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CATALOG

NURSERY STOCK

ROSE MOUND NURSERIES

SANTA ROSA - CALIFORNIA

ROSE MOUND NURSERIES

Please Observe
Before Placing Your Order

PRICES: You will find price list accompanying this catalogue covering all stock listed in this
catalogue. Stocks mentioned in this catalogue will be furnished as follows: five of a variety at the 10
rate; 50 at the 100 rate; 300 at the 1000 rate. Prices subject to change without notice.

SHIPPING INSTRUCTIONS: Always give your nearest express office and railway station, or
stage route, and the name of the transportation company. Do not fail to advise how you wish us to
ship — by freight, express or parcels post — otherwise we will use our best judgment in forwarding your
shipment.

PACKING: Packing will be charged at actual cost to us. No charge will be made for delivering
stock to the freight or express houses.

TERMS: Cash, unless other arrangements are made. Send postoffice or express money order,
registered letter, bank draft or check. It is perfectly satisfactory for our customers to send their
personal checks on their local bank, which will be accepted for collection. No order will be shipped
C. O. D. unless accompanied by a substantial deposit. On all advance orders we require a 20 per cent
deposit with the order, we will then reserve the stock for shipment at any time designated by the
customer.

SUBSTITUTION: Please state whether substitution will be allowed, as we feel at liberty, when
no instructions accompany the order, to use other varieties as nearly similar as possible. It often
happens we can offer a better selection than named in the order, and we will gladly do so when per-
mitted. We never substitute on large orders without consulting the customer.

ERRORS AND OMISSIONS: Mistakes made in filling orders will be cheerfully rectified, but we
request that our customers notify us promptly upon arrival of stock, of any error found. Our respon-
sibility ceases after stock has been packed and delivered to the carriers in good condition. All
customers are requested to keep their shipping receipts, as it is sometimes necessary to file claim with
the carriers for damage or delay in transit, and it is necessary to file the original receipt with such
claim.

GUARANTEE: Rose Mound Nurseries will exercise great care to have all stock true to name,
nevertheless it is understood and agreed that should any stock prove untrue to name, Rose Mound
Nurseries shall be liable only for the sum paid for the stock which may prove untrue, and shall not be
liable for any greater amount. Rose Mound Nurseries book all orders with the distinct understanding
that same shall be void should any injury befall the stock from flood, drought, frost or other causes
beyond their control.

Address all communications to —

ROSE MOUND NURSERIES
Santa Rosa, California

[2]

SANTA ROSA, CALIFORNIA

Planters and Growers

It is a great pleasure to us to be able to present you with our latest cata-
logue on the planting, pruning, and growing of all varieties of fruits, nuts,
grapes, etc. In preparing this catalogue we have tried to include those things
which are of real value to the planter and grower.

We have always been ready to assist the planter in any way possible and
believe our success and increased volume of business has been largely due to our
cooperative methods.

Our thirty years in the Nursery business has fitted us so that we are in a
position to give this information and we want our planters to be free to write
us and ask for any information needed along this line. On the following pages
of this book we have gone into the work of planting and pruning, and have
given complete descriptions of all the fruits, etc., we propagate.

Should the grower, however, have any problems connected with the planting
of his stock, etc., we will at all times be glad to give any information at our
command as we fully realize cooperation between planters and nurserymen is
at all times profitable and more satisfactory to all concerned.

Our Stock

We exercise the greatest care that can be given in proper selection of seed-
ling stocks, cutting our buds from trees of well known productivity and giving
the best care and cultivation to the young trees.

We make special quotations on large orders and car lots. Order your stock
early as this insures prompt shipment when it’s time to plant and enables you
to have your trees ready to put into the ground when you want to. Write for
estimate. Give list of requirements, varieties, grades, etc. No nursery on the
Pacific Coast offers better stock for the money.

r 3 1

ROSE MOUND NURSERIES

Valuable Hints on Fruit
Tree Culture

Trees — Comparison of Sizes
4 to 6 ft. 3 to 4 ft. 2 to 3 ft.

Planting Instructions

Failure to get satisfactory results in planting trees
received from the Nursery can be largely avoided if a
few simple rules for pruning and planting are observed.
On arrival of trees from the Nursery, if unable to plant
immediately, and if the trees are not balled, they should
be taken from the bale or box at once, counted and the
individual tree examined. Should there be a shortage,
an undergrade or an unauthorized substitution, it should
be reported directly to the office immediately. The trees
should immediately be heeled in a moist soil and the
earth thoroughly packed around the roots.

In orchard planting, the ground should be thoroughly
broken, pulverized, harrowed, leveled, surveyed, or laid
off with a small stake standing where each tree is to be

planted. In hardpan soils it is absolutely necessary to
blast the holes, prior to planting the trees.

Before digging the holes it is necessary to have a tree
setting board. This is easily made out of a piece of
board about one by four inches and six feet long. Bore
an inch hole at each end, and cut a notch in the center.
Place the notched center against the stake where the
tree is to be planted and push a stake into the ground
through the holes at each end of the planter, then remove
the center stake and board. Dig the hole large enough
for the tree roots to spread out without cramping them.
After the hole is dug, replace the board over the end
stakes in its former position, then plant the tree with
the trunk end resting against the center notch in the
board and it will be in identically the same place as the
stake which was removed to dig the hole. Spread out
the roots in their natural position and sift in and work
fine, moist pulverized earth around the roots, pouring in
from one to three buckets of water. Guard against setting
too deeply but allow for the settling of the soil, so that
the tree will stand about as it did in the nursery row.
Never plant a tree when the soil is too moist or wet,
and never put manure of any sort in the hole when
planting.

All roots should be cut back an inch or so to insure
a healthy start. Injured or broken roots must be cut off.

Bringing an Orchard or Vineyard
into Bearing

The care taken for the first two or three years in cul-
tivating, pruning and irrigating, where the rainfall is in-
sufficient to carry the trees through the long dry sum-
mer months, is the foundation for the orchard which will
give you ample returns for your intelligent care and years
of hard work. The orchard will give corresponding re-
turns for the investment of capital, labor, and time just
in the proportion of intensive and intelligent care it
receives.

Never fail to cut the tree back after it is set. This
practice is carried out by all successful orchardists
throughout California, and is the result of years of ex-
perience.

Next to thorough cultivation there is nothing which is
more vital to the life of a tree than proper irrigation. In
districts where irrigation is practiced, water should be
applied at least four times a year. For the first two
years it is not necessary to irrigate all the ground be-
tween the rows. A space six feet wide will do in nearly
all cases.

Laying Out the Orchard

There are a number of methods of planting an orchard.
Vineyards are usually set in a square system. We are
exhibiting diagrams showing the different methods with
explanations.

SANTA ROSA, CALIFORNIA

SQUARE SYSTEM — The advantage of this system is
that it permits cultivation both ways. The first step to
be taken is this and the following plans, is to have your
base lines at right angles. In planting a large place,
these lines should be obtained by a transit.

EXPLANATION OF DIAGRAMS— The planting dis-
tances are represented by the figure I ; all other related
distances by multiple parts of 1 , so that any desired dis-
tance on any of the diagrams may be obtained by the
simple process of multiplying the desired planting dis-
tance indicated on diagram.

RULE: Square Method — Multiply the distance in feet

between the rows by the distance the plants are apart
in the rows, and the product will be the number of square
feet for each plant or hill; which, divided into the num-
ber of feet in an acre (43,560), will give the number of
plants or trees to an acre.

Lay off the base lines A B and A C along two sides of
the planting field in such a manner that the angle at A
is an exact right angle (90 degrees), and set stakes on
said base lines the desired distance apart. Care must be
exercised to have all stakes on true lines.

A right angle can be formed in the field by the fol-
lowing method:

Lay off 30 feet from A along base line A B on the
diagram, then a point on base line A C will be 40 feet
from A and 50 feet from the other end of the 30-foot
length.

After setting the stakes along the base lines at plant-
ing distance apart, the next step should be to set stakes
along secondary lines drawn parallel with base lines A B,
and such distances therefrom as will be multiples of the

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planting distance required, and at the same time no fur-
ther apart than permitted by the length of the planting
chain.

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Experience has demonstrated that a 250-foot chain is
the most serviceable. The chain should be stretched for
several days before using to prevent too much variation
in the field. Iron stake pins should be used to hold the
chain in position. To do this properly it is advisable to
lay off a temporary base line B D from end B of base
line A B and at right angles thereto, setting flags on
such temporary base lines at distances to correspond
with the spacing of the secondary lines.

With the flags as a guide lay off the planting stakes
on the secondary lines, starting always from base of
line A C.

All that is required to complete the staking will be to
stretch the chain between similar points on the second-
ary line and set the stakes at tag on the chain previously
adjusted.

ALTERNATE SYSTEM- — Let the planting distances be
24 feet apart; and then all stakes on base line A B will
be 24 feet apart. The alternate stakes on this line will
be for temporary use only. In setting stakes on lines
parallel with base A C, the tags of one color should be
spaced 24 feet apart, commencing at the zero end. Tags
of another color (for use on alternate lines) should be
spaced 24 feet apart, commencing at a distance of 1 2
feet from the zero end of the chain.

RULE: Alternate Method — The number of plants re-

quired per acre by this method is the same as that re-
quired by the “square method” with similar planting
distances.

QUINCUNX SYSTEM— The only advantage in this
method of planting is in connection with using a filler
temporarily, to be dug up as soon as there is any indica-
tion of crowding. This permits of double the amount of
trees to the acre than in the square system.

Proceed to stake the field in squares. Then without
the aid of a chain, place a stake in the center of each
square. This is readily determined by sighting along the
two diagonal rows of stakes at right angles to each other.

[5]

ROSE MOUND NURSERIES

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RULE: Quincunx Method- — Multiply the number re-

quired to the acre “square method” by 2. The result will
be the number of plants required to the acre by this
method.

HEXAGONAL SYSTEM— This is the only one in which
the trees are equidistant apart in every direction, every
tree being at one point of an equilateral triangle.

The name “septuple,” sometimes applied to this sys-
tem, refers to the fact that the number of trees in each
group unit is seven. Note hexagon on diagram.

To illustrate the plan to be followed, we will consider
that the trees are to be set 24 feet apart. Then on base
line A B set stakes 24 feet apart. On base line A C set
stakes 0.866 times the planting distance apart or every
20.784 feet or (20 feet, 9 inches).

The first stake on the intermediate line, shown by the
hollow circle on the diagram, should be 12 feet from the
base line A C and 20 feet 9 inches from base line C D.

In using this method of staking, tags of two different
colors should be used, one starting at zero and the other
.50 times the planting distance from the zero end of the
chain.

For the convenience of the planter we are giving here-
with the distances between rows of trees, parallel with
base line A B on the diagram, to correspond with various
planting distances:

As an illustration, if trees are planted 18 feet apart on
base line A B, the following row would be 1 5 feet 7 inches
and correspondingly greater distance where the trees are
to be planted further apart.

Base line A B 1 8 ft. Secondary line 1 5 ft., 7 in. from A B

Base line A B 20 ft. Secondary line 17 ft., 4 in. from A B

Base line A B 22 ft. Secondary line 19 ft. in. from A B
Base line A B 24 ft. Secondary line 20 ft., 9 in. from A B

Base line A B 28 ft. Secondary line 24 ft., 3 in. from A B

Base line A B 30 ft. Secondary line 26 ft., 0 in. from A B

Base line A B 36 ft. Secondary line 31 ft., 2 in. from A B

Base line A B 40 ft. Secondary line 34 ft., 8 in. from A B

RULE: Hexagonal Method — First, figure the number

of trees required per acre by the “square method, using
the same planting distance; then divide by the decimal
.866. The result will be the number of plants required to
the acre by this method.

