Historic, Archive Document
Do not assume content reflects current
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FPM 93-14
September 1993
Pesticides used improperly can be injurious to human beings, animals,
and plants. Follow the directions and heed ail precautions on labels. Store
pesticides in original containers under lock and key—out of the reach of
children and animals—and away from food and feed.
Apply pesucides so that they do not endanger humans, livestock, crops,
beneficial insects, fish, and wildlife. Do not apply pesticides where there
is danger of dnft when honey bees or other pollinating insects are visiting
plants, or in ways that may contaminate water or leave illegal residues.
Avoid prolonged inhalation of pesticide sprays or dusts; wear protective
clothing and equipment, if specified on the label.
If your hands become contaminated with a pesticide, do not eat or drink
until you have washed. In case a pesticide is swallowed or gets in the eyes,
follow the first aid treatment given on the label, and get prompt medical
attention. If a pesticide is spilled on your skin or clothing, remove clothing
immediately and wash skin thoroughly.
NOTE: Some States have restrictions on the use of
certain pesticides. Check your State and local regulations.
Also, because registrations of pesticides are under constant
review by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency,
consult your local forest pathologist, county agriculture
agent, or State extension specialist to be sure the intended
use is sull registered.
FPM 93-14
September 1993
Sixth Report
National Steering
Committee for Management
of Western Defoliators
Prepared by:
John W. Barry
Chairperson
USDA Forest Service
Forest Pest Management
2121C Second Street
Davis, CA 95616
(916)551-1715
FAX (916)757-8383
SIXTH REPORT
National Steering Committee -
For Management of Western Defoliators
A Report of the West Sacramento, CA
Meeting - August 24-25, 1993
September 23, 1993
USDA Forest Service
Washington Office/Forest Pest Management
2121 C 2nd Street
Davis, CA 95616
(916) 758-4600
(916)551-1715
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IV.
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
A. Place and Purpose of Meeting
B. Attendees
Ge Strategic Plan - Healthy Forests
for America's Future
De Review 1992 Recommendations
COMMITTEE REPORTS
As Sub-Committee Reports
By Member Reports
DISCUSSION OF NATIONAL NEEDS
A. National Needs and Priorities
Be Other Needs and Issues
STRATEGIC/TACTICAL PLAN DISCUSSION
A. Purpose
B. Background
Ge Program Elements, Goals, and Actions
By Format of Plan
SUMMARY
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APPENDICES
A. Agenda
B.. FPM Strategic Planning
Gis Non-Target Sub-Committee Report
D. Registered Pesticides and Labels
E. Technology Development Needs - Letter to WO
Fe 1995 Farm Bill Issues - Letter to WO
G. Strategic/Tactical Planning Documents
H? Member Reports
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INTRODUCTION
A. Place and Purpose of Meeting
The Committee met at West Sacramento, CA, on August 24-25, 1993 to
discuss and list technology development needs and to develop a
Strategic/Tactical Plan for managing western defoliators. We were
successful in realizing meeting objectives. The committee
enthusiastically pursued discussions of the draft Strategic/Tactical Plan
and actively participated in incorporating identified needs into goal and
action statements.
B. Attendees
Jack Barry
Dayle Bennett
Nancy Campbell
Dave Grimble
Bruce Hostetler
Ladd Livingston
Richard Reardon
Dave Rising
Sheri Smith
Julie Weatherby
John Wenz
WO/FPM (Davis, CA)
FPM (Albuquerque, NM)
FPM (Missoula, MT)
PNW Res. Sta. (Corvallis, OR)
FPM (Portland, OR)
Idaho Department of Lands
(Coeur d'Alene, ID)
NA/NCFH (Morgantown, WV)
MTDC (Missoula, MT)
FPM (Sonora, CA)
FPM (Boise, ID)
FPM (Sonora, CA)
C. Strategic Plan - Healthy Forests for America's Future
We reviewed the goals of the forest health strategic plan,
distributed copies to attendees, and discussed this plan in the
context of the Strategic/Tactical Plan for managing western
defoliators. We also discussed the relationship of these referenced
plans to ecosystem management and other FPM plans, and discussed the
conceptual diagram enclosed in Appendix B that projects a
relationship of FPM planning activities. These discussions served a
‘'useful purpose in setting the stage for the two day meeting.
D. Review 1992 Recommendations
We reviewed the committee's 1992 recommendations and deferred
discussions until sub-committee and member reports were presented.
Le COMMITTEE REPORTS
A. Sub-Committee Reports
1. Strategic/Tactical Plan for management of Western Defoliators.
John Wenz presented a revised draft of the Strategic/Tactical Plan
for Management of Western Defoliators (see Appendix G). The plan has
4 main elements as follows:
Functions/interactions of Defoliators in Western Forest Ecosystem
Dynamics
Population Evaluation
Management
Technology Transfer
2. Registered Pesticides for Western Defoliators
Julie Weatherby presented a listing of insecticides that are
registered for control of western defoliators. The packet includes
specimen insecticide labels of the listed insecticides. Our special
thanks to Julie and Sheri Smith for their hard work in producing this
excellent reference. This will be published as a supplement to this
report.
3. Impact of Biological Insecticides on Non-Target Insects
Dick Reardon provided an inclusive summary of US and Canadian
activities on impact of Bt on non-target species (see Appendix C).
This will be published as a joint AIPM and defoliator steering
committee report. The committee extends its appreciation to Dick
Reardon and Steve Munson and their cooperators for assembling the
bibliography.
B. Member Reports
Reports of committee members are enclosed in Appendix H. In addition
to these committee reports there is a Technology Development Progress
Report (R4-91-100) and work plan by Lonne Sower on use of synthetic
pheromone to disrupt Douglas-fir tussock moth mating.
III. DISCUSSION OF NATIONAL NEEDS
A. National Needs And Priorities
The Committee identified 19 needs and prioritized the list through
member voting. Those with the highest priority are listed below
along with the number of votes each received.
Study natural roles and effects of major western defoliators and
their natural enemies on resources. (6 votes)
Pursue DFTM pheromone registration for mating disruption. This
need includes all activities necessary to obtain registration.
(5 votes)
Identify data needs that prevent ecosystem management of WSBW.
(5 votes)
Enhance and adapt WSBW and DFTM population dynamics model for use
in the Forest Planning Process. (5 votes)
Evaluate TM Biocontrol-1l potency on wild populations collected
from different geographical areas. (4 votes)
Explore silvicultural options for prevention of unacceptable
effects caused by defoliators. (4 votes)
Develop DFTM pheromone application technology for formulations
and delivery. (4 votes)
Evaluate impact of Bt on non-target species, conduct field
inventories and develop methodologies. (3 votes)
Evaluate Entotech carrier for TM Biocontrol-1l. (3 votes)
Conduct field tests of DFTM pheromone to evaluate treatment
timing in an outbreak cycle. (2 votes)
Develop and evaluate a tree hazard rating system for WSBW and
DFTM. (2 votes)
Examine long-range forecasting of pest populations using
pheromone technology and other methods. (2 votes)
Evaluate effects and impact of a selected WSBW outbreak using a
current outbreak by collecting, analyzing, and reporting data.
(2 votes)
Develop a sampling system for hemlock looper.
Validate and calibrate WSBW damage model. Evaluate the
capabilities and limitations of the WSBW population dynamics
model.
Evaluate natural enemies on DFTM populations.
Develop procedures to assist in the decision making process and
to plan and implement a spray project.
Examine effects of larval feeding and defoliation on Douglas-fir
seed production.
B. Other Needs and Issues
Evaluate the DFTM early warning system to improve predictability
and efficiency of the systen.
Long-term monitoring of permanent plots is a problem due to
retirements, changes in management, reorganizations, changing
priorities, etc.
Emphasize prevention and seek funding.
Pursue cooperation with National Center for Forest Health.
Provide a national contact point for information on forest-use
pesticides and labels.
Need an expert system for information on biology, behavior,
impact, management, etc. of major forest defoliators.
Need processes for economic, biological, and socio/political
analysis to support forest manager decisions.
Need to determine what we want WO/FPM/MAG to provide field from
the DFTM database.
Need a resource directory that lists FPM and FIDR scientists -
their speciality and interests. Such a directory would be useful
in identifying specialists for specific questions that come from
the public and private sector.
Pest models need to be evaluated, improved, used, or scrapped.
Need to evaluate needs related to hardwood defoliators.
IV: STRATEGIC / TACTICAL PLAN DISCUSSION
A.
Purpose
The purpose of this Strategic/Tactical Plan (Plan) is to support the
FPM Technology Development process by establishing a system of
identifying goals and actions that support Forest Pest Management's
strategic (long-range) and tactical (short-range) direction and goals
to protect the health of America's forests. The scope of the Plan is
primarily limited to managing western defoliators with the FPM
Program. Basic research cannot be separated and for this reason,
research, as essential to accomplishing the goals, is included in the
Plan. In this context the Plan, therefore, becomes a rationale,
logical, and sequential system to achieve stated goals. It provides
management a roadmap and an instrument to monitor progress.
Background
The evolution of the FPM Technology Development Program is one of
continued effort to improve its process, efficiency, productivity,
and accountability. Prior to establishing national steering
committees in 1988 the process of managing the technology
development, or special projects, was generally undefined, focused on
the near-term, lacked prudent accountability and was not tied to
strategic goals. Given those shortcomings the program was productive
but clearly there was the need for improvement. Each year since 1988
the FPM Technology Development Program has been improved to address
its new needs and opportunities. Suggestions and support from field
units, the FPM National Steering Committees, and availability of a WO
Staff Scientist to manage the Program have contributed to an
effective FPM Technology Development Program.
The National Steering Committee for Managing western defoliators and
the other FPM National Steering Committees, were asked in 1993 by the
Director, FPM to prepare 5-Year Tactical Plans. The plans are to
specify short-term needs within a 5-Year span that are of high
priority and consistent with strategic forest health planning. The
relationship of national steering committee tactical forest health
and ecosystem management planning is outlined on the enclosed figure
(not available on DG version of this report). The figure clearly
identifies the role and relationship of the steering committee in
support of forest health and ecosystem management.
Program Elements, Goals, and Actions
This committee identified 4 Program Elements that cover all proposed
activities with the Strategic/Tactical Plan. If the need does not
fit one of these categories, it is likely beyond the scope of this
committee and its plan. The categories are:
Functions/Interactions of Defoliators in Western Forest Ecosystem
Dynamics
Population Evaluation
Management
Technology Transfer
Within these categories, activities would include basic research,
applied research, development, demonstrations, operations, and
technology transfer. Under current law FPM is prohibited from
funding basic research, but FPM can appropriately coordinate needs
with researchers and form partnerships to address research needs that
affect tactical planning goals.
Format of Plan
We have chosen a format that does not include a vision or mission
statement to be consistent with the Chief's direction of one Forest
Service vision and mission statement. Each Element is described by a
Goal statement, followed by Action items to accomplish the goal, and
a Rationale that clarifies and expands upon the Action, explaining
why the Action is important and how it relates to the Goal. In
case there is need for sub-actions, we can refer to these as
Strategies in future updates of the plan. Each Action and Strategy
will be assigned a time for completion with a 5-year to 7-year span.
SUMMARY
The National Steering Committee for Management of Western Defoliators
met at West Sacramento, CA, August 24-25, 1993. The primary purpose of
the meeting was to identify and prioritize FPM Technology Development
Program needs and to develop the format and goals of a Strategic/Tactical
Plan for managing Western Defoliators. This was a very productive
meeting with each member giving a report on activities over the past year
and actively participating in developing the Strategic/Tactical Plan.
Needs identified during the meeting were integrated into the draft
Strategic/Tactical Plan that had been drafted by John Wenz and his
sub-committee. Ladd Livingston volunteered to host the next meeting
April 12-13, 1994 in Spokane, WA, and the Sheraton Hotel has been booked
for our meeting. Meanwhile committee members will continue to develop
the Plan.
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Appendix A
Agenda
August 24
0800
1700
August Dis)
0800
1700
AGENDA
National Steering Committee -
Western Defoliators
West Sacramento, CA
24-25 August 1993
Topic
INTRODUCTION
Purpose of Meeting
Expectations
STRATEGIC PLAN - HEALTHY
FORESTS FOR AMERICA'S
FUTURE
REVIEW 1992 MEETING
Recommendations
Follow-up activities
SUB-COMMITTEE REPORTS
Strategic Plan for
Management of Western
Deftolilators
Registered Pesticides for
Western Defoliators
Impact of Biological Insecticides
on Non-Target Insects
MEMBER REPORTS AND NEEDS
Adjournment
TACTICAL PLAN
Definition, Purpose, Format, & Sample
Relationship to Strategic Plans
List of Needs, Projects/Tasks
Priorities
Goals and Actions
Adjournment
Die aktat
(8-20-93)
Discussant
Jack Barry
Jack Barry
Jack Barry
Members
John Wenz
Julie Weatherby
Dick Reardon
Members
Jack Barry
Members
Members
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FPM Strategic Planning
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TALKING POINTS ON FOREST HEALTH STRATEGIC PLAN
New plan available
The Chief's new forest health strategic plan is now available and will be
mailed to the Regional Foresters, Area Director, Station Directors, and
State Foresters in the next 2 weeks.
Relationship to 1988 plan
The new plan builds on the Chief's 1988 forest health strategic plan.
It continues the goals in the 1988 plan with new actions and adds new goals
and actions for forest health restoration, management of introduced pests
(like the gypsy moth), exclusion of exotic pests (for example, those that
might be brought in with proposed log shipments from Russia or elsewhere),
and international cooperation in forest health.
Purpose
The principle purpose of the plan is to further strengthen agency policies
and direction for responding to forest health problems.
Major concerns addressed in the plan are the forests where ecological
conditions have been or ate being altered resulting in increased
susceptibility to drought, pest epidemics, and wildfire. Other significant
concerns are introduced pests and pest and wildfire problems in the
urban-wildland interface.
The plan also responds to continuing Congressional and public concern about
forest health, incorporates ecosystem management and an expanded
international role, and renews the agency's committment to protecting and
restoring forest health.
The plan identifies the major forest health concerns facing the country at
this time and identifies the actions we need to take as an agency and with
our partners to address these concerns.
Concerns closely related to forest health, for example, those related to
protection of grasslands and wetlands are not addressed in this plan.
Major differences between this plan and the old plan
This plan specifically addresses forest health restoration, introduced
pests, problems in the urban-wildland interface, and international
forestry.
The pelationship offize reolforest healthiireceives much more attention.
Research programs are fully integrated.
Responsibility for plan development and implementation
The plan was developed under the direction of the W.0. Forest Health
Steering Committee and the Ecosystem Management Task Team on Forest Health.
An implementation plan is now being developed.
Implementation requires joint action by a cross-section of Washington
Office staffs in State and Private Forestry, Research, National Forest
System, Programs and Legislation, and the Public Affairs Office.
The Chief has asked Al West and Jim Space to work with the other W.O.
Deputies and Staffs to implement the new plan.
Role of the Regions, Area and Stations
The strengthening of national policies and direction will, in turn, enable
the Regions, Area, and Stations to strengthen their plans and programs and
better integrate forest health into planning and decision making.
Relationship to ecosystem management
The plan emphasizes the strong tie between ecosystem management and forest
health.
Considering the ecological significance of pests and wildfire is a key part
of ecosystem management and will lead to fewer forest health problems in
the future.
Relationship to land management planning
In this plan, like the 1988 plan, a desired state of forest health is a
condition where biotic and abiotic influences on the forest (for example,
pests, atmosheric deposition, silvicultural treatments, and harvesting
practices) do not threaten resource management objectives now or in the
future.
This description links forest health to the formal land management planning
process for the National Forest System.
The plan recognizes the critical need to integrate forest health as part of
ecosystem management into the next round of forest plan revisions and
forest plan implementation.
Recommendations in the plan will help ensure that forest health is a
consideration in the LMP directives and the prototype forest plans.
Sitates role
Forest health problems extend across jurisdictions and ownerships.
Coordinated action is necessary.
The National Association of State Foresters participated in development of
the plan.
The plan will strengthen Forest Service-State cooperative programs
including the Cooperative Forest Health Program, Cooperative Fire
Protection Program, Forest Health Monitoring Program, Forest Stewardship
Program, and Urban and Community Forestry Program.
Relationship to Other Initiatives
Region/Area/Station initiatives are addressing on-the-ground needs using a
variety of management strategies and practices, whereas this plan addresses
national direction and policy needs.
The plan, by strengthening national direction and policies will complement
Region/Area/Station forest health initiatives already underway. It does not
take the place of regional programs, plans, or policies and regional
initiatives underway should proceed at the same time national directions
and policies are being strengthened.
Relationship to Forest Service Mission
The Forest Service mission includes "Advocating a conservation ethic in
promoting the health, productivity, diversity, and beauty of forests and
associated, lands.“
STRATEGIC GOALS
There are 12 strategic goals in the updated plan. Eight were carried
forward from the 1988 plan and four additional goals were added to address
new concerns
fo) PLANNING
The ecological significance of pests and wildfire is considered in all
forest resource management planning processes.
fo) PREVENTION
Susceptibility to pests is decreased by applying available forest
management options.
fe) SUPPRESSION
Pest suppression and fire control options and funding are available to
meet resource management objectives.
O ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
Program-level National Environmental Policy Act documents are
available prior to outbreaks of major pests.
O PESTICIDES
Environmentally acceptible pesticdes are available to protect forest
values and achieve resource management objectives.
FOREST PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY
Effective, economical, and environmentally acceptible forest
protection technologies are available to meet forest resource
management objectives.
FOREST HEALTH MONITORING
A Forest Health Monitoring Program is eventually established
nationwide, and provides information on forest conditions and trends
for formulation of national policy.
FOREST HEALTH RESTORATION
Those forests that have suffered recent severe mortality from drought,
pests, and wildfire are eventually restored to sustainable and
productive condition, and other forests highly susceptible to this
same kind of event are treated to avert similar damage.
MANAGEMENT OF INTRODUCED FOREST PESTS
Plans and capabilities exist to limit spread or eradicate newly
introduced forest pests, and to minimize ecosystem disruption from
pests that have already been introduced or may be introduced in the
future.
EXCLUSION’ OF EXOTIC: FOREST) PESTS
Plans and policies are developed and applied to prevent additional
forest pest introductions into the United States.
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN FOREST HEALTH PROTECTION
Forest health protection is recognized as a problem requiring
international cooperation, common interests are identified with other
countries, and long-term relationships are developed to amintain and
protect forest health worldwide.
PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT
The public is informed about current forest health conditions and the
role of pests and wildfire in forest ecosystems, and accepts and
supports measures needed to restore and protect forests.
Appendix CG
Non-Target Sub-Committee
Dick Reardon
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Reply to: 1350 Date: August 19, 1993
Subject: FY93 Report of Non-target Impact Subcommittee
To: Jack Barry
Chairman, Eastern and Western Defoliator Nat’l Steering Committees
Overview
FY91 -- At the 1991 meeting (September 10-11, Blacksburg, VA) of the National
Steering Committee for Managing Gypsy Moth and Eastern Defoliators, three
subcommittees were formed: Pilot Training, Non-target Impact, and Canopy
Characterization. In a letter (September 17, 1991) you requested that I chair
the Non-target Impact subcommittee and include as subcommittee members: Leo
Cadogan, FPMI/Canada and Steve Munson, R-4/FPM. In a follow up letter (March
10, 1992) you suggested two additional members: Dave Grimble, R-6/PNW and
Dayle Bennett, R-3/FPM, and identified the charge of the subcommittee: to
identify what is known and data gaps about the impacts of Bt and diflubenzuron
(dimilin) on non-target Lepidoptera, aquatics, birds, and small mammals, and to
submit a bibliography and recommendations to the steering committee at the 1992
meeting.
FY92 -- I was unable to attend the 1992 meeting (August 18-19, Albuquerque, NM)
of the National Steering Committee for Managing Gypsy Moth and Eastern
Defoliators but submitted a letter to you concerning progress by the Non-target
Impact subcommittee. As a brief summary of that letter: Leo and I met at FPMI
in April 1992 and discussed the need to identify scientists from the U.S. and
Canada who would be interested in or were conducting non-target impact studies
in forest ecosystems. In July 1992, Leo identified a preliminary group of
scientists (list A) which was updated by Steve Holmes (list B). Leo and I
intended to select a core group of scientists from list B and meet with them at
the Pest Control Forum in Ottawa (November 1992).
Also, initial versions of Dimilin and Bt bibliography databases were developed
through the efforts of Munson in association with the University of Utah and
Amy Onken (Forest Health Protection, Morgantown) in conjunction with West
Virginia University (see attachment). At that time, the databases contained
about 700 and 900 citations concerning efficacy and non-target impacts,
respectively.
Following the 1992 meetings of the Eastern and Western Defoliator Committees,
Steve Munson sent a letter to me stating that 3 additional western
representatives (Bruce Hostetler, R-6/FPM; John Wenz, R-5/FPM; and Larry Stipe,
R-1/FPM) were selected to participate on the Non-target Impact subcommittee to
help identify needs in the West. Steve Munson and I had the impression that
these western representativies were added to the original Non-target Impact
subcommittee but, in fact, you had intended Steve to chair another subcommittee
"Impact of Biological Insecticides on Non-target Organisms" for the Western
Defoliator Steering Committee.
J EVAL
AUGUSTE, 11993
Page 2
In September 1992, I formed a technical review team composed of mostly eastern
scientists (list C) to begin to develop guidelines and protocols for a proposed
long-term evaluation of regional impacts of Bt and gypsy moth defoliation on
selected non-targets in the East. This long-term regional project was proposed
in response to data gaps identified during preparation of the EIS for the
Appalachian Gypsy Moth Project (AIPM Project) and follow-up meetings with a
coalition of environmental groups from Virginia and West Virginia.
FY93 Activities
Both bibliography databases were expanded and now contain approximately 950 and
1,500 citations, respectively. The databases are stored on disk and we are in
the process of obtaining a reprint of each citation. The Dimilin database is
nearing completion, whereas the Bt database can be expanded to include
additional efficacy citations. There are no citations concerning human
toxicology in either database.
Leo contacted most of the Canadian scientists from list B and identified a core
group of scientists as members of the Non-target Impact subcommittee: Jan
Volney, Imre Otvos, Steve Holmes and Kevin Barber.
To the best of our (Munson, Reardon, Cadogan) knowledge, the following is a
list of non-target field evaluations involving the aerial application of Bt or
Dimilin in forest ecosystems:
United States
East
Bt
* Impact of Bt on canopy and understory Lepidoptera associated
with gypsy moth populations in oak-hickory forest in southern
Virginia -- Talley/Peacock(Rockbridge CO., VA/NEFES) -- 3rd.
year of 3-year effort.
Dimilin
* Impact of Dimilin on selected vert/invert. in closed
broadleaved watersheds - conducted in West Virginia --
numerous investigators -- 5th. year of 5-year effort.
J. Barry
August 19, 1993
Page 3
West
¢ Barry/Whaley/Anhold - Bt-drift/dispersion and effects on non-target Lepidoptera, Utah
1993 Phase HII -- 3rd year of 4 -year effort
¢ Grimble - Impacts of Bt sprays on non-target Lepidoptera in mixed coniferous forests
of eastern Oregon -- 2nd year of 3-year effort (NAPIAP funded)
» - Miller/Grimble - impacts of Bt on non-target Lepidoptera on the Warm Springs
Indian Reservation (Oregon) -- Ist year of 2-year effort
¢ Miller/Lighthart - Effects of large scale use of Bt var. kurstaki on non-target larval
Lepidoptera: Cove Junction (Oregon) -- 2nd year of 2-year effort
General Suryey
° Miller/Grimble ~ Survey of resident Lepidoptera populations across the central
Cascades as a possible food source for Townsend's big-eared bat -- Ist of 2-year
effort
¢ Kephart (Willimette University)
- Investigations and literature survey of Region 6 sensitive plant species and
potential Lepidoptera pollinators
e Bennett - Survey to determine effects of Bt on non-target moths: Carson National
Forest (New Mexico) -- Ist of 3-year effort (WSB population collapsed)
ne
e Volney - Potential impacts of operational Bt spray on Lepidoptera -- conducted in
Saskatchewan -- ? year effort
¢ Kreutzweiser - Effects of Bik on aquatic microbial activity, detrital decomposition and
invertebrate communities -- conducted in Ontario -- 2nd year of 2-year effort
There are several issues which need to be resolved in FY93:
1. The establishment of one or two Non-target Impacy subcommittees. We (Munson, Cadogan, and
Reardon) propose one Non-targel Impact Subcomiittes could represent both the Western and Eastern
Defoliator National Steering Committees. Reardon would be the chairman of the subcommittee in
FY94 in an effort to coordinate this subcommittee’s activities with those of the National Center of
Forest Health Management. The National Center was created in Apri! 1993 with three major areas of
work emphasis: non-target impacts, biological! controls, and biorationals. The purpose of the National
Ceater is tu accelerate development and spplications of environmentally acceptable new technologies
tO maintain and improve the health of Amenica's trees and forests.
2. Updating (additional/fewer) members on the Non-target Impact Subcommittee . The suggested
members and chairman for each region:
J.Barry
August 19, 1993
Page 4
WestUS
Steve Munson, John Anhold, Chairman
Dave Grimble, R-6/PNW
Dayle Bennett, R-3/FPM
Bruce Hostetler, R-6/RPM
John Wenz, R-6/FPM
Larry Stipe/Nancy Campbell, R-1/FPM
Eas/US
Richard Reardon, Chairman
John Omer, NA/FHP
John Peacock, NEFES
Sandy Liebhold, NEFES
Jeff Witcosky, R-8/FPM
Canada
Leo Cadogan, Chairman
Jan Volney, For. Can. N. Alts
Lmre Otvos, For. Can, Pac & Yu
Steve Holmes, For. Can. FPMI
Kevin Barber, For. Can. FPM{
3. The need for the Non-target Impact Subcommittes to focus its activities on microbial insecticides used
to manage defoliators in forest ecosystems. Specifically, the immediate emphasis areas in the
WesvUS is on Bik and in the East/US is on Btk and Entomophaga maimaiga,.
4. Identify the objectives of the Non-target Impact Subcommirnee .
FY94 Activities
1. Initiate and complete 5-year plan of work which identifies regional priorities (e.g. data gaps) and
contains baseline protocols/procedures for conducting non-targe: evaluations.
2. Publish and continue to update the Dimilin and Bt bibliography databases.
3. Focus efforts on Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki:
a. general surveys to obtain baseline data on populations of Lepidoptera (terrestrial and aquatic) for
specific ecosystems
J.Barry
August 19, 1993
Page 5
b. potential impacts on selected non-targets (e.g. indicator species, T/E species)
® one comparable study established in Westem United States, Eastern United States, and Canada.
4. Identify and solicit “RP” from amateur lepidopterists in developing the 5-year plan of work as well
as for individual evaluations.
Ve
RICHARD C. REARDON
Program Manager
National Center of Forest Health Management
cc; Munson
Cadogen
Memo to: Steve Holmes
From: Leo Cadogan
Subject: Formation of a working group relating to the study of the effects of Bt on non
target organisms.
AS promised at our meeting with Dr. R. Reardon on 22/4/92 i contacted a number of
people and the following have been identified as either working in the general areas or are
interested in participating in such a working group.
Bill Ernst CWS Impact on stream invertebrates
Neil Burgess CWS Impact on Birds and/or amphibians
Guy Sirois CWS Moncton Impact on Fish
Wendy Sexmith NB Environ Funding, Regulatory Affairs
Nelson Carter NB DNR Funding and Participation
Jim Bendel U of T Forestry Impact of Grouse & Small Mammals
Brian Naylar OMNR Tech Dev. Unit N Bay Small Mammals
Candid Czuba ; 3 :
Ross D. James ROM Song Birds
M.I. Bellocq U of T Forestry Small Vertebrates
Jan Volney ForCan Northern Alta Gen Bt studies in the Praines
Imre Otvos ForCan Pac & Yukon Gen Bt studies on the West Coast
You can forward this list ta Dick Reardon with your additions.
(Lo
B.L. Cadogan
halq/ar-
a
i
=\ j I
=i 8t
Gua
Forestry
Canada
Foréts
Canada
4 September 1992
Dr. Richard Reardon
AIPM Project Leader
USDA Forest aN
180 Canfield S
Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
26505
fante ar; = ian Le wr tin _ a 77 t re
Subject: Formation of a worsing group - Kifects of B.t. on non-target organisms
me
p Cen group on
ave added a cour in f names and
Bill Ernst =nvironment Canada, Halifax
Guy Sirois Fisheries and Oceans Carada, Moncton
Neu Burgess Canadian Wildlife Service, Sackville
Pierre Mineau Canadian Wildlife Servict, Hull
Bruce Pauli Canadian Wildlife Servict, Hull
an Welsh Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottawa
Jan Yolney Forestry Canada, Northwest Region
Imre Otvos Forestry Canada, Pacific & Yukon Region
Wendy Sexsmith New Brunswick Dep nt of the
Environment, Fredericto
Nelson Carter New Brunswick Dep nt of Natural
Resources, Fredericton
Ministére de l'Energie et
Charlesbourg
Société de protection des:
les insectes et maladies,
Pierre-Martin Marotte des Ressources
Oréts contre
ébec
Ghislain Rousseau
Brian Naylar Ontario Ministry of Natujal Resources,
North Bay
Candid Czuba Ontario Ministry of Natudal Resources,
North Bay
Jim Bendell University of Toronto
M. Bellocg University of Toronto
Ross James Royal Ontario Museum
Canadt
with a list of Canadian researchers who may be
th effects of B.t. on non-target
passing the compiete list on to you.
stream invertebrates
fish
birds, amphibians
birds, amphibians
birds, amphibians
birds
general interest
general interest
funding, regulatory
affairs
funding, general
interest
persistence, general
interest
general interest
small mammals
small mammals
grouse, small
mammals
songbirds, small
mammals
songbirds
l understand that you would like to try to geqa group together ai the time of the
Forest Pest. Control Forum in November, I think tHat this is an excellent idea. If you
decide that you want to pursue it, let me know andjI will make the necessary
arrangements here (book a room, call potential Ca beh participants, etc.). Hope to hear
from you soon.
Sincerely,
Steve Holmes
Forestry Canada
: Sisctainakisa DRevelanment |
Science and Sustainable Development
PASS Vincent S Rains Sry ys } $ 7 Dlane q
2 14AQW FY LisSwild LVidSSwy, a—idt 2 ALA
2} i TR kw Ol. d |
3 ob JOS Div
Dimilin and Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki
Bibliographies
Dimilin and Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (Bt) bib-
liographies are installed and maintained in a comput-
erized database, at the USDA Forest Service National
Center of Forest Health Management in Morgan-
town, West Virginia. Anyone who needs informa-
tion or data about Dimilin, Bt or both can search these
bibliographies, using a Forest Service computerized
retrieval program. These bibliographies contain
references to efficacy and non-target data but not
human toxicology.
The retrieval program allows the user to search for
specific articles. A file search may be accessed
several ways:
(1) Each field of the database can be searched for all
articles that contain acertain value. For example, a
search of the field “title” for the value "anni" would
The National Center of
Forest,Health Management
Sate Healthy Forests
2 ee ,) Make A World
Pe / Of Difference
TechnologyTransfer
find any records that contain “anni” such as Tannins,
tannin, or mannitol or the field “year” for 198_
would match records with the years from 1980 to
1989.
(2) To narrow the search, use more than one field. For
example, searching the field “year” for "1986" and
field “title ’for "anni" will find all records for the
year 1986 with “anni” in the title.
Any field may be searched for more than one value
and any number of fields may be searched. When
requesting records please include the fields to searched
and the values to be found. Please narrow the search
as much as possible.
The records may be printed as a bibliography citation
(as for use in preparing a paper) which will not
include the abstract, or printed including the abstract.
Searching the Bibliographic Database
The bibliographies have several different fields:
Author
Year
Title
Source
ISSN (National Cataloging System)
NAL (National Agricultural Library)
Language
Abstract
Character
Character
Character
Character (240)
Character (25)
Character (25)
Character (80)
Long
(240)
(4)
(240)
If you have any questions or would be interested in obtaining records from the Dimilin and Bt bibliographic
databases, please contact:
Amy Onken
USDA Forest Service
National Center of Forest Health Management
180 Canfield Street
Morgantown, WV 26505
(304) 285-1565
DG Address: S24L08A
The National Center of Forest Health Management
USDA Forest Service
Northeastern Area August 1993
(1)
(4)
(6)
a)
(8)
TECHNICAL TEAM MEMBERS
Bruce Lighthart
US-EPA
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab
200 SW 35th Street
Corvallis, sOR: 97333
Robert Gordon
Systematic Entomology Lab, USDA
c/o National Museum of Natural History
NHB Stop 168
Washington, DC 20560
Ernest DelFosse
USDA-APHIS
National Biological Control Institute
Federal Building, Room 538
6505 Belcrest Road
Hyattsville, MD 20782
Wayne Beresford
Entomology Department
University of Georgia
SisgSLo0-Science Building
Athens, GA 30602
Joe Elkinton
Department of Entomology
University of Massachusetts
Fernald Hall
Amherst, MA 01003
Jim Kotcon
Dept. of Plant & Soil Sciences
West Virginia University
401 Brooks Hall
PlOSeDOxnoUS7
Morgantown, WV 26506-6057
Jim Pierce
Environmental Action Foundation
6930 Carroll Ave., Suite 600
Takoma Park, MD 20912
John Peacock
US Forest Service
Northeast Forest Exp. Station
51 Mill Pond Road
Hamden, CT 06514
503-754-4879
FAX 503-754-4711
202-382-1792
FAX 202-786-9422
301-436-4329
PAX I01-436—/o2
706-542-7888
FAX 706-542-2279
413-545-4816
FAX 413-545-2115
304-293-3911
Oi iahe ples ks! 8)
FAX 301-897-2218
203-—773=2010
FAX 203-773-2183
(9)
(10)
(11)
Sandy Liebhold
US Forest Service
Northeast Forest Exp. Station
180 Canfield Street
Morgantown, WV 26505
Jeff Witcosky
George Washington National Forest
101 N. Main Street
P.O. bot aso
Harrisonburg, VA 22801
Richard Reardon
US Forest Service
Forest Health Protection - AIPM
180 Canfield Street
Morgantown, WV 26505
304=285-1609
FAX 304-285-1505
703-433-2491
FAX 703-433-8103
304-285-1566
FAX 304-285-1505
5 |
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Appendix D
Registered Pesticides
for Western Defoliators -
Sub-Committee Report
Julie Weatherby
Sheri Smith
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Active Ingredient:
Bacillus thuringiensis, subsp. kurstaki,
8,800 International Units of Potency per mg
(32 Billion International Units per gallon)
Inert Ingredients
1.76%
98.24%
aewdisr Ke a, a <cibia) (QP Ohiele ‘s 6) w «ie a fe
B EPA Reg. No. 275-36
EPA Est. No. 33762-IA-1
INDEX:
1.0 Precautionary Statements
1.1 Hazards to Humans
1.2 Environmental Hazards
Directions for Use
Compatibility
Storage and Disposal
General Information
Application Instructions -
6.1 Rate for Miscellaneous Crop Groups
6.2 Rate for Trees and Shrubs
6.3 Rate for Smaller Spray Volumes
7.0 Notice to User
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
wh lek
. °
-— oO
1.2
™ . , aah Nak
~ ‘ . ey
Fs Autsp he te ;
" ;
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
CAUTION
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
HAZARDS TO HUMANS
(and Domestic Animals)
Avoid contact with skin, eyes or clothing. In case of
contact immediately flush eyes or skin with plenty of
water. Get medical attention if irritation persists.
