Descriptive list

Historic, Archive Document

Do not assume content reflects current
scientific knowledge, policies, or practices.

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C/G. PATTEN & SON

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NURSERYMEN

CHARLES CITY, IOWA
INp>

Hardy Varieties Adapted to
New Fruits, East,

Trees, West,
Small Fruits, and the

Roses, Extreme

Flowering Shrubs, North
Vines, Bulbs, and
Etc. Northwest.

ESTABLISHED IN 1866
STATE EXPERIMENTAL STATION SINCE 1883

Live Agents Wauted Correspondence Solicited

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ONE NURSERYMAN’S WORK

Valuable Experiments in Plant Breeding Car-
ried on During Thirty Years by Charles G.
Patten, Charles City, la. As Seen by
Proffessor Craig.

The Nationa] Nursreyman—Profes-
sor John Craig, hos removed from the
position of head of the horticultural
department of the State college at
Ames, Ia., to the horticultural de-
partment at Cornell University, Itha-
ca, N. Y. One of bis last contribu-
tions to the Central States press is an
article in the Iowa State Register,
which is an appreciation of whut the
well known norseryman, Charles G.
Patten, Oharles City, Ia., hus done
and is doiug for horticultara. He
Says:

‘*The state of Iowa holds a very en-
viable position in the horticalture of
this northern and westeru part of
fruit growing America, in regard to
the progress and adyancement it has
made in anieliorating the native
fruits and producing varieties better
adapted to our prairie conditions than
those brought in by the early settlers.

A glance through the yolumes of
the Stute Horticutural Society’s re-
port will show that work was com-
menced in this line as far back as
thirty years ugo. I refer now, not to
hap-hazard seedling production, but
systematic and well directed efforts,
having for their purpose the prouc-
tion of apples and ploms with char-
acteristics that wonld tend to make
them valuable for this climate.

“During the past ten years the
writer has been interested in visiting
some of the pioneer horticultural
workers in this line thronghont tne
state. These visits have greatly im-
pressed him, because of the vast
amount of work done and the really
Sulistantial progress which has beeu
made. Another feature worthy of
note 18 in the fact that thus fur, vory

Jitfle has been given to the public)

With r.fereucs to the efforts of those
judividual workers in different parts
of the state. They have thoughout
their lines of proposed investigation,
carried these projected ideas in-
to effect without state appropriation.
Withaot moch epccuragement either
at home or ebrosd, and often at con-
siderablo finencial logs and great per-
supal incouvenience =

“J cannot refrain from drawing
attention to the systematic experi-
ments which baye been carried on in
this line for a pornod of thirty years
by C. G. Patten, of Charles City,
Jowa. <A careful examination of his
experimental groands raised the
character of this work in my estima-
toin very considerably. Many fruit
growers plant seeds in a haphazard
way, aud hops for desirable results,
Mr. Patten’s work has not in any
sense been haphazard and the results
which he has secured are not only
valuables pomologically, but scientifi-
cally, because the tacts relating to
the percentage of the newly produced
varieties have been carefully record-
ed.

“Mr. Patten’s experimental
grounds, where most of his vlant
breeding experiments are carried on,
cover ap area of six or seven acres.
In this area sre to be found a wonder-
ful number of interesting object les-
sons. Here one may find the product
of crosses and hybr:ds planted in reg-
ular series, as for
with the Brier Sweet crab. More
than a dozen of these crossed with
Pound Sweet are fruiting and in the
product 1s astonishing variation. We
have. beginning at the less valuable,
an almost exact reproducton of the
female parent Brier Sweet. Follow-
ing this are others gradipg in size
from a large Whitney to a good sized
Plomb Cider. In most of these the
crab characteristics are present; that

is to say, tne breaking and crisd |

instance hybrids;

!
quality of flaver are there, and come-

times the long and slender stem, but
in s few cases the seedlings seem to
have entirely broken away from the
crab and are apples in all character-
istics of flesh an@ form. ‘’he valuable
thing abont this line of work 1s that
these trees ar2 apparently hardy and
perfectly free of blight.

“Another interesting series sre
crosses between Famense or Snow and
Dochess. These crosses show a great
deal of variation. In one case a val-
uable apple has been secured. It is
almost ap exact repetition of tne
Fumeuse, but the tree at Charles City
where the clmatic conditions are de-
eidedly trying, uppears to be perfcet-
ly hardy. Mr. Patten is propagating
this yuriety, and is introducing it
under the name of Brililant. Oombi-
nations between Perry Russet and
Northern Spy have been effected,
which give promise of good things to
come. Patten Greening, & cross
between Duchess and Rhode Islanp
Greeniug now introduced, is making
4 name for itself over northern Iowa,

Probably noone in the west has
grown more seedlings of the Duchess
than has Mr, Patteu. Some curious
results have been obtained in this
‘connection. It has generally been
supposed that Duchess is oue of those
fixed types which would invariably
impress the offspring with its own
characteristics, but a study of the
fruiting seedlings on Mr, Patten’s
grounds will show that this belief is
erroueous. It is true that some of
them bear Duchess characteristics in
color and in quailty of flesh, but it
is nardly possibl3 to perceive in the
majority of the Duchess seedlings uny
traces of the Duchess whatever.
Amoug the hundreds of bybrids frait-
ed by Mr. Patten, there are a nomber
he conld rot find it in his heart to
throw away, and yet which had in
them defects which prevented him
from conscientiously offering them
to the public as improvements over
the old varieties Many of these,
however, are being grown profitably
at Charles City, and are being mark-
eted locally. ‘This success raises the
question as to whether it would pay
fruit growers in new -countries best
to start their orchards in this way
rather than purchasing named and
grafted varieties of uncertain adap-
tabsility from the eust.

** Tn the matter of plums the writer
was able to test, in fact the amonnt
of testing to be done fur exceeded his
capacity in that direction, a large
pumber of seedling varieties. The
first impression that one receives 18
the infinite possibilities of improving
the native plum, und the sceond
thought which comes to one is the
ease with which the different types

appear to interbreed. Mr. Patten 1s
fruiting this year at least a dozen
| Varieties which appear to equal any-

thing iu the named list of this season,
that we have at the present time.
Yet these will not be introduced,
with but one or two exceptions but
the seed of the best varieties might
be secured, to be saved and planted.
In this way the plum of the future
will be produced. The types are be-
ing rapidly broken by new combina-
tions being effected, nnd marvelous
results are being secured. The Rock-
ford plum introduced by Mr. Patten
some years ago appears in a very
fayorble light as seen growiug on his
grounds. It has firmness and a
sugery avality of flesh that is poss-
essed by no other American plum s0
|far as I know. Rockford would be a
good variety to breed from, and Mr.
Patten is pursuing his plum experi-
ments with this thought in mind.

“T\ isis but a brief summary of
| the work Mr. Patten has in hand,
‘and it is given for the purpoes of
| drawing attention to painstaking and
‘conscientious effort for the purpose
lof giving credit where it is richly
deserved.’”

if

DESCRIPTIVE LIST

C.G. PATTEN & SON

NURSERYMEN

CHARLES CITY, IOWA

Hardy Varieties Adapted to

New Fruits, East,
Trees, West,
Small Fruits, and the
Roses, Extreme
Flowering Shrubs, North
Vines, Bulbs, and

Etc. Northwest.

ESTABLISHED IN 1866
STATE EXPERIMENTAL STATION SINCE 1883

Live Agents Wanted Correspondence Solicited

CHARLES CITY, IOWA:
SAM. G. SLOANE, ae AND BINDER.

PATTEN.

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If you don’ t see hat: you WANT,
ask for it.

NEW HORTICULTURE.

- This is emphatically a New Era in horticulture. Never before in the
history of any country has there been such activity along all lines of
this most fascinating industry. Multiplied thousands of individual ex-
perimentors are ardently seeking to find or produce something better
than the old.

State experiment stations are turning the eye of science upon every-
thing pertaining to fruits and ornamental trees and plants to develop
them into higher forms of use and beauty. Gigantic commercial enter-
prises are planned and carried forward with such rapidity and skill that
where, fifteen years ago a single car was loaded with fruit, now there are
whole train loads rushing to distant markets. “Already”, says C. S. Har-
rison, of Nebraska, “the apple belt has been extended a hundred miles to
the north by Gideon and Patten.”

