKH. CaMHaT TepMHH njn>TCKH xpncTnamiH 3BynH KaTO
npoTHBopenHe. H Bee naK toh icacae HaineTO ..Bene", ho onncBa h OHOBa, KoeTO „npeACTon". IlaBeji
KareroproHpa HOBenecTBOTO b Tpn rpynn (I Kop. 2:14-3 : 1):
a. ecTecTBeHHHT HOBeic (H3iy6eHOTO HOBenecTBo) -2:14
6. ^yxoBHHHT HOBeK (cnaceHOTO HOBenecTBo) -3:1
B. njTbTCKH HOBeHH (njTbTCKH XpHCTHHHH hjih xpncTHami-GeGeTa) -3:1
H „He ce rpiiaceTe 3a CTpacniTe Ha njitTra" IlaBeji no3HaBa TB-bp^e aoGpe pacTamHre onacHOCTH Ha
HaniaTa na/piajia A/iaMOBa npnpoaa (bjk. Phmji. 7; rn. Eijiec. 2:3), ho Xpncroc hh ji$b& cnnaTa h jKejiamieTO
Aa npe^aAeM 5KHBOTa ch Ha Bora (bjk. Phmji. 6 rn.). ToBa e Qjxaa npoAtJDKHTejma 6op6a! (bjk. 8:5-7; I HoaH
3:6-9).
B1HPOCH 3A OBCtaCflAHE
To3h KOMenrap e caMO p^kobojctbo 3a H3yHaBaHe. ToBa 03Ha x iaBa, ne Bne caMH HOCHTe OTroBopHOCT 3a
HanHHa, no kohto TbjiicyBaTe EnGjinaTa. BceKH ot Hac TpaGBa #a xo/ra b CBeTjnniaTa, Koaro My e nanQYia.
IIpHopHTeT npn HHrepiipeTaniiaTa CTe caMHaT Bne, BaniaTa BnGnna n CBeTHaT JJyx. He Giraa %a
npexBipjiaTe Ta3n OTroBopHOCT Ha kohto h %a e KOMeHTaTop.
Hacroainirre Binpocn 3a o6ci>5iyiaHe nejiaT ^a bh no/moMorHaT ^a o6mhcjiht6 ocHOBHHTe TeMH b to3h
pa3Aeji Ha nocjiamieTO. Hejrra hm e aa npe/ni3BHKaT mhcjih, a He aa aaaaT Kpainni OTroBopn.
1 . 3amo TBip/ieHHaTa Ha IlaBeji 3a ynpaBjiaBaiHirre ca TOJiKOBa pa/iiiKajiHH 3a pamnrre xpHCTHami?
2. TpaGBa jih xpHCTHamnrbT ^a ce noAmrroiBa Ha BceKH bha BjiacT?
3. fl,jii>5KeH jih e xpHCTiuiHHH'bT ^a H3m>jmaBa Bcaica 3anoBeA Ha BjiacTTa?
4. ^ajiH 1 cthx ce oraaca ao 6o5KecTBeHoro npaBO Ha Hapero?
5. J\ajm IlaBeji nocTaBa hobh GorocjiOBCKH ochobh hjih pyMwre Ha Hcyc b Maron 22:21 ca
npeneaeHT?
6. J\ajm rpa5K/iaHCKOTO HenoAHHHemie e onpaB/iaHO 3a xpHCTHamrre? (bjk. JXesmwt 5:25-32)
7. KaKBO e OTHoniemieTO Ha cthx 4 ki>m cmi>pthoto Haica3aHHe?
8. J\ajm xpHCTHaHCKaTa ciBecT e BHHara npaBa? (bjk. 5 cthx)
9. Ba3npaiiKH ce Ha 8 cthx, TpaGBa jih xpncTHaHHTe ^a HMaT Kpep,wnm KapTH?
10. J\ajm 8 cthx roBopn 3a jnoGoBTa hh ki>m xpncTHaHHTe hjih ki>m bchhkh apyrn xopa?
1 1 . 3amo IlaBeji H3noji3Ba JleKanora KaTO CTHMyji 3a HOB03aBeTHHTe BapBamn?
12. 3amo IlaBeji nirrnpa TaKHBa y5KacHH rpexoBe, OTHacaiiKH rn ki>m BapBamHTe?
13. KaK „HOBeK M05Ke ^a ce oGjiene b TocnoA Hcyc XpncToc?"
226
Phmjihhh 14 rjiaea
PAJflEJIEHHJI nO AE3AHH B CfcBPEMEHHHTE nPEBOflH
UBS 4
NKJV
NRSV
TEV JB
He ct/jexe
6paxaxa ch
3aKOHtx
Ha CBo6o/jaxa
JIio6oBxa yBaxaBa
npHHiinnnxe
Ha /jpyriixe
He ct/jexe /jpyriixe Mmioctp^He
ki>m /jpyriixe
14:1-12
14:1-13
14:1-4
14:1-4 14:1-12
14:5-6
14:5-12
14:7-9
14:10-12
He 6t^exe crrtmca
3a 6pax ch
3aKOHtx Ha jno6oBxa
He noBajxHHxe
/ipyrirce
14:13-23
14:13-23
14:13-18 14:13-15
14:14-23
14:16-21
14:19-23
(14:22-15:6)
14:22-23
IIPOHHT HA TPETH HHKBJI (b»c. CTp. ix)
nPOCJIE/JMBAHE HA ABTOPCKOTO HAMEPEHHE HA HHBO AE3AHH
Tosh KOMeHTap e caMO pfrKOBoacTBO 3a HsynaBaHe. ToBa 03HaHaBa, ne Bne caMH HOCHTe OTroBopHOCT 3a
HanHHa, no kohto TbjiKyBaTe BnGjiiuiTa. BceKH ot Hac TpaGBa na xonn b CBeTjiHHaTa, KoaTO My e aaaem.
IIpHopHTeT npn HHrepnpeTanHHTa CTe caMHHT Bne, BaniaTa EhGjihh h Cbcthjit fl,yx. He 6iraa na
npexBipjiaTe Ta3H OTroBopHOCT Ha kohto H^ae KOMeHTaTop.
IIpoHeTeTe rnaBaTa Ha emm rt>x. OnpeneneTe TeMHre. CinocTaBeTe BanieTO TeMaTHHHO pa3nejieHHe c
neTTe ci>BpeMeHHH npeBona no-rope. Pa3nejiHHeTO Ha a63anH He e BntxHOBeHO ot Bora, ho e kjhohobo 3a
npocjieASBaHeTO Ha aBTopcKOTO HaMepemie. A HMeHHO TOBa e b cbpneBHHara Ha HHrepnpeTHpaHeTO. BceKH
a63au Hiia enHa enHHCTBeHa TeMa.
1 . ITbpBH a63au
2. Btoph a63au
3. TpeTHa63aii
4. H T.H.
HAEJIIOflEHHfl BEPXy KOHTEKCTA HA CTHXOBE 1-12
Ta3H rnaBa ce omiTBa && GanaHcnpa napaflOKca Me5Kny CBo6on,aTa h OTroBopHOCTTa Ha xpHCTHHHHHa.
TeMaTa e enHO jiHTepaTypHO nano h ce npocTnpa no rnaBa 15:13 cthx.
B. npo6jieMi>T, kohto e neHipajieH 3a Ta3H rnaBa, e Hanpe5KeHHeTO Me5Kay BapBamirre eBpen h e3HHHHnH b
pnMCKaTa nbpKBa (hjih BepoaTHO IlaBjiOBHTe npejKHBaBamia b Kophht). IIo npHHinin, npenn na CTaHaT
227
xpHCTHHHH, ot eBpeHTe ce onaKBa #a cneABaT npaBHjiaTa, a e3H x iHHHHTe ca H3BecTHH c aMopanHocx He
3a6paBaHTe, ne Ta3H rnaBa e a^pecnpaHa ao HCKpeHHTe nocjieaoBaTejiH Ha Hcyc. Ta He e 3a njn>TCKHTe
BapBamn (bjk. I Kop. 3:1). H eBpen, h e3HHHHHH ca MaKCHMajmo MOTHBHpaHH. Hsna^aHeTO b
KpaiiHOCTHTe e onacHO h b ppeTe nocoKH. Ta3H /niCKycHa HaMa 3a Hen ^a npoBOKHpa cna3BaHeTO Ha
3aKDHa hjih r& HacbpHH CBoGo/iaTa. 3anoMHeTe, ne IlaBeji nnnie ao pHMjiamrre, AOKaTO e b Kophht. B
KopHHT npo6jieMi>T 6e pyx Ha pa3AeneHHe, a b Phm BapBaiHirre 6axa pa3HHHHH.
C. BapBamHTe Tpa6Ba ^a Gi^aT BHHMaTenHH, KoraTO HanaraT CBoaTa Teonoraa h eTHica KaTO CTaH/iapT 3a
ApyrHTe xphcthhhh (bjk. II Kop. 10:12). Bchhkh BapBamn TpaGBa ^a xoaht b CBeTjiHHaTa Ha CBoaTa
Teojiorna, ho Ta He e jiajieiia /nipeKrao ot Bora. Bee naK, BapBannrre ca no/i BimaHHe Ha rpexa. Te
TpaGBa aa ce HacbpnaBar, yBemaBaT h ynaT ot nHcamiaTa, 3ApaBHa pa3yM h onHTa, ho BHHara ^a ro
npaBaT c jiioGob. Kojikoto noBene 3HaeM, TOJiKOBa noBene oci>3HaBaMe, ne hhiho He 3HaeM (bjk. I Kop.
13:12)!
D. HaniHTe mothbh h noBe^eHHe npeA Bora ca hcthhckh KjnonoBe 3a oueHaBaHe AeiiCTBHaTa Ha Apyrnre
BapBamn. XpHCTHamrre me 3acTaHaT npeA Xphctoc h me Gi^aT ct>achh ot Hero 3a OTHonieHHeTO ch
e/niH ki>m Apyr (bjk. ct. 10,12 h II Kop. 5:10)
E. MapTHH JlyTep Ka3Ba:"XpHCTHaHHHi>T e Haii-CBoGoAHHaT rocno/iap h He 3aBHCH ot HHKoro;
xpHCTHaHHHi>T e HaH-noKopHHHT ot bchhkh cnyrH, cnyjKem Ha bchhkh." EnGjieiiCKaTa HCTHHa necTO e
npeACTaBeHa KaTO napa/K>KC, H3m>jiHeH c Hanpe5KeHHe.
F. Ta3H Tpy/iHa, ho Ba5KHa TeMa e b uenrbpa Ha Phmjishh 14:1-15:13, a cbiho h b I KopHHrami 8-10 rn. h
KonocaHH 2:8-23.
G. Tpa6Ba ^a ce OT6ejie5KH, ne njrypajiH3Mi>T uexjiy HCKpemrre BapBamn He e jioiho Hemo. BceKH BapBam
HMa CBOHTe chjihh h cnaGn CTpaHH. BceKH Tpa6Ba ^a ce o6xo5K/ia b aaAeHara My CBeTjiHHa, BHHarn
totob #a npneMe hobh npo3peHHa npe3 flyxa h EnGjiHaTa. ,Q,OKaTO CMe Ha 3eMaTa h rne/iaMe npe3
3aMT>rneHO cti>kjio (I Kop. 13:8-13) mpn6ea j\a ce o6xo5KnaMe c jiioGob (ct. 15), h mhp (ct. 17,19) icaro
ce H3rpa5K/iaMe B3anMHO.
H. He TpaGBa aa ce oraacaMe npeayGeaeHO kt>m onpeflejiemiaTa „CHjieH" h „cjia6", aa/jemi ot naBeji. Toft
eABa jih e HMan TaKOBa HaMepemie. H e^HHTe, h .npynrre ca HCKpeHH BapBamH. He Tpa6Ba %a ce
onHTBaMe aa MoaejinpaMe apyraTe no CBoa CTaH/iapT, a aa ce npneMaMe eflHH /jpyrnro b Xphctoc!
I. LJejiiiHT cnop M05Ke aa 6i>Ae onepTaH KaTo:
1. ^a ce npneMaMe, 3amoTO Bor hh npneMa b Xphctoc (bjk. 14: 1,3; 15:7);
2. #a He ce ct>ahm, 3amoTO Xphctoc e rocno/iapaT h Ct/niaTa (bjk. 14:3-12);
3. jnoGoBTa e no-Ba5KHa ot jiHHHaTa CBoGo/ia (bjk. 14: 13-23);
4. cjieABaii Xphctobhh npHMep h ce OTKa5KH ot npaBaTa ch 3a Ao6poTO Ha OKOJimrre (bmc. 15: 1-13)
H3CJIEflBAHE HA flYMH H OPA3H
HHTAT OT EtJITAPCKHJI nPEBOfl BEPEH — 14:1-4
1 npHeMairre cnaGna bi>b BapaTa, ho He 3a ^a cnopnTe 3a MHeHHa. ^ E/ihh BapBa, ne M05Ke ^a n&Q
bchhko, a cnaGnaT bi>b BapaTa a^e caMO 3ejieHHyK. ^ Kohto a^e, && He npe3npa to3h, kohto He a/ie, h kohto
He xflg, fl,a He ci>ah to3h, kohto a/ie, 3amoTO Bor ro e npnen. ^ Koii ch th, 3a ^a cbahih Hy5KA cnyra? Tlpefl,
CBoa coGcTBeH rocnoaap toh ctoh hjih na/ia. Ho me ctoh, 3amoTO TocnoA e cnjieH ^a ro HanpaBH #a ctoh.
HHTAT OT AHTJIHHCKHfl HVEBORNASB — 14:1-4
^Now accept the one who is weak in faith, but not for the purpose of passing judgment on his
opinions. ^One person has faith that he may eat all things, but he who is weak eats vegetables only.
•*The one who eats is not to regard with contempt the one who does not eat, and the one who does not
228
eat is not to judge the one who eats, for God has accepted him. ^Who are you to judge the servant of
another? To his own master he stands or falls; and he will stand, for the Lord is able to make him
stand.
14:1
NASB „cera npneTii"
NKJV „npneivieTe"
NRSV, TEV „nocpemHeTe"
NJB „flai"iTe aootp npneM"
H3pa3i>T e b ceranmo noBejinrejiHO HaicjiOHeHHe, cpe/ieH 3ajior (bjk. 15:1). ToBa e e/nia 3anoBeA,
HaconeHa ki>m no/mora. MecTOHMemieTO „BHe" e ynoTpeGeHO b rpi>HKHJi Teiccr, ho b aHrjiHHCKHH e
H3noji3BaHa AyMaTa „chjihh" xphcthhhh (bjk. 15:1). 3anoBeATa ce OTHaca ao ABeTe rpynn b nbpKBaTa b
Phm. Mo5Ke 6h Kacae (1) Hanpe5KeHHexo ue^Kjiy BapBamirre eBpen h esHHHHHH (bjk. 15:7-21) hjih (2) m>K
OT/iejiHH jihhhocth. U,ejiHHT KOHTeKCT ce OTHaca 3a HCTHHCKHTe, HCKpeHH BapBanni; hhkdh chjihh, a Apyrn
cjiaGn b CBoaTa Bapa. TyK BapaTa e b CMHCbJia Ha pa36iipaHeTO Ha IlHcaHHJiTa h thxhoto pa/niKajiHO hobo
npHji05KeHHe.
NASB, NKJV „to3h, kohto e cjiaS bbb BapaTa"
NRSV, TEV »Te3H, kohto ca HeycTOHHimn bbb BapaTa"
JB „aKo BapaTa Ha HOBeKa He e flocTarbHHO ciuiHa"
Ta3H (})pa3a e noA^epTaHa, ti>h KaTO e ntpBaTa b ipi>nKHJi tckct. EyKBajiHHHT npeBOA e ,,cjia6 bi>b
BapaTa." CeraniHOTO BpeMe HaGjiara Ha (JiaKra, ne ce Kacae 3a THnHHHa 5KHTeHCica xapaKTepncTHKa, 3a
Harnaca Ha yivia. B Ta3H rnaBa TB-bp^e CKennpiHHJiT xphcthhhhh e onncaH no Tpn HanHHa (1) 3a6paiwBam
onpe/iejieHa xpaHa (bjk. 14:2,6,21); (2) HaGjiaram Ha cneniiajiHHTe ahh (bjk. 14:5-6); h (3) 3a6paHHBam
bhhoto (bjk. 14:17,21). CbiHiwT THn HOBeK e cnoMeHaT h b Phmji. 15:1 h I Kop. 8:9-13; 9:22. He 6i>p3aHTe
Aa KaTeropH3HpaTe TB-bp^e 6i>p30 ce6e ch KaTO cnjieH hjih cjiaG xphcthhhhh. Hecro BapBannrre ca cjia6n b
e/ma oGjiacT, a chjihh - b apyra.
OTHOineHHeTO Ha IlaBeji no Te3H Binpocn e mhoto pa3JiHHHO b Taji. 4:9-10 h Koji. 2:16-23. TaM Te3H
TeKCTOBe OTpa3aBaT noBe/ieHHeTO h yHemuiTa Ha jn>5KjiHBHTe yHHTejm. B Phmjuihh TOBa ca HCKpeHHTe
BapBamn, kohto ca A06pOCI>BeCTHH.
| CnELtHAJIHO nOHflTHE: CJIAEOCT
ETO TO H KOHTpaCTlT. JIl>5KJIHBHTe yHHTejIH Ce XBajIHT C npenOpiKHTe CH H pHTOpHHHHJI CTHJI, HO
IlaBeji 3Hae neHaTa Ha cjiaGocTra (astheneo). 3a6ejie5KeTe kojiko necTO Te3H TepMHHH (hjih (jiopMHre
HM) Ca H3nOJI3BaHH B I H II KopHHT3HH.
CaMoxBajiCTBO CjiaQocT
I KopHHTaHH 1 : 29,3 1 I Kophhtjihh 1 : 25 ,27
3:21 2:3
4:7 4:10
5:6 8:7,9,10,11,12
9:15,16 9:22
II Kophhthhh 1:12,14 11:30
5:12 Oa>K) 12:22
7:4,14 Oa>K) 15:43
8:24 II KopHHTami 10:10
9:2,3 11:21,29,30
10:8,13,15,16,17 12:5,9,10 (flBa mra)
11:12,16,17,18,30 13:3,4 Oam>TH), 9
12:1,5,6,9
IlaBeji H3noji3Ba KOHnenniiaTa 3a cjiaGocTra no hhkojiko HanHHa:
1. cjiaGocT ot Bora, I Kop. 1:25
2. cjiaGnB CBeTa, I Kop. 1:27
3. cjiaGocTTa h CTpaxbT Ha IlaBeji, I Kop. 2:3; 9:22; II Kop. 11:29,30; 12:5
4. IlaBeji h MHCHOHepcKHHT My eicnn, I Kop. 4: 10; II Kop. 11:21
229
5. cjiaGn BapBamn (b>k. Phmji. 14:1-15:13), I Kop. 8:7,9,10,11,12; 9:22
6. (JiroiPiecKH GonecTH I Kop. 11:30
7. nacTH ot HOBeniKDTO Tajio, I Kop. 12:22
8. (JiiBiPiecKOTO Tajio, I Kop. 15:43
9. npncbCTBHeTO Ha IlaBeji h pHTopHHHHTe My yMemia, II Kop. 10:10
10. cnaGocTTa Ha IlaBeji ycHjiBa Bo5KHHTa CHjia, II Kop. 12:9,10; 13:4,9
11. Xphctoboto nocnaHHe, npe3 IlaBeji, II Kop. 13:3
12. ®H3HHecicoTO Tajio Ha XpHCTOc, II Kop. 13:4
NASB „ho He c u,en octacaaHe Ha HeroBiiTe MHeHiiHTa"
NKJV „ho 6e3 n& ce cnopn 3a hchchii Hema"
NRSV „ho He c ueji 3a cnopoBe othocho pajjiiiHHiiTe mhchiih"
TEV „He ce KapaiiTe c thx, 3apajHi MHeHiiHTa hm"
JB „6e3 m ce 3anoHBa cnop"
BapBamHTe TpaGBa #a ce npneMar emm Apyr BinpeicH pa3Jin T niaTa b MHemiaTa h 6e3 ^a ce TtpcH
npoMjma b Tax! ToBa H3HCKBa CBoGo/ia h nocToaHCTBO, 6a3npaHH Ha oGmemieTO, a He Ha H3KycTBeHO
eflHHCTBO. Bchhkh BapBanpi ca b npouec. TpaGBa aa aaaaT BpeMe Ha flyxa, 3a aa paGora 3a AocraraHeTO na
m>jma 3pejiocT, ho Aopn h ToraBa, ejipa jih me HMa m>jiHO Cbrnacne.
14:2 LJejiTa Ha AHeTaTa b to3h cthx He e 3ApaBocjiOBHa, a pejmrH03Ha. npo6jieMi>T c xpaHaTa e Bi>3HHKHaji
3apa^H (1) eBpeiicKHTe 3aicoHH 3a xpaHaTa (bjk. JleBHT 11 rn.) hjih (2) 5KepTBHre, npHHacami Ha e3HHecKHTe
h^ojih (bjk. I KopHHraHH 8-10 rji.). Hcyc acHO noA^epTaBa, ne He xpaHaTa ocKBepHjrea HOBeKa (bjk. MaTeii
15:10-20; Mapic 7:14-23). Ta3H HCTHHa e HjiiocTpHpaHa npe3 BHAemieTO Ha Ilerbp, OTHacamo ce 3a
KopHHjiHH b Jlesmwi 10 rn.
14:3 „to3h, kohto nae, HHMa jx& Stfle octfleH" H3pa3tT ,,j\a He ce oraaca c npe3pemie" e CEFAfflHO
nOBEJIHTEJIHO HAKJIOHEHHE B AKTHBEH 3AJTC>r Ha ezoutheneo C OTPHHATEJIHA qACTHUA H o6HKHOBeHO
3HanH cnnpaHe Ha aeiicTBHe, KoeTO e b npouec. „IIpe3peHHe" e 6yKBajmo ,„oa OMajiOBa5KHin", „aHyjiHpain",
hjih „CHeTeni 3a mimo" (bhc. 14:10; JlyKa 18:9; I Kop. 6:4; 16:11; II Kop. 10:10; Iaji. 4:14; I Coji. 5:20).
BapBanprre ne TpaGBa aa Gt^aT ceGenpaBeami. Chjihimt bi>b BapaTa He TpaGBa aa npe3npa cnaGna.
e „CbflH" TjiaroJl-bT e B CEIAIIIEH JJE.HTEJIEH nOBEJIHTEJIEH 3AJIOr C OTPHHATEJIHA HACTHHA H
oGnKHOBeHO 03HaHaBa cnnpaHe Ha aeiiCTBHe, KoeTO e b nponec. CnaGnaT bi>b BapaTa TpaGBa aa cnpe aa
ci>ah AeiiCTBHaTa Ha ApyrHTe BapBanjH, c kohto He ce pa36npa.
h „Eor TO e npnejl" TjiaroJl-bT e B MHHAJIO CBTPIIIEHO BPEME, CPE/JEH 3AJIOr, H35IBHTEJIHO HAKJIOHEHHE.
CimnaT rnaroji e npeBeaeH „npHe" b cthx 1 . BapBanjHTe TpaGBa ^a ce npneMaT Ha ocHOBaTa, ne ca npneTH
ot Bor, npe3 Xphctoc (15:7). B KOHTeKCTa, cthx 3 roBopn /pipeKTHO 3a TBip/ie ctphrthhtc xpncTHaHH,
kohto ca cjiaGn bi>b BapaTa.
14:4 „Kori ch th" H3pa3i>T e noA^epTaH b rpi>HKiia opHriniaji h ce oraaca 3a cjiaGnre GpaTa h cecTpn.
h „cjiyraTa" ToBa e AyMaTa oiketes, (JtopMnpaHa ot oikos, KoeTO 03HaHaBa „aom" 3aTOBa Kacae AOManiHHa
npHCjry5KHHK, poG (bjk. JlyKa 16:13; J\Qsasm 10:7; Phmji. 14:4; I Ilerbp 2:18). IIo to3h HanHH ^vMaTa e
H3noji3BaHa hb CemyarHHra (bjk. Bhthc 9:25; 27:37; 44:16,33; 50:18). OGmcHOBeHO AyMaTa 3a cjryrHB H3
e doulos. Mo5Ke ^a oGosHanaBa ^OManiHH cjryrn hjih poGn.
ApryMeHTbT Ha IlaBeji iyK e, ne xpncTHaHHTe ca cjiyrn Ha XpncTOC. Toft e TexeH „rbcnoAap" h caMO
Toil ro boah h ai>P>kh OTroBopHH 3a TexHHTe ^eiiCTBHa h mothbh (bjk. II Kop. 5:10).
H „BceKii ctoh hjih na^a npea rocnoflapa ch" TOBa ce OTHaca 3a 3aKOHHHHHTe, ho M05Ke 6h Ba5KH h 3a
ABeTe rpynn. BapBanjHTe me ce cnpaBaT no-ycneniHO c H3Ba5K/iaHeTO Ha CbHHiiaTa ot coGciBeHHTe ch ohh
(bmc. MaTeii 7:1-15).
H „me ctoh, 3amoTO Bor me ro fltpacn" ToBa e ny/iecHO oGemaHne (bjk. 5:1-2; Ci>ahh 24-25). ToBa
BKjiiOHBa cb/ieiiCTBHeTO Ha BceKH BapBam (bjk. I Kop. 15:1-2). Bjk. CnEHHAJIHO nOHilTHE: CTOfl ki>m 5:2.
230
IIo T03H Binpoc HMa pa3JiH x iHH BapHaHHH b rp-biiKHH p-bKonnc. The NKJV, cjieABaiiKH p-bKonncH D, F, Q
048 h 0150, KaKTO h jiaTHHCKHH BynraTa npeBe5Knar ,,Bor" (Theos), oGane b MSS P^", N, A, B, C, P ayMaTa
e „rocnoa" (kurios). The UBS^ cMaTa, ne ce Kacae 3a ayiviaTa „rocnoa" (A).
HHTAT OT EtJITAPCKHJI IIPEBOfl BEPEH — 14:5-9
^ Hhkoh yBa5KaBa eAHH #eH noBene ot apyr pen, a apyr hobck yBa5KaBa BceKH rqh. BceKH n& Gt^e
HamjiHO yBepeH b cboh yM. " Kohto man ^erei, 3a rocno^a ro na3H, (a kohto He na3H ffgwi, 3a rocno^a He
ro na3n). Kohto xp,e, 3a TocnoAa xp,e, 3amoTO Gjiaro^apH Ha Bora, h kohto He xp,e, 3a TocnoAa He sjie, h
Gjiaro^apH Ha Bora. ' 3amoTO hhkoh ot Hac He 5KHBee 3a ce6e ch h hhkoh He yMHpa 3a ce6e ch. ° IIoHe5Ke,
aKO 5KHBeeM, 3a TocnoAa 5KHBeeM h aKO yMnpaivie, 3a TocnoAa yMnpaivie. H TaKa, psum 5KHBeeM, hjih
yMHpaMe, Ha TocnoAa CMe. " 3amoTO Xphctoc 3aTOBa yMpa h BiSKp-bCHa, h 05khb3 othobo, 3a ^a Bjia/iee h
HaA MipTBHTe, H Ha/I 5KHBHTe.
HHTAT OT AHDIHHCKHfl HVEBORNASB — 14:5-9
^One person regards one day above another, another regards every day alike. Each person must be
fully convinced in his own mind. *>He who observes the day, observes it for the Lord, and he who eats,
does so for the Lord, for he gives thanks to God; and he who eats not, for the Lord he does not eat, and
gives thanks to God. ^For not one of us lives for himself, and not one dies for himself; ^for if we live,
we live for the Lord, or if we die, we die for the Lord; therefore whether we live or die, we are the
Lord's. ^For to this end Christ died and lived again, that He might be Lord both of the dead and of the
living.
14:5 „c »m hobck yuaacaua c iiiii aeH noBene ot apyr" Bee ome hhkoh xopa ca jipcra KaneH^apHH mo ce
OTHaca ao pejiHraHTa (bjk. Tan. 4:10; Koji. 2:16-17). IIo paBHO bchhkh #hh npHHaAJie5KaT Ha Bora. HaMa
cneuHanHH #hh. HaMa „CBeTCKH" h „CBemeHH" ^xhh. Bchhkh ca cbcth!
h „BceKii HOBeK TpaSBa aa Stfle ySeaeH b yMa ch" H3pa3i>T e b ceeaiiieh iiachb hmfiepathb. ToBa e
kjhohit 3a MHp b Ta3H oGjiacT. JlHHHHTe ydemjiemm Ha BapBaiHHre ca npnopHTeT 3a ^eHCTBHHTa hm (bjk. ct.
23), ho He h 3a nocrbnKHTe Ha .apynrre. Bor He M05Ke jia ce bmccth b GorocjiOBCKaTa hh KyTHH. MoeTO
GorocnoBHe He e BoacneTO.
14:6 „3a Tocnofla" Ta3H (bpa3a e H3non3BaHa Tpn m>TH b 6 ct. h apa m>TH b 8 ct. Bchhkh peine hhh Ha
xpHCTHaHHTe 3a 5KHBOTa hm, TpaGBa a,a ca „3a TocnoAa" (bjk. Ecjiec. 6:7 h Koji. 3:23), a He CbraacHO
JIHHHHTe HM npeTeHHHH.
14:7 „hhkoh He acimee 3a ce6e ch" Hhkoh xphcthhhhh He e octpob. XpHCTHjanrre 5KHBeaT m>pBO h caMO
3a Xphctoc (bjk. ct. 8). fl,eiiCTBHJiTa Ha BapBaiHicre bjihjmt Ha OKOJiHHTe. Te ca nacT ot tojuimoto ayxoBHO
ceMencTBO. 3aTOBa TpaGBa aa orpampiaBaT CBo6oa,aTa ch b jho6ob (bjk. I Kop. 10:24,27-33). TpaGBa pn
no3BOJuiBaT Ha flpyrirre aa H3pacTBaT 3aKOHHHHecTBOTO boah ap ea,Hoo6pa3He h ceGenpaBe^HOCT, kohto He
ca ot Bora. Haii-Te5KKHTe h 0CT>a,HTejiHH jjyuu Ha Hcyc 6axa 3a ce6enpaBea,HHTe (JiapnceH.
14:8 „aKO... aKo" ToBa ca ape TPETOKJIACHH YCJIOBHH hspe^ehim, kohto 03HanaBaT npeACToanjo 6-hjismp
^eiiCTBHe. BapBaniHTe cjry5Kar Ha rocno^a npn Bcaica Bi>3M05KHa cjiynaiiHOCT (bjk. Eibec. 6:7; Koji. 3:23)!
14:9 „rocnofl Ha acimiiTe h MtpTBiiTe" ToBa e HeoGiraaHHa noflpenda Ha tc3h tcpmhhh. ToBa
noApe5KnaHe M05Ke 6h ce OTHaca 3a XpncTOBaTa cmi>pt h Bi>3KpeceHHe. Toil e cyBepeH h b jipeTe cijiepn.
ToBa jiasa GorocjiOBCKO ocHOBaHHe, nopa^H KoeTO xpncTHaHHTe He TpaGBa ^a 5KHBeaT 3a ce6e ch, ho h
3a ApyrHTe BapBamn. Te He npHTC5KaBaT ce6e ch; KyneHH ca c BHCOKa ueHa. Cjiyrn ca Ha Hcyc, kohto yMpa
3a rpexoBeTe hm, 3a ^a He 6i>AaT po6n Ha rpexa, ho Ha Bora (bjk. Phmjishh 6 ra.). BapBamHre TpaGBa ^a
noApa5KaBaT Ha HcycoBHa jkhbot b jiioGama cjry5K6a, Kara yMnpaT 3a coGcTBeHHTe ch 5KejiaHHH (bjk. II Kop.
5:14-15; Taji. 2:20; I HoaH 3:16).
ITHTAT OT EBJirAPCKHfl nPEBOfl BEPEH— 14:10-12
^ Ho th 3amo cbAHin CBoa 6paT? Hjih ni>K th 3amo npe3Hpani CBoa 6paT? noHe5Ke HHe bchhkh me
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3acTaHeM npeA Xphctoboto Cbmunnne. *■*■ 3amoTO e nncaHo: „)Khb ct>m A3, ica3Ba TocnoA, npeA MeH me ce
npeiuiOHH BcaKO KonaHO, h BceKH e3HK me H3noBa#a Bora." ^ H TaKa, BceKH ot Hac me OTroBapa 3a ce6e ch
npea Bora.
HHTAT OT AHDIHHCKHfl IIPEBOfl NASB — 14:10-12
l^But you, why do you judge your brother? Or you again, why do you regard your brother with
contempt? For we will all stand before the judgment seat of God. ^For it is written, „As I live, says
the Lord, every knee shall bow to Me, And every tongue shall give praise to God." l^So then each one
of us will give an account of himself to God.
14:10 „ho tii" Mectohmehheto e OTirpea, 3a Gi^e aKnenrapaHO Ha Hero.
H Jlpara Binpoca b cthx 10 ca (JiOKycbT Ha CTHxoBe 1-12. Te3H ppe rpynn ca cnoMeHaTH h b cthx 3, Kb/ieTO
othobo ce pa3JiHHaBax E/iHaTa rpyna „ct>ah", apyraTa rne^a ,,c npe3peHHe". Jlfiere noBeflemM ca
HenoAxoAamH 3a cnyjKHTejiH! TexHHHT rocno^ap, Hcyc Xphctoc e emiHCTBeHHHT, kohto HMa npaBOTO Ra
KpHTHKyBa h ^a Ha6jiK>AaBa. KoraTO BapBainHre ^encTBaT KaTO ct>ahh (1) Te ch npncBoaBaT Eo5KHeTO Macro
h (2) h nocrbrmaT npH6i>p3aHO h HeyMecTHO.
H „bciihkii me 3acTaHeM npea EoaaieTO ct/uuiHiue" C-binara HCTHHa e H3Ka3aHa b II Kop. 5:10.
BapBamHTe me oGacHjreaT Ha TocnoAa KaK ca ce /rbp>KajiH emm c /rpyr. Hcyc me AencTBa KaTO Bi>pxoBeH
C-b^Ha (b>k. MaTeii 25:31-46).
The NKJV npeBe5iyia „ct>ahoto Macro Ha Xphctoc" rp-bniarre p-bKonncn, kohto nomcpenaT KJV, ca
Han-paHHHTe KopeKTopn Ha ApeBmrre, rpmKH piKonHCH N% h C . Ji^yiaia e Theos b MSS N, B, C, D, F h
G. HpenHCBaHHTe M05Ke 6h ca npoMemuiH rp-bUKHJi tckct, 3a ^a noTB-bp^jiT II Kop. 5:10. Bt>3mo5kho e ji,a ca
ro HanpaBHjiH, 3a ^a ce npoTHBonocTaBaT Ha TB-bp^eHHaTa, 3a xpncTOBaTa npHeMCTBeHOCT. HMa hhkojiko
BapnaHTa, kohto KaTO ne jih npaBaT TeKCTa no-oproflOKcajieH (bjk. Bart D. Ehrman, The Orthodox
Corruption of Scripture, Oxford University Press, 1993, CTp. 90-91).
14:11 „e nncaHo" H3pa3i»T e b iiepoekteh nACHB, H35IBHTEJIHO hakjiohehhe. ToBa e cnennaneH hahom,
H3non3BaH, 3a ^a ce no30Be Ha B/rbXHOBeHnre C3 nirraTH. ToBa e npenpaTKa kt>m Hcaa 45:23, kohto ct>iho e
UHTHpaH bt>b Ohji. 2:10-11.
H „KaKTO A3 aciiBea" ToBa e KjieTBeHa (Jtopivryjia, kohto e nrpa Ha /ryMH etc 3aBeTHoro HMe Ha Bora,
YHWH. YHWH e (Jtopivia ot eBpencKHH rnaron „aa Gt^a" (bjk. H3x. 3:14). Toft e nocroaHHO 5khb,
caMOCi>mecTByBam Bor. 3aTOBa ce 3aicjieBa b co6ctb6hoto ch CBinecTByBaHe.
14:12 „BceKii me OTroBapa 3a ce6e en npea Bora" XpHCTHamrre me Gt^aT ci>AeHH(B5K. II Kop. 5:10), h
KpHTHKyBamHTe GpaTaTa me ynacTBaT b TOBa. Hjikoh /rpeBHH piKonHCH nponycKaT H3pa3a „npeA Bora"
OneBHAHO, KOHTeKcrbT ro npeAnonara. To3h BapnaHT Ha TeKCTa M05Ke 6h e noBjiHHH ot to3h b cthx 10.
HABJIK)flEHHfl BBPXY KOHTEKCTA HA PHMJMHH 14:13-23
A. BinpocbT KaK xpHCTHHHHTe TpaGBa ^a ce oraacaT noMe5K/ry ch e nocTaBeH b CTHxoBe 1-12.
Ba3npaH e Ha HCTHHaTa, ne Te TpaGBa #a ce npneiviaT Hanbjmo, 3amoTO Xphctoc, kohto e tcxhhht
rocno/iap h ct>ahh H3najio npneivia h CHjiHHTe, h cjiaGnTe. Hecro /ryxoBmrre Hema, kohto ca
Ba5KHH 3a e/rHaTa rpyna, 3amoTO ce oraacaT kt>m thxhoto MHHano, jihhhoct, poahtcjih,
irpeAnonHTaHHa, onHT h np., He ca 3HanHMH 3a Bora.
B. BropaTa nacT ot ^HCKycHHTa 3a xpncTnaHCKaTa CBoGo/ia h ottobophoct pa3BHBa TeMaTa ot
pa3HHnHa rjie^Ha TOHKa. B Te3H CTHxoBe jnoGoBTa Ha BapBainim ki>m Bora, b Hcyc, e Ta3H, kohto
ro noATHKBa ^a oGnna ^pyrnTe xphcthhhh KaTO 6paTa. KaKTO Hcyc e ^an 5KHBOTa ch 3a
BapBamHTe, TaKa h Te TpaGBa ^a ocTaBaT CBoGo/iaTa ch 3a OHe3H, 3apa/m kohto e yMpan (bjk. II
Kop. 5:13-14; I HoaH 3:16). ToBa H3'rbKBaHe Ha jnoGoBTa Kara ocHOBeH mothb 3a xphcthhhckhh
5KHBOT ce BH>KAa h b 13:8-10 bt>b B3aHMOOTHomeHHaTa Ha BapBamHTe c HeBapBainnre.
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C. HcTHHaTa, ne bchhkh Hema bt>b (JiroiPiecKHa CBaT ca hhcth, e mhoto Tpy/nia 3a npneMaHe ot
hhkoh xphcthhhh. HecTO BapBamirre nocTaBaT BHHaTa 3a rpexa Bipxy Hemara bmccto Bipxy Tax
caMHTe (demon rum). IlaBen o(J)HHHajiHO noBTapa, ne bchhkh Hema ca hhcth (bjk. 14:14,20; I
Kop. 6:12; 10:25-26; I Thm. 4:4; Tht 1:15). HeroBirre H3Ka3BaHHa cjie^BaT HcycoBHTe noyHemia
3a xpaHaTa b MapK 7: 18-23. nerbp H3non3Ba npnMepa c HHCTara h HenncTaTa xpaHa, 3a aa onnine
KaK Bor npneMa KopmumH b Jlesmwi 10: 15.
D. Ta3H nacT e npe/niasHaHeHa rnaBHO 3a CHjimrre 6paTa. IlaBeji npH3HaBa nojryHCTHHaTa, ne
..bchhkh Hema ca hhcth", ho Aom>jiBa, ne Te He H3rpa5K/iaT h Ha3H#aBaT Bojkhcto ceMeiiCTBO (bjk.
I Kop. 6:12;10:23). TojuiMaTa CBoGo/ia Ha hskoh 6para M05Ke ^a ci>6jia3HH ppyrn. BapBannrre ca
na3HTejiH Ha 6paTaTa ch npe3 Xphctoc h 3apaflH Hero.
E. HHTepecHO e, ne IlaBeji He tbt>pah, ne cnaGnaT 6paT e b ayxoBeH nponec, kohto me ro HanpaBH
..CHjieH" . HajiaTa /nicicycHa He e aapecnpaHa kt>m ropacTBaHe b GjiaroaaTra, ho HMa 3a neji jiioGob
Me5K/iy BapBannrre c pa3JiH x iHH xpHCTHaHCKH pa36HpaHHa. BmnoHBaHeTO Ha BapBainHTe b ejma
hjih Apyra rpyna ce ocHOBaBa Ha rana jihhhoct, pejmrH03HO oGyHemie h jinneH onHT othocho
Koe e npaBHjiHO h Koe - He. 3aAanaTa Ha BapBannia He e aa npoMeHH ppyrwre, ho aa rn oGnna h
yBa5KaBa. ToBa e Binpoc Ha ci>pn,eTO, a He Ha yMa. Bor oGnna, npneMa h p,ap,e Cboh Chh 3a hjuioto
HOBenecTBO, h 3a ABeTe rpynn.
H3CJIEflBAHE HA flYMH H OPA3H
HHTAT OT EtJITAPCKHJI nPEBOfl BEPEH — 14:13-23
13 3aTOBa, HeKa Bene He ce ct>ahm e/niH ppyr a no-^oGpe ^a cb/him TaKa - hhkoh j\a He nocTaBa cmmca
hjih cb6jia3i>H npeA 6paT ch. ^ 3Haa h cbm yBepeH b Tocnoji Hncyc, ne hhiuo He e caMO no ce6e ch
HenHCTo; caMO 3a to3h, kohto CHHTa Hemo 3a HenncTO, 3a Hero to e HenncTO. ^ 3amoTO, aKO 6paT th ce
HacKipGn nopa/ni TOBa, KoeTO ajjeni, th Bene He xoahiii cnopeA jnoGoBTa. He noryGBaii c ajjeHeTO ch oh3h,
3a KoroTO e yMpan XpncTOC. 1" H TaKa, He ocTaBairre j\a ce xyjiH Bamero jjoGpo. 1' 3amoTO Eo5KHeTO
napcTBO He e a^eHe h nneHe, a npaBjja h mhp, h pa^ocT b CBeTHa JSyx. 1° noHe5Ke, kohto TaKa cjivjkh Ha
XpncToc, e yrojieH Ha Bora h o/ioGpeH ot xopaTa. 1" H TaKa, HeKa ti>pchm TOBa, KoeTO cjivjkh 3a Mnp h 3a
B3aHMHO H3rpa>KJiaHe. ^ He ymnnroKaBaH Eo5KHeTO Jieno 3apa/ni ajjeHe. Bchhko HancTHHa e hhcto, ho e
3jio 3a HOBeKa, kohto a#e etc ci>6jia3i>H. *■*■ £I,o6pe e j\a He ajjeni Meco, hhto j\a nneni bhho, hhto j\a
HanpaBHin Hemo, npe3 KoeTO 6paT th ce cni>Ba (hjih ce ci>6jia3HaBa, hjih OTCJiaGBa). ^2 HMani jih Bapa?
HMaii a 3a ce6e ch npeA Bora. Bjia5KeH oh3h, kohto He oci>5KAa ce6e ch b TOBa, KoeTO o^oGpaBa. ^3 a oh3h,
kohto ce ci>MHaBa, KoraTO a/ie, e ocbach, 3amoTO He a/ie ot Bapa; a bchhko, KoeTO He CTaBa ot Bapa, e rpax.
HHTAT OT AHDIHHCKHfl nPEBOflA^SB — 14:13-23
^Therefore let us not judge one another anymore, but rather determine this — not to put an
obstacle or a stumbling block in a brother's way. 1^1 know and am convinced in the Lord Jesus that
nothing is unclean in itself; but to him who thinks anything to be unclean, to him it is unclean. l^For if
because of food your brother is hurt, you are no longer walking according to love. Do not destroy with
your food him for whom Christ died. ^Therefore do not let what is for you a good thing be spoken of
as evil; l^for the kingdom of God is not eating and drinking, but righteousness and peace and joy in
the Holy Spirit. l%or he who in this way serves Christ is acceptable to God and approved by men.
l^So then let us pursue the things which make for peace and the building up of one another. 20d o no t
tear down the work of God for the sake of food. All things indeed are clean, but they are evil for the
man who eats and gives offense. 21ft is good not to eat meat or to drink wine, or to do anything by
which your brother stumbles. 22xhe faith which you have, have as your own conviction before God.
Happy is he who does not condemn himself in what he approves. ^^But he who doubts is condemned if
he eats, because his eating is not from faith; and whatever is not from faith is sin.
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14:13 „m ne ce ocbacaaivie turn apyr" H3pa.3i»T e b CErAiUHO #e.htejtho hakjiohehhe c noA^HHEHO
HSPEHEHHE c OTPfflJATEJIHA 4ACTHL1A h npencTaBa cnnpaHe Ha neiicTBHe, kocto Bene e b npouec. ToBa He
e npenynpe5KneHHe, a 3a6paHa. Mhoto HanonoGaBa cthx 16. rjiarojn>T „ci>na" Bene e H3noji3BaH 5 m>TH ot
IlaBeji b CTHxoBe 1-12 h cera ome nerapH m>TH b CTHxoBe 13-23.
| CnEIlHAJIHO nOHflTHE: PEflHO JIH E XPHCTHflHHTE flA CE Cl»flflT?
To3H Binpoc ipaGBa na 6i>ne pa3rjien,aH no ppa HanHHa. HbpBO, TyK IlaBen yBemaBa BapBaiiniTe
ff,a He ce cbnaT (bjk. MaTeii 7:1-5; Jlyica 6:37,42; Phmji. 2:1-11; .Hkob 4:11-12). Ot npyra cTpaHa Te ca
HacbpnaBaHH j\a oueHaBar BO^aHHTe (bjk. MaTeii 7:6,15-16; I Kop. 14:29; I Con. 5:21; I Thm. 3:1-13; I
HoaH 4:1-6).
Hhkojiko KpirrepiiH 3a no-flo6pa oueHKa, koiito me ca ot nojwa:
1 . ouemcaTa TpaGBa na 6i>ne c Hen H3rpa5Kn,aHe (bjk. I HoaH 4: 1, npoBepica c u,eji onoGpemie)
2. ouemcaTa TpaGBa aa ce npaBH etc CMHpemie h kpotoct (bjk. Taji. 6:1)
3. ouemcaTa He TpaGBa na ce (JtoicycHpa Bipxy jiHHHHTe npeflnoHHTamia (bjk. Phmji. 14:1-23; I
Kop. 8:1-13; 10:23-33)
4. ouemcaTa TpaGBa aa onpenejiH Te3H BonanH, kohto He ca KpHTHicyBaHH ot HbpicBaTa hjih
oGmecTBOTO (bjk. I THMOTeii 3 in.).
e „aa He nocTaBHMe cntHKa hjih npenica npea 6paT ch" H3pa3i>T e b CEEAIHEH fl,E5!TEJlEH HHOHHHTHB c
OTPHL[ATEJlHA ^iacthita, Koero 03HaHaBa cnnpaHe Ha neiicTBHe, Koero Bene e b npouec. Ci>maTa HCTHHa e
H3Ji05KeHa b 21 cthx h I Kop. 8:9.
flyMaTa „npe x nca" ce oraaca 3a Heino no m>Ta, KoeTO M05Ke a.a npeniGBHica cirtBaHe. HniiOMi>T
„npem>HH-KaMi>K" GyicBajiHO ce oraaca 3a pearnpam MexamBtM b icanaH 3a jkhbothh.
AicueHn>T e Bi>pxy oGnraocTHHaT ejieMenr b xpHCTHaHCTBOTO. Hne CMe na3HTejiH Ha GpaTaTa ch,
HacbpHHTejiH h npuaTejiH. Bapara e ceMeiicTBO !
