Fruit and ornamental trees / the Lake City Nurseries.

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)

The Lake City Nurseries

FRUIT and ORNAMENTAL TREES
Lake City Minnesota

Haralson Apple

It’s Not a Farm Home Without Fruit

Qrow Your Own

Diversified farming is steadily and surely bring¬
ing prosperity to the farmers of the Northwest.

Better balanced farming is the motto of the day.

Not many years ago the housewife drove to town
to buy her butter and eggs and canned fruit from
the stores. The farmers were putting their all into
wheat and were hiring other farmers from more
prosperous regions to raise their butter and eggs,
and were hiring fruit growers on the Pacific Coast
on thousand-dollar land to grow their fruit, and
paying railroads, fruit houses and retail stores to
bring this to them. The farmer now has his well
bred dairy cows, and his high class orchards which
contain the best new hardy fruit varieties in the
North. Today, when the housewife goes to town
to shop she takes with her crates of fresh fruits
which have been ripened on the trees before pick¬
ing and hence is eagerly bought at fancy prices by
the people of the local towns. It is this change in
farming methods that promises to bring prosperity
to the grain district of the Northwest.

Great strides have been made the past few years in
fruit growing. A prominent Canadian horticulturist re¬
marked, “The new and better hardy fruits have practically
moved us three hundred miles south. We can grow better
fruits in Manitoba today than grew in southern South
Dakota a decade ago.” The fruit breeding farms have, indeed, produced wonderful new fruits which
are described in this catalog. Varieties of much higher quality with better keeping habits and with
much hardier constitution are now finding their way into the farm homes and into the city gardens of
the Northwest. Our nursery company grafts all of these fine new apple varieties on perfectly hardy
crab apple roots which are just as hardy as a green ash. Its plums and cherries are grafted on hardy
northern native plum seedlings. New, hardy grapes, mosaic-free raspberries, larger and better cur¬
rants, sweeter gooseberries, are now being planted. All of these advantages have, indeed, moved us
three hundred miles south.

The purchase price of nursery stock is a small item. The most reliable companies differ very little in
prices. People get what they pay for. There are no bargains in choice varieties and well grown plants.
One does not get a Buick at the price of a Ford. But honest nurseries sell at a close price and behind
every tree is the reputation of a reliable house whose varieties will prove true to name, that selects its
grafted stock carefully, that raises its plants by experienced help and then backs up its product. If the
quality of nursery stock could be measured and if the individual tree or shrub were weighed in the scales,
it will be found that the higher priced stocks are the cheapest in actual dollars and cents.

This company is a high class organization growing its stock carefully and offering it at a low price.
THIS NURSERY COMPANY MEETS ANY HONEST COMPETITION IN STOCK OF THE SAME SIZE
AND QUALITY. Customers can purchase of this company confident that their orchards will produce
the varieties purchased, confident that after years of care, there will be no unnecessary losses and re¬
grets. Generous service, honest stock and a square deal to all our customers is the foundation upon
which our trade has so steadily grown.

Weeding.

(2)

Bearing 28 Months After Planting.

Apples

The King of All Fruits

No fruit is so conducive to good health and condi¬
tion for young or old as are Apples. However con¬
venient it may be to buy Apples, there is more con¬
venience and economy and a lot more satisfaction in
eating fruit of your own growing. It has a flavor
that you cannot buy.

With the splendid new varieties of Apples that
have recently been introduced it is now possible to
grow an assortment that will keep you with fruit
from August all through the fall, winter and spring.
There are hundreds of varieties of Apples in culti¬
vation, some better than others, some hardier than
others. From all these we have carefully selected
the list below. Grow some for each season — summer
— fall — winter and spring.

A commercial orchard at La Crescent, Minn., of
about thirty acres, produced last year a crop of
apples which brought the owner over $12,000. The
days of doubt as to apple growing in the North¬
west, even on a commercial basis, have passed.

Summer Apples

YELLOW TRANSPARENT. A splendid
early eating Apple that is hardy and does well
in the far North as well as all over the coun¬
try. Apples of good size, almost a clear white
color turning to the palest yellow. Flavor
sub-acid and very pleasant. The ripening
season of this variety stretches over a period
of three or four weeks which makes it very
desirable for the home orchard. Splendid both
for eating and cooking. Season August.

ANOKA APPLE (Dwarf). The Anoka is
truly the wonder Apple of this generation. It
is the best of over 10,000 seedling Apples pro¬
duced by Dr. Hansen. It forms fruit buds on
one-year-old wood so that a one-year-old tree
will bear fruit the second year after planting
and keep it up every year. It will be as pop¬
ular among Apple growers as the Opata plum
has been among plum growers because of its
hardy early bearing qualities. A one-year-old
tree of Anoka Apple sent to the Agricultural
Experiment Station at Fargo, N. Dak., in the
spring of 1920 bore 26 good sized Apples in
1922, and bore again in ’23 and ’24. Three
crops of Apples in the first five years of plant¬
ing. On account of its dwarfish nature, it is
ideal to plant in the city lot.

DUCHESS. A handsome, large fruit, green¬
ish yellow, almost wholly covered with stripes
and splashes of bright crimson. Flesh white,
slightly acid, tender, juicy and pleasant. The
fruit ripens in succession so that several pick¬
ings are required in order to secure the crop.
A kitchen Apple of the finest quality and also
highly esteemed for dessert. One of the best
early summer Apples for commercial orchard¬
ing. Absolutely hardy. An immense bearer.
Season August.

RED DUCHESS. A few years ago a branch
was discovered upon a Duchess tree bearing
all red Apples. In every other way the fruit
was identical to the Duchess except that the
Apples were of a charming red color. The
bud which produced this branch is known as
a sport bud. This is a freak of nature that
has been known occasionally to happen.
Duchess has possessed a high place among
American fruits. Its color only was against
it. Now we have a Duchess identical in every
other quality except that the fruits are now
a rich red. The Red Duchess has a brilliant
future as a market Apple.

(3)

$500 to

$1000

Per Acre

Is Often Obtained
in a Well

CarecUfor Orchard
of Our Best
Varieties

$23.00 Worth of Apples from One 7-year-ohl Tree.

Fall Apples

PATTEN’S. Originated by C. G. Patten.
Season November to January. Fruit large, a
yellowish green color with a blush of red on
cheek toward the sun; flesh yellowish white,
core small, flavor a pleasant sub-acid. The
tree is a vigorous spreading grower and ex¬
ceptionally hardy. It comes into bearing early,
often yielding good crops at three years of
age. We believe this is the leading Apple for
Dakota planters and urge our people to make
their heaviest planting of Patten’s.

FOLWELL. A new variety originated at
the Minnesota State Fruit Breeding Farm.
The tree is a strong, vigorous grower and ap¬
pears to be very hardy. It is a heavy annual

producer and the fruit is very large, greenish
yellow blushed with red; flesh tender, pleasant
sub-acid; quality very good. Keeps till mid¬
winter.