NUMBER

OF TREES TO

THE ACRE

Distance

Square

Quincunx

Hexa gonal

Alternate

8 ft.

680

1360

785

680

10 ft.

435

870

500

435

12 ft.

302

604

349

302

14 ft.

222

444

255

222

16 ft.

170

340

196

170

18 ft.

134

268

154

134

20 ft.

109

218

124

109

22 ft.

180

104

24 ft.

150

25 ft.

140

26 ft.

128

28 ft.

112

30 ft.

32 ft.

3 6 ft.

40 ft.

45 ft.

Note-

All of these figures are not exact for

planting

one acre,

of acres.

but are intended for the planting of a

multiple

Planting: Distances

Distance
apart each way

Standard Apples 25 to 30 feet

Standard Pears 24 to 30 feet

Dwarf Pears 12 to 1 5 feet

Strong-growing Cherries 24 to 30 feet

Duke and Morello Cherries 18 to 24 feet

Standard Plums and Prunes 24 to 30 feet

Peaches and Nectarines 24 to 30 feet

Quinces 15 to 20 feet

[6]

SANTA ROSA, CALIFORNIA

Apricots .......24 to 30 feet

Figs • 25 to 35 feet

Olives 30 to 35 feet

Citrus Trees ....22 to 30 feet

Walnuts .40 to 50 feet

Almonds 24 to 30 feet

Grapes 6x6, 6x 1 2 and 8x 1 0 feet

Spray Formulas

(All formulas on basis of 100 gallons of water.)

CODLING MOTH— (Apples, Pears)

First spray, just as petals begin to fall. Spreader %
pounds, arsenate of lead 2 y2 pounds.

Second spray, two to three weeks after last. Spreader
% pound, arsenate of lead 2 pounds.

Third spray, July 5 to 15. Spreader % pound, arsen-
ate of lead 2 pounds.

THRIPS — (Prunes, Cherries, Pears)

Larvae or white thrips after blossoms fall, tiny fruit
in boot.

Kayso spreader 1 pound, black leaf-40 12 ounces.

Nicotine sulphur custs containing not less than 5%
black leaf-40.

RED SPIDER — (Prunes, Cherries, Almonds)

As leaves show evidence of attack. Kayso spreader %
pound, wetable sulphur 5 pounds,

Special dusting sulphur applied with duster. Repeat
in ten days. (May be combined with Thrips spray.)

APHIS — (Apples, Prunes, Almonds)

Apply on first appearance. Kayso 1 pound, black
leaf -40 8 ounces.

Nicotine dust containing at least 5% black leaf-40.

SCAB — (Apples, Pears)

First spray as petals drop. Lime sulphur ^ gallons or
dry equivalent. (May be combined with codling moth
spray.)

Second spray, as pears are setting or on evidence of
scab. Lime sulphur 1 to 2 gallons, Kayso % pound.

[7]

(May be combined with codling moth spray). Or wet-
able sulphur 5 pounds. (May be combined with codling
moth spray).

MILDEW— (Apples)

Add to codling moth or scab sprays 5 pounds of wet-
able sulphur.

White Wash Formulas

Any whitewash should cure before applying. The
length of time allowed after mixing before applying
should not be less than two days and a week is better.
Only the best lime should be used. Old stock or lime
slightly air slaked should be avoided. It is always best
to start the slaking process with hot water. Ten pounds
of lime will make from 8 to 1 0 gallons of whitewash when
applied with a brush or I 2 to 15 when used as a spray.

The following formulas are given in order of their
sticking qualities, the best first:

Lime Skim Milk. Slak the lime with sufficient water
to prevent burning and enough to give a consistency of
thin mud. When ready to apply add only skimmed milk
to produce the desired thinness.

Lime Kerosene. Pour one quart of kerosene over ten
pounds of lime. While slaking add one-half pound of
sulphur, cover until boiling has ceased. The addition of
one-fourth pound of Kayso spreader will materially im-
prove this wash when ready to apply.

ROSE M OUND N URSERIES

Deciduous Fruits

Gravenstein

The Best Early Variety

The Apple

There is no fruit so widely distributed or more exten-
sively planted than the apple. The number of trees is rap-
idly decreasing in the east, and the west must supply these
markets. The western grower has the advantage of regu-
lar production due to the equable climate and dry sum-
mers, which are not favorable to fungus or insect diseases.
From its enormous list of varieties we have selected only
those best adapted to California culture. Each locality
seems to require certain varieties. Watsonville is the
center of the yellow apples — Yellow Newtown Pippin,
Bellefleur, and Winter Banana. In the mountain regions of
the south, and the Pacific northwest, the Delicious, Jona-
than, Winesap, Rome Beauty, Baldwin and Arkansas Black
are the leading varieties. The Gravenstein is grown almost
exclusively in Sonoma and Napa Valleys. In all districts,
the tendency is to concentrate on the very few varieties
that do best under their local conditions.

The soil best adapted for this fruit is a deep, rich, well
drained loam. Light sandy locations should be avoided.
Apples grown in the mountainous regions have better
keeping qualities and are more highly colored and flavored
than those grown in the interior valleys.

Apple trees should be planted from 25 to 35 feet apart
in regular orchard form, and should be cut back to 20
inches when planted. This rule, however, varies with the
higher altitudes where, on account of heavy snowfall, the
trees should be headed from 24 to 3 6 inches from the
ground to prevent the snow from breaking the branches.

Apple trees are subject to sunburn the first few years
after planting, and we recommend to our customers to
always use tree protectors on their stock.

Proper pruning of the trees the first year is a very im-
portant item. No branches closer than one foot from the
ground should be allowed to grow. The following winter
they should be thinned out to four branches, and these
cut back about one-third to form the head of the tree.
The second winter no more than two laterals should be
allowed to remain, and if they crowd, only one should be
left, and its growth should again be shortened severely.
The head of the tree is now formed and future pruning
should be determined by the orchardist — that is, the pre-
vention of the overcrowding of limbs — the development of
laterals to spread the tree if inclined to make too much of
an upright growth.

Over-production causes the fruit to be small and thin-
ning should be resorted to. It increases the size, permits
even spraying and gives the fruit better color and ap-
pearance.

Apple trees should come into bearing from 6-8 years
after planting, and should produce a paying crop the
eighth year. This, however, depends very much on the
care and cultivation givem and the soil upon which the
trees are planted. The planter is always well repaid for
the extra care and attention given his orchard by its
producing earlier, better and more fruits.

VARIETIES AND DESCRIPTIONS

Alexander. Very large; greenish yellow streaked with
red; good quality; a strong grower and fairly productive;
an excellent market apple. August.

Arkansas Black. Fruit medium in size, nearly round
and fairly uniform, with a smooth waxy skin of a most
beautiful dark red color, turning almost black on the
sunny side; flesh yellow tinged, firm, fine grained, juicy,
arid a long keeper. Ripens in December.

Baldwin. Medium to large, roundish; deep red; very
productive; the most widely grown apple in America, but
not so popular now as formerly. October.

Ben Davis. Large, handsome, striped and of fair qual-
ity; very productive and a good keeper. November.

Jonathan

One of the Best Market Varieties

[8]

SANTA ROSA, CALIFORNIA

Black Ben Davis. Very handsome in color, being con-
siderably darker than Ben Davis, and superior in quality.
The tree has the Ben Davis habit of growth, but is even
stronger. November.

Delicious. Magnificent variety of fine appearance and
delightful flavor; very large size, rather conical in form,
brilliant red slightly splashed with yellow; flesh fine
grained, crisp, rich; juicy and sweet; a vigorous grower
and abundant bearer; a long keeper of remarkable high
quality. Delicious.

Early Harvest. Medium size; pale yellow; tender, mild
and fine flavor; erect grower and good bearer. July.

Gano. Medium large, oblate, irregular, red striped,
handsome; sub-acid, good; medium to late. October.

Gravenstein. A very large, roundish apple of the very
finest quality. Very beautiful, striped red and orange.
Tree rapid, vigorous and erect in growth and very pro-
ductive. Absolutely the finest and most popular early
variety on the coast. July to August.

Grimes Golden Pippin. Medium to large, skin golden
yellow, sprinkled with gray dots; of beautiful appearance
and good flavor. November.

Hoover. Large, dark deep red with light dots; crisp,
juicy and good flavor. October.

Jonathan. Medium to large; conical; skin yellow, near-
ly covered with dark red; flesh fine grained, tender, juicy
and of good flavor; bears abundantly; keeps well; one of
the best varieties for either table or market. October.

King David. Fruit large, wine red, blotched yellow; a
very heavy bearer; uniform in size and shape. Flesh firm,
crisp and juicy. Its high color and delicious flavor are
causing it to be a winner. October.

Maidens Blush. Medium to large; yellow with clear red
cheek; flesh white, tender, with pleasant sub-acid flavor;
good bearer. August.

Packing Bellflowers in Orchard

Red Astrachan. Large and handsome, nearly covered
with deep crimson; juicy and crisp, with rich acid flavor;
a heavy bearer; one of the best early apples. July.

Red June. Medium; oblong; color deep red; flesh ten-
der, juicy, sub acid; a fine table variety. June and July.

Delicious

Rhode Island Greening. A widely known variety that
does well in almost all localities. Fruit large; yellowish-
green when ripe; flesh tender, juicy, slightly acid, and
rich. October.

Rome Beauty. A large excellent variety which thrives
well in the higher altitudes of the foothill and mountain
districts; is a late bloomer and a regular bearer. Fruit
yellow striped with red, very handsome, of fine quality
and good flavor. October.

Skinner’s Seedling (Skinner’s Pippin). Large; skin
thin, pale yellow, often with a blush on sunny side; flesh
tender, juicy and sub-acid; tree a close, vigorous grower.
Considered one of the best early fall varieties. August.

Smith’s Cider. Large and handsome; red and yellow;
juicy, acid. A strong grower and heavy bearer. November.

Spitzenberg. Large, tapering; light red, delicately
coated with light bloom; flesh butter yellow, with rich
flavor; the most extensively grown red apple in the Hood
River Valley. November.

Stayman’s Winesap. The fruit is very much larger,
not quite as rich in color, but, in all, is an improvement
over the Winesap. The skin is rather smooth and thick,
of a green color, becoming more yellowish when ripe and
covered with a dull red, sometimes faintly striped with
carmine; flesh firm, juicy and mildly sub-acid. December.

Wagener. Medium size; deep red in the sun; flesh yel-
low, very tender, juicy, excellent, very high flavor.
January.

White Astrachan. Very large; roundish; very smooth
and nearly white; one of the best summer apples. July.

White Winter Pearmain. A medium, oblong, pale yel-
low, tender juicy, with extra high flavor. The tree is
exceedingly vigorous, produces uniformly an abundant
harvest. This variety is recommended by growers for
planting in all sections of California.

Winesap. Fruit medium in size, round, skin smooth,
thick, yellow covered with a dark, glossy red. Flesh pale
yellow, texture firm and crisp. Flavor good, slightly acid;
a good bearer. A favorite market variety in the West
commanding the highest prices. November.

Winter Banana. Fryit large, perfect in form; golden

[9]

ROSE MOUND NURSERIES

Bartlett

Leading Commercial Pear of California

yellow, beautifully shaded with blush; flesh yellow, fine
grained, rich, aromatic flavor. The tree is a wonderful
grower and bearer, three year old trees often being laden
with fruit. October.

Yellow Bellflower. Large, oblong; skin smooth; flesh
crisp, juicy, with sprightly aromatic flavor; yellow in
color often with blush next the sun; an excellent and
valuable variety; tree a fine grower and good bearer. One
of the leading commercial varieties in California. October.

