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SPECIAL TREE AND PERENNIAL NUMBER
STRIKING EFFECTS WITH LARKSPUR ARE POSSIBLE IN AMERICA AS IN ENGLAND
uae oe ag THOMA S M E E HAN ‘G4 SO N S
Nurserymen and Horticulturists Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa.
The Meehan Service Bureau
DIRECT, PERSONAL and ORIGINAL WITH US
HEN you are confronted with garden problems, large or
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able information by writing to us.
One man, from among our six District Managers, has charge of all
orders and inquiries in your State. He makes a study of conditions
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In addition to this distinctively personal service, all communications
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Look at this letter we reproduce. aoe
It shows to what extent our Infor- Sp ae
mation Bureau is used, and we like ve
and encourage such confidence. It 1s :
Thos. Meehan & Sons.
: 6 ° ? Dear Sir:-
quite natural that through this service | I aa going to venture to ask you for infore-
we have in the past made thousands of | mation on a point, being unable to get any from other
friends and customers. That is why / sm por hos GE chywcry cree oi,
it is good business to extend the work. | as by root-pruning. Can you tell me anything about
f i @ process which would enable me te use it. I have
Do not feel, however, that you will j a@ very fine little hemlock brought from th mountain
4 3 : i which I would like to keep dwarf, for a house plant.
obligate yourself by asking our assist- ::
|
ance. ‘This help we extend is free—
without any restrictions—and rig ht fav y curse anayehngyeu werent eae eee ee
information, and knew more than any otther people in
here let us say that any suggestions
or advice we give will be independent
of our desire to sell you our plants.
the country.
Thanking you in advance for anything you
May be able to tell me,
Very truly yours,
THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS
GERMANTOWN, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
Hagerstovm Maryland, Oct.14 1910,
Can you tell me at what time tne pruning snould be done
\ 4 or anything about it. I was referred to you by a lady
/
whe said she had been in cerrespndence with your firm
X=
>
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A spreading lawa specim=:n is always to be had by planting a beech. Look at the tree in the centre background —how pleasing
and natural is the effect.
Deciduous Trees for
WARREN J.
ERY nearly every one realizes the need
for trees, and the value they add to
almost any property.
The great problem is, usually,
“What kind of trees shall I use?”
It is easy to understand the prevailing per-
plexity when one looks at the extensive list of
native trees and foreign kinds now recognized as
essential to modern gardening.
However, the question may be simplified by a
brief review of needs and conditions.
For example, a wise selection for a bleak, dry
hillside is narrowed to about a dozen kinds.
Unfortunately, many will entrust the selection
It is a towering Tulip Poplar.
Ornamental Purposes
CHANDLER
to a local gardener whose good experience has
been limited. The result is a selection which is
either commonplace or fails to yield a vigorous
and thrifty growth with permanent satisfaction.
Plants may live in uncongenial locations, but be
not pleasing to the eye, especially when contrasted
with the vigorous, thrifty habit of a similar plant
in a happy position.
It is the purpose of these notes to give the
best general selection for specific positions and
purposes. Where desirable, a few notes have been
added.
For convenience in determining the classes into
which trees may be grouped, the consideration
most important is that of location.
Page
EEO aces
Here is the result of planting a River's Purple Beech. Compact
growth to the ground, rich, purple foliage and a
specimen of such size and proportion
as to individualize the property.
Apart from the ideal location, that of an open
position, with rich loamy soil and _ natural
drainage, there are three extremes where care
must be exercised in selection—i. e., the wet or
swampy position, the dry bank or hilltop, and the
seashore.
TREES FOR Dry SITUATIONS.
On knolls, hillsides, banks and under similar
conditions, some trees will flourish while others
would prove a dismal failure. Those we suggest
will do with a minimum amount of moisture.
In setting out trees in such positions, if pos-
sible, give at the start a goodly quantity of rich
soil with some well-rotted manure mixed with it.
This provides food for the establishment of the
tree. A summer mulch around each plant is
beneficial, conserving the moisture and giving
nourishment.
Where exposed to strong winds, a temporary
bracing of the tree by wiring it to stakes at three
different points from the trunk will give it a
chance to become “set.” Care should be exercised
to see that the trunk is protected from the wire
to avoid cutting.
Those trees best suited to positions above men-
tioned are as follows:
(Figures in parenthesis represent approximate
height of trees at maturity.)
Ailanthus, Ailanthus glandulosa (40 to 50 ft.).
White Birch, Betula alba (40 to 50 ft.).
Kentucky Coffee, Gymnocladus Canadensis (40
to 50 it.).
February
1911
Honey Locust, Gleditschia triacanthos (40 to
I) atita))-
Yellow Locust, Robinia pseudacacia (50 to 60
Bly) a
Varnish Tree, Koelreuteria paniculata (25 to
20) ink, ))s
Chinese Cedrela, Cedrela Sinensis (50 to 60 ft.).
Basswood or Linden, Tilia Americana (60 to
GO) site) )e
Empress Tree, Paulownia imperialis (50 to 60
tits)
Chinese Cork Tree, Phellodendron (40 to 50
1 eo
Scarlet Oak, Quercus coccinea (50 to 60 ft.).
Red Oak, Quercus rubra (50 to 60 ft.).
Rock Chestnut Oak, Quercus prinus (40 to 50
tite)
Hercules Club, Aralia (12 to 15 ft.).
(A small tree, with several stems in place of
one leader.)
English Cork Maple, Acer campestre (20 to 25
Title Ya
Tartarian Maple, and its variety Ginnale, Acer
Tataricum (15 to 20 ft.).
Mountain Maple, Acer striatum (15 to 20 ft.).
Trees FOR Moist AND SWAMPY SITUATIONS.
It is a prevailing impression that situations
favored with much moisture are suitable for all
trees, but such is not the case.
Quick growth with pleasing final results is secured when you
plant the American Linden. Here, too, isa shade as
well as an ornamental tree.
February
TET
The existence of water on a property is excuse enough for the planting of some weeping Babylonian Willows.
The list which follows is known to us to do
exceptionally well, but certain care is necessary to
get the best results.
Where soil is heavy and clayey a tree, on being
set out, should have artificial drainage in the
form of broken stone, ashes or sand in the bot-
tom of the hole. If undue moisture exists, a
mounding of the soil around the trunk will effect
a surface drain.
Where feasible to do so, the trenching of sour
soil in the autumn, allowing it to remain in this
condition over winter, will sweeten and im-
prove it.
The following trees are the very best for such
locations :
Sweet Gum, Liguidambar styraciflua (40 to 50
Re).
Sour Gum, Nyssa multiflora (40 to 50 ft.).
Tulip Tree, Liriodendron tulipifera (60 to 75
te)
Red or Swamp Maple, Acer rubrum (40 to 50
EE
Willow, in variety, Salix (various heights).
Pin Oak, Quercus palustris (50 to 60 ft.).
Swamp White Oak, Quercus bicolor (40 to 50
Ete)e
Bald Cypress, Taxodium distichum (40 to 50
1S) e
Swamp Alder, Alnus (30 to 40 ft.).
Silver Maple, Acer dasycarpum (60 to 75 ft.).
Red Birch, Betula rubra (40 to 50 ft.).
Bitternut, Carya amara (50 to 60 ft.).
Elm, in variety, Ulmus (30 to 75 ft.).
Buttonwood, or Plane, Platanus (75 to 80 ft.).
Magnolia Tree, varieties (various heights).
SEASHORE TREES.
Along the Atlantic coast there are some trees
which thrive unusually well and are worthy of
special mention.
At the seashore, trees should invariably be
braced with wires till well rooted.
Kentucky Coffee, Gymnocladus Canadensis (40
to 50 ft.).
English Oak, Quercus Robur (30 to 40 ft.).
Chinese Cedrela, Cedrela Sinensis.
Tree of Heaven, Ailanthus (50 to 60 ft.).
Ash, in variety, Fraxinus (25 to 30 frt.).
Japanese Tamarisk, Tamarix (small
trees).
Willows, in variety, Salix (various heights).
Honey Locust, Gleditschia triacanthos (40 to
50 ft.).
Sweet Gum, Liquidambar styraciflua (40 to 50
hbo)
Sassafras (35 to 40 ft.).
Small-leaved Lime, Tilia Europe (40 to 50
hE)
bushy
February
1911
Flowering Apples, Pyrus (10 to 25 ft.). Vari-
ous.
Red Bud, Cercis Canadensis (25 ft.). Light
pink.
Japanese Judas, Cercis Japonica (10 ft.). Deep
pink.
White and Pink Dogwood, Cornus florida and
flore rubro (20 to 25 ft.).
Flowering Horse Chestnuts, 4/sculus (40 to 50
ft.). White and red.
Yellow Wood, Cladrastis tinctoria (25 ft.).
White.
Chinese Cedrela, Cedrela Sinensis (50 it.).
White.
Styrax Japonica (15 ft.). White.
Yellow Locust, Robinia pseudacacia (40 ft.).
White.
Hardy Orange, Citrus trifoliata (20 ft.). White.
Linden, Zilia (50 ft.). Yellow.
Franklin Tree, Gordonia pubescens (12 ft.).
White.
Tulip Tree, Liriodendron tulipifera (60 ft.).
Green, yellow, blotched orange.
Flowering Ash, Fraxinus Ornus (20 ft.).
White.
The floral display alone recommends the Horse Chestnut, yet its
shade and general ornamental qualities are not to be ignored.
Alder, Alnus (30 to 40 ft.).
lalercolles Chun, Alralia (12 tO 15 it).
TREES FOR SPECIAL EFFECTS.
Special effects are secured by using those with
particular characteristics, such as _ flowering,
berried, weeping, dwarf-growth, etc.
In the following groups are listed the best
trees under their respective classes, with such
information as may be wanted.
FLOWERING TREES.
America is rich in a big assortment of native
flowering trees, but credit is also due to Japan
and China for their many valuable additions.
In listing these, the approximate height at
maturity is given, and also color of flowers.
Wistaria Tree, Pterostyrax hispidum (35 ft.).
White; graceful.
Magnolia—Chinese, Japanese and American
varieties (10 to 40 ft.). White, pink and red.
Empress Tree, Paulownia imperialis (35 {ft.).
Lavender; very fragrant.
Catalpa (35 fit.). White; showy.
Cherries, Cervasus (10 to 12 ft.). Chinese,
Japanese and European various varieties. st
Flowering Peach, Amygdalus Persica (10 ft.). Here is a tree worthy of a position on every lawn. The Katsura
6 5 Tree, Cercidifhyllum Japonicum. Grand foliage, pleasing
White, pink or red. form, and autumn coloring to the leaves.
Here is shown the pleasing effects resulting from a grouping of Japanese Maples.
ey are suitable for planting on properties large or small.
Varnish Tree, Kalreuteria paniculata (25 ft.).
Orange, yellow.
Norway Maple, Acer platanoides.
Red Maple, Acer rubrum (50 ft.).
orange.
English Laburnum, Laburnum vulgare (15 it.).
Yellow.
Sorrel Tree, Oxydendrum arboreum (25 it.).
White.
Yellow.
Reddish
Yellow Buckeye, Pavia flava (40 it.). Light
yellow.
Red Buckeye, Pavia rubra (12 ft.). Various.
Chinese Pagoda Tree, Sophora Japonica (30
ft.). White.
Hercules Club, Aralia spinosa (12 ft.).
Photinia villosa (12 ft.). White.
TreEES WitH COoLoRED FOLIAGE.
White.
This group is restricted to trees having dis-
tinctive foliage not produced by fall coloring.
The latter class has been separately treated.
The description following maturity size desig-
nates foliage color.
Japanese Maple, Acer polymorphum and
Japonicum, in variety (4 to 15 ft.). Varied colors
from green and yellow to crimson and inter-
mediate shades.
Copper and Purple Beech, Fagus purpurea and
variety Riversti (20 to 30 ft.). Purple.
Golden Oak, Quercus Robur concordia (15 to
20 ft.). Rich yellow.
Schwedler’s Purple Sycamore, Acer (30 to 40
ft.). Purple most pronounced in early spring.
Reitenbach’s Maple, Acer platanoides Reiten-
bachi. Purple in late summer.
Silver-leaved Linden, Tilia Europea argentea
(30 to 35 ft.). Silver on under side of leaf,
bright green above.
Bolleana Poplar, Populus alba Bolleana (30 to
40 ft.). White and wooly on under side of leaf.
Golden Poplar, Populus monilifera Van Geerti
(30 to 35 ft.). Golden foliage.
AUTUMNAL FOLIAGE COLORING.
Beautiful
Trees WITH
Sweet Gum, Liguidambar styraciflua.
blendings of crimson red and bronze.
Red Maple, Acer rubrum. Bright scarlet.
Sour Gum, Nyssa multifiora. Rich scarlet and
red.
Sugar Maple, Acer saccharinum.
red.
Dogwood, Cornus florida.
red and brown.
Oaks, Quercus.
ticularly bright in color.
blend of red and green.
Cherry, Cerasus Sieboldi. Dark red.
Japanese Katsura Tree, Cercidiphyllum Japon-
icum. Yellow and purple.
Hawthorns, in variety, Crategus.
let and orange.
Yellow and
Subdued shades of
Scarlet and pin oak are par-
Rubra has a beautiful
Mostly scar-
Tulip Poplar, Liriodendron tulipifera. Bright
yellow.
Sorrel Tree, Andromeda arborea. Scarlet.
Sassafras. Orange and scarlet.
Ginnale Maple, Acer Tataricum Ginnale. Dark
red.
Japanese Striped-bark Maple, Acer rufinerve.
Scarlet.
Trees WITH SHoWyY FRUIT.
Many trees grown for edible fruit, as the apple,
pear, peach, etc., are ornamental, but there are
others with berries and fruit of various forms
which are highly attractive.
The following are the showiest:
February
1911
We are sorry that the immense panicles of late summer flowers do not show in this illustration of the Aralia sfinosa, which is
in the centre. It is a most ornamental plant.
To the right is a good specimen of River's Purple Beech,
and the tall tree in the background is the Deciduous Cypress.
European Mountain Ash, Pyrus Aucuparia.
Orange.
Flowering Crabs, Pyrus. Yellow or scarlet.
Hawthorns, in variety, Crategus. Scarlet,
orange or red.
Dogwood, Cornus florida. Scarlet.
Magnolia, in variety.
pods.
Photinia villosa. Scarlet.
Prickly Ash, Zanthoxylon piperitum.
black.
Trees WITH CHARACTERISTIC WINTER BARK.
White Birch, Betula alba. Silvery white.
Chinese Cork Tree, Phellodendron. Deeply
ribbed cork bark.
Red Birch, Betula rubra. Shaggy reddish-brown
bark.
Striped Maple, Acer striatum. White penciling,
clearly defined.
