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Historic,  archived  document 


Do  not  assume  content  reflects  current 
scientific  knowledge,  policies,  or  practices. 


ic  MAR  30 m 

Ui  S.  l)epadaiigDt^4||i 


tdPPENISH 


Complete  Descriptive  Catalogue 

YAKIMA  VALLEY 


NURSERY  CO. 

TOPPENISH  • WASHINGTON 


FRUIT,  NUT,  SHADE 
AND  ORNAMENTAL  TREES 


Small  Fruits,  Roses,  Ornamental 
Shrubs,  Climbing  Fines,  Etc. 


THE  NURSERY  OF  EXCELLENT  QUALITY 


Yakima  Valley  Nursery  Co.,  Toppenish,  Washington 


Every  one  should  plant  some  roses  or  other  orna- 
mental shrubs  or  vines.  In  this  busy  commercial 
age  we  too  often  lose  sight  of  the  fact  that  a few 
dollars  invested  in  beautifying  the  grounds  bring  in  large 
returns  in  comfort  and  happiness.  Beautiful  flowers  and 
shrubs  rest  the  eye  and  are  always  a source  of  enjoyment. 
By  the  judicious  use  of  a few  climbing  vines  or  flowers  at 
slight  expense  one  can  transform  unsightly  places  into 
beauty  spots. 

Our  collection,  as  shown  in  the  succeeding  pages,  com- 
prises the  best  varieties  which  are  adapted  to  the  different 
localities  in  the  Northwest. 

Money  used  in  beautifying  the  home  and  surroundings 
cannot  be  considered  unwisely  spent,  but  an  investment 
that  will  add  largely  to  property  value. 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


A Word  About  Ourselves 
and  Our  Stock 

This  issue  of  our  catalogue,  showing  as  it  does  our 
complete  line,  revised  up  to  date,  is  placed  in  your 
hands  with  the  hope  that  it  will  be  useful  to  you.  Our 
business  has  increased  from  a small  beginning  until  today 
there  is  hardly  a state  west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  where 
our  stock  has  not  been  shipped,  and  scarcely  a locality 
in  this  great  Northwest  but  what  can  testify  to  the  high 
quality  of  our  stock. 

Quality  and  Service 

This  is  the  secret  of  our  success  and  the  keynote  of  our 
endeavor.  At  the  very  outset  we  realized  that  the  field  was 
somewhat  crowded  and  in  order  to  gain  a foothold  we  would 
have  to  grow  and  deliver  mighty  fine  trees.  Our  success 
and  the  many  unsolicited  letters  of  praise  we  have  received 
from  customers  is  the  best  evidence  that  our  trees  do  please. 
We  could  not  have  increased  our  sales  each  year  as  we  have 
done  had  we  not  followed  this  policy  of  endeavoring  to 
give  absolute  satisfaction  to  every  customer.  Our  methods 
of  square  dealing  and  liberal  treatment  have  served  to 
increase  our  business  wonderfully.  New  customers  may 
feel  assured  of  the  same  fair  and  honorable  treatment. 

Location  Important 

Chief  among  the  reasons  for  our  success  in  raising  first- 
class  trees  in  our  ideal  location  on  the  Yakima  Indian 
Reservation  in  the  famous  Yakima  Valley.  After  carefully 
looking  the  country  over  for  a location,  the  Yakima  Valley 
was  decided  upon  on  account  of  the  splendid  climate, 
central  location  and  good  soil,  and  the  Yakima  Indian 
Reservation  was  chosen  as  the  best  part  of  the  Valley, 
for  it  offered  advantages  along  this  line  not  to  be  found 
elsewhere. 

This  reservation  has  been  cultivated  only  a few  years, 
having  been  planted  mostly  to  alfalfa,  with  no  neighboring 
orchards,  hence  we  have  no  pests  or  diseases  to  bother  our 
trees.  However,  we  are  fully  equipped  with  the  proper 
materials  and  necessary  apparatus  to  eradicate  them  should 
they  put  in  an  appearance.  The  soil  is  deep  and  rich, 

iii 


Yakima  Valley  Nursery  Co.,  Toppenish,  Washington 


THREE-YEAR-OLD  JONATHAN 

Note  the  abundant  crop  on  this  young  tree.  What  a splendid  return  on  the 
investment.  It  pays  to  plant  our  thrifty,  well-rooted  stock 

consisting  mostly  of  volcanic  ash  mingled  with  silt,  the 
latter  deposited  by  the  waters  in  ages  past.  This  is  under- 
laid by  a gravelly  subsoil,  thus  insuring  perfect  drainage. 

We  Irrigate 

Then,  too,  we  irrigate.  The  advantages  gained  in  doing 
so  are  obvious.  It  enables  us  to  give  the  stock  all  the  mois- 
ture needed  and  just  when  needed,  without  depriving  the 
tree  of  the  warm  sunshine  so  essential^to  its|best  growth. 
It  also  enables  the  tree  to  keep  growing  all  during  the  grow- 
ing season,  unlike  conditions  in  the  non-irrigated  sections 
where  the  tree’s  growth  is  frequently  checked  in  mid- 
summer on  account  of  lack  of  moisture  when  it  is  most 
needed. 

Our  Climate  Matures  Stock  Perfectly 

Not  having  the  fall  rains  to  contend  with,  as  in  non- 
irrigated  sections,  our  stock  is  perfectly  matured.  This  is 
an  important  item,  for  no  tree  can  make  a good  growth 
unless  the  sap  is  down  and  the  tree  is  dormant  when  dug. 

iv 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


The  fall  rains  in  non-irrigated  sections  quite  frequently 
keep  the  sap  up  and  the  wood  fiber  softened  till  long  past 
digging  time,  consequently  the  vitality  of  the  tree  is 
impaired  to  a great  extent.  With  us  our  late  seasons,  dry 
climate  and  irrigation,  this  trouble  is  eliminated. 

And  Cultivate 

Notwithstanding  these  unequaled  natural  factors  of 
good  growth — the  richest  of  soil  well  drained,  and  a long 
growing  season  with  moisture  under  control — we  do  not 
depend  on  them  alone  for  results.  Intelligent  cooperation 
with  nature  is  necessary,  so  all  during  the  growing  season 
we  keep  up  a continuous  cultivation,  loosening  up  the  soil 
and  giving  the  fine,  fibrous  roots,  which  act  as  feeders, 
every  chance  to  spread  and  grow.  This  results  in  a vigorous, 
healthy  tree  with  a root  system  which  can  be  equaled 
nowhere  else. 

Stock  Well  Packed 

However,  merely  growing  a good  tree  does  not  constitute 
a success  in  this  business.  The  tree  has  to  reach  the  planter 
in  good  condition  or  else  our  work  and  skill  go  for  naught. 
In  our  large  storage  and  packing  houses  located  in  Top- 
penish,  the  same  careful  attention  to  detail  which  marks 
all  our  work  is  observed.  We  use  a system  of  packing  which 
places  the  tree  in  the  planter’s  hands  in  practically  the 
same  condition  as  when  it  leaves  us.  Large  or  small  orders 
are  packed  with  equal  care,  and  we  can  assure  our  customers 
that  our  stock  will  reach  them  in  prime  condition. 

Type  of  Tree  We  Propagate 

We  grow  both  the  piece-root  graft,  which  is  a one-year 
top  on  a two-year  root,  and  the  budded  tree.  The  seedlings 
are  grown  here  on  the  Reservation,  are  clean  and  strictly 
first  class.  For  the  piece  root  grafted  tree,  they  are  dug  in 
the  fall,  and  during  the  winter  we  secure  our  scions  from 
bearing  orchards  and  dove-tail  or  graft  them  into  pieces 
of  this  seedling  root  about  six  or  eight  inches  long.  In  the 
spring  they  are  planted,  and  dug  and  delivered  in  the  fall. 
This  type  of  tree  is  a straight,  unbranched  whip  and  is 
preferred  by  the  majority  of  commercial  planters  because 
they  can  cut  it  back  to  the  required  height  and  shape  the 
head  to  suit  themselves. 


V 


Yakima  Valley  Nursery  Co.,  Toppenish,  Washington 


In  growing  the  budded  tree  the  seedling  is  not  dug.  It 
grows  all  one  season,  and  then  the  following  summer  we 
make  a slit  in  the  bark  of  the  stalk  near  the  ground  and 
insert  a bud  secured  from  bearing  trees.  This  is  then 

wrapped  with  raffia, 
and  when  in  a few 
weeks  the  bud  be- 
comes “set”  the 
raffia  is  cut.  The  bud 
remains  dormant 
until  the  following 
spring  and  then 
starts  growing.  The 
seedling  top  is  then 
cut  off  above  the  bud 
so  all  the  sap  goes 
into  it.  This  makes 
a fine  big  tree  by  fall, 
though  it  has  more 
branches  on  than  the 
piece  root  graft.  By 
many  this  is  called  the  “whole  root”  tree.  Technically  speak- 
ing, however,  no  one  can  deliver  to  you  a whole  root  tree,  for 
to  do  so  each  tree  would  have  to  be  dug  with  a spade,  and  the 
cost  of  this  would,  of  course,  be  great.  All  trees,  whether 
piece  root  grafts  or  buds,  are  dug  with  a U-shaped  digger 
set  at  about  the  same  depth.  Both  types  are  standard  trees, 
and  grown  in  our  rich  mellow  soil  with  the  care  we  give, 
develop  a magnificent  root  system. 

Reasons  Why 

Briefly  summed  up,  the  reasons  of  our  success  are: 
Abundance  of  sunshine,  rich  soil,  moisture  under  control, 
an  ideal  location  isolated  from  all  possible  sources  of  con- 
tamination, and  intelligently  directed  effort,  all  combined 
with  a desire  to  treat  everybody  squarely  and  give  every- 
one full  value  for  his  money. 

We  use  great  care  in  the  budding,  grafting  and  field 
work,  and  in  the  selection  of  our  scions,  all  of  which  are 
obtained  from  bearing  trees.  All  departments  of  our  work 
are  in  charge  of  experts  in  their  line,  and,  owing  to  the  way 
our  work  is  systematized,  the  minimum  of  mistakes  occur. 

The  superiority  of  our  stock  is  the  result  of  intelligently 
directed  effort  and  not  the  work  of  chance. 


VI 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


It  may  seem  to  some  that  in  raising  nursery  stock  we 
are  over-anxious  about  details.  Michael  Angelo  was  once 
correcting  a small  detail  of  one  of  his  masterpieces  when  an 
onlooker  said,  “But  that  is  only  a trifle.”  “Yes,”  answered 
the  artist,  “but  trifles  make  perfection,  and  perfection  is 
no  trifle.” 

Get  the  Best;  It’s  Cheapest 

We  desire  to  again  thank  our  many  customers  and 
friends  for  their  support  and  patronage,  and  will  state  that 
owing  to  our  increased  facilities  we  are  in  a better  position 
than  ever  before  to  give  that  satisfaction  which  is  the 
foundation  of  our  success. 

Be  sure  to  get  the  best  when  planting,  for  you  have  to 
wait  so  long  before  securing  returns  from  trees  that  you 
cannot  afford  to  do  otherwise. 

Remember,  we  must  please  you  or  we  both  lose  money. 

Yours  for  a greater  and  better  year, 

Yakima  Valley  Nursery  Company 

Toppenish,  Washington 

“I  have  canvassed  this  same  territory  about  ten  times  and  have  never 
sold  to  a man  once  that  I haven’t  been  able  to  repeat  with  an  increase  in 
the  amount  of  the  order.  Next  year  will  be  the  biggest  yet.” — W.  G. 
Mosher,  Kooskia,  Idaho. 

‘‘Last  year  I was  County  Tree  Inspector  and  had  occasion  to  see  your 
shipments  of  trees  sent  in  here  and  I was  well  pleased  with  them.” — Otto 
M.  Forry,  R.  D.  2,  Grand  Junction,  Colorado. 

‘‘We  have  not  as  yet  placed  our  order  and  in  view  of  the  fact  that  the 
trees  received  from  you  this  year  were  in  such  excellent  shape,  we  very 
much  desire  to  patronize  those  we  know  supply  the  best.” — G.  R.  Nation, 
Modesro,  Calif. 


WHEN  TO  SPRAY  FOR  CODLIN  MOTH 
Not  yet,  calyx  closed  Spray  now,  calyx  open  Too  late,  egg  laid 


Vll 


Yakima  Valley  Nursery  Co.,  Toppenish,  Washington 


Instructions  in  Ordering 

1.  Order  early  in  the  season  and  then  you  will  be  sure 
of  getting  what  you  want.  By  waiting  till  just  before  ship- 
ping time  we  may  be  out  of  some  varieties  you  desire. 

2.  In  sending  a list  of  stock  wanted,  use  a separate  sheet 
of  paper  from  the  letter,  or  the  blank  pages  at  the  back  of 
this  catalogue.  Write  all  orders  plainly  that  no  mistakes 
may  occur. 

3.  Give  definite  shipping  instructions.  If  you  live  off 
the  railroad  be  sure  to  state  your  shipping  point.  Where  no 
directions  are  given  we  use  our  best  judgment. 

4.  All  orders  under  $10  must  be  accompanied  by 
cash.  Over  $10  half  cash  with  order,  balance  on  receipt 
of  goods. 

5.  In  selecting  stock  ascertain  from  your  neighbors 
what  varieties  do  best  in  your  locality.  Best  results  are 
secured  by  planting  only  those  varieties  which  are  par- 
ticularly adapted  to  your  climate,  altitude,  etc. 

6.  Upon  receipt  of  your  stock,  check  same  over  care- 
fully with  your  order,  and  in  case  of  error  notify  us  at  once 
that  we  may  rectify  it. 


SALESMEN  WANTED 

We  have  some  good  openings  for  salesmen,  and 
to  those  interested  we  should  be  glad  to  explain  our 
proposition.  We  are  always  in  need  of  live,  energetic 
men,  and  if  you  can  devote  your  time  to  the  work,  we 
want  you  to  write  us. 


viii 


Apple  grafts  in  midsummer 


Fruit  Department 

Apples 

Apples  are  probably  the  most  important  fruit.  They  thrive  on  any 
well-drained  soil,  and  by  making  a judicious  selection  of  varieties  one 
may  have  fresh  fruit  nearly  the  year  around.  There  is  no  farm  crop, 
which,  on  the  average,  will  produce  one-fourth  the  income  per  acre  of 
a good  Apple  orchard.  If  your  land  is  adapted  to  fruit-growing,  plant 
Apples  and  other  fruits  and  be  independent. 

Our  well-rooted,  thoroughly  matured,  healthy,  hardy  trees 
are  guaranteed  to  give  satisfaction 

Every  farm  should  have  enough  of  the  early,  medium,  and  late 
varieties  for  home  use  and  some  to  spare. 

Soil  and  Location.  The  best  soil  for  the  Apple  is  a deep,  rich  loam, 
well-drained,  which  will  permit  full  root-extension  and  development  and 
is  free  from  stagnation.  No  tr^e  will  thrive  with  its  “feet  in  water." 
Extremely  light  soils  are  to  be  avoided. 

Pruning  and  Shaping  the  Tree.  A hard  and  fast  rule  cannot  be  made 
for  different  varieties  which  differ  in  their  habits  of  growth  and  require 
different  treatment.  The  Washington  State  College  summarizes: 

!‘The  best  place  to  study  pruning  is  in  the  most  productive  orchards 
in  the  community.  Study  there  the  system  of  pruning  that  has  been 
practised  on  the  best  and  most  satisfactory  producing  trees.  Become 
acquainted  with  the  habits  of  growth  of  the  different  varieties  and  the 
form  of  the  tree  at  different  ages.  Adopt  a system  of  tree  development 
that  has  given  satisfactory  results  in  your  community  in  the  quantity 
and  quality  of  fruit  produced.  Systems  or  pruning  recommended  by 
fruit-growers  from  different  sections  than  yours  may  not  be  at  all 
satisfactory  in  your  district.  A system  once  adopted  and  established 
should  not  be  changed  except  for  very  good  reasons.” 

The  following  general  rules  will  be  helpful  and  can  be  followed  with 
safety.  They  are  the  result  of  long  experience  over  a wide  territory. 

Cutting  Back.  As  soon  as  planted,  cut  back  to  a straight  stock  about 
3 feet  high.  This  should  determine  the  height  of  the  trunk.  The  upper 
buds  left  will  usually  be  the  ones  to  produce  the  branches  that  will  form 
the  permanent  framework  of  the  head.  These  branches  should  be  dis- 
tributed through  a space  of  at  least  12  inches  downward  from  the  top. 
Branches  that  are  only  3 or  4 inches  apart  on  the  young  tree  will  be 
too  close  together  by  the  time  they  are  4 or  6 inches  in  diameter. 

First  Winter.  The  following  winter  trim  back  all  branches  at  least 
one-half,  pruning  for  the  first  two  years  to  an  outside  bud.  Thin  out 
the  top  where  the  number  of  branches  growing  is  so  great  as  to  cause 
the  limbs  that  are  more  or  less  permanent  to  be  slender.  Small  side 
shoots  should  not  be  removed  because  of  their  value  in  developing 
and  making  more  stocky  the  main  branches  to  which  they  are  attached. 

Second  Winter.  Beginning  with  the  second  winter,  pruning  should  be 
mostly  corrective  in  its  character.  Prune  out  wood  where  none  is 

1 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


wanted  and  correct  faulty  distribution  of  branches.  The  main  business 
of  the  tree  during  the  period  of  development  before  heavy  fruit  produc- 
begins  is  to  produce  wood,  or  to  grow,  and  for  this  purpose  an 
abundance  of  foliage  and  small  twigs  are  necessary.  However,  all 
branches  that  interfere  with  the  framework  should  be  removed. 

Later  Pruning.^  From  the  time  of  the  second  winter’s  pruning  until 
fruit  production  is  established,  pruning  should  be  done  with  the  idea 
of  training  to  the  adopted  system  more  than  modifying  growth.  Most 
of  the  work  should  be  done  in  the  winter,  but  constant  attention  through- 
out the  year  is  necessary  to  have  the  trees  make  the  most  rapid  per- 
manent progress.  The  tops  should  be  open  enough  to  let  a little  of  the 
direct  rays  of  the  sun  reach  the  ground  beneath.  Cutting  back  the  tips 
of  the  branches  makes  them  sturdier;  the  fruit  is  carried  nearer  the 
trunk,  and  little  propping  is  necessary,  though  the  crop  be  heavy. 

Apple  Industry  Becoming  Stabilized.  Apple-growers  in  commer- 
cial orchard  districts  are  “getting  down  to  brass  tacks.’’  They  are 
marketing  their  fruit  in  a scientific  manner  and  securing  the  maximum 
returns.  The  orchards  of  Europe  are  in  a badly  run  down  condition, 
and  Europe  will  take  all  our  surplus  Apples  for  years  to  come  at  a good 
price.  Modern  storage  facilities  are  being  provided  in  marketing  and 
growing  centers  to  prevent  glutting  the  market.  Ask  any  real  up-to-date 
grower  how  he  views  the  future.  He’s  an  optimist  of  the  first  water. 


Apples  for  Different  Elevations 

The  tabulation  below  is  the  result  of  information  secured  from  the 
Washington  State  College  at  Pullman  and  other  reliable  sources,  and 
will  be  a valuable  guide  for  the  beginner.  In  any  case,  before  making 
extensive  plantings  be  sure  to  make  thorough  local  inquiry  and  select 
varieties  which  have  proven  best  adapted  to  your  particular  locality. 


VARIETY 


West  of  Inland 
Cascades  Valleys 


Inland 

Uplands 


Alexander 

Arkansas  Black  . . . 

Baldwin 

Bellflower,  Yellow  . . 

Bismarck 

Black  Ben  Davis  (Gano) 

Delicious 

Duchess  of  Oldenburg 

Early  Harvest 

Fameuse  (Snow)  ... 

Gravenstein 

Grimes  Golden 

Jonathan 

King 

McIntosh 

Mottinger 

Newtown  Pippin  . . . . 
Northern  Spy 
Northwest  Greening  . . 
Oregon  Red  Winter . . . 

Rainier 

Red  Astrachan 

Red  Gravenstein  . . . . 

Red  June 

Red  Rome  Beauty  . . . 
Rhode  Island  Greening  . 

Rome  Beauty 

Spitz  enburg 

Taiman’s  Sweet  . . . . 

Wagener 

Wealthy 

White  Winter  Pearmain  . 

Winesap 

Winter  Banana 

Wolf  River 

Yellow  Transparent  . . . 

Transcendent 

Whitney’s 

Yellow  Siberian  .... 


X 

X 

X 


X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 
X 
X ■ 

X 


X 

X 


X 

X 

X 

X 

X 


X 


X 


X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 


X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 


X 


X 

X 

X 

X 

X 


X 

X 


X 

X 


X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 


X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 


2 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


When  an  Apple  Is  Ready  for  Use 

The  following  article  by  Prof.  W.  S.  Thornber,  formerly  of  the 
Washington  State  College,  will  be  of  great  value  in  indicating  the  chief 
merits  of  the  staple  varieties  of  Apples,  and  when  they  are  ready  for  use. 

Ripening  seasons  vary  for  any  given  variety  according  to  altitude, 
temperature,  and  soil.  For  example,  a Jonathan  grown  in  a low,  warm 
valley  on  sandy  soil  will  be  past  its  prime  before  _ December  i,  while 
one  from  a higher  altitude  on  clay  loam  may  be  at  its  best  for  the  holi- 
day trade  or  even  later. 

Another  factor  rarely  taken  into  consideration  is  that  long  before  an 
Apple  is  ready  for  eating  it  may  be  at  its  best  for  cooking  and  baking, 
and  when  it  is  ready  for  eating  it  may  be  too  ripe  for  the  best  cooking. 

The  Rome  Beauty  is  now  recognized  as  the  very  best  baking  Apple, 
particularly  the  large-sized  fruits,  and  it  is  now  being  extensively  used 
by  the  best  cafes  and  hotels  for  that  purpose.  The  Arkansas  Black  is 
another  excellent  baking  Apple. 


VARIETY 

Season 

Condition 

Dessert 

Sauce 

Baking 

Yel.  Transparent  . 

Aug.,  Sept. 

Unripe 

Good 

Excellent 

Poor 

Ripe 

Excellent 

Good 

Poor 

Duchess 

Aug.-Oct. 

Unripe 

Poor 

Excellent 

Poor 

Ripe 

Excellent 

Good 

Good 

McIntosh  Red  . . 

Sept.,  Oct. 

Unripe 

Good 

Excellent 

Good 

Ripe 

Excellent 

Good 

Poor 

Winter  Banana  ! . 

Oct. -Dec. 

Unripe 

Good 

Poor 

Poor 

Ripe 

Excellent 

Poor 

Poor 

Delicious  .... 

Oct.,  Nov. 

Unripe 

Good 

Good 

Poor 

Ripe 

Excellent 

Poor 

Poor 

Jonathan  .... 

Nov.,  Dec. 

Unripe 

Good 

Excellent 

Good 

Ripe 

Excellent 

Good 

Poor 

Grimes  Golden  . . 

Nov.-Feb. 

Unripe 

Poor 

Excellent 

Good 

Ripe 

Excellent 

Good 

Poor 

Stayman 

Dec.-Feb. 

Unripe 

Poor 

Excellent 

Good 

Ripe 

Excellent 

Good 

Poor 

Spitzenberg  . . . 

Dec.-Jan. 

Unripe 

Good 

Excellent 

Excellent 

Ripe 

Excellent 

Excellent 

Good 

White  Winter  Pear- 

Dec.-Mar. 

Unripe 

Poor 

Good 

Good 

main  

Ripe 

Excellent 

Poor 

Poor 

Rome  Beauty  . . . 

Dec.-Apr. 