WEALTHY. Few Apples that we can grow
excel the Wealthy in quality and appearance,
being bright red over most of the surface; of
large size with juicy, sprightly flavor. This
has been the leading commercial Apple in the
south half of Minnesota and is quite generally
planted somewhat north of the latitude of
Duluth. It is safe to say that the Wealthy
has made more money for Northwestern ap¬
ple growers than any other variety grown.
Season September to January.

Crab Apples

Crab apples as a class are hardier than large
apples and under some of the most trying condi¬
tions will succeed where the large apple might fail.
The varieties listed below are unexcelled for jellies,
canning, pickling, etc. They should be included in
every orchard.

FLORENCE. One of our best crabs. Prof. Yea¬
ger of the Agricultural College, Fargo, No. Dak.,
reports that the Florence is without question the
outstanding successful crab in and about Fargo.
Season late August, color of fruit red, flesh yellow¬
ish, acid, excellent for cooking and eating, an ex¬
cellent fruit for the early market as well as for
home use. A hardy, spreading ornamental tree.

WHITNEY. A universal favorite. Tree a rapid,
upright grower. A young and annual bearer of
immense crops of dark red fruit. This crab where
well cared for runs fairly large. Fruit conical and
sweet. One of the best for making sweet pickles.
A very nice fruit to eat direct from the tree, and
excellent for canning.

TRANSCENDENT. The standard of quality.
Season September; fruit medium to large; color
brownish yellow with blush of carmine; flesh firm
and crisp, yellowish, fine grained, very juicy, acid.

This fruit is considered the finest of all crabs and
always brings the top price on the market. The
tree is hardy but subject to blight in the Red River
valley and east. Very dependable in the Northwest.
The Transcendent is considered the standard of ex¬
cellence in every market.

DOLGO. The Dolgo crab is fast displacing the
other well known crab apples in the North. It was
introduced by Prof. N. E. Hansen of the South
Dakota station. Dolgo is more than a good crab
apple, it is a beautiful ornamental tree. It is a
sturdy grower, strong of limb and branch, very
shapely with heavy dark green leaves. The fruit
hangs in clusters suggesting in effect a Mountain
Ash. The tree is exceptionally free from blight
or other disease, and is strong enough in growth
to be used as a street tree or lawn tree. It bears
heavily, brilliant red fruit in clusters. Prof. Han¬
sen writes, “Fruit is full of juice, jells easily, makes
a rich red jelly of beautiful color and excellent
flavor.” Prof. Alderman writes, “The Dolgo crab
is the best one I know for northern conditions.
It makes a handsome lawn tree with its symmetrical
outline, light green foliage and fiery red fruit.
I believe it will ultimately become our most popular
crab apple.”

(4)

Winter Apples

for the North

For years the people of the Northwest have been
looking for a winter apple that was hardy enough
to withstand the severe climate of this section of
the country. Through experiment and selection
there have been developed varieties which are pecu¬
liarly adapted to the Northwest, and which produce
apples of exceptional keeping quality and flavor.

The Haralson Apple

At last we have a perfect winter apple for the
Northwest. With this wonderful new variety it is
now possible for all of us to raise our own winter
apples. You have had to pay from eight to twelve
cents per pound for apples during the winter. This
is because in the past there has been no long-keep¬
ing apple that was hardy enough to grow in our
severe climate. For years people have been search¬
ing for such a variety. At last we have it — THE
HARALSON APPLE!

It was originated at the Minnesota Fruit Breed¬
ing Farm a number of years ago and has since been
thoroughly tested throughout Minnesota and even
up in Canada. It has proven out so well in every
way that it is conceded to be the Best Long Keeping
Winter Apple for the Northwest.

The important thing about Haralson is that it
keeps so well. We have had perfect fruit in June
and July which had been kept in a common cellar.
The fruit is medium to large in size, well colored
with a bright red over the entire surface. Flesh is
fine grained, tender, juicy, sub-acid, of good quality.
The trees are strong, and splendidly shaped. It be¬
gins to bear early and is an annual bearer.

Another good feature of Haralson is that it hangs
well to the tree, thereby eliminating losses due to
dropping and bruising. The best informed fruit
men are planting a big proportion of their commer¬
cial orchards to Haralson.

Plant enough Haralson so you are sure to have
all you can use — and in case you have a few to spare,
they will readily sell in winter at a good price.

Minnehaha (Minn. No. 300)

Minnehaha is a beautiful dark red Apple that is
gaining rapidly in popular favor as one of the out¬
standing Apples produced by the Minnesota Fruit
Breeding Station. In quality it is at least equal to
Wealthy which it far exceeds in color and keeping
qualities. It was named and introduced by the

/

THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
Department of Agriculture

University Farm, St. Paul, Minnesota

\

Mr. Bj. Loss,

The Lake City Nurseries, Inc.,

Lake City, Minn.

Dear Mr. Loss:

I am glad to give you the statement in re¬
gard to the Haralson apple as we feel that any¬
thing we can do to place this variety before
the growers is to their advantage.

The Haralson apple produced at the State
Fruit Breeding Farm and known for several
years as Minnesota No. 90 is proving its hardi¬
ness over a greater portion of Minnesota. The
tree is vigorous and a symmetrical grower tend¬
ing to bear fairly early, and the fruit hangs
well to the tree until quite late. When well
grown the apple is of good size, red striped,
and is an excellent keeper.

Yours very truly,

W. G. BRIERLEY,
Associate Professor in Horticulture.

Photo July 10, Showing HARALSON Apples
Still in Good Condition.

Fruit Breeding Station on March 6, 1920. The tree
is hardy, vigorous and productive. The fruit is
somewhat flattened in form, of medium size, color
deep red, striped and splashed to completely cover
a yellow ground. Dots are numerous and con¬
spicuous; flesh firm, finely grained, crisp, tender
flavor, rich quality, very good. Season from No¬
vember to February.

PERKINS (No. 72). We firmly believe that this
apple far surpasses anything that has yet been pro¬
duced as a winter variety for the Northwest. This
apple has been kept under favorable conditions for
one year and then exhibited at the Minnesota State
Fair. The fruit, which resembles the Baldwin very
much, is large, rich red, round as a ball and though
very hard at picking time it becomes fine for eating
during middle or late winter. It is almost impossible
to shake the apples from the tree until thoroughly
ripe. The tree is a rapid, robust grower, free from
blight and has proven perfectly hardy wherever it
has been planted. There should be a place in every
orchard for this splendid apple. Keeps well into May
or June.

DELICIOUS. Originated in Iowa and is considered
fairly hardy. Fruit is round, long, tapering, deep red
running to yellow at the tip. Has a delightful flavor
and has been kept in cold storage until May. Valu¬
able for home or commercial orchards.

McINTOSH. Tree vigorous with spreading head, a
good annual bearer. Fruit above medium size, smooth,
yellow covered with crimson, flesh snow white, crisp,
very tender, aromatic and sub-acid. Season October
to January.