14:14
NASB „3naa h cbm yBepeH b Tocnofl Hcyc"
NKJV „3naH h cbm ysepeH ot Tocnoa Hcyc"
NRSV „3Haivi h cbm yoeaeH b Tocnoa Hcyc"
TEV „Cbh)3bt mh c Tocnofl Hcyc mh jasa yBepeHOCT"
JB „Cera JHaa etc curypHOCT, ne roBopa ot hmcto Ha Tocnofl"
ToBa e ITEPOEKTHA, ,Z],E5ITEJiHA <DOPMA Ha raarojia oida, H3noji3BaH b ceraniHO BpeMe, 3aenHO c
nepiJieKTeH, cipanaTejieH HHniiicaTHB. ByKBajiHO 03HaHaBa, „a3 nponi>ji5KaBaM na 3HaM h na 6i>fla yGeneH."
ToBa e noBTopHO 3aaBaBaHe Ha HCTHHaTa b CTHxoBe 5b h 22-23. Pa36npaHeTO Ha BapBannrre 3a nyxoBmrre
Hema naBa ot B3aHMOOTHonieHHaTa hm c Hcyc, npe3 CBeraa fl,yx. Te TpaGBa aa 5KHBeaT b CBeTjiHHaTa,
kohto npHTe5KaBaT
H „hhiho He e HeniiCTO caMO no ce6e ch" Ci>maTa HCTHHa HMa b fl,eamia 10:9-16. He HemaTa, a xopaTa ca
3JiH. Hump b npHpo^aTa caMO no ce6e ch He e 3jio (bjk. ct. 20; Mapic 7:18-23; I Kop. 10:25-26; I Thm. 4:4 h
Tht1:15)!
H „kohto CHiiTa hoho 3a HeniiCTO, 3a Hero e hchiicto" TyK 3a HenncTO ce roBopn b pejmrH03HHa cmhcbji.
BapBamHTe ipaGBa aa oueiiaBaT neiicTBHaTa cnopea CBBecTra ch (bjk. ct. 5, 22-23). flopn h na He ca
pa36pajiH HamjiHO Haicoa CHTyauiia hjih neiicTBHe, TpaGBa aa ce o6xo5iyiaT b CBeTjiHHaTa ch npea Bora. He
Tpa6Ba aa oci>5KnaT h apyrHTe, ocoGeHO b HeacHH oGjiacTH (wan. 14: 1, 3, 4,10, 13).
14:15 „aKo 3apaflii xpaHara 6paT th ckbpSii" ToBa e YCJIOBHO H3PEqEHHE ot ni,PBH kjiac, Koero
H3raeacaa e BapHO ot nepcneicraBaTa Ha aBTopa hjih HeroBnre jiHTepaiypHH uejiH. JIioGoBTa, a He npaBaTa,
OTroBopHOCTTa, He CBoGoaaTa onpenejiaT HanHHa hh Ha 5khbot.
ToBa ce OTHaca hjih 3a (1) eBpeiicKHTe 3aicoHH 3a xpaHaTa (bjk. JIcbht 11); hjih(2) MecoTO, 5KepTBaHO Ha
H^ojiHTe (bjk. I Kop. 8-10). Cthx 20 oipa3aBa ci>BceM acHO Ta3H HCTHHa.
234
H „BeHe He nocTbnBaui no jiioSob" To3h H3pa3 Hecro e HapnnaH ..saKDH-bT Ha CBoGoaaTa" (bjk. .Hkob 1:25;
3:12), hjih ..iiapcKHHT 3aKOH (b5k. .Hkob 2:8), hjih „3aKOHi>T Ha XpncToc" (b5k. Tan. 6:2). Hivia HOB03aBeTHn
npaBHjia h yKa3aHna !
NASB, NKJV „He norySBafi c xpaHaTa en oinii, 3a KoroTO Hcyc yivipH"
NRSV „He flonycKaii xpaHeHeTO tii aa pajpyuin acepTBaTa Ha Hcyc"
TEV „HeKa xpaHaTa, c kohto ce xpamiiu, He pajBana aejiOTO Ha Hcyc"
JB „He CTe CBoSoflHii jx& H^eTe KaKBOTO iicKaTe, aKo Taica Bpenirre Ha tojii, 3a kototo
Hcyc yMpn"
H3pa3l.T e B CErAIIIHO nOBEJIHTEJIHO C OTPHHATEJIHA qACTHHA, KOeTO 03HaHaBa fla cnpein aeiiCTBHe,
KoeTO Bene e b nponec. Opa3aTa e mhoto cnjiHa. CBoGoAara Ha HaKon xpncTnaHn He TpaGBa ^a e
pa3pyniHTejiHa 3a apyrnTe okojio Tax! ToBa He ce oraaca 3a 3ary6aTa Ha cnacemieTO, ho boah ao 3ary6a Ha
Mnpa, cnrypHOCTTa h ecJteKTHBHOTO cny5KeHHe.
rjiarojii>T „pa3pyinaBaM" e rp-bUKara jsyma luped, Koaxo 03HaHaBa ,,/ja npnHHHniii Mi>Ka, Ttra hjih GojiKa"
(Kaiero h b LXX). Haii-HecTO IlaBeji H3non3Ba Ta3n jiyua bi>b II KopHHrami (bjk. 2:2,4,5; 6:10; 7:8,9,11).
Pa3pyinaBaii e mhoto cnjieH npeBOfl. He ce oraaca ao 3ary6aTa Ha cnaceHneTO, ho Kacae rooGjinHeHneTO Ha
CBeraa flyx, KoraTO nora3BaMe yGe^eHnaTa Ha Apyrnre. Ako ^eiicTBHaTa Ha BapBamna He ca BCJie^CTBHe
Ha yGe^emie, Te ca rpax (bjk. ct. 23).
14:16
NASB „ncKa aa He ce xyjin TOBa, kocto CHHTare 3a flo6po"
NKJV, NRSV „He no3BOJiHBattTe Ha aoSpoTO jx& ce CMHTa 3a 3jio"
TEV „He ocTaBHHTe TOBa, kocto e aoSpo, jxa nojiynn jiouio iiMe"
JB „He TpaSBa jja npaBiiTe KOMnpoMiic c npasaTa ch"
H3pa3bT e B CErAIIIHO BPEME, CTPAJJATEJIEH 3AJIOr, nOBEJIHTEJIHO HAKJIOHEHHE C OTPHHATEJIHA
*IACTHHA, KoeTO 3HanH cnnpaHe Ha ^encTBne b nponec. CBoGoAara M05Ke necHO ^a ce npeBipHe b
pa3pemeHHe!
„JI,o6poTO Hemo" b to3h cthx Kacae AencTBHaTa Ha CHjiHHTe BapBamn. Ako cnjiHnaT BapBam H3noji3Ba
CBoGo/iaTa no HannH, kohto 3acara cjiaGnre BapBamn n rn HapaHaBa AyxoBHO, ot „^o6pHTe Heina" ce
Bi>3noji3Ba 3jinaT!
To3n cthx H3rjie5K/ia npoMeHa (JiOKyca ot OTHoniemiaTa Me5Kzry xpncTnaHHTe kbm rpH5KaTa 3a
HeBapBamnTe (bjk. ct. 18b). rnarojn>T e ot jsym&T& „6oroxyjiCTBo" (ropeneHo), KoeTO oGnicHOBeHO ce
H3noji3Ba 3a HeBapBamn.
14:17 „BoacneTO HapcTBo" ToBa e e/raHCTBeHaTa ynoTpeGa Ha to3h H3pa3 b PnMjiaHHTe. 3a Hcyc TOBa e
noBTapanja ce Teivia. To e peanHOCT TyK n cera, a npe/iCTon ^a Gt^e 3aBi>pmeHO b Gi^eme (bjk. MaTeii 6: 10).
06mnaT 5KHBOT Ha Tajioro XpncTOBO e no-neHeH ot npoaBjieHnaTa Ha coGcTBeHaTa CBoGo/ia! Bh>k
cneABamoTO cnennajmo noHaTne.
| CllEUHAJlHO noHflTHE: EO)KHETO HAPCTBO
B C3 YHWH ce CMaTa 3a Hapa Ha H3panji (bxc I Hape 8:7; nc. 10:16; 24:7-9; 29:10; 44:4;
89:18; 95:3; Hcaa 43:15; 44:4,6) n MecnaTa e cbB-bprnemiaT nap (bjk. nc. 2:6). C po5KAeHneTO Ha
Hcyc bt>b BnTjieeM (6-4 r. np. Xp.) Eo5KneTO napcTBO Aoiwe b HOBenncaTa ncTopna c HOBa cnna n
H3KynjieHne (b HoBna 3aBeT, bjk. EpeM. 31:31-34; E3eK. 36:27-36). HoaH KptcraTeji npornacn 3a
6jiH30CTTa Ha napcTBOTO (bjk. MaTeii 3:2; MapK 1:15). Hcyc acHO ynenie, ne napcTBOTO npnci>CTBa
b Hero n HeroBHTe yneHna (bjk. MaTeii 4:17,23; 9:35; 10:7; 11:11-12; 12:28;16:19; MapK 12:34;
JlyKa 10:9,11; 11:20; 12:31-32; 16:16; 17:21). Bee naK napcTBOTO e b GtaemeTO (bjk. MaTeii 16:28;
24:14; 26:29; MapK 9:1; JIy K a 21:31; 22:16,18).
B CHHonrHHHHTe napajiejiH b MapK n JTyKa, HaMnpaMe (J)pa3aTa, „Eo5KneTO uapcTBO." Ta3n
necTa TeMa b noyneHnaTa Ha Hcyc BKjnoHBa HacToanjeTO uapyBaHe Ha Bora b HOBenncnTe cipiia,
KoeTO e^HH rqyi m,Q &bji,Q 3aBi>pmeHO no nanaTa 3eMa. Ciiiioto e OTpa3eHO b MOJinTBaTa Ha Hcyc b
MaTeii 6: 10. nnmeiiKH ^o eBpenre, MaTeii npe/inoHHTa (J)pa3aTa, KoaTO He ronojma HMeTO Ha Bora
(HeGecHO uapcTBo), AOKaTO MapK n JIyKa, nnmeiiKH ^o e3HHHniiHTe, H3noji3BaT TOBa
o6o3HaHaBaHe, BKjnoHBaiiKH 6o5KecTBeHOTO HMe.
235
OpasaTa e KjnoHOBa b CHHonTHHrnrre eBaHrejma. nipBHTe h nocjieAHnre nponoBe/TH Ha Hcyc,
h noBeneTO ot HeroBnre npnTHH 3acaraT Ta3H TeMa. Kacae ceranraoTO napyBaHe Ha Bora b HaniHTe
cspna! H3HeHaABamo e, ne HoaH H3noji3Ba Ta3H (Jipa3a caMO jipa itbth (h HHKora b npHTHnre Ha
Hcyc). B eBaHrejineTO Ha HoaH BeHimaT jkhbot e rnaBHaTa TeMa h MeTaiJtopa.
ToBa Hanpe5KeHHe e npHHHHeHO ot ppere nRBanwi Ha XpncTOC. C3 HaGjiara caMO Ha H/rBaHeTO
Ha Eo5khh Meciia - bohhctbcho, ocbahtcjiho, cnaBHO - ho H3 noKa3Ba, ne m>pBHaT m>T ROviRe
KaTO CTpaAamHflT Cjry5KHTeji ot Hcaa 53 rji. h CMHpemiaT nap ot 3ax. 9:9. JJpere eBpeiiCKH enoxn
- Ha HenocnyinaHHeTO h HOBaTa - Ha npaBeAHOCTra ce npHnoKpHBaT Hcyc 3aBHHara napyBa b
cbpuaTa Ha BapBainriTe, ho eptm aeH me napyBa Haa najioTO TBopemie. Toft me aon/ie, KaKTO C3
npeACKa3a! BapBamiiTe ..Bene" 5KireeaT b Eo5KHeTO napcTBO, ho ,,Bce ome He" ca b Hero (bjk.
Gordon D. Fee and Douglas Stuart, How to Read The Bible For All Its Worth, CTp. 131-134).
H „a npaBfla, Miip ii pa^ocr b Cbctiih flyx" JJyxLT e to3h, kohto jidB& Te3H KanecTBa Ha BapBainrrre h
xpHCTHaHCKOTO oGnjecTBO. ToBa ca xapaKTepncTHKHTe Ha Eo5KHeTO ceMeiiCTBO, Bi>TpeinHH h bihuikh.
CimecTBHTejiHOTO ..npaBeAHOCT" ce H3noji3Ba TyK ot naBeji no cneniiajieH HanHH. Bick cnEH,HAJIHOTO
nOHSITHE ki>m 1:17. OGnKHOBeHO Ta3H /ryMa onncBa BMeHeHaTa npaBe/THOCT, 3aKOHHa (ci>Ae6Ha)
AeKjiapaHiia ot Bor 3a nponiKaTa Ha BapBamiia h ycToaBaHeTO b Xphctoc (bjk. 3:21-31; 4). TpeniHOTO
HOBenecTBO He caMO e oGaBeHO 3a npaBe/rHO, ho h Tpa6Ba ^a CTaHe Tarawa. ToBa e nap h neji, H35ffiHTEJlHO
h nOBEJIHTEJIHO, CTOamii h jievaai, neHCTBainii c Bapa h 5KHBeemH c Bapa! .
Biok CnEHHAJIHOTO nOHilTHE KbM 6:4.
14:18 KoHTpojinpaHeTO Ha coGcTBeHaTa hh CBoGo/ia b HMero Ha cjiaGme BapBamii e 3HaK 3a HameTO
cjryaceHne kbm Xphctoc. HaMa no-cnneH HanHH %a noKa5KeM jnoGoBTa ch kt>m Hcyc ot TOBa #a oGnnaMe, #a
ce rpH5KHM h #a 3amiTraBaMe Te3H, 3a kohto Toh yMpa.
H „Oflo6peH ot HOBeuiiTe" H3pa3i>T e HaHHH 3a ycroaBaHe Ha TOBa, ne xpncTiiaHCKaTa jdoGob ki>m /rpyrHTe
M05Ke aa OTBopn BpaTH 3a cjry5KeHHe h GjiaroBecTBaHe Ha HeBapBampTO oGnjecTBO (bjk. ct. 16; II Kop. 8:21; I
neTtp 2:12). fl,i>p5KaHeTO hh emm c /rpyr b oGnjecTBOTO ot BapBamii e chjiho CBH^eTencTBO, no3HTHBHO hjih
HeraTHBHO.
14:19 „ncKa jxa cnejjBaMe" T0311 TepMHH e dioko, C3 htthom, o6in 3a CemyarHHra h 3a naBjioBHTe
nHcamra, 03HaHaBain ,„oa cjie/TBaMe peBHOCTHo" Hjnf'HecTHO aa ce CTapaeM #a nocTHrHeM." naBen
H3noji3Ba Ta3H /ryMa b Phmji. 9:30, 31; 12:13; h ere TyK e etc cmhcbji Ha „npecjieABaHe", ho b 12:14 e 3a
Te3H, kohto npecjie/TBaT BapBainrrre (bjk. I Kop. 4:12; fippu ce6e ch, 15:9; II Kop. 4:9; Tan. 1:13,23; Ohji.
3:6).
H3pa3l»T e hjih a CEEAUIHO /IE5ITEJ1HO H351BHTEJ1HO hakjiohehhe (MSS n, A, B, F, G, L & P) hjih
CErALUHO flEitTEJIHO nOA^HHHTEJIHO HAKJIOHEHHE (MSS C, D), H3n0Jl3BaH B CMHCbJia Ha nOBejlHTejlHO.
UBS^ npeBe5KAa H3pa3a KaTO no/J^HHHTEJIEH, ho nocTaBa oneHKa „D" (c rojiaMa Tpy^HOCT).
3a6ejie5KeTe HenjaTa, kohto xpHCTHamiTe TpaGBa ^a npecjie/TBaT
• rocTonpneMCTBO, 12:13
• HenjaTa, kohto cnoMaraT 3a MHpa h B3aHMHOTO H3rpa5K/iaHeTO, 14:19
• jnoGoBTa, I Kop. 14:1
• xpHCTonofloGHOCT, Ohji. 3:12,14
• TOBa, KoeTO e Ao6po 3a /rpyrna h 3a bchhkh, I Coji. 5:15
• npaBe/THOCT, CBaTOCT, Bapa, jiioGob, nocToaHCTBO h kpotoct, I Thm. 6:11
• npaBe/THOCT, Bapa, jdoGob h mhp ki>m Te3H, npn30BaHH ot rocno^a, kohto ca c hhcth ci>pna, II
Thm. 2:22
H „KoeTO cjiyacii 3a Mnp ii B3anMHO Ha3iiflaHiie" B-bb bchhkh Henja, TOBa TpaGBa ^a e nejrra Ha BapBanjHTe
(bjk. nc. 34:14; EBp. 12:14). JlnnHaTa CBoGo/ia h GorocjiOBCKOTO pasGnpaHe TpaGBa ^a BO^aT ki>m
CTaGnjiHOCT h pacTe5K Ha Xphctoboto Tajio (bjk. 15:2; I Kop. 6:12; 14:26; Eijiec. 4:12). Bm. CnEHHAJIHO
nomiTHE: H3rPAaCflAHE ki,m 15:2.
14:20 „He cbcunBafl BoacuHTa paSoTa" H3pa3i»T e CEEAIIIHO flEitTEJlHO nOBEJIHTEJIHO c OTPHHATEJIHA
^lACTHHA, KoeTO 03HaHaBa cniipaHe Ha aeiicTBHe b nponec. ToBa e chjkh cjio>keh TJlAroJl (kata + luo).
236
H3non3BaH e caMO rpu m>TH b IlaBjiOBHTe nocjiaHHa (bjk. II Kop. 5:1 3a cmi>pt h Tan. 2:18 b cmhcbji
,,pa3pyinaBaH"). HMa nrpa Ha nyMH Me5K/ry „ci>rpa5KnaH" b cthx 19 h Ta3H, Koaro 6yKBajiHO 03HaHaBa
..CKtcaii". H RBeje ca kohctpykthbhh MeTaiJiopH.
KaKBO e „Eo5KHeTO nejio" b to3h kohtckct? He mojkcm na ro OTHeceM kbm 3pejiocTra, ho ki>m paGoTaTa
Ha flyxa b 5KHBOTa Ha „cjia6HTe" BapBanjH. Hmcbne b to3h kohtckct hjih b I Kop. 8-10 rn. IlaBeji He TBi>pnH,
ne rpynHTe TpaGBa B3aHMHO aa ch noMaraT enHa Ha npyra hjih n,a ce npoMeHaT!
H „iiancTiina BCiiHKii Hema ca hhcth" Bjk. 6ejie5KKaTa ki>m cthx 14.
NASB „jiouio e 3a HOBeica c HfleHeTO ch jx& npiiHiiiisiBa ct6jia3BH"
NKJV „3jio e 3a HOBeKa m oSiiacaa c h/whcto ch"
NRSV „rpeuiHO e 3a Bac aa cntBare apyrnTe, 3apaflii TOBa, kocto a^eTe"
TEV „norpeuiHO e jx& ce ane, kocto me nocnyaui 3a cntHKa Ha okojihiitc"
JB „HfleHeTO ce npeBptma b 3jio, aKO npe3 Hero hhkoh na^a b rpax"
Cthxit e ueHrpajmaTa HCTHHa Ha to3h naca5K (bjk. I Kop. 10:25-26; Tht 1 : 15).
OTHaca ce 3a MecoTO, npHHacaHO Ha h^ojih (bjk. I Kop. 8-10 rn.). MecoTO He e np6po hjih 3jio, ho aKO
cjiaGnaT 6paT mhcjih, ne e HenpaBHjiHO h bh/th npyr xpHCTHamiH aa ane, h toh ro nocjienBa, TOBa, Koero e
MopajiHO HeyTpajiHO, ce npeBpi>ma b 3jio, 3amoTO HapaHaBa h nora3Ba cbBecrra Ha cjiaGna h Bo5KHaTa BOJia.
noBeneTO ot aHrjiniiCKHTe npeBonH OTHacaT to3h naparpacj) ki>m ,,no-CHjiHHa 6paT", hhcto aneHe Bjinae
Ha no-cjiaGna 6paT KaTOJiHHecKHaT npeBOA NAB naBa npyro MHeHHe h OTHaca to3h Binpoc ki>m „no-
cjia6Ha" 6paT, npeBe5KnaiiKH ro: ..IpeniHO e hobck aa ane, KoraTO TOBa Bjinae 3Jie Ha CBBecTra My." nipBHaT
H36op H3rjie5Kna HaH-no6i>p b KOHTeKCTa, ho flBycMHCJieHOCTra M05Ke aa e uejieHacoHeHa h na ce OTHaca h 3a
CTHxoBe 22-23.
14:21 Cthxit e HaconeH ki>m „chjihhtc 6paTa" ToBa e enHHCTBeHHaT naca5K, kohto aaBa ocHOBamie 3a
GorocjiOBCKaTa nnea 3a m>jiHO Bi>3fli>p}KaHHe ot HaKOH xpaHH h HanHTKH. Chjihhtc xpncTHaHH TpaGBa aa
orpaHHnaBaT CBoGoaara ch c jik>6ob ki>m TexHHTe BapBaiuii 6paTa h cecTpn, h HCKpeHO aa TtpcaT
H3ry6eHHTe. TojiaMa nacT ot TOBa caMOorpamrqaBaHe e KyjiiypHO, pernoHajiHO h/hjih ncHOMHHauHOHHO.
HMa ma hhohhhthbhh ruArojiA b mhhajio cblpuieho bpeme c otphesatejiha qACTHL[A, Koero
03HaHaBa ..mncora He 3anoHBaH neiiCTBHe". HaKOH ca npeBejin Te3H EJIAroJIH KaTO npiui05KHMH caMO 3a
HaKOH cjiynan (bjk. I Kop. 8-10 rn.). Ohcbhaho aneHeTO h nneHeTO He MoraT na 6i>flaT 3a6paHaBaHH.
14:22
NASB „y6eacfleHiieTO, kocto iiMaui 3a Te3ii Hema, iiMaii ro b ce6e ch npea Bora. BjiaaceH oh3h,
kohto He octacfla ce6e ch 3a TOBa, kocto oaoSpHBa"
NKJV „HMaTe jih B«pa? HMaiTre h 3a ce6e ch npea Bora. IU,ac i.iiib e to3h, kohto He ce octac^a,
BtnpeKH ofloSpeHiieTO ch."
NRSV „BapaTa, kohto iiMaui 3a Te3ii Hema, iiMatt h 3a ce6e ch npea Bora. BjiaaceH ohh, kohto He
octacfla ce6e ch b TOBa, kocto ofloSpjraa"
TEV „IIa3eTe ce6e ch h TOBa, b kocto BapsaTe npea Bora. macTjiiiBii ca Te3ii, kohto He ca
ry3Hii 3a TOBa, kocto ca OTCtfliuin!"
JB „fl,pB>KTe BapaTa ch b Bora - h CHiiTaflTe 3a macTjiiiB to3h, kohto He B3eMa peuieraiH
npOTIIB CBBeCTTa CH."
ToBa e noTBi>p5iyieHHeTO, ne BapBamnaT Tpa6Ba ^a HMa CBoa mTeBoaHa, ayxoBHa CBeTjiHHa h
GnGjieiicKH H3rpaneHa cbbcct (bjk. ct. 5). TpaGBa na ce o6xo5Kna b ^a/ieHaTa My CBeTjiHHa, ho 6e3 ^a oci>5KAa
BapaTa Ha GpaTaTa ch . Cthx 22 ce OTHaca 3a ..chjihhtc 6paTa", ^OKaTO cthx 23 e 3a ..cjiaGna 6paT".
Cthx 22 e pa3JiHHeH b pa3JiHHHHTe piKonHCH. Mo5Ke na 6i>ne Binpoc (NKJV) hjih TBi>pneHHe (NASB,
NRSV, TEV & JB).
a „0fl06pHBaM" Bh>k CnEI],HAJIHOTO nOHMTHE KIM 2:18.
14:23 „oh3h, kohto ce cbMHirea" ToBa e a CErAUlHO B1.3BPATHO nPH^ACTHE. OTHaca ce ki.m npeKajieHO
CbBeCTHHa XpHCTHaHHH B CTHX 3.
e „e OCbfleH" TjiaroJl-bT e B CTPA^ATEJIEH 3AJIOr, nEPOEKTHO BPEME, H35IBHTEJIHO HAKJIOHEHHE OT katci +
krino, 3HaHem (1) „orpaH ot CBeraHHaTa h chctch 3a bhhobch" (bjk. Harold K. Moulton, The analytical
237
Greek Lexicon Revised, CTp. 216) hjih (2) „He 0Cb5KneHHe, ho HaKa3aTenHa npHCbna" (bjk. Phmji. 5:16,18;
8:1 [bjk. Moulton and Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament, CTp. 328]). Kacae ce 3a
ocKBepmiBaHe Ha Henna ciBecT h Gonica, BcnencTBHe rooGnHHemieTO ot CBeTHa JJyx.
h „aKo Hfleui" ToBa e ycnoBHO H3PEqEHHE ot tpeth kjiac.
H „bciihko, KoeTO He e ot ySeacflemie, e rpax" B nBycMHcnemrre GhGhchckh naca5KH, rpexbT e
HapyinaBaHe Ha HainaTa ebBecr, a He Ha 3aicoHa. Tpa6Ba na ce o6xo5KnaMe b CBeTjiHHaTa, kchito
npHTe5KaBaMe - BHHara OTBopeHH 3a noBene npocBeTjieHHe ot EnGnnaTa h flyxa. PasGnpaHeTO Ha
BapBannrre 3a Eo5KHaTa Bona TpaGBa na onpenena TexHHTe neiiCTBHa. Bt>3mo5kho e no-3penHTe xpHCTHami
Aa HMaT pa3JIHHHH MHeHHH nO /IByCMHCJieHHTe BinpOCH, HO H Te na Ca nO E05KHaTa BOJIH.
h Ilpn H3K0H ot rp-bUKHTe piKonHCH cjiaBOCJiOBHeTO ot 16:25-27 e b Kpaa Ha 14 raaBa. Ilpn hskoh e h Ha
npeTe MecTa. B enHH namrpyceH p-bKomic (P^") ro HMa b 15 rnaBa. HMa mecT pa3HHHHH MecTOnono5KeHHa
Ha TOBa cnaBOCJiOBHe b rp-bnicaTa p-bKomiCHa TpanHinia 3a PHMnaHnre. (3a m>jiHO pa36npaHe B5K. Bruce M.
Metzger, A Textual Commentary of the Greek New Testament, United Bible Societies, CTp. 533-536.) Eto
KpaTKO o6o6nieHHe Ha TeopHnre: (1) Cnopen pamoia eperaic OpnreH MapKHOH e npeMaxHan nocnenHHTe
nse rjiaBH ot Phmjihhh. ToBa 6h oGacmino CjiaBOCJiOBHeTO b 14 rnaBa. (2) flpyra yneHH npennonaraT, ne
IlaBeji e mican enHa nacT ot Phmjihhh, 3a na hm Gtne H3npaTeHa; raaBH 1-14. Ilocne ycTaHOBHji, ne e
HeoGxoAHMO na H3npaTH cbinoTO miCMO h no Eijiec; raaBH 1-16. J\i>jiTwn cmicbK c jihhhh no3npaBH (rnaBa
16) ce oraaca 3a Ecjiec, a He 3a Phm. (3) no3npaBHTe b 16 rnaBa ca 3a BapBannrre no m>Ta 3a Phm, 3aniOTO
AKHjia h IlpHCKHjia ca b Eijiec h HaMa OT6ena3aHO TaxHO 3aBpT>inaHe b Phm. (4) CnaBOcnoBHeTO He e
opHrHHajiHO h e npnGaBeHO no-KbCHO ot npenncBaHHTe 3a nmyprHHecKH nenn b nyGjiHHHOTO noKjiOHemie.
HHTepecHO e MHeHHeTO Ha M. R. Vincent, Word Studies, vol. 2.
„Cpemy Te3H TeopHH ce ronpaBa ynopHraaT (JiaKT, ne npn cpaBHjreaHe h CBnocTaBaHe Ha
no3HaTHTe, Hanmrni MSS Ha IlaBeji (okojio 300), BKmonHTenHO h HaH-Bamnrre, Te3H raaBH ca
TOHHO B T03H pen H BHn, C H3KmOHeHHe Ha cnaBocnoBneTO (p. 750).
B1HPOCH 3A OECt)KflAHE
To3h KOMeHTap e caMO p^KOBoncTBO 3a H3yHaBaHe. ToBa 03HanaBa, ne Bne caMH HOCHTe OTroBopHOCT 3a
HanHHa, no kohto TtnicyBaTe En6nnaTa. Bceicn ot Hac Tpa6Ba na xonn b CBeTnnHaTa, KoaTO My e naneHa.
npnopHTeT npn HHrepnpeTanHaTa CTe caMHaT Bne, BamaTa EnGnna n CBeraaT JJyx. He 6nBa na
npexBipnaTe Ta3n OTroBopHOCT Ha kohto n na e KOMeHTaTop.
HacToamnre Binpocn 3a o6eb5KnaHe nenaT na bh nonnoMomaT na oGMHcnnre ocHOBmrre TeMn b to3h
pa3nen Ha nocnaHnem Henra hm e na npenn3BHKaT Mncnn, a He na nanaT Kparan OTroBopn.
1. OnnmeTe „no-cna6na" 6pax fl,ann IlaBen ro CMaTa 3a He3pan?
2. KaK xpncTnaHCKaTa CBoGona ce OTHaca kt>m xpncTnaHCKaTa ottobophoct?
3. flann bchhko b npnponaTa e hhcto nnn MopanHO HeyTpanHO (ct. 14, 20)?
3anio BinpocbT 3a xpaHaTa 6e TonKOBa Ba5KeH b Phm (bjk. I Kop. 8, 10 ra.), noMHeTe, ne IlaBen nnca Ha
PnMnaHHTe ot KopnHT?
5. OGacHeTe B3anMOOTHonieHnaTa Me5Kny 3HaHnaTa, CBoGonaTa n nioGoBTa b Ta3n raaBa.
6. Ha KaKBO TpaGBa na ochobbm HamnTe B3anMOOTHonieHna b irtpKBaTa?
7. Ha KaKBO ocHOBaBaMe HamnTe nnnHH H36opn n nencTBna?
KaK HamnTe neiicTBHa BnHaaT Ha npyrnre? KaKBO H3HCKBa TOBa ot Hac?
9. KaK na necJunnipaMe npaBHnHaTa xpHcraaHCKa eTHKa? Bt>3mo5kho nn e 3penHTe xpncTHaHH na He ca
b cbraacne, ho na ca npneTH ot Bora?
238
Phmjihhh 15 rjiaea
PA3flEJIEHHfl nO AE3AHH B CBBPEMEHHHTE nPEBOflH
UBS 4
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
JB
Yra)KflaHTe
Ha ^pyrHTe,
He Ha ce6e ch
HoceTe ch TercioTO
CnnHHTe
#a hocst cna6HTe
ITpaBeTe /jo6po
Ha flpynrre,
He Ha ce6e ch
(14:22-15:6)
15:1-6
15:1-6
15:1-6
15:1-6
BnaroBecTHeTO
3a e3HHHHHHTe
h 3a ro^eHTe
j\a XBanHM Bora
3ae/jHO
BnaroBecTHeTO
3a e3HHHHHHTe
IIpH3HB 3a e/JHHCTBO
15:7-13
15:7-13
15:7-13
15:7-12
15:7-12
15:13
15:13
MncHOHepcKOTO
Ha3HaHeHHe Ha IlaBeji
Ot EpycajiHM
/JO HjIHpHK
JIhhhh 6ene}KKH
IrpHHHHara Ha IlaBeji
#a mime Taica CMejio
Ennjior
15:14-21
15:14-21
15:14-21
15:14-21
15:14-16
15:17-21
nnaHtT Ha naBen
#a noceTH Phm
nnaH 3a nocemeHHe
b Phm
rtnaHtT Ha naBen
fla noceTH Phm
IIjiaHOBeTe Ha IlaBeji
15:22-29
15:22-33
15:22-29
15:22-29
15:22-29
15:30-33
15:30-33
15:30-33
15:30-33
nPOHHT HA TPETH HHKBJI (b»c. CTp. ix)
nPOCJIE/JJIBAHE HA ABTOPCKOTO HAMEPEHHE HA HHBO AE3AHH
To3h KOMeHTap e caMO p'skobojctbo 3a H3yHaBaHe. ToBa 03HaHaBa, ne Bne caMH Hocnre OTroBopHOCT 3a
HanHHa, no kohto TbjiKyBaTe EnGjiiuiTa. BceKH ot Hac Tpa6Ba ^a xo/ni b CBeTjiHHaTa, kosto My e jiajieiia.
IIpHopHTeT npn HHrepnpeTanHHTa CTe caMHHT Bne, BaniaTa EhGjihh h Cbcthjit fl,yx. He Giraa aa
npexBipjiaTe Ta3H OTroBopHOCT Ha kohto H^ae KOMeHTarop.
IIpoHeTeTe rnaBaTa Ha emm rt>x. Onpe^ejieTe TeMHre. CinocTaBeTe BanieTO TeMaTHHHO pa3AeneHHe c
neTTe cbBpeMemrn npeBOAa no-rope. Pa3AejraHeTO Ha a63aini He e B/rbXHOBeHO ot Bora, ho e kjhohobo 3a
npocjieASBaHeTO Ha aBTopcKOTO HaMepemie. A HMeHHO TOBa e b cbpneBHHara Ha HHrepnpeTHpaHeTO. BceKH
a63au Hiia e/iHa eflHHCTBeHa TeMa.
1 . ITbpBH a63au
2. Btoph a63au
3. TpeTHa63aii
4. H T.H.
HAEJIIOflEHHfl BEPXy KOHTEKCTA HA CTHXOBE 1-13
A. TeMaTa 3a xpHCTHjmcicaTa CBoGo/ia h OTroBopHOCT b 15:1-13 npo/ri>jr>KaBa ot rnaBa 14.
239
B . Te 3aTa ot 14:1-15:13 M05Ke aa 6t> ae o6o6meHa Taxa:
npHeMairre ce e^HH ppyr, noHe5Ke Bor hh npneivia b Xphctoc (bjk. 14:1,3; 15:7)
2. He ce Cb^eTe, noHe5Ke caMO Xphctoc e e/niHCTBeH rocno^ap h C^/nia (bjk. 14:3-12)
3. JIioGoBTa e no-Ba5KHa ot jiHHHaTa CBoGo/ia (bjk. 14: 13-23)
4. CneABaiiTe npnMepa Ha Xphctoc h ocTaBeTe npaBaTa ch 3a CMeTica Ha AoGporo Ha Apyrnre (bjk.
15:1-13)
C. 15:5-6 OTpa3aBa TpoiiHaTa neji Ha nejiHa KOHreiccT Ha 14:1-15:13
1 . ^KHBeirre b xapMomia e/niH c Apyr.
2. ^KHBeiiTe cnopea npnMepa Ha Xphctoc.
3. IIpeAJi05KeTe xBajiemie Ha Bora 3ae/niO c emamo CT>pne h e3HK.
D. 3a TOBa HanpejKemie ue^Kjiy jiHHHaTa CBoGo/ia h oGmara OTroBopHOCT ce roBopn hbI KopHHrami
raaBH 8-10.
H3CJIEflBAHE HA flYMH H OPA3H
HHTAT OT EBJITAPCKHJI nPEBOfl BEPEH —15:1-6
1 06ane Hne, CHjiHHTe, CMe ott>5khh Aa hochm cjiaGocTnre Ha cjiaGnre h ji& He yrasK/iaMe Ha ce6e ch. *•
Hexa BceKH ot Hac ^a yra5K#a Ha 6jth5khhh ch 3a HeroBO /K>6po, 3a H3rpa5K/iaHeTO My. ^ IIoHe5Ke h Xphctoc
He yro^H Ha Ce6e Ch, a KaKTO e nncaHo: „yKopHTe Ha OHe3H, kohto yKopaBaxa Te6, na^Haxa Bipxy MeH." ^
3amoTO bchhko, KoeTO e 6hjio nncaHo OTnpeAH, e 6hjio nncaHO 3a Haine noyneHne, 3a ^a M05KeM Hne npe3
TtpneHHeTO h yTexaTa Ha IlHcaHHaTa j\& HMaMe Ha/ie^a. * H Heica Bor Ha TtpneHHeTO h Ha yTexaTa bh
nape pa GtaeTe eAHHOMHCJiemi noMQTKjiy ch cnopea Xphctoc Hncyc, " Taxa ne c eflHH yM h Qjina ycTa n&
cnaBHTe Bora h OTna Ha Hannia TocnoA Hncyc Xphctoc.
HHTAT OT AHDIHHCKHfl HVEBORNASB — 15:1-6
IjVow we who are strong ought to bear the weaknesses of those without strength and not ./Ms* please
ourselves. ^Each of us is to please his neighbor for his good, to his edification. ^For even Christ did not
please Himself; but as it is written, „ The reproaches of those who reproached You fell on
Me." ^For whatever was written in earlier times was written for our instruction, so that through
perseverance and the encouragement of the Scriptures we might have hope. ^Now may the God who
gives perseverance and encouragement grant you to be of the same mind with one another according
to Christ Jesus, *>so that with one accord you may with one voice glorify the God and Father of our
Lord Jesus Christ.
15:1
NASB „Hiie, kohto CMe ciijihii, TpaSBa jx& hochm cjia6ocTirre Ha Tejn, kohto ca 6ej ciuia"
NKJV „Hne, kohto CMe ciijihii, TpaSBa aa hochm TpyaHOCTiiTe Ha cnaSirre"
NRSV „Hiie, kohto CMe ciijihii, TpaSsa jx& TtpmiM HeflOCTartHiiTe Ha cjiaSiiTe"
TEV „Hiie, kohto CMe ciijihii bbb BapaTa, TpaSsa jxa noMaravie Ha cjia6iiTe b tcxhutc TeroTii"
JB „Hiie, kohto CMe CHJiHii, HMaMe fltjir jxa TtpmiM rpeuiKiiTe Ha cjiaSiiTe"
ToBa ca ABa rnarojia b ceeauieh hhohhhthb etc 3HaHeHHe Ha hmfiepathb. BicjnoHBaHeTo Ha cjiaGme
h CHjiHHTe noKa3Ba, ne rnaBa 15 npoAtiracaBa TeMaTa, 3anoHHaTa b 14:1. Ta noKa3Ba Hanpe5KeHHeTO b
pHMCKaTa LCbpKBa (KaKTO H BT>B BCHHKH JipyTU HbpKBH) 3a HaHHHa Ha 5KHBOT Ha XpHCTHaHHTe B
Heonpe/ieJieHH GnGjieiiCKH MecTa. naBeji othobo ce nocoHBa KaTO nacT ot rpynaTa Ha „CHjiHHTe".
3a CBBpeMeHHHH HHTaTeji etc 3anaAHO MHCJieHe nocTaBaHero Ha eTmceTHTe „CHjieH" h „cjia6" 3a ABeTe
rpynn e npoaBa Ha npeflpa3CbAT>HH. CnjiHaTa rpyna ca Te3H, kohto ca cboGoahh ot 3aKOHHTe Ha pHTyajiHO-
opneHTHpaHHa penHrH03eH 5khbot. TaxHOTO B3aHMOOTHOineHHe c Bora He e 3aBHCHMO ot HecnrypHOCTTa Ha
H3ni>jiHeHHeTO Ha onpeflejiemi 3aaaHH hjih H36arBaHeTO Ha pejiHrH03HH 3a6pami. XopaTa b ^pyraTa rpyna
Cbinp ca xpHCTHaHH h ca Ham>jiHO npneTH, nocBeTeHH BapBamn. Te oGane BH5iyiaT BapaTa ch npe3
pejiHrH03HHTe H^en Ha MHHajiOTO ch. BapBamHTe lO^eH npoAtJDKaBaT ^a ce npH/rbp>KaT ki>m
CTapo3aBeTHHTe npaKTHKH Ha K>AaH3Ma. OGtpHaTHTe 63hhhhiih ce npHAi>p>KaT ot CBoa CTpaHa ki>m HaKOH ot
240
CTapnTe ch penHrH03HH (e3iPiecKH) H^en h npaKTHKH. 3a6ene5KeTe oGane, ne IlaBen He Hapipia no/ioGHO
OTHOineHne cpeA BapBanniTe „rpax". To ce npeBpi>ina b rpax, ejiBa KoraTO Te npecTbrmaT ci>BecTTa ch (bjk.
ct. 23).
flyMaTa ,,cjia6HTe" (adunates, 6e3 cnna, B5K. Phmji. 8:3) e pa3HHHHa ot astheneo b 14:1,21 (bjk. I Kop.
8:7,10,11,12; 9:22), Koaro ci>mo 03HaHaBa „6e3 cnjia".
To3h TeKCT Ka3Ba, ne xpHCTHHHHTe He 6nBa npocTO pa TonepHpaT 6e3 oxoTa /jpyrcrce xpHCTHami, a
TpaGBa c jiioGob %a ce rpiracaT 3a Tax h %a paGoTaT c Tax. rjiarojrbT „Ti>pna" ce H3noji3Ba ci>iho h 3a
„npeTbpiDiBaHeTo" Ha Mi>KHTe Ha Xphctoc Ha icp-bCTa (HoaH 19:17 h Hyica 14:27). riaBen 3Hae KaKBO
Hanpe5KeHHe M05Ke ^a Bi>3HHKHe Me5K/ry pejnini03HH xopa. Toft e ooyneH npn raManHHji, kohto e paBHH b
jinGepajiHaTa niKona Ha xnnejiHTe.
h „He como m yraacaaMe Ha ce6e ch" ToBa e CErAiHEH akthb hmelEPATHB c otphitatejiha qACTHiTA,
KoeTO oGnKHOBeHO 03HaHaBa cnnpaHe Ha ^eiiCTBHe b HaKaKbB npouec. CeGeueHrpiPiHOCTTa e cnrypeH 3HaK
3a He3panocT; cjie/rBaHeTO Ha XpHCTOBHa npHMep (bjk. ct. 3; Ohji. 2:1-11) e 3Haic 3a 3penocT OGptmemieTO
othobo e Kbu CHjiHHTe (bjk. 14:1,14,16,21,27). ToBa He 03HanaBa, ne Ha Tax ce p&Ba uajiaTa ottobophoct 3a
H3rpa5KnaHeTO Ha B3aHMOOTHOiHemie. B 14:3, 20, 23; 15:5-6,7 oGptmemieTO e kt>m cnaGnTe.
15:2 „BceKii ot Hac jxa yraacaa Ha Sjihjkhhh ch" „EjnoKeH" TyK ce H3non3Ba b cmhcbji Ha apyr BapBam-
ToBa He 03HaHaBa KOMnpoMHC c jiKHmrre y6e5KAemia, a ^a He HanaraMe CBoeTO MHeHHe hjih npe/rnoHHTamia
B 06jiaCTH, KOHTO He Ca KpaHHH HJIH CHiypHH. HaH-Ba5KHOTO HeilJO e e^HHCTBOTO H paCTe5KbT Ha
Xphctoboto Tajio, a He jiHHHaTa CBoGo^a (bjk. I Kop. 9: 19-23; 10:24-33; Ecbec. 4: 1-16).
3
NASB „3a HeroBO inrpaacjjaHe"
NKJV „KoeTO BOflii flo inrpaacaaHe"
NRSV „c floSpaTa hcji aa ce inrpaan 6jih»chhht"
TEV „3a aa MoaceTe aa ni inrpafliiTe bbb BapaTa"
JB „na iim noMorHeTe jx& CTaHaT no-ciuiHii xpiiCTiiHHii"
ToBa e ocHOBHaTa TeMa Ha rnaBa 14 (bjk. 14:16,19). ToBa e h e/niH ot npH3HaHiiTe Ha /ryxoBmrre Aap6n
ot I KopHHTaHH 10:23; 12:7; 14:26; Ecbecami 4:29.
B to3h KOHTeKCT CTaBa AyMa 3a caMoorpampiaBaHe b jiioGob Ha jnimiaTa CBoGo^a Ha BapBamiia, 3a aa
M05Ke aa noMorHe Ha /rpyniTe xpHCTHami ^a pacTaT bi>b BapaTa. ,0,5k. ®HHMairi>p h P. BpayH npaBaT
HHTepeceH KOMeHTap Ha to3h cthx:
„Ta3H (Jipa3a necTO ce Bi>3npHeMa KaTO ,,/ja ro H3rpa/niM" (GjncKmia), no OTHoniemie Ha jihhhoto
pa3BHTne Ha GjnoKHHa-xpHCTHamiH. Ako oGane HMaMe npeABH/i, ne b CBOHTe nncivia IlaBen necTO
H3non3Ba MeTacbopaTa 3a H3ipa5iyiaHeTO b rpynoB kohtckct, cbpa3aTa 6e3cnopHO h TyK mia
coinrajiHO 3HaHeHHe - 3a bchhkh BapBamn (bjk. I Kop. 14:12; Ecbec. 4:12; Phmji. 14:19)" (Joseph A.
Fitzmyer and Raymond E. Brown, ed., The Jerome Biblical Commentary, vol. 2, CTp. 328).
| Ciieu;hajiho noHHTHE: H3rPA)KflAHE
LlaBeji necTO H3noji3Ba TepMHHa oikodomeo h cJiopMHTe My. EyKBajiHO toh 03HaHaBa ,,ji,a rorpaAa
Kbina" (b>k. MaT 7:24), ho ce H3noji3Ba MeTacJiopiimio 3a:
1. Xphctoboto Tajio, irtpicBaTa, I KopHHTaHH 3:9; Ecbecami 2:21; 4:16;
2. H3rpa5KnaHe:
a. Ha cjiaGnre 6paTa, PnMjiaHH 15:1
b. Ha 6jiH5KHHa, PnMjiaHH 15:2
c. e/niH Ha /rpyr, EiJiecaHH 4:29; I CojryHiiH 5:11
d. Ha CBeTHHTe 3a cjryjKeHHeTO, Ecbecami 4:11
3. Hne ce H3rpa5KaaMe npe3:
a. jiioGob, I KopHHTaHH 8: 1; Ecbecami 4:16
b. orpamrqaBaHe Ha jnpmaTa CBoGo/ia, I KopHHTaHH 10:23-24
c. H36arBaHe Ha cneKyjiauiiaTa, I THMOTeii 1 :4
d. orpamrqaBaHe Ha roBopeHeTO b cjry5K6aTa (neBiin, ynHTejin, npopoiin, roBopemn h
rbjiKyBamH e3HiiH), I KopHHTaHH 14:3-4,12
241
4. bchhko TpaGBa na H3ipa5Kna:
a. aBTopHTeTa Ha IlaBeji, II KopnraHn 10:8; 12:19; 13:10
b. nonpGmi TeKCTOBe b Phmji3hh 14: 19 h I KopnHrami 14:26
15:3 „IIoHe5Ke ii XpiiCTOc" XpncToc e HaimiaT Monen h npnMep. Ta3H HCTHHa ce roaBaBa h b cthx 5;
Ohjihimhh 2:1-11; I Ilerbp 2:21; I HoaH 3: 16.
H „nncaHO e" ToBa e CErAfflEH itachb hh^hkathb, koiito ce H3non3Ba KaTo nnnoM 3a CTapo3aBeTHo
nncamie. LfHTarbT e ot IIcajiM 69:9,7. KaTO naBa npmviepa Ha XpncToc (He yronn Ha Ce6e ch, bjk. Ohji. 2:5-
8), 3aenHO etc CTapo3aBeTHHa niTraT, IlaBeji npennara npaTa Haft-Basram aBTopHTeTa 3a paHHaTa m>pKBa (bjk.
Newman and Nida, A Translator 's Handbook on Paul 's Letter to the Romans, CTp. 271). CeGeoTnaBaHero Ha
XpncTOC, KoraTO Toft noHece rpexa Ha nenna cbst, e Bi>pxoBeH npnMep 3a Hac (bjk. I HoaH 3:16).