Unripe 

Poor 

Excellent 

Excellent 

Ripe 

Good 

Good 

Good 

Yellow  Newtown  . 

Feb. -May 

Unripe 

Good 

Excellent 

Excellent 

Ripe 

Excellent 

Excellent 

Good 

Winesap  (common) 

Feb.-Apr. 

Unripe 

Good 

Excellent 

Excellent 

Ripe 

Excellent 

Good 

Good 

Wagener 

Feb. -May 

Unripe 

Poor 

Excellent 

Excellent 

Ripe 

Good 

Good 

Poor 

Arkansas  Black  . . 

Feb.-May 

Unripe 

Poor 

Excellent 

Excellent 

Ripe 

Poor 

Poor 

Good 

Ben  Davis  .... 

Feb.-May 

Unripe 

Poor  ■ 

Good 

Good 

Ripe 

Poor 

Poor 

Poor 

Dates  for  Picking  and  Consumption 
of  Apples 

The  following  tables  were  compiled  by  Charles  L.  Hamilton,  for  the 
Yakima  Valley  Fruit  Growers’  Association,  and  show  the  dates  W pick- 
ing and  dates  when  the  Apples  are  ripe  for  consumption.  This  informa- 
tion is  secured  from  Lowther’s  Encyclopedia  of  Practical  Horticulture. 
Of  course,  climatic  and  soil  conditions  vary  so  that  these  dates  will  not 
apply  in  all  sections.  However,  relative  time  of  ripening  of  one  variety 
compared  with  the  other  is  the  same  in  all  districts  so  that  one  can  easily 
ascertain  in  his  own  district  the  approximate  time  for  picking  and  the 
ripening  period.  Apples  grown  in  a higher  altitude  will  keep  longer 
than  those  grown  in  a lower  altitude. 

SEE  NEXT  PAGE  FOR  TABLE 

3 


EARLY  APPLES 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


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4 


.AB-APPLES  Date  for  Picking  Size  Color 

Siberian  Yellow . Aug.  16  to  Sept.  3-  Small.  Yellow  blushed. 

Transcendent.  / July  26  to  Aug.  22.  Medium.  Yellow  blushed. 

Whitney July  31  to  Aug.  22.  Very  large.  Yellow,  red  striped. 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


Duchess  of  Oldenburg 


Summer  Apples 

Early  Harvest.  Yellow;  medium  to  large.  Good  quality.  Very  hardy. 

Mottinger.  New.  Very  large;  greenish  yellow,  streaked  with  red 
when  fully  ripe.  Ready  for  use  early  July  just  after  Yellow  Transparent. 
Season  extends  seven  or  eight  weeks,  by  which  time  it  attains  its  fullest 
size. 

RED  ASTRACHAN.  Yellowish  red,  somewhat  striped;  medium  to 
large.  Very  early.  Excellent  cooker  before  fully  ripe.  Very  hardy. 

RedJune.  Deep  red;  small.  Subacid  flavor;  good  eating;  flesh  tender. 

YELLOW  TRANSPARENT.  Greenish  yellow.  First  summer  Apple 
on  market,  and  best  of  all  early  varieties.  Excellent  keeper  and  shipper 
for  a summer  variety.  Have  been  shipped  from  here  to  St.  Paul,  Minn., 
arriving  in  fine  condition.  In  early  fruit  districts  often  nets  the  grower 
more  than  winter  varieties.  Tree  vigorous  grower,  heavy  bearer. 
Thrives  under  all  conditions;  absolutely  hardy.  Should  be  planted  by 
everyone  for  all  surplus  Apples  find  a ready  sale. 

Autumn  Varieties 

Alexander.  Large;  red  or  striped.  Coarse  texture;  good  cooker. 
Extremely  hardy  and  vigorous. 

DUCHESS  OF  OLDENBURG.  Medium  size;  streaked  red  and 
yellow.  Flesh  white  and  juicy.  ^ Extra-good  quality.  Very  hardy. 

Fameuse  (Snow).  Medium  size;  whitish  ground,  striped  with  deep 
red.  In  its  season  one  of  the  most  desirable  dessert  Apples.  Very  beau- 
tiful. Flesh  white,  tender.  Very  hardy. 

GRAVENSTEIN.  Large;  orange-yellow  overlaid  with  broken  stripes 
of  light  and  dark  red.  Has  no  superior  for  cooking  or  eating.  Crop 
ripens  continuously  over  a period  of  several  weeks,  necessitating  three 
or  four  pickings.  Very  productive. 

KING.  Large  and  handsome;  striped  red  and  yellow.  Very  produc- 
tive. One  of  the  best  late  fall  Apples  for  west  of  Cascades.  Excellent 
for  cooking  and  eating. 

RED  GRAVENSTEIN.  Large;  has  all  the  good  qualities  of  the 
regular  Gravenstein,  but  has  a bright  red  coat,  making  it  a more  desir- 
able market  variety,  for  a red  Apple  is  always  the  best  seller.  One  of 
the  large  orchardists  near  Walla  Walla  states  he  makes  more  money 
from  his  15  acres  of  this  variety  than  any  similar  area  of  other  varieties 
in  his  orchard.  This  is  a sport  from  the  old  Gravenstein  but  comes 
a bsolutely  true  to  type  when  propagated  by  grafting. 


5 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


Delicious  Apple 


Winter  Apples 

These  are  the  late-keeping  varieties,  many  of  them  keeping  until 
spring  in  common  cellar  storage  and  some  until  midsummer.  Most  of 
them  keep  quite  late  if  put  in  cold  storage.  As  a general  rule,  Apples 
grown  in  the  higher  elevations  are  the  best  keepers. 

Arkansas  Black.  Large ; deeply  colored  reddish  black ; very  beautiful 
and  attractive.  Fine  keeper  and  shipper.  Fair  eating  but  good  cooking 
and  good  market  variety.  April  and  May. 

Baldwin.  Large;  red.  Juicy;  crisp;  subacid.  Vigorous  grower;  very 
productive.  Excellent  for  west  of  Cascades.  December  and  January. 

Bellflower,  Yellow.  Large;  yellow.  Flesh  tender,  juicy,  and  good. 
December  and  January. 

Bismarck.  Large;  yellowish  red.  Flesh  tender.  Bears  very  young. 

Black  Ben  Davis  (Gano).  Deep  red.  Vigorous.  Very  hardy.  Good. 

DELICIOUS.  Large;  dark,  brilliant  red.  One  of  the  best  of  the  new 
introductions.  Seems  to  thrive  in  all  sections,  highlands  or  lowlands. 
Needs  plenty  of  sunshine  to  color  well.  Flesh  crisp,  fine-grained,  juicy; 
flavor  slightly  acid  but  very  pleasing.  Vigorous  grower.  December  to 
January. 

GRIMES  GOLDEN.  The  winter-evening  Apple.  Extra  good ; excel- 
lent flavor;  medium  to  large.  Vigorous  grower.  Very  hardy.  January 
to  March. 

JONATHAN.  Justly  famous  as  an  extra-good  eating  Apple.  Med- 
ium size;  brilliant  red.  Highly  flavored;  juicy;  fine-grained;  tender; 
mild  subacid.  November,  December. 

MclNTOSH.  Medium  to  large;  bright,  deep  red.  Flesh  white,  juicy, 
acid.  Heavy  bearer.  Extra  good.  Suitable  for  high  elevations.  Hardy. 

Newtown  Pippin.  Large;  yellowish  green.  Very  juicy;  crisp;  deli- 
ciously flavored.  Excellent  quality;  long  keeper.  Rather  late  in  coming 
into  bearing. 


6 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


One  of  our  three-year-old  Wagner  Apple  Trees.  A splendid  example  of 
the  profit  in  planting  our  guaranteed  stock.  Such  trees  are  worth  any  rea- 
sonable price,  but  cheap,  inferior  stock  would  be  dear  as  a gift.] 

WINTER  APPLES,  continued 

Northern  Spy.  Large;  roundish,  slightly  conical,  somewhat  ribbed; 
striped,  with  the  sunny  side  nearly  covered  with  purplish  red.  Flesh 
white  and  tender;  mild  subacid,  rich  and  delicious  flavor;  in  perfection 
in  January  and  keeps  till  June.  The  tree  is  a strong,  upright  grower,  and 
forms  a very  compact  head;  should  be  kept  open  by  pruning,  so  as  to 
admit  the  air  and  light  freely. 

Northwestern  Greening.  Large;  yellow;  richly  flavored.  Very 
hardy. 

OREGON  RED  WINTER.  Large;  red.  Sometimes  called  the  Winter 
Gravenstein.  Fine-grained,  crisp,  and  juicy. 

RAINIER.  One  of  the  very  best  of  recent  introductions.  Originated 
in  Yakima  Valley.  Large;  skin  yellowish  green  underneath,  with  an 
over-coloring  of  dark  red,  slightly  streaked.  Flesh  yellowish,  with  prac- 
tically no  grain;  mild  flavored,  slightly  subacid,  with  a pleasing  aroma. 
Extra-long  keeper,  keeping  in  common  storage  until  April  and  in  cold 
storage  until  October.  Good  to  eat  from  January  on.  Mr.  W.  W.  Scott, 
the  originator,  has  a number  of  these  trees,  and  every  year  has  topped 
the  market  with  this  variety.  Mr.  F.  Eberle,  manager  of  the  Yakima 
County  Horticultural  Union,  states  that  he  considers  it  superior  to 
any  other  variety.  You  won’t  make  a mistake  in  trying  this.  We  are 
selling  this  under  an  exclusive  contract  with  the  propagators  of  this  apple. 

RED  ROME  BEAUTY.  A sport  of  the  regular  Rome  Beauty,  but 
different  in  that  it  is  a brilliant,  beautiful  red,  making  it  a highly  desir- 
able market  variety.  Don’t  overlook  this  if  you  consider  planting  Rome 
Beauty. 

Rhode  Island  Greening.  Large;  greenish  yellow;  tender,  juicy,  and 
rich ; strong  grower.  Very  good.  December  to  April. 

7 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


Winesap  in  full  bearing 
WINTER  APPLES,  continued 

ROME  BEAUTY.  Large;  yellowish  red;  tender,  juicy,  sub-acid. 
Probably  one  of  the  best  market  varieties  and  planted  over  an  extensive 
area.  An  early  and  heavy  bearer  and  the  best  baking  Apple,  being  used 
for  this  purpose  by  the  large  hotels  for  the  fancy  trade.  December  to 
April. 

SPITZENBURG.  Medium  to  large;  deep  red.  Flesh  yellow,  crisp, 
subacid,  highly  flavored,  and  extra  good.  Shy  bearer.  November  to 
February. 

Talman’s  Sweet.  Medium  size;  pale  yellow;  firm,  sweet,  and  rich. 
November  to  April. 

WAGENER.  Medium  to  large;  deep  red;  sub-acid;  very  productive. 
Does  well  in  higher  altitudes.  December  to  May. 

WEALTHY.  Medium  size;  red;  sub-acid;  excellent.  Very  hardy. 
October  to  January. 

WHITE  WINTER  PEARMAIN.  Large;  roundish,  oblong,  conic; 
pale  yellow,  extra  high  flavor.  One  of  the  best.  Ranks  with  the  Wine- 
sap  and  Jonathan  as  a commercial  sort.  Ships  well  and  is  a fine  looker. 
December  to  January. 

WINESAP.  Medium;  dark  red.  One  of  most  popular  Apples  in 
America.  Succeeds  almost  everywhere,  though  in  higher  altitudes  is 
inclined  to  be  small.  Bears  early,  heavily,  and  regularly,  and  is  one  of 
the  most  profitable  Apples  to  plant.  It  has  the  reputation  and  a ready 
sale  for  it  can  always  be  found.  Probably  unsurpassed  for  cooking,  and 
is  a first-class  eating  Apple  as  well.  Good  keeper  and  first  class  in  every 
way.  March  and  April. 

Winesap,  Stayman’s.  Similar  to  Winesap,  but  much  larger  and 
somewhat  juicier.  Better  for  high  elevations  on  account  of  its  size. 
Aromatic  and  good.  Dark  red  tinged  with  yellow;  medium  size.  Regular 
and  abundant  bearer.  December  to  April. 

WINTER  BANANA.  Large;  yellow  with  reddish  cheek;  perfect  in 
form;  fine  grained  and  of  highest  quality.  November  to  April. 

Wolf  River.  Large;  handsome  red.  Flesh  white  and  of  exceedingly 
fine  quality.  Extra  hardy.  December  to  January. 

8 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


Crab-Apples 

These  are  specially  adapted  to  extremely  cold  sections  where  only  a 
few  varieties  of  Apples  can  be  successfully  grown,  but  they  succeed 
equally  well  in  all  sections.  Valuable  for  cider,  preserving,  jelly,  and 
some  of  the  improved  sorts  are  excellent  for  eating.  They  are  all  very 
productive. 

Red  Siberian.  Very  large;  extra  good. 

TRANSCENDENT.  Remarkably  vigorous;  immensely  productive. 
Good  for  cooking  and  eating.  Skin  yellow,  striped  with  red;  very  good. 

Whitney’s.  Large;  glossy  green,  striped  and  splashed  with  red. 
Heavy  bearer.  Tree  vigorous  and  handsome. 

Yellow  Siberian.  Beautiful  golden  yellow.  Very  good. 

E.  W.  Squires,  near  Toppenish,  sold  $45  worth  of  Crab-Apples  from  one 
tree  in  his  back  yard  last  season 

Pears 

The  Pear  has  long  been  regarded  as  one  of  the  most  luscious  of  fruits. 
Next  to  the  apple  it  is  probably  the  most  popular.  Fine  flavor,  relia- 
bility, profit,  long  life,  and  general  quality  make  the  Pear  a staple  fruit. 
Excellent  for  dessert  and  culinary  purposes,  either  fresh  or  canned, 
the  Pear  is  considered  a great  acquisition  and  should  be  included  in 
every  planting. 

Harvesting  Pears.  It  is  very  important  that  Pears  be  gathered  at 
the  right  time.  Summer  Pears  should  be  gathered  at  least  ten  days  be- 
fore they  are  ripe  and  autumn  Pears  at  least  two  weeks  before.  Winter 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


The  Sawyer  method  of  pruning.  Note  the  shape  of  the  Pear  trees. 
They  spread  out  like  an  apple  tree  and  carry  their  heavy  load  easily 


PEARS,  continued 

varieties  may  be  left  until  the  leaves  begin  to  fall,  then  placed  in  a 
cool,  dry  cellar. 

Soil.  Heavy  loams  or  clay  soil  are  better  than  the  lighter  soils,  and 
while  they  can  stand  more  moisture  than  some  other  fruits,  yet  the 
soil  should  be  well  drained.  Where  irrigation  is  practised  they  should  not 
be  watered  as  late  as  apples.  Try  to  get  them  dormant  early  in  the  fall. 

Pruning.  Pears  require  special  pruning  on  account  of  the  tendency 
of  their  branches  to  grow  straight  up.  By  proper  pruning  one  can  have 
Pear  trees  almost  as  round-headed  as  an  apple  tree.  The  Pear  orchard 
of  W.  P.  Sawyer,  one  of  the  most  successful  Pear-growers  in  the  Yakima 
Valley,  is  a splendid  example  of  this  method  of  pruning.  Each  winter 
cut  back  the  previous  season’s  growth  to  two  or  three  buds,  the  end 
bud  being  an  outside  bud.  It  makes  the  branches  grow  outward  instead 
of  upward  and  also  makes  them  thick  and  stocky,  enabling  them  to 
carry  a full  load  without  the  use  of  props.  Cut  out  inside  branches  also 
which  interfere  with  circulation  of  air  and  proper  sunlight  reaching 
the  interior  of  the  tree. 

Prices.  Pears  have  brought  an  unusually  high  price  the  past  few 
seasons,  some  of  the  canneries  paying  as  high  as  |8o  per  ton.  While  a 
great  many  Pear  trees  are  being  planted  annually,  yet  for  some  years 
the  supply  has  not  kept  pace  with  the  demand,  and  on  account  of  the 
shortage  of  Pear  seed  and  Pear  seedlings  there  will  undoubtedly  be  a 
shortage  of  trees  for  the  next  few  years. 

Summer  Varieties 

BARTLETT.  Large;  beautiful  golden  colored.  Flesh  buttery,  very 
juicy  and  highly  flavored.  One  of  the  finest  Pears  that  grows  for  dessert 
or  culinary  purposes.  In  great  demand  for  the  fresh  fruit  market  and 
by  the  canneries  as  well,  thus  assuring  one  of  a ready  market  at  all  times. 
Strong  grower;  heavy  bearer.  Should  be  included  in  every  home 
orchard  or  on  every  city  lot. 

Clapp’s  Favorite.  Large;  fine;  pale  lemon-yellow. 

Autumn  Varieties 

BUERRE  BOSC.  Large;  fine;  with  long  neck.  Juicy  and  delicious. 
Excellent  for  home  canning.  Coming  in  later  than  Bartlett  it  should  be 
in  every  home  orchard  collection. 

BUERRE  D’ANJOU.  Large;  fine;  buttery  and  melting.  Fine  grower 
and  good  bearer.  Extra  good. 

Comice.  Large;  yellowish  red.  Melting,  rich. 

Flemish  Beauty.  Large;  juicy,  melting,  rich,  and  fine.  Strong  grower 
and  good  bearer. 


10 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


AUTUMN  PEARS,  continued 

Idaho.  Large;  light  yellow.  Flesh  white.  Very  good. 

Kieffer.  Seldom  blights.  Great  favorite  in  the  East.  Richly 
colored. 

Seckel.  Small;  rich,  yellowish  brown.  Productive.  Rich,  pleasing 
flavor.  Fine  for  preserving  and  pickling. 

Worden-Seckel.  Lemon-yellow;  smooth,  waxy.  Keeps  well.  Hardy. 

W inter  Varieties 

DEMOREST.  New.  Originated  at  Tacoma.  Larger,  later,  and 
better  keeper  than  Bartlett.  Very  luscious  and  rich.  Highly  flavored 
and  good. 

WINTER  BARTLETT.  Much  like  summer  Bartlett,  only  later  and 
better  keeper.  Very  good. 

WINTER  NELLIS.  Small;  yellowish  green  and  inclined  to  russet. 
Fine-grained,  delicious,  rich  and  extra  fine.  Enormously  productive; 
very  hardy  and  a profitable  variety  to  plant. 


Pear-Picking  Time  in  the  Yakima  Valley 

The  picking-time  at  Yakima  for  the  varieties  mentioned  below  ranges 
about  as  follows: 


Bartlett  .... 
Buerre  d’Anjou 
Clapp’s  Favorite 
Comice  . . . . 

Flemish  Beauty 

Idaho 

Kieffer  . . . . 

Seckel  . . . . 

Winter  Nellis  . 

Winter  Bartlett 


July  30  to  Sept.  12 
Sept.  10  to  20 
July  24  to  Aug.  13 
Sept.  10  to  18 
Aug.  3 to  Sept.  I 
Sept.  16  to  28 
Sept.  21  to  Oct.  2 
Sept.  12  to  28 
Sept.  28  to  Oct.  15 
Sept.  28  to  Oct.  9 


Pear  Varieties  for  Different  Sections 


VARIETY 

Western  Ore.  or 
Western  Wash. 

Inland 

Valleys 

Inland 

Uplands 

Bartlett 

Buerre  Bose 

X 

X 

X 

X 

Buerre  d’Anjou 

X 

X 

X 

Clapp’s  Favorite 

X 

X 

Demorest 

X 

X 

Comice 

X 

X 

X 

Duchesse  d’Angouleme 

Flemish  Beauty  . 

X 

X 

X 

Idaho 

X 

X 

Kieffer 

Koonce 

X 

X 

X 

Seckel 

X 

X 

Winter  Bartlett 

X 

X 

Winter  Nellis 

Worden-Seckel 

X 

X 

X 

Cross  Pollination 

It  has  been  definitely  established  that  certain  varieties  are  sterile  or 
partially  sterile  and  need  to  be  cross-pollenized  with  some  other  variety 
which  blooms  at  the  same  time. 

The  Bose  should  not  be  crossed  with  the  Bartlett,  as  the  fruit  so 
crossed  is  apt  to  be  small  and  misshapen,  but  when  crossed  with  Comice 
is  large  and  fine.  Bartlett  and  Anjou  do  well  together.  The  Winter 
Nellis  and  Comice  also  do  splendidly  together.  The  Bose  seems  to  do 
well  with  all  varieties  except  the  Bartlett. 

11 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


' Cherries 

There  are  few  more  desirable  fruits  than  Cherries,  and  they  can  be 
grown  for  the  market  with  great  profit.  Prices  the  last  few  years  have 
been  very  high,  and  the  outlook  for  a higher  price  is  very  bright.  Sweet 
Cherries  are  scarcer  than  any  other  and  from  the  seedling  outlook  will 
be  for  years.  The  desirable  sorts  for  canning  purposes,  such  as  the 
Montmorency,  etc.,  are  very  heavy  bearers  and  are  highly  profitable. 

Soil.  Cherries  do  better  in  light  rather  than  heavy  soil. 

Pruning.  Cut  back  to  24  inches  at  planting.  Allow  three  or  four 
branches  to  grow  for  the  head  or  framework.  These  should  be  dis- 
tributed so  as  to  prevent  forks,  for  the  tree  has  a tendency  to  split  when 
older.  The  first  winter  after  planting  cut  back  these  framework  branches 
at  least  one-half,  and  the  following  winter  cut  off  all  branches  from 
these  framework  branches  except  one  or  two  on  each.  The  next  year 
shorten  in  the  new  growth  about  half.  Keep  this  method  of  pruning 
until  the  fifth  year,  allowing  enough  branches  to  properly  shade  the 
trunk,  which  is  quite  essential  with  the  Cherry.  After  that  severe 
pruning  is  not  so  essential,  yet  it  must  be  done  enough  to  promote  fruit- 
spurs  the  length  of  every  limb. 

All  varieties  listed  are  quite  hardy  except  the  sweets  which,  however, 
do  quite  well  here  in  the  Yakima  Valley  and  similar  locations.  The 
others  are  hardy  anywhere. 

BING.  Very  large;  blackish  purple.  Very  solid  and  of  highest  quality. 
The  standard  market  and  shipping  variety.  Sweet. 

Black  Republican.  Fruit  very  large;  shining  black.  Firm  and  good. 
Sweet. 

Black  Tartarian.  Very  large;  purplish  black;  juicy  and  fine.  Sweet. 

Centennial.  Seedling  of  Royal  Ann.  Larger.  Sweet  and  good. 

*Early  Richmond.  Medium  size;  dark  red  when  fully  ripe.  Very 
juicy  and  acid.  Known  as  the  “Pie  Cherry.” 

*English  Morello.  Medium  size;  dark  red;  juicy,  acid. 

LAMBERT.  Largest,  richest,  blackest  Cherry  known.  Extra  good. 
Flesh  very  firm,  dark  red  and  rich.  Sweet. 

*Late  Duke.  Large;  light  red;  late  and  fine. 

*May  Duke.  Large;  very  early;  semi-sweet.  Juicy  and  fine.  Ripens 
here  about  June  15. 

♦MONTMORENCY,  LARGE.  Large; 
red;  early;  juicy,  acid.  Very  fine.  In  great 
demand  by  the  canneries  who  will  contract 
at  high  prices  for  a term  of  years. 

♦Ostheime.  Very  hardy.  Fruit  large, 
dark  red.  Acid. 

ROYAL  ANN.  Magnificent,  large, 
pale  yellow  fruit,  with  bright  red  cheek. 

Flesh  firm,  juicy,  and  sweet.  One  of  the 
best. 

Waterhouse.  In  general 
the  Waterhouse  resembles  the 
Royal  Ann,  but  is  slightly 
smaller  and  has  a long  stem. 