MALINDA. An irregular but steady grower of
about the same hardiness as the Wealthy. Fruit
medium, grow, with blush of red. Flesh hard, good
grained, sub-acid, good flavor. Season October to
March.

(5)

New Plums

From the Minnesota State Fruit
Breeding Farm

They Look Like California Plums
— But Taste Better

Few people realize that we can now grow plums
in the Northwest that rival the choice plums of
California in size and productiveness, and far sur¬
pass them in flavor. They have the sprightliness
of our best northern varieties, combined with the
smooth flavor and firm flesh of the southern plum,
and being ripened on the tree the rich flavor is
fully developed. The puckery taste of our common
plums has been entirely done away with in these
new varieties. They have combined in them a strain
of the Japanese Plum and are free from the plum
pocket fungus, a disease which causes the ordinary
plums to swell up and become hollow early in the
summer.

The trees bear young, usually beginning the sec¬
ond or third year in the orchard and by the fourth
year produce one-half bushel per tree. After get¬
ting their full growth a yield of two or three bush¬
els per tree is not uncommon. They have readily
been sold on the Twin Cities markets at $2.00 for
a 16-quart crate, equivalent to $4.00 per bushel.
If planted 18 feet apart a hundred and forty trees
can be fruited on an acre, which will yield, at a
conservative figure, $300 to $500 worth of fruit
each year.

Splendid profits await the enterprising fruit
grower who plants some of these new plum trees
now and takes advantage of the Million Dollar
Market lying right at our door.

Plums require cross pollination. That is, differ¬
ent varieties which blossom at the same time should
be set near each other. The relative blossoming
period of each variety is indicated. Plums in the
first and second period will pollinate all right, also
the second and third, and the third and fourth, but
it would not be wise to set the first and fourth
together.

The list here given includes the choicest.

UNDERWOOD. The Un¬
derwood is valuable because
of its large, early fruit and
annual bearing. It is the ear¬
liest of the large plums, at¬
taining a size of 1^4 inches in
diameter. The tree is a vig¬
orous grower, the limbs being
strong and well distributed
and are able to carry great
loads of fruit. Fruit, attrac¬
tively red with fairly firm
juicy flesh, small pit, cling¬
stone, splendid quality, hangs
well to the tree, ripening over
a long period, August 1 to 15,
enabling three pickings to be
made. The Underwood is an
annual bearer. These features
appeal alike to the commercial
grower and to the home or-
chardist. First blossoming
period.

A pair of Underwood trees
planted in a home yard in this
vicinity in the spring of 1921
began bearing crops of most
delicious fruits in the fall,

1922. It has proved very hardy
and a consistent bearer.

Half Bushel of the New Plums. Picked from one small
tree 28 months after planting:.

LA CRESCENT. This remarkable new plum
bears fruit of an orange-gold color; fruit of me¬
dium size and of exceedingly sweet and delicious
flavor — a real “Sugar” plum of unusual quality.
When loaded with ripe fruit, the tree presents a
wonderful ornamental effect. We are confident
this will become one of the most popular of all
plums for home use. Extremely early. Second
blossoming period.

TONKA. Originated in 1908, and distributed for
trial in 1915. A cross between the Wolf and Bur¬
bank plums. It has stood the severe tests of soil
and climate for twenty years. In 1921, the Super¬
intendent of the State Experimental Station re¬
ported that twenty of these trees were loaded to
the limit. Tree is hardy, exceedingly productive,
fruit large, small pit, medium light red, flesh yel¬
low, firm, tender, sweet, rich,
skin smooth, semi-cling. Sea¬
son August 15th to early Sep¬
tember. A fine commercial
plum because of its long keep¬
ing and shipping qualities.

RADISSON PLUM. Radis-
son is one of the fine market
plums produced by the Minne¬
sota Fruit Breeding Farm.
It has proven itself hardy
throughout Minnesota and the
Dakotas. The tree is an up¬
right spreading grower. The
University of Minnesota bulle¬
tin No. 230 describes it as
follows:

“The fruit is large, roundish
or slightly oval. Color a rich
attractive red overlaid by
heavy bloom, dots conspicu¬
ous, medium size; flesh firm,
rich yellow; quality of the
highest. Season early. The
fruit easily ranks with the La
Crescent in quality and has
the advantage of being well
adapted for market purposes.”

Underwood Plum.

(6)

Northwestern Trees Fruit Early. 3-year-old Opata Plum.

PLUMS— Continued.

WANETA was originated by Professor Hansen
at the Dakota Experiment Station. It is without
question the best one of the numerous plums that
have been sent out by him. The Waneta attains
a size of two inches in diameter. Fruit, a dark
purplish red overlaid with blue bloom; has a de¬
licious flavor. This variety, like the others here
described, is a regular annual bearer, often pro¬
ducing some fruit the year after planting and get¬
ting into full bearing very quickly thereafter. The
pit is very small for a fruit of its size. First blos¬
soming period.

Read What Prof . Alderman Says ^
About the New Plums:

THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA

Department of Agriculture

Mr. Bj. Boss,

The Bake City Nurseries, Inc.,

Bake City, Minn.

Dear Mr. Boss:

I have your letter of recent date regarding the
new Minnesota plums. These new fruits, which have
attracted so much attention in this and other states,
seem to me to be especially well adapted to our
northern conditions. They are the product of crosses
between hardy, native Minnesota plums and the high
quality Japanese plum and have combined to a re¬
markable degree the good qualities of both their
parents.

All the plums of the group are characterized by
their productivity and early fruiting habits. The
dwarf varieties, such as Zumbra, Nicollet, and so
on, commonly fruit the second and third year after
planting, while the large fruited varieties will bear
the third and fourth years after planting.

In general, we feel that the plums of this group
are a distinct addition to Minnesota horticulture.
They certainly fill a long felt want in the home
fruit garden and in some districts at least give
great promise of being a profitable commercial crop.
Ftom a commercial standpoint there seems to be no
reason why they cannot sell equally well on the
fresh fruit basis with the imported plums from Cali¬
fornia since they are the equal in size, color and
quality of these western varieties.

Very truly yours,

■v.

W. H. ABDERMAN,

Chief Division of Horticulture.

s

OPATA. This is one of the Hansen Hybrids,
a cross between the native sand cherry and the
Gold Plum. Tree is a good spreading grower,
bearing heavy crops continuously. Fruit about the
size of the largest sweet cherry, dark purplish
red with blue bloom. Flesh green, fairly firm,
quality excellent. Ripens early between the sea¬
son of plums and cherries. Perfectly hardy in
the Northwest. Third blossoming period.

SAPA, another Hansen Hybrid, is a cross be¬
tween the sand cherry and the Japanese plum,
Sultan. In style of tree, size, shape and color of
fruit, very similar to the Opata. But when ripe
the flesh and juice is of a rich, dark purple color
and makes sauce of superior excellence, in ap¬
pearance resembling that made from wild grapes.
Ripens about a week later than the Opata. We
have seen two-year nursery trees of this variety
loaded with fruit like currant bushes, bending to
the ground with their weight. Third blossoming
period.