American Beech, Fagus ferruginea. Ashen gray
bark.
Willows, Salix.
golden barks.
Scarlet seeds in fleshy
Reddish
Bright scarlet, yellow and
TREES OF PENDULOUS HABIT.
There is a big demand to-day for pendulous
and weeping trees, despite the contentions of
some that they are unnatural and inartistic.
The formal garden is one position in which
they are often a necessity.
Here are the best:
Teas’ Weeping Mulberry, Morus Tatarica Teas’
Weeping.
Weeping Babylonian Willow, Salix Babylonica.
Kilmarnock Willow, Salix caprea pendula.
Camperdown Elm, Ulmus montana pendula.
Wier’s Cut-leaved Maple, Acer dasycarpum
Wierit.
Cut-leaved Weeping Birch, Betula alba laciniata
pendula.
Cut-leaved Japanese Maple, Acer polymorphum
dissectum.
Weeping Japanese Cherry, Cerasus rosea pen-
dula.
Chinese Weeping Lilac,
pendula.
Weeping Siberian Pea, Caragana arborescens
pendula.
Weeping Ash, Fraxinus excelsior pendula.
Pendulous Linden, Tilia Europea Parmentiert.
Weeping Beech, Fagus sylvatica pendula.
Syrmga Pekinensis
SLENDER OR COLUMNAR TREES.
As screens for special purposes or for land-
scape effects, there is a continual demand for
coluninar trees.
Lombardy and Bolleana Poplar, Populus.
Ginkgo or Maidenhair Tree, Salisburia adianti-
folia or Ginkgo biloba..
Bald Cypress, Taxodium distichum.
Pyramidal English Oak, Quercus Robur fastigi-
ata.
Monumental
mentalis.
Pyramidal Birch, Betula alba fastigiata.
Chinese Cypress, Glyptostrobus Simensis pen-
dula.
GLOBE-HEADED OR STANDARD TREES.
Globe-headed Catalpa, Catalpa Bunge.
Meehan’s Globe Mulberry, Morus alba globosa.
Globe Norway Maple, Acer platanoides globosa.
Standard Japanese Maples, Acer Japonicum and
polymorphum, in variety.
Standard Sand Cherry, Cerasus pumila pendula.
Globe Ash, Fraxinus excelsior globosa.
Elm, Ulmus campestris Monu-
February
1911
Page
DwarF TREES.
Some very choice trees useful on the broad
lawn as well as on the limited property.
Japanese Judas, Cercis Japonica (6 ft.).
Japanese Maples, all varieties (4 to 15 ft.).
Dogwoods, Cornus florida and flore rubro (10
tO) 15 ste)e
Ginnale Maple, Acer Tataricum Ginnale (10 to
Thetieye
Here is sho-va the possibilities in using the American Ash.
It seems to do well in poor soil, which is a good
point to remember.
Globe Norway Maples, Acer platanoides globosa
(6 to 8) ft):
Dwarf Horse Chestnut, Pavid macrostachya (6
to 8 ft.).
In the foregoing notes I have treated the ques-
tions of what trees to plant in certain locations
demanding special selections and also classified
the various kinds of trees in convenient groups
for selection purposes.
These groups will, no doubt, be of great con-
venience to those unacquainted with the char-
acteristics of our large list of ornamental trees,
but in addition will, no doubt, be felt a need for
enlightenment as to the differences between many
of the varieties.
That this article may treat thoroughly all phases
of the question, each individual group will be
analyzed, with a summary of their important
differences, and special notes of interest.
Acer.
Of all trees, the Norway Maple, A. platanoides,
is one of the best known and liked. Of perfect
form, round and compact, rich broad foliage,
seldom diseased, thriving in a variety of positions,
and especially in somewhat heavy soil, it is an
ideal street and lawn tree. Its yellow flowers are
showy.
Schwedler’s Purple Maple is a variety and alike
in all except color of leaves. The Sycamore
Maple is very similar, as is its purple-leaved
variety.
The Sugar Maple, A. saccharinum, pleases
largely through its fall showing of color in the
foliage. It grows more rapidly and makes a
larger specimen than the Norway, and takes more
to well-drained soils.
THE MaApPLeEs.
Where rapid growth is a necessity we call on
the Silver Maple, 4. dasycarpum. It assumes
very large proportions if given room. Brittle
wood is an enemy to longevity.
Wier’s cut-leaved is a graceful variety, with
pendulous branches.
The Red Maple, A. rubrum, is only valued for
colored flowers, and autumn foliage, and for moist
places.
The Tartarian Maples are of dwarf habit, with
numerous small leaves, and very ornamental. Ex-
cellent for screening.
The Pin Oak leads in popularity.
To , beautiful foliage and many other
fine qualities are the cause.
i
Page
February
1911
JAPANESE MAPLES.
Among all dwarf-growing trees, the Japanese
Maples stand as the best. There are beautiful
variations in leaves, with superb colorings, and
finally a graceful style of growth.
The most popular is the rich, blood-red, foliaged
form, A. polymorphum atropurpureum. It de-
velops into a full-rounded specimen, and will, in
course of years, grow 15 feet in height and
A perfect shower of pure white, star-shaped blossoms come
annually on Magnolia Ste/Jata when it is
thriving in a good location.
breadth. The parent of this, with green leaves,
makes one of the prettiest specimens imaginable.
It is a pity the colored one has overshadowed this.
The cut-leaved forms, A. polymorphum dis-
sectum, with green and crimson foliage, are su-
perb for decidedly dwarf effects. Their habit is
low and spreading—specimens usually sweeping
the ground on all sides.
The rich golden foliage of aureum is quite in
contrast with the deep olive-green of Japonicum,
and the former is dwarf, while the latter has
a more upright and vigorous style.
The delicate veining of reticulatum, yellow on
a green ground, is very attractive and showy,
especially in the early season.
The divided leaves of aconitifolium are singular
and attractive, with the same outline as the broad,
undivided leaf of palmatum. The former has
rich crimson coloring in autumn, as also the star-
shaped leaves of ampelopsilobum.
The only narrow-foliaged kind is cristatum,
with crested leaf.
Where a most pleasing effect is desired, none
are more effective than the true variety, poly-
morphum. ‘The feathery foliage, bushy form and
general attractiveness of it is winning many
admirers.
Good effects from this wonderful group of
dwarf trees are secured by grouping a selection
of varieties, effecting showy contrasts in form,
foliage and color.
Tue BircHes. Betula.
Every one admires the silvery white bark of
the European White Birch, B. alba, and the Paper
Birch, papyracea, which is pure white. The latter
is distinct in having broader foliage, and a more
open habit of growth. The Cut-leaved Birch is
a variety of the former. Its graceful pendulous
branches make it one of the handsomest trees in
cultivation.
A pyramidal form of the White Birch, B. alba
fastigiata, is very attractive, but seldom seen.
Along water courses we find the beautiful Red
Birch, B. rubra, displaying its shaggy reddish-
brown bark.
THE OAKS. Quercus.
Twenty years ago there was but little interest
in oaks for ornamental use. To-day they rank
among the very best.
Some look upon it as a slow-growing tree, but
that is not the case. A Red Oak will easily
outstrip a Norway Maple; and a Pin Oak will
make 3 to 4 feet of growth under favorable con-
ditions.
One of the most durable trees, adding beauty
and value with age, the oak may be looked upon
as the finest of all our native trees.
The Pin Oak, Q. palustris, has a particularly
artistic cut, and appeals to many. The real merit
of the tree, however, is found in its adaptability
to a great variety of soils and locations. It is a
fine avenue tree, and moves with greater ease
than most oaks.
With its drooping racemes of pure white flowers,
resembling the Wistaria in form, the Ptero-
styrax is beautiful when in flower.
February
1911
a
Nae
The orange yellow blossoms
of the Tulip Poplar are
well named.
The Scarlet Oak, Q. coccinea, is quite similar
in leaf to the Pin Oak. The former, however,
is a bold, free-growing tree and has much more
color in the fall foliage.
The large leaf of the Red Oak, Q. rubra, and
bold, open growth distinguish it. It is one of
the fastest growing oaks. The Black Oak, Q.
tinctoria, is, however, as rapid in growth, and not
unlike it.
The shaggy bark of the Swamp White Oak, Q.
bicolor, places it beyond confusion with any
others, and for quick growth it does not disap-
point.
A grand oak, and one which should, without
exception, have a position on every estate of any
size, where the owner is planting for future
generations, is the White Oak, Q. alba. Its huge
branches are frequently as large as individual
trees.
At Christmas time, and for a long period after-
ward, the Turkey Oak, Q. cerris, will still have
its rich green foliage. It is one of the best
trees for persistency of leaves. These are small
and slightly lobed, resembling somewhat the Eng-
lish Oak, Q. Robur. The latter is a fine oak,
and when given a favorable position will make
good headway and develop into a large specimen.
Especially good for seacoast.
Page
The Golden Oak, Q.
variety of the English.
The Laurel Oak, Q. imbricaria, has long entire
leaves, very closely resembling the English Laurel.
It is quite distinct from most other oaks, and
the common name is well merited.
The Mossy Cup or Burr Oak, Q. macrocarpa,
has very large acorns, enclosed in a mossy cup,
thus giving the common name.
An unusual and imposing oak is the Japanese
or Daimio Oak, Q. dentata. The branches are
very heavy and the leaves extra large. There
are many other kinds of oaks, such as the Water
or Southern Oak, Q. aquatica, a small round-
headed form; the true Chestnut Oak, Q. Castanea,
with its glossy-green leaves like a chestnut; the
Rock Chestnut Oak, Q. Prinus, with its lobed
leaf and strong vigorous growth, and others too
numerous to mention.
The kinds described will be the ones usually
desired. |
Robur concordia, is a
THe LInbDENS. Tilia.
The busy bee knows that of all the trees the
sweetest flower is the Linden. If you have ever
been near one in flower, you'll agree with the
bee.
The Linden is a rapid growing tree, with very
handsome foliage and smooth, pleasing bark.
Page
February
1911
Wier’s Cut-leaved Maple is popular with many for its graceful
weeping habit and beautiful, finely divided foliage.
The American Linden, T. Americana, is a very
strong, bold growing tree, with large leaves, pro-
ducing good shade. These, however, sometimes
fall rather early.
The English Linden, T. Europea, is more
compact in habit, of slower growth and of prettier
formation.
The Silver-leaved variety, 7. Europea
argentea, is equally compact, and the silver color
on the under side of the leaf. This is very at-
tractive when stirred by the breeze.
T. Europea laciniata rubra has finely cut
foliage, and, during the winter, bright-red twigs.
THe WitiLows. Salix.
The thought of willows brings usually to mind
the common weeping form, S. Babylonica, which
is unquestionably beautiful, particularly when
planted near water.
In direct contrast to this one is the Laurel-
leaved Willow, S. pentandra. The dark-green
foliage of this kind is bright and shining, sur-
passing the English Laurel.
Where distinctive effects in winter are desired,
the Flame-barked Willow, S. vitellina Britzensis,
and the Golden-barked Willow, S. vitellina, will
satisfy.
In early spring every one is drawn to the Pussy
Willow, S. caprea, by its cheerful display of cat-
kins, so commonly termed “pussies.” This bush
tree is highly pleasing for use in rear of shrub
borders. ;
The weeping variety, known as the Kilmarnock
Willow, S. caprea pendula, is like an open um-
brella, and is good for formal work, usually
grafted on stems (5 to 6 ft.).
The Golden Weeping Willow, S. aurea pendula,
is a most beautiful willow, with bright yellow bark.
THE BEECHES. Fagus.
The broad, spreading habit of the beech is one
of its most pleasing characteristics.
The American Beech, F. ferruginea, is known
to almost every one by its ash-gray bark, the
prey to many a small boy’s jack-knife, carrying
such scars forever. A group of American Beech
reaching maturity make a sight worth many
years of waiting.
The English Beech, F. sylvatica, is not as open
in growth as the American, and the leaves are
not so long, and are darker in color. It has the
peculiarity of carrying its dried leaves over until
spring, the buds at that time pushing them off.
A weeping variety, pendula, makes one of the
most singular and interesting lawn specimens,
attaining a great height.
Two sterling varieties of this form are Rivers’
Purple and Copper Beech, F. sylvatica purpurea.
The former is by far more beautiful in color; the
latter is bushier and considered by some of hand-
somer outline. There is also a graceful weeping
purple variety, new and as yet scarce.
The Fern-leaved Beech, F. sylvatica asplenifolia,
is a grand variety for lawn planting, the finely
divided leaves being unusually pleasing, especially
in a well-developed specimen. The leaves of the
Cut-leaved Beech, F. sylvatica heterophylla, are
not so finely cut.
A new variety of the English form, just intro-
duced by Thomas Meehan & Sons, is F. sylvatica
styracifolia, named because of its resemblance in
foliage to the Styrax Japonica, having long, dark-
green entire leaves, quite distinct from the usual
beech leaf.
Tue AsH. Fraxinus.
The ash is a most valuable tree for sidewalk
or lawn planting, and does well in a great variety
of soils, especially in Central and Northern States.
The American White, F. Americana, grows to
a large size, and is distinguished by the light
silvery color on the under side of the leaf. The
Green Ash, F. wiridis, does not grow so large,
and is a more round-headed tree.
The English Ash, F. excelsior, does well in
moist soil and retains its feathery foliage until
very late in the autumn. It is more compact
than the American, and is a beautiful tree.
February Lgl AXf
1911
There are weeping forms, with green and
golden barks grafted on tall stems from which
the branches droop in angular directions, ones
with finely cut foliage, dwarf golden mottled
yellow and green leaves, and many others too
numerous to mention.
The Flowering Ash, F. Ornus, has flowers in
feathery bunches. It makes but a small tree
suitable for lawn or as a background for shrubs.
The Blue Ash, F. quadrangulata, is distin-
guished by its four-angled stems; the Black Ash,
F. sambucifolia, has very broad leaves.
Ulmus.
New England, robbed of her noble elms, would
be in many districts bare of shade trees. This
grand tree is worthy of represextation on every
lawn.
To be sure, it has insect enemies, but so have
others which are frequently not so worthy. Thus
far the Japanese Elm, U. parvifolio, seems to
have escaped all attacks. It is a small lawn tree,
of beautiful proportions, and ranks among the
best of all trees. The small shiny green leaves
would not always be recognized as those of an
elm.
As a rule, we should first speak of the Amer-
ican Elm, U. Americana. For rapid growth, and
in its grand development, it surpasses all other
shade trees in gracefulness. Fine for avenue and
lawn.
The Slippery Elm, U. fulva, is very similar,
but a little more spreading. There is a rare
weeping form, U. Americana pendula, which is
decidedly pendulous.
The Winged or Wahoo Elm, U. alata, has
curious wing-like bark. It does not make a large
tree like the others.