Same  color  and  practically 
the^  same  shape.  Ripening 
period  the  same.  Has  proven 
to  be  the  best  pollenizer  for 
either  Bing,  Lambert,  or  Royal  Ann. 

Heavy  bearer^  and  good  quality, 
bringing  practically  same  price  on 
market  as  Royal  Ann. 

Windsor.  Large;  purplish  black. 

Hardy. 

Varieties  starred  (*)  are  the  Dukes 
and  Morellos,  or  acid  sorts,  and  are 

perfectly  hardy  ^nywhere.  Bing  Cherries 


12 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


Maynard  Plums 


Plums 


Plums  have  not  been  planted  as  extensively  as  they  deserve.  They 
are  excellent  to  fill  out  the  list  of  varieties  for  home  use  and  are  hardy, 
abundant  bearers  and  quite  free  from  disease.^  The  Japanese  type  of 
Plums,  are  highly  flavored  and  are  rapidly  winning  favor.  Not  as  hardy 
as  the  American  types,  but  most  of  them  thrive  where  peaches  grow. 

Pruning.  Same  general  rule  as  for  cherries. 

Abundance.  One  of  the  best  of  the  Japanese  types.  Rapid  grower; 
healthy;  medium  size;  rich,  bright  cherry  red;  fruit  very  large  and  good. 

Burbank.  Vigorous  grower;  very  large;  yellowish  ground  with  red 
cheek. 

Damson.  Small;  oval;  purple;  rather  tart.  In  demand  by  canneries. 

Diamond.  Wonderful  grower ; heavy,  regular  producer ; large ; oblong ; 
dark,  purplish  red.  Good  shipper. 

Grand  Duke.  Extra  large;  heavy  and  early  bearer.  Dark  purple; 
flesh  greenish  yellow,  juicy,  firm  and  sweet.  Plant  as  a pollenizer  for 
Tragedy. 

Green  Gage.  Small ; extra  good.  Very  hardy. 

Kelsey.  Japanese.  Very  large;  rich  reddish  purple  on  yellow  ground. 
Tree  a prolific  and  early  bearer;  very  largely  planted  for  shipping  East. 
The  largest  of  all  Plums. 

MAYNARD.  One  of  the  very  best  of  Burbank’s  introductions.  Very 
large;  nearly  round;  rich  crimson-purple.  Tree  hardy,  vigorous,  and 
productive.  Flesh  firm,  even  when  dead  ripe,  but  melting  and  juicy. 
Extra  good. 

Moore’s  Arctic.  Very  hardy;  abundant  bearer;  bluish  purple. 

Peach.  Very  large  and  handsome;  red;  fine  quality. 

Red  June.  Japan  type.  Medium  size;  deep  red.  Flesh  light  lemon- 
yellow.  Very  good. 

Reine  Claude.  Large;  greenish  yellow;  juicy;  sweet. 

Satsuma.  Japanese  Blood  Plum.  Red  flesh ; small  stone.  Good. 

Wickson.  Sturdy,  upright  grower;  very  productive;  deep  red.  Flesh 
firm,  sugary,  and  fine. 

Yellow  Egg.  Very  large;  hardy  and  productive. 


Prunes 


To  such  proportions  has  the  Prune  industry  grown  in  recent  years  that 
Prunes  are  now  classed  as  one  of  the  most  important  crops  on  the  Pacific 
Coast.  Along  the  Coast,  in  the  rain-belt,  they  are  raised  for  drying,  but 
in  the  interior  they  are  shipped  fresh,  commanding  high  prices  and 
returning  to  orchardists  more  net  money  per  acre  than  almost  any 
other  fruit. 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


Italian  prune  orchard  in  bloom  giving  promise  of  an  abundant  harvest. 
This  is  a very  profitable  variety  in  the  Northwest 


PRUNES,  continued 

FRENCH  (Petite).  D.  The  small,  sweet  Prune,  so  extensively 
planted  in  California  for  drying  purposes.  Juicy,  sugary,  rich,  and 
sweet.  Immense  bearer. 

HUNGARIAN  (Pond’s  Seedling  Plum).  D.  Very  large;  dark  red. 
Juicy,  sweet.  Fine  shipping  variety  and  heavy  bearer. 

Imperial  Epineuse.  D.  Large;  light  purple;  thick  skin;  sweet 
and  of  high  flavor.  Highly  esteemed  in  California.  Always  commands 
the  highest  market  prices. 

ITALIAN.  The  Prune  of  commerce  here  in  the  Northwest.  Planted 
extensively  for  drying  or  shipping  green.  Medium;  oval;  purple;  juicy, 
sweet  and  delicious.  Heavy  and  regular  bearer. 

Liberty  (German).  D.  Large;  long;  oval;  dark  purple.  Good. 

Silver.  D.  Very  large;  late;  productive.  Good. 

STANDARD.  Recent  Burbank  introduction.  Without  doubt  best 
fresh  shipping  Prune  grown.  Larger  than  Italian,  but  with  smaller 
stone.  Unusually  good  shipper.  Excellent  flavor.  Blooms  with  Italian 
and  ripens  with  Tragedy,  making  it  safe  from  spring  frosts  and  very 
profitable  as  an  early  market  variety.  Produces  ja.  heavy  crop  each 
year. 

SUGAR.  Burbank  introduction.  Ripens  month  earlier  than  French. 
Almost  one-fourth  sugar.  Very  heavy  drier.  Extra  good.  Fine  shipper 
and  very  productive. 

Tragedy.  Very  early;  medium  size;  dark  purple.  Flesh  yellowish  green, 
very  rich  and  good.  F or  early  districts  this  is  a valuable  shipping  variety. 


When  to  Pick  Plums  and  Prunes  in  the  YakimaV alley 


The  following  tabulations,  taken  from  Lowther’s  “Encyclopedia  of 
Practical  Horticulture,”  and  other  reliable  sources,  is,  of  course,  general, 
as  seasons  vary,  but  the  dates  may  be  considered  approximately  correct. 
The  period  of  ripening  is  for  Yakima  and  the  upper  valley. 


Abundance  . . 
Burbank  . . . 
Damson  . . . 
French  (Petite) 
Green  Gage.  . 
Hungarian  . . 
Italian  Prune  . 
Peach  Plum.  . 
Red  June  . . . 
Silver  Prune 
Standard  Prune 
Tragedy  Prune 
Yellow  Egg  . . 


Aug.  9 
Aug.  23 
Aug.  31 

Aug.  30  to  Sept.  12 
Aug.  17  to  Sept.  12 
Aug.  17  to  Sept.  12 
Aug.  26  to  Sept.  12 
July  20  to  Aug.  3 
July  20 

Aug.  19  to  Sept.  12 
Aug.  5 to  10 
Aug.  3 to  9 
Aug.  23 


14 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


Elberta  Peach 

Peaches 

One  of  the  most  luscious  of  all  fruits,  ripening  over  a long  season,  and 
adapted  to  a wide  range  of  territory.  Peaches  are  all  borne  on  wood  of 
the  previous  season’s  growth,  and  this  makes  it  absolutely  necessary  to 
prune  the  trees  early,  to  remove  dead  branches,  to  let  in  light  and  air, 
and  to  keep  the  trees  in  good  shape  to  produce  bearing  wood.  In  prun- 
ing the  Peach  keep  in  mind  its  tendency  to  produce  only  on  the  upper 
branches  and  try  to  overcome  that  by  distributing  fruit-spurs  the 
length  of  the  limbs.  Prune  very  severely  the  first  year,  cutting  back 
about  one-third,  distributing  the  laterals  along  the  entire  length  of  the 
branches  about  6 or  8 inches  apart  and  shortened  to  promote  bearing. 
F.  denotes  freestones,  S-C.,  semi-cling,  and  C.,  clingstones. 

Admiral  Dewey  (Triumph).  F.  Deep  orange-yellow,  with  red 
cheek.  Flesh  clear  ^^ellow.  Very  early. 

Alexander.  C.  \’ery  early;  medium  size;  greenish  white. 

Bokhara.  F.  Russan  variety.  Extremely  hardy;  beautiful  yellow, 
red  cheek.  Good. 

Carman.  F.  Wry  large;  creamy  white;  early;  productive. 

Champion.  F.  Hardy ; large;  creamy  white,  with  red  cheek.  Flavor 
exquisite.  Very  good. 

CRAWFORD’S  EARLY.  F.  Large;  yellow;  excellent.  Standard 
early  Peach.  Productive. 

Crawford’s  Late.  F.  Large;  vigorous  grower;  productive;  yellow; 
extra  good  late  variety. 

Crosby.  F.  An  iron-clad  Peach;  medium  size;  orange-yellow;  sweet; 
very  good. 

ELBERTA.  F.  Extra  large;  bright  yellow.;  flesh  yellow,  juicy,  sweet. 
Fruit  very  showy.  One  of  the  best  market  varieties.  Grown  more  than 
any  other  Peach  in  the  Northwest. 

Everbearing.  F.  Ripens  over  period  of  several  weeks.  Creamy  white, 
red  veins;  juicy. 


15 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


PEACHES,  continued 

Foster.  F.  Large;  deep  orange-red;  early;  very  good. 

Hale’s  Early.  S-C.  Medium  size;  greenish  white;  good. 

J.  H.  Hale.  F.  One  of  the  best  Peaches  introduced  in  recent  years. 
Yellow;  very  large;  quality  unusually  good.  Very  firm,  making  it  an 
excellent  shipper.  Colors  about  ten  days  before  ripening,  thus  enabling 
one  to  put  it  on  the  market  looking  at  its  best,  yet  firm  enough  to  hold 
up  well.  Best  shipping  Peach  known.  Excellent  home  canner.  During 
summer  1920,  following  the  30°  below  zero  weather  December,  1919, 
the  J.  H.  Hale  bore  heavier  and  was  less  affected  by  the  cold  than  any 
other  variety  in  the  Yakima  Valley. 

Muir  (Malta).  F.  Large;  pale  yellow.  Best  for  drying. 

Perfection.  F.  Very  large;  yellow;  hardy;  late. 

PHILLIPS’  CLING.  C.  Very  large;  yellow.  Extra  good  for  com- 
mercial canning.  Late. 

Salway.  F.  Very  large;  deep  yellow;  excellent  flavor;  fine  for  home 
canning.  Late. 

SLAPPY.  F.  Large;  rich,  deep  yellow;  very  firm;  productive;  good 
shipper;  fine  for  home  canning.  Early. 

TUSCAN  CLING.  C.  Very  large;  yellow.^  Much  sought  by  com- 
mercial canners.  Extra  good;  rich.  Earliest  cling. 


Average  Dates  for  Picking  Peaches  in 

Admiral  Dewey 

Alexander 

Carman 

Champion 

Crosby  

Crawford’s  Early 

Crawford’s  Late 

Elberta 

Foster 

Hale’s  Early 

J.  H.  Hale 

Perfection 

Phillip’s  Cling 

Salway 

Slappy  

Tuscan  Cling 


Yakima  ValJey 

July  24  to  Aug.  10 
July  16  to  Aug.  16 
July  30  to  Aug.  28 
Aug.  6 to  30 
Aug.  26 

Aug.  9 to  Sept.  9 
Aug.  23 

Aug.  18  to  Sept.  28 
Aug.  18 

July  16  to  Aug.  16 

Aug.  13 

Aug.  28 

Sept.  5 

Sept.  20 

Aug.  6 to  28 

Aug.  10 


16 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


Moorpark  Wenatchee  Apricots 


Apricots 

Beautiful  and  delicious.  As  hardy  as  the  peach,  and  should  be  in 
every  home  orchard.  The  Blenheim  and  Tilton  are  the  two  best  varieties 
for  the  home  and  commercial  canning,  while  the  Wenatchee  Moorpark, 
and  Tilton  are  the  best  for  shipping  fresh.  The  Apricot  is  a rapid 
grower  and  an  early  and  heavy  bearer.  It  grows  to  perfection  in  the 
Wenatchee  and  Yakima  Valleys  and  around  The  Dalles,  Ore. 

Pruning.  Because  so  many  are  not  familiar  with  the  Apricot,  we 
give  below  pruning  instructions  of  Prof.  E.  J.  Wickson,  Professor  of 
Horticulture  of  the  University  of  California.  He  says: 

“The  Apricot  tree  bears  upon  old  spurs,  like  the  plum;  also  upon  the  new 
wood,  like  the  peach.  This  fact  has  to  be  borne  in  mind  when  winter  thin- 
ning of  the  new  growth  is  undertaken.  When  planting,  cut  back  to  i8  inches 
from  the  ground,  trimming  off  all  branches  and  leaving  a single  stem.  The 
tree  will  throw  out  shoots  vigorously,  and  frequently  two  or  three  shoots  from 
one  point.  These  shoots  should  be  thinned  out,  leaving  no  more  than  four 
or  five,  no  two  of  which  should  come  from  one  point,  nor  be  directly  opposite. 
The  first  shoot  should  start  12  inches  from  the  ground,  the  others  in  such  a 
manner  as  to  divide  the  space  and  make  the  branches  balance,  leaving  the 
top  shoot  to  form  the  central  part  of  the  tree.  It  will  be  necessary  to  go  over 
the  trees  several  times  the  first  year  to  remove  shoots  that  may  start  where 
not  wanted.  The  second  year  cut  back  the  first  season’s  growth  to  within 
5 to  10  inches  of  the  body  of  the  tree,  and  all  forks  should  be  cut  out,  even 
if  it  necessitates  forming  a new  head,  as  it  is  much  better  to  lose  some  growth 
on  a young  tree  than  to  take  the  risk  of  splitting  down  when  the  tree  begins 
to  bear  fruit.  The  second  year  will  require  much  more  attention  than  the 
first  year,  in  order  to  keep  off  suckers  and  all  lateral  growth  that  may  start 
on  the  under  side  of  the  new  limbs.  In  pruning  for  the  third  year  the  second 
year’s  growth  should  now  be  cut  back  to  within  15  to  20  inches  of  the  old 
wood,  except  the  central  stem,  which  may  be  left  24  to  30  inches  long,  depend- 
ing on  the  number  of  laterals  it  may  have  thrown  out.  During  the  third 
season’s  growth  go  over  the  trees  about  three  times  before  July  to  remove 
suckers  and  lateral  growth  that  may  start  on  the  lower  side  of  limbs.  The 
only  pruning  necessary  the  following  year  will  be  to  take  out  any  cross  limbs 
and  sprouts  that  may  have  been  overlooked  the  previous  summer." 

Thinning.  The  Apricot  tends  to  overbear,  consequently,  though  hand 
thinning  is  an  expensive  operation,  the  free-fruiting  varieties  must  be 
vigorously  thinned  if  they  are  to  be  profitable. 

Alexis.  Very  hardy;  immense  bearer;  fruit  large;  flecked  with  red; 
sweet  and  delicious.  July. 


17 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


APRICOTS,  continued 

BLENHEIM.  Large;  oval;  flesh  full  to  the  pit,  yellow,  rich  and  juicy; 
ripens  evenly  and  soon  after  the  Royal.  Regular  and  prolific  bearer; 
good  shipping,  drying  and  canning  variety. 

MOORPARK,  WENATCHEE.  An  improvement  over  regular  Moor- 
park. Very  large;  beautiful  yellow.  Ripens  before  the  Alexander  peach. 
Blooms  eight  or  ten  days  earlier  than  peaches.  Extra-good  quality; 
splendid  shipper.  Begins  bearing  at  three  years  of  age. 

Royal.  Large;  oval,  slightly  compressed;  yellow,  with  orange 
cheek  faintly  tinged  with  red;  flesh  pale  orange,  firm  and  juicy;  very 
productive. 

TILTON.  Medium  size.  Excellent  flavor.  On  account  of  ripening 
its  crop  at  one  time,  and  its  rich  color  and  heavy  productiveness,  it 
is  very  profitable.  Very  often  sets  a crop  the  second  year.  One  of  the 
best  for  canning,  drying,  or  shipping.  Very  hardy.  Has  borne  fruit 
when  other  Cots  and  peaches  were  frozen  and  the  blossoms  killed. 

Average  Dates  for  Picking  Apricots  in  Yakima  Valley 

Blenheim July  23 

Moorpark,  Wenatchee July  12 

Royal July  15  to  Aug.  3 

Tilton July  24  to  July  30 


Nectarines 

A most  delicious,  smooth-skinned  fruit,  which  thrives  wherever 
peaches  will  grow.  Excellent  for  preserves  or  eating  raw.  Every  home 
orchard  should  have  a few  trees.  The  Nectarine  is  practically  the  same 
as  the  peach,  so  the  same  cultural  and  pruning  directions  will  apply. 

Boston.  Large;  handsome;  deep  yellow  with  a bright  blush.  Flesh 
yellow;  sweet. 

Lord  Napier.  Large;  cream  color;  dark  red  cheek.  July. 

New  White.  Large;  white;  tender;  very  juicy.  August. 


Quinces 


Quinces  are  of  late  attracting  a great  deal  of  attention  as  a market 
fruit.  They  always  command  a good  price  in  the  markets,  and,  as  they 

yield  abundantly,  are  a very 
profitable  tree  to  plant. 
Especially  desirable  for  jellies 
or  preserves.  A certain  kind 
of  blight  attacks  Quince 
trees,  which,  if  left  alone, 
will  kill  them,  but  this  can 
be  controlled  by  cutting  away 
the  diseased  portions.  Don’t 
fail  to  have  at  least  one  or 
two  Quince  trees  in  the  home 
orchard. 


Champion.  Very  large; 
cooks  as  tender  as  an  apple. 


Orange  (Apple).  Large; 
bright  golden  yellow.  Good. 


PINEAPPLE.  Originated 
by  Luther  Burbank.  The 
name  comes  from  the  flavor 
which  is  suggestive  of  the 
pineapple.  Excellent  whether 
eaten  raw  or  cooked. 


Champion  Quince 


18 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


Concord  Grape 

Small  Fruits 

Small  fruits,  rhubarb,  asparagus,  etc.,  are  so  easily  grown  and  require 
so  little  room  that  no  home  should  be  without  a sufficiency  for  table 
and  canning  use.  On  the  farm  one  usually  has  ground  to  plant  enough 
for  home  use  and  some  to  sell,  but  in  the  cities  the  average  home-owner 
is  too  often  apt  to  overlook  the  possibilities  of  back-yard  gardening, 
thereby  missing  the  joys  of  growing  and  eating  fruit  fresh  picked,  than 
which  there  is  none  better,  and  there  is  usually  a ready  market  for  all 
the  surplus  fruit. 

Both  farmer  and  fruit-grower  should  plant  liberally  of  small  fruits  to 
bring  in  “early  money.”  The  fruit  canneries  are  anxious  to  contract 
for  all  the  fruit  that  can  be  grown  in  their  vicinity.  In  small  fruits  the 
first  to  ripen  is  the  Gooseberry,  next  Strawberry,  then  Red  Raspberry, 
Loganberry,  Currant,  and  Blackberries,  all  of  which  are  profitable. 
The  possibilities  here  should  not  be  overlooked. 

Grapes 

Grapes  are  the  most  beautiful  of  all  fruits  and  are  most  highly  esteemed 
for  many  uses.  They  can  be  grown  by  any  one  who  has  even  so  little 
as  a square  foot  of  ground  and  a wall.  Confined  to  a stake,  bound  to  a 
trellis,  trained  over  an  arbor,  or  extended  until  the  vines  cover  a large 
tree  or  building,  they  yield  their  graceful  clusters  and  luscious,  bloom- 
ing bunches  of  fruit  and  give  extraordinary  results.  No  other  woody 
fruit,  not  even  the  apple,  can  be  grown  in  so  extensive  a territory, 
upon  such  a variety  of  soils,  begin  to  bear  so  soon,  and  continue  for  so 
many  years,  or  supply  fresh  fruit  for  so  long  a season  in  such  a wealth 
of  colors  and  flavors,  or  whose  surplus  can  be  handled  in  such  a variety 
of  ways.  Don’t  delay  but  plant  this  year  and  have  plenty  of  fruit  next 
year.  The  American  varieties  are  hardy  practically  everywhere,  but 
the  European  varieties  are  tender,  and  here  in  the  North  can  only  be 
grown  in  certain  parts  of  the  Wenatchee  and  Yakima  Valleys  and  along 
the  Columbia  River. 

Distance.  In  setting  out  vines,  the  character  and  strength  of  the  soil 
is  an  important  point  to  be  considered.  Eight  by  8 feet  is  a popular 
distance. 

Soils.  Good  Grapes  may  be  grown  on  any  soil — sandy,  clay,  loamy, 
etc.,  that  is  not  too  shallow  or  too  filled  with  alkali.  The  soil  must  be 
well  drained.  Hillsides  unsuitable  for  other  crops  are  good  places  for 
Grapes. 

Pruning.  Annual  and  careful  pruning  is  essential  to  the  production 
of  good  Grapes.  The  pruning  should  be  done  between  November  and 

19 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


GRAPES,  continued 

March,  while  the  vines  are  entirely  dormant,  to  avoid  excessive  bleed- 
ing. During  the  first  season  only  one  or  two  of  the  strongest  shoots 
should  be  allowed  to  grow.  These  should  be  tied  to  stakes  about  6 feet 
long  above  the  ground.  The  following  winter  cut  off  all  shoots  but  the 
best  and  cut  it  back  leaving  only  two  buds.  This  causes  all  the  energy 
of  the  plant  to  go  into  the  few  shoots  that  develop  from  these  buds.  At 
the  beginning  of  the  second  year  cut  back  to  one  shoot,  or  two,  if  the 
vine  is  a vigorous  grower.  Each  succeeding  year  cut  back  vigorously, 
shortening  in  the  shoots,  leaving  a few  buds  on  each. 


American  Varieties  (Hardy) 

Brighton.  Red.  Ripens  earlier  than  Delaware.  Rich,  sweet,  fine 
quality.  Hardy. 

CAMPBELL’S  EARLY.  Black.  Strong,  hardy,  vigorous  growth; 
thick,  heavy,  perfectly  healthy  foliage.  Large;  glossy  black,  with  a 
beautiful  blue  bloom;  sweet  and  juicy;  seeds  small.  Good  keeper. 
Extra-good  quality.  Ripens  a week  before  Concord. 

CONCORD.  Black.  The  standard  of  excellence.  Probably  the  most 
popular  Grape  growh.  Large;  handsome;  very  hardy  and  productive. 

Delaware.  Red.  Bunches  small,  compact;  berries  small,  round; 
skin  thin,  light  red;  flesh  very  juicy,  exceedingly  sweet,  spicy. 

Moore’s  Diamond.  White.  Juicy,  sweet;  excellent;  vigorous 
grower;  prolific.  Ripens  two  weeks  before  Concord. 

Moore’s  Early.  Black.  One  of  the  best  early  black  varieties.  Ex- 
ceedingly hardy;  ripens  about  two  weeks  before  Concord. 

Niagara.  White.  Very  vigorous  and  very  prolific;  bunches  large; 
berries  large.  Quality  much  like  Concord. 

WORDEN.  Black.  Seedling  of  Concord  and  very  similar  to  it,  but 
larger  and  about  ten  days  earlier. 


Foreign  Varieties  (Tender) 

Black  Hamburg.  A fine,  tender  Grape,  producing  large,  magnificent, 
compact  bunches.  Grapes  large  and  oblong.  A great  favorite  as  a table 
Grape  because  of  the  splendid  flavor  and  good  appearance. 

Flame  Tokay.  Red.  Bunches  very  large;  berries  large;  skin  thick, 

meaty.  Very  good. 

Malaga.  White. 
Strong  grower;  very 
large;  oval;  yellow- 
ish green.  Im- 
mensely product- 
ive; one  of  the  best 
shipping  Grapes. 

^Muscat.  White. 
Bunches  long; 
berry  oval ; skin 
thick ; decided 
Muscat  flavor. 