OKA. A new sand cherry hybrid produced by
Prof. N. E. Hansen. Black-red flesh. Rounder
than Sapa, with brighter color. Very prolific plant
of bushy habit. The Oka cherry has proved to
be one of the sweetest and finest quality of the
various hybrids. Can be left hanging on the tree
until very sweet. It is fast becoming as popular
as Opata.

COMPASS CHERRY. The early bearing quali¬
ties of this tree are remarkable. Young trees bear
in the nursery row before they are dug for ship¬
ping. As the fruit ripens it changes from a green
to a bright red, then turning to a reddish black.
Many growers make the mistake of picking the fruit
before it is fully ripe and before the finest flavor
is developed. The quality of the cherry. For can¬
ning, the Compass is valuable and makes excellent
fruit for pies, sauce and jellies. The fruit from
a small orchard of three-year-old Compass trees
sold at an average of $2.25 per tree. The only
rival to the Compass cherry is the new Zumbra.

NEW COMPASS. The New Compass is a seed¬
ling of the well known Compass Cherry. It prom¬
ises soon to replace the old Compass entirely. Tree
of similar habit, fruit ripens two weeks earlier and
evenly, similar in size but of better quality. It is
indeed what its name implies, an improved Compass.

Northwestern Plums. Three years after planting.

(7)

Try the New

Zumbra Cherry

Originated at the Minnesota State Fruit Breeding Farm. It is
a combination of the sweet black cherry with the hardy Minne¬
sota Pin Cherry and the Dakota Sand Cherry. Zumbra has
combined the size and somewhat of the flavor of the sweet black
cherry with the hardiness of the two native fruits. All our
Zumbra trees are budded or grafted on hardy native plum roots.
This insures perfect hardiness. It thrives even in Manitoba.

Bears Early. Zumbra trees set out in the spring bear heavy
crops 16 months after being planted. They often bloom the
same year planted.

Large Size. The Zumbra Cherries are about the size of the
Sweet Black Cherries coming here from California and are borne
in thick clusters on two-year-old wood. Ripens in August and
the birds don’t bother it.

Sweet Cherry Flavor. Zumbra has a flavor similar to the
sweet, black cherries so extensively grown in the orchards of
Oregon and California, whence they are shipped to all parts of
the country, finding a ready sale at 30c to 50c a pound. Color
is very dark, nearly black when ripe; flesh firm, sometimes
tinged with red when fully mature; stone very small and is
readily squeezed out; quality good with a flavor and crispness
somewhat resembling its sweet cherry parent. Especially recom¬
mended for sauce and preserves. When cooked, the sweet cherry
flavor is especially noticeable.

Zumbra Cherries. Photo taken two years
after planting-.

Nicollet

NICOLLET. A new hardy fruit that closely re¬
sembles the sour cherry. The Nicollet is of similar
parentage to the Zumbra and grows in the same
bush-form. It blossoms at the same time as
Zumbra, so when these two kinds are planted to¬
gether you are sure of pollination. The fruit is
about the size and shape of the common sour
cherry and has a small round pit that can be
squeezed out. Because of its mild acid flavor and
pronounced cherry-like qualities the Nicollet is
splendid for pies and canning. It ripens during

the latter part of August. Fourth blossoming
period.

Zumbra and Nicollet both do best when allowed
to branch close to the ground and grow in bush
form. We recommend that a Compass or Nicollet
be planted in each group of Zumbra to insure
pollination. Zumbra and Nicollet cherries were
among the most attractive fruits shown at the
state Horticultural Society meeting in September
1925.

The University of Minnesota

Department of Agriculture

Mr. Bj. Loss,

The Lake City Nurseries, Inc.,

Lake City, Minn.

Dear Mr. Loss: I

I am glad to note that you think well of the
Zumbra and that you are preparing to advertise it
widely in this and surrounding states. It is my
personal belief that the Zumbra is a valuable fruit j
for northern United States and Canada, especially
in the regions where the sweet and sour cherries
cannot be grown. We must recognize that it is not
a true cherry and yet at the same time it has many
of the characteristics of a true cherry and makes a
very agreeable substitute for this fruit. Its ex¬
treme hardiness, its dwarf habit, its unusual pro¬
ductivity and its habit of bearing the second year
makes it a favorite with the fruit grower. When
allowed to ripen thoroughly it takes on a rich black
or purplish black color and has a flavor resembling
somewhat that of the sweet cherry. It has also a
crisp flesh similar to the cherry. I would especially
recommend its use for canning and sauce. !

Like the plums and many of the cherries it re¬
quires some other variety planted nearby for polli¬
nation purposes. We have found that the Compass
is an excellent pollinator for this variety and that
the Nicollet also pollinates it splendidly.

Very truly yours,

W. H. ALDERMAN,

Chief, Division of Horticulture.^

Specimens of Nicollet Cherry.

(8)

Hardy Grapes fl

This delicious fruit can now be successfully grown in
almost any climate. Beta and Alpha are able to withstand
our severe northern winters without any protection. They
may be grown on fences, over a building or on a windmill
and should bear heavily every year. For real heavy pro¬
duction they should be trained on trellises and cultivated.
Their chief use is for jelly and grape juice, although when
thoroughly ripened they may be used as a dessert grape.
Last fall, as for several years previously, the hardy grapes
have been one of the state’s most profitable fruits. Many
growers report yields of $1000.00 per acre. Professor W. H.
Alderman of the University Division of Horticulture and
President of the State Horticultural Society made the fol¬
lowing statement regarding grapes in his report of 1924 to
that body: “Ordinarily Beta grapes found a ready market
at $4.00 per bushel, a price which leaves a neat margin of
profit to the grower.” Complete directions for planting and
pruning sent with the plants.

BETA. The most widely grown and probably the most
profitable grape grown in the Northwest. A heavy annual
bearer, hardy as the wild grape and produces enormous crops
of medium size black fruit of good quality and ripens so
early that it can be grown far north. An essential part of
any home garden and wonderfully profitable as a commer¬
cial grape. The demand is greater than the supply and
increasing every year. Financing Beta is a permanent in¬
vestment that will prove lasting and highly profitable.

ALPHA. More recent introduction than Beta and pre¬
ferred by most of those who have grown it. Originated
near St. Cloud, Minnesota. Equal to the Beta in hardiness
and yield. The size of the fruit is slightly larger and the
quality somewhat superior. When wood has well ripened,
no danger that a cold of 40 below zero will injure it. Now Hardy Grape vines,

growing and bearing at Thief River Falls and Stephan,

Minnesota, 40 miles this side of Canadian line. Very prolific. Many vines bear from 50 to 80 bunches.
Normal years they change color about the middle of August, perfectly ripe by 15th of September, re¬
quiring 30 to 35 days from time they turn blue to maturity. A delicious grape with a flavor not found
in other varieties. Well grown bunches are more than 6 inches long.

