Historic, Archive Document
4
Do not assume content reflects current
scientific knowledge, policies, or practices.
/ VO 2
Forest survey release no. 40
I B R A R
I CHR&£f;Y StR'M (
crr> 1
otr 1
FOREST STATISTICS
FOR
CENTRAL GEORGIA, 1952
by
James F. McCormack, Forester
Division of Forest Economics
1C53
AGRICULTURE
JULY 1953
u.s. department of agriculture
FOREST SERVICE
SOUTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION
ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
E. L. Demmon, Director
Through the McSweeney-McNary Act of 1928 , Congress authorized the
Secretary of Agriculture to conduct a comprehensive survey of the forest
resources of the United States, The Forest Survey was organized by the
Forest Service to carry out the provisions of the Act through the Region-
al Forest Experiment Stations, In the Southeastern states the Forest Sur-
vey is an activity of the Division of Forest Economics of the Southeastern
Forest Experiment Station, Asheville, North Carolina.
The five-fold purpose of the Forest Survey is (l) to make a field
inventory of the present supply of standing timber, (2) to ascertain the
rate at which this supply is being increased through growth, (3) to deter-
mine the rate at which it is being reduced through industrial and domestic
uses, fire, and other causes, (k) to determine the present consumption and
the probable future trend in requirements for forest products, and (5) to
interpret and correlate these finds to aid in the formulation of private
and public policies regarding forest land management.
The forest resources of the State of Georgia were first inventoried
by the Forest Survey during the period 193^-3 &y and these findings have been
published. Since that time, the effects of timber cutting, forest growth,
changes in land use, better management practices, and other factors have
caused rapid changes in the growing stock which can only be measured accur-
ately by on-the-ground surveys. A resurvey of the forest resources in
Georgia was started in July 1950* This progress report presents area and
timber volume statistics compiled from the resurvey for Central Georgia,
designated as Survey Unit No, 3> and also includes growth and drain data.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The Southeastern Station gratefully acknowledges the cooperation and
assistance of State Forester Guyton DeLoach, the University of Georgia School
of Forestry, the Union Bag and Paper Corporation, and the Macon Kraft Company
in providing additional personnel to increase the rate of progress on the
field survey.
The Division of Forest Economics is under the direction of James W.
Cruikshank. Field inventory work was supervised by L. C. Nix, and photo
interpretation was done by R. C. Aldrich. Office compilation of the data
was under the direction of Agnes Nichols, assisted by Louise Shuford, Camilla
Young, Sammy Wenninghat., and Eunice Gamble.
CONTENTS
Page
1952 HIGHLIGHTS AND SIGNIFICANT CHANGES - 1
TABLES FOR THE SURVEY UNIT, 1952
AREA
1. Gross area "by "broad use class - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - 8
2. Ownership of land ---------------------------------- 9
3. Commercial forest area by forest type and stand-size class ------------- 10
NET VOLUME OF SAWTIMBER
4. By species and stand-size class --------------------------- 11
5. By species and diameter class ---------------------------- 12
6. By forest type and stand-size class ------------------------- 13
NET VOLUME OF ALL TIMBER (in thousand cords)
7. By species and stand-size class --------------------------- l4
8. By species and diameter class ---------------------------- 15
9. By species and class of material -------------------------- 16
10. By forest type and stand-size class ------------------------- 17
NET VOLUME OF ALL TIMBER (in million cubic feet)
11. By species and diameter class ---------------------------- 18
12. By species and class of material -------------------------- 19
AVERAGE VOLUME PER ACRE
13. Of sawtimber by forest type, species group, and stand-size class ---------- 20
14. Of all trees by forest type, species group, and stand-size class ---------- 21
GENERAL
15. Number of trees by species group, quality class, and tree size ----------- 22
16. Area of seedling, sapling, and poorly stocked stands by plantability class ----- 23
17. Stocking on commercial forest area by forest type and tree-size class -------- 24
NET ANNUAL GROWTH
18. Of sawtimber by stand-size class and species group ----------------- 25
19. Of growing stock by stand-size class and species group --------------- 25
AVERAGE GROWTH PER ACRE
20. Of sawtimber by forest type and stand-size class ------------------ 26
21. Of growing stock by forest type and stand-size class ---------------- 26
ANNUAL NET GROWTH PERCENTAGES
22. For sawtimber volumes by stand-size class and species group ------------- 27
23. For growing stock volumes by stand-size class and species group ----------- 27
AVERAGE ANNUAL DRAIN
24. On sawtimber by tree-size class and species group ------- 28
25. On growing stock by tree-size class and species group ---------------- 28
NET CHANGE
26. In sawtimber volume by species group ------------------------ 29
27. In growing stock by species group -------------------------- 29
TABLES FOR COUNTIES, 1952
28. County area by broad use class --------------------------- 30
29. Ownership of commercial forest land ------------------------- 31
30. Net volume of sawtimber by species group ---------------------- 32
31. Net volume of sawtimber by broad species group and diameter class group ------- 33
32. Net volume of all timber by pulping species group and tree-diameter group ------ 34
33* Average annual sawtimber drain by species group ------------------- 36
34. Average annual drain on growing stock by species group --------------- 37
DEFINITION OF TERMS 38
RELIABILITY OF THE DATA 43
HOW THE FOREST INVENTORY IS MADE 44
i
ii
Figure 1. — Counties in Central Georgia included in Survey Unit No.
FOREST STATISTICS FOR CENTRAL GEORGIA, 1952
This progress report includes statistical data on forest area,
timber volume, growth, and drain for 49 counties in Central Georgia
designated as Survey Unit No. 3 (fig. l). It is one of a series of
reports being published as the survey work is completed in each sec-
tion of the State. The field data were obtained from ground sample
plots during the period April 1952 to December 1952. Procedures
used in obtaining the estimates of land area and timber volumes are
described briefly on page 44.
Central Georgia was covered by the original Forest Survey in
1936. The availability of these earlier statistics makes it possible
to compare data for the two surveys and to evaluate changes and trends
which have taken place during the past 1 6 years.
1952 HIGHLIGHTS AND SIGNIFICANT CHANGES
Forest land area increased more than one million acres. --Results
of the 1952 survey in Central Georgia show the area of commercial forest
land to be nearly 6.7 million acres as compared to 5-6 million in 1936.
This amounts to a 20-percent increase in the acreage of forest land dur-
ing the period between surveys. A corresponding reduction occurred in
the acreage of crop and pasture land, indicating that the major shift in
land use was from agriculture to forest.
The 49 counties
in Central Georgia con-
tain a gross land area
of 10.5 million acres.
Forests now occupy 6.7
million acres, or 64
percent of the total
(fig. 2). Land in ag-
ricultural use accounts
for 2.8 million acres,
or about one -fourth of
the gross area. Fields
and pastures formerly
used for agriculture
but now classified as
idle make up 700*000
acres, and cities,
towns, rights-of-way,
and other areas occupy
the remaining 3 percent
Figure 2. --Land use in Central Georgia,
1952 and 1936
The forest land is predominantly in private farm ownership. Pub-
licly-owned forests account for only 5 percent of the total, with the bulk
of this acreage in military reservations and the Clark Hill Dam project.
About three-fourths of the forest land is on farms, and 19 percent is
owned or operated by other private individuals and corporations.
Hardwood forest types gain in area. — Since 193&, hardwood forest
types in Central Georgia increased from 1.3 million to 2.3 million acres,
a gain of 77 percent in area. During the same period the more important
pine types show a relatively small increase of 64 thousand acres, indicat-
ing they have held their own but have not added any substantial acreage.
Increases in the area of hardwood types can usually be traced to cutting
practices which remove the preferred pine species from the stands, leav-
ing the less desirable hardwoods to occupy the site and serve as a source
of seed. Similar trends have been found in recent surveys of other south-
eastern areas, and they may be expected to continue until control or cor-
rective measures can be applied on a large scale.
Forest type
classifications are
currently based on
cubic volume for all
stands except seed-
lings and saplings,
where numbers of stems
are used. These clas-
sifications show that
67 percent of the for-
est land in Central
Georgia is in pine or
pine -hardwood types,
and 33 percent is oc-
cupied by pure hard-
wood stands (fig. 3).
Cypress stands are
found on less than one
percent of the area.
Greater number of small trees but fewer large ones. --One of the
most revealing comparisons which can be made between two surveys is based
on the number of trees found in each diameter class. Such a comparison
by tree size and species group appears in table A. The number of saplings
and smaller trees through the 10-inch diameter class increased heavily in
all groups. These changes reflect over-all improvements in the stocking
of young trees which can be attributed largely to better fire protection
and natural restocking of abandoned agricultural land.
PINE
OAK-PINE
OAK-HICKORY
OAK-GUM-
CYPRESS
0 12 3 4
MILLION ACRES
Figure 3» — Commercial forest land by forest
type, 1952
2
Table A also shows the effect of heavy demand for trees of larger
size and better quality. Sharp decreases are evident in the number of
trees in the 12-inch and larger diameter classes. The net effect of
these changes has been a reduction in the number of pine and soft-textured
hardwood trees of sawtimber size. It will require years of growth before
smaller trees can replace the loss of volume in the larger , more valuable
trees.
Table A. --Percent change in numbers of sound trees
by species group and diameter class, 193^ to 1952
Dob. he
class
( inches )
Yellow
pine
Other
soft-
woods
Soft-
textured
hardwoods
Hard-
textured
hardwoods
All
species
2
+27
+184
+47
+45
+39
4
+29
+210
+42
+91
+45
6
+27
+ 53
+20
+33
+26
8
+32
+ 29
+13
+32
+28
10
+11
+153
+27
+34
+19
12
-13
+116
+ 7
+28
- 1
l4
-32
+211
- 5
+24
-15
16
-58
+ 21
-32
- 4
-40
18
-66
- 58
-40
- 1
-45
20+
-80
- 74
-58
-27
-60
All diameters
+23
+142
+38
+49
+35
All trees 6M
and larger
+lk
+ 67
+11
+27
+15
All saw-
timber trees
-14
+105
-13
+10
-10
Changes shown in the number of pine trees are more significant
than for other species groups because pines make up 42 percent of the
total® The other softwood group accounts for less than one percent of
all trees, making the changes shown for this group relatively unimpor-
tant o Soft-textured and hard-textured hardwoods account for 27 and 30
percent of the total number of trees respectively.
The reduction in numbers of large trees has had a widespread ef-
fect on stand structure and timber volumes. Seventy percent of the for-
est area is now in either seedling and sapling or pole-size stands and
only 25 percent of the area supports stands of sawtimber .
- 3 -
Sawtimber volume decreases sharply, --The volume of sawtimber in
Central Georgia decreased from 13 » 3 billion board feet in 1936 to 9® 2
billion in 1952, a loss of 31 percent * Table B shows the effect of
heavy utilization on both pine and hardwood species* The actual in-
crease in cypress sawtimber volume is very minor*
Table B, --Sawtimber volume compared, 1936 and 1952
Species group
1936^/
1952
Change
Million
bd* ft*
Million
bd, ft.
Percent
Pines
7,756
4,845
-38
Hardwoods
5,443
4,231
-22
Cypress
100
140
- +4o
All species
13,299
9,216
“31
1 / Original survey volumes have been recom-
puted to allow for differences in standards be-
tween the two surveys and to provide a uniform
basis for comparison. Thus, they will not agree
with volumes previously published.
These changes may seem surprising in view of the large increase
in forest area, However, much of the land which has recently reverted
to forest supports only stands of seedlings and saplings which, as yet,
contain no sawtimber volume. The more widely used pine sawtimber trees
have been reduced by 2,9 billion board feet, or 38 percent. Hardwood
volume exhibits a similar trend, being down 22 percent. The heavier
use of pine usually has the effect of increasing the proportion of hard-
woods in remaining stands of timber.
Pine species make up slightly more than half the present sawtimber
volume. Loblolly is the most prevalent single species, accounting for
two-thirds of the softwood volume. The remainder is mostly shortleaf
pine, followed by small amounts of slash, longleaf, and pond pine. Hard-
wood trees contain 46 percent of the board-foot volume, the most impor-
tant species being blackgum and sweetgum.