15:4 „bciihko, KoeTO e Siijio micaHO OTnpcan, e 6hjio micaHO 3a Hauie noyHeraie" CTapnaT 3aBeT ce
oraaca h no HOB03aBeTHHTe BapBanjH (bjk. Phmji. 4:23-24; 15:4; I Kop. 9:10; 10:6,11). Toft e BannneH h 3a
BapBanjHTe b HOBaTa epa (bjk. II Thm. 2:15; 3:16-17). Me5Kny CTapna h Hobhh 3aBeT HMa npaKa Bpi>3Ka, ho
b cbmoTO BpeMe h CKtcBaHe c Henjo CTapo.
H „npe3 TBtpflocTTa ii yTexaTa Ha niicamiHTa" 3a6ene5KeTe KaK ce oGennnaBaT B enHO HCTHHaTa Ha
Bo5KHeTO Cjiobo h OTroBopi>T Ha BapBanrna npe3 HanHHa Ha 5khbot. BapaTa h npaKTHKaTa ce pa3rne5KnaT
KaTO enHO (bjk. ct. 5). B pe3yjiTaT ce noaBaBa yBepeHOCT b 5KHBOTa, b ci>n6aTa cnen CMipTTa h ce Bicicna
oGenjaHaTa Hane>Kna 3a Xphctoboto 3aBpi>inaHe.
H „aa iiviavic Haaeacfla" ToBa e KOHIOHKTHB B CEEAfflEH AKTHB, koiito Ka3Ba, ne Hane5Knara hh 3aBHcn ot
neftHOCTHTe, onncaHH b cthx 4. B Hobhh 3aBeT „Hane>Kna" necTO ce oraaca no Btopoto npnmecTBne,
KoraTO me ce H3m>nHH cnacemieTO hh (bjk. Phmji. 8:30; I HoaH 3:2). Ha rpi>HKH e3HK TepMHm>T naMa Ta3H
KOHOTanna Ha HecnrypHOCT, KaKTO b CBBpeMeHHHTe e3nnii. Btopoto npnmecTBne e Henjo cnrypHO, He e
acHO caMO Kora me ce cnynn.
naBen necTO H3non3Ba to3h TepMHH no pa3JiHHeH HannH, ho b npaKa Bpi>3Ka. HecTO ce OTHaca no
H3m>jiHeHHeTO Ha BapaTa Ha xpncTiiaHHTe. To M05Ke na ce H3pa3H icaro cnaBa, BeneH 5khbot, BenHO
cnaceHHe, BTopo npnmecTBne h np- H3m>jiHeHHeTO e cnrypHO, MaKap MOMenrbT bt>b BpeMeTO jae b
6i>neineTO h na e HeaceH. HecTO ce CBi>p3Ba c TepMHHHTe „Bapa" h „jik>6ob" (bjk. I Kop. 13:13; I Con. 1:3; II
Con. 2:16). Eto HaKOH ot Te3H TeKCTOBe Ha naBen:
1. Btopoto npHinecTBHe, TajiaTaHH 5:5; Efjiecami 1:18; 4:4; Tht 2:13
2. Hcyc e HamaTa Hane5Kna, I TnMOTeft 1:1
3. ynoBamie b GnaroBecTneTO, KonocaHH 1:23
4. BenHO cnaceHHe, KonocaHH 1:5; I ConyHnn 4:13; 5:8
5. Eo5KnaTa cnaBa, PHMjiaHH 5:2, II KopHHrami 3:12; KonocaHH 1:27
6. yBepeHOCT b cnacemieTO, I ConyHnii 5:8
7. BeneH 5khbot, Tht 1:2; 3:7
8. H3KynjieHHe Ha najiOTO TBopemie, PnMjiaHn 8:20
9. Bapa, PHMjiaHH 8:23-25, 15:4
1 . Eo5KneTO HMe , P hm jiaHH 15:13
1 1 . acejiaHneTO Ha naBeji 3a BapBainnre, II KopnHTaHH 1:7
15:5 „Eor... jxa bh aaae" ToBa e onTATHB B AOPHCT AKTHB, koiito H3pa3aBa 5Kenamie hjih MOJiHTBa.
MojiHTBaTa Ha naBeji b CTHxoBe 5-6 ncica ot Bora nse Heina: (1) xopaTa na GtnaT eniniOMHcneHH (bjk. 12: 16;
II Kop. 13:11; Ohji. 2:2) h (2) na ronnrar enHHonynrao mac b xBajiemie (bjk. ct. 6, 7,9).
H „Bor Ha TBtpflocTTa 11 Ha yTexaTa" ToBa e nonm omicaTejma THTjia Ha Bora (bjk. 15:13; I Kop. 1:3).
Te3n xapaKTepncTHKH CTnraT no BapBamHTe npe3 nncaHneTO (bjk. ct. 4). Bac. CnEIJ,HAJIHO IIOH5ITHE:
HYaC^ATA flA YCTOflBAME kbm 8:25
15:6 „Bor 11 Otch Ha Hauiiia Tocnofl Hcyc XpiiCTOc" ToBa e mnHaTa HOB03aBeTHa Tnraa Ha Bora (bmc. II
Kop. 1:3; Eijiec. 1:3; I neT 1:3). ToBa He e Eor Ha (JinnocoiJiCKaTa HeoGxonnMOCT, a Ha OTKpoBemieTO.
242
3a6ene5KeTe koh ca ABeTe thtjih Ha Bora b MonHTBaTa Ha IlaBeji ot craxoBe 5-6: (1) Bor Ha TB-bp^ocTra h Ha
yTexaTa; h (2) Bor h OTeii Ha HaniHa IocnoA Hcyc Xpncroc. Bjk. CnELJHAJIHO nORSTHE: HAJJEiKflA npn
8:25 hOTEH, npn 1:7.
HHTAT OT EBJITAPCKHJI IIPEBOfl BEPEH — 15:7-13
' 3aTOBa, npneMairre ce efsjm Apyr, Kaiero h XpncTOC hh npne, 3a Eo5KnaTa cnaBa. °Ha3 Ka3BaM, ne
Hncyc Xpncroc CTaHa Cjiyaaneji Ha oGpasamrre 3apa#H Eo5KHaTa HCTHHa, 3a #a yTBtpmi oGemaHHaTa,
Aa/ieHH Ha Ganprre, h 3apami TOBa, HapoflHTe #a npocnaBaT Bora 3a MHjiocrra My, KaKTO e nncaHo:
„3aTOBa me Te xBana Me5K/iy HapoAHre h 3a HivieTO Th me nea." ^ H naK Ka3Ba: „JlHKyBanTe, Hapo/m, c
HeroBHa Hapo/i!" H naK: ..XBaneTe rocno^a, bchhkh Hapomi! J\& To cnaBOCJiOBaT bchhkh Hapo/nil" ^ H
naK Hcaa Ka3Ba: „m,e Gt^e EceeBHaT KopeH; h To3h, kohto me ce H3AHrHe aa Bjraaee Haa Hapo/mre, Ha
Hero me ce HaaaBaT HapoAHre." 13 H HeKa Bor Ha naflgmff&Ta bh H3m>jiHH c BcaKaKBa pa^ocT h mhp bt>b
BapaTa, TaKa ne aa ce npeyMH05KaBa Haae^aTa bh npe3 cnnaTa Ha CBeTHa JJyx.
HHTAT OT AHDIHHCKHJI nPEBOfl NASB — 15:7-13
^Therefore, accept one another, just as Christ also accepted us to the glory of God. ^For I say that
Christ has become a servant to the circumcision on behalf of the truth of God to confirm the promises
given to the fathers, 9 and for the Gentiles to glorify God for His mercy; as it is written, „Therefore I
WILL GIVE PRAISE TO YOU AMONG THE GENTILES, AND I WILL SING TO YOUR NAME." l°Again he says,
„Rejoice, O Gentiles, with His people." ^And again, „Praise the Lord all you Gentiles, And
let all the peoples praise Him." i2 Again Isaiah says, „There shall come the root of Jesse,
And He who arises to rule over the Gentiles, In Him shall the Gentiles hope." i3 Now may
the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace in believing, so that you will abound in hope by the
power of the Holy Spirit
15:7
NASB, TEV „npneiviaHTe ce e/um apyr"
NKJV „ctrjiacHBaHTe ce eaim c apyr"
NRSV „npimeTCTBaHTe ce e/um apyr"
JB „OTHacHi"iTe ce apyacejiioSHO e/um kbm apyr"
ToBa e CEFAHIEH CPE^EH HMnEPATHB. BapBannrre TpaGBa ff,a ce npneMaT HenpecTaHHO eflHH apyr,
noHe5Ke XpncTOC hh e npneji. Ta3n HCTHHa ce cpema hb 14:1. TyK oGane Ta Bi>Be5KZia cepna CTapo3aBeTHH
naca5KH 3a TOBa, KaK Bor npneMa e3HHHHiiHTe (bjk. ct. 9-12). ToBa BepoaTHO OTpa3aBa h Hanpe5KeHHeTO,
KoeTO e ci>mecTByBajio b pHMCKaTa ntpKBa.
XpncTnaHCTBOTO e ceGe-cmaBamn ce BapBaiun, kohto ce npe/iaBaT emm Ha Apyr (bjk. 1:12; 12:5,10,16;
13:8; 14:13,19; 15:5,7,14; 16:16).
e „KaKTO ii XpiiCTOC hh npne" ToBa e CPE^EH AOPHCT HH^HKATHB. TyK e mothbt>t h noflTHKbT 3a
AencTBnaTa Ha BapBamna kt>m /jpyraTe (bjk. 14:3). B rnaBa 14 (J)OKyci>T e Bipxy: (1) Xpncroc Kara
Eocno/iap n Cb^na, CTnxoBe 1-12, n (2) XpncTOC KaTO npnMep 3a ceGe-OT^aBama jhoGob, CTnxoBe 13-23.
XpncTOC hh npne, mie TpaGBa ^a npneMeM ^pyrnTe!
H „3a BoaciiHTa cnasa" Biok KOMeHTapa Bipxy 3:23.
15:8 „XpncTOC CTaHa CnyaaiTeji Ha oSpinamiTe" Hcyc e EosKHero H3m>jiHeHne Ha CTapo3aBeTHHTe
npoponecTBa (bjk. Max 15:24). ToBa M05Ke #a ce OTHaca ro Hanpe5KeHHe b pHMCKaTa nbpKBa Me5Kny
BapBamnTe lo^en n cnaceHHTe esnHHnnn.
NASB „3apaflH BoaciiHTa iiCTima, 3a aa noTBtpflii oSemaniiHTa, aaaeHH Ha SauuiTe"
NKJV „3a BoaciiHTa HCTHHa, 3a noTBtpacflemie Ha oSemaniiHTa, aaaeHii Ha SauuiTe"
NRSV „3apaan BoaciiHTa iiCTima, 3a Moace Bor jxa yTBtpan oSemaHiiHTa kbm naTpnapciiTe"
TEV „3apaflii loaeiiTe, 3a aa ce bh jii, ne Bor e BepeH n me iontjiHii oSemaHiiHTa kbm
TexHiiTe npeflHii"
243
JB „3a n& Moace Bor Bsqmo m inntjimi oSeuiamiHTa, aaaerai Ha naTpnapciiTe"
ToBa ce OTHaca BepoaTHO ao CTapo3aBeTHHTe npoponecTBa kbm Hspami (bjk. 4:16). Mrace ^a CTaBa
pyMa h 3a Eo5KHHTe oGemamui Aa H3Kynn hjijioto HOBenecTBO (bjk. Bht. 3:15, 12:3, H3x. 19:5-6; Hcaa 2:2-4;
56:7; 66:18-24). TainiaTa Ha GjiaroBecTHeTO e b Tcrna, ne Bojkhht nnaH BHHara e 6hji ^a oGcahhh wjieu h
e3iwHHiiHB XpncToc (bjk. Eijiec. 2:11-3:13).
HoB03aBeTHOTO nocnaHHe e H3m>jiHeHHeTO Ha CTapo3aBeTHHTe o6emaHHH, He e Hemo npHHHHnHO hobo.
TojiaMaTa mhchh Ha XpncToc e: (1) aa H3m>jiHH oGemamieTO Ha H3paHji; h (2) #a otboph BpaTaTa npeA
e3HHHHHHTe (b>k. Phmji. 3:29-30; 9:30; 10:11-12,16-20; 11:25,32; 16:25; Eijiec. 2:11-3:21). H3paiui He
yciurea b CBoaTa mhchh %a npHBjiene esHHHHHirre ki>m BapaTa h 3aTOBa Hcyc nocTaBa HanajiOTO Ha emm hob
AyxoBeH H3paHji (bjk. Tan. 6:16), kohto #a H3m>jiHH Ta3H ymreepcajiHa 3ap3na (bjk. Max 28:19-20; HoaH
3:16).
® „yTBBpflIl" B)K. CnEITHAJTHO nOHHTHE KbM 4:16.
15:9-12 ToBa e nope/iima ot CTapo3aBeTHH naca5KH, kohto nejm ^a noKa5Ke, ne esHHHHHirre BHHara ca 6hjih
nacT ot Eo5khh nnaH (bjk. 10:16-20). TeKCTOBeTe ca ot IIcajiM 18:49 hjih II Hape 22:50; BTopo3aKomie
32:43; IIcajiM 117:1; Hcaa 11:1,10. 3a6eneaceTe, ne HMa HirraT ot BceKH pa3^en ot eBpeiicKHJi KaHOH:
3aKOHa, IIpopoHHTe h nHcamuiTa.
15:9 „aa npocnaBHT Bora 3a MiijiocTra My" Eo5KHHTa mhjioct e 6orocjiOBCKHHT kjiioh kt>m
npeAonpeAeneHHeTO Ha pHMjiamrre (bjk. 9:15,16,18,23) h BKjiiOHBaHeTO Ha e3H i iHHHHTe (bjk. 11:30,31,32;
15:9). Eo5KHaTa mhjioct cnaorea h H3paHji. Eo5KHHTa mhjioct cnaorea BapBanjHTe e3iPiHHHH. He CTaBa jiyMa
3a HOBeniKO npe^CTaBaHe (bjk. Phmji. 9 ra.), a 3a mhjiocthbhh h HenpoMeHHM xapaKTep Ha Bora (bjk. H3x.
34:6; HeeM. 9:17; lie. 103:8,4; Hohji 2:13) h 3a oGemamieTO 3a Mecira (bjk. Hcaa 11:1,10).
15:13 „ncKa EorbT Ha HaaeacaaTa" ToBa ca saicjnoHHTejiHHTe xBajieGcTBemi ayMH, c kohto 3aBi>pniBa
jiHTepaTypHaTa nacT, 3anoHHaTa b 14:1. Eto ome e^Ha nyaecHa THTjia Ha Eocnoa - Eofbt Ha Haae^aTa.
15:13 „bh iontjiHii c BCHKaKBa paflOCT h Miip" ToBa e onTATHB B AOPHCT AKTHB, kohto H3pa3aBa
MOJiHTBaTa Ha IlaBeji 3a BapBanjHTe b Phm. 3a6ejie5KeTe ynoTpeGara Ha „BcaKaKBa" (bjk. 5:1-2; 14: 17).
NASB, NKJV, NRSV „c Bapara"
TEV «Hpe3 BauiaTa Bapa b Hero"
JB „bbb BapaTa bh"
ToBa e CEEAfflEH AKTHB HHOHHHTHB. Toil H3pa3aBa yBepeHOCT b hoctojihctboto npe3 BapaTa b
XpncToc h CHjiaTa Ha CBeTira Jlyx, KoeTO boah ao pa/iocT h Mnp. BapaTa b XpncToc He e caMO nbpBHHHa
peaKHHH, a h ottobop npe3 HanHH Ha 5khbot.
h „aa ce npeyMHoacasa HaaeacflaTa bh" ToBa e CErAlUEH AKTHB HH<DHHHTHB Ha perisseud, KoeTO
03HaHaBa ..noBene ot bchhko".
| Ciieu;hajiho noHHTHE: nPEyMHOaCABA (PERISSEVO)
IlaBeji necTO H3noji3Ba TOBa nomiTHe:
1 . HcTHHaTa 3a Bora ce npeyMH05KaBa 3a HeroBa cjiaBa, Phmjihhh 3:7
2. fl,api>T b GjiaroAaTra Ha to3h emm hobck, Hcyc XpncToc, ce npeyMH05KaBa, Phmjiahh
5:15
3. BapBamHTe npeyMH05KaBaT Ha/ie^aTa ch, Phmjishh 15:13
4. BapBanjHTe ne ca oci>5KAaHH ot Bora 3a a/ieHeTO hjih Hea/ieHeTO Ha onpe/ieJieHH
xpaHH, I KopHHTaHH 8:8
5. BapBanjHTe ce npeyMH05KaBaT 3a pacTe5Ka Ha iitpicBaTa, I Kophhtahh 14: 12
6. BapBamHTe npeyMH05KaBaT ^ejiOTO Ha Eocno/ia, I KopHHTaHH 15:58
7. BapBanjHTe cno/iejiaT bi>b bchhko XpncTOBHTe CTpa/iaHHa h HeroBaTa yTexa, II
KopHHTaHH 1:5
244
8. Cny5KeHHeT0 Ha npaBenHOCTra npeyMH05KaBa cnaBaTa, II Kophhtahh 3:9
9. EnaronapHOCTTa Ha BapBamirre npeyMH05KaBa Eo5KHHTa cuaBa, II Kophhtjihh 4:15
10. BapBanjHTe rooGnncTBaT ot panQCT, II Kophhtjihh 8:2
11. BapBamHTe H3o6HjiCTBaT bt>b bchhko (Bapa, cjiobo, no3HaHHe, m>jiHO ycbpane
jho6ob), cbiho h b napa 3a HbpKBaTa b EpycanHM, II Kophhtjihh 8:7
12. Enaronarra npeH3o6HjiCTBa 3a BapBamirre, II Kophhtjihh 9:8
13. BapBamHTe HenpecTaHHO GnaronapaT Ha Bora, II Kophhtjihh 9: 12
14. BoraTCTBaTa Ha Eo5KHHTa Gnaronar ce ronHBaT Btpxy BapBamirre, Ecjiecami 1:8
15. JIioGoBTa HaBapBamHTe me npeH3o6HjiCTBa Bee noBene h noBene, OnuHnaHH 1:9
16. YBepeHOCTTa Ha BapBamirre b Xphctoc H3o6HjiCTBa npe3 IlaBeji, OnuHnaHH 1:26
17. HMaMe rooGnnne, OnuHnaHH 4:12,18
18. BapBanjHTe ca H3m>nHeHH c GnaronapHOCT, Konocami 2:7
19. JIioGoBTa Me5iyiy BapBamirre pacTe HenpecTaHHO, I ConyHini 3:12
20. IIpeycnaBaHe b GoroyroneH 5khbot, I ConyHUH 4:1
21. H3o6HjiHe Ha jiioGob kt>m BapBamirre, I ConyHHH 4:10
IlaBeji BiDKna, ne Gnaronarra Ha Bora b Xphctoc e „noBeHe ot bchhko npyro'- TaxaBa e
HyayjaTa Ha BapBamirre na xoaat BceKH neH b Ta3H Gnaronar h jtk>6ob !
H „npe3 ciuiara Ha Cecum flyx" CBeTHHT JJyx e aieraBHaTa jihhhoct ot TponiiaTa npe3 Ta3H epa. Hnmo
ueHHO h c BenHa ctohhoct He ce cnyHBa 6e3 Hero (bjk. 15:19; I Kop. 2:4; I Con. 1:5). Bjk. CnEU,HAJIHO
noHilTHE k-bm 8:9 h 8:11.
BMPOCH 3A OBCtaCflAHE
To3h KOMeHTap e caMO p'skobojctbo 3a H3yHaBaHe. ToBa 03HaHaBa, ne Bne caMH HOCHTe OTroBopHOCT 3a
HanHHa, no kohto TbjiKyBaTe BnGjinaTa. BceKH ot Hac TpaGBa na xonn b CBeTjiHHaTa, KoaTO My e naneHa.
IIpnopHTeT npn HHTepnpeTaiiHaTa CTe caMHHT BHe, BaniaTa BnGjina h Cb6thht JJyx. He 6nBa na
npexBipjiaTe Ta3H OTroBopHOCT Ha kohto H^ae KOMeHTarop.
HacToaniHTe Binpocn 3a o6eb5KnaHe nenaT na bh nonnoMoraaT na o6mhcjiht6 ocHOBHHTe TeMH b to3h
pa3nen Ha nocnaHHem Uenra hm e na npeniOBHKaT mhcjih, a He na nanaT KpaiiHH OTroBopn.
1. Koa e ocHOBHaTa HCTHHaB Phmjihhh 14:1-15:13?
2. 3amo naBen nirrapa CTapo3aBeTHHTe naca5KH b 9-12 ex? KaKBa e BenHKara HCTHHa, kohto HaynaBaMe
ot Tax?
HABJIIOflEHHfl BBPXY KOHTEKCTA HA CTHXOBE 14-33
A. B MHoro OTHomeHHa KpaaT Ha TOBa nncMO npHjiHHa Ha HananoTO My, 1:8-15
1 . xBanH Bapara Ha xopaTa (bjk. 1:8)
2. 3amHTaBa HneaTa Ha naBen na pa3npocTpaHHBa GnaroBecTHero cpen e3HHHHHHTe (bjk. 1:13, 14)
3. yTBi>p5KnaBa 5KenaHHeTO Ha naBen na noceTH Phm (bjk. 1:10,13)
4. H3pa3aBa 5KenaHHeTO Ha naBen na nonynn noMom ot HbpKBaTa b Phm 3a nocTHraHeTO Ha hobh
pernoHH c GnaroBecTHeTO (HcnamiH, B5K. 1:13)
B. Othobo ycemaMe Hanpe5KeHHeTO b pHMCKaTa HbpKBa Me5Kny BapBamirre lonen h xpHCTHHHHTe-
e3iPiHHHH. 3a TOBa ce HaMeKBa Ha mnconKO MecTa b ithcmoto, ho ocoGeHO acHO ce Biracna b 9-11 rn.,
14:1-15:13.
C. Ycema ce cbiho h Hanpe5KeHHeTO b paHHaTa HbpKBa othocho anocToncKaTa no3HHHH Ha naBen. Toft
3bho ce 3amHTaBaB CTHxoBe 15-19; 1:2,5.
D. Ta3H nHTepaTypHa enHHHua ctntp^a nse ochobhh tcmh:
1. AnocToncKOTO cny5KeHHe Ha naBen, HaconeHO ki>m pa3npocTpaHeHHeTO Ha GnaroBecTHeTO cpen
245
e3HHHHHHTe (B5K. ct. 14-21)
2. IIjiaHOBeTe Ha IlaBeji 3a m>TyBaHHH 3a ocbmecTBaBaHe, KaTO m>THinara My MHHaBaT npe3 Phm
(b5k. ct. 22-33)
H3CJIEflBAHE HA flYMH H OPA3H
HHTAT OT EBJirAPCKHfl nPEBOfl BEPEH — 15:14-21
14 H a3 caMHHT ct>m yBepeH 3a Bac, Gpara moh, ne caMH Bne CTe m>nHH c GnarocT, H3m>jiHeHH c bcjiko
no3HaHne h ne M05KeTe na ce HacTaBjureaTe en™ npyr. ^ Ho bh nncax no-np"b3KO, 3a na bh HanoMHa
nopa^H naneHaTa mh ot Bora GnaronflT 1° ^ a 5^3 cnyjKHTen Ha Hncyc Xphctoc Me5Kny e3HHHHUHTe, KaTO
CBemeHOCjry5Ka b Eo5KHeTO GnaroBecrae, 3a na Ginar esHHHHnirre GnaronpiuiTeH npHHOC, ocBeTeH ot
CBeTHH JJyx. 1 ' H TaKa, kojikoto 3a TOBa, KoeTO ce oraaca no Bora, a3 HMaM 3a Karao na ce noxBana b
Xphctoc Hncyc. 1° 3amoTO He 6hx ce ocMenHji na roBopa 3a Hemo, ocBeH OHOBa, KoeTO XpncTOC e
19
H3Bi>pinHji npe3 MeH, 3a na npHBene esHHHHUHTe b noKopHOCT - npe3 cjiobo h neno, Ly etc cnnaTa Ha
3HaMeHHa h nyneca, etc cnnaTa Ha Eojkhh flyx, TaKa ne ot EpycanHM h okojio Hero, naK no Hnnprnc, a3
H3uajio cbm nponoBanBan GnaroBecTHero Ha Xphctoc. ^ Ho HMax 3a nen na nponoBanBaM GnaroBecTHeTO
He TaM, KhffgTO Bene Genie H3BecTHO Hmcto Ha Xphctoc, 3a na He 6h na rpana Ha Hy5Kna ocHOBa; *■*■ a icaKTO
e nncaHo: „OHe3H me BHnaT, Ha kohto He ce e Bi>3BecTHjio 3a Hero, h OHe3H me pa36epaT, kohto He ca
nyjiH."
HHTAT OT AHDIHHCKHJI IIPEBOfl NASB — 15:14-21
l^And concerning you, my brethren, I myself also am convinced that you yourselves are full of
goodness, filled with all knowledge and able also to admonish one another. l^But I have written very
boldly to you on some points so as to remind you again, because of the grace that was given me from
God, Ifyo be a minister of Christ Jesus to the Gentiles, ministering as a priest of the gospel of God, so
that my offering of the Gentiles may become acceptable, sanctified by the Holy Spirit. ^Therefore in
Christ Jesus I have found reason for boasting in things pertaining to God. l%or I will not presume to
speak of anything except what Christ has accomplished through me, resulting in the obedience of the
Gentiles by word and deed, l^in the power of signs and wonders, in the power of the Spirit; so that
from Jerusalem and round about as far as Illyricum I have fully preached the gospel of Christ. 20 And
thus I aspired to preach the gospel, not where Christ was already named, so that I would not build on
another man's foundation; 2i but as it is written, „They who had no news of Him shall see, And
THEY WHO HAVE NOT HEARD SHALL UNDERSTAND."
15:14
NASB „3a Bac, Spara moh, a3 cbiuo cbm ySeaeH"
NKJV „cera ii a3 caMiiHT cbm yBepeH 3a Bac, Spara moh"
NRSV „caMiiHT aj ce nyBCTBavi ysepeH 3a Bac, moh Spara n cecTpn"
TEV „npiiHTejni moh: a3 cavniHT ce nyBCTBavi curypeH, ne Biie"
JB „He ne iiMavi iiiikaM.ii cbmhchhh 3a Bac, Spara moh, HanpoTim, cbbccm ysepeH cbm 3a
Bac"
„A3" (auto ego) e c ynapemie b ip-butcim TeiccT. naBen HancTHHa no3npaBaBa Ta3H ntpKBa („yBepeH",
nEPOEKT IIACHB HHflHKATHB).
B cthx 14 naBen 3aaBaBa Tpn Hema 3a BapBannrre b Phm: (1) ne Te ca itbjihh c GnarocT (CErAIIIEH
AKTHB HH^HKATHB); (2) He Te ca H3n-bJlHeHH C bchko n03HaHHe (nEPOEKTHO HACHBHO nPHHACTHE); H (3)
ne Te MoraT na ce HacTaBjiaBaT enHH npyr (CErAUlHO nACHBHO nPHHACTHE). To3h cthx ica3Ba, ne naBen He
hoch hobo nocjiamie, a oGacHjrea h roacHHBa GnaraTa BecT, kohto Bene ca npnejiH (bjk. ct. 15).
H „caMii sue CTe hbjihii c QjiarocT, mirbjiHemi..." KaKTO „a3 caMHHT" e c eMiJtaTHHHO ynapemie b m>pBaTa
(J)pa3a, TaKa e TyK h etc „caMH BHe". JlyMaTa „ni>jiHH" (mestos) 03HaHaBa „H3ni>jiHeHH etc" hjih
„HaTi>nKaHH". naBen H3non3Ba to3h TepMHH caMO npa ni>TH - b PnMnaHH 1:29 h 15:14.
flyMaTa „H3ni>nHeH" (pleroo) e nPHHACTHE B IIEPOEKT IIACHB. naBen ro H3non3Ba necTO b PnMnaHH
246
(b>k. 1:29; 8:4; 13:8; 15:13,14,19). Ton H3non3Ba b Phmjihhh necra h CIHJECTBHTEJTHOTO pleroma (b>k.
11:12,25; 13:10; 15:29), ho miKbjig b TeKCTOBeTe ch He ynoTpeGaBa nPHJIAEATEJIHOTO.
IlaBeji acenae GnaroBecTHeTO ^a H3m>jTHH BapBamHTe b jiioGob h %a ra noATHKHe kt>m cny5KeHHe.
BapBaiinxre HMaT bchhko HeoGxo/niMO b XpncTOC. Te TpaGBa ^a pa36epaT h npneMaT Ta3H yBepeHOCT.
H „ni>jimi c SjiarocT, iBntjiHemi c bchko no3Hamie" Mojkcm j\a xbjncyBaMe Te3H ayMH no ma HanHHa: (1)
icaro KOHTeKCTyajiHO OTHeceHH kt>m npeAxo/niaTa jiHTepaTypHa eAHmma b 14:1-15:13 - nioGoBTa Ha
BapBamHTe e^HH kt>m #pyx BMipeKH pa3JTH x nMTa Memjiy Tax b no/ioGeH pernoH. ToBa mojkcm ji?l bh^hm ot
o6maTa ynoTpeGa Ha TepMHHa „6jiarocT" b 14:16; 15:2 h TyK. Btopoto xbjncyBaHe Ha jsymwrQ e (2) KaTO
OTHeceHH kt>m TeMaTa 3a BapaTa h ^enaTa.
15:15 „micax bii no-flpi>3Ko" IlaBeji nnnie nncMOTO ch ro pHMjiamiTe ot Kophht. E^Ha rpyna b Ta3H
iltpKBa ro oGBHHjma, ne e mhoto CMen b nncMaTa ch, ho e cna6 KaTO npncbCTBHe. Ta3H TJIAroJIHA OOPMA
Ha AyMaTa „CMeji" ce cpema h bib II Kophhtshh 10:2,12; 11:21. CMejiocrra Ha IlaBeji H/iBa ot
o6pi>meHHeTO My, npn3BaHHeTO h no3HaBaHeTO Ha GnaroBecTHem
® „nopaflii fla^eiiara mii ot Bora SjiaroaaT" IlaBeji roBopn 3a Eo5KHHTa Gjiaro^aT (bjk. 1:5; 12:3; I Kop.
3:10; 15:10; Tan. 2:9; Eijiec. 3:7-8), kojito ro e nprooBana, cnacnjia, Ha/iapHjia h H3npaTHjia npn e3HHHHHHTe
(bjk. 11:13; 15:16). IIo to3h HanHH toh ycTaHOBjrea cboji aBTopHTeT h anocTOJiCKO npn3BaHHe (bjk. 1:1,5).
15:16 „cjiyaaiTeji... CBemeiiocjiyaca... npimoc... ocbctch" CTHxoBe 16 h 17 CT>AT>p5Kar hhkojiko
CBemeHHnecKH TepMHHa h (J)pa3H. „Cjry>KHTeji" ce H3noji3Ba 3a CBemeHHHecicoTO cnyjiceHHe b cthx 27. B
EBpen 8:2 ce H3non3Ba 3a Xphctoboto cnyjiceHHe. IlaBeji ce Bumjia KaTO CBemeHHK (bjk. Ohji. 2:17),
npHHacam e3HHHHHHTe npeA Bora, Koero e 3aAana Ha H3panji (bjk. H3x. 19:5-6; Hcaa 66:20). UtpicBaTa
cbiho nonynaBa GnaroBecTHTencKa 3ap3na (bjk. Max 28:18-20; Jlyica 24:47). UtpicBaTa ce HapHHa etc
CTapo3aBeTHH CBemeHHHecKH TepMHHH b I IleTtp 2:5,9 h Otkp. 1:6.
® „0CBeTeH ot Cbctiih flyx" ToBa e nPHHACTHE B nEPOEKT nACHB, ct>c 3HaneHHe: „6hjih ca h me d-bjiar
ocBeTeHH ot CBeTHa fl,yx". ToBa othobo Bepoarao ce oraaca ao Hanpe5KeHHeTO Me>iyiy lo^eHTe h
e3HHHHL(HTe xpHCTHaHH b pHMCKaTa HbpKBa. IlaBeji acHO 3aaBaBa, ne Hapo^HTe (e3HHHHL(HTe) ca 6hjih h me
6i>AaT HamjiHO npneTH h ocBeTeHH ot CBeTHa JJyx (bjk. I Kop. 6:11).
15:17-19 3a6ene5KeTe e/niHOAyiHHOTO AeiiCTBHe Ha TpneAHHHHa Bor: #o Bora (b>k. ct. 17); b Xphctoc (bjk.
ct. 17) h etc CHjiaTa Ha flyxa (b>k. ct. 19). BnacTe ct>iho Tpnre JIhhhocth b 30 cthx. TepMHm>T „TpoHua" He
ce cpema b EnGnHJiTa, ho KOHuenuHHTa e H3uajio GnGneHCica (bjk. MaT 3:16-17; 28:19; J\esm. 2:33-34;
Phmji. 8:9-10; I Kop. 12:4-6; II Kop. 1:21; 13:14; Eijiec. 1:3-14; 4:4-6; Tht 3:4-6; I Ilex 1:2). B>k.
CnELpAHHO noiMTHE: TPOHIJATA kt>m 8:11.
15:18-19 IlaBeji widpoasa HanHHH Ha cnyjiceHHe cpe# esmmnxHTe: (1) npe3 cjiobo; (2) npe3 acto; (3) etc
3HaMeHHa; (4) c ny/ieca h (5) etc cnnaTa Ha CBeTHH fl,yx.
E^Ha 6ene5KEca 3a BapnaHT Ha (5), „fl,yxi>T", ot piKonHCHTe: hhkoh rpiuKH TeKCTOBe Ao6aB3T ..Ceemux
fl,yx", hhkoh npe^JiaraT .Bomcur flyx". KaKTO h b apyra hoaoGhh BapnanHH, Ta3H /joGaBKa huh
HeB/rbXHOBeHO noacHeHHe, He npoMeHa HCTHHaTa Ha naca5Ka. 06hkhob6ho TOBa e onHT ^a ce
CTaH/iapTH3HpaT (J>pa3HTe b Hobhs 3aBeT ot no-KtCHH npenncBaHH.
15:18 „3d da npueede e3HHHiiuiiTe b noKopHOCT" Bo5KHaTa uen BHHarn e Gnna ^a H3rpa5K£a xopa, kohto
Aa OTpa3aBaT xapaicrepa My. BnaroBecTHeTO Ha Hcyc BT>3CTaHOBaBa o6pa3a Ha Bora, H3ry6eH npn
na/ieHHeTO b Bhthc rnaBa 3. Bjih3koto oGmeHHe c Bora ce npoaBasa b GnaronecTHB xapaKTep. LJejiTa Ha
xpncTHaHCTBOTO e oGiiieHHe c Bora h xpHCTonoAoGne cera!
H „Hpej cjiobo ii flejio" ToBa ce OTHaca ao cny5KeHHeTO Ha IlaBeji, a He ao noKopcTBOTO Ha BapBamnTe b
Phm. B cthx 19 oneBH/iHO HMa Bpi>3Ka etc cnnaTa Ha flyxa.
15:19 „cbc ciuiaTa Ha 3HaMeHira ii Hyaeca" Te3H ^Ba TepMHHa ce cpemaT 3aeAHO mho5K6ctbo ni>TH b
Jlesmwi (bjk. 14:8-10; 16:16-18, 25-26; 20:9-12; 28:8-9), icaro onncBaT Eo5KHjrra enna b ^eHCTBHe npe3
GnaroBecTHeTO (bjk. II Kop. 12:12). .Hbho Te ca chhohhmh. He e acHO AanH CTaBa jxyMa tohho 3a ny^eca,
247
hjih 3a oGpimeHHe. Bi>3mo5kho e Tyic othobo #a HaMeKBa 3a HanpejKemieTO okojio anocToncKOTO nproBamie
Ha IlaBeji. KaKTO Bor noTBi>p5iyiaBa acjioto Ha ABaHaiiceTTe anocTOJin b EpycajiHM, Taica no-ici>CHO
yTBi>p5KnaBa h ^enoTO Ha IlaBeji cpeA esHHrnmirre npe3 MH05KecTBO bh^hmh 3HaMeHHH.
h „aj iuhhjio cbm nponoBHflBaji QjiaroBecTiieTO Ha XpiicTOc" ToBa e nEPOEKT AKTHB HHOHHHTHB Ha
pleroo (b5k. ct. 14). IlaBen e yGe/ieH, ne e npHKjnoHHji ^eJiOTO ch b h3tohhoto Cpe/pBeMHOMopHe (bjk. ct.
23).
H „naK flo HjiiipiiK" Ta3H pHMCica iipobhhhhji e H3BecTHa h KaTO ^ajiManiia h ce HaMnpa Ha H3TOHHaTa
nacT Ha AapnaTHHecKO Mope, Ha ceBepo3anaA ot rpi>HKHJi nonyocTpoB (MaKe^OHHa). Hmct/ie b J\Qsmwi He
cpemaMe IlaBeji ^a e nponoBa/iBaji TaM, ho ce onncBa HeroBO nocemeHne b peraoHa (bjk. 20:1-2). ,Haic Ao"
M05Ke aa 03HaHaBa ,,no rpammiTTe Ha" hjih ,,b oGnacTTa Ha".
15:20 „iiMax 3a ueji jx& nponoBH/maM SjiaroBecTiieTO He TaM, kbjjcto eene Seine meecntHo hmcto Ha
XpiiCToe" ToBa e ocHOBHaTa MHCHOHepcKa CTpaTerna Ha IlaBeji (bjk. I Kop. 3:10; II Kop. 10:15-16). Toft
HCKa aa AOCTHrHe esHHHHinrre, kohto HHKora He ca HMajm inaHca ^a nyjrr h ^a npneMaT GjiaroBecTHem
OGnKHOBeHO H36Hpa roneMH rpa^OBe etc CTpaTenpiecKO MecTonojiosKemie b PHMCKaTa HMnepna, 3a #a
MoraT ocHOBaHHTe hi>pkbh TaM r& GnaroBecTBaT h H3rpa5K/iaT yneHH b nejiHJi ch peraoH.
15:21 ToBa e inrraT ot CemyarHHra (LXX) Ha Hcaa 52:15, Kt/ieTO ce roBopn KaK esHHrnmirre me nyaT 3a
Bora. 3a IlaBen TOBa npoponecTBO ce npeBpima b MHCHOHepcKa CTparerHJi.
IJHTAT OT EtJITAPCKHfl IIPEBOfl B£P£i7 — 15:22-29
*■*■ ToBa Me e Bi>3nHpajio mhoto m>TH j\a Aoiwa npn Bac. -" Ho cera, KaTO HHMaM Bene mjicto 3a MoeTO
paGoTeHe b Te3H oGjiacra, h noHe5Ke ot mhoto toahhh KonHea j\a AOH/ia npn Bac, " Ha OTHBaHeTO ch b
HcnamiH me floima; 3amoTO ce Ha/y^aM #a bh bhah, KaTO MHHaBaM, h Bne aa Me ronparaTe 3a TaM, cne/i
KaTO ce HacnaAH ppiuiKbjig Ha oGmyBaHero c Bac. 25 A cera OTireaM b EpycajiHM, 3a aa nocjry>Ka Ha
CBeTHHTe. ^" 3amoTO ot MaiceAOHHJi h Axaa GjiaroBOjmxa ^a jiafldT H3BecTHa noMom 3a 6eAHHTe Me5Kny
CBeTHHTe b EpycajiHM. ^ ' BjiaroBOJinxa HancTHHa, ho ca hm h ajtc>>khhhh, 3amoTO, aKO e3HHHHHHTe CTaHaxa
ynacTHHHH 3aeAHO c tax b ^yxoBHHTe Hema, ajii>>khh ca j\a hm nocjry5KaT h b TejiecHHTe. ^° H Taica, KaTO
CBipina TOBa h KaTO hm sanenaTaM to3h njiOA, nje MHHa npe3 Bac 3a HcnamDi. ™ H 3Haa, ne KoraTO Aoiwa
npn Bac, me AOH^a c h3o6hjiho GjiarocjiOBemie ot (GjiaroBecTHeTO Ha) Xphctoc.
IJHTAT OT AHTJIHHCKHfl HVEBORNASB — 15:22-29
22For this reason I have often been prevented from coming to you; ^but now? w ith no further
place for me in these regions, and since I have had for many years a longing to come to you
24 w henever I go to Spain — for I hope to see you in passing, and to be helped on my way there by you,
when I have first enjoyed your company for a while — ^^but now, I am going to Jerusalem serving the
saints. 2%or Macedonia and Achaia have been pleased to make a contribution for the poor among the
saints in Jerusalem. 27yes, they were pleased to do so, and they are indebted to them. For if the
Gentiles have shared in their spiritual things, they are indebted to minister to them also in material
things. ^Therefore, when I have finished this, and have put my seal on this fruit of theirs, I will go on
by way of you to Spain. 29j know that when I come to you, I will come in the fullness of the blessing of
Christ.
15:22 „no Tani npiiHima" Ta3H npHHHHa ce oGacroiBa b cthx 20.
e „MHoro ntTii cbm 6iui BtjmipaH" ToBa e HMFIEPOEKT nACHB HH^HKATHB. Toft e 6hji cnnpaH othobo h
othobo (bjk. 1:13). He ce Ka3Ba koh ro e cnnpaji. Mo5Ke ^a e 6hji Bor, CaraHa, HenecTHBH xopa hjih ppyrn
bi>3mo5khocth 3a GjiaroBecTBaHe.
J\& He 3a6paB3Me, ne naBeji HanncBa nocjiaHHeTO ao pHMjiamrre ot Kophht. TaM HeroBHTe iipothbhhhh
ro aTaicyBaT, ne He yciurea a& H3ni>jiHH njiaHOBeTe 3a m>iyBaHHJiTa ch. naBeji 6e3cnopHO e a<J)eierapaH ot
Te3H Hana^KH b HbpKBaTa b Kophht. 3aTOBa cnoMeHaBa, ne njiaHOBeTe My GnBaT ocyeTaBaHH othobo h
248
OTHOBO.
15:23 „HHMaM Bene mhcto 3a Moemo padomene b Te3ii oSjiacTii" To3h cthx imopH 3a pernoHa Ha Majia
A3hh hjih h3tohhoto CpemoeMHOMopHe. IlaBeji He e nponoBanpaji Ha bchhkh h HaBcaKbne b Ta3H oGjiacT, a
caMO Ha onpeaeneHH MecTa.
H „n noHeace ot mhoto rofliimi KoimeH jx& jxoiijxa npii sac" IlaBeji necTO H3pa3aBa jKejiamie na noceTH
Phm(b>k. 1:10-15; flera. 19:21; 23:11).
TyK HMa emia pa3JiHica b rp-bniarre piKonHCH, koxto He e onncaHa b KpHTHnmrre 6ejie5KKH Ha UBS .
flpeBmrre rp-biiKH pi>KonHCH MSS p4°, x, A, D, F, G & L nocoHBaT nyMaTa „MHoro" (polus), kohto ce
H3noji3Ba h b 22 cthx, ho MSS B, C & P npe^JiaraT „hhkojiko" (ikanos). BepoaTHO npenncBaHHTe b emiH
MOMeHT ca ce npHTecHHjiH ot npeyBejiKHemieTO Ha IlaBeji.
15:24 „KoraTO oraaa b HcnamiH" IlaBeji ncxa na noceTH 3anamiaTa nacT Ha PnMCKaTa HMnepna (b>k. II
Kop. 10:16). B Kpaa Ha J\Qsnmsi toh e ocBoGoneH ot phmckhh 3aTBop h Tp-braa Ha CBoeTO neTBipTO
MHCHOHepcKO m>iyBaHe. IlacTopajiHHTe nncivia (I Thm., II Thm. h Tht) ca HanncaHH no BpeMe Ha TOBa
neTBipTO niTeniecTBHe. Bi>b II THMOTeii 4:10 BepoaTHO CTaBa jsyma tohho 3a TOBa, noHe5Ke hhkoh rp-bUKH
VHiiHanHH piKonHCH KaTO S, C h naTHHCKara BynraTa h KonTCKHTe npeBonn neTar ..TajiHa". KjiHMeHT
Phmckh, kohto mime b nocjiemiHTe romiHH Ha m>pBH BeK, b CBoeTO ..IIhcmo no KopiorDiHHTe" 5:7, ci>iho
nocoHBa, ne IlaBeji e m>TyBaji „no rpammHTe Ha 3anana".
e „aa mii noMorHeTe no iibth HaTaM" Ta3H (Jipa3a ce npeBpima b TexmpiecKH h^hom b m>pKBaTa 3a
nomiOMaraHe Ha m>TyBamH nponoBenHHUH (bjk. J\ean. 15:3; I Kop. 16:6, 11; II Kop. 1:16; Tht 3:13; III
HoaH 6 ct). Phm He yciurea na nonnoMorHe nbpKBaTa b EpycanHM, ho Moace na nane (JtHHaHCOBa noMom Ha
IlaBen 3a m>TyBaHHHTa My Ha 3anan,
15:25 „aa nocnyaca Ha CBcniiiTe" To3h TepMHH necTO ce ronojma npn HaGnpaHe Ha cpencTBa (bjk. ct. 31;
I Kop. 16:15; II Kop. 8:4; 9:1). B>k. CriEIJHAJIHOnOHflTHE: CBETHH kim 1:7.
15:26 „noMom 3a Seflmrre Meac^y CBeTiniTe b EpycaniiM" IlaBeji ciGnpa Te3H no5KepTBOBaHHa (Bjk.
CnEU,HAJIHO nOHilTHE: KOINONIA kim 12:13) Bene hxkojiko toahhh ot: (1) TanaTHa h Mana A3hh (bjk. I
Kop. 16:1-4) h (2) MaKenpHHH h Axaa (bjk. II Kop. rji. 8-9). HneaTa toh B3eMa ot nbpKBaTa b Ahthoxhh
(bjk. J\esm. 11:30; 12:25). LJejiTa e na ce oGeniTHJiT ppere Kpnjia b pamiaTa nbpKBa - roneHTe h e3HHHHnirre.
3a e3HnecKHTe ui>pkbh ce Ka3Ba, ne ca naBajin „c panocT" (bsk. ct. 26 h 27). Bm. CnEITHAJIHO ITOHilTHE no-
no jry.
| CnEIjHAJIHO nOHflTHE: XPHCTHflHHHBT H DIAflHHTE XOPA
BtBefleHiie
A. DiantT e HenpecTaHHO HanoMHJiHe 3a nanHanoTO b rpax cbCToamie Ha HOBenecTBOTO h
TBOpeHHeTO.
B. DiaatT e enHH ot acneKTHTe Ha npoGneMa 3a 3jioto h CTpanamieTO. Toft ce CBi>p3Ba niipeKrao
c HOBeKa, He c Bora. MaKap Bor na H3noji3Ba GnarocjiOBeHHa hjih iipokjdithji b 3eMeneJiCKaTa
peKOJiTa KaTO HannH na Bi>3HarpanH hjih HaKa5Ke Cbox 3aBeTeH Hapon (BTop. 27-28), TOBa He
M05Ke na ce Ka5Ke 3a HeBapBamiiTe KaTO muio (MaT 5:45). TjiantT e nope^HHaT npnMep 3a
ajiHHOCTTa Ha eroncTKHHOTO h MaTepnajiHCTHHHO HOBenecTBO. npo6jieMi>T 3a raana He e
Binpoc Ha jinnca Ha xpaHa, a Ha mothbh h npnopnTeTH Ha xopaTa.
C. DiantT e bi>3mo5khoct H3KyneHHTe xopa na oipa3aT Bo5KHHTa jiioGob. PeaKinuiTa Ha
BapBamHTe Ha (J)H3H x iecKHTe Hy5KHH b iitpicBaTa h b CBeTa noica3BaT bcbiiihoct koh CMe h
KaKBH CMe.