The English Elm, U. campestris, makes a beau-
tiful lawn specimen. The leaves are smaller than
the American and are retained until late in the
autumn. There are many forms of this elm, all
with individual merits.
The Wych Elm, U. montana, develops into a
fine big specimen, not so very much removed in
general appearance from our Slippery Elm.
The well-known dwarf weeping Camperdown
Elm, U. montana pendula, is a variety of the
Scotch Elm. Its branches grow horizontally, like
a huge umbrella.
The Cedar Elm, U. crassifolia, has small shin-
ing green leaves, which are very ornamental.
The Cork or Rock Elm, U. racemosa, is a quick
grower of upright habit. It has corky bark,
THE ELMS.
Page
11
from which it gets the common name of Cork
Elm.
Tue FLoweRING Apples. Pyrus.
It is too bad that such wonderfully attractive
flowering trees as the apples are not better
known.
Take the Bechtel’s Double-flowering Apple, P.
Toensis “Bechtel’s.’ The double pink-white blos-
soms open in May, and when in full bloom the
tree resembles a huge rosebush. The blossoms,
two inches and over in diameter, are also fragrant.
Parkman’s Crab Apple, P. Malus Parkmanni,
has beautiful deep pink buds and when open the
white blossoms hang in clusters of four and five
each.
The Chinese Flowering Apple, P. Malus spec-
tabilis, double white, is also showy.
The large silky flowers of the rare Franklin Trees, Gordonia
pubescens, are pro_uced in the late summer and
all. They are of great beauty.
Our sweet-s‘«uted native crab, P. coronaria,
bears a profusion of light-pink blossoms in May.
THE FLOWERING PEACHES. Amygdalus Persica.
With foliage and wood identical with the fruit-
ing peach, these are noted for the striking beauty
of the double flowers. They are of good size,
abundant and in three colors—white, pink and
crimson.
THE FLOWERING CHERRIES. Cerasus.
From China and Japan we get some beautiful
single and double-flowering cherries, from pure
white to deep red.
The Weeping Cherry, C. rosea pendula, is from
Japan, and distinct from those mentioned above
in its drooping branches. In full flower a well-
Page
12
developed specimen of this plant is beautiful be-
yond description.
The European Bird Cherry, C. Padus, with its
pure white racemes of flowers, makes an attract-
ive show, and the berries which follow are the
delight of birds.
The sed bark of the Wald Red Cherry, C-
Pennsylvanica, is pleasing. It also bears white
flowers, followed by small red berries.
The Wild Choke Cherry, C. Virgimiana, re-
sembles Cerasus Padus, except for being dwarfer
in habit of growth.
THE MAGNOLIAS.
The lover of flowering trees finds in the mag-
nolias full enjoyment. The blossoms are ex-
quisite and of goodly size in most cases.
Of our native kinds in the North, the Sweet
Bay or Jersey Magnolia, M. glauca, is best liked.
The small white blossoms open in June and are
sweetly scented. This, combined with the glossy
ereen foliage, makes a pleasing tree. In the
South it is evergreen. The real Southern Ever-
green Magnolia is M. grandiflora, not hardy north
of Philadelphia.
A most uncommon one is M. Fraseri. The
large canary-yellow flowers are deliciously
scented. They open in May The leaves are
exceedingly large; in growth it is a tree.
The Cucumber Magnolia, M. acuminata, is ex-
cellent for avenue or lawn use, developing into
a fine shade tree.
The same may be said of the Umbrella Mag
nolia, M. tripetala, with its large leaves. It does
not grow so tall, but is more spreading.
For large leaves, M. macrophylla exceeds all.
It is not uncommon to find them 2 to 2% feet
long and 10 inches broad. This is a very uncom-
mon tree and not easy to locate.
Of bush form, the Purple-flowered Magnolia,
M. purpurea, is quite popular. It is not hardy
far north.
From China and Japan we have received treas-
ures among magnolias, the most of which are
more or less common.
The well-known pink and white magnolia, VM.
Soulangiana, is probably the best known. Closely
resembling this are the varieties: Speciosa, Nor-
bertiana, Alexandrina and others. There is a
distinct variety of Svulangiana called nigra, the
blossoms of which are a deep red. Habit of
growth the same as the parent plant.
The pure white sweet-scented Yulan, M. con-
Spicua, is unquestionably the very choicest large
white-flowered magnolia.
There is one other beautiful white one, M.
February
1911
stellata or Halleana, the Star-flowered Magnolia.
It is dwarf and shrub-like and the first to open
in the spring, the flowers frequently being in
such profusion as to almost hide the branches.
In M. Lennei we have a superb variety, with
large cup-form blossoms, rosy-pink to red on
the outside, almost white inside. Excellent
foliage.
THE Horst CHESTNUTS AND BUCKEYES. 4sculus
and Pavia. .
These are especially good in heavy soil where
many will not thrive. They are satisfactory street
trees in the Middle and Northern States.
The American Buckeye, 4. glabra, is well
known as a quick grower and attains a good size
in favorable locations, but is generally smaller
and bushier than others.
The European, 4. Hippocastanum, bears fine
panicles of white flowers to be had in single and
double form. It attains very large proportions.
One of the showiest of all is the Red-flowered
Horse Chestnut, 4. rubicunda. The flowers are
of a good rich red, tinged with yellow.
There is a yellowish cast to the otherwise white
blossoms of 4. Lyoni, known to some as Pavia
Lyoni.
The Yellow Buckeye, P. flava, bears light yellow
flowers in profusion, but does not gain the height
of the horse chestnuts, 30 to 4o feet being an
average.
The Red-flowered Buckeye, P. rubra, is vari-
able, reaching in some situations 15 to 20 feet,
in others being only a shrub. The flowers, too,
vary from light yellow to dark red. All the
Pavias are bushy and less tree-like than the true
Ai sculus.
THE CATALPA.
Considerable interest has been awakened in the
Catalpa in connection with its great value as a
forestry tree. This refers, however, to the west-
ern Catalpa, C. speciosa, and not to the catalpa
so commonly found along the Atlantic coast, C.
bignonioides. This latter species is more spread-
ing and not regular, as in the case of C. speciosa.
There is a golden variety of the bignonioides
called aurea, which has a shade of yellow laid
over the green.
The Japanese Catalpa, C. Kaempferi, is but
slightly _ different.
Speciosa may be looked upon as the best for
shade or lawn ornamentation, and is decidedly
beautiful in June, with its large panicles of white
flowers.
CONTINUED ON PAGE 380
February
1911
Page
13
Old-Fashioned Hardy Perennials for
HE Old-fashioned Hardy Perennials
are a group of plants which once
planted are a permanent feature in
the garden. They form the back-
bone or framework of most flower
gardens, and are very essential, whether for elab-
orate gardens or but a simple border. Having
them it is possible to do without annuals, bulbs,
half-hardy plants and other flowers commonly met
with, but with the latter without incessant atten-
tion and successive replanting the garden de-
teriorates. The perennials are like invested cap-
ital, which gives annual returns whether we labor
or not.
The only places in which they are not usually
suitable is in formal beds on lawns, where set
designs in color are wanted, and which can only
be produced with Coleus, Geraniums and other
summer-bedding plants.
The accompanying plan will give an idea of
what is meant by the formal old-fashioned
garden.
The plan illustration is a very simple one, and
Te
G arden and B order
ERNEST HEMMING
it will be readily understood that of such there is
no limit to size or elaborateness. These may be
planned to include tea houses, garden seats, sun-
dials and other accessories and features, accord-
ing to requirement.
It is always best to employ the services of a
professional landscape gardener to prepare special
plans, unless one is well-equipped with time and
money, for after all professionally made plans are
usually a saving in the end.
Simple gardens that are planned and planted by
the owner, or which, like Topsy, “just growed,”
are a constant source of interest and pleasure,
and it is to the owner of such these notes are
directed, to enable them to make their own
selections.
Hedges for surrounding the gardens, edgings
for the walks or beds, formal trees and ever-
greens, are treated separately.
Formal gardens may be made in areas 50 feet
square and upward, but where the property is not
large enough to accommodate one a border makes
a delightful arrangement. The latter is a feature
that may be adapted to almost any plot of
ground however small. Borders may be
made as small as 12 to I8 inches in width,
and be merely a straight line, or 10 feet
deep or more, with long, sweeping curves.
Very deep borders should have shrubs
planted in the background to relieve the
flatness, or something bold and heavy in
those positions where the border is very
deep.
Plan illustration No. 2 will give an idea
of the manner in which the plants should
be arranged.
Several plants set in a group give a mass
effect that cannot be obtained with single
plants.
If economy is a consideration, and it is
not important to have the perennials fill up
the beds the first year, fewer plants may be
used and the vacant spaces filled with
annuals. The perennials will increase in a
year or so and completely fill up the beds.
Some kinds are so much stronger-growing
than others it is necessary to reduce the
sizes of the clumps occasionally to keep
them within bounds, while others will re-
quire every encouragement to help them
hold their own.
Page
February
1911
When planting or making a selection of plants
for a hardy garden, especially when not familiar
with the names of the plants, the principal thing
a person wants to know is when they bloom, what
color they. are, and to what height they grow.
Spring-flowering Group
After the long winter the first flowers of spring
always give a thrill of pleasure, however modest
and insignificant they may be.
Next to the bulbous plants, such as Crocus,
Snowdrops, Daffodils and Tulips, the Hardy Per-
ennials come out in quick succession, so that in a
good collection there is not a day but there is
something new and interesting.
They flower so early no time should be lost in
planting, or they will be in bloom before the
spring planting is done.
None of the early spring-flowering herbaceous
plants are very tall. It might be said that they
do not have time to grow before they flower, so
should be usually placed well to the front of bed
or border when planted in combination with sum-
mer- and fall-blooming plants.
Some, however, are taller and more robust
growing than others, and to assist in arranging
them they are separated into groups.
Low-growing plants to be kept m the fore-
ground—
English Daisy,
Lily-of-the-Valley, Dwarf Iris,
Sweet William, Mountain Pink,
Garden or Scotch Pink, Globe Flower,
Geum, Violet.
Perennial Candytuft,
Taller and more robust plants for central posi-
tions—
Columbine, German Iris,
Astilbe, Lupine,
Bleeding Heart, Lychnis,
Foxglove, Peony,
Native Geranium, Oriental Poppy,
Day Lily, Spireas.
Rocket,
Summer-flowering Group
When we come to the summer-flowering group
there are so many it is difficult to make a selection
SS oF
is this the case when such a bed occupies the entire width of the rear of a
property which at the same time adjoins the front lawn.
7
fh :
iy
VA u
e
Many charming combinations are secured in the planting of a bed of this form. Particularly .
=
of the best. A collection of the different kinds
of Phlox alone make a very fine showing.
Of some kinds there are both low and tall-
growing species, but the following will show the
usual gradation:
Low-growing plants to be kept in the fore-
ground—
Betony, Day Lily,
Bellflower, Lavender,
Gas Plant, lax
Funkia, Stokesia,
Gaillardia, Lychnis.
Stronger-growing plants for more central posi-
tions—
Achillea, Sneezewort,
Amsonia, Tris,
Chamomile, Bergamot,
Baptisia, Young’s Evening Prim-
Blackberry Lily, rose,
Centaurea, Phlox,
Snakeroot, Salvia,
Clematis recta, Thermopsis,
Coreopsis, Tritoma,
Delphinium, Veronica,
Cornflower, Sea Holly.
Gypsophylla,
Taller-growing plants for the background—
Plume Poppy, Loosestrife,
Heliopsis, Polygonum,
Meehans’ Mallow Mar- Thalictrum,
vel, Golden Glow.
Hollyhock.
Fall-flowering Group
Plants in the fall-flowering group are all more
or less tall-growing and consist of such kinds
as Michaelmas Daisy, Starwort, Eupatorium, Sun-
flowers, Golden Rod and Vernonia, so should in-
variably be placed where tall plants are needed.
The Chrysanthemum and Japanese Anemone,
while fairly tall and robust plants, should be kept
well to the front, as they dominate the garden
at that time of year, little else being in bloom.
Descriptive List
Many of our readers already have gardens or
borders established and perhaps only wish to add
to their collection a few new varieties or a few
February
TOUT
their
plants to give them a trial and make
acquaintance.
A dry list of botanical names is all right for
the expert, but to the average flower lover and
gardener conveys little meaning. For this rea-
son the following is a much abridged list, merely
mentioning the most noteworthy, and treats them
rather in groups than individual varieties, special
note being made of those kinds which have the
longest season of bloom:
&
The beautiful, delicate bell flowers of Campanula
persicifolia—violet blue in color.
ANEMONE—WINDFLOWER.
The Japanese Anemones are good for cutting,
but do not do well in every location. They are
always worth a trial. A. Japonica alba is white,
rosea pink, rubra red, Whirlwind semi-double
white, and Queen Charlotte a beautiful semi-
double La France pink. Give them partial shade.
AQUILEGIA—COLU MBINE.
There is a great variety of form and color in
Columbines, and all are good. The most robust
and reliable are the varieties of A. vulgaris, many
of which are double. Three dwarf kinds are
A. flabellata nana alba, a lovely white; A. Cana-
Page
15
densis, scarlet, and A. (the best for dry soils)
nana plenissima, dark blue. A. chrysantha is a
tall-growing, yellow kind, with loose, airy effect.
Then there are the beautiful Erskine Park
Hybrids and others. The Rocky Mountain Colum-
bine, so popular, is the poorest and most unre-
liable grower of all in the Eastern States.
ASTER—MICHAELMAS DAISy.
The Michaelmas Daisies are perennial—not the
large-flowering annual China Asters.
Although American, their splendid qualities are
esteemed in Europe more than they are here.
The showiest and best are:
A. Nova-Anglie—purple, with rose and white
varieties.
A. Novi-Belgti—numerous varieties in white
lavender and shades of blue and purple.
CAMPANULA—BELLFLOWER.
Among the showiest and best for flower cut-
ting in the garden—so very lasting.
The Canterbury Bells, C. Media, are in blue,
white and pink, and both single and cup-and-
saucer form. The latter goes under the name
of Calycanthema.
Other good kinds are C. glomerata, with the
flowers bunched at the top of the stem, and C.
persicifolia, blue and white, large flowering, with
fine, long stems.
The Platycodons are the Japanese Bellflowers.
Extremely good for cutting and they flower nearly
all summer long.
CENTAUREA—PERENNIAL CORNFLOWER.
The perennial Cornflower most resembling the
well-known annual is C. montana. It is some-
what lower-growing, but has larger flowers in
dark-blue and rose colors, and is a constant
bloomer.
Unlike the well-known Corn Flower, this beautiful strong-grow-
ing variety reaches 4 to 5 feet and makes a show with its
rich yellow blossoms. It is Centaurea macrocehhala.