Sixty-nine percent of the sawtimber volume is in stands having an
operable volume of 1,500 or more board feet per acre. The balance is
scattered throughout stands of poletimber and young trees, making it dif-
ficult to harvest this portion* Only 14 percent of the volume is in trees
20 inches or larger in diameter*
/
- 4 -
Three -fourths of hardwood sawtimber volume poor quality, --All sawlogs
in hardwood trees 12 inches or larger in diameter were graded in the 1952
survey , using the Hardwood Log Grades for Standard Lumber developed by the
Forest Products Laboratory. Seventy-five percent of the board-foot volume
in hardwood sawlogs was classified as grade 3, which will produce mostly
low-quality factory lumber or crossties and timbers. Only 9 percent of
the volume was classified as select or grade 1, and 1 6 percent was grade 2.
This means that only one -fourth of the lumber produced from the average
hardwood sawlog could be expected to make No. 1 common or better.
Softwood sawlogs , if sawn on grade, would yield somewhat better
lumber. Modified Crossett Log Grades used in the survey indicate that
70 percent of the board-foot volume is in grade 1 or grade 2 logs and
only 30 percent is in grade 3*
Growing stock decreases 14 percent in volume. --The total volume
of growing stock is computed in terms of cubic feet of solid wood. It
includes the volume of all sound pole-size trees (5*0 to 8.9 inches in
diameter for softwoods and 5-0 to 10.9 inches for hardwoods) , as well as
the volume in sawtimber trees. Trees less than 5»0 inches in diameter
at breast height are considered seedlings or saplings and are not as-
signed volumes for inventory purposes.
The heavy drain on trees of sawtimber size is responsible for an
over-all decline of l4 percent in the growing stock. The trends by species
group are similar to those for board-foot volume , with pine down 20 percent
and hardwoods down 7 percent since 193^.
Table Cs --Volume comparison, all live trees 5*Q inches d.b.h, and larger.
1936 and 1952
Species
group
Growing stock
Cull trees
19361/
1952
Change
19361/
1952
Change
Million
cu. ft.
Million
cu. ft.
Percent
Million
cu. ft.
Million
cu. ft.
Percent
Pines
2,143
1,722
-20
38
293
+671
Hardwoods2/
1,655
1,535
- 7
404
704
+ 74
Cypress
28
40
+43
2
3
+ 50
All species
3,826
3,297
-14
444
1,000
+125
1/ See footnote 1, table B.
2/ Excludes limb volume of hardwood sawtimber trees.
Table C also includes the volumes of cull timber and shows changes
which have occurred between surveys. The amount of material in cull trees
is up sharply for both pine and hardwood species groups. Nearly one-fourth
of the total available wood volume is in low-quality trees which are seldom
harvested and remain to occupy valuable growing space.
- 5 -
Productive capacity of forest land hampered by poor stocking. — Only
one-fifth of the forest land in Central Georgia can he classed as medium
or well stocked with sound trees of usable size (5*0 inches and larger in
diameter). The remaining area is deficient from a growing-stock standpoint,
and this condition will seriously affect the timber -growing capacity of this
area during the immediate future. When the smaller seedling- and sapling-
size trees are included, the degree of stocking is considerably better, but
it will require a number of years before these smaller trees can produce
wood suitable for commercial use.
Supply of pine timber continues to diminish. — The amount of drain
on pine timber continues to exceed the growth, causing a continuation of
the downward trend
which is evident from
the survey volume com-
parisons. In 1952 the
net board-foot growth
of pine was estimated
to be 644 million
board feet as compared
to 787 million board
feet of drain. Drain
on the volume of pine
growing stock, which
includes pole-size
trees, also exceeded
the growth (fig. 4).
The hardwood
species are currently
increasing in volume
because of a relative-
ly low rate of drain.
Growth of hardwood saw-
timber amounted to 293
million board feet in
1952 and the volume of
drain was 226 million,
or about three -fourths
of the growth. The
excess of growth over
drain for hardwood grow'
ing stock amounted to
900 thousand cords.
Figure 4. — Timber growth and drain relationship in
Central Georgia, 1952
- 6 -
The net growth estimate is composed of the growth on all sound trees
of volume size plus the ingrowth created by trees reaching volume size dur-
ing the year. Mortality, or the loss of volume in trees which die from nat-
ural causes, is excluded. The timber drain estimate is based on the measure-
ment and tally of stumps found on ground sample plots. Stumps of all' trees
cut during the past three -year period were recorded by species groups, and
the measurements were converted into tree volume 0 The average volume of
drain for the three -year period was taken as the annual estimate *
The rates of timber growth in Central Georgia are excellent as in-
dicated by the net annual growth percents (tables 22 and 23) • Pine saw-
timber volume is increasing at the rate of 13 percent per annum, and all
pine growing stock at 10 percent. However, in most stands the actual in-
crease in volume per acre is relatively low because of poor stocking con-
ditions, The average volume growth of sawtimber and growing stock per acre
is IV7 board feet and 0,6 cords respectively. Growth percentages, even
though they are high, must be related to current volume before their effect
can be evaluated. The forest lands in Central Georgia have the capacity to
grow much more timber than they are producing at the present time. The
remedy is to build up the growing stock.
- 7 -
Table 1. “-Gross area-/ by broad use class , 1952
Class of use
Area
Thousand
acres
Percent
Forest land:
Commercial
6, 687 <>5
62.9
Noncommercial:
Reserved from commercial use
- =
«=«
Unproductive for timber use
2*2
(2/)
Total forest
6,689.7
62.9
Nonforest land:
Agriculture - active
2,081*0
19.6
Agriculture - idle
720 o 3
6*8
Pasture
669*6
6*3
Marsh
3108
0*3
Urban and other3 /
312.8
2o9
Total nonforest
3,815.5
35.9
Total land area
10,505o2
98.8
Total water area 4/
128.6
lo2
All classes
10,633.8
100*0
1 / From U« S* Bureau of the Census, 1950*
2 / Less than 0* 05 percent*
3/ Includes urban, suburban residential, and rural
industrial areas, rights-of-way, cemeteries, schools, etc*
kj Includes 56,400 acres of water according to Sur-
vey standards of area classification but defined by the
Bureau of Census as land*
- 8 -
Table 2, ™ -Owner ship of land, 1952
Class of ownership
All land
Commercial
forest land
Thousand
acres
Percent
Thousand
acres
Percent
Public lands
National forest
4.6
(2/)
4.6
0.1
Indian
—
— —
«—
--
Other federal
425.7
4,1
3H.5
4*6
Total federal
430,3
4.1
316,1
State
47.7
0.5
34*8
0,5
County and municipal
12,3
0*1
3*3
0,1
Total public
490,3
4.7
354.2
5-3
Private lands
•
Farm
(1/)
—
5,054,0
75.6
Other
(1/)
00
1,279.3
19.1
Total private
10,014*9
95.3
6,333-3
94.7
All classes
10,505.2
100, 0
6,687,5
100*0
\] Data not available *
2/ Less than 0.05 percent*
- 9 -
Table 3 • -“Commercial forest area by forest type and stand-size class, 1952
(in thousand acres)
Forest typel/
Large
sawtimber
stands
Small
sawtimber
stands
Pole-
timber
stands
Seedling
& sapling
stands
Poorly
stacked
stands &
unstocked
areas
All
stands
Pine types ;
Longleaf pine
12*9
60.4
120*9
48,4
29*7
272*3
Slash pine
3.0
8.1
12.4
37*3
1*8
62.6
Loblolly pine
91.1
560.9
1,027*2
849.1
86.1
2,614.4
Shortleaf pine
11.6
136.9
429.5
210.8
6«9
795*7
Pond pine
2®0
8.7
2,5
—
13*2
Total
120.6
775*0
1,592.5
1,145,6
124*5
3,758.2
Other types;
Oak -pine
44,9
84.7
257.4
302,8
28,4
718.2
Oak -hickory;
Upland hdwds®
4l.8
37*7
215.8
211*1
19.8
526*2
Scrub oak
—
3*5
56.0
152.4
211.9
Oak-gum=cypress ;
Lowland hdwds *
309.5
248,9
547.6
326,3
12,9
1,445,2
Cypress
20 .8
5.8
1.2
27,8
Total
396.2
392.1
1,030.1
896.2
214.7
2,929,3
All types
516,8
1,167.1
2,622,6
2,041.8
339*2
6,687,5
Percent
7.7
17*5
39.2
30.5
5d
100.0
1 / See description of forest types and stand-size classes in appendix,,
- 10 -
Table 4* --Net volume-^/ of sawtimber by species and stand-size classy 1952
(in million board feet)
Species^/
Large
sawtimber
stands
Small
sawtimber
stands
Pole-
timber
stands
Seedling
& sapling
stands
Poorly
stocked
stands &
unstocked
areas
All
stands
Softwoods :
Longleaf pine
6 9.8
191.4
85.5
37*7
9 06
394,0
Slash pine
13.0
31.4
,8*8
6*8
--
60.0
Loblolly pine
480.5
1,796.3
832,5
183.4
17-7
3,310.4
Pond pine
1.2
32*0
3-7
2.3
0*9
4o,i
Shortleaf pine
76.8
513. 3
362,8
85.1
3*1
i,o4i„i
Total pine
.
641.3
2,564.4
1,293-3
315*3
31.3
4,845,6
Cypress
24.3
107.3
3-2
134.8
Cedar
--
0.6
2.4
2.3
—
5*3
Total sftwds*
665.6
2,672.3
1,298.9
317.6
31.3
4,985.7
Hardwoods :
Bl. & tupelo gum
465*6
319.6
134 c 3
45,9
1.8
967.2
Sweetgum
392.1
279.6
270.7
46.7
2,3
991,4
Yellow -poplar
186.2
88.2
92.4
20,6
0.4
387,8
Soft maple
55,7
36.2
31.4
7o7
—
131*0
Other soft hdwds*
35.1
53,7
36.5
3*5
—
12808
Total
1,134.7
777.3
565.3
124.4
4,5
2,606*2
White & swamp
chestnut oaks
100*0
36,7
54.0
3*9
--
194*6
Other white oaks
64.2
34.1
28,1
11*0
--
137,4
No® red & swamp
red oaks
27.2
12*0
18.4
1*7
59*3
Other red oaks
248.5
157*9
147.9
55.5
1*3
6lia
Hickory
106.7
54.8
92.3
10,8
264*6
Ash
46*8
24.2
20*9
1*2
--
93*1
Other hard hdwds*
129 a 0
70.6
54*2
10*7
--
264,5
Total
722*4
390,3
415.8
94*8
1.3
1,624.6
Total hdwds*
1,857.1
1,167.6
981.1
219*2
5*8
4,230*8
All species
2,522.7
3,839.9
2,280.0
536.8
37*1
9,216.5
Percent
27.4
41.7
24.7
5.8
0*4
100*0
1 / Log scale. International l/4-inch rule.
2 / See appendix for species combined with others *
- 11 -
Table 5® —Net volume^ of sawtimber by species and diameter class^ 1952
Species
10 ~12
inches 2/
14-18
inches
20-24
inches
26+
inches
All di
ameters
Million
Million
Million
Million
Million
Percent
bd9 ft*
bd* ft.
bd. ft*
bd* ft.
bd* ft*
Softwoods :
Longleaf pine
222,6
123® 7
47.7
«...
394.0
^•3
Slash pine
30.4
29.6
--
60.0
0*7
Loblolly pine
1,876,^
1,227.9
170.8
35® 3
3,310.4
35.9
Pond pine
21*2
18.9
--
40.1
0,4
Short leaf pine
765.2
254.4
21*5
l,04l.l
11*3
Total pine
2,915.8
1,654.. 5
240.0
35*3
4,845*6
52.6
Cypress
62.5
65.1
7*2
® GO
134.8
1.4
Cedar
2*0
3*3
—
5*3
0*1
Total sftwds*
2,980,3
1,722*9
247.2
35*3
4,985.7
54.1
Hardwoods :
Bl» & tupelo gum
278,5
528.2
132.4
28,1
967,2
10*5
Sweet gum
278,2
564,7
114.2
34.3
991.4
10.8
Yellow -poplar
82,8
198,6
70.4
36*0
387.8
4.2
Soft maple
34.5
81,8
14.7
—
131*0
1.4
Other soft hdwds.