Yellow Newtown Pippin. The fruit large and roundish;
flesh firm, crisp and juicy; color golden yellow, over-
spread with russet dots. Generally considered the best
winter apple in California. Ripens in December and keeps
well until the latter part of May.

The Crabapple

The crabapple is highly prized for jelly-making and
every home orchard should contain one of these trees.
The cultural directions are the same as for apples.

VARIETIES AND DESCRIPTIONS

Hyslop. A popular variety on account of its size,
beauty and hardiness; fruit deep crimson, overspread
with a thick blue bloom. September.

Red Siberian. Fruit grows in clusters, small, round,
yellow with scarlet cheek. Tree a vigorous grower and
bears at an early stage. August.

Transcendant. The best crab for general use. Fruit
large; skin yellow striped with red and covered with a
delicate pale blue bloom when ripe; flavor pleasant and
aromatic. August.

Yellow Siberian. Fruit large size; beautiful golden yel-
low, or amber; flesh amber, juicy. and sub-rr'd. August.

The Pear

Pears are cultivated very generally in all sections of
California, and for the past several seasons have been
bringing excellent returns to the growers, both for can-
ning, drying and for eastern shipment. The trees do
well on all soils, succeeding best on a heavy loam soil,
but will grow well on alkaline soils where other fruits
refuse to bear and often die. They will also withstand
considerable neglect and still yield good crops.

Pear trees are ordinarily planted from 20 to 25 feet
apart. Dwarf varieties, that is those worked on Quince
roots are planted from 12 to 15 feet apart.

The trees should be cut back to 1 8 inches from the
ground when planted, and protected by using tree pro-
tectors. The trees should be pruned vase form, this
seems to be a natural tendency of the growth. On ac-
count of the tendency of the tree towards an upright
growth, methods of pruning must be applied to hold the
tree in control. In pruning the first year, remove all
shoots except three or four, which are to form the head
of the tree, and these branches should be cut back at
least one-half. The following year new growth starting
from these branches should be pruned back one-half,
leaving one or two spurs on the branches of the year
before. The third season the new growth should be cut
back to one-third, leaving the leaders longer and this
time allow several new laterals to remain properly dis-
tributed on the main branch, pruning away at least one-
third of their growth. In the following seasons cutting
back of the tree is regulated by its growth.

Pear trees come into bearing four or five years after
planting, and a profitable crop should be picked when
the trees are eight years old.

Pear trees are budded on the Japanese, French and
Quince roots. For general planting we recommend the
Japanese root. Pears budded on Quince are suitable for
planting in home orchards.

VARIETIES AND DESCRIPTIONS

Bartlett. The leading commercial pear of California
for canning, shipping and drying. More than 90% of the
pears grown in the state are Bartletts. Tree a vigorous
grower and a heavy bearer; fruit large, smooth, clear
yellow, sometimes with a delicate blush ; flesh white, fine
grain, juicy, buttery and delicious. August.

Beurre Bose. A fine, large pear with a long neck.
Color a cinnamon russet; flesh white, very rich, melting
and delicious. Tree a vigorous grower and a regular
bearer. September.

Beurre Clairgeau. Very large; pyriform; yellow with
orange and crimson shadings, showing many russet dots;
flesh yellowish; buttery and juicy; one of the earliest
and most prolific bearers. A splendid shipping sort.
September.

Beurre d’Anjou. Large, obtuse, pyriform; has a short
thick stem and a small calyx; color russet-yellow, shaded
with crimson; flesh juicy, melting and highly perfumed.
Tree a good grower and heavy cropper. September.

Beurre Hardy. Large, cinnamon russet, shaded with
brownish red; flesh juicy, melting, and very pleasant
flavor. September.

r io]

SANTA ROSA, CALIFORNIA

Doyenne du Cornice. The most popular winter pear.
Fruit large, roundish pyriform; greenish yellow; ripening,
becomes a fine yellow shaded crimson, slightly marked
with russet spots; flesh white, fine, melting, aromatic.
Tree a regular and heavy bearer. October.

Easter Beurre. Very large; yellowish green; fine
grained; very buttery, melting and juicy, with a sweet
rich flavor. One of the best keepers. October.

Flemish Beauty. Large; pale yellow, nearly covered
with russet; rich, juicy, melting and sweet; very vigor-
ous and productive. September.

Kieffer. Large; skin rich golden yellow, sprinkled
thickly with small dots, and often tinted with crimson
on one side. Flesh slightly coarse, juicy and with a
quince flavor. October.

Seckel. A small pear of excellent flavor. Regularly
formed; yellow with russet red cheek; flesh cream color;
flavor rich, spicy and aromatic. September.

Winter Bartlett. Fruit large, closely resembling the
Bartlett, but ripening four months later. Fruit yellow
with brown dots; blush on the sunny side; flesh juicy
and melting with a Bartlett flavor. A good keeper. No-
vember.

Winter Nellis. An excellent keeper and a good ship-
per. Fruit medium, roundish, obovate; yellowish green
dotted with gray russet; flesh yellowish white; fine
grained, juicy, rich and sweet. Tree bears heavily and
regularly. December.

The Quince

The quince has not as yet been planted on a very large
commercial scale, yet they are valuable to the home
orchard as they are superior to any other fruit for jelly-
making. It thrives best in a deep, loamy, moist soil and
is particularly adapted to planting in low damp land
where other fruits will not thrive.

VARIETIES AND DESCRIPTIONS

Apple or Orange. The former part of the name of
this variety was given on account of its shape which re-
sembles an apple. Fruit large; fine golden color; very
productive. September.

Champion. Very large and handsome; flesh tender;
flavor delicate and delicious; very productive. September.

Pineapple. The name is suggested by the flavor. The
fruit resembles the Orange Quince but is smoother and
more globular. The flesh is white and will cook tender
in five or ten minutes. Makes a high flavored jelly.
Late August.

Smyrna. Extremely large and elongated; lemon yel-
low; cooks tender and has a fine flavor; long keeper;
tree strong grower with heavy foliage; very prolific.
September.

The Cherry

Although the amount of cherries grown in the state is
small compared with other fruits, there are few finer
fruits, and when the right varieties are planted in the
right place, they invariably yield good crops. It is true
that the cherry districts are limited, yet orchardists in
these particular districts have derived wonderful results,
and the ever-increasing demand in the East for California
fruits should prove an incentive to plant cherries over
greater territory. California cherries are on the market
when no other cherries from any other state are avail-
able.

The cherry requires a very deep, moist, loam soil that
is well drained.

On ordinary soils the trees should be planted 25 feet
apart, but on very rich soils 30 feet apart is advisable.

[11]

Black Tartarian

It is important to head cherry trees low so that the
leaves will entirely shelter the bark from the direct rays
of the sun. Tree protectors should be used until the
trunks of the trees are shaded.

When the trees are planted, head them back to 20
inches. In the following pruning season three or four
branches should be allowed to grow to form the head
of the tree, and these should be so distributed as to
prevent forks as the cherry has a tendency to split as
it grows older. The first winter these branches should
be cut back one-half and the following winter not more
than one or two branches should be allowed to grow from
those left the first year. This system of pruning should
be followed until the trees are five years old. After that
all the pruning required is to cut off all interfering or
overcrowding branches.

Under favorable conditions the cherry comes into
bearing from four to six years after planting.

VARIETIES AND DESCRIPTIONS

Bing. One of the best black sweet cherries. Fruit very
large, heart shaped; skin dark brown or black; flesh
firm, meaty, sweet and delicious and a purplish red color.
Tree a strong vigorous grower and a prolific bearer.
Crop ripens uniformly; a splendid shipper and a good
canner. Middle June.

Black Republican (Black Oregon). Large size; cross
between Royal Ann and Black Tartarian, having the solid
flesh of the former and the color of the latter. Very late
and good. July.

Black Tartarian. Fruit very large, bright purplish
black. Flesh purplish, juicy, very rich and delicious. Tree
a remarkably vigorous erect, and beautiful grower, and
an immense bearer. Highly recommended for planting in
all parts of the state except southern California and the
hot interior valleys.

ROSE MOUND NURSERIES

Royal Ann

The Most Popular Canning Variety

Burbank. Originated by Luther Burbank. One of the
largest and best early cherries grown. Fruit purplish
black and very beautiful m appearance. Early May.

Chapman. Seedling of Black Tartarian but ripens ear-
lier. Fruit large resembling Black Tartarian in color.
Flesh fine grained, juicy and of delicious flavor. Tree
vigorous grower and very productive. June.

Early Richmond. A good variety of the sour cherry
type. Fruit red; acid; valuable for cooking and canning;
tree a fine grower, hardy, healthy, and productive. Early
June.

Governor Wood. Excellent for canning and table use.
Fruit large of a light yellow color, shaded with a bright
red. Flesh tender, juicy, sweet and delicious. Tree a vig-
orous grower and a heavy producer. June.

Lambert. The largest red cherry. Fruit roundish,
heart shaped, smooth, glossy, dark purplish; flesh dark
purplish red, firm, flavor rich; stem long. Valuable for
shipping. Tree a regular and heavy bearer. Middle June.

May Duke. An old, well-known, excellent variety;
large; dark red, juicy, sub-acid, rich. Valuable for home
orchard. June.

Morello. Fruit large, dark red; tender, juicy, rich and
acid; an excellent sour cherry. July.

Royal Ann (Napoleon Bigarreau). The leading cherry
in California. Fruit largest size; pale yellow with bright
red cheek; flesh very firm, juicy and sweet. The most
popular variety for canning and shipping. Tree a rapid
grower and an abundant bearer. Late June.

The Plum

Plums and prunes are of one family. The main dif-
ference being that prunes are sweet plums capable of
making a commercial dried product without removing
the pit, while the commercial value of the plum is as a
canner or shipper. The plum thrives in all parts of the
state, and when given proper attention bears enormous
crops of fruit. Most varieties of Plums will bear heavier
crops if certain other varieties are planted nearby as
pollenizers. The Burbank, Wickson and Climax all suc-
cessfully pollinate the blossoms of most varieties, as
well as each other, and we advise including some of
these sorts in all plum plantings.

The plum is grown on both peach and Myrobolan
roots. The peach root should be planted in sandy and
loam soils, while the myrobolan or plum root is adapted
to heavy moist soils.

Plum trees should be planted from twenty-two to
twenty-five feet apart in orchard form.

When the tree is planted cut it back to 20 inches from
the top of the ground. The young trees are quite sub-
ject to sun scald, and should be protected with tree pro-
tectors. The first winter the pruning is carried out to
form the head of the tree, cutting back the frame-work
branches one-half. The second winter all laterals should
be removed except two on each of the frame -work
branches, and cut those remaining to one-half. After
the fourth the only pruning necessary is the removal of
branches that interfere with others.

VARIETIES AND DESCRIPTIONS

Apex Plumcot. This fruit as its name implies, is a
cross between the Apricot and Plum, resulting in a satis-
factory combination of the two fruits. Fruit very large,
color light crimson, freestone. Flesh honey yellow color,
very aromatic, rich and delicious. Very valuable for
family orchard.

Yellow Egg

One of the Best Canning Varieties

[12]

SANTA ROSA, CALIFORNIA

Beauty. Similar to the Santa Rosa but ripening ten
days earlier. Fruit large and beautiful, oval, crimson
with amber-crimson flesh. Tree a vigorous and upright
grower. One of the very best early shipping plums.
June.

Burbank. Fruit medium to large, round; color bright
red slightly mottled with red; flesh deep yellow, very
sweet, tree a very vigorous grower and a heavy bearer.
Late June.

Climax. Very large, heart shaped; color deep red;
flesh yellow, of fine flavor and pleasing fragrance. Tree
very prolific and a never-failing bearer. One of the best
of early shipping plums.