In California, Luther Burbank has charmed and enriched the field of
horticulture with the magnificent fruits and flowers that he has pro-
duced, and has extended the boundaries of the evolution in plants until
there seems to be no limit to the wondrous combinations that can be
produced. What he has done with the mild climate fruits of California
and Japan, we are trying t6 with the Apple, Plum and Pear for the
North, and we are sure that our patrons will be glad ie know of the New
Century fruits that are being created.

Very truly yours, CiGe PARDEN:

SEND us YOUR LIST of WANTS
and we will MAKE YOU SPECIAL
PRICES.

INTRODUCTION.

In presenting to the public this carefully revised descriptive list we
desire to thank our customers for past favors, and realizing that a satis- .
fied customer is our best advertisement we shall endeavor to satisfy all
who may do business with us in the future.

Our location is one that has few equals in the state for growing hardy
nursery stock. The senior member of this firm located here at Charles
City, ninety miles west of the Mississippi and thirty miles south of the
Minnesota state line, on the open prairies in 1866. On the original home-
stead there was nothing but wild crab and hazel brush. How he has
changed it is fully attested by the magnificent groves of Evergreens,
Black Walnut, Butternut, Elm, and large fine Orchards.

Shipping Facilites: Our shipping facilities are most excellent. We
have access to eight different roads, thereby giving us the best of oppor-
tunities to ship anywhere and in any direction.

Three things are certainly necessary to the planter or purchaser of ©
nursery stock if he would succeed. They are varieties true to name;
hardy, healthy, vigorous, well matured trees and plants, and judicious
and careful handling of stock. We furnish stock that has all these re-
quirements. Right here we wish to say that we could not now do the
mutually satisfactory business we are doing if we had not in times past
furnished stock with all of these requirements.

Packing and shipping is given the most careful personal supervision.
To protect our patrons from loss we employ skilled and experienced
workmen, some of them being with us from eight to thirty years.

Selection of Varieties: By reason of our long experience in the busi-
ness we feel sure that we are able to advise planters to some extent as to
what they should plant, and where the selection of varieties is left to us
we will fill the order to the very best of our ability.

Guarantee of Genuineness. We exercise the utmost possible care to
have all the varieties true to name and label, but mistakes will happen
in the most carefully guarded business,and upon proper proof we will
replace the varieties free of charge, or the money paid for them will be
refunded; but it is mutually understood and agreed between purchaser

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and seller, that the guarantee of genuineness shall in no case make us
liable for any sum greater than the original cost of the trees or plants
that prove untrue.

Caution: We accept all orders on the condition that they shall be
void should injury befall our stock from frost, hail, fire or causes over
which we have no control.

Some Good Advice: Send in orders early, particularly if long transporta-
tion is necessary. Give shipping directions plainly. If none are given we
will ship to the best of our knowledge. All orders from unkown parties
should be accompanied by cash or reference. Any mistakes on our part
will be promptly rectified if we are notified at once.

To Planters of Orchards: Families cannot be healthily reared without
fruit. Good fruits are worth much more than it costs to grow them, and
we must have them. The Iowa State Horticultural Society has experi-
ment stations in different parts of the state (we have one of them) each
one in charge of an experienced horticulturist. All new fruits and vines
are tried in these stations and reported on. Therefore if some stranger
offers new and untried fruits do not waste much money on them, but
deal with reliable home nurserymen who have such things as the Iowa
State Horticultural Society has tried and found worthy.

Soil and Site: Choose good soil, well drained, witha north or northeast
slope if convenient. Avoid sandy knobs, bottoms or points. If compelled
to use sandy ground plant from six to eight inches deeper than the trees
stood in the nursery and mulch well each autumn with coarse manure.

Protection: A row or two of trees on the south and west to protect the
fruit from being blown off is always advisable. And it also protects
them from the afternoon sun of the late winter and early spring, there-
fore insuring with more certainty a full crop of fruit and vigorous,
healthy trees. We advise protecting the trees with a tree protecter of
some kind to keep them from rabbits and mice. For this, wire window
screen is the best; leave it on the year round.

Planting: If trees fail to succeed it is considered always in order to
abuse the nurseryman. But remember if you plant carelessly you will
always be the loser. Nothing can prevent it, not even abusing the nur-
seryman. Prepare the soil as you would for corn, lay off the rows north
or south as you wish and open the row with the plow as deeply as possi-
ble, it saves half the digging. Have all the holes large enough so that
all the roots can be spread out in their natural position. Never expose
the roots to the sun or wind more than can be helped. Cut off all broken
or bruised roots and shorten the tops to correspond with the loss of root
in digging. Plant the heaviest part of the tree to the southwest and lean
the tree considerably in that direction. Sift the soil in around the roots
carefully, fill in all the crevices, when well covered tramp down solidly.
Pour in half a pail of water and after it has soaked fill the hole with loose
dirt to prevent it from baking. (DON’T FORGET ANY OF THIS.)

ews a

Cultivate Your Young Trees and Shrubs at least as well as you do your
corn until July 1, then sow a cover crop of buckwheat, and in the winter
mulch well, but do not get the mulch too close to the trees as the mice
will eat them. If your work causes you to forget this, your trees will
probably dwindle and die. In that case a great deal of satisfaction may
be had by laying the blame on the nurseryman and buying the next
trees somewhere else. Whoever sows grassin an orchard does the thing
most certain to cause failure and his sins will surely find him out.

How to Winter Trees Procured in the Fall: The practice of procuring the
supply of trees in the fall is becoming more and more general as each
season demonstrates its wisdom, especially when distant from the nur-
sery. To insure success you have only to get the trees before freezing,
and bury them inthe following manner: Chose a spot where no water
will stand during the winter with no grass near it to invite mice. Diga
trench, throwing out enough dirt to admit the placing of one layer of
roots below the surface and place the trees in it enclined to an angle of
45 degrees or more. Widen the trench inclining the tops upon the others
and so on until all are in the trench, then finish by throwing up more
soil until the tops are all or quite covered. It is also well to throw up
dirt around the sides to insure more thorough protection. After the
ground is frozen the roots should be covered with about six inches of:
some sort of mulch to prevent the ground from thawing in the spring.
When taken out in the spring the roots will be found to be nicely cal-
loused and ready to make a fine growth when planted.

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APPLE.

There can be no doubt as to the great importance of this, the king of
fruits, for Iowa. We have given hints for culture,and now present a
list of carefully selected varieties. :

Anisim, or Good Peasant. This, without doubt, is one of themost val-
uable of Russian apples yet introduced. Hardy, free from blight and
good in quality. Its color is good, being splashed and striped with dark
red, often covering the entire apple, medium in size, with oblong, conical
form. Season here, November to December.

Arthur. Very hardy valuable annual bearer, pleasant acid, good size.
November to February. The original tree bore here fifteen successive
years. We consider this both in tree and fruit one of the best of our
hardy varieties. Its foliage is perfect and free from blight. Elmer
Reaves, nurseryman of Waverly, says of the Arthur: “I have two trees
standing some distance apart, both have borne two years and are
perfectly hardy and free from blight. The fruit is large and much re-
sembles plum cider but is more acid. I believe that it will keep better
than Wealthy. The tree is a good grower and productive.”

Charlamoff. Probably of German origin. Tree hardy, fruit large and
beautifully striped, slightly conical and ribbed, mild acid and pleasant
eating. August. 3

B. D. Sweet. An undoubted cross between Ben Davis and Tolman
Sweet. Tree a very hardy, vigerous, upright spreading grower, splendid
foliage. Fruit good market size, good form, striped and splashed with
red, crisp and sweet; a fine dessert and cooking apple. This is one of
our new productions and we believe it to be the very best sweet apple
for northern latitudes. Season October to January.

Ben Davis. Large, smooth, often polished, nearly covered with red;
sub-acid and one of the most profitable market apples south. Tree
vigorous, productive, and bears early.

Duchess of Oldenburg. The leading summer market apple ot the
northwest. A synomym for hardiness and productiveness.

Duchess No. 6. Originated by me in 1874, from Duchess seed.
Tree very hardy and heavy, early bearer. Fruit very tender and fine
grained, pear flavor. Finest eating of the season. September.

Fameuse. Tree medium, hardy, widely known, deep crimson, crisp,
juicy, aromatic; late fall and early winter.