32,5
87.6
2*6
6.1
- 128.8
-1.4
Total
706,5
1,460,9
334.3
104.5
2^ 606*2
28.3
White & swamp
chestnut oaks
28.7
83.8
52,8
29*3
194,6
2.1
Other white oaks
21.4
50.6
17.8
47.6
137.4
1*5
No* red and swamp
0*6
red oaks
9o3
34.2
15*0
0.8
59*3
Other red oaks
98,5
299.7
145.1
67.8
611.1
6*6
Hickory
47.5
127.7
71*2
18.2
264*6
.2.9
Ash
25.5
50.6
17.0
--
'93*1
1*0
Other hard hdwds*
70*1
134.0
45,2
15*2
264,5
2,9
Total
301 eo
780,6
364,1
178,9
1^624*6
17.6
Total hdwds*
1,007*5
2,241.5
698*4
283.4
4,230.8
45.9
All species
3,987.8
3,964.4
945,6
318.7
9,216.5
100*0
Percent
43.3
43.0
10*3
3.4
100.0
1 / Log scale , International l/4-inch rule*
2/ Ten- inch hardwoods are not included*
12
of sawtimber b y forest type and stand-size class , 1952
Table 6, —Net volurm
ei/
(in million board feet)
2 /
Forest type^
Large
sawtimber
stands
.
Small
sawtimber
stands
Pole-
timber
stands
Seedling
& sapling
stands
Poorly
stocked
stands &
unstocked
areas
All
stands
Pine types:
Longleaf pine
51.0
194.9
73.9
16.5
9a
345,4
Slash pine
13.0
31.8
0.3
2*0
—
47.1
Loblolly pine
474.7
1,869.4
753.9
108.2
20a
3,226,3
Shortleaf pine
48a
456.6
353-2
44,8
0.8
903.5
Pond pine
5.0
23,0
0,9
—
—
28,9
Total
591.8
2,575.7
1,182.2
171-5
30.0
4, 551. a
Other types:
Oak -pine
198.6
210*4
267*0
92.8
1-7
770,5
Oak -hickory:
Upland hdwds0
149.4
109*2
211*9
68a
CO
538.6
Scrub oak
—
—
0*6
5.6
4*3
10,5
Oak~gum=cypress :
Lowland hdwds*
1,582.9
833.8
615.7
198.8
ia
3,232,3
Cypress
q=> to
110*8
2,6
'S3 =>
CO
113,4
Total
1,930.9
1,264.2
1,097.8
365.3
7-1
4,665.3
All types
2,522.7
3,839.9
2,280.0
536.8
37a
9,216.5
Percent
27.4
41.7
24.7
5.8
0,4
100, Q
1 / Log scale , International l/4- inch rule*
2 / See description of forest types and stand-size classes in appendix*
- 13 -
of all timber by species and stand-size class, 1952
Table 7* --Net volunu
(in thousand cords)
GROWING STOCK
Species
Large
sawtimber
stands
Small
sawtimber
stands
Pole-
timber
stands
Seedling
& sapling
stands
Poorly
stocked
stands &
unstocked
areas
All
stands
Softwoods :
Longleaf pine
188
721
581
131
4l
1,662
Slash pine
33
151
121
25
18
348
Loblolly pine
1,285
7,245
6,299
962
52
15,843
Pond pine
4
108
26
13
3
154
Shortleaf pine
249
2,330
3,158
414
10
6,l6l
Total pine
1,759
10,555
10,185
1,545
124
24,168
Cypress
67
368
36
--
--
471
Cedar
--
2
11
6
--
19
Total sftwds.
1,826
10,925
10,232
1,551
124
24,658
Hardwoods :
Bl. & tupelo gum
1,688
1,750
986
174
5
4,603
Sweetgum
1,493
1,634
2,048
312
6
5,493
Yellow-poplar
598
404
622
119
1
1,744
Soft maple
195
224
263
42
--
724
Other soft hdwds.
153
220
229
14
—
6l6
Total
4,127
4,232
4,148
661
12
13,180
White & swamp
3 46
chestnut oaks
185
387
33
--
951
Other white oaks
204
144
238
4l
--
627
No. red & swamp
red oaks
7^
52
104
15
245
Other red oaks
805
671
1,064
242
4
2,786
Hickory
396
237
399
42
11
1,085
Ash
166
110
236
4
--
516
Dogwood, persimmon
52
30
94
21
--
197
Other hard hdwds.
348
484
55
—
1,332
Total
2 >88
1,777
3,006
453
15
7,739
Total hdwds.
6,615
6,009
7,154
1,114
27
20,919
All species
8,44l
16,934
17,386
2,665
151
45,577
Percent
18.5
37.2
38.1
5-9
0.3
100.0
OTHER MATERIAL
Sound culls
Softwoods
115
831
2,004
943
148
4,04l
Hardwoods2/
1,649
1,470
3,506
1,552
341
8,518
Rotten culls
218
331
447
140
3
1,139
Hardwood limbs
1,263
865
975
287
27
3,417
Total other material
3,245
3,497
6,932
2,922
519
17,H5
l/ Sound wood and bark.
2 / Includes noncommercial species.
- l4 -
Table 8. — Net volume^ of all timber by species and diameter class, 1952
(in thousand cords)
GROWING STOCK
Species
Pole trees ^
Sawtimber trees
All
diameters
6
inches
8 =
inches ;
10
inches
12
inches
14-18
inches
20+
inches
Softwoods :
Longleaf pine
Slash pine
Loblolly pine
Pond pine
Short leaf pine
185
106
2,455
6
1,244
kik :
77 :
3,785 :
26 p
1,868 ;
384
44
3,101
4l
1,419
265
45
2,815
28
907
306
76
3.214
53
672
108
473
51
1,662
348
15,843
154
6,161
Total pine
Cypress
Cedar
Total sftwds.
Hardwoods :
Bl. & tupelo gum
Sweetgum
Yellow-poplar
Soft maple
Other soft hdwds.
Total
White & swamp
chestnut oaks
Other white oaks
No. red & swamp
red oaks
Other red oaks
Hickory
Ash
Dogwood, persimmon
Other hard hdwds.
Total
Total hdwds .
All species
Percent
3,996
6,170 :
4,989
4,060
4,321
632
24,168
ko
4
5^ \
90
4
101
2
170
9
16
471
19
k,oko
6,22k ^
5,083
4,163
4,500
648
24,658
258
705
144
95
58
586
93^
182
l64
83
1,017 X
1,062 E
368 t
102
H5
876
870
252
106
99
1,470
1,556
538
220
239
396
366
260
37
22
4,603
5,493
1,744
724
616
1,260
1,949
2,664
2,203
4,023
1,081
13 , 180
113
91
26
344
72
64
Ilk
151
128
66
16
411
136
75
22
150
180
95
37
336
143
115
14
330
88
70
31
325
153
80
16
207
233
l4l
94
830
354
139
31
345
209
164
41
540
227
43
149
951
627
245
2,786
1,085
516
197
1,332
975
1,004
1,250
970
2,167
1,373
7,739
2,235
2,953
3,914 :
3.173
6,190
2,454
20,919
6,275
9,177
8,997
7,336
10,690
3,102
45,577
13.8
20.1
19.7
16.1
23.5
6.8
100.0
OTHER MATERIAL
Sound culls
Softwoods
548
571
1,024
748
980
170
4,04l
Hardwoods2/
1,369
1,245
1,459
918
2,079
1,448
8,518
Rotten culls
67
97
92
90
377
4l6
1,139
Hardwood limbs
—
--
--
762
1,760
895
3,417
Total other material
1,984
1,913
2,575
2 518
5,196
2,929
17,115
l/ Sound wood and bark.
2 J Includes noncommercial species.
- 15 -
Table 9»°,°Net volume^ of all timber by species and class of material, 1952
(in thousand cords)
GROWING
STOCK
OTHER MATERIAL
Species
Sawtimber trees
Pole”
Total
Sound
culls2/
Rotten
culls
Sawlog
portion
Upper
stems
timber
trees
sound
trees
Softwoods :
Longleaf pine
854
209
599
1,662
135
1
Slash pine
136
29
183
348
43
--
Loblolly pine
7,781
1,822
6,240
15,843
2,882
54
Pond pine
96
26
32
154
10
«o »
Shortleaf pine
2,488
561
3,112
6,161
938
1
Total pine
11,355
2,647
10,166
24,168
4,008
56
Cypress
300
77
94
471
23
4
Cedar
11
4
4
19
10
Total sftwds.
11,666
2,728
10,264
24,658
4,04l
60
Hardwoods :
Bl. & tupelo gum
2,179
563
1,861
4,603
1,837
268
Sweetgum
2,228
564
2,701
5,493
1,933
279
Yellow-poplar
851
199
694
1,744
578
45
Soft maple
292
71
361
724
953
153
Other soft hdwds »
288
72
256
6l6
597
57
Total
5,838
1,469
5,873
13,180
5,898
802
White Sc swamp
356
chestnut oaks
4l8
112
421
951
23
Other white oaks
296
79
252
627
518
20
No, red 8c swamp
red oaks
126
4o
79
245
139
7
Other red oaks
1,322
373
1,091
2,786
2,084
261
Hickory
579
155
351
1,085
628
35
Ash
212
50
254
516
3^5
43
Dogwood, persimmon
Scrub oak 3 /
38
9
150
197
121
3
=>-
—
—
923
--
Other hard hdwds..
556
145
631
1,332
755
53
Total
3,547
963
3 >229
7,739
5,869
445
Total hdwds.
9,385
2,432
9,102
20,919
11,767
1,247
All species
21,051
5,160
19,366
45,577
15,808
1,307
Percent
46,2
11.3
42,5
100,0
92,4
7«6
1 / Sound wood and bark*
2/ Includes limb volume of hardwood sawtimber trees,
3 / Includes noncommercial species.
- l6 -
Table 10. — Net volume^ of all timber by forest type and stand-size class, 1932
(in thousand cords)
GROWING STOCK
Forest type
Large
sawtimber
stands
Small
sawtimber
stands
Pole-
timber
stands
Seedling
& sapling
stands
Poorly
stocked
stands &
unstocked
areas
All
stands
Pine types:
Longleaf pine
153
744
528
54
38
1,517
Slash pine
33
157
77
22
—
289
Loblolly pine
1,503
8,195
6,653
809
74
17,234
Shortleaf pine
150
1,995
2,777
230
2
5,154
Pond pine
13
83
3
--
—
99
Total
1,852
11,174
10,038
1,115
114
24,293
Other types :
Oak -pine
Oak; -hickory:
617
912
1,680
423
16
3,648
Upland hdwds .
562
446
1,186
282
--
2,476
Scrub oak
--
--
6
16
18
40
Oak -gum-cypress :
Lowland hdwds.
5,4io
3,946
4,45 6
829
3
14 , 644
Cypress
--
456
20
--
--
476
Total
6,589
5,760
7,348
1,550
37
21,284
All types
8.44l
16,934
17 . 386
2,665
151
45,577
Percent
18.5
37.2
38.1
5.9
0.3
100.0
OTHER MATERIAL
Pine types:
Longleaf pine
49
57
104
21
22
253
Slash pine
—
16
20
15
--
51
Loblolly pine
223
1,071
2,029
902
208
4,433
Shortleaf pine
42
227
669
194
2
1,134
Pond pine
—
8
--
--
—
8
Total
314
1,379
2,822
1,132
232
5,879
Other types : .
Oak -pine
Oak-hickory:
211
258
763
303
15
1,550
Upland hdwds.
199
203
732
388
18
1,540
Scrub oak
--
--
4
108
186
298
Oak-gum-cypress :
Lowland hdwds.
2,521
1,570
2,611
991
67
7,760
Cypress
--
87
—
—
1
88
Total
2,931
2,118
4,110
1,790
287
11,236
All types
3,245
3,497
6,932
2,922
519
17,H5
Percent
19.0
20.4
40.5
17.1
3.0
100.0
1 / Sound wood and bark.
- 17 -
lei/
Table 11. — Net volume-7 of all timber by species and diameter class, 1952
(in million cubic feet)
GROWING STOCK
Species
Pole trees
; Sawtimber trees
All
diameters
6
inches
8
inches
10
: inches
12
inches
14-18
inches
20+
inches
Softwoods :
Longleaf pine
Slash pine
Loblolly pine
Pond pine
Shortleaf pine
Total pine
Cypress
Cedar
Total sftwds.