Coe’s Golden Drop. Very large and beautiful, oval;
color light yellow; flesh firm, rich and sweet; adheres to
the stone. September.

Damson. Fruit small, oval; skin purple; flesh melting,
juicy, with a sub-acid flavor. Excellent for jellies and
preserves. September.

Diamond Very large, oval; color dark purple with
deep bloom; flesh firm, deep yellow, with a brisk acid
flavor. An immense bearer and a good shipper. August.

Duarte. A fine blood plum. Resembles Satsuma but
superior both in productiveness and quality. July.

Formosa. Fruit very large, heart shaped and of light
cherry red color. Flesh pale yellow, firm, sweet and with
a delicious rich flavor. Tree a vigorous upright grower
and a heavy bearer.

Gaviota. Fruit nearly round, sometimes oblate; deep
purplish red; flesh firm, honey yellow and sweet; pit ex-
ceedingly small. Late July.

Giant. Fruit of immense size, dark crimson in color;
flesh firm, rich, and sweet; an excellent shipper. Tree
strong, and a regular and heavy bearer. Late August,

Grand Duke. A very good late shipping plum. Fruit
very large; skin dark, almost blackish purple; flesh
greenish yellow, adhering to the stone; flavor sweet and
rich when ripe. Tree a regular and prolific bearer. Late
August.

Green Gage. A very popular canning plum. Medium
size, round; skin yellowish -green; rich and sweet when
fully ripe. Tree is of slow growth, short, and of a rather
dwarfish habit, but a regular and heavy bearer. Middle
of August.

Jefferson. The leading canning plum. Large, oval,
base slightly narrowed; color greenish yellow, becoming
golden, with reddish cheek; flesh rich yellow, juicy and
high-flavored and luscious; adheres partly to its long
pointed stone. Tree a medium grower but very pro-
ductive. August and September.

[13]

Santa Rosa

Kelsey Japan. Very large; greenish yellow, covered
with red on the sunny side; flesh very solid and firm;
juicy and with a rich vinous flavor; pit very %mall;
splendid shipper; an immense bearer. September.

President. Very large and shaped like a Yellow Egg.
Skin ptnrple; flesh yellow and of fine texture. A very
good late plum. September.

Santa Rosa. The best early plum. Fruit very large;
color deep purple crimson, with a pale yellow bloom; flesh
pale amber near the stone, shading to deep crimson near
the skin; flavor rich, juicy and delicious. Tree an up-
right grower and a heavy bearer. One of the best ship-
ping plums. Middle June.

Satsuma. The well known and popular Japanese
blood plum. Fruit large, globular; skin reddish purple;
flesh dark, rich red from skin to pit; flavor excellent; pit
small. Unexcelled for jellies, preserves and canning.
Tree a strong and heavy producer. July.

Washington. A valuable canning plum. Fruit large,
roundish; skin dull yellow in color with pale crimson
blush on surface exposed to sun; flesh yellow, firm and
finely flavored. Tree a good grower and a heavy bearer,
August.

Wickson. Very large, heart shaped; in Vipening color
changes from a cherry red to a brilliant claret as full
ripeness is attained; flesh amber colored, very juicy and
of a delicious flavor. Remarkable for long keeping. Tree
vigorous and upright. August.

Yellow Egg. A very fine canning plum. Fruit large
to very large, skin deep golden color covered with white
bloom; flesh firm, juicy but rather acid, until very ripe,
when it becomes sweet. August.

ROSE MOUND NURSERIES

Improved French

The Prune

The prune industry is one of the most important on the
Pacific coast. It has lately been found that many sec-
tions formerly considered unfit for commercial prune
growing are producing an abundance of prunes of won-
derful quality. In California the French prune is the
principal variety used for drying followed closely by the
popular sorts such as Imperial, Robe de Sargent and
Sugar, while the Tragedy and Hungarian are used for
fresh shipping.

Prunes are budded on Myrobolan, Peach and Almond
roots. The Myrobolan root is adapted to a wide range
of soils but should always be used in low heavy land.
The peach root is best for light well-drained soils, while
the almond root is used on light gravelly soils.

The trees should be planted from 20 to 25 feet apart.
The cultural directions are the same as apply to the
plum, with the exception that some varieties of prunes,
especially the Sugar, require severe pruning each year.
On these all new growth should be cut back one-half to
two-thirds. Prune growing has developed until today
it is next in importance to the grape.

VARIETIES AND DESCRIPTIONS

French Improved. This is the drying prune at present
most widely grown in the state. There are many in-
ferior strains, but the buds for our stock are selected
by our experienced nurserymen from the best prune

orchards in the state. The tree is a very vigorous grower
and bears abundantly in almost all sections of the state.
The fruit is egg-shaped, has a rather thin neck and a
deep violet color. The flesh is of good quality, sweet,
rich and sugary. We do not hesitate to recommend
planting large acreages of this variety. Ripens from
August 20th to September 20th.

Hungarian. Excellent for shipping. Fruit very large,
dark red, juicy and sweet. Tree a strong grower and a
heavy bearer. Late August.

Imperial. The largest and finest prune cultivated in
California. With its uniformly large size, reddish or light
purple color, thin skin, sweetness and high flavor, it
stands above all prunes. It contains more sugar than
the French prune. Always commands the highest price
in the market. Especially adapted to bench and hill
land. Late August and early September.

Robe de Sargent. Medium size; oval; skin deep purple;
approaching black, and covered with a thick blue bloom;
flesh greenish yellow, sweet and well flavored; sugary,
rich and delicious, adhering slightly to the pit. Dries
larger and darker than the French and ripens ten days
earlier. August.

Silver. Is a seedling of Coe’s Golden Drop to which
it is very similar. Fruit very large and pale yellow,
dotted with red on the side exposed to the sun. The
flesh is yellow, firm and rich. Makes an exceedingly at-
tractive product when bleached and dried. Good also for
canning. September.

Sugar. Extremely early, very large, dark purple cov-

r Hi

Prunes in Blossom

SANTA ROSA, CALIFORNIA

ered with a thick bloom, flesh yellow, tender and rich.
The tree is vigorous, a strong grower and a heavy
bearer. On account of the high sugar content and its
early ripening period, we do not hesitate to recommend it.

Tragedy. The large and attractive appearance of this
variety has won for it the distinction of being one of
the best shippers in the state. It is a beautiful dark
purple in color, being elongated in shape, and flesh of a
yellowish green, very juicy, rich and sweet in flavor.
The tree is an upright grower, and a regular and heavy
bearer. Its early ripening period also makes it a favorite.
Early July.

The Apricot

California has a monopoly on the production of Apri-
cots as no other section of our country produces them
in quantities at so little expense and small risk of failure
of crops. The crop is principally dried and canned,
although large shipments of the fresh fruit are made
yearly to the Eastern markets with very satisfactory
returns to the grower. The long dry summers facilitate
the successful handling of the fruit with hardly any
risk of loss, while the climatic conditions are such as
insure an even cropping. It is particularly adapted to
the interior valleys both north and south where the yield
is heavy, sure and quality excellent. The great advan-
tages of the valley plantings is that the fruit ripens
nearly a month earlier than in the cooler coast regions,
and the brown rot does not affect them in the drier
climates of the interior, seriously, if at all.

On account of their tendency to spread, the trees
should be planted not less than 20 to 30 feet apart in
regular orchard form.

Apricot trees are worked on apricot, myrobolan and
peach roots. The apricot root is best adapted to heavy
loams which are well drained, the myrobolan root to the
heavy moist soils, and the peach to the light silt and
sandy locations.

The apricot tree is a very strong, straggly grower, and
much care should be taken with the pruning for the first
three or four years. They should be cut back to twenty
inches at planting, and the laterals shortened to two

inches. In pruning the first winter after planting, remove
all branches from the tree to a height of 1 2 inches and
leave from three to five main branches to form the head
of the tree, and cut these back to 1 2 inches. These
limbs should be distributed around the trunk of the tree
so as to prevent crowding and overlapping as the tree
develops. The second year these branches should be cut
back at least two -thirds of their length. The third year
should be less severe. In the fourth and future years
the pruning is carried out with a view of shaping and
controlling such branches as tend toward making a ram-
pant growth.

Apricots usually come into bearing the fourth year
after planting, but it requires seven or eight years to
bring the tree into full bearing. This, however, is de-
pendent upon the care, cultivation and pruning given
during the first four or five years after planting.

VARIETIES AND DESCRIPTIONS

Blenheim. This variety is sometimes termed as an im-
proved Royal, having all the good bearing qualities of the
Royal, but being larger in size. One of the most widely
known canning and drying varieties grown in California.
Fruit oval; orange, with a deep yellow, juicy and rich
flesh. Tree is vigorous grower and a prolific bearer.
Ripens latter part of June.

Hemskirke. This variety is similar to the Moorpark
in appearance but the tree is a much better bearer. Fruit
large, roundish, but considerably compressed or flattened
on its sides; skin orange, with red cheek; flesh bright
orange, tender, with rich, lucious, plum like flavor. Ripens
latter part of June.

Moorpark. One of the largest apricots grown, and
while it is a shy and irregular bearer, it is a decided
favorite with many people. Fruit deep orange or brown-
ish red; flesh orange colored, rich and juicy. We do not
recommend this variety for large plantings on account of
its light bearing but we do largely recommend it for the
family orchard. Ripens latter part of June.

Newcastle. Valuable for market purposes on account
of its early ripening period. Fruit medium size, round,

[15]

Harvesting Prunes

ROSE MOUND NURSERIES

free stone, rich in flavor and highly colored. Tree a
regular and prolific bearer. Adapted for planting in the
interior valleys and foothill sections. Ripens middle of
May;

Routier’s Peach. Derives the latter part of its name
from the fact that it grows to unusual size, being in many
instances as large as a medium sized peach. Fruit deep
orange, mottled or splashed \vith red in the sun; flesh
juicy and rich, high flavor and a good market variety.
Very popular in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys.
Ripens middle of June.

Royal. The most extensively planted apricot in Cali-
fornia. Fruit large size (when well thinned out) free
stone, deep yellow flushed with red on the sunny side.
The flesh is of light yellow color, juicy, firm, and has a
delicious flavor. The tree is a strong grower and an ex-
ceedingly heavy producer. We highly recommend this
variety for shipping, canning and. drying purposes, for
any section of the state where apricots may be grown.
Ripens early June.

Tilton. This valuable apricot originated from a chance
seedling grown by Mr. Tilton of Lemoore, Kings County,
California, and now occupies an important position as
one of the leading apricots grown in the state. It re-
sembles the Routier's Peach Apricot and is fully as large.
Fruit orange yellow, firm and has a delightful apricot
flavor. The tree is a strong, rampant grower, and a heavy
bearer. This variety is very largely planted in the San
Joaquin Valley, where it seems to be well adapted, bear-
ing wonderful crops which ripen evenly on the trees. As
a dryer and canner it cannot be surpassed. Ripens
about the middle of June.

The Peach

California leads all other states in the production of
peaches, in fact it is the leading horticultural product of
that state. It is found widely distributed not only in
California, but throughout the length and breadth of the
Pacific slope, as well as in every state in the Union. For
size, color, flavor, shipping and drying qualities, the
peaches grown in this state are unsurpassed. There is
no competition with California’s output of dried and
canned Peaches.

The best peach soils are light, deep, sandy loams,
rather dry than moist, but under all circumstances well
drained.