CONCORD. The most popular grape in America. Bunch large shouldered, compact; berries large,
covered with a rich bloom; skin tender but sufficiently firm to carry well; flesh juicy, sweet, pulpy and
tender. Requires winter protection.

Currants Make Wonderful Jelly

They are perfectly hardy and one of the easiest
fruits to grow. The fruit will hang onto the bushes
a long time, which is a point of value in connection
with marketing the fruit or cooking it. You can get
at the matter at your convenience and without fear
of the fruit going to waste. Every garden should
have a row of the choice varieties we list below.

WHITE GRAPE. Large; yellowish white; sweet,
of a very mild acid; excellent quality and valuable
for the table. The finest of the white sorts.

PERFECTION. We have fruited this variety in
our trial grounds for several years and consider it
the finest currant, everything considered, that is
grown. It has immense size, beautiful red color, and
great productiveness. It is also remarkable in that
it has very few seeds. It is essentially the currant
for the home garden.

MINNESOTA NO. 24. A wonderful new variety of
currant. Equal in size, fruit and quality to Perfec¬
tion. Large remarkable bushes. Bush thrifty as
London Market.

Grow Gooseberries f°r Sauce, Pies

This splendid fruit belongs strictly to the northern
climate; does not succeed well in the south. A prof¬
itable fruit to grow, always yielding a large quantity
of fruit for pies and sauce. The Carrie and Hough¬
ton varieties, produce pretty, transparent pink jelly
of excellent quality and flavor. The plants may be
set in rows six feet apart and four feet apart in the
rows and cultivated both ways for the first two sea¬
sons. Little pruning is required and that is mainly
to remove the stunted shoots and encourage vigorous
new shoots. A judicious thinning in the head of the
plant will let in air and sunlight that will prevent
mildew.

HOUGHTON. An enormously productive and al¬
ways reliable variety. A vigorous grower, slender
and spreading, not subject to mildew. The fruit is

of medium size, smooth, turning pale red when fully
ripe; tender and of good quality. It is a hardy and
very satisfactory gooseberry to grow.

CARRIE. This variety easily takes first place in
this section. It was originated in Minnesota by the
veteran horticulturist Wyman Elliott. The bush is
a vigorous grower and gives an abundance of fine
dark green foliage that is free from mildew. The
bush has a tendency to grow more in the shape of a
dwarf tree from a strong central stem. The fruit is
larger than Houghton, turns a deep maroon in color
when ripe and possesses an excellent flavor. As the
wood matures the thorns are shed and the fruit can
easily be picked without gloves. It commences to
bear the year after planting and produces a good
crop of fruit annually.

(9)

Latham Red Raspberries.

Raspberries

LATHAM (Redpath Strain). Latham has revo¬
lutionized the growing of raspberries. Since this
wonderful new berry was originated, raspberry
growing has increased rapidly. The old tender va¬
rieties which needed winter covering have been
thrown away by fruit growers and replaced with
larger and finer fields of the new Latham. Rasp¬
berries are now one of the easiest fruits to grow.
Once planted they bear heavily for years and years
in the same place. They will produce the most
berries for the least work of anything you can plant.
As you have no doubt read, this new Latham Rasp¬
berry (sometimes called the Redpath) was orig¬
inated at the Minnesota Fruit Breeding Farm.

Its large size and deep red color make it most
attractive. Has rapidly displaced the older varie¬
ties on account of its many points of superiority.
A good firm berry of the highest quality, excellent
for shipping or for home use. Always tops the
market. Latham is extremely hardy, withstanding
the winters in Canada without covering. Vigorous
in growth, producing strong canes able to carry
heavy crops. Because of this vigor and hardiness,
Latham is the most prolific raspberry now grown.
As a commercial proposition Latham has no rival.
We have records of fields that have produced over
$1000 per acre each year. You can do as well.

Every home should have a patch of these won¬
derful berries for their own use. If possible to put
more in, you will find them good moneymakers.
For the price of only a few crates of berries you
can get plants that will, by the second year, give

you all the berries you can use for eating fresh,
for canning and for jam.

It is highly important in starting a raspberry
planting to secure not only a good variety of rasp¬
berry, but that the plants must be mosaic-free.
We are fortunate in having one of the largest stocks
of MOSAIC-FREE LATHAM. Our fields have been
very carefully inspected by the State Nursery In¬
spector and have been pronounced to be in excel¬
lent condition.

“One of our customers inquires concerning the
Latham raspberry. Latham grows more than six
feet high here which is, I think, plenty for anyone.
Thus far it has outyielded other varieties more
than two to one. If one year plants are cut short
and not allowed to bear the first year, they will
produce enough in two years to make a real patch.”
— A. F. YEAGER in May News Letter, North Da¬
kota State Horticultural Society.

CHIEF (Minn. 223). The latest introduction of
the Minnesota Fruit Breeding Station. A worthy
running mate to the Latham Raspberry, absolutely
free from mildew, mosaic resistant, from a week
to ten days earlier than the Latham, hardier, with
a yield from 30% to 50% higher than the Latham.
Berry slightly smaller, quality equal if not better
than the Latham. Those who have planted the
Latham, will realize what this description means.
For the next ten years, the scramble for the Chief
will be as serious and keen as it was the first days
with the Latham.

Blackberries

SNYDER. The canes are vigorous and annually
productive. Berries are medium in size, very sweet,
juicy, and of fine flavor. It also lacks the hard
core found in many of the other varieties. Good
shipping qualities.

Black Raspberries

CUMBERLAND BLACK RASPBERRIES. Of
medium size and of best quality. Berries large and
sweet. Sells well on the market and is a profitable
variety. One of the best known and most planted
varieties in the North Central States.

(10)

Strawberries

Some people are accustomed to thinking of the strawberry as having a season of short duration. Per¬
haps that is because the most of them have planted the Dunlap or other varieties ripening in mid¬
season. We now have a variety, the Premier, that ripens very early and another, the Minnehaha, that
ripens later than the Dunlap. We also have the Chaska, another new variety originated at the State
Fruit Breeding Farm, which is a heavy bearer and most excellent for home use or home market. It rip¬
ens in midseason. It is a good-sized berry, good color and excellent flavor. The Chaska bore more
heavily than any other variety on our grounds this year, producing at least three times as much fruit
as the Dunlap. One reason why Chaska and Minnehaha have become so popular is the fact that they
have a very deep root system and hold up in a dry season better than the older kinds.

For the average planter there is more satisfaction in the June bearing strawberry than in the Ever-
bearing. Where a person is equipped with a good rich soil and plenty of moisture, or is prepared tc
supply the moisture if needed, the Everbearing plants give large returns and will give some fruit in
the fall of the same year they are planted out.

Do not confuse our plants with some that are offered as being cheap. “Cheap plants” are generally
from an old patch that has borne fruit and is run out and diseased. Our plants are from new fields
that have never borne fruit, consequently are young and vigorous. They have been sprayed to insure
healthy, clean stock.