Hass. Medium to large, slightly conical, shaded and striped with
red; tender, juicy, acid, good. Tree vigorous and hardy. October to
December.

Hibernal. (Russian). Very hardy, rugged spreading grower, fruit
large size, striped, quite acid, good cooking and market apple. Very
valuable for the extreme north and for top working to less hardy
varieties.

8

FTO

Kaump. Tree hardy, healthy, and very productive; fruit medium
size, light green color, mildly acid, good for eating and cooking; a
favorite in northwest Iowa.

lowa Beauty. Originated by me in 1874, a seedling of the Golden
Russet. Tree very hardy, splendid grower and fine form, rich glossy
foliage, fruit large and very beautiful, striped and splashed with red on
a light green ground, often with fine bloom, a good dessert apple, one of
the best varieties, very fine for home and market. L. G. Clute, a large
orchardist of Greely, Iowa, speaks of it in the highest terms. Says that
his Iowa Beauty brings him one dollar more per barrel than any other
variety he has. }

Longfield. Fully as hardy as Wealthy and a heavy bearer; fruit
small to medium size, blush on sunny side, very tender, good flavor, one
of the best of the Russians. October to December.

~~

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PATTEN’S GREENING.

Patten’s Greening. A seedling of the Oldenberg, seed grown near
Portage, Wis., and planted by me in the fall of 1869, transplanted in 1874
has only moderate cultivation and is now more than thirty feet in the
spread of its branches. The original tree has born some fruit every
year for twenty-two consecutive years, never failing entirely. It
stands on trying ground, has made a fine growth after the severest
winters, limbs strongly shouldered and fully as hardy in the orchard as

9

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the Duchess. Fruit medium to large, often larger than Oldenberg, from
light to dark green, sometimes shaded a little red, flesh half fine, a good
eating and a superb cooking apple. Season generally November to
January; in hot dry season earlier. In northern Wisconsin, Maine,
Vermont and Canada it should be a good winter apple. Of all of the old
and new varieties of its season, for hardiness, bearing and quality com-
bined, it has no equal. In 1892 when the foliage of so many varieties
was so severely injured, even the Duchess, this old tree was absolutely
perfect in leaf and bore an enormous crop, holding it to perfect
maturity, and surpassing any Duchess of Oldenberg of the same or any
other age on my grounds.

Peter. A seedling of Wealthy. Originated by Peter’-M. Gideon. A
fine upright grower, hardier than its parent. Fruit fine color’ and
similar to the Wealthy in quality. October to December.

Perry Russet. Fruit medium to large, yellow, covered with fine
russet, fine grained and juicy, very fine to eat from hand. Season from
December to January. !

Repka Malenka. The only long keeping apple of good quality among
the Russians that are nearly hardy in Minnesota. It is of small size but
keeps well, is much sought after of late in the north.

Rubets. Crigin Russian. A good tree, free from blight, earlier than
Tetofsky, a third larger and of good quality. This is a very promising
early apple.

Tetofsky. Hardy, slow upright grower, early and fair bearer. Fruit,
medium size, striped with red and choice eating, but extremely perish-
able. July, August.

Tolman Sweet. Half hardy north, pale yellow, fine eating, sweet and
only fairly productive here; decidedly more valuable for eastern.
Wisconsin than farther west. December to April.

Malinda. A Vermont seedling of great-hardiness, has born for years
in northern Iowa and southern Minnesota: Trees at Rochester, Minn.
twenty to thirty years oJd bear well every year. It is the hardiest of our
long keepers. Fruit medium, conical, yellow, fine grained, and nearly
sweet. A good eating apple from January to May.

McMahon. Originated in Wisconsin. Very large and nearly white,
a good cooking apple, has proven more hardy than Fameuse or Hass
here but blights some. October to November.

N. W. Greening. Of Wisconsin origin. A vigorous and apparently
hardy tree. Fruit large and greenish yellow, mild acid and much
sought after. December to April.

Wealthy. A beautiful red apple of extra quality. Tree hardy and
productive, of acknowledged value in the northwest. October to
December. }

Wolf River. Originated in Wisconsin. Tree medium hardy, fruit
very large, very showy, fair quality, essentially an exhibition apple.

PATTENSPAMEUSE.

Patten Fameuse. Originated here in 1874. A very strong spreading
tree decidedly more hardy than its parent. Fruit large, finely colored
and striped with red, constant and heavy bearer, fruit hangs well to the
tree, agreeable acid and of fine quality, bears very young. Now in
bearing 150 miles north and south and 300 miles east and west, and in
every case has received the highest praise from those fruiting it. As a
market apple it fills a place where such an apple is in great demand,
namely just after the early apples and just before the average fall
apples come on the market. It is an excellent cooking and dessert apple.

Walbridge, Fruit medium, striped with red, crisp, tender, juicy, tree

vigorous, does best on marl, clay or soil underlayed with clay.
December to March.

Thaler, or Yellow Transparent. Supposed to be of German origin. An
early bearer, fruit light green to yellow. A very early summer apple,

medium to large, good quality, and a good keeper for so early an apple.
Most valuable on clay or marl soil.

CRABS AND HYBRIDS

Alaska. One of the largest and best hybrids; eee: pleasant acid,

striped, fully a slarge as Hyslop and of far better quality. November
to January.

Briar Sweet. Fruit large, pale yellow, splashed with carmine, very
sweet, good for preserving. Tree vigorous and productive. September-

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Early Strawberry. Fruit medium, highly colored, exceedingly tender,
mild acid, fine eating or cooking, tree hardy and fine grower.

Hyslop. Red, not striped. Fruit large, roundish oval, produced in
clusters, color dark rich red, covered with thick blue bloom. Flesh in-
clined to yellow, sub-acid. Tree hardy and vigorous but blights.
November.

Martha. Hybrid, very large. Fruit beautifully shaped, pale red,
mild, crisp and tart, excellent for culinary purposes and fair to eat from
the hand. September to October.

Minnesota. Large, light
green changing to yel-
low, good to eat from
the hand: and good
keeper. One of the very
bestcrabs. Free spread-
ing -grower and very
hardy. November to
January.

Sweet Russet. Very
large hybrid, extremely
hardy, fruit oblong, con-
ical, light russet, very
rich and sweet, one of
the best, either for eating
or cooking. August to

Se

September. | MIN NESOTA.

Transcendent. Red and yellow, not striped, fruit medium to large
Flesh yellow and crisp when#fully ripe, pleasant and agreeable. Tree
hardy and a young and abundant bearer, but blights. September to
October.

Virginia. Size of Transcendent, a month later, light red, sprightly,
juicy, crisp, great bearer, fine market sort. Valuable tree on which to
top work large apples.

Whitney No. 20. Fruit red and yellow, large size, flesh firmand juicy,
fine eating. A great bearer and hardy. A fine vigorous and healthy

grower. August.

PEARS.

This delicious fruit can be raised to some extent in the northern
part of Iowa if they are planted with some protection on the northwest.
A good location is on the north or east of other trees or grove. They
should be well mulched and tops should be trimmed to fairly open

heads.
Kieffer. Large; skin golden yellow, sprinkled with small dots, often

tinged red on sunny side; flesh slightly coarse, an early bearer and
profitable.

12

Longworth. Thisisa very hardy seedling pear of recent introduc-
tion; originated at Dubuque, Ia., and was grown from seed some forty
years since by the veteran horticulturist, William Longworth. Fruit
medium to large, nearly round, skin yellow with slight blushion sunny
side, good. September.

Lincoln. Fairly hardy, productive, fruit medium to large, good.

Flemish Beauty. Large, pale yellow with light russet, very juicy and
melting. October.

PLUMS.

This is one of the most reliable fruits in this climate. No one need

go without plums, if they use the varieties named in this list. In plant-

ing be sure and plant several different kinds as some of the Varieties

have an infertile blossm. Plant closer than apple trees and cultivate, and

mulch well to secure the best results, especially cultivate often in_a dry
season.

SURPRISE.

Surprise. A variety introduced at Sleepy Eye, Minnesota. Tree a
beautiful, symmetrical grower, with fine foliage. Best plum yet intro-
duced in that state, meaty, fineZflavor, very Jarge and red, with many

light dots on the skin, hangs well to the tree, a good bearer and a good
keeper, fine for culinary purposes.