Page
16
Quite distinct from all other perennials. This is Echinofs the
Globe Thistle. The ball-shaped flowers are
a bright steel blue.
C. macrocephala is a bold-growing kind, with
huge globular heads of yellow flowers—very hand-
some.
C. ruthenica is a pretty mixture of pink and
white.
CHRYSANTHEMUM.
(See elaborated notes in November BULLETIN.)
CoREOPSIS— TICKSEED.
If there is one plant above all others that you
can “cut and come again” it is C. grandiflora. It
has a very lengthy season of flowering, and the
bright, golden yellow flowers have splendid decor-
ative value. C. senifolia is distinct and attractive.
DELPHINIUM—LARKSPUR.
Who does not want in his garden some of
those exquisite blue spikes of the Perennial Lark-
spur? The trouble is we see them and read
about them in England 6 to 8 feet high, and
are then disappointed with anything less. The
largest spikes come in spring and early summer,
but secondary spikes of blooms are produced at
intervals through the summer, giving a long
blooming period. The fault is not in the plants,
but in the climate and in not being acquainted
with them well enough to know just what they
want. The tall kinds are D. elatum, but they are
much hybridized. Beautiful strains are English
hybrids, Erskine Park Hybrids, Gold Medal
Hybrids, etc.
D. Chinense is the Chinese Larkspur and has a
loose, spreading habit,
flowers.
D. formosum—beautiful
indigo blues, also
with blue and white
February
1911
somewhat spreading, not so tall and “spikey” as
the English kinds. ;
DIANTHUS—PINK.
Among the Dianthus are included the Sweet
William, D. barbatus, which has a great range of
color, and the lovely garden pink, D. plumarius,
with its delicious, clove-scented fragrance.
Some good varieties are Her Majesty, Per-
petual Snow, and Mrs. Sinkins, white; Lord
Lyons, deep pink; Variabilis, white with maroon
marks.
DictTAMNUS—GAS_ PLANT.
A rather uncommon and interesting plant.
There is both a red and white variety. Rather
slow-growing, but very desirable.
DIGITALIS—FOXGLOVE.
An old-fashioned garden would not be com-
plete without the insistent spikes of the Fox-
glove. The purple is the best known. Then
there is a white one and a good yellow, D. grandi-
flora.
D. lanata is very distinct and curious, having
dense spikes of flowers gray and white and a
longer period of bloom than the others.
EUPATORIUM.
E. ageratoides. Produces large quantities of
white bloom, good for cutting. It does not begin
to flower until late, but when it does the supply
for cutting is continuous.
E. celestinum is blue, very beautiful, but not
so hardy as above.
Stokesia cyanea or Stokes’ Aster reminds one something of a
Chinese Aster. The blue of the flower is very attractive.
In autumn, when the garden begins to show signs of winter, the bright blossoms of
the Anemone renew the floral display.
E. purpureum is a handsome, bold-looking plant
of large proportions, 6 ta g feet, fleshy purple
flowers.
FUNKIA—PLANTAIN LILY.
It is the foliage, rather than the flowers, that
make the Plantain Lily so desirable, although
the flowers, too, are very showy, especially those
of F. subcordata grandiflora. This has large,
white, waxen fragrant flowers—sometimes known
as the August Lily.
All the Funkias are somewhat partial to shaded
places, so are extremely valuable on that account,
as growing where many will not.
GAILLARDIA—BLANKET FLOWER.
A grand plant for a somewhat dry, sunny
position. Crimson, yellow and brown are the pre-
vailing colors beautifully blended in each daisy-
like flower. Has rather a low-spreading habit
and blooms nearly all summer long.
GyPsoPHILA—BAbBy’s BREATH.
Dainty, light, feathery sprays of flowers that
are a joy to the decorator, both when fresh cut
and when dried.
G. paniculata is quite mist-like. G. Bokejeka is
a little coarser. Dwarf kinds are G. cerastioides
and G. repens.
HELENIUM—SNEEZEWORT.
For mass effects there is nothing to beat the
Helenium. HA. autumnale superbum is yellow.
H. var. superbum rubrum, a reddish-brown. Other
good kinds are H. Bigelowii, Riverton Gem and
Riverton Beauty.
The early spring-flowering one, H. Hoopesii,
is quite distinct from any of the above. It is
not suitable for mass effects, but splendid for
cutting. The orange-colored, daisy-like flowers
are very rich.
HELIANTHUS—SUNFLOWER.
Every one knows the Perennial Sunflower.
They are nearly all strong-growing and tall.
The one with large, double, dahlia-like flowers
is H. multiflorus plenus, with variety Soleil d’Or
and others. Mazimilliana is good and so is
orgyalis, but plant them where there is lots of
room to spread or where very tall plants are
wanted.
HEMEROCALLIS—Day LILIES.
All flowers of the lily type are desirable. The
Hemerocallis especially so, because they are so
Page °
February
1911
Ss
Foxgloves—the real, old-fashioned flowers of our grandmother's
garden. They will always be popular.
adaptable and hardy. The yellow and orange
colors suit the most fastidious. By planting the
different kinds, a very long season of bloom can
be secured. H. flava, the Lemon Lily, is the great
favorite. H. Thunbergii is equally good and is
later.
Hisiscus—MereHANS’ MAttow MarvELs.
A specialist on hardy perennials, with a large
business of his own, when he first saw the Mal-
lows in our nursery, said: “If it had been my
fortune to produce these Mallows I should feel
quite satisfied with my life’s work.” He meant
it, too.
Give them an open position, where the ground
is deep, rich and moist, and plenty of room, as
they make large bush-like plants, 5 to 6 feet high,
and as many feet through when well-grown. They
make nice centerpieces in a garden.
The colors are crimson, red, shades of pink and
white.
HOLLY HOCK.
These are so well known as to need no re-
marks. They thrive best in rather sandy, deep,
well-drained soil.
Tris—FLEuR DE Lis.
There are so many different species and varie-
ties of Iris that they are a garden in themselves.
The main groups are:
Iris Germanica (Garden Flags) which are to be
seen in almost every garden. The range of color
is very great, all shades and mixtures of pur-
ples, blues, lavenders, yellows, browns and white.
Rather indispensable for soil rather light and
poor.
Iris pumila (Dwarf Iris). Having the same
range of color and general appearance as above,
but a little earlier and but from % to 1 foot.
Iris levigata (Japanese Iris). Flower much
later than the above. At their best in July.
The colors are white, all shades of purple, blue
and pink, with veinings and markings peculiar to
themselves. All have a bright yellow flame of
color at the base, making a beautiful contrast,
especially in the dark-purple self. The petals are
at least twice as large as other Iris. They are
imported from Japan under names that are un-
writable and unpronounceable by the occidenta]—
sO many are sent out under number.
LOBELIA.
L. cardinalis is such an intense red color there
is nothing quite like it. Give it a moist position
if possible. L. syphilitica is blue, but not so
showy as above.
LYcHNIS.
This genius includes such old friends as the
Mullein Pink, Ragged Robbin, Maltese Cross,
Scarlet Lightning, Flower of Jove and others.
All good, showy things and very reliable.
One of the best flowers for a ground carpet is the Mountain Pink
or Moss Pink—Ph/ox subuJata in variety.
February
1911
Page
MoNARDA—BERGA MOT.
The peculiar fragrance of the root, leaves and
flowers, to say nothing of the attractiveness of
the flowers, warrant it a place in every garden.
M. didyma splendens is especially fine, being
brilliant scarlet.
M. fistulosa—pinkish purple and a white variety.
M. mollis is a pleasing soft pink.
All grow about 2 to 2% feet high and are rapid-
spreading.
CENOTHERA—EVENING PRIMROSE.
The Evening Primroses seem to know the time
of day one is most likely to take a stroll in the
garden, and are best at that time. Their yellow
flowers seem to have a phosphorescent gleam in
the twilight.
CE. Missouriensis has very large flowers and is
very low-growing, and has a very long season of
bloom.
C. Youngii is about 2 feet high and flowers
profusely.
CE. speciosa is white, in height intermediate of
the two.
PAEONIES.
There are four groups of Pzonies in general
cultivation.
P. Moutan, or Tree Paeony. The name is a
little misleading, as it is rare that they reach 5
or 6 feet. They are a true bush, however, hav-
ing woody stems that do not die down in winter
like the others.
When well-grown they are extremely beautiful,
but somewhat difficult to grow, and not so adapt-
able as compared with the herbaceous kinds.
It is the satiny texture of the flowers, com-
bined with the delicate shades of color, that
make them so enchanting.
Peomia tenuifolia, or Fennel-leaved Peony.
A charming kind that has very finely cut foliage
and dark crimson flowers. There is both a
double and single form. The earliest of all
Pzonies and one which every one likes as soon
as they see it. The tops die down during the
hot summer months.
P. officinalis. The double form of this is the
real old-fashioned Crimson Pzony that blooms
early. There is also a pink and a nearly white
one.
The main group of Peonies is the Chinese
group, or P. Sinensis. There are thousands of
varieties—single, anemone-flowered, semi- and
full-double, in every conceivable shade of pink,
red and white. Some almost approach a yellow
in cream and straw shades. Progressive nursery-
men do not keep poor varieties, and it is safe
7%,
a
S
rf
se
ww
a
hen
Do you know this beautiful and graceful flower? It is Veronica
virginica and worthy of a place in every hardy garden.
to leave the actual selection to him, simply nam-
ing color preference.
Pzonies like deep, rich soil and good, open
positions. Plant in the fall for best results, and
do not plant too deep; crowns about 2 inches
under the surface of the soil is all right.
PAPAVER—POPPY.
The annual Poppies are perhaps the best known,
but while they are very fine they will not take
the place of the perennial Oriental Poppy, with
its flaring red flower.
In most situations the plants grow in early
spring and flower in May and June, then the
tops die off, but put in their appearance again
in the fall.
PENTSTEMON.
The Pentstemons are particularly good for
sunny places during the hot, dry spells. When
all vegetation seems to be drying up the Pent-
stemons look quite happy.
P. barbatus, also known as Chelone barbatus, is
very attractive, having long spikes of coral! red
bells, and in other shades of color. The spikes
are a little sprawling, but otherwise good.
P. Digitalis is strong-growing, upright and com-
pact. One to 3 fect high. White in color.
Other desirable scrts are P. diffusus and P.
pubescens.
Page
20
February
1911
Fortunate is the perennial enthusiast who has a moist position
where he may have Japanese Iris. The largest
of the Iris come from this species. ;
GARDEN PHLo¥,
Phlox are a garden unto themselves. There
is nothing quite equal to them in all-round good
qualities.
Formerly they consisted of white and a few
dull shades of pink and purple, but not so now.
There are varieties of the most vivid crimson,
the clearest and softest shades of pink, clear
mauves and purples and snowy whites.
The colors are apt to deteriorate in old plants.
The secret of success is keep your plants young.
The following are some of the best out of the
hundreds in cultivation:
Aurora Borealis—Orange red, purple center.
Carran d’Ache—Rosy carmine.
Champs Elysees—Rich purple crimson.
Coquelicot—Fine pure scarlet, with deep car-
mine eye.
Eugene Danzanvilliers—Lilac, shading white.
One of the most distinct. Very pleasing.
Gen. Chanzy—Salmon scarlet.
Independence—Large pure white.
La Vague—Beautiful combination of rosy-pink
and lavender.
L’Esperance—Bright lilac, beautifully shaded.
L’Evenement—Salmon pink.
Lord Raleigh—Dark rich violet.
Lothair—Brilliant salmon, cardinal eye.
Mad. P. Langier—Bright red, vermilion center.
Moliere—Salmon, tinted rose.
Prof. Schlieman—Bright lilac rose.
Princess Louise—White, small pink eye.
Queen—Beautiful pure white.
Richard Wallace—White, crimson center.
Terre Neuve—Lilac, crimson center.
Wm. Robinson—Tall salmon-pink. Very bright.
PHYSOSTEGIA.
Good, tall plants bearing spikes of lavender
flowers. The most interesting is P. Vuirginica,
Obedient Plant. The individual flowers will stay
where they are pushed, either to the right or the
left. There is also a white variety.
PYRETHRUM.
P. uliginosum is like the wild ox-eye daisy, but
much taller. Very good for cutting in July and
August.
It is a pity that the charming double varie-
ties of P. roseum are not more adaptable to the
American gardens. They are such a feature in
the European ones.
Sometimes they may be seen here doing excel-
lently, so they are certainly worth trying. They
do not like a hot, dry place.
RUDBECKIAS.
The popular “Golden Glow” is the best known
of the Rudbeckias, but it does not give a very
good idea of what the others are like.
Very few know this flower though it is decidedly pretty. It is
Thermopsis Caroliniana, and the pea-shape
blossoms are a golden yellow.
February
1911
The Black-eyed Susans, R. fulgida, R. New-
manni, R. subtomentosa and the Coneflowers are
more representative, and quite unlike Golden
Glows in being dwarf. They have rich orange-
yellow flowers, with dark cone-like centers.
R. Maxima is uncommon and distinct, sending
up flower stems 5 feet high and having rich,
glaucous-green foliage.
Echinacea purpurea is known as the purple
Coneflower. Has remarkable lasting qualities.
SALVIA—SAGE.
The Scarlet Sage is a representative of the
Sage family, but is not hardy. Good kinds that
will winter are:
S. argentea. A remarkable plant with leaves
covered by silvery hair and with white flowers.
It is very attractive and handsome.
The flowers of the common Sage, used for
flavoring, warrant it a place in the flower garden,
where it will always be convenient when the cook
wants a few leaves.
Other hardy kinds are S. nutans, with nodding
blue flowers, and S. azsurea grandiflora, a beau-
tiful azure blue. They are rather sprawling, but
worth growing on account of the color of the
flowers.
SOLIDAGO—GOLDEN Ron.
These are so common that they are often less
planted in the garden than they should be. We
grow lots of poorer things just because they are
not native.
The best are S. sempervirens, with broad green
leaves; S. Canadensis, tall and plumy; S. seno-
tina, S. lanceolata and S. nemoralis, late.
SPIRAEAS.
All the Spirgzeas are good for cutting—so much
so that a number of them are used for forcing
in the greenhouse.
All like an abundant supply of water, so should
be given a moist position. The pink varieties are
delicately colored.
THERMOPSIS.
T. Caroliniana stands quite alone in its distinct-
ness. The tall compact spikes of yellow flowers
are unusual, though much like the Larkspur. It
is very hardy, robust and of an ornamental habit—
not perhaps so old-fashioned as many of the pre-
ceding, but none the less worthy of a place in
every hardy garden.
TRADESCANTIA—SPIDERWORT.
Very interesting and pretty plants for partially
shaded places. Had in blue, white and purple.
TROLLIUS—GLOBE FLOWER.
The Trollius, or Globe Flower, is certainly rich.