11-3
6.5
144.0
0.3
72.9
27.8
5.2
254.6
125.6
: 27.8
: 3.3
; 226.2
; 3.0
^ 104.1
20.4
3.6
214.8
2.0
69.O
24.4
6.0
256.6
4.2
53.2
9.0
40.2
4.3
120.7
24.6
1,136.4
11.2
429.1
235.0
414.9
: 364.4
309.8
344.4
53.5
1,722.0
2.7
0.2
4.0
3 7.o
5 0.4
8.6
0.1
14.7
0.8
1-5
38.5
1.5
237.9
4l8.9
371.8
318.5
359.9
55.0
1,762.0
Hardwoods :
Bl. & tupelo gum
Sweetgum
Yellow-poplar
Soft maple
Other soft hdwds.
Total
White & swamp
chestnut oaks
Other white oaks
No. red & swamp
red oaks
Other red oaks
Hickory
Ash
Dogwood, persimmon
Other hard hdwds.
Total
Total hdwds.
All species
Percent
15.8
42.6
8.6
5.7
3.6
38.3
61.2
11.8
10.7
5.5
70.9
74.1 f
25.7
7.0 :
8.0
66.9
66. 7
19.7
8.2
7.7
116.2
124.1
42.7
17.5
18.8
32.5
29.9
21.5
3.0
1.8
340.6
398.6
130.0
52.1
45.4
76.3
127.5
185.7 \
169.2
319.3
88.7
966.7
6.9
5.5
1-7
20.8
4.5
3.9
7.1
9.2
8.5
1.0
27.1
9.0
4.9
1.5
9.9
12.4 E
6.7 :
2.6
23.3 :
9.9 :
8.0 :
1.0 t
22.9 p
6.8
5.1
2.2
23.3
11-3
6.0
1.1
15.5
18.4
11.2
7.6
66.0
28.0
11.2
2.4
27.3
17.0
13.5
3.3
44.2
18.6
3.5
12.5
70.0
46.3
18.4
204.7
81.3
37.5
13.1
97.3
59.6
66.2
86.8 E
71.3
172.1
112.6
568.6
135.9
193.7
272.5 ;
240.5
491.4
201.3
1,535.3
373.8
612.6
644.3
559.0
851.3
256.3
3,297.3
11.3
18.6
19.5
17.0
25.8
7.8
100.0
OTHER MATERIAL
Sound culls
Softwoods
32.4
38.5
71.4
55.9
77.8
—
14.9
290.9
Hardwoods^/
82.9
82.2
101.5
69.7
165.2
118.8
620.3
Rotten culls
3.9
6.5
6.4
7.3
29.7
3^.7
88.5
Hardwood limbs
—
—
—
57-2
132.4
73.^
263.0
Total other material
119.2
127.2
179.3
190.1
405.1
241.8
1,262.7
l/ Excluding bark.
2 J Includes noncommercial species.
- 18 -
Table 12 . - -Net volume-7 of all timber by species and class of material, 1952
(in million cubic feet)
GROWING STOCK
OTHER MATERIAL
Species
Sawtimber trees
Pole-
timber
trees
Total
sound
trees
Sawlog
portion
Upper
stems
Sound
culls2/
Rotten
culls
Softwoods :
Longleaf pine
65*8
15.8
39.1
120.7
9,6
0.1
Slash pine
10,5
2.4
11.7
24.6
3.0
--
Loblolly pine
599.1
138.7
393.6
1,136.4
209,5
4.1
Pond pine
7*5
1.7
2.0
11.2
0,7
--
Shortleaf pine
186.8
43.8
193,5
429,1
65*6
0,1
Total pine
869.7
202.4
649.9
1,722,0
288,4
M
Cypress
26.0
5.8
6.7
38,5
1.6
o,4
Cedar
1.0
0,3
0.2
1.5
0,9
*•-
Total sftwds.
896.7
208,5
656.8
1,762.0
290.9
^*7
Hardwoods :
Bl. & tupelo gum
173-3
42.3
125.0
340,6
135.7
20.9
Sweetgum
177*0
43.7
177.9
398.6
145.7
21,3
Yellow-poplar
67.5
16,4
46.1
130,0
46 „ 2
3.7
Soft maple
23.2
5.5
23.4
52.1
70.6
12,0
Other soft hdwds.
22.9
5^
17.1
45,4
43.9
4,4
Total
463.9
113.3
389.5
966.7
442.1
62.3
White 8c swamp
chestnut oaks
33.8
8.4
27.8
70,0
27.O
1.9
Other white oaks
23.9
5.9
16.5
46.3
38.5
1.6
No. red 8c swamp
red oaks
10,5
2.6
5.3
18,4
10.0
0.7
Other red oaks
107.2
26.3
71.2
204.7
156.5
20.6
Hickory
46.6
11.3
23.4
81.3
45.3
2.8
Ash
16.8
3.9
l5.8
37*5
24.4
3-3
Dogwood, persimmon
2.9
0.6
9.6
13*1
7*7
0,2
Scrub oak 3/
--
--
--
62.4
«*!
Other hard hdwds.
44.6
10.7
42.0
97*3
55*7
4.1
Total
286.3
69.7
212,6
568 , 6
427.5
35.2
Total hdwds.
750,2
183.0
602,1
1,535*3
869.6
97,5
All species
1,646,9
391.5
1,258.9
3,297.3
1,160.5
102.2
Percent
4 9.9
11.9
38.2
100.0
91.9
8.1
l/ Excluding bark.
2/ Includes limb volume of hardwood sawtimber trees.
3/ Includes noncommercial species.
- 19 -
Table 13* -“Average volume-^ per acre of sawtimber by forest type,
species group, and stand-size class, 1952
(in board feet)
Forest type
and
species group
Large
sawtimber
stands
Small
sawtimber
stands
Pole-
timber
stands
Other
stand
sizes
All
stands
Longleaf pine
Softwood
3,335
3,138
585
275
1,192
Hardwood
609
93
27
52
76
Slash pine
Softwood
4,430
3,675
22
35
713
Hardwood
—
230
--
16
40
Loblolly pine
Softwood
4,467
3,112
653
116
1,122
Hardwood
742
220
80
21
112
Shortleaf pine
Softwood
2,346
3,219
772
168
1,051
Hardwood
1,810
116
50
42
85
Pond pine
Softwood
2,521
2,138
370
--
1,865
Hardwood
—
509
—
--
336
Oak-pine
Softwood
2,274
1,150
507
180
542
Hardwood
2,152
1,334
531
106
531
Upland hdwds.
Softwood
286
195
111
130
139
Hardwood
3,283
2,702
871
166
884
Scrub oak
Softwood
*> —
<xb mm
44
43
Hardwood -
Lowland hdwds.
167
•4
6
Softwood
182
213
124
244
180
Hardwood
4,932
3,138
1,001
345
2,057
Cypress
Softwood
--
4,331
340
«
3,312
Hardwood
—
986
no
—
760
All types
Softwood
1,288
2,290
495
147
746
Hardwood
3,593
1,001
374
94
633
1 / Log scale. International l/4-inch rule.
- 20 -
Table 14 -Aver age volume—/ per acre of all trees by forest type, species group,
and stand-size class, 1952
(in standard cords)
Forest type
and
species group
Large
sawtimber
stands
Small
sawtimber
stands
Pole-
timber
stands
Other
stand
sizes
All
stands
Sound2 /
Cull2/
Sound
Cull
Sound
Cull
Sound
Cull
Sound
Cull
Longleaf pine
Softwood
9.9
1.0
12.0
0.7
4.2
0.3
1.0
0.1
5.3
0.4
Hardwood
1.9
2.8
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.6
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.6
Slash pine
Softwood
11.2
—
18.7
1.8
6.2
1.6
0.5
0.1
4.5
0.6
Hardwood
—
--
0.6
0.1
—
--
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.2
Loblolly pine
Softwood
12.1
0.9
12.9
1.1
5.7
1.4
0.8
0.8
5.7
1.1
Hardwood
4.4
1.6
1.7
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.1
0.4
0.9
0.6
Shortleaf pine
Softwood
6.7
--
13.7
0.7
6.0
1.0
0.9
0.7
5.9
0.8
Hardwood
6.3
3.6
0.8
0.9
0.5
0.6
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.6
Pond pine
Softwood
6.5
—
8.1
--
1.2
—
--
--
6.5
—
Hardwood
—
—
1.5
0.9
1.0
0.6
Oak-pine
Softwood
6.2
0.4
4.2
0.3
2.9
0.4
0.7
0.2
2.3
0.3
Hardwood
7.6
^.3
6.6
2.8
3.6
2.6
0.6
0.7
2.8
1.9
Upland hardwoods
Softwood
1.1
(3/)
0.7
—
0.6
(3/)
0.4
0.1
0.6
0.1
Hardwood
12.3
4.7
ll.l
5.4
4.9
3.3
0.8
1.7
4.1
2.9
Scrub oak
Softwood
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
Hardwood
—
—
—
—
1.7
1.1
(2/)
1.3
(i/)
1.3
Lowland hardwoods
Softwood
0.5
Vi
0.7
0.1
0.6
(3/)
0.7
0.1
0.6
0.1
Hardwood
17.0
15.2
6.2
7.5
4.7
1.7
3.0
9.5
5.3
Cypress
Softwood
—
—
15.3
1.0
3.1
--
—
0.8
12.1
0.8
Hardwood
—
—
6.6
3.2
0.3
—
--
—
5.0
2.4
All types
Softwood
3.5
0.2
9A
0.7
3.9
0.8
0.7
0.5
3.7
0.6
Hardwood
12.8
6.1
5.1
2.3
2.7
1.9
0.5
1.0
3.1
1.9
1 / Sound wood and bark.
2/ Sound trees; cull trees.
2/ Less than O.O5 cords per acre.
- 21 -
Table 15. -“Number of trees-^ by species group^ quality class^ and tree size^
1952
(in thousands of trees)
Species group
and
quality class
Sapling-
size
trees
Pole-
size
trees
Small
saw timber
trees
Large
sawtimber
trees
All
trees
Yellow pines :
Sound trees
Sound culls
Rotten culls
647,431
143,592
879
195,173
30,225
^35
68,218
17,567
120
M35
1,327
25
915, ^57
192,711
1,459
Total
791,902
225,833
85,905
5,987
1,109,627
Other softwoods:
Sound trees
Sound culls
Rotten culls '
10,942
863
2,199
312
1,799
88
58
164
15,104
1,263
58
Total
11,805
2,511
1,945
164
16,425
Soft-textured hdwds.:
Sound trees
Sound culls
Rotten culls
469,664
264,151
6,234
86,733
3^,779
5,144
17,918
5,446
1,490
5,613
2,4,11
1,074
579,928
■ 306,787
13,942
Total
740,049
126,656
24,854
9,098
900,657
Hard-textured hdwds . :
Sound trees
Sound culls2 /
Rotten culls
584,662
610,493
6,241
56,0^1
52,998
3,551
9,901
5,729
665
5,055
2,962
638
655,659
672,182
11,095
Total
1,201,396
112,590
16,295
8,655
1,338,936
All species
2,745,152
467,590 ,
128,999
23,904
3,365,645
\J All trees 1.0 inch d.b.h. and larger®
2 / Includes scrub oak and noncommercial trees.
22 -
Table l6.--Area-' of seedling, sapling, and poorly stocked stands by
plantability class, 1952
(in thousands of acres)
Forest type
No
planting
required^/
Suitable
for machine
planting
Hand
planting
required
All
classes
Longleaf pine
66.9
6.6
4.6
78.1
Slash pine
20,8
4.4
13.9
39.1
Loblolly pine
730.2
64.8
lbo.2
935.2
Shortleaf pine
187-9
10.5
19.3
217.7
Oak-pine
292c9
l4d
24,2
331-2
Upland hdwds.
188.7
27.0
15.2
230*9
Scrub oak
52.5
57.3
9806
208 c 4
All types
1,539.9
184.7
316.0
2,040.6
Percent
75.5
9.0
15.5
100.0
l/ Acreage of oak-gum-cypress types excluded* -
2/ Sufficient seed trees present or area is restocking naturally.
- 23
Table 17. --Stocking on coimnercial forest area by forest type and tree-size
class, 1952
(in thousands of acres)
GROWING STOCK OF ALL SIZES
Forest
type
Non-
stocked
0-9$
Poor
stocking
10-39$
Medium
stocking
40-69%
Good
stocking
70-99$
Over-
stocked
100+%
Total
area
Longleaf pine
27*7
98.5
65.7
36.3
44ol
272.3
Slash pine
1.7
25.2
15.7
17.2
2.8
62.6
Loblolly pine
73.3
420,7
379.5
283.6
1,457.3
2,6l404
Short leaf pine
5.7
103,3
128.5
89.6
468,6
795*7
Pond pine
--
*
— ■
13o2
13.2
Oak-pine
28.4
111.0
73.4
106.9
398.5
718.2
Upland hdwds.