When the trees are set, cut them back to 20 inches
from the top of the ground and shorten in all lateral
branches, if any, to two buds. The first winter after
planting cut away all branches up to 1 2 inches from the
ground, and leave not more than four branches to form
the head of the tree. These branches should be selected
so as to form a symmetrical head. The second winter
thin out the small lateral branches and leave not more
than two or three on each of the framework branches,
cutting these back one-half. This system can be fol-
lowed each year but thinning out the lateral branches is
necessary in order to prevent smothering the inside of
the tree.

Peach trees are usually set from 20 to 24 feet apart.
On light soils we suggest planting them 20 feet apart,
but on heavier soils 22 to 24 feet.

Under proper treatment the trees should begin bearing
the fourth or fifth years, and at six years begin to bear
a profitable crop of fruit.

VARIETIES AND DESCRIPTIONS

Alexander. Most widely grown as best early variety.
Fruit medium to large; greenish white, nearly covered
with deep red; flesh firm, juicy, and sweet; bears trans-
portation well; pit is partly free. Early June.

Briggs’ Red May. Fruit medium to large, color green-
ish white with bright red cheek, flesh white, melting and
juicy. A good market sort. Middle June.

Early Crawford. Very large; freestone; skin yellow,
with red cheek. The flesh is yellow, rich and of good
flavor. Good for canning, drying or shipping. Tree very
vigorous and prolific. One of the most largely planted
early freestone varieties in California. Middle July.

Elberta. A fine peach and standard midsummer free-
stone. Fruit large, yellow, with red cheek; juicy, sweet
and highly flavored; tree grows strong and healthy; very
productive. One of the best known peaches for shipping,
drying and canning. Late July.

Foster. Large, color yellow, dark red cheek, similar to
Early Crawford but better in every respect. Is excellent
for drying, canning or shipping. Middle July.

Hale’s Early. Medium to large, nearly round; skin

Apricot Orchard in the Santa Clara Valley

[16]

SANTA ROSA, CALIFORNIA

greenish, mostly covered and mottled with red when ripe;
flesh white, melting, juicy and sweet; freestone. A good
variety for local market and shipping. Early July.

Heath Cling. Large; skin downy; creamy white, with
faint blush of red; flesh white slightly red at the pit;
very tender, juicy, sweet and delicious. One of the very
best peaches for canning. Middle of September.

J. H. Hale. A valuable variety, similar to the Elberta
but larger. Skin smooth, very firm, flesh yellow, free-
stone, tender, quality the best. Tree very strong and
vigorous grower. As a shipper it has no equal. Middle
July.

Late Crawford. Very large freestone; roundish, skin
yellow with red cheek; flesh deep yellow, juicy and of
excellent quality; very firm; a good skipper; good for
canning or drying. A popular and well known variety.
Early August.

Levy Late Cling. Latest commercial cling peach. Rip-
ens after the Phillips. Skin a deep yellow, firm, juicy,
sweet, slightly vinous, a splendid late shipping peach.
Tree a vigorous grower and a heavy bearer. Middle
September.

Lovell. One of the best drying and canning free-
stones. Dries heavier than the Muir. Fruit almost per-
fectly round; color yellow, flesh fine, firm, yellow to the
pit. Tree a vigorous grower and a heavy bearer.

Mayflower. The earliest peach known. Absolutely red
all over; flesh white; juicy and of excellent flavor. Large
as the Alexander and ripens two weeks earlier. Tree is
a strong grower, blooms late, heavy bearer and requires
thinning. Early iMay.

McDevitt Cling. Fruit very large; rich golden yellow;
firm and of excellent flavor. Tree a strong grower and
a regular bearer. A good shipper. Late August.

McKevitt Cling. A white clingstone; flesh very firm,
fine-grained, sugary and rich, high flavor, white to the
pit. Excellent for shipping or canning. Tree remarkably
strong in growth and free from disease. Late August.

Muir. The best of all peaches for drying. Large to
very large; perfect freestone; flesh clear yellow; very
dense; rich and sweet; pit small. Fruit an excellent
shipper or canner, but it is particularly adapted to dry-
ing because of its exceptional sweetness and density of
flesh; yield, one pound dry from less than five pounds
fresh. A regular and prolific bearer. Late July.

Orange Cling. Fruit very large; yellow with dark
crimson cheek; flesh yellow, rich and sugary with the
finest flavor; good bearer. Early August.

Peaks Cling. Another mid-season canning peach simi-
lar to the Pelora. It practically has the same color, and
size. Ripens immediately after the Tuscan.

Full Bearing Peach Orchard

Pelora. A popular mid-season canning peach which is
being planted on the peach growing sections to meet the
demand of the canneries for a variety to follow the Tus-
can but ripening before the Phillips. Fruit large, clear
yellow to the pit; good bearer. Middle August.

Phillips Cling. The leading canning peach in Califor-
nia. Fruit large and yellow; flesh firm clear yellow to
the pit which is very small; flesh highly colored and of
fine texture. A favorite with the canners on account of
its lateness of ripening which prolongs their canning
season. Early September.

Salway. A late freestone variety. Fruit large; yellow
with crimson cheek; flesh deep yellow; very juicy and
sweet, good for canning, drying or shipping.

Simms Cling. Known as an improved Phillips (Ming,

[17]

Hale’s Early

Phillips Cling

Royal Apricot

ROSE MOUND NURSERIES

Drying Peaches

which it resembles. Fruit large, golden yellow with faint
blush on exposed side; flesh deep yellow to pit which is
small. Ripens just before the Phillips. Middle August.

Strawberry Freestone. Medium white with dark red
markings; flesh white, juicy and highly flavored. Excel-
lent variety for home orchard. Early July.

Strawberry Cling. Large yellow cling, splashed with
bright red. Flesh white; slightly red around the pit.
Fruit good shipper on account of its attractive appear-
ance. Middle September.

Triumph. First yellow fleshed peach to ripen. A per-
fect freestone, pit very small. Fruit yellow, nearly cov-
ered with red, with uniform yellow flesh, clear to pit.
Texture fine, flavor excellent. Middle June.

Tuscan. Next to the Phillips the best canning peach
in cultivation. Fruit very large; yellow to the pit. As
a bearer the tree cannot be excelled. Particularly
adapted to planting in the interior valleys and foothill
sections. Middle of July.

Yellow St. John. Similiar to the Early Crawford.
Fruit large roundish, orange yellow color with deep red
cheek. Flesh juicy, sweet and a perfect freestone. Early

July.

The Nectarine

The nectarine is a most delicious fruit, requiring the
same culture as the peach, from which it differs by hav-
ing a smooth skin like a plum. The mellowness of the
pulp, combined with its rich, sweet aromatic flavor,
renders it especially desirable for drying, canning of
shipping. The Nectarines are budded on peach root and
should be planted in light or loam soils.

VARIETIES AND DESCRIPTIONS

Advance, Fruit large and round; skin green, blotched
with red and brown on sunny side; flesh greenish-white
and sugary, and of a delieate sub-acid flavor. Early July.

Gower. Earliest and best red nectarine. Fruit large,
very firm, rendering it the best variety for shipping. Tree
a remarkable grower and a heavy and consistent bearer.
Early July.

Humboldt. Fruit very large; skin bright orange,
streaked with very dark crimson in the sun; flesh orange,
very tender, juicy and richly flavored. The leading yel-
low fleshed nectarine. August.

New White. Fruit large; skin greenish white; flesh
white, tender, juicy and of delicious flavor; skin greenish-
fine drying sort. Early July.

Stan wick. The leading variety. Fruit large size; flesh
white tender, juicy and of delicious flavor; skin greenish-
white shaded with reddish-purple in the sun. Tree an
enormous bearer. The best variety for drying and ship-
ping. August.

The Fig

In the production of the fig, California has no serious
competition. It occupies a foremost position among
California fruits, being easy of culture and a most de-
licious fruit.

The fig thrives in the warm interior valleys and thou-
sands of acres are annually planted in the San Joaquin
and Sacramento valleys.

No tree responds to proper care, cultivation and prun-
ing more than the fig. They should be planted 30 feet
apart and on rich soil; 35 feet is preferable. When
planting cut the tree back to 1 8 inches from the ground.
The first winter cut all branches back to 12 inches being
sure to wax all cuts, and leave three or four branches
to form the head of the tree. These should be evenly
distributed around the trunk so that they will not crowd
one another. The second season cut away two-thirds of
the new growth, leaving one or two shoots on the frame-
work branches. The third season cut the new growth
back one-half and reduce the lateral branches to two on
each of the limbs shortened in the previous season. The
pruning the following years should be only to remove
interfering or crowding limbs.

All the varieties listed here are self-caprifying except
the Calimyrna, which is the leading variety used in large
commercial planting. The Capri figs are the wild figs
which furnish the pollen by which the Calimyrna figs
are fertilized through the aid of the fig-wasp (Blasto-
phaga grossorum) that lives and breeds in the Capri figs.
Without Capri figs the Calimyrna cannot be made to
bear. Consequently a few Capri figs should always be
planted with the Calimyrna.

VARIETIES AND DESCRIPTIONS

Calimyrna. The leading commercial fig. Fruit large
to very large; pyriform; very short, stalk short; ribs
distinct; skin greenish yellow; pulp reddish -amber, some-
times pale amber, turning to dark amber just before
falling; seeds large, yellow, fertile, overspread with a
clear, white syrup, giving the fruit a richness and meati-
ness unsurpassed by any other fig. Dries readily and
with less trouble and expense than any other fig, drop-
ping to the ground of its own accord, and requiring only
two or three days to dry when exposed to the sun.
August.

Kadota. The leading variety for canning and pick-
ling. Fruit medium size; skin thin and of a golden yellow
color; pulp white tinged with pink towards the center.
Early August.

Mission (California Black). The most dependable va-
riety grown in California. Tree a very strong grower,
often attaining a height of seventy- five feet and a spread
of fifty feet. It is a regular and heavy bearer and has
been proven to be a very profitable variety both for
shipping and drying. Fruit very large with deep violet
color; skin thin; flesh sweet and highly flavored. First
crop ripens early in July, main crop August.

White Adriatic. A splendid drier and a good shipper.
Fruit medium size, roundish; skin thin, greenish yellow;

[18]

iffisisas

SANTA ROSA, CALIFORNIA

Thrifty Young Fig Orchard

pulp bright red. A regular and a prolific bearer. Middle
August.

Wild or Capri Figs. These figs serve as a home for the
Fig Wasp Blastophaga Grossorum. They produce three

Fruiting Olive Branch

[ 19]

crops of fruit a year, thereby sustaining the life of the
insect. The pollen from these figs carried by the Fig
Wasp fertilizes the Calimyrna, which causes the fruit to
bear. We have the following varieties: Capri No. 1,
Capri No. 2, and Capri No. 3.

The Olive

The Olive has long passed the experimental stage in
California and now is being grown commercially with
much success. It is especially adapted to the interior
valleys where it reaches its highest state of perfection.
When given proper cultivation and pruning it responds
with abundant crops.

Olives thrive best on a deep well-drained loam, and
should be planted 30 feet apart. In order to insure the
best results for orchardists we top prune and shorten
all the lateral branches before shipment from the nursery.

When the trees are planted, cut them back to 20
inches and shorten all laterals at least two inches. The
first winter after planting cut all growth off except four
or five branches which are to form the head of the tree,
and have these properly distributed. At least two-thirds
of their growth should be cut back. The second year,
leave from one to two lateral branches on each frame-
work branch and cut them back one-half. The future
pruning of the tree is to preserve its shape and prevent
overlapping and crossed branches from growing.

Olive trees usually come into bearing five years after
planting, but do not reach their maturity until ten years
of age. A ten-year-old orchard should produce two tons
of fruit to the acre.

VARIETIES AND DESCRIPTIONS

Ascolano. An excellent olive of large size and fine ap-
pearance, fruit often equaling in size the French Prune
to which it is similar in shape. Tree a strong spreading
grower and has a beautiful foliage. Late October.