They resemble somewhat large buttercups, but one
Page
21
A golden yellow, double Buttercup with rich, glossy green
foliage, known botanically as Ranunculus acris #1. $/.
It loves a moist situation and isa rampant grower.
must see them growing in the English gardens
to really appreciate them. Give them a position
where the ground is rich, deep, moist and cool.
VERONICA—SPEEDWELL.
The largest and handsomest of the Veronicas is
V. longifolia subsessilis, whose fine blue spikes
reach the height of 2 feet. V. Virginica is the
tallest white kind. Other kinds are perhaps best
adapted for rock gardens and as cover plants.
VIOLA—VIOLET.
Such modest plants can hardly be recom-
mended for the hardy flower garden; they are
not showy enough. It is better to plant them
by themselves in border, bed, or frame, to give
a supply of their fragrant blossoms. The old-
fashioned, hardy kinds are perhaps not so large
as those grown in the greenhouses, but they are
a great deal more fragrant.
Catalogues may be referred to for complete
details of height, color and time of flower, and
ail the numerous varieties.
Up-to-date nurseries will always have many
good things too numerous to catalogue independ-
ently, and the garden lover will find it desir-
able to occasionally get a trial collection of little
known things.
WILL YOU HELP?
You will see by going through this number of
the ‘‘Garden Bulletin,’’ that it is sure to benefit the
garden owner. Do you know of persons who will
be interested in seeing a copy? If you do we would
appreciate their names and addresses.
Page
22
The foliage, flowers and fruit of the Shellbark Hickory—
Cary alba.
Nut Trees
STANLEY V. WILCOox.
yw HAT tree could one plant that
f= would return pleasure and
“ profit in so great a measure
as some variety of hardy
nut? In nearly every nut
tree there is a symmetrical habit of growth,
beauty for park or lawn ornamentation, a harvest
of delicious nuts and timber unsurpassed for
many purposes.
The encroachings of cities, of lumbermen’s in-
roads, of insect pests and fungous attacks are
causing a steady decline, which can only be over-
come by a liberal replanting.
Let us briefly consider some of the most adapt-
able and desirable kinds, confining ourselves
chiefly to those with quite a range.
THE CHESTNUT.
There is material for a volume in itself on
this interesting tree, and our enthusiasm must be
curbed to condense all we should like to say into
a small space.
Let us consider the Chestnut in this order:
February
I911
Castanea Americana, the Sweet American
Chestnut.
Castanea Japonica, the Japanese Chestnut.
Castanea pumila, American Chinquapin.
Castanea vesca, Spanish Chestnut and its va-
rieties—Paragon, etc.
American Chestnut—No other tree, we fancy,
is more familiar, no other nut more largely
sought than the Sweet American Chestnut.
Other varieties produce larger, more meaty nuts,
but there has yet to be produced a nut of this
size so sweet.
Individual specimens of this favorite attain
magnificent proportions, spreading and ma-
jestic. In plantations or groves they are slender,
upright trees, with straight trunks of great
height.
The destructive fungus has discouraged large
plantings, and until a positive remedy is discov-
ered attention of planters had best be turned to
the Japanese and Spanish varieties, which have
thus far proven almost immune.
The Chinquapin.—This variety should be more
largely planted. The nuts, though small, are very
sweet and palatable; and the dwarf, shrubby
habit of growth is ornamental and an effective
screen.
As with all Chestnuts a well-drained soil and
sunny exposure is most suitable.
The Japanese Chestnut—To those who slight
nut trees on account of the years one must wait,
sometimes, before they commence bearing, the
Japanese Chestnut will commend itself. The
smallest trees hold up proudly their large burrs
containing large, glossy nuts at a very tender age.
The nuts are larger than the Americans and,
although not as sweet, are decidedly good—best
when cooked.
The bushes never attain a height of more than
eight to twelve feet, and are useful, therefore,
as a shrub in ornamental plantings. The leaf is
bright and glossy, and adds greatly to the at-
tractiveness.
The Spanish Chestnut—This Chestnut pro-
duces a large nut which, however, is encased in
a skin which uncooked is bitter. The tree is a
sturdy grower and not so hardy as our native
kind. Like the Japanese, it is free from disease.
It is variable, and many good kinds have been
selected and named. Of these, the Paragon is the
best known and most deserving.
Mostly propagated by grafting, these varieties
are known as “Grafted Chestnuts.”
February
1911
The nuts of the Paragon are more edible in a
raw state than the Spanish, and are of large size.
This variety is to be highly recommended for
orchard planting. Small trees will bear three or
four years from the graft, and a six- or seven-
year-old tree can be looked upon for a fair crop
annually.
Although used as individuals, they are at their
best planted in orchards or groves. The culti-
vation received when so planted is of great
benefit.
Numbo, Ridgely and the Sorber are other va-
rieties of merit.
Chestnuts are transplanted with some difficulty,
and it is a wise plan to order extra plants to fill
in possible failures.
THE HAZELS.
The Filbert, Hazel, or Cob Nut are all names
given to the nuts of Corylus Americana and
Corylus avellana. The nuts are most useful, in-
deed, for the table, and are grown abroad in
large quantities. ©
The American Hazel (Corylus Americana) is
a useful tail shrub for many purposes. This
species is useful for thicket plantings, does well
The Big Shagbark Hickory which develops into a specimen of
greater proportions than the a/éa. This is Carya sulcata.
Page
Could one wish for a more attractive specimen tree. This is the
usual form of the Spanish Chestnut, Castanea vesca.
in partial shade, and will succeed in any well-
drained soil. The leaves are broad and rugged,
and the shrub is, on the whole, beautiful all the
year round.
The nuts, which are brown, small and roundish,
ripen in September, and should be gathered as
soon as the edge of the husks start to turn color.
Of the European form there are many im-
proved kinds, such as Cosford’s Thin Shell and
Garibaldi, a very large nut. There are also many
types used in ornamental plantings exclusively.
Two of the best known are the Cut-leaved and
the Purple-leaved varieties.
Tue HIckorvy.
Like the Chestnut, the Hickory needs little or
no introduction, except to explain certain varie-
ties. It is popular for the same reason that makes
most things popular—i. e., “It is a good servant.”
There are many varieties, mostly all quite com-
mendable trees. The best are:
Carya alba, Shellbark.
Carya amara, Bitternut.
Carya microcarpa, Small-fruited Hickory.
Carya porcina, Pignut.
Carya sulcata, Big Shag-bark Hickory.
Carya tomentosa, White Hickory, Mockernut.
Carya oliveformtis, the Pecan, differs so much
in its requirements of climate it is treated more
superficially than it deserves.
The Shellbark, or Shag-bark, bears a _ nut
which for goodness is hard to excel.
Hickories are hard to transplant and difficult
to graft or bud. For this reason but little im-
provement has been made in the nuts as yet.
Hales’ Paper Shell, a variety with a comparatively
thin shell and full of meat, is one of the best
improvements.
Page
24
Taken all in all, the Shellbark is a very orna-
mental tree at all times of the year. The broad,
compound leaves, the pendulous blossoms, the
large angular hulls, which enclose the sharp
pointed white nuts, the shaggy bark and large
buds make it an interesting study.
The Bitternut and Pignut bear nuts that are
decidedly “puckery.” But for their ornamental
qualities and value for forestry purposes they
would have no mention.
The Mockernut is another splendid park tree.
It attains a large size and is very long-lived. In
comparison with others it is of rather slow
growth.
A characteristic of this variety, and, in fact,
of Hickories in general, is that they will succeed
in poor soil and cold climates. They like to be
near water courses.
The Kingnut, or Big Shag-bark Hickory, is
another splendid tree for general planting.
As all the Hickories are rather difficult to
transplant, on account of the long tap roots, it
is best to start with medium-sized trees and cut
them back severely when planting. It is almost
an essential that nursery-grown trees be secured
if one would succeed with them.
The Pecan is, without doubt, the best of our
native nuts. It is receiving marked attention by
southern planters at present, and may be had in
improved varieties.
In the Northern States only the hardiest kinds
will succeed, and none of them will do much
farther north than Connecticut.
Fifty feet apart is not too much to allow
Hickories. As a single specimen it is much ad-
mired.
THE WALNUT.
The most important Walnuts are:
Juglans cinerea, The Butternut.
Juglans nigra, American Black Walnut.
Juglans regia, English or Persian Walnut.
Juglans Sieboldiana, Japanese Walnut.
The American Black Walnut has a high flavor
peculiarly distinctive, and should be cultivated
more. It attains a very large size, and should
be planted well apart to give lots of spread to
the roots.
As a timber tree the Black Walnut is hard to
equal and of increasing value.
The Butternut is also a highly flavored nut,
and a favorite. Both it and the Black Walnut
thrive best in deep, moist soil.
The English Walnut has long been noted as a
desirable tree. It was introduced by the early
February
1911
settlers, but seems never to have become very
common here, due very likely to unsuitable con-
ditions. In Pennsylvania trees raised from hardy
types will do splendidly on well-drained hillsides.
Philadelphia has had trees bearing bushels of
nuts.
The Juglans Sieboldiana has proven perfectly
hardy, and is deserving of a place in our hardy
tree plantings. A peculiarity of the nuts is that
they are borne in large clusters.
THe ALMOND.
The Almond is one of the oldest nuts in culti-
vation, but for our Northern States it is of little
or no use. As hardy as the Peach, it was thought
at different times that it could be cultivated in
our eastern peach-growing sections. These at-
tempts have not been successful, due largely to
the disastrous early frosts. It could be used in
many positions, however, for a specimen tree.
Here and there one is occasionally seen, and
sometimes these trees bear regularly and pro-
fusely.
THE BEECH.
Every one is more or less familiar with the
gray-barked American Beech. While mostly con-
sidered as an ornamental tree, its nuts, though
small, are sweet and rich.
The English variety is a favorite also. Its
uses are legion—a nut bearer, a forest tree yield-
ing timber suitable for fuel, and for manufac-
turing; as an ornamental shade tree, it has many
varieties, such as the Weeping type, the Purple-
leaved and the Fern-leaved kinds.
So many of our nuts have possibilities as or-
namental trees, they should certainly receive more
consideration as such. For specimen plantings
in parks, cemeteries, private estates, etc., they
should supersede many trees now used for such
purposes.
Tax on Christmas Trees
In view of the article in the December GARDEN
BULLETIN, the following newspaper notice will be
interesting and seem to contradict some of the
previous statements:
“To conserve the forests of the Green Moun-
tain State a bill which is expected to pass is in
the legislature. It places a tax of twenty-five
cents on every Christmas tree shipped out of the
state. Should the bill pass, the Vermont -Christ-
mas tree will disappear from the markets of Bos-
ton and New York.
“The legislature already has placed a tax of
five cents on Christmas trees.”
February
1911
The flowers of the Wild Bird Cherry, Cerasus Padus, and also the rich, glossy black berries which follow
are the choicest of dessert to a wide range of songsters.
Fruit-bearing Plants to Attract Birds
HarrRY BROWN
As a fitting introduction to these notes let me
quote the following from a recent book:
“If the bird-lover’s door-yard is so small as to
hold only one tree, no other one will attract so
many feathered visitors as the Russian Mulberry.
Robins, catbirds, tanagers, grosbeaks, wax-wings,
orioles and thrushes are not by any means the
only appreciative visitors with the poor sense to
prefer the insipid, sweet fruit to the very best
berry God ever made. Scientific farmers are now
systematically planting Mulberry trees (Morus
tatarica), June Berries (Amelanchier) and Choke
Cherries (Cerasus Virginiana) as counter at-
tractions to their strawberry beds, whose fruit
ripens at the same time. Especially myriads of
flies, ants, wasps and other insects that come to
sip the syrup of over-ripe mulberries draw in-
sectivorous birds, as well as more dainty
feasters.”—Blanchan.
There are many ways in which plants are bene-
ficial to man, but one of the most important and
most neglected ways is by giving food to song
and insectivorous birds, serving to keep these de-
sirable birds longer about the premises.
In the following list will be found a variety of
plants of which the seeds are food for various
birds. The migrating birds will not be held out of
their usual summer or winter resorts, but will
make their stay longer where there is good food.
The flowers and berries make it worth while
planting them purely for ornamental purposes.
(The figures in parenthesis denote height at
maturity. )
Cerasus Padus. (European Bird Cherry.) (30
to 40 feet.) The black berries hang in at-
tractive racemes and are much liked by birds.
Flowers are ornamental.
Cerasus Pennsylvanica. (20 to 25 feet.) The
small, bright-red, sour fruit ripens in June.
Cerasus serotina. (Wild Black Cherry.) (30
to 35 feet.) The black fruit ripens toward
autumn.
Cornus florida. (White-flowering Dogwood.)
(20 to 25 feet.) Beautiful red berries, borne in
clusters, ripen in October.
Cornus paniculata. (8 to 10 feet.) This up-
right-growing shrub ripens its white fruit in
July. .
Cornus alternifolia. (Blue Dogwood.) (8 to
10 feet.) Blue-black berries, ripen in early
August.
Cornus sericea. (Silk-leaved Dogwood.) (6é
to 8 feet.) The fruit ripens in August, chang-
ing from white to blue-black.
Aralia spinosa. (Hercules Club.)
feet.)
Aralia Japonica.
Aralia Mandschurica.
The small, black berries of Aralia are borne in
large clusters at the terminus of thick, thorny
(10 to 15
stems. Mandschurica ripens in August, followed
by spinosa and Japonica.
Betula. (Birch.) (40 to 50 feet.) The first
of the birches to ripen is the Red or Water
Birch in June, followed by the English White,
Page
26
The wild
canaries delight in pecking at the catkins.
Poplar Birch, Sweet and Yellow.
(Spice-bush.) (6 to 8 feet.)
The plant
Lindera Benzoin.
The red berries ripen in September.
likes a moist situation.
Chionanthus Virginica. (White Fringe.) (10
to 12 feet.) As these blue-black berries ripen
in September the robins will take them as fast
as they change color. As they ripen successively
they give food for about two weeks.
Nyssa multiflora. (Sour Gum.) (40 to 50
feet.) The blue-black berries ripen in the mid-
dle of September. Good autumn coloring.
Morus. (Mulberry.) (20 to 30 feet.)
Morus alba. White-fruited.
Morus rubra. Red-fruited.
Morus tatarica and “Downing’s Everbearing.”
Black-fruited.
The mulberries ripen in July, when they are
much desired by birds, especially robins.
Photinia villosa. (10 to 12 feet.) The small,
red berries, ripening in September, will be taken
by birds almost as fast as they color.
Sassafras officinale. (30 to 40 feet.) These
black berries are very much liked. Ripen about
the middle of August.
Amelanchier. (June Berry.) (8 to 10 feet.)