EiiSjiettcKii TeKCTOBe
A. CTapiMT 3aBeT
1 . MoiiceH
a. e^HO ot TpHTe npenBHneHH napeHna b apeBeH H3panji ce OTnejia 3a Ge^HHTe
249
(B-rop. 14:28-29);
b. 3aKDHi>T ocnrypaBa cnemiajiHH npaBa Ha GenmiTe 3a nocrbn ^o xpaHa (H3x.
23:11; JIcb. 19:10; 23:22; Brop. 24:19-22);
c. 3aKOHi>T naBa cnenHajiHHTe h He TonKDBa CKBmrre 5KepTBH Ha GenHHTe (JleB.
14:21);
d. H3panji TpaGBa na noKa3Ba cbCTpaflamie h OTBopeHO cbpne kt>m GenmiTe h
Hy^aenprre ce (BTop. 15:7-11, B5K. Hob 29:16; 30:25; 31:16-23)
2. JlHTepaTypa Ha M-bnpocTra
a. CneiiHajiHH GjiarocjiOBemia ca oGemami Ha OHe3H, kohto noMaraT Ha Genmrre
(nc. 41:1)
b. IIoMaraHeTO Ha GenmrTe e noMom Ha Bora (lip. 14:31; 17:5; 19:17)
3. IIpopoHHTe
a. Bor HCKa na My ce noKnaiwMe npe3 couHajma npaBn,a h rpicKa 3a Hy5Kn,aemHTe
ce (Hcaa 58:6-7; Mhx. 6:8)
b. Eahh ot 3HanHTe Ha Bo5KHeTO nocnaHHe e nporjiacaBaHeTO Ha Genffirre h
Hy5iyiaemHTe ce (Hcaa 61:1-2)
c. Bo5KHHTe npopoini npoTecTHpaT npoTHB couHajiHaTa eKcnjioaranHa (Am. 2:6-8;
5:10-13; Mnxeii)
B. Hobhht 3aBeT
1 . EBaHrejiHaTa
a. HacbpnaBa ce noMaraHeTO Ha Geflmrre (MapK 10:21; JlyKa 3:11)
b. OcT>5KAeHHeTO ce ocHOBaBa Ha moGoBTa, noKa3aHa kt>m npyrHTe b HMeTO Ha
Hcyc. Bcbihhoct noMomra 3a npyrHTe e noMom 3a Hcyc (Max 25:31-46)
c. MapK 14:7 necro e pa36npaH Ham>jiHO norpenmo ot xopa, kohto TBtp/iaT, ne
Hcyc He e 6hji 3arpioKeH 3a Genmrre. To3h cthx wiasasa HeroBaTa yHHKanHOCT, a He
nejiH na noTHCHe Genmrre.
d. Hcaa 61:1-2 Ka3Ba, ne coHHajmo OHenpaBnafflrre h OTXBT>pjieHHTe me nojrynaT
Eo5KHjrra BecT Ha cnaceHne (JlyKa 4:18; 7:22; 14:21).
2. naBen
a. naBen HaynaBa ot Ahthoxhh b Cnpna HneaTa 3a cnenHajiHO napemie c jiioGob Ha
Ge^HHTe b epycajiHMCKaTa m>pKBa (Phmji. 15:26; I Kop. 16:1; II Kop. 8:4,6,19; Tan.
ra. 2).
b. naBen noanepTaBa GjiaronaTra, BapaTa h nenaTa (E<})ec. 2:8-10).
3. .Hkob (HOB03aBeTHaTa JlHTepaTypa Ha M-bnpocTra)
a. BapaTa b Bora npe3 Xphctoc, 6e3 rpiraca 3a Genmrre, He e HCTHHCKa (.Hk. 2:14-
17).
b. Toft Ka3Ba nopn, ne Bapa 6e3 nejia e MipTBa!
4. HoaH
a. I HoaH noanepTaBa, ne xpHCTHaHCKara cnrypHOCT ce ocHOBaBa Ha npoMeHeH
5khbot Ha Bapa h cjry5KeHHe (I HoaH 3:17-18).
III. 3aKjiioHeHiie
A. HoBeniKOTO HemacTHe h wyama ca CBi>p3aHH c rpexa Ha HOBeKa. HMa HaKOJiKO acneKTa Ha
rjiana:
1. raynaBO noBeneHne (np. 19:15)
2. HaKa3amie ot Bora (BTop. 27-28)
3. OTHacam ce no nyxoBHO cjryjKemie (II Kop. 11:27)
4. KyjnypHH oGcToaTeiiCTBa (ajriHOCT).
5. MaTepnajiHH oGcToaTeiiCTBa (npnponHH GencTBHa h np.).
B. Bor HancTHHa ce rpH5KH 3a xopaTa. Toft o6ma xopaTa b wyama no cnenHajieH HanHH!
C. LJipKBaTa b neiiCTBHe e Eo5KHaT OTroBop Ha HOBenncaTa Hy5Kna (<j)H3HHecKa h nyxoBHa)
1 . flHpeKTHO, JIHHHO neHCTBHe
2. m>pKOBHH nejia
3. nojiHTHHecKH opraHH3aiiHH 3a npoMaHa
D. Hne TpaGBa KpHTHnecKH na npeneHaBaMe KyjnypHHTe h jiHHHHTe ch npHopHTera b
CBeTjiHHaTa Ha nHcamieTO (II Kop. ra. 8-9).
E. Haiinrre ohh, cbpna h pme TpaGBa na ca oGtpHara kt>m wyamuTe Ha xopaTa b ponmrre hh h
250
npymre crpaHH; b nbpKBaTa h b CBeTa.
IIoMomTa TpaGBa na OTpaaaBa koh CMe mie b Xpncroc b CBeTjiHHaTa Ha BenmcoTO
nop'bHeHHe (Max 28:18-20). TpaGBa na M05KeM na npenno5KHM (J)H3HHecKa h nyxoBHa noMom.
15:27 „aKo" ToBa e YCJIOBHO HSPE^EHHE OT ITLPBH KJIAC, KoeTO aBTop-bT npneMa 3a BapHO 3a Hy5KnHTe Ha
nocnaHHeTO ch b TeKCTa. Akd e3HHHHUHTe cnonenaT nyxoBmrre GnarocnoBemia Ha roneHTe (bjk. Phmji. 10-
11 rn.), re TpaGBa cbiho na noMaraT Ha (J)H3HHecKHTe Hy5KnH Ha nbpKBaTa-MaftKa b EpycanHM.
15:28
NASB „KoraTO npeflOCTaBH TOBa ii nocTaBH nenaTa en Btpxy to3ii TexeH njioa"
NKJV „KoraTO 3aBtpuia TOBa ii cbm janenaTaji to3ii iuioa 3a thx"
NRSV „KoraTO npiiKjiiOHa TOBa h aocTaBH ctSpaHOTO 3a thx"
TEV „Koraro 3aBtpuia Ta3ii 3afla*ia ii iim npeaavi bciihkii napii, CbSpami 3a thx"
JB „n TaKa, KoraTO CBtpuia TOBa ii ocjmuiiajiHO iim npeaaM ctSpaHOTo"
TOBa e nPH^ACTHE B AOPHCT AKTHB h nPH^ACTHE B CPE^EH AOPHCT. ToBa ce OTHaca GyKBajlHO no
HopMajiHHH oGiPiaft 3a 3aneHaTBaHe Ha npaTica 3a ocnrypaBaHe Ha cnrypHOCTTa Ha CT>n'bp}KaHHeTO ft. TaKa
IlaBeji yBepjrea, ne napnTe me Gtnar Hanne5KHO npenaneHH. 3a Ta3H nen toh B3eMa ci>mo h npencTaBHTenn
ot hhkojtko ot napnrencKHTe ut>pkbh (bjk. J\esm. 20:4).
Othocho „neHaT" bjk. CnEHHAJIHO nOHHTHE ki.m 4:11.
15:29 3a6ene5KeTe, ne TyK othobo ce H3non3Ba jiyuara pleroo I pleroma. Bick KOMeHTapa Bipxy 14 cthx.
UHTAT OT EBJITAPCKHJI IIPEBOfl BEPEH — 15:30-33
30 Ho a3 bh Mona, Gpara, npe3 rocnon Hncyc XpncTOC h npe3 nioGoBTa Ha Jiyxa na ce Gopnre c MeH c
mojihtbh ki>m Bora 3a MeH, -^ 3a na ce H36aBa ot HenoKopHHTe Ha BapaTa b K)nea h MoaTa cny5K6a 3a
EpycanHM na Gtne GnaronpnaTHa Ha CBeraHTe, 32 H c Eo5KHaTa Bona na noftna npn Bac panocTeH h na ch
noHHHa Me5Kny Bac. ■" A Bor Ha MHpa na Gtne c bchhkh Bac. Amhh.
UHTAT OT AHTJIHHCKHJI HVEBORNASB — 15:30-33
^^Now I urge you, brethren, by our Lord Jesus Christ and by the love of the Spirit, to strive
together with me in your prayers to God for me, -^that I may be rescued from those who are
disobedient in Judea, and that my service for Jerusalem may prove acceptable to the saints; -^so that I
may come to you in joy by the will of God and find refreshing rest in your company. -^Now the God of
peace be with you all. Amen.
15:30 „mojih bh... jx& ce Sopirre 3ae/mo c mch" ToBa ca chjihh nyMH Ha rp-bUKH e3HK. HtpBaTa ce
H3noji3Ba cbiho h b 12:1. BTopaTa ce ynoTpeGaBa 3a 6op6aTa Ha Hcyc b reTCHMamia. IlaBeji ycema
cepH03Ha Hy5iyia ot MOJiHTBa 3a caMHa Hero h 3a cny5KeHHeTO Ha GnaroBecTHeTO (bjk. II Kop. 1:11; Eijiec.
6:18-20; Kon. 4:3; I Con. 5:25; II Con. 3:1). IfenHTaHHaTa My b EpycanHM ce OKa3BaT roKirfOHHTenHO
Tpy^HH (bjk. ct. 31). Toh Bee naic CTHra no Phm, ho He no HanHHa, kohto ch e npencTaBan. Bjk. CnEITHAJIHO
noiWTHE: 3ACTBIIHHHECKA MOJIHTBA kbm 9:3
15:30-33 B MOJiHTBa ch IlaBeji H3pa3aBa Tpn 5KenaHHa: (1) na 6T>ne roGaBeH ot BparoBeTe ch b lOna (bjk.
JXqsiyi. 20:22-23); (2) njioatT Ha e3HHecKHTe iitpKBH na 6i>ne npneT no6pe ot utpKBaTa b EpycanHM (bjk.
J\q%yi. 15:1 hcji.; 21:17 hcji.); h (3) cnea TOBa aaMOJKe aanoceTH Phm Ha m>T 3a HcnaHHa.
15:30 „aa ce SopnTe 3aeflHO c mch" To3h TepMHH ce H3noii3Ba enimcTBeHO TyK b Hobhh 3aBeT Toft e
CbCTaBHa ayMa ot sun (3aenHO etc) h agonizomai (6opa ce, cpa5KaBaM ce, npeoaonaBaM rojiHMa Tpy^HOCT,
B5K. I Kop. 9:25; Kon. 1:29; 4:12; I Thm. 4:10; 6:12). To3h cnjieH HHOHHHTHB npH30BaBa utpKBaTa b Phm
arpecHBHO na aroHH3Hpa 3aeflHO c IlaBeji b MOJiHTBa 3a npneMaHeTO Ha flapemuiTa Ha e3HHHHiiHTe ot
Hi>pKBaTa-MaftKa b EpycanHM.
15:31 „HenoKopHiiTe" ToBa ce OTHaca no loaeftcKaTa ono3HHHH hjih BepoaTHO nopn no lonancTHTe, a He no
LTbpKBaTa no npHHinin (bjk. 11:30,31).
251
15:32 MonHTBaTa Ha IlaBeji 3aBi>pinBa c ome ^Be mojiGh: (1) #a ^owie npn Tax c paaocT h (2) #a HMa BpeMe
3a noHHBKa npn Tax (CPEflEH AOPHCT KOHIOHKTHB Ha sunanapauomai ', cpema ce e^HHCTBeHO TyK b Hobhh
3aBeT, ho ce ronojma b Hcaa 11:6. IlaBeji nixrHpa Hcaa 11:1,10 b cthx 12). IlaBeji HMa wymjia ot BpeMe 3a
noHHBKa h Bi>3CTaHOBaBaHe cpeA 3penH xphcthhhh (bjk. II Kop. 4:7-12; 6:3-10; 11:23-33)! Toft He yciurea
oGane ^a a nonyHH. ApecTH, ^ena h toahhh b 3aTBopa ro onaKBaT b IlajiecTHHa.
15:33 „Eor Ha Miipa" ToBa e ny^ecHa THTjia Ha Bora (bjk. 6:20; II Kop. 13:11; Ohji. 4:9; I Con. 5:23; II
Coji. 3:16; E B p. 13:20).
h „Amhh" B)K. CnEL[HAJIHO nORSTHE KIM 1:25.
BMPOCH 3A OECtaCflAHE
To3h KOMeHTap e caMO p'skobojctbo 3a H3yHaBaHe. ToBa 03HaHaBa, ne Bne caMH HOCHTe OTroBopHOCT 3a
HanHHa, no kohto TbjiKyBaTe BnGjinaTa. BceKH ot Hac Tpa6Ba ^a xoah b CBeTjiHHaTa, kosto My e jiajieiia.
IIpnopHTeT npn HHTepnpeTaiiHaTa CTe caMHHT Bne, BaniaTa EhGjthh h CBeTHHT JJyx. He 6nBa aa
npexBipjiaTe Ta3H OTroBopHOCT Ha kohto H^ae KOMeHTaTop.
HacmaiHHTe Binpocn 3a o6cT>5iyiaHe ijemrr #a bh no/nTOMoraaT ^a o6mhcjiht6 ocHOBmrre TeMH b to3h
pa3Aen Ha nocnaHHeTO. Uejrra hm e aa npe/pfiBHKaT mhcjih, a He aa ^a^aT KpaHHH ottoboph.
1. IIo KaicbB HanHH HOB03aBeTHHTe BapBamn MoraT ^a ce non3BaT ot Grapua 3aBeT (ct. 4-5; I Kop.
10:6,11)?
2. 3amo b 9-12 CTHxoBe IlaBeji HHrapa CTapna 3aBeT? KaKBa e BenHKaTa HCTHHa b Te3H TeKCTOBe?
3. Rt^e M05KeM ^a bh^hm b to3h naca5K ot Phmjihhh Hanpe5KeHHeTO ue^Kjiy Kweirre h e3HHHHHHTe?
4. Rt^e M05KeM ^a bh^hm b to3h naca5K ot Phmjuihh Hanpe5KeHHeTO othocho anocTOJiCKOTO
npH3BaHHe Ha IlaBeji?
5. KaKBa e npHHHHaTa Ha IlaBeji #a ci>6epe jiapemm ot e3HnecKHTe ut>pkbh 3a HbpKBaTa b EpycanHM
(15-28 ct.)?
6. KaKBa e MHCHOHepcKaTa CTpaTerna Ha IlaBeji? 3amo HCKa ^a ora/ie b Hcnamra?
7. KaK h 3amo IlaBeji onncBa AenoTO ch KaTO TOBa Ha CBemeHHK (16 ct.) no OTHonieHHe Ha H3paiui
KaTO napcKO CBemeHCTBO (H3x. 19:5-6) hjih Ha HbpRBara (I Ilex 2:5,9; Oncp. 1:6)?
8. OTroBapa jih Bor Ha MonHTBaTa Ha IlaBeji ot CTHxoBe 30-33?
252
Phmjihhh 16 rjiaea
nPOHHT HA TPETH HHKBJI (b»c. CTp.
ix)
UBS 4
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
JB
JIhhhh no3^paBH
rtpenoptHBaHe
Ha cecTpa <3>HBa
1103/ipaBH
JIhhhh ncn/jpaBH
1103/ipaBH
h noKenaHHa
16:1-2
16:1-2
16:1-2
16:1-2
16:1-2
Il03flpaBH
KtM CBeTHHTe B PHM
16:3-16
16:3-16
16:3-16
16:3-5a
16:3-5a
16:5b-7
16:5b-16
16:8-11
16:12-15
16:16
JfeOarBairre xopa,
kohto npHHHHimaT
pa3^opn
nocne^HH
HacTaBJieHHa
npe^ynpe)KfleHHe
h ntpBH
nocjiennc
16:17-20
16:17-20
16:17-20
16:17-20a
16:17-20
IIcB/ipaBH
ot npicrrejiHTe
Ha naBen
16:20b-21
nocne^HH no3^paBH
h BTopn nocjiennc
16:21-23
16:21-24
16:21
16:21-23
16:22
16:23
16:22
16:23
CnaBocnoBHe
BnarocnoBeHHe
3aBtpniBama
MOJIHTBa
Ha XBana
CuaBocjiOBHe
16:25-27
16:25-27
16:25-27
16:25-26
16:27
16:25-27
nPOHHT HA TPETH HHKBJI (b»c. CTp. ix)
IIPOCJIEflXBAHE HA ABTOPCKOTO HAMEPEHHE HA HHBO AE3AHH
To3h KOMeHTap e caMO p^kobojctbo 3a H3yHaBaHe. ToBa 03HaHaBa, ne Bne caMH HOCHTe OTroBopHOCT 3a
HanHHa, no kohto TbjiKyBaTe BnGjiiuiTa. BceKH ot Hac TpaGBa #a xoah b CBeTjiHHaTa, kojito My e Aa/ieHa.
IlpHopHTeT npn HHTepnpeTanHHTa CTe caMHHT Bne, BaniaTa EhGjthh h Cb6thht JJyx. He 6nBa #a
npexBipnaTe Ta3H OTroBopHOCT Ha kohto H^ae KOMeHTarop.
IlpoHeTeTe rnaBaTa Ha emm rt>x. OnpeAeneTe tcmhtc CinocTaBeTe BanieTO TeMaTHHHO pa3AeneHHe c
neTTe cbBpeMemoi npeBOAa no-rope. Pa3AejiHHeTO Ha a63auH He e B^ixHOBeHO ot Bora, ho e kjhohobo 3a
npocneAflBaHeTO Ha aBTopcKOTO HaMepemie. A HMeHHO TOBa e b cbpneBHHara Ha HHrepnpeTHpaHeTO. BceKH
253
a63au HMa entra enimcTBeHa TeMa.
1 . IltpBH a63au
2. Btoph a63au
3. TpeTHaGsaii
4. H T.H.
HABJIIOflEHHfl BBPXY KOHTEKCTA HA CTHXOBE 1-27
A. OT6ene5KeTe, ne bchhkh 5kchh b Ta3H 3aKjnoHHTejiHa rnaBa ca ci>pa6oTHHHKH Ha IlaBen b
cny5KeHHeTO (bjk. Ohji. 4:3): ®irea b cthx 1; IIpHCKa b cthx 3; MapHH b cthx 6; K)hhh (hjih K)hhh
- Bee enHO e mt>5k) b cthx 7; TpniJieHa h Tpncjioca b cthx 12; riepcHna b cthx 12; ..HeroBaTa Mainca"
b cthx 13; IOjihh b cthx 15; h ..HeroBaTa cecTpa" b cthx 15. BHHMaBairre c AoraaTH3Ma othocho
5KeHHTe b cny5KeHHe. Bchhkh BapBaiHH HMaT napGn (bjk. I Kop. 12:7,11) h ca cjry5KHTenH npe3
uanoTO BpeMe (bjk. Eijiec. 4:12). BnGnHHTa onpenejieHO OTcroaBa Mi>5Ka KaTO Bonan cnopen Eo5KHHTa
bojih. B to3h cnncbK HMaMe 5KeHa a^koh, OHBa, h BepoaTHO 5KeHa-anocTOJi, K)hhh (bjk. Hohji 2:28;
Jlexmw 2:16-21). Tpyniro e na 3HaeM KaK na pa3rjie5Kn,aMe to3h Binpoc 6h6jichckh nopa^H
napa^OKca, kohto ce HaGmonaBa b H3aBjieHHHTa Ha IlaBeji, KaTO I Kop. 11:4-5 b cpaBHeHne c 14:34.
B. 3a6ene5KeTe Bi>3M05KHHTe pa3HHHHH nporoxonH Ha Te3H HMeHa
1. BapBamn eBpen: AitHjia, IIpncKa, Ah^pohhk, K)hhh, Mapna (b hhkoh piKonHCH e MapnaM);
2. Phmckh GnaropoAHHHecKH (JtaMHjiHH: IIpHCKa, Amhjihh, AnejiHH, HapKHC, K)jihh, Onjiojior;
3. EBpeiiCKH GnaropoAHHHecKH (JiaMHjiHH: ApncTOByji, HponHOH.
C. Cthxobc 1-16 ca jihhhhtc no3npaBH Ha IlaBeji, npKaTO cthxobc 17-20 ca HeroBHTe 3aKjno x iHTejTHH
npenynpe>KneHHJi cpemy jrbJKeyHHTejiH. B cthxobc 21-23 mhchohcpckhht eKHn npama no3npaBH ot
KopHHT.
D. Pa3rne5KAaHeTO Ha 16-Ta rnaBa b Tyndale New Testament Commentary ot F. F. Bruce e mhoto
nojie3HO. Ako ce HHTepecyBaTe ot nonpoGHO roynaBaHe Ha HMeHaTa, kohto ce cpemaT b Ta3H rnaBa,
nponeTeTe 266-284 CTp.
E. HMa hhkoh cbMHemui Kbne CBipiiiBa nocjiaHHeTO. SaicjiioHHTejiHH ayMH ce cpemaT Ha hhkojiko
rrbTH b Kpaa Ha raaBH 14, 15 (MS P™) h 16 b npeBmrre rp-bUKH piKonHCH. TpanHHHOHHHHT
3aBi>piHeK ot 16:25-27 o6ane ce cpema b MSS P" , N, B, C h D, Kaiero h b rp-bUKHJi TeKCT,
H3noii3BaH ot KjiHMeHT I (95 r. cji. Xp.).
Cthx 24 He ce cpema b no-CTapnre rp-bUKH piKonHCH, P^o, P"^, N , A, B, C, hhto b jiaTHHCKaTa
BynraTa hjih rp-bUKHH tckct H3noji3BaH ot OpnreH ot AjieKcaHapna. 3a rrtjieH nperjie/i Ha
pa3JiHHHHTe BapnaHTH B5K. Bruce M. Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament,
CTp. 533-536.
H3CJIEflBAHE HA flYMH H OPA3H
HHTAT OT EBJITAPCKHJI nPEBOfl BEPEH — 16:1-2
^ npenoptHBaM bh HaniaTa cecipa ®HBa, kohto e cjry>KHTejiKa Ha irtpKBaTa b KeHxpea, ^ 3a na a
irpneMeTe b rocnona, KaKTO nonoGaBa Ha cbcthh, h na h noMorHeTe b TOBa, KoeTO 6h HMana Hy5Kna ot Bac;
3anjoTO Hrae noMarana Ha MH03HHa, KaKTO h Ha caMHH MeH.
HHTAT OT AHKIHHCKHfl nPEBOfl NASB — 16:1-2
254
ll commend to you our sister Phoebe, who is a servant of the church which is at Cenchrea; ^that
you receive her in the Lord in a manner worthy of the saints, and that you help her in whatever matter
she may have need o f you; for she h erself has also been a helper o f many, and of myself as well.
16:1 „IIpenopi>HBaM bii" ToBa e iihcmo c npenopiKa 3a AaKomicaTa Oirea. Han-BepoaTHO th e 3airecna
nncMOTO Ha IlaBeji b Phm. HMa hhkojiko Apyrn npnMepa Ha TaKHBa nncMa 3a npe^CTaBaHe hjih 3a
npenop-bKa b H3 (bhc. fleamta 18:27; I Kop. 16:3; II Kop. 3:1; 8:18-24; h Ohji. 2:19-30).
h „Oima" HeiiHOTO HMe 03HaHaBa „apKa" hjih „CHHeina".
a
NASB, NKJV „kohto e cjiyaaiTejiKa Ha utpKBara"
NRSV ,,/ihkoh Ha HtpKBaTa"
TEV „kohto cjiyacn Ha utpKBara"
JB „ isiKoiiiica Ha utpKBara"
ToBa e c-bHiecTBHTejiHOTO diakonos. ToBa e (JtopMa 3a TPETO JIHL(E, EflHHCTBEHO ^fflCJlo, BHHHTEJIEH
YIAJXE^K. ToBa e ipiukhht TepMHH 3a cjry5KHTeji/cjryra. Toft ce H3noji3Ba 3a Xphctoc b 15:8 h 3a IlaBeji b
E4>ec. 3:7; Koji. 1:23,25.
HMa AOKa3aTejiCTBa h b H3 h b pamnrre cjieA-6H6jieHCKH hi>pkobhh nncaHHa 3a cjiy5K6aTa Ha AflKomica.
flpyr npHMep 3a 5Kemi b mcctho hi>pkobho cny5KeHHe b H3 ca „cnHCi>HHTe c b^obhhh" ot nacTHpcKHTe
nocnaHHa (bjk. I Thm. 3:11; 5:3-16). IIpeBOAHTe RSV, Amplified h Phillips H3noji3BaT j^mma „AflKOHHca" b
16:1. NASB h NIV % HMaT b 6ejie5KKHre noA jihhhh. B NEB mnne „KoaTO at>P>kh cjiy5K6aTa". Bchhkh
BapBamH ca nprooBami, Ha/iapeHH cjry>KHTejiH npe3 uhjioto BpeMe (bjk. Eijiec. 4:12). Hhkoh ca npH30BaHH
Aa Gt^aT b piKOBOAHO cjiy5KeHHe. HaniHTe Tpa/niuHH TpaGBa ^a otcti>iuit npeA IlHcaHHJiTa! Te3H paHHH
AHKOHH H AHKOHHCH ca 6hJIH CJiy5KHTejIH, a He H3m>JIHHTejIHH GopAOBe.
M. P. Bhhcbht Ka3Ba, ne AnocmoncKume nocmcmoejieHUH, kohto flarapaT ot btoph hjih HanajiOTO Ha
TpeTH BeK, npaBaT pa3JiHKa Meac/ry 3aAfcJi>KeHHJiTa h pi>KonojiaraHeTO Ha noMOiHHHHHie b utpicBaTa ot
5KeHCKH noji (M. R. Vincent, Word Studies, tom 2, CTp. 752, 1196).
• AHKOHHCH
• b^obhhh (bjk. I Thm. 3:11; 5:9-10)
• ^eBHHH (bjk. Jlesmwi 21 :9 h BepoaTHO I Kop. 7:34)
Te3H 3aAfcJi>KeHHJi BKjiKraaT:
• rpiracH 3a 60JIHHTe
• ipiDKH 3a Te3H, KOHTO Ca (J)H3H x ieCKH TOpM03eHH
• nocemaBaHe na OHe3H, kohto ca b 3aiBop 3apa/m BapaTa
• noynaBaHe Ha hobh BapBamn
• noMaraHe npn Kpi>meHHeTO Ha 5KeHH
• H3BecTHO Harjie5KnaHe Ha 5KeHHre, HjieHOBe Ha utpKBara
| CnEljHAJlHO noHflTHE: aCEHHTE B EOaCHfl njIAH
CTapiiHT 3aBeT
A. B KyjiTypHO OTHomemie 5KeHHre ca 6hjih CMaTami 3a co6ctb6hoct.
1 . BKjnoHeHH b cnncbKa c npHTe5KaHHa (H3xoa 20:17)
2. OTHOineHHe ki>m poGnmiTe (H3xoa 21:7-11)
3. oGeTHTe Ha 5KeHHre MoraT %a ce aHyjinpaT ot couiiajiHO OTroBopmi Mi>5Ke (Hncjia 30)
4. 5KeHHTe icaTO njuiHKa ot cpa5Kemie (BTopo3aKOHHe 20:10-14; 21:10-14)
B. B npaKTHnecKO OTHOineHHe HMa B3aHMHOCT
1 . Mi>5KeTe h 5KeHHTe ca HanpaBeHH no Eo5khh o6pa3 (Enrae 1 :26-27)
2. noHHTaii Ganja ch h Mainca ch (H3xoa 20: 12 [BTop. 5:16])
3. yBa5KeHHe ki>m MaHKa h 6ama (JleBHT 19:3; 20:9)
4. KaKTO MiaceTe, TaKa h 5KeHHre MoraT ^a 6i>AaT Ha3open (Hncjia 6:1-2)
5 . /rbinepHTe HMaT npaBO Ha Hacjie^CTBO (Hncjia 27: 1-11)
6. nacT ot Hapo/ia Ha 3aBeTa (BTopo3aKOHHe 29: 10-12)
7. cjryniaii noyKaTa Ha 6ama ch h Mainca ch (IIphthh 1:8; 6:20)
255
8. CHHOBe h /n>mepH Ha EMaH (po/ia Ha neBHTHTe) borslt My3HKaTa b XpaMa (I JleTOnHCH
25:5-6)
9. CHHOBe h Atniepn me npopoKyBaT b hoboto BpeMe (Hohji 2:28-29)
C. 5KeHHTe ca 6hjih b pikoboahh ponn
1. cecTpaTa Ha MoiiceH MapnaM, HapeneHa ..npopoHHua" (H3x. 15:20-21)
2. 5KeHHTe ca Ha^apeHH ot Bora, 3a ^a npaBaT CKHHiuiTa (H3x. 35:25-26)
3. £I,eBopa ci>mo e npopoHHua (bjk. Ci>a- 4:4), kojito boah bchhkh nneMeHa (Ci>ahh 4:4-5;
5:7 )
4. Oiwa e npopoHHiia, KoaTO nap Hochh H3BHKBa, 3a ^a nponeTe h rbjiKyBa TOKy-mo
HaMepeHaTa „KHHra Ha 3aKOHa" (IV Uape 22:14; II Hex 34:22-27)
5. PyT, GoroyroAHa 5KeHa, e npapoflHTejnca Ha fl,aBH£
6. uapniia Ecthp, GoroyroflHa 5KeHa, cnacjrea eBpenTe b IlepcHa
II. Hobiiht 3aBeT
A. B KymypHO OTHOineHne, KaKTO b KweHCKHH CBerorjieA, TaKa h b rp-bUKO-pHMCKiM, JKemrre ca
6hjih BTopa Kjiaca rpa5K#aHH c ManKO npaBa hjih npHBHjierHH (roKjnoHemieTO e MaKe^OHHa).
B. 5KeHHTe b pikoboahh ponn
1. EjiHcaBeTa h Mapna, jipe GoroyroAHH 5KeHH, ca Ha pa3noji05KeHHe Ha Bora (Hyica 1-2 rn.)
2. AHHa, e^na GoroyroflHa 5KeHa, cnyacn b XpaMa (JlyKa 2:36)
3. JIh^hh, BapBama 5KeHa h Bop?n Ha AOManraa HbpKBa (JfeaHHa 16: 14,40)
4. h neTHpHTe Ai>niepH Ha Onjinn ca npopoHHHH (Jteamui 21:8-9)
5. ®HBa, A^KOHHca Ha utpKBaTa b KeHxpea (Phmji. 16:1)
6. IIpncKa (IIpHCKHjia), ci>pa6oTHHHKa Ha IlaBeji h yHHTejiKa Ha Anonoc QXesmwi 18:26;
Phmji. 16:3)
7. MapiM, TpncJteHa, Tpnijioca, nepcH^a, IOjihh, cecTpaTa Ha Hnpeii, hhkojiko ot 5KemrTe
ci>pa6oTHHHKH Ha IlaBeji (Phmji. 16:6-16)
8. IOhhh (KJV), BepoaTHO 5KeHa-anocTOJi (Phmji. 16:7)
9. Eboahji h Chhthxhh, ci>pa6oTHHHKH Ha IlaBeji (Ohji. 4:2-3)
III. KaK eflHH ctBpeMeHeH xpiictiihhiih Sajiairciipa Meawy pamonocoHHiiTe 6n6jiei"icKii
npiiMepii?
A. KaK HOBeK npaBH pa3JiHKa Me5K#y HCTopHHecKH h KyjiiypHH hcthhh, kohto ca iiphjkmchmh
CaMO KIM OpHTHHajIHHH KOHTeKCT, H BeHHH HCTHHH, KOHTO Ca BajIH^HH 3a BCHHKH HBpKBH H
bchhkh BapBanjH npe3 BeKOBeTe?
1. TpaGBa ^a B3HMaMe mhoto cepH03HO uejiTa Ha B^txHOBeHHa aBTop. BnGjinaTa e Bo5KHeTO
Cjiobo h e e^HHCTBeHHa h3tohhhk 3a Bapa h ^ejia.
2. Tpa6Ba #a ce 3aeMeM c oneBH/iHO HCTopHHecKH ooycjiOBemiTe B/rtxHOBeHH TeKCTOBe
a. pniyajiHTe h jiniyprHHTe Ha Phpanji (bjk. JXesmiw 15 ra.; Taji. 3 ra.)
b. K>AaH3MI>T OT I BeK
c. oneBH/iHO HCTopHHecKH ooycjiOBemrre H3aBjieHHa Ha IlaBeji b I Kop.
(1) npaBHaTa CHCTeMa Ha e3HHHHa Phm (I Kop. 6 ra.)
(2) ocTaBaHeTO jia 6i>Aeiii po6 (I Kop. 7:20-24)
(3) 6e36paHHeTO (I Kop. 7:1-35)
(4) HejiOM-bApneTO (I Kop. 7:36-38)
(5) 5KepTBonpHHOineHHeTO Ha xpaHa npea h^ojih (I Kop. 10:23-33)
(6) HeAOCToiiHH ^eiiCTBHa npn IbcnoAHa Tpane3a (I Kop. 11 rji.)
3. Bor e pa3Kpnji Ce6e ch Ham>jiHO h >icho Ha onpe^ejieHa KyjiTypa, b onpeaejieHO BpeMe.
TpaGBa #a npneMeM OTKpoBeHHeTO cepno3HO, ho He h BceKH acneKT ot HeroBOTO
HCTopHnecKO nocTaBaHe. Bo5KHeTO cjiobo e HanncaHO c HeroBHTe coGcTBeHH jxyMn,
kohto ca aapecHpaHH ki>m onpe^ejieHa KyjiTypa, b onpeaejieHO BpeMe.
B. BnGjieiiCKOTO TtjiKyBaHe ipaGBa #a Ttpcn HaMepeHHeTO Ha opnrHHajiHHa aBTop. KaKBO Ka3Ba
toh Ha CBoeTO ciBpeMne? ToBa e ocHOBonojiaramo h 5KH3HeHOBa5KHO 3a npaBHjiHOTO
TtjiKyBaHe. Ho cjieA TOBa TpaGBa ^a ro npnji05KHM ki>m HaineTO ciBpeMHe. Eto ro h
npoGjieMa c jKemrre b pi>KOBOAHa pojia (hcthhckhht TbjiKyBarejieH npoGjieM M05Ke 6h
Ae(J)HHHpa TepMHHa). HMajio jih e noBene cjry5KHTejiH, otkojikoto nacTHpn, kohto ca 6hjih
pa3rjie5K/iaHH KaTO BO^aHH? JLtkohhcht6 (bjk. Phmji. 16:1) 6hjih jih ca CMaTami 3a BO^aHH?
Ci>BceM acHO e, ne b I Kophhtshh 14:34-35 h I THMOTeii 2:9-15 IlaBeji tbi>pah, ne 5KeHHTe He
256
Girea na B0A3T b 6orocny5KeHHeTo! Ho icaic na npnnojKa a3 TOBa nHec? He HCKaM Kymypara
Ha naBen hjih MoaTa Kymypa na 3arjiyinaBaT Eo5KHeTO cjiobo h bojih. BepoaTHO e
CBBpeMHeTO Ha naBen na e 6hjio TBT>pne orpaHHHaBamo, ho MoeTO CBBpeMHe M05Ke na e
TBT>pne OTnycHaTO. He ce nyBCTBaM ynpGHO na Ka5Ka, ne nyMHre h noyneHHaTa Ha naBen ca
yCJIOBHH, MeCTHH HCTHHH OT m>pBH BeK, KOHTO 3aBHCaT OT CHTyaHHHTa. KOH CT>M a3, He 33
ocTaBaM Moa yM hjih KymypaTa mh na npoTHBopenaT Ha enim BntxHOBeH aBTop?!
KaKBO npaBa oGane, KoraTO HMa GnGjiencKH npHMepn 3a 5Kemi BonanH (nopn h b
nncaHHaTa Ha naBen, B5K. Phmji. 16 rji.)? J],o6i>p npHMep 3a TOBa e Ka3aHOTO ot naBen
othocho 6orocny5KeHH3Ta b I KopHHrami 11-14 rn. B 11:5 H3rae5Kna, ne toh no3BonaBa Ha
xcemrre na nponoBanBaT h na ce MonaT b 6orocny5KeHHeTO, aico rnaBHTe hm ca noKpHTH, ho b
14:34-35 toh H3HCKBa ot Tax na mt>jfi&t\ HMa aakohhch (bjk. PnMn. 16:1) h npopoHHUH (bjk.
Jleniam 21:9). ToBa pa3Hoo6pa3He mh nflBa CBoGona na onpenena KOMeHTapnTe Ha naBen
(kohto ce oraacaT no orpampieHHaTa 3a jKemrre) KaTO orpaHHHemi no KopHHT h Ecjiec npe3 I
BeK. H b npeTe irtpKBH HMa npoGneMH c Hcemrre, kohto ynpa5KHaBaT CBoaTa HOBOOTKpHTa
CBoGona (bjk. Bruce Minter, Corinth After Paul Left), h TOBa M05Ke na e noBeno no TpynHOCTH
3a TaxHaTa irtpKBa b nocTHraHeTO Ha TaxHOTO oGmecTBO 3a XpncTOC. TaxHara CBoGona
TpaGBa na Gtne orpampieHa, 3a na M05Ke GnaroBecTHero na Gtne no-ecJieKTHBHO.
MoeTO BpeMe e tohho oGpaTHOTO Ha TOBa Ha naBen. B MoeTO BpeMe GnaroBecTHero
M05Ke na Gine orpaiopieHO, aKO Ha nonroTBeHH 5Kemi c nap cnoBO He 6i>ne no3BoneHO na
cnonenaT GnaroBecTHero, He hm Gtne no3BoneHO na BonaT! KaKBa e KpaHHaTa Hen Ha
6orocny5KeHHeTO? He e nn 6naroBecTHe h ynempiecTBO? Mo5Ke nn Bor na Gtne noneTeH h na
6i>ne noBoneH ot 5Kemi Bonann? KaTO uano H3rae5Kna, ne EnGnnaTa Ka3Ba „na" !
Bhx HCKan na OTcn>na npen naBen, MoeTO GorocnoBHe e rnaBHO naBnoBO. He HCKaM na
6i>na noBnHHH TBipne mhoto nnn MaHnnynnpaH ot Monepmia cJieMHHH3i>M! CMaTaM oGane,
ne irtpKBaTa e OTKiiHKBana TBipne 6aBHO Ha oneBHnHH GnGneHCKH hcthhh, Kara TOBa KonKO
HeyMecTHO e poGctboto, pacn3Ma, cJiaHaTH3Ma h ceKCH3Ma. Ta e OTicnHKBana h TBipne 6aBHO
Ha nonTHCKaHeTO Ha jKemrre b Monepmia cbst. Bor e ocBoGoniin po6nTe h jKemrre b
XpncTOC. He 6hx nocMan na ocTaBa enHH KynTypHO-opHeHTHpaH tckct na rn BipHe oGparao
B OKOBHTe.
H onie enHH MOMenr: KaTO rbnKyBaTen a3 3HaM, ne irtpKBaTa b Kophht e 6nna
pa3Ki>CBaHa ot mhoto Hema. XapH3MaTHHHHTe nap6n ca 6nnH Bi>3XBanaBaHH h H3non3BaHH
3anoBen 3a nepneHe npen npyrHTe. Bt>3mo5kho e jKemrre na ca ce yBnnnanH b TOBa. CMaTaM
Cbinp, ne Ecjiec e 6nn non BnHamieTO Ha m>5KeyHHTenH, kohto ca ce Bi>3non3BanH ot Hcemne
h ca rn H3non3BanH KaTO 3aMecTHHK nponoBenHHUH b noManiHHTe irtpKBH b Ecjiec (bjk. I h II
THMOTeii).
npenno5KeHHH 3a nom>nHHTenHO neTeHe
1 . How to Read the Bible For All Its Worth ot Gordon Fee h Doug Stuart (cip. 61-77)
2. Gospel and Spirit: Issues in New Testament Hermeneutics ot Gordon Fee
3. Hard Sayings of the Bible ot Walter C. Kaiser, Peter H. Davids, F. F. Bruce h Manfred T.
Branch (cip. 613-616; 665-667).
e „u , bpKBaTa" Bjk. CnELtHAJlHO noHilTHE no-nony.
| CnEmiAJlHO noHflTHE: m»PKBATA (EKKLESM)
Pp-bUKHHT TepMHH eliklesia e ciCTaBeH ot nse nyMH: „ot" h „npH30BaH". 3aTOBa
cbniecTBHTenHOTO roBopn 3a 6o5KecTBeHO npH30BaHH xopa. PaHHaTa irbpKBa e B3ena Ta3H nyMa ot
CBeTCKa ynoTpeGa (bjk. JXquyoisi 19:32,39,41) h nopann ynoTpeGaTa Ha to3h TepMHH 3a „ci>6paHHe" Ha
H3pann (bjk. Hncna 16:3; 20:4). Te ca a H3non3BanH 3a ce6e ch KaTO nponi>n5KeHHe Ha Eojkhh Hapon
ot CTapna 3aBeT Te ca hobhht H3pann (bjk. PnMn. 2:28-29; Tan. 6:16; I neTip 2:5,9; Oncp. 1:6),
H3ni>nHeHHeTO Ha Eo5KHHTa mhchji 3a CBeTa (bjk. Bhthc 3:15; 12:3; H3xon 19:5-6; MareS 28:18-20;
JlyKa 24:47; fleaHHa 1:8).
JlyMaTa ce H3non3Ba c HaKonKO pa3nHHHH CMHCina b eBaHrennaTa h JXesmiw.
1. CBeTCKO rpancKO ci>6paHHe, Jlexmw 19:32,39,41
2. BceoGm Eo5kh Hapon b Xphctoc, MaTeii 16: 18 h Ecbecami
257
3. MecTHO CbGpamie ot BapBamn b Xphctoc, MareH 18:17; JXestmw 5:11 (b Te3H
CTHxoBe irbpKBaTa b HepycanHM)
4. cbGnpaTejiHO 3a ropanjiTaHHTe b nponoBe/iTa Ha CTecJiaH (fleaH. 7:38)
5. Bo5khh HapoA b onpeAeneH paiiOH, JXexmuL 8:3 (lO/iea hjih IlajiecTHHa)
H „KeHxpeH" ToBa e 6hjio qrho ot jipqtq npHCTamnna Ha KopHHT. ToBa npHCTamnne e 6hjio ot H3TOHHaTa
CTpaHa (b5k. Jlesmwi 18:18).
16:2 „aa h npneMeTe b Tocnofla, KaKTO noaoSaBa" ToBa e CPEfl;EH AOPHCT HA (aenoHeHTHHa)
no/rTOHHTEJIEH rJIAroJI prosdechomai, kohto 03HaHaBa ,,aa npneMa jno6e3HO KaTO toct" (bjk. Ohji. 2:29).
IlaBeji e BapBaji Ha Ta3H 5KeHa h e HCKaji HbpKBaTa ^a a npneivie H^aii noMorae ot HeroBO HMe.
H „CBeTiiiiTe" Ta3H ayMa 6yKBajiHO 03HaHaBa ..CBaTHTe xopa". Ta onncBa He caMO nojiojKemieTO Ha
BapBannrre b Hcyc, ho cbiho TexHHa Goroyro/ieH 5khbot, kohto nocTeneHHO ^a xapaKTepH3npa TaxHOTO
hobo cbCToaHne b XpncTOC. B BnGnnaTa cbiuecTBHTejiHOTO ..cbcthh" e BHHarn b MHO)KECTBEHO HHCJIO,
ocBeH bt>b OnuHnaHH 4:21 (h ^opn TaM Hina o6m cmhcbji). J\& Gt^eni xpncTHaHHH 3HaHH #a Gi^eni nacT ot
BapBamo oGmecTBO, ceMeiicTBO, Tano. CiBpeMeHHaTa m>pKBa Ha 3anaa e oGesuemuia to3h acneKT Ha
6H6neHCKara Bapa! B>k. CnEITHAJIHO nOHSITHE: CBETHH kt.m 1:7.
h „noMorHeTe b KaKBOTO 6n iiMana Hyaena ot sac" TyK Hiia «Ba no^HHHTEJTHH TJlAroJlA. HtpBHaT e
paristemi (AKTHBEH AOPHCT). Toft 03HaHaBa „/ja ch totob aa noMorHein". BTopnaT e chrezo (CErAIIIHO
BPEME, AKTHBEH 3AJIor). Toft 03HaHaBa ,,ff,a noMorHein c KaKBOTO e Hy5KHo" (bjk. II Kop. 3:1).
ToBa ce OTHaca ^o MaTepnajiHO ocnrypaBaHe Ha m>iyBaiHH cjrysKHTejiH. ToBa e 6njia uejrra Ha nncMOTO
c npenopiKa.
H
NASB, NKJV „e 6iuia noMomraiua Ha MH03ima"
NRSV „e 6njia 6jiarofleTe.ii 3 a MHOJima"
TEV „h th caMaTa e 6iuia aoStp npiiHTeji Ha mhoto xopa"
JB „ce e rpiiaciuia 3a mhoto xopa"
flyMaTa proistatis ce cpema caMO TyK b HoBHa 3aBeT ToBa M05Ke #a ce e OTHacano ao (J)H3HHecKa hjih
(JiHHaHCOBa noMom. Ta3H jsyma no Hanajio ce e H3noji3Bajia 3a 6oraTa noKpoBHTejnca. Ti>h KaTO ®irea e
ni>TyBajia ki>m Phm (bjk. ct. 1) h e noMoraajia Ha MH03HHa (bjk. ct. 2), M05Ke TOBa ^a e HCTopHHecKH BapHO 3a
Hea.
IJHTAT OT EBJITAPCKHfl IIPEBOfl BEPEH — 16:3-16
-* IIo3ApaBeTe IIpHCKHjia h AKHjia, MOHTe ci>pa6oTHHHH b Xphctoc Hncyc, ^ kohto 3a Moa 5khbot ch
noAJi05KHxa BpaTOBeTe noA hojk, Ha kohto He caMO a3 Gjiaro/iapa, ho h BCHHKHTe hi>pkbh Me5Kny
e3HHHHiiHTe. * IIo3ApaBeTe h HbpKBaTa b TexHHa j\om h no3ApaBeTe Bi>3Jiio6eHHa mh EneHeT, kohto e
mpBHaT nnoA ot A3Ha 3a Xphctoc. " IIo3ApaBeTe Mapna, KoaTO ce e Tpy/nuia MHoro 3a Bac. ' IIo3ApaBeTe
Ahapohhk h K>HHa, MOHTe cpoahhhh h HaKora 3ae,ijH0 c MeH 3aTBopmmH, kohto ca 6ejie5KHTH Me5K#y
anocTOJiHTe h kohto 6axa b Xphctoc ome npe/ni MeH. ° IIo3ApaBeTe Bi>3Jiio6eHHa mh b TocnoAa AMnjiHax "
IIo3ApaBeTe Hanraa ci>pa6oTHHK b Xphctoc YpBaH h Bi>3Jiio6eHHa mh CTaxnc. ^ IIo3ApaBeTe OAoGpemia b
Xphctoc AnejiHii. IIo3ApaBeTe OHe3H, kohto ca ot ceMeiicTBOTO Ha ApncTOByji. *■*■ IIo3ApaBeTe Hpo^HOH,
Moa poAHHHa. IIo3ApaBeTe Te3H ot ceMeiicTBOTO Ha Hapiaic, kohto ca b TocnoAa. *■*■ IIo3ApaBeTe TpniJieHa
h Tpnijioca, kohto paGoTaT b Ibcnoaa. IIo3ApaBeTe Bi>3Jiio6eHaTa nepcn/ia, KoaTO e paGorana mhoto b
TocnoAa. ^ IIo3ApaBeTe H36paHHa b rocno^a Pyij) h HeroBaTa h MoaTa Mainca. " IIo3ApaBeTe Achhkpht,
OneroHT, EpMa, IlaTpoBa, EpMHa h GpaTaTa, kohto ca c Tax. *■* IIo3ApaBeTe Onjiojior h lOjina, Hnpen h
cecipa Mj r , h OjiHMnaH, h BCHHKHTe cbcthh, kohto ca c Tax. 1" IIo3ApaBeTe ce e/iHH ppyr etc CBaTa
iienyBKa. IIo3ApaBaBaT bh BCHHKHTe Xphctobh irbpKBH.
i;HTAT OT AHDIHHCKHa nPEBO^ NASB — 16:3-16
258
^Greet Prisca and Aquila, my fellow workers in Christ Jesus, ^who for my life risked their own
necks, to whom not only do I give thanks, but also all the churches of the Gentiles; ^also greet the
church that is in their house. Greet Epaenetus, my beloved, who is the first convert to Christ from
Asia. ^Greet Mary, who has worked hard for you. ^Greet Andronicus and Junias, my kinsmen and
my fellow prisoners, who are outstanding among the apostles, who also were in Christ before me.