Thom ps  on’s 
Seedless.  White. 
Small;  very  sweet 
and  seedless.  Fine 
for  drying. 


Write  us  if  you 
are  in  doubt  about 
the  fruits  best 
suited  for  your 
Grapes  are  profitable  fruits  for  small  gardens  place. 

20 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


Blackberries 


Too  many  have  neglect- 
ed the  Blackberry  on 
account  of  its  thorny 
habit  of  growth,  and  but 
few  realize  the  profit  ^ to 
be  derived  from  planting 
it.  In  recent  years  the 
canneries  have  been  un- 
able to  get  enough  Black- 
berries to  fill  their  orders 
and  consequently  have 
paid  high  prices  for  wild 
Blackberries,  the  waste 
land  along  the  Coast  con- 
taining these  berries  often 
paying  more  per  acre 
than  cultivated  farms. 

Train  on  trellises  and  you 
will  be  surprised  at  the 
amount  of  fruit  you  can 
get  from  a few  vines.  Try 
mixing  Blackberries,  Blowers'  Blackberries 

Blackcap  Raspberries,  and 

Loganberries  and  making  jelly.  You’ll  never  forget  the  delicious 
flavor. 

Distance.  Plant  in  rows  6 feet  apart,  with  plants  4 feet  apart  in  the 
rows;  for  market  use,  in  rows  8 feet  apart,  with  plants  3 feet  apart  in 
the  rows. 


The  following  varieties  are  first-class.  Not  a poor  one  in  the  lot. 

BLOWERS.  Nearly  everbearing.  Hardy;  large;  an  immense  bearer; 
extra  good. 

Evergreen.  Native  of  the  Coast.  Large;  sweet,  rich,  and  delicious. 

Himalaya  Giant.  Vigorous  grower,  canes  sometimes  reaching  30  to 
40  feet ; large ; rich ; very  prolific. 

Mammoth.  Rampant,  trailing  on  the  ground.  Enormously  produc- 
tive and  exceedingly  early.  Fruit  large. 

Mercereau.  Exceedingly  hardy.  Large;  productive.  Very  fine. 

LOGAN  HYBRID.  Excellent  for  home-gardens  as  well  as  for  mar- 
ket. No  one  needs  be  told  of  the  wonderful  progress  the  Logan  has  been 
making  in  the  last  few  years  in  the  Willamette  Valley  and  in  other 
sections  west  of  the  Cascades.  Thought  to  be  a cross  between  the 
Aughinbaugh  Blackberry  and  Red  Raspberry.  Trails  on  the  ground  like 
adewberry.  Canes  very  large,  without  the  thorns  of  the  blackberry, 
but  have  very  fine  spines.  Strong  grower  and  enormous  bearer.  Fruit 
very  large,  dark  red  when  fully  ripe.  Excellent  for  jelly,  juice,  or  jam. 
Comparatively  free  from  seeds.  Ripens  early,  before  other  berries  be- 
come plentiful. 

BURBANK’S  THORNLESS.  Medium  early  to  late,  jet  black, 
hardy,  good  size,  round;  bears  in  large  clusters  over  a long  season. 
Rampant  grower,  heavy  yielder,  fine  flavor,  sweet  and  luscious.  Good 
shipper. 

CORY’S  THORNLESS  MAMMOTH.  ^ Evidently  a sprout  from 
common  Mammoth.  Foliage  and  habit  identical  with  Mammoth. 
Occasionally  a single  branch  will  have  a few  soft  spines,  but  none  what- 
ever to  bother  in  gathering.  Fruit  immense,  long  and  large,  better 
flavor  than  Mammoth.  Hardy  anywhere.  Very  small  soft  seeds. 
Season  early. 

Special  Care  for  Thornless.  Train  on  wires  same  as  hardy  grapes, 
using  four  of  the  strongest  vines  from  each  plant.  Prune  back  annually 
same  as  grapes.  Do  not  allow  any  suckers  or  sprouts  to  accumulate  at 
base  of  plant.  Plant  5 feet  apart  in  rows  which  are  about  6 feet  apart. 

21 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


St.  Regis  Raspberries 


Dewberries 

Dewberries  are  of  unusually  fine  flavor,  but  the  berries  are  seldom 
firm  enough  for  long  shipment.  However,  for  home  use  and  nearby 
market,  they  are  much  prized.  It  is  one  of  the  most  luscious  of  the  small 
fruits  and  rapidly  growing  in  popularity. 

Austin’s  Improved.  Exceedingly  productive.  Glossy,  shining 
black;  flavor  very  fine.  Hardy. 

LUCRETIA.  Low-growing,  trailing  habit  of  growth;  very  large; 
hardy,  healthy  and  fine. 


Raspberries 

One  of  the  most  popular  of  all  cane  fruits.  Easily  grown,  productive, 
and  thriving  over  a wide  range  of  territory,  they  should  be  in  every 
garden.  One  can  have  the  red,  black,  purple,  and  yellow  varieties, 
giving  a variety  of  flavors  to  meet  every  taste.  While  the  red  Rasp- 
berries “sucker”  or  come  up  from  the  roots  and  are  inclined  to  “take 
the  place”  if  left  alone,  yet  it  is  not  much  trouble  to  keep  the  new 
growth  hoed  or  cut  off  when  it  shows  up  through  the  ground.  The 
canneries  are  unable  to  meet  the  supply  for  Raspberries  for  jam  and 
other  uses,  and  in  sections  like  the  Puyallup  Valley  in  western  Wash- 
ington the  industry  has  become  a highly  specialized  and  profitable  one. 

Plant  in  good  soil  and  manure  from  time  to  time  freely.  The  hills 
should  not  be  less  than  4 feet  apart  each  way  with  two  or  three  canes  in 
a hill.  Cut  out  the  old  and  weak  shoots  each  year,  preserving  not  over 
six  for  fruiting. 

Columbian.  Dark  reddish  purple.  Firm;  very  hardy  and  wonder- 
fully prolific. 

Cumberland.  Black.  Enormous  in  size,  far  surpassing  any  other 
sort;  very  firm.  Good  quality  and  a splendid  shipper.  Midseason. 
Bush  healthy  and  vigorous. 

CUTHBERT.  Red.  The  standard  market  sort.  Large;  conical; 
deep,  rich  crimson;  excellent  quality.  Vigorous  grower;  entirely  hardy 
and  immensely  productive. 

Golden  Queen.  Yellow.  Seedling  of  Cuthbert  but  color  of  the 
fruit  is  a rich  golden  yellow.  Flavor  of  highest  quality;  excellent  in 
every  way.  Hardy  and  productive. 

Gregg.  Black.  Good  size;  fine  quality;  very  productive  and  hardy. 
Thrives  exceptionally  well  east  of  Cascades. 

22 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


RASPBERRIES,  continued 

Herbert.  Red.  A new  variety  of^ great  merit.  Berries  large,  finely 
flavored.  * 

Munger.  Black.  Very  large;  tough  in  texture,  making  it  a good 
shipper.  Drys  well.  Better  than  any  other  black-cap  for  the  Willamette 
Valley  and  west  coast  of  Oregon  and  Washington. 

ST.  REGIS.  Red.  Everbearing.  One  of  the  most  wonderful  Rasp- 
berries ever  introduced.  Bears  the  first  year  planted  and  after  the  main 
crop  is  picked  another  crop  begins  to  ripen  in  a few  weeks,  continuing 
until  as  late  as  the  first  of  November  in  the  Yakima  Valley.  Berry  of 
fine  flavor  and  good  texture,  making  it  a fine  shipper;  very  productive 
and  strictly  first-class  in  every  way.  Does  better  if  it  receives  plenty 
of  water  when  berries  are  ripening. 


Currants 

Currants  and  gooseberries  do  better  if  grown  where  there  is  partial 
shade.  This  can  be  provided  b}^  planting  where  there  are  fruit  trees, 
along  the  north  side  of  a hedge,  or  the  north  side  of  a building  or  fence. 
A half-dozen  bushes  will  provide  enough  fruit  for  the  ordinary  family. 
They  are  easy  to  raise  and  as  everyone  likes  Currant  jelly  and  plenty  of 
it,  they  should  be  found  in  every  garden.  By  careful  tillage  and  care, 
red  varieties  should  yield  six  quarts  to  the  bush  and  the  black  varieties 
four  or  five  quarts  each. 

Soil.  The  soil  must  be  rich,  for  Currants  are  heavy  feeders. 

Distance.  Plant  4 feet  apart  each  way. 

Pruning.  After  the  bush  is  three  or  four  years  old,  cut  away  all  wood 
except  the  previous  season’s  growth. 

The  varieties  listed  below  have  proven  highly  satisfactory  for  north- 
western conditions. 

Black  Naples.  Large;  productive.  One  of  the  best  black  Currants. 

CHERRY.  Red.  Large;  deep  red;  rather  acid;  very  productive; 
excellent. 

FAY’S  PROLIFIC. 

Red.  Cross  between 
Cherry  and  Victoria.  Very 
large;  fine  flavor. 

PERFECTION.  Finest 
and  largest  Currant 
known.  Large  berries  on 
long  stem,  making  it  pos- 
sible to  pick  without 
crushing.  Fine  flavor  and 
first-class  in  every  way. 

Very  productive. 

White  Grape.  Very 
large ; yellowish  white; 
sweet  and  productive. 

Gooseberries 

A very  profitable  fruit 
not  fully  appreciated  by 
the  buying  public  because 
it  is  often  picked  too  green. 

It  returns  from  $300  to 
$500  per  acre  under 
favorable  conditions.  The 
Gooseberry  stands  in  a 
class  by  itself.  Early, 
hardy,  a good  and  unfailing 
bearer,  and  an  excellent 


Perfection  Currants 


23 


Peace  and  plenty  are  suggested  by  this  beautitul  panorama  in  the  Yakima  Valley. 

our  trees  were  planted  on  farms  shown  here  and  contributed  in 

GOOSEBERRIES,  continued 

shipper,  it  always  commands  a sure  and  profitable  market.  As  a family 
fruit  the  Gooseberry  has  special  claims.  It  is  easy  to  grow  anywhere, 
except  in  warm  climates,  and  is  wonderfully  hardy.  With  ordinary  good 
care  it  will  yield  annually  for  ten  or  fifteen  years.  It  is  highly  productive, 
a well-grown,  well-managed  bush,  yielding  four  to  eight  quarts.  Don’t 
make  the  mistake  of  picking  too  green,  but  allow  to  partially  ripen. 

They  require  less  sugar  and  are  better  flavored.  Plant  in  a shady  place. 

Pruning.  The  best  method  so  far  recommended  is  to  allow  two,  or 
not  more  than  three  young  shoots  to  remain  each  spring,  and  to  cut 
out  stems  that  after  four  or  five  years  of  bearing  show  signs  of  failing. 

This  method  insures  the  growth  on  new  bearing  wood. 

Copeland.  A new  variety.  Wonderfully  large;  size  of  small  plums; 
heavy  bearer. 

Downing.  American  variety.  Hardy;  light  green;  productive  and 
large. 

Josslyn  (Red  Jacket).  Large;  light  red;  prolific;  very  fine. 

OREGON  CHAMPION.  Free  from  mildew;  large  and  fine.  Best 
variety  for  Northwest. 

Pearl.  Very  hardy;  productive;  berries  medium  size. 

Strawberries 

Does  anyone  need  to  be  told  about  Strawberrip?  In  home-gardens 
there  may  be  berries  from  June  until  first  frost  in  the  fall  if  one  will 
plant  the  everbearing  varieties  with  the  other  kinds.  While  the  ever- 
bearers  are  meritorious  and  taste  mighty  good  in  the  fall,  yet  during  the 

24 


No  other  branch  of  agriculture  oJBfers  such  profits  as  fruit-growing.  Thousands  of 
no  small  measure  to  the  success  of  these  up-to-date  fruit-growers 


STRAWBERRIES,  continued 

regular  season  they  are  not  quite  as  highly  flavored  as  the  standard  sorts, 
such  as  Clark’s  Seedling,  Admiral  Dewey,  and  others,  so  plant  some  of 
each.  Canneries  offer  high  prices  for  the  fruit  for  jam  and  preserves. 

ADMIRAL  DEWEY.  Large;  very  firm;  good  shipper.  Beautiful 
dark  red;  flesh  red  to  center;  abundant  bearer,  following  Clark’s  Seed- 
ling. Slightly  sweeter  than  Clark’s  Seedling.  Unexcelled  for  canning. 
Nearly  everbearing. 

CLARK’S  SEEDLING  (Hood  River).  Large;  very  firm;  beautiful 
dark  red ; symmetrical  and  unsurpassed  in  quality.  Best  shipping  variety 
known  and  a very  profitable  variety  for  east  of  the  mountains;  not  so 
profitable  west  of  Cascades.  While  it  does  not  yield  so  abundantly  as 
Marshall  and  some  others,  yet  it  brings  a higher  price  on  the  market, 
making  it  the  most  profitable  berry  to  grow  for  shipping. 

Magoon.  Very  heavy  yielder;  hardy;  fine  flavored  and  thrives  ex- 
ceptionally well  on  the  Coast. 

Marshall.  The  berry  sought  after  by  the  canneries  because  it  is 
such  an  abundant  and  heavy  bearer  and  makes  up  so  well  into  jams 
and  preserves.  Its  heavy-yielding  qualities  make  it  a profitable  berry 
to  plant  if  one  wishes  to  sell  to  the  canneries. 

SUPERB  EVERBEARING.  Bears  first  season  planted  and  two  or 
three  weeks  after  main  or  regular  crop  is  off  it  starts  bearing  again  and 
continues  until  frost.  Berries  large  and  of  good  quality,  being  better  in 
the  autumn.  Should  be  in  every  garden. 

PROGRESSIVE  EVERBEARING.  In  habit  like  the  Superb. 
Berries  not  as  large  and  a trifle  sweeter. 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


Asparagus 

Earliest  and  finest  of  spring 
vegetables.  Among  the  easiest 
cultivated  and  most  profitable. 
It  is  hardy  and  does  not  require 
replanting,  but  yields  heavier  each 
succeeding  year. 

Cultivation.  See  that  the 
ground  is  well  drained,  naturally 
or  otherwise.  Work  it  up  fine 
and  deep  and  make  it  very  rich 
with  well-rotted  barnyard  manure. 
Locate  the  plants  8 inches  apart, 
in  rows  3 feet  apart.  Spread  out 
the  roots  in  a trench  made  deep 
enough  to  permit*  their  crowns  to 
be  covered  with  3 or  4 inches  of 
mellow  earth.  Give  the  bed  liberal 
dressings  of  manure  at  intervals, 
and,  except  near  the  seashore, 
three  pounds  of  salt  per  square 
yard  early  every  spring.  Do  not 
cut  for  use  until  the  plants  have 
been  growing  two  seasons. 

Columbian  Mammoth 
White.  Produces  shoots  which 
are  white  and  remain  so  as  long  as 
it  is  fit  for  use.  In  addition  to  the 
marvelous  advantage  of  its  white 
color,  it  is  even  more  robust  and 
Columbian  Mammoth  White  vigorous  in  habit,  and  grows 

Asparagus  larger  shoots  and  fully  as  many  of 

them  as  Conover’s  Colossal. 

Palmetto.  A very  early  variety.  Even,  regular  size;  of  excellent 
quality. 

Washington.  This  is  the  first  result  of  a plant-breeding  campaign 
for  the  eradication  of  Asparagus  rust.  The  work  was  begun  in  1906  by 
the  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  associated  with  the  Massachusetts 
Experiment  Station.  Washington  Asparagus  is,  as  far  as  possible,  an 
extremely  resistant,  vigorous,  and  high-yielding  strain  of  giant  Aspara- 
gus. It  is  rapid  growing,  which  indicates  tenderness,  very  uniform  in 
size,  and  excellent. 

Horse-Radish 

An  esculent  root  used  dried,  grated,  and  canned,  or  in  other  ways  pre- 
served and  used  as  a flavoring  agent  on  meats,  in  vinegars,  etc.  Horse- 
Radish  requires  a good  soil  prepared  in  about  the  same  manner  as  for 
corn  or  potatoes.  The  plants  withstand  considerable  drought  and  are 
practically  frostproof.  In  fact,  frost  even  adds  to  their  flavor.  Ready 
to  use  by  November  i. 

Rhubarb 

The  great  value  of  Rhubarb  has  always  been  its  earliness.  Excellent 
as  a 'spring  tonic,  it  also  has  a delicious  flavor,  making  it  highly  desir- 
able. The  Rhubarb  is  a gross  feeder,  and  it  is  almost  impossible  to 
make  the  ground  too  rich.  The  richer  it  is  the  faster  will  be  the  growth 
and  the  tenderer  the  stalks. 

WAGNER’S  GIANT  CRIMSON  WINTER.  Wonderfully  large 
and  very  productive.  Beautiful  red  stem,  cooks  tender,  not  stringy 
and  with  an  excellent  flavor. 

Dodge’s  Prolific.  Very  large;  stalks  often  3 to  4 feet  high;  tender 
and  fine. 

Victoria.  Very  large;  hardy  and  valuable;  early. 

26 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


Nut  Trees 

Recent  years  have  witnessed  a remarkable  development  in  the 
planting  of  nut-bearing  trees.  In  many  cases  they  can  be  grown  on 
what  is  normally  waste  land  on  the  farm,  and  many  times  land  so  planted 
has  proven  to  be  the  most  productive  and  profitable  on  the  place.  Select 
nut  trees  which  do  well  in  your  locality.  They  will  begin  bearing  almost 
before  you  are  aware  of  it.  They  make  excellent  shade  as  well  as  bring 
in  a profitable  return,  so  are  a dual-purpose  tree.  Plant  a few  nut  trees 
this  year.  Let  your  shade  trees  pay  your  taxes. 

Almonds 

Almonds  require  a light,  warm  soil. 

JORDAN.  Hardy.  Thrives  and  does  well  in  the  Yakima  Valley. 
Nut  very  long,  narrow  but  plump.  Heavy  yielder;  quality  fine. 


Butternut;  White  Walnut 

Native  in  the  eastern  states.  The  cultivation  of  this  variety  has  been 
neglected  here.  It  is  a beautiful  growing  tree  and  yields  large  nuts 
with  rough,  hard  shells,  and  full,  white,  oily  kernels,  sweet,  rich,  and 
of  delicate  flavor.  This  variety  does  well  in  the  coast  counties  and  in 
well-watered  regions  of  the  foothills.  Not  suited  to  the  dry,  hot  places. 


Chestnuts 

American  Sweet  {Castanea  americana).  The  fruit  of  this  variety  is 
smaller  than  the  European  kinds,  but  is  very  sweet  and  well  flavored; 
highly  esteemed  in  the  eastern  states.  Does  well  in  central  Washington. 

Filberts 

Of  the  easiest  culture,  growing  6 to  i6  feet  high;  hardy  and  one  of  the 
best  and  most  profitable  nuts.  Rapidly  assuming  a commercial  im- 
portance west  of  the  Cascades.  While  much  of  the  work  is  still  in  the 
experimental  stage,  yet  enough  is  now  known  that  we  feel  safe  in  recom- 
mending the  following  two  varieties  as  the  best  so  far  found  for  general 
northwestern  conditions.  Best  results  are  secured  if  they  are  planted 
together  so  as  to  cross  pollenize. 

Barcelona.  Round;  heavy  bearer;  large. 

Du  Chilly.  Long,  thin-shelled  nut;  very  large. 


Walnuts 

The  English  or  Persian  Walnut,  the  nut  of  commerce,  is  planted 
largely  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  one  1,600-acre  orchard  alone  being  planted 
in  Oregon,  besides  many  others  only  slightly  smaller. 

Vrooman  Franquette.  This  pure  strain  is  recognized  as  being  the 
best  variety  for  the  Northwest  on  account  of  its  late  blooming,  self- 
pollenizing,  and  perfect  sealing  qualities.  The  shell  is  full  of  rich  meat, 
is  perfectly  sealed,  and  the  nuts  command  the  highest  market  price. 
Trees  of  this  variety  are  doing  splendidly  here  in  the  Yakima  Valley, 
but  with  our  present  knowledge  we  would  not  recommend  them  for 
sections  colder  than  this. 

American  Black.  Makes  a most  beautiful  shade  tree,  and  the  heavy 
crops  of  nuts  sell  readily,  last  winter  bringing  15  cents  per  pound  in 
our  local  markets.  In  localities  where  the  English  Walnut  cannot  be 
raised,  all  waste  land  or  field  borders  should  be  planted  to  the  Black 
Walnut. 

California  Black  Walnut.  Early  bearer;  rapid  growth;  nut  hard 
but  smooth,  unlike  American  Black;  rich  and  oily. 

Japan  {Juglans  Sieboldii).  Exceedingly  hardy;  vigorous  but  strag- 
gling grower.  Nuts  borne  in  clusters.  Meat  is  sweet,  flavor  resembling 
pecans. 


27 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


Shade  and  Ornamental  Trees 

Few  people  realize  that  by  the  use  of  a little  time  and  money  they 
may  have  attractive  grounds  and  not  only  add  to  their  own  comfort, 
but  greatly  to  the  value  of  their  property.  How  much  more  would  you 
pay  for  a home  in  a setting  of  shade  trees  than  for  the  same  house  set 
out  in  the  glaring  sun  with  no  shade  at  all.  A few  years  ago  a certain 
man  in  the  Palouse  country  lost  the  sale  of  his  $70,000  farm  simply 
because  he  had  no  shade  trees  planted  around  the  house  and  barn,  and 
the  would-be  purchaser  would  not  consider  taking  it  because  it  lacked 
this  inviting  feature.  $25  expended  in  shade  trees  five  years  before 
would  have  been  the  means  of  selling  that  place.  A few  dollars  spent 
in  making  a place  more  livable  will  bring  back  at  least  ten  times  that 
amount  in  added  enjoyment  and  actual  money  returns  in  a few  years 
if  one  should  want  to  sell.  We  will  be  glad  to  help  you  select  the  trees 
you  will  need  for  your  particular  location  and  climate. 

A sentimental  value  attaches  to  trees  as  they  grow  in  dignity  and 
beauty,  and  you  will  find  them  a splendid  means  of  keeping  the  young 
folks  on  the  farm.  How  much  more  inviting  the  home,  nestling  in  a 
cool  retreat  under  spreading  branches,  than  the  house  that  stands 
stark  and  bare  on  the  landscape. 


THE  TREE 


By  Joyce  Kilmer 
(Who  gave  his  life  in  France) 


I think  that  I shall  never  see 
A poem  lovely  as  a tree. 

A tree  whose  hungry  mouth  is  prest 
Against  the  earth’s  sweet  flowing 
breast. 

A tree  that  looks  at  God  all  day 
And  lifts  her  leafy  arms  to  pray; 


A tree  that  may  in  summer  wear 
A nest  of  robins  in  her  hair; 

Upon  whose  bosom  snow  has  lain; 
Who  intimately  lives  with  rain. 

Poems  are  made  by  fools  like  me. 
But  only  God  can  make  a tree. 


Trees  vary  in  their  characteristics  and  are  therefore  useful  for  dif- 
ferent purposes,  and  one  should  select  a tree  for  the  purpose  intended. 
For  instance,  one  would  not  line  a street  with  the  Cut-Leaf  Weeping 
Birch,  pretty  as  it  is  for  single  lawn  planting. 


Hints  for  Selecting  Shade  and  Ornamental  Trees 

For  Street  or  Border  Planting 
Maple,  Norway  ' Elm,  English  Maple,  Scarlet 

Maple,  Sugar  Sycamore,  European  Linden,  American 

Elm,  American  (Oriental  Plane)  Catalpa  speciosa 

For  Ornamental  and  Specimen  Planting 
Catalpa  Bungei  Thorn,  Red 

Crab,  Bechtel’s  Double-flowering  Birch,  Cut-Leaf  Weeping 


28 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


GENERAL  LIST  OF  SHADE  TREES 

BALM  OF  GILEAD  {Populus  candicans;  P.  ontariensis) . A native 
species  of  remarkably  rapid  growth. 