Hawkeye. Treea moderate grower with a broad, shining leaf, hardy
and productive. Fruit extra large, dark red, handsome, good. |

13
a a a RN RI I NI IN
Miner. Medium, red, with firm flesh, productive, excellent for market,
very late.

Cheney. Tree strong, upright grower, very early anda heavy bearer.

De Soto. Extensively planted. Fruit large, round and oblong, yel-
low ground shaded with crimson, skin thick, firm flesh, sweet, rich,
medium to late.

Forest Garden. Medium, red, fine, very early. Hardy and profuse
bearer.

Wolf. Vigorous grower and entirely hardy, abundant annual bearer.
Fruit large, dark red, good quality, free stone. Extra fine for culinary
purposes.

Stoddard or Baker. Large, round and red. Very, productive. Tree ,
and fruit closely resembles the Howe but somewhat better quality
and a good market sort.

3 Wyant. Irregular grower, vigorous, healthy, heat and productive.
Fruit large, pale red with bloom, pointed and excellent. Waluable for
market and family.

Weaver. Large, round, oblong, purpleish red or yellow, free stone,
very popular in certain localities, seems partial to certain soils.

Rockford. A native of Floyd county, Jowa.. Medium, dark blue,
closely resembles the Lombard, flesh firm, sweet, nearly free stone, a fine
grower, perfectly hardy. Earlier than DeSoto, which stood late frosts
better than any variety known. Our men say that when they have eaten
all the other plums they can, that they can still eat a lot of Rockford.

German Prune. Medium, oval, purple, juicy, rich and fine. Tree very
beautiful but not very hardy. )

Red June. So far as we have tried is the most hardy of the Japan
varieties. Kruit large and fine quality.

CHERRIES.

We may have all the cherries that we wish if we stick to the varieties
that have proven to be hardy and productive. The Early Richmond is
one of the best. Plant close north and south and cultivate well till
after fruiting. :

Early Richmond. Medium, bright red, melting, juicy, with sprightly
sub-acid flavor.

English Morello. Nearly black, rich, juicy and solid. Very good,
moderate grower and productive. |

Montmorency. A fine, large red acid cherry, early, productive, hardy
and valuable.

Ostheim. Fruit medium to large, dark purplish red, flesh very dark,
with a pleasant, sweet and sub-acid flavor. Has proven quite hardy in
Minnesota.

Wragg. Late, medium to large, strong stocky tree, quite hardy, very
young and heavy bearer.

14

RASPBERRIES.

Any ground that will grow good corn will grow good raspberries.
The plants should be planted about six to seven feet apart between the
rows and two to three feet in the rows. Set the plants with the crown
about half an inch below the surface.

Older—Black. Origi-
nated in Iowa and
stood all of our seWer-
est test winters well.
Coal black, as large
as Gregg, and five
days earlier. From
its size, quality, hardi-
ness and productive-
ness it should head
the list.

Kansas-—Black. Orig-
inated in Lawrence,
Kansas. Healthy, vig-
orous grower, early
berry Yas’ lacee as
Gregg,and as good a
Siti peek vel ya a poOs
ductive and valuable
for market.

Gregg —Black. Well
known, reliable, late,
large, productive, a& “yy
good shipper. OLDER.

Columbian--Purple. Much like
the Shaffer but firmer in fruit
and, slightly hardier in cane,
sweeter and richer in flavor, good
for market and home use.

' Shaffer’s Colassal—Purple. Fruit
large, soft and slightly sub-acid,

1

LfA-4 ; ff M7 ate
f ah “ AD
(F

AY) || ARO
WY, r ore
aw

Sealine
ii

ly i
[if Bi it an abundant bearer, very fine
Wy Bein for home use.

one

Cuthbert—Red. Very large and

\ handsome, of good quality ripens

a little late and continues in

fruita longtime. Thisis an old

stand-by, and is a good market

sort. It should be covered for
winter in prairie sections.

= dia
\ itn
Ye Atypical
2, ee
AUT eg
anes

COLUMBIAN.

15

a

LOUDON.

Loudon —Red. The most promising new red raspberry. Some of its
good points are its vigor and hardiness of plant, beautiful rich color of
fruit, good quality and wonderful productiveness. A fine market sort.

Miller —Red. Fair quality and very long fruiting season. Bright red,
good size and hardy cane.

BLACKBERRIES.

The care of these is about the same as raspberries only they should
have some shade to obtain the best results. Pinch back the young
canes about two feet from the ground so as to make them throw out
laterals. |

Ancient Britton. Large, productive and’sweet. Sumewhat later than
the Snyder.

Lucretia Dewberry. A trailing blackberry, easily protected in winter
on account of its low growth. Fruit of the very best quality. Most
successful south.

16 — . |

—~S

Snyder. Strong gro wer, very

and should be planted more
than any other.

cm G
‘a U)

TIEN RN

w be

= STRAWBERRIES
A cue bee ~ This delicious fruit can be
Ce ‘ied Als ws a IM ass . grown on a great variety of
¢ cp “ whem (ye Cm soil, but good upland well
es ut i NW coe “¥ et iy ‘ we
aM am NU: M ays manured is the best. We
Ky: iG ( j uf DY) DD) co Wilh yw a ;
} Oia! AN ae <S pack our strawberrés in moss
Seema ~ Oe ary a) and burlap if in sma)l quanti-
Ue Apt ties, but pack in boxes if

in large, thereby insuring
their reaching the customers
in good condition. The plants should be planted about three to four
feet apart between the rows and about fifteen to twenty inches in the
row. Set the plants with a “spade, spread the roots out fan shaped
against the square side of the hole, straighten them down their full
length, letting the crown come just-even with the surface, and give good
culture during the season. As soon as the ground freezes cover lightly
with straw, and rake it off in the spring leaving it between the rows. We
list some of the best varieties tested. Those marked (P) are pistolate or
imperfect blossoms, and those marked (S) are staminate or perfect blos-
soms and must be planted together to have success.

SNYDER. :

Crescent. (P). Medium, conical, bright scarlet, firm and of good
quality, ripens early, plants vigorous and productive.

Bederwood. (S). Plants very vigor-
ous, hardy and productive, one of the
best polenizers. Fruit large, roundish,
bright) cscatlet, sfnm, and vor. sood
quality.

Li 7- etl)
yy NS KZ

Manwell. (S.) Very large, deep red, y va OK =
good market sort, plants vigorous. a M

—
} Z

———s

Warfield. (P). Vigorous and hardy,
enormously productive, blooms. and
ripens with the Crescent. Fruit large,
glossy red, firm, of high quality, one
of the best for home or market.

ini
is iD) ia ane
‘ a a

Ds AN mace
DA WANHe IN

Splendid. Resembles Crescent in
plant, growth and fruit, and is of
better size and quality, a good market ; cm
sort, very productive. Plant is a BEDERWOOD.

productive and sweet, hardiest |
of all. Has proven its value

—

healthy, luxuriant grower.This
berry has been tested by many
of the berry experts all over
the country.

Clyde. (S). Plant very vigor-
ous and healthy, foliage light
green in color, strong plants
with an abundance of long

1 H
f

Ay
i! GAS : ==

MM

FZ

¢ Ais / so oe ;

Y yt, Me N aN =x. roots, nearly. as large .as ; Sera erty ae j
3 is UTI) : mproper way to plant.
yi aM AY, Bubach, a week earlier and Pree: t
Strawberry Plant. very much firmer; good market berry.

Proper way to plant. .
CURRANTS.

Currants do the best on a cool, deep soil with some shade, but will
thrive with good culture in any soil. Use plenty of manure and the
following varieties will prove satisfactory:

Cherry. Moderately hardy, bunches short, large, late and good.

ff Fay’s Prolific. As largeas Cherry,
less acid, more prolific, hardy.

j Long Bunched Holland. Valuable
for its vigor, productiveness and
late keeping, qualities good, quite
acid.

Pomona. The best and most
promising currant yet introduced
into the northwest. Of good size
and attractive, colora clear, bright
red, has but few and small seeds, is

sweeter than the common sorts. Carries well to market and sells for
the highest price. The leaves endure our hot suns better than most
sorts, thus keeping the bushes far more healthy and fruitful. It is
going to be very extensively planted by enterprising planters. .

Victoria. Large, bright red, bunches very long, late, productive and
valuable.