^Greet Ampliatus, my beloved in the Lord. ^Greet Urbanus, our fellow worker in Christ, and
Stachys my beloved. l^Greet Apelles, the approved in Christ. Greet those who are of the household of
Aristobulus. H Greet Herodion, my kinsman. Greet those of the household of Narcissus, who are in the
Lord. l^Greet Tryphaena and Tryphosa, workers in the Lord. Greet Persis the beloved, who has
worked hard in the Lord. l^Greet R u f US9 a choice man in the Lord, also his mother and mine.
l^Greet Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermes, Patrobas, Hermas and the brethren with them. l^Greet
Philologus and Julia, Nereus and his sister, and Olympas, and all the saints who are with them.
l^Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ greet you.
16:3 „IIpiicKa 11 AKiuia" Jlyica a HapHHa ..IIpHCKHjia". Ta necTO ce cnoMeHaBa npeAH Mi>5Ka ch, Koero e
MHoro HeoGiPiaHHO (bjk. J{esmwi 18:18, 26; I Kop. 16:19; II Thm. 4:19). Bt>3mo5kho e^ae Gnjia ot pHMCicaTa
apHCTOKpaiiHH hjih ^a e Gnna AOMHHHpamaTa jihhhoct b Ta3H jjpovnm. H IlaBeji, h Ta3H jjpovnm ca 6hjih
MaiiCTopH Ha inaTpn hjih K05Kapn. IlaBeji rn Hapiwa ,,ci>pa6oTHHHH b Xphctoc". Bi>3mo5kho e toh ^a e nyn
3a CHjiHHTe CTpaHH h 3a cnaGocTHTe Ha HbpKBaTa b Phm ot Ta3H ABoinca.
16:4 „pncKyBaxa BparoBeTe ch" ToBa e h^hom ot TepMHHa 3a ..ceiuipa Ha najian". BnGjiHiiTa m-bjmh
othocho TOBa KaKBO IlaBeji e HMaji npeABH/i c Ta3H <jipa3a.
H ,,Ha koiito He caMO a3 Sjiaroaapa, ho h bciihkh ui>|)kmi Ha e3iiHHiiHiiTe" IlaBeji e 6hji mhoto
Gjiaro^apeH 3a npnaTejiCTBOTO h aKTHBHaTa noMom Ha Ta3H jjpovom. Toh ^opn pa3iiiHpaBa tsxhoto
cny5KeHHe ao ..bchhkh hi>pkbh Ha e3HHHHi(HTe". KaKBO AtJiSoKO yTBi>p5KAaBaHe h 6jiaroAapHOCT! ToBa M05Ke
Aa ce oraaca ao taxhoto OKypa5KaBaHe h HHcJiopMnpaHe Ha Anonoc (bjk. ,H,eaHHa 18:24-28).
16:5 „HBpKBara" Oraaca ce 3a xopa, He 3a crpa/ni. CimecTBHTejiHOTO 03HaHaBa „npH30BaHHTe xopa". B
LXX to3h TepMHH ce H3noji3Ba 3a npeBOA Ha eBpencicaTa Ay Ma qcthctl, KoeTO ce npeBe5K^a KaTO ,,ci>6paHHe".
PaHHaTa LftpKBa Bumjia ce6e ch KaTO ecTecTBeH HacneAHHK h H3m>jiHeHHe Ha ,,ci>6paHHeTO Ha H3paHji" ot
C3, a He ceKTaHTCKa OTuenHiPiecKa rpyna. Bm. CnELJHAJIHO IIOH5ITHE kim 16:1.
h „kohto e b TexHHH flOM" PaHHHTe xpHCTHaHH ca ce cbGnpajiH no AOMOBeTe (bjk. 16:23; J{esmwi 12:12; I
Kop. 16:19; Koji. 4: 15 h Ohjihmoh 2 ex). 11,'bpKOBHHTe crpa^H ca ce noaBHjm npe3 III BeK cji. Xp.
H „EneHeT" Hmcto Ha to3h HOBeic 03HaHaBa ..xBajieH".
H ^tpBiiHT noBapBaii" ToBa ce Ka3Ba h 3a ceMeiicTBOTO Ha OreijmHHH b I Kop. 16:15.
H „ot A3ira" ToBa ce oraaca 3a pHMCKaTa npoBHHHiia, Koaro e 3aeMana 3anaAHara e/iHa TpeTa ot AHenraa
TypHiia.
16:6 „MapiiH, kohto ce e Tpy^njia MHoro 3a Bac" Hhiuq He ce 3Hae 3a Ta3H jihhhoct. Bi>3mo5kho e h aa e
Gnjia MHCHOHep ot iitpKBaTa b Phm. TojiKOBa mhoto ny/iecHH, Goroyro/niH BapBamii ca Hen3BecTHH 3a Hac,
ho Ao6pe H3BecTHH 3a Bora.
16:7 „MOiiTe CB3aTBopHiiHii" CbBpeMeHmrre ynemi He ca cnrypHH 3a koh nepnofl b 3aTBopa CTaBa Binpoc
TyK. IlaBeji e cipaaaji mhoto 3a BapaTa ch (bjk. II Kop. 4:8-11; 6:4-10; 11:25-28). Toh e 6hji b 3aTBopa bt>b
OnjinnH, U,e3apea, Phm h Bepoarao h Ha apyrn MecTa (icaro HanpHMep Ecjtec; bjk. I Kop. 15:32; II Kop. 1:8).
H „K)hhh" ToBa HMe M05Ke aa Gt^e ot )KEHCKH poj\ hjih M'DKKH POfl, KaTO po^tT ce onpe^ejia ot
y^apeHHeTO. HMa BapHanra Ha rp-bUKHa p-bKonnc. Iounictn ce cpema b MSS N, A, B, C, D, F, G & P, ho 6e3
259
yflapemie. YijapeHaTa 5KeHCKa (JiopMa ce cpema b MSS B% D% h 0150. PamnraT namipyceH p-bKonnc P^6 H
hhkoh npeBOAH Ha Bynrara h KonTCKaTa BhGjihh, KaKxo h rpi>nKHTe TeKCTOBe, H3non3BaHH ot HepomiM
H3non3BaT .Joulian", KoeTO e 3a jkchckh po/i. Hjikoh ynemi CMaTaT, ne TOBa e rpeniKa Ha nncapa. Ta3H
5KeHCKa (JtopMa ce cpema b 16:15. Bi>3mo5kho e ABeTe jihhhocth cnoMeHaTH b cthx 7 ^a ca 6hjih (1) ABaMa
BapBanni KweH, kohto ca 6hjih 3aTBopeHH c IlaBeji; (2) 6paT h cecrpa; hjih (3) mt>5k h 5KeHa. Ako (JtopMaTa e
5KeHCKa h aKO AyMaTa „anocTOJiHre" ce e oraacajia ao no-innpoKa ynoTpeGa ot ci>inecTBHTejiHOTO
..ABaHaaeceTTe", TO raBa TOBa e Gnjia 5KeHa-anocTOJi.
HHTepecHO e ci>ino, ne ronHCBaHeTO ,,K)hhh" He ce cpema mncb/ie b pHMCKaTa jiHTepaTypa, a hmbto
..IOhhh" e 6hjio mhoto necTO cpemaHO. ToBa e pHMCKa (JiaMmma. 3a noBene HHcJiopManiia othocho jKemrre
b cny5KeHHe, B5K. Women Leaders and the Church, ot Linda L. Belleville, CTp. 188, 6ene5Kica 42.
H
NASB „koiito ca i«TbKHaTii cpea anocTOJiHTe"
NKJV „koiito ca H3BecTHH cpea anocTOJiHTe"
NRSV „Te ca Sejieacimi cpea anocTOJiHTe"
TEV „Te ca aoSpe no3Harn cpea anocTOJiHTe"
NJB „Ha Te3H inrbKHaTii anocTOJiii"
ToBa M05Ke ^a ce oraaca ao ^BaHa^eceTTe h aKO e TaKa, Te3H jsp&m&t& ca hm 6hjih mhoto no3HaTH, hjih
M05Ke Aa ce oraaca ao no-ninpoKa rpyna ot cjiy5KHTejiH, kohto ca 6hjih no3HaTH icaro „anocTOJiH" (bjk.
Jleumvi 14:4, 14; 18:5; I Kop. 4:9; Tan. 1:19; Ohji. 2:25; I Con. 2:6). KoHreKcrbT npeanojiara Ta3H no-
ninpoKa ynoTpeGa, KaKTO e h b E(])ecaHH 4:11, ho onPEfl;EJIHTEJIHH5IT ^JIEH npe/mojiara, ne CTaBa Binpoc 3a
^BaHaAeceTTe. B>k. CnELpiAJlHoriOHilTHE: H3IIPAmAM (apostello) kbm 1:1.
H „6axa b Xpiicroc ome npeflii mch" OneBHTiHO 03HanaBa ca 6hjih cnaceHH h aKTHBHH 3a Xphctoboto
cnyaceHHe npe/in cjrynKaTa c IlaBeji no m>Ta 3a JX&m&cv..
16:8-16 HMeHaTa b Ta3H nacT ca Heno3HaTH 3a ynemiTe. Te ca Bi>3jno6eHH ot Bora h IlaBeji, ho HMeHaTa h
cnyaceHHeTO hm He ca 3anHcami b H3 hjih pamiaTa xpncTiuiHCKa jiHTepaiypa. 3a6ejie5KHTejiHOTO e, ne TOBa e
CMecnna ot no3HaTH HMeHa Ha po6n h GjiaropoAHHnecKH phmckh h KweiicKH (JiaMHjiHH. HMa Mi>5Ke h 5Kemi.
HMa 3aM05KHH ocBoGo^eHH po6n, KaKTO h nbiyBainn nponoBeAHnnH. HMa ny^eHUH ot IlepcHJi. Bcipikh
nperpa/ni ca CBajieHH b m>pKBaTa Ha Hcyc XpncTOC (bjk. 3:22; 10:12; Hohji 2:28-32 Uteamia 2:14-21]; I
Kop. 12:11; Taji. 3:28; Koji. 3:11)!
16:8 „AivinjiiiH" ToBa HMe, ci>ino KaTO HpHCKa h K)HHa, e Ao6pe no3Hara pHMCKa (JtaMHjma.
H „BB3jiio6eHiiH mii b rocnoaa" flyMaTa „Bi>3jno6eH" ce H3noji3Ba ot Bor OTen 3a Hcyc, Chhi>t, b MaTeii
3:17 h 17:5, icaro e bi>3mo5kho TOBa ^a e npo3BHine ot necHnre Ha cjry5KHTejia b Hcaa (bjk. MaTeii 12:18,
kohto niiTHpa Hcaa 42:1). naBeji o6ane ro H3noji3Ba KaTO ce o6pi>ina ki>m BapBanni (bjk. 1:7; 16:8,9; I Kop.
4:14,17; 15:58; Eijiec. 6:21; Ohji. 2:12; Koji. 4:7,9,14; I Thm. 6:2; Ohjihmoh 16 ct).
16:9 „ypBaH" HvieTO 03HanaBa „5KHBeein b rpaaa" hjih „OTrjieaaH b rpaaa".
h „b XpiiCTOc" Ta3H (Jipa3a ce noBTapa (3aeflHO c „b TocnoAa") npe3 inuiaTa raaBa. Bchhkh xphcthhhckh
paGoTHHnn ca 6hjih nacT ot Qjsyio ceMeiiCTBO, c e/niH cnacnTeji.
H „CTaxiitt" ToBa e pa/iKO HMe, KoeTO 03HanaBa „Kjiac" (ot 5khto). HMa apxeojiorimecKH Haxo^KH, kohto
CBi>p3BaT TOBa HMe etc ceMeiicTBOTO Ha U,e3ap.
16:10 „oflo6peHiiH b XpiiCTOc" To3h H/niOMaTHneH H3pa3 ce OTHaca j\o noBeK, kohto e MHHaji npe3
H3nHTaHHH h e ocTaHaji BepeH. Bac. CnELI,HAJIHO nOHilTHE npn 2:18.
H „OHe3ii ot ceMeiicTBOTO" Hjikoh yneHH cneKyjinpaT, ne to3h H3pa3 ce oraaca j\o po6, kohto e 6hji Ha
cjry5K6a npn ApncTOByji, a He 3a njieHOBe Ha ceMeiicTBOTO, KaKTO h ne ciinoTO e BapHO 3a H3pa3a ot 1 1 cthx
- „OHe3H ot ceMeiicTBOTO Ha HapKHc".
260
H „Ha ApiiCTOByji" Hhkoh yneHH (Lightfoot) aonycKaT, ^e TOBa e 6hji GpaTbT Ha Hpoa Arpnna I (kohto b
^eamia 12 rji. 3anoBa#Ba #a y6naT .Hkob). Ako e BapHO, GnaroBecTHeTO e 3anoHHajio /ja npoHHKBa h b Tcrna
napcKO H^yMeiicKO ceMeiicTBO.
16:11 „HpofliiOH" Bi>3mo5kho e TOBa ff,a e 6hji po6 b ceMeiicTBOTO Ha Hpoa.
H „OHe3H ot ceMeiicTBOTO Ha HapKiic" Bt>3mo5kho e Tcrna aa ce e OTHacano ao aoGpe H3BecTHHa cnyra Ha
HMnepaTop KjiaB/iHH. Ako e BapHO, TOBa noKa3Ba KaK GnaroBecTHeTO e 3an0HHa.no /ja npoHHKBa cpeA
Phmckoto napcKO ceMeiicTBO.
16:12 „Tpii(j)eHa" ToBa HMe 03HaHaBa ,,H3Ti>HHeHa".
H „Tpii(|)oca" ToBa HMe 03HaHaBa ,,He5KHa". Bt>3mo5kho e aa ca 6hjih cecTpn, aopn GjnoHaHKH.
h „pa6oTiijia MHoro" flyMaTa HMa 3HaHemie Ha Tpyn „#o m>jiHa yMopa".
h „IIepcHfla" ToBa 03HanaBa ..nepcHinca".
16:13 „Py(j)" ToBa HMe 03HaHaBa ..nepBeH" hjih ..nepBeHOKOc". B Phm e HMano H3BecTeH hobck Ha HMe PycJ)
(b5k. MapK 15:21). fl,ajiH TOBa e cbihhht hobck, He e cnrypHO, ho etc cnrypHOCT e bt>3mo5kho.
NASB „io6paH mvm b Tocnofla"
NKJV, NRSV „io6paHira b Tocnofla"
TEV „T03ii i«TBKHaT paSoTHiiK b EoacneTO cjiyacemie"
JB „i«6pan cjiyra Ha Tocnofla"
ToBa ce npeBe^a 6yKBajiHO ..roGpamia". TyK cbmecTBHTejiHOTO He ce oraaca caMO ao npH30BaBaHeTO
ot Bora, ho cbiho h #o cjry5KeHHeTO b 5KHBOTa My. Mainca My cbiho ce e oraacana kt>m IlaBeji c ronaMa
jno6oB.
16:14 „Epivia" ToBa e hmcto Ha 6o5KecTBO Ha KtcMeTa. Bhjio e mhoto bhcoko pa3npocTpaHeHO HMe 3a po6 b
rpiKO-pHMCKHa CB3T ot I BeK.
16:15 „bchhkh cbcthh" B>k. CnEiniAJIHO nOHJITHE: CBETHH kbm 1:7.
16:16 „CBHTa uejiyBKa" HaMa paHHH £OKa3aTejiCTBa koh koto nenyBa hjih Kb^e h Kora CTaBa TOBa. B
CHHaroraTa, hhhto (JiopMH 3a no3ApaB ce npoAtiracaBaT h b HbpKBaTa, Mi>5KeTe ca nejiyBajm Mi>5Ke no 6y3aTa,
a Hcemrre ca uenyBajiH 5Kemi (bjk. I Kop. 16:20; II Kop. 13:12; I Con. 5:26; I ITerbp 5:14). C Tenemie Ha
BpeMero no-KbCHO to3h bha no3apaB ce e npeBipHan b npoGneM 3a m>pKBaTa h e 6hji pa36npaH norpeniHO
ot BapBaiHHre, 3aTOBa e 6hji npeicpaTeH.
IJHTAT OT BBJirAPCKHfl IIPEBOfl BEPEH — 16:17-20
1' H a3 bh yMonaBaM, 6paTa, #a BHHMaBaTe Ha Te3H, kohto npHHHHaBar pa3nenjieHHa h npem>HKH
npoTHBHO Ha yneHneTO, KoeTO CTe HaynHjiH, h ce OTBp-binaHTe ot Tax. 1° 3amoTO TaKHBa xopa He cnyjKaT Ha
HaniHa TocnoA Hhcvc Xphctoc, a Ha KopeMa ch h ct>c cjia^KH jiyuu h KpacHBH penn npHjn>rBaT cipuaTa Ha
npocTO/iyinHHTe. 1" 3amoTO BaniaTa nocjiynraocT e H3BecTHa Ha bchhkh, 3aTOBa ce paABaM 3a Bac. Ho a3
HCKaM ff& 6i>AeTe HancTHHa mt>aph othocho Ao6poTO, a npocTH othocho 3jioto. ^ A Bor Ha MHpa CKopo me
CMa5Ke CaTaHa noa KparaTa bh. EjiaroaaTTa Ha Hanma Ibcnofl Hncyc Xphctoc aa 6i>Ae c Bac.
IJHTAT OT AHDIHHCKHfl IIPEBOfliVASB — 16:17-20
l^Now I urge you, brethren, keep your eye on those who cause dissensions and hindrances
contrary to the teaching which you learned, and turn away from them. l%or such men are slaves, not
of our Lord Christ but of their own appetites; and by their smooth and flattering speech they deceive
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the hearts of the unsuspecting. l^For ^e report of your obedience has reached to all; therefore I am
rejoicing over you, but I want you to be wise in what is good and innocent in what is evil. ^Oxhe God of
peace will soon crush Satan under your feet. The grace of our Lord Jesus be with you.
16:17 ToBa npe/rynpe5iyieHHe H3rjie5iyia caKain BHesaimo ce Bpa3Ba b KOHTeiccTa. B 17-18 ex HMa cnncbK c
TOBa KaKBO ca npaBHjm jrbJKeyHHTejnne.
• npHHHHHBajiH ca pa3Aopn
• nocTaBajiH ca ci>6jia3HH Ha nra Ha BapBannia
• noynaBajiH ca oGparao Ha yHemieTO Ha irtpicBaTa
• cny5KHjiH ca Ha cbohtc coGctbchh hh3kh aneTHTH
• noflMaMBanH ca cbpuara Ha Henofl03Hparn;HTe xopa etc cbohtc mhjih h jiacicaBH /ryMH
To3H cnncbK He e CBi>p3aH etc cjiaGnre h chjihhtc BapBanjH ot 14:1-15:13.
H jjOTBtpHeTe ce ot thx" ToBa e HMITEPATHB B J|,E5ITEJIEH 3AJlor, ceraniHO BpeMe. Ta3H TeMa ce noBTapa
(bjk. Taji. 1:8-9; II Coji. 3:6,14; II HoaH 10).
16:18
NASB, NRSV, TEV „TexHHre coSctbchii aneTirni"
NKJV „TexHHTe coSctbchii KopeMii"
NJB „THXHaTa coScTBeHa aiiHHOCT"
ToBa ce npeBe5iyia 6yKBajiHO KaTO ..KopeMn" (bjk. Ohji. 3:19; Tht 1:12). JIi>5Key x iHTejiHTe ca o6i>pHajiH
BCHHKO CnOpeA CBOHTe COGCTBeHH HH3KH HHTepecH.
H „ot TexHiiTe Qjiani ii .lackami avmh" JI-b^eynHTejiHTe necTO ca (J)H3HHecKH npHBjieKaTejiHH h HMaT
AHHaMHHHH xapaKTepH (bjk. Koji. 2:4). Hecro Te ca mhoto jioriraHH b CBoeTO npeACTaBaHe Ha HemaTa.
BHHMaBaHTe! HaKDH bi>3M05khh GnGjiencKH TeKCTOBe 3a pa3no3HaBaHe Ha jii^eyHHTejiH MoraT ^a ce
HaMepaTB-bB Brop. 13:1-5; 18:22; Mareii 7ra.; Ohji. 3:2-3, 18-19; I HoaH 4:1-6.
e „npiuiBrBaT cbpHara Ha Henofl03iipaimrre" ToBa e H35IBHTEJIHO HAKJIOHEHHE, flEilTEJlEH 3AJlor B
CEFAIUHO BPEME, KoeTO noKa3Ba npoAi>Ji>KaBama 3a6jry/ia. Te3H OHeBH/rHO hobh hjih HaHBHH BapBamn ca
6HJIHVa3BHMH („KOHTO He n03HaBaT 3JIOTO").
16:19 „iiainaia nocjiyuiHOCT CTaHa inBecraa Ha bciihkh hii" 3a TOBa ce cnoMeHaBa h b 1:8. ToBa e efl.ua
ot xHnepGojiHTe Ha IlaBeji.
H „6tfleTe Mtflpn... othocho floSpoTO, ii HeBiiHHii no OTHOuieraie Ha 3jioto" ToBa pecJtneKTHpa
noyneHHeTO Ha Hcyc (bjk. Mareii 10:16; JlyKa 10:3).
16:20 „EorbT Ha Miipa" Hy^ecHO HaHMeHOBaHHe 3a Bora (bjk. 15:33; II Kop. 13:16; Ohji. 4:9; I Coji. 5:23 h
E B p. 13:20).
H „CKopo me CMaace CaTaHa noa KpaKaTa bh" ToBa e ajno3na ki>m Birrae 3:15. Bpi>3KaTa Ha BapBanprre c
MecnaTa #aBa noGe/ia h Ha Tax (bjk. I HoaH 5:18-20). ToBa e cipaxoTHO oGemamie h OTroBopHOCT B to3h
KOHTeKCT CaTaHa CHMBOJiH3Hpa o6i>pKBaHeTO h pa3AejieHneTO npnHHHeHO ot jrtJKeyHHTejiHTe, KoeTO Kapa
irtpicBaTa aa 3ary6n KOHueHTpauHaTa ch Bi>pxy CBoeTO BejiHKO nopiHemie. 3aji jii^eyHHTejiHTe CToaT
^eMOHHHHHTe chjih! BjiaroBecTneTO o6ane pa3npi>CKBa rbMHHHaTa h 3jioto 3a OHe3H, kohto ro npneMaT h ro
5KHBeax 3a ao6i>p norjiea Bi>pxy Ta3H TeMa B5K. Three Crucial Questions About Spiritual Warfare, ot Clinton
E. Arnold.
| CnEmiAJHO noHATHE: JIHHHOCTHO 3JIO
ToBa e MHoro vpyjxaa Teivia no HaKOJiKO npHHHHH:
1 . CTapnaT 3aBeT He OTKpHBa orrpeaejieH apxHBpar Ha aoGpoTO, a e/rHH cjryra Ha YHWH, kohto
262
npe^Jiara ajiTepHaTirea Ha HOBenecTBOTO h ro o6BHHHBa b rpexoBHOCT.
2. IIpeACTaBaTa 3a jihhhoct apxHBpar Ha Bora ce pa3BHBa b Me5K/iy3aBeTHaTa HeicaHOHHHHa
jiHTepaTypa no# BjiHHHHeTO Ha nepcHHCicaTa pejiHraa (3opoacmpuaHcmeomo). ToBa, ot cboa
CTpaHa, 3HaHHTenHO noBjiroiBa Ha paBHHCKHH K>AaH3i>M.
3. Hobhht 3aBeT pa3BHBa TeMHTe ot CTapna 3aBeT b H3HeHaABamo tohhh, ho H36iipaTejiHH
KareropHH.
Ako HOBeK pa3rneAa yneHHeTO 3a 3jioto ot rjie/niaTa TCraca Ha GnGjieiiCKOTO GorocjiOBHe (BcaKa
KHHra, aBTop hjih 5KaHp H3yHeHH h H3Ji05KeHH nooT/iejiHo), ce OTKpHBaT MHoro pa3HHHHH me/puna 3a
3JIOTO.
Ako oGane hobck pasrne^a yHemieTO 3a 3jioto ot He-GnGjieiiCKHa hjih H3Bi>H-6H6jieHCKHJi no/ixoA
Ha CBeTOBHHTe hjih H3T0 x iHHTe pejmraH, me OTKpne, ne MHoro ot Hemara pa3BHTH b Hobhh 3aBeT ce
npeABemaBaT b nepcHHCKHa AyajiH3i>M h rpi>KO-pHMCKHJi cnHpHTH3i>M.
Ako no npe3yMnHHH hobck e nocBeTeH Ha 6o5KecTBeHHa aBTopHTeT Ha IlHcaHHJiTa, ToraBa
pa3BHTHeTO b Hobhh 3aBeT TpaGBa ^a Gt^e pa3rjie5iyiaHO KaTO nporpecHBHO OTKpoBeHHe.
XpncTHaHHTe ipaGBa aa ce na3JiT ot TOBa lOAeiiCKHHT (Jiojncjiop hjih 3ana«HaTa JiHTepaTypa (Hanp.
J\&wiq, Mhjiti>h) ^a onpe^eJiHT GnGjiencKara KOHuenuiDi. Ci>c cnrypHOCT Hina TainiCTBeHOCT h
HeacHOTa b Ta3H cijiepa Ha OTKpoBemieTO. Bor e roGpaji ^a He pa3KpnBa bchhkh acneKTH Ha 3jioto, Ha
HeroBHa npoH3xoA h HeroBaTa neji, ho e otkphji, ne HMa noGe^a HaA Hero!
B CTapiM 3aBeT jxym&T& "CaTaHa", hjih npoTHBHHKi>T, H3rjie5K/ia ce CBi>p3Ba c itjh pa3JiHHHH
rpynn
1. npoTHBHHim Ha xopaTa (I Uape 29:4; II U,ape 19:22; III U,ape 11:14,23,25; lie. 109:6)
2. npoTHBHHHH Ha aHrejiHTe (Hncjia 22:22-23; 3ax. 3:1)
3. npoTHBHHiiH Ha ^eMOHHTe (I JleT 21:1; III U,ape 22:21; 3ax. 13:2)
E^Ba b Me5K/iy3aBeTHHa nepnoA 3MHHTa ot EHrae 3 ra. ce OTb5KnecTBaBa etc CaTaHa (bjk. KHHra
Ha Mi>ApocTTa 2:23-24; II Ehox 31:3), h ^opn ome no-KbCHO TOBa CTaBa paBHHCKO TtjiicyBaHe (bjk.
Sot 9b h Sank. 29a). „CHHOBeTe Ha Bora" ot EHrae 6 rji. CTaBaT aHrejin b I Ehox 54:6. CnoMeHaBaM
TOBa He 3a ^a noAKpena HeroBaTa GorocjiOBCica tohhoct, a 3a ^a noKa5Ka pa3BHTneTO Ha TeMaTa. B
Hobhh 3aBeT Te3H ^encTBHa ot CTapna 3aBeT ca nproBaHH Ha aHrejiCKO, BinjiiTeHO 3jio (Hanp.
CaTaHa) bi>b II Kop. 11:3; Otkp. 12:9.
IIpOH3XOAI>T Ha OJIHIjeTBOpeHOTO 3JIO e MHOrO Tpy/jeH HJIH HeBI>3M05KeH (B 3aBHCHMOCT OT
rjie/niaTa bh TOHKa) ^a ce onpe^ejiH ot C3. E/nia ot npHHHHHre 3a TOBa e chjihhht MOHOTeH3i>M b
H3panji (bjk. Ill LJape 22:20-22; Ekji. 7:14; Hcaa 45:7; Amoc 3:6). Bchhkh npHHHHHO-cjieacTBeHH
Bpi>3KH ce npnnHCBar Ha YHWH, 3a #a ce AeMOHCTpnpa HeroBHTe yHHKajiHOCT h Bi>pxoBeHCTBO (bjk.
Hcaa 43:11; 44:6,8,24; 45:5-6,14,18,21,22).
H3TOHHHiiHTe Ha Bi>3M05KHa HH^opManiui ce KOHiieHTpHpaT Bi>pxy (1) Hob 1-2 ra., kb/k^to
CaTaHa e ejimi ot „CHHOBeTe Ha Bora" (Hanp. aHrejiHTe) hjih (2) Hcaa 14 ra.; E3eK. 28, kb/k^to
ropAHTe nape ot 6jih3khh h3tok (BaBHjiOH h Tnp) ca H3noji3BaHH, 3a aa ce HjnocipHpa ropaocTra Ha
CaTaHa (bjk. I Thm. 3:6). HMaM npoTHBopeHHBH nyBCTBa cnpaMO to3h noaxofl. E3eK. H3noji3Ba
MeTacJtopn ot E/ieMCKaTa rpa^HHa He caMO 3a uapa Ha Tnp KaTO CaTaHa (b>k. E3eK. 28:12-16), ho
Cbinp h 3a napa Ha EraneT icaro /TtpBOTO 3a no3HaBaHe Ha Ao6poTO h 3jioto (E3eK. 31 ra.). Hcaa 14
rji. OGane h no-KOHKpeTHO craxoBe 12-14, H3rjie5K/ia onncBar e/nio aHrejiCKO B-bCTamie npe3
rop^ocTTa. Ako Bor e ncicaji aa hh OTKpne cnenniJtHHHaTa npHpo^a h nporoxoa Ha CaTaHa, TOBa e
MHoro 3ao6HKOJieH HanHH h mscto ^a ro HanpaBH. TpaGBa ^a ce na3HM ot TeH^eHiiHaTa b
CHCTeMaTHHHOTO GOTOCJIOBHe && B3HMaMe MajIKH, HeaCHH HaCTH OT pa3JIHHHHTe 3aBeTH, aBTopn,
KHHra h 5KaHpoBe h ^a ra KOMGnmipaMe KaTO napneHiia ot e/niH 6o5KecTBeH ni>3eji.
AjiiJipeA E/iepineHM Ka3Ba, ne paBHHCKHaT K)AaH3i>M necTO npeKOMepHO ce Bjinae ot nepcHHCKHJi
AyajiH3i>M h AeMOHHHHH TeopHH (Alfred Edersheim, The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah, tom 2,
npHji05KeHHH XIII [cTp. 748-763] h XVI [cTp. 770-776]). PaBHHHTe He ca ao6i>p h3tohhhk Ha HCTHHa
b Ta3H oGjiacT Hcyc pa^HKajiHO ce OTKjioiwBa ot noyneHHaTa b CnHaroraTa. CMaTaM, ne paBHHCKaTa
KOHiieniiHa 3a aHrejiCKOTO nocpeAHHnecTBO h npoTHBonocTaBaHe Ha aaBaHeTO Ha 3aKOHa Ha MoiiceH
Ha njiaHHHaTa CnHaii e OTBopnjia BpaTHTe 3a emm apxaHrejiCKH Bpar Ha YHWH, KaKTO h Ha
HOBenecTBOTO. Jlpara bi>pxobhh 6ora Ha npaHCKHa (3opoacTpHHCKHa) ayajiH3i>M ca Ahkiman h
Ormaza, ^o6poTO h 3jioto, h to3h AyajiH3i>M ce e pa3BHji b lOAencKH orpaHHneH AyajiH3i>M Ha YHWH
h CaTaHa.
Ctc cnrypHOCT b Hobh3 3aBeT HMa nporpecHBHO OTKpoBeHHe mo ce OTHaca ao pa3BHTHeTO Ha
3jioto, ho to He e TOJiKOBa noApoGHO, kojikoto tbi>pa>it paBHHHTe. IIpHMep 3a Ta3H pa3JiHKa e
„BoiiHaTa b HeGecaTa". na^eHHeTO Ha CaTaHa e jioranecKa h6o6xoahmoct, ho He ca aaaeHH
263
KOHKpeTHH noApoGHOCTH. ,Q,opH Ka3aHOTO e oGbhto b anoKajiHnTHHHHa 5KaHp (b5k. Otkp. 12:4,7,12-
13). MaKap aa e noGeaeH h H3npaTeH b H3raaHHe Ha 3eMHTa, CaTaHa Bee naic paGora KaTO cnyra Ha
YHWH (jsm. Maron 4:1; JIy K a 22:3 1-32; I Kop. 5:5; I Thm. 1 :20).
Tpa6Ba ^a o6y3AaeM jhoGohhtctboto ch b Ta3H oGnacx HMa jiHHHOCTHa cnna Ha H3KymeHHeTO h
3jioto, ho Bee naK HMa caMO emm Bor h hobchcctboto Bee ome e oiroBopHO 3a CBOHTe H36opn. HMa
ayxoBHa GnTKa h npe^H, h cjiea cnaceHHeTO. noGeaaTa M05Ke aa /joH^e h #a ocTaHe b h npe3
TpneAHHHHa Bor. 3jioto e 6hjio noGe/ieHO h me Gt^e npeMaxHaTO !
h „6jiaroflaTTa Ha Hauiiia Tocnoa Hcyc XpiiCTOC m 6tfle c Bac". ToBa e mhoto necro H3non3BaH
3aBT.pmeK ot naBeji (Bac. I Kop. 16:23; II Kop. 13:14; laji. 6:18; Ohji. 4:23; Koji. 4:18; I Coji. 5:28; II Coji.
3:18 h ci>iho b Otkp. 22:21). Haii-BepoaTHO e 6hjio HanncaHO ot coGcTBeHaTa My ptica. ToBa e 6hjio HanHH
3a noTBT>p5iyiaBaHe Ha nncMaTa My (bjk. II Con. 3:17; I Kop. 16:21; Koji. 4:18).
IPITAT OT EBJILAPCKHJI IIPEBOfl BEPEH — 16:21
^ IIo3ApaBaBaT bh most ci>pa6oTHHK Thmotch h MOHTe cpoAHHHH JlyKHH, ilcoH h Cocnnarbp.
IJHTAT OT AHDIHHCKHfl HVEBORNASB — 16:21
21 Timothy my fellow worker greets you, and so do Lucius and Jason and Sosipater, my kinsmen.
16:21-23 Te3H cthxobc ca nocnenHC. CtpaGoTHHuirre Ha IlaBeji b Kophht H3npamaT CBOHTe no3ApaBH.
16:21 „JIyKiii"i" ToBa M05Ke #a e 6hji (1) jieicapaT Jlyica (bjk. Koji. 4:14), hjih e bi>3mo5kho #a e 6hjio hahom
3a „bhcoko o6pa30BaH hobck"; (2) KHpeHeeixbT JlyuHH (bjk. JXesmwt 13:1); hjih (3) hch3bcctch xphcthhhhh.
H „JIcoh" BepoaTHO TOBa e .Hcoh b hhhto Kbina IlaBeji OTca/ia b CojryH (bjk. ^eamra 17:5-9).
H „CocnnaTbp" Bepoarao TO3h mi>5k e GepamnrbT CocHnarbp ot J{esmwi 20:4.
IJHTAT OT EBJILAPCKHfl nmBORBEPEH — 16:22
^ A3, TepTHH, kohto Hanncax TOBa nncMO, bh no3ApaB3BaM b rocno^a.
IJHTAT OT AHDIHHCKHfl HVEBORNASB — 16:22
2^1, Tertius, who write this letter, greet you in the Lord.
16:22 „A3, TepTnii, kohto Hanncax TOBa nocjiaHiie" IlaBeji e H3noji3Baji nncap (amanuensis), 3a aa nnnie
MHoro ot nocjiamuiTa ch (bjk. I Kop. 16:21; Taji. 6:11; Koji. 4:18; II Coji. 3:17). H3rjie5iyia IlaBeji e HMaji
npoGjieMH c ohhtc h He e mojkcji #a nnnie c Ape6eH, c6ht nipH(J)T, 3a #a cnecTH Macro Ha jiHCTa nannpyc
HJIH K05KCHHJI CKpiCKajI (bjk. ran. 6:18)!
IJHTAT OT BBJILAPCKHfl IIPEBOfl BEPEH — 16:23-24
-" IIo3ApaBaBa bh Tail, rocTonpHeMHHK Ha mch h Ha uajiaTa irbpKBa. IIo3npaBaBa bh rpancKHHT
kobhokhhk EpacT h 6paT KBapx 24 (EjiaronaTra Ha Hanina Ibcnon Hncyc Xphctoc na 6i>ne c bchhkh Bac.
Amhh.)
IJHTAT OT AHEJIHHCKHfl IIPEBOfl NASB — 16:23-24
23Gaius, host to me and to the whole church, greets you. Erastus, the city treasurer greets you, and
Quartus, the brother. 24 [The grace o f our Lord J esus Christ be with you all. Amen.]
16:23 „raH" ToBa M05Ke na e 6hji (1) Tail Tht K)ct ot Jlesnnw 18:7; (2) Tail ot JlepBiw (bjk. Jlexmw 19:29;
264
20:4; I Kop. 1:14); hjih (3) Tail ot III HoaH 1 ex
H „rocTonpneMHiiK Ha mch ii Ha HHjiaTa HtpKBa" Tcrna e 6hjio rocTonpneMCTBOTO Hy5KHO b m>pKBaTa.
Hjikdh BapBamn c bt>3mo5khocth ca noKaHBajin irtTyBaiHH xphcthhhckh nponoBeAHHini ^a OTca/iaT h ^a ce
xpamiT npn Tax. IBtkoh, KaTO to3h mt>3k, cbiho ca OTBapajin ^OMOBeTe ch ca cpenni h cbGnpaHHa.
J],OManiHHTe ht>pkbh ca 6hjih HopMaTa noBene ot cto toakhh. Bjk. CnEL[HAJIHO IIOHilTHE: ITJ>PKBATA
(EKKLESIA) kbm 16:1.
H „rpaflCKiiHT KOBHeacHiiK EpacT" Ton ci>mo ce cnoMeHaBa b Jlpumvi 19:22; II Thm. 4:20. H toh e HMan
ni>TyBamo cnyaceHne, CBi>p3aHO c IlaBeji.
H „KBapT" ToBa naTHHCKO HMe 03HaHaBa ..hctb-bpth". BepoaTHO e 6hji 6paT Ha TepraH, kocto Ha naTHHCKH
03HaHaBa „TpeTH" (bjk. ct. 22).
16:24 To3H cthx He npncbCTBa b paHHHTe rp-bUKH pi>KonHCH p46,61 ^ a, g q h 0150. Cpema ce b hhkoh
rpmKH piKonHCH cneA 16:23, a b apyrn - cneA 16:27. OneBH/iHO He e opHrHHajn>T ot IlaBeji. Toft e
nponycHar b hhkoh npeBOflH - NASB, NRSV, TEV h NJB. B UBS^ HeroBOTO nponycKaHe e OTGejuoaHO
KaTO ..enrypHo" (A). ToBa e onm 3a 3aBi>pineK Ha nocnamieTO h e CBi>p3aHO c npoGneivia Ha 3aKpHBamoTO
cnaBocnoBHe, KoeTO ce HaMnpa b Kpaa Ha 14, 15, h 16 rnaBH b pa3HHHHH rp-bUKH TeKCTOBe.
HHTAT OT EBJITAPCKHJI IIPEBOfl B£P£W — 16:25-27
25 A Ha To3H, kohto M05Ke fl& bh yTBT>p£H cnopeA MoeTO GnaroBecTHe h nponoBa/iBaHeTO 3a Hncyc
XpncTOC, cnopeA OTicpHBaHeTO Ha TaimaTa, kojito e Gnna npeMiiraaBaHa ot BeHHH BpeMeHa, 26 a cera ce e
aBHjia h npe3 npoponecKHTe IlHcaHHJi cnope/i 3anoBeATa Ha BeHHHH Bor e Gnna H3BecTeHa Ha BCHHKHTe
HapoflH 3a noKopaBaHeTO hm Ha BapaTa, 2 ' H a qjxkhmh npeM-b/rtp Bor n& Gt^e cnaBa npe3 Hhcvc Xphctoc 3a
BeHHH BeKOBe. Amhh.
HHTAT OT AHTJIHHCKHfl TimBORNASB — 16:25-27
^^Now to Him who is able to establish you according to my gospel and the preaching of Jesus
Christ, according to the revelation of the mystery which has been kept secret for long ages past, 26but
now is manifested, and by the Scriptures of the prophets, according to the commandment of the
eternal God, has been made known to all the nations, leading to obedience of faith; ^to the only wise
God, through Jesus Christ, be the glory forever. Amen.
16:25-27 Ha rp-bUKH TOBa e e/nio ropenemie. ToBa GjiarocjiOBemie ce cpema h b icpaa Ha rnaBa 14 h rnaBa
15. To3H KOHTeKCT e noBTopemie Ha ocHOBmrre TeMH Ha KHHraTa, KoeTO Bepoarao e HanncaHO ot caMHa
IlaBeji.
HaKOH CMHTaT, ne TOBa cnaBocnoBHe M05Ke Aa e 6hjio
a. npHApysKaBamo nncMO 3a nepHO/nmHOTO nncMO ao eijiecamrTe
b. 3a xopaTa no m>Ta 3a Phm, 3amoTO
1 . IlaBeji HHKora He e nocemaBan Phm, a no3ApaB3Ba ABa/ieceT h niecT HOBeKa
2. rnaBa 16 e mpBOTO cnoMeHaBaHe Ha jn>5KeyHHTejiHTe
3. TOBa cjiaBocnoBHe ce cpema b rp-bUKHTe p-bKonncH Ha hhkojtko pa3JiHHHH MecTa.
Bt>3mo5kho e cbiho IlaBeji ^a e HanpaBHji jipe Konna, rnaBH 1-14 #o Phm, rnaBH 1-16 no E(J)ec.
OGHKHOBeHO OTrOBOpiT Ha Te3H TBip/ieHHa HflBa OT (1) (JiaKTa, He MHOrO OT Te3H paHHH XpHCTHHHCKH
pa6oTHHiiH ca m>TyBajiH; (2) (JiaKTa, ne mma rpiinoi p-bKonnc Ha Phmjihhh 6e3 16 rn. h (3) BT>3M05KHOCTTa b
14:1-15:13 #a ce 3araTBa 3a ji-b^eyHHTejin.
16:25 „Ha To3h, kohto Moace" Eto ome e/mo npeKpacHO Ha3Bamie 3a Bora, KoeTO ce H3non3Ba Tpn m>TH b
Hobh3 3aBeT (bjk. Ecjtec. 3:20; lO^a 24 ct).
3a6ene5KeTe KaK Bor ji$b& cnjia Ha BapBamHTe.
a. 6naroBecTHeTO Ha IlaBeji
265
b. nponoBenra 3a Hcyc XpncTOC
c. OTKpHBaHeTO Ha Bo5khji BeneH nnaH 3a cnacemie, kohto e 6hji na3eH b TaiiHa
BapBamirre nonynaBaT cnjia ot no3HaBaHeTO Ha GnaroBecTnem Cera TOBa GnarocnoBemie e HanpaBeHO
nocrbmio 3a bchhkh!
H „TaiiHaTa" Bor HMa ennmia nen 3a H3KynneHHe Ha HOBenecTBOTO, kosto nopn e npenmecTBana
nanemieTO (bjk. Birrae 3 rn.). 3araTBaHiui 3a to3h nnaH ce pa3KpHBaT b C3 (bjk. Birrae 3:15; 12:3; H3xon
19:5-6 h yHHBepcajiHHTe naca5Kn b npoponirre). To3n nanocTeH nnaH oGane He e 6hji aceH (bjk. I Kop. 2:6-
8). C wiBaHeTO Ha Hcyc h flyxa toh 3anonBa na CTaBa no-oneBHneH. naBen H3noji3Ba nyMaTa „ TaiiHa", 3a na
onnme to3h nanocTeH H3KynnTejieH nnaH (bjk. I Kop. 4:1; Eijiec. 2:11-3:13; 6:19; Koji. 4:3; I Thm. 1:9). Toft
ro H3noii3Ba b hhkojiko pa3nn T iHH CMHCBJia:
1. HacTHHHO 3aTBi>pA>iBaHe Ha Hspanji, 3a na MoraT na GtnaT bkjuohchh e3H x iHHniiTe. ToBa
HaniecTBHe ot c3hhhhiih me paGora KaTO MexaHrotM 3a TOBa eBpenre na npneMaT Hcyc KaTO
XpncTOC ot npoponecTBOTO (bjk. Phmji. 11:25-32).
2. BjiaroBecTneTO e 6hjio roaBeHO Ha Haponnre, KaTO bchhkh ca BKmoHemi b XpncTOC h npe3
XpncTOC (bjk. Phmji. 16:25-27; Koji. 2:2).
3. HoBHTe Tejia Ha BapBanniTe npn BropoTO npninecTBHe (bjk. I Kop. 15:5-57; I Coji. 4: 13-18).
4. 06o6maBaHeTO na bchhkh Hema b XpncTOC (bjk. Ecjtec. 1:8-11).
5. E3HHHHiiHTe h eBpeHTe ca CbHacnenminii (bjk. Eijiec. 2:11-3:13).
6. Hhthmhoct Ha Bpi>3KaTa Me5icny XpncTOC h nbpKBaTa, KoeTO e oGacHeHa c Gpanmi TepMHHH
(bjk. Eijtec. 5:22-33).
7. E3HHHHiiHTe ca BKjiiOHeHH b Hapona Ha 3aBeTa h b Tax 5KHBee Xphctobhst nyx, 3a na npon3Bene
xpncTononoGHa 3pajiocT - T.e. na bi>3o6hobh GpanHiui o6pa3 Ha Bora b cbrpenrajraa HOBeniKH
pon (bjk. BnTHe 6:5, 11-13; 8:21), Ha EoraB HOBeica (bjk. Bhthc 1:26-27; 5:1; 9:6; Koji. 1:26-28).
8. AnraxpHcrbT ot nocnenmiTe BpeMeHa (bjk. II Coji. 2:1-11).
9. OGoGmemie ot pamiaTa irbpKBa no noBon TainiaTa HMa b I Thm. 1:16.
16:26 „cera e iOHBeHa" Ta3H TaiiHa hjih Eo5kh njiaH cera e 6njia jicho OTKpnra Ha ujijioto hobchcctbo.
ToBae GjiaroBecTHeTO Ha Hcyc XpncToc (bjk. Eijiec. 2:11-3:13).