BIRCH,  European  White  {Betula  alba).  A fine,  graceful  tree,  with 
spray-like  branches.  Moderate  size,  with  silvery  bark  and  slender 
branches. 

BOX  ELDER  (Ash-leaved  Maple;  Acer  Negundo).  A fine,  rapid-grow- 
ing variety,  with  handsome,  light  green,  pinnated  foliage  and  spread- 
ing head;  very  hardy.  Desirable  for  street  planting  and  succeeds 
in  many  sections  where  other  varieties  do  not  thrive.  Leaves  come 
earlier  than  any  other  tree. 

CATALPA  Bungei  (Umbrella  Catalpa).  Grafted  on  stems  6 to  8 feet 
high,  it  makes  an  umbrella-shaped  top  without  pruning.  Perfectly 
hardy  and  flourishes  in  almost  all  soils  and  climates.  Leaves  large, 
glossy,  heart-shaped,  deep  green,  like  shingles  on  a roof;  always 
make  a symmetrical  head.  One  of  the  most  unique  trees.  Desirable 
for  lawn,  park,  and  cemetery  planting. 

speciosa.  One  of  the  most  rapid-growers.  Large,  heart-shaped, 
downy  leaves  and  compound  panicles  of  white  flowers,  tinged  with 
violet  and  dotted  with  purple  and  yellow.  Very  ornamental  as  a 
single  specimen,  but  makes  a -good  tree  in  large  plantings. 

CRAB,  Bechtel’s  Douhle-fiowering  ~(Pyrus  malus  floribunda).  Me- 
dium-sized ornamental  tree  of  great  beauty;  perfectly  hardy;  suc- 
ceeds well  in  all  soils  not  extremely  wet.  When  in  bloom  in  early 
spring  this  tree  is  covered 
with  perfectly  double,  small 
flowers  resembling  pink 
roses  and  deliciously  fra- 
grant. Does  not  bloom 
until  the  leaves  are  fully 
developed,  which  adds 
greatly  to  its  beauty. 

ELM,  American  ( Ulmus  ameri- 
cana).  One  of  the  choicest 
avenue  trees  available, 
forming  a majestic  vase- 
like specimen  with  graceful, 
arching  branches.  One  of 
the  grandest  trees  of  our 
own  American  forests. 

English  {U.  campestris) . 

An  erect,  lofty  tree,  with 
rather  small  foliage  of  dark 
green  which  remains  several 
weeks  longer  than  that  of 
the  American  Elm.  A very 
majestic,  imposing  tree. 

Fine  for  avenue  planting.  American  Elm 

FRINGE,  Purple  {Rhus  Cotinus).  A small  tree  or  shrub  much  admired 
for  its  curious  fringe-  or  hair-like  flowers  that  cover  its  whole  surface 
in  midsummer. 

White  {Chionanihus  virginica).  A small  native  .tree  or  shrub,  with 
dark,  glossy  leaves  and  drooping  racemes  of  pure  white  flowers, 
having  narrow,  fringe-like  petals. 

HORSE-CHESTNUT,  Red-flowering  {Msculus  rubicunda).  Not  so 
rapid  or  so  fine  a grower  as  the  white;  foliage  deep  green;  blooms 
later,  with  showy  red  flowers. 

White  {M.  Hippocastanum) . A very  beautiful,  well-known  tree,  with 
round,  dense  head,  dark  green  foliage,  and,  in  early  spring,  an 
abundance  of  showy  white  flow^ers,  slightly  marked  wdth  red  specks, 
in  panicles. 


29 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


SHADE  AND  ORNAMENTAL  TREES,  continned 

LINDEN,  American  (Basswood;  Tilia  americana).  A rapid-growing, 
beautiful,  pyramidal  native  tree,  with  very  large  leaves  and  fra- 
grant yellowish  white  flowers  appearing  in  June,  in  drooping  clusters 
of  five  to  twenty  blossoms. 

European  {T.  vulgaris,  T.  europcea).  Not  quite  so  large  as  the 
American  Linden,  but  of  a beautiful  pyramidal  shape  with  large 
leaves  and  fragrant  flowers.  The  leaves  are  deep  green  above, 
silvery  beneath,  the  slightest  breeze  stirring  them  and  showing  the 
white  lining  of  the  foliage. 

V.OC\JST,  BleLclsi  {Rohinia  Pseudacacia).  Height  50  to  8o  feet.  Medium- 
sized tree,  with  feathery  foliage  and  drooping  racemes  of  very  fra- 
grant pea-shaped  white  flowers  the  middle  of  May. 

Honey  {Gleditsia  triacanthos).  A rapid-growing  native  tree,  with 
powerful  spines  and  delicate  foliage,  used  especially  for  stock  or 
field-hedges. 

MAPLE,  Norway  {Acer  platanoides).  One  of  the  most  beautiful  of  all 
trees  for  street  or  avenue  planting.  Its  large  size,  compact  habit, 
broad,  deep  shining  foliage,  and  stout,  vigorous  growth  render  it 
highly  desirable.  If  given  plenty  of  room  it  develops  into  a mag- 
nificent specimen.  Attains  a height  of  70  to  100  feet. 

Scarlet  {A.  ruhrum).  Height  50  to  100  feet.  Branches  spreading; 
deep  red  blossoms  in  early  spring  before  the  foliage;  in  autumn  the 

leaves  turn  to  bril- 
liant shades  of  red 
and  scarlet. 

Maples,  Silver,  or  Soft 

{A.  dasycarpum).  A 
well-known  native 
tree  of  rapid  growth, 
large  size,  and  irregu- 
lar, rounded  form. 
Foliage  bright  green 
above  and  silvery 
white  beneath.  Tree 
very  hardy  and  easily 
transplanted.  One  of 
the  most  useful  trees. 
We  have  a fine  lot  of 
them. 

Sugar,  or  Rock  {A . 

saccharum).  Pyrami- 
dal form.  Its  upright 
habit  of  growth,  dense 
foliage,  and  adapta- 
bility to  different  soils 
have  rendered  it  one 
of  the  most  extensive- 
ly used.  In  autumn  it 
assumes  rich  tints  of  yellow  and  scarlet.  Long-lived  and  highly 
desirable.  Valuable  for  sugar. 

Sycamore  {A.  pseudoplatanus).  A noble  European  variety  of  rapid, 
spreading  growth;  broad,  deep  green  foliage;  a desirable  shade 
tree. 

MOUNTAIN  ASH,  European  {Pyrus  aucuparia).  Similar  in  appear- 
ance to  the  American,  with  finer  foliage  and  smaller,  deeper  colored 
berries.  Much  more  desirable  than  the  American  and  everywhere 
very  popular.  Erect  stem;  smooth  bark;  head  dense  and  regular. 
Height  20  to  35  feet,  when  fully  grown. 

MULBERRY,  Russian  {Morus  tatarica).  A very  hardy,  rapid-growing 
tree  of  great  value.  Fruit  of  good  size  and  produced  in  great 
abundance.  Especially  useful  to  plant  near  cherry  trees,  as  it 
keeps  the  birds  from  destroying  the  crops  on  the  fruit  trees. 

30 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


SHADE  AND  ORNAMENTAL  TREES,  continued 


OAK,  Red  {Quercus  rubra).  Exceedingly  beautiful,  rapid-growing, 
majestic  tree,  forming  a broad,  round  head  8o  feet  high.  Foliage 
turns  brilliant  dark  red  in  autumn.  One  of  the  very  best  sorts  for 
street  and  ornamental  planting. 


POPLAR,  Canadian  (Populus  canadensis).  A very  handsome,  rapid- 
growing tree  similar  to  the  well-known  Carolina  Poplar,  but  of 
denser  and  lower  branching  habit  of  growth.  Unusually  hardy, 
thriving  in  the  coldest  sections  of  Montana,  Wyoming,  and  eastern 
Alberta  where  many  other  kinds  do  not  live.  Dense  foliage;  large 
leaves  of  brilliant  green. 

Carolina  (P.  carolinensis).  One  of  the  most  handsome  and  rapid- 
growing trees,  with  large,  attractive,  glossy,  serrated,  deep  green 
leaves.  Succeeds  everywhere.  Especially  adapted  for  planting  where 
quick  shade  is  desired,  but  it  should  only  be  planted  with  other  trees 
of  a permanent  type,  with  the  idea  of  removing  the  Poplar  in  about 
eight  or  nine  years  when  the  other  trees  have  attained  sufficient 
size.  Not  altogether  desirable  for  street  or  lawn  planting  as  the 
roots  clog  up  the  sewers  and  extend  long  distances  into  the  lawn 
just  below  the  surface,  upheaving  it  and  sapping  the  moisture.  It 
has  its  place,  however,  in  the  prairie  sections  and  should  be  planted 
largely.  Thrives  under  almost  any  condition,  but  responds  readily 
to  plenty  of  water. 

Lombardy  (P.  fastigiata).  A well-known,  tall-growing  tree  of  rapid 
growth  and  spire-like  outline;  very  essential  in  landscaping  to  give 
variety  of  form  and  destroy  the  appearance  of  sameness  produced 
by  other  trees  of  different  height  and  habit  of  growth. 

Silver  (P.  alba).  A tree  of  wonderfully  rapid  growth  and  spreading 
habit ; leaves  large,  dark,  rich  green  above  and  white  as  snow  beneath. 

PRUNUS  Pissardii  (Purple-Leaf  Plum).  The  leaves,  as  they  first 
appear  on  the  tips,  are  a beautiful  orange  color,  and  they  mature 
to  a rich  purple,  clear  and  distinct,  growing  darker  as  the  season 
advances.  Beautiful,  shining  bark;  pink  flowers  and  bright  red 
fruit.  Very  hardy,  rapid  grower.  Grows  about  25  feet  high. 

triloba  (Double-flowering  Plum).  A very  desirable  shrub  or  small 
tree  introduced  from  Japan.  Flowers  semi-double,  of  delicate  pink, 
upward  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  thickly  set.  Hardy;  flowers  in  May. 

SYCAMORE,  American  (Buttonwood;  Platanus  occidentalis) . A 
well-known,  tall,  rapid-growing  native  tree;  leaves  large,  heart- 
shaped  at  the  base,  lobes  sharp-pointed. 

European  (Oriental  Plane;  P.  orientalis).  A lofty,  wide-spreading 
tree ; heart-shaped 
leaves,  deeply  cut ; valu- 
able for  its  handsome 
foliage  and  free  growth ; 
not  so  subject  to  dis- 
ease as  our  native  spe- 
cies. Excellent  for  street 
or  avenue  planting  in 
Central  Oregon,  Wash- 
ington, and  Idaho. 


THORN,  Paul’s  Double 

Red  {CratcBgus  coccinea 
fl.-pl  Paulii).  Flowers 
large,  deep  carmine- 
scarlet.  Very  beautiful 
ornamental  tree,  grow- 
ing to  about  30  feet. 

Double  White  (C.  alba 
fl.-pl.).  Has  small, 
double  white  flowers. 


WILLOW,  Golden  {Salix 
vitellina  aurea).  A 
splendid  grower,  with 
light  green  leaves  and 
golden  yellow  branches. 


European^Sycamore 


31 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


Weeping  Deciduous  Trees 

Much  attention  is  now  given  to  this  class  of  trees,  and  we  place  them 
separately  for  the  convenience  of  our  patrons.  The  grace  and  beauty  of 
the  weeping  varieties  render  them  especially  adapted  to  yard,  lawn,  or 
cemetery. 

BIRCH,  Cut-leaved  {Betula  laciniata  pendula).  Probably  the  most 
popular  and  desirable  lawn  tree  in  existence.  Vigorous  and  perfectly 
hardy.  Trunk  straight,  slender,  and  white  as  snow.  Slim  side 
branches  droop  in  a most  picturesque  manner.  Foliage  delicate 
and  deeply  cut,  coloring  finely  in  the  fall.  The  drooping  branches 
and  silvery  bark  form  a most  effective  combination  during  the 
winter  months,  while  the  effect  in  the  summer,  with  the  long,  grace- 
fully drooping  branches  clothed  with  dainty  leaves,  is  equally 
pleasing. 

ELM,  Camperdown  ( Ulmus  glabra  Camperdownii).  Budded  about 
6 feet  high  on  American  Elm  stock.  Forms  a dense,  rounded  head. 
Very  beautiful.  Leaves  large,  dark  green,  and  glossy,  covering  the 
tree  with  a luxuriant  mass  of  verdure. 

WILLOW,  Babylonian  {Salix  hahylonica).  The  well-known  common 
Weeping  Willow.  Exceedingly  graceful  and  picturesque  and  easy 
to  grow.  Thrives  well  in  any  situation,  but  does  particularly  well 
along  the  banks  of  streams,  where  it  adds  a much-needed  note  to 
the  landscape. 


Cut-leaved  Birch 


32 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


Flowering  Deciduous  Shrubs 

NO  home  is  complete  without  a proper  setting  of 
shrubs.^  They  cover  a wide  range  in  flower  and 
foliage,  habit  of  growth,  and  season  of  blossoming. 
Use  the  larger  ones  for  the  background,  working 
down  to  the  smaller  ones  directly  in  front. 

Do  not  spoil  a lawn  by  planting  single  specimens 
or  small  groups  in  the  center,  but  plant  masses  of 
shrubbery  around  the  lawn  or  outer  border  of  the 
place  to  give  it  a distinct  outline.  Instead  of  making  a 
stiff  formal  line  by  planting  all  of  one  kind  or  height, 
make  it  wavy  or  irregular  by  putting  little  clumps  of 
shrubbery  here  and  there  along  the  border,  using  as  a 
center  some  tall  shrub  with  distinct  foliage. 

"Tie”  the  house  to  the  ground  with  a planting  of 
shrubs  around  the  foundation.  This  breaks  the  sharp  angle  caused  by 
the  house  meeting  the  ground  and  makes  it  "nestle”  or  “melt”  into  its 
surroundings.  For  this  purpose  you  will,  of  course,  want  the  low-grow- 
ing shrubs,  unless  your  home  rests  on  a very  high  foundation.  In 
corners  or  where  there  are  no  windows,  plant  some  of  the  higher  shrubs, 
massing  the  lower  ones  in  front.  As  a general  rule  the  prevailing  height 
of  the  shrubs  around  the  rest  of  the  house  should  be  no  higher  than  the 
bottom  of  the  windows.  In  order,  however,  to  avoid  monotony,  plant 
slightly  higher  shrubs  between  the  windows. 

For  a splendid  treatise  on  beautifying  the  home  we  suggest  you  write 
the  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C.,  for  Farmer's 
Bulletin  No.  1087,  "Beautifying  the  Farmstead.” 

The  following  list  of  shrubs  comprises  the  best  varieties  adapted  to 
our  northwestern  conditions.  You  will  find  all  of  the  old  standard  sorts 
with  which  we  are  all  familiar,  also  the  desirable  newer  varieties. 

Most  persons  interested  in  beautifying  their  grounds  are  naturally 
desirous  of  knowing  which  shrubs  to  use  for  certain  places.  To  assist  in 
selecting  shrubs  for  various  places,  such  as  for  backgrounds,  foregrounds, 
etc.,  the  following  table  has  been  compiled.  Full  descriptions  of  the 
various  shrubs  have  already  been  given.  The  blooming  season  is  also 
given  so  that  by  judicious  selection  one  can  have  some  bloom  during  the 
entire  season  from  April  to  October. 

If  we  can  be  of  any  assistance  to  you  in  planning  your  grounds,  feel 
free  to  call  upon  us.  We  are  prepared  to  offer  definite  suggestions  that 
will  help  you  plant  your  stock  so  as  to  get  the  maximum  results. 

Shrubs  Attaining  a Height  of  6 to  8 Feet 

Blue  and  Purple  Flowers 


Althaea.  Purple August,  September 

Lilac,  Pres.  Grevy.  Blue May 

Lilac,  Common.  Purple Early  May 

Lilac,  Mme.  Louis  Spaeth.  Purplish  red May 

Pink  Flowers 

Althaea.  Pink August,  September 

Lilac,  Belle  de  Nancy.  Satiny  pink Early  May 

Red  Flowers 

Althaea.  Red August,  September 

Lilac,  Senator  Volland.  Rosy  red Early  May 

Honeysuckle,  Red  Tartarian Early  May 

White  Flowers 

Althaea.  White August,  September 

Honeysuckle,  White  Tartarian Early  May 

LUac,  Frau  Dammann Early  May 

Lilac,  Common.  White Early  May 

Snowball,  Common,  Japan,  and  Opulus Early  May 

Syringa,  Garland  (Mock  Orange) June 

Yellow  Flowers 

Forsythia  suspensa  (Drooping  Golden  Bell)  ....  April 

33 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 

Shrubs  Attaining  a Height  of  5 to  6 Feet 

Pink  Flowers 

Weigela,  Rose-colored May,  June 

Red  Flowers 

Japan  Quince.  Beautiful  blossoms March,  April 

White  Flowers 

Hydrangea  paniculata  grandiflora July,  early  September 

Spiraea  prunifolia Early  May 

Spiraea  Vanhouttei May 

Shrubs  Attaining  a Height  of  4 to  5 Feet 

Brown  Flowers 

Calycanthus  floridus.  Chocolate-colored  flowers  . . June 

Pink  Flowers 

Almond,  Double-flowering.  Bright  pink  flowers  . . Early  May 

White  Flowers 

Almond,  Double-flowering.  Pure  white  flowers  . . Early  May 
Hydrangea  arborescens  (Hills  of  Snow).  Pure 

white  flowers June  to  October 

Spiraea  Thunbergii.  Pure  white  blooms Late  April,  early  May 

Syringa  Lemoinei.  Pure  white  blooms May,  June 

Shrubs  Attaining  a Height  of  3 to  4 Feet 

Pink  Flowers 

Weigela,  Variegated-leaved.  Bright  pink  flowers  . . June 

Red  Flowers  _ 

Weigela  hybrida,  Eva  Rathke.  Bright  red  flowers  . June 

White  Flowers 

Deutzia  Lemoinei.  Pure  white  flowers May,  June 

Shrubs  Attaining  a Height  of  1 to  3 Feet 

Red  Flowers 

Spiraea  Bumalda,  Anthony  Waterer.  Magenta-red 

to  deep  pink  blooms July  to  September 

White  Flowers 

Deutzia  gracilis.  Pure  white  blooms May,  June 

Spiraea  callosa  alba.  White  blooms July  to  September 

Spiraea,  Golden.  White  blooms June 

Syringa,  Golden.  White  blooms June 

Shrubs  Valuable  for  their  Leaf  or  Bark  Effects 

To  brighten  up  a planting  and  add  interest  to  it  one  should  use  the 
variegated-leaved  shrubs  sparingly.  The  following  can  be  used  to  good 
advantage.  The  height  is  given  so  it  can  be  fitted  in  with  whatever 
group  it  belongs. 

Barberry.  Leaves  turn  to  beautiful  crimson  in  autumn,  followed  with  bright 
red  berries.  3 to  4 feet. 

Dogwood.  Variegated.  Fine  for  backgrounds.  Grows  10  to  12  feet  high. 
Syringa,  Golden.  Showy,  yellow  leaves.  Grows  to  3 to  4 feet  high. 

Spiraea,  Golden.  Grows  24  to  36  inches  high. 

34 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


inunoeig  s joaroerry 


GENERAL  LIST  OF  FLOWERING  SHRUBS 

ALTHEA  {Hibiscus  syriacus).  Flowers  large,  close  to  branch,  beauti- 
ful. Blooms  very  freely  in  August  and  September.  Not  altogether 
hardy  where  temperature  gets  below  lo  degrees  below  zero.  Can 
be  furnished  in  Red,  Pink,  Purple,  White,  and  Variegated-leaved. 
Ultimate  height  6 to  8 feet. 

ALMOND,  Double  Pink  {Primus  japonica  rubra  fl. -pi.) . A beautiful 
small  shrub,  bearing,  in  May,  before  the  leaves  appear,  small  dou- 
ble, rose-like  flowers,  closely  set  upon  the  twigs.  Ultimate  height 
4 to  5 feet. 

Double  White  {P.  japonica  alba  fl.-pL).  Same  as  above  except 
flowers  are  white. 


BARBERRY,  Thunberg’s  {Berberis  Thunbergii).  Not  the  Barberry 
which  harbors  the  wheat  rust, 
but  a beautiful,  small,  com- 
pact shrub,  somewhat  thorny. 

Foliage  small;  bright  red 
leaves  in  autumn  and  bright 
red  berries»all  winter.  Intro- 
duced from  Japan.  Highly 
desirable  for  use  as  hedge, 
and  is  an  effective  barrier  to 
small  animals,  because  of  the 
fine  spines  which  cover  the 
branches.  It  is  graceful  when 
allowed  to  grow  in  its  natural 
drooping  form,  but  can  be 
pruned  to  oval  or  flat  form  if 
desired.  Ultimate  height  3 to 
4 feet. 


CALYCANTHUS  floridus 

(Sweet-scented  Shrub).  The 
wood  is  fragrant ; foliage  rich ; 
flowers  are  of  chocolate  color, 
having  a peculiarly  agreeable 
odor.  Blooms  in  June  and  at 
intervals  afterward.  Ultimate 
height  4 to  5 feet. 


Althaea,  or  Rose  of  Sharon 


35 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


Hydrangea  paniculata  grandiflora 


FLOWERING  DECIDUOUS  SHRUBS  continued 

DEUTZIA  gracilis.  A very  desirable  dwarf-growing  variety.  Flowers 
pure  white;  blooms  profusely  in  June.  Excellent  for  massing  in  front 
of  higher  shrubs.  Very  hardy.  A valuable  plant  for  winter  bloom- 
ing indoors.  Ultimate  height  2 to  3 feet. 

Lemoinei.  Single;  white.  A hardy  hybrid,  partaking  to  a great 
extent  of  the  character  of  Gracilis,  but  of  a stronger  growth.  Good 
for  forcing.  Ultimate  height  2 to  3 feet, 
scabra,  Pride  of  Rochester.  A new  variety,  said  to  excel  all  others 
in  size  of  the  double  white  flowers,  profusion  of  bloom,  and  vig- 
orous habit  of  growing.  Ultimate  height  4 to  5 feet. 

DOGWOOD,  Variegated  {Cornus  sanguinea  variegata).  One  of  the 
finest  variegated  shrubs ; of  rapid  growth.  Leaves  broadly  margined 
with  white;  bark  bright  red  in  winter.  Height  10  to  12  feet. 

FORSYTHIA  suspensa  (Golden  Bell).  Drooping  habit  with  yellow, 
pendulous  flowers  in  early  spring  before  its  leaves  appear.  Ultimate 
height  6 to  7 feet. 

HYDRANGEA  paniculata  grandiflora.  This  is  one  of  the  most  val- 
uable of  our  hardy  shrubs.  It  attains  a height  of  5 to  6 feet  and  is 
perfectly  hardy  in  all  parts  of  the  country.  The  flowers  are  white, 
borne  in  immense  panicles  nearly  a foot  long.  It  commences 
flowering  in  July  and  continues  till  the  end  of  September  or  early 
October.  Excellent  for  cemetery  planting;  valuable  both  for  foliage 
and  flowers,  which  are  very  durable, 
arborescens  grandiflora  (Hills  of  Snow).  This  new  American 
Hydrangea  is  believed  to  be  the  most  beautiful  hardy  flowering 
shrub  ever  introduced.  It  blooms  from  early  June  till  toward 
autumn  frosts.  The  breadth  is  practically  the  same  as  the  height, 
being  from  4 to  5 feet,  and  it  bears  large,  semi-circular,  trusses  of 
beautifully  formed  flowers  of  dazzling  whiteness. 