16.7
74.3
100.3
86,8
248.1
526.2
Scrub oak
150.4
53.1
8.4
--
--
211,9
Lowland hdwds.
12.9
151*7
205.6
260.1
814.9
1,445.2
Cypress
1.2
6.7
3.5
3.1
13.3
27.8
All types
318.0
1,044.5
980.6
883.6
3,460,8
6,687,5
Percent
4.8
15.6
14.7
13.2
51.7
100.0
GROWING
STOCK 5.0 INCHES DBH
AND LARGER
Longleaf pine
69.4
169.4
26.1
4,9
2.5
272.3
Slash pine
39.1
9.1
10.9
0.7
2.8
62.6
Loblolly pine
904,7
1,153*1
405.8
117,8
33.0
2,614.4
Shortleaf pine
202.5
457.4
84.7
41,7
9*4
795*7
Pond pine
--
10,7
2.5
--
—
13.2
Oak-pine
312.2
341.7
53.6
10,7
718.2
Upland hdwds.
195*7
296.4
25.9
7.1
1.1
526.2
Scrub oak
206.4
5,5
--
--
211,9
Lowland hdwds c
273.0
726.5
336.1
85.9
23*7
1,445.2
Cypress
1.2
8.7
15.1
1.3
1.5
27.8
All types
2,204.2
3,178.5
960,7
270*1
74,0
6,687.5
Percent
33.0
47.5
l4*4
4.0
1.1
100,0
SAWTXMBER
GROWING SG
X)CK
Longleaf pine
171.it
86.0
14,2
0.7
--
272.3
Slash pine
51-5
11.1
--
—
C® <*.
■ 62.6
Loblolly pine
1,647.2
782.9
155.6
27 a
1.6
2,614,4
Shortleaf pine
487.4
260.2
42.2
5.9
—
795.7
Pond pine
2.5
8.2
2.5
-<!
—
13*2
Oak-pine
489.0
208,2
19.7
1-3
— —
718.2
Upland hdwds.
372.3
139.9
14.0
-J
—
526.2
Scrub oak
209.9
2.0
--
«
— —
211.9
Lowland hdwds.
627.7
684 d
116.9
15.0
1.5
1,445.2
Cypress
5-0
16.5
4e8
1.5
—
27.8
All types
4,063,9
2,199*1
369.9
51-5
3*1
6,687.5
Percent
60.7
32.9
5.5
0.8
0.1
100 90
24
Table l8.--Net annual growth of sawtimber by stand-size class and species
group, 19^2
(in thousand board feet)
Stand-size class
Softwoods
Soft-
textured
hardwoods
Hard-
textured
hardwoods
All
species
Pine
Other
Sawtimber stands
336,108
5,509
133^987
52,009
527,613
Poletimber stands
272,506
275
65,822
32,303
370,906
Other stands
35,669
75
5,620
3,211
44,575
All stands
..
61+4,283
5,859
205,429
87,523
943,094
Table 19- —Net annual growth of growing stock by stand-size class and
species group, 1952
(in thousand cords)
Stand-size class
Softwoods
Soft-
textured
hardwoods
Hard-
textured
hardwoods
All
species
Pine
Other
Saw timber stands
798
13
567
223
1,601
Poletimber stands
1,262
3
434
265
1,964
Other stands
256
(1/)
1+1+
35
335
All stands
2,316
16
1,045
523
3,900
1 / Less than 5 00 cords.
- 25 -
Table 20, —Average growth of sawtimber per acre by forest type
and stand-size class 3 1932
(in board feet)
Forest type
Stand-size class
All
stands
Sawtimber
Poletimber
Other stands
Longleaf and slash pine
334
92
24
129
Loblolly and pond pine
412
150
18
169
Shortleaf pine
327
166
15
155
Cypress
298
7
—
224
Oak-pine
256
137
24
107
Oak-hickory
224
90
21
80
Lowland hdwds.
286
131
5^
173
Scrub oak
--
—
2
2
All types
336
139
23
147
Table 21.-- -Average growth of growing stock per acre by forest type
and stand-size class 3 1952
(in standard cords)
Forest type
Stand-size class
All
stands
Sawtimber
Poletimber
Other stands
Longleaf and slash pine
0»9
0.6
0.2
0.5
Loblolly and pond pine
1.2
0o9
0.2
0,7
Shortleaf pine
0.9
0,8
0.1
0,6
Cypress
1.0
0.1
0.8
Oak-pine
0.9
0.7
0.1
0.5
Oak -hickory
0.7
0.4
0.1
0.3
Lowland hdwds „
1.1
0.9
0.2
0.8
Scrub oak
--
(1 /)
a/)
All types
1.1
00
•
0
0,2
0,6
1 / Less than 0o05 cords per acre.
- 26 -
Table 22. --Annual net growth percentages-/ for sawtinfber volumes by stand-
size class and species group, 1952
Stand-size class
Softwoods
Soft-
textured
hardwoods
Hard-
textured
hardwoods
All
species
Pine
Other
Sawtimber stands
10,48
4.17
7.01
4.67
8.29
Poletimber stands
21*07
4.94
11.64
7,77
16.27
Other stands
10*29
3.29
4,36
3.34
7.77
All stands
13.30
4,18
7*88
5.39
10*23
1 j For use with board-foot volumes*
Table 23 « --Annual net growth percentages-/ for growing stock volumes by
stand-size class and species group, 1952
Stand-size class
Softwoods
Soft-
textured
hardwoods
Hard-
textured
hardwoods
All
species
Pine
Other
Sawtimber stands
6.85
3*13
6.73
5.13
6.45
Poletimber stands
12.77
5.65
10.45
8.74
11.48
Other stands
14.58
1.67
6.28
7*19
11.27
All stands
9*77
3*33
7.84
6*60
8.58
1 / For use with volumes in cubic feet or standard cords*
- 27 -
Tab le 24 , - -Average annual drain on sawtimber by tree-size class and
species group
(in thousand board feet)
Tree-size class
Softwoods
Soft-
textured
hardwoods
Hard-
textured
hardwoods
All
species
Pine
Other
Small sawtimber
499, 307
1,120
36,615
^,338
541,380
Large sawtimber
287,642
135,H3
50,402
^73,157
All trees
786,949
1,120
171,728
54,740
1,014,537
Table 25. --Average annual drain on growing stock by tree-size class and
species group
(in thousand cords)
Tree -size class
Softwoods
Soft-
textured
hardwoods
Hard-
textured
hardwoods
All
species
Pine
Other
Pole trees
303
—
51
27
381
Small sawtimber
1,479
3
108
15
1,605
Large sawtimber
688
—
339
128
1,155
All trees
2,470
3
498
170
3,141
28 -
Table 26. --Net change in sawtimber volume by species group, 1952
(in thousand board feet)
Item
Softwoods
Soft-
textured
hardwoods
Hard-
textured
hardwoods
All
species
Pine
Other
Net volume, Jan. 1, 1952
4,845,632
140,072
2,606,229
1,624,561
9,216,494
Total growth
669,544
7,442
213,830
101,793
992,609
Mortality
25,261
1,583
8,401
14,270
49,515
Net growth
6Mi-,283
5,859
205,429
87,523
943,094
Drain
786,9^9
1,120
171,728
54,740
1,014,537
Loss or gain
-142,666
+4,739
+33,701
+32,783.
-71,443
Net volume, Jan. 1, 1953
4,702,966
144,811
2,639,930
1,657,344
9,145,051
Percent change
- 2.94
+ 3.38
+ 1.29
+ 2o02
- 0.78
Table 27* --Net change in growing stock by species group, 1952
(in thousand cords)
Item
Softwoods
Soft-
textured
hardwoods
Hard-
textured
hardwoods
All
species
Pine
Other
Growing stock, Jan. 1, 1952
24,168
490
13,180
7,739
45,577
Total growth
2,430
21
1,091
607
4,149
Mortality
114
5
46
84
249
Net growth
2,316
16
1,045
523
3,900
Drain
2,470
3
498
170
3,l4l
Loss or gain
-154
+13
+547
+353
+759
Growing stock, Jan. 1, 1953
24,014
503
13,727
8,092
46,336
Percent change
-0.64
+2.65
+4.15
+4.56
+1,67
- 29 -
Table 28. --County area by broad use class, 1952
County
Total
areal/
Nonforest area
Forest land
Land
Water
Non-
commercial
Commercial
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
acres
acres
acres
acres
acres
Baldwin
169.6
64.0
3.1
102.5
61.6
Bibb
162.6
66.8
3.0
--
92.8
58.1
Bleckley
140.2
76.4
0.2
--
63.6
45.4
Burke
532.5
280.8
2.1
—
249.6
47.1
Butts
120.3
50.4
2.3
—
67.6
57.3
Calhoun
185.0
90.7
0.2
--
94.1
50.9
Chattahoochee
161.9
31.8
1.3
—
128.8
80.2
Clay
143.4
69.5
0.6
--
73.3
51.3
Columbia
197.1
46.1
11.8
--
139.2
75.1
Crawford
201.6
54.8
1.5
—
1^5.3
72.6
Dougherty
210.6
116.3
8.0
--
86.3
42.6
Glascock
91.5
40.8
0.7
—
50.0
55.1
Greene
258.5
6l.l
0.8
—
196.6
76.3
Hancock
310.4
80.4
0.6
--
229.4
74.0
Harris
302.7
49.1
6.6
—
247.0
83.4
Houston
243.2
119.3
1.8
—
122.1
50.6
Jasper
240.0
59.3
1.8
—
178.9
75.1
Jefferson
3^0.5
172.9
0.1
--
167.5
49.2
Jones
257.3
47.0
0.8
—
209.5
81.7
Lamar
115.8
46.8
—
—
69.O
59.6
Lee
229.1
133.9
6.0
--
89.2
40.0
Lincoln
163.2
36.5
34.4
—
92.3
71.7
McDuffie
168.3
60.9
4.1
--
103.3
62.9
Macon
257.9
118.4
4.6
—
134.9
53.3
Marion
233.6
58.2
0.1
—
175.3
75.1
Monroe
255.4
47.8
1.0
—
206.6
81.2
Morgan
227.8
97.6
0.1
—
130.1
57.1
Muscogee
142.1
46.0
3.7
--
92.4
66.8
Peach
96.6
58.9
0.1
—
37.6
39.0
Pike
147.2
78.9
0.1
--
68.2
46.4
Pulaski
162.6
88.2
0.8
--
73.6
45.5
Putnam
224.0
32.9
6.6
--
184.5
84.9
Quitman
109.4
29.3
1.1
--
79.0
72.9
Randolph
279.0