H „n npe3 IIiicaHiiHTa" Bor e otkphji Ta3n TaiiHa b jiHHHOCTra h neiicTBiiJiTa Ha Hcyc. ToBa e 6hjio
npenpeneHO ot CTapo3aBeTHHTe npoponii. ToBa ycTaHOBjreaHe Ha HOB03aBeTHaTa nbpKBa ciCTaBeHa ot
BapBanni eBpen h esHHrnmn BHHarn e 6nna Bo5KHa njiaH (bjk. Bhthc 3:15; 12:3; H3xon 19:5-6; EpeM. 31:31-
34).
h „BeHHiiH Bor" B>k. CnEU,HAJIHO ITOHilTHE no-nony.
I CnELtHAJIHO nOHflTHE: BEHEH
Po6i>pT T-bpntJiCToyH npaBH HHrepeceH KOMeHTap Ha nyMaTa „Be x ieH":
„npHjiaraTejiHOTO aidnios ce H3noji3Ba Han 40 m>TH b H3 no OTHomemie Ha eemun Jtcueom,
kohto ce CMaTa OTnacTH 3a nonapi>K b HacraameTO h oinacTH KaTO oGemamie 3a 6i>neiHeTO.
H3noji3Ba ce cbiho 3a Eo5KneTO BenHO ci>mecTByBaHe Phmji. 16:26; no BenHaTa TeacecT Ha
Xphctoboto H3KynjieHHe b EBpen 9:12, 13:20; h no MHHann BpeMeHa b PnMn. 16:25, II TnMOTeii
1:9, Tht1:2.
Ta3H nyMa ce H3non3Ba 3a eennun Jtcueom, MaTeii 18:8,25,41, K)na 7 ct; 3a eemomo
HciKCBcmue, MaTeii 25:46; 3a eeunomo ochJtcdettue, Mapic 3:29, EBp. 6:2; 3a eemomo
pci3pyweHue, II Con. 1:9. flyMaTa b Te3H naca5Kn 3araTBa 3a enna OKOtmame.mocm h oneBHnHO
noica3Ba, ne roraBa, KoraTO TOBa OTCi>5KnaHe 6i>ne HanpaBeHO, BpeMeTO 3a H3nnTBaHe, npoMaHa
nnn maHC 3a B-bSBpimaHe Ha GoraTCTBOTO Ha HOBeKa me 6i>ne CBi>pmHno H3iiano n 3aBHHarn.
Pa36npaMe mhoto ManKO 3a 6i>nemeTO, othocho Bpi>3KaTa Ha HOBennoui jkhbot c ocTaHanoTO ot
ci>mecTByBaHHeTO, KaKTO h 3a MopanHaTa Te5KecT Ha HeBepneTO, cnopen TOBa KaK to ce
pa3rae5Kna b CBeTnnHaTa Ha BenHOCTTa. Ako, ot enHa CTpaHa, e norpenmo na ce npnGaBa ki>m
Bo5KneTO cnoBO, ot npyra Hne He Tpa6Ba h na OTHeMaMe ot Hero. Ako ce KnarymicaMe non
noKTpnHaTa 3a BenHO HaKa3aHHe, KaKTO t% e nocTaBeHa b nHcaHiMTa, TpaGBa na ce 3anoBonHM na
266
naicaMe, KaTO ce npH/ri>p}KaMe kt>m Eo5KHHTa jtk>6ob b Xphctoc, AOKaTO 0CT>3HaBaMe, ne Hiia
tbmho oGcToaTencTBO, KoeTO He M05KeM fl,a cxBaHeM" (Robert B. Girdlestone, Synonyms of the
Old Testament, CTp. 318-319).
e „e CTaHajia no3Hara Ha bciihkii Hapoflii" Tcrna e (JiopMa 3a MHHAJIO nPHHACTHE B CTPAflATEJlEH 3AJlor.
IIocTaBeHa e nocne/rHa b rp-bHKOTO ropenemie, 3a ce HaGnerae Ha Hero. Bor e npeACTaBHji CBoeTO
npeAH05KeHHe 3a GnaroBecTHeTO Ha nenroi cbat, KoeTO e 6hjio Hejrra My npe3 hjijioto BpeMe (bjk. EHrae
3:15)!
H
NASB „Kamo zu eodu kbm noKopaBaHe Ha BapaTa"
NKJV „3a noKopaBaHe Ha BapaTa",
NRSV „BOflii flo noKopaBaHe Ha BapaTa"
TEV „KaTO ni bqhh kbm noKopaBaHe Ha BapaTa"
JB „3a aa ni flOBeae ao noKopaBaHe Ha BapaTa"
Hivia pa3HHHHH HanHHH 3a pa36npaHe Ha Te3H (Jipa3a. Ta M05Ke aa ce OTHaca ao (1) AOKipHHaTa 3a
XpncTOC, (2) ynoBaHHeTO b Xphctoc hjih (3) noKopcTBO Ha GnaroBecTHeTO, Kaicro OTHanajiOTO, TaKa h cneA
TOBa. IIoKopcTBOTO TpaGBa pa ce KOMGnmipa GorocnoBCKH c KOHHenHjuiTa 3a noKaamie h Bapa (bjk. MapK
1:15; fleams 3:16,19; 20:21).
16:27 „efliiHiia npeMtfltp Bor" ToBa e ajno3HH kt>m MOHOTeroMa (bjk. Btop. 6:4-5). Xphcthhhctboto HMa
caMO emm Bor, tohho KaKTO KwaroMa, ho 3a pa3HHKa ot Hero m>jiHaTa 6o5KecTBeHOCT Ha Hcyc h
uanocTHaTa jihhhoct Ha flyxa hh ji$b&t „TpHe/rHHCTBo", Tponna.
h „aa Stfle cjiasa ao BeKa" Bjk. 6ene5KicaTa 3a 3:23.
h „aMHH" B>k. CnEi],HAJiHO noHiiTHE k-bm 1:25.
BBIIPOCH 3A OBCtaCflAHE
To3h KOMeHTap e caMO p^kobojctbo 3a H3yHaBaHe. ToBa 03HaHaBa, ne Bne caMH HOCHTe OTroBopHOCT 3a
HanHHa, no kohto TbjiKyBaTe BnGjinaTa. BceKH ot Hac Tpa6Ba ^a xo/th b CBeTjiHHaTa, KoaTO My e Aa/ieHa.
UpHopHTeT npn HHTepnpeTaiiHaTa CTe caMHHT BHe, BaniaTa EhGjthh h Cb6thht JJyx. He 6nBa #a
npexBipjiaTe Ta3H OTroBopHOCT Ha kohto h %a e KOMeHTaTop.
HacToaniHTe Binpocn 3a o6eb5iyiaHe HenaT ^a bh no/rnoMoraaT ^a o6mhcjiht6 ocHOBHHTe TeMH b to3h
pa3Aen Ha nocjiaHHem Hejrra hm e aa npe/noBHKaT mhcjih, a He aa aaaaT KpaimH OTroBopn.
1 . OTKt/ie e no3HaBan IlaBeji bchhkh Te3H xopa ot irtpKBaTa b Phm, cne# KaTO HHKora He e 6hji TaM?
2. HMa jih GnGneHCKH AOKa3aTencTBa 3a 5KeHH a^kohh (bjk. 16:1; I Thmot6h3:11; 5:3-16)?
3. KaKBO e 3HaHeHHeTO Ha TOBa, ne b Ta3H rnaBa ca rope/jemi TonKOBa mhoto 5KeHH?
4. OnnnieTe MeTO/ncre h nocnaHHeTO Ha jrbJKeyHHTejiHTe (ct. 17-18).
267
IltPBO nPHJIOaCEHHE
KPATKO OnHCAHHE
HA TPtlJKHTE TPAMATHHECKH
TEPMHHH
rp-bllKHHT ..KOHHe ", HeCTO HapHHaH CblHO ejIHHHCTHHeH rpiIIKH, e oGlHHaT e3HK Ha CpeAH3eMHOMOpCKHH
cbht ot BpeMeTO Ha 3aBoeBaHHHTa Ha AjieKcaH/rtp BenHKH (336-323 r. np. Xp.) b npoAtiraceHHe Ha
oceMCTOTHH roAHHH cneA TOBa (300 r. np. Xp. - 500 r. en. Xp.). Toft He e caMO onpocTeH KjiacHHecKH
rpi>HKH e3HK, a b mhoto OTHomemui e HOBa (Jiopivia Ha rp-bUKna, kosto ce npeBp-bina bt>b BTopna e3HK Ha
6jIH3KHa H3TOK H Cpe/HGeMHOMOpHeTO B ^peBHOCTTa.
HOB03aBeTHHHT rpT>HKH e3HK e yHHKajieH B MHOTO OTHOineHHa, 3aiIIOTO aBTOpHTe My, C H3KJTfOHeHHe Ha
JlyKa h aBTop'BT Ha EBpen, BepoaTHO ca H3non3BajiH apaMeiicKHa KaTO ocHOBeH e3HK. 3aTOBa h TeKCTOBeTe
hm ca noBjiHHHH ot H^HOMHTe h CTpyKTypHHTe (JiopMH Ha apaMeiiCKHa e3HK. Te ebino TaKa neTaT h njrrapaT
CemyarHHTa (rp-bniuia npeBOA Ha CTapna 3aBeT), kohto cbiho e HanncaH Ha Koinre. CenTyarHHTa oGane e
nncaH ot eBpeiiCKH yneHH, hhhto MaftHHH e3HK He e rp-bUKna.
C TOBa HCKaM R& Ka5Ka, ne He mojkcm aa onaKBaMe aa HaiviepHM CTpoiiHa rpaMaTHnecKa CTpyKTypa b
Hobhs 3aBeT E3hkbt My e ymncaneH, ho HMa mhoto o6mo etc: (1) CenTyarHHTa; (2) KweiiCKHTe nncamia,
KaTO HanpnMep Hocncji; n (3) nannpycHTe, HaMepeHH b EraneT. KaK ToraBa M05KeM #a HanpaBHM
rpaMaTHneH aHanH3 Ha HoBHa 3aBeT?
TpaMaTHHecKHTe CBoiicTBa Ha Koinie h HOB03aBeTHHa KoiiHe ca npoMeHjiHBH. ToBa e BpeMe, b KoeTO
rpaMaTHKaTa ce onpocTaBa. KoHreKcrbT e ocHOBeH BO^em 3HaK 3a Hac. flyMnre ca 3HaHeiHH caMO b emm
no-ronaM kohtckct h 3aTOBa rpaMaTHnecicaTa CTpyKTypa M05Ke #a ce pa36epe e/niHCTBeHO b CBeTjiHHaTa Ha:
(1) CTHjia Ha KOHKpeTHHa aBTop h (2) onpe^ejieHHa koht6kct. He mojkcm ^a npaBHM KpaiiHH saKjuoHemia 3a
rp-bUKHTe (JtopMH h CTpyKTypn.
KoiiHe e npe^HMHO ycTeH e3HK. HecTO kjhoh-bt 3a pa36npaHeTO My e bh/tbt h (JiopMaTa Ha rnarojiHTe. B
noBeneTO rnaBHH ropenemia rjiarojn>T e nocTaBeH Ha m>pBO Macro, Koero noKa3Ba 3Ha x fflMOCTra My. Koraro
aHanH3HpaMe rp-bnioia raaroji, TpaGBa aa HMaMe npeflBH/i Tpn ochobhh He ma: (1) ocHOBaTa Ha CTpyKTypaTa
KaTO BpeMe, 3ajior h HaKjiOHeHne (b ynoTpeGa hjih Mopcjtojioraa); (2) ochobhoto 3HaHeHHe Ha KOHKpeTHHa
rnaroji (jieKCHKOJioraa); h (3) xojia Ha penTa h KOHTCKCTa (cHHTaKcnc).
I. BPEME
A. BpeMeTO npe^CTaBa OTHOineHHeTO Ha EJIAroJIHTE kt>m ^eiiCTBHeTO no OTHoniemie 3aBT>pmeHOCT h
npoAtJi>KHTejiHOCT. HecTO TOBa ce Hapiraa „nep(J)eKr" h „HMnep<j)eKT".
1. IlepiJieKTHHTe BpeMeHa roBopaT 3a cnynBaHero Ha ^eiicTBHeTO. He hh ce jiasa HHKaKBa
AomnHHTejiHa HHcJiopMaiina, ocbch ne Hemp ce e cnynHjio! He ce roBopn 3a HananoTO,
npoAtJi>KHTejiHOCTTa hjih KyjiMHHaiiHaTa Ha ^eiiCTBHeTO.
2. HMnepcJteKTHHTe BpeMeHa ce (jiOKycnpaT Bipxy npoAtJi>KaBamoTO AencTBne. ToBa M05Ke ji& ce
onrane Kara jiHHeapHO cbGnnie, npoAtJi>KHTejiHO Aeno, nporpecnBHO ^encTBHe h ^p.
B. BpeMeHaTa MoraT aa ce KaTeropronpaT cnopea BT>3rjiefla Ha aBTopa no OTHoniemie Ha
npoAtJi>KHTejiHOCTTa Ha ^eiicTBHeTO
1 . CjryHHjio ce e = AOPHCT
2. CjryHHjio ce e h pe3yjiTaTHTe ca b ^eiicTBHe = nEPOEKT
3. CnyHBajio ce e b MHHanoTO h pe3yjiTaTHTe ca 6hjih b ^eiicTBHe, ho Bene He ca = nnynEPOEKT
4. CnyHBa ce = nPE3EHT
5. CnyHBajio ce e = HMnEPOEKT
6. me ce cnyHH = (DYTYP
KaK Te3H BpeMeHa 6nxa hh noMoraajiH npn TbjiKyBaHHeTO, M05KeM ^a bh/ihm c KOHKpeTHHa
npHMep Ha rjiarona „cnacaBaM". Ton ce H3noji3Ba b HaKOJiKO pa3JiHHHH BpeMeHa, 3a ^a noKa5Ke h
268
npoueca, h H3m>jiHeHHeTO My.
1. AOPHCT - „cnaceH" (b>k. Phmji. 8:24)
2. nEPOEKT - ..cnaceH h pe3yjiTaTi>T npoai>ji5KaBa" (bjk. Ecjiec. 2:5,8)
3. nPE3EHT - „cnacaBa ce" (b>k. I Kop. 1:18; 15:2)
4. OYTyp - „me ce cnacn" (bjk. Phmji. 5:9, 10; 10:9)
Koraxo pa3rjie5K#aT BpeMeHaTa Ha rJlAroJlHTE, KDMeHTaTopnTe TtpcaT npHHHHaTa aBTopu #a
H36epe tohho Aa/ieHO KOHKpeTHO BpeMe b TeiccTa. Ochobhoto BpeMe Ha raarojia e AOPHCT. Toft e
„HecneiiH(J)HiiHpaHaTa", „HeMapKHpaHa", „HenocoHeHa" (JiopMa Ha TJlAroJlA. Ta M05Ke aa ce
H3noji3Ba c MH05KecTBO (JiymcHHH, kohto CTaBaT acHH ot KOHTeKCTa. Ta Ka3Ba npocro, ne Hemo ce e
cjiyHHjio. AcneKTbT Ha MHHano BpeMe caMO ce MapKnpa c H35JBHTEJIHOTO HAKJIOHEHHE. Ako ce
H3noji3Ba apyro BpeMe, 3HaHH uejrra #a ce HaGnerae Ha Hemo KOHKpeTHO. Ho KaKBO?
1. nEPOEKT. IIoKa3Ba 3aBi>pineHO ^eiicTBHe c pe3yjiTaTH b ^eiicTBHe. B Qjxtm cmhcbji TOBa e
KOM6HHan,HH ot AOPHCT h nPE3EHT. OGnKHOBeHO (J)OKyci>T e Bipxy pe3yjiTaTa hjih
3aBi>pniBaHeTO Ha ^eiiCTBHeTO. IIpHMep: Ecjtecami 2:5 h 8: „BHe CTe 6hjih cnaceHH h cera CTe
cnaceHH."
2. IlJiynEPOEKT. IIoao6ho Ha nEPOEKT, c Ta3H pa3jnnca, ne pe3yjiTaTHTe Bene He ca b aeiicTBHe.
IIpHMep: „IIeT-bp CToeine bt>h ro BpaTaTa" (HoaH 18: 16).
3. IIPE3EHT. IIpeAaBa He3aBi>piiieHO AeiiCTBHe. ®OKyci>T o6hkhob6ho e Bi>pxy npoAtiracaBaHeTO Ha
cnyHBamoTO ce. IIpHMep: „Hhkoh, kohto ctoh b Hero, He ci>rpeinaBa" h „hhkoh, kohto e po/i ot
Bora, He BipniH rpax" (I HoaH 3:6 h 9).
4. HMnEPOEKT. B TOBa BpeMe OTHomemieTO kbm nPE3EHT e Comoro, KaKBOTO e MesK/iy nEPOEKT
h nJiynEPOEKT. HMnEPOEKT npeaaBa hjih He3aBi>piiieHO aeiiCTBHe, KoeTO ce e cjiyHBajio, ho
cera e cnpajio, hjih HanajiOTO Ha HjncaKBO ^eiiCTBHe b MHHajiOTO. npHMep: „ToraBa H3JiH3aine
npn Hero EpycajiHM" hjih „ToraBa EpycajiHM 3anoHHa aa H3jiH3a npn Hero" (MaT 3:5).
5. OyTYP. npe^aBa ^eiiCTBHe, 3a KoeTO ce onaicBa ^a ce cjiynn b Gt^em MOMenr cnpaMO
roBopeHeTO. To roBopn noBene 3a bi>3mo5khoct Hemo ^a ce cjiynn, otkojikoto 3a cnrypHOCT
HecTO oGane npeaaBa yBepeHOCT. npHMep: „Ejia5KeHH ca... kohto..." (MaT 5:4-9).
II. 3AJIOr
A. 3ajion>T onncBa OTHOineHHeTO Me5K/iy ^eiiCTBHeTO Ha TJIAroJIA h HeroBHH YlOJ\JlOT.
B. AKTHBHH3T 3AJTOr e HopMajiHHaT, onaKBaH, HeMapiaipaH HaHHH %a ce nocoHH, ne no^JiorbT BipniH
AeiicTBHeTo Ha TJlAroJlA.
C. IIachbhhjit 3AJior nocoHBa, ne no/yiortT npneMa Bi.pxy ce6e ch AeiicTBHeTo Ha TJlAroJlA,
H3Bi>pnieHO ot BiHineH areHT. To3h BiHineH areHT b HOB03aBeTHHH rpi>HKH ce nocoHBa ot cjie^HHTe
nPEflJT03H h na^e^n:
1. jinneH npaK areHT npe3 hupo c AEJIATHB (bjk. MaT 1:22; JJ,eaH. 22:30).
2. jinneH nocpeACTBam areHT npe3 diet c AEJIATHB (bjk. MaT 1 :22).
3. 6e3JiHHeH areHT o6hkhob6ho npe3 en c HHCTPyMEHTAJI.
4. noHaKora h jinneH, h 6e3JiHHeH areHT caMO npe3 HHCTPyMEHTAJI.
D. cpejj;eh 3AJior 03HaHaBa, ne no^JiorT>T H3Bi>pniBa aeiicTBHeTo Ha TJlAroJlA h ci>mo e /nipeKrao
BKjnoHeH b ^eiiCTBHeTO Ha TJlAroJlA. Hecro ce HapHHa 3ajior Ha noBHinemtti jmneH HHTepec. Ta3H
KOHCTpyKHHH no^epTaBa no HjncaKbB HanHH noJT,JIorA b ropeHeHHeTO. B aHrjiHHCKHH e3mc rema
TaKi>B MO^eji. Toil HMa mhoto pa3JiHHHH 3HaHeHHa h npeBO/ni ot rpi>HKH. Eto hhkoh npHMepn:
1. B"L3BPATHO - ^HpeKTHOTO aeiicTBHe H a no^Jiora Bi>pxy caMHa ce6e ch. npHMep: „06ecn ce"
(MaT 27:5).
2. EMOATH^IHO - noAJion>T caM H3Bi>pniBa ^eiiCTBHeTO. npHMep: „CaTaHa caM ce npenpaBa Ha
CBerbji aHreji" (II Kop. 11:14).
3. B3AHMHO - B3aHMOAeiiCTBHe mq-skj^ ^Ba no/mora. npHMep: „Te ce ciBeTBaxa TKMQjKjxy ch"
(MaT 26:4).
269
III. HAKJIOHEHHE
A. B KDHHe HMa neTHpn HAKJIOHEHHH. Te noKa3BaT Bpi>3KaTa Ha TJlAroJlA c peajmocTra, noHe b yMa
Ha aBTopa. HAKJlOHEHHaTA ce pa3AenaT b jipe oGnni KaTeropnH: TaKHBa, kohto wiasasaT
peanHOCTTa (HHJJHKATHB) h TaKHBa, kohto H3aB3BaT noTeHuiiajiHOCT, bi>3mo5khoct (KOHIOHKTHB,
HMnEPATHB H OnTATHB).
B. Hh^hkathb e HopManHOTO HAKJIOHEHHE 3a H3pa3aBaHe Ha aeiicTBHe, KoeTO ce e cjiynnjio huh ce
cnyHBa, noHe ot rne/ma TOHKa Ha aBTopa. ToBa e ejHHCTBeHOTO HaKjioHeHne Ha rpi>HKH, KoeTO
H3pa3aBa onpeAeneHO BpeMe, KaTO Aopn h iyK to3h acneKT e BTopHHeH.
C. KOHIOHKTHB H3pa3aBa BT>3M05KHO 6i>Aeino ^encTBHe. Hemo He ce e cjiynnjio, ho e TB-bp^e BepoaTHO
ff,a ce cnyHH. To e CBi>p3aHO no rojiaMa CTeneH c OYTyp HHJJHKATHB. Pa3JiHKaTa e b TOBa, ne
KOHIOHKTHBliT npeaaBa onpeaejieHa CTeneH Ha cbMHeHHe. Ha aHrjiHHCKH toh necTO ce H3pa3aBa c
TepMHHH KaTO ,,6h MOrno", ,,M05Ke" HJIH „BI>3M05KHO e".
D. OnTATHB npe^aBa 5KenaHHe, kocto e TeopeTHHHO bi>3mo5kho. To e e^na CTinKa no-Aajien ot
peanHOCTTa ot KOHIOHKTHBA. onTATHBT>T H3pa3aBa BepoaTHOCT npn onpeaejieHH oGcToaTencTBa.
Cpema ce pa/n<o b Hobhh 3aBeT Haii-HecTO ce HaGjnoaaBa b H3BecTHaTa <bpa3a Ha IlaBeji: ,,J\& He
6i>Ae" (KJV, „Eo5Ke, ona3H"), kohto ce cpema neraaHceT m>TH (bjk. Phmji. 3:4, 6, 31; 6:2, 15; 7:7,
13; 9:14; 11:1, 11; I Kop. 6:15; Tan. 2:17; 3:21; 6:14). flpyra npHMepn M05KeM aa bh/thm b I
CojiyHini 1:38, 20:16, J\Qnmvi 8:20 h I CojiyHini 3:11.
E. HMnEPATHB H3pa3aBa 3anoBeA, kohto M05Ke ^a ce cnyHH, ho y^apeHHeTO e Bipxy HaMepeHHeTO Ha
roBopemna. To noKa3Ba caMO 5Kejiamie h bi>3mo5khoct, ho 3aBHCH ot H36opa h peineHHHTa Ha apyr
HOBeK. CneiiHajiHa ynoTpeGa Ha HMnEPATHB BiciyiaMe b mojihtbht6 h b MOJiGnre b TpeTO jmue.
Te3H (JiopMH ce cpemaT caMO b nPE3EHT h aophct b H3.
F. HaKOH rpaMaTHKH nocoHBar nPHtlACTHHTA KaTO bha HAKJIOHEHHE. H3non3BaT ce b Hobhh 3aBeT,
oGnKHOBeHo Ae<J)HHHpaHH KaTO OTTJiAroJiHO nPHJiAEATEJiHO. npeBe^aT ce b-bb Bpi>3Ka c
OCHOBHHH TJIArOJI, KbM KOHTO Ce OTHaCaT. npH npeBO^a Ha npHHaCTHSTa HMa pa3JIHHHH BapnaHTH.
npoBepeTe aHrjiHHCKHTe npeBOflH. npenoptHBaM The Bible in Twenty Six Translations (Baker).
G. AOPHCT AKTHB HH^HKATHB e HopManHHaT hjih „HeMapKHpaH" HanHH j\a ce onHine aaaeHO
ci>6HTHe. BceKH /rpyr rjiaron, 3anor hjih HaKjioHeHne HMaT KOHKpeTHO HHrepnpeTaTHBHO 3HaneHHe,
KoeTO aBTopiT e HCKaji aa iipe/ia^e.
IV. nPEnOPEHHTEJIHH nOMAEAHA
3a BceKH He3ano3HaT c rpi>HKHJi e3HK npenoptHBaM cjie/rHHre noMarajia:
A. Friberg, Barbara and Timothy. Analytical Greek New Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1988.
B. Marshall, Alfred. Interlinear Greek-English New Testament. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1976.
C. Mounce, William D. The Analytical Lexicon to the Greek New Testament. Grand Rapids: Zondervan,
1993.
D. Summers, Ray. Essentials of New Testament Greek. Nashville: Broadman, 1950.
E. Moody Bible Institute b Hmcaro npe/ijrara aKaaeMHHHO aKpe/rHrapaHH KopecnoH/ieHTCKH KypcoBe
no KoiiHe.
V. CLHIECTBHTEJIHH
A. B CHHTaKTHHHO OTHonieHHe, CT>mECTBHTEJlHHTE ce KjiacHibHunpaT no CBoa naae5K. naaejKbT e
CKjiOHeHHe Ha CLmECTBHTEJIHOTO, KoeTO noKa3Ba OTHomeHHeTO My ki>m TJIAroJIA h ki>m /rpyrHre
nacTH Ha ropeHeHHem B KoiiHe mhoto ot (byHKHHHre Ha na^e^a ce wisiBmaT Hpe3 nPEJTJl03H.
naAe5KHaTa (bopMa necTO M05Ke ^a 03HanaBa hjikojiko pa3JiHHHH BH/ia OTHomeHHa h 3aroBa
nPEJT,Jl03HTE ca ce pa3BHjin ^a aaBaT no-acHO pa3AejieHne Ha Te3H bi>3M05khh (bymcuHH.
270
B. rpmKHTe na/ie5KH ce KaTeroproHpar no cjie/niHTe oceM HanHHa:
1. HOMHHATHB ce H3non3Ba 3a HaHMeHOBaHHe h oGhkhobcho H3pa3aBa noAJiora b ropeHeHHeTO.
Toft ce H3n0Jl3Ba H 3a nPE^HKATH CLII1,ECTBHTEJIHH hjih nPHJIArATEJIHH, 3aeflHO ci»C
cnoMaraTejiHHa rjiaron ,,aa 6i>Aa".
2. TEHHTHB ce H3non3Ba 3a onHcamie h o6hkhob6ho iipe/iaBa arpnoyT hjih KanecTBO Ha AyMaTa,
kt>m KoaTO ce OTHaca. Toft OTrcmapa Ha Binpoca ..KaicbB?"
3. Aejiathb H3noji3Ba cbiuaTa (JiopMa, KaTO tehhthb, ho ce H3noji3Ba 3a pasipampiaBaHe,
oGnKHOBeHO bi>b BpeMeTO, npocTpaHCTBOTO, npoH3xoAa hjih CTeneHTa.
4. ,H,ATHB ce H3noji3Ba 3a npe/iaBaHe Ha jinneH HHTepec. To3h HHTepec M05Ke #a HMa no3HTHBeH
hjih HeraTHBeH acneier. HecTO TOBa e HenpaKOTO /K>m>jiHeHHe b H3peHeHHeTO.
5. JIOKATHB HMa CbiHara dpopMa, KaKTO h flATHB, ho npe/iaBa mhcto hjih noji05KeHHe b
npocTpaHCTBOTO, BpeMeTO hjih jioriPiecKHTe paMKHTe.
6. Hhctpymehtaji HMa CbiuaTa (JtopMa, KaKTO h ^athb h jiokathb. Toh H3pa3aBa cpeacTBa hjih
Bpi>3KH.
7. AKY3ATHB ce H3noji3Ba 3a npe/iaBaHe Ha icpaa Ha mncaKBO AencTBHe. Toil H3pa3aBa
orpaHHHeHHH. 06hkhob6ho ce H3pa3aBa c npaKOTO /K>m>jiHeHHe. OTroBapa Ha BinpocHTe:
..^OK-b^e?" hjih ,,B KaKBa CTeneH?"
8. BOKATHB ce H3noji3Ba 3a npaico o6pi>meHHe.
VI. CLI03H
rpmiOUIT e MHOIX) TOHeH e3HK, 3aiIIOTO HMa MH05KeCTBO CbK)3H. Te CBI>p3BaT MHCJIOBHH ejieMeHTH
(Kjiay3H, H3peHeHHa h a63auH). TojiKOBa necTO ce ynoTpeGaBar, ne jinncaTa hm {asyndeton) necTO
HMa KOHKpeTHO eiaereTHHHO 3HaHeHHe. Ci>i03HTe aopn yica3BaT nocoKaTa Ha MHCbjua Ha aBTopa.
^lecTO Te ca ocHOBaTa 3a onpeaejiiiHe Ha KOHKpeTHOTO nocjiamie.
IIpeAJiaraMe cnncbK c hhkoh ci>io3h h TexHHTe 3HaHeHHH (Ta3H HHcJiopMauiui e B3eTa npe/niMHO ot
H. E. Dana and Julius K. Mantey's A Manual Grammar of the Greek New Testament).
Ci>io3h 3a BpeMe
epei, epeide, hopote, hos, note, hotan (subj.) - ..KoraTo"
heds - ..AOKaTo"
hotan, epan (subj.) - ..KoraTo h jjq e"
heos, achri, mechri (subj.) - ..AOicoraTo"
(e) priv (infln.) - ..iipe/pi"
(f) hoS — ..OTKaKTO ", ,,B MOMeHTa, KoraTo"
Ci>io3h 3a jiornnecKa Bpi>3Ka
a. JJeji
hina, hopos, hos - „3a aa M05Ke /ja", ,,3a aa"
(2) hoste - „He"
(3) pros hjih eis - „ot"
b. Pe3yjiTaT (HMa 6jiH3ica Bpi>3Ka Meayry rpaMaTHHHHre (JiopMH 3a ueji h 3a pe3yjiTaT)
(1) hoste - „Taica ne"
(2) hiva - „3a aa"
(3) ara - „Taica ne"
c. IIpHHHHa
(1) gar (npHHHHa/cjieACTBHe hjih AOBoa/saicjiioHeHHe) _ ,,3a", ,,3aTOBa"
(2) dioti, hotiy - „3am,OTo"
(3) epei, epeide, hos - ..OTKaiero"
(4) dia - „3am,OTo"
d. £I,eAyKTHBHH
(1) ara, poinun, hoste - „3aTOBa"
(2) dio - „3apaflH KoeTo", ..Kt^eTo", ,,3aTOBa"
(3) oun - „3aTOBa", ,,Taica", ,,ToraBa", ..cjieaoBaTejiHo"
(4) toinoun - ,,3aTOBa"
e. IIpOTHBOnOCTaBainH HJIH KOHTpaCTHH
271
a.
alia
b.
ara
c.
d.
gar
de -
e.
f.
ean
kai -
(1) alia - „ho", „0CBeH"
(2) de - „ho", „o6aHe", „ome", „ot /ipyra cTpaHa"
(3) kai - „ho"
(4) mentoi, oun - ..oGane"
(5) plen - ,,Bi>npeKH Tcrna" (npe/niMHO b JlyKa)
(6) oun - ..oGane"
f. CpaBHeHne
(1) fids, kathos (BT>Be5iyiaT cpaBHHTenHH H3peHeHHH)
(2) kata (3ae/mo c katho, kathoti, kathosper, kathaper)
(3) hosos (Ha eBpeiicKH e3Hic)
(4) e - ..otkojikdto"
g. 3a npoAfcJDKHTejiHOCT hjih cepiui
(1) de -,,", ,,cera"
(2) kai - „h"
(3) fez-„n"
(4) hina, oun - „He"
(5) oun - ..KaKTO h" (b HoaH)
EM(J>aTHHHa ynoTpeGa
- „CHrypHo", „/ja", „bci>ihhoct"
- ,,HaHCTHHa ", ..onpeAeneHO ", „hcthhckh"
- ,,ho HancTHHa", „onpeflejieHo", „BCi>mHOCT"
„BCI>IHHOCt"
- „AOpH"
- ,,AOpH", ..BCblllHOCT", ..HaHCTHHa"
mentoi - „bci>ihhoct"
oun - ..HancTHHa", „3aAtJi>KHTejiHo"
VII. YCJIOBHH H3PEHEHHiI
A. YCJIOBHO H3PEHEHHE e TaKDBa, KoeTO ci>AT>p>Ka e/nio hjih noBene ycnoBHH ncwiHHeHH Kjiay3H.
Ta3H rpaMaTHHHa CTpyKTypa noMara Ha rbjncyBaHHeTO, noHe5Ke iipe/mara ycjiOBHHTa, npHHHHHre h
AOBOAHTe 3amo ce cjiyraa hjih He ce cjrynBa achctbhcto Ha ochobhhh rJIATOJI. CbinecTByBaT
neTHpn THna ycjiOBHH H3peHeHHa. Te ca b uejiHJi cneKn>p ot TOBa, kocto aBTopiT CHHra 3a BapHO 3a
uejiHTe Ha nocjiamieTO ch ao TOBa, kocto ocTaBa caivio b cijiepaTa Ha no5KejiaHHeTO.
B. YCJIOBHO HSPE^EHHE OT ITLPBH KJIAC H3pa3aBa ^eHCTBHe hjih cbCToamie, kocto aBTopiT CHHTa 3a
BapHO 3a uejiHTe Ha TeKCTa, Aopn h %a e b-bbcacho c „aico". B onpeAdieH kohtckct to M05Ke /ja ce
npeBe^e c „noHe5Ke" (bjk. MaT 4:3; Phmji. 8:31). ToBa oGane He 03HaHaBa, ne bchhkh H3peHeHHH ot
m>PBH KJIAC oipa3aBaT peajiHOCTTa. HecTO Te ce H3noji3Bar, 3a ^a AOica5KaT Hemo b cnop hjih ^a
noA^epTaaT Henna rpeniKa (bjk. MaT 12:27).
C. YCJIOBHO HSPE^EHHE OT BTOPH KJIAC necTO ce HapHna „npoTHBonoji05KHO Ha (JtaKTHTe". To
H3pa3aBa Hemo, KoeTO He e BapHO, c ueji ^a AOKa5Ke HjncaKBa mhcbji. HanpHMep:
1. „To3H HOBeK, aKO Genie npopoK, meine ^a no3Hae Koa h KaKBa e 5KeHaTa, kosto ce ^onnpa ao
Hero" (JlyKa 7:39).
2. „Ako BapBaxTe Ha MoiiceH, maxTe ^a noBapBaTe h Ha MeH" (HoaH 5:46).
3. „Ako 6ax ome yra5iyiaji Ha xopa, HHMame ^a ci>m cjry5KHreji Ha Xphctoc" (raji. 1:10).
D. TPETII KJIAC npeaaBa bi>3mo5kho 6i>Aemo achctbhc HecTO ce H3aB3Ba BepoaTHOCTra Ha no/ioGHO
^eiiCTBHe. OGnKHOBeHO ce npe/niojiara HHicaKBa CTeneH Ha eBeHiyajiHOCT fl,eiiCTBHeTO Ha rjiaBHHH
TJlAroJl 3aBHCH ot ^eiicTBHeTO Ha ropeHemieTO c „aKo". npHMepn M05KeM ^a bh^hm b I HoaH: 1:6-
10; 2:4,6,9,15,20,21,24,29; 3:21; 4:20; 5:14,16.
E. HETBtPTH KJIAC e HaH-aajiene ot BepoaTHOCTra. Toft ce cpema puflyo b Hobhh 3aBeT Bcbhihoct
HaMaMe m>jiHO YCJIOBHO II3PEHEHHE OT HETBT.PTH KJIAC, b Koero h ^BeTe nacTH Ha ycjiOBHero m
OTroBapaT Ha ae(J)HHHHiuiTa. npHMep 3a nacTHneH ^ETBTiPTH KJIAC ce cpema b mpBOTO ropeHemie
272
Ha I Ilerbp 3:14. flpyr TaicbB npniviep e btopoto ropeHemie Ha JXesmwt 8:31.
VIII. 3ABPAHA
A. IIPE3EHT HMnEPATHB c HACTHUATA me necTO (ho He BHHarn) H3pa35rea cnnpaHeTO Ha Bene
npoTH^amo AeiiCTBHe. Eto hhkoh npHMepn: „cnpeTe #a TpynaTe GoraTCTBa Ha 3eMaTa..." (Max
6:19); ..cnpeTe ^a ce npHTeciwBaTe 3a 5KHBOTa ch..." (Max 6:25); ..cnpeTe ^a OT/iaBaTe Ha rpexa
nacTH ot TanoTO ch Kara HHCTpyMeHTH 3a rpexoBe..." (Phmji. 6:13); „Tpa6Ba ^a cnpeTe ^a oGioiyiaTe
Bo5KHa Cbcth JJyx..." (Eijiec. 4:30); ..cnpeTe aace onHBaTe c bhho..." (5:18).
B. AOPHCT KOHIOHKTHB c *IACTHHATA ME npeaaBa H^eaTa „flopH H e 3anoHBaiiTe aa BipniHTe
onpe^eneHO AeiiCTBHe". Eto hhkoh npHMepn: ..Jlppn He ch MHcneTe, ne..." (MaT 5:17); ,,He
3anoHBaHTe ^a ce npHTecmiBaTe..." (Max 6:31); ..He^eHTe mncora ^a ce cpaMyBaTe..." (II Thm. 1:8).
C. flBOHHHSIT HErATHB C HAKJIOHEHHE KOHIOHKTHB e H3KJH0HHTejlH0 eM(J)aTHHHO OTpHliamie.
„HHKora, He, HHKora" hjih ,,npn HHKaKBH oGcraaTejiCTBa". Hjikoh npHMepn: „toh HHKora, He,
HHKora HHMa ^a ronnra CMipx' (HoaH 8:5 1); „A3 HHKora, He, HHKora..." (I Kop. 8: 13).
IX. OnPEflEJIHTEJIEH HJIEH
A. B KoiiHe ni)JIHH5IT ^JIEH ce H3noji3Ba no HanHH, no/ioGeH Ha aHrjiHHCKHH. OcHOBHaTa My (jiymcnHJi e
Aa nocoHH, ^a npnKOBe BHHMaHHeTO ki>m jiyMa, HMe hjih (J)pa3a. Pa3JiHHHHTe aBTopn b Hobhh 3aBeT
ro ynoTpeGaBaT no pa3JiHHeH HanHH. nuiHHSIT ^UIEH Moace ^a (JtyHKUHomipa cbiho h:
1 . KaTO KOHTpacTHpamo cpeacTBO, KaTO noKa3aTenHO MECTOHMEHHE;
2. KaTO 3HaK 3a npeABapHTejiHO B-bBe^eH TLOJIJIOY hjih jihhhoct;
3. KaTO HanHH ^a ce noconn no/mora b ropeHemieTO ci>c CBi>p3aH TJIAroJI. IIpHMepn: Eor e flyx",
HoaH 4:24; „Eor e CBeTjiHHa", I HoaH 1:5; „Eor e jiioGob", I HoaH 4:8,16.
B. B Koilne rema HEnLJIEH ^UIEH. Jlnncara Ha m>jieH hjkh M05Ke aa 03HaHaBa:
1. (Jioicyc Bi>pxy xapaKTepncTHKHTe hjih KanecTBaTa Ha Hemo;
2. (Jioicyc Bi>pxy KaTeropnaTa Ha Hemo.
C. HoB03aBeTHHTe aBTopn H3noji3BaT onPE^EJIHTEJIHHil IJIEH no pa3HOo6pa3HH HanHHH.
X. H3PA3iIBAHE HA yTJAPEHHE B rPEHKHil HOB 3ABET
A. TexHHKHTe 3a H3pa3aBaHe Ha y^apemie ca pa3JiHHHH 3a pa3JiHHHHTe aBTopn b Hobhji 3aBeT Haii-
nocToaHHHTe h (JiopMajiHH aBTopn ca Jlyica h aBTopiT Ha EBpen.
B. no-paHO Ka3axMe, ne AOPHCT AKTHB HH^HKATHB e CTaH^apTHHjiT h HeMapioipaH HannH 3a
H3pa3aBaHe Ha onpeaejieHO yaapemie, a bchhkh apyra BpeMeHa, 3aji03H h HaicjiOHeHHa HMaT
3HaHeHHe 3a xbjiKyBamieTO. ToBa He 03HaHaBa, ne AOPHCT AKTHB HH^HKATHB He ce H3noji3Ba
necTO b 3HaHHM rpaMaTHneH cmhcbji. npHMep 3a TOBa e Phmjuihh 6:10 (#Ba ni>TH).
C. CjiOBope/i b KoiiHe
1. KoiiHe e na/ie5KeH e3HK, kohto He 3aBHCH ot noApeaSaTa Ha AyMHTe, KaKTO e HanpHMep b
aHrjiHHCKHa. 3aTOBa aBTopiT M05Ke aa pa3Hoo6pa3aBa HopMajimui h onaicBaH cjiOBopea, 3a aa
noKa5Ke:
a. KaKBO KomcpeTHO HCKa ^a noKa5Ke Ha HHTaTejia;
b. mhcbji, KoaTO ^a 6i>Ae H3HeHaABama 3a HHTaTejia;
c. HaH-Bi>jiHyBamHTe Hema b MHcijiTa ch.
2. HopMajiHHaT cjiOBope/i b rpmKHa e3HK He e Bee ome Ae(J)HHHpaH. npe/inojiara ce oGane, ne toh
e:
a. 3a bpi.3kh rjTATOJiH
273
(1) rjiAroji
(2) no/yior
(3) flOII'LJIHEHHE
b. 3a TpaH3HTHBHH FJIArOJIH
(1) rjiAroji
(2) no^Jior
(3) flOniJIHEHHE
(4) HEFIP5IKO flOITLJIHEHHE
(5) nPEfl,JIO)KHA OPA3A
C. 3a HMEHHH (J)pa3H
(1) CtmECTBHTEJIHO
(2) MO^HOHKATOP
(3) IIPEflJICCKHA OPA3A
3. CnoBopeAtT M05Ke ^a HMa hskjuohhtcjiho Ba5KHO 3HaHeHHe 3a eK3ereTHKaTa. npHMepn:
a. „£JiCHa pi,Ka aaaoxa Ha mch h Ha BapHaBa Ha oGmemie" (ran. 2:9). Opa3aTa „flacHa ptica
Ha oGmeHHe" e pa3flejieHa h H3TerneHa b Hanajioro, 3a aa ce noica5Ke 3HaHeHHero ii.
b. ,,c XpncToc" (ran. 2:20) e b HanajiOTO. CM-bpxia My e Haii-BajKHOTO.
c. ..MajiKO no ManKO h no mhoto pa3HHHHH HanHHH" (EBp. 1:1) ctoh Ha m>pBO Macro.
KompacrbT e Bi>pxy HanHHa Ha H3aB3BaHe Ha Bora, a He Bi>pxy (JiaicTa Ha OTKpoBeHHeTO.
D. OGnKHOBeHO ce H3pa3aBa HaicaKBa croneH Ha yAapemie npe3:
1. IIoBTapaHe Ha CT>m,ECTBHTEJlHOTO, KoeTO Bene ce BmKp,a b CKjioHemieTO Ha TJlAroJlA.
IIpHMep: ..CaMHaT a3 me Gt^a c Bac..." (Max 28:20).
2. JlnncaTa Ha onaicBaH ctK)3 hjih npyra Bpi>3Ka Memjiy nyMHTe, <j)pa3HTe, Kjiay3HTe h
H3peHeHHaTa. ToBa ce Hapipia asyndeton (,,ne CBi>p3aH"). OiaKBa ce ^a HMa mncaicBa Bpi>3Ka h
jrancaTa n npHBnnna BHHMaHHeTO. npnMepn:
a. Bjia5KeHCTBaTa, MaTeii 5:3 h cji. (bchhko ce noA^epTaBa)
b. HoaH 14:1 (HOBaroMa)
c. Phmjuihh 9:1 (hob pa3flen)
d. II KopHHTaHH 12:20 (noA^epTaBa ce nejiiuiT ciracbK)
3. IIoBTopeHHeTO Ha ayMn hjih (J)pa3n b aaaeH kohtckct. IIpHMepn: ,,3a noxBana Ha cnaBaTa"
(Eijiec. 1:6, 12 h 14). Ta3H (J)pa3a ce ronojraa, 3a /ja ce h3jibh ^eJiOTO Ha Bcaica JIhhhoct b
TporaiaTa.
4. YnoTpeGara Ha h^hom hjih nrpa Ha jxymn (3ByKOBe) Me5iyiy TepMnmrre
a. eB(J)eMH3MH - 3aMecTBanni jxymn 3a TeMH-Ta6y, icaKTO „3acnHBaHe" 3a „cmi>pt" (HoaH 11:11-
14) hjih „Kpaica" 3a „mi>5kkh nojiOBH oprami" (PyT 3:7-8; I Hape 24:3).
b. 3ao6HKOJIHH TCpMHHH - 3aMeCTBaiHH AyMH 3a B05KHeTO HMe, KaTO „He6eCHOTO uapcTBo"
(Max 3:21) hjih „raac ot HeGero' (Max 3:17).
c. cpaBHemui H npeHOCHH H3pa3H
(1) HeBi>3M05KHH npeyBejiHHeHHa (Max 3:9; 5:29-30; 19:24).
(2) jieKH npeyBejiHHeHHH (Max 3:5; JJfism. 2:36).
(3) nepcoHH(J)HKaiiHH (I Kop. 15:55).
(4) npoHHa (raji. 5:12)
(5) noeTHHHH naca5KH (Ohji. 2:6-11).
(6) nrpa Ha 3ByKOBe Me5K#y jiyMwre
(a) „m»pKBa"
(i) „m>pKBa" (Eijiec. 3:21)
(ii) „npn3BaHHe" (E(J)ec. 4:1,4)
(iii) „npH3BaHH" (Etjiec. 4:1,4)
(b) „cbo6oahh"
(i) „CBo6oAHa 5KeHa" (laji. 4:31)
(ii) „CBo6oAa" (raji. 5:1)
(iii) „cbo6oahh" (raji. 5:1)
d. H/niOMH - KyjixypHO cneinnjupieH e3mc:
(1) TaKtB e (JiraypaTHBHaTa ynoipeGa Ha „xpaHa" (HoaH 4:31-34).
(2) TaicbB e (jtnrypaxHBHaTa ynoipeGa Ha „XpaM" (HoaH 2:19; Max 26:61).
(3) TaicbB e eBpencKiuiT h^hom 3a mhjiocx „OMpa3a" (Bhx 29:31; Brop. 21:15; Jlyica 14:36;
274
HoaH 12:25; Phmji. 9:13).
(4) „Bcipikh" huh ,,MH03HHa". CpaBHeTe Hcaa 53:6 (..bchhkh") c 53:11 h 12 („MHoro").
TepMHHHTe ca chhohhmhh b Phmjuihh 5:18 h 19.
5. YnoTpeGara Ha m>jiHa jiHHrBHCTHHHa (bpa3a, BMecTO e^Ha ayMa. IIpHMep: .XocnoA Hcyc
XpHCTOC".
6. CnennajiHaTa ynoTpeGa Ha autos
a. KoraTO e c onPE^EJIHTEJIEH ^JIEH (aTpnGyTHBHa no3HUHJi), ce npeBejK^a ..Cbmyun" .
b. KoraTO e 6e3 onPE^EJIHTEJIEH ^UIEH (npeflincaTHBHa no3HUHJi), ce npeBe5KAa Kara
HHTEH3HBHO PEOJIEKTHBHO MECTOHMEHHE - „TOH caMHHT".