HONEYSUCKLE,  Red  Tartarian  {Lonicera  tatarica  rubra).  A 
beautiful  flowering  shrub;  blooms  early  in  May;  flowers  red  and 
pink.  Ultimate  height  6 to  8 feet. 

White  Tartarian  (L.  tatarica  alba).  Similar  to  above  except  flowers 
are  white.  Ultimate  height  6 to  8 feet. 

36 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


FLOWERING  DECIDUOUS  SHRUBS,  continued 

LILAC,  Common  Purple  {Syringa  vulgaris).  The  well-known  purple 
Lilac  of  our  grandmothers’  gardens.  Free  bloomer  and  very  fra- 
grant. Ultimate  height  8 feet. 

Common  White  {S.  vulgaris  alba).  The  same,  only  white  bloom. 

Persian  {S.  persica).  Medium  size  with  small  leaves  and  bright  purple 
flowers. 

Belle  de  Nancy.  (Double.)  Very  large,  brilliant  satiny  rose,  white 
toward  center. 

Frau  Dammann.  This  produces  the  largest  clusters  of  white  Lilacs 
of  the  common  species  known  in  cultivation,  also  the  purest  white. 

Mme.  Ludwig  Spaeth.  (Single.)  Panicle  long;  individual  flowers 
large,  dark  purplish  red;  distinct;  superb.  The  finest  of  its  color, 

President  Grevy.  (Double.)  A beautiful  blue;  individual  flowers 
very  double  and  very  large.  The  panicle  is  magnificent  and  meas- 
ures 1 1 inches  in  length  and  5 inches  across.  One  of  the  finest  Lilacs. 

Japanese  {S.  japonica;  Tree  Lilac).  A new  species  from  Japan  that 
makes  a tree  20  to  25  feet  high.  Foliage  large,  very  dark  green, 
glossy  and  leathery.  Flowers  white,  in  immense  clusters,  about  a 
month  later  than  the  common  sorts. 


QUINCE,  Red-flowering  {Cydonica  japonica  umhilicata).  Large,  bril- 
liant red  blossoms  appearing  in  early  spring  in  great  profusion. 
Foliage  bright  green  and  glossy  all  through  the  summer.  Of 
straggling  growth,  but  can  be  pruned  to  desirable  shape  without 
injury.  Sufficiently  thorny  and  strong  to  make  a valuable  hedge, 
and  its  beautiful  flowers  make  it  very  handsome  for  that  purpose. 
Ultimate  height  5 to  6 feet. 


SNOWBALL,  Common  {Viburnum  sterile).  A well-known  shrub  of 
large  size,  with  globular  clusters  of  pure  white  flowers  in  the  latter 
part  of  May.  Ultimate  height  8 feet. 

Japanese  {V.  plicatum).  This  Japanese  variety  of  the  old-fashioned 
Snowball  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  of  our  hardy  shrubs.  It  forms 
an  erect,  compact  shrub  6 to  8 feet  high;  blooms  in  June  and  for  a 
long  time  is  a solid  mass  of  white.  The  plants  are  completely  cov- 
ered from  the  ground  to  the  top  of  the  branches  with  large  balls  of 
flowers  as  white  as  snow. 


Opulus  (High  Bush  Cranberry;  V.  Opulus).  Handsome  and  dense 
foliage;  flowers  white,  in  drooping  flat  cymes,  in  May,  followed  by 
brilliant  scarlet  fruit 
in  showy  pendulous 
bunches,  that  remain 
on  the  plant  all  win- 
ter. Ultimate  height 
8 feet. 


SPIRAEA  Bum  aid  a, 
Anthony  Waterer. 

Dwarf  grower,  attain- 
ing about  24  inches 
in  height.  Fine  for 
edging  or  planting  in 
front  of  shrub  groups. 
The  flowers  are  a 
magenta-red  at  first, 
fading  afterward  to  a 
deep  pink.  It  blooms 
about  the  end  of  June 
and  if  the  flowers 
are  cut  off  as  fast  as 
they  commence  to 
wither,  there  will  be  a 
continuance  of  them 
throughout  the  season 
to  some  extent. 


President  Grevy  Lilac 


37 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


Spiraea  Vanhouttei 


FLOWERING  DECIDUOUS  SHRUBS,  continued 

Spiraea  aurea  Golden-leaved  Spirea).  Flowers  fine,  white;  foliage  of  a 
beautiful  golden  color  which  gives  variety  to  the  group  planting. 
Blooms  in  June;  grows  to  about  24  or  36  inches  high. 

callosa  alba.  Same  as  Anthony  Waterer  except  flowers  are  white. 

prunifolia  (Bridal  Wreath).  Very  beautiful;  double  flowers  like 
white  daisies  covering  the  plant  with  a profusion  of  bloom  in  May. 
Ultimate  height  5 to  6 feet. 

Thunbergii.  Profusion  of  small  white  flowers  in  early  spring.  Forms 
a rounded,  graceful,  dwarf  bush.  Foliage  fern-like,  branches  slender 
and  somewhat  drooping.  Ultimate  height  4 to  5 feet. 

Vanhouttei.  One  of  the  very  best  of  all  shrubs.  Succeeds  well  in 
almost  any  location.  Plant  pendulous,  yet  upright,  giving  a most 
graceful  appearance  even  when  not  in  bloom.  Flowers  pure  white 
and  borne  in  dense  clusters  along  the  whole  length  of  the  branches, 
often  weighting  them  to  the  ground.  One  of  the  most  ornamental 
shrubs  we  offer.  Excellent  as  a single  specimen  or  in  grouping  with 
other  shrubs;  also  a fine  hedge  plant.  Blooms  in  early  May. 
Ultimate  height  5 to  6 feet. 

SYRINGA,  Garland  {Philadelphus  coronarius).  The  well-known  Mock 
Orange.  Pure  white,  sweet-scented,  orange-blossom-like  flowers  in 
June.  Ultimate  height  8 feet. 

Golden  {P.  aurea).  A very  pretty  plant  of  medium  size  with  golden 
yellow  foliage.  It  retains  its  color  the  entire  season  and  is  valuable 
for  creating  pleasing  and  striking  contrasts  with  both  green  and 
purple-leaved  shrubs.  Ultimate  height  3 to  4 feet. 

Lemoine’s  (P.  Lemoinei  erectus).  A charming  variety  of  upright 
growth,  flowers  small,  yellowish  white,  fragrant,  more  clustered 
than  the  older  sorts,  completely  covering  the  bush.  Ultimate  height 
4 to  5 feet.  May  and  June. 

TAMARIX  africana.  A very  beautiful  shrub  or  small  tree,  with  very 
fine  feathery  foliage  somewhat  like  the  juniper.  This  sort  has  light 
pink  flowers  in  small  racemes,  which  appear  toward  the  first  of 
June.  A valuable  sort  for  near  the  seashore  or  in  sandy  soils  where 
others  do  not  do  well.  Thrives  in  the  very  spray  of  salt  water. 
Ultimate  height,  12  to  15  feet. 

hispida.  Somewhat  similar  to  above,  except  that  the  tip  ends  of  the 
branches  come  into  bloom  with  a beautiful  pink  effect  in  midsum- 
mer, which,  contrasting  with  the  feathery  green  of  the  remainder 
of  the  bush,  makes  a beautiful  effect.  Ultimate  height  12  to  15  feet. 

38 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


FLOWERING  DECIDUOUS  SHRUBS,  continued 

WEIGELA  rosea  {Diervilla  rosed).  An  elegant  shrub,  with  fine,  rose- 
colored  leaves.  Introduced  from  China.  Quite  hardy.  Blooms  in 
May.  Ultimate  height  5 to  6 feet. 

Hybrida,  Eva  Rathke  {D.  hybrida,  Eva  Rathke).  Similar  to  D.  Van 
Houttei,  only  better.  Rich  carmine-colored  blooms  in  great  pro- 
fusion. June.  Ultimate  height  3 to  4 feet. 

Variegated  {J).  nana  foliis  variegatis) . Leaves  bordered  with  yel- 
lowish white,  finely  marked.  Flowers  bright  pink  and  borne  in 
great  profusion.  June.  Ultimate  height  3 to  4 feet. 


Hedge  of  California  Privet 


Hedge  Plants 

No  other  single  item  in  decorating  grounds  has  as  much  to  do  with 
the  effect  as  hedges.  You  can  spend  $25,  $50  or  even  $100  in  buying  and 
planting  a hedge  that  will  easily  add  four  times  that  amount  in  the 
cash  value  of  your  place.  Requiring  little  attention,  it  grows  in  value 
and  beauty  from  year  to  year  and  is  one  of  the  most  satisfactory  invest- 
ments you  can  make  on  your  place.  The  varieties  listed  below  are 
especially  recommended. 

PRIVET,  Amoor  River  North  {Ligustrum  amurense).  Exceedingly 
hardy.  Thrives  well  in  Montana,  Wyoming,  or  similar  places 
where  even  the  hardy  common  Privet  fails.  Leaves  small,  bright 
green;  plant  very  bushy  and  stands  shearing  well. 

California.  Beautiful  bright  green;  bushy  habit  of  growth.  Not 
recommended  where  temperature  gets  below  zero. 

Common.  Hardy;  dense  grower;  bluish  green  tint.  Very  desirable. 
Stands  shearing  well. 

In  Planting  Privet,  set  two  rows,  i foot  apart,  plants  a foot  apart  in 
the  row.  Set  in  “staggered”  fashion,  or  alternately.  Plant  about  6 inches 
deeper  than  where  they  stood  in  the  nursery  row  and  cut  back  to  2 to 
3 inches  from  the  ground.  This  will  cause  heavy,  dense  growth  from 
the  ground  up. 

BARBERRY,  Thunberg’s  and  Japan  Quince  are  also  used  to  some 
extent  for  hedge  purposes.  Barberry  makes  a particularly  desir- 
able hedge,  growing  rapidly  and  forming  a dense  thorny  barrier. 
In  winter  it  has  many  bright  red  berries. 

Please  note  that  Thunberg’s  Barberry  does  not  harbor  wheat  rust 
like  the  common  Barberry  of  the  East;  therefore  it  can  be  used  any- 
where with  perfect  safety. 


39 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


Climbing  Vines 

Equally  ornamental  on  walls  and  terraces,  on  stables,  on  the  mansion, 
or  on  the  humblest  cottage.  They  grace  the  garden  walls  and  take 
from  stiff  and  hard  lines  their  ugliness  by  fresh  foliage,  pretty  flowers, 
and,  often,  pleasing  fruit.  Invaluable  for  covering  trellises,  walls, 
cottages,  etc.  No  porch  can  be  entirely  comfortable  without  some 
climbing  vine. 

AMPELOPSIS  Engelmannii.  Exceedingly  hardy.  Clings  to  brick  or 
stone.  Large  leaves,  bright  green  turning  to  brilliant  red  in  fall. 

Veitchii  (Japan  Ivy;  Boston  Ivy).  A beautiful,  climbing  plant  of 
Japanese  origin.  Leaves  a little  smaller  and  more  ivy-like  than 
Virginia  Creeper.  This  is  one  of  the  finest  climbers  we  have  for 
covering  walls,  as  it  clings  firmly  to  the  smoothest  surface,  cover- 
ing it  with  overlapping  leaves  which  form  a perfect  mass  of  foliage. 
Not  recommended  for  planting  east  of  Cascade  Mountains. 

quinquefolia  (Virginia  Creeper;  Old-fashioned  Woodbine).  A native 
vine  of  rapid  growth,  with  large  leaves  and  rich  coloring  in  fall. 
The  blossoms,  which  are  inconspicuous,  are  succeeded  by  hand- 
some dark  blue  berries.  Like  the  bignonia  and  ivy,  it  throws 
out  tendrils  at  the  joints;  by  this  it  fastens  itself  to  any  wood  it 
touches. 

BIGNONIA  capreolata  (Trumpet  Vine).  This  is  a high  climbing 
shrub,  clinging  by  rootlets.  It  should  be  grown  on  posts,  stumps, 
etc.  Strong,  rapid  growers. 

CLEMATIS  (Virgin's  Bower).  Clematis  plants  of  the  improved  sorts 
are  exceedingly  hardy,  slender-branched,  climbing  shrubs  of  marvel- 
ously rapid  growth  and  handsome  foliage,  which  produce  beautiful 
large  flowers  of  various  colors  in  great  abundance,  and  during  a 
long  period.  They  do  best  in  a rich  soil  in  a sunny  situation. 

coccinea.  Small,  bell-shaped  red  blooms. 

Henryi.  This  is  the  finest  of  all  white  Clematises,  and  should  find 
a place  in  every  collection.  It  is  not  only  a vigorous  grower,  but  is 
a remarkably  free  and  continuous  bloomer,  beginning  with  the 
earliest  and  holding  on  with  the  latest. 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


Hall’s  Japan  Honeysuckle 


CLIMBING  VINES,  continued 

Clematis  Jackmannii.  This  is,  perhaps,  the  best  known  of  the  fine 
perpetual  Clematises,  and  should  have  credit  for  the  great  popu- 
larity now  attending  this  family  of  beautiful  climbers.  The  plant 
is  free  in  its  form  of  growth,  and  an  abundant  and  successful 
bloomer,  producing  flowers  until  frost.  The  flowers  are  large,  of 
an  intense  violet-purple  color,  remarkable  for  its  velvety  richness. 
Blooms  July  to  October. 

Mme.  Edouard  Andre.  This  is  the  nearest  approach  to  a bright 
red  Clematis,  and  has  been  called  the  “crimson  Jackmanii.”  The 
plant  is  a strong  vigorous  grower  and  very  free  in  bloom.  Color  a 
distinct  crimson-red;  a very  pleasing  shade  and  entirely  distinct 
from  all  other  varieties. 

paniculata  (Sweet-scented  Japanese  Clematis).  Very  rapid  growth, 
quickly  covering  trellises  and  arbors  with  handsome,  clean,  glossy 
green  foliage.  The  flowers  are  of  medium  size,  pure  white,  borne  in 
immense  sheets  and  of  a most  delicious  and  penetrating  fragrance. 
Blooms  in  September,  at  a season  when  very  few  other  vines  are 
in  bloom. 

Ramona.  Similar  to  C.  Jackmanii,  but  flowers  of  a bright  blue. 

HONEYSUCKLE,  Chinese  Twining  {Lonicera  japonica).  A well- 
known  vine,  holding  its  foliage  nearly  all  winter.  Blooms  in  July 
and  September;  very  sweet.  Red  and  white  blossoms. 

Hall’s  Japan  (L.  Halliana).  A strong,  vigorous  evergreen  variety 
with  pure  white  flowers,  changing  to  yellow.  Very  fragrant.  Cov- 
ered with  flowers  from  June  to  November. 

Monthly  Fragrant  {L.  belgica).  Blossoms  all  summer;  flowers  red 
and  yellow;  very  sweet;  rapid  grower. 

Scarlet  Trumpet  {L.  sempervirens) . A strong  grower,  and  produces 
bright  scarlet,  inodorous  flowers  all  summer. 

IVY,  English  {Hedera  helix).  A well-known  old  and  popular  sort. 
Should  be  planted  on  the  north  side  to  avoid  exposure  to  the  sun 
and  consequent  sunburn. 

VIRGINIA  CREEPER  {Ampelopsis  guinguefolia) . See  page  40. 

WISTERIA,  Purple  {Wistaria  sinensis).  A most  beautiful  climber  of 
rapid  growth,  producing  long,  pendulous  clusters  of  pale  blue  flowers. 
When  well  established,  makes  an  enormous  growth.  It  is  very 
hardy,  and  one  of  the  most  superb  vines  ever  introduced.  Both 
the  purple  and  white  Wisterias  are  superb  vines  for  porch  screens, 
covering  trellises  or  old  trees. 

White  {W.  sinensis  alba).  Similar  to  above  except  white,  and  rather 
tender. 


41 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


Miscellaneous  Bedding  Plants 

Dahlias 

Few  cultivated  plants  have  such  a wide  range  of  color  as  the  Dahlia. 
It  is  a favorite  generally  on  account  of  its  fall  blooming  proclivities  and 
on  account  of  its  cheapness.  Massed  in  corners,  or  backgrounds  its 
beautiful  bright-colored  blooms,  supported  on  tall,  stiff  stems,  furnish 
a touch  of  color  much  needed  in  autumn  when  so  few  flowers  are  in 
bloom.  We  offer  the  two  most  popular  types,  the  Cactus  and  Deco- 
rative. 

Planting.  The  following  directions  from  Bailey’s  “Cyclopedia  of 
Horticulture”  are  authoritative: 

“Plant  large,  strong  roots  about  two  weeks  before  danger  of  frost  is 
over.  Young  plants  and  small  roots  should  be  planted  about  three 
weeks  later,  or  after  all  danger  of  frost  is  over.  Lay  the  tubers  on  their 
side  about  twice  or  three  times  their  depth.” 

Tillage.  Thoroughly  stir  the  soil  to  considerable  depth  and  enrich  it 
if  it  is  not  already  rich.  This  allows  the  roots  to  go  down  deep  after 
the  moisture  more  readily  during  dry  weather.  During  its  early  stage 
of  development,  the  Dahlia  grows  very  rapidly,  and  should  be  kept 
thoroughly  tilled.  But  while  deep  tillage  is  beneficial  during  its  early 
stages  of  development,  it  is  almost  fatal  to  the  production  of  flowers  if 
practised  after  the  plants  come  into  bloom. 

Position.  Dahlias  are  easily  destroyed  by  high  winds  unless  placed  in 
a protected  position  or  well  staked. 

Storing  the  Roots.  As  soon  as  the  plants  are  killed  by  frost,  lift  the 
roots,  and,  after  removing  all  the  soil  possible  from  them  allow  them  to 
dry  in  the  air  for  a few  hours,  when  they  should  be  stored  in  the  cellar 
or  some  other  cool  place  secure  from  frost. 

Replanting  or  Dividing  the  Roots.  As  the  eyes  are  not  on  the  tubers, 
but  on  the  crown  to  which  the  tubers  are  attached,  care  must  be  taken 
that  each  division  has  at  least  one  eye,  otherwise  the  roots  will  never 
grow.  A little  study  will  show  you  how  to  divide  the  tubers. 

Cactus  Dahlia, 

characterized  by 
long,  narrow, 
twisted,  pointed 
petals.  This  is  un- 
doubtedly the 
best  known  and 
most  popular  of 
the  various  types 
of  Dahlias. 
Decorative  Dah- 
lia. Excellent  for 
cut-flowers. 
Characterized  by 
its  strong,  erect 
growth  and  its 
very  large,  loosely 
formed  flowers  on 
strong,  stiff  stems 
far  above  the  foli- 
age. 

We  can  furnish 
the  four  primary 
colors  in  each  of 
the  above  types — 
Pink,  Red,  White, 
and  Yellow — in  first 
quality,  blooming 
size  tubers. 


Cactus  Dahlia 


42 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


Border  of  Peonies 


Peonies 

The  gorgeous,  dazzling  Peony  is  one  flower  which  should  be  planted 
more  extensively  than  it  has  been  in  the  past.  It  is  descended  from 
PcEonia  alhiflora,  a native  of  Siberia,  and  is  the  one  flower  for  the  North- 
west, for  it  stands  any  kind  of  weather  without  injury.  Being  abso- 
lutely hardy,  flowering  in  greater  profusion  each  succeeding  year,  and 
being  pest-  and  disease-proof,  it  deserves  to  be  widely  planted. 

Peonies  will  not  reproduce  typical  blooms  the  first  season,  many  fine 
double  varieties  throwing  single  or  semi-double  flowers,  and  it  is  not  till 
the  third  year  that  the  finest  flowers  are  produced.  Each  succeeding 
year  adds  to  the  beauty  of  the  flowers. 

For  Memorial  Day  Peonies  are  grown  in  large  quantities,  and  there 
is  seldom  enough  to  supply  the  demand  at  good  prices.  Nothing  is  more 
suitable  for  social  functions,  weddings,  and  church  decorations.  For 
home  and  table  decorations  they  are  splendid  and  last  in  water  longer 
than  most  other  flowers.  Their  delicate  perfume  scents  the  whole  house. 
By  placing  the  buds  in  cold  storage  they  may  be  kept  in  first-class  con- 
dition for  three  or  four  weeks. 

When  Planting.  Plant  so  that  the  eyes  will  be  from  2 to  3 inches 
below  the  surface. 

Culture.  While  they  require  practically  no  care,  yet  they  will  abun- 
dantly repay  good  care  and  nourishment.  However,  do  not  put  manure 
too  near  the  roots  nor  cover  the  crowns  of  the  plants  in  winter  with  it. 
As  the  roots  go  straight  down  the  soil  can  be  cultivated  around  them 
and  fine,  well-rotted  manure  worked  in  with  the  soil. 

The  following  list  is  not  so  long  as  to  be  confusing,  but  comprises 
some  of  the  best  standard  sorts,  all  of  which  are  first  class  and  sure  to 
please.  No  mistake  will  be  made  in  planting  liberally  from  this  list. 

Duke  of  Wellington.  Large,  globular  flowers,  with  white  guards  and 
sulphur  center.  Fragrant.  Medium  tall,  vigorous  grower;  free  bloomer. 
Late. 

Felix  Crousse.  Large;  globular;  rich,  even,  brilliant,  dazzling,  ruby- 
red.  Strong  vigorous  grower;  medium  height.  Free  bloomer.  One  of 
the  best  red  varieties.  Especially  fine  for  cut-flowers. 

43 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


PEONIES,  continued 

Festiva  Maxima.  Very  large,  globular,  rose  type.  Pure  white  center, 
prominently  flecked  crimson;  outer  petals  sometimes  faint  lilac- 
white  on  first  opening.  Very  tall,  strong,  vigorous  grower.  The  finest 
white  Peony  in  existence.  With  us  it  usually  blooms  from  about 
May  I to  25. 

Floral  Treasure.  Very  large,  showy,  rose  type;  pale  lilac-rose;  fra- 
grant. Strong,  tall,  upright  grower;  free  bloomer.  One  of  the  best  for 
cut-flowers.  Midseason. 

Gigantea.  Enormous  flowers  8 to  9 inches  across,  of  an  exquisite  shade 
of  clear  pink.  One  of  the  best. 

La  Perle.  Very  large,  compact,  globular,  rose  type.  Deep  lilac-white, 
blush  center,  prominently  flecked  with  carmine.  F ragrant.  Tall ; extra 
strong;  free  bloomer.  Midseason.  Extra  good. 

L’Eclatante.  Very  large;  compact;  brilliant  red.  Medium  height; 
extra  strong.  Midseason.  Extra  good. 

Marie  Lemoine.  Large,  very  compact,  rose  type.  Pure  white  with 
cream-white  center,  occasional  carmine  tip.  Fragrant.  Medium 
height,  extra-strong  stem.  Extra-good  commercial  variety.  Follows 
Festiva  Maxima. 


Daisies,  Shasta 

Chrysanthemum  maximum  hybridum 

Originated  by  Luther  Burbank,  from  whom  we  secured  our  supply. 
A marvelous  combination  of  size,  grace,  abundance,  and  general  effec- 
tiveness of  flowers,  which  are  borne  on  long,  clean,  strong  stems.  Snowy 
white  or  cream  colored,  4 to  5 inches  across. 