The fruit of these plants is much desired. Birds
start feeding on them as soon as they have
changed to a dark-red color and before fully
black and ripened.
Juniperus Virginiana. (Red Cedar.) These
berries make good food through the winter.
Ampelopsis Virginica. (Virginia Creeper.)
Ampelopsis Veitchii. (Boston or Japanese
Ivy.)
Both varieties have black fruit, ripening in
October.
The following is a list of berries not much
sought after by birds, but they will be eaten
where other foods are scarce:
Celtis occidentalis. (40 to 50 feet.)
Ripens in November.
Brown.
Berberis. Red fruit. Ripens in October.
Pyrus arbutifolia. Red fruit. Ripens in Octo-
ber.
Pyrus melanocarpa. Black-fruited. Ripens in
October.
Sambucus. (Elder.) Ripens in June and July.
Sambucus Canadensis. Black fruit.
Sambucus var. alba. Amber fruit.
Sambucus racemosa and pubens. Red fruit.
Beech and small Oak acorns.
Roses. The fleshy part of the rose hips are
often eaten by birds.
February
1911
A New School of Horticulture
for Women
An attractive booklet reveals the fact that a
School of Horticulture for Women has been
founded in Pennsylvania during the past year.
Although the movement is somewhat new in
this country, few there be that will question
woman’s fitness to follow the profession of horti-
culture, either as a hobby or a means of liveli-
hood.
Thousands of women make gardening their
hobby and are benefited in health by it. Those
who follow the profession as a means of liveli-
hood will be helped a long way on the road
to success by a course of study and training at a
good practical school.
It is with considerable gratification we notice
the Pennsylvania School of Horticulture for
Women is a near neighbor, and we gladly give
it an appropriate welcome. It was founded and
is under the control of an efficient and altruistic
management.
The movement should have the interest and
support of all true friends of progress.
Nut Growers Unite
At a meeting at the Botanical Museum in Bronx
Park, New York City, on November 17, 1910, the
Northern Nut Growers’ Association was organ-
ized, with Dr. Robert T. Morris, of New York
City, as president; Mr. T. P. Littlepage, of Wash-
ington, D. C., as vice-president, and Dr. W. C.
Deming, of Westchester, New York City, as sec-
retary and treasurer. The Executive Committee
consists of Prof. John Craig, of Cornell Univer-
sity; Mr. Henry Hales, of Ridgewood, N. J.;
Prof. C. P. Close, of the Maryland Experiment
Station, and the president and secretary.
Membership in the society is open to all per-
sons who desire to further nut culture, without
reference to place of residence or nationality.
The annual dues are $2; life membership, $20.
Appreciating Plants Needs
Recently I put my lily-of-the-valley bed in con-
dition for winter. This bed is somewhat elevated,
and during the season past the soil had washed a
little. To the casual observer the bed would seem
well-prepared for winter, but I noticed that all
over the surface of the ground the young feeding
rootlets were exposed to the wind and weather.
I am having about an inch or two of good, rich
loam spread over the ground, forming a good
winter blanket for these plants. Next spring
Pll get my reward in a wealth of bloom. W. J, G
February
1911
The Destructive Tent Caterpillar
S. MENDELSON MEEHAN.
One of the most familiar insect pests
is the Tent Caterpillar’s.
However well known, few persons
prepare and continue to stamp them
out.
The accompanying illustration is a
snap-shot, and does not reveal the
caterpillars which are swarming over
emnstenoh the “tents” so clearly shown.
anda Apart from the necessity for getting
ee rid of these pests, the study of their
caterpillars. ]ife-history, habits, and the methods
for combating them is of intense ~ interest,
while the knowledge gained will make riddance
of them comparatively easy if one apply the
knowledge intelligently and promptly as required.
The trouble begins with the deposit of a mass
of eggs by a moth on the small limbs of trees.
These egg masses are easily discernible, but may
be confused with those of the canker worm, which
How appropriate isthe common name, Tent Caterpillar when
we see the formation as shown in this illustration.
they resemble. (One species of canker worm does
not lay eggs until autumn.) Eggs of the tent
caterpillar are laid in July and hatched the follow-
ing spring. An illustration shows the egg masses
which are covered or “varnished” by the insect
with a viscid liquid.
These eggs hatch very small caterpillars in
spring, which at once commence to feed on the
leaves and young growth of the tree.
These little caterpillars grow very rapidly, and
for protection at night and from bad weather
they spin silken “tents,’ usually in the fork of
branches. .
In about six weeks (say mid-June), they are
Page
27
full-grown—about two inches—and ready to go
into the dormant chrysalis state.
The tents are forsaken and convenient places,
loose bark, boards, etc., are sought out, beneath
which to spin the silken, yellow cocoons within
which they are to undergo transformation to a
moth. This latter is accomplished within a few
weeks, and in July we have the result—pretty
little brown moths, to all appearance harmless
little things, but soon actively “sowing the seeds”
of much future trouble.
What is to be done? Ona few small trees egg
masses may be sought out, scraped from the trees
and destroyed.
Those of the canker worm, by the way, may
be confined to the lower parts of trees by pre-
venting the wingless female “moth” from ascend-
ing high. A band of sticky material or other
prevention will accomplish this. The eggs are
necessarily deposited below the obstacle.
Next, the young caterpillars may be poisoned
with Paris green. Have all materials ready for
use on an hour’s notice; don’t permit delay. Mix
equal parts of lime and Paris green to prevent
the latter injuring the tender leaves. Use as a
powder; or, in liquid mixture, one pound Paris
green, one pound lime, 200 gallons of water.
Still another method is to take a lighted torch,
holding it momentarily beneath the tents, and so
destroying the caterpillars gathered there. Be
sure they are “at home” before attempting the
work.
Sticky bands have no value except as an ob-
stacle to passage down the trunk as the cater-
pillars go off to spin their coccoons, or to the
canker worm in preventing the wingless moth
from ascending.
A loose cotton band some times acts as the
shelter which the caterpillars are looking for,
and consequently the cocoons may be spun on
the trunk, where they can easily be gathered.
It is dangerous to smear some sticky sub-
stances directly on the trunk of small trees of
which the bark is comparatively young and ten-
der. A band, not too tight to prevent expansion
of the trunk, is the better, and this should never
be placed before June, or remain after the fall
season has closed.
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Page
28
Two Uncommon Maples
After the beautiful display of autumn colored
foliage, and when the leaves, their short course
run, have fallen, many Nature lovers lose, for
the time being, their interest in the trees.
It is at this time, however—
“When yellow leaves a few or more do hang
Upon those boughs which shake against the cold,
Bare ruined choirs, where late the sweet birds
sang’ —
that we should notice and study closely the beau-
ties in bark and twig coloring.
Only in winter are we able to fully appreciate the beauty of;this
bark—that of the Acer striatum or Pennsylvanicum,
The beauty of the Striped-barked Maple (Acer
Pennsylvanicum, syn. striatum) at this time of
year is such that it seems to almost force itself
before us. The beautiful dark-green bark, with
the outstanding stripes of white, form a wonder-
fully striking combination. Atop of this we
have the crimson twigs of the present year’s
growth.
Another maple with similiarly striped bark is
Acer rufinerve, a variety from Japan. Unlike the
kinds usually known as Japanese Maples, this
variety is of fairly rapid growth. It resembles
the Acer striatum in many ways, and in addition
surpasses it in the glory of its fall tints.
Here, then, we have two maples which are of
equally easy culture as the others of this family.
They are hardy, do well in a variety of locations,
have pretty, attractive leaves, and color well in
the fall. Is it not a source of wonder therefore
that they are not more often planted?
J. Horace McFarland, in a recent book, speaks
February
1911
of the infrequent planting of Acer striatum, and
places the blame chiefly on the shoulders of the
nurseryman. He says, in part: “The trees are
difficult to transplant, and for that reason they
are not usually listed.”
While the nurseryman is, without doubt, at
fault in not more often recommending these
maples, I must differ in opinion as to the cause.
These varieties, I should say, transplant with
very little difficulty. Young trees, nursery-grown
from seed, can be handled with the greatest ease,
and in the case of large quantites of quite large
seedlings collected from the woods hardly a tree
has been lost.
Possibly, large trees from the woods would
move with difficulty, but this is true with the
majority of trees so growing.
As to the uses we may put such trees:
In groups, or, as single specimens, they are
equally attractive. Attaining only medium
height, they can be grown to single stem or to
several stems, and are very effective either way.
The beautiful leaves and bark form cheerful
contrasts with the more sombre trees usually
planted, and in such instances both lend and take,
enhancing greatly the beauty of the planting.
When securing trees of these varieties do not
expect to start with too large specimens.
Not attaining the dimensions of the Norway,
Sugar and other well-known kinds, trees for
planting will be correspondingly smaller. Trees
four to six feet are usually of sufficient size to
start with.
Once the winter beauty of these maples is fully
appreciated, and they are more frequently used,
other trees with similar characteristics will find
a place in our plantings and relieve, to some ex-
tent, the dependency on the evergreen trees and
shrubs for winter effects.
STANLEY V. WILCox.
The Mare chal-Neil Rose
To the Editor of The Press.
Sir: Please give me the story of the naming
of the Marechal-Neil Rose. Wo G
PHILADELPHIA, November 14, 1910.
The Marechal-Neil Rose has the following his-
tory: Neil, while soldiering in Italy in 1859, found
a rose, a slip of which he took back with him
to France. When the time came for him to
be made marshal, he presented the Empress
Eugenie with one of the roses grown from this
slip, which pleased her greatly, being the first
one of the kind she had ever seen. He told
her the story of the little slip from which the
flower came, and it so impressed her that she
said to him, “I will christen this rose M. le
Marechal.”
February
1911
Page
29
Planting a Tree
What do we plant when we plant a tree?
We plant the ship which will cross the sea;
We plant the mast to carry the sails;
We plant the planks to withstand the gales—
The keel, the keelson, and beam, and knee;
We plant the ship when we plant the tree.
What do we plant when we plant the tree?
We plant the house for you and me;
We plant the rafters, the shingles, the floor;
We plant the studding, the lath, the doors,
The beams, and sidings, all parts that be;
We plant the house when we plant the tree.
What do we plant when we plant the tree?
A thousand things that we daily see;
We plant the spire that out-towers the crag;
We plant the staff for our country’s flag;
We plant the shade from the hot sun free;
We plant all these when we plant the tree.
—Henry ABBEY.
The writer of the above lines has struck a right
chord and has brought out of the simple action
of planting a tree more than is thought of by the
ordinary planter. He must be a _ student of
economics, an advocate of conservation, a
patriot, and as well a humanitarian.
Without going into the economic uses of a tree,
and confining ourselves mainly to the planting of
trees for shade, we must all lament the fact that
in our large cities, as well as in many of the
smaller towns and townships, tree planting is not
taken up by the people as it should be.
Then, too, when it is done there is not enough
thought given to the operation. Perhaps it is
well to add, not the right thought.
With the real estate promoter the one thought
uppermost is, the increased value such planting
will have on his proposition. “It will look bet-
ter to the prospective buyer and give it a more
homelike appearance,” he says.
With the mere selfish planter the main thought
is just bare utility and immediate results, with no
thought whatever to the future aspect of such
planting.
In both the above cases there is invariably an
unwise selection made, which in future years will
bring anything but commendation on the planter.
“You see it takes a deal of insight to know
what’s going to be,” was a remark made by an
old gardener, when commenting on a planting he
had in mind. He uttered a truism. Foresight
must spring from insight, and this should be
taken as a basic principle of good planting.
The desperate hurry in which we live is not
conducive to foresight and gives but little en-
couragement to the thought of planting for pos-
terity. Yet some such planting is continually be-
ing done, we are happy to say, by some indi-
viduals.
The writer, when visiting Princeton, N. J., some
time ago had the honor of meeting such
ape inan: Driving in company with him
from his office to his home (a distance of two
miles perhaps) we passed hundreds of trees of
mature size—real old giant maples, ashes and
others.
Pointing to them with pride he remarked that
these were planted by himself in his early days,
saw them grow up year by year, had the pleasure
of their grateful shade—a pleasure not enjoyed by
him alone, but by hundreds of others.
In view of the writer, as these notes are being
penned, are fifty or more grand old specimens of
oak, ash, cherry, birch, elm, magnolia and linden
really worth going miles to see.
They stand a living monument to the foresight
of the late Thomas Meehan, who, with char-
acteristic forethought, planted and nurtured them
some fifty years ago.
Many other cases might be cited, but these
alone will suffice to show the true planting spirit.
They took of the best material at hand, and
many have since blessed the forethought which
planted not only for themselves, but for succeed-
ing generations. Epwin MatTtTHEws.
Get Ready to Plant
Plan your work for the spring at this time
and do not let the matter slip by until spring
is upon you.
Your order for plants, to get the best atten-
tion should be in hand early in March at least,
before then if possible.
Good, Clean Plant Foods
Your lawn and garden yearly need food to
produce the results you want.
In getting this food, see that it is of the best.
Our Wood Ashes and Bone Meal are pure,
unadulterated, and will give the maximum
results.
MEEHANS’ PURE BONE MEAL
2obs cue es $ .75
SOlbste eco eee 1.25
MEEHANS’ UNLEACHED WOOD ASHES
SQlbsvecorse snc eae $ 1.00 1 bbl. (200 Ibs.) - - $ 2.75
100:Ibs:.=. & = =°s 3% 1.50 1000Ibs.33. 3 Sk 11.00
1 ton (2000 Ibs.) . - - 22.00; delivered locally . . . 24.00
We can quote very low rates on carload lots.
Quantity Required.—One pound for each 10 square
feet; 114 to 2 tons to the acre.
THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS
Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa.
Page
30
Anemone—* Windflower ”
Comparatively speaking, the number of peren-
nials that do well in the shade are few. The
Anemone family belongs to this few, one and all
of them giving good results in shady nooks, pro-
viding, of course, the shade is not dense to the
suffocating point and they are not in too close
proximity to greedy roots of trees, in which posi-
tion one can only expect moss to grow.
Even so, the little Anemone nemorosa of the
woods holds its head bravely in positions we
would scarcely give it were we to bring it within
the “pale of civilization,” so to speak. We can
make a sharp division in this group of plants,
between those that flower in the spring, as A.
sylvestris and A. pulsatilla, and those that bloom
in the fall, like A. Japonica, and its varieties.
We may or may not be strongly drawn toward
the former class, but the Japanese kinds have
ever been in great demand. The latter are
charming flowers and so valuable for cutting pur-
poses. Furthermore, blooming in the autumn
when flowers of this type are scarce, makes them
indispensable. Lastly, they are amenable to un-
favorable shady positions in the hardy garden.
When massing the pink and white varieties to-
gether, let the white predominate, especially if
the position afforded them is a shady one.
How distinct and beautiful the white star-like
flowers show up in such a position.
Spring is the best time to plant them.