E. Ako H3CJieABaTe EnGjiiraTa h He no3HaBaTe ip-binm e3mc, M05KeTe ^a onpe/iejiHTe y^apeHHeTO no
hhkojiko HanHHa:
1 . C aHajiHTHHeH neKCHKOH h ABye3HHeH GnGneHCKH TeKcx
2. CpaBHeHne Ha aHrnHHCKHTe npeBO/rH, ocoGeHO aKO npe/iaBaT pa3JiHHHH TeopnH. IIpHMep:
cpaBHeHne Ha irpeBOAHTe ,,/ryMa no ayMa" (KJV, NKJV, ASV, NASB, RSV, NRSV) c
,,/lHHaMHHeH eKBHBaneHT" (Williams, NIV, NEB, REB, JB, NJB, TEV). Mo5KeTe j\a non3BaTe
ci>mo h The Bible in Twenty-Six Translations ot Baker.
3. C The Emphasized Bible ot Joseph Bryant Rotherham (Kregel, 1994).
4. Hpe3 ci>BceM GyicBaneH npeBOA
a. The American Standard Version ot 1901
b. Young 's Literal Translation of the Bible ot Robert Young (Guardian Press, 1976).
H3cneABaHeTO Ha rpaMaTHicaTa e Te5Kica 3aAana, ho e HeoGxoAHMa 3a npaBHjiHOTO TtjiKyBaHe. Te3H
KpaTKH ^etbHHHUHH, 6ene5KECH h npHMepn nejiaT %a HacipnaT OHe3H, kohto He roBopaT rp-bUKH, KaTO hm
jiajiaT bt>3mo5khoct ^a H3non3BaT rpaMaTHnecKHTe 6ene5KECH, npeAJi05KeHH b to3h KOMeHTap. Pa36npa ce,
TOBa ca TBip/ie onpocTeHH ^ecbHHHUHH. He M05KeM ^a rn H3non3BaMe KaTO KpaeH aBTopnTeT, a caMO KaTO
noMarano 3a no-AoGporo pasGnpaHe Ha CHHTaKcnca Ha Hobhh 3aBeT Ha/ureaM ce Te aa Gt^aT none3HH h Ha
bchhkh, kohto HCKaT #a pa36epaT h /rpyrn TexHHnecKH nocoGna Bipxy HOB03aBeTHHH TeiccT.
HeoGxoAHMO e ^a M05KeM ^a npoBepaBaMe TT>jTKyBaHHHTa ch npe3 HHcbopManiMTa, kohto HaMnpaMe b
TeKCTa Ha EnGjinaTa. TpaMaTHKaTa e ejma HSKjuoHHTejiHO Baama HayKa b Ta3H HacoKa. flpyrn bt>3M05khh
nocoKH 3a H3CJieABaHe ca KOHCTpynpaHe Ha HCTopHHecKHH kohtckct, pa3rjie5K/iaHe Ha jiHTepaTypHHa
KOHTeKCT, ynoTpeGaTa Ha jjyMwie h cpaBHeHHeTO c napanenmi naca5KH.
275
BTOPO nPHJIOaCEHHE
TEKCTYAJIEH KPHTHIJH31>M
LJenra Ha TOBa npnno5KeHne e na noacmiM TeKCTyanHHTe 6ene5KKH b to3h KOMenrap. IH,e H3non3BaMe
cnenHaTa cxeivia:
TeKCTyanHH h3tohhhiih Ha aHranncKHTe npeBonn Ha EnGnnjiTa
A. 3a CTapna 3aBeT
B. 3a Hobhh 3aBeT
KpaTKO noacHeHne Ha npoGneMnre h TeopnHTe Ha TeKCTKpHTHKaTa, HapnnaHa ome
..TeKCTyaneH kphthiih3i>m".
IIpeAJi05KeHHa 3a nomnHHTeneH nponnx
I. TeKCTyajiHii iotohhiihii Ha aHrjiiittcKiiTe npeBOflii Ha BnQjiiiHTa
A. 3a CTapna 3aBeT
MacopeTCKH tckct (MT). EBpencKHjrr tckct etc ci>rnacHH 3Hann, ycTaHOBeH ot PaBHH AicHBa
npe3 Kpaa Ha I BeK en. Xp. MapicepHTe 3a raacHH 3Bynn, ynapeHHHTa, 6ene5KKHre b noneTO,
nymcTyanHHTa h bchhkh ocTaHajin HeoGxonnMn 3Hann ca 6hjih noGaBeHn npe3 VI BeK cji.
Xp. h ca noBT>pmeHH ^aK npe3 IX BeK cji. Xp. IJnnaTa Ta3n nenHOCT ce H3Bi>piiiBa ot
IIlKOJiaTa Ha MacopeTnre. Te ca H3noji3BajiH TeKCTyajiHa (Jtopivia, ci>maTa KaTO Ta3H b
MnniHa, TanMyna, TapryMHTe, IleniHTa h ByjiraTaTa.
CenTyarHHTaTa (LXX). Cnopen TpannnnjiTa LXX e H3roTBeHa ot 70 lonencKn khhjkhhiih 3a
nepnon ot ceneMneceT #eHa b AneKcaHnpniicKaTa 6n6nnoTeKa non cnoHcopcTBOTO Ha n,ap
nTOJieMeii II (285-246 r. np. Xp.). UpeBOAfcT 6hji nopinaH ot lonencKn Bonan, 5KHBeem b
AjieKcaHapna no TOBa BpeMe. Ta3H hctophh ce pa3Ka3Ba b ..IIocjiaHHeTO Ha ApncTeii". B
MHoro ot cnynanre LXX ce 6a3npa Ha pa3JiHHHa TeKCTyajiHa TpannnHJi ot H3noji3BaHaTa ot
PaBHH AicHBa (MT).
PiKonHCHTe ot MipTBO Mope (DSS). Te3n TeKCTOBe ca nncami npe3 Phmckhh nepnon (ok. 200
r. np. Xp. no 70 r. cji. Xp.) ot rpyna lonencKn cenapaTHCTn, no3HaTH KaTO „ecenTe". Bchhkh
eBpeiiCKH MaHycKpnnTH, otkphth b pa3nn x iHH nemepn H3 paiiOHa Ha Mi>ptbo Mope ca
ocHOBaHH Ha TeKCTyajiHa Tpannnnji, kosto ce pa3JinHaBa n ot MT, n ot LXX.
Eto hhkoh KomcpeTHH npHMepn KaK cbnocTaBaHeTO Ha Te3n TeKCTOBe noMara Ha npeBonaHnre
na pa36npaT CTapna 3aBex
a. LXX noMara 3a TbjiKyBaHeTO Ha MT.
(1) Hcaa 52:14 (LXX): „MH03HHa ce nynexa Ha Hero."
(2) Hcaa 52:14 (MT): ,,MH03HHa ce nynexa Ha Te6."
(3) b 15 ct. ce noTBi>p5KnaBa MecTOHMeHneTO ot LXX:
(a) LXX: „MHoro Haponn My ce ynHBjreaT"
(6) MT: „toh nopiCBa mhoto Haponn"
6. DSS noMara 3a pa36npaHeTO Ha MT.
(1) Hcaa 21:8 (DSS): .Xjienan-bT H3BHKa: Ha CTpa5Ka CToa"
(2) Hcaa 21:8 (MT): ,,H H3BHKax jii>b! rocnonn, BHHarn craa Ha CTpa5KeBaTa Kyjia
neHeivi"
b. LXX h DSS noMaraT 3a H3acHHBaHe Ha Hcaa 53: 11.
(1) LXX h DSS: „cnen Te5KKHH Tpyn Ha nyniaTa My toh me Bnnn CBeTjiHHa h me ce
ynoBjieTBopn"
(2) MT: „toh me Bnnn... ot Te5KKHH Tpyn Ha nyniaTa ch h me ce ynoBneTBopn"
B. 3a Hobhh 3aBeT
1. Han 5300 piKonnca Ha bchhkh nacra Ha rp-bUKna H3 ca HanHHHH. OKono 85 ca 3anncaHH Ha
nannpyen, a 268 ca MaHycKpHnra H3nnno c raaBHH 6yKBH (ymfuajiu). rpi>HKHTe MaHycKpHnra b
nncMeHa (JiopMa HaGpoaBar OKono 2700. Pa3nonaraMe ci>mo TaKa c 2100 Konna Ha cnncBUH c
6n6nencKH naca5KH, H3non3BaHH 3a nHiyprHHHH nenn.
2. OKono 85 rpi>HKH MaHycKpnnTH, ci>ni>p>KamH nacTn ot Hobhh 3aBeT Ha nannpyen, ce na33T b
276
pasjiHHHH Mysen. Hjikoh ot Tax ca AarapaHH ^o II BeK cji. Xp., ho noBeneTO ca ot TpeTOTO h
HeTBipTOTO CToneTHe. Hhto e/niH ot Te3H p-bKonncH He CT>/n>p>Ka uejiHa H3. OaKrbT, ne Te3H
Konna ca HaH-^peBHHTe, He rapaHTHpa, ne me HMaT Haft-Manico pa3HOHeTeHHa. Mhoto ot
HajiHHHHTe ^OKyMeHTH ca 6hjih npenncBaHH Ha6i>p30 3a Mecraa ynoTpeGa, HeBHHarn c
AOCTarbHHO rpH5Ka h npeuiGHOCT. ToBa e npHHHHaTa ^a HMaT pa3HHHHH BapHauiiH.
3. Codex Sinaiticus, no3HaT c eBpeiiCKaTa 6yKBa N (aleph) hjih (01), e otkpht b MaHacrapa „Cb.
KaTepHHa" Ha Bpi>x CHHaii ot THineH^opiJ). Toft e flarapaH ^o okojio IV BeK cji. Xp. h cb/n>p>Ka
KaKTO LXX Ha C3, Taica h rp-buicHa H3. To3h tckct e ot ..AneKcaH^pHHCKH" THn.
4. Codex Alexandrinus, no3HaT KaTO ,,A" hjih (02), e rp-bUKH MaHycKpHnT ot V BeK cji. Xp., otkpht
b erHneTCKHH rpa# AjieKcaH^piia.
5. Codex Vaticanus, no3HaT KaTO „B" hjih (03), e otkpht bi>b BaTHKaHCKaTa GnGjiHOTeKa b Phm h
AaTHpa ot cpe/iaTa Ha IV BeK cji. Xp. Ton ci>Ai>p>Ka KaKTO LXX, TaKa h rp-bUKiia H3. H toh e ot
„AjieKcaH/ipHHCKH" THn.
6. Codex Ephraemi, no3HaT KaTO „C" hjih (04), e rpiuKH MaHycKpnnT ot V BeK cji. Xp., nacTHHHO
yHHmoaceH.
7. Codex Bezae, no3HaT Kara „D" hjih (05), e rpi>HKH p-bKonnc ot V hjih VI BeK cji. Xp. Toil e
ochobhhht npeACTaBHreji Ha THap. „3anaAeH" THn tckct. Ci>Ai>p>Ka mho5K6ctbo Ao6aBKH h e
6hji ocHOBHaTa 3a roroTBaHeTO Ha npeBO^a KJV
8. HoB03aBeTHHTe MaHycKpHnra MoraT ^a ce rpynnpaT b Tpn hjih nerapH ceMeiiCTBa, kohto
cnoAejiHT onpe/ieJieHH o6ihh nepra.
a. AneKcandpuucKU mexcmoee ot ErnneT
(1) P , P"" (ok. 200 r. cji. Xp.), c HerapHre eBaHrejina
(2) p4" (ok. 225 r. cji. Xp.), c nocjiamuiTa Ha IlaBeji
(3) P '2 (ok. 225-250 r. cji. Xp.), c nocjiaHHaTa Ha Ilerbp h lO^a
(4) Codex B, HapmaH Vaticanus (ok. 325 r. cji. Xp.), BKjnoHBam uejina C3 h H3
(5) OpnreH uHrapa ot AjieKcaH/ipHHCKHTe TeKCTOBe
(6) Apyrn MaHycKpnnTH ot to3h THn ca: N, C, L, W, 33
b. 3anadmi mexcmoee ot CeBepHa Acjipmca
(1) HHTaTH ot ceBepHoacJtpHKaHCKHTe nbpKOBHH othh, TepiyjiHaH, KnnpHaH h
CTapOJiaTHHCKHH npeBOA
(2) uinara ot HpHHen JIhohckh
(3) HHrara ot TauiiaH h CTapocHpHHCKHa npeBOA
(4) Codex D „ Bezae " c jie^Ba 3anaflHHre TeKCTOBe
c. Bu3aHmuticKU lamonnu mexcmoee ot KoHCTaHTHHonoji
(1) T03H THn TeKCTOBe e HajIHHeH B HaA 80% OT BCHHKH HajIHHHH 5300 MaHyCKpHnTH
(2) uHTHpaHH ot Ahthox Chphhckh, KanaAOKHHCKHre othh, HoaH 3jiaToycT h Tepo/iopHT
(3) Codex A, caMO b eBaHrejinaTa
(4) Codex E (VIII BeK cji. Xp.) 3a uejina H3
d. L(e3apuucKU mexcmoee ot IlajiecTHHa
(1) BH5iyiaT ce npe^HMHO b MapK
(2) hhkoh CBH/ieTejiH 3a Tax ca P^J h W
II. IIpoSjieMH ii Teopini Ha TeKCTyajimiH KpimmintM
A. KaK ce noaBaBaT pa3HOHeTeHHaTa
1 . no HeBHHMaHHe h cjiynaiiHOCT (b orpoMHHa 6poii cjiynan)
a. npn HeAOBH5iyiaHe npn p^hho npenncBaHe, KoraTO HMa jipe cxoahh jiyuu h okoto
Heci>3HaTejiHO npecKana Ha BTopaTa, ronycKaiiKH TeKCTa Me5iyiy Tax (xoMouomejieemon)
(1) HeAOBH5K/iaHe npn ronycKaHe Ha ABoinia 6yKBa b aaaeHa AyMa hjih (J)pa3a
(xawiozpcKpun)
(2) Heci>3HaTejiHO noBTapaHe Ha H3pa3 hjih pea ot rp-buicHa tckct (dumoepcxpua)
b. npn He^OHyBaHe npn /niKTOBKa, KoraTO ce noaBaBa norpeniHO ronncBaHe (umaifU3hM);
necTO boah AO H3nHCBaHe Ha Apyra, cxo^Ha ayMa Ha rpmicH e3HK.
c. Han-paHHHTe rpmKH TeKCTOBe He ca HMajin pa3AejieHne no raaBH h CTHxoBe; He e HMajio
noHTH HHKaKBa nymciyaiiHa; He e HMajio Aopn pa3CToaHHe Me5KJxy OT/iejiHHTe jxyMn, npn
KoeTO e bi>3mo5kho && HacrbiTH HenpaBHjiHO pa3AejiaHe Ha AyMaTa, (JtopMnpaiiKH hobh ^yMH.
277
2. npeAHaMepeHH npoMemi
a. npoMeHH 3a noaoGpaBaHe Ha rpaMaTHHecKaTa (JtopMa Ha TeiccTa
b. npoMeHH 3a CbrnacyBaHe c apyra 6h6ji. naca5KH (xapMOHiaupam na napane.mu meKcmoee)
c. npoMeHH 3a CBneTaBaHe Ha ABa hjih noBene BapnaHTHH npoHHra b emm Rbm>T CBneTaH
naca5K (KOH<p.iai{u%)
d. npoMeHH 3a KopnriipaHe Ha 3a6ejia3aH npoGjieM b TeKCTa (bjk. I Kop. 1 1 :27 h I HoaH 5:7-8)
e. /K>m>jiHHTejiHa HH(J)opMaHHa othocho HCTopHHecicaTa oGcTaHOBica hjih npaBmraaTa
HHTepnpeTauHH Ha TeKCTa ce nocTaBa b noneTO ot hhkoh khickhhk, a c Tenemie Ha BpeMeTO
Apyrn npenncBaHH a BMiKBaT b caMHa tckct (bjk. HoaH 5:4)
B. OCHOBHH IipHHHHnH Ha TeKCTyajIHHH KpHTHHH3I>M (jIOrHHeCKH HaCOKH, OnpeAeJMIHH OpHrHHajIHOTO
3HaHeHHe Ha /wieH tckct, KoraTO HMa HajiHHHe Ha pa3HOHeTeHHa)
1 . Haii-TpoMaBHaT hjih rpaMaTHnecKH HeoGirqaeH tckct oGhkhobcho e opHrHHajimiaT.
2. HaH-KpaTKHaT tckct oGhkhobcho e opHrHHajimuiT.
3. Haii-CTapHaT tckct nojiynaBa noBene tcjkcct nopa/m HCTopHHecKaTa My 6jih30Ct c opnrHHajia.
Bchhko apyro ce TpeTHpa paBHonocTaBeHO.
4. TeorpaijiCKH pa3HOo6pa3HHTe piKonHCH oGhkhobcho HMaT opnrHHajiHa Te5KecT.
5. floKTpHHajiHO no-cjia6HTe TeKCTOBe, ocoGeHO OHe3H, kohto ca CBi>p3aHH c ho-ochobhh
GorocjiOBCKH AHCKycHH ot nepHO^a Ha MaHycKpHnTHHTe pa3HOHeTeHHa (Kara CTHxa 3a
TpoHijaTa b I HoaH 5:7-8), 6h TpaGBajio aa ce npe/rnoHHTaT.
6. TeKcn>T, kohto Haii-/K>6pe oGaciiaBa npoH3xoAa Ha ppyTwre BapnaHTH.
7. Eto ABa UHTaTa, kohto noKa3BaT GajiaHca Me>iyry MHoroGpoiniHTe o6e3noKOHTejiHH BapnaHTH:
a. ,0,5k. X. rpHHHJIHH:
„Hhto ejma xpncTHaHCKa AOKipHHa He 3aBHCH ot /niCKyTHpyeM tckct. BceKH
H3CJieAOBaTeji Ha HoBHa 3aBeT TpaGBa aa ce na3H ot CTpeMe>Ka aaaeH tckct aa Gt^e
no-opTOAOKcajieH hjih no-cnjieH ^OKipHHajiHO ot 6oroB/ri>xHOBeHHa opHrHHajieH
naca5K" (J. Harold Greenlee, Introduction to New Testament Textual Criticism, CTp.
68).
b. Y A. Kpncyeji Ka3Ba b HHTepBio 3a b. „BnpMHHraM hk>3":
„He M05KeM r& HapeneM edhXHoeena Bcaica e/nia jxyMa b BnGjinaTa - ocoGeHO KoraTO
H^e pen 3a /ryMH, nperbpnejiH MH05KecTBO npeBO^H npe3 BeKOBeTe. BapBaM b
TeKCiyajiHHa kphthhh3i>m. B to3h cmhcbji, cnope/i MeH, nocjie/rHaTa nojiOBHHa ot
MapK 16 rji. ch e HHCTa npo6a epec. To3h tckct He e GoroB/rtxHOBeH, a ch e HanpaBO
H3MHCJieH... KoraTO cinocTaBHTe Te3H MaHycKpnnTH c opnrHHajiHHTe, me BH^HTe, ne
rrbpBOHaHajiHHaT BapnaHT Ha EBaHrejineTO cnopeA MapK e 6hji ocTaBeH HeAOBi>pmeH.
HaKoii BnocjieACTBHe e Ao6aBHji to3h TeKCT."
MajiKO no-HaTaTi>K b HHTepBiOTO Kpncyeji 3aaBaBa, ne no/ioGHa „HHTepnojiaHHa" ce
BH5K/ia h b HoaH 5 ra., kb/icto e cjiynicaTa c Hcyc npeA KbnajmaTa BHTe3fla. Ocbch TOBa
toh ci>nocTaBa jspma pa3JiHHaBamH ce pa3Ka3a 3a caMoyGnHCTBOTO Ha lO^a (bjk. MaTeii
27 ra. h £I,eaHHa 1 ra.) Taica:
„ToBa e npocTO pa3JiHHHa rjie^na TOHKa Ha caMoyGnHCTBOTO. Ako Te3H TeKCTOBe ca b
EnGjinaTa, 3a Tax me HMa HaKaKBO oGacHemie. A h ABaTa pa3Ka3a 3a caMoyGniiCTBOTO
Ha lO^a ca ch 6h6jichckh tckctobc. TeKCiyajiHHaT kphthhh3i>m caM no ce6e ch e
ny/iecHa HayKa. Toil He e hhto e(J)HMepeH, hhto GesonjiiiB, a no-CKopo e /rHHaMHHHO h
ocHOBonojiaramo HanHHamie..." (W. A. Criswell b HHTepBio npea Greg Garrison 3a b.
The Birmingham News).
III. MaHycKpiinTHii pa3HOHeTeHiiH - 3a flontjimiTejieH nponiiT
1. Biblical Criticism: Historical, Literary and Textual, by R. ;H. Harrison;
2. The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration by Bruce M.
Metzger;
3. Introduction to New Testament Textual Criticism, by J. H Greenlee.
278
279
TPETO IIPHJICOKEHHE
PEHHHK
A63au. OcHOBHaTa HHTepnpeTaraBHa e/nTHHHa b nposaTa. Ci>AT>p>Ka neHipajma mhcbji h HeftHOTO
pa3rpi>maHe. Ako ce 3aAtp>KaMe b ochobhht6 My rpammH, HHMa ^a ce 3aAtJi6o x iaBaMe b He3HaHHTejiHH
Hema, a me cxBaHeM MHCbjiTa Ha aBTopa.
AflonruiaHCTBO. E^hh ot paHHHTe Bi>3rjieAH 3a OTHonieHHeTO ue^Kjiy Hcyc h Bora. Tbt>pah, ne Hcyc e
6hji oGhkhobcho HOBennco cbinecTBO bi>b bcjiko OTHonieHHe, ho e 6hji ..ocHHcmeH" no cnennajieH HanHH ot
Bora npn cbocto Kp-binemie (bjk. MaTeft 3:17; MapK 1:11) hjih npn cbocto Bi>3KpeceHHe (bjk. Phmji. 1:4).
Toft e BOAen TOJiKOBa npHMepeH 5khbot, ne b jiajieii mmt (npn Kp-binemieTO hjih Bi>3KpeceHHeTo) Bor ro e
ochhobhji KaTO cboh ,,Chh" (bjk. Phmji. 1:4; Ohji. 2:9). To3h Bi>3rjieA ce e npneMaji b hhkoh MajiKH KpiroBe
cpeA paHHaTa ntpicBa. Bmccto Bor ^a CTaHe hobck (npn BT>njn>meHHeTo), HemaTa ca oGtpHaTH oGparao h
HOBeK e CTaHan Bor!
Tpy/nio e aa ce BepGajnonpa icaic tohho Eo5khht Chh Hcyc, Gh^chkh npeABeHHO Bojkcctbo, me Gt^e
Bi>3HarpaAeH 3apa/ni npHMepmui ch 5khbot. Ako ^eftcTBHrejiHO Toft e 6hji Bor ot npeABeHHOCTra, ToraBa
KaK M05Ke Aa Gt^e Bi>3Harpa5KAaBaH? Ako e HMaji npe^cbmecTByBama 6o5KecTBeHa cnaBa, KaK H3o6mo M05Ke
Aa nonyHH /K>m>jiHHTejiHH nonecTH? BinpeitH ne Ha Hac hh e Tpy/nio ^a ro npoyMeeM, no HHKaKbB HanHH
Bor OTeii ^eftcTBHTejmo OT/iaBa cnaBa Ha Hcyc b cnennajieH cmhcbji Ha AyMaTa 3apa/ni cbBi>piiieHOTO
H3ni>jiHeHHe Ha BOJiaTa My.
Ai"oere3a. Ahtohhm Ha „eK3ere3a" (bjk. no-^ojiy). Ako eK3ereTHHecKHJiT no/ixoA „H3X05iyia" ot
HaMepeHneTO Ha aBTopa, aibereTHHecKHHT no-CKopo My „npHBHaca" vyanjia h Bi>HiiiHa H^ea.
AjieKcanapiittcKa uiKOJia. To3h mqtoji. Ha GnGjieftcKa HHTepnpeTaiina e 6hji pa3pa6oTeH b
AjieKcaH^pHa okojio II BeK cji. Xp. Toft ce no30BaBa Ha ocHOBmrre HHTepnpeTaTHBHH noAxo/ni Ha Ohjioh
AneKcaH/ipHftcKH, KoftTO e 6hji e/niH ot nocjieAOBaTejinre Ha njiaTOH. HecTO ce HapHHa ..aneropHHeH
MeTOA". 3a/o>p>Ka ce CTaGHjmo b m>pKBaTa naK ro enoxaTa Ha PecJiopManiuiTa. Cpea Haft-OTaBjiemiTe My
noAApi>>KHHiiH ca OpnreH h ABiycraH Ejia5KeHH (bjk. Moises Silva, Has The Church Misread The Bible?,
Academic, 1987).
AjieKcaHflpimyc. BnGneftcKH MaHycKpnnT ot V BeK cji. Xp. ot AjieKcaH^pna, ci>AT>p>Kam CTapna 3aBeT,
anoKpn(J)HTe h no-rojuiMaTa nacT ot Hobhh 3aBeT ToBa e emm ot ocHOBHHTe CBH/ieTejiH Ha nejiHJi rpi>HKH
Hob 3aBeT (c roKjnoHeHHe Ha hhkoh nacTH ot MaTeft, HoaH h II Kophhtjihh). KoraTO Alexandrinus (no3HaT
KaTO „A") h Vaticanus (no3HaT Kara „B") ce cirjiacaT Bi>pxy jiajien tckct, cpeA noBeneTO H3CJieAOBaTejiH
CBinecTByBa CTaHOBHmeTO, ne to3h tckct cjieABa ^a ce TpeTnpa KaTO AOKa3aHO aBTeHTHneH.
Ajieropira. Bha GnGjieftcica HHTepnpeTanHJi, Bi>3HHKHajia Haft-Hanpe/i b cpe/ncre Ha ajieKcaH^pHftcKHJi
K)AaH3i>M. Ochobhhht ft CTpeMe5K e p& HanpaBH nncaHHeTO aKryajmo b KyjiiypaTa h cpe/iaTa Ha HHraTejia,
npeHeGperBaftKH HCTopHHecKaTa ft oGcTaHOBKa h/hjih jiHTepaiypHHa ft KOHTeKCT Hoaxoai>t Ttpcn ckphth
hjih ^yxoBHH 3HaHeHHH 3aji BceKH e^HH GnGjieftcKH naca5K. TpaGBa ^a npn3HaeM, ne caMHHT Hcyc (b MaT
13 rji.), KaKTO h an. naBeji (b TajiaTaHH 4 ra.) ci>mo npnGarBaT ^o ajieropHH, 3a ^a H3aciwT jiajieiia HCTHHa.
ToBa oGane CTaBa noa (JtopMaTa Ha THnojiorna, a He Ha CTpora ajieropna.
AHajIIITIIHeH JieKCIIKOH. BHA H3CJieAOBaTejICKH HHCTpyMeHT, KOIITO OCHrypaBa BI>3MOa(HOCT BCSKa
e^na rpi>HKa (JiopMa ^a 6i>Ae H/ieHTHcJiHiiHpaHa b Hobhji 3aBeT npeACTaBjiHBa KOMnHjiauna no asGyneH pea
(cnopeA rp-biiKaTa a36yKa) Ha (JtopMH h ochobhh a6(J)hhhiihh. B cbneTaHHe c HHTepjieHHapeH npeBOfl Ha
HoBHa 3aBeT jieKCHKOHiT ^aBa bi>3mo5khoct h Ha HHTaTejra, kohto He ca ripiiH no nporoxoA, Aa MoraT %a
aHajIH3HpaT ipaMaTHHeCKHTe H CHHTaKTHHeCKHTe (J)OpMH Ha HOB03aBeTHHH e3HK.
AHanoniH Ha IIiicaHiieTO. Opa3a, c kohto ce onncBa Bi>3rjie/ri>T, ne BnGjinaTa e 6oroBAi>xHOBeHa h
cjie^OBaTejiHO He ci>Ai>p>Ka HHKaKBH Bi>TpeinHH npoTHBopenHa. HMeHHO TOBa aKCHOMaTHHHO
npe/mojKMceHHe jie5KH b ocHOBaTa Ha TpaAHinuiTa emm GnGjieftcicH TeKCTOBe ^a ce rbjiKyBaT c noMomTa Ha
Apyrn.
280
AHTponoiviop(|)in , bM. CteHanaBa „/ja HMain nepra, kohto ce CBi>p3BaT c HOBeniKH cbinecTBa ". TepMHHi>T
ce H3non3Ba, 3a aa js&jis oGacHemie Ha pejmrH03HHTe H3pa3H, c kohto onncBaMe xapaierepa Ha Bora. B
KopeHa Ha jxym&T& ca rpi>HKHTe noHaTHa 3a ..HOBeic" h „(j)opMa". C noMomra na to3h noAxoA HHe onncBaMe
Bora TaKa, caKani Toft e HOBennco cbinecTBO - c (J)H3HHecKH, couiiojioriPiecKH h ncHxojionpiecKH noHaTHa,
kohto onncBaT xopaTa (bjk. BnTHe 3:8; III LJape 22:19-23). Pa36npa ce, to3h noAxoA e caMO aHajiorna.
npnGarBaMe ao Hero, noHe5Ke KaTO xopa He pa3nojiaraMe c ApyrH KaTeropHH h HHCTpyMeHTH 3a H3pa3HOCT
CneAOBaTejiHO HanieTO no3Hamie 3a Bora, kojikoto Hjae hcthhho, b cbiHHOcrra ch e orpampieHO.
AinnoxiiiicKa uiKOJia. TpaflHuna 3a GnGjieftcica HHTepnpeTauna, pa3pa6oTeHa b AHTnoxna CnpHHCKa
npe3 III BeK cji. Xp. KaTO peaKHHa cpemy ajieropiPiecKHa noAxoA Ha AjieKcaH^pHftcKaTa niKona. OcHOBHHaT
CTpeMesK Ha Ta3H TpaAHuiia e #a HaconBa BHHMaHHeTO ch Bipxy HCTopHHecKOTO 3HaHemie Ha GnGjieftcicHTe
TeKCTOBe. IIlKOJiaTa TtjncyBa BnGjinaTa KaTO HopManHa HOBennca jiHTepaTypa. BmnoHBa ce b H3BecTHHa
Ae6aT ^ajiH XpncTOC e HMaji ABe npHpo/ni (THap. uecmopucmcmeo) hjih e/nia npHpo^a (Ham>jiHO hobck h
HamjiHO Bor). PHMCKaTa HbpKBa 3aicjieftMaBa noAxoAa Ha Ahthoxhhckht6 GorocjiOBH KaTO epeTHneH h
niKonaTa ce Hajiara ^a npeMecra ceAajmmeTO ch b Ilepcna, kb/k^to BjinaHHeTO ft HaMajurea 3HaHHTenHO.
OcHOBHHTe ft xepMeHeBTHHHH npHHHHnH no-Ki>CHO 3anaraT b ocHOBaTa Ha HHTepnpeTaTHBHHa noAxoA Ha
KjiacHnecKHTe npoTecTaHTCKH pecJtopMaTopn (Kara JlyTep h KanBHH).
AHTiiTe3a. OnncaTejieH TepMHH, c koiito ce pa3rjie5K#a B3aHMOOTHonieHHeTO Me5K#y pe^OBeTe b
eBpeftcKaTa noe3Ha. 06o3Ha x iaBa ci>ceAHH ctpoiJih, kohto HMaT npoTHBonoji05KHO SHanemie (bjk. lip. 10:1,
15:1).
AnoKajiiinTiiHHa jiirrepaTypa. IipeoGjiaaaBamo, aKO He h roicjiioHHTejiHO caMO, loaeftcicH 5KaHp
JiHTepaTypa. IIpeACTaBjiaBa KpHnTHHecKH cthji Ha nncaHe, koiito npeAynpe^aBa 3a npeACToanni BpeMe Ha
HaniecTBHe h OKynauiia Ha Kweirre ot nyjiyni chjih. ,H,onycKa, ne jiHHHOCTHHaT, H3KynHTejieH Bor ci>3AaBa h
KOHTpojmpa bchhkh CBeTOBHH ci>6HTHa h He H3paHji npeACTaBjiaBa cneuiiajieH HHTepec b OHHre My.
AnoKajiHnTHHHaTa JiHTepaTypa oGemaBa, ^e HaKpaa c noMomra Ha Bora lo^eHTe me no5Ki>HaT OKOHHaTejma
noGeaa h TpnyMiJ).
5KaHpi>T e HSKJIIOHHTejIHO CHMBOJIHHeH H 06pa3eH, H3m>JIHeH C MH05KeCTBO KpHnTHHHH H3pa3H. HeCTO
npe^CTaBa ^a/iena HCTHHa c noMomra na HBeTOBe, uinjipH, BH^eHiia, cbmnna, aHrencKH nocjiaHHa, TaftHH
JIJ'MH H OCTip AyajIH3I>M Me5K£y A06pO H 3JIO.
IIpHMepn 3a to3h cthji nncaHe ca: (1) b CTapna 3aBeT - np. E3eKHji (36-48 rji.); ,H,aHaHji (7-12 ra.);
3axapna; b HoBHa 3aBeT - MaTeft 24 rji.; MapK 13 rji., II CojiyHini h KHHraTa OTKpoBemie Ha HoaH.
AnojioreT (anojioreTiiKa). CbinecTBHTejiHO ot rpi>HKHa KopeH etc SHanemie Ha „npaBHa 3aiiprra".
AnojioreTHKaTa e cneuiKJtiPiHa AHCHHnjiHHa b GorocjiOBHeTO, KoaTO ce CTpeMH ^a npe^ocTaBa CBimeTejiCTBa
h paiiHOHajiHH apryMeHTH b no^Kpena Ha xpncTHaHCKaTa Bapa.
A priori. B o6ihh jihhhh chhohhm Ha AyMara „npeApa3Ci>Ai>K''. 06o3HaHaBa MHCJieHe, ocHOBaBamo ce
Ha npe^BapHTejiHO Bi>3npHeTH /lecJiHHHHHH, npHHHHnH hjih mnnnini, kohto ce npneMaT 3a hcthhhh. C
Apyrn AyMH, anpuopu e OHOBa, KoeTO npneMaMe, 6e3 aa ro no/yiaraMe Ha npoBepKa hjih aHajiH3.
ApiiaHCTBO. Apnft e 6hji npe3BHTep Ha m>pKBaTa b AjieKcaHapna npe3 III-IV BeK cji. Xp. Cnopea
HeroBHTe TB-bp^eHHa Hcyc 6hji npe^CbmecTByBam, ho He 6o5KecTBeH (T.e. HaMaji ci>maTa npHpo^a KaTO Bor
OTeii). BepoaTHO Te3aTa My ce e rpa/iajia Ha tckct KaTO IIphthh 8:22-31. Apnft 6hji npeAH3BHKaH ot
ajieKcaH/ipHftcKHa enncKon, koiito npe3 318 r. 3anoHHa.11 ^e6aT, npoAi>Ji>KHji jxbjivm ^eceTHjieTHa.
ApnaHCTBOTO ce npeBipHajio b o(J)HiiHajiHO Bepyio Ha H3TOHHaTa utpicBa. IIo BpeMe Ha HmceftcKiia ci>6op
ot 325 r. Apnft 6hji ocb^eH Kara epeTHK, a HcycoBaTa 6o5KecTBeHOCT h paBeHCTBO c Bor OTeii 6hjih
yTBip/ieHH.
ApiiCTOTeji. E/ihh ot (J)Hjioco<J)HTe Ha ApeBHa r-bpiina, nocjieAOBaTeji Ha IIjiaTOH h ynHTeji Ha
AjieKcaH/itp BejiHKH. HeroBOTO BjinaHHe ao ash AHenieH ce 3a6ejia3Ba b MH05KecTBO cijiepn Ha
CbBpeMeHHaTa HayKa. UpHHHHara e, ne ApncTOTeji nocTaBa chjiho y/iapeHHe Ha 3HaHHeTO, KoeTO ce nocTHra
nocpe^CTBOM HaGjuoaeHHe h KjiacHfjiHuiipaHe. HMeHHO TOBa e emm ot 6ejie3HTe Ha ci>BpeMeHHHa HayneH
noflxofl.
281
ABTorpa^H. HMe, jiajieiio Ha opHrHHanHHTe GnGneHCKH nncaHHa. HbpBHTe nHCMemi p-bKonncn Ha
GnGneHCKHTe TeKCTOBe ca H3ry6eHH b HCTopnaTa. J\nec pa3nonaraMe e^HHCTBeHO c npenncH ot npenncH.
TaKtB e h3tohhhki>t Ha mhoto ot TeKCTyajiHHTe BapnaHTH Ha eBpeiiCKHTe h rp-bUKHTe MaHycKpHnTH h
ApeBHH BepCHH.
BiiG.iciicKii aBTopiiTeT. ToBa noiwTHe ce H3non3Ba b mhoto cneninjiHHeH cmhcbji. CnopeA Hero HHe
M05KeM #a pa36epeM KaKBO e Ka3an mpBOHaHajmiMT aBTop Ha cbohtc CBBpeMeHHHHH h cbiiio TaKa #a
npHji05KHM Ta3H HCTHHa KtM HaineTO e5KeAHeBHe. J\& roBopHM c GhGikhckh aBTopnTeT 03HaHaBa, ne CMe
npnejiH BnGjinaTa KaTO e^HHCTBeHO h BHCine Ham>TCTBHe b OHOBa, KoeTO Ka3BaMe. B CBeTjiHHaTa Ha
MH05KecTBOTO ci>BpeMeHHH norpeniHH HHTepnpeTaiiHH oGane a3 orpaiopiaBaM TOBa nomiTHe eAHHCTBeHO ao
OHa3H HHTepnpeTaiiHa Ha EnGjuuiTa, kojito OTroBapa Ha H3HCKBamiaTa Ha HCTopHKO-rpaMaTHHecKira mctoa.
Bezae. Tp-biiKH h naTHHCKH MaHycKpnnT ot VI Beic en. Xp. 06o3HaHeH e c GyicBaTa „D". Ci>AT>p>Ka
eBaHrenHaTa h JXquybvi Ha anocTOJiHTe, KaKTO h hhkoh ot oGnjHTe nocjiamM. XapaKrepronpa ce c
MHoroGpoHHH ^o6aBKH ot pa3JiHHHH khickhhhh. OopMHpa ocHOBaTa Ha Textus Receptus - OCHOBHHHT
rpi>HKH MaHjCKpnnT, kohto ctoh 3a# TpaAHHHHTa Ha npeBO^H KaTO KJV.
EoroBflBXHOBeHiie. ,H,OKTpHHaTa, ne Bor e roBopnn Ha HOBenecTBOTO c noMomra Ha pt>koboactbo iiaji
MH05KecTBO GhGikhckh aBTopn, kohto npeniOHO h acHO ca 3anHCBajIH HerOBOTO OTKpOBeHHe. HbJIHOTO
noHHTHe oGhkhobcho ce H3pa3aBa c Tpn noacHeHHa: (1) omxpoeemte - ne Bor ce e HaMecBan b HCTopnaTa
Ha HOBeKa; (2) doeoedhXHoeenue - ne Bor e pa3icpHBan npaBHjiHaTa HHTepnpeTanHH Ha ^eiiCTBHaTa ch h
3HaHeHHeTO hm npea onpeaejieHH noflGpami ot Hero xopa, 3a aa n 3anHinaT 3a ocTaHanHTe xopa; h (3)
npoceemjiemie - ne Bor e npeAOCTaBHji Cboji J\yx Ha xopaTa, 3a #a hm noMorHe #a pa36epaT HerOBOTO
ce6epa3KpHBaHe.
ByKBajieH. OoKycnpaH Bipxy TeiccTa h HCTopnHHOCTTa mctoa 3a xepMeHeBTHica ot Ahthoxhh
CnpHHCKa. IIpH Hero HHrepnpeTaHHHTa BKjiiOHBa HopMajmoTO h oneBH/iHOTO 3HaHeHHe Ha HOBennara e3HK,
Maicap ne ce AonycKa h H3BecTHO npncbCTBHe Ha (jmrypaTHBHa pen.
BamuKanyc. rptijKHHT MaHycKpnnT ot IV Beic en. Xp. Otkpht e b GnGjiHOTeKaTa Ha BaTHKaHa.
n-bpBOHaHajiHO ci>Ai>p>Kan CTapna 3aBeT, anoKpncJiHTe h Hobhh 3aBeT Hhkoh nacra ot Hero oGane 6hjih
H3ry6eHH (Ewiue, IIcajiMH, EBpen, nacTHpcKHTe nocnaHHa, Ohjihmoh h OTKpoBemie). MHoro none3eH
p-bKonnc 3a onpe/iejiaHeTO Ha opHrHHanHHa cjiOBopea Ha aBTorpacJtHTe. 06o3HaHeH e c rnaBHa naTHHCKa
6yKBa„B".
Biicui Kpirnimohvi. nponeaypa 3a HHTepnpeTauHa Ha GhGikhckh TeKCTOBe, kohto ce (JiOKycnpa Bipxy
HCTopHnecKara oGcTaHOBKa h jiHTepaTypHaTa CTpyKTypa Ha cbOTBeraaTa GnGjieiiCKa KHHra.
Bymama. HMero Ha jiaTHHCKHH npeBOA Ha EnGjuMTa ot HepHOHHM Ejia5KeHH. CTaBa ocHOBa Ha THap.
..ocHOBeH" hjih „o6m" npeBOA Ha PHMOKaTonHHecKara HbpKBa. HanpaBeH e cneA 380 r. en. Xp.
rHOCTimrotM. noBeneTO hh H3BecTHH no3Hamia 3a Ta3H epec H^BaT ot rHOCTHnecKH nncaHHa ot II BeK
en. Xp. H/ieHTe Ha ABH5KeHHeTO oGane ce noaBaBaT ome npe3 1 BeK.
ETO HHKOH OT nO-H3BeCTHHTe TBl>pAeHHa Ha BaneHTHaHCKHH H IiepHHTHaHCIOM rHOCTHL(H31>M ot II BeK:
(1) MarepiMTa h /jyxbT ca Qmwsso BenHO ci>mecTByBamH (THap. ..OHTonorHHecKH AyajiH3i>M"). MaTepnaTa
e 3jio, a AyxbT e Ao6po. Bor e ayx h 3aTOBa He M05Ke npaKO ^a ce BKjnoHBa b (JiopMnpaHeTO Ha 3naTa
MaTepna. (2) CinjecTByBaT eMaHaiiHH (eouu hjih aHrencKH HHBa) Mesiyiy Bora h MaTepnaTa. Haii-HHCKOTO ot
Te3H HHBa e 6hji CTapo3aBeTHHaT YHWH, kohto e (JtopMnpan Ta3H BceneHa (kocmoco). (3) Hcyc e 6hji
eMaHaniM KaTO YHWH, ho ot ho-bhcoko paBHHme, no-6jiH30 ao hcthhciom Bor. IBtkoh thocthiih ^opn
nocTaBaT Hcyc Ha Haii-BHCOKOTO hhbo npe/in Bora, ho onpeAeneHO He e Bor, hhto ni>K e Binji-bmeHHe Ha
Bora (b5k. HoaH 1:14). Cneji KaTO MaTepnaTa e 3jio, HHMa KaK Hcyc ^a e HMan Tajio Ha hobck h
ci>meBpeMeHHO ^a e HMan 6o5KecTBeHOCT CneAOBaTejiHO e 6hji nyxoBeH (JiaHTOM (bjk. I HoaH 1:1-3; 4:1-6).
(4) CnaceHneTO ce nocTHra nocpe^CTBOM Bapa b Hcyc nmo c onpeneneHO TaiiHO no3HaHHe, KoeTO e
H3BecTHO Ha MajniHHa cneiiHajiHH xopa. ToBa no3HaHHe (bha naponu) e 6hjio HeoGxoAHMO, 3a Jia M05Ke
HOBeK r& npeMHHe npe3 HeGecHHTe ccjiepn. 3a AOCTHraHe Ha Bora e 6hji Hy5KeH h onpe/iejieH KweiiCKH
jierajiH3i>M.
THOCTHHecKHTe ji-baceyHHTejiH 3amHTaBanH /ipe npoTHBonoji05KHH HpaBCTBeHH cncTeMH. (A) CnopeA
282
hhkoh ceraniHHHT hh HaHHH Ha 5khbot HHMa HHKaKBa Bpi>3Ka etc cnaceHHeTO. Te CMaTaT, ne cnaceHneTO H
AyxoBHOCTTa ca KancymrpaHH b Tamo 3HaHHe (napo.uu), KoeTO M&a AOCTtn ^o Bora npe3 aHrejiCKnre
ccjiepn (eouu). (E) Cnope/i Apyrn cerammiaT 5khbot HMa kjhohobo OTHomemie kt>m cnaceHHeTO. Te
nocTaBaT y^apemie Ha aciceTHHHHJi HanHH Ha jkhbot KaTO CBH^eTejiCTBO 3a Hajnpnie Ha HcraHcica
AyXOBHOCT.
^BycMHCJiiie. KaTO TepMHH Ta3H aynia Kacae o6i>pKBaHeTO, KoeTO Bi>3HHKBa, KoraTO jiajieii nncMeH
AOKyMeHT M05Ke aa HMa noBene ot e/nro 3HaHeHHe hjih Koraxo b Hero ce Ka3Bar ppe hjih noBene Hema
e^HOBpeMeHHO. Bi>3mo5kho e HoaH ^a e npnGarBaji iiejieHaconeHO kt>m no/ioGHa MeTO/mica (xHap. double
entendres).
fleflyKTiiBeH mcto/i. MeTOA 3a jionpiecKO pa3ci>5KAeHHe, kohto H3xo5K#a ot oGinHTe npHHiumH h
npeMHHaBa ki>m KomcpeTHHTe npHji05KeHHH nocpe^CTBOM oGMHCJurae. IIpoTHBonoji05KeH e Ha HH/ryKTHBHOTO
pa3Ci>acAeHHe, npn KoeTO HayHHHHT mctoa npeMHHaBa ot HaGjnoAemie Ha cneninjiHHHa KOHKpeTHKa kbm
o6ihh 3aKjiio x ieHHa (hjih TeopHH).
fliiajieKTHHeH MeTOfl. MeroA Ha jionpiecKO pa3Ci>5KAeHHe, npn kohto HaicaKBO npoTHBopeHireo hjih
napa^OKcajiHO TBip/ieHHe ce no/WT>p>Ka b Hanpe5KeHHe, 3a ^a ce OTKpne emmeH OTroBop, kohto BKjnoHBa h
ABeTe CTpaHH Ha napa/iOKca. Mhoto GnGjiencKH aoktphhh HMaT jipe nacTH: npeAonpeAejiemie cpemy
CBoGo^Ha BOJia; cnrypHOCT cpemy ycToaBaHe; Bapa cpemy aejia; pememie cpemy ynempiecTBo;
xpHCTHaHCKa CBoGo/ia cpemy xpHCTHHHCKa OTroBopHOCT
fliiacnopa. TexmpiecKH rpi>HKH TepMHH, H3noji3BaH ot najiecTHHCKHTe lO^eH, 3a #a onncBaT ppyrwre
KweH, kohto 5KHBeaT otbi>a reorpaijiCKHTe rpaHHHH Ha OGeinaHara 3eMa.