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Keep out of lakes, ponds or streams. Do not
contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or
disposal of wastes.
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
It is a violation of Federal law to use this product in a
manner inconsistent with its labeling.
Do not apply this product through any type of irrigation
system.
COMPATIBILITY
DiPel 4L should not be used in combination with
Comite® Bravo (except celery), Captafol, Captan
(except seed) or Dyrene.
ALL STATES EXCEPT CALIFORNIA: The effects of
combining DiPel 4L with fungicides (other than
Benomyl, Maneb, Mancozeb, or Captan) and miticides
are unknown.
FOR CALIFORNIA ONLY: The effects of combining
DiPel 4L with insecticides, fungicides and other spray
materials are unknown. Tank mixes should be avoided
except where specific recommendations are made in
the label for use in California.
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
Do not contaminate water, food or feed by storage or
disposal.
Storage:
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use. At
temperatures less than O°F and greater than 100°F,
DiPel 4L should be stored under cover.
Pesticide Disposal:
Wastes resulting from use of this product may be
disposed of on site or at an approved waste disposal
facility.
Container Disposal:
Triple rinse (or equivalent), then puncture and dispose
of in a sanitary landfill or by incineration, or if allowed
by state and local authorities by burning. If burned, stay
out of smoke.
GENERAL INFORMATION
Days To Harvest: There are no restrictions on applying
DiPel 4L up to the time of harvest.
Sites: DiPel 4L may be used for any labeled pest in
both field and greenhouse uses.
DiPel 4L is a highly selective insecticide for use against
listed caterpillars (larvae) of lepidopterous insects.
Close scouting and early attention to infestations is
highly recommended. Larvae must eat deposits of
DiPel 4L to be affected. Always follow these directions:
e Treat when larvae are young (early instars) before
the crop is extensively damaged.
e Larvae must be actively feeding on treated, exposed
plant parts.
6.0
6.1
e Thorough spray coverage is needed to provide a
uniform deposit of DiPel 4L at the site of larval
feeding. For some crops directed drop nozzles by
ground machine are required.
e Under heavy pest population pressure, use the
higher label rates, shorten the spray interval, and/or
raise gallonage to improve spray coverage.
e Repeat applications at an interval sufficient to
maintain control, usually 3 to 14 days depending on
plant growth rate, moth activity, rainfall after treating,
and other factors. If attempting to control a pest with
a single spray, make the treatment when egg hatch
is essentially complete, but before extensive crop
damage occurs.
e Aspreader-sticker which has been approved for use
on growing and harvested crops should be added for
hard-to-wet crops such as cole crops, or to improve
weather-fastness of the spray deposits.
After eating a lethal dose of DiPel 4L, larvae stop
feeding within the hour and will die within several days.
Dying larvae move slowly, discolor, then shrivel,
blacken and die.
DiPel 4L may be applied in conventional ground or
aerial equipment with quantities of water sufficient to
provide thorough coverage of infested plant parts. The
amount of water needed per acre will depend on crop
size, weather, spray equipment, and local experience.
Unless otherwise indicated, use at least 2 gallons of
water by air; except in the far west, 5 to 10 gallons is
the usual minimum. Add water to the spray or mixing
tank at the level that provides maximum agitation. With
the agitator running, add the DiPel 4L. Continue
agitation. Then add other spray materials (if any). Add
the balance of the water. Maintain the suspension while
loading and spraying. Do not mix more DiPel 4L than
can be used in a 72-hour period. CAUTION: Rinse and
flush spray equipment thoroughly with water following
each use.
APPLICATION INSTRUCTIONS
APPLICATION RATE FOR MISC. CROPS
Crop Pest Pints/Acre
Cole Crops* Loopers | te) 2
Celery! Imported % to 1
Lettuce Cabbageworm
Spinach’ Diamondback Moth 2% to 11%
* Do not apply by air to plants after transplant or other stress before
6 weeks in the field. Use more than 25 gallons of water per acre
by ground and 10 gallons of water per acre by air.
' For all states except California.
6.1
APPLICATION RATE FOR MISC. CROPS (cont.)
Crop Pest Pints/Acre
Soybeans Loopers 1to2
Peanuts’ Green Cloverworm Vm to 1
Peas’ Velvetbean Caterpillar a, to 1V%
Podworm (Heliothis 1to2
zea)’
Armyworms”’ 2to4
* DiPel 4L suppresses early instar larvae of Podworms and
Armyworms when populations are light to moderate.
' For all states except California.
Tobacco’ Tobacco Budworm 1
Hornworms Yo to 1
Loopers 1
' For all states except California.
Tomatoes Loopers 1 to2
Tomato Fruitworm* 2
Variegated Cutworm 2
Saltmarsh Caterpillar 1 to 2
Hornworms % to 1
Armyworm** 2to4
* Apply weekly in a preventative program.
** DiPel 4L may be used to suppress small Armyworms (1st and 2nd
instar) when populations are light and full coverage ground sprays
are applied. DiPel 4L' may be tank-mixed with Benomyl, Maneb
or Mancozeb for application on tomatoes. Observe ail label
precautions for all products used.
' For all states except California.
Alfalfa, Hay and Loopers 1to2
Small Grains Alfalfa Caterpillar Y%, to
European Skipper % to 1
(Essex Skipper)
Cotton Tobacco Budworm* % to 2
Cotton Bollworm* to 2
Loopers™ 1to2
* Use DiPel 4L to control light to moderate populations of newly
hatched worms in pest management conditions. Use under close
scouting when beneficial insects are active or building. Repeat
treatments at 4 to 5 day intervals as long as necessary and results
are acceptable. If 15% or more terminals have eggs, add 1/8 Ib. Al
methomy!' (Lannate®or Nudrin®) per acre to 1/2 pt. DiPel 4L.
Once beneficial insects are no longer a factor, DiPel 4L (at 1/2 to
1-1/2 pts/acre) may be tank mixed with methomyl (Lannate® or
Nudrin®) at .225 to .675 Ibs. Al per acre to control light to moderate
infestations of early instar larvae. Observe any rate, frequency, or
boll load label restrictions for methomyl in your area. Methomy! will
likely cause reddening of cotton foliage. Discontinue this tank mix
if reddening becomes excessive.
Before using any tank mix, read the product labels for all
environmental and usage cautions.
DiPel 4L' may be tank mixed with vegetable or cottonseed oil at
the ratio of 1 pint 4L to 1 pint oil. DiPel 4L may also be mixed at a
ratio of 40 parts 4L to 60 parts water, and applied in total spray
volume not to exceed 80 fl. oz. per acre.
** Full plant coverage needed.
" For all states except California.
Pan ei eR ht Sch ee i el ect
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2
APPLICATION RATE FOR MISC. CROPS (cont.)
Crop Pest Pints/Acre
Avocados’ Amorbia Moth Not more
Omnivorous Leafroller than 8
Omnivorous Looper
Orange Tortrix
Use a minimum of 200 gallons water per acre by ground rig or 10
gallons by aircraft. Maximum of two applications per season.
' For all states except California.
Crop Seed’ Indian Meal Moth 1%
Almond Moth pts./100 bu
Mix thoroughly prior to bagging.
DiPel 4L is compatible with common seed treatments including
Captan, Methoxychlor, Carboxin (Vitavax) and Malathion.
Fumigation has not been found to decrease the effectiveness of DiPel
4L.
" For all states except California.
APPLICATION RATE FOR TREES AND SHRUBS“
(Forest, Shade, Sugar Maple, Trees and Shrubs)
Pints/100 Gallons* Pints/Acre
Pest (Ground Equip) (Aerial**)
Gypsy Moth 1'to4 2'to 4.
Bagworm 1 to2 1to2
Redhumped Caterpillar % to 1 % to 1
Spring & Fall Cankerworm Ym to 1 Y% to 1
Fall Webworm 1 |
Elm Spanworm itor 1to2
Tent Caterpillars \% to 1 1'to2
California Oakworm Y% to 1 % to 1
Pine Butterfly 2 2
Spruce Budworms 2'to4 toh
Saddle Prominent Caterpillar Auter2 1 to 2°
Douglas Fir Tussock Moth 2 ed
Western Tussock Moth 1 to2 —
Fruittree Leafroller 1 to2 —
Blackheaded Budworm 2 —
Mimosa Webworm 1 to2 _—
Jack Pine Budworm 1 to 2 1% to2
Saddleback Caterpillar 1to2 -—
* Rate for hydraulic sprayer in California. In other states, less water
may be used if adequate coverage is provided. For mist blowers,
mix the applicable amount (pints) in zero to 10 gallons of water;
except in California, mix the applicable amount (pints) in 10 gallons
of water.
** For aerial application, use in zero to 10 gallons (in California,
against all pests except Spruce Budworms, use in 1 to 10 gallons)
of water depending on type and density of trees. For best results,
spray systems which deliver droplet size of 200 microns or less
should be used.
' Use only the low rate in California.
2 All states except California.
3 Use rates greater than 2 pints in Northern states for heavy
populations. In California, tank mix ratio of water to DiPel 4L must
be no less than 50:50.
6.3 APPLICATION RATE FOR
SMALLER SPRAY VOLUMES
Use this Amount
_If Rate is Per Gallon
1/2 pt./acre or 100 gals. 1/2 tsp.
1 pt./acre or 100 gals. 1 tsp.
1 qt./acre or 100 gals. 2 tsps.
2 qts./acre or 100 gals. 4 tsps.
7.0 NOTICE TO USER
Seller makes no warranty, express or implied, of
merchantability, fitness or otherwise concerning use of
this product other than as indicated on the label. User
assumes all risks of use, storage or handling notin strict
accordance with accompanying directions.
Fundal, Comite, Galecron, Lannate, Nudrin, Bravo, Vitavax, and
Dyrene are trademarks of companies other than Abbott Laboratories.
© 1992, Abbott Laboratories
Abbott Laboratories — Quality Health Care Worldwide
Agricultural Products, North Chicago IL 60064 (800) 323-9597
OR STAR MOrTAMoPA bal 4
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Biological Insecticide:
Emulsifiable Suspension
[ Active Ingredient:
Bacillus thuringiensis, subsp. kurstaki,
8,800 International Units of Potency per mg
[ (32 Billion International Units per gallon) 1.76%
INSEL INGO GIONS x acces Kas ielin kt ceca el ee 98.24%
EPA Reg. No. 275-36
EPA Est. No. 33762-IA-1
aig eee =, oe eet Be oo SES get A RSS ae tS ae
INDEX:
1.0 Precautionary Statements
1.1. Hazards to Humans
1.2 Environmental Hazards
2.0 Directions for Use
3.0 Compatibility
4.0 Storage and Disposal
5.0 General Information
6.0 Application Instructions -
6.1 Rate for Miscellaneous Crop Groups
6.2 Rate for Trees and Shrubs
6.3 Rate for Smaller Spray Volumes
| 7.0 Notice to User
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
CAUTION
.0 PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
1
HAZARDS TO HUMANS
(and Domestic Animals)
Avoid contact with skin, eyes or clothing. In case of
contact immediately flush eyes or skin with plenty of
water. Get medical attention if irritation persists.
1.2 ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Keep out of lakes, ponds or streams. Do not
contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or .
disposal of wastes.
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
It is a violation of Federal law to use this product in a
manner inconsistent with its labeling.
Do not apply this product through any type of irrigation
system.
COMPATIBILITY
DiPel 4L should not be used in combination with
Comite, Bravo (except celery), Captafol, Captan
(except seed) or Dyrene .
ALL STATES EXCEPT CALIFORNIA: The effects of
combining DiPel 4L with fungicides (other than
Benomyl, Maneb, Mancozeb, or Captan) and miticides
are unknown.
FOR CALIFORNIA ONLY: The effects of combining
DiPel 4L with insecticides, fungicides and other spray
materials are unknown. Tank mixes should be avoided
except where specific recommendations are made in
the label for use in California.
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
Do not contaminate water, food or feed by storage or
disposal.
Storage:
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use. At
temperatures less than O°F and greater than 100°F,
DiPel 4L should be stored under cover.
Pesticide Disposal:
Wastes resulting from use of this product may be
disposed of on site or at an approved waste disposal
facility.
Container Disposal:
Triple rinse (or equivalent), then puncture and dispose
of in a sanitary landfill or by incineration, or if allowed
by state and local authorities by burning. If burned, stay
out of smoke.
GENERAL INFORMATION
Days To Harvest: There are no restrictions on applying
DiPel 4L up to the time of harvest.
Sites: DiPel 4L may be used for any labeled pest in
both field and greenhouse uses.
DiPel 4L is a highly selective insecticide for use against
listed caterpillars (larvae) of lepidopterous insects.
Close scouting and early attention to infestations is
highly recommended. Larvae must eat deposits of
DiPel 4L to be affected. Always follow these directions:
e Treat when larvae are young (early instars) before
the crop is extensively damaged.
e Larvae must be actively feeding on treated, exposed
plant parts.
6.1
6.2
APPLICATION RATE FOR MISC. CROPS (cont.)
Crop Pest Pints/Acre
Avocados’ Amorbia Moth Not more
Omnivorous Leafroller than 8
Omnivorous Looper
Orange Tortrix
Use a minimum of 200 gallons water per acre by ground rig or 10
gallons by aircraft. Maximum of two applications per season.
' For all states except California.
Indian Meal Moth 1%
Almond Moth pts./100 bu
Crop Seed’
Mix thoroughly prior to bagging.
DiPel 4L is compatible with common seed treatments including
Captan, Methoxychlor, Carboxin (Vitavax) and Malathion.
Fumigation has not been found to decrease the effectiveness of DiPel
4L.
' For all states except California.
APPLICATION RATE FOR TREES AND SHRUBS?
(Forest, Shade, Sugar Maple, Trees and Shrubs)
Pints/100 Gallons” Pints/Acre
Pest (Ground Equip) (Aerial**)
Gypsy Moth 1'to4 2' to 4.
Bagworm 1 to2 1 to 2
Redhumped Caterpillar % to 1 Y% to 1
Spring & Fall Cankerworm % to 1 % to 1
Fall Webworm 1 1
Elm Spanworm 1 to2 1to2
Tent Caterpillars Y% to 1 1'to2
California Oakworm % to 1 Y% to 1
Pine Butterfly 2 2
Spruce Budworms 2'to4 2' to 4/0%
Saddle Prominent Caterpillar 1to2 1 to 2°
Douglas Fir Tussock Moth 2 Peheie
Western Tussock Moth 1 to2 _
Fruittree Leafroller 1 to2 _
Blackheaded Budworm 2 _
Mimosa Webworm 1 to2 —
Jack Pine Budworm 1to2 1% to2
Saddleback Caterpillar 1to2 _—
* Rate for hydraulic sprayer in California. In other states, less water
may be used if adequate coverage is provided. For mist blowers,
mix the applicable amount (pints) in zero to 10 gallons of water;
except in California, mix the applicable amount (pints) in 10 gallons
of water.
** For aerial application, use in zero to 10 gallons (in California,
against all pests except Spruce Budworms, use in 1 to 10 gallons)
of water depending on type and density of trees. For best results,
spray systems which deliver droplet size of 200 microns or less
should be used.
" Use only the low rate in California.
? All states except California.
3 Use rates greater than 2 pints in Northern states for heavy
populations. In California, tank mix ratio of water to DiPel 4L must
be no less than 50:50.
6.3
7.0
ad
APPLICATION RATE FOR
SMALLER SPRAY VOLUMES
Use this Amount
_If Rate is Per Gallon
1/2 pt./acre or 100 gals. 1/2 tsp.
1 pt./acre or 100 gals. 1 tsp.
1 qt./acre or 100 gals. 2 tsps.
2 ats./acre or 100 gals. 4 tsps.
NOTICE TO USER
Seller makes no warranty, express or implied, of
merchantability, fitness or otherwise concerning use of
this product other than as indicated on the label. User
assumes all risks of use, storage or handling notin strict
accordance with accompanying directions.
Fundal, Comite, Galecron, Lannate, Nudrin, Bravo, Vitavax, and
Dyrene are trademarks of companies other than Abbott Laboratories.
© 1992, Abbott Laboratories
Abbott Laboratories — Quality Health Care Worldwide
Agricultural Products, North Chicago IL 60064 (800) 323-9597
oie ee aya: FT BS
( Cr di
2
arr Pere =
_- Ingredient:
Bacillus thuringiensis, subsp. kurstaki,
32,000 International Units of Potency per mg (14.52
Billion International Units per Pound) ... 6.4% w/w
iertuMo! OCUgnts sentry nie eter ae 93.6% w/w
Potency units should not be used to adjust use rates
a the specified in the Application Instructions section.
.A. Registration No. 275-37
EP.A.
Est.
No. 33762-IA-1
Peat oe
INDEX:
1.0 Precautionary Statements
1.1. Hazards to Humans -
1.2 Statement of Practical Treatment
1.3. Re-Entry Statement
2.0 Directions for Use
3.0 Storage and Disposal
4.0 General Information
5.0 Application Instructions
5.1 Chemigation Use Directions
Spray Preparation
General Precautions for Applications
Through Sprinkler Irrigation Systems
Rate for Miscellaneous Crop Groups
Rate for Specific Crops
Rate for Stored Ag Commodities
Rate for Trees and Forests
Rate for Smaller Spray Volumes
6.0 Notice to User
[Co Ne)
AQAA 1
ONoONf-
ai Lp cape Sere Riate pitaed ere year e lren a, © Fh Mg HIE
CAUTION:
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
HAZARDS TO HUMANS
Harmful if absorbed through the skin. Causes moderate
eye irritation. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, or clothing.
Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling.
Fe Ue
4 8
tie
1.3
2.0
3.0
STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
If in Eyes:
Flush with plenty of water. Get medical attention if
irritation persists.
If on Skin:
Wash skin with plenty of soap and water. Get medical
attention if irritation persists.
RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
Do not enter treated areas without protective clothing
until sprays have dried.
Because certain states may require more restrictive
reentry intervals for various crops treated with this
product, consult your State Department of Agriculture
for further information.
Written or oral warnings must be given to workers who
are expected to be in a treated area or in an area about
to be treated with this product. Oral warnings must
include the following information:
Inform workers of area of fields that must not be entered
without appropriate protective clothing until sprays
have dried. In case of accidental exposure, wash with ~
plenty of water. If there is any irritation in eyes after
washing, get medical attention.
When oral warnings are given, warnings shall be given
in a language customarily understood by workers. Oral
warnings must be given if there is reason to believe that
written warnings cannot be understood by workers.
Written warnings must include the following
information:
“Area treated with DiPel 2X on (date of application). Do
not enter without appropriate protective clothing until
sprays have dried. In case of accidental exposure,
wash with plenty of water. If there is any irritation in eyes
after washing, get medical attention.”
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
It is a violation of Federal law to use this product in a
manner inconsistent with its labeling.
Do not apply this product in such a manner as to directly
or through drift expose workers or other persons. The
area being treated must be vacated by unprotected
persons.
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
Do not contaminate water, food or feed by storage or
disposal.
Storage:
Reclose containers of unused DiPel 2X. Store in a dry
place.
Pesticide Disposal:
Wastes resulting from the use of this product may be
disposed of on site or at an approved waste disposal
facility.
4.0
Container Disposal:
Triple rinse (or equivalent). Then puncture and dispose
of in a sanitary landfill, or by incineration, or, if allowed
by state and local authorities, by burning. If burned, stay
out of smoke.
GENERAL INFORMATION
Do not apply this product through any type of irrigation
system.
DiPel 2X is a highly selective insecticide for use against
listed caterpillars (larvae) of lepidopterous insects.
Close scouting and early attention to infestations is
highly recommended. Larvae must eat deposits of
DiPel 2X to be affected. Always follow these directions:
e Treat when larvae are young (early instars) before
the crop is extensively damaged.
e Larvae must be actively feeding on treated, exposed
plant parts.
Thorough spray coverage is needed to provide a
uniform deposit of DiPel 2X at the site of larval
feeding. For some crops directed drop nozzles by
ground machine are required.
e Under heavy pest population pressure, use the
higher label rates, shorten the spray interval, and/or
raise gallonage to improve spray coverage.
e Repeat applications at an interval sufficient to
maintain control, usually 3 to 14 days depending on
plant growth rate, moth activity, rainfall after treating,
and other factors. If attempting to control a pest with
a single spray, make the treatment when egg hatch
is essentially complete, but before extensive crop
damage occurs.
e Aspreader-sticker which has been approved for use
on growing and harvested crops should be added for
hard-to-wet crops such as cole crops, or to improve
weather-fastness of the spray deposits.
e DiPel 2X is a non-restricted use pesticide and does
not require a restricted use permit for purchase and
use.
After eating a lethal dose of DiPel 2X, larvae stop
feeding within the hour, and will die within several days.
Dying larvae move slowly, discolor, then shrivel,
blacken and die.
DiPel 2X may be applied in conventional ground or
aerial equipment with quantities of water sufficient to
provide thorough coverage of infested plant parts. The
amount of water needed per acre will depend on crop
size, weather, spray equipment, and local experience.
Unless otherwise indicated, use at least 2 gallons of
water per acre by air; except in the Western U.S., where
5 to 10 gallons is the usual minimum. Add water to the
spray or mixing tank at the level that provides maximum
agitation. With the agitator running, slowly sprinkle in
the DiPel 2X. Continue agitation. Then add other spray
materials (if any). Add the balance of the water and
agitate until mixed. Maintain the suspension while
5.0
5.1
s) 2
5.3
loading and spraying. Do not mix more DiPel 2X than
can be used in a 12-hour period.
Days To Harvest: There are no restrictions on applying
DiPel 2X up to the time of harvest.
Sites: DiPel 2X may be used for any labeled pest in
both field and greenhouse uses.
APPLICATION INSTRUCTIONS
CHEMIGATION USE DIRECTIONS
Chemigation directions apply only to the state of Florida
and to the following crop categories: Flowers, bedding
plants, ornamentals, greenhouse/shadehouse and
outdoor nursery crops. Refer to these label sections
under Application Instructions for application rate
information when chemigation is used.
Apply this product only through sprinkler including
center pivot, lateral move, end tow, side (wheel) roll,
traveler, big gun, solid set, or hand move irrigation
systems. Do not apply this product through any other
type of irrigation systems. Do not connect an irrigation
system (including greenhouse systems) used for
pesticide applications to a public water system.
SPRAY PREPARATION
First prepare a suspension of DiPel 2X in a mix tank.
Fill tank with 1/2 to 3/4 the desired amount of water.
Start mechanical or hydraulic agitation. Add the
required amount of DiPel 2X, and then the remaining
volume of water. Then set the sprinkler to deliver a
minimum of 0.1 to 0.3 inch of water per acre. Start
sprinkler and uniformly inject the suspension of DiPel
2X into the irrigation water line so as to deliver the
desired rate per acre. The suspension of DiPel 2X
should be injected with a positive displacement pump
into the main line ahead of a right angle turn to insure
adequate mixing. Any questions on calibration should
be directed to your State Extension Service Specialists,
to equipment manufacturers or other experts.
NOTE: When treatment with DiPel 2X has been
completed, further field irrigation over the treated area
should be avoided for 24 to 48 hours to prevent washing
the material off the crop.
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATIONS
THROUGH SPRINKLER IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
Maintain continuous agitation in the mix tank during the
mixing and application to insure a uniform suspension.
Greater accuracy in calibration and distribution will be
achieved by injecting a larger volume for a more dilute
solution per unit time.
Crop injury, lack of effectiveness, or illegal residues in
the crop can result from nonuniform distribution of
treated water. A person knowledgeable of the
chemigation system and responsible for its operation,
or under. the supervision of the responsible person,
shall shut the system down and make necessary
=
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adjustments should the need arise. Allow sufficient time
for pesticide to be flushed through all lines and all
nozzles before turning off irrigation water.
The system must contain a functional check valve,
vacuum relief valve, and low pressure drain
appropriately located on the irrigation pipeline to
prevent water source contamination from backflow.
The pesticide injection pipeline must contain a
functional, automatic, quick-closing check valve to
prevent the flow of fluid back toward the injection pump.
The pesticide injection pipeline must also contain a
functional, normally closed, solenoid-operated valve
located on the intake side of the injection pump and
connected to the system interlock to prevent fluid from
being withdrawn from the supply tank when the
irrigation is either automatically or manually shut down.
The system must contain functional interlocking
controls to automatically shut off the pesticide injection
pump when the water pump motor stops.
The irrigation line or water pump must include a
functional pressure switch which will stop the water
pump motor when the water pressure decreases to the
point where pesticide distribution is adversely affected.
Systems must use a metering pump, such as a positive
displacement injection pump (e.g. diaphragm pump)
effectively designed and constructed of materials that
are compatible with pesticides and capable of being
fitted with a system interlock. Do not apply when wind
speed favors drift beyond the area intended for
treatment.
Do not apply when wind speed favors drift, when
system connections or fittings leak, when nozzles do
not provide uniform distribution or when lines
containing the product must be dismantled and drained.
APPLICATION RATE FOR MISC. CROP GROUPS
Crop Group Pest Pounds/Acre
Alfalfa (Hay and Alfalfa Caterpillar Yo-1
Seed), Hay and Armyworms” Y-2
Other Forage European Skipper VY - 4
Crops (Essex Skipper)
Loopers Yo - 14
Berry and Small Achema Sphinx Moth Yo - 1
Fruit Crops such as (Hornworm)
Blackberry, Armyworms* y-2
Cranberry, Grape Grape Berry Moth Ym - 1
and Strawberry Grape Leafroller y-1
Grapeleaf Skeletonizer Yo-1
(ground only)
Loopers Ym -1
Oblique Banded Leafroller Yo - 1
Omnivorous Leafroller Ym - 4
(ground only) '
Orange Tortrix Y- 1
Saltmarsh Caterpillar Ym - 1
(ground only)
Tobacco Budworm %-2
Crop Group
Bulb such as Garlic
and Onion (green
and bulb)
Cucurbit
Vegetables such as
Cucumbers, Melons
and Squash
Flowers, Bedding
Plants and
Ornamentals
Fruiting
Vegetables such as
Eggplant, Pepper
and Tomato
Greenhouse/Shade
Trees and Outdoor
Nursery Crops
such as Brassica,
Fruiting Groups, and
Leafy Herbs
Herbs, Spices and
Mint such as Basil,
Chives, Dill, Leek
and Peppermint
Leafy and Cole
Crops such as
Broccoli, Brussel
Sprout, Cabbage,
Cauliflower, Celery,
Chinese Cabbage,
Collard, Endive,
Kale, Kohlrabi,
Lettuce (head and
leaf), Mustard
Greens, Parsley and
Spinach
Legume
Vegetables such as
Beans, Lentil, Peas
and Soybean
5.4 MISC. CROP GROUPS (continued)
Pest
Armyworms”
Cutworms
Diamondback Moth
Green Cloverworm
Hornworms
Imported Cabbageworm
Loopers
Omnivorous Leafroller
Saltmarsh Caterpillar -
Webworm
Armyworms’
Loopers
Melonworms
Rindworm complex
Armyworms*
Azalea Caterpillar
Diamondback Moth
Ello Moth
(Hornworm)
lo Moth
Loopers
Oleander Moth
Omnivorous Leafroller
Omnivorous Looper
Tobacco Budworm
Armyworms*
Hornworm
Loopers
Saltmarsh Caterpillar
Tomato Fruitworm
Variegated Cutworm
Heliothis
Loopers
Armyworms*
Looper
Saltmarsh Caterpillar
Armyworms*
Cutworms
Diamondback Moth
Green Cloverworm
Hornworms
Imported Cabbageworm
Loopers
Omnivorous Leafroller
Saltmarsh Caterpillar
Webworm
Armyworms*
Green Cloverworm
Loopers
Podworms”*
Soybean Looper
Velvetbean Caterpillar
Pounds/Acre
%y-2
5.4 MISC. CROP GROUPS (continued)
3.5
Crop Group
Pome Fruit such as
Apple and Pear
Pomegranate
Stone Fruit such as
Cherry, Nectarine,
Peach, Plum and
Prune
Tree Nuts such as
Almond, Filbert,
Pecan and Walnut
Root and Tuber
such as Beet,
Carrot, Potato and
Sugarbeet
Small Grains
Tropical Fruits
APPLICATION RATE FOR SPECIFIC CROPS
Other Crops
Asparagus
Avocado
Banana
Citrus
Corn (Field,
Sorghum and
Sweet)
Cotton
Hops
Kiwi Fruit
Malanga
Pest
Cankerworms
Coddling Moth
Cutworms
Fall Webworm
Filbert Leafroller
Fruittree Leafroller
Gypsy Moth
Obliquebanded Leafroller
Omnivorous Leafroller
Redbanded Leafroller
Redhumped Caterpillar
Tent Caterpillars
Tufted Apple Budmoth
Variegated Leafroller
Walnut Caterpillar
Armyworms*
Cutworms
Diamondback Moth
Green Cloverworm
Hornworms
Imported Cabbageworm
Loopers
Omnivorous Leafroller
Saltmarsh Caterpillar
Webworm
Loopers
Armyworms*
Hornworm
Leafrollers
Loopers
Omnivorous Looper
Pest
Armyworms*
Amorbia Moth
Omnivorous Leafroller
Omnivorous Looper
Orange Tortrix
Spanworm
Banana Skipper
Citrus Cutworm***
Fruittree Leafroller
Orangedog
Armyworms*
Headworms
Armyworms*
Cotton Bollworm**
Loopers
Saltmarsh Caterpillar
Tobacco Budworm**
Armyworms*
Loopers
Omnivorous Leafroller
Armyworms*
Saltmarsh Caterpillar
Pounds/Acre
%-2
Y%-2
%y-2
y-2
%y-2
%y-2
%-2
% -2
%y-2
%-2
%-2
%-2
%-2
%-2
%-2
%-2
%-2
Y%-2
y-2
Pounds/Acre
%y-2
%-2
y-2
%-2
%-2
y-2
VW - 1
%-2
%-2
VY, - 1
%y-2
Y- 1
%-2
wy-2
Ym - 4
Y%- 1
%-2
%-2
Y-1
W%-2
%y-2
Ym - 1
5.5 SPECIFIC CROPS (continued)
5.6
Crop Group
Peanuts
Pineapple
Rape
Safflower
Sunflower
Tobacco
Turf
Watercress
Pest
Green Cloverworm
Loopers
Podworms*
Velvetbean Caterpillar
Gummosos-Batrachedra
comosae (Hodges)
Thecla-Thecla basilides
(Geyr)
Armyworms*
Heliothis
Looper
Armyworms*
Loopers
Saltmarsh Caterpillar
Head Moth
Loopers
Hornworms
Loopers
Tobacco Budworm
Sod Webworm
Armyworms*
Diamondback Moth
Loopers
Pounds/Acre
NM
>
— — po
S
: es
nN
ioe
Y-2
Y-1
Me
* DiPel 2X may be used to control small armyworms (1st and 2nd
instar) and/or podworms when populations are light and full
coverage sprays are applied. Repeat treatment as necessary. If
mature worms or heavy populations are present, a contact
insecticide should be used to enhance control.
** Use to control light to moderate populations of newly hatched
worms in integrated pest management conditions. Repeat
treatments at 4 to 5 day intervals as long as necessary and results
are acceptable. Use in combination with ovicidal rates of labeled
Heliothis ovicides.
** Apply to light to moderate populations of newly-hatched worms.
APPLICATION RATE FOR
STORED AG COMMODITIES
Crop
Grains, Soybeans,
Sunflower Seed,
Crop Seed,
Condimental
Seeds, Spices,
Herbs, Birdseed'
and Popcorn’
Peanuts
Fiue-Cured
Tobacco
Pest
Indian Meal Moth
Almond Moth
Indian Meal Moth
Almond Moth
Tobacco Moth
' For all states except California.
Pounds/Acre
3/8 |b./100
bu (undiluted
and diluted)*
1/4 lb./ton?
0.2 0z./100
Ibs.*
For the control and prevention of these pests, apply DiPel 2X ina
constantly agitated water suspension to the top four inch surface
layer of grain in the bin. Use a sprinkler can or sprayer to apply the
dosage into the grain stream as the last (top) four inch layer is
augered into the bin. Mix 1/20 Ib. DiPel 2X per gallon of water. Apply
0.6 pint of this mixture per bushel as grain is augered into storage.
Or, sprinkle the dosage into the surface of the grain in the bin and
mix thoroughly with a scoop or rake to the depth of four inches.