Manzanillo. One of the standard varieties for green
and ripe pickles. Fruit large, purplish black with light
colored specks. Very hardy and a regular and prolific
bearer. Early October.

Mission. Fruit medium to large, oblong; flesh is very
firm and is highly recommended for the making of both
green and ripe pickles, as well as oil. The tree is a
handsome upright grower and is valuable as an orna-
mental. Late October.

Sevillano. The largest olive. When ripe of a bluish -
black color; flesh adheres to the pit. The best variety
for green pickles. October.

ROSE MOUND NURSERIES

Nuts

Nonpareil

Most Popular Paper Shell Almond

The Almond

Almond culture is an important industry in favored
sections of California, particularly on the higher lands
of the valleys, and where late spring frosts do not occur.
There are many sections producing abundant crops of
excellent quality nuts, where a few years ago it was
thought they could not be grown.

The tree prefers a loose, light, warm, well-drained soil.

Almond trees are budded on both the almond and
peach roots. The almond root is adapted to sandy or
gravelly soils, while the peach root should be planted on
loamy, compact soils.

Two or more varieties of almonds must be planted to-
gether, in the right combination to secure successful
pollination. The best fertilizing varieties are Drake’s
Seedling and Texas Prolific, and should be planted with
such varieties as Nonpareil, Ne Plus Ultra, Peerless, and
I X L, alternating at least every fourth to sixth row.

When planting, set the trees twenty-five feet apart and
cut them back to twenty inches from the ground.

The following winter thin out the limbs, leaving three
or four to form the head of the tree, and these should be
properly distributed and cut back severely. The second
winter the new growth should be cut back to one foot.
The following winter all the pruning required will be to
thin out overlapping or crowded branches, and such
pruning should be carried out in future years.

VARIETIES AND DESCRIPTIONS

Drake’s Seedling. Well known variety and prized for
its regular and heavy producing qualities. Valued also
as a pollenizer. Nut medium size, roundish. Shell med-
ium soft, kernel good size. Full bloom March 1st.

Full Bearing Almond Orchard near Dixon

[20]

SANTA ROSA; CALIFORNIA

I X L. One of the standard commercial varieties.
Hulls easily, no machine needed; bleaching unnecessary.
Nuts large and symmetrical; shell soft, smooth; kernel
large and well filled. Tree a strong upright grower. Full
bloom March 5th.

Jordan. A hard shell nut, and planted in almost all
almond sections. It is largely used by confectioners on
account of its rich high flavor. The kernels are single,
narrow, long and plump, filling the entire cavity. Tree
a strong grower and heavy bearer. Full bloom February
25th.

Ne Plus Ultra. Nut large and long; soft shell; fine
flavor, hulls readily; a heavy and regular bearer; tree a
strong grower. Full bloom March 5th.

Nonpareil. Most popular paper shell variety. Kernel
long and narrow, and of excellent quality. Tree is a vig-
orous grower, producing heavy crops of large well filled
nuts. Full bloom March 9th.

Peerless. Preferred by some to I X L, which it re-
sembles, but the nut is larger. Shell medium soft, white.
Kernel short, few doubles. Grown quite largely in Sac-
ramento Valley where it is considered a very profitable
variety. Full bloom March 5th.

Texas Prolific. Closely resembles Drake’s Seedling.
Kernel very plump and of medium size, shell soft. As
the name indicates, this is a very heavy and regular
bearer. Valuable to plant with other varieties for pol-
lination. Tree a fine, strong grower. Full bloom
March 22nd.

The Walnut

There is no other nut tree that will yield such abund-
ant crops at so little effort or expense as the walnut.
Although they prefer a deep, rich moist soil, and respond
quickly to good and thorough cultivation, they will bear
excellent crops when planted under adverse conditions.

Our trees are grown from carefully selected scions
from the best fruiting trees, grafted on the California
black walnut, which renders them adaptable to a very
wide range of soils, and at the same time promotes a
strong, robust growth.

The walnut should be set 50 feet apart, either in or-
chard form or along avenues. When the trees are
planted, cut them back to 3 feet from the top of the
ground. Very little pruning is required. After the head
of the tree is formed the only pruning necessary is to re-
move overlapping and interfering branches.

VARIETIES AND DESCRIPTIONS

California Black Walnut Seedling. Rapid growing and
desirable as a stock for grafting or budding; adapts it-
self to all conditions. Nut medium size; hard, smooth
shell.

Concord. This popular variety originated from a seedling
planted years ago by the father of Mr. George Westcott, in
Walnut Creek, Contra Costa County, California. The fact
that the tree has been a strong grower and enormous
bearer, producing large, smooth, round nuts, well filled,
has placed it in the front rank as the sort to plant by all
Walnut growers in this district.

Eureka. Tree remarkably vigorous; upright grower.
About ten days later in blooming than other varieties.
Nuts large, elongated smooth and tightly sealed. A de-
sirable variety for planting in the interior valleys. Regu-
larly productive.

Franquette. The standard among walnuts, and com-

[21]

Eureka

Concord

Franquette

Placentia

Mayette

ROSE MOUND NURSERIES

manding a higher price in the market than any other.
Nuts large, elongated, smooth and tightly sealed. A de-
form; kernel full, sweet, with a very rich nutty flavor.
Blooms late in the spring.

Mayette. Ranks with the Franquette as one of the
leading commercial varieties. Nuts large and uniform;
shell light colored; blooms late in the spring and bears
abundantly.

Payne Seedling. This, the Walnut of Walnuts, comes
into bearing almost immediately. This nut originated on
the Geo. Payne Ranch. It is the best bearer of all the dif-
ferent varieties. The description is similar to the Fran-
quette This variety must be kept heavily pruned or it
will overbear, and the tree will become stunted. The Payne
Seedling is thoroughly tested. It is being planted exten-
sively in large tracts in those sections of the state where
Walnuts are grown commercially. Its future is now a sure
success.

Placentia Perfection. A vigorous grower; commences
to bear abundantly about the fifth year after planting.
Nuts large; shell smooth and thin; kernel white and
sweet.

The Chestnut

The chestnut is a favorite tree for park and avenue
purposes. Being a late bloomer no danger of frost is
encountered. Trees should be planted fifty feet apart
each way.

Spanish. A highly ornamental tree of free growth and
fine foliage. The nut is large, sweet and one of the
hardiest and best varieties for general planting.

The Pecan

In favored sections of California, especially in the Sac-
ramento and San Joaquin valleys, the pecan thrives well
making a rapid growth and producing abundant crops of
nuts. The trees thrive in a variety of soils, but in the
coast regions the nuts rarely mature owing to the fog
and cold weather.

Wonderful

The Pomegranate

Highly appreciated for its handsome fruit and the or-
namental, semi-dwarf habit of the tree. The natural
habit of the tree is to grow bushy, so very little pruning
is required. Growers are finding an increasing demand
for this wonderful showy fruit.

Wonderful. So far superior to other varieties that it is
the only variety which we grow. Fruit very large, highly
colored and attractive, pulp a rich garnet color, with an
abundance of juice, and a delicious flavor. Valuable for
shipping to eastern markets. October.

The Persimmon

During the last few years the commercial value of the
Persimmon has been realized, and it is now being ex-
tensively planted in many sections of the state. Where
the Persimmon is known on the market it finds a ready
sale. There are two varieties in cultivation, the Ameri-

can and Japanese. The American types are small and
of little commercial value and are sold principally for
ornamental planting.

The cost of cultivation, care and production is reduced
to a minimum. The Persimmon prefers a light loamy
soil but will give good results on land too poor for other
crops. They can be produced at one-half the cost of
other fruits as there is no frost risk, very few diseases
and insect troubles and requires little pruning.

The trees should be planted 25 feet apart and cut
back to eighteen inches when planted. The first winter
select three or four branches to form the head of the
tree, and cut them back one-half. The second season
leave one upright limb on each of the framework branches
and cut it back one-half. In the future years, the prun-
ing should be continued to fashion the tree into the
typical goblet form.

VARIETIES AND DESCRIPTIONS

Dai-Dai-Maru. Fruit very large, round, somewhat flat-
tened; color light yellow; flesh firm, juicy and delicious;
seeds generally absent.

Hachiya. Fruit very large, oblong, conical, pointed
toward the apex; color dark bright red; flesh yellow, with
dark streaks; few seeds; a valuable variety, considered
to be one of the best. October.

Hyakume. Fruit very large, roundish oval, flattened
on both ends; color orange yellow; flesh rusty brown,
with many purple or dark spots, and but few seeds;
ripens early, and not astringent even when hard. Octo-
ber.

Tane-Nashi. Large to very large, broadly oblong,
pointed; color bright red when ripe; flesh yellow, seed-
less, quality very fine. Tree a vigorous grower and a
prolific bearer. A valuable market variety on account
of its large size and earliness.

Yemon. Fruit is large, tomato shaped, a little square
in outline; color light yellow, changing to dull red when
ripe; flesh deep yellow, seedless or nearly so. Cannot
be eaten until soft. November.

Persian Mulberry

Rapid, dense growing tree; produces berries of large
size and with a very juicy and aromatic flavor. Bears
young and heavy.

[22]

SANTA ROSA, CALIFORNIA

Citrus

Citrus culture is one of the great and growing indus-
tries of California. The largest citrus belt is found in
the interior counties of the south, but favored locations
are found along the foothill regions of the San Joaquin
and Sacramento valleys.

The orange thrives best on a deep, heavy, rich and
well-drained loam. They are usually planted not closer
than 22 to 24 feet apart on the square method; with the
exception of the slower growing varieties such as the
Satsumas, Limes and Kumquats, which are of a dwarfish
habit and should be planted from 1 2 to 15 feet apart.

Citrus trees being an evergreen can be planted at all
seasons of the year although the months of March, April,
May and June are considered the most favorable.

Great care should be taken not to allow the ball of
earth around the roots to dry out before planting. When
planting do not break the ball of earth and leave the
burlap around the earth, as this soon rots. The trees
should be set from one to two inches deeper than in the
nursery. Leave a basin around the tree and fill this with
water. When the earth is dry enough to break up fine,
cultivate carefully and irrigate every ten days or two
weeks, until the trees begin to grow; after that, irrigation
is a matter of weather conditions, but never allow the
trees to suffer for water.

Our citrus trees are headed at about 28 inches, hence
all that is necessary for the planter to do is to shorten
the branches to about six inches, and to thin them out,
leaving not more than six, if they have a tendency to
overcrowd.

Citrus trees require very little pruning. The first up-
right branches should be selected to form the head of
the tree. The pruning should be carried out so as to
form a well rounded symmetrical head. All interfering
and overlapping branches should be removed and all
water sprouts and suckers should be cut away as soon
as they appear.

Citrus trees as a rule, come into bearing the third or
fourth years after planting. A profitable crop should
be harvested when the trees are eight years of age.

Our citrus stock is budded on sour oraiige root. We
consider this the best for it is very resistant to gum
disease and will stand a wide range of soils.

Fruits

Oranges

VARIETIES AND DESCRIPTIONS

Ruby Blood. This variety is not planted extensively
for market use but it is highly prized for home use. Tree
a strong vigorous grower and a heavy bearer. Fruit
medium size, nearly round, with a thin smooth yellow
skin; pulp rich and sweet, streaked with red. Ripens
February to May.

Valencia. Stands second to the Washington Navel in
commercial importance. As the Navel season closes the
Valencia season begins and lasts through the summer
and fall months. Tree strong and vigorous, an upright
grower and a prolific bearer. Fruit large, oblong, firm
and juicy, with very little rag and few seeds. April to
October.