Iris  germanica  (German  Iris) 

The  true  Fleur-de-Lis,  the  national  flower  of  France.  They  are  per- 
fectly hardy,  thrive  anywhere,  grow  and  blossom  luxuriantly,  partic- 
ularly if  plentifully  supplied  with  water  or  if  planted  in  moist  situations, 
as  on  banks  of  ponds,  etc.  Plants  well  established  produce  from  50  to 
100  spikes  of  bloom,  deliciously  fragrant  and  fine  for  cutting.  In  beauty, 
the  flowers  rival  the  finest  orchids,  colors  ranging  through  richest  yel- 
lows, intense  purples,  delicate  blues,  soft  mauves,  beautiful  claret-reds, 
white,  primrose,  and  bronzes  of  every  imaginable  shade. 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


From  the  dawn  of  history  the  Rose  has  reigned  as  the  queen  of  flowers, 
and  until  time  shall  end  it  will  so  continue.  Immortalized  in  art  and 
song,  its  beauty  and  fragrance  the  theme  of  the  poet,  symbolized  in 
sacred  literature,  and  endeared  to  countless  generations  through  the 
tender  associations  of  love  and  home,  it  will  always  claim  the  devotion 
of  mankind  as  does  no  other  plant  creation. 

Henry  Ward  Beecher  says  of  the  Rose:  “The  sweetest  thing  that 
God  made  and  forgot  to  put  a soul  in  is  the  rose.”  To  this  we  heartily 
say,  “Amen!” 

Although  to  our  foreign  friends,  with  their  painstaking  care  and  love 
of  the  beautiful,  must  still  be  given  the  credit  for  developing  many  of 
the  newer  types,  it  remains  for  the  Pacific  Coast  to  bring  most  of  these 
to  their  greatest  perfection.  The  interest  in  Rose-culture  extends  every- 
where, and  now  the  arid  and  irrigated  regions  are  growing  most  mag- 
nificent specimens,  vieing  with  the  more  humid  climate  of  the  coast 
section  in  the  perfection  of  plant  and  bloom. 

'No  shrub  or  flower  responds  so  readily  to  a little  care  and  attention 
and  returns  such  an  abundance  of  beauty  and  fragrance  through  so 
long  a period  as  does  the  Rose.  Not  a lot  so  small  or  acre  so  broad  but 
the  Rose  must  be  the  crowning  feature. 

Rose-growing  is  not  an  expensive  luxury,  neither  does  it  require  great 
labor.  No  other  flower  can  be  so  well  afforded  by  rich  and  poor  alike. 
It  adds  charm  and  attractiveness  to  the  humble  home  of  the  lowly  as 
well  as  to  the  mansion  of  the  aristocrat. 

The  following  list,  while  not  so  long  as  some,  comprises  the  best  of 
the  old  standard  sorts  as  well  as  the  cream  of  the  newer  introductions. 
Much  time  has  been  given  to  the  selection  of  varieties  that  would  suit 
the  wide  range  of  tastes  that  rhust  necessarily  arise  from  as  extended  a 
field  as  we  cover.  We  have  carefully  considered  the  milder  coast  cli- 
mate, also  the  more  severe  climate  east  of  the  Cascades,  and  believe 
you  will  find  that  our  list  includes  the  best-known  varieties,  adapted  to 
both  sections. 

Not  Hothouse  Grown.  Do  not  confound  our  choice  two-year  field- 
grown  stock  with  the  small,  tender  hothouse  plants  offered  at  low  prices. 
Such  plants  always  prove  a disappointment,  and  besides,  if  they  do 
live,  you  have  to  wait  two  years  before  getting  a bloom. 

Blooms  the  First  Season.  Our  plants  are  hardy,  field-grown,  two- 
year  stock,  well  rooted,  and  will  bloom  the  first  summer.  It  pays  to  get 
the  best  always. 

We  Pay  Transportation  Charges.  Remember  that  our  prices  cover 
charges  prepaid  to  destination.  We  pack  carefully  and  guarantee  stock 
to  arrive  in  good  condition. 


Gold  Medal  and 


Other  Roses 


45 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


Marechal  Niel  Climbing  Rose  (See  page  54) 


ROSES,  continued 

Planting  Hints.  The  simplest  and  easiest  way  to  prepare  the  bed  is 
to  spade  the  soil  deeply,  mixing  with  it  a good  supply  of  well-rotte 
stable  manure.  See  that  the  ground  drains  well,  and  in  sections  east  o^ 
the  Cascades  try  to  secure  a position  somewhat  shaded,  for  the  bloom^ 
fades  out  too  quickly  if  exposed  to  the  hot,  glaring  sun  the  entire  day. 
Plants  should  also  be  somewhat  protected  from  the  fierce,  driving  winds 
sometimes  found  in  these  sections. 

If  Dry  Upon  Arrival.  If,  through  unusual  delay,  the  plants  appear 
dry  upon  arrival,  dig  a trench,  laying  the  bushes  down  flat  singly  in 
the  trench,  covering  well  with  earth,  both  root  and  top,  to  a depth  of  3 
to  4 inches.  Soak  well  with  water  and  leave  two  or  three  days,  then 
dig  them  up  and  plant.  It  is  surprising  how  this  will  revive  them. 

Do  Not  Expose  to  Wind  and  Sun  before  planting,  as  this  quickly  dries 
out  and  impairs  the  vitality  of  the  plant.  Keep  well  covered  with  damp 
burlap  or  set  the  plants  in  a bucket  of  water  while  planting. 

Do  Not  Let  Manure  Come  in  Contact  with  the  Roots  or  the. Top;  it 
will  burn  or  damage  the  plant.  Keep  the  soil  well  cultivated. 

How  to  Prune.  Before  planting  cut  back  the  tops  to  about  6 inches, 
leaving  one  to  three  prongs.  Cut  back  the  roots  somewhat,  trimming  off 
the  bruised  or  broken  ends.  A fresh  cut  callouses  quickly.  Each  suc- 
ceeding year  cut  out  all  dead  wood  in  the  early  spring  as  soon  as  the 
frost  is  out  of  the  ground,  and  leave  three  to  five  of  the  strongest  shoots 
of  last  year’s  growth,  but  cut  these  back  to  8 to  12  inches  from  the 
ground.  The  stronger-growing  shoots  should  be  cut  back  to  12  inches 
and  the  weaker  ones  to  8 inches.  This  applies  more  particularly  to  the 
vigorous  growing  Hybrid  Perpetuals.  The  Hybrid  Tea  Roses  should  be 
pruned  lightly,  shortening  the  strongest  shoots  to  4 to  6 inches.  With 
Rambler  or  (Climbing  Roses,  remove  the  dead  shoots  and  thin  out  the 
tall  shoots,  cutting  back  when  necessary  to  within  3 inches  of  the  base. 
If  your  Roses  are  budded  instead  of  “own-root”  Roses,  then  watch  out 
for  wild  Rose  suckers  which  come  from  below  the  surface.  These  must 
be  removed  when  they  appear  or  they  will  soon  grow  up  and  smother 
the  plant,  rendering  it  practically  worthless. 

Pests.  For  aphis,  cultivate  the  ground  well,  sprinkle  the  plants  with 
tobacco  dust  or  insect  powder,  after  which  spray  with  water.  Or  they 
may  be  readily  controlled  by  early  spraying  with  an  Ivory  soap  solution 
(an  eight-cent  cake  to  eight  gallons  of  water),  the  standard  kerosene 
emulsion  diluted  with  twelve  to  fifteen  parts  of  w'ater,  or  a tobacco  pre- 
paration such  as  Black-Leaf  40.  Be  sure  to  spray  early  before  the  plant- 
lice  become  abundant.  Pick  off  by  hand  the  caterpillar  or  rose  grub. 

46 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


ROSES,  continued 

Winter  Protection.  Experience  has  shown  that  the  best  protection 
for  Roses  is  the  soil.  Before  the  ground  freezes  in  winter  draw  up  well 
around  the  plant  the  surrounding  soil,  at  least  one-third  or  half  its 
height.  If  the  variety  is  rather  tender,  cover  the  plant  entirely.  Remove 
in  the  spring  as  soon  as  the  frost  is  gone  from  the  soil. 

Budded  Roses  vs.  Roses  on  Their  Own  Roots.  For  the  average 
amateur  planter  we  cannot  too  strongly  recommend  the  planting  of 
“own-root”  roses.  Very  few  will  notice  the  wild  Rose  growth  which 
comes  as  “suckers”  from  the  budded  Roses,  consequently  it  is  apt  to 
kill  the  remainder  of  the  plant  in  time.  Furthermore,  we  have  found 
that  as  a general  rule  the  “own-root”  Roses  are  hardier.  Of  course, 
there  are  some  varieties  that  do  not  do  well  on  their  own  root  and  have 
to  be  budded.  All  Roses  of  our  own  growing,  however,  are  “own-root” 
stock,  but  when  we  occasionally  buy  elsewhere  we  sometimes  get 
budded  Roses. 


Abbreviations  Used  To  Designate  the  Various 
Classes  of  Roses 


H.P.,  Hybrid  Perpetual.  Hardy,  vigorous  and  easily  grown.  Though 
called  perpetual  they  are  not  such  free  bloomers  as  the  Hybrid  Teas 
and  Teas,  but  bloom  only  at  intervals  during  the  summer  and  fall. 
Recommended  for  planting  in  any  section  east  of  the  Cascades  and  in 
the  higher  elevations  wherever  Roses  can  grow. 

H.T.,  Hybrid  Tea.  A cross  between  the  hardy  Hybrid  Perpetuals 
and  the  deliciously  scented  Tea  Roses.  Not  so  hardy  as  the  Hybrid 
Perpetuals,  but  freer  bloomers  and  more  fragrant.  This  is  the  so-called 
“monthly  blooming”  class.  Not  recommended  for  planting  where 
winter  temperature  gets  below  15  degrees  below  zero,  unless  one  is 
prepared  to  give  extra  winter  protection. 

T.,  Tea.  These  are  the  favorites  where  they  can  be  successfully  grown 
on  account  of  their  everblooming  qualities,  fragrance,  delicate  colors, 
and  fine  forms.  Good  for  growing  indoors  in  winter.  Not  hardy  and 
recommended  only  for  the  milder  sections  west  of  the  Cascades. 

Poly.,  Polyantha.  Delightful  for  massing  in  beds,  or  as  edges  for 
borders  or  beds  of  taller  growing  Roses.  Their  small,  neat  flowers  are 
produced  in  large  clusters,  entirely  covering  the  plant,  through  the 
summer  and  fall.  They  are  useful  for  indoor  as  well  as  outdoor  growing. 
Will  grow  wherever  the  Hybrid  Perpetuals  will  grow. 

Wich.,  Wichuraiana  Roses  and  Their  Hybrids.  An  almost  ever- 
green type  that  creeps  along  the  ground  and  covered,  when  in  bloom, 
with  immense  bunches  of  single  Roses.  Some  of  them,  such  as  Dorothy 
Perkins,  are  double,  are  good  climbers  and  very  beautiful.  Exceedingly 


47 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


ROSES,  continued 

Per.,  Pernetiana.  A new  race  originated  by  Pernet-Ducher,  famous 
rosarians  of  France,  and  which  is  becoming  very  popular,  being  abso- 
lutely hardy  and  free  blooming. 

Gold  Medal.  Those  marked  “Gold  Medal”  have  taken  the  Gold 
Medal  at  the  National  Rose  Show,  London,  not  in  competition  with 
other  Roses,  but  because  they  have  reached  a certain  standard  of  merit. 
This  Gold  Medal  is  only  awarded  for  unusual  excellence  and  is  in  itself 
a sufficient  guarantee  of  merit.  You  will  notice  our  list  comprises  a 
great  many  of  these. 

Index  to  Roses 

This  index  will  give  you  quick  and  ready  reference  to  color,  and 
page  for  more  complete  description. 

NAME  CLASS  COLOR  PAGE 

American  Beauty H.P Red 49 

Baby  Rambler,  Crimson Poly Red 53 

Betty H.T Imperial  pink 50 

Blue  Rose H.W Blue 54 

British  Queen H.T White 50 

Cecile  Brunner Poly Salmon-rose 53 

Columbia H.T Glowing  pink 50 

Climbing  American  Beauty Cl.  H.P.  ...  Red 54 

Climbing  Kaiserin  Augusta  Victoria  . Cl.H.T.  . . . White 54 

Climbing  Mme.  Caroline  Testout  . . Cl.H.T.  . . . Pink 54 

Climbing  Meteor Cl.H.T.  . , . Red 54 

Crimson  Rambler Mult Red 54 

Dorothy  Perkins H.W Shell-pink 54 

Duchess  of  Sutherland H.P Pink 49 

Edward  Mawley H.T Red 50 

Empress  of  China  (Climbing)  . . . Cl.  Ben.  . . . Light  pink 54 

Etoile  de  France H.T Red 50 

Excelsa  (Red  Dorothy  Perkins)  . . . H.W Red 54 

Flower  of  Fairfield Mult Red 54 

Frau  Karl  Druschki H.P White 49 

Gen.  Jacqueminot H.P Red 49 

Gen.  MacArthur H.T Red 50 

George  Arends H.P Pink 49 

George  Dickson H.T Red 50 

Gloire  Lyonnaise H.P Lemon-yellow 49 

Gruss  an  Teplitz H.T Red 50 

Harry  Kirk H.T Coppery  yellow  ....  51 

Hermosa H.T Pink 51 

His  Majesty H.P Crimson 49 

Hoosier  Beauty H.T Red 51 

Hugh  Dickson H.P Red 49 

J.  B.  Clark H.T Deep  scarlet 51 

Jonkheer  J.  L.  Mock H.T Pink 51 

Kaiserin  Augusta  Victoria H.T White 51 

Killarney H.T Pink 51 

Lady  Hillingdon H.T Yellow 51 

La  France H.T Pink 51 

Lillian  Moore H.T Indian  yellow 51 

Los  Angeles H.T Flame-pink,  shaded  gold  . 52 

Lyon H.T Crab-red  52 

Magna  Charta H.P Pink 50 

Maman  Cochet T Silvery  pink 53 

Marechal  Niel  (Climbing) Cl.T Yellow 54 

Margaret  Dickson H.P White 50 

Marshall  P.  Wilder H.P Cherry-carmine  ....  50 

Mme.  Alfred  Carriere H.Nois.  . . . White 54 

Mme.  Caroline  Testout H.T Pink 52 

Mrs.  Aaron  Ward H.T Yellow 52 

Mrs.  John  Laing H.P Pink 50 

Ophelia H.T - . Salmon-flesh 52 

Orleans Poly Geranium-red 53 

Papa  Gontier T Red 53 

Paul  Neyron H.P Shining  pink 50 

Pink  Moss M.  .....  . Pink 54 

Prince  Camille  de  Rohan H.P Blackish  red 50 

Red  Moss M Red 54 

Richmond H.T Red 52 

Safrano T Yellow 53 

Soleil  d’Or H.P Yellow 50 

Sunburst H.T Yellow 52 

Sunset T Yellow 53 

Tausendschon  (Climbing) Mult Pink 54 

Ulrich  Brunner H.P Red 50 

White  Killarney H.T White 52 

White  La  France H.T White 52 

White  Moss M White 54 

White  Dorothy  Perkins  (Climbing)  . H.W White 54 

White  Rambler Mult White 54 

Yellow  Rambler  (Climbing) Mult Yellow 54 

48 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


Los  Angeles  Rose  (see  page  52) 

Hybrid  Perpetual  Roses 

American  Beauty.  Vigorous  grower;  large  globular  blooms  of  deep 
pinkish  red,  shaded  carmine;  fragrant;  fine.  Free  bloomer. 

Duchess  of  Sutherland.  (Gold  Medal.)  Erect  and  vigorous  grower, 
with  large,  full,  finely  formed  flowers  on  stout  canes.  Color,  warm, 
rosy  pink,  with  lemon-yellow  shadings  upon  the  white  at  base  of 
petals.  Very  fragrant.  A very  promising  sort. 

Frau  Karl  Druschki  (White  American  Beauty).  Vigorous.  This  grand 
white  Rose  has  become  renowned  as  the  very  highest  type  of  its  class 
and  the  best  snow-white  Rose  ever  introduced.  An  extraordinary 
strong  grower  with  the  vigor  and  hardiness  of  the  oak.  Its  magnificent 
flowers  are  nothing  less  than  glorious.  Beautiful,  long,  pointed  buds, 
a pure  white — the  standard  by  which  all  other  white  Roses  are 
judged. 

George  Arends  (Pink  American  Beauty).  This  splendid  new  Rose  bears 
some  resemblance  in  growth  and  bloom  to  that  famous  hardy  white 
Rose,  Frau  Karl  Druschki.  The  flowers  are  of  large  and  massive  pro- 
portions, surmounting  stout,  almost  thornless  canes  in  a most  im- 
posing manner.  The  color  is  a delightful  fresh  and  bright  shade  of 
pink  with  silvery  suffusions.  One  of  the  most  valuable  varieties  that 
have  appeared  for  many  years. 

General  Jacqueminot.  Vigorous;  brilliant  velvety  crimson;  large, 
showy,  and  fragrant.  Probably  one  of  the  most  popular  of  the  Hybrid 
Perpetuals.  An  old  favorite. 

Gloire  Lyonnaise.  Vigorous.  Rich,  creamy  white,  passing,  when  open, 
to  a pale  shade  of  salmon-yellow,  deepest  at  the  center.  Absolutely 
hardy  everywhere,  should  be  planted  freely.  Blooms  of  immense  size, 
full  and  double.  Deliciously  scented. 

His  Majesty.  (Gold  Medal.)  Very  vigorous.  Sometimes  called  the 
Crimson  Frau  Karl  Druschki.  Produces  blooms  of  immense  size  on 
fine,  long  canes  as  straight  as  arrows.  Color,  dark  crimson  shaded 
deep  vermilion  toward  the  edges.  Of  wonderful  substance  and  depth 
of  petal  with  high  pointed  center.  One  of  the  sweetest  perfumed  Roses 
in  cultivation. 

Hugh  Dickson.  Vigorous.  Brilliant  crimson,  shaded  scarlet;  fine  form; 
good  size.  Highly  perfumed.  Awarded  the  Nickerson  Prize  as  the 
best  red  Rose  in  existence  for  general  garden  cultivation. 

49 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


HYBRID  PERPETUAL  ROSES,  continued 

Margaret  Dickson.  (Gold  Medal.)  Of  magnificent  form;  white,  with 
pale  flesh  center;  petals  very  large,  shell-shaped  and  of  great  sub- 
stance; fragrant.  Foliage  very  large,  dark  green. 

Marshall  P.  Wilder.  Color  bright  cherry-carmine;  fragrant;  of  good 
growth,  with  fine  foliage.  One  of  the  freest  of  the  Hybrid  Perpetuals 
to  bloom.  We  can  recommend  this  Rose  without  hesitation. 

Mrs.  John  Laing.  (Gold  Medal.)  Vigorous.  Hardly  ever  out  of  bloom 
all  surnmer.  Long  buds;  color  a beautiful  shade  of  delicate  pink;  of 
large  size;  very  fragrant.  A mighty  fine  Rose. 

Magna  Charta.  Very  vigorous.  A general  favorite  on  account  of  its 
strong,  upright  growth  and  bright,  healthy  foliage.  Bright  rose-pink; 
very  large;  of  fine  shape. 

Paul  Neyron.  Very  vigorous.  The  flowers  are  immense,  probably  the 
largest  and  finest  Rose  grown.  Bright,  shining  pink,  clear  and  beau- 
tiful; very  double  and  full;  finely  scented.  Blooms  all  summer. 

Prince  Camille  de  Rohan.  Vigorous.  One  of  the  darkest  red  Roses. 
Rich,  velvety  crimson,  changing  to  intense  maroon.  Celebrated  the 
world  over  for  its  large,  handsome,  fragrant  flowers,  and  the  freedom 
with  which  they  are  produced.  A very  prolific  bloomer  and  the  flowers 
are  of  excellent  size  and  form. 

Soleil  d’Or.  (Austrian  Briar.)  Hardy.  Varying  in  color  from  orange- 
yellow  to  reddish  gold,  shaded  with  nasturtium-red;  conical  shaped 
buds  opening  to  large,  attractive  flowers.  Free  blooming  and  alto- 
gether very  fine. 

Ulrich  Brunner.  Extra  vigorous.  Very  rich,  cherry-red  blooms,  large 
to  very  large,  full,  of  the  best  substance  and  very  fragrant.  The  most 
perpetual  bloomer  of  its  class.  Very  hardy. 

Hybrid  Teas 

Betty.  (Gold  Medal.)  Imperial  pink,  a rare  color;  large;  beautifully 
formed;  high  center;  very  free  bloomer.  Sometimes  described  as  cop- 
pery rose  overlaid  with  golden  yellow.  Deliciously  scented. 

British  Queen.  H.T.  (Gold  Medal.)  The  finely  formed  flowers  are 
very  large,  and  open  freely  in  all  weathers.  Color  pure  white,  occa- 
sionally tinted  with  flesh.  A new  Irish  Rose  of  great  merit.  One  of 
the  finest  whites. 

Columbia.  It  is  a big  Rose,  the  open  flower  measuring  fully  6 inches 
across.  The  color  is  a true  pink,  deepening  as  it  opens  to  glowing 
pink.  A peculiarity  of  the  variety  is  that  the  shades  all  become  more 
intense  until  the  full  maturity  of  the  open  flower  is  reached  and  this 
color  is  enduring.  The  flowers  are  produced  in  long,  stout  canes  high 
above  the  body  of  the  plant.  Received  the  highest  award  for  the 
year  1919  from  the  American  Rose  Society  in  the  Pacific  Coast  trial- 
grounds  at  Portland,  Ore.  A truly  wonderful  Rose. 

Edward  Mawley.  (Gold  Medal.)  Beautiful  dark  crimson;  perfect 
form;  remarkably  distinct.  One  of  the  finest  and  most  beautiful  red 
Roses  ever  introduced.  Very  free  bloomer.  Very  hardy. 

Etoile  de  France.  Flowers  are  very  large,  borne  on  long,  stiff  stems. 
Color  a beautiful  shade  of  clear,  velvety  red-crimson;  very  fragrant. 
Color  lasting.  Free  bloomer.  Deliciously  fragrant  and  one  of  the 
best  red  Roses. 

Gen.  MacArthur.  Vigorous.  Dark,  velvety  scarlet;  large  and  full 
Free  bloomer  and  very  fragrant.  A great  favorite  on  the  Pacific 
Coast. 

George  Dickson.  (Gold  Medal.)  The  color  is  a velvety  black-crim- 
son, the  back  of  the  petals  being  heavily  and  uniquely  veined  with 
deep  pure  crimson-maroon.  The  petals  are  of  splendid  shape,  of 
magnificent  substance,  delightfully  smooth,  and  built  to  make  the 
form  of  flower  perfect.  Wonderfully  lasting.  Free  bloomer;  extra 
good. 

Gruss  an  Teplitz.  This  is  a Bengal  or  China  Rose,  but  is  usually 
classed  as  a Hybrid  Tea.  Extra  vigorous.  Fiery  scarlet-crimson, 
shading  to  rich  velvety  crimson.  Very  fragrant  and  a good  decora- 
tive Rose.  Profuse  bloomer. 


50 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


HYBRID  TEA  ROSES,  continued 

Harry  Kirk.  (Gold  Medal.)  Color  deep  sulphur-yellow,  passing  to 
lighter  shade  at  the  edges.  Unique;  perfect  form;  large;  free  bloomer. 

Hermosa.  (Bengal.)  Vigorous.  Very  hardy.  Always  in  bloom  and 
always  beautiful.  Color  pink.  The  flower  is  cupped,  finely  formed, 
and  full.  A great  favorite. 

Hoosier  Beauty.  The  Rose  par  excellence  for  cut-flower  purposes. 
Beautiful,  long,  pointed  buds  on  very  long  stems,  making  it  ideal  for 
this  purpose.  Color  a brilliant,  dazzling  red,  shaded  darker  maroon. 
Without  doubt  one  of  the  very  best  red  Roses. 

J.  B.  Clark.  Color  is  unique  among  Roses,  being  deep  scarlet  shaded 
blackish  crimson  with  rich  bloom  like  a plum. 