/I,iiiiaviiiHCii eKBimajieHT. Teopna 3a HHrepnpeTanHa Ha BnGjinaTa. EnGjieiiCKHJiT npeBOfl M05Ke js,a ce
pa3rjie5iyia hjih KaTO (a) KOHTHHyyM ot cbOTBeTCTBHH ,,/ryMa ki>m jiyua", npn KoeTO KOHKpeTHa cbBpeMemia
Ay Ma ipaGBa aa ce npeaocTaBa ci>OTBeTHO 3a Bcaica eBpeiiCKa hjih rp-bnica ay Ma; hjih KaTO (6) „nepH(j)pa3a",
npn kohto caMO MHCBJiTa ce npeBe5K#a, 6e3 #a ce npH/rtp}KaMe TB-bp^e 6jih30 ao opnrHHajiHHTe /ryMH h
H3pa3H. IIo cpe^aTa Me5iyry Te3H jipe TeopHH ce HaMnpa (b) „AHHaMHHHHJiT eKBHBajieHT", kohto ce onHTBa
Aa Bi>3npHeMa opnrHHajiHHa tckct cepno3HO, ho ^a ro npeBe^a c noMomTa Ha ci>BpeMeHHH rpaMaTHnecKH
(J)OpMH H H/JHOMH. HCTHHCKH /K>6pO pa3rpaHHHeHHe Me5K^y Te3H pa3JIHHHH nOAXOAH M05KeM J1& HaMepHM B
cjie/mHTe nocoGna: Fee and Stuart, How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth, CTp. 35; Robert Bratcher,
Introduction to the TEV.
floKajaTejiCTBeH nponiiT. IIpaKTHKaTa aa ce HHrepnpeTHpa IlHcaHHeTO npe3 inrrapaHe Ha CTHxoBe,
6e3 aa ce o6pi>ma BHHMamie Ha HenocpeACTBemui hjih Ha oGmna kohtckct b CBOTBeraaTa jiHTepaiypHa
eAHHHiia. To3H no/ixoA H3Ba5Kna CTHxoBeTe ot HaMepemieTO Ha opnrHHajiHHa aBTop h o6hkhob6ho BKjnoHBa
onHT ^a ce AOKa5Ke HaKaKBO jihhho CTaHOBHme c no30BaBaHe Ha aBTopnreTa Ha BnGjinaTa.
EK3ere3a. TexHHHecKH TepMHH 3a TbjncyBaHeTO Ha KOHKpeTeH naca5K. 03HaHaBa „H3Be5K/iaHe" (ot
TeKCTa). LJejiTa e ^a pa36epeM HaMepeHneTO Ha opnrHHajiHHa aBTop b CBeTjiHHaTa Ha HCTopHHecKaTa
oGcTaHOBKa, Ha jiHTepaiypHHa kohtckct, Ha CHHTaKcnca h Ha ci>BpeMeHHOTO jieKCHicajiHO 3HaHeHHe.
EKjieKTiineH. IIoHaTHe bi>b Bpi>3Ka c TeKCiyajiHHa kphthiih3i>m. OTHaca ce 3a npaKTHKaTa ^a ce H36iipa
Me5K/ry pa3JiHHHHTe rpiinoi MaHycKpnnTH, 3a ^a ce AOCTHrHe ao tckct, kohto 6h ipaGBajio #a e bi>3mo5kho
Haii-6jiH30 ao opnrHHajiHHTe aBTorpacJiH. Otxbi>pjiji Bi>3rjieAa, ne HHKoe ot rpi>iiKHTe ceMeiiCTBa
MaHycKpnnTH e opHrHHajmoTO.
EcTecTBeHO OTKpoBeHiie. KaTeropna Ha Bo5KHeTO ce6epa3KpnBaHe npeA xopaTa. BmnoHBa ecTecTBeHHa
peA Ha HemaTa (Phmji. 1:19-20) h MopajiHaTa ciBecT y HOBeKa (Phmji. 2:14-15). 3a Hero ce roBopn b
IIcajiOM 19:1-6 h Phmjihhh 1-2 ra. Pa3JiHnaBa ce ot cneifuamomo omxpoeenue, KoeTO e Bo5kh3t KOHKpeTeH
HanHH Ra pa3Kpne ce6e ch npe3 BnGjinaTa h HaH-Bene npe3 jiHHHOCTTa Ha Hcyc ot Ha3apex
Ta3H GorocjiOBCKa KaTeropna nojrynaBa Aoni>jiHHTejieH aKijeHT ot #BH5KeHHeTO H a OHe3H xpncTHaHH,
kohto noAAi>p>KaT TeopnaTa 3a „CTapaTa 3eMa" (bjk. HanpHMep CBHHHeHHaTa Ha Xio Poc). Te H3noji3BaT
ecTecTBeHOTO (hjih „o6iik>to") OTKpoBeHHe, 3a ^a noconaT, ne BcaKa HCTHHa Ha Ta3H 3eMa e Bojkhji HCTHHa.
ripHpoflaTa e OTBopeHa BpaTa ki>m 3HamieTO 3a Bora. HeinioTO nocjiaHne ce pa3JiHHaBa ot TOBa Ha
283
cneiinajiHOTO OTKpoBemie (EnGjiiuiTa). Ta aaBa Ha CBBpeMeHHaTa HayKa CBoGoaaTa aa rocjieABa npiipoflHitH
pe# Ha HemaTa. IIo Moe MHemie TOBa e npeicpacHa HOBa bi>3mo5khoct ^a CBH^eTejiCTBaMe Ha cbBpeMeHmrre
yneHH ^nec.
ETiiMOJioniH. AcneKT Ha neKCHKajiHO H3CJie/rBaHe, kohto ce onHTBa ^a ycTaHOBH mpBOHaHajiHOTO
3HaHeHHe Ha Bcaica /ryMa. Ot 3HaHeHHeTO Ha KopeHa mojkcm no-necHO ^a H^eHTHcJiHHHpaMe no-Kbcmrre
cneiiHajiH3HpaHH ynoTpeGn. IIpH nponeca Ha GnGjieiiCKa HHreprrpeTaiiiui He eTHMOJioriuiTa, a
CbBpeMeHHOTO 3HaHeHHe Ha jiyuwre e ot ochobch HHrepec.
)KaHp. OpeHCKO noiwTHe, KoeTO o6o3HaHaBa pa3JiHHHHTe BujioBe jiHTepaTypa. B cbmHocrra Ha
TepMHHa e cneninjiHKaTa Ha jiHTepaTypHH (jiopMH, pa3npeAejieHH b KaTeropHH, kohto cnoAejiaT o6ihh
xapaKTepncTHKH: HCToprrqecKH HapaTHB, noe3HJi, npHTna, anoKajnniTHKa, 3aKOHOAarejiCTBO.
HflHOM. Opa3H, kohto ca ce o6oco6hjih c KOHKpeTHO coGcTBeHO 3HaHeHHe b jiajieiia KyjiTypa, 6e3 ^a
HMa 3aAtJi>KHTejiHa Bpi>3Ka c oGiPiaHHOTO 3HaHeHHe Ha Bcaica OT/iejiHa jxyMa b Tax. ObBpeMemiH npHMepn:
„y5icacHO Ao6i>p" hjih ..HanpaBO Me y6n". EnGjiiuiTa ci>mo Cb/n>p>Ka TaKHBa BH^OBe (Jipa3H.
HHflyKTiiBeH MeTOfl. MeTOA Ha jionrqecKO pa3Ci>5KZieHHe, kohto H3X05iyia ot KomcpeTmrre Hema kbm
oGihoto. TaKbB e eMnHpHHHHHT MeTOA Ha CBBpeMeHHaTa HayKa. OcHOBaBa ce Han-Bene Ha no/rxoAa Ha
ApHCTOTejI.
HHTepjiiiHeapeH. H3CJieAOBaTejiCKH no/rxoA, AaBam bi>3mo5khoct Ha OHe3H, kohto He pa36npaT e3HHirre
Ha EnGnHJiTa, #a aHajironpaT SHanemieTO h CTpyKTypaTa Ha opHrHHanHHTe TeKCTOBe. Hor BcaKa pyMa ot
Aa/ieH CBBpeMeHeH npeBOA napajiejrao ce pa3nonara opHrHHajiHOTO nomiTHe Ha eBpeiiCKH. B cbneTamie c
..aHajiHTHHHHa neKCHKOH" TOBa nocoGne me bh noMara ^a OTT>5K/iecTBaBaTe (JiopMHTe h ocHOBHHTe 3HaHeHHa
Ha ayMHTe b eBpeiiCKHa h rptuKHH.
KaHOH. HaHMeHOBaHne Ha nncaHHa, 3a kohto ce CMaTa, ne ca GoroB/rtxHOBemi no ymncajieH HanHH.
IIoHaTHeTO ce H3noji3Ba KaKTO 3a CTapira, TaKa h 3a Hobhh 3aBeT
KoMeHTap. CneiiHajiH3HpaH bha rocjieflOBaTejiCKO nocoGne. npeaocTaBa o6ihhh (Jioh 3a p,ap,eiia
GnGneiiCKa KHHra. Hjikoh KOMenrapH ce KOHHempHpaT Bipxy TOBa, KaK ce npnnara tckctit, ^OKaTO ppyrn
6opaB3T npe^HMHO c TexmrqecKHTe Binpocn okojio H3rpa5K#aHeTO Ha caMHH tckct. IIoaoGhh HHCTpyMeHTH
ca HeoGxoAHMH, ho cjie/TBa aa ce H3non3BaT e/TBa cjiea KaTO hobck ch e HanpaBHji npe/TBapHTejiHOTO jihhho
H3CneABaHe Ha cbOTBeraaTa KHHra. HHrepnpeTaHHHTe Ha KOMeHTaTopa mncora He TpaGBa ^a ce npneMaT
6e3KpHTHHHO. 06hkhob6ho ce npenoptHBa ^a ce npaBH cinocTaBKa ue^Kjiy GorocjiOBCKHTe rae/rHH tohkh
Ha HHKOJIKO pa3JIHHHH KOMeHTapa.
KoHKopaaHC. H3CJieAOBaTejiCKO nocoGne 3a roynaBaHe Ha BnGjinaTa. H36poaBa bchhkh npoaBH Ha
Aa/ieHa jxyMa b CTapira 3aBeT h Hobhh 3aBeT IIojie3HO e b hhkojiko OTHOineHHa: (1) 3a onpe/iejiaHe Ha
eBpeiicKaTa hjih rp-biiKaTa AyMa, kojito ctoh 3a onpeAeneHa ci>BpeMeHHa AyMa; (2) 3a cbnocTaBaHe Ha
TeKCTOBe, b kohto ce cpema e/iHa h ci>ma eBpeiicKa hjih rpmra ayMa; (3) 3a noKa3BaHe Kbp,e ABe pa3JiHHHH
AyMH b opnrHHajia ce npeBe^aT c e/iHO h ci>ino noHaTHe Ha CBBpeMeHeH e3HK; (4) 3a npe/iCTaBaHe Ha
necTOTaTa Ha ynoTpeGa Ha onpe/iejieHH jiyuu npn onpe/iejieHH KHHrn hjih aBTopn; (5) 3a OTKpimaHe Ha
ff,aff,en GnGjieiiCKH tckct (bjk. Walter Clark, How to Use New Testament Greek Study Aids, cip. 54-55).
Jlerajiioi.M. ToBa OTHoniemie ce xapaKTepH3Hpa etc CBpi>x rojwMO y^apeHHe Bi>pxy npaBHjiaTa h
pniyajiHTe. HMa TeH/ieHiiHa %a ynoBaBa Ha HOBeniKHTe nocTH>KeHHa KaTO cpe^CTBO 3a Aocrbn ao Bora.
06e3iieHaBa B3aHMOOTHonieHiuiTa h nocTaBa cnjieH aioieHT Bi>pxy nocTH5KeHH3Ta, BinpeKH ne b 3aBeTa
Me5K/ry CBaTHa Bor h na^HajiOTO b rpax HOBenecTBO HaH-ci>mecTBeHOTO ca HMemio B3aHMOOTHOineHHaTa
Me5K/ry Hero h xopaTa.
JIiiTepaTypa Ha MtapocTTa. JlHTepaiypeH 5KaHp, nonyjiapeH b Bjih3khh h3tok (a h b cbBpeMeHHiia
cbjit). npe^CTaBjiaBa onHT 3a HHCTpyKTHpaHe Ha cjie^BamoTO noKOJiemie c HacoKH 3a cnojiynjiKBHa 5khbot
nocpe^CTBOM noe3HH, noroBopKH hjih eceTa. A/rpecnpa ce no-CKopo ki>m OT^ejiHiui HHTaTeji, otkojikoto ki>m
uajiocTHaTa oGihhoct. He ynoTpeGaBa KOHKpeTHH HCTopHnecKH ajno3HH, ho ce ocHOBaBa Ha 5KHTeiiCKH
npeMe5K^Ha h HaGjnoaeHHa. B BnGjinaTa ot KHHraTa Ha Hob ao neceH Ha necHHTe npneMaT npHCbCTBHero h
284
noKjiOHeHHeTO npeA YHWH, MaKap ne no/ioGeH pejnirH03eH Mnporjie/i He ce npoaBjrea OTaBjieHO bi>b bcako
HOBeniKD npe5KHBaBaHe.
KaTO 5KaHp jiHTepaTypaTa Ha M-b^pocTra H3ica3Ba ochobhh hcthhh. OGane 5KaHpi>T He M05Ke %a ce
npnuara bi>b BCjnca eRWi KOHKpeTHa CHiyauHJi. CtmecTByBaT o6ihh TB-bp^eHHJi, kohto HeBHHara ce
npnnaraT ki>m BcaKa cneuiKJiHHHa oGcTaHOBica.
CTaposaBeTHHTe M-b^peuH ca ch no3BOJiaBajiH ^a 3a/iaBaT Tpyjimrre Binpocn Ha 5KHBOTa. HecTO ca
npoBOKHpanH TpaAHiiHOHHHTe penHrH03HH Bi>3rjieAH (b5k. Hanp. Hop h EKjiHcnacT). B to3h cmhcbji ponaTa
hm RowLKbRe e aa (JtopMnpaT 6ajiaHC h Hanpe5KeHHe ki>m CKjioHHOCTTa ^a ^aBaivie necHH OTroBopn Ha
5KHTeHCKHTe TpareAHH.
JIiiTeparypeH >Kanp Oraaca ce kbm hhkoh KOHKpeTHH (JiopMH Ha KOMyHHicaiiHJi KaTO noe3HHTa hjih
HCTopHHecKHa HapaTHB. BceKH THn jiHTepaTypa npHre5KaBa cboh coGcTBemi xepMeHeBTHnecKH npoue/iypH
HapeA c oGiHirre npHHHHnH, kohto ce OTHacaT kt>m uajiaTa nncMeHa JiHTepaTypa.
JIiiTepaTypHa c^iiiniua. OTHaca ce 3a ochobhht6 mhcjiobhh eAHHHHH b jiajieiia GnGjieiicKa KHHra.
Mo5Ke aa 6i>Ae CbCTaBeHa ot hhkojiko CTHxa, hhkojiko a63aua hjih ^opn hhkojiko uejiH raaBH. npeACTaBjuma
3aBi>pnieHa CMHCJiOBa eAHHHua c e^na ocHOBHa Bi>TpeniHa TeMa.
Hl-ICUI KpiITIIUIBBM. B)K. TEKCTYAJIEH KPHTHL[H3'LM.
OnucaTejieH e3iiK. H3noji3Ba ce bi>b Bpi>3Ka c H/pioMHTe Ha TeKCTa Ha CTapna 3aBeT OnncBa Hanina
cbht c noMomra na Hema, kohto M05KeM ^a yceTHM c Hjncoe ot neTre ch ceTHBa. He e HayneH mctoa 3a
onncaHHe, hhto e 3aMHCJiaH KaTO TaKbB.
MaHycKpiinT (ptKomic). nomiTHe 3a pa3JiHHHHTe Konna Ha opnrHHajiHHa rpi>HKH Hob 3aBeT
OGnKHOBeHO ce pa3flejMT Ha ABa rana cnopea (1) MaTepnajia, Bi>pxy kohto ca 3anncaHH (nannpyc, K05Ka)
hjih (2) (JiopMaTa Ha nncaHeTO (c raaBHH ovkbh hjih cjihto).
MacopemcKU meKcm. EBpencKH MaHycicpHnTH Ha CTapna 3aBeT ot IX BeK cji. Xp., ci>CTaBeHH ot
HHKOJIKO nOKOJieHHH MAeHCKH KHH5KHHHH. Cl>AI>P>KaT TJiaCHH 6yKBH H APy™ TeKCTyajIHH 6ejie5KKH.
OopMHpaT OCHOBHHH TeKCT, OT KOHTO /XHeC npeBe5K^aMe CTapHH 3aBeT Ha CbBpeMeHHH e3HHH.
ABTeHTHHHOCTTa Ha MacopeTCKHa tckct e noTB-bp^eHa HCTopmecKH ot eBpeiicKHTe MaHycKTpHnTH -
ocoGeHO Hcaa, - no3HaTH KaTO CKpicKajnrre ot Mi>ptbo Mope. CiKpamaBa ce ,,MT".
MeTOHiiMiiH. Onrypa Ha penTa, npn kohto hmcto Ha Jiajieii npe^ivieT ce H3noji3Ba 3a o6o3HaHaBaHe Ha
Hemo Apyro, CBi>p3aHO c Hero. HanpHMep ropenefflieTO ,HaHHHKi>T KHnHa" Ha npaKraica 03HaHaBa, ne e
KHnHajia BO^aTa b Hero.
MypamopuciHCKU (ppazMenmu. CnncbK c KaHompiecKHTe KHHrn Ha Hobhh 3aBeT CiCTaBeH e b Phm
okojio 200 r. cji. Xp. H36poaBa aGcojiiOTHO cbiHirre ABaiiceT h ce/ieM KHHrn, kohto ^nec CBCTaBjisreaT
CbBpeMeHHHa Hob 3aBeT ToBa jicho noKa3Ba, ne MecTHHTe hi>pkbh H3 pa3JiHHHH nacTH Ha PHMCicaTa
HMnepiM Ha npaKTHKa Bene ca H3noji3BajiH KaHOHa ^ajien npeAH (JiopMajiHOTO My OAoGpemie ot oGmirre
ifbpKOBHH ci>6opH npe3 IV BeK.
HecTopiiaHCTBO. HecropHH 6hji KOHCTaHTHHonojiCKH naTpnapx npe3 V BeK, ynnji npe/iH TOBa b
Ahthoxh3 CnpHHCKa. Tbi>pasiji, ne Hcyc Xphctoc Hiia jipe npnpoAH - e^Ha HamjiHO HOBeniKa h ejma
HamjiHO 6o5KecTBeHa. Bi>3rjieAi>T ce pa3JiHHaBaji ot ochobhoto opTOAOKcajiHO CTaHOBHme Ha
AjieKcaH/ipHHCKaTa m>pKBa 3a e^HHHaTa npHpo^a Ha Hcyc. Ochobhoto Bi>3pa5KeHHe Ha HecTopnii 6hjio
cpemy npo3BHmeTO „6oropoAHua", npHnncBaHO Ha Mapna. Cpemy HecTopmi ce H3npaBHji enncKon Knpnji
AjieKcaH/ipHHCKH, KaKTO h poAnaTa My AHTHOxHHCKa niKOJia. Ahthoxhs 6njia iieHTtp-bT Ha hctophko-
rpaMaTHHecKO-TeKCTyajiHHa noAxoA 3a HHrepnpeTHpaHe Ha BnGjinaTa, AOKaTO AjieKcaH^pna no/wi>p>Kajia
HeTHpHKpaTHHa (ajieropHHecKn) noAxoA 3a HHrepnpeTaHHH. B KpaiiHa CMeTKa HecTopnii 6hji OTCTpaHeH ot
AJII>>KHOCT H OTJTbHeH.
OpiiniHaneH aBTop. Hcthhckhjit aBTop, kohto e nncaji jiajieiia GnGjieiicKa KHHra.
OircpoBeHiie. npe^CTaBaTa, ne Bor roBopn Ha HOBenecTBOTO. Hijihoto noHaTHe ce H3pa3aBa c Tpn
285
TepMHHa: (1) OTicpoBeHHe - ne Bor ce HaMecBa b HCTopHHTa; (2) B/rbXHOBemie - ne Ton e naji npaBHjiHO
oGacHeHne 3a neiiCTBHJiTa ch h 3HaHeHHeTO hm npen onpenejiemi nonGpami xopa, kdhto na ro 3anHinaT 3a
ocTaHanHTe xopa; h (3) npocBeTjiemie - ne Ton e nan Cboji flyx, 3a na noiviara Ha xopaTa na pa36npaT
ce6epa3KpHBaHeTO My.
Ilaniipycii. Bha MaTepnaji 3a nncaHe ot Ernnex H3pa6oTBaji ce e ot penHa TptCTHica. Bipxy TaKbB
MaTepnan ca 6hjih 3anHCBami Haii-npeBHHTe koiihji Ha rpi>HKHJi Hob 3aBex
IlapajiejiHii naca/Kii. HacT ot irpeneTaBaTa, ne uanaTa EhGjihh e GoroB/rtxHOBeHa h cjienoBaTejiHO caMa
oGacmiBa ce6e ch h caivta Bi>3CTaHOBaBa paBHOBecneTO Me5iyry npoTHBopenaiHHTe ch hcthhh b Hea. ToBa e
ot orpoMHa noji3a, KoraTO hobck ce onHTBa na HHTepnpeTHpa aaaeH HeaceH hjih npycMHCJieH tckct. IIoMara
cbiho h na OTKpneM Haft-acHiM naca5K no aaaeHa TeMa, KaKTO h bchhkh npyrn GnGjiencKH acneKTH Ha nanen
Binpoc.
IIepii(j)pa3a. HaHMeHOBaHne Ha enHa ot TeopHHre 3a npeBon Ha BnGjinaTa. Pa3Hoo6pa3HHre (JtopMH Ha
GnGneHCKH npeBon BapnpaT ot 6yKBajiHOTO cnoBecHO ci>OTBeTCTBHe (npn KoeTO KOHKpeTHa nHenraa nyMa
TpaGBa na ce npenocTaBH 3a BcaKa eBpeiiCKa hjih rp-biuca nyMa) no nepH(J>pa3ara (npn kojito caMO MHCbJiTa
ce npeBe5KZia, 6e3 na ce ti>pch 6yKBajiH3i>M no OTHomemie Ha OTnejimne nyMH h H3pa3n). Me5iyry Te3H nva
nonxona ce HaMHpa THap. ^HHaMHHeH eKBHBajieHT", kohto ce CTpeMH na npneivie cepH03HO opHrHHajmiui
TeKCT, ho na ro npeBe5Kna c noMonrra Ha CBBpeMeHHH e3HKOBH (JiopMH h h/thomh. Hcthhckh npGpo
pa3rpaHHneHHe Mexny Te3H pa3JiHHHH noflxo/ni M05KeM na HaMepHM b cjienHHre nocoGna: Fee and Stuart,
How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth, crp. 35.
napaflOKC. OTHaca ce 3a OHe3H hcthhh, kohto 3BynaT bh/thmo npoTHBopenHBO, ho b cbihoto BpeMe ca
e^HOBpeMeHHO BepHH h hcthhhh, Maxap h b Hanpe5KeHHe noMesK/ry ch. Te orpa5Knar c paivnca HCTHHaTa ot
ABeTe h CTpaHH. MHoro ot hctkhhtb b EnGjuMTa ce H3pa3aBaT c noMonrra na napanoKCHH (hjih
AHajieKTHHeCKH) flBOHKH. BnGjieHCKHTe HCTHHH He Ca CaMOCTOflTejIHH 3Be3AH, a nO-CKOpO CI>3Be3AHa,
H3ipaAeHH ot cbneTaHHeTO Me5iyry 3Be3nHTe.
IIjiaTOH. OhjiocoiJ) ot npeBHa Ejia^a. ®Hjioco<j)HHTa My OKa3Ba chjiho BjiHamie Bi>pxy paHHaTa m>pKBa
nocpe^CTBOM KmDKHHHHTe ot AjieKcaHnpira, ErnneT h no-KbCHO nocpencTBOM ABrycTHH Ejia5KeHH. rijiaTOH
tbi>pah, ne BcaKO Hemo Ha 3eMaTa e HjiK)3opHO h caMO OTpa3aBa /ryxoBeH apxeTHn. BorocjiOBHTe no-KbCHO
npnpaBHaBaT „(J)opMHre h unewre" Ha rijiaTOH c nyxoBHHH cbjit ot BnGjinaTa.
IIpeflpa3CBflijK. HarneTO npenBapHTejiHO rorpaneHO CTaHOBHiue no naneHa TeMa . HecTO mie
(JiopMHpaMe MHeHneTO ch h npHCb^HTe ch othocho onpeneJieH Binpoc npenn ome na CMe nonxoniuiH ki>m
riHcaHHeTO. rioAoGHa npenBapHrejiHa Harjiaca e no3HaTa ci>mo KaTO no3HHHJi anpuopu, npe3yMnHHa hjih
MHporjieA-
IIpocBeTjieHiie. ripencTaBaTa, ne Bor e roBopHji Ha HOBenecTBOTO. n-bjiHOTO noHaTHe ce H3pa3aBa c Tpn
TepMHHa: (1) OTKpoBeHHe - ne Bor ce HaMecBa b HCTopnaTa; (2) B^ixHOBeHHe - ne Toil e nan npaBHjiHO
oGacHeHne 3a ^encTBHaTa ch h 3HaHeHHeTO hm npeA onpe/iejieHH no^GpaHH xopa, kohto ^a ro 3anHinaT 3a
ocTaHajiHTe xopa; h (3) npocBeTjiemie - ne Ton e aaji Cboji Jfyx, 3a ^a noMara Ha xopaTa ^a pa36npaT
ce6epa3KpHBaHeTO My.
PaBiincKii K»flaH3i.M. ETan ot 5KHBOTa Ha MAeHCKHa HapoA, kohto 3anoHBa npe3 enoxaTa Ha
BaBHjiOHCKHH (586-538 r. np. Xp.). Koraro BjiHHHHeTO Ha CBemeHHiiHTe h Ha XpaMa 6nBa OTCTpaHeHO,
MecTHHTe CHHarorn ce npeBpi>maT b ueHTip Ha KyieHCKHJi jkhbot. Te3H mccthh neHTpoBe 3a lo^eHCKa
Kyjiiypa, oGmeHne, noKjiOHemie h H3yHaBaHe Ha riHcaHHaTa ce npeBp-bina B ocHOBaTa Ha oGihhocthhji
pejrarH03eH jkhbot. ripn na/iaHeTO Ha EpycajiHM npe3 70 r. en. Xp. KHioKHHHecKaTa (JtopMa, aoMHHHpaHa ot
(JtapHcenre, KOHTpojinpa HacoicaTa Ha pejmrH03HHJi jkhbot y MneHTe. Ton ce xapaKrepronpa c npaKTHnecKH
h necTO jierajiHCTHHHH rbjiKyBaHHa Ha Topama npe3 noacHeHHaTa Ha ycTHaTa TpaaraiHa (TcuiMydhtn).
PtKoniicii ot MtpTBO Mope. nopenHiia /rpeBHH TeKCTOBe, nncaHH Ha eBpeiicKH h apaMeiicKH, otkphth
b HenocpencTBeHa 6jih30Ct no Mi>ptbo Mope npe3 1947 r. IIpencTaBjiaBaT pejrarH03HH GnGjiHOTeicH Ha
CeKTaHTCKHa K)aaH3I>M OT I BeK CJI. Xp. HaTHCKlT OT pHMCKHTe OKynaTOpH H 3HJIOTCKHTe BOHHH OT
IHeiiceTTe roaHHH rn nonTHKBaT na norbpcaT y6e5KHme 3a CKpicKajinre. riocTaBajiH ca rn b xepMeTHnecKH
286
3aTBopeHH niHHeHH ci>AOBe b nemepn hjih nuaHHHCKH nemiaTHHH. Te3H TeKCTOBe jmec hh noMaraT #a
pasGnpaivie no-^oGpe HCTopirqecKaTa oGcTaHOBKa b IlajiecTHHa ot Hbpbh BeK h noTBi>p5KAaBaT, ne
MacopemcKume mexcmoee ca roicjiiOHHTejiHO npeiiii3HH noHe mo ce oraaca ao paHHHTe BeKDBe npe/ni
XpncTOC. yneHHTe necTO rn HapirqaT ,,DSS" (ot am-ji. Dead Sea Scrolls).
CeiviaHTiiHHO nojie. HajiocTHiiaT o6xBaT ot SHaneHna, CBi>p3aHH c jiajieiia jiyMa. B Hero ce BKjnoHBaT
BCHHKH BI>3M05KHH KOHOTaiXHH, KOHTO IipHTe5KaBa /TyMaTa B pa3JIHHHH KOHTeKCTH.
CenmyazuHma. HaHMeHOBaHHeTO Ha rpi>nKHa npeBOA Ha CTapna 3aBeT CnopeA Tpa/nmnaTa e
H3pa6oTeH 3a ce/ieivweceT #eHa ot ce^eM/ieceT KweHCKH khickhhuh 3a AjieKcaH/rpHiicKaTa GnGjiHOTeica b
ErnneT TpaAHiniOHHaTa My ^ariipoBKa e okojio 250 r. np. Xp. (ho Ha npaierHKa ca 6hjih Heo6xo/niMH Ha#
cto toahhh 3a H3roTB3HeTO My). To3H npeBOA e ocoGeHO 3HaHHTejieH, noHe5Ke (1) hh npeAOCTaBa
AOCTarbHHO ApeBeH tckct, c kohto moskcm ^a ctnocTaBaMe MacopeTCKHa tckct; (2) hh noKa3Ba
CbCToaHHeTO Ha KyieiiCKaTa npeBOAanecKa TpaAHniia ot III-II bck np. Xp.; (3) hh pa3icpHBa ioachckoto
MecnaHCKO pa36HpaHe OTirpe/ni enoxaTa Ha Hcyc. yHemne ro H3noji3BaT etc cbRpamemieTO ,,LXX".
CunaumuKyc. rp-bUKH p-bKonnc ot IV BeK en. Xp. Otkpht e ot HeMCKHa yneH THineH^opiJ) ix>
MaHacTHpa ,,Cb. KaTepHHa" Ha fl,5Ke6en Myca - TpaAHiniOHHOTO Macro Ha Bpi>x CHHaii. MaiiycKpHnrbT e
o6o3HaHeH c m>pBaTa 6yKBa Ha eBpeiicKaTa a36yica ..ajiecjr [S]. Cb/ri>p5Ka KaKTO LXX Ha C3, TaKa h rp-bUKiia
H3.
Ciihohiimii. IIoHaTHa c e/niaKBO hjih cxo/tho SHanemie (MaKap ne Ha npaKTHKa e HeBi>3M05KHO jipe jiyuu
p,a HMaT H3HHJIO e/niaKBO ceMamrpiHO 3acrbnBaHe). Bpi>3KaTa Me5iyry Tax e TOJiKOBa 6jiH3Ka, ne necTO MoraT
Aa ce 3aMecTBaT B3aHMHO b AaaeHO rapenemie, 6e3 aa HMa ocoGeHa 3ary6a Ha SHanemieTO. IIoHaTHeTO ce
H3non3Ba h 3a o6o3HaHaBaHe Ha e/nia ot Tpme (JiopMH Ha eBpeiiCKiia noeTiPiecKH napajiejni3i>M. B to3h
cmhcbji noHaTHeTO ce oraaca ao eBpeiiCKH ABycTHinna, kohto noBTapaT e/nia h ci>ma HCTHHa c pa3JiHHHH
AyMH (b5k. lie. 103:3).
CiiHTaKCiic. Tp-biiKO noHaTHe, 03HaHaBamo CTpyKTypaTa Ha H3peHeHHero. OTHaca ce 3a HaHHrnrre, no
kohto nacTHTe Ha H3peHeHHeTO ce crjioGaBaT, 3a ^a CbCTaBaT e/nia nana 3aBi>piiieHa mhcbji.
CiiHTeTii3i>M. E/iHa ot TpHTe (JtopMH, kohto ca xapaKTepHH 3a eBpeiicKaTa noe3Ha. 06o3HaHaBa cipo<j)H,
kohto ce rpa/mpaT eflHa Bipxy apyra b rpaaaniia, 3a aa AOBeaaT ^ KyjiMHHaniia hjih ..KjiHMaKc" (bjk. lie.
19:7-9).
CiiCTeMaTiiHHO SorocjiOBiie. IIoaxoa b HHrepnpeTaniiaTa, kohto ce omiTBa aa cineTae hctkhhtb Ha
EnGjinaTa b e/nimia h paniiOHajiHa (JtopMa. IIo xapaKTep to3h mqtoji, e no-CKopo jionrqecKO, otkojikoto
HCTopHnecKO H3JiaraHe Ha xpHCTHaHCKOTO GorocjiOBne no KaTeropHH (Eor, HOBeKbT, rpextT, cnaceHneTO h
t.h.).
TmiMyd. 3arjiaBneTO Ha KOAH(J)HiiHpaHOTO lOAeiicKO npe^aHHe. lO^eHTe CMaTajin, ne TajiMy^iT e jiajieii
ot Bora Ha MoiiceH Ha Bpi>x CHHaii. B ^eiicTBHTejiHOCT toh e ciCTaBeH KaTO cGophhk ot HaTpynaHaTa
Mi>ApocT Ha lOAeiiCKH yHHTejra b npoAtJDKeHHe Ha roAHHHTe. HMa jipa pa3JiHHHH nncMeHH H3TOHHHKa 3a
TajiMy^a: (1) BaBHjiOHCKHaT tckct; h (2) no-KpaTKHaT, ho h HeAOBipmeH IlajiecTHHCKH tckct.
TeKCTyajieH Kpiniiuinbvi. H3CJieABaHe, 6a3npaHO Bi>pxy GnGjieiicicHTe MaHycKpnnTH. TeKCiyajiHHaT
kphthiih3i>m (oiue ..TeKCTKpHTHKaTa") e HeoGxoAHM, noHe5Ke AHec He pa3nojiaraMe c opnrHHajiHH Konna Ha
GnGjieiiCKHTe KHHrn, a CBinecTByBamHTe npenncn KpnaT H3BecTHH pa3JiHHHa noMe5K#y ch. MeTO^HKaTa ce
cipeMH Ra oGacHH pa3HOHeTeHHaTa h ^a AOCTHrae (aokojikoto e bi>3mo5kho) ao mpBOHanajiHiia tckct Ha
aBTorpa<J)HTe Ha HoBna 3aBeT h CTapna 3aBeT HecTO to3h bh/i kphthiih3i>m e no3HaT KaTO ..hhcih".
TeKcmyc peifenmyc. HaHMeHOBaHne, Koero npoH3THHa ot H3AaHHe Ha Hob Ha 3aBeT ot 1633 r., ^ejio Ha
GpaTaTa EoHaBeHiypa h A6paxaM Eji3eBHp. B ocHOBaTa ch npeacTaBjiaBa (JiopMa Ha HoBHa 3aBeT,
CbCTaBeHa ot HaKOJiKO kichh rpmKH MaHycKpnnTH h jiaTHHCKH Bepcnn Ha Epa3i>M (1510-1535 r.),
CTeiJiaHyc (1546-1559 r.) h Eji3eBHp (1624-1678 r.). A.T. Po6epTCi>H nocoHBa: ,,Bn3aHTHiiCKHaT tckct Ha
npaKTHKa ch e Textus Receptus" (A. T. Robertson, An Introduction to the Textual Criticism of the New
287
Testament, 27 CTp.). HHTHpamiJiT BroanraHCKH TeiccT e Haii-MajiKD ^ocTOBepHHHT ot BCiracHTe rpu
ceMeiicTBa paHHH ip-bHKH MaHycKpHirra (sanaAHH, aneKcaH/ipHHCKH h BH3aHTHHCKH). Ton CT>/n>p>Ka
HaTpynaHH rpenncn ot hhkojiko Bexa TpaAHHHH Ha p^hho npeimcBaHe. B cbiiioto BpeMe oGane A. T.
Po6epTci>H Ka3Ba ci>mo: ..Textus Receptus e cbxpamui h 3Ha x niTejiHO KOJiHHecTBO npenioHH TeKCTOBe" (21
CTp.). Ta3H rpiiiKa MaHycKpHnraa TpaAHHira (ocoGeHO TpeTOTO H3AaHHe, no/iroTBeHO ot Epa3T>M npe3 1522
r.) (JtopMnpa ocHOBaTa 3a npeBoaa Ha KJV npe3 1611 r.
Topa. EBpeiicKOTO ci>mecTBHTejiHO 3a ..noyHemie". npeBpi>ma ce b o<J)HHHajiHO 3arnaBHe Ha
MoiiceeBHTe KHHra (Earae ao BTopo3aKOHHe). 3a lo^eHTe TOBa e Haii-aBTopHTeTHOTO noAejiemie ot
eBpeiicKHH KaHOH.
TiinojioniH. CnenHajiH3HpaH bh# GnGjieiiCKa HHTepnpeTanHH. 06hkhob6ho ce 3aHHMaBa c TbpceHe Ha
HOB03aBeTHa HCTHHa b CTapo3aBeTHH TeKCTOBe c noMomra na aHajiorna h CHMBonmca. Ta3H KaTeropna
xepMeHeBTHnecKH Merea Gnna xapaicrepHa 3a AjieKcaH^pHHCKaTa GorocnoBCKa niKona. nopa^H
3JioynoTpe6HTe c to3h bh# HHTepnpeTanHH 6h TpaGBano #a 6i>Ae orpaHHHaBaHa ao KomcpeTHH npHMepH,
acHO onncaHH b Hobhh 3aBeT
XepivieHeBTiiKa. TexmraecKO noiwTHe 3a onepaTHBHHTe npHHHHnH, kohto ciCTaBaT eK3ereTHKaTa.
IIpeACTaBjiaBa KaKTO KomcpeTHH Ham>TCTBHH, TaKa h (Jiopivia Ha H3KycTBO. BnGjieiiCKaTa xepMeHeBTHKa
o6HKHOBeHO ce AeJiH Ha jipe KaTeropHH: o6nra npHHHHnH h cnenHcJiHHHH npHHHHnH. Te ce CBi>p3BaT c
pa3HHHHHTe BH^OBe jiHTepaTypa b EnGjiiraTa. BceKH KomcpeTeH 5KaHp ch npHTe5KaBa cboh xapaierepHH
HacoKH, ho h cbiho Taxa cnoAejia o6nra npe3yMnuHn h npone/iypH 3a HHrepnpeTanHH.
XpiiCTOueHTpiiHHOCT. IIoHJiTHe, c KoeTO ce noA^epTaBa neHrpajiHOCTTa Ha Hcyc Xphctoc. H3non3BaM
ro bt>b Bpi>3Ka c GnGjieiiCKOTO yneHne, ne Hcyc e TocnoA Ha uanaTa EnGjinaTa. CTapnaT 3aBeT cohh kt>m
Hero h Toft e H3m>jiHeHHeTO h nejiTa Ha CTapo3aBeTHHTe nncaHHa (bjk. MaTeii 5:17-48).
YHWH. 3aBeTHOTO HMe Ha Bora b CTapna 3aBeT ^a^eHO e b H3xoa 3:14. npeACTaBjiaBa Mo^ajiHa
KAY3ATHBHA <DOPMA Ha eBpeiiCKHa rnaroji „#a Gt^a". lO/jeme ce CTpaxyBaT #a npon3HacaT TOBa HMe, 3a /ja
He ce OKa5Ke, ne ro ropHHaT Hanpa3HO. 3aTOBa npe/moHHTaT ^a ro 3aMeiwT c eBpeiicKOTO cbiHecTBHTejmo
Adcmau (.XocnoA"). HMeHHO c TOBa 3HaHeHHe h o6hkhob6ho npeBe^aMe 3aBeTHOTO HMe Ha Bora Ha
CBBpeMeHeH e3HK.
288
HETBtPTO nPHJIOaCEHHE
flOKTPHHAJIHA II03HIJHJI
CaMHHT a3 He ct>m ocoGeH npnB'bp5KeHHK Ha (jiopMynnpoBKHTe Ha chmboji Bepyio. npe/niOHHTaM r& ce
HacoHBaM ki>m caiviaTa Eh6jihh. £I,o6pe ci>3HaBaM oGane, ne qrho H3Ka3BaHe Ha BapaTa me npeaocTaBn
nnaT(J)opMa Ha OHe3n, kohto He Me no3HaBaT, 3a Ra ch rorpaflHT MHemie 3a MoaTa AOKrpnHajTHa me^Ha
TOHKa. B HaineTO CbBpeMne, H3m>jiHeHO c Gotocjiobckh H3onaHeHHH h H3MaMH, eTO HaKpaTKO b KaKBO tohho
BapBaM a3.
1. BnGnHHTa - h CTapnaT 3aBeT, h Hobhht 3aBeT - e GoroB^txHOBeHO, HenorpeniHMO, aBTopHTeTHO h
BenHO Bo5KHe Cjiobo. Ta e ce6epa3KpnBaHeTO Ha Bora, 3anncaHO ot MH05KecTBO xopa tior CBptxecTecTBeHO
piKOBOACTBO. Ta e eAHHCTBeHHHT hh h3tohhhk Ha acHa HCTHHa 3a Bora h 3a HeroBHTe HaMepemui. OcBeH
TOBa Ta e eAHHCTBeHHHT h3tohhhk 3a BapaTa h npaKTHKHTe Ha Eo5KHHTa ntpKBa.
2. CimecTByBa caMO emm BeneH Ci>3AaTeji h H3KynnTeji - Bor. Ton e TBopeii Ha bchhkh Hema, bh^hmh
h HeBH^HMH. Ton pa3KpHBa ce6e ch KaTO jnoGam h rpioKOBeH, MaKap ne CBineBpeMeHHO e h CTpor h
cnpaBeAJiHB. Bor ce e pa3KpHji b Tpn jicho pa3JiHHHMH jihhhocth - OTeii, Chh h JJyx; HamjiHO OT^ejiHn, ho
CbBceM e^HaKBH no cbmHOcrra ch.
3. Bor aierHBHO KOHipojinpa cboh cbht. Ton HMa KaKTO BeneH nnaH 3a najioTO TBopemie (kohto e
HenpoMeHjiHB), TaKa h HHAHBH^yajiHO <j)OKycnpaH nnaH (^onycKam HannHneTO Ha CBoGo^Ha bojih). He
ci>mecTByBa aGcomoTHO hhiuo otbt>a Eo5KneTO 3HaHne h no3BOJieHne, MaKap ne Toft pa3peniaBa npaBO Ha
H36op KaKTO Ha aHrejiHTe, TaKa h Ha xopaTa. Hcyc e H36paHHHT Hobck Ha OTeii n bchhkh xopa ca
noTeHiinajiHO roGpami b Hero. npeAy3HaHneTO Ha Bora 3a cnyHBainirre ce ct>6hthji He CBe5K^a xopaTa ro
nnoHKH b npe/iBapHTejiHO HanncaH cneHapnn. BceKH e/niH ot Hac hoch ottobophoct 3a CBOHTe mhcjih h
nocrbnicH.
4. MaKap CBTBopeHO no Bojkh o6pa3 n cboGoaho ot rpexa, HOBenecTBOTO e B3eno peinemie Ra ce
pa36yHTyBa cpeiny Bora. H3KymeHH ot CBpixecTecTBeH areHT, ARaM h EBa Bee naK hocat ottobophoct 3a
CT>3HaTejiHOTO ch ceGipmo penieHHe. TexHHHT 6yHT OKa3Ba BjinaHne Bipxy ihuioto HOBenecTBO h ihijioto
TBopeHne. Hne bchhkh ce Hy5K#aeM ot Eo5KHHTa mhjioct h Gnaro/iaT - KaKTO 3apa^H HaineTO oGiuhoctho
na^Hajio b rpax cbCToamie, TaKa h 3apa^H jihhhhji ch ci>3HaTejieH 6yHT cpeiny Bora.
5. Bor e ocnrypnn HannH 3a onpomaBaHe n Bi>3CTaHOBaBaHe Ha na^HaniM b rpax HOBeK. E/niHCTBeHHJiT
Bojkh Chh Hcyc XpncTOC CTaBa HOBeK, boah 6e3rpemeH 5khbot h npe3 3aMecTHHnecKaTa en cmt>pt ronjiama
HaKa3aHneTO 3a rpexa Ha ihuioto HOBenecTBO. Ton e eAHHCTBeHHHT m>T ^a Gt/ieM Bi>3CTaHOBeHH 3a
B3anMOOTHomeHne c Bora. He CBinecTByBa Apyra (JtopMa 3a cnaceHne ocBeH npe3 Bapa b HeroBOTO
3aBi>pnieHO H3KynnTejiHO Reno.
6. Bceicn e/iHH ot Hac 6n TpaGBano jihhho ^a npneMe Eo5KiuiTa noKaHa 3a nponiKa n Bi>3CTaHOBaBaHe b
Hcyc. ToBa ce nocTnra nocpe^CTBOM cb3HarejiHO ^OBepne, nojKMceHO b Eo5KHHTe oGemaHna npe3 Hcyc
XpncTOC, n peinemie rsl ce OTBipHeM ot rpexa en.
7. Bceicn e/iHH ot Hac nonynaBa m>jiHa nponiKa n Bi>3CTaHOBaBaHe bi>3 ocHOBa Ha AOBepneTO en b
XpncTOC n noKaamieTO en ot rpexa. B cbiiioto BpeMe oGane CBn^eTejiCTBOTO 3a TOBa hobo
B3anMOOTHomeHne ce BH5iyia b npoMeHeHna n HenpecTaHHO npoMeHanina ce 5khbot. LJejiTa Ha Bora 3a
xopaTa e He caMO aa oTn/iaT Ha HeGeTO e^HH R,en, ho h ^a 6i>AaT Kara XpncToc cera. OHe3n, kohto ca
hcthhckh H3KyneHH, MaKap n noiwKora Ra cirpemaBaT, me npoAtJi>KaBaT /ia 5KHBeaT c Bapa n noKaamie.
8. CBSTnaT J\yx e ,,/rpyrnaT Hcyc". Ton e RaRen Ha CBeTa, 3a ^a boru H3ry6eHHTe ki>m XpncTOC n Ra
pa3BHBa xpncTonoAoGHOCT b cnaceHHTe xopa. fl,ap6nTe Ha Jlyxa ce npn/iaBaT npn cnaceHneTO. Te ca
5khbott>t h cny5KeHHeTO Ha Hcyc h ca pa3npeAeneHH cpeA HeroBOTO tsjio H,i>pKBaTa. fl,ap6nTe ca Han-Bene
289
hobh OTHOineHHH h mothbh 3a Hcyc TpaGBa pa 6i>AaT MOTHBnpaHH ot nnoAa Ha flyxa. fl,yxi>T pa6oTH b
HaineTO CbBpeMHe, ci>mo Kaiero e paGoTHji h b GhGikhckh BpeMeHa.
9. OTeii e nocTaHOBHji B-bSKp-bCHajiiMT Hcyc Xphctoc ^a Gt^e Ob^na Ha bchhko. Toh me ce 3aBi>pHe Ha
seMHTa, 3a ^a ct>ah uhjioto hobchcctbo. Bchhkh ohc3h, kohto ca ce AOBepHjin Ha Hcyc h hhhto HMeHa ca
3anHcaHH b KHHraTa Ha 5KHBOTa, me npneiviaT BeHmrre ch ocBeTeHH Tena npn HeroBOTO 3aBpi>maHe. Te me
6i>AaT 3aBHHarH c Hero. Ot /ipyra CTpaHa, bchhkh OHe3H, kohto ca OTKa3BanH ^a OTKjiHKHaT Ha Eo5KHHTa
HCTHHa, me 6i>AaT 3aBHHarH OT^eneHH ot pa/K>CTHTe Ha oGmeHneTO c TpHemiHHHH Bor. Te me nonynaT
oci>acAeHHe HapeA c /LrBona h HeroBHTe naAHanH aHrenn.
Ci>c cnrypHOCT ropHOTO H3Ji05KeHHe He e H3HepnaTenHO. Ho ce HaAsreaM, ne noHe me bh npe^ocTaBH
BT>3M05KHOCT ^a BKyCHTe GorOCJIOBCKOTO CbCTOSHHe Ha MoeTO CT>pue.
CneflHOTO H3peHeHHe mh ^ona/ia mhoto:
B ebHTHOCTHOTO - e^HHCTBO.
B nepncJtepHOTO - CBoGo/ia.
Bl>B BCHHKO - JTfoGOB.
290
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