18

r~

White Dutch. Productive, excellent, not so tart as Red Dutch.
White Grape. Very large and excellent; the very best table variety.

Red Dutch. Old well known sort, of good quality, a great bearer.

London Market. <A fine new variety, a vigorous grower, large fruit,.
and very productive, holds its foliage late.

Black Naples. Best black currant, much esteemed for jellies and
medicinal purposes.

GOOSEBERRIES.
The Gooseberry should have about the same soil as the currant and
about the same care is recommended.

Columbus. Magnificent, new, extra large, white, good bearer, bids.
fair to be of great value. So far the largest of American sorts we have
tried, and tHe strongest grower.

Champion. Not quite so large as Downing;a fine, healthy, vigorous.
grower. Free from. mildew and productive. It is sweet and of good
flavor, hardy.

Downing. Fruit jlarge, flesh whitish green, soft, juicy and good;
plant vigorous and productive; one of the very best.

Houghton. The old well Known
sort, sweet” and -cood. +It; 1s7 nether
small (but) av:very,” productive samc
reliable gooseberry; very hardy.

Pearl. This very reliable American
sort is a cross between the Houghton
and one of the very large English
varieties, hardy, free from mildew,
of good size and quality and more
productive than Downing.

We have in stock other varieties
which space will not allow us to
mention. If you don't see what you
want, call for it.

GRAPES.

Grapes appear to be satisfied with
the west for a home. With our deep
soil and fine atmosphere it reaches
almost to perfection. There is
scarcely a yard in city or country that
has not room for a dozen or so of
these vines of this delicious fruit.
They do very well trained up on trel-
lises, sides of buildings or fences.

HOUGHTON.

19

a~_LeN a LO LDO LOL DO LOO ees n eCOC _ OOOO OO OOOO TTT NR eee

Make the soil mellow and plant somewhat deeper than they stood in the
nursery. They should stand about eight feet apart along the fences or
buildings and six to ten feet apart in the rows. North of central Iowa
most sorts must be laid down in the fall. Cover with earth, sods or litter.

' Agawam. Large, handsome, fine, dark red berry, very good, vinous ©
and refreshing. Vines very vigerous and siene, healthy grower, bears
an abundance of large bunches.

* .Concord. The grape that stands ona great variety of soil and does
well. Large, nearly black, hardy, productive and rather late for
northern planters.

Campbell’s Early. This grape was produced by a determined effort to
produce one that had all of the Concord’s good qualities and none
ofits poor ones. The special merits claimed for this grape are a strong
vigorous, hardy vine, thick, mildew resisting and abundant foliage,
abundant crops, very large, shouldered and compact handsome clusters,
season very early, will hang upon vine sound and perfect for six weeks.
A good shipper. Berries large, nearly round, often nearly an inch in
diameter, black with a light purpleish bloom, skin thin but very
tenacious, bears handling and shipping admirably, flesh firm, tender
and of equal consistency, few and small seeds, rich flavor, sweet and
slightly vinous. :

Green Mountain. Claimed to be the earliest, hardiest and best yet
produced. Vine very strong, productive. A very fine white grape, thin
skin and fine quality.

Moore’s Early. eX pure Concord seedling. The earliest, very large,
good grape in cultivation. Fully two weeks earlier than Concord, which
is a high recommendation for northern latitudes. Vine hardy, berry
large, black with blue bloom, flesh pulpy and of good quality; should
be in every garden.

Moore’s Diamond. Very hardy and extremely prolofic, bunches very
large and compact, berry greenish white tinged with yellow, about the
same size as Concord. In quality it is claimed*to be superior to any
other white grape. It ripens somewhat earlier than Concord. Does
best east and south.

McPike. A very desirable new grape. Said to be a seedling of
Worden which it resembles in color, quality and time of ripening.
Bunches large, berry very large and fine, sometimes an inch and more
in diameter.

Niagara. White, bunch medium, berry large, skin thin but tough,
vigorous and healthy, very good quality, ripens with Concord.

\y Worden. A seedling of Concord, handsome, healthy, early and
vigorous. Productive with larger and longer bunches than its parent.
Better in quality and ten days earlier.

We also have in stock Lady, Janesville, Clinton, Deleware and
Pocklington.

20

I

MISCELLANEOUS FRUITS.

High Bush Cranberry... A very handsome bush growing 4 to 5 feet
high with fine clusters of red berries, hanging on all winter and making
a very handsome appearance. Very hardy and should be planted more
than itis. Fruit is much esteemed by some for sauce.

Dwarf Juneberry. A fine substitute for the swamp Huckleberry or
Whortleberry which it resembles. The reddish purple fruit is about the
shape and size of the currant, borne in clusters, a mild sub-acid, and
used for dessert and canning. The bushes are very hardy and stand the
exposures of the north and the heat of the summer equally well. The
berries are much larger than the wild Juneberry and the bush is quite
ornamental.

Russian Mulberry. This very vigorous and fairly hardy tree was first
recommended for its fruit and for timber. It is worth little for those
purposes, but seems to be the best thing for a quick growing snow
break, and to furnish a fruit that is eagerly sought after by the birds,
thus saving cherries and other valuable fruit.

Rocky Mountain Cherry. From the mountains of Colorado. Very
hardy, with deep green willow like leaf, it has a mass of purple like
blossoms in the spring and a mass of fruit in the summer. Some of
selected varieties will no doubt come into cultivation in the prairie
sections.

Barberry. Common and purple, very hardy, makes a first rate hedge
on account of the thick thorns that grow on them, when full grown
nothing will go through it. The fruit is much esteemed by some for
jelly. The Purple Leaf makes a first rate ornamental plant.

ROSES.

No home is fully a home without at least a few of these beautiful
flowers. Given ordinarily good careand plenty of manure they will re-
pay you. Do not let them get sod bound. All roses in this climate are
benefited by being layed down, but some of those we list will do without.
The more care you give the rose the better it will bloom and prosper
and you will be happy accordingly.

HARDY CLIMBING ROSES.
Baltimore Belle. Pale blush, nearly white, very compact and double.

Russell’s Cottage. Dark crimson,very double and full, extra strong
and rampant grower.

Seven Sisters. A splendid rose blooming in clusters, crimson
changing all shades to white. .

Prairie Queen. An old standard variety and one that will always be
popular. No collection of hardy climbing roses is complete without it.
Bright rosy red, large compact and globular flowers.

at

=

Crimson Rambler. One of the best of the climbing: roses, very rapid

grower, abundance of double crimson flowers, should be planted
extensively. |

HARDY HYBRID PERPETUALS.

Anna de Diesbach. Brilliant rose color with 1]
on oint d S :
of the best in its class. | g pointed buds, one

Black Prince. Dark crimson, shaded black, sometimes very fine.

Duke of Edenburg. Large, full, bright scarlet crimson, shaded to
maroon, valuable.

Gen. Jacqueminot. Dark red, a fine bloomer, one of the very best to
grow.

Gen. Washington. One of the freest blooming roses of this class,
perfectly double, soft scarlet, shaded to crimson.

Harrison Yellow. A golden yellow, blooms early and abundant, very
hardy.

Madam Plantier. Pure white, double, free bloomer, very desirable and
fairly hardy.

Magna Charta. A general favorite, bright healthy foliage, beautiful
pink.

Marshal P. Wilder. One of the best, dark red, large perfect flowerss
very fine.

Mrs. John Laing. A grand free blooming perpetual, delicate pink
with satin cast.

Paul Neyron. The largest flow-
ered in cultivation, and one of the
most prolific bloomers. We always
recommend Paul Neyron when a
good pink rose is wanted.

Rosa Rugosa. A hardy rose of
vigorous growth, thick leathery
wrinkled glossy foliage and large
fragrant, crimson single flowers-
The buds ot this rose are long
pointed and very handsome. The
bush merits a place in clumps of .
shrubbery on the lawn.

HARDY MOSS ROSES.

Henri Martin. Large, full, sweet,
rich glossy pink, tinged with
crimson.

Luxemburg. Bright crimson, large,
and beautifully mossed.

Princess Adelaide. Fine, large, veTy
HENRI MARTIN. double, rosy pink and very fragrant-

HARDY TREE ROSES.

We have these novelties for sale at a nominal price. They are the
same varieties as are listed in other hardy sorts but grafted on stocks
about four feet high. They are very attractive and desirable.