132.5
0.3
—
146.2
52.5
Richmond
208.6
83.9
4.2
2.2
118.3
57.9
Schley
103.7
39.3
—
—
64.4
62.1
Stewart
296.3
87.8
0.6
—
207.9
70.3
Sumter
314.9
17^.3
2.5
—
138.1
44.2
Talbot
249.6
36.3
1.0
—
212.3
85.4
Taliaferro
124.8
25.O
--
—
99.8
80.0
Taylor
257.9
87.5
2.4
—
168.O
65.8
Terrell
210.6
136.8
1.3
—
72.5
34.6
Twiggs
233.6
52.8
1.2
—
179.6
77.3
Upson
213.8
57.8
1.9
—
154.1
72.7
Warren
187.7
66.4
0.1
—
121.2
64.6
Washington
431.4
156.9
0.9
—
273.6
63.6
Webster
124.8
32.5
—
—
92.3
74.0
Wilkes
302.1
72.9
1.7
—
227.5
75.7
Wilkinson
293.1
6l.O
0.5
—
231.6
79.2
Unit total
10,633.8
3,815.5
128.6
2.2
6,687.5
63.7
l/ Gross area from Bureau of the Census, 1950*
30
Table 29. — Ownership of commercial forest land by county, 1952
County
Private
Public
National
forest
Other
federal
State
County,
city,
town
Total public
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
acres
Percent
acres
acres
acres
acres
acres
Percent
Baldwin
97.9
95.5
__ _
4.6
4.6
4.5
Bibb
92.4
99.6
—
--
--
0.4
0.4
0.4
Bleckley
63.5
99.8
--
--
0.1
Ci/)
0.1
0.2
Burke
249.5
100.0
--
—
0.1
Ci/)
0.1
(2/)
Butts
67.O
99.1
--
--
0.6
(1/)
0.6
0.9
Calhoun
94.1
100.0
--
--
—
Cl/)
Ci/)
(2/0
Chattahoochee
92.7
72.0
—
35.7
--
0.4
3b. 1
28.0
Clay
73.3
100.0
--
—
--
--
---
--
Columbia
131.9
94.8
--
7.3
—
a/)
7.3
5.2
Crawford
145.2
99.9
--
--
--
0.1
0.1
0.1
Dougherty
84.4
97.8
--
0.5
1.4
(1/)
1.9
2.2
Glascock
50.0
100.0
—
—
--
—
--
--
Greene
175.1
89.1
—
21.0
0.5
(1/)
21.5
10.9
Hancock
229.4
100.0
--
--
—
(V)
ci/)
(2/)
Harris
241.0
97.6
--
—
5.9
0.1
6.0
2.4
Houston
119.0
97.5
3.1
--
ci/)
3.1
2.5
Jasper
153.9
86.0
--
25.0
--
(1/)
25.0
14.0
Jefferson
164.8
98.4
--
2.7
__
--
2.7
1.6
Jones
168.O
80.2
4.6
36.7
__
0.2
41.5
19.8
Lamar
68.9
99.9
—
--
--
0.1
0.1
0.1
Lee
88.8
99.6
—
0.1
0.3
--
0.4
0.4
Lincoln
72.5
78.5
--
19.8
--
--
19.8
21.5
McDuffie
89.4
86.5
--
13.9
—
--
13.9
13.5
Macon
134.7
99.9
--
--
--
0.2
0.2
0.1
Marion
174.9
99.8
--
0.4
--
(1 /)
0.4
0.2
Monroe
206.6
100.0
--
--
--
(1/)
Ci/)
(2/)
Morgan
124.4
95.6
—
0.3
5-3
0.1
5.7
¥.4
Muscogee
15.2
16.5
--
77.2
--
--
77.2
83.5
Peach
37.5
99.7
—
__
0.1
(l/)
0.1
0.3
Pike
68,0
99.7
--
--
—
0.2
0.2
0.3
Pulaski
73.6
100.0
--
--
--
—
—
—
Putnam
140.4
76.1
—
30.2
13.8
0.1
44.1
23.9
Quitman
79.0
100.0
--
--
Ci/)
Ci/)
(£/)
Randolph
146.1
99.9
--
—
0.1
0.1
0.1
Richmond
84.8
71.7
--
32.3
1.2
(V)
33-5
28.3
Schley
64.4
100.0
--
--
--
IB
Stewart
207.8
100.0
__
--
— •
0.1
0.1
(2/)
Sumter
137.8
99.8
—
0.1
ci/)
0.2
0.3
0.2
Talbot
212.3
100.0
--
—
1
| ;%4-
Taliaferro
98.9
99.1
--
--
0.9
—
0.9
0.9
Taylor
167.9
99.9
—
--
0.1
0.1
0.1
Terrell
72.4
99.9
—
—
—
0.1
0.1
0.1
Twiggs
179.4
99.9
—
—
—
0.2
0.2
0.1
Upson
153.9
99.9
--
—
0.2
0.2
0.1
Warren
121.1
99.9
--
0.1
—
(1/)
0.1
0.1
Washington
273.5
100.0
—
—
—
0.1
0.1
(2/)
Webster
92.3
100.0
—
--
__
--
--
--
Wilkes
222.4
97.8
--
5.1
--
Ci/)
5.1
2.2
Wilkinson
231.3
99.9
--
--
ho
0.3
0.3
0.1
Unit total
6,333.3
94.7
4.6
311.5
34.8
3.3
354.2
5-3
l/ Less than 50 acres.
2 / Less than 0.05 percent.
31
Table 30.--Net volume^ of sawtimber by county and species group, 1952
(in million board feet)
County
Softwoods^
Gum, maple and
yellow-poplar^/
Other
hardwoods
All
species
Baldwin
83.6
13.5
16.5
113.6
Bibb
71. 7
32.8
27.8
132.3
Bleckley
37.7
29.1
27.0
93.8
Burke
173-4
191.4
54.6
419.4
Butts
67.6
38.0
18.2
123.8
Calhoun
41.2
47.8
26.4
115.4
Chattahoochee
254.9
32.0
19.7
306.6
Clay
27.7
14.8
20.7
63.2
Columbia
94.9
24.3
32.3
151.5
Crawford
124.9
30.1
26.2
181.2
Dougherty
95.3
32.5
69.6
197.4
Glascock
29.O
20.3
13.3
62.6
Greene
133.7
46.3
36.5
216.5
Hancock
121.9
87.7
20.2
229.8
Harris
199.7
31.4
25.6
256.7
Houston
102.9
141.4
86.1
330.4
Jasper
231.8
61.3
39.9
333.0
Jefferson
77.4
121.1
73.6
272.1
Jones
296.0
32.0
' 30.7
358.7
Lamar
48.5
8.9
8.4
65.8
Lee
46.7
25.8
24.3
96.8
Lincoln
38.5
12.7
11.6
62.8
McDuffie
48.6
59.8
5.7
114.1
Macon
74.8
150.1
68.3
293.2
Marion
58.2
69.6
29.O
156.8
Monroe
95.8
32.7
32.0
160.5
Morgan
105.2
78.0
20.4
203.6
Muscogee
148.5
22.3
8.7
179.5
Peach
36.4
19.2
10.9
66.5
Pike
31.3
22.0
5.3
58.6
Pulaski
75.6
36.3
21.4
133.3
Putnam
230.5
35.1
22.2
287.8
Quitman
39.4
13.0
13.2
65.6
Randolph
49.7
93.3
22.3
165.3
Richmond
69.7
66.7
26.8
163.2
Schley
20.9
28.1
11.8
60.8
Stewart
246.1
58.5
59.4
364.0
Sumter
43.9
119.4
39.0
202.3
Talbot
97.5
17.8
7.4
122.7
Taliaferro
49.5
23.1
5.7
78.3
Taylor
53.3
55.4
28.0
136.7
Terrell
40.9
62.2
16.4
119.5
Twiggs
196.5
56.0
49.9
302.4
Upson
90.7
17.2
54.3
162.2
Warren
58.9
40.6
17.1
116.6
Washington
162.0
110.0
76.2
348.2
Webster
35.3
38.8
27.4
101.5
Wilkes
253.5
35.6
46.2
335.3
Wilkinson
174.0
170.2
190.4
534.6
Unit total
4,985.7
2,606.2
1,624.6
9,216.5
l/ Log scale. International l/4-inch rule.
2 / Includes pine, cypress, and cedar.
3/ Includes other soft-textured hardwoods.
32
*i/
Table 31* — Net volume-^ of sawtimber by county, broad species group, and diameter-
class group, 1952
County
Softwoods
Hardwoods
Softwoods
Hardwoods
9-14
inches
15+
inches
11-14
inches
15+
inches
Million
Million
Million
Million
bd. ft.
bd. ft.
bd. ft.
bd. ft.
rerccnu
Baldwin
70.2
13.4
l6.6
13.4
73.6
26.4
Bibb
50.2
21.5
26.8
33.8
54.2
45.8
Bleckley
27.9
9.8
22.3
33.8
40.2
59.8
Burke
117.8
55.6
119.7
126.3
41.3
58.7
Butts
58.0
9.6
17.9
38.3
54.6
45.4
Calhoun
31.1
10.1
32.3
41.9
35.7
64.3
Chattahoochee
144.1
110.8
30.0
21.7
83.1
16.9
Clay
26.7
1.0
19.0
16.5
^3.8
56.2
Columbia
75.6
19.3
20.8
35.8
62.6
37.4
Crawford
IO3.5
21.4
28.7
27.6
68.9
31.1
Dougherty
69.9
25.4
29.6
72.5
48.3
51.7
Glascock
19.3
9.7
17.3
16.3
46.3
53-7
Greene
133.7
--
44.7
38.1
61.8
38.2
Hancock
119.4
2.5
69.9
38.0
53.0
47.0
Harris
170.4
29.3
3^.3
22.7
77.8
22.2
Houston
62.5
40.4
77.6
149.9
31.1
68.9
Jasper
198.0
33.8
39.9
61.3
69.6
30.4
Jefferson
72.0
5.4
98.9
95.8
28.4
71.6
Jones
228.3
67.7
34.1
28.6
82.5
17.5
Lamar
43.4
5.1
10.5
6.8
73.7
26.3
Lee
39.2
7-5
25.5
24.6
48.2
51.8
Lincoln
30.5
8.0
12.3
12.0
61.3
38.7
McDuffie
41.7
6.9
30.7
34.8
42.6
57.4
Macon
40.5
3^-3
92.5
125.9
25.5
7**.5
Marion
56.4
1.8
49.1
49.5
37.1
62.9
Monroe
89.0
6.8
27.8
36.9
59.7
40.3
Morgan
99.6
5.6
32.7
65.7
51.7
48.3
Muscogee
78.0
70.5
15.0
16.0
82.7
17.3
Peach
27.7
8.7
13.8
16.3
54.7
45.3
Pike
27.2
4.1
20.0
7.3
53-4
46.6
Pulaski
48.7
26.9
26.3
31.4
56.7
^3.3
Putnam
185.8
44.7
40.2
17.1
80.1
19.9
Quitman
35.9
3.5
15.0
11.2
60.1
39.9
Randolph
49.7
—
72.9
42.7
30.1
69.9
Richmond
55.9
13.8
39.9
53.6
42.7
57.3
Schley
20.0
0.9
13.7
26.2
34.4
65.6
Stewart
208.2
37.9
56.1
61.8
67.6
32.4
Sumter
31.1
12.8
58.5
99.9
21.7
78.3
Talbot
89.7
7.8
20.8
4.4
79.5
20.5
Taliaferro
41.5
8.0
14.8
14.0
63.2
36.8
Taylor
48.4
4.9
45.1
38.3
39.0
6l.O
Terrell
27.1
13.8
39.0
39.6
34.2
65.8
Twiggs
153.0
^3.5
61.1
44.8
65.O
35.0
Upson
72.0
18.7
26.5
45.0
55.9
44.1
Warren
49.6
9.3
28.1
29.6
50.5
49.5
Washington
132.8
29.2
93.9
92.3
46.5
53.5
Webster
28.9
6.4
38.1
28.1
34.8
65.2
Wilkes
221.0
32.5
50.0
31.8
75.6
24.4
Wilkinson
1
127.1
46.9
152.5
208.1
32.5
67.5
Unit total
3,978.2
1,007.5
2,002.8
2,228.0
54.1
45.9
1 / Log scale, International l/4-inch rule.
33
Table 32. — Net volume^ of all timber by county, pulping species group, and tree
diameter group, 1952
(in thousand cords)
GROWING STOCK
County
Yellow pines
Other softwoods
Soft -text, hdwds.
Hard-text, hdwds.