Washington Navel. The orange that has made Cali-
fornia famous as a citrus-growing state. The tree is a
vigorous grower, a prolific bearer and makes a well
rounded, uniform top. Fruit large; flesh meaty, tender,
sweet and highly flavored; entirely seedless. Ripens No-
vember to March.

Lemons

VARIETIES AND DESCRIPTIONS

Eureka. The leading commercial lemon. The tree is
a vigorous grower and is practically free from thorns.
Fruit uniform and of medium size, smooth, glossy and an
excellent keeper. Bears heavy and continuously espec-
ially during the summer months when lemons are in the
greatest demand.

Lisbon. A popular variety on account of its fine
quality. Fruit very juicy with strong acid flavor; fine
grain; few seeds; keeps well; tree grows strong and
bears heavy; branches thorny. December to May.

Villa Franca. A strong growing variety; nearly thorn-
less; fruit oblong, juicy and nearly seedless; withstands
lower temperatures than any other varieties. December
to May.

[23]

Orange Groves near Riverside

ROSE MOUND NURSERIES

Washington Navel

Satsuma Orange

Marsh’s Seedless

Limes

Bearss Seedless. Out of the many varieties planted
and tested in California, the Bearss Seedless has been
found to be the best of all. Fruit large; seedless, very
juicy with a pronounced acidity. Tree hardy and ex-
ceedingly productive; fruits mature the year round.

Pomelos or Grapefruit

Marsh’s Seedless. While there are other varieties of
Pomelos grown, the Marsh’s Seedless is so much superior
in quality and size, that it is the only variety propa-
gated to any extent. Tree a strong grower and highly

valued as an ornamental. Fruit medium to large, skin
very smooth, glossy lemon yellow. Pulp very juicy with
very little rag, and nearly seedless. March to October.

«*

Tangerines

VARIETIES AND DESCRIPTIONS

Dancy’s. The most popular Tangerine. Fruit small;
skin orange red; pulp of best quality, not very seedy;
rind separates freely from the flesh; juicy and highly
flavored. Tree a strong grower and very prolific. Febru-
ary to May.

Satsuma. Fruit medium size; skin loose; flesh fine
grained, tender, sweet and delicious. Tree rather dwarf,
bears young and very hardy. November to May.

Thompson Seedless Muscat Zinfandel

[24]

SANTA ROSA, CALIFORNIA

The Grape

LAYING OUT A VINEYARD

Vines are generally planted in squares, but sometimes
at a less distance in the rows than the rows from each
other. In laying out a vineyard the base lines should
first be established. This should be done with a transit
so as to get the base lines at right angles. If the base
lines are not at right angles, the rows will not be straight.
For planting use a steel woven No. 19 galvanized wire
divided up into sections as recommended under the head
on “How to Plant.” Along this wire patches of solder
are placed exactly at the distances desired between the
rows of vines, and to these places pieces of red cloth
are sometimes fastened so that the points may be easily
seen. Another style of measuring wire is made of small
wire cable about a quarter of an inch in diameter, made
of several strands of small wire. It is more flexible and
less likely to become kinked than the large wire, and
can be easily marked off to represent the distances by
separating the strands a little at the desired points and
inserting a little piece of red cloth, pressing the wires
together again and tying firmly with a waxed thread to
prevent slipping. At each end of the wire is fixed a
strong iron ring about three inches in diameter. The
stakes which are to be used for markers are usually split
out of redwood, and at least six inches of one end should
be dipped into a bucket of whitewash, so that the line
of the base rows may be readily seen.

After setting the stakes along the outside line at the
distance apart the vines are to be planted, start at the
same end of the field again and set another line of stakes
parallel with the first line, proceeding until the entire
field is laid out in checks.

DISTANCE OF PLANTING

There is much difference of opinion and practice in
fixing the distance between vines. Planted in squares,
the distance varies from seven to ten feet, with eight
feet as most prevalent, taking the state as a whole.
The prevailing practice is to plant wine grapes 8x8 feet,
leaving out the twenty-fifth row for an avenue. For
raisin grapes which are to be headed low, and the drying
is to be done on trays in the vineyard, any of the fol-
lowing distances are satisfactory: 8x8, 7x10, 8x10,

4x/^xl I. The wide rows should always be east and west,
so the trays can get the full benefit of the sun’s rays.
For staked raisin grapes, where the drying is to be car-
ried out in the vineyard, 6x12 feet is the distance usually
employed. Table grapes should not be planted closer
than 8x10 feet apart. The wide rows should run north
and south so that the grapes will get more exposure to
the sun.

HOW TO PLANT

Great care must be taken in handling vines, especially
those which are grafted, in order to prevent the roots
and grafts from drying out. When received at their
destination they should be immediately unpacked and
heeled in moist ground. If the vines are grafted the tops
should be completely covered with soil. When ready to
plant cut off all rootlets except those starting from the
base of the vine, and these should be cut back to two
or three inches. Then prune the top of the vine, leaving
only one spur with from one to three buds. In carrying
to the field it is advisable that the plants be kept in a

California leads all other states in the production of
grapes for table use, shipping and the manufacture of
wine and raisins. The grape has a very wide range in
California. The San Joaquin Valley is the center of the

Well-rooted One-year-old Vines

raisin industry, while Sonoma and Napa counties lead in
the production of wine grapes. Nowhere in the world
can a better grape or raisin be produced.

Grape vines will thrive in almost any soils which are
fertile.

[25]

ROSE MOUND NURSERIES

bucket of water until planted. A rooted vine should be
planted so that the top is barely covered with soil but
a grafted vine should be covered to a depth of at least
two inches. Within a week after planting the earth
should be settled around the vines either by hauling
water to them or by irrigating, running the water in
furrows along each row.

STAKING

In autumn or winter following the planting the vines
should be staked either before or after planting; in any
case some time before the buds start in the spring. The
stakes used depend on the variety of the vine and method
of pruning to be ultimately adopted. Good strong
stakes, about 5 to 6 feet long and 2x2 inches square are
usually used. For the Muscat and Malaga which do not
make long canes a 3 or 4 foot stake will answer. These
stakes should be driven at least two feet in the ground,
so they will stay firm and will not be loosened by the
force of the wind on the vine, which is tied to the stake.
The stake should extend two or three inches above the
height at which the vine is intended to head. Place the
stake 1 to 2 inches from the vine on the side opposite to
the prevailing winds. It is very important to have the
stem of the vine tied firmly to the stake to have it as
straight as possible, for it will ultimately form the body
of the vine.

PRUNING

The young vines may be pruned at any time after the
leaves have fallen. The way the vines are to be pruned
will depend altogether on the growth they have made.
If the growth has been small the tops are pruned exactly
like rooted vines before planting. All the canes are re-
moved except the strongest, and this is cut back to two
buds. Any vines which have made a strong growth and
possess at least one cane of sufficient length may be
pruned for tying up. All the canes are removed entirely,
except the strongest, and this is cut back to 10, 1 5 or
18 inches, according to the height at which it is in-
tended to head the vine. The cane should then be care-
fully tied to the stake, two ties being needed in most
cases. In the second winter four spurs should be left

on the low varieties, and these should be as evenly dis-
tributed as possible. The medium varieties should have
at least six and the high vine not less than eight. These
spurs should not exceed five inches in length. In the
third winter each one of these spurs will have several
canes and in the case of the low and medium vines,
which ordinarily would not be trellised, low spurs with
not more than three eyes in each should be allowed to
remain. In future years these eyes from the original
stock may be increased, depending on the growth of the
vine. In the third year the trellising of high growth
should commence. When this is done one cane and one
short spur with three eyes or buds should be allowed to
grow from the stock of the preceding year. For trel-
lising, use a 1 2 gauge wire and either staple it to the
stakes, or bore holes through the stakes and pass the
wire through. The end stakes of each row are braced
to prevent the wires from becoming slack.

MILDEW

This is one of the most prevalent diseases of the vine
in California. This is caused by a fungus, which affects
leaves, canes and berries. The disease is recognized by
grayish white coloring of the affected leaves, which, as
the disease progresses, shrivel and dry up. The young
cane also blackens and dries, and the individual grapes
show whitish patches, which become darker colored and
crack open. The usual remedy is finely ground sulphur,
applied several times during the season.

OUR VINES

We have a wonderful stock of vines both rooted and
grafted. Our stock is all grown on new land and is
absolutely free from phylloxera, nematode and other
diseases.

FOREIGN TABLE AND SHIPPING GRAPES

Black Cornichon. A favorite table variety. Bunches
long and loose. Berries black, with deep blue bloom;
long, oval, with thick skin; flesh firm and of fine flavor.
One of the best late shipping grapes. October.

Black Hamburg. A fine tender grape. Bunches very
large and compact; berries coal black when ripe; very
large and oblong in shape; flesh very sugary, juicy and
rich. A favorite for table and market. September.

Raisin Drying Scene near Fresno

[26]

SANTA ROSA, CALIFORNIA

Black Malvoise. Berries large, oblong, reddish black
with faint bloom; flesh juicy and delicious. Vine a strong
grower and an immense bearer. Fine table, shipping and
wine grape. September.

Black Morocco. Bunches medium to large; berries
very large, round; purplish black when ripe; flesh sweet
and crisp. An excellent late shipping grape. October.

Black Muscat. An excellent table grape. Berries very
large; skin well colored, thin but tough; flesh soft and
juicy with a rich Muscat flavor. A fine variety for home
gardens. August and September.

Dattier de Beyrouth. A first class shipping grape and
suitable for making raisins. Berries large, oval; skin a
beautiful golden amber color overspread with a whitish
bloom when full ripe; flesh very juicy and sweet. An
excellent keeper. August and September.

Emperor. The best late shipping grape grown.
Bunches very large and long; berry large, oblong, deep
rose colored, covered with a light bloom; flesh firm and
of excellent quality. Withstands rain better than any
other variety. Vine a strong grower and a heavy bearer.
October.

Golden Chasselas. An excellent grape resembling the
Sweetwater but the berries are larger. Skin thin, amber
color; flesh tender and delicious. July.

Flame Tokay. A standard table grape. Bunches large
and compact; berries very large, oblong, red, covered
with a lilac bloom; flesh firm, crackling and sweet. Vine
a strong grower and a heavy bearer. September.

Ladyfinger. Bunches large and long; berries long,
white and thin-skinned; flesh tender, crisp and sweet.
August.

Malaga. A very good shipper. Bunches very large
and compact. Berries very large, oval, yellowish green,
with white bloom; thick skinned; flesh very firm, sweet,
crisp and of an exquisite flavor. Vine a very heavy
bearer. August.

Olivette. Similar to the Malaga but later. Bunches
large and well filled; berries greenish yellow, firm, crisp
and sweet. Skin tough making it a good shipping grape.
October.

Rose of Peru. Bunches very large; berries round,
large, with firm sweet flesh; skin black, tinged with yel-
lowish green. A fine market variety. Vine a strong
grower and bears exceedingly well.

Sweetwater. Bunches large and compact, berries med-
ium size, round; skin thin, transparent, greenish yellow;
pulp tender, juicy, sweet and richly flavored; one of the
very best early grapes. July.

WINE GRAPES

Alicante Bouschet. On account of the dark red color
of the juice, this variety is largely used for the coloring
of wine. In the last few years it has been bringing fab-
ulous prices in the eastern market. The bunches are
large shouldered closely set with medium sized grapes
of black color. September.

Burger. Produces a light, white wine of excellent
quality. Succeeds well on light soil. September.

Carignan. Berries oblong, black. Vine produces
heavy crops and a highly colored, good wine. Will stand
the rain well. September.

Grenache. A strong-growing variety; bunches conical,
rather loose; berries bluish black; makes excellent wine
but requires age. September.