HARDY TREES AND SHRUBS.

While most people admire well arranged and well kept grounds they
somehow fail to recognize that it is within their power also to. have
them. You cannot have a fine horse and not take care of him; neither
can you have a fine home and not do the same. And aside from the en-
joyment that comes from having fine trees, shrubs, flowers and vines
around a home it adds to its commercial value. In our work among the
farm people we have often heard a man say, “Well, it is that handsome
wind break on the north and west of their barn and orchard that
sold it for such a price as that—for you know that my land isjust as good
as his, but I can’t get any such price.” It is the same inthe city or town.
If a man has a fine house and no trees and flowers he cannot get the
price that the man can that has his lawn already beautified. We have
seen lots well planted sell readily for a good price while those un-
planted would go begging for buyers.

DECIDUOUS ORNAMENTAL TREES.

Birch, White. A beautiful native tree of our northern woods. Its
silvery white bark and dark brown branches make it a conspicuous
and very attractive object.

Birch, European White. Very similar to our native birch, a little
more weeping but not so large as our native trees.

Black Walnut. Native of our forests and one of the noblest of our
native trees, makes fine groves, and profitable both for the fruit they
bear and for the fine timber they produce.

Butternut. Native of our forests, almost the same may be said of
them as the above. The fruit is of somewhat finer quality.

Catalpa. From hardy northern grown seed, 50 percent more hardy
than from ordinary seed. Very large leaves, immense bunches of beau-
tiful flowers in July. The timber of this tree is used for cabinet work to
considerable extent.

Chestnut, Horse, White Flowering. The best known of the Horse
Chestnuts, of handsome regular form, ultimately reaching a large size.
In May is covered with large spikes of beautiful white flowers dotted
with red and yellow. A beautiful tree for park or lawn when planted
singly. ,

Elm, White. A noble drooping spreading tree of our native forests
one of the best for avenues or drives.

Elm, Cork Barked. <A very fine elm of our native forests, very beauti-
ful and symetrical. A marked contrast with the White Elm, has more
the form of the Sugar Maple.

23

ee ee

Scaeaeaia 1s

Linden, American. A remarkable growing, large sized tree with a
straight trunk, deep green heart-shaped leaves, and clusters of
fragrant yellow flowers. A native of our woods and will grow almost
-anywhere; makes a very handsome shade tree.

MAPLES.

Silver Leaved. (Soft.) Leaves white underneath, of rapid growth, very
ornamental and one of the best street trees we have.

Sugar Maple. A beautiful, stately tree of fine form, and a desirable
shade tree.

Mountain Ash, Oak Leaved. A fairly hardy tree of pyrmidal habit,

foliage deeply lobed, bright green above and downy beneath. One of
the finest lawn trees.

Willow, Laurel Leaved. A fine, large growing tree attaining a diameter
of from two to three feet, with leaves of the finest glossy green, a beauti-
spreading grower, the finest of the willows.

Willow, Golden. A very ornamental tree of fine form with a fine golden
colored bark, hardy, and the most attractive, while young, of the willow
family.

Ash, White. A native of our forests and one of the finest for street
planting, very hardy and a fine grower. Should be planted for groves
and wind breaks also. The timber is of the best quality.

WEEPING TREES.

Cut Leaved Weeping Birch. Erect, stately, rapid growing tree, with
long slender pendant branches, delicate cut leaves and silver white trunk
and branches, especially attractive when near evergreens, very hardy.
The most elegant weeping tree we know of.

Mountain Ash, European, Weeping. A strong grower, remarkably pen-
dant, very hardy here.

Kilmarnock Weeping Willow. One of the very best weepers, but the
stock upon which it is budded is not considered hardy. |

Tees Weeping Mulberry, Russian. The weeping variety of the well
known Russian Mulberry, very graceful and grows to the ground, the
finest low headed weeping tree that we know of. Should be planted on
every lawn. It is sometimes necessary to cut back the fine branches in
early spring in the north. Fairly hardy.

DECIDUOUS ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS.
Acacia Rose. This is one of the finest old shrubs in cultivation,
hardy and a perfect blaze of beauty when in bloom.

Almond, Dwarf Flowering Pink. One of the finest old shrubs and very
popular, and should be more generally planted.

Almond, White. Same as the pink only more beautiful.

24

Caragana. A very hardy bush, growing five feet in height, of erect
habit, a very profuse bloomer in late May and the first three weeks in
June, with pretty, showy blossoms.

Golden Elder. Large showy shrubs with a mass of snowy white blos-
soms, and carries a rich golden foliage allsummer. It is a most beauti-
. ful shrub, especially when it has a back ground of green.

Honeysuckle, Pink and White. One of the old very hardy shrubs. A
beautiful thing with its masses of pink and white bloom, very showy
and attractive. : | |

Hydrangea. One of the most desirable shrubs. Flowers white and in
great panicles a foot long, in August and’ September when flowers are
scarce and blooms a long time. Hardy and should be universally
planted. Water heavily before the ground freezes.

Japan Quince, Scarlet. Profuse bloomer with scarlet blossoms in long
succession. One of the finest shrubs.

Lilac, Common Persian and White. These are some of the old-time
flowers, but have not outgrown their welcome among us. The whiteand
Persian are especially fine, and there is nothing the children like better
than to get their hands full of these beautiful flowers. Very easily
grown and require very little care.

Spirae Vanhoutti. One of the finest of our flowering shrubs. In June
it is fairly covered with a mass of white bloom most beautiful to see.
There is nothing finer than a hedge of this shrub, or single bushes as
‘they grow almost perfectly round and attain a height of four or five feet
unless kept down. Every lawn should have one or more of this fine
thing.
b= Spirea, Golden. A new novelty, very pretty. One of the best of the
golden leaved shrubs and should be generally planted for lawn pur-
poses.

Spirea, Fragrant. This is one of the hardiest of our shrubs and very
fragrant, has a mass of white bloom and is much esteemed by those that
have it. Very hardy and should be extensively planted.

Spirea Grandiflora. Nearly the same as the above only with very
much larger blossoms, very hardy.

Syringa, Grandiflora. This is one of the finest flowering shrubs grown,
beautiful white blossoms covering the whole bush. Very hardy and fine,

Syringa, Fragrant. Smaller than the above and very fragrant and fine’
hardy.

Snowberry. A good shrub with white blossoms in summer and white
berry in fall and winter. Quite attractive and fairly hardy.

Strawberry Tree, or Euonymous. This bush or dwarf tree is a great nov-.
elty as it retains its masses of scarlet berries all winter when there is so
little to remind one of the summer days that are gone, perfectly hardy
and grows toa height of from five to eight feet.

25

a

Snowball. This bush is so well known that it needs no description,
very fine for lawn or cemetery purposes. ap

Weigela. Moderately hardy with profuse trumpet flowers in May.
The most superb shrub of the season.

EVERGREENS.

No one thing adds so much to the value, comfort and looks of a
place, not even a fine house, as groups, or fine single specimens, and wind
breaks of well grown evergreens. No forlorn looking horse or shivering
animals are seen on a place surrounded by this nobleclass of trees. Such
a farm always sells fora price that shows that such things are appreci-
ated. We handle our evergreens in such a manner that they should
surely grow if given the required attention by the planter. In planting
never expose the roots to the wind or the hot sun; make a mud batter
and dip the roots into it; then plant about as deep or deeper than they
were in the nursery, cultivate well and mulch close to the trees as soon
as planted and they will surely reward your care.

Arbor Vitae, American. One of the finest evergreens for screens and
hedges. Grows very rapidly and soon forms a beautiful hedge.

Arbor Vitae, Globosa. A dense round growing varieiy,hardy and very
desirable.

Arbor Vitae, Pyramidalis. The most beautiful of the Arbor Vites.
Grows rather tall and slender in the form of a pyramid.

Balsam Fir. A handsome, compact, erect, pointed tree with short, soft
leaves which are dark green above and silvery beneath. A good grower.

Black Hill Spruce. Very slow grower, dark green foliage, very sym-
metrical, compact. Excellent forlawns. Hardy.

Norway Spruce. A lofty, elegant tree of perfect pyramidal habit, very
popular and should be more planted. Fine for lawn or windbreaks.

Colorado Blue Spruce. A rare, elegant tree with foliage of rich blue.
One of the most distinct and striking of the spruce family, a dense
grower and perfectly hardy. The finest tree for the lawn we know of.