All
species
5 - 12
inches
13 +
inches
5 - 12
inches
13 +
inches
5 - 12
inches
13 +
inches
5 - 12
inches
13 +
inches
Baldwin
303
97
89
22
59
32
602
Bibb
263
102
—
—
93
60
86
64
668
Bleckley
93
32
—
2
158
6l
4l
6l
448
Burke
271
234
28
42
561
404
102
124
1,766
Butts
318
63
--
—
90
89
67
35
662
Calhoun
91
44
11
7
174
89
68
56
540
Chattahoochee
376
407
—
--
164
55
48
47
1,097
Clay
Ikl
11
--
--
61
27
47
47
331*
Columbia
516
106
—
--
60
49
113
81
925
Crawford
429
109
—
—
100
53
36
60
787
Dougherty
169
90
93
29
47
71
77
152
728
Glascock
99
40
—
--
79
39
58
27
342
Greene
672
55
--
--
160
88
90
65
1,130
Hancock
681
51
--
—
240
176
151
35
l,33*t
Harris
899
158
—
4
209
53
85
48
1,456
Houston
219
145
15
23
301
297
100
196
1,296
Jasper
863
234
4
--
254
129
148
83
1,715
Jefferson
251
51
21
16
424
200
125
163
1,251
Jones
973
361
--
—
103
46
24
78
1,585
Lamar
271
46
—
--
71
15
43
17
463
Lee
168
57
4
2
69
57
56
64
477
Lincoln
323
26
--
--
31
26
33
18
457
McDuffie
362
33
—
—
155
126
31
8
715
Macon
2kl
119
—
221
311
99
152
1,1^3
Marion
352
23
—
—
207
122
59
73
836
Monroe
758
53
—
—
159
68
94
76
1,208
Morgan
550
63
—
—
195
162
131
46
1,147
Muscogee
256
234
—
—
134
39
56
20
739
Peach
117
44
—
—
77
35
33
27
333
Pike
171
25
2
—
49
42
12
8
309
Pulaski
117
103
3
18
70
73
34
43
46i
Putnam
888
241
—
—
110
56
78
43
l,4l6
Quitman
173
31
—
—
73
18
56
26
377
Randolph
233
24
—
—
346
191
45
50
889
Richmond
19k
75
9
15
172
144
69
65
743
Schley
231
12
—
2
95
64
30
22
456
Stewart
805
259
--
—
232
108
l4l
119
1,664
Sumter
173
47
—
5
202
276
99
75
877
Talbot
550
68
--
--
55
35
107
10
825
Taliaferro
408
34
—
—
88
38
49
8
625
Taylor
357
30
—
--
200
103
94
52
836
Terrell
57
45
34
12
296
115
31
43
633
Twiggs
511
191
—
--
132
114
217
95
1,260
Upson
372
96
—
—
93
23
74
128
786
Warren
261
37
—
—
122
74
81
40
615
Washington
540
169
3
--
232
199
206
168
1,517
Webster
134
30
--
—
142
69
63
56
494
Wilkes
1,548
181
--
--
263
57
230
99
2,378
Wilkinson
467
167
68
18
4l8
336
323
435
2,232
Unit total
19,215
4,953
295
195
8,076
5,1c1*
4,199
3,5^0
45,577
1 / Sound wood and bark.
- 3k -
of all timber by county, pulping species group, and tree-
diameter group, 1952 (cont'd.)
Table
32. --Net volumi
ei/
(in thousand cords)
OTHER MATERIAL
%
County
Yellow pines
Other softwoods
Soft -text, hdwds.
Hard-tex
t . hdwds .
All
species
5-12
inches
13 +
inches
5-12
inches
13 +
inches
5 - 12
inches
13 +
inches
5 - 12
inches
13 +
inches
Baldwin
40
2k
— —
—
13
12
28
14
131
Bibb
20
k
—
—
40
40
34
27
165
Bleckley
IT
6
1
—
84
43
49
62
262
Burke
47
80
--
—
198
305
99
171
900
Butts
24
5
—
—
6
25
7
10
77
Calhoun
3
2
—
—
75
76
35
126
317
Chattahoochee
81
98
—
—
69
33
31
18
330
Clay
18
9
—
2
19
20
54
65
187
Columbia
110
27
—
--
34
28
78
28
305
Crawford
42
25
—
—
39
58
65
57
286
Dougherty
25
20
8
—
2 L
48
44
155
324
Glascock
4
3
—
--
33
21
49
22
132
Greene
123
4
—
—
68
82
89
59
425
Hancock
82
9
—
__
55
69
54
38
307
Harris
199
68
--
—
115
96
204
125
807
Houston
11
6
--
--
154
l4l
47
104
463
Jasper
8?
54
—
1
22
39
84
42
329
Jefferson
51
30
8
--
138
194
149
146
716
Jones
119
68
—
--
62
34
30
59
372
Lamar
58
23
—
—
36
17
27
16
177
Lee
11
4
1
2
47
127
59
92
343
Lincoln
35
9
—
—
8
22
85
23
182
McDuffie
54
13
--
—
49
62
10
21
209
Macon
29
22
--
--
45
98
34
68
296
Marion
56
14
—
--
89
100
176
65
500
Monroe
131
43
—
—
36
64
59
37
370
Morgan
47
13
—
—
80
78
42
33
293
Muscogee
20
18
—
--
55
27
25
4l
186
Peach
5
6
—
--
15
12
8
5
51
Pike
62
20
—
--
29
40
30
13
194
Pulaski
5
28
—
--
37
94
15
78
257
Putnam
260
87
--
46
16
59
32
504
Quitman
36
16
—
--
25
17
38
75
207
Randolph
58
k6
—
—
10if
136
50
107
501
Richmond
33
9
—
—
99
125
46
34
346
Schley
20
16
--
--
19
32
21
9
117
Stewart
47
38
--
--
48
117
122
72
444
Sumter
9
--
—
—
31
106
34
44
224
Talbot
144
33
--
5
72
76
77
33
440
Taliaferro
54
6
—
--
19
19
35
16
149
Taylor
20
4
—
--
60
77
113
66
340
Terrell
26
6
2
--
67
73
77
58
309
Twiggs
59
29
—
—
67
165
60
117
b97
Upson
73
33
--
--
86
25
90
54
361
Warren
26
8
--
--
54
57
64
31
240
Washington
154
23
—
--
245
232
121
206
981
Webster
36
9
--
--
51
49
56
73
274
Wilkes
169
2k
--
--
44
56
44
128
465
Wilkinson
62
20
3
--
123
183
124
308
823
Unit total
2,902
1,162
23
14
3,034
3,666
3,031
3,283
17,H5
1 / Sound wood and bark.
35
Table 33* --Average annual sawtimber drain by county and species grou;
(in thousand board feet)
County
Pine
Other
softwoods
Soft -textured
hardwoods
Hard-textured
hardwoods
All
species
Baldwin
9,64l
97
106
9,844
Bibb
14,895
—
304
640
15,839
Bleckley
3,610
—
2,582
1,251
7,443
Burke
16,600
—
541
189
17,330
Butts
15,779
—
304
--
16,083
Calhoun
15,815
—
6,588
706
23,109
Chattahoochee
1,811
—
116
--
1,927
Clay
8,451
--
1,088
3,975
13,514
Columbia
16,425
—
3,163
—
19,588
Crawford
15,273
--
--
385
15,658
Dougherty
3,82k
—
912
4,146
8,882
Glascock
3,982
—
4,319
130
8,431
Greene
39,407
--
4,776
--
44,183
Hancock
26,197
—
1,805
—
28,002
Harris
40,861
—
1,579
--
42,440
Houston
9,353
427
1,019
3,190
13,989
Jasper
29,882
—
—
3,092
32,974
Jefferson
21,215
—
6,425
—
27,640
Jones
23,253
—
3,606
1,798
28,657
Lamar
12,628
--
4,079
1,307
18,014
Lee
2,637
—
2,038
2,137
6,812
Lincoln
12,572
—
273
--
12,845
McDuffie
7,750
—
3, 419
—
11,169
Macon
10,136
—
2,757
—
12,893
Marion
19,120
--
953
128
20,201
Monroe
12,233
—
1,680
--
13,913
Morgan
54,951
—
3,124
320
58,395
Muscogee
9,661
—
275
96
10,032
Peach
4,205
—
445
98
4,748
Pike
20,904
—
9,593
782
31,279
Pulaski
7,511
—
5,639
—
13,150
Putnam
8,439
586
204
9,229
Quitman
10,063
—
1,862
3,365
15,290
Randolph
9,718
—
13,274
1,133
24,125
Richmond
4,761
241
4,831
1,269
11,102
Schley
10,580
--
—
—
10,580
Stewart
15,670
—
1,267
--
16,937
Sumter
22,952
—
2,353
—
25,305
Talbot
21,013
—
9,816
—
30,829
Taliaferro
12,394
—
—
173
12,567
Taylor
9,448
—
13,877
2,173
25,498
Terrell
3,097
—
7,350
—
10,447
Twiggs
41,780
452
2,956
1,497
46,685
Upson
10,111
—
2,197
--
12,308
Warren
19,836
—
6,99^
—
26,830
Washington
38,861
—
13,536
3,608
56,005
Webster
5,501
—
4,375
872
10,748
Wilkes
42,081
—
10,591
--
52,672
Wilkinson
10,062
--
2,36k
15,970
28,396
Unit total
786,949
1,120
171,728
54,740
1,014,537
l/ Estimates of timber drain by county are less accurate than inventory volumes, and
use of individual county statistics should be avoided. For general use, data for a minimum
of 10 counties should be combined.
36
Table 34. — Average annual drain on growing stock by county and species grou;
(in thousand cords)
County
Pine
Other
softwoods
Soft-textured
hardwoods
Hard-textured
hardwoods
All
species
Baldwin
32
« —
1
1
34
Bibb
46
--
1
3
50
Bleckley
10
—
9
4
23
Burke
45
--
5
3
53
Butts
46
--
1
--
47
Calhoun
4?
__
19
2
68
Chattahoochee
5
--
1
__
6
Clay
23
—
3
11
37
Columbia
45
—
9
1
55
Crawford
4?
--
--
1
48
Dougherty
16
--
2
13
31
Glascock
14
—
11
--
25
Greene
131
—
15
--
146
Hancock
87
—
11
2
100
Harris
139
—
4
3
146
Houston
22
1
3
8
34
Jasper
105
—
--
8
113
Jefferson
58
—
17
--
75
Jones
94
--
18
8
120
Lamar
37
--
11
6
54
Lee
7
--
5
6
18
Lincoln
47
--
1
—
48
McDuffie
26
--
9
—
35
Macon
30
—
7
--
37
Marion
52
—
5
2
59
Monroe
37
--
5
--
42
Morgan
177
—
8
2
187
Muscogee
34
—
3
1
38
Peach
11
--
1
--
12
Pike
58
—
26
4
88
Pulaski
19
--
14
--
33
Putnam
27
--
5
3
35
Quitman
26
—
6
9
4l
Randolph
25
—
36
3
64
Richmond
20
1
13
3
37
Schley
36
—
--
36
Stewart
50
--
4
--
54
Sumter
62
--
7
--
69
Talbot
71
--
38
1
110
Taliaferro
60
--
__
1
6l
Taylor
32
--
33
5
70
Terrell
8
—
19
--
27
Twiggs
115
1
8
4
128
Upson
33
—
7
--
40
Warren
67
--
18
__
85
Washington
106
—
35
10
151
Webster
16
—
11
2
29
Wilkes
139
--
26
__
165
Wilkinson
30
--
7
40
77
Unit total
2,470
3
498
170
3, 1*H
1 / Estimates of timber drain by county are less accurate than inventory volumes, and
use of individual county statistics should be avoided. For general use, data for a mini-
mum of 10 counties should be combined.
37
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Land-Use Classes
Forest land: Includes (a) lands which are at least 10 percent stocked with
trees of any size and capable of producing sawtimber or other wood products,
and (b) lands from which the trees described in (a) have been removed to
less than 10-percent stocking but which have not been developed for other
use; subdivided into the following classes:
Commercial: Forest land which is (a) producing, or physically cap-
able of producing, usable crops of wood (usually sawtimber), (b)
economically available now or in the future, and (c) not withdrawn
from timber use*
Noncommer c ial : Forest land (a) withdrawn from timber utilization
through statute, ordinance, or administrative order but which other-
wise qualifies as commercial forest land, and (b) incapable of yield-
ing usable wood products (usually sawtimber) because of adverse site
conditions, or so physically inaccessible as to be unavailable econ-
omically in the foreseeable future.
Nonf orest land: Includes land in any of the following classes:
Active agriculture: Land under cultivation or in pasture including
farm yards and work lots.
Pasture : Land under fence used primarily for grazing purposes where
the timber has been cleared to less than 10-percent stocking and a
real attempt to produce a sod has been made.
Idle agriculture: Land previously cultivated or pastured but now
idle or abandoned and having less than a 10-percent stocking of for-
est trees.
Marsh: Low, wet areas characterized by a heavy growth of grass and
reeds and an absence of timber a
Urban and other areas: Includes towns, residential and industrial
suburban areas, school yards, cemeteries, roads, railroads, power
lines, and other rights-of-way.
Water: Includes lakes, bays, and estuaries over 40 acres in size, and
streams, canals, and sloughs at least one-eighth of a mile in width which
are classed as "inland water" by the Bureau of the Census, Smaller lakes
and ponds between one acre and 40 acres in size, and waterways between
120 feet and 66 0 feet in width, which are classed as land area by the
Bureau of the Census, are also included as water areas.