E. M.
INTELLIGENT AND RELIABLE
GARDENERS
There are any number of men, professing to be ex-
perienced, seeking situations as gardeners and super-
intendents.
In our own business we have had men on our nursery,
assisting for some weeks, and later learn they have pro-
fessed to be experienced, and cited their service at our
establishment as evidences.
Are you in need of a gardener or superintendent ? We
have an up-to-date file of a limited number of real, valu-
able and thoroughly experienced men.
If you are seeking a gardener, write us. There is no
charge made to either party. It is a satisfaction to us to
see intelligent help employed on private estates.
THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS
Germantown. Philadelphia, Pa.
February
1911
Deciduous Trees
(CONTINUED FROM PAGE 12)
The Globe-headed C. Bungei is in big demand
for formal planting, being one of the first trees
to be largely used for this purpose.
THE TREE Docwoops. Cornus.
Although found growing wild in so many lo-
calities, the White Dogwood, C. florida is in great
demand among growers. It is always used in
creating natural effects in woodland plantings,
etc., but is equally good as an open lawn specimen.
It is grand in flower, fruit and foliage.
The Red or Pink Dogwood, C. florida flore
rubro, was unknown 20 years ago, but through
the efforts of Thomas Meehan & Sons it was
introduced throughout the United States, and
abroad as well.
It is a grand companion plant to the white
one. The flowers are a deep pink, and wonder-
fully attractive.
Very few plants of the Weeping Dogwood, C.
florida pendula, are to be found, but this is not
surprising, as weeping trees are not so popular
as the natural forms. The weeping character is
similar to that of the Weeping Beech.
The Japanese Dogwood, known as C. Kousa,
and by others as Benthamia Japonica, is very
similan “to Co flovida,. buts has notmas mcoodma
record as the former for hardiness above Massa-
chusetts.
Tue Locusts. Gleditschia and Robinia.
One sterling merit of all the locusts is their
willingness to thrive in soils good and bad.
The Honey Locust, G. triacanthos, has been
used for years as a service hedge and is almost
impenetrable. It is a beautiful ornamental tree
as well, the green leaves retaining color to the
last. It is very hardy.
The Yellow or Black Locust, R. Pseudacacia, is
a sight in spring with its racemes of white
flowers. Well known, too, as a lumber tree.
The Viscid Locust, R. viscosa, though native,
is rarely seen. It bears short racemes of crea:n-
colored flowers.
THe Tree oF HeEAven. Ailanthus.
Extremely rapid growing and thrives in soil
which would not grow other trees.
The one with the offensive smelling flowers is
rightly objected to, but the seed-bearing, female
kind does not carry an odor. Specify “female,”
therefore, when you order.
CEDRELA.
The Chinese Cedrela, C. Sinensis, resembles the
Ailanthus in foliage, but has many superior
merits. The drooping racemes of white flowers
Flowering Magnolias
of Our Own Growing
HEN you buy Magnolias be sure to inform
WV yourself about the quality of the plants.
If there is need to get some plants of
better quality than others it is in the case of Mag-
nolias.
Magnolias similar to those we grow (unfor-
tunately there are few) are possible to transplant
with risk of loss reduced to a minimum.
The greatest of care is exercised, first in the
growing and finally in the digging and shipping.
You get plants as near perfect as possible. We
lift as much soil with the roots as they will hold.
On the other hand, there have been great
losses in transplanting Magnolias, due almost en-
tirely to poor stock and indifferent handling. Here
are some beautiful plants we have, in the very
choicest variety, with vigor that insures success,
if carefully planted.
Let us know your needs and we will see that
your order gets early and careful attention.
Garnet-flowered Magnolia (Magnolia Soulan-
geana nigra)
A new and decidedly attractive variety with very deep
red blossoms, similar in form to the pink one of which it
is a variety.
Each Per 10 Per 50
1% to 2 feet $1.25 $10.00 $40.00
2 to 2% feet 2.00 16.00 67.50
2% to 3 feet 2.50 20.00
Pink Magnolia (Magnolia Soulangeana)
This well-known, large- flowered, light pink Magnolia
needs no description. It is seen in almost every garden of
any size or consequence. Our plants are grand.
ac. er | Per 50
2 to 3 feet $1.25 $10.00 $40.00
3 to 4 feet 2.25 18.00 75.00
4 to 5 feet 2.75 22.00 90.00
6 to 7 feet 3.75 30.00 125.00
Purple Magnolia (Magnolia purpurea)
Somewhat shrub-like in habit. Produces purple blos-
soms after many kinds are through flowering. Not hardy
in the extreme no
Each Per 10 Per 50
1% to 2 feet $1.00 $8.00 $32.50
2 to 3 feet 1.50 12.00 50.00
3 to 4 feet 2.00 16.00 67.50
Blood Red Lennei Magnolia
The large, cup-shaped blossoms are decidedly showy,
being deep red on the cues: Pures pane ans de: A super
3 to 4 feet $2.25 $18.00 $75.00
The beautiful, star-shaped blossoms of the dwarf,
sweet-scented Yulan Magnolia.
Sweet Bay (Magnolia glauca)
In early June, following the others, this well-known
agnolia produces medium sized, cup-shaped, pure white
blossoms which are quite fragrant. The foliage is rich and
glossy, evergreen in the South, and almost so in the North.
Scarce to get in good stock. These we offer are superb.
Each Per 10 Per 50
1 to 1% feet $ .75 $6.00 $25.00
1% to 2 feet 1.25 10.00 40.00
2 to 3 feet 1.50 12.00 50.00
Yulan Magnolia (Magnolia conspicua)
Large, pure white, sweet-scented blossoms surpassing
all others in beauty as a large, white Magnolia.
Each PerlO # £Per50
2 to 3 feet $2.00 $16.00 $67.50
3 to 4 feet 2.50 20.00 82.50
4to 5 feet 25 22.00 90.
5 to 6 feet 3.25 26.00 107.50
6 to 7 feet 3.50 28.00 115.00
Star-flowered Magnolia (Magnolia Stellata or
Halleana)
Almost covering the plants with its shower of blossoms,
this beautiful dwarf, bushy-growing Magnolia is one of the
most ornamental. The flowers are tinted pink in bud,
opening pure white and are delicately scente
ese plants of ours we will match with any in the
country as being superior.
ach Per 10 Per 50
1%4 to 2 feet $1.50 $12.00 $50.00
2 to 2% feet 2.00 16.00 67.50
2% to 3 feet 2.50 20.00 82.50
2% to 3 feet, heavy 3.00 24.00 100.00
3 to 3% feet specimens, $4.00 each
SPECIAL MAGNOLIA GROUP. These seven glorious
Magnolias are most excellent for grouping as a special Magnolia group,
remembering that purpurea and stellata are dwarf in habit.
Here is a
special offer, one each of the seven described, in the smallest size offered
of each for $9.00
THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS, Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa.
Page
32
February
1911
are attractive and in final development the tree
attains good full proportions. Excellent for shade
on avenue or lawn.
Alnus.
The low, swampy position is an ideal location
for the alder with its distinctive pendent catkins.
The Black or European Alder, A. glutinosa,
grows quickly, and develops into the largest tree
of all the alders.
THe ALDERS.
GARDENER—Anz Irishman, 30 years of age, mar-
ried, with one child, desires situation as private gardener.
Gardening has been his sole training, and he can fur-
nish the best of references. If you are interested address
J. H., care of THOS. MEEHAN & SONS
Germantown, Phila., Pa.
RDINARILY we do not recommend the mov-
ing of large trees. They do not seem to quickly
recover from transplanting.
Just at this time, however, we have a limited collec-
tion of unusually fine trees, not exceptionally large.
Unlike the majority of large trees, these we speak of
have had recent transplantings and very little check
would occur in moving them.
These trees are from 12 to 25 feet high, depending
on the kind, and run from 3 to 6 inches in diameter
at the trunk.
Not one is overgrown and each is well formed and of
pleasing appearance. Just the trees for immediate and
effective results.
Among the collection are beautiful specimens of
Green Ash
Japanese Planera
Bolleana Poplars
American Horse Chestnuts
Chinese Cedrelas
Golden Weeping Willows
English Elms American Lindens
Red Birch Sweet Gums
and others as popular and ornamental
The prices we can name on these trees are exceptionally
reasonable. It will be feasible to ship them at least 300 to
400 miles distant.
If you are in the least interested please write us at once
as early visitors to our grounds frequently take these
choice plants. Some will have to go later on to make
room for incoming stock from Europe.
THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS
Germantown, Phila., Pa.
The Speckled Alder, A. incana, is a dwarf tree,
thriving in moist situations.
The Cut-leaved Alder, A. incana imperialis
laciniata, is admired for its deeply cut leaves.
THE SorrREL TREE. Andromeda.
Of all Andromedas the A. arborea, or Sorrel
Tree is the only one having tree-like tedencies.
In July the racemes of white flowers are
showy, but the autumn treat in brilliantly colored
foliage surpasses all other merits. Attains a
height of 20 to 25 feet in time.
THE ARALIAS.
One is sometimes in doubt as to whether or
not to include the aralias among trees. They are
bushy in form, but in some varieties grow to I5
feet in height.
A. spinosa is possibly the showiest when in
flower, in August. The huge panicles of white
flowers are followed by clusters or bunches of
dark-blue berries.
The Japanese Aralia, A. Japonica, is very simi-
lar to Aralia spinosa, differing in having smaller
foliage and being bushier.
Dimorphanthus Mandshuricus is almost the
same as A. spinosa, but blooms about a week
earlier, and seems to be a little sturdier and
stronger in habit of growth.
THE Papaw. Asimina.
The foliage of the Papaw, A. triloba, is very
attractive, and fruit, which is somewhat like a
banana, is much liked by some.
THE Mutperries. Morus.
The name mulberry usually brings to the aver-
age persons’ mind the small white or violet mul-
berries. This is the fruit of the native M. alba,
which is a rapid growing tree much cultivated in
some localities as a source of food for silk-
worms.
M. rubra is the Red Mulberry.
If better known, Downing’s Everbearing Mul-
berry, a variety of rubra, would be largely
planted, as the fruit, 2 to 3 inches in length, is
delicious and comes, successively, from June until
September.
Of all mulberries, Teas’ Weeping is possibly
the best known. This is a decided weeping tree,
and very formal, useful therefore in work of
this class and also for general lawn ornamenta-
tion.
Tue HornpeAms. Carpinus.
Used for screening and large hedge purposes.
Bushy growing and never gaining great height.
The American and European are very similar,
February
1911
Page
33
the latter differing only in being more twiggy in
growth.
THE NETTLE TREE. Celtis.
The leaves of the American Nettle Tree, C.
occidentalis, are somewhat similar to the elm,
though smaller. It bears brown berries in the
autumn.
The Chinese Nettle Tree, C. Sinensis, has
bright green shining foliage of great beauty,
which it retains until December, sometimes Jan-
uary.
THE Jupas. Cercis.
The American Red Bud or Judas, C. Canaden-
sis, gets to be 20 to 25 feet, and the small blos-
soms, appearing along its otherwise naked
branches in May, are light pink.
There is a variety with pure white blossoms,
C. Canadensis alba.
The Japanese Judas, C. Japonica, is hardly
more than a shrub, rarely getting over Io feet
in height. It bears blossoms much deeper in
color and is compact.
Truly these are fringe blossoms and to see them is to appreciate
them as they deserve. e rich green foliage of the
Chionanthus is also extremely ornamental.
Tue YELLow Woop. Cladrastis.
A grand tree and worthy of wider introduction.
The racemes of fragrant, peashaped, white blos-
soms come in early June. The foliage is a beau-
tiful green. Get one for your lawn.
THe Persimmon. JDiospyros.
Though not generally known, the Native Per-
simmon, D. Virginiana, makes a pleasing orna-
mental tree. The fruit, when fully ripe, is
enjoyed by many. The dark-green foliage is very
persistent.
A Valuable
Book of
100 Pages
If you are intending
to set out hardy trees
or plants this Spring,
whether one or a thou-
: . sand, be sure to have us
Meehanr
ee ‘| price list.
Garden
send you this valuable
It is a convenient
handbook of prices on
a most complete collection of desirable
and dependable stock.
It is also an honest book in its claims
and statements.
Send today for a copy—it is free for
the asking.
THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS
Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa.
Poor “Grass Seed”’ is
Worse than None
The purchaser who gets a cheap grass seed
is harboring future trouble. Not only does poor
grass seed fail to produce a satisfactory sod, but
it establishes weeds in the very ground in which
you don’t want them. Our grass seed sells at
$5.50 per bushel, but if we were to sell you the
usual grass seed commonly marketed, we could
do so for $2.75 per bushel, and make the same
rate of profit. This statement is not a claim
alone, but a fact. When you buy our seed you
get seeds of good lawn grasses, not weed Seeds
and chaff. Decide now to at least test our seed.
It is decidedly reasonable in the end.
PEERLESS GRASS SEED
lac as ery Sci 2 S25 1 bu. (20 Ibs.) -.- : $5.50
1 at. postpaid. . . . - .30 5 bu. lots, per bu.. - - . 5.25
AONbaSlotsaperabus 8 seo @ coc et snk © se ces 5.00
SHADY LAWN GRASS SEED
diegty sone eee $ 35 1 bu. 20 Ibs... - - - $6.00
1 at., postpaid. . . . . 40 5 bu. lots, per bu. . - - 5.75
D0 a*iloissipert bn Sa, Fo) ee See. ee 5.50
Quantity Required.—One quart for 300 square feet;
l acre requires 4 to 5 bushels.
THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS
Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa.
leaved Maples
full d
ena eather Bho —Far better color than the common
as this specimen. stock.
Japanese Maples
This Spring we shall sell several
large blocks of wonderfully fine
Meehan-grown Japanese Maples, the
equal of which cannot be found in
another American nursery.
Imported Japanese Maples, though
handled by a great many dealers, are
not to be compared with home-grown
stock.
We know, by experience, that it is
impossible to buy at any price, plants
that approach our home-grown stock.
Take these fine blocks from which
we will sell this Spring, the plants in
them are superb.
—Full and extremely bushy.
Our broad, —Have been frequently transplanted.
bushy Blood- —Are very well rooted.
—Fully acclimated.
These points indicate as far as description can the superior quality there is in these Meehan-grown plants.
You should, however, see these plants to really appreciate their great value. If you are near our nurseries this Spring, call
and we will gladly show you the plants.
The rich, blood-red Japanese Maple should brighten every lawn and garden. It is so intense in color—especially in the
strain we have, which has been commented on by many as being decidedly more intense in color than that of the ordinary
stock. The vigor of our plants no doubt is the cause of this intensity of color.
As a single specimen, in groups of three or more, or grouped with other varieties, in any case you get decidedly beautiful
effects.
Decide now to get some beautiful plants, that cannot be surpassed in quality—at very reasonable prices.
ORDER EARLY—Not after the season has advanced too far, as early planting of Japanese Maples is essential to good
returns. Spring is the best season for planting all Japanese Maples.
Meehan-grown Blood-Red
Japanese Maples
1 to 114 ft. $1.00 each 5 for $4.00 50 for $32.50
114 to 2 ft. 125: <5 ‘« 5.00 oS 40.00
2 to 21% ft. bushy, 1.75 ‘‘ ‘* 7.00 a 60.00
2144 to3 ft. ‘* 3.00 ‘< ** 12.00 ** 100.00
3 to 314 ft. ‘* 4.00 ‘ ‘* 16.00 ‘¢ 132.50
3144, to4ft. ‘* 5.00 ‘ “* 20.00 ‘* 167.00
3to4 ft. specimens. .... . . . $5.00 to $8.00 each
4 to 41, ft. extra . . . . . . $6.50 each, 5 for $26.00
4l4 to5 ft. superb . . . . . . . $8.00 to $10.00 each
Japanese Maple Collection
Very few people know the decidedly beautiful effects
possible in combining various varieties of Japanese Maples
in a group.
he crimsons, greens and yellows always harmonize.
Set a group out on your lawn and you'll be delighted
with the effect.
Here is a fine selection for the purpose:
2 Japanese Blood-leaved Maples . .. .. =.2 = to2% ft.
1 Golden-leaved Japanese Maple .--...=..2.i1%to2 ft.
1 Green Polymorphum Maple ........2«.3 to4 ft.
2 Red Fern-leaved Japanese Maples. . ....2.1 +#«t01% ft.
1 Green Fern-leaved Japanese Maple . .....1%to2 ft.
1 Ivy-leaved Japanese Maple ........2.2 «to3 ft.
These 8 fine well-developed specimens, from 1 to 4
feet high, for $13.00.
THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS
Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa.
February
1911
Page
35
The Japanese kinds do not prove hardy in the
North.
Cypress. Taxodium.
There is no denying the great beauty and
value of the Deciduous Cypress. T. distichum.
Beautiful fern-like foliage, stately form and final
value as a timber tree.
Another cypress of similar foliage is Glypto-
strobus Sinensis pendula. It is columnar in
growth, and has pendulous shoots when young.
It is known as the Chinese Cypress.
ive)
Few on seeing the Flowering Ash, Fraxinus Ornus, for the first
time, wo imagine it was of the ash family.
KENTUCKY COFFEE. Gyminocladus.
An excellent shade tree and also attractive in
flower; it is to be regretted that more Kentucky
coffees have not been planted. It has the added
merit of thriving at the seashore. Give i: a
place on your grounds.
SWEET AND Sour GuMs.
Both of these gum trees are showiest in the
autumn, with their brilliant fall dress of scarlet,
crimson and brown.
The star-shaped leaf of the Sweet Gum,
Liquidambar styraciflua, quickly identifies it.
The Sour Gum, Nyssa multiflora, has-an entire
leaf, which is, up to fall, bright rich green.
THE
What a towering tree the Tulip Tree, Lirioden-
dron tulipifera, develops into.
tree at maturity.
Ture TREE.
It is truly a noble
The beautiful leaves are much
admired, as also the tulip-iike flowers, greenish
yellow, blotched orange. Transplants with diffi-
culty unless severely pruned.
Empress Tree. Paulownia.
Unlike all other trees, this the dis-
tinctive feature of producing large panicles of
fragrant blue, trumpet-shaped flowers, appearing
before the leaves.
A grand lawn tree, resembling the Catalpa in
foliage.
one has
Larix.
Though much like and related to the fir, the
Larch is deciduous and therefore may be spoken
of here.
The American and European are very similar.
Both of conical form, the shoots of the European,
L. Europea, have a pendulous habit, and are
slender in twig and branch.
The Japanese Larch, L. leptolepsis, is beautiful,
the needles being broad and the young wood
yellowish brown.
THE LARCHES.
PTEROSTYRAX.
Picture sprays of Wistaria flowers, pure white
and in profusion over a tree, and you have this
grand tree in full bloom. Its foliage, too, is
broad and rich green. It is a treasure from
Japan.
GINKGO oR SALISBURIA.
We have also to thank the Japanese for the
tall, stately Ginkgo or Maidenhair Tree. The
exquisite rich green foliage resembles our
Maidenhair Fern in form, though, of course,
much larger. A grand avenue or lawn tree.
SASSAFRAS.
The deep yellow fall coloring of this well-
known native tree is particularly pleasing. Previ-
ous to which they are a rich green.
Pacopa TREE. Sophora.
Here is a tree distinctive in appearance and
not frequently met with.
The dark-green divided leaf is very attractive,
and in the Japanese form, S. Japonica, the
panicles of yellow-white flowers are decidedly
showy in August.
There is another form, S. violacea, differing
from the others in having light-blue flowers.
‘Great-Big’”’ Shrubs
You can get quick, immediate results
from these “special” shrubs we have
to offer.
‘They are above the usual grades and
are particularly fine in form and vigor.
For screening, shrub-border planting,
or as individual specimens, they are sure
to please.
Carefully note the good size of all of
them, and the high quality of the selec-
tion, and decide to let us send you the
group
$10.00 Collection
2 Meehans’ Variegated-leaved Althaea ....... 4 to 5 ft.
DUGoldencBells ee ee eee eee 4 to 5 ft.
2 White-flowered Bush Honeysuckles ........ 4 to 5 ft.
2: \Pink:Spiraea’ Billardicgceks tote csc tae t cee 4 to 5 ft.
3 Early-flowering Hydrangea paniculata ...... . 4 to 5 ft.
2:iSpireas callosaegaaces = sees oh coe ee 5 to 6 ft.
2 Hungarianibilacsis -2-ces- <<a ea ce et eee 4 to 5 ft.
3) Mock Orangesecites a Se sie eed sores ns 4 to 5 ft.
2 Viburnum tomentosum. ......-..4.... 4 to 5 ft.
3 Stephanandra flexuosa ......-.-.2..... 4 to 5 ft.
2: Persiane tilacsee: snes cs) Soe ee ech ee awre aee 4 to 5 ft.
25 shrubs, easily worth $13.50
$5.00 Collection
1: Mock Orange: nays tee a ron, A ee, See 4 to 5 ft.
1 GoldeniBell) « S40 265-4. new Bee ss, 4 to 5 ft.
1 (Hungarianililac: 55 ese: Se yen 4 to 5 ft.
1 ChastesShrub). 2s: 425 occ ete ee eee 4 to 5 ft.
2 Early-flowering Hydrangea. . .......2... 4 to 5 ft.
1 Meehans’ Rose of Sharon ........... 4 to 5 ft.
1 Stephanandra flexuosa .......2.2..... 4 to 5 ft.
TPersianslilaes.l4 Ss, ee .. ea, eee ee 4 to 5 ft.
2 Bush Honeysuckle ..........2.2.2... 4 to 5 ft.
1 Pink Spiraea Billardi . ..........2.2~, 4 to 5 ft.
12 shrubs, worth at least $6.75
THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS
Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa.
February
1911
Future of Garden Bulletin
Many readers of MEEHAN’S GARDEN BULLETIN
have expressed themselves as highly pleased with
its invaluable and practical contents.
The consensus of opinion is that there is
nothing in the field of horticultural publications
that covers the same facts, with the same degree
of helpfulness, and at such a trifling expense
to the reader.
These good friends will be glad to know that
deeply laid plans are maturing, and “copy” is in
preparation for perhaps the most valuable series
of practical articles concerning hardy plants of
all kinds that has ever been published.
Every number forthcoming in the current year
will contain articles in this series, and no one
can afford to miss one issue.
We are pleased to be in the unique position of
being well equipped to give this valuable contribu-
tion to the garden-loving public—S. MENDELSON
MEEHAN, Editor.
Interesting Plant Discoveries
An explorer of the U. S. Department of Agri-
culture has spent the year exploring the plant re-
sources of Southwestern Asia. Among the large
number of interesting things he has secured is a
variety of alfalfa from Erivan, which is said
to be longer lived than the Turkestan; a species
of Medicago from an altitude of over 4000 feet,
which is already being utilized in the work of
creating new hybrid alfalfa for the Northwest; a
wild almond from the Zarafshan Valley, found
growing on the dry mountain sides at an alti-
tude of 6000 feet; a drought-resistant cherry for
home gardens in the Northwest; and a collection
of apricots with sweet kernels from Samarkand;
the Afghasian apple and special varieties of pears
for trial in the Gulf States; some remarkable
olives, which have withstood zero temperatures
and still borne good crops of fruit; late and early
varieties of Caucasian peaches for trial in the
Southwest; seeds collected in the Caucasus from
wild plants of the true Paradise apple, which is
used as a dwarf stock for the purpose of obtaining
seedlings not infected with crown gall; scions of
a newly produced crab apple, reported to be a
better keeper than American crab apples; the
Slew Abrikose, a variety of apricot with a skin
as smooth as that of a nectarine; a remarkable
drought-resistant poplar for the Middle West;
and a wild strawberry, fruiting at the end of
February on the dry calcareous cliffs of the Cau-
casus.
Into
An abundance of
bloom is always in the
hardy garden from the
time the Iris flowers
until—
$10.00
Hardy
Garden
There are 129 very fine per-
ennials, many new and some
favorite roots, all in good flower-
ing size. There is $13.00 worth
at least in this group.
We know that no collection could
surpass this one at the same price.
This collection will very nicely plant
175 square feet.?
ro
4 Sweet Williams
4 Silver King Iris
4 Josephine lris
5 Hee Phlox;
5 English Larkspur
3 Dahlias (assorted)
4 Purple Cone Flowers
4 Hardy Asters
5 Dwarf Variegated Grass
5 Hardy Chrysanthemums
3 Bronze Day Lily
3 Evening Primroses
3 Pink Starwort
5 Bellflowers (assorted)
4 Yellow Coreopsis
3 Scarlet Bergamot
3 Blue Baptisia
4 Scotch Pinks
3 New Red Helenium
4 Blue Day Lily
3 Stokes’ Asters
4 White Perennial Spirza
4 Blue Speedwell
3 Thermopsis Caroliana
4 Hardy Corn Flowers
10 Sisyrinchium—Blue-eyed Grass
1 Mallow Marvel, 2 year (giveample room)
2 Double Pzeonies (mixed colors)
20 Groff’s Hybrid Gladioli (mixed)
Thomas Meehan
Germantown
PHILADELPHIA,
Plenty of Flowers
from Spring ’til Fall
The owner of a well-selected collection of perennials
secures pleasure from a constant supply of blossoms, from
early Spring until late Autumn.
At the same time they are the result of little care and
continue from year to year to give increasing returns with
only the initial cost. Where perennials were grown by the
hundreds ten years ago they are now raised by the thousands.
In all America there is not a better all-round collection than
ours and few to equal it.
our famous Hardy Garden Collections go the
best we grow, selected to give a variety of color and bloom, over as
broad a season as possible.
made up, but at the price offered are decidedly reasonable.
Let us have your orders early—you'll be better pleased with
plants set out in advance of any growth.
These collections are not only carefully
$5.00 Hardy Garden
Into this collection go 56 of our choicest perennials and
ots, of good size and sure to produce satisfactory results
this season.
Take this collection and buy the plants anywhere, and
for the same quality in selection and stock you would pay
at least 20 per cent more.
Here is a selection, judge yourself of its value:
2 Old-fashioned Hardy Chrysanthemums.
2 Double Pzeonies (mixed colors)
2 Hardy Yellow Coreopsis
3 Blue Speedwell
3 Sweet William (mixed colors)
3 Silver King Iris or Flag
4 Hardy Phlox
2 Dahlias (assorted colors)
10 Gladioli (mixed colors)
2 Hardy Aster Tataricus
3 Purple Cone Flowers
10 Dwarf Variegated Grass
3 Single Mixed Hollyhocks
2 New Red Helenium
3 Improved English Larkspur
2 Bellflowers
& Sons
PA.
—the hardy Chrysanthemums defy Jack Fr
in the Autumn.
ost |
Meehans’ Mallow Marvels ~
| Meecha.
| & +Garder |
| MreC€etim-
OCTOBER 1910
=a Are the richest and best
creation of the century. Not |
another novelty or introduc- |
tion for years equals the Mal- _
low Marvels in value or pop- |
|
i:
ularity. They amaze all by
their sterling qualities.
One salesman last year
said he sold them to every
customer who came into the
store without any effort. © rnomas MEEHAN & sons
Everyone recognizes how —_ cemmanrows 7 “hnuiaoeoma. vs
far superior they are to al [_
other Perennials for creating
/ distinct striking effects.
Do you know them >
a Have you seen their won-
. derful blooms?
Blossoms 8 to over 10 inches in diameter in crimson,
rich blood red, and soft, pleasing shades of pink, per-
fectly hardy, will grow in almost any good soil and
are almost exempt from disease and insects.
Order some this Spring, you'll get results right
away—in August, and what is more, you'll be
pleased.
Get them from us—we are the originators
and you are sure of getting the genuine
plant.
Big two year roots in shades of
red, pink or crimson, 75c each.
10 for $ 6.00
50 for 25.00
Extra sized roots—will
produce extra large
bushes, $1.00 each
10 for $ 7.50
50 for 32.50
ae
Here is a
paper for the
Amateur Gardener
You need net be in the least acquainted
with plants or horticultural topics to get
real help and value from
‘“Meehans’
Garden Bulletin’”’
It talks to you in a practical, easy, understandable way, ex-
cluding technical terms and phrases. It gets down to “bed
rock”’ facts, and you are enlightened to an extent not reached by
the average garden publication.
Monthly there appear such articles at the following :
“Tying the House to the Grounds.”
“‘Screening the Unsightly.”
“The Old-Fashioned Garden.”
‘““The Combination of Herbaceous Plants with Shrubs.”
“Practical Talk on Roses.”
“What Vines to Plant and Why.”
“Notes by a Landscape Expert.”
Why not have such a real, helpful guide at hand each month and keep posted on the
best and most up-to-date horticultural information.
“Meehans’ Garden Bulletin” mailed monthly, for one year for 50 cents. It is
a clean, up-to-date paper with no objectionable advertising within its pages.
Why not sit down and send in your subscription at once ?
Special Combination Offers
Do you intend ordering some Mallow Marvels this Spring> You should have
them on your grounds to get a show in August.
If you do order and would like to receive the “ Garden Bulletin” for one year at
the same time, grasp the following special offers:
1 Two year Root of Mallow Marvels $] 00 3 Mallow Marvels (3 colors) $9 50
1 Year Subscription “Garden Bulletin” : 5
1 Year Subscription “Garden Bulletin”
THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS
Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa.
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