PROGRESSIVE (Everbearing). We have tried
many different everbearing strawberries in our trial
grounds but find that Progressive leads them all
for all around hardiness and production. The foli¬
age is much thriftier than that of other varieties
and the fruit a pretty red which demands a good
price on the market; and cooks up well when
canned.

PREMIER. Early. Accepted throughout north¬
ern United States as the best early berry. Highly
profitable. Just glance through this long list of
its good points: vigorous grower, very heavy pro¬
ducer, extra early, unusually long season, berries
hold up in size to the end, quality of the best,
shape, color and general appearance unexcelled,
color and flesh solid to the center, excellent ship¬
per, fine for canning and preserving, healthy foli¬
age, resists drought well. No commercial grower
can afford to be without Premier.

MASTODON. The Sensational New Everbearing
Strawberry. The last word in strawberry perfec¬
tion. Mastodon produces tremendous berries of
firm flesh and bright color. These large, well-
flavored berries hold their size to the very end of
the season, making it possible for you to have fruit
not only in late spring, but also in summer and
fall. Your crop will not be scanty, for Mastodon
is the heaviest yielding of all the everbearing sorts.
Bound for first place on the strawberry lists.

MINNEHAHA. One of the hardiest June-bear¬
ing varieties. Exceptionally vigorous grower, with
a heavy annual yield. The fruit is by far the largest
of any June bearer. Color good, flesh firm, good
shipper. Ripens later than Senator Dunlap. Qual¬
ity good.

DUNLAP. Midseason. Dunlap needs no intro¬
duction as it is the best known strawberry there is.
A good market and home garden berry.

Asparagus

NEW IMPROVED ASPARAGUS. Now Aspar¬
agus is another delicacy that comes early from the
vegetable garden. Like all very early vegetables,
it costs quite a good deal when bought at the store;
and yet a bed of Asparagus in your own garden will
keep your table supplied and will last for years.
It is very easy to grow; it is not like buying vege¬
table seeds every spring and fussing with the plant¬
ing and trying to keep the neighbor’s chickens out.

WASHINGTON. The Washington type of As¬
paragus was developed primarily for its extreme
resistance to Asparagus rust, and, in addition, it
possesses many other desirable characteristics such
as the following: The shoots are large in size,
early, prolific, and do not branch near the ground,
thus making it possible to cut unbranched shoots
with tight buds often two feet long. There are a
number of different strains of the Washington type
on the market, some known as Washington, others
as Martha Washington, Giant Washington, and
Mary Washington. Experiments carried on at
Cornell University indicate that the Mary Wash¬
ington strain is very much superior to Martha
Washington, or any of the plain Washington strains.

We supply both the WASHINGTON and the
MARY WASHINGTON.

Rhubarb

GIANT CRIMSON RHUBARB. The most all
around satisfactory vegetable. Year after year,
from early spring until late fall, fresh stems may
be pulled, and in the winter time the roots may
be forced in the cellar. Pieplant, or wineplant as
it is sometimes called, is used for pies, sauces and
satisfying beverages. This Giant Crimson is the
best variety we have ever grown. The stalks are
large, highly colored, tender and crisp.

Horseradish

HORSERADISH. A root, familiar to everyone,
grated, and used raw with vinegar. By digging in
the fall it may be kept in the cellar like other gar¬
den roots and may be used throughout the winter.

(ll)

'ew Grape Vines.

Shade and Ornamental Trees

Green Ash.

BIRCH. Although planted chiefly because of the
bark, trees of this class should enjoy greater popu¬
larity through their pretty lines and delicate foliage.
All have white or cream colored bark, which makes a
pleasing contrast to the dark trunks and limbs of
most other trees. In addition, their shape fits them
to certain uses in home planting; they are about half
way between the poplars and the maples — not so thin
as the former, and not so round-headed as the latter.
Birches should be used as specimens, and for planting
among other deciduous trees and evergreens. We do
not recommend Birches for dry locations.

BIRCH, WHITE. The brilliant white bark is won¬
derfully effective particularly in winter and when
planted against evergreens. The White Birch is a
dependable thrifty tree of fine shape which makes it
ideal for lawn planting. The White Birch always
pleases and should be planted more liberally. Do not
plant birches in dry locations.

BIRCH, WEEPING CUT LEAF. One of the most
beautiful and desirable trees for the lawn, with deli¬
cately cut foliage. The bark is silvery white, forming
a beautiful contrast with the folaige. It makes a rapid
growth, and is perfectly hardy everywhere. Mr. Scott,
in his “Suburban Home Grounds,” says of it: “No
engraving can do it justice; like the palm trees of
the tropics, it must be seen in motion — swaying in
the lightest breeze, its white bark glistening through
the bright foliage and sparkling in the sun — to en¬
able us to form a true impression of its character.”
30 to 50 feet.

HORSE CHESTNUT (Buckeye). This tree has an
elegant pyramidal form with large, lobed leaves and
showy upright panicles of white flowers. Tree hardy,
vigorous and free from insect pests and is among the
first trees to unfold its leaves in the spring.

LINDEN (American or Basswood). Grows about
60 feet high, rapid growing, large size, forming a
broad, round-topped head. Leaves broadly oval, dark
green above, light green underneath; flowers creamy
white, fragrant. A splendid street or lawn tree.

BLACK LOCUST. Very pretty ornamental tree.
Fernlike foliage. Flowers white and fragrant. Hardy
only south of the Twin Cities.

The love of trees is born within us. It is a heritage
from the time the trees furnished man his shelter and
a place to worship — “the groves were God’s first tem¬
ples.” In the city avenues of well-formed trees fur¬
nish both beauty and shade. In the private lawns
and the city parks and in country groves they are
loved alike by all for their shade, protection and home¬
like atmosphere.

Real estate men recognize the material value of
trees. Sub-division firms plant trees before offering
property to the public. Real estate men find it much
easier to sell houses that are sheltered by fine shade
trees, flowering shrubs and softening evergreens. But
the joy to the home owner is far greater than the
dollars and cents value.

Our nursery is growing a very fine assortment of
the best shade and ornamental trees which we list
below. This list covers practically all of the most
desirable trees for this northwest area. Our shade
trees have been most carefully grown and selected
according to the finest types. Shade trees are all
transplanted. Poor trees are culled out and discarded.
Careful pruning and trimming have developed speci¬
men trees of high quality. Our nurserymen are ex¬
perts and assure you the very best.

ASH, GREEN. This tree is by all means the first tree
for general planting in the Northwest. While it grows
a little more slowly the first few years than the Box
Elder, with proper cultivation it makes a splendid growth,
and in fifteen years it will surpass the Box Elder. It con¬
tinues to improve year by year for it does not die out
in fifteen or twenty years as does the Cottonwood. It
makes excellent timber valuable for many purposes.
Its leaves keep a dark green color when all other
leaves are gone. Dry or wet, it makes a regular,
steady growth. It thrives especially when planted so
as to receive the shade from such trees as the Soft
Maple and Box Elder.