- 38
Forest Types
Forest type is determined on the basis of cubic volume for all
stand sizes except seedlings and saplings (stand size 4), in which case
the number of stems are the criteria.
Pine types: Forests in which 50 percent or more of the stand is
in pine species. Plurality of volume or number of trees is used
to determine the specific type.
Oak-pine type: Forests in which 50 percent or more of the stand
is hardwood, usually upland oaks, but in which southern yellow
pines make up 25-49 percent of the stand*
Oak -hickory type
Upland hardwood: Forests in which 50 percent or more of
the stand is composed of upland' oak, hickory, yellow-poplar,
maple, gum, and other hardwoods, except where pines comprise
25-49 percent of the stand*
Scrub oak: Upland forests in which 50 percent or more of
the stand is composed of scrub oak species, except where
pines comprise 25-49 percent of the stand.
Oak-gum-cypress type
Lowland hardwood: Bottomland forests in which 50 percent or
more of the stand is tupelo, blackgum, sweetgum, ash, oak,
elm, maple, and associated species, except where pines com-
prise 25-49 percent of the stand.
Cypress : Bottomland forests in which 50 percent or more of
the stand is cypress, except where pines comprise 25-49 per-
cent of the stand.
Stand-Size Classes
Sawtimber: Stands containing at least 1,500 board feet net volume per acre,
l/4-inch log rule, in sound, live, softwood trees 9*0 inches d.b.h, or lar-
ger, or hardwood trees 11,0 inches d*b*h. or larger. Two classes of saw-
timber stands are recognized:
Large s awt imb e r : Stands of sawtimber having more than 50 perctent of
the net board-foot volume in trees 15.0 inches d.b.h. or larger 0
Small sawtimber: Stands of sawtimber having 50 percent or less of the
net board-foot volume in trees 15.0 inches d0bsh, or larger.
- 39 -
Poletimber ; Stands failing to meet the minimum sawtimber specifications,
hut at least 10-percent stocked with trees 5*0 inches d,b3h. or larger and
with at least half the minimum stocking in pole-size trees.
Seedling and saplings : Stands not qualifying as sawtimber or poletimber
stands, but having at least a 10-percent stocking of trees of commercial
species and with half the minimum stocking in seedlings and saplings*
Nonstocked and other areas: Forest areas not qualifying as sawtimber,
poletimber, or seedling and sapling stands.
Diameters
D,b,hc (diameter at breast height): Stem diameter in inches, outside bark,
measured at 4=1/2 feet above the ground.
Diameter class: All trees were tallied by 2-inch diameter classes, each
class including diameters 1.0 inch below and 0.9 inch above the stated mid-
point, e.g., trees 7*0 to and including 8.9 inches are included in the 8-
inch class. Corresponding limits apply to other diameter classes.
Timber Quality Classification
Growing Stock
Sawtimber trees: Live softwood trees at least 9®0 inches d.b,h0
and hardwood trees at least 11.0 inches d.b.h., with not less than
one merchantable log 12 feet long, or with less than 5 0 percent of
the gross volume of the tree in sound sawtimber.
Poletimber trees; Straight -boled trees between 5=0 inches d.b.h.
and sawtimber size.
Sapling-size trees: Trees 1.0 inch to A. 9 inches d.b.ho which will
grow into poletimber or sawtimber size trees of sound quality.
Other Material
Sound cull trees : Live trees of all sizes that are unmerchantable
for sawlogs now or prospectively because of species, poor form, ex-
cessive limbiness, or other sound defect.
Rotten cull trees: Live trees of all sizes that are unmerchantable
for sawlogs now or prospectively because of rotten defect.
Hardwood limbs: The limb volume of all hardwood sawtimber and cull
trees to a minimum diameter of 4*0 inches inside bark.
- 40
Species Groups
Yellow pines : Includes longleaf, slash, loblolly, pond, and shortleaf
pine ,
Other softwoods : Pondcypress, baldcypress, eastern redcedar, and At-
lantic white cedar*
Soft -textured hardwoods: Black and tupelo- gum, yellow-poplar, sweetgum,
cottonwood, soft maple, basswood, magnolia, sweetbay, and willow.
Hard-textured hardwoods : All of the oaks, hickories, ash, beech, elm,
river birch, hackberry, sycamore, black locust, mulberry, black walnut,
holly, dogwood, and persimmon,
Volume Estimates
Board-foot volume; The volume in board feet, measured by the Interna-
tional l/4-inch rule, exclusive of defect, of that portion of sound saw-
timber trees between the stump and the upper limit of merchantability for
sawlogs .
Volume in cords: For sound trees the volume in standard cords (including
bark) of the sound portion of trees 5-0 inches dcb.h£ and larger, between
stump and a minimum top-stem diameter of 4 0 inches inside bark., Similar
volumes are given for cull trees. The volume in limbs, in sections four
feet long and at least 4.0 inches in diameter inside bark, of all saw-
timber size hardwoods is shown separately.
Volume in cubic feet: Same as volume shown in cords except bark is not
included.
International l/4-inch log rule: A rule for estimating the board-foot vol-
ume of 4-foot log sections, according to the formula V = ,905 (0=22D2 - 0e71D)
The taper allowance for computing the volume in log lengths greater than
four feet is 0*5 inch per 4-foot section. Allowance for saw kerf is l/4 inch.
Standard cord: A stacked pile, 4x4x8 feet, of round or split bolts,
estimated to contain, on the average, about 73 cubic feet of solid wood,
- 41 -
Stocking
Stocking is the extent to which growing space is effectively utilized
by trees. The number of stems present by dab.h. classes was used as a basis
for stocking classification. Areas having the minimum numbers of trees
listed below, either in a single diameter class or proportionately in any
combinations of diameter classes, were considered fully stocked.
D.b.h.
Minimum number
trees per acre
Seedlings
1,000
2 inches
800
4 inches
590
6 inches
l+oo
8 inches
240
10 inches
155
12 inches
115
14 inches
90
Growth and Drain
Net growth . - -The estimated volume of net growth includes the growth on the
present growing stock plus the ingrowth accrual resulting from smaller
trees reaching volume size. It excludes mortality, or loss of volume in
trees dying from natural causes. Net growth estimates are based on the
volume or number of sound trees. Other material is not included.
In board feet: The change during the calendar year in sawtimber
volume resulting from growth, ingrowth, and mortality losses.
In cubic feet or cords: The change during the calendar year in the
volume of all sound trees 5*0 inches and larger resulting from
growth, ingrowth, and mortality losses.
Timber drain. --The volume of timber drain is based on the measurement and
tally of stumps found on regular ground sample plots. Stumps of all trees
cut during the past three -year period are recorded and the measurements are
converted into equivalent tree volume. The average volume of drain for the
three-year period is then taken as the annual estimate. Board-foot drain
volumes include the sawlog portion of all sawtimber size trees which were
cut. Drain in cubic feet or cords includes the entire stem from stump to
4.0-inch top of all sound trees 5*0 inches in diameter and larger.
- 42 -
RELIABILITY OF FOREST SURVEY DATA
In general , the errors which affect the accuracy of Forest Survey
area and timber volume estimates arise from two sources. These may be
described as (l) sampling errors which result from using sampling pro-
cedures rather than making a complete inventory or canvass, and (2) non-
sampling errors which arise from human mistakes in judgment, measurement,
recording, or arithmetic.
In Forest Survey work a diligent effort is made to maintain a high
degree of accuracy in the collection and compilation of data. The samp-
ling errors are held to a specified minimum through survey design and
sampling technique. These errors are the only measurable errors involved
in computing the reliability of the data. The nonsampling errors are mini-
mized or eliminated through training, supervision, field check cruises, and
complete editing and machine verification in compiling the data.
Forest area. --The sampling intensity of the 1952 survey was suffi-
cient to provide an estimate of the total forest acreage in the Unit with
a standard error of +0.4 percentc The probabilities are two out of three
that the estimated forest acreage is within +0.4 percent of the actual
acreage .
Cubic volume* --The standard error of the 1952 net cubic-foot volume
in the Unit was ±2.0 percent. Here again, the probabilities are two out of
three that the estimated volume does not vary from the actual volume by more
than this percentage. The standard error of the volume in cords was not com-
puted but it should be approximately the same.
Board-foot volume^ --The standard error of the 1952 estimate of board-
foot volume in the Unit was +2.3 percent.
Use of county data. --The tables showing area and timber volumes by
county are included to permit grouping of the data in any desired combina-
tions. The survey was designed- so that the number of sample plots taken in
each county would provide an estimate of the timber volume in cubic feet
which would not exceed ±15 percent. The actual range of error of the cubic
volume estimates by county is from ±11Q2 percent to ±l4„ 9 percent. The er-
rors of board-foot volume estimates by county range from +11.5 percent to
±18.0 percent, and of forest area from ±5 .6 percent to +12.0 percent.
In spite of the accuracy limit set on volume estimates by county, com-
parison of individual county statistics may be subject to considerable error
and should be avoided. Grouping the data for a number of counties will in-
crease the reliability and make the combined estimates sufficiently accurate
for general use. For example, grouping the growing stock volume data for
four counties with errors ranging from 11 to 15 percent resulted in a total
volume estimate with only 7 percent error,.
- 43 -
HOW THE FOREST INVENTORY IS MADE
The present system of inventory is a two-step method which includes
land-use classification of points on aerial photographs followed by the
cruising of ground sample plots. The county is the basic work unit. The
detailed procedure is as follows:
1. Preliminary estimates of the acreage of
land in forests and other land-use classes
are obtained by classifying points printed
on every third aerial photograph in alter-
nate flight lines within a county. The pro-
portion of points falling in each class is
used to estimate the acreage. This estimate
is later checked and revised through the use
of ground plots .
2. Ground sample plots are selected in a
systematic manner from the forest land clas-
sifications made in Step 1, using an interval
which will provide sufficient plots to meet
established limits of error per billion cubic
feet of timber. This results in a proportion-
al sample of all existing timber stands. Tim-
ber cruisers make a detailed description and
tally of the ground plots to obtain data on
timber volume, quality, stocking, and mortal-
ity. Samples of agricultural and other photo
classifications are also checked on the ground
to verify or adjust the area estimates based
on these classifications.
3. Growth estimates are based on increment
borings taken proportionally from sample trees
of various diameters and species in each for-
est type and stand class. The volume of tim-
ber drain is computed from a tally of the
stumps of trees cut on the plots during a
specified period.
4. All field data are sent to
Asheville for editing and are
placed on punch cards for ma-
chine sorting and tabulation.
Final estimates are based on
statistical summaries of the
data.
- 44
No. 21 - 1945 Pulpwood Production by County in the Carolinas and Virginia
No. 22 - Southern Forests as a Source of Pulpwood
No. 23 - 1946 Pulpwood Production by County in the Southeast
No. 24 - Southern Pulpwood Production and the Timber Supply
No. 25 - Forest Resources of the Lower Coastal Plain of South Carolina
No. 26 - 1946 Commodity Drain by County from South Carolina Forests
No. 27 - 1947 Pulpwood Production by County in the Southeast
No. 28 - South Carolina's Forest Resources , 1947
No. 29 - 1948 Pulpwood Production by County in. the Southeast
No. 30 - Forest Resources of Northeast Florida, 1949
No. 31 - Forest Resources of Central Florida 1949
No. 32 - Forest Resources of Northwest Florida, 1949
No. 33 - Forest Resources of South Florida, 1949
No. 3^ “ Timber Production and Commodity Drain from Florida's Forests,
1948
No. 36 - Forest Statistics for Florida, 1949
No. 37 - Forest Statistics for Southwest Georgia, 1951
No. 38 - 1951 Pulpwood Production in the South-
No. 39 - Forest Statistics for Southeast Georgia, 1952
OTHER BULLETINS
Pulpwood Production in the South, 1950* Forest Survey Release No. 69
1952 Pulpwood Production in the South. Forest . Survey -Release No. 72
Virginia Forest Resources and Industries, 1949. U. S. Dept. Agr. Misc.
Pub. No. 68l
The Timber Supply Outlook in South Carolina, 1951* U. S. Dept„ Agr.
Resource Report No. 3
The Timber Supply Situation in Florida, 1952. U. S. Dept. Agr. Resource
Report No. 6
Agriculture — Asheville
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