Jonkheer  J.  L.  Mock.  (Gold  Medal.)  New.  Strongest  grower  of  the 
Hybrid  Teas.  A mixture  of  rich  bright  pink,  faced  with  carmine  and 
salmon.  Flowers  very  full  and  sweetly  scented.  Free  bloomer  and 
unusually  good. 

Kaiserin  Augusta  Victoria.  Beautiful,  large,  pointed,  elegant  buds, 
followed  by  very  large,  full,  double  flowers;  delicate  creamy  white; 
deliciously  scented.  Vigorous,  healthy  grower  and  constant  bloomer. 
One  of  the  best  whites  in  this  class. 

Killarney.  The  finest  pink  forcing  Rose  ever  introduced.  The  famous 
Irish  Rose.  Bush  strong  and  upright,  with  beautiful,  deep,  bronzy 
green  foliage.  Buds  long  and  pointed.  Free  bloomer  and  very  fra- 
grant. Color  deep  shell-pink,  lightened  with  silvery  pink.  The  base 
of  the  petals  is  a soft  silvery  white  relieved  with  enough  yellow  to 
make  it  more  attractive. 

Lady  Hillingdon.  (Gold  Medal.)  New.  Vigorous.  Deep  golden  yel- 
low; beautifully  long-pointed  buds;  very  free  flowering  and  a splendid 
grower.  A most  beautiful  and  valuable  Rose.  Should  be  in  every 
collection. 

La  France.  Too  well  known  to  need  description.  Delicate,  silvery  rose- 
pink;  very  large  and  full;  an  almost  constant  bloomer;  equal  in 
delicacy  to  a Tea  Rose.  Very  fragrant  and  fine. 

Lillian  Moore.  No  Rose  ever  has  been  offered  to  the  public  with  the 
same  credentials,  it  having  won  in  strenuous  open  competition  with 
Roses  from  all  countries  of  the  world  the  much-coveted  $i,ooo  Trophy 
offered  by  the  Panama-Pacific  Exposition,  San  Francisco,  for  the  best 
new  seedling  Rose  not  in  commerce.  Color  a deep,  pure  Indian  yel- 
low, with  slightly  deeper  center;  buds  long.  Free  bloomer.  A gem. 


Kaiserin  Augusta  Victoria  Roses 


51 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


HYBRID  TEA  ROSES  continued 

Los  Angeles.  Strictly  speaking  this  belongs  to  the  Hybrid  Briar 
class  of  Roses,  but  is  classed  with  the  Hybrid  Teas.  The  buds  are 
long  and  pointed,  expanding  into  a flower  of  splendid  size  and  form. 
The  bloom  is  a luminous  flame-pink,  toned  with  coral  and  shaded 
golden  yellow  at  the  base  of  petals.  Its  intensely  rich  coloring,  to- 
gether with  the  heavy  texture  of  the  petals,  keeps  each  flower  hand- 
some for  a remarkably  long  time.  It  has  a delicious  Tea  fragrance. 
It  is  a fine,  strong  grower,  throwing  up  stout  canes  of  splendid  length 
and  strong  lateral  growth  which  enables  it  to  bloom  so  profusely. 
Unequaled  as  a garden  exhibition  Rose. 


Lyon.  Vigorous.  Center  coral-red  with  salmon  and  chrome-yellow 
shading,  forming  an  indescribably  harmonious  and  beautiful  com- 
bination of  colors.  Very  large  flowers  produced  on  stiff  stems.  A 
prize-winner  wherever  exhibited. 

Mme.  Caroline  Testout.  Vigorous.  Clear,  satiny  pink;  very  large, 
full,  and  free  blooming.  A great  favorite  and  most  valuable.  A sen- 
sation in  the  cut-flower  market.  Thrives  exceptionally  well  in  the 
humid  atmosphere  west  of  the  Cascades. 

Mrs.  Aaron  Ward.  A new  yellow  Rose  of  great  merit.  The  color  is 
Indian-yellow,  copper  and  gold,  at  times  washed  with  salmon-rose. 
Flowers  full  and  of  great  substance.  Beautiful  buds  for  cutting. 

Ophelia.  Salmon-flesh,  shaded  with  rose;  large  and  of  perfect  shape; 
of  excellent  habit,  the  flowers  standing  up  well  on  long,  stiff  stems 
and  produced  in  great  profusion.  Excellent  for  forcing  and  a fine 
decorative  variety.  Vigorous  grower.  Certainly  a most  glorious  Rose. 

Richmond.  Vigorous.  Pure  blood-red;  very  fragrant;  splendid  grower, 
continuous  bloomer  and  really  one  of  the  best  red  Roses  for  the  garden 
ever  introduced.  Beautifully  shaped  buds,  long  and  pointed  on  good, 
stiff  stems.  Keeps  its  color  well  even  in  hot  weather. 

Sunburst.  A very  vigorous  grower  of  erect  and  slightly  spreading 
habit,  with  very  few  thorns.  Flowers  large,  fairly  full,  and  of  nice, 
elongated  cupped  form.  The  coloring  is  a superb  cadmium-yellow, 

with  orange-yel- 
low center.  Very 
fine. 


White  Killarney. 

A pure  white 
sport  from  the 
famous  pink  Kil- 
larney.  Very 
slightly  tinged 
with  pink.  Supe- 
rior to  its  parent, 
and  first  class  in 
every  way.  Be 
sure  to  try  this 
one. 


Richmond  Roses 


White  La  France. 

This  beautiful  va- 
riety, with  flow- 
ers of  pure  white, 
shading  into  a 
center  of  light 
rose,  is  a great 
favorite  on  ac- 
count of  its  free- 
dom of  bloom, 
fragrance,  and 
large  flowers.  A 
vigorous  grower, 
producing  a great 
number  of  buds 
and  flowers.  Fine 
for  general  garden 
culture. 


52 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


Tea  Roses 


Tender.  Recommended  for  planting  only  in  warmer  sections  west 
of  Cascades.  However,  Tea  Roses,  are  worth  all  the  labor  and  time 
that  you  may  devote  to  their  care.  The  best  way  to  protect  them  in 
winter  is  to  dig  a trench  on  one  side  of  the  plant,  slightly  loosen  the 
roots,  then  tip  the  entire  plant  into  the  trench  and  cover  with  soil. 

Maman  Cochet.  Buds  long  and  shapely,  borne  on  long,  stiff  stems. 
One  of  the  largest  Tea  Roses;  flower  is  built  up  or  rounded,  and  very 
double.  Highly  prized  for  cut-flowers.  Silvery  pink,  shaded  with 
salmon-yellow.  Superb. 

Papa  Gontier.  Vigorous.  A grand  red  of  fine,  crimson  shade  and  silken 
texture.  The  bud  is  of  good  size  and  graceful  form,  on  good,  long 
stem,  making  it  very  desirable  for  cut-flowers. 

Safrano.  Bright  apricot-yellow,  changing  to  orange  and  fawn,  some- 
times tinted  with  rose;  valued  highly  for  its  beautiful  buds.  Fragrant 
and  very  free  blooming. 

Sunset.  Flowers  large,  fine,  full,  and  very  double;  deliciously  per- 
fumed. A remarkable  shade  of  rich,  golden  amber,  elegantly  tinted 
and  shaded  with  deep  ruddy  copper. 


Polyantha  or  Baby  Rambler  Roses 

A class  of  miniature  Roses  derived  from  the  Climbing  Polyantha. 
They  are  of  dwarf  habit  and  bloom  so  freely  as  to  cover  the  entire  plant 
with  bloom  all  through  the  summer  and  fall.  The  plants  are  splendid  for 
bedding  or  as  edging  for  borders;  absolutely  hardy.  Completely  hide 
the  plant  with  bloom  from  early  till  late. 

Baby  Rambler.  This  is  the  original  Baby  Rambler,  daddy  of  them  all. 
It  is  in  bloom  all  the  time.  Flowers  in  large  clusters  of  brightest  crim- 
son. Grows  to  a height  of  i8  inches  and  covers  the  plant  with  its 
bloom. 

Cecile  Brunner.  Color  salmon-rose.  Undoubtedly  one  of  the  most 
beautiful  and  lovely  of  these  delightful  miniature  Roses.  Very  fra- 
grant and  always  in  bloom.  Florists  sell  them  by  the  thousands  as 
cut-flowers,  being  very  popular  for  corsage  bouquets. 

Orleans.  (Gold  Medal.)  Geranium-red,  suffused  with  pink,  white 
center — a charming  combination.  Hardy  and  a very  strong  grower; 
the  flowers  are  very  lasting  and  keep  in  fine  condition  on  the  plants  for 
an  unusually  long  time.  The  superb  colorings,  together  with  its 
tremendous  blooming  qualities,  make  it  very  popular. 

53 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


Moss  Roses 

Always  great  favorites,  for  what  can  be  more  elegant  than  the  bud 
of  the  Moss  Rose,  and^  more  delightful  than  its  fragrance?  Perfectly 
hardy.  We  offer  them  in  Pink,  Red,  and  White. 


Climbing  Roses 

Blue  Rose  (Veilchenblau).  Cl.Wich.  The  easiest  way  to  describe  it  is 
to  say  that  it  is  a blue  Crimson  Rambler,  bearing  immense  trusses  of 
semi-double  flowers.  Color  cornflower-blue. 

Climbing  American  Beauty.  H.P.  Same  color,  size,  and  fragrance 
as  American  Beauty  except  it  is  a climber.  Absolutely  hardy  and 
very  free  blooming.  One  of  the  very  finest  red  climbers. 

Climbing  Kaiserin  Augusta  Victoria.  H.T.  Also  known  as  Mrs. 
Robert  Peary.  The  same  beautiful  long,  pointed  bud,  and  fragrant 
flower  of  the  bush  Kaiserin  Augusta  Victoria,  except  that  this  is  a 
climber.  Without  a doubt  the  finest  white  climbing  Rose. 

Climbing  Mme.  Caroline  Testout.  H.T.  Same  as  the  well-known 
bush  Testout,  but  of  a climbing  habit.  Very  fine. 

Climbing  Meteor.  H.T.  A very  fine  ever-blooming  climber.  Rich, 
velvety  crimson.  Extremely  strong  grower.  In  the  extreme  north 
it  should  be  laid  on  the  ground  in  winter  and  covered  with  leaves  or 
straw. 

Crimson  Rambler.  Cl. Poly.  Bright  crimson  flowers,  produced  in 
large  clusters  of  pyramidal  form.  Fine  variety  for  pillars  and  arches. 
Also  makes  an  attractive  hedge  if  grown  on  a fence.  A Rose  for  the 
masses. 

Dorothy  Perkins.  Cl.Wich.  Shell-pink  flowers,  borne  in  large  clusters 
like  Crimson  Rambler.  Very  double,  sweet-scented  and  very  beautiful. 
Hardy.  Foliage  of  a waxy  green. 

Excelsa,  or  Red  Dorothy  Perkins.  Cl.Wich.  It  Is  a good  deal  to 
claim  for  a Rose,  but  we  are  within  bounds  when  we  describe  Excelsa 
as  a brilliant  Crimson  Rambler  flower  on  glossy,  varnished  Wich- 
uraiana  foliage.  The  flowers  are  very  double,  produced  in  large  trusses 
of  thirty  to  forty,  and  almost  every  eye  on  a shoot  produces  clusters 
of  flowers.  The  color  is  intense  crimson-maroon,  the  tips  of  the  petals 
tinged  with  scarlet.  The  finest  of  all  the  red  ramblers. 

Empress  of  China.  Cl. Bengal.  Bright  pink,  small,  perfectly  formed 
flowers  in  large  clusters.  Free-flowering  and  very  hardy. 

Flower  of  Fairfield.  Cl. Poly.  The  everblooming  Crimson  Rambler. 
While  not  strictly  an  everblooming  Rose,  yet  it  does  bloom  over  a 
longer  season  than  the  Crimson  Rambler. 

Mme.  Alfred  Carriere.  Hb. Noisette.  Pure  white,  suffused  with 
yellow  at  base  of  petals;  very  free  and  very  fragrant;  fine  for  arches 
and  pillars.  West  of  the  Cascades  it  grows  to  the  roofs  of  two-story 
houses,  covering  the  entire  side  or  end  of  a large-sized  house,  and 
making  it  simply  a wilderness  of  blooms.  Quite  hardy. 

Marechal  Niel.  Cl.T.  This  is  the  old  standby  yellow  Rose  in  the 
South  and  along  the  sheltered  portions  of  the  coast.  Immense,  deep 
golden  yellow  flowers  with  the  deepest,  richest  tea  fragrance  of  all 
Roses.  Not  recommended  for  planting  east  of  the  Cascades  without 
plenty  of  winter  protection. 

Tausendschon  (Thousand  Beauties).  Cl. Poly.  The  flowers  upon  first 
opening  are  the  most  delicate  shade  of  pink  ever  seen  in  a Rose, 
might  be  described  as  a white,  delicately  flushed  pink,  changing  to 
rosy  carmine.  It  gets  its  name  from  its  many  flowers  and  the  varia- 
tion in  coloring.  Extra  good. 

White  Rambler.  Cl. Poly.  Small  flowers  of  pure  white,  produced  in 
large  clusters. 

White  Dorothy  Perkins.  Cl.Wich.  This  Rose  has  no  rival  as  a white 
climber.  Immense  clusters  of  pure  white  blooms  completely  covering 
the  bush  which  is  hardy,  and  in  every  way  similar  to  the  regular  pink 
Dorothy  Perkins. 

Yellow  Rambler.  Cl. Poly.  Bright  yellow  blooms,  changing  to  canary- 
yellow,  produced  in  pyramidal  clusters  of  fifty  or  more. 

54 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


Spraying  Calendar 

WASHINGTON  EXPERIMENT  STATION,  Pullman,  Wash. 

A.  L.  Melander,  Entomologist  R.  Kent  Beattie,  Botanist 

This  applies  broadly  to  all  parts  of  the  Northwest. 

There  is  no  spray  that  will  cure  everything.  Use  the  ones  that  fit 
your  case.  For  information  about  insect  pests,  plant  diseases,  and 
spraying,  write  to  the  Botanist  or  Entomologist  of  the  Experiment 
Station,  Pullman,  Washington. 

FALL 

Just  after  the  leaves  fall.  Especially  for  western  Washington 


What  to  Use 

What  to  Spray  for 

Notes 

Sulphur-lime 

3 degrees 
Beaume. 

Apple  cankers. 

Scale  insects. 

Eggs  of  green  aphis 
and  red  spider. 
Pear-leaf  blister  bite. 
Woolly  aphis. 

Eggs  of  tent  caterpillar. 
Moss  and  lichens. 
Rabbits  and  fleld-mice. 

This  spraying  may  be  preceded  by  a 
spraying  of  bordeaux  as  soon  as 
crop  is  picked;  for  canker  only. 
Write  for  bulletin  on  sulphur- 
lime  spraying. 

WINTER 

While  buds  are  swelling.  Usual  spiaying  where  there  is  no  canker 

What  to  Use 

What  to  Spray  for 

Notes 

Sulphur-lime 

3 degrees 
Beaum6. 

Bud  moth;  twig  borer; 

peach-leaf  curl. 

Scale  insects. 

Eggs  of  green  aphis  and 
red  spider. 

Pear-leaf  blister  mite. 
Woolly  aphis. 

Rabbits  and  fleld-mice. 
Mildew. 

Too  early  spraying  will  miss  these. 

Write  for  bulletin  on  sulphur-lime 
spraying. 

SPRING 

(1)  When  flower  buds  are  ready  to  open.  (2)  While  last  blossoms 

are  falling. 

What  to  Use 

What  to  Spray  for 

Notes 

Sulphur-lime. 


Lead  arse- 
nate, I lb. 
to  so  gals. 


Apple  scab. 

New  York  apple  can- 
ker. 

Prune  brown-rot  or 
fruit-mold. 

Codling  moth. 


Sulphur-lime 
1.5  degrees 
Beaume. 


Apple  scab. 

New  York  apple  cank- 
er. 

Bud  moth;  twig  borer. 
Caterpillars. 


Spray  when  central  flower  of  cluster 
is  about  to  open. 


Use  a bordeaux  nozzle  with  a crook 
and  spray  with  force  from  a raised 
platform,  directly  into  every  flow- 
er. Repeat  immediately.  If  so 
applied,  these  sprayings  are  suf- 
ficient. Keep  a few  trees  banded. 
If  many  worms  are  trapped,  spray 
Write  for  Codling  Moth  Bulletin. 

Not  advisable  to  mix  with  arsenate 
of  lead.  Omit  if  there  is  little 
scab. 


55 


Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  for  the  Northwest 


SPRAYING  CALENDAR  FOR  SPRING,  continued 


When  pest  appears 


What  to  Use 

What  to  Spray  for 

Notes 

Tobacco  (or 

Aphis  (cherry  aphis). 

About  June  15  for  newly  hatched 

kerosene 

etc.,  woolly  aphis  on 

young.  Spray  early  before  they 

emulsion). 

branches,  red  spider. 
Oyster-shell  bark  louse. 
Leaf-hopper. 

acquire  wings. 

Lead  arse- 

Pear and  cherry  slug. 

Use  I lb.  to  75  gallons  or  dust  with 

nate. 

Caterpillars. 

lime,  ashes,  or  road  dust. 

Colorado  potato  beetle. 

Use  I lb.  to  40  gallons. 

Sulphur-lime 

Fruit  spot  (Baldwin 

Early  in  July.  (Treatment  in  ex- 

1.5 de- 

spot; punk  rot). 

perimental  stage.) 

grees 

Mildew. 

Beaume. 

Red  spider;  young  of 
oyster-shell  bark 
louse. 

As  a strong 

Trunk  borer;  flathead 

Keep  trunk  coated  all  summer,  best 

wash. 

borer. 

to  add  excess  lime. 

Bordeaux. 

Flea  beetles. 

As  a repellant. 

Cutworms. 

July  1-15;  repeat  in  two  weeks.  If 

Grasshoppers. 

much  blight  nearby,  give  third 

Potato  blight. 

application  two  or  three  weeks 
later. 

Pests  Controlled  by  Other  Remedies  than 
Spraying 

Pear  Blight  (fire-blight  of  pear  and  apple) — 

Prune  out  every  sign  of  blight,  cutting  well  below  the  disease.  Swab  every 
cut  with  corrosive  sublimate  (i  to  i,ooo  water).  Clean  the  tool  often  with 
carbolic  acid  or  you  will  spread  the  blight  with  each  cut. 

Western  Tomato  Blight — 

Set  out  strong  plants  close  together,  or  plant  th  e seed  thickly  in  the  rows 
Give  best  of  care,  shade,  and  plenty  of  water.  You  will  probably  lessen  the 
blight. 

Potato  Scab — 

Soak  seed  for  two  hours  in  formalin,  i lb.  to  30  gals,  water,  then  cut  and 
plant.  Do  not  plant  in  soil  where  scabby  potatoes  were  grown. 

Smut  of  Wheat  and  Oats — 

Spray  the  seed  thoroughly  with  formalin,  i lb.  to  45  gallons  water.  Cover 
and  let  lie  in  a pile  two  hours.  Dry  and  plant  with  a clean  seeder. 

Root  Maggot  of  Radish,  Turnip,  Cabbage,  Etc. — 

Spray  soil  with  carbolated  lime  before  maggots  appear.  Repeat  often. 
Cultivate  well  after  crop  is  removed.  Place  a 3-inch  tarred  paper  collar  on 
young  cabbage  plants. 

Cabbage  Worms — 

Paris  green  i part,  bran  40  parts.  Mix  well.  Dust  the  plants  before  worms 
eat  in. 

Climbing  Cutworms,  Garden  Cutworms — 

Paris  green  i part,  bran  40  parts.  Make  a mash  by  adding  water.  Season 
with  a little  molasses,  stale  beer,  or  salt.  Scatter  by  spoonfuls  before  planting 
or  among  plants. 

Woolly  Aphis  on  Roots — 

Expose  the  roots  as  much  as  practicable  and  spray  with  tobacco,  kerosene 
emulsion  or  sulphur-lime.  Root  treatment  is  not  completely  reliable. 

For  Nursery  Stock — 

Use  I oz.  cyanide  to  100  cu.  ft.  For  grafts  and  scions,  use  two-thirds  oz. 
cyanide  to  100  cu.  ft. 

To  every  ounce  of  pure  potassium  cyanide  (poison)  add  i K liquid  ounces 
sulphuric  acid  diluted  with  2 ounces  water.  The  gas  generated  is  extremely 
poisonous.  Fumigate  30  to  45  minutes. 


The  McFarland  Publicity  Service,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 


INDEX 


Page 

Acer 29,  30 

/Esculus 29 

Almonds 27,  35 

Althaea 35 

Ampelopsis 40 

Apples 1-9 

Apricots 17,  18 

Ash,  Mountain 30 

Asparagus 26 

Balm  of  Gilead 29 

Barberry  35.39 

Basswood 30 

Berberis 35 

Betula 29,  32 

Bignonia 40 

Birch 29,  32 

Blackberries 21 

Bridal  Wreath 38 

Butternut 27 

Buttonwood 31 

Calycanthus 35 

Catalpa 29 

Cherries 12 

Chestnuts 27 

Chionanthus 29 

Chrysanthemum 44 

Clematis 40,41 

Cornus 36 

Crab,  Flowering 29 

Crab-Apples 9 

Cranberry,  High-Bush  ...  37 

Crataegus 31 

Currants 23 

Cydonia 37 

Dahlias 42 

Daisies,  Shasta 44 

Deutzia 36 

Dewberries 22 

Diervilla •39 

Dogwood  36 

Elder,  Box  . 29 

Elm 29,  32 

Filberts 27 

Forsythia 36 

Fringe 29 

Fruit  Department  ....  1-25 

Gleditsia 30 

Golden  Bell 36 

Gooseberries 23,24 

Grapes 19,  20 

Hedera 41 

Hedge  Plants 39 

Hibiscus 35 

Honeysuckle 36,41 

Horse-Chestnut 29 

Horse-Radish 26 

Hydrangea  ........  36 

Iris 44 

Ivy 40, 41 

Ligustrum 39 


Page 

37 

Linden 30 

Locust 30 

Lonicera 36,  41 

Maple 29,  30 

Morus 30 

Mulberry,  Russian 30 

Nectarines 18 

Nut  Trees 27 

Oak 31 

Peaches 15.  16 

Pears 9-1 1 

Peonies 43,  44 

Philadelphus 38 

Plane  Tree 31 

Plantanus 31 

Plum,  Flowering 31 

Plum,  Purple-leaved  ....  31 

Plums 13 

Poplar 31 

Populus 29,  31 

Privet 39 

Prunes 13,  14 

Prunus 31.35 

Pyrus 29,  30 

Quercus 31 

Quince,  Flowering 37 

Quince,  Japan 39 

Quinces 18 

Raspberries 22,23 

Rhubarb 26 

Rhus 29 

Robinia  30 

Roses 45-54 

Salix 31, 32 

Shrubs,  Flowering  ....  33-39 

Small  Fruits 19-25 

Snowball 37 

Spiraea 37.  38 

Spraying  Calendar 55,  56 

Strawberries 24,  25 

Sweet-scented  Shrub 35 

Sycamore 31 

Syringa 37,  38 

Tamarix 38 

Thorn 31 

Tilia 30 

Trees,  Shade  and  Orna  - 

mental 28-32 

Trumpet  Vine 40 

Ulmus 29,  32 

Viburnum 37 

Vines 40,  41 

Virginia  Creeper 40 

Virgin’s  Bower 40 

Walnuts 27 

Weigela 39 

Willow 31,32 

Wisteria 41 

Woodbine 40 


RAINIER  APPLE 

For  full  description  see  page  7 

YAKIMA  VALLEY 
NURSERY  CO. 

TOPPENISH  - WASHINGTON