HACKBERRY. A very handsome native tree of
rapid growth and great vigor. Bears transplanting
well. The character of its growth is similar to the
Elm, though the top is not quite so spreading.

Weeping Cut Leaf Birch.

(12)

The Arching Elms in a Street Planting.

ELM, AMERICAN. Our noblest native tree, large,
spreading, combining strength and grace. There is no
better street tree and nothing finer for large lawns.
The charm of the old New England village is pro¬
verbial, but it is something always identified with its
Elms. They grow anywhere and are very long lived.

Grafted Elms

We grow our Elms by budding and grafting. This
insures uniform habit of growth. There is just as
much difference between our budded Elms and the
common seedling Elms, which are ordinarily sold, as
there is between the tame plums and the wild ones.
For street planting it is especially desirable to have
all the trees of uniform size and shape. This can
only be obtained by using the budded or grafted Elm.
Our Elms are chosen from selected types. Sixty to
eighty feet.

People today are demanding Elms of an exact type.
We are grafting Elms of two distinct varieties which
we can offer our customers. These grafted Elms can
be depended upon to grow exactly like the parent
tree from which the grafting wood is taken. We
offer the following:

ELM, LAKE CITY. A beautiful, compact, upright
type of the American White Elm. A chance seedling
discovered and introduced by us. The compactness of
the tree, the heavy shouldering of the branches, pre¬
vents breaking during storms and sleet. This also
eliminates the costly trimming so necessary on the
ordinary seedling type. Very desirable for boulevard
planting on account of uniformity. Foliage dark
green and very heavy. Very hardy. Does not sun-
scald.

ELM, VASE. Our Vase Elms are grafted trees from
a most beautiful select vase type Elm. These trees
are ideal for avenues, for lawn specimens and general
park work. Elms of beautiful habit which will grow
exactly like the parent tree.

ELM, CHINESE. The Chinese Elm has jumped into
an immense popularity throughout the country. This
tree was found growing in high altitudes in Man¬
churia, China, and has proved itself especially well
adapted to poor soils and exposed locations. It
thrives under neglect, but it does not thrive on wet
or poorly drained soil. It has the gracefulness of the
Cut Leaf Birch, the fine type of the American Elm,
and the fast growing qualities of the Poplar. The
Chinese Elm promises to become as popular as our
much loved American Elm.

MAPLE, SILVER OR SOFT. A well known orna¬
mental tree, with wide spreading, slender branches.
Has been much used as a street tree. If exposed to
severe wind, the limbs are often broken in the
crotches; but this may be largely overcome by occa¬
sionally “heading in” the branches and retaining the
central shoot as much as possible. It is valued for
windbreaks on account of its quick, upright growth.

MAPLE (Norway). One of the best ornamental
trees. Large, handsome, with broad deep green foli¬
age, very compact growth. A valuable tree for parks,
lawns or streets. This tree is one of our specialties
and no better trees of this variety are produced than
here at Lake City in our nursery.

MAPLE (Sugar or Rock). This is one of the most
desirable shade and ornamental trees. It is always
erect and neat in appearance, adapting itself to a va¬
riety of situations, except boggy ground. A perma¬
nent shade tree, taking on vivid tints of autumn color.

MAPLE (Weir’s Cut Leaf). A very beautiful va¬
riety of the Silver Maple with slender, drooping
branches and finely cut and lacy foliage. Especially
attractive as a tall-growing lawn specimen.

MOUNTAIN ASH (European). Beautiful; straight,
smooth trunk. Foliage deep green, turning yellow
in autumn. Erect growth, 20 to 30 feet high. White
flowers in May, followed by bright orange-red berries
which cling all winter. Interesting for lawn or park.

POPLAR, BOLLEANA. Much like the Lombardy in
narrow upright growth. Leaves gracefully cut, light
green above and clear white beneath. Very attractive
olive-green bark. Very hardy.

POPLAR, LOMBARDY. Of obelisk form, growing
rapidly to extravagant heights. Is much used for
screen hedges. A striking feature in any landscape.

MULBERRY (Russian). A very hardy, rapid grow¬
ing timber tree. Fruit good size and produced in
large quantities.

OAK (Scarlet). A splendid tree, with gradually
spreading branches forming a round-topped head.
It obtains its name from the brilliant scarlet color
of its foliage in autumn. Grows well in dry soils.

NORTHWEST POPLAR. The Northwest Poplar is
a native of North Dakota first discovered growing at
Antelope Lake and in various parts of the Turtle
Mountains. It is, undoubtedly, a native cross between
some Balm of Gilead type and possibly Cottonwood.
It is a sturdy rapid grower, of clean upright type,
extremely large leaves, very free from disease and
strongly resists canker. The Northwest Poplar has
been adopted by government trial stations as the one
dependable Poplar for Northwest prairie conditions.
It has practically replaced all other Poplars in the
planting of Northwest groves and shelter belts.

WALNUT, BLACK. Nut trees are a looming possi¬
bility, the joy of the children and the pride of their
owner. As a class they do not transplant readily in
large sizes, nor grow quickly, but they grow vigor¬
ously when established and are all noble trees. Many
farms contain land that would be far better planted
to nut trees than anything else, and would pay better
than farm crops, besides annually growing more val¬
uable as timber. Black Walnut is the most desirable
of the nut-bearing trees for planting north of the
latitude of St. Paul. Makes a fine lawn tree, and is
well worth planting for its most excellent nuts, which
find a ready sale on the market.

NIOBE WILLOW. A golden barked Willow of de¬
cided weeping habit, yet not a headed tree, as its
branches weep from its own stem. This is quite an
acquisition to the Northwest, as all the other weeping
varieties are tender. Professor Hansen, of the So. Dak.
Experiment Station, found this in Siberia, and named
it. A good grower, with long pendulous branches.

WILLOW, LAUREL-LEAF. Grown in tree and
bush forms. Highly ornamental with light brown
branches and foliage of deep, glossy green, ovate
leaves. Useful for screening and for foliage color
effects. Grows rapidly in any soil and especially in
sandy situations. 10 to 20 feet.

WILLOW, GOLDEN RUSSIAN. (Yellow Willow).
At the present time one of the most planted of all
Willows and a very important tree, both from an
economical and ornamental standpoint. It makes a
round topped tree of symmetrical form. One of its
strongest ornamental features is the bright, clear,
golden yellow bark.