White Spruce. A pyramidal tree of dense growth with light silver
green foliage. A more compact tree in all respects than the Norway.
Fine for lawn planting and for general use. Very hardy.

Pine, Austrian. A remarkably robust, hardy, spreading tree, leaves
long and stiff, dark green. Rapid grower and valuable; improves with
age.

Pine, Scotch. A robust, rapid growing tree, very hardy. Makes one
of the best wind breaks for the prairies.

Pine, White. It is the most ornamental of all the native pines. Foli-
age a delicate light silvery green. Flourishes in the driest, poorest soils
and is easily transplanted.

Pine, Pondoroas. Heavy wooded pine, rapid grower, forms a treefof
great size. Valuable tree for north and northwest.

26

Juniper or Red Cedar. A well known American tree with deep green
foliage. Fine for hedges or single trimmed trees, easily transplanted
and very enduring. All evergreens must have the roots kept fresh and
moist. }

FLOWERING VINES.

Clematis Jackman ii. This plant is a strong grower and an abundant
bloomer from July to October. The flowers are large and of an intense
violet purple color, remarkable for théir velvety richness. It has very
few equals. ,

Clematis Henry ii. One of the largest perpetual hybrids, of robust.
habits and a free bloomer. Flowers large and a beautiful creamy white
From July to October. These two Clematis are at their handsomest when
planted side by side.

Clematis Paniculata. Is an introduction of recent years and has given ©
good satisfaction. The flowers are pure white and borne in clusters. A
rapid grower and profuse bloomer.

Clematis Viticella. A good variety, flowers in abundance, of a bright
wine red color. A strong, free grower.

We have on our list other Clematis also, and will be pleased to give
whatever information about them we can.

Celastrus, or Staff Tree. Bittersweet, aunique climber with a pretty
red berry in autumn and winter.

Honeysuckle, Scarlet Trumpet. A strong, rapid grower with beautiful
scarlet trumpet-shaped flowers; blossoms nearly all summer. Hardy.

Honeysuckle, Yellow Trumpet. The same as the above but with yellow
instead of scarlet flowers. Hardy. ;

Virginia Creeper, Ampelopsis. A very rapid grower having very beau-
tiful dark green foliage, which in autumn assumés the most brilliant
hues. The vine is the best calculated in this country to take the place
of the English Ivy, and is in summer not inferior to it. One of the best
climbing plants, hardy everywhere.

Wisteria, Purple. .A rapid grower, hardy. A most superb climbing
vine with purple flowers sometimes twice a season.

Wisteria, White. About the same asthe purple only it has white
flowers. :

PEONIES.

We have on handa very fine list of Peonies in a good variety of color
such as pink, white, red, dark red, white with red center, red with white
center. Very early dark red with single petals. |

LILIES.

Auratum. This superb lily has flowers from six to eight incheslong,
having a bright golden band through the center of each petal.

»

27

Sa wea

Lillium Candium. This is the well known white lily, with large race-
mes of large snowy white fragrant blossoms. Moderately hardy.

Lillium Longiflorum. Large, beautiful, trumpet-shaped snowy white
flowers, very fragrant and hardy. |

Lillium Rubrum. This has carmine spots on rose tinted ground, very
beautiful and extremely hardy. |

Lillium Umbellatum. Tiger Lily, well known, spotted, never fails.

Lemon Lily. Pure lemon color, earliest in bloom, very fragrant and
absolutely hardy. |

Lily of the Valley. One of the most charming spring flowering plants.
Bell-shaped, delightfully fragrant small white flowers.

FLOWERING ROOTS.

Bleeding Heart. A beautiful border plant, with brilliant rosy, heart
shaped flowers, blossoms in great profusion on gracefully curved stems
from May till June. 7

Dahlias. We have a good assortment of these flowers at hand in as-
sorted colors.

Perrenial Phlox. These flowers are produced in immense masses of
bloom from the purest white to crimson. They grow about two feet in
height and are very hardy. A good assortment always at hand.

GARDEN ROOTS.

Asparagus. This should be in every family garden; hardy, no trouble
to care forit, and one of the finest of early spring vegetables, coming
just when all are wishing for something out of the garden.

Rhubarb or Pie Plant. One of the finest of the early’garden plants for
sauce. Should be in every farm garden.

Horse Radish. To well known to describe, very fine when grated for
meats.

RECOMMENDATIONS.

We wish to say in regard to these recommendations that they are
‘bona fide, and any one writing to these parties with a stamp enclosed we
feel sure will get a reply. Some of these letters we have given only in
part as we were crowded for room.

EXCELSIOR, MINN., February 2, 1899.
Dear Sir: Coldest here for many years; 40 degrees below zero. Peerless, Malinda,
and other kinds injured but Patten Greening all right.
Again under date of August 17, 1897.
Dear Sir: I am pleased to say that the trees I have received from you are the finest
trees I have ever received from any one. Nosigns of blight on any of them and nota
bud has killed. Yours truly, A.D. LEACH.

MARCUS, IOWA, June 23, 1896.
I like your Greening and wish I had planted two hundred trees of them.
M. E. HINKLEY.
.
WEST SALEM, WIS., October 2, 1899.
I had some very large Patten’s Greening this fall, overone poundeach. They stood
the winter well and bore well. A. J. PHILLIPS.

MADISON, S. D., September 1, 1898.
The Rockford is fine this year and stands drouth better than most kind.

A. NORBY.

TACOMA, WASH, January 22, 1900.
The Patten Greening trees did fine under unfavorable condition, andI think well of

them. P. N. ELMORE.

GREELEY, IOWA, September 30, 1896.

Hon.'C. G. Patten: I write you to say that the Patten Greening trees I got of you
five year ago have done well, they have done the best of any trees of their age I have
ever set in the forty-three years I have been growing trees in Delaware county. Very
many of the trees had on more than four and one-half bushels of apples at the time of
picking. I filled a half bushel heaping full with twenty-five apples; taken out of the
measure they weighed twenty-seven and one-half pounds. We measured many that
were fourteen and one-half inches around and weighed eighteen ounces. One weighed
one and one-fourth pounds. They sell readily for double the price of any apple I have.
They are the finest one hundred trees in Delaware county. Their limbs lay on the
ground all around the trees with their loads of fruit and none of them blight.

Yours truly, L. G. CLUTE.

28

NIN ROO, ee
FARIBAULT, MINN., August 22, 1901.

The Patten Greening apple trees which came from your place in 1898 (fifty of them)

are growing their first crop this year and they are very fine to look upon (good for sore

eyes). A good many of my friends say they are the finest they ever saw. A good share

of the apples will exceed eight ounces in weight and some fourteen ounces, Have sent

a half bushel to the exhibit at Buffalo and will probably send more latex in the season
when they get their full growth. ROL. JEWERES,.

BEDERWOOD, MINN., August 23, 1899.
The Patten Greening came through the winter of 50 degrees below zero looking the
best and brightest of any trees raised out of one hundred varieties. The three-year-old
Patten Greening are looking fine. ROLLA STUBBS.
ALBERT LEA, MINN.
Our principal apple buyer, who has bought my crop for the past three years, says
that he would as soon have the Patten Greening as the Wealthy to sell. When he sells
a peck to a customer he frequently returns and wants a bushel of “those big green
apples.”” They make such a good appearance that they attract buyers and their qual-
ity does not disappoint. CLARENCE WEDGE.

NEW ULM, MINN, May 6, 1891.
The trees arrived in good condition. The stock was good, honest stock, and you will
certainly get a large order next spring. C. W. H. HEIDERMAN.

ONTREMONT, CANADA, June 8, 1896.
I enclose postoffice order in settlement of account. Thetrees were nearly a month
on the road, but opened up pretty fresh and most of them have started to grow.
H.W. DUNLAP ,

CHARLES CITY, IowA, November 18, 1896.
My Patten Greening trees bore a fine crop of apples, large and uniform in size. In
hardiness of tree and quality of fruit [am more than pleased. A. B. SCOFIELD.

CHARLES CITY, Iowa.

I bought of you in the spring of 1894 one of your Greening. lt bore twenty-three fine
apples, some of them weighing one pound. This same tree has made the largest
growth of any planted at the sametime. Why did I not plant more Patten Greening?
I shall next spring. GEORGE BENZ.