[e)
More thorough coverage may be achieved by dividing the
recommended dosage into three applications and mixing the grain
between applications.
For the protection of bagged grain including popcorn, apply the
dosage to the entire grain mass and mix thoroughly prior to
bagging.
Treatments can be applied to stored grain at any time, but for best
results, make application immediately after harvest before moth
activity occurs. In areas where late fall harvested grain is not
subject to infestation because of low temperatures, application can
be delayed until late winter or early spring before moth activity
begins. Control for a full storage season should normally be
expected; however, repeat application if infestation recurs.
This treatment controls the moth larvae. If an infestation is present
when the grain is treated, moth emergence may continue for
several days. If immediate control of severe infestations is desired,
grain should be fumigated prior to application of this treatment.
DiPel 2X will not control weevils or other beetles.
Grain treated with DiPel 2X can be used at any time after treatment
for any use.
As a surface treatment, apply '% Ib. DiPel 2X in 5-10 gals. of water
per 500 sq. ft. of grain surface area, mix into top 4 inches. For
commodities coarser than shelled corn, increased depth of
treatment according to the habit of the pest.
Apply this rate to the top four to eight feet of nuts when filling the
warehouse.
To prevent and control these pests, spray an even coating of DiPel
2X on the farmer stock peanuts while filling the warehouse. To
make the spray solution, mix 3% Ibs. DiPel 2X per 5 gallons of
water. Apply to 15 tons of commodity. Do not pre-mix more spray
solution than will be used within 12 hours. Keep the spray
suspension agitated during application, and use pressures and
nozzles sufficient to handle this suspension.
Before filling the warehouse, clean thoroughly, then spray interior
of the facility with a DiPel 2X suspension at the rate of 1% Ib. DiPel
2X per 100 gallons water. Spray enough suspension to wet all
cracks and crevices.
For bagged peanuts, treat the whole mass of commodity at the rate
indicated.
Apply 0.2 ounce (approx. 2% tsps.) of DiPel 2X in one quart of
water per 100 pounds of tobacco as a fine mist spray. Avoid
overwetting. Tobacco should have just enough moisture to be
handled without shattering at the time of application.
Tobacco to be Stored up to Twelve Months:
Spray loose leaves as the tobacco is being bundled from the curing
barn. For tobacco on sticks, treat both sides of leaves.
Stored Tobacco:
For tobacco which is to be carried over, rebundle or restack sticks,
fluff up tobacco and spray loose leaves. For tobacco that has been
stored over three weeks, apply at first signs of infestation, promptly
open bundles, spray loose leaves, then rebundle.
Treatment of Storage Barns:
If tobacco has been treated, or is going to be treated, treatment of
the floors and walls may be made to aid in control. Sweep out the
area, especially cracks and corners, and all of the loose tobacco
pieces in which the moth might breed. Make a spray mixture -
containing 1% 0z. DiPel 2X per 21% gallons of water. Apply this at a
rate of % gallon per 1,000 sa. ft. of surface area. Be sure to spray
into cracks and between floorboards.
5.7
5.8
6.0
APPLICATION RATE FOR TREES AND FORESTS*
Lbs./100 Gallons** Lbs./Acre
Pest (Ground Equip) (Aerial***)
Gypsy Moth V4 - Vo Y%-1\%
Bagworm Y%- Vo Yy-1%
Redhumped Caterpillar Wye V% W%y-1%
Spring & Fall Cankerworm Yy- Vy W-1\%
Fall Webworm V4 - V4 W-1%
Elm Spanworm V4 - Va W-1%
Tent Caterpillars Wy -V Y%-1'%
California Oakworm Wy - Vy Wm -1%
Pine Butterfly V4 - Vg W-1%
Spruce Budworms Wy - % %m-1"%
Saddle Prominent Caterpillar Wy -% Y%- 1%
Douglas Fir Tussock Moth V4 - Vy %-1\%
Western Tussock Moth Va - Yq %-1%
Fruittree Leafroller Wy -% Wy-1\%
Blackheaded Budworm Wy - Vy Y-1%
Mimosa Webworm Ya = V4 VYWpo- 1%
Jack Pine Budworm W%y-% Y- 1%
Saddleback Caterpillar Wy -V% Y-1%
Greenstriped Mapleworm Wy-V% Yo-1%
* Forest, Shade, Sugar Maple trees and Ornamentals.
*“ Rate for hydraulic sprayer. For mist blowers, mix the applicable
amount (Ibs.) in 10 gallons of water.
*** For aerial application, use in one to five gallons of water
depending on type and density of trees. For best results, spray
systems which deliver droplet size of LESS THAN 150 microns
should be used.
APPLICATION RATE FOR
SMALLER SPRAY VOLUMES
Use This Amount
If Rate is Per Gallon
1/4 lb./acre or 100 gals. 1/2 tsp.
1/2 |b./acre or 100 gals. 1 tsp.
1 Ib./acre or 100 gals. 2 tsps.
2 lbs./acre or 100 gals. 4 tsps.
NOTICE TO USER
Seller makes no warranty, express or implied, of
merchantability, fitness or otherwise concerning the
use of this product other than as indicated on the label.
User assumes all risks of use, storage or handling not
in strict accordance with accompanying directions.
© 1992, Abbott Laboratories
Abbott Laboratories — Quality Health Care Worldwide
Agricultural Products, North Chicago IL 60064 (800) 323-9597
‘ Biological.Insecticide:** ::
“ Emulsifiable: Suspension:
Bpctive Ingredient:
Bacillus thuringiensis, subsp. kurstaki,
13,200 International Units of Potency per mg
i (48 Billion International Units per gallon) ...
Inert Ingredients
EPA Reg. No. 275-48
c Est. No. 33762-IA-1
q INDEX:
2.6%
97.4%
a a ee a ee ee ka pa | Mera
1.0 Precautionary Statements
1.1. Hazards to Humans
1.2 Re-entry Statement
g
3.0
| 4.0 General Information
Application Instructions
5.1 Rate for Forests, Trees and Shrubs
‘| 6.0 Notice to User
Directions for Use
5.0
CAUTION:
Storage and Disposal
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
HAZARDS TO HUMANS
Avoid contact with skin, eyes or clothing. In case of
gz contact, immediately flush eyes or skin with plenty of
water. Get medical attention if irritation persists.
1.2 RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
Do not enter treated areas without protective clothing
until sprays have dried.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
It is a violation of Federal law to use this product in a
manner inconsistent with its labeling.
Do not apply this product through any type of irrigation
system.
il
3.0
4.0
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
Do not contaminate water, food or feed by storage or
disposal.
Storage: Keep containers tightly closed when not in
use. Do not store at temperatures below 0°F or above
90°. Roll or shake the drum before dispensing.
Pesticide Disposal: Wastes resulting from use of this
product may be disposed of on site or at an approved
waste disposal facility. Do not contaminate water when
disposing of equipment washwaters.
Container Disposal: Triple rinse (or equivalent), then
puncture and dispose of in a sanitary landfill, or by other
procedures approved by state and local authorities.
GENERAL INFORMATION
DiPel 6L is a highly selective insecticide for use against
listed caterpillars (larvae) of lepidopterous insects.
Close scouting and early attention to infestations is
highly recommended. Larvae must eat deposits of
DiPel 6L to be affected. Always follow these directions:
e Treat when larvae are young (early instars) before
extensive damage has occurred.
e Larvae must be actively feeding on treated, exposed
plant parts.
e Thorough spray coverage is needed to provide a
uniform deposit of DiPel 6L at the site of larval
feeding.
e Under heavy pest population pressure, use the
higher label rates and/or consider a second
application.
e If attempting to control a pest with a single spray,
make the treatment when egg hatch is essentially
complete, but before extensive crop damage occurs.
e An approved spreader-sticker may be added to
diluted tank mixes to improve weather-fastness of
the spray deposits. Do not add sticker to the
undiluted product.
After eating a lethal dose of DiPel 6L, larvae stop
feeding within the hour and will die within several days.
Dying larvae move slowly, discolor, then shrivel,
blacken and die.
DiPel 6L may be applied in conventional ground or
aerial equipment with quantities of water sufficient to
provide thorough coverage of infested plant parts. The
amount of water needed per acre will depend on
weather, spray equipment and plant canopy type. DiPel
6L should always be mixed with at least an equal
amount of water for diluted applications. Fill the mix
tank or plane hopper with the desired quantity of water
excluding the anticipated volume of rinse water from
containers. Start the mechanical or hydraulic agitation
to provide moderate circulation before adding DiPel 6L.
Add the desired volume of DiPel 6L to the tank or plane
5.0
set
hopper and continue agitation. Then add rinsate from
the original containers. If a spreader-sticker is
recommended, add the required volume to the water
prior to the addition of DiPel and agitate until uniformly
suspended. Mild agitation is sufficient to maintain
mixture suspension during loading and spraying. Do
not mix more DiPel 6L that can be used in a 144-hour
period.
DiPel 6L can also be applied undiluted from aircraft for
control of Spruce Budworm, Hemlock Looper, Jack
Pine Budworm, and Gypsy Moth. It is recommended
that rotary or other atomizers be used to provide droplet
Volume Mean Diameters (VMD) of 20-80 microns for
needle conifers and 50-150 microns for deciduous
hardwoods. CAUTION: Rinse and flush spray
equipment thoroughly following each use. Use oil
solvent for flushing and rinsing undiluted DiPel 6L.
APPLICATION INSTRUCTIONS
DiPel 6L may be used to protect trees and shrubs such
as in:
e Forests
e Residential, municipal, and shade trees
e Recreational areas such as campgrounds, golf
courses, parks, and parkways.
e Shelterbelts, rights of ways, and other easements.
APPLICATION RATE FOR
FORESTS, TREES AND SHRUBS*
02/100 Gal/
Acre’ Oz/Acre
(Ground (Aerial?
Pest Equip.) Applica.) BIU’S/A®
Bagworm 11 to 24 11 to 21 4 to 8
Blackheaded Budworm 21 to 32 21 to 32 8 to 12
Browntail Moth 21 to 54 21 to 54 8 to 20
California Oakworm 11 to 21 11 to 21 4to8
Douglas Fir Tussock Moth 21 to 43 21 to 43 8 to 16
Eastern Pine Looper 32 to 43 32 to 43 12 to 16
Eastern Tent Caterpillar 8 to 21 8 to 21 4to8
Elm Spanworm 11 to 21 A RtOLZa 4to8
Fall Webworm tore) Aton 4to8
Forest Tent Caterpillar 21 to 43 21 to 43 8 to 16
Fruittree Leafroller 11 to 21 _— 4to8
Green Striped Maple Worm 21 to 32 21 to 32 8to12
Gypsy Moth 21 to 107 21to107 8to 40
Hemlock Looper 32 to 43 32 to 43 12 to 16
Jack Pine Budworm 21 to 43 21 to 43 8 to 16
Mim osa Webworm 11 to 21 --- 4to8
Oak Leaftier 21 tors2 21 to 32 8 to 12
Pine Butterfly 21 to 32 21 to 32 8 to 12
Redhumped Caterpillar 11 to 21 11 to 21 4to8
Saddleback Caterpillar 11 to 21 — 4to8
Saddled Prominent 11 to 21 11 to 21 4to8
Caterpillar
Spring & Fall Cankerworm 11 to 21 11 to 21 4to8
Spruce Budworms* 11 to 54 11 to 54 4 to 20
Western Tussock Moth 11 to 21 11 to 21 4to8
6.0
* Forest, shade, sugar maple, trees and shrubs.
' Water dilution rate for hydraulic sprayer may be varied depending
on coverage. For mist blowers, mix the applicable amount (02.) in
up to 10 gallons of water.
2 For aerial application, use in up to 10 gallons of water depending
on type and density of trees. For best results spray systems which
deliver droplet VMD of 150 microns or less should be used. Dipel
6L should always be mixed with at least an equal amount of .
water for diluted applications. Note: For Hemlock Looper and
Eastern Pine Looper use 1-2 applications, undiluted, beginning at
peak first instar. When applying two applications, apply each
application at a recommended rate of 32 ounces/A. First
application is applied at peak first instar and second application is
at second instar. For the high rate, i.e. 43 ounces/A, apply a single
application only at peak first instar.
3 Billion International Units per acre.
* Use rates greater than 21 ounces in Northern states for heavy
populations.
NOTICE TO USER
Seller makes no warranty, express or implied, of
merchantability, fitness or otherwise concerning use of
this product other than as indicated on the label. User
assumes all risks of use, storage or handling not in strict
accordance with accompanying directions.
© 1992, Abbott Laboratories
Abbott Laboratories — Quality Health Care Worldwide
Agricultural Products, North Chicago IL 60064 (800) 323-9597
'.~ Biological Insecticide
=o:¢ Emulsifiable Suspensiomi2:.:...
i Active Ingredient:
Bacillus thuringiensis, subsp. kurstaki,
17,600 International Units of Potency per mg
(64 Billion International Units per gallon) ...
HserreingreactiontSiee ea se, | eaten Tae
E.P.A. Reg. No. 275-51
i | E.P.A. Est. No. 33762-IA-1
3.5%
96.5%
INDEX:
1.0 Precautionary Statements
1.1. Hazards to Humans
1.2 Re-entry Statement
2.0 Directions for Use
3.0 Storage and Disposal
4.0 General Information
5.0 Application Instructions
5.1. Rate for Forests, Trees and Shrubs
‘I 6.0
Notice to User
CAUTION:
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
—_—
.0 PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
1
HAZARDS TO HUMANS
Avoid contact with skin, eyes or clothing. In case of
contact immediately flush eyes or skin with plenty of
water. Get medical attention if irritation persists.
1.2 RE-ENTRY STATEMENTS
Do not enter treated areas without protective clothing
until sprays have dried.
—_
.
0 DIRECTIONS FOR USE
It is a violation of Federal law to use this product in a
manner inconsistent with its labeling.
Do not apply this product through any type of irrigation
system. .
3.0
4.0
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
Do not contaminate water, food or feed by storage or
disposal.
Storage: Keep containers tightly closed when not in
use. Do not store at temperatures below 0°F or above
90°F. Roll or shake the drum before dispensing.
Pesticide Disposal: Wastes resulting from the use of
this product may be disposed of on site or at an
approved waste disposal facility. Do not contaminate
water when disposing of equipment washwaters.
Container Disposal: Triple rinse (or equivalent), then
puncture and dispose of in a sanitary landfill, or by other
procedures approved by state and local authorities.
GENERAL INFORMATION
DiPel 8Lis a highly selective insecticide for use against
listed caterpillars (larvae) of lepidopterous insects.
Close scouting and early attention to infestations is
highly recommended. Larvae must eat deposits of
DiPel 8L to be affected. Always follow these directions:
e Treat when larvae are young (early instars) before
extensive damage has occurred.
e Larvae must be actively feeding on treated, exposed
plant parts.
e- Thorough spray coverage is needed to provide a
uniform deposit of DiPel 8L at the site of larval
feeding.
e Under heavy pest population pressure, use the
higher label rates and/or consider a second
application. :
e lf attempting to control a pest with a single spray,
make the treatment when egg hatch is essentially
complete, but before extensive crop damage occurs.
e An approved spreader-sticker may be added to
diluted tank mixes to improve weather-fastness of
the spray deposits. Do not add sticker to the
undiluted product.
After eating a lethal dose of DiPel 8L, larvae stop
feeding within the hour and will die within several days.
Dying larvae move slowly, discolor, then shrivel,
blacken and die.
DiPel 8L may be applied in conventional ground or
aerial equipment with quantities of water sufficient to
provide thorough coverage of infested plant parts. The
amount of water needed per acre will depend on
weather, spray equipment, and plant canopy type.
DiPel 8L should always be mixed with at least an
equal amount of water for diluted applications. Fill
the mix tank or plane hopper with the desired quantity
of water excluding the anticipated volume of rinse water
from containers. Start the mechanical or hydraulic
agitation to provide moderate circulation before adding
DiPel 8L. Add the desired volume of DiPel 8L to the tank
5.0
al
or plane hopper and continue agitation. Then add
rinsate from the original containers. If a
spreader-sticker is recommended, add the required
volume to the water prior to the addition of DiPel and
agitate until uniformly suspended. Mild agitation is
sufficient to maintain mixture Suspension during
loading and spraying. Do not mix more DiPel 8L than
can be used in a 144-hour period.
DiPel 8L can also be applied undiluted from aircraft for
control of Spruce Budworm, Hemlock Looper, Jack
Pine Budworm, and Gypsy Moth. It is recommended
that rotary or other atomizers be used to provide droplet
Volume Mean Diameters (VMD) of 20-80 microns for
needle conifers and 50-150 microns for deciduous
hardwoods. CAUTION: Rinse and flush spray
equipment thoroughly following each use. Use oil
solvent for flushing and rinsing undiluted DiPel 8L.
APPLICATION INSTRUCTIONS
DiPel 8L may be used to protect trees and shrubs such
as in:
e Forests.
e Residential, municipal, and shade trees areas.
e Recreational areas such as campgrounds, golf
courses, parks, and parkways.
e Shelterbelts, rights of ways, and other easements.
APPLICATION RATE FOR
FORESTS, TREES AND SHRUBS*
02/100 Gai/
Acre! Oz/Acre
(Ground (Aerial?
Pest Equip.) Applica.) BIU’S/A°
Bagworm 8 to 16 8 to 16 4to8
Blackheaded Budworm 16 to 24 16 to 24 8 to 12
Browntail Moth 16 to 40 16 to 40 8 to 20
California Oakworm 8 to 16 8 to 16 4to8
Douglas Fir Tussock Moth 16 to 32 16 to 32 8 to 16
Eastern Pine Looper 24 to 32 24 to 32 12 to 16
Eastern Tent Caterpillar 8 to 16 8 to 16 4to8
Elm Spanworm 8 to 16 8 to 16 4to8
Fall Webworm 8 to 16 8 to 16 4to8
Forest Tent Caterpillar 16 to 32 16 to 32 8 to 16
Fruittree leafroller 8 to 16 _ 4to8
Green Striped Maple Worm _ 16 to 24 16 to 24 8 to 12
Gypsy Moth 16 to 80 16 to 80 8 to 40
Hemlock Looper 24 to 32 24 to 32 12 to 16
Jack Pine Budworm 16 to 32 16 to 32 8 to 16
Mimosa Webworm 8 to 16 — 4to8
Oak Leaftier 16 to 24 16 to 24 8 to 12
Pine Butterfly 16 to 24 16 to 24 8 to 12
Redhumped Caterpillar 8 to 16 8 to 16 4 to 8
Saddteback Caterpillar 8 to 16 -~ 4to8
Saddled Prominent 8 to 16 8 to 16 4to8
Caterpillar
Spring & Fall Cankerworm = 8 to 16 8 to 16 4to8
Spruce Budworms* 16 to 40 16to40 8to20
Western Tussock Moth 8 to 16 8 to 16 4to8
6.0
el
* Forest, shade, sugar maple, trees and shrubs.
' Water dilution rate for hydraulic sprayer may be varied depending
on coverage. For mist blowers, mix the applicable amount (02.) in
up to 10 gallons of water.
2 For aerial application, use in up to 10 gallons of water depending
on type and density of trees. For best results spray systems which
deliver droplet VMD of 150 microns or less should be used. Dipel
8L should always be mixed with at least an equal amount of water
for diluted applications. NOTE: For Hemlock Looper and Eastern
Pine Looper use 1-2 applications undiluted, beginning at peak first
instar. When applying two applications, apply each application at
a recommended rate of 24 ounces/A. First application is applied at
peak first instar and second application is at second instar. For the
high rate, i.e. 32 ounces/A, apply single application only at peak
first instar.
3 Billion International Units per acre.
* Use rates greater than 16 ounces in Northern states for heavy
populations.
NOTICE TO USER
Seller makes no warranty, express or implied, of
merchantability, fitness or otherwise concerning use of
this product other than as indicated on the label. User
assumes all risks of use, storage or handling not in strict
accordance with accompanying directions.
© 1992, Abbott Laboratories
Abbott Laboratories — Quality Health Care Worldwide
Agricultural Products, North Chicago IL 60064 (800) 323-9597
—
; _ Biological Insecticid
2" Aqueous Flowable::
i
t
(48 Billion International Units per gallon) .
T REGISTERED IN CALIFORNIA
ive Ingredient:
Bacillus thuringiensis, subsp. kurstaki,
10,750 International Units of Potency per mg
2.15%
inerbingredients’. te, iP BL ate hn. 97.85%
mA Reg. No. 275-59
A Est. No. 33762-IA-1
INDEX:
1.0 Precautionary Statements
1.1. Hazards to Humans
1.2 Re-entry Statement
2.0 Directions for Use
3.0 Storage and Disposal
4.0 General Information
5.0 Application Instructions
5.1 Rate for Forests, Trees anti Shrubs
6.0 Notice to User
ho
— a
So
CAUTION:
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
HAZARDS TO HUMANS
Avoid contact with skin, eyes or clothing. In case of
contact immediately flush eyes or skin with plenty of
water. Get medical attention if irritation persists.
RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
Do not enter treated areas without protective clothing
until sprays have dried.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
It is a violation of Federal law to use this product in a
manner inconsistent with its labeling.
Do not apply this product through any type of irrigation
system.
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
Do not contaminate water, food or feed by storage or
disposal.
Storage: Keep containers tightly closed when not in
use. Do not store at temperatures below 0°F or above
90°F. Roll or shake the drum before dispensing.
Pesticide Disposal: Wastes resulting from the use of
this product may be disposed of on site or at an
approved waste disposal facility. Do not contaminate
water when disposing of equipment washwaters.
Container Disposal: Triple rinse (or equivalent),
puncture and dispose of in a sanitary landfill, or by other
procedures approved by state and local authorities.
GENERAL INFORMATION
DIPEL 6AF is a highly selective insecticide for use
against listed caterpillars (larvae) of lepidopterous
insects. Close scouting and early attention to
infestations is highly recommended. Larvae must eat
deposits of DiPel 6AF to be affected. Always follow
these directions:
e Treat when larvae are young (early instars) before
the trees are extensively damaged.
e Larvae must be actively feeding on treated, exposed
plant parts.
e Thorough spray coverage is needed to provide a
uniform deposit of DiPel 6AF at the site of larval
feeding.
e Under heavy pest population pressure, use the
higher label rates and/or consider a second
application.
e If attempting to control a pest with a single spray,
make the treatment when egg hatch is essentially
complete, but before extensive crop damage occurs.
e An approved spreader-sticker may be added to
diluted tank mixes to improve weather-fastness of
the spray deposits. Do not add a sticker to undiluted
product.
After eating a lethal dose of DiPel 6AF, larvae stop
feeding within the hour and will die within several days.
Dying larvae move slowly, discolor, then shrivel,
blacken and die.
DiPel 6AF is completely water miscible and may be
applied through conventional ground or aerial
equipment with quantities of water sufficient to provide
thorough coverage of infested plant parts. The volume
of water needed per acre will depend on weather, spray
equipment and plant canopy type. It is recommended
that DiPel 6AF be added to water and not in reverse
order. Fill the mix tank with the appropriate quantity of
water excluding the anticipated volume of rinse water
from containers. Start the mechanical or hydraulic
agitation to provide moderate circulation before adding
5.0
Dat
DiPel 6AF. Add the required volume of DiPel 6AF to the
mix tank or plane hopper and continue agitation. Then
add rinsate from the original containers. If a
spreader-sticker is recommended, add the required
amount to the water prior to the addition of DiPel and
agitate until uniformly suspended. Mild agitation is
sufficient to maintain mixture suspension during
loading and spraying. Do not mix more DiPel 6AF that
can be used in a 144 hour period.
CAUTION: Rinse and flush spray equipment
thoroughly with water following each use.
DiPel 6AF can also be applied undiluted from aircraft
for control of Spruce Budworm, Hemlock Looper, Jack
Pine Budworm, and Gypsy Moth. It is recommended
that rotary or other atomizers be used to provide droplet
Volume Mean Diameters (VMD) of 20-80 microns for
needle conifers and 50-150 microns for deciduous
hardwoods. After prolonged storage, undiluted DiPel
6AF should be recirculated once to redistribute prior to
use. During loading and spraying, agitation of the
undiluted product is unnecessary and should be
avoided.
APPLICATION INSTRUCTIONS
DiPel 6AF may be used to protect trees and shrubs
such as in:
e Forests
e Residential, municipal, and shade tree areas.
e Recreational areas such as campgrounds, golf
courses, parks, and parkways.
e Ornamental, shade tree, and forest nurseries.
e Shelterbelts, rights of way, and other easements.
APPLICATION RATE FOR
FORESTS, TREES AND SHRUBS*
0z/100 Gal/ Ounces/
Acre’ Acre
(Ground _ (Aerial
Pest Equip.) Applica.) BIU’S/A®
Bagworm 11 to 21 11 to 21 4to8
Blackheaded Budworm 21 to 32 21 to 32 8 to 12
Browntail Moth 21 to 54 21 to 54 8 to 20
California Oakworm 11 to 21 11 to 21 4to8
Douglas Fir Tussock Moth 21 to 43 21 to 43 8 to 16
Eastern Pine Looper 32 to 43 32 to 43 12 to 16
Eastern Tent Caterpillar 11 to 21 letOned 4to8
Elm Spanworm 11 to 21 11 to 21 4to8
Fall Webworm 11 to 21 11 to 21 4to8
Forest Tent Caterpillar 21 to 43 21 to 43 8 to 16
Fruittree Leafroller 11 to 21 _ 4to 8
Green Striped Maple Worm 21 to 32 21 to 32 8to 12
Gypsy Moth 21 to 107 21to107 8to40
Hemlock Looper 32 to 43 32 to 43 12 to 16
Jack Pine Budworm 21 to 43 21 to 43 8 to 16
Mimosa Webworm 11 to 21 _— 4to8
Oak Leaftier 21 to 32 21 to 32 8 to 12
5.1
6.0
APPLICATION RATE FOR
FORESTS, TREES AND SHRUBS* (cont.)
Oz/100 Gal/ Ounces/
Acre’ Acre
(Ground _—_(Aeriai?
Pest Equip.) Applica.) BIU’S/A®
Pine Butterfly 21 to 32 21to32 8tol2
Redhumped Caterpillar 11 to 21 11 to 21 4to8
Saddleback Caterpillar 11 to 21 — 4to8
Saddled Prominent 11 to 21 Aetorea 4to8
Caterpillar
Spring & Fall Cankerworm 11 to 21 11 to 21 4to8
Spruce Budworms 11 to 80 11 to 80 4 to 30
Western Tussock Moth 11 to 21 11 to 21 4to8
* Forest, shade, sugar maple, trees and shrubs.
' Water dilution rate for hydraulic sprayer may be varied depending
on coverage. For mist blowers, mix the applicable amount (02.) in
up to 10 gallons of water.
2 For diluted aerial application, use in up to 10 gallons of water
depending on type and density of trees. For best results spray
systems which deliver droplet size of 150 microns VMD, or less
should be used. NOTE: For Hemlock Looper and Eastern Pine
Looper use 1-2 applications, undiluted, beginning at peak first
instar. When applying two applications, apply each application at
a recommended rate of 32 ounces/A. First application is applied at
peak first instar and second application is at second instar. For the
high rate, i.e. 43 ounces/A, apply single application only at first
instar.
3 Billion International Units per acre.
* Use rates greater than 21 ounces in Northern states for heavy
populations.
NOTICE TO USER
Seller makes no warranty, express or implied, of
merchantability, fitness or otherwise concerning use of
this product other than as indicated on the label. User
assumes all risks of use, storage or handling notin strict
accordance with accompanying directions.
© 1992, Abbott Laboratories
Abbott Laboratories — Quality Health Care Worldwide
Agricultural Products, North Chicago IL 60064 (800) 323-9597
=__eee——eET,lC( ll LS TOO UlhClhlhlhlhlhlC Th eT UhCUChChCl lllUhlC)MWlhlUl TV
‘iY C=]. ABBOTT. EABORATORIE
REGISTERED IN CALIFORNIA
2.9%
re eS te
(64 Billion International Units per gallon) ...
Z| INDEX:
2.0 Directions for Use
6.0 Notice to User
Active Ingredient:
(ELE 81g 21S) Bt Coca once npg tp eo eecrnnepme
1.0 Precautionary Statements
z 3.0 Storage and Disposal
4.0
i] Bacillus thuringiensis, subsp. kurstaki,
PA Reg. No. 275-67
1.1. Hazards to Humans
General Information
5.0 Application Instructions
CAUTION:
a.
1
14,500 International Units of Potency per mg.
SEPA Est No. 33762-IA-1
1.2 Re-entry Statement
5.1 Rate for Forest, Trees and Shrubs
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
HAZARDS TO HUMANS
Avoid contact with skin, eyes or clothing. In case of
contact immediately flush eyes or skin with plenty of
water. Get medical attention if irritation persists.
RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
Do not enter treated areas without protective clothing
until sprays have dried.
7
a:
a, DIRECTIONS FOR USE
It is a violation of federal law to use this product in a
manner inconsistent with its labeling.
Do not apply this product through any type of irrigation
system.
3.0
4.0
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
Do not contaminate water, food or feed by storage or
disposal.
Storage: Keep containers tightly-closed when not in
use. Do not store at temperatures below 0°F or above
90°F. Roll or shake the drum before dispensing.
Pesticide Disposal: Wastes resulting from the use of
this product may be disposed of on site or at an
approved waste disposal facility. Do not contaminate
water when disposing of equipment washwaters.
Container Disposal: Triple rinse (or equivalent),
puncture and dispose of in a sanitary landfill, or by other
procedures approved by state and local authorities.
GENERAL INFORMATION
DiPel 8AF is a highly selective insecticide for use
against listed caterpillars (larvae) of lepidopterous
insects. Close scouting and early attention to
infestations is highly recommended. Larvae must eat
deposits of DiPel 8AF to be affected. Always follow
these directions: ;
e Treat when larvae are young (early instars) before
extensive damage has occurred.
e Larvae must be actively feeding on treated, exposed
plant parts.
e Thorough spray coverage is needed to provide a
uniform deposit of DiPel 8AF at the site of larval
feeding.
e Under heavy pest population pressure, use the
higher label rates and/or consider a second
application.
e lf attempting to control a pest with a single spray,
make the treatment when egg hatch is essentially
complete, but before extensive crop damage occurs.
e An approved spreader-sticker may be added to
diluted tank mixes to improve weather-fastness of
the spray deposits. Do not add sticker to the
undiluted product.
After eating a lethal dose of DiPel 8AF, larvae stop
feeding within the hour and will die within several days.
Dying larvae move slowly, discolor, then shrivel,
blacken and die.
DiPel 8AF is completely water miscible and may be
applied through conventional ground or aerial
equipment with quantities of water sufficient to provide
thorough coverage of infested plant parts. The volume
of water needed per acre will depend on weather, spray
equipment and plant canopy type. It is recommended
that DiPel 8AF be added to water and not in reverse
order. Fill the mix tank with the appropriate quantity of
water excluding the anticipated volume of rinse water
from containers. Start the mechanical or hydraulic
agitation to provide moderate circulation before adding
5.0
ost
DiPel 8AF. Add the required volume of DiPel 8AF to the
mix tank or plane hopper and continue agitation. Then
add rinsate from the original containers. If a
spreader-sticker is recommended, add the required
volume to the water prior to the addition of DiPel and
agitate until uniformly suspended. Mild agitation is
sufficient to maintain mixture Suspension during
loading and spraying. Do not mix more DiPel 8AF that
can be used in a 144 hour period.
CAUTION: Rinse and flush spray equipment
thoroughly with water following each use.
DiPel 8AF can also be applied undiluted from aircraft
for control of Spruce Budworm, Hemlock Looper, Jack
Pine Budworm, and Gypsy Moth. It is recommended
that rotary or other atomizers be used to provide droplet
Volume Mean Diameters (VMD) of 20 to 80 microns for
needle conifers and 50-150 microns for deciduous
hardwoods. After prolonged storage, undiluted DiPel
8AF should be recirculated once to redistribute prior to
use. During loading and spraying, agitation of the
undiluted product is unnecessary and should be
avoided.
APPLICATION INSTRUCTIONS
DiPel 8AF may be used to protect trees and shrubs
such as in:
e Forests
e Residential, municipal, and shade tree areas.
e Recreational areas such as campgrounds, golf
courses, parks, and parkways.
e Ornamental, shade tree, and forest nurseries.
e Shelterbelts, rights of way, and other easements.
APPLICATION RATE FOR
FOREST, TREES AND SHRUBS*
02/100 Gal/
Acre’ Oz/Acre
(Ground _—(Aerial*
Pest Equip.) Applica.) BIU’S/A®
Bagworm 8 to 16 8 to 16 4to8
Blackheaded Budworm 16 to 24 16 to 24 8 to 12
Browntail Moth 16 to 40 16 to 40 8 to 20
California Oakworm 8 to 16 8 to 16 4to8
Douglas Fir Tussock Moth 16 to 32 16 to 32 8 to 16
Eastern Pine Looper 24 to 32 24 to 32 12 to 16
Eastern Tent Caterpillar 8 to 16 8 to 16 4108
Elm Spanworm 8 to 16 8 to 16 4to8
Fall Webworm 8 to 16 8 to 16 4to8
Forest Tent Caterpillar 16 to 32 16 to 32 8 to 16
Fruittree leafroller 8 to 16 — 4to8
Green Striped Maple Worm 16 to 24 16 to 24 8 to 12
Gypsy Moth 16 to 80 16 to 80 8 to 40
Hemlock Looper 24 to 32 24 to 32 12 to 16
Jack Pine Budworm 16 to 32 16 to 32 8 to 16
Mimosa Webworm 8 to 16 _ 4to8
Oak Leaftier 16 to 24 16 to 24 8 to 12
Pine Butterfly 16 to 24 16 to 24 8 to 12
Redhumped Caterpillar 8 to 16 8 to 16 4to8
3.1
6.0
APPLICATION RATE FOR
FOREST, TREES AND SHRUBS* (cont.)