(13)

Evergreens

Because they retain their foliage throughout the year they have a value and use not possessed b>
any other class of plants. In this northern climate; where the winters are long, their cheerful green
color in contrast to the snow is a continual source cf pleasure. The variety, permanence and restfulness
which they give to any planting is enjoyed all through the summer months as well. For windbreaks oi
screen they have no rivals. No farm home should be without an evergreen windbreak. They are oi
especial value for doorstep or foundation planting. No home is now complete without something tc
break the bare walls or soften the harsh lines. The day of scarlet sage and cannas is past, people de¬
mand something more permanent and more lasting than a few weeks of summer blossoms and foliage.
Evergreens fill every requirement. They are hardy, they are enduring and their beauty permanent.
Their habits of growth, their various forms and interesting foliage enables any one to choose, no matter
how fastidious, varieties that will be pleasing in effect and congenial to location. Nursery grown
transplanted evergreens are as easy to grow as any other class of trees. Complete directions for plant¬
ing will be sent with the trees. For success in transplanting evergreens the roots should never be ex¬
posed to the sun and air for a single minute. The sap of the northern evergreen is of a resinous na¬
ture, and when once dried out does not start again as with most deciduous trees. This is why evergreens
must be given extra care in handling. To guard against failures in planting of Specimen Evergreens,
it is advisable to have them shipped balled and burlapped. This means that the original ball of earth
is left intact around the roots and held in place by the covering of burlap. Balled and burlapped ever¬
greens are a little more expensive but the customer is fully repaid for this extra expense by the results
obtained.

ARBOR- VITAE, AMERICAN. Probably no Ever¬
green is more admired than the American Arbor-
Vitae, with its beautifully carved foliage of deep
green, its graceful, refined habits, and its artistic
pyramidal form. These features make it indispens¬
able in the home foundation groups 'and in the
garden and lawn plantings. Then, because of the
fact that it bears shearing better than any other
variety, and because of its heavy, compact growth,
it heads the list for hedge planting in the Evergreen
family.

ARBOR- VITAE, SIBERIAN. This is a small
globe variety and its unusually dark green color
makes it very useful. It is the darkest green of
all the Arbor-Vitaes. It can be sheared to a per¬
fect globe, though if left to develop naturally it
is oblong.

ARBOR- VITAE, PYRAMIDAL. This is strik¬
ingly attractive, being perfectly pyramidal in shape,
spreading very little at its base and retaining the
shape without shearing. The color is deep rich
green, and, like all Arbor-Vitaes, it is easy to trans¬
plant. For corners, in front of pillars, center or
background of group plantings there is hardly an
evergreen of the dwarf variety that is quite so
popular.

ARBOR-VITAE (Compacta). A neat, attractive
variety of upright oval shape; rather dwarf. A pop¬
ular tree for low hedges and in front of evergreen
plantings.

FIR, DOUGLAS. A Colorado species of rapid
growth. Makes a large symmetrical tree. Foliage
bluish green. Very drought resisting and may be
planted in dry soils where others cannot survive.

FIR (Balsam). A very erect, regular, pyramidal
tree assuming a conical shape even when young.
Dark green foliage. A rapid grower and very hardy.

JUNIPER, SCOPULORUM (Silver Cedar). A
type of the Virginiana growing native in the Black
Hills and on the foothills of the Rockies. Wonder¬
fully adapted to the Northwest. An upright grower
and with the same characteristic blue color of the
Colorado Blue Spruce. We predict an unusual
popularity for this Evergreen.

JUNIPER, VIRGINIANA (Red Cedar). The
Red Cedar is indigenous throughout Minnesota and
the entire Northwest. It is of conical form and
quite regular, densely branched, the foliage being
thick and of a rich deep green. The bark on the
trunk and branches is a pronounced reddish brown.
In fall the branches are thickly hung with pretty,
little blue berries.

(14)

Outdoor Living: Room Showing: Liberal Use of Evergreens.

JUNIPER, SAVIN. Being entirely hardy and
easy to establish, this is probably the most used
among the low growing Junipers. Spreading shrub
form with slender branches and dark green leaves.
Excellent for foundation work and for under-
planting.

JUNIPER, PFITZERIANA. The Pfitzer’s Juniper
is one of the newer introductions in the Evergreen
world, yet has already become intensely popular.
It cannot be praised too highly, nor overplanted.
Its peculiarly graceful, distinctive manner, plus an
unusually hardy nature cannot help but make it
particularly fascinating and desirable for founda¬
tion planting. Its foliage is the beautiful feathery
type of the Junipers, charming light green color
with blue-gray tinge. If left untrimmed it retains
a low, spreading form, broad and picturesque, while
if the leaders are staked up, a lovely broad pyramid
of unusual grace and charm is formed.

LARCH, EUROPEAN. Like the Cypress it is a
deciduous tree bearing cones like evergreens. The
foliage is very fine needle-like, appearing earlier
in the spring than any other tree and stays until
very late fall. The tree is a perfect pyramid in
shape and holds its contour until maturity. Very
conspicuous on account of its bright green color,
unusual needles and branching habit.

PINE, DWARF MUGHO. An unique Alpine spe¬
cies, broader than its height and sometimes almost
prostrate, forming a dark, dome-shaped bush, 5 to
6 feet high. Used on rocky banks, terrace slopes,
and particularly effective when grown at the cor¬
ners of entrances.

PINE, SCOTCH. Medium to large. This pine is
one of the most important timber trees of Europe.
By many it is considered of equal ornamental merit
with the White Pine and Norway Pine and is a very
desirable tree for the evergreen group. A rather
pyramidal tree when young, with broad and round
top, often picturesque in old age. The needles are
of medium length, very rigid and of a bluish green
color.

PINE, WESTERN YELLOW. An unusually
choice pine for shelter belt and ornamental pur¬
poses, hardy in dry locations and withstands
drought. Sometimes called Ponderosa.

SPRUCE, COLORADO BLUE ROSTER’S. An
unusually silvery blue type of Colorado Blue Spruce
discovered by Koster and continued by grafting.
All Koster Spruce are grafted and reproduce ex¬
actly the same color as the original tree.

SPRUCE, COLORADO BLUE. This hardy ever¬
green is native to the Rocky Mountains and can be
found from Colorado to Alberta, Canada. It is ab¬
solutely hardy throughout this Northwest region.
We have never known it to winter-kill or fail
through drought. The plants are grown from seed
selected from blue trees. Even then the large ma¬
jority will prove to be of a deep green color. Per¬
haps 20% will show some blue and a final ten to
20% a rich silvery sheen. These blue shiners are
undoubtedly the queens of ornamental evergreens
and command a fancy price. The greener shades
are just as choice plants and can be secured at
lower prices.

SPRUCE, BLACK HILLS. Called by some a type
of the White Spruce grown in the Black Hills. It is
rapidly becoming the most popular evergreen in
the Northwest. Its absolute hardiness, the ease
with which it transplants, its symmetrical dense
growth and dark green color, place it in a class by
itself. As an individual ornamental tree, it is as
distinguished as the Colorado Blue and as a wind¬
break it cannot be excelled by any other evergreen
offered. It grows a little slower than the Norway
Spruce, but its many good qualities fully outweigh
this. The Minnesota Forestry Board writes: This
variety is strong and especially hardy under con¬
ditions of drought and exposure. It is adaptable
to light soils and especially recommended for the
North and West. (Bui. No. 1).

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Evergreens Break the Bare Walls and Soften the Hard Lines at the Foundation .