MARBLE ROCK, IOWA, November 26, 1896.
Five years ago I planted my orchard from you. Out of the eighty trees I have not
lost a tree. My crop this year was from 80 to 100 apples per tree. Your Patten

Greening is a good tree, bears well and a nice large apple and of good quality.
ar JAMES BARR.

MANKATO, MINN., May 22, 1901.
C. G. Patten & Son, Proprietors of the Charles City Nurseries.
Dear Sirs: Have dealt with you for the last seven or eight years in nursery stock,
obtaining my stock to fill my orders from you. I wish to bear testimony to the uni-
formly high grade of stock I have received from you and the fair and honorable deal-
ing with you. I have been a general dealer for thirty-three years, since 1868, and have
sold much stock in Blue Earth, Nicollette, Brown and Le Seuer counties, Minnesota,
and Brookings county, S. D., and your stock seems especially adapted to all of this
‘country. Many orchards planted two, three, four, five, six and seven years ago are now
bearing and I wish you could see them, such health and thrift cannot be excelled any-
where I think in the United States of America. Yours Truly, M. ROBLEE.

DUNDEE, MINN., May 24, 1901.

I have handled Mr. Patten’s stock in Waseca, Faribault, Martin, and Cottonwood
counties, Minn., for the last nine years and will candidly say Mr. C. G. Patten’s nursery
stock, of Charles City, Floyd county, Iowa, has done and is doing fine, couldn’t do bet-
ter. Icanand will gladly on request refer you to the orchards I have sold, trees that
are bearing from three to five bushels. Will gladly answer any request you may wish
to make. Respectfully, J. H. FRANKLIN.

Mr. C. G. Patten, proprietor of the Patten’s Nursery, of Charles City, lowa, has been
known to me for a number of years and I most willingly affirm that for honesty, integ-
rity and honor no man stands higher in this community, and can furthermore affirm
that Iam positive Mr. C.G. Patten will not put a man onthe road of whose reliability
there can be any question. P. J. MCGRATH.

This is from our Catholic priest here at Charles City whom we have known for
many years.

FT. DODGE, IOWA, July 15, 1898.
I wish to say that I think more of your Patten Famuse than anything you have
sent me. Think it worth more than your Greenigg. Yours truly, W.C. HAVILAND.

WHITE ELM.

3h

DIRECTIONS FOR SPRAYING.

The following directions are taken from Wm. Stahl’s Sprayirg Cal-
-endar and are strictly up-to-date:

Apples. To destroy the codling moth, canker worm and apple cur-
culio, use one pound of Paris Green to 160 gallons of water. Spray the
trees when in full bloom. The second application Should be made a
week or ten days later, when the apples are the size of a pea,and the
third application should be made a week or ten days from the time of
the second spraying. This application is made necessary when the sec-
ond spraying is followed by rain.

In preparing Paris Green for use, mix thoroughly with sufficient
water to a paste-like consistency; then stir into a pail of water and allow
to stand over night, by morning it will be dissolved. Strain this through
a coarse cloth into the distributing barrel or tank. Mix therewith two
or three pounds of limein the proportion to 160 gallons of mixture.
Lime should always be added to the Paris Green Mixture to avoid burn-
ing the foliage. A common method is to apply the Paris Green in Bor-
deau Mixture as for apple scab and codling moth, the action of neither
is weakened, but Paris Green loses all its existing properties.

Plums and Cherries. PLUM CURCULIO—Use Paris Green in the
proportion of one-fourth pound to fifty gallons of water; give first spray-
ing when in bloom, second spraying-after the bloom has dropped, and
the third spraying a week or ten days after the second.

Currants, Raspberries, Strawberries and Gooseberries.—Cur-
rant worms and the slug and insects which infest raspberry and goose-
berry bushes and strawberry vines, may be destroyed by one ounce of
powdered white hellebore mixed with two gallons of water.

To Prevent Potato Blight or Rot. Use Bordeaux Mixture, same
as for grape rot, with the exception of using more water. Dissolve six
pounds of sulphate of copper in thirty-two ‘eallons of water and slake
four pounds of fresh lime in twelve gallons of water. When the last
mixture has cooled, pour it slowly into the copper solution, taking care
to mix the fluids thoroughly by constant stirring. When the vines are
-abont ten to twelve inches high, spray, and continue the operation every
two weeks. By mixing with the Bordeaux Mixture a solution of Paris
Green, one pound to 200 gallons of the mixture, the fungus and potato
bug may be doctored at one operation.

Grape Rotand Mildew. Use BordeauxMixture—a sure preventive.

Bordeaux Mixture (A). Dissolve 16 pounds of sulphate of copper
in 22 gallons of water; in another vessel, slake 30 pounds of lime in 16
gallons of water. When the last mixture has cooled, pour it slowly into
the copper solution, taking care to mix the fluids thoroughly by con-
stant stirring. It is well to have this compound prepared some days
before it is required for use.

A solution containing the ingredients in the following proportions
has been recommended for oeneral use:

Bordeaux Mixture (B). Dissolve 6 pounds of copper sulphate in
16 gallons of water and slake 4 pounds of fresh limein 6 gallons of water.
When cool mix the solution as described above.

32

Treatment. Asa first step every percaution should be taken to re-
move as much of the infectious material as possible. With this object
in view the old leaves and rotten berries should be carefully collected in
the fall or winter and burned or buried. Trimmings should also be
burned, as they often harbor thousands of the minute spores or repro-
ductive bodies of the fungus. The Bordeaux Mixture has proven beyond
a doubt to be the most reliable preventive for black rot. In all cases it
must be remembered that these treatments are preventives, and being
such it is sheer folly to wait until the enemy’ appears before beginning
the fight.

In the spring, after the vineyard has been pruned and put in order
by the plow, but before vegetation starts, spray the vines thoroughly
with the Bordeaux Mixture, Formula A. The object of this spraying is
to destroy any spores of the fungus that may be hidden away in the
crevices of the bark. About ten days before the flowers open, spray all
the green parts of the vines with the Bordeaux Mixture, Formula B, tak-
ing care to wet the foliage thoroughly. Spray again with the same prep-
aration when the flowers are opening, repeating the operation every
three weeks until the fruit begins to color. The necessity for beginning
the treatment early can not be too strongly urged.

Kerosene Emulsion is one of the most useful of. the insecticides,
and may be easily prepared as follows: Dissolve one-half pound best —
whale oil soap in four pints of water by boiling. When the soap is all
dissolved, remove from the fire and add two gallons of kerosene and agi-
tate the whole briskly until a stable mixture is obtained. This is best
done by using a force pump and pumping the mixture with force back
into the vessel that contains it. The emulsion may be diluted to the de-
sired strength and used at once, or it may be allowed to stand and be
used from when needed. The strength ordinarily used is prepared by
diluting one part of the emulsion in ten or twelve parts of water, which
makes the kerosene about one-twentieth part of the whole. If trees are
badly effected use 35 to 50 per cent less water.

To destroy woolly and apple aphis and bark lice, suctorial or sap-
sucking species of insects, including chinch bugs, squash bugs, plant
lice, leaf hoppers, aphis and bark lice. Usethe Kerosene Emulsion with
double the quantity of water, making the kerosene from 10 to 15 per cent
of strength. :

To Prevent Fungus [iseases affecting fruit trees, such as apple
scab, twig blight, bitter and black rot of apple, pear and quince leaf
blight, black knot on the plum and cherry, rot and leaf spot disease of
plum and cherry, and fungus diseases and rust affecting the raspberry,
blackberry, currant, gooseberry and strawberry.

Spray with the Bordeaux Mixture, which is prepared as follows: Dis-
solve 6 pounds of sulphate of copper (blue vitriol) in 16 gallons of rain
water. Put thisin a sack and hang in the water. In, another. vessel
slake 4 pounds of lime in 6 gallons of water. When this has cooled, pour
it slowly into the copper solution, being careful to mix the fluids thor-
oughly by constant stirring. This mixture can be diluted to one-half
the above strength by adding more water, if desired, for preventing fun-
gus diseases, and many parties have had satisfactory results by diluting
in this manner. Yet my experience has proven to me that it is best to
use the.original Bordeaux Mixture, and think that the difference in cost
will be more than made up by the increased thrift and vigor of the trees,

vines and foliage.

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