Oz/100 Gal/
Acre! Oz/Acre
(Ground _— (Aerial?
Pest Equip.) Applica.) BIU’S/A®
Saddleback Caterpillar 8 to 16 — 4to8
Saddled Prominent 8 to 16 8 to 16 4ta8
Caterpillar
Spring & Fall Cankerworm = 8 to 16 8 to 16 4to8
Spruce Budworms* 16 to 40 16to40 8to20
Western Tussock Moth 8 to 16 8 to 16 4to8
* Forest, shade, sugar maple, trees and shrubs.
' Water dilution rate for hydraulic sprayer may be varied depending
on coverage. For mist blowers, mix the applicable amount (0Z.) in
up to 10 gallons of water.
? For diluted aerial application, use in up to 10 gallons of water
depending on type and density of trees. For best results spray
systems which deliver droplet VMD of 150 microns or less should
be used. NOTE: For Hemlock Looper and Eastern Pine Looper use
1-2 applications undiluted, beginning at peak first instar. When
applying two applications, apply each application at a
recommended rate of 24 ounces/A. First application is applied at
peak first instar and second application at second instar. For the
high rate, i.e. 32 ounces/A, apply single application only at peak
first instar.
3 Billion International Units per acre.
* Use rates greater than 16 ounces in Northern states for heavy
populations.
NOTICE TO USER
Seller makes no warranty, express or implied, of
merchantability, fitness or otherwise concerning use of
this product other than as indicated on the label. User
assumes all risks of use, storage or handling not in strict
accordance with accompanying directions.
© 1992, Abbott Laboratories
Abbott Laboratories — Quality Health Care Worldwide
Agricultural Products, North Chicago IL 60064 (800) 323-9597
—_——_—_, se,
ii nnn
———— al
————" 7 a _—_,, [at | _—- [_ ow
Flowable Concentrate _
Forest; Trees and Shrubs =~
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
CAUTION
If in eyes, flush with plenty of water. Get medical attention if irritation persists.
ACTIVE INGREDIENT:
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki 10,600
International Units (lU)/mg of product (equivalent
to 48 billion !U/gallon) 2.1%
INERT INGREDIENTS: 97.9%
TOTAL 100%
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS: Hazards to Humans and Domestic
Animals: May cause eye irritation. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, open wounds
or clothing. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling.
Environmental Hazards: Do not contaminate water when disposing of equip-
ment washwaters.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE:
It is a violation of Federal Law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with
its labeling. FORAY contains the spores and endotoxin crystals of Bacillus
thuringiensis kurstaki. FORAY is a stomach poison and has high specific ac-
tivity against lepidopterous larvae. After ingestion, larvae stop feeding within.
hours and die 2-5 days later. Maximum activity is exhibited against early instar
larvae. FORAY 48B Flowablie Concentrate may be used for both ground.and
aerial application. The product should be shaken or stirred before use. Add
some water to the tank mix, pour the recommended amount of FORAY 48B
into the tank and then add the remaining amount of water to obtain the proper
mix ratio. Agitate as necessary to maintain the suspension. The. diluted mix
should be used within 72 hours.
Ground Application: Use an adequate amount of tank mix to obtain thorough
coverage without excessive run off. Use the recommended per acre dosages
of FORAY 488 in the following amounts of water:
100 gallons
10 gallons
High volume hydraulic sprayers
Mist blowers
Aerial Application: FORAY 48B may be applied aerially, either alone or diluted
with water at the dosages shown in the application rates table. Spray volumes
of 32-128 ounces per acre are recommended. Best results are expected
when FORAY 488 is applied to dry foliage.
a ee Ee ee eee
RE-ENTRY: FORAY may be applied up to and including the day of harvest.
eS
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL: Do not contaminate water, food or feed by
storage or disposal of waste.
Storage: Store inacool, dry place. Keep containers tightly closed when not in
use. Store in temperatures above freezing and below 32 degrees C (90
degrees F).
MANUFACTURED FOR: Uy
Novo Nordisk
33 Turner Road
EPA Registration No. 58998-7
EPA Est. No. 58998-0N-001
FO48M91
Tye
J\/
Danbury, Connecticut 06813-1907
Pesticide Disposal: Pesticide waste resulting from the use of this product may
be disposed of on site or at an approved waste disposal facility in accordance
with federal and local regulations
Container Disposal: Triple rinse (or equivalent). Then offer for recycling or
reconditioning, or puncture and dispose of in a sanitary landfill, or by incinera-
tion or, if allowed by state and local authorities, by burning. If burned, stay out
of smoke.
APPLICATION RATES:
Rate” Dosage*
Crop Pests (pts/acre) (BIU/Acre)
Forests, Shade Gypsy moth 1.3-6 8-36
Trees, Ornamentals,
Shrubs, Sugar Spruce budworm, browntail
Maple-Trees, moth, Douglas fir tussock
“Seed Orchards, ~ moth, coneworm 1.3-5 8-30
Ornamental. Fruit,
“Nut°and Citrus Tussock moths, pine
Trees butterfly, bagworm,
leafrollers, tortix, mimosa
webworm, tent caterpillar,
jackpine budworm, black
headed budworm, elm
spanworm, saddled prominent,
saddleback caterpillar and
hemlock looper 1-2.7 6-16
Redhumped caterpillars,
spring and fall cankerworm,
California oakworm,
fall webworm O7-173 428
*Use the higher recommended rates on advanced larval stages or under
high density larval populations.
WARRANTY NOTICE: NOVO NORDISK MAKES NO WARRANTY OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE OR OTHERWISE,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, concerning this product or its uses which extend
beyond the use of the product under normal conditions in accord with the
statements made on this label. In no case shall the seller be liable for con-
sequential, special, or indirect damages resulting from the use or handling
of this product. All such risks shall be assumed by the buyer
NET CONTENT
(U.S. GALLONS)
” Hlowable-Concentrate#« <5
Forests, Trees and Shrubs
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
CAUTION
Hf in eyes, flush with plenty of water. Get medical sttention if ritation persists.
E INGREDIENT:
us thuringiensis subsp. kursteki
OOtOran ACTIVE bf OXiMsccessccrecectcnscsasenecsceccscecs seve sd 0
EROSINGREDIENT Scesc. cess escscteeee Ecce cascacanterescscucete 96.7%
NCY: 16,700 International Units (iU)/mg of product (equivalent to 76
lion IW/GAL.). Potency units should not be used to edjust use rates
: those specified in the directions for use section
AUTIONARY STATEMENTS:
mt RS ANIMALS:
HAZARDS TO
Causes moderate eye irritation.
Do not get in eyes, on skin, or
S ANO
rmful if
ed through the skin. i ; i n ing.
breathing spray mist. Wash thoroughly with soap end wager &fter
ling and before eating, drinking, or using tobacco. e e
sntaminated clothing and wesh contaminated clothing before reuse.
ONMENTAL HAZARDS: Do not contaminete water when MG:
uipment washwaters.
TATEMENTS OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT: f& on Skin: Wesh with
y of soap and water. Get medical attention if irntation persists. Wf --
Ase with plenty of water. Call a physician if eye irntat
anner inconsistent with its labeling.
= FOR USE: It is a violation of Federal Law to use this product
RAY contains the
spores and endotoxin crystals of Bacillus
vuringiensis kurstaki. FORAY is 8 stomach poison and hes high specific
ty against lepidopterous larvae. After ingestion, larvee stop feeding
| hours and die 2-5 days later. Maximum ectivity is exhibited against
instar larvae. FORAY 76B may be used for both ground and eerial
aplication. The product should be shaken or stirred before use. Add
water to the tank mix, pour the recommended emount of FORAY
into the tank and then add the remaining emount of water to obtain
roper mix ratio. Agitate as necessary to maintain the suspension.
“ne diluted mix should be used within 72 hours.
nd Application: Use an edequate amount of tank mix to obtain
ugh coverage without excessive run off. Use the recommended per
cre dosages of FORAY 768 in up to the following emounts of water:
High volume hydraulic sprayers 100 gallons
r| Mist blowers 10 gallons
terial Application: FORAY 768 mey be applied eerially, either sione or
ed with water at the dosages shown in the application rates table.
1y volumes of 32-128 ounces per acre are recommended. Best results
xpected when FORAY 768 is applied to dry foliage.
am FORAY may be applied up to and including the day of harvest.
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL: Do not contaminate water, food or feed by
6torage or disposal of weste.
Storage: Store in @ cool, dry place. Keep containers tightly closed when
not in uss. Store in termperatures above freezing and below 25 degrees C
(77 degrees F).
Pesticide Disposel: Pesticide weste resulting from the use of this product
may be disposed of on site or st an approved weste disposal facility in
eccordance with federal and loca! regquistions.
Container Disposal: Tnple rinse (or equivalent). Then offer for recycling or
reconditioning, of puncture and dispose of in @ senitary landfill, or by
incineration, or, if allowed by state and local authorities, by burning. IH
burned, stay out of smoke. Reuse of thoroughly cleaned container is
allowed.
APPLICATION RATES:
o Pests Rate* Dosage®
02./acre jacre)
Flys Gypsy moth 13.5-67.5 8-40
Shaafe Trees,
Ornamentsis, Spruce budworm,
Shrubs, browntail moth,
Sugar Mal Dougies fir
Trees, See tussock moth,
Orcherds, J coneworm 13.5-50.5 8-30
Ornamental
Fruit, Nut Q
end Citrus Tye@eock moths,
Trees utterfly,
worm,
eelegiors
tonrix, mimosa
webworm, tent
caterpillar,
jackpine budworm,
lack headed budworm,
elm spanworm, saddied
prominent, saddieback
caterpillar and
hemlock looper 10.0- 27.0 6-16
Redhumped
caterpillars,
spring and fall 4
cankerworm, -“
California cek worm
fall webworm 7.0-13.5 4-8
Use the higher recommended rates on edvanced larval stages or under
high density lerve!l populetions.
WARRANTY: NOVO NORDISK MAKES NO WARRANTY OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE, OR OTHERWISE,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, concerning this product or its uses which extend
beyond the use of the product under normal conditions in accord with the
statements made on this label. In no case shall the seller be liabie for
consequential, or indirect damages resulting from the use or handling of
this product. All such risks shall be assumed by the buyer.
mr eae iS ga TERE EE EEE AE
Manufactured For:
Novo Nordisk
33 Turner Road
@
, 7a)
Reg. No. 58998-17
fi: No. 58998-DN-002 An
i:
NET CONTENT
(U.S. GALLONS)
Danbury, Connecticut 06813-1907
It is a violation of federal law to use this product in a manner
inconsistent with its labeling.
LARVO-BT is recommended for aerial applications at rates of
1-10 gallons total spray solution per acre and for ground spray
machine application at rates of 10-20 gallons total spray
solution per acre. Complete coverage of plants is essential for
effective pest control.
LARVO-BT is a highly concentrated insecticide. The
recommended rate for control of the following pests on the
following crops is: 2 fl. oz of LARVO-BT per acre.
CROP PEST
Vegetables, Strawberries, Cabbage looper
beans, broccoli, brussel Imported cabbageworm
sprouts, cabbage, Diamondback moth
cauliflower, celery, Fall webworm
cucumbers, lettuce, Horn worm
mustard greens, melons, Beet armyworm
potatoes, spinach, Corn earworm
tomatoes, turnip greens
———————————————————————————————————————EE
Orchards, Fruit Trees, Fall webworm
Forest Land Red humped caterpillar
almond, apple, grape, Tent caterpillar
orange, pecan, walnut, Leaf rollers, folders
shade trees, spruce Orangedog
Fruittree leafroller
Eastern spruce budworm
Gypsy moth
Bag worm
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
HAZARDOUS TO HUMANS
Avoid inhalation or contact with eyes, skin, or open wounds. Do
not inhale spray mist In case of contact, immediately flush eyes
or skin with plenty of water.
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD WARNING
Do not discharge effluent containing this product into lakes,
streams, ponds, estuaries, oceans, or public water unless this
product is specifically identified and addressed in a NPDES
permit Do not discharge effluent containing this product to
sewer systems without previously notifying the sewage treat-
ment plant authority. For guidance, contact your State Water
Board or Regional Office of the EPA. Do not contaminate water
when disposing of equipment washwaters.
Forestry Use: Do not apply directly to water or wetlands
(swamps, bogs, marshes, and potholes). Aerial application over
such sites is permissible only when they are not visible from
above the tree canopy. Do not contaminate water when
disposing of equipment washwaters.
Direct Water Application: Do not apply directly to treated,
finished drinking water reservoirs or drinking water receptacles.
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
Storage: Store in cool place. Protect from freezing. Do not allow
spray solution to stand more than 12 hours before use. Avoid
contamination and loss of potency of opened containers by
closing containers tightly after use.
Disposal: Do not reuse empty containers. Perforate or crush and
discard container according to local trash disposal regulations.
FERMONE CORPORATION, INC.
2620 N. 37TH DR., PHOENIX, AZ 85009 « (602) 233-9047
Sik cyan bay besa Net Gad Fay Sis:
8 ip i > Cg aie
> Ty Sn a VE me oe i ae
PEST
European Skipper
Rangeland caterpillar
Fall armyworm
CROP
Rangeland, Pastureland
pasture, hay, small grains,
forage crops
Cotton bollworm
Tobacco budworm
Cabbage looper
Beet armyworm
Green cloverworm
Velvetbean caterpillar
Soybean looper
Cabbage looper
Cotton bollworm
Tobacco budworm
Cabbage looper
Horn worm
Cotion
Soybeans
Tobacco
Cabbage loopers
Omnivorous looper
Greenhouse Flowers,
Ornamentals
WARRANTY
FERMONE CORPORATION, INC. warrants that this product (1)
conforms to the ingredient statement on the label and (2) is
reasonably fit for the purposes set forth in the Directions for Use.
EXCEPT ASSO WARRANTEED THE PRODUCT IS SOLD AS|IS.
FERMONE CORPORATION, INC. MAKES NO OTHER
WARRANTY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED.
'
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—_
AQUEOUS CONCENTRATE FOR AERIAL OR GROUND APPLICATION
FOR CONTROL OF ORNAMENTAL, SHADE TREE, AND FOREST PESTS
SHG MIEN MAB EER
ACTIVE INGREDIENT:
Bacillus thuringiensis, subspecies kurstaki potency
of 8,000 International Units
(at least 12 million viable spores)
Or MONET RET E ence eee ss ra a 1.6%
INERLINGREDIEN TS: «..; scan eae Go 98.4%
TOTAL ... 100.0%
*Equivalent to 8.0 billion International Units per
quart.
EPA Reg. No. 55947-69
EPA Est. No. 55947-CA-2
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
CAUTION
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
HAZARDS TO HUMANS
Avoid inhalation or contact with eyes or open
wounds.
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Do not contaminate water when disposing of
equipment washwaters.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
It is a violation of Federal law to use this product ina
manner inconsistent with its labeling.
Suspension must be shaken or stirred before use.
Pour the recommended amount of THURICIDE® 32LV
into the required volume of water in the spray tank.
Agitate as necessary to maintain suspension. Do not
allow diluted sprays to remain in the tank for more -
than 72 hours. THURICIDE 32LV is formulated to
provide desirable coverage and stickability on leaf
surfaces. Additional adjuvants, spreaders, or
stickers may be added but are not essential.
Do not apply this product through any type of
irrigation system.
GROUND APPLICATION
Use adequate water to obtain good foliar coverage.
Wet foliage but do not allow excessive run-off. Apply
the recommended per acre rates of THURICIDE 32LV
with the following suggested amounts of water:
100 gallons with high-gallonage hydraulic sprayers
10 gallons with mist blower
AERIAL APPLICATION
Apply THURICIDE 32LV at recommended rates as a
spray mix diluted with water. Use not less than one
half gallon of spray mix per acre. Best results are
obtained when THURICIDE 32LV is applied to dry
foliage with a calibrated aircraft capable of
obtaining droplet sizes below 300 microns and
preferably in the range of 50-150 microns.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Thorough coverage is essential when using
THURICIDE® 32LV. Use the lower rate for light to
moderate infestations. Use the higher rates against
heavier worm infestations.
Dosage
Ounces BIU Directions
Pest Per Acre Per Acre For Use
Spring Cankerworm 16-64 4-16 Apply when leaf
Fall Cankerworm 16-64 4-16 expansion reaches
Elm Spanworm 16-64 4-16 40-50% as infestation
Tent Caterpillar 16-64 4-16 warrants. If eggs hatch
Gypsy Moth 32-160 8-40 over along period of
time or if reinfestation
occurs, respray about
14 days after the first
application.
Spruce Budworm 24-160 6-40 Apply when most larvae
are 3rd-4th instar. Also
consider the opening of
the bud cap to ensure
foliage exposure.
Douglass Fir Apply after eggs have
Tussock Moth 16-128 4-32 hatched and early instar
Jack Pine Budworm 16-64 4-16 larvae are feeding on
Bagworm 16-64 4-16 exposed foliage.
California Oak Moth 16-64 4-16
Western
Tussock Moth 16-64 4-16
Fruit Tree Leafroller 16-64 4-16
Mimosa Webworm 16-64 4-16
Redhumped
Caterpillar 8-48 2-12
Fall Webworm 8-32 2- 8
Pine Butterfly 24-96 6-28
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
STORAGE
Store in a cool place. Activity may be impaired by
storage at temperatures above 90°F Do not
contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or
disposal.
PESTICIDE DISPOSAL
Wastes resulting from this product may be disposed
on on-site or at an approved waste disposal facility.
CONTAINER DISPOSAL (Plastic)
Triple rinse (or equivalent). Then offer for recycling
or reconditioning, or puncture and dispose of in a
sanitary landfill, or by incineration, or if allowed by
State and local authorities, by burning. If burned,
stay out of smoke. Reuse of thoroughly cleaned
container is allowable.
CONTAINER DISPOSAL (Metal)
Triple rinse (or equivalent). Then offer for recycling
or reconditioning, or puncture and dispose of in a
sanitary landfill, or by other procedures approved by
State and local authorities. Reuse of thoroughly
cleaned drum is allowable.
LIMITATION OF WARRANTY
AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY
Notice: Read this Limitation of Warranty and Limitation of Liability before
buying or using this product. If the terms are not acceptable, return the
product at once, unopened, and the purchase price will be refunded.
It is impossible to eliminate all risks inherently associated with the use of this
product. Crop injury, ineffectiveness, or other unintended consequences
may result because of such factors as weather conditions, presence of other
materials, or the manner of use or application, all of which are beyond the
control of Sandoz or seller. All such risks shall be assumed by buyer or user.
Sondoz warrants that this product conforms to the chemical description on
the label and is reasonably fit for the purposes stated in the Directions for
Use, under normal use conditions, subject to the risks described above.
Sandoz makes no other express or implied warranty of fitness or of
merchantability or any other express or implied warranty.
In no event shall Sandoz or seller be liable for any incidental, consequential
or special damages resulting from the use or handling of this product. The
exclusive remedy of the user or buyer, and the exclusive liability of Sandoz
or seller for any and all claims, losses, injuries or damages (including
claims based on breach of warranty, contract, negligence, tort, strict
liability or otherwise) resulting from the use or handling of this product,
shall be the return of the purchase price of the product or, at the election of
Sandoz or seller, the replacement of the product.
Sandoz and seller offer this product, and buyer and user accept it, subject to
the foregoing limitations of warranty and limitation of liability, which may
not be modified by any oral or written agreement.
S, SANDOZ
SANDOZ AGRO, INC.
1300 EAST TOUHY AVENUE, DES PLAINES, ILLINOIS 60018
THURICIDE®* 32LV is a Registered Trademark of Sandoz Ltd
©1992 SANDOZ AGRO, INC
April 1992
Des Plaines, IL
AQUEOUS CONCENTRATE FOR AERIAL OR GROUND APPLICATION
FOR CONTROL OF ORNAMENTAL, SHADE TREE, AND FOREST PESTS
SEG IVIEN ABEL
ACTIVE INGREDIENT:
Bacillus thuringiensis, subspecies kurstaki potency
12,000 International Units (at least 18 million
viable spores) per milligram* .......... 2.4%
INERTUNGREDIENT Simei th: teens oe 97.6%
TOTAL... 100.0%
“Equivalent to 12.0 billion International Units per
quart.
EPA Reg. No. 55947-74
EPA Est. No. 55947-CA-2
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
CAUTION
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
HAZARDS TO HUMANS
Avoid inhalation or contact with eyes or open
wounds.
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Do not contaminate water when disposing of
equipment washwaters.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
It is a violation of Federal Law to use this product ina
manner inconsistent with its labeling.
Suspension must be shaken or stirred before use.
Pour the recommended amount of THURICIDE® 48LV
into the required volume of water in the spray tank.
Agitate as necessary to maintain suspension. Do not
allow diluted sprays to remain in the tank for more
than 72 hours. THURICIDE 48LV is formulated to
provide desirable coverage and stickability on leaf
surfaces. Additional adjuvants, spreaders, or
stickers may be added but are not essential.
Do not apply this product through any type of
irrigation system.
GROUND APPLICATION
Use adequate water to obtain good foliar coverage.
Wet foliage but do not allow excessive runoff. Apply
the recommended per acre rates of THURICIDE 48LV
with the following suggested amounts of water:
100 gallons with high-gallonage hydraulic sprayers
10 gallons with mist blower -
AERIAL APPLICATION
Apply THURICIDE 48LV at recommended rates by air
either alone or as a spray mix diluted with water.
Spray volumes of 32-128 ounces per acre are
recommended. Best results are expected when
THURICIDE 48LV is applied to dry foliage with a
calibrated aircraft capable of obtaining droplet
sizes below 300 microns and preferably in the range
of 50-150 microns.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Thorough coverage is essential when using
THURICIDE 48LV. Use the lower rate for light to
moderate infestations. Use the higher rates against
heavier worm infestations.
Dosage
Ounces BIU Directions
Pest Per Acre Per Acre For Use
Spring Cankerworm 11-44 4-16 Apply when leaf
Fall Cankerworm 11-44 4-16 expansion reaches
Elm Spanworm 11-44 4-16 40-50% as infestation
Tent Caterpillar 11-44 94-16 ~—s- warrants. If eggs hatch
Gypsy Moth 22-106 8-40 overalong period of
time or if reinfestation
occurs, respray about
14 days after the first
application.
Spruce Budworm 16-106 6-40 Apply when most larvae
are 3rd-4th instar. Also
consider the opening of
the bud cap to ensure
foliage exposure.
Douglass Fir Apply after eggs have
Tussock Moth 11-44 4-16 hatched and early instar
Jack Pine Budworm 11-44 4-16 larvae are feeding on
Bagworm 11-44 4-16 exposed foliage.
California Oak Moth ~=-:11-44 4-16
Western
Tussock Moth 11-44 4-16
Fruit Tree Leafroller 11-44 4-16
Mimosa Webworm 11-44 4-16
Redhumped
Caterpillar 5-32 2-12
Fall Webworm 5222 2-6
Pine Butterfly 16-64 6-24
SP-372
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
STORAGE
Store in a cool place. Activity may be impaired by
storage at temperatures above 90°F Do not
contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or
disposal.
PESTICIDE DISPOSAL
Wastes resulting from this product may be disposed
on on-site or at an approved waste disposal facility.
CONTAINER DISPOSAL (Plastic)
Triple rinse (or equivalent). Then offer for recycling
or reconditioning, or puncture and dispose of in a
sanitary landfill, or by incineration, or if allowed by
State and local authorities, by burning. If burned,
stay out of smoke. Reuse of thoroughly cleaned
container is allowable.
CONTAINER DISPOSAL (Metal)
Triple rinse (or equivalent). Then offer for recycling
or reconditioning, or puncture and dispose of ina
sanitary landfill, or by other procedures approved by
State and local authorities. Reuse of thoroughly
cleaned container is allowable.
LIMITATION OF WARRANTY
AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY
Notice: Read this Limitation of Warranty and Limitation of Liability before
buying or using this product. If the terms are not acceptable, return the
product at once, unopened, and the purchase price will be refunded
It is impossible to eliminate all risks inherently associated with the use of this
product. Crop injury, ineffectiveness, or other unintended consequences
may result because of such factors as weather conditions, presence of other
materials, or the manner of use or application, all of which are beyond the
control of Sandoz or seller. All such risks shall be assumed by buyer or user.
Sandoz warrants that this product conforms to the chemical description on
the label and is reasonably fit for the purposes stated in the Directions for
Use, under normal use conditions, subject to the risks described above.
Sandoz makes no other express or implied warranty of fitness or of
merchantability or any other express or implied warranty.
In no event shall Sandoz or seller be liable for any incidental, consequential
or special damages resulting from the use or handling of this product. The
exclusive remedy of the user or buyer, and the exclusive liability of Sandoz
or seller for any and all claims, losses, injuries or damages (including
claims based on breach of warranty, contract, negligence, tort, strict
liability or otherwise) resulting from the use or handling of this product,
shall be the return of the purchase price of the product or, at the election of
Sandoz or seller, the replacement of the product.
Sandoz and seller offer this product, and buyer and user accept it, subject to
the foregoing limitations of warranty and limitation of liability, which may
not be modified by any oral or written agreement.
S, SANDOZ
SANDOZ AGRO, INC.
1300 EAST TOUHY AVENUE, DES PLAINES, ILLINOIS 60018
THURICIDE* 48LV is o registered trademark of Sandoz Ltc
©1992 SANDOZ AGRO, INC.
April 1992
Des Plaines, IL
a
FOR CONTROL OF ORNAMENTAL, SHADE TREE, AND FOREST PESTS
SeG I MEN ABEL
ACTIVE INGREDIENT:
Bacillus thuringiensis, subspecies kurstaki potency
of 16,000 International Units
(at least 24 million viable spores)
HS SmilligranSeaey 4 eres Rees 3.2%
INERRINGREDIENTS: etait due Stent tonal 96.8%
TOTAL... 100.0%
*Equivalent to 16.8 billion International Units per
quart.
EPA Reg. No. 55947-76
EPA Est. No. 55947-CA-2
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
CAUTION
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
HAZARDS TO HUMANS
Avoid inhalation or contact with eyes or open
wounds.
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Do not contaminate water when disposing of
equipment washwaters.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
It is a violation of Federal Law to use this product ina
manner inconsistent with its labeling.
Suspension must be shaken or stirred before use.
Pour the recommended amount of THURICIDE® 64LV
into the required volume of water in the spray tank.
Agitate as necessary to maintain suspension. Do not
allow diluted sprays to remain in the tank for more
than 72 hours. THURICIDE 64LV is formulated to
provide desirable coverage and stickability on leaf
surfaces. Additional adjuvants, spreaders, or
stickers may be added but are not essential. ;
Do not apply this product through any type of
irrigation system.
GROUND APPLICATION
Use adequate water to obtain good foliar coverage.
Wet foliage but do not allow excessive run-off. Apply
the recommended per acre rates of THURICIDE 64LV
with the following suggested amounts of water:
100 gallons with high-gallonage hydraulic sprayers
10 gallons with mist blower
AERIAL APPLICATION
Apply THURICIDE 64LV at recommended rates by air
either alone or as a spray mix diluted with water.
Spray volumes of 32-128 ounces per acre are
recommended. Best results are expected when
THURICIDE 64LV is applied to dry foliage with a
calibrated aircraft capable of obtaining droplet .
sizes below 300 microns and preferably in the range
of 50-150 microns.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Thorough coverage is essential when using
THURICIDE® 64LV. Use the lower rate for light to
moderate infestations. Use the higher rates against
heavier worm infestations.
Dosage
Ounces BIU Directions
Pest Per Acre Per Acre For Use
Spring Cankerworm 8-32 4-16 Apply when leaf
Fall Cankerworm 8-32 4-16 expansion reaches
Elm Spanworm 8-32. 4-16 40-50% as infestation
Tent Caterpillar 8-32 4-16 warrants. If eggs hatch
Gypsy Moth 16-80 8-40 over along period of
time or if reinfestation
occurs, respray about
14 days after the first
application.
Spruce Budworm 12-80 6-40 Apply when most larvae
are 3rd-4th instar. Also
consider the opening of
the bud cap to ensure
foliage exposure.
Douglass Fir Apply after eggs have
Tussock Moth 8-32 4-16 hatched and early instar
Jack Pine Budworm 8-32 4-16 larvae are feeding on
Bagworm 8-32 4-16 exposed foliage.
California Oak Moth 8-32 4-16
Western
Tussock Moth 8-32 4-16
Fruit Tree Leafroller 8-32 4-16
Mimosa Webworm 4-24 2-12
Redhumped
Caterpillar 4-16 2-8
Fall Webworm 12-48 6-24
Pine Butterfly 16-64 8-32
SP-379
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
STORAGE
Store in a cool place. Activity may be impaired by
storage at temperatures above 90°F Do not
contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or
disposal.
PESTICIDE DISPOSAL
Wastes resulting from this product may be disposed
on on-site or at an approved waste disposal facility.
CONTAINER DISPOSAL
Triple rinse (or equivalent). Then offer for recycling
or reconditioning, or puncture and dispose of in a
sanitary landfill, or by other procedures approved by
State and local authorities. Reuse of thoroughly
cleaned drum is allowable.
LIMITATION OF WARRANTY
AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY
Notice: Read this Limitation of Warranty and Limitation of Liability before
buying or using this product. If the terms are not acceptable, return the
product at once, unopened, and the purchase price will be refunded
It is impossible to eliminate all risks inherently associated with the use of this
product. Crop injury, ineffectiveness, or other unintended consequences
may result because of such factors as weather conditions, presence of other
materials, or the manner of use or application, all of which are beyond the
control of Sandoz or seller. All such risks shall be assumed by buyer or user.
Sandoz warrants that this product conforms to the chemical description on
the label and is reasonably fit for the purposes stared in the Directions for
Use, under normal use conditions, subject to the risks described above.
Sandoz makes no other express or implied warranty of fitness or of
merchantability or any other express or implied warranty.
In no event shall Sandoz or seller be liable for any incidental, consequential
or special damages resulting from the use or handling of this product. The
exclusive remedy of the user or buyer, and the exclusive liability of Sandoz
or seller for any and all claims, losses, injuries or damages (including
claims based on breach of warranty, contract, negligence, tort, strict
liability or otherwise) resulting from the use or handling of this product,
shall be the return of the purchase price of the product or, at the election of
Sandoz or seller, the replacement of the product.
Sandoz and seller offer this product, and buyer and user accept it, subject to
the foregoing limitations of warranty and limitation of liability, which may
not be modified by any oral or written agreement.
S, SANDOZ
SANDOZ AGRO, INC.
1300 EAST TOUHY AVENUE, DES PLAINES, ILLINOIS 60018
THURICIDE®* 64LV is a registered trademark of Sandoz Ltd.
©1992 SANDOZ AGRO, INC
April 1992
Des Plaines, IL
For Agricultural or Commercial Use Only
ACTIVE INGREDIENTS: Carbaryl (1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate)................ccccccscccssseccessseeessaees 47.5% by wt.
INERD INGREDIENTS: Sri nae tr cee aes ee ea! ot te aeeat esl et beats awd aoe 52.5% by wt.
This product contains petroleum distillates. (Contains 4 pounds carbaryl per gallon)
E.P.A. Reg. No. 264-422
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
CAUTION
For EMERGENCY Information ONLY Call 24 Hours A Day 1-800-334-7577
For PRODUCT USE Information Call 1-800-334-9745
STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
IF SWALLOWED: Call a physician or Poison Control Center immediately. Give 1 to 2 glasses of water or milk to drink. Do not induce
vomiting, may cause aspiration hazard.
IF IN EYES: Hold eyelids open and flush with a steady, gentle stream of water for at least 15 minutes. Get medical attention if
irritation persists.
IF ON SKIN: Wash thoroughly with soap and water.
IF INHALED: Remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial “het hoa oxygen if necessary. GET MEDICAL
E.P.A. Est. No. 264-MO-02
ATTENTION.
GENERAL
Contact a physician immediately in all cases of suspected poisoning. Tr atient to a physician or hospital immediately and
SHOW A COPY OF THIS LABEL TO THE PHYSICIAN. If poisoning is Ave animals, contact a veterinarian.
NOTE TO PHYSICIAN
PRECAUTION: To prevent aspiration of petroleum distillates, lay pale) side with head lower than waist.
it O
Carbaryl is a carbamate insecticide, which is a cholinesterase infigitor. erexposure to this substance may cause toxic signs and
symptoms due to stimulation of the cholinergic nervous sy ese effects of overexposure are spontaneously and rapidly
reversible. Gastric lavage may be used ff this product has b owed. Carbaryl poisoning may occur rapidly after ingestion and
prompt removal of stomach contents in indicated.
Specific treatment consists of parenteral atropine sulfat
may be given 1 to 2 mg intramuscularly every 10 minu
symptoms reappear. Severe cases should be gf
intramuscularly every 30 to 60 minutes as need
appropriately reduced. Complete recovery from o
Narcotics and other sedatives should not be u
To aid in confirmation of a diagnosis, urine
will be arranged by Rhéne-Poulenc Ag Co
Consultation on therapy can be obtaine
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
on should be maintained to prevent overatropinization. Mild cases
Htull atropinization has been achieved and repeated thereafter whenever
4 mg intravenously every 10 minutes until fully atropinized, then
intain the effect for at least 12 hours. Dosages for children should be
sure is to be expected within 24 hours.
er, drugs like 2-PAM (pyridine-2-aldoxime methiodide) are NOT recommended.
hould be obtained within 24 hours of exposure and immediately frozen. Analyses
urs by calling the Rhéne-Poulenc emergency number 1-800-334-7577.
CAUTION
HAZARDS TO HUMANS AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS
MAY BE HARMFUL IF SWALLOWED. HARMFUL IF INHALED OR ABSORBED THROUGH THE SKIN. MAY CAUSE SKIN IRRITATION.
Avoid breathing of spray mist. Do not take internally. Avoid contact with eyes, skin or clothing. Wear regular long-sleeved work
clothing and head covering when making overhead applications. Change to clean clothing daily. Bathe and wash hair after each work
day. Do not eat, drink or use tobacco while working with this product or spray solutions. Wash hands and face before eating, drinking
or using tobacco. Keep out of reach of children and domestic animals.
OVEREXPOSURE MAY CAUSE: Salivation, watery eyes, pinpoint eye pupils, blurred vision, muscle tremors, difficult breathing,
excessive sweating, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, headache. IN SEVERE CASES CONVULSION,
UNCONSCIOUSNESS AND RESPIRATORY FAILURE MAY OCCUR. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OCCUR RAPIDLY FOLLOWING
OVEREXPOSURE TO THIS PRODUCT.
ANTIDOTE STATEMENT
ATROPINE SULFATE IS HIGHLY EFFECTIVE AS AN ANTIDOTE. Narcotics and other sedatives should not be used. Further, drugs
like 2-PAM (pyridine-2-aldoxime methiodide) are NOT recommended. See NOTE TO PHYSICIAN above.
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
This product is extremely toxic to aquatic and estuarine invertebrates. Do not apply directly to water and wetlands, except under the
forest canopy. Do not apply when weather conditions favor drift from the area treated. Do not contaminate water by cleaning
equipment or disposal of wastes.
BEE CAUTION: MAY KILL HONEYBEES IN SUBSTANTIAL NUMBERS
This product is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow ft to drift
to blooming crops or weeds if bees are visiting the treatment area. Contact your Cooperative Agricultural Extension Service or your
local Rhéne-Poulenc Ag Company representative for further information.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
It Is a violation of Federal Law to use thls product In a manner Inconsistent with Its labelling.
Read entire label before using this product.
GENERAL WORKER PROTECTION STATEMENT
Do not apply this product in such a manner as to directly or through drift expose workers or other persons. The area treated must be
vacated by unprotected persons. Do not enter treated areas without protective clothing until sprays have dried.
Because certain states may require more restrictive reentry intervals for various crops treated with this product, consult your State
Department of Agriculture for further information.
Written or oral warnings must be given to workers who are expected to be in treated area or in an area about to be treated with this
product. Advise workers to stay out of fields during application and until sprays have dried. Regular long-sleeved work clothing should
be wom when working in treated fields. See PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS, STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT AND NOTE
TO PHYSICIAN for information on accidental exposures. When oral warnings are given, warnings shall be given in a language
customarily understood by workers. Oral warnings must be given if there is reason to believe that written warnings cannot be
understood by workers. Written warnings must include the following information: Appropriate signal work (CAUTION), area treated with
SEVIN® brand 4-OlIL ULV Carbaryl Insecticide, date of application, appropriate clothing, and re-entry interval (i.e., until sprays have
dried).
STORAGE
Store unused SEVIN® brand 4-OlL ULV Carbary! Insecticide in original container only, in cool, dry area out of reach of children and
animals. Do not store in areas where temperatures frequently exceed 100°F
PESTICIDE DISPOSAL
Do not contaminate water, food or feed by storage or disposal. Wastes resulting from the use of this product may be disposed of on
site of at an approved waste disposal facility.
CONTAINER DISPOSAL
Decontaminate empty bulk tanks. For drums: Triple rinse (or equivalent). Then offer for recycling or reconditioning, or puncture and
dispose of in a sanitary landfill, or by other procedures approved by state and local authorities.
Consuk Federal, State or local disposal authorities for approved alternative procedures.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE AS A WHEAT BRAN BAIT
FOR END USE ONLY. NOT FOR REPACKAGING.
FOR USE ONLY BY GOVERNMENT PERSONNEL OR PERSONS UNDER THEIR DIRECT SUPERVISION.
Mixing Instructions
Mix the appropriate amount of SEVIN® brand 4-OlL ULV Carbaryl Insecticide with wheat bran to make carbaryl wheat bran bait
containing 2% to 10% active carbaryl. For example, for a bait containing 5% carbaryl, mix 1 quart SEVIN® brand 4-OIL ULV Carbary|
Insecticide (contains 1 Ib. active carbary!l) with each 19 pounds of wheat bran. Mix only the amount of bait necessary for each insect
control program.
Storage Instructlons
Store carbaryl bran baits in cool, dry area out of reach children and animals. Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or
disposal.
NOTE: Carbaryl bran baits should only be stored temporarily while awaiting application.
ee eee ee
For population control and follage protection of high value trees using ground mist blower application: Apply
0.8 pint of spray mixture containing equal volumes of this product and diesel fuel, kerosene or #2 fuel oil per 20 to 30 foot tree (0.2 Ib.
aitree) when larvae are in early instars. Cover foliage thoroughly, but avoid runoff.
PASTURE INSECT CONTROL
For grasshoppers: Apply 3/8 quarts (12 fl. oz.) to 1 1/2 (48 fl. oz.) of this product per acre in a total spray volume of at least 20 fluid
ounces per acre.
For true armyworm, fall armyworm, black grass bug, chinch bugs, Essex skipper, striped grass looper, and
thrips: Apply 1/2 to | quart of this product per acre. Use the lower rate for nymphs and immature insects on small plants or sparse
vegetation. Apply the higher rate for adults or when vegetation is thick.
Apply a maximum of 2 applications per year. Allow at least 14 days between applications. Do not allow foraging or cut for hay within 14
days of last application by ground. Aerially treated pastures may be grazed or cut for hay on day of treatment.
Carefully marks swaths to avoid over-application.
RANGELAND INSECT CONTROL (FOR AERIAL APPLICATION. ONLY)
For grasshoppers: Apply 3/8 quart (12 fl. oz.) to 1 quart (32 fl. oz.) of this product per acre in a spray volume of at least 15 fluid
Ounces per acre.
For black grass bugs, Mormon cricket, range cater-pillars, and range crane fly: Apply 1/2 to ! quart of this product
per acre. Use the lower rate for nymphs and immature insects on small plants or sparse vegetation. Apply the higher rate for adults or
when vegetation is thick.
Apply a maximum of 2 applications per year. Allow at least 14 days between applications.
Carefully mark swaths to avoid over-application.
WASTELANDS, RIGHTS-OF-WAY, HEDGE-ROWS, DITCHBANKS, ROADSIDES INSECT CONTROL
For grasshoppers: Apply 3/8 quart (12 fl. oz.) to 1 quart (32 fl. oz.) of this product per acre in a spray volume of at least 20 fluid
ounces per acre.
For black grass bugs, Mormon cricket range caterpillar, and range crane fly: Apply 1/2 to | quart of this product per
acre. Use the lower rate for nymphs and immature insects on small plants or sparse vegetation. Apply the higher rate for adults or
when vegetation is thick.
Apply a maximum of 2 applications per year. Allow at least 14 days between applications. Do not allow foraging or cut for hay within 14
days of last applications by ground. Aerially treated areas may be grazed or cut for hay on day of treatment.
Carefully mark swaths to avoid over-application.
WHEAT INSECT CONTROL (DO NOT USE IN CALIFORNIA.)
Do not apply within 21 days of harvest of grain. No time limitation on green wheat used as pasture or forage.
For grasshoppers: Apply 1/2 to 1 1/2 quarts of this product per acre. Lower rate is suggested for nymphs on small plants. Use
higher rate when grasshoppers are mature or vegetation is thick.
For cereal leaf beetle: Apply 1 quart of this product per acre. Application is effective against eggs, larvae and adults.
For armyworm and fall armyworm: Apply 1 to 1 1/2 quarts of this product per acre.
NOTE: When treatment with SEVIN® brand 4-OlL ULV has been completed, further field irrigation over the treated area should be
avoided until foliage has dried to prevent washing the chemical off the crop.
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATIONS THROUGH SPRINKLER IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
Maintain continuous agitation in mix tank during mixing and application to assure a uniform suspension.
Greater accuracy in calibration and distribution will be achieved by injecting a larger volume of a more dilute solution per unit time.
The system must contain a functional check value, vacuum relief valve, and low pressure drain appropriately located on the irrigation
pipeline to prevent water source contamination from backflow. The pesticide injection pipeline must contain a functional, automatic,
quick-closing check value to prevent the flow of fluid back toward the injection pump. The pesticide injection pipeline must also contain
a functional, normally closed solenoid-operated valve located on the intake side of the injection pump and connected to the system
interlock to prevent fluid from being withdrawn from the supply tank when the irrigation system is either automatically or manually
shutdown. The system must contain functional interlocking controls to automatically shut off the pesticide injection pump when the
water pump motor stops. The irrigation line or water pump must include a functional pressure switch which will stop the water pump
motor when the water pressure decreases to the point where pesticide distribution is adversely affected. Systems must use a metering
pump, such as a positive displacement injection pump (e.g., diaphragm pump) effectively designed and constructed of materials that
are compatible with pesticides and capable of being fitted with a system interlock. Do not apply when wind speed favors drift beyond
the area intended for treatment.
Do not apply when wind speed favors drift, when system connection or fittings leak, when nozzles do not provide uniform distribution or
when lines containing the product must be dismantled and drained.
Crop injury, lack of effectiveness, or illegal pesticide residues in the crop may result from non-uniform distribution of treated water.
Allow sufficient time for pesticide to be flushed through all lines and all nozzles before turning off irrigation water. A person
knowledgeable of the chemigation system and responsible for its operation shall shut the system down and make necessary
adjustments should the need arise.
Do not connect an irrigation system (including greenhouse systems) used for pesticide application to a public water system unless the
label-prescribed safety devices for public water supplies are in place.
INSECT CONTROL
Apply when insects or their damage appear. To maintain control, repeat at 7 to 14 day intervals or as necessary unless a shorter
interval is specified below. Where a dosage range is indicated, use lower rate on young plants and early instars and higher rate on
mature plants, advanced instars and adults. Thorough and uniform spray coverage is essential for effective control.
SEVIN® brand 4-OlL ULV Carbaryl Insecticide does not control spider mites. If spider mites are a problem, use a registered miticide.
Regional differences have been noted in the susceptibility of certain strains of fall armyworm to SEVIN® brand 4-OlL ULV Carbary|
Insecticide. Hf local experience indicates inadequate control, use an alternative pesticide.
Follow directions for most effective use. DOSAGES LISTED REFER TO QUARTS OF SEVIN® BRAND 4-OIL ULV CARBARYL
INSECTICIDE PER ACRE, NOT TO VOLUME OF FINISHED SPRAY PER ACRE.
CAREFULLY CALIBRATE ALL APPLICATION EQUIPMENT
ALFALFA INSECT CONTROL
For grasshoppers: Apply 1/2 to 1 1/2 quarts of this product per acre. To avoid possible injury to tender alfalfa foliage, do not apply
to wet foliage or when rain or high humidity is expected during the next two days.
Apply only once per cutting.
Do not apply to alfalfa within 7 days of harvest.
CORN INSECT CONTROL (field, pop)
For corn rootworm beetles: Apply 1 quart of this product per acre as needed at first silking if populations are at economic levels
and/or apply later when needed to control adult population buildup to reduce larval damage to next year's crop. Do not make more than
two applications.
For western bean cutworm: Apply a single application of 2 quarts of this product plus 2 quarts diesel fuel, kerosene or #2 fue! oil
per acre when an average of 1 in 7 plants have western bean cutworm egg masses or newly hatched larvae and 90 to 100% of the
tassels have emerged. Application after 100% of the silks have emerged will reduce effectiveness.
For Japanese beetle: Apply 1 quart of this product per acre when adult beetles are present.
For grasshoppers: Apply 1/2 to 1 1/2 quarts of this product per acre. Lower rate is suggested for nymphs on small plants. Use
1 1/2 quarts when grasshoppers of foliage are mature and greater coverage is required.
FOREST INSECT CONTROL
For control of gypsy moth, fall and spring canker-worms, saddled prominent, forest tent caterpillar, elm
spanworm, oak leafroller complex and Japanese beetle: Apply 1 quart of this product per acre when larvae are in early
instars and leaves are at least 1/3 grown, or when adult Japanese beetles are present.
For spruce budworm and western spruce budworm: East of the Rocky Mountains, apply 1/2 to 1 quart of this product per
acre when a majority of the larvae are in the third through sixth instars. Lower rate is suggested for heavy spruce budworm infestations
where 2 applications are necessary for adequate foliage protection. In the Rocky Mountains and west of the Rocky Mountains apoly
1/2 to 1 quart of this product per acre when a majority of the larvae are in the third through fifth instars.
For Douglas-fir tussock moth: For maximum foliage protection apply 2 quarts of this product per acre when larvae are in first and
second instars. Application to later instars will provide control but with reduced foliage protection.
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APPLICATION INSTRUCTIONS
Applications may be made with ground equipment (hand cyclone spreader) or with aerial application equipment with a metered bait
spreader attachment.
PASTURES, RANGELAND, WASTELAND, ROADSIDES
Use 0.50 to 1.50 lbs. active ingredient/acre for the control of grasshoppers and Mormon crickets. The lower rate is suggested for early
instars on small plants or sparse vegetation. Use the higher rate for adults or dense vegetation. Use of low bait assay and higher rate
is suggested for control of high grasshopper populations. Treatment may be repeated as necessary. Preharvest interval is 0 days.
GENERAL INFORMATION
SEVIN® brand 4-OlL ULV Carbaryl Insecticide is a dispersion of finely ground technical carbary! in a non-aromatic, low volatile oil. It is
designed for air application as a low volume or ultra low volume spray. It may also be applied by ground mist blower or cold fogging, #
diluted with diesel fuel, Kerosene or #2 fuel oil, READ THIS LABEL BEFORE USE. USE IN STRICT ACCORDANCE WITH DIRECTIONS
AND CAUTIONS.
PREHARVEST AND GRAZING USE INFORMATION AND LIMITATIONS
Tolerances established under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act permit the sale of crops bearing probable carbaryl residues
when this product is used in accordance with label directions. H used as directed, treated forage may be grazed or used as feed for
dairy and meat animals without causing illegal residues in meat or milk. See specific crop directions for grazing and preharvest interval
restrictions and limitations.
Do not plant rotational food and feed crops not listed on this or other carbaryl labels in carbary| treated soil.
Do not use reclaimed irrigation water from crops treated with carbaryl on upland crops for which carbary! tolerances are not established.
PLANT RESPONSE PRECAUTION
To avoid possible injury to tender foliage, do not apply to wet foliage or when rain or high humidity is expected during the next 2 days.
SPRAY PREPARATION
SEVIN® brand 4-OlL ULV Carbaryl Insecticide thickens during storage. Roll or agitate drums or recirculate product in bulk tanks before
use to reduce viscosity and restore homogeneity. SEVIN® brand 4-OlL ULV Carbaryl Insecticide may be held prior to use and
transferred in any materials of construction suitable for use with fuel oil, kerosene or diesel oil. Protect from water. Before and after
use, flush nurse tanks, pumps, lines, hoses and entire spray systems with diesel fuel, kerosene or #2 fuel oil until clean. Water, scale,
rust and other residue must be removed from pumps, mixing and spray systems before use.
COMPATIBILITY
SEVIN® BRAND 4-OlIL ULV CARBARYL INSECTICIDE IS NOT COMPATIBLE WITH AND SHOULD NOT BE MIXED WITH WATER,
ALCOHOL OR AROMATIC SOLVENTS, but can be diluted with aliphatic oils (diesel fuel, Kerosene or #2 fuel oil). Compatibility with
other pesticides has not been thoroughly tested. DO NOT USE IN TANK MIX COMBINATIONS UNLESS YOUR EXPERIENCE
INDICATES THAT THE MIXTURE IS EFFECTIVE AND WILL NOT RESULT IN PLANT INJURY OR MECHANICAL DIFFICULTY. For best
mixing when preparing diluted SEVIN® brand 4-OlL ULV Carbaryl Insecticide, add diluent oil to mix tank before adding proper volume of
SEVIN® brand 4-OlL ULV Carbaryl Insecticide. Provide complete recirculation of diluted suspensions once every 24 hours to maintain
uniformity.
APPLICATION
On all crops use sufficient gallonage to obtain thorough and uniform coverage. Calibrate equipment to deliver the desired spray
volume. Flat fan nozzles may be used to apply both undiluted and diluted SEVIN® brand 4-OlL ULV Carbaryl Insecticide. Rotary
atomizing and hollow cone nozzles are not recommended for applying undiluted SEVIN® brand 4-OlL ULV Carbaryl Insecticide but can
be used if 1 to 1 dilution is made. Use of a high-volume 50-mesh in-line strainer is suggested. Use of screens behind nozzles is not
recommended. Apply by air undiluted, or diluted with kerosene, diesel fuel or #2 fuel oil. At temperatures below 50°F (10°C) dilution of 4
volumes of SEVIN® brand 4-OlL ULV Carbary! Insecticide with 1 volume of diluent oil is recommended to assure uniform flow and spray
distribution. Dilutions greater than 1 to 1 by volume are not recommended; higher dilutions will reduce residual properties. Dilute 1 to 1
by volume when applying with ground equipment. Apply only when weather conditions are favorable. Wind and rising air currents may
cause undesirable spray drift and reduce insect control.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE THROUGH SPRINKLER IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
Apply this product only through sprinkler irrigation systems including center pivot and solid set. Do not apply this product through any
other type of irrigation system.
SPRAY PREPARATION: Remove scale, pesticide residues, and other foreign matter from the chemical tank and entire injector
system. Flush with clean water.
APPLICATION INSTRUCTIONS: First prepare a suspension of SEVIN® brand 4-OlIL ULV Carbaryl Insecticide in a mix tank. - Fill
tank with 1/2 to 3/4 the desired amount of diesel. Start mechanical or hydraulic agitation. Add the required amount of SEVIN® brand
4-OlL ULV, and then the remaining volume of diesel. (Suspension concentrations using the appropriate dosage per acre recommended
on this label of SEVIN® brand 4-OlL ULV per | to 4 gallons of diesel are recommended). Then set sprinkler to deliver 0.1 to 0.3 inch of
water per acre. Start sprinkler and uniformly inject the suspension of SEVIN® brand 4-OlL ULV into the irrigation water line so as to
deliver the desired rate per acre. The suspension of SEVIN® brand 4-OlL ULV should be injected with a positive displacement pump
into the main line ahead of a right angle turn to insure adequate mixing. If you should have any other questions about calibration, you
should contact State Extension Service specialists, equipment manufacturers or other experts.
LIMITED WARRANTY AND DISCLAIMER
he manufacturer warrants (a)that this product conforms to the chemical description on the label; (b)that this product is reasonably fit
or the purposes set forth in the directions for use when it is used in accordance with such directions; and (c) that the directions,
varnings and other statements on this label are based upon responsible experts’ evaluation of reasonable tests of effectiveness, of
oxicity to laboratory animals and to plants, and of residues on food crops, and upon reports of field experience. Tests have not been
nade on all varieties or in all states or under all conditions. THE MANUFACTURER NEITHER MAKES, NOR INTENDS, NOR DOES IT
\UTHORIZE ANY AGENT OR REPRESENTATIVE TO MAKE, ANY OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND IT
>=XPRESSLY EXCLUDES AND DISCLAIMS ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANT-ABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
>URPOSE.
‘HIS WARRANTY DOES NOT EXTEND TO, AND THE BUYER SHALL BE SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR, ANY AND ALL LOSS OR
JAMAGE WHICH RESULTS FROM THE USE OF THIS PRODUCT IN ANY MANNER WHICH IS INCONSISTENT WITH THE LABEL
JIRECTIONS, WARNINGS OR CAUTIONS.
UYER'S EXCLUSIVE REMEDY AND MANUFACTURER'S OR SELLER'S EXCLUSIVE LIABILITY FOR ANY AND ALL CLAIMS,
OSSES, DAMAGES, OR INJURIES RESULTING FROM THE USE OR HANDLING OF THIS PRODUCT, WHETHER OR NOT BASED IN
-ONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY IN TORT OR OTHERWISE, SHALL BE LIMITED, AT THE MANUFACTURER'S OPTION,
“O REPLACEMENT OF, OR THE REPAYMENT OF THE PURCHASE PRICE FOR, THE QUANTITY OF PRODUCT WITH RESPECT TO
YHICH DAMAGES ARE CLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL MANUFACTURER OR SELLER BE LIABLE FOR SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OR HANDLING OF THIS PRODUCT.
OTICE TO BUYER
‘urchase of this material does not confer any rights under patents governing this product or the use thereof in countries outside of the
Inited Statés.
THIS SPECIMEN LABEL IS INTENDED FOR USE ONLY AS A GUIDE IN PROVIDING GENERAL INFORMATION
REGARDING THE DIRECTIONS, WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF THIS
PRODUCT. AS WITH ANY AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL, ALWAYS FOLLOW THE LABEL INSTRUCTIONS hn THE
PACKAGE BEFORE USING.
Rhéne-Poulenc Ag Company Form No. 93062
P.O. Box 12014, 2 T.W. Alexander Drive Printed USA - 9/92
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
SEVIN is a registered trademark of Rhéne-Poulenc.
31992 Rhéne-Poulenc Ag Company EPA Approval: 7/25/88
‘Aade in USA.
Brand Carbary! Insecticide @ RHONE-POULENC
ES
For Agricultural or Commercial Use Only .
ACTIVE INGREDIENT:
Carbaryi(genapiithyl N-methyicardamate) mah: scmrnr tate, casas omer eres se aptea hiew aire sinas egas eets vcdesesesa¥ popes stHibys 41.2% by wt.
PREETI NCARLE ONC Ne Bee neeet eae tee tee Mem ae cet eee etact se tenricss crsnecinectteneen foaterrere ete term 58.8% by wt.
Contains 4 Pounds Carbaryl Per Gallon
E.P.A. Reg. No. 264-333 E.P.A. Est. No. 264-MO-02
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
CAUTION CUIDADO
PRECAUCION AL USUARIO: Si usted no lee ingles, no use este producto hasta que la etiqueta le haya sido explicada
ampliamente.
For MEDICAL And TRANSPORTATION Emergencies QNLY Call 24 Hours A Day 1-800-334-7577
For PRODUCT USE Information Call 1-800-334-9745
STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
IF SWALLOWED: Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious or convulsing person. If conscious and not convulsing, drink 1
to 2 glasses of water and induce vomiting by touching the back of the throat with finger.
IF IN EYES: Flush eyes with plenty of water. Get medical attention if irritation persists.
IF ON SKIN: Wash thoroughly with soap and water. SNe
IF INHALED: Move from contaminated atmosphere and call a physician. GF,
GENERAL
Contact a physician immediately in all cases of suspected poisoning. Transpe
COPY OF THIS LABEL TO THE PHYSICIAN. If poisoning is suspected in Vi zs
NOTE TO PHYSICIAN
Treat symptomatically. Overexposure to materials other than this prodderfiay have occurred.
6 a physician or hospital immediately and SHOW A
S, contact a veterinarian.
This product contains an oxime carbamate insecticide, which is a‘stalinesterase inhibitor. Overexposure to this substance may cause
toxic signs and symptoms due to stimulation of the cholinergig REF Ous system. These effects of overexposure are spontaneously
and rapidly reversible. Gastric lavage may be used if this ptodytetas been swallowed. Carbaryl poisoning may occur rapidly after
ingestion and prompt removal of stomach contents is ndiekesC/)
SS prove tissue oxygenation as much as possible before administering
aSes may be given 1 to 2 mg intramuscularly every 10 minutes until full
atropinization has been achieved and repeated therea whenever symptoms reappear. Severe cases should be given 2 to 4 mg
intravenously every 10 minutes until fully atropinizéd Vintramuscularly every 30 to 60 minutes as needed to maintain the effect for
at least 12 hours. Dosages for children shouldpe\appyopriately reduced. Complete recovery from overexposure is to be expected
within 24 hours.
Narcotics and other sedatives should not b OP ve, drugs like 2-PAM (pyridine-2-aldoxime methiodide) are NOT recommended.
To aid in confirmation of a diagnosis, ux mples should be obtained within 24 hours of exposure and immediately frozen. Call
Rhéne-Poulenc, 1-800-334-7577 befor 2) samples. Analyses will be arranged by Rhéne-Poulenc Ag Company.
Cc
P AUTIONARY STATEMENTS
Specific treatment consists of parenteral atropine sulla
atropine to minimize the risk of ventricular fibrillation
CAUTION
HAZARDS TO HUMANS AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS
MAY BE HARMFUL IF SWALLOWED OR INHALED. OVEREXPOSURE MAY CAUSE: Salivation, watery eyes, pinpoint eye pupils,
blurred vision, muscle tremors, difficult breathing, excessive sweating, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness,
headache. IN SEVERE CASES CONVULSION, UNCONSCIOUSNESS AND RESPIRATORY FAILURE MAY OCCUR. SIGNS AND
SYMPTOMS OF OVEREXPOSURE OCCUR RAPIDLY FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO THIS PRODUCT.
Avoid breathing spray mist. Do not take internally. Avoid contact with eyes, skin or clothing. Wear regular long-sleeved work clothing
and head covering. Change to clean clothing daily. Bathe and wash hair after each work day. Do not eat, drink or use tobacco while
working with this product or spray solutions. Wash hands and face before eating, drinking or using tobacco. Keep out of reach of
children and domestic animals.
ANTIDOTE STATEMENT
ATROPINE SULFATE IS HIGHLY EFFECTIVE AS AN ANTIDOTE. Narcotics and other sedatives should not be used. Further, drugs
like 2-PAM (pyridine-2-aldoxime methiodide) are NOT recommended. See NOTE TO PHYSICIAN below.
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
This product is extremely toxic to aquatic and estuarine invertebrates. Do not apply directly to water and wetlands, except under the
forest canopy and use on rice. Discharge from rice fields may kill aquatic and estuarine invertebrates. Do not apply when weather
conditions favor drift from area treated. Do not contaminate water by cleaning equipment. Do not contaminate water when disposing of
equipment washwaters.
BEE CAUTION
This product is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment on blooming crops or weeds. However, field studies have shown that
SEVIN® brand XLR PLUS Carbaryl Insecticide is less hazardous to honey bees than other carbaryl products when direct application to
bees is avoided and the spray residues have dried. For maximum honey bee hazard reduction, apply from late evening to early morning
or when bees are not foraging. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming crops or weeds if bees are foraging in the
treatment area. However, applications may be made during foraging periods if the beekeeper takes one of the following precautionary
measures prior to bee flight activity on the day of treatment: (1) Confine the honey bees to the hive by covering the colony or screening
the entrance or; (2) locate hives beyond bee flight range from the treated area. Precautionary measures may be discontinued after
spray residues have dried. Contact your cooperative Agricultural Extension Service or your local Rhone-Poulenc Ag Company
representative for further information.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
It Is a violation of Federal Law to use this product In a manner Inconsistent with its labeling.
Read entire label before using this product.
READ THIS LABEL BEFORE USE. STRICTLY OBSERVE LABEL DIRECTIONS AND CAUTIONS, AND APPLICABLE FEDERAL AND
STATE REGULATIONS. DO NOT USE ON ANY CROP NOT LISTED ON THIS LABEL OR SUPPLEMENTAL LABELING AS ANY
RESIDUES REMAINING MAY BE ILLEGAL OR HARMFUL.
GENERAL WORKER PROTECTION STATEMENT
Do not apply this product in such a manner as to directly or through drift expose workers or other persons. The area being treated must
be vacated by unprotected persons.
Do not enter treated areas without protective clothing until sprays have dried.
Because certain states may require more restrictive reentry intervals for various crops treated with this product, consult your State
Department of Agriculture for further information.
Written or oral warnings must be given to workers who are expected to be in a treated area or in an area about to be treated with this
product. Advise workers to stay out of treated areas until spray deposits have dried unless suitable clothing is worn. This includes
regular long-sleeved and long-legged work clothing as well as head covering (overhead applications). See PRECAUTIONARY
STATEMENTS, STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT and NOTE TO PHYSICIAN for additional information. When oral warnings
are given, warnings shall be given in a language cusiomarily understood by workers. Oral warnings must be given if there is reason to
believe that written warnings cannot be understood by workers. Written warnings must include the following information: appropriate
signal word (CAUTION), area treated with SEVIN® brand XLR PLUS Carbaryl Insecticide, date of application, appropriate clothing, and
re-entry interval (i.e, until sprays have dried) and actions to be taken in case of accidental exposure.
STORAGE
Store unused SEVIN® brand XLR PLUS Carbaryl Insecticide in original container only, in cool, dry area out of reach of children and
animals. Do not store in areas where temperatures frequently exceed 100°F.
If container is damaged, before cleaning up, put on long-sleeved shirt, full length trousers, head covering, and protective gloves.
PESTICIDE DISPOSAL
Do not contaminate water, food or feed by storage or disposal. Open dumping is prohibited. Wastes resulting from the use of this
product may be disposed of on site or at an approved waste disposal facility.
CONTAINER DISPOSAL
Triple rinse (or equivalent). Then offer for recycling or reconditioning, or dispose of in a sanitary landfill, or incineration, or if allowed by
state and local authorities, by burning. If container is burned, stay out of smoke.
GENERAL INFORMATION
SEVIN® brand XLR PLUS Carbary! Insecticide is a suspension of microfine SEVIN® brand carbaryl insecticide in an aqueous medium.
It readily disperses in water to form a spray which may be applied by air or ground.
PREHARVEST AND GRAZING USE INFORMATION AND LIMITATIONS
Tolerances established under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act permit the sale of labeled crops bearing probable carbary!|
residues when this product is used in accordance with the label directions. If used as directed, treated forage may be grazed or used
as feed for dairy and meat animals without causing illegal residues in meat or milk. This product may be applied up to and including the
day of harvest or grazing of forage unless noted otherwise in use directions for specific crops. Do not apply at greater rates or at more
frequent intervals than is stated on the label. To do so may result in illegal residues in crops, meat, and milk.
° e rbaryl labels In carbaryl treated soil.
Do not use reclaimed irrigation water from crops treated with carbaryl on crops for which carbaryl tolerances are not established.
PLANT RESPONSE PRECAUTIONS
Application to wet foliage or during periods of high humidity may cause injury to tender foliage.
Do not use on Boston Ivy, Virginia creeper and maidenhair fern as injury may result. Carbaryl may also injure Virginia and sand pines.
The use of adjuvants may increase the potential for crop injury to sensitive crops.
SPRAY PREPARATION
TO ASSURE A UNIFORM SUSPENSION, AGITATE, STIR OR RECIRCULATE ALL CONTAINERS OF THIS PRODUCT PRIOR TO USE.
Remove oil, rust, scale, pesticide residues and other foreign matter from mix tanks and entire spray system. Flush with clean water.
Fill spray or mix tank with 1/2 to 3/4 the desired amount of water. Start mechanical or hydraulic agitation. Slowly add the required
amount of SEVIN® brand XLR PLUS Carbary! Insecticide, and then the remaining volume of water. Include rinse water from container.
Prepare only as much spray mixture as can be applied on the day of mixing. MAINTAIN CONTINUOUS AGITATION DURING MIXING
AND APPLICATION TO ASSURE A UNIFORM SUSPENSION. DO NOT STORE SPRAY MIXTURE FOR PROLONGED PERIODS OR
DEGRADATION OF CARBARYL MAY OCCUR. Local water conditions may also accelerate the degradation of spray mixtures
containing carbaryl. See COMPATIBILITY STATEMENT below.
WASHOFF RESISTANCE AND COVERAGE
Dilution of 1 volume of SEVIN® brand XLR PLUS Carbaryl Insecticide with 1 volume of water provides maximum resistance to washoff
by rainfall or overhead irrigation. Dilutions higher than 1 part SEVIN® brand XLR PLUS Carbary! Insecticide to 39 parts water (1:39) are
not recommended when washoff resistance is desired.
To achieve washoff resistance, SEVIN® brand XLR PLUS Carbaryl Insecticide must be diluted as stated above, and droplets must dry
on the foliage. When atmospheric humidity is low, a drying time of at least two hours is generally adequate. Under high humidity 2
longer drying time is required. Washoff resistance cannot be expected if this product is applied to wet foliage and has not thoroughly
dried prior to rainfall or overhead irrigation.
On all crops, use sufficient spray volume to obtain thorough coverage. Optimum pest control under certain crop, pest or climatic
conditions may require spray gallonages higher than the 1:39 dilution. For example in hot, arid weather (low humidity), higher spray
gallonage per acre may be required to compensate for loss from evaporation and insure thorough coverage. The total spray volume
required for effective pest control can best be determined by previous experience, pest and crop conditions and local
recommendations.
COMPATIBILITY
SEVIN® brand XLR PLUS Carbary! Insecticide, when diluted with at least an equal volume of water, is compatible with a wide range of
pesticides. ‘It is not compatible with diesel fuel, kerosene, fuel oil or aromatic solvents. If compatibility with another product and the
resulting crop response is unknown, the mixture should be tested on a small scale. Curdling, precipitation, greasing, layer formation or
increased viscosity are symptoms of incompatibility. Incompatibility will reduce insect control and may cause application and handling
difficulties or plant injury. Observe all cautions and limitations on labeling of all products used in mixtures. WHEN PREPARING
COMBINATION SPRAYS, FIRST ADD "“SEVIN®" BRAND XLR PLUS CARBARYL INSECTICIDE TO AT LEAST AN EQUAL VOLUME OF
WATER, MIX THOROUGHLY, AND THEN ADD COMBINATION PRODUCTS TO THE MIXTURE. DO NOT APPLY TANK MIX
COMBINATIONS UNLESS YOUR PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE INDICATES THE MIXTURE IS EFFECTIVE AND WILL NOT RESULT IN
APPLICATION PROBLEMS OR PLANT INJURY.
Carbary! is unstable under highly alkaline conditions and mixtures with strong bases, such as Bordeaux, lime-sulfur and casein-lime
spreaders, will result in chemical degradation of the insecticide. Do not use this product in water with pH values above 8.0 unless a
buffer is added. If necessary, water should be buffered to neutral (pH = 7.0) before adding this product to the spray tank. Overhead
irrigation with alkaline or muddy water after application will also accelerate chemical degradation and may result in reduced insect
control.
APPLICATION
On all crops use sufficient gallonage to obtain thorough and uniform coverage. Observe crop label instructions for specific directions
regarding spray volume where they occur. Calibrate spray equipment to deliver the required volume. The flow rate of this product
diluted 1:1 with water is similar to water. Use of 50 mesh slotted strainers in spray system and 25 mesh slotted strainers behind
nozzles is recommended.
To clean spray system after use, drain and flush with a water and detergent mixture. Rinse thoroughly with clean water. Refer to the
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL section for disposal instructions.
NOTE: Staining may occur on certain surfaces such as stucco, brick, cinder block, and wood. Spray
deposits on painted or stained surfaces or finishes (l.e., cars, houses, trailers, boats, etc.) should be
Immediately removed by washing to prevent discoloration. Avoid applications to surfaces where visible
spray residues are objectionable.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE THROUGH SPRINKLER IRRIGATION SYSTEMS ~
Apply this product only through sprinkler irrigation systems including center pivot and solid set. Do not apply this product through any
other type of irrigation system.
SPRAY PREPARATION: First prepare a suspension of SEVIN® brand XLR PLUS Carbaryl Insecticide in a mix tank. Fill tank with
1/2 to 3/4 the desired amount of water. Start mechanical or hydraulic agitation. Add the required amount of SEVIN® brand XLR PLUS,
and then the remaining volume of water. (Suspension concentrations using the appropriate dosage per acre recommended on this label
of SEVIN® BRAND XLR PLUS, per 1 to 4 gallons of water are recommended). Then set sprinkler to deliver 0.1 to 0.3 inch of water per
acre. Start sprinkler and uniformly inject the suspension of SEVIN® brand XLR PLUS into the irrigation water line so as to deliver the
desired rate per acre. The suspension of SEVIN®brand XLR PLUS should be injected with a positive displacement pump into the main
line ahead of a right angle turn to insure adequate mixing. If you should have any other questions about calibration, you should contact
State Extension Service specialists, equipment manufacturers or other experts.
NOTE: When treatment with SEVIN® brand XLR PLUS has been completed, further field irrigation over the treated area should be
avoided for 24 to 48 hours to prevent washing the chemical off the crop.
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATIONS THROUGH SPRINKLER IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
Maintain continuous agitation in mix tank during mixing and application to assure a uniform suspension.
Greater accuracy in calibration and distribution will be achieved by injecting a larger volume of a more dilute solution per unit time.
The system must contain a functional check valve, vacuum relief valve, and low pressure drain appropriately located on the irrigation
pipeline to prevent water source contamination from backflow. The pesticide injection pipeline must contain a functional, automatic,
quick-closing check valve to prevent the flow of fluid back toward the injection pump. The pesticide injection pipeline must also contain
a functional, normally closed solenoid-operated valve located on the intake side of the injection pump and connected to the system
interlock to prevent fluid from being withdrawn from the supply tank when the irrigation system is either automatically or manually
shutdown. The system must contain functional interlocking controls to automatically shut off the pesticide injection pump when the
water pump motor stops. The irrigation line or water pump must include a functional pressure switch which will stop the water pump
motor when the water pressure decreases to the point where pesticide distribution is adversely affected. Systems must use a metering
pump, such as a positive displacement injection pump (e.g., diaphragm pump) effectively designed and constructed of materials that
are compatible with pesticides and capable of being fitted with a system interlock. Do not apply when wind speed favors drift beyond
the area intended for treatment.
Do not apply when wind speed favors drift, when system connection or fittings leak, when nozzles do not provide uniform distribution or
when lines containing the product must be dismantled and drained.
Crop injury, lack of effectiveness, or illegal pesticide residues in the crop may result from nonuniform distribution of treated water.
Allow sufficient time for pesticide to be flushed through all lines and all nozzles before turning off irrigation water. A person
knowledgeable of the chemigation system and responsible for its operation shall shut the system down and make necessary
adjustments should the need arise.
Do not connect an irrigation system (including greenhouse systems) used for pesticide application to a public water system unless the
label-prescribed safety devices for public water supplies are in place.
INSECT CONTROL
Begin application when insect populations reach recognized economic threshold levels. Consult the Cooperative Extension Service,
Professional Consultants or other qualified authorities to determine appropriate threshold levels for treatment in your area. Where a
dosage range is indicated, use the lower rate on light to moderate infestations, young plants and early instars and the higher rate on
heavy infestations, mature plants, advanced instars and adults. Thorough and uniform spray coverage is essential for effective
control.
NOTE: All references to armyworm on the crops listed below refer to the species, Pseudaletia unipuncta, often called the “true
armyworm”. Except where indicated otherwise, this product is not registered for the control of other armyworm species. Regional
differences have been noted in the susceptibility of certain strains of fall armyworm, diamondback moth, Colorado potato beetle,
spotted tentiform leafminer, Southern green stink bug and tobacco budworm (on cotton) to carbaryl. If local experience indicates
inadequate control, use an alternative pesticide.
GRASSHOPPERS
QUARTS OF
SEVIN® PREHARVEST
BRAND XLR INTERVAL
PLUS/ACRE DAYS SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS
All Crops on this 1/2 to 1 1/2 See specific Apply 1/2 to 3/4 quarts per acre of this product for nymphs on small plants or
label crop sections | sparse vegetation. Apply 1 to 1 1/2 quarts per acre for mature grasshoppers or
applications to dense vegetation or if extended residual control is desired. Be
certain spray volumes are appropriate to assure adequate coverage.
@
Apply in sufficient spray volume to obtain thorough coverage. Do not dilute greater than 1:39 (volume product: volume water) where
washoff resistance is desired. Where maximum washoff resistance is needed, do not exceed a 1:1 dilution. To prepare small volumes
of spray mixture use 1 tablespoontul (1/5 fluid ounce) of SEVIN® brand XLR PLUS Carbaryl Insecticide per gallon of water where rates
of 1 quart per acre or 1 quart per 100 gallons are indicated in the tables below.
QUARTS OF
SEVIN® PREHARVEST
BRAND XLR INTERVAL
INSECT PLUS/ACRE DAYS SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS
Fes Blister beetles 1/2 to 1 0 OBSERVE BEE CAUTION
overs, Mexican bean (clovers & :
Birdsfoot trefoil beetle birdsfoot trefoil) Sane plenty Lesronsaia'e
(DO NOT USE
ON BIRDSFOOT | Atfalfa caterpillar Potato leafhopper 7 Carbaryl may cause a temporary
TREFOIL IN Bean leaf beetle Three cornered (alfalfa) bleaching of tender alfalfa foliage.
CALIFORNIA) Cucumber beetles alfalfa hopper Apply only once per cutting for
Green cloverworm Thrips
Japanese beetle Velvetbean caterpillar
eafhoppers
Alfalfa blotch
alfalfa up to 1 1/2 quarts.
On dense growth, use 25 to 40
gallons of water per acre with
ground equipment to ensure
European alfatfa
wore” EARS adequate coverage.
Cloverhead weevil §Lygus bugs 1to 11/2 For alfalfa weevil larvae, if
Corn earworm Stink bugs pretreatment damage is
Cutworms Webworms extensive, cut alfalfa and treat
Egyptian alfalfa Yellowstriped the stubble. This product is not
weevil larvae armyworm effective against adult alfalfa
ssex skipper weevils.
Atfalfa weevil larvae
(West of the
Rocky Mountains)
For grasshopper control, refer to
the GRASSHOPPER section
above.
1 to 1/2
(East of the
Rocky Mountains)
Asparagus Aspargus beetle 1to2
Apache cicada 2to4 Post harvest
Asparagus beetle application onl
i Wes
Treat ferns or brush growth. Do
not treat more than once every 3
days.
For grasshopper control, refer to
the GRASSHOPPER section.
Beans Blister beetles 1/2 to 1 0 Observe plant response
(including Mexican bean (except cowpeas | precautions.
blackeyed beetle and lentils)
Pea> For grasshopper control, refer to
So Nees: the GRASSHOPPER section.
southern
peas, .
dry beans, Atfalfa caterpillar Three-cornered 3
green beans, | Boan leaf beetles alfatfa hopper (cowpeas)
lima beans, Cucumber beetles =‘ Thrips
navy beans, | Figa beetles Velvetbean
and snap Green cloverworm caterpillar
beans) Japanese beetle Western bean
Leafhoppers cutworm
Lentils Armyworm — - Fall armyworm Violy W2 es
(DO NOT USE Carn anit Stink bugs ee)
ON LENTILS IN | Cutworms Tarnished plant bug
CALIFORNIA) European corn borer Webworms
Atfalfa looper 1 1/2
2
Corn earworm Lygus bugs
Limabean podborer Stink bugs
CALIFORNIA ONLY
Cabbage
Broccoli
Brussels
sprouts
Cauliflower
Kohlrabi_
Chinese
cabbage
Collards
Hanover salad
Horseradish
Kale
Mustard greens
Radishes
Rutabagas
Turnips
Carrots
Celery
Parsley
Parsnips
(DO NOT USE
ON CELERY IN
CALIFORNIA)
Corn
(field, sweet,
pop)
QUARTS OF
SEVIN®
BRAND XLR
INSECT PLUS/ACRE
Flea beetles
Armyworm
Corn earworm
Diamondback moth
Flea beetles
Harlequin bug
Aster leafhopper
Armyworm
Corn earworm
Fall armyworm
Imported
cabbageworm
Flea beetles
Aster leafhopper
Lygus bugs
Armyworm
Corn earworm
Fall armyworm
Armyworm
Chinch bugs
Corn earworm
Corn rootworm
adults
Fall armyworm
European corn borer
Western bean
cutworm
Cutworms
Harlequin bug
Fall armyworm
Imported
cabbageworm
Leathoppers
Stink bugs
Tarnished plant bug
Leafhoppers
Spittlebugs
Stink bugs
Tarnished plant bug
Flea beetles
Japanese beetle
Sap beetles
Southwestern corn
borer
Leafhoppers
rte) WP Wes
1to 11/2
11/2 to 2
PREHARVEST
INTERVAL
DAYS
3
(horseradish,
radishes,
rutabagas
and turnip roots)
14
(Chinese
cabbage,
collards, Han-
over salad, kale,
mustard greens,
and turnip tops
0
(carrots)
3
(parsnips)
14
(celery & parsley)
SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS
For grasshopper control, refer to
the GRASSHOPPER section.
For grasshopper control, refer to
the GRASSHOPPER section.
For grasshopper control, refer to
the general GRASSHOPPER
section.
OBSERVE BEE CAUTION.
For insects attacking silks and
ears, apply at 1 to 6 day intervals
starting when first silks appear
and continuing until silks begin to
dry. For larvae in whorl and
foliage feeders, apply as
necessary. Optimum timing and
good coverage are essential for
effective control. For optimum
chinch bug control, apply at least
20 gallons of water per acre by
ground and direct spray toward
stalk to provide thorough
coverage.
For grasshopper control, refer to
the general GRASSHOPPER
section.
For optimum control, do not apply
in less than 3 gallons of water per
acre by air and 15 gallons of water
Treat when infestation averages
15% and at 90% to 100% tassel
emergence. Treatment after
100% silk emergence will reduce
effectiveness.
For optimum control, apply in a 12
inch band, over the row, using
sufficient volume of water to
obtain thorough coverage. For
broadcast application, use at
least 20 gallons (ground) or 5
gallons (air) of water
Ww ol
Cucumber
Melons
Pumpkin
Squash
Dandelion
Endive
(Escarole)
Lettuce
Salsify
Flax
Proso Millet
(DO NOT USE IN
CALIFORNIA)
Garden beet
Spinach
Swiss chard
QUARTS OF
SEVIN®
BRAND XLR
PLUS/ACRE
INTERVAL
INSECT DAYS
Striped blister
beetle
Thrips
Cotton fleahopper
Cotton leafworm
Flea beetles
Boll weevil
Cotton bollworm
Fall armyworm
Leafrollers
Leafhoppers
Pickleworm Melonworm
2
1
Cucumber beetles
Flea beetles
Leafhoppers
Squash bugs
Flea beetles
Harlequin bug
Leafhoppers
1to11/2
14
(dandelion,
salsify roots)
Aster leafhopper
Lygus bugs
Spittlebugs
Armyworm endive
Corn earworm
Fall armyworm
Imported
cabbageworm _
Stink bugs
Tarnished plant bug
Atonia/Z
1/2 to 1 3
and (garden beet
roots)
Armyworm Stink bugs ey (garden beet
Tarnished plant bug 1102
Flea beetles
Harlequin bug
Leafhoppers
Corn earworm tops, spinach,
Fall armyworm Swiss chard)
PREHARVEST
1/2 to 1 1)
Tarnished plant bug
Yellowstriped
armyworm (cotton 1to2
cutworm)
Pink bollworm 1 1/2 to 2 1/2
Cutworms Saltmarsh catepillar
Stink bugs
3
(head lettuce &
1 to 2 (escarole), leaf
lettuce & salsify
tops)
SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS
Use banded and/or directed
sprays for optimum control of
early season pests. Total
coverage is essential for
maximum control.
For grasshopper control, refer to
the general GRASSHOPPER
section.
Treat on a5 to 7 day schedule for
as long as control is necessary.
Mid and late season insect
control. May be applied after
bolls open.
For light to moderate populations
in Western irrigated cotton. —__
Aphid populations will be
suppressed by repeated
applications of this insecticide.
Observe
precautions.
For optimum control of squash
bugs, apply sufficient spray
volume for thorough coverage.
Time sprays for early morning or
late afternoon.
plant response
For grasshopper control, refer to
the general GRASSHOPPER
section.
Observe
precautions.
plant response
For grasshopper control, refer to
the general GRASSHOPPER
section.
Do not graze treated areas or
harvest for dairy feed prior to crop
maturity.
For grasshopper control, refer to
the general GRASSHOPPER
section.
For grasshopper control, refer to
the general GRASSHOPPER
section.
=
Potato
Tomato
Eggplant
Pepper
Prickly Pear
cactus
Rangeland
QUARTS OF
SEVIN® PREHARVEST
BRAND XLR INTERVAL
INSECT PLUS/ACRE SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS
Colorado potato
beetle
European corn borer Tarnished plant bug
Fall army worm
Lace bugs
Cochineal scale
(crawlers)
Black grass bug
Mormon cricket
Range caterpillar
Range crane fly
110 11/2
Armyworm
Chinch bugs
Armyworm
Leafhoppers
Thorough coverage is essential
to effectively suppress stink
Stink bugs bugs. When disease trans-
(suppression) mission is suspected, monitor
fields following application and
Tomato fruitworm re-treat if reinfestation occurs.
Tomato hormworm For grasshopper control, refer to
Tomato pinworm the general GRASSHOPPER
section.
Apply as needed at 7 - 10 day
intervals. Do not make more
than 7 applications per season.
For grasshopper control, refer to
the general GRASSHOPPER
section.
FOR AERIAL APPLICATION
ONLY.
Apply a maximum of 2
applications per year. Allow at
least 14 days between
applications.
Carefully mark swaths to avoid
over-application.
For grasshopper control, refer to
the general GRASSHOPPER
section.
Not for use on ticks in California.
Fall armyworm 1to11/2 14 Mississippi Delta & Texas
Stink bugs CAUTION: May kill shimp and
crabs. Do not use in areas
where these are important
resources. Do not use on rice
fields in which crayfish and
catfish farming are included in
the cultural practice. DO NOT
APPLY PROPANIL HERBICIDES
WITHIN 15 DAYS BEFORE OR
AFTER APPLICATION OF THIS
PRODUCT OR PLANT INJURY
WILL RESULT.
For grasshopper control, refer to
he general GRASSHOPPER
2
California Only
For optimum tadpole shrimp
control, apply to water when pest
first appears.
Tadpole shrimp
QUARTS OF
SEVIN® PREHARVEST
BRAND XLR INTERVAL
INSECT PLUS/ACRE SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS
Direct spray into forming heads
for optimum insect control. Treat
for sorghum midge when 25 to 30
percent of heads have emerged
from boot and are in bloom. Use
high pressure spray in sufficient
volume to ensure penetration into
heads. Repeat application 3 to 5
days later if adults are still active.
A third application may be
necessary in late planted
sorghum or if midge are abundant.
For chinch bugs, use high
gallonage ground application
directed at the base of plants.
(milo, grain
sweet and Armyworm Fall armyworm
hybrid) Chinch bugs Stink bugs
Corn earworm Webworms
Southwestern corn
borer
Cutworms
For grasshopper control, refer to
the general GRASSHOPPER
section.
Soybeans Bean leaf beetle Japanese baste 421 to 1 DO NOT APPLY A COMBINATION
Blister beetle Mexican bean OF THIS PRODUCT AND 2,4 DB
Cucumber beetles beetle HERBICIDES TO SOYBEANS AS
Grape colaspis Velvetbean CROP INJURY MAY RESULT.
Green cloverworm caterpillar Use lower rates for light to
moderate populations and smaller
instars and to provide maximum
Com sanworm 1720 112 survival of beneficial insects and
spiders. Use the higher rates for
Alfalfa caterpillar Three aire heavy populations and larger
eafhoppers alfalfa hopper instars.
Thrips For grasshopper control, refer to
Armyworm Fall armyworm $101 1/2 the general GRASSHOPPER
utworms ___Webworms section.
11/2 to2
Painted lady Yellowstriped
(Thistle armyworm
caterpillar)
Saltmarsh
caterpillar
(Woollybear
For grasshopper control, refer to
the general GRASSHOPPER
section.
Sugar beets Armywonn Flea beetles 1 to 1 12
Beet leaf beetle Leafhoppers
Webworms
112
Fall armyworm
Sunflower moth
Stem weevil __ Sunflower beetle
Corn earworm Sweet potato
Cucumber beetles hornworm
Flea beetles Tortoise beetles
Yellowstriped
armyworm
Sweet potato weevil
Sunflower
(DO NOT USE IN
CALIFORNIA)
For grasshopper control, refer to
the general GRASSHOPPER
section.
1 1/2 to 2
Sweet Potato 1to2
(DO NOT USE IN
CALIFORNIA)
Apply as a foliar spray as needed.
For grasshopper control, refer to
the general GRASSHOPPER
section.
—
QUARTS OF
SEVIN® PREHARVEST
BRAND XLR INTERVAL
INSECT PLUS/ACRE DAYS SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS
Tobacco
Plant bed
treatment
OBSERVE PLANT RESPONSE
PRECAUTIONS.
For flea beetle control, use 4
tsps. (0.7 fl. 02.) in 6 gallons of
water and apply to 100 square
yards.
Flea beetle
Green June beetle
grubs
For green June beetle grup
control, mix 11 tablespoons (5.5
fl. oz.) in 50 to 100 gallons of
‘water and apply to 100 square
yards. Applications should be
made to areas that larvae have
uprooted by sprinkling mixture
as a drench treatment.
Field
treatment
Budworms Japanese beetle 1to2
Fall armyworm June beetle
Flea beetles Suckfly
Hornworms
Use lower rate on young plants
(up to Knee height). Use at least
10 gallons of prepared spray per
acre. Begin treatments when
worms are small.
For grasshopper control, refer to
the general GRASSHOPPER
section.
1/2 to 1 0
(aerial
application)
Wasteland,
Rights-of Way,
Hedgerows,
Ditch banks,
Roadsides
Apply a maximum of 2
applications per year. Allow at
least 14 days between
applications.
Black grass bug
Mormon cricket
Range caterpillar
Range crane fly
14
(ground
application)
Do not allow foraging or cut for
hay within 14 days of last
application by ground. Aerially
treated areas may be grazed or
cut for hay on day of treatment.
Carefully mark swaths to avoid
over-application.
For grasshopper control, refer to
the general GRASSHOPPER
section.
Not for use on ticks in California.
Flea bettles 1/2 to 1
Wheat
(including
triticale) Cereal leaf beetle Application is effective against
(DO NOT eggs, larvae and adult of the
USE IN cereal leaf beetle
CALIFORNIA)
1to 11/2 Application for armyworm control
should be made when
armyworms are actively feeding
on the upper foliage and night
temperatures are not expected
to drop below 55° F. If applying
by air, use a minimum of 5 GPA
for optimal coverage.
Armyworm Fall armyworm
For grasshopper control, refer to
the general GRASSHOPPER
section.
TREE
FRUIT AND NUT CROPS
For dilute sprays, apply the specified dosage per each 100 gallons of water. For concentrate and aerial sprays, maintain the
recommended rate per acre equivalent to that used in a dilute spray. The optimum spray gallonage will depend on tree size, density and
stage of growth. Typical spray gallonages per acre range from but are not limited to 100 - 600 gallons for dilute sprays, 20 - 100 gallons
for concentrate sprays and 3 - 25 gallons for aerial sprays. Do not exceed maximum label rate per acre per application.
QUARTS OF
SEVIN®
BRAND XLR | PREHARVEST
PLUS/100 INTERVAL
CROP GAL. DAYS
e:
APPLE THINNING
SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS
OBSERVE BEE CAUTION.
Apply 1 full coverage dilute spray between 10 and 25 days after full bloom.
Factors such as tree age, variety, nutrition, previous crop, pruning, bloom and
degree of set favor excessive fruit thinning with this product. Exercise caution to
avoid possible yield reduction. Rates may vary depending on variety
and local orchard conditions.
Consult with your County Extension Service or other experts for advice on the
proper use of this product.
In Eastern apple growing areas, tank mix combinations of Carbaryl and
Naphthaleneacetic Acid (NAA) or Naphthaleneacetamide (NAD) have
successfully thinned several early-maturing, heavy-setting varietiss, as well as
hard-to-thin varieties such as Golden Delicious and Rhode Island Greening. The
higher rate of Carbaryl and reduced rates of NAA or NAD are recommended for
the combination. Also, a petal fall application of NAA or NAD followed 7 to 10
days later by an application of Carbaryl has improved thinning on these varieties.
For easily thinned varieties including Cortland, Grimes, Jonathan, Mcintosh,
Orleans, Rome Beauty, Puritan, Red Delicious, Winesap, Yellow Newton.
For difficult to thin varieties including Baldwin, Ben Davis, Duchess, Early
McIntosh, Golden Delicious, Lady Apple, Northern Spy, Rhode Island Greening,
Steele Red, Turley, Wealthy, Yellow Transparent, and York Imperial.
QUARTS OF
SEVIN® |
BRAND XLR | PREHARVEST
PLUS/100 | INTERVAL
CROP ad Distt INSECT ~~ GALS. DAYS SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS
Peach twig borer
San Jose scale
Fruittree leafroller
Navel orangeworm
OBSERVE BEE CAUTION.
For peach twig borer, apply in
“popcorn” or petal fall stages
when the May brood begins to
hatch or thereafter as needed.
For dormant or delayed dormant
timing, apply in combination with a
recommended dormant oil.
Time early and mid season
applications to correspond to
moth flight peaks. Do not apply
more than § quarts per acre.
For grasshopper control, refer to
the general GRASSHOPPER
section.
QUARTS OF
SEVIN®
BRAND XLR | PREHARVEST
PLUS/100 INTERVAL
INSECT SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS
Avocados Gypsy moth 172 FOR USE IN JAPANESE BEETLE
(FOR Japanese beetle AND GYPSY MOTH
CALIFORNIA ERADICATION PROGRAMS IN
USE ONLY) CALIFORNIA ONLY.
Use with ground equipment and
spray to run off. Apply when
insects or their damage appear.
Do not make more than 1
application per season.
For grasshopper control, refer to
the general GRASSHOPPER
section.
Chestnuts Chestnut weevil 2103 Make 4 applications at weekly
(DO NOT USE intervals beginning in late July for
IN adult chestnut weevil control.
CALIFORNIA) Last application should be made
prior to shuck split.
For grasshopper control, refer to
the general GRASSHOPPER
section.
citrus citron, Fuller rose beetle (adults) commonly used on citrus.
kumquats and
hybrids) Black scale Citricola scale For grasshopper control, refer to
Brown soft scale Citrus snow scale 3/4 to 1 the general GRASSHOPPER
California red scale Eriophyid mites section.
Yellow scale
Filbert Filbert aphid Apply when leafroller eggs are
Filbert leafroller hatching. Repeat on first
Filbertworm appearance of adult filbert moths
and again 3 to 4 weeks later.
For grasshopper control, refer to
the general GRASSHOPPER
section.
Olives Olive scale 3/4 to 1 For optimum scale control add 1
1/2 gallons of summer oil and
apply mixture when crawlers are
present. Do not exceed 2
applications per year. Do not
apply more than 15 quarts of this
product per acre per application.
For grasshopper control, refer to
the general GRASSHOPPER
section.
Citrus Fruits Avocado leafroller Little leaf notcher OBSERVE BEE CAUTION.
(such as California (Adult)
grapefruit, orangedog Orange tortrix Do not apply more than 20 quarts
lemons, limes, | Citrus cutworm Western tussock of this product per acre per
oranges, Citrus root weevils moth application.
tangelos, Citrus rust mite West Indian
tangerines, Fruittree leafroller sugarcane borer May be mixed with petroleum oils
Peaches
Apricots
Nectarines
Pecans
Plums
Prunes
Cherries
INSECT
Apple pandemis
Codling moth
Cucumber beetles
European earwig
Fruittree leafroller
Gypsy moth
Japanese beetle
June beetle
Lecanium scales
Lesser peachtree
borer
Olive scale
Black margined
aphid
Fall webworm
Hickory shuckworm
Lesser webworm
Pecan leaf
phylloxera
Brown soft scale
Codling moth
Eastern tent
caterpillar
Black cherry aphid
Brown soft scale
Cherry fruitworm
Cherry maggot
Eyespotted but
moth
European earwig
Forbes scale
Fruittree leafroller
Green fruitworm
Gypsy moth
Japanese beetle
Lecanium scales
Orange tortrix
~ Lesser peachtree |
Orange tortrix
Oriental fruit moth
Peach twig borer
Periodical cicada
Plum curculio
Redbanded
leafroller
San Jose scale
Tarnished plant bug
Tussock moth
Variegated leafroller
Pecan stem
phylloxera
Pecan nut
casebearer
Pecan spittlebut
Pecan weevil
Twig girdler
Walnut caterpillar
Navel orangeworm
Tussock moth
borer
Mealy plum aphid
Oystershell scale
Peach twig borer
Plum curculio
Prune leafhopper
Redbanded
leafroller
Rose chafer
San Jose scale
Variegated leafroller
QUARTS OF
SEVIN®
BRAND XLR | PREHARVEST
PLUS/100 INTERVAL
GALS. DAYS
1
(peaches)
3
(apricots &
nectarines)
=
SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS
Do not apply more than 6 quarts
of this product per acre per
application to apricots.
For optimum scale control, apply
when crawlers are present. For
lesser peachtree borer, spray
limbs and trunk thoroughly at
weekly intervals during moth
flight.
For grasshopper control, refer to
the general GRASSHOPPER
section.
Do not apply more than 7.2 quarts
of this product per acre per
application.
For grasshopper control, refer to
the general GRASSHOPPER
section.
Do not apply more than 6 quarts
of this product per acre per
application.
For brown soft scale, apply 4 to 6
quarts per acre per application.
For dormant or delayed dormant
timing, apply in combination with a
recommended dormant oil.
For grasshopper control, refer to
the general GRASSHOPPER
section.
Do not apply more than 6 quarts
of this product per acre per
| application.
For optimum scale control, apply
when crawlers are present.
For lesser peachtree borer
control, spray limbs and tree
trunks thoroughly at weekly
intervals during moth flight.
For grasshopper control, refer to
the general GRASSHOPPER
section.
QUARTS OF
SEVIN®
BRAND XLR | PREHARVEST
PLUS/100 INTERVAL
INSECT GALS. DAYS SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS
Pomefruit
Apple aphid Lesser appleworm
(including Apple maggot Lygus bugs
apples, pears, | Apple rust mite Orange tortrix
loquats, Apple sucker Oystershell scale
crabapples, Bagworms Pearleaf blister mite
oriental pears | California pearsiug Pear psylla
and quince) (pear sawfly) Pear rust mite
Eastern tent Periodical cicada
caterpillar Plum curculio
European apple Redbanded
sawfly leafroller
Eyespotted bud Rosy apple aphid
moth San Jose scale
3/4 to 1 OBSERVE BEE CAUTION.
. To avoid undesired apple
thinning, delay use until at least
30 days after full bloom.
For psylla control apply when
eggs hatch or young nymphs are
present.
To control scale insects, apply
when crawlers are present.
For grasshopper control, refer to
the general GRASSHOPPER
Fruittree leafroller Tentiform leafminers section.
Gypsy moth Yellowheaded
1/2 to 1
White apple
leafhopper
Japanese beetle Apply as needed with ground
equipment at 7 - 14 day intervals.
are suggested for mature trees.
For codling moth apply first spray
when average cross-sectional
diameters of developing nuts are
1/2 to 3/4 inch. Repeat during
middle or late June as needed.
Apply dilute sprays in 200-500
gallons of water
Walnut Calico scale Filbertworm
European fruit Fruittree leafroller gallons of dilute spray per acre
lecanium Frosted scale
Codling moth
Forbes scale Tarnished plant bug
Green fruitworm Woolly apple aphid
Lecanium scales fireworm
Apple mealybug 1/2
Apple aphid
Codling moth
3/4
1/2 For optimal coverage, 1000
1/2
2
Spray tree trunks to point of run-
off.
For grasshopper control, refer to
the general GRASSHOPPER
section.
SMALL FRUIT CROPS
Recommended dosages refer to quarts of SEVIN® brand XLR PLUS Carbary! Insecticide per acre. The optimum spray gallonage will
depend on plant size, density and stage of growth. Typical spray gallonage per acre range from 100-300 gallons for dilute sprays,
25-100 gallons for concentrate sprays and 5-25 gallons for aerial sprays. Do not exceed maximum label rate per acre per application.
QUARTS OF
SEVIN® PREHARVEST
BRAND XLR INTERVAL
INSECT PLUS/ACRE SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS
Blackberries
Raspberries
Dewberries
(including
boysenberries
and
loganberries
Blueberries
Cranberries
Grapes
European raspberry Leafrollers
aphid
Japanese beetle
Leafhoppers
Omnivorous
leafroller
Raspberry sawil
Blueberry maggot
Cherry fruitworm
Cranberry fruitworm
Cutworms
Cranberry fireworms
Cranberry
fruitworms
Cranberry twig
girdler
European fruit
lecanium
Grape leatfolder
Grape leafhopper
Cutworms
Eight-spotted
forester
Grape berry moth
Japanese beetles
| June beetles
Strawberries
Flea beetles
Meadow spittlebug
(strawberry
fruitworm)
Omnivorous leaftier
Rose chafer
Snowy tree cricket
European fruit
lecanium
Japanese beetle
Elm spanworm 1 12 to 3
Gypsy moth
Japanese beetle
Leafhoppers
Rose chafer
Spaganothus worm
Western grapeleaf
skeletonizer
Western
Yellowstriped
Orange tortrix
Ominivorous
leafroller
Redbanded
leafroller
Saltmarsh
caterpillar _
Strawberry clipper
Strawberry bud
weevil
Strawberry leafroller
Strawberry weevil
For grasshopper control, refer to
the general GRASSHOPPER
section.
California Only
Apply 3 weeks before harvest and
repeat as necessary.
For grasshopper control, refer to
the general GRASSHOPPER
section.
OBSERVE BEE CAUTION.
CAUTION: May kill shrimp and
crabs. Do not use in areas where
these are important resources.
For grasshopper control, refer to
the general GRASSHOPPER
section.
For grape leaffolder, apply before
first brood larvae emerge from
rolls.
For grasshopper control, refer to
the general GRASSHOPPER
section.
Carbaryl may injure Early Dawn
and Sunrise varieties.
For grasshopper control, refer to
the general GRASSHOPPER
section.
CONTROL OF TICKS WHICH VECTOR LYME DISEASE
For control of juvenile and adult ticks which vector Lyme Disease, apply the recommended amount in sufficient volume for thorough .
coverage. To prepare small amounts, use 1 tablespoon (1/2 fluid ounce) of SEVIN® brand XLR Plus Carbary! Insecticide per gallon of
water.
1 Tablespoon=1/2 fluid ounce SEVIN® brand XLR Plus Carbaryl Insecticide
QUARTS
OF SEVIN®
brand XLR
Pius/ACRE| SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS
Pastures, Ixodes spp. Use the high rate for heavy tick infestations.
Rangeland, Deer tick, Bear tick,
Wasteland, Rights-of Way, and Black legged tick Use higher spray volumes for dense ground cover or
Hedgerows, Ditchbanks and heavy leaf litter.
Roadsides, Amblyomma spp.
Non-Residential Trees (Forests, Lone Star tick Target applications for nymphal control in late spring
Shelter belts and Plantations only) or early summer. Control of adult ticks can be
achieved with late summer and fall applications.
Do not use spot treatments. Treat entire area and
perimeter areas where exposure to ticks may occur.
Ticks may be reintroduced from surrounding areas on
host animals. Retreat as necessary to maintain
adequate control levels.
DO NOT ALLOW PUBLIC USE OF TREATED AREAS
DURING APPLICATION OR UNTIL SPRAYS HAVE
DRIED.
IMPORTED FIRE ANT CONTROL
AMOUNTS OF
SEVIN® BRAND XLR PLUS/
SITE _~ VOLUME OF WATER SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS
Pastures Apply a total of 2 gallons of the diluted solution over the
Rangeland surface of each mound or at least 1 quart per 6 inches of
Forested Lands and Wasteland mound diameter using a bucket, can or other appropriate
equipment. Thoroughly wet mound and surrounding areas to
a 4 ft. diameter (12 sq. ft.). Do not disturb mounds prior to
treatment. Pour solution from a height of about three feet to
give sufficient force to break mound apex and flow into ant
tunnels. For best results apply in cool weather, 65°-80°F or in
early morning or late evening hours. Repeat application if
mound activity resumes after 10 days. Treat new mounds as
they appear. Pressurized sprays may disturb the ants and
cause migration, reducing product effectiveness.
1 1/2 quarts/100 gallons
or
1 1/2 tablespoons/gallon
DO NOT ALLOW PUBLIC USE OF TREATED AREAS DURING
APPLICATIONS OR UNTIL SPRAYS HAVE DRIED.
DO NOT USE ON ANY FOOD CROP NOT LISTED ON LABEL.
Nursery Stock, Vegetable
Transplants, Foliage Plants and
Bedding Plants
1 1/2 quarts/100 gallons
DO NOT USE IN GREENHOUSES.
Do not make more than one application, either as a root-dip
or a drench treatment (applied to the point of saturation).
Avoid contact with foliage and treat only the growing media
when using on bedding plants.
ADULT MOSQUITO CONTROL
For dilute-spray ground applications to trees (including shade trees, shelter belts, forests, plantations, parks and recreational:areas),
ornamentals, woody plants and shrubs, apply the specified dosage per 100 gallons of water. For concentration-spray ground
applications, apply the specified dosage per acre in sufficient spray volume to provide thorough coverage. To prepare small volumes
of spray, use 1 table spoon (1/2 fluid ounce) of SEVIN® brand XLR PLUS Carbaryl Insecticide per gallon of water, where rates of 1 quart
are indicated.
QUARTS OF
SEVIN® BRAND XLR PLUS /
100 GAL. SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS
Pastures, Rangelands, Parks, 1/4 to 1 DO NOT ALLOW PUBLIC USE OF TREATED AREAS DURING
Recreational Areas, Logging (1/2 to 1 tablespoonful per gallon) | APPLICATION OR UNTIL SPRAYS HAVE DRIED.
Camps, Military Posts and
Adjacent Forested lands or CAUTION: May kill shrimp and crabs. Do not use in areas
Wastelands where there are important resources.
OBSERVE BEE CAUTION
Treat shrubbery and areas where adult mosquitoes
congregate. Treat when adult mosquitoes are active in early
mornings or late evenings. Repeat at 7 to 10 day intervals.
Use 1/4 to 1/2 quart per 100 gallons in mistblowers, 1/2 to 1
quart per acre in aerial sprays and 1 quart per acre in low
pressure ground sprayers.
a 25 ‘a For residual control in subtropical regions apply 4 gallons of
prepared spray per 2000 square feet of surface area.
Repeat in 3 to 6 months or when necessary.
POULTRY INSECT CONTROL
QUARTS OF 3"
SEVIN® BRAND XLR PLUS/
EACH 100 GAL. OF WATER SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS
4
Apply 1 to 2 gallons of spray mixture with conventional power
spray or knapsack equipment per 1000 square feet of wall,
litter or roost surface. Force spray into cracks. Repeat as
needed.
POULTRY QUARTERS .
Bed bugs
Chicken mite
Fleas
Lice
Northern fowl mite
Avoid spraying nests, eggs and feeding and watering
troughs.
Fowl tick Ventilate while spraying. Do not treat premises within 7 days
of slaughter.
Darkling beetle Apply 1 to 2 gallons of spray mixture with conventional power
(Lesser mealworm or Litter beetle) spray or knapsack equipment per 1000 square feet of floor
space, litter surface, walls, cracks, posts, crevices, and
around ventilation areas to insulation. Optimum spray timing
is immediately after flock is removed from the house when
beetles are most active.
Ventilate while spraying. Do not treat premises within 7 days
of slaughter.
LIMITED WARRANTY AND DISCLAIMER
The manufacturer warrants (a)that this product conforms to the chemical description on the label; (b)that this product is reasonably fit
for the purposes set forth in the directions for use when it is used in accordance with such directions; and (c) that the directions,
warnings and other statements on this label are based upon responsible experts’ evaluation of reasonable tests of effectiveness, of
toxicity to laboratory animals and to plants, and of residues on food crops, and upon reports of field experience. Tests have not been
made on all varieties or in all states or under all conditions. THE MANUFACTURER NEITHER MAKES NOR INTENDS, NOR DOES IT
AUTHORIZE ANY AGENT OR REPRESENTATIVE TO MAKE, ANY OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND IT
Spice el EXCLUDES AND DISCLAIMS ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
URPOSE.
THIS WARRANTY DOES NOT EXTEND TO, AND THE BUYER SHALL BE SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR, ANY AND ALL LOSS OR
DAMAGE WHICH RESULTS FROM THE USE OF THIS PRODUCT IN ANY MANNER WHICH IS INCONSISTENT WITH THE LABEL
DIRECTIONS, WARNINGS OR CAUTIONS.
BUYER'S EXCLUSIVE REMEDY AND MANUFACTURER'S OR SELLER'S EXCLUSIVE LIABILITY FOR ANY AND ALL CLAIMS,
LOSSES, DAMAGES, OR INJURIES RESULTING FROM THE USE OR HANDLING OF THIS PRODUCT, WHETHER OR NOT BASED IN
CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY IN TORT OR OTHERWISE, SHALL BE LIMITED, AT THE MANUFACTURER'S OPTION,
TO REPLACEMENT OF, OR THE REPAYMENT OF THE PURCHASE PRICE FOR, THE QUANTITY OF PRODUCT WITH RESPECT TO
WHICH DAMAGES ARE CLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL MANUFACTURER OR SELLER BE LIABLE FOR SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OR HANDLING OF THIS PRODUCT.
THIS SPECIMEN LABEL !S INTENDED FOR USE ONLY AS A GUIDE IN PROVIDING GENERAL INFORMATION
REGARDING THE DIRECTIONS, WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF THIS
PRODUCT. AS WITH ANY AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL, ALWAYS FOLLOW THE LABEL INSTRUCTIONS ON THE
PACKAGE BEFORE USING.
Form No. 93012
5ne-Poulenc Ag Compan
Rhéne-Poulenc Ag pany Printed USA - 9/91
P.O. Box 12014, 2 T.W. Alexander Drive
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
SEVIN is a registered trademark of RHONE-POULENC.
©1991 Rhéne-Poulenc Ag Company
Made in USA.
EPA Approval: 2/2/91
brand Carbaryl Insecticide (oP RHONE-POULENC
FOR COMMERCIAL USE ONLY
ACTIVE INGREDIENT:
Garbary! (i-naphthyliN-methyicarbamate mer, Neveetertts oct cosets Slat. devote acsaug.adesascadbica MWR.» dicauwl& dadbess wandte. 40% by wt.
BEES CSUN Cabs CUES fecp serrate rs en tec ece creas sata nentanncacoh eas anal ccgrcuscns sears tecematrnt-penscg see saePsesnesanees 60% by wt.
E.P.A. Reg. No. 264-321 E.P.A. Est. No. 264-MO-02
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
CAUTION
For MEDICAL And TRANSPORTATION Emergencies ONLY Call 24 Hours A Day 1-800-334-7577
For PRODUCT USE Information Call 1-800-334-9745
STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
IF SWALLOWED: Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious or convulsing person. If conscious and not convulsing, drink 1
to 2 glasses of water and induce vomiting by touching the back of the throat with finger.
IF IN EYES: Flush eyes with plenty of water. Get medical attention ff irritation persists.
IF ON SKIN: Wash thoroughly with soap and water.
IF INHALED: Move from contaminated atmosphere and call a physician.
GENERAL
Contact a physician immediately in all cases of suspected poisoning. Transport to a physician or hospital immediately and SHOW A
COPY OF THIS LABEL TO THE PHYSICIAN. I poisoning is suspected in animals, contact a veterinarian.
NOTE TO PHYSICIAN
Carbaryl is a carbamate insecticide, which is a cholinesterase inhibitor. Overexposure to this substance may cause toxic signs and
symptoms due to stimulation of the cholinergic nervous system. These effects of overexposure are spontaneously and rapidly
reversible. Gastric lavage may be used if this product has been swallowed. Carbaryl poisoning may occur rapidly after ingestion and
prompt removal of stomach contents is indicated. -
Specific treatment consists of parenteral atropine sulfate. Caution should be iaintaled to prevent overatropinization. Mild cases
may be given 1 to 2 mg intramuscularly every 10 minutes until full atropinization has been achieved and repeated thereafter whenever
symptoms reappear. Severe cases should be given 2 to 4 mg intravenously every 10 minutes until fully atropinized, then
intramuscularly every 30 to 60 minutes to maintain the effect for at least 12 hours. Dosages for children should be appropriately
reduced. Complete recovery from overexposure is to be expected within 24 hours.
Narcotics and other sedatives should not be used. Further, drugs like 2-PAM (pyridine-2-aldoxime methiodide) are NOT recommended.
To aid in confirmation of a diagnosis, urine samples should be obtained within 24 hours of exposure and immediately frozen. Analyses
will be arranged by Rhéne-Poulenc Ag Company. -
Consultation on therapy can be obtained at all hours by calling the Rhéne-Poulenc emergency number 1-800-334-7577.
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
CAUTION
HAZARDS TO HUMANS AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS
MAY BE HARMFUL IF SWALLOWED, OVEREXPOSURE MAY CAUSE: Avoid breathing spray. Do not take internally.
Avoid contact with eyes, skin or clothing. Wear regular long-sleeved work clothing and head covering. Change to clean clothing daily.
Bathe and wash hair after each work day. Do not eat, drink or use tobacco while working with this product or spray solutions. Wash
hands and face before eating, drinking or using tobacco. Keep out of reach of children and domestic animals.
Salivation, watery eyes, pinpoint eye pupils, blurred vision, muscle tremors, difficult breathing, excessive sweating, abdominal
cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, headache. IN SEVERE CASES CONVULSION, UNCONSCIOUSNESS AND
RESPIRATORY FAILURE MAY OCCUR. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF OVEREXPOSURE OCCUR RAPIDLY
FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO THIS PRODUCT.
ANTIDOTE STATEMENT
ATROPINE SULFATE |S HIGHLY EFFECTIVE AS AN ANTIDOTE. Narcotics and other sedatives should not be used. Further, drugs
like 2-PAM (pyridine-2-aldoxime methiodide) are not recommended. See NOTE TO PHYSICIAN .
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS on
This product is extremely toxic to aquatic and estuarine invertebrates. Do not apply directly to water and wetlands, except under the
forest canopy and use on rice. Discharge from rice fields may kill aquatic and estaurine invertebrates. Do not apply when weather -
conditions favor drift from area treated. Do not contaminate water when disposing of equipment washwaters.
BEE CAUTION: MAY KILL HONEYBEES IN SUBSTANTIAL NUMBERS.
This product is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift
to blooming crops or weeds if bees are visiting the treatment area. Contact your Cooperative Agricultural Extension Service or your
local Rhéne-Poulenc Ag Company representative for further information.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
It Is a violation of Federal Law to use this product In a manner Inconsistent with Its labeling.
Read entire jabel before using this product.
STRICTLY OBSERVE LABEL DIRECTIONS AND CAUTIONS, AND APPLICABLE FEDERAL AND STATE
REGULATIONS. DO NOT USE ON ANY CROP NOT LISTED ON THIS LABEL OR SUPPLEMENTAL LABELING
AS ANY RESIDUES REMAINING MAY BE ILLEGAL OR HARMFUL.
GENERAL WORKER PROTECTION STATEMENTS
Do not apply this product in such a manner as to directly or through drift expose workers or other persons. The area treated must be
vacated by unprotected persons.
Do not enter treated areas without protective clothing until sprays have dried.
Because certain states may require more restrictive reentry intervals for various crops treated with this product, consult your State
Department of Agriculture for further information.
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
STORAGE
Store unused CHIPCO® SEVIMOL® brand Carbaryl Insecticide in original container only, in cool, dry area out of reach of children and
animals. Do not store in areas where temperatures frequently exceed 100°F. Product may be used after freeze thaw conditions.
PESTICIDE DISPOSAL
Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal. Open dumping prohibited. Wastes resulting from the use of this
product may be disposed of on site or at an approved waste disposal facility.
CONTAINER DISPOSAL
Triple rinse (or equivalent). Then offer for recycling or reconditioning, or puncture and dispose of in a sanitary landfill, or incineration,
or, if allowed by state and local authorities, by burning. lf container is burned, stay out of smoke.
GENERAL INFORMATION
CHIPCO® SEVIMOL® brand Carbary! Insecticide is a suspension of microfine SEVIN® brand Carbaryl Insecticide in an aqueous
medium. Kk readily disperses in water to form a spray which may be applied by air or ground.
Written or oral warnings must be given to workers who are expected to be in treated area or in an area about to be treated with this
product. Advise workers to stay out of fields during applications and until sprays have dried. Regular long-sleeved work clothing
should be worn when working in treated fields. See PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS, STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT and
NOTE TO PHYSICIAN for information on accidental exposures. When oral warnings are given, warnings shall be given in a language
customarily understood by workers. Oral warnings must be given if there is reason to believe that written warnings cannot be
understood by workers. Written warnings must include the following information: Appropriate signal word (CAUTION), area treated with
CHIPCO® SEVIMOL® brand Carbaryl Insecticide, date of application, appropriate clothing and reentry interval (i.¢., until sprays have
dried).
PREHARVEST AND GRAZING INFORMATION AND LIMITATIONS
Tolerances established under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act permit the sale of crops bearing probable carbaryl residues
when this product is used in accordance with label directions. lf used as directed, treated forage may be grazed or used as feed for
dairy and meat animals without causing illegal residues in meat or milk. See specific crop directions for grazing and preharvest interval
restrictions and limitations. Do not apply at greater rates or at more frequent intervals than are stated on the label. To do so may result
in illegal residues in crops, meat and milk.
Do not plant rotational food and feed crops not listed on this or other carbaryl labels in carbaryl treated soil.
Do not use reclaimed irrigation water from crops treated with carbaryl on upland crops for which carbaryl tolerances are not established.
PLANT RESPONSE PRECAUTIONS
To avoid possible injury to tender foliage, do not apply to wet foliage or during periods of high humidity.
Do not use on Boston ivy, Virginia creeper and maidenhair fern as injury will result. Carbaryl may also injure Virginia and sand pines.
Carefully observe label instructions on apple thinning to avoid excessive thinning. Combinations with certain herbicides on rice and
soybeans may be phytotoxic. Refer to specific directions for appropriate crop.
SPRAY PREPARATION
TO ASSURE A UNIFORM PRODUCT, AGITATE, STIR OR RECIRCULATE ALL CONTAINERS OF THIS PRODUCT PRIOR TO USE.
Remove oil, rust, scale, pesticide residues and other foreign matter from mix tanks and entire spray system. Flush with clean water.
Fill spray or mix tank with 1/2 to 3/4 the desired amount of water. Start mechanical or hydraulic agitation. Slowly add the required
amount of CHIPCO® SEVIMOL® brand Carbaryl Insecticide and then the remaining volume of water. Include rinse water from container.
Prepare only as much spray mixture as can be applied on the day of mixing. MAINTAIN CONTINUOUS AGITATION DURING MIXING
AND APPLICATION TO ASSURE A UNIFORM SUSPENSION. DO NOT STORE SPRAY MIXTURES FOR PROLONGED PERIODS OR
DEGRADATION OF CARBARYL MAY OCCUR. Local water conditions may also accelerate the degradation of spray mixtures
containing carbaryl. See COMPATIBILITY STATEMENT below.
COMPATIBILITY
CHIPCO® SEVIMOL® brand Carbaryl Insecticide, when diluted with an equal volume of water, is compatible with a wide range of
pesticides. It is not compatible with diesel fuel, Kerosene, fuel oil or aromatic solvents. If compatibility with another product and the
resulting crop response is unknown, it should be tested on a small scale. Curdling, precipitation, greasing, layer formation or increased
viscosity are symptoms of incompatibility. Incompatibility will reduce insect control and may cause mechanical difficulties or plant
injury. Observe all cautions and limitations on labeling of all products used in mixtures. WHEN PREPARING COMBINATIONS
SPRAYS, FIRST ADD CHIPCO® SEVIMOL® BRAND CARBARYL INSECTICIDE TO AT LEAST AN EQUAL VOLUME OF WATER, MIX
THOROUGHLY, AND THEN ADD COMBINATION PRODUCTS TO THE MIXTURE. DO NOT APPLY TANK MIX COMBINATIONS UNLESS
YOUR PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE INDICATES THE MIXTURE IS EFFECTIVE AND WILL NOT RESULT IN APPLICATION PROBLEMS,
OR PLANT INJURY.
Carbary! is unstable under highly alkaline conditions and mixtures with strong bases, such as Bordeaux, lime-sulfur and casein-lime
spreaders, will result in chemical degradation of the insecticide. Do not use this product in water with pH values above 8.0 unless a
buffer is added. If necessary, water should be buffered to neutral (pH=7.0) before adding this product to the spray tank. Overhead
irrigation with alkaline or muddy water after application will also accelerate chemical degradation and may result in reduced insect
control.
APPLICATION
Do not apply this product through any type of Irrigation system.
May be applied undiluted to cotton. On all crops, use sufficient gallonage to obtain thorough and uniform coverage. Observe crop label
instructions for specific directions regarding spray volume where they occur. Calibrate spray equipment to deliver the required volume.
The flow rate of this product diluted 1:1 with water is similar to water. Use 50 mesh slotted strainers in spray system and 25 mesh
slotted strainers behind nozzles.
To clean spray system after use, drain and flush with water and detergent mixture. Rinse thoroughly with clean water. Refer to the
Storage and Disposal directions for disposal instructions.
INSECT CONTROL
Begin application when insect populations reach recognized economic threshold levels. Consult the Cooperative Extension Service,
professional consultants or other qualified authorities to determine appropriate threshold levels for treatment in your area. Where a
dosage range is indicated, use lower rate on light to moderate infestations, young plants and early insect instars and the higher rate on
heavy infestations, mature plants, advanced insect instars and adults. Thorough and uniform spray coverage is essential for effective
control.
NOTE: All references to armyworm on the crops listed below refer to the species, Pseudaletia unipuncta, often called the “true
armyworm." Except where indicated otherwise, this product is not registered for the control of other armyworm species. Regional
differences have been noted in the susceptibility of certain strains of fall armyworm, Colorado potato beetle, spotted tentiform
leafminer, and tobacco budworm (on cotton) to carbary!. Control can only be claimed for stink bugs other than the Southern green stink
bug for which only suppression is claimed. If local experience indicates inadequate control, use an alternative pesticide.
~ TREES AND ORNAMENTALS —
For dilute-spray ground applications to the sites listed below, apply the specified dosage per 100 gallons of water. For concentrate-
spray ground applications, apply the specified dosage per acre in sufficient spray volume to provide thorough coverage. To prepare
small volumes of spray, use specified dosage in parenthesis in sufficient spray volume to provide thorough coverage. Avoid direct
application to lakes, streams and ponds.
1 Tablespoon = 1/2 fluid ounce CHIPCO® SEVIMOL® brand Carbary! Insecticide,
TQUARTS OF
Trees
(including
syrup
producing
sugar maple,
shade trees,
shetter belts,
forests,
plantations,
parks and
recreational
areas),
Ornamentals
(including
roses,
flowers and
other
herbaceous
plant),
Woody
Plants and
Shrubs
Ants
Apple aphid
Armyworm
Azalea leafminer
Bagworms
Birch leafminer
Blister beetle
bug
INSECT
Holly bud moth
Holly leafminer
CHIPCO®
SEVIMOL®
BRAND/100
GALS.
Poinsettia hornworm 1
Psyllids (1/2 0z./gal.)
Jackpine budworm Puss caterpillar
Japanese beetle
Jeffrey pine
needleminer
June beetles
Lace bugs
Boxwood leafminer Leafhoppers
Brown tail moth
Cankerworms
Catalpa sphinx
Chiggers
Cutworms
Cypress tip moth
Eastern spruce
gall aphid
Elm leaf aphid
Elm leaf beetle
Elm spanworm
Eriophyid mites
European pine
shoot moth
Fall armyworm
Flea beetles
Fuller rose beetle
Gall midges
Gall wasps
Green striped
mapleworm
Grasshoppers
Hackberry
nipplegall
aker
Cooley spruce
gall aphid
3/4 10 1
Leafrollers
Locust borer
Maple leafcutter
Mealy bugs
Mimosa webworm
Nantucket pine
tip moth
Oak leafminers
Oak leaf
skeletonizer
Oak moth
Oakworm complex
Redhumped
oakworm
Rose chafer
Rose aphid Boxelder
Roseslug
Saddled prominent
Sawfilies
(exposed)
Scale insects
Sowbugs
Spiney elm
caterpillars
Springtails
Spruce budworm
Spruce needleminer
Subtropical pine
tip moth
Tent caterpillars
Oleander caterpillar Thorn bug
Olive ash borer
Orange striped
oakworm
Orange tortrix
Periodical cicada
Pine looper
Pine sawlly
Pine spittlebug
Pitch pine tip moth
Plant bugs
Douglas-fir
tussock moth
Spruce budworm
Ips engraver beetles
Mountain pine beetle
Roundheaded pine beetle
Spruce beetle
Thrips (exposed)
Ticks
Walnut caterpillar
Webworms
Western hemlock
looper
Western spruce
budworm
Willow leaf beetles
Yellow poplar weevil
Western spruce 1to2
budworm
Woolly gall aphid
20
(6.5 oz/gal.)
SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS
Observe plant response precau-
tions.
Apply dilute sprays to obtain
thorough coverage of upper and
lower leaf surfaces. To control scale
insects, treat trunks, stems and
twigs in addition to plant foliage. For
optimum worm control, treat when in
early instars. Addition of a sticker
may improve residual control.
Applications for control of maple
leafcutter on sugar maple should be
made when larvae are in second
insect instar after mining and as
cases are being formed.
DO NOT ALLOW PUBLIC USE
OF TREATED AREAS DURING
APPLICATIONS OR UNTIL
SPRAYS HAVE DORIED.
Use the higher rate when large larvae
or heavy populations are present.
Effective as a preventive treatment
only. Repeat annually as required to
prevent beetle attacks.
Western pine beetle
Elm bark beetle
Apply 1 gallon of spray per 50 square
feet of bark in late May to early June,
or prior to beetle attack. Treat tree
trunks from ground level up, until
trunk diameter is less than 5 inches.
Apply approximately 20-30 gallons of
spray mixture for each 50 feet of elm
tree for thorough coverage of all bark
surfaces on trunks, limbs and twigs. |
For control of turfgrass pests, apply the specified dosage in sufficient spray volume for thorough coverage and turf thatch penetration.
Where a dosage range is indicated, use the higher rate on large pest populations, advanced instars and dense vegetation. Repeat
treatment as necessary.
AMOUNT OF CHIPCO®SEVIMOL®
FL. OZ QUARTS
SITE INSECT 1000 SQ. FT. ACRE
Turt Ants June beetles 1.5 to3
grasses | Armyworm Leafhoppers
Centipedes Lucerne moth
Chiggers Millipedes
Cutworms Mosquitoes
Earwigs (adults)
Essex skipper Sowbugs
European chafer Spittlebugs
Fall armyworm Springtails
Fiery skipper Ticks
Grasshoppers Yellowstriped
Green June armyworm
beetle grub
Chinch bugs Sod webworms
Mole crickets (lawn moths)
SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS
DO NOT ALLOW PUBLIC USE
OF TREATED AREAS DURING
APPLICATIONS OR UNTIL
SPRAYS HAVE DORIED.
For Armyworm, Cutworm and
Fall Armyworm Control: Do not
irrigate treated areas following
insecticide application.
For Green June Beetle Grub
Control: Make applications when
grubs are feeding near the soi!
surface. Irrigation of turf grass soon
after treatment will aid in penetration
of insecticide into thatch.
For Chinch Bug Control: Treat
entire grass area rather than just
damaged areas. Irrigation of turf
grass area before treatment will aid in
penetration of insecticide into turf
grass.
For Mole Cricket Control:
Treatment should be made in the
afternoon or early evening following
turf grass irrigation. Do not irrigate
treated areas following insecticide
application.
For Sod Webworm Control: Do
not irrigate treated areas following
insecticide application.
For European Crane Fly
Control: Treatments should be
applied in early spring, April 1 to April
15, of as recommended by local
Agricultural Extension Service
agents. Irrigation of turfgrass soon
after treatment will aid in penetration
of insecticide into thatch.
For White Grub Control:
Applications should be made when
grubs are feeding near the soil
surface, usually during late March
through May, or July to early
September, or as recommended by
local Agricultural Extension Service
agents. Irrigation of turfgrass soon
after treatment will aid in penetration
of insecticide into thatch.
Bluegrass billbug
European crane fly
Fleas
White grubs
(such as Japanese beetle,
Chafer beetle, and
Phyllophaga spp. larvae)
For use as a mound treatment to control imported fire ants, apply the specified dosage directly to the mound. To prepare small amounts,
use 1 tablespoon (1/2 fluid ounce) of CHIPCO® SEVIMOL® brand Carbaryl Insecticide per gallon of water.
1 Tablespoon = 1/2 fluid ounce of CHIPCO® SEVIMOL® brand Carbary! Insecticide
QUARTS OF CHIPCO®
SITE SEVIMOL®/100
yon _ GALLONS OF WATER
Lawns, Cemeteries 11/2
and Recreational Areas (including turf, golf (1/2 02./gallon)
courses, and parks), Pastures,
Rangeland, Forested lands, and
Wasteland
SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS
DO NOT ALLOW PUBLIC USE OF TREATED AREAS
DURING APPLICATIONS OR UNTIL SPRAYS HAVE DRIED.
Apply a total of 2 gallons of the diluted solution over the
surface of each mound or at least 1 quart per 6 inches of
mound diameter using a bucket, can or other appropriate
equipment. Thoroughly wet mound and surrounding area to
a 4 ft. diameter (12 sq. ft). Do not disturb mounds prior to
treatment. Pour solution from a height of about three feet to
give sufficient force to break mound apex and flow into ant
tunnels. For best results apply in cool weather, 65-80° F, or
in early morning or late evening hours. Repeat application A
mound activity resumes after 10 days. Treat new mounds
as they appear. Pressurized sprays may disturb the ants
and cause migration, reducing product effectiveness.
DO NOT USE ON ANY FOOD CROP NOT LISTED ON
LABEL.
Do not make more than one application, ether as a root-dip
or a drench treatment (applied to the point of saturation).
Nursery Stock, Vegetable Transplants,
Foliage Plants and Bedding Plants
Avoid contact with foliage and treat only the growing media
ing on bedding plants.
ADULT MOSQUITO CONTROL
For dilute-spray ground applications to trees (including shade trees, shelter belts, forests, plantations, parks and recreational areas),
ornamentals, woody plants and shrubs, apply the specified dosage per 100 gallons of water. For concentrate-spray ground
applications, apply the specified dosage in sufficient spray volume to provide thorough coverage. To prepare small volumes of spray,
use specified dosage in parentheses in sufficient spray volume to provide thorough coverage.
1 Tablespoon = 1/2 fluid ounce of CHIPCO® SEVIMOL® brand Carbary! Insecticide
QUARTS OF CHIPCO®
SEVIMOL® BRAND/100
GALLONS OF WATER
SITE =a a __| SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS > es CEES Pe
Pastures, Rangelands, Parks, 1/4 to 1 DO NOT ALLOW PUBLIC USE OF TREATED
Recreational Areas, Logging Camps, (1/4 to 1/2 0z./gallon) AREAS DURING APPLICATIONS OR UNTIL
Military Posts and Adjacent Forested SPRAYS HAVE DRIED.
lands or Wastelands CAUTION: May kill shrimp and crabs. Avoid direct
application to lakes, streams, and ponds. Do not use in
areas where these are important resources.
Observe Bee Caution
Treat shrubbery and areas where adult mosquitoes
congregate. Treat when adult mosquitoes are active in
early mornings or late evenings. Repeat at 7 to 10 day
intervals.
Use 1/4 to 1/2 quart per 100 gallons in mistblowers, 1/2 to 1
quart per acre in aerial sprays and 1 quart per acre in low
pressure ground sprayers.
a) For residual control in subtropical regions apply 4 gallons of
(17 oz./gallon) prepared spray per 2000 square feet of surface area.
Repeat in 3 to 6 months or when necessary.
For control of juvenile and adult ticks which vector Lyme Disease, apply the recommended amount in sufficient volume for thorough
coverage. To prepare small amounts, use 1 tablespoon (1/2 fluid ounce) of CHIPCO® SEVIMOL® brand Carbary! Insecticide per gallon
of water.
1 Tablespoon=1/2 fluid ounce CHIPCO® SEVIMOL® brand Carbary! Insecticide
QUARTS OF
CHIPCO®
SEVIMOL®
PER ACRE | SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS
Lawns and Recreational Turfgrass | /yodes spp. Use the high rate for heavy tick infestations.
(Including: Lawns & Perimeters,
Golf Courses, Sports Fields,
Cemetaries, Parks, and
Pastures)
Shrubs, Ornamentals, Wooded
Areas (Including: Military Posts,
Logging camps, and Campsites)
Wastelands
Deer tick, Bear tick, Use higher spray volumes for dense ground cover
and Black legged tick or heavy leaf litter and on lush turf with thatch
buildup.
Amblyomma spp. Target applications for nymphal control in late
Lone Star tick spring or early summer.Control of adult ticks can be
achieved with late summer and fall applications.
Do not use spot treatments. Treat entire area and
perimeter areas where exposure to ticks may occur.
Ticks may be reintroduced from surrounding areas
on host animals. Retreat as necessary to maintain
adequate control levels.
DO NOT ALLOW PUBLIC USE OF
TREATED AREAS DURING APPLICATION
OR UNTIL SPRAYS HAVE DRIED.
PEST CONTROL AROUND BUILDINGS
(FOR EXTERNAL USE AROUND BUILDINGS ONLY)
LIMITED TO PEST CONTROL OPERATORS ONLY
For use as an external perimeter treatment to prevent infestations of buildings, apply the specified dosage in a band 6 to 10 feet wide
around the outside perimeter of the structure.
1 Tablespoon = 1/2 fluid ounce of CHIPCO® SEVIMOL® brand Carbaryl Insecticide
QUARTS wae CHIPCO®
SEVIMOL® BRAND/
INSECT 100 GALLONS SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS
Ants Firebrats 20 DO NOT ALLOW PUBLIC USE OF TREATED AREAS DURING
ays Paws (6.5 oz./gallon) APPLICATIONS OR UNTIL SPRAYS HAVE DRIED.
: es Apply as a course wet spray in a band 6 to 10 feet wide around the
Brown dog tick —Millipedes outside perimeter of buildings. Confine applications to areas
Centipedes Scorpions immediately adjacent to the building. Direct application to the
Cockroaches _ Silverfish structure should be minimal and restricted to cracks, crevices,
and areas where insects tend to congregate.
Spid
Soa ides May be applied to outdoor sleeping quarters of pets. Do not treat
Earwigs Wasps animals.
Staining may occur on certain surfaces such as stucco, brick,
cinder block, and wood. Avoid application to surfaces where
visible spray residues are objectionable.
For dilute sprays apply the specified dosage per each 100 gallons of water. For concentrate and aerial sprays, maintain the
recommended rate per acre equivalent to that in a dilute spray. The optimum spray gallonage will depend on tree size, density and
stage of growth. Typical spray gallonages per acre range from, but are not limited to, 200-300 gallons for dilute sprays, 30-100 gallons
for concentrate sprays and 5-25 gallons for aerial sprays. Do not exceed maximum label rate per acre per application.
QUARTS OF CHIPCO®
SEVIMOL®/100 GALS.
1/4 to 1/2
APPLE THINNING
PREHARVEST |
INTERVAL
DAYS
SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS
Observe Bee Caution.
Apply 1 full coverage dilute spray between 10 and 25 days
after full bloom. Factors such as the tree age, variety,
nutrition, previous crop, pruning, bloom and degree of set
favor excessive fruit thinning with this product. Exercise
caution to avoid possible yield reduction. Rates may
vary depending on varlety and local orchard
conditions.
Consut with your County Extension Service or other experts
for advise on the proper use of this product.
In Eastern apple growing areas, tank mix combinations of
carbaryl and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or naphtha-
leneacetamide (NAD) have successfully thinned several
early-maturing, heavy-setting varieties, as well as hard-to-
thin varieties such as Golden Delicious and Rhode Island
Greening. The higher rate of carbaryl and reduced rates of
NAA or NAD are recommended for the combination. Also, a
petal fall application of NAA or NAD followed 7 to 10 days
later by an application of carbaryl has improved thinning on
these varieties.
For easily thinned varieties including Cortland, Grimes,
Jonathan, Mcintosh, Orleans, Rome Beauty, Puritan, Red
Delicious, Winesap, Yellow Newton.
For difficult to thin varieties including Baldwin, Ben Davis,
Duchess, Early McIntosh, Golden Delicious, Lady Apple,
Northern Spy, Rhode Island Greening, Steele Red, Turley,
Wealthy, Yellow Transparent and York Imperial.
QUARTS OF
CHIPCO
GHIPCOS, | PREHARVEST
BRAND/100 INTERVAL
INSECT GALS. SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS
Peach twig borer
San Jose Scale
Fruittree leafroller
Observe Bee Caution.
Apply in “popcorn” or petal fall
stages and again when the May
brood of the peach twig borer
begins to hatch or thereafter as
needed.
Navel orangeworm Time early and mid season
applications to correspond to moth
fight peaks. Make a late season
application at initiation of hull split
or up to 10% hull split. Do not
more that 5 quarts per acre.
Citrus Avocado leafroller Orange tortrix 1 Observe Bee Cautlon.
Fruits California orangedog Western tussock
(such as Citrus cutworm moth
grapefruit, Citrus root weevil West Indian
lemons, Fruittree leafroller sugarcane
limes, borer (adults
pian es, Black scale Citriocla scale 3/4 to 1 To insure thorough coverage, do
tangelos, Brown soft scale Citrus snow scale not apply less than 10 gallons of
tangerines, California red scale Yellow scale dilute spray mixture per mature
citrus, citron, trees. May be mixed with
kumquats and petroleum oils commonly used on
hybrids) citrus.
Apply dilute sprays in 300 to 500
gallons
Apply when leafroller eggs are
hatching. Repeat on first
appearance of adult filbert moths
and again 3 to 4 weeks later.
Apply dilute sprays in 300 to 400
gallons
Do not apply more than 20 quans
of this product per acre per
application.
Filbert Filbert aphid
Filbert leafroller
Filbertworm
Olives Olive scale 3/4 to 1 For optimum scale control add 1
1/2 gallons of summer oil and apply
mixture when crawlers are present.
Do not exceed 2 applications per
year. Do not apply more than 15
quarts of this product per acre per
application.
Do not apply more than 6 quarts of
(peaches) this product per acre per
application to apricots.
3 For optimum scale control apply
(apricots & when crawlers are present. Spray
nectarines) limbs and trunk thoroughly, weekly
during moth flight.
Apply dilute sprays in 200 to 400
gallons per acre.
Peaches Apple pandemis Oriental fruit moth
Apricots Codling moth Peach twig borer
Nectarines Cucumber beetles Periodical cicada
European earwig Plum curculio
Fruittree leafroller Redbanded
Japanese beetle leafroller
June beetles San Jose scale
Lecanium scales =‘ Tarnished plant
Lesser peachtree bug
borer Tussock moths
Olive scale Variegated
Orange tortrix leafroller
QUARTS OF
CHIPCO® PREHARVEST
BRAND/i00 | 'NTERVAL
CROP INSECT GALS. (DAYS) | SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS _
Pecans Black margined Pecan stem 1 to 2 1/2 Do not apply more than 7.2 quarts
aphid phylloxera of this product per acre per
Fall webworm Pecan nut application.
Hickory shuckworm = casebearer Apply dilute sprays in 200 to 400
Lesser webworm Pecan spittlebug gallons of water per acre.
Pecan leaf Pecan weevil
phylloxera Twig girdler
Walnut caterpillar
Do not apply more than 6 quarts of
this product per acre per
Plums
Prunes
Codling moth Orange tortrix
Eastern tent Tussock moth
Cherries caterpillar = application.
Black cherry aphid Lesser peachtree For optimum scale control apply
Brown soft scale borer when crawlers are present.
Cherry fruitworm Mealy plum aphid For lesser peachtree borer control
Cherry maggot Oystershell scale spray limbs and tree trunks
European earmwig Peach twig borer
Eyespotted bud Plum curculio
moth Prune leafhopper
Forbes scale Redbanded
Fruittree leafroller leafroller
Green fruitworm Rose chafer
Japanese beetle San Jose scale
Lecanium scales Variegated
leafroller
gallons of water per acre.
Walnut Calico scale Filbertworm
European fruit Fruittree leafroller
Apply 1000 gallons of dilute spray
per acre for mature trees.
lecanium Frosted scale _
Codling moth For codling moth apply first spray
when average cross sectional
diameters of developing nuts are
1/2 to 3/4 inch. Repeat during
middle or late June as needed.
Apply dilute sprays in 200 to 500
gallons of water pe :
— : ~ x ——————————EEE . off. — . emcee |
thoroughly, weekly during moth
flight.
Apply dilute sprays in 200 to 400
3/4
as
LIMITED WARRANTY AND DISCLAIMER
The manufacturer warrants (a) that this product conforms to the chemical description on the label; (b) that this product is reasonably fit
for the purposes set forth in the directions for use when it is used in accordance with such directions; and (c) that the directions,
warnings and other statements on this label are based upon responsible experts’ evaluation of reasonable tests of effectiveness, of
toxicity to laboratory animals and to plants, and of residues on food crops, and upon reports of field experience. Tests have not been
made on all varieties or in all states or under all conditions. THE MANUFACTURER NEITHER MAKES NOR INTENDS, NOR DOES IT
AUTHORIZE ANY AGENT OR REPRESENTATIVE TO MAKE, ANY OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND IT
EXPRESSLY EXCLUDES AND DISCLAIMS ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE.
THIS WARRANTY DOES NOT EXTEND TO, AND THE BUYER SHALL BE SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR, ANY AND ALL LOSS OR
DAMAGE WHICH RESULTS FROM THE USE OF THIS PRODUCT IN ANY MANNER WHICH IS INCONSISTENT WITH THE LABEL
DIRECTIONS, WARNINGS OR CAUTIONS.
BUYER'S EXCLUSIVE REMEDY AND MANUFACTURER'S OR SELLER'S EXCLUSIVE LIABILITY FOR ANY AND ALL CLAIMS,
LOSSES, DAMAGES, OR INJURIES RESULTING FROM THE USE OR HANDLING OF THIS PRODUCT, WHETHER OR NOT BASED IN
CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY IN TORT OR OTHERWISE, SHALL BE LIMITED, AT THE MANUFACTURER'S OPTION,
TO REPLACEMENT OF, OR THE REPAYMENT OF THE PURCHASE PRICE FOR, THE QUANTITY OF PRODUCT WITH RESPECT TO
WHICH DAMAGES ARE CLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL MANUFACTURER OR SELLER BE LIABLE FOR SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OR HANDLING OF THIS PRODUCT.
NOTICE TO BUYER
Purchase of this material does not confer any rights under patents governing this product or the use thereof in countries outside of the
United States.
THIS SPECIMEN LABEL IS INTENDED FOR USE ONLY AS A GUIDE IN PROVIDING GENERAL INFORMATION
REGARDING THE DIRECTIONS, WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF THIS
PRODUCT. AS WITH ANY AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL, ALWAYS FOLLOW THE LABEL INSTRUCTIONS ON THE
PACKAGE BEFORE USING. _
Rhéne-Poulenc Ag Company Form No. SP9$4092
P.O. Box 12014, 2 T.W. Alexander Drive Printed USA - 1/92
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
CHIPCO and SEVIMOL are registered trademarks of Rhéne-Poulenc. EPA Approved 5/10/90
©1992 Rhéne-Poulenc Ag Company
i
| Specimen Label
To Be Applied Only by or Under the Direct Supervision of Commercial
Applicators Responsible for Insect Control Programs. Sale to or Use by
Persons Owning or Occupying a Dwelling is Strictly Prohibited.
Active Ingredient(s):
Chlorpyrifos [O,O-diethy! O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)pbhosphorothioate] ..............
Inert Ingredients
Contains 4 pounas of chlorpyrifos per gallon.
Contains xylene range aromatic solvents.
E.P.A. Registration No. 62719-11
E.PA. Est. 464-MI-1
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
WARNING
AVISO:
PRECAUCION AL USUARIO:
Si usted no lee inglés, no use este producto hasta que la
etiqueta le haya sido explicada ampliamente.
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
Hazards to Humans and Domestic Animals
MAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
e ABSORPTION THROUGH SKIN MAY
BE FATAL e CAUSES SUBSTANTIAL
BUT TEMPORARY EYE INJURY
e CAUSES SKIN IRRITATION
Do Not Get In Eyes, On Skin Or Clothing
e Avoid Breathing Vapors And Spray Mist
e Handle Concentrate In A Ventilated Area
e When Handling Concentrate Wear Eye
Protection And Protective Clothing Such As
Long-Sleeved Shirt, Long-Legged Pants,
Rubber Gloves And Footwear, i.e. Neoprene
Or Nitrile Butadiene Rubber, Resistant to
Aromatic Solvents @ Wash Thoroughly With
Soap And Water After Handling And Before
Eating Or Smoking e Remove Contaminated
Clothing And Wash Before Reuse ® Keep
Away From Food, Feedstuffs And Water
Supplies
STATEMENTS OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT:
lf Swallowed: Cail a physician or Poison Control Center
immediately. Do not induce vomiting. Contains an aromatic
petroleum solvent. Do not give anything by mouth to an
unconscious person. If On Skin: Immediately wash with
plenty of soap and water. Get medical attention. If In Eyes:
Flush with plenty of water for 15 minutes. Get medical
attention. If Inhaled: Remove to fresh air if symptoms of
cholinesterase inhibition appear and get medical attention
immediately.
NOTE TO PHYSICIAN: Chlorpyrifos is a cholinesterase
inhibitor. Treat symptomatically. If exposed, plasma and red
blood cell cholinesterase tests may indicate significance of
exposure (baseline data are useful). Atropine, only by
injection, is the preferable antidote. Oximes, such as 2-PAM/
protopam, may be therapeutic if used early; however, use
only in conjunction with atropine. In case of severe acute
poisoning, use antidote immediately after establishing an
open airway and respiration.
Physical or Chemical Hazards
COMBUSTIBLE e Do Not Use or Store Near
Heat or Open Flame. @ Do Not Cut or Weld
Container.
Environmental Hazards
This pesticide is toxic to birds and wildlife, and extremely
toxic to fish and aquatic organisms. Do not apply directly to
water. Drift and runoff from treated areas may be hazardous
to aquatic organisms in adjacent aquatic sites. Cover or
incorporate spills. Do not contaminate water when disposing
of equipment washwaters. This product is highly toxic to bees
exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or
weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to
blooming crops or weeds if bees are visiting the treatment
area.
SSE I a BE SER
Tree and Forest Pests (Nurseries,
Plantations, and Felled Trees)
Use DURSBAN 4E insecticide to treat shade and flowering
trees, plantation trees, transplant trees, and evergreens
found to be infested with pests listed in the following table.
Felled trees, such as elms, should be treated as necessary.
Dilute DURSBAN 4€ with water according to directions given
in the table and apply using suitable hand- or power-operated
spray equipment in a manner to provide complete and
uniform coverage. For best results, apply a coarse spray to
thoroughly wet both upper and lower leaf surfaces and to
infested limb and trunk areas. Attempt to penetrate dense
foliage, but avoid overspraying to the point of excessive
runoff. Attention: For felled trees, treat after cutting; do not
handle until spray has dried or wear suitable protective
clothing. Do not treat bearing fruit and nut trees with
DURSBAN 4€ except as indicated in the Dormant Spray
section. Treat when pests appear and repeat at 7 to 10 day
intervals, if needed.
Consult your State Agricultural Experiment Station or
Extension Service specialist for application timing and other
specific use information.
Amount of DURSBAN 4E in
Water to Make:
1 gallon 3 gallons 100 gallons
Vy2 fl. oz. VW fl. OZ. 8 fl. oz.
Specific Directions
1. For bagworms, treat when insects
are in the crawler stage.
2. For effective control of leafrollers,
spray should be applied before
leaves are tightly rolled.
3. For maple leafcutter on maple trees,
apply spray to larvae as cases are
being formed. Do not treat sugar
maple trees intended for maple
syrup production.
4. For effective control of spider mites,
when large numbers of eggs are
present, apply a second spray after
3 to 5 days in the South or 7 to 10
days in the North after initial
Adelgids (Such as: Cooley and Eastern
spruce gall, Pine bark)
Aphids (Such as: Apple,
Chrysanthemum, Cottonwood, Elm
leaf, Peach, Rose, Spirea, Woolly)
Bagworms(1)
Boxelder bugs
Cankerworms
Catalpa sphinx
Citrus mealybugs
Elm spanworms
Fall webworms
Greenstriped mapleworms
Jackpine budworms
Juniper webworms
Katydids treatment to control newly-hatched
Lace bugs nymphs.
Leafhoppers
Leafrollers(2)
Maple leafcutters(3)
Mites (Such as: Clover, Red spider,
Southern red)(4)
Oak skeletonizers
Poplar tentmakers
Puss caterpillars
Sawflies, exposed (Such as: Pine,
Pin oak)
Spring elm caterpillars
Spruce budworms
Tent caterpillars (Such as: Eastern,
Forest, Western)
Walnut caterpillars
Western spruce budworms
Yellownecked caterpillars
+Numbers in parentheses refer to Specific Directions.
Pestt
Beetles (Fuller rose,
Native elm bark)(1)
Leafhoppers
Mahogany webworms
Mealybugs
Mimosa webworms
Moths (Such as: Browntail, Cypress
tip, Douglas fir tussock, European
pine shoot, Gypsy(2), Holly bud,
Nantucket pine tip, Pandora,
Pitch pine tip, Subtropical
pine tip, Tussock)
Oakworms (Such as: California,
Orangestriped, Redhumped)
Redhumped caterpillars
Thrips (exposed)
Weevils (Such as: Blackvine(3),
Yellow poplar, Pine reproduction)
Beetles (Such as: Cottonwood leaf(1),
Elm leaf, Flea, Willow leaf)
Borers(1): Clearwing moths (Such as:
Ash, Dogwood, Lesser peachtree,
Lilac, Oak, Rhododendron), Metallic
wood (Such as: Bronze birch,
Flatheaded appletree, Twolined
chestnut), Longhorned beetles
(Such as: Locust, Red oak)
Cranberry girdler larvae(2)
Leafminers
Needleminers (Such as: Jeffrey pine,
Lodgepole pine, Spruce)
Scale crawlers (Such as:
Cottonycushion, Cottonymaple,
Euonymus, Fletcher, Florida wax,
Golden oak, Hemispherical, Lecanium,
Magnolia, Oak kermes, Oystershell,
Pine needle, San Jose, Tea,
White birch)
Borers (Such as: Cottonwood,
Peachtree)(1)
Amount of DURSBAN 4E in
Water to Make:
Ve fl. oz.
VY to
Vy fl. oz.
Ys fl. OZ.
|
+Numbers in parentheses refer to Specific Directions.
2 to
VlNOz
1 fl. oz
% fl. oz.
1 pt. le
7h,
3.
1 pt. We
to 1 qt.
il iehe ile
2
Specific Directions
To reduce twig and branch feeding
by bark beetles, applications should
be made in the spring or early
summer.
To kill migrating and invading gypsy
moth larvae, treat trunk and foliage.
Blackvine weevils are night feeders.
Late afternoon spraying will give
control in some areas.
For cottonwood leaf beetles, use
DURSBAN 4€ in water to control
larvae and adults infesting
cottonwoods. Make the treatment
when field counts indicate damaging
beetle populations are developing or
present. For seedlings use 8 to 20
gallons of spray volume per acre.
For borers, apply DURSBAN 4E
to the trunks and lower limbs of trees
and shrubs when the adults begin to
emerge. Consult your local State
Agricultural Experimental Station or
Extension Service specialist for
proper time to treat. Apply uniformly
as a coarse low-pressure spray.
. For cranberry girdler larvae,
infesting Douglas fir seedlings apply
1 quart of DURSBAN 4E per acre.
Direct spray at the lower crown and
stems using 50 gallons of water per
acre. Irrigate immediately after
application for soil penetration of
1-2 inches. Treat after egg laying
during the summer.
For peach tree borers, apply
DURSBAN 4E in water to flowering
trees and shrubs of the genus
Prunus as a trunk spray before
newly-hatched larvae enter the trees.
Apply as a coarse low-pressure
spray. Thoroughly wet all bark areas
from ground level to scaffold limbs.
Amount of DURSBAN 4E In
Water to Make:
Pestt
Beetles(1) (Such as: Cottonwood leaf, 1% fi. 02. 1. For preventive treatment, apply the
Elm leaf, Flea, Fuller rose, spray to the main trunk of trees
Native elm bark(2), Willow leaf) in the early spring or when threat
of attack exists from nearby infested
trees. For remedial treatment,
apply the spray to the main trunk of
infested trees or logs when damage
occurs but before adult beetles
begin to emerge. For plantation
trees, apply to individual trees using
suitable hand- or power-operated
spray equipment.
2. To prevent native elm bark beetles
from overwintering in uninfested
trees, apply DURSBAN 4€ in water
to the bottom 9 feet of the trunk.
Wet the trunk thoroughly but do not
spray to runoff. Care should be taken
to apply the spray right to the base
of the root flare. Application can be
made with either a backpack
mistblower or a hydraulic pressure
; sprayer from spring through to early
fall. To reduce the twig and branch
feeding on uninfested trees deemed
to be of high value, apply a water
spray to the tree crown. Application
should be made in the spring or early
summer using a sprayer that will give
thorough coverage to the tree crown.
Beetles (Such as: Ambrosia, 27a tlnoz. 8 fl. oz. 2 gal. 1. For preventive treatment, apply the
Anobiidae, Black turpentine, Blister, spray to the main trunk of trees in
European elm bark, Japanese, June, the early spring or when threat of
Southern pine, Spruce)(1) attack exists from nearby infested
Carpenter ants trees. For remedial treatment,
Termites apply the spray to the main trunk of
infested trees or logs when damage
occurs or before adult beetles begin
to emerge. For plantation trees,
apply to individual trees using
suitable hand- or power-operated
spray equipment.
Weevils (Such as: Northern pine, Syst OZs 4 gal. 1. For Southern pine seedlings, treat
Pales, Pitch-eating, Twig)(1) immediately after transplanting. Treat
each seedling with enough spray to
thoroughly wet the foliage and stems
to the point of runoff but do not use
more than 6 gallons of spray dilution
per acre.
+Numbers in parentheses refer to Specific Directions.
Specific Directions
-. RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE .
Due to toxicity to aquatic invertebrate animals... - - ageacee sakes
iS For retail sale to and use only by Certified Applicators, or ~~"
(Piles under their direct supervision, and only for those uses covered aoe the i
Certified applicator’ certification. ; CoG naa enelare
DIMILIN' 4L
Ric |
UNIROYAL
COMPOSITION y
Sete Ingredient: (% by weight) be
N-{[(4-Chlorophenyl)amino]carbonyl]-2,6-difluorobenzamide™ .............:0 ye
NQF IMG GHEY NS te) Miter ete corse te ART TG Macs hss cancenssncnastecensrecan cars Ne Soe aa no.02e1
TRON NEN MN Un ta is ahaha RRO Se Aan GT 100.0%
*Diflubenzuron: U.S. Patent Numbers 3,933,908: 3,989,842: 4.013°717:4,110,469: 4,399,152
and other patents pending. « )7
“Contains 4 Ibs. diflubenzuron. per gallon ©
EPA REG. NO. 37100-54-400 ny 003
EPAESRaNO: va a 7-31-91
Net Contents:
NA
SS
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
N anfeane
Rete INARY STATEMENTS
Gas TO HUMANS
CAUTION
Avoid contamination of feed and =)
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
This pesticide is extremely toxic ; ee): other aquatic invertebrates. Do not apply eae to water or wetlands, (Swamps, bogs,
marshes, and potholes), encgt der the
NS FOR USE
Itisaviolation of Fe RECT use this productina manner inconsistent
with its labeling. =<
DIMILIN 4L may be used to protect trees and shrubs such as in:
Do not apply this a any type of irrigation system.
¢ Forests
¢ Residential, municipal and shade tree areas
¢ Recreational areas such as campgrounds, golf courses, parks,
parkways
DIRECTIONS FOR USE ¢ Ornamental, shade tree and forest nurseries
FORESTS, TREES AND SHRUBS
DIMILIN 4L will control larvae of gypsy moth, forest tent caterpillar, ° Forest plantings
Nantucket pine tip moth and tussock moth in forests, trees and shrubs. ° Shelterbelts
Action of DIMILIN 4L is slow because it disrupts the normal molting * Rights of way and other easements
process of insect larvae. In most instances, several days may be needed
before full effect can be seen. DIMILIN 4L applied at label rates does not
affect bees or other beneficial insects.
a
+
=
—
=
ea
= |
20
preferred, but prior to full
leaf expansion.
Forest Tent 1-4 fl. 02.
Caterpillar preferred, but prior to full
leaf expansion.
Nantucket Pine
Tip Moth
Tussock Moth
pupal cases are empty.
Early instar
1. Uniform coverage of the foliage is essential. The higher volumes are
recommended for mature or very large or dense tree stands or high
population pressures. The higher water volumes in aerial application
should be used when conditions of application are less than ideal and/
or after larvae have reached 3rd instar.
2. Continuous agitation during mixing and application is required to
maintain suspension of DIMILIN 4L. Do not use equipment without
adequate agitation.
3. Gypsy Moth - To provide maximum protection from defoliation and
reduce egg mass deposition treatment can begin at 5 to 20% leaf
expansion provided egg hatch is underway. Because of its slowness.of
action applications later than 3rd instar may result in reduced foliage
protection. Higher rates of DIMILIN 4L should be used if larvae ha\ Rs
reached 3rd or 4th instar. OY, IMPORTANT NOTICE—Seller warrants that this product conforms tots
che 0 a i IN ied
me Zthemical description and is reasonably fit for the purposes stated on the
If it is determined that a single spray of 0.5 to 1.0 fl. oz. of B \ [LIN
per acre does not result in adequate control of gyps ue e, a
second application may be made 7 to 14 days ater
4 Use 5 to 15 gallons per acre if trees are less than3.5 feeMall,Use 15
to 30 gallons per acre for taller trees. Application shouldbe made at peak
emergence which can be determined by fq” ampling;/pheromone
traps, degree days, etc. ( Ne
\
Do not exceed 2 fl. oz. of DIMILIN 4L acre, per season for gypsy moth
or Nantucket pine tip moth. Do notexceéd 4 fhezHer season for forest
tent caterpillar or tussock moth
Incampgrounds or other recreationatat is applications should be made
during periods of minimaf use Notify persons using recreational
facilities or living in the area ta pe sprayed before application of this or
any other pesticide. “\.— \X_
4 \
QUARANTINE PROGRAMS {Gypsy Moth)
For use in Quarantine Programs conducted by State Cooperators as well
as USDA personnel of bothPlant Protection and Quarantine, APHIS and
the U.S. Forest Service. For use in eradication of isolated infestations
make two applications of 0.5 to 1 fluid ounces of DIMILIN 4L per acre
7-14 days apart. For use in quarantine programs involving the
movement of nursery stock from infested to non-infested areas, make
two applications of 0.5 to 1 fluid ounces of DIMILIN 4L per acre 7-14 days
apart on nursery stock.
Rate Spray Volume Per Acre-Gallons'?
DIMILIN 4L Aerial Ground | |
Insect Per Acre Air Blast Hydraulic
Gypsy Moth? 0.5-2 fl.oz. | Early instar (1st, 2nd, or 3rd) O.Smieeo oereu
Early instar (1st, 2nd, or 3rd)
Early instar or when 75% of
100 - 400
1.0- 2.0 pra ~
aa ZO
Meas
le ae
STORAGEAND DISPOSAL
Do not contaminate water, fosd or feed by storage or disposal.
STORAG E—Storatraay tation
PESTICIDE DISPOSAL—Wastes resulting from the use of this
product may be disposed of on site or at an approved waste disposal
facility. \. wee
CONTAINER DISPOSAL—Triple rinse or equivalent. Then offer for
Fecycling or reconditioning, or puncture and dispose of inasanitary
fandfill, or incineration, or if allowed by State and local authorities,
ning. If burned, stay out of smoke.
\
x _
label when used in accordance with the directions and instructions
specified on the label under normal conditions of use, but neither this
warranty nor any other warranty of merchantability or fitness for a
particular purpose, express or implied, extends to the use of this
product, contrary to label instructions, or under abnormal conditions,
or under conditions not reasonably foreseeable to seller, and buyer
assumes the risk of any such use.
DIMILIN® is a Registered Trademark of Solvay Duphar B.V., Weesp,
the Netherlands
Distributed by:
Uniroyal Chemical Company, Inc., Middlebury, Connecticut 06749
- RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE ©
= Due to toxicity to aquatic invertebrate animals. ==
; SESS Foi retail sale to and use only RY Certified Applicators, or.
ieee persons. under their celle Supervision, an
“eR ea ee a gh Certified applicator’ S Certification: .
Sy Re ae
only for nose uses S.covered yi the a
DIMILIN’ 25W
INSECT GROWTH REGULATOR
an
UNIROYAL
CHEMICAL
Pood
COMPOSITION
Active Ingredient: (% by weight)
N-{[(4-Chlorophenyl)amino]carbony!]-2,6-difluorobenzamid
Inert Ingredients:
EPA REG. NO. 37100-8-400
EPA EST. NO.
4,399,152 and other ates ban
7
i
Nef
<
ae
TRL Lge od raeh ted lett 75.0%
010
~ 10-31-91
tents:
H OF CHILDREN
\GAUTION
“AU IONARY STATEMENTS
HAZARDS TO HUMANS
CAUTION
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
This pesticide is extremely
we, and other aquatic invertebrates. Do not apply directly to water or wetlands, (Swamps,
bogs, marshes, and pothofes} except) Ii der the forest canopy when used to control forest pests. Drift or runoff from treated areas
S Orda
may be hazardous to ag@
S FOR USE
a
Vai
Itis a violation of Fede ethis productinamannerinconsistent
with its labeling.
Do not apply this pro rough any type of irrigation system.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
FORESTS, TREES AND SHRUBS
DIMILIN 25W will control larvae of gypsy moth, forest tent caterpillar,
Nantucket pine tip moth and tussock moth in forests trees and shrubs.
Action of DIMILIN 25W is slow because it disrupts the normal molting
process of insect larvae. In most instances, several days may be needed
before full effect can be seen. DIMILIN 25W applied at label rates does
not affect bees or other beneficial insects.
DIMILIN 25W may be used to protect trees and shrubs such as in:
| , :
- ae xX ry
agtratia anish ks in neighboring areas. Do not contaminate water when Agile tle of equipment washwaters..
¢ Forests
¢ Residential, municipal and shade tree areas
¢ Recreational areas such as campgrounds, golf courses, parks,
parkways
¢ Ornamental, shade tree, and forest nurseries
° Forest plantings
¢ Shelterbelts
¢ Rights of way and other easements
21
in
22
Rate
DIMILIN 25W
Per Acre
Early instar (1st, 2nd, or 3rd)
preferred, but prior to full
leaf expansion.
Early instar (1st, 2nd, or 3rd)
preferred, but prior to full
leaf expansion.
Gypsy Moth’
Forest Tent
Caterpillar
Nantucket Pine 4 02. Early instar or when 75% of
Tip Moth pupal cases are empty.
Tussock Moth Early instar
1. Uniform coverage of the foliage is essential. The higher volumes are
recommended for mature or very large or dense tree stands or high
population pressures. The higher water volumes in aerial application
should be used when conditions of application are less than ideal and/
or after larvae have reached 3rd instar.
2. Continuous agitation during mixing and application is required to
maintain suspension of DIMILIN 25W. Do not use equipment without
adequate agitation.
3. Gypsy Moth - To provide maximum protection from defoliation and
reduce egg mass deposition treatment can begin at 5 to 20% leaf
expansion provided egg hatch is underway. Because of its slowness of
action applications later than 3rd instar may result in reduced foliage
Spray Volume Per Acre-Gallons'?
Air Blast Hydraulic
100 - 400
100 - 400
NYY 100-400, |
of the second tip moth
Dreferably at the BH ot egg t
generation. We
Aerial Application: Appiythe’ ecdmmended amount in 2.0 to 5.0
gallons of water per acre FORO coverage.
Ground Applicati ly recommended amountin sufficient water for
uniform, full coverage flee (5 to 400 gallons per acre, depending
on spray Sa ee
< MUSHROOMS
DIMILt Koaw will control larvae of sciarid flies in mushroom growing
facilities. DI inthe mushroom growing media will prevent the
development ofthe larval stages of the sciarids. This effectively stops
repreduction in the growing medium and prevents damage to the
} ig
Y
protection. Higher rates of DIMILIN 25W should be used if larvae have Mushrooms. Because of its unique type of activity do not expect
reached 3rd or 4th instar.
If it is determined that a single spray of 1 to 2 ounces of DIMILIN-2SY
immediate’
reductions in adult fly populations. DIMILIN 25W does not
directly affect adults but kills the larvae in the growing medium.
per acre does not result in adequate control of gypsy moth laryvacya. ‘Compost treatment: Apply 2.4 to 4 pounds of DIMILIN 25W per 1000
second application may be made seven to fourteen days later. Dow
exceed 4 oz. DIMILIN 25W per acre per season for gyas moths
Nantucket pine tip moth. Do not exceed 8 oz. DIMILIN aod
\
season for control of forest tent caterpillar or tusso
4. Use 5 to 15 gallons per acre if trees are less th BY, fe all~Yse 15
to 30 gallons per acre for taller trees. Application‘ be ese at peak
emergence which can be determined by ampting, pheromone
traps, degree days, etc. ye
In campground or other recreational aeas, plicatio) should be made
during period of minimal use. Notify petso iliti
or living in the area to be sprayed application of this or any other
pesticide.
QUARANTINE PROGRAMS(Gypsy Mot
For use in Quarantine programs gonducted by State Cooperators as well
as USDA personnel of f both Plar Protection and Quarantine, APHIS and
the U.S. Forest Se r useintradication of isolated infestations
make two applications ¢ [+e-2 ovinces of DIMILIN 25W per acre 7-14
days apart. For use in-quarantine programs involving the movement of
nursery stock from intested to non-infested areas, make two
applications of 1 to 2 ouncés of DIMILIN 25W per acre 7-14 days apart
on nursery stock.
ORNAMENTALS
BEET ARMYWORM: For control of beet armyworm on field or
greenhouse grown chrysanthemums apply 0.5 to 1 pound of DIMILIN
20W per acre ina dilute spray notto exceed 200 gallons of water per acre.
Begin applications when larvae appear and repeat at weekly intervals as
required. The insect dies during molting following contact and full effect
will not be seen for 3 to 5 days following application. The user should
initially treat only asmall portion of his crop to confirm plant safety under
his growing conditions.
CHRISTMAS TREES AND PINE TREE NURSERIES
NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH: DIMILIN 25W controls Nantucket pine tip
moth in Christmas tree plantations and pine tree nurseries. Apply 4
ounces DIMILIN 25W per acre in the early larval stages of development,
Square feet to the compost at spawning time by thorough incorporation
r_/Such as with a spawning machine. This is equivalent to 30 to 50 ppm
active ingredient assuming acompost wet weight of 40 pounds per cubic
foot.
Casing treatment: Apply 13.5 ounces of DIMILIN 25W per 1000 square
feet at the time of casing by thorough incorporation into the casing or
in sufficient water to obtain a thorough drench. Thisis equivalentto arate
of 30 ppm active ingredient assuming a casing weight of 6700 pounds
ye 1000 eg? feet.
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
Do not contaminate water, food or feed by storage age or disposal.
STORAGE—Store in a dry location.
PESTICIDE DISPOSAL—Wastes resulting from the use of this
product may be disposed of on site or at an approved waste disposal
facility.
CONTAINER DISPOSAL—Completely empty bag into application
equipment Then disposed of empty bag in a sanitary landfill or by
incineration, or if allowed by State and local authorities, by burning
lf burned, stay out of smoke.
IMPORTANT NOTICE—Seller warrants that this product conforms to its
chemical description and is reasonably fit for the purposes stated on the
label when used in accordance with the directions and instructions
specified on the label under normal conditions of use, but neither this
warranty nor any other warranty of merchantability or fitness for a
particular purpose, express or implied, extends to the use of this
product, contrary to label instructions, or under abnormal conditions,
or under conditions not reasonably foreseeable to seller, and buyer
assumes the risk of any such use.
DIMILIN® is a Registered Trademark of Solvay Duphar B.V., Weesp,
the Netherlands
Distributed By: Uniroyal Chemical Company, Inc., Middlebury, CT
06749
fre |
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DIRECTIONS FOR USE
GENERAL CLASSIFICATION
It is 2 violation of Federal !aw to use this product in a manner
inconsistent with its labeling.
For population reduction of the Douglas fir tussock moth, apply by
aur al the rate of ‘4 ounce (14.2 grams) TMI Biocontrol-| in | to 2
gallons firushed spray per acre. Suckers and u.v. protectants may
enhance performance af this product. Refer to technical buWetin for
mixing and appbaation insurwetions. Spray tank mixture pH shauld
be 6.0 to 7.2 NEWER USE CHLORINATED WATER IN THE
SPRAY FORMULATION.
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
CAUTION
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Avoid applicavon to lakes. streams. or ponds. Do not contaminate
water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of wastes.
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
Acuvity may be impaired by storage above 80°F.
Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.
Open dumping is prohibited. Do not reuse empty container.
Pesticide, spray muxture, or rinsate that cannot be used should be
disposed of in a tand!ill approved for pesucides or buried in a safe
place away from ware.
Container dsoosa: Triple rinse and dispose of in an approved
landfU er bury in a safe place.
Consult Federal, Stare. of local disposal authonues for approved
alternauve procedures.
1139 USDA-FS-FPM ig1004/004
™ BIOCONTROL-1
BIOLOGICAL INSECTICIDE
FOR THE
DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH
|
Acuve Ingredient:* |
Polyhedra] inclusion bodies of Douglas-iir
qussock moth nucleopolyhedrosis wrus) . 1.2... 25%
inert Ingrediens:)) 5... atu eee etek ss eee =: ROT Rune ot eed
TOTAL bh we aes, ODay d. ep Re aR Ee ran Re ieee eis 1.0%:
*Contains at least 70 million activuy units per gram.
KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN
CAUTION
See back of tag for additional] precautionary statements.
For use by or under the supervision of che U.S, Forest Service,
NOTICE: The U.S. Forest Service makes no warranty, express or
implied including the warranties or merchantability
and/or fitness for any particular purpose. concerning
us matemal except those which are contained on tne
U_S. Forest Service’s label.
MFG. BY: U.S. Fores: Service. USDA
}4th and Independence Avenus
Washington, D.C. 20250
EPA REG. NO. 2753-1
NET WEIGHT:
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202 20551139 USDA-FS-FPM if1003/004
TECHIICAL BULLETI!
GYPCHEK BIOLOGICAL }tISECTICIDE
Gypchek Biological Insecticide consists of polyhedra of the gypsy .
moth nucleopolyhedrosis virus. Care must be taken in the mixing and
application of this product. Stickers and u.v. protectants may enhance
performance of this product. Apply in sufficient spray mixture for
thorough and uniform coverage. ;
. Tank Mixture
Gypchek Amount to result in 2.5
to 12.8 million gypsy moth
potency units per acre.
Molasses 0.25 gallon
Chevron Sticker Seal OZ
Shade® | 1.0 1b.
Water 0.72 gallon
IMPORTANT: Check pH of water from field source. If pH exceeds 7.5
or 1s below 5.5, add sufficient acid or base to adjust py to
approximately 7. WHEVER USE CHLORINATED WATER IN THE SPRAY FORMULATION.
Mixing sequence for conventional mixing equipment.
1. Fill tank with water and start agitation.
2. Add acid or base if necessary to adjust pH.
3. Add sunscreen (Shade") by slowly