Mission. Berries medium, round, black and sweet;
bunches are large and loose; an old standard. August.

Petit Syrah. One of the best claret grapes; very vig-
orous grower and remarkably productive. Bunches loose,
long and shouldered; berries of medium size, black, cov-
ered with bloom. September.

Zinfandel. The most popular and widely planted of
the wine grapes. Bunches large and compact; berries
round and dark purple in color. The vine is strong,
healthy and vigorous, producing good crops.

[27]

RAISIN GRAPES

Muscat. One of the most? popular raisin, table and
shipping grapes. Bunches long and loose. Berry oval,
yellowish green and thick skinned; pulp very sweet and
one of the richest flavored of all grapes. September.

Sultana. Largely planted for seedless raisins and table
fruit. Bunches large and compact; berries small, round,
firm and crisp; golden yellow without seeds. August.

Thompson Seedless. The most valuable raisin grape
on account of its productiveness, early ripening period,
and freedom from rain damage while being cured.
Bunches very large and compact; berries greenish yellow;
firm, oval and seedless; pulp crisp, and of very sweet
delicious flavor; a good shipper and the best early va-
riety. August.

Zante Currant. Bunches medium; berries small, seed-
less; skin thin, black; blue bloom. This is the variety
producing the currant of commerce, under the name
“Zante Currant” of which there are imported annually
into the United States from Greece 1,000,000 pounds.
August.

AMERICAN GRAPES

Concord. The most widely known and popular of all
the American grapes. Berries large, round, and of a
glossy black color, covered with a blue bloom. The vine
is a vigorous grower and very healthy, succeeding where
the more tender foreign varieties fail. August.

Isabella. Extremely large, sweet and of extraordinary
quality; berries bluish black; covered with a blue bloom.
A strong growing variety, especially adapted for arbors.
September.

Niagara. The best white variety of the American type.
Fruit large; bunch medium, compact; skin thin but
tough, pale yellow with whitish bloom; flesh tender and
sweet; vine healthy and productive. August.

RESISTANT VINES

The practical extermination of the French vineyards
through the ravages of phylloxera, and the great dam-
age it has caused in this state are too well known to re-
quire repetition here. This pest of the grapevine is
closely allied to the aphids but lives chiefly on the roots.
The only preventative against phylloxera, are vines
grafted on a root resistant to the disease. The vines
used for resistant sorts were originally wild American
grapes, natives of the Mississippi Valley. These have
been improved by hybridization and selection, until to-
day a large number of sorts adapted to a variety of soils
and locations have come into general use.

We specialize in the production of grafted vines and
have the largest stock in the state. Our resistant vines
are grafted chiefly on Rupestris St. George. We consider
this the best for it adapts itself to a great range of soils,
does equally as well in a moist, heavy clay soil as in the
driest, hillsides.

ROOTED RESISTANT VINES

We have the following varieties for this season’s de-
livery: Rupestris St. George, Lenoir, Rupestris No. 4 1 B,
Rupestris No. 420, Rupestris No. 1202, and Rupestris
No. 101-14.

GRAFTED VINES

We have the following grafted vines for this season’s
delivery:

Alicante
Ca rignan
Burger

Black Monucca
Black Muscat
Black Morocco
Black Malvoise
Black Cornichon

Emperor
Grenache
Golden Chasselas
Flame Tokay
Malaga
Mission
Muscat
Olivette

Petit Syrah
Rose of Peru
Sweetwater
Sultana

Thompson Seedless

Zinfandel

Zante Currant

ROSE M OUND NURSERIES

Small Fruits

In suitable soils and situations, and with proper care
and cultivation, the small fruits produce abundant crops
and should be planted in every home garden. There are
localities in California which favor almost continuous
growth and fruiting of some of the small fruits, and in
such a place raspberries and strawberries bear the year
around.

Preparation of the soil should be thorough. It is nec-
essary to work deeply because subsequent culture must
be shallow. Plenty of well-rotted manure should be ap-
plied to the soil, as this will promote a vigorous growth.
Blackberries and Raspberries should be planted in rows
from 6 to 8 feet apart, and the plants 3 feet apart in
each row, as they have a constant tendency to spread
themselves in the rows.

In pruning the first season all the shoots which have
attained a height of two feet should be shortened in to
20 inches. In the following years, after the leaves have
fallen, and have left the canes bare, cut off the canes
that have fruited during the summer so they will be
level with the surface of the ground, then new canes will
sprout out. Allow to remain for the coming season.
After they have grown prune off or pinch the tips of
each cane to force out the laterals. It is the new

Cory’s Thornless

Loganberry

growth that produces the choicest fruit. If the old canes
are left on the plants they will produce inferior fruit.

If you intend to tie the canes to stakes or a trellis,
let the plant attain a height of 5 to 6 feet before pinch-
ing or pruning off the tips of the new growth. If you
intend to teach plants to stand alone, pinch off the tips
when 2 to 4 feet in height.

VARIETIES AND DESCRIPTIONS

Cory’s Thornless Blackberry. Berries very large,
sometimes measuring two and one-half inches. Core
small; flavor sweet and delicious. Plant very vigorous,
sending up strong stocky canes early in the spring,
which often make a growth of twenty to twenty-five
feet in one season. Thrives in any soil and will amply
repay for special culture and fertilization. Absolutely
thornless.

Himalaya Blackberry. Wonderfully vigorous grower,
making canes up to forty feet in length, consequently
must be grown on a trellis or along a fence. Berries of
fairly good size, almost round, juicy and with small
seeds. Bears after all other berries are gone, ripening
over a period of several weeks.

Mammoth Blackberry. Fruit enormously large and
ripens early. One of the finest flavored berries grown.
Vine a decided trailer in habit and should be grown upon
trellises. On account of the rampant growth it makes it
should be planted at least nine feet apart.

Loganberry. A hybrid between the Raspberry and the
Blackberry. Fruit large, and produced in immense clus-
ters. Color a clear dark red. It partakes of the flavor
of both the Blackberry and Raspberry — mild, pleasant,
and having a flavor peculiar to this berry alone. Seeds
small, soft and few. Berries very firm and carry well.
Vine a strong grower and an enormous bearer. Fruit
ripens early, just after strawberries.

[28]

SANTA ROSA, CALIFORNIA

Dewberry, Lucretia. A trailing variety of the black-
berry, producing an abundance of large, glossy black,
handsome fruit of excellent quality; the fruit ripens
early and does not sucker.

Cuthbert Raspberry. One of the leading red raspber-
ries in California. Berries large, rich crimson; a good
shipper. Vine a strong grower and an abundant bearer.

Gregg Raspberry. The leading black raspberry. Ber-
ries large, glossy black in color and possess a fine flavor.
Vine a strong grower and a heavy bearer.

St. Regis Raspberry. The earliest red raspberry. Pro-
duces good crops throughout the season. Berries large
size and excellent quality, rich and sugary with a decided
raspberry flavor. A strong grower with abundant foliage.

Phenomenal Berry. Berries very large, of a bright
crimson raspberry color; very productive. Berries grow
in large clusters which resemble the loganberry.

Strawberries

VARIETIES AND DESCRIPTIONS

Banner. This is the famous “Banner” Berry that has
become such a favorite up and down the Pacific Coast.
The berries are uniformly of good size and are very
finely shaped. On account of their size, shape and color
they present a most attractive and appetizing appear-
ance. It is an extraordinary prolific producer, returning
a handsome profit to the commercial grower. The vines
are of a very vigorous habit and do not require the same
delicate attention as some other varieties.

Brandywine. An extra fine, very large and enormously
productive medium-to-late Strawberry. Exceptionally
sweet, perfect in form and of a rich, glossy crimson color,
which permeates the flesh, almost to the center. An ideal
dessert berry, unsurpassed for canning and preserving.
The plant is a strong, luxuriant grower — succeeds in any
soil and can always be depended upon to yield a bounti-
ful crop.

Magoon. This self-fertilizing Strawberry is a leader in
hardiness and possesses many desirable features. The
berries are very large and of fine form. They are bright
red in color, and have a very rich, full flavor. The Ma-
goon is especially good where hard winters are the rule —
as it will stand the most trying weather.

New Oregon Improved. A very vigorous grower, fruit
of medium to large size. An even and abundant bearer,
of good texture and color. Flavor sweet and delicious.

Currants

Cherry. Fruit of the largest size; bunches short, ber-
ries large deep red; very vigorous and productive.

Fay’s Prolific. This red currant is as large as the
cherry; uniform; and does not contain much acid. A
heavy bearer and very early.

Perfection. Berries beautiful bright red, very large;
less acid and of better quality than any other large cur-
rant grown. A heavy bearer.

[29]

Banner

Gooseberries

Oregon Champion. Berries very large, brownish red;
very sweet and fine for table use and pies. An immense
bearer and entirely free from mildew.

Downing. Fruit good size; oval, color whitish green;
skin smooth; flesh soft, juicy and good; an upright
grower and a vigorous bearer.

Vegetable Plants

Artichokes

Globe. The best variety in cultivation. Flower buds
should be cut off as soon as they are well formed and
before the scales open, otherwise they will be tough and
tasteless. Never allow flowers to mature as plants will
dwindle and die.

Asparagus

Conover’s Colossal. A standard kind of first quality;
tender and highly flavored.

Palmetto. Recognized among asparagus growers as
the leader. It is of large size, very tender and a regu-
lar grower. On account of its earliness it is highly
valued for market purposes.

Rhubarb

Giant Crimson Winter. Stalks are of mammoth size
and of excellent flavor and quality.

PROTECT

YOUR TREES

LANTERS and nurserymen are particularly
anxious to secure a perfect stand of their
trees, and to avoid as far as possible any
injury to them by sunburn, rabbits, squirrels, etc.
For such protection we advise the use of

Yucca Tree Protectors

as we have found them to be very efficient and
satisfactory to our many customers who are now
using them.

The Yucca Protector is made from the Yucca
Palm, being cut very thin (in the same manner as
veneer wood) so as to admit plenty of ventilation
and still afford the necessary protection for the
young trees.

We are able to supply the Yucca Protectors, in the several

sizes,

at the following prices :

Length

Width

Wgt. Per 100

Per 25

Per 50

Per 100

Per 1000

30 in.

7 in.

22 lbs.

$1.00

$1.50

$2.50

$22.00

24 in.

7 in.

18 lbs.

.90

1.25

2.00

19.00

18 in.

7 in.

13 lbs.

.80

1.10

1.75

16.00

16 in.

7 in.

12 lbs.

.70

1.00

1.50

14.50

14 in.

7 in.

10 lbs.

.60

.85

1.40

13.20

12 in.

7 in.

9 lbs.

.50

.75

1.30

12.00

ADDRESS ALL ORDERS TO

ROSE MOUND NURSERIES

SANTA ROSA • CALIFORNIA

INDEX

Almonds 20

Apples 8

Apricots - 15

Artichokes 29

Asparagus 29

Blackberries 28

Cherries 11

Chestnuts 22

Crabapples 10

Currants 29

Dewberries 29

Figs 18

Gooseberries 29

Grapefruit 24

Grapes 25

Lemons 23

Limes 24

Loganberries 28

Mulberries 22

Nectarines 18

Olives 19

Oranges ... 23

Peaches 16

Pears 10

Pecans 22

Persimmons 22

Phenomenal Berries 29

Planting Instructions 4

Plums 12

Pomegranates 22

Pomelos 24

Prunes 14

Quinces 1 1

Raspberries 29

Rhubarb 29

Strawberries 29

Tangerines 24

Walnuts 21

Printed by

CALMAR PRINTING COMPANY, Inc.
Cor. Clay and Battery Streets
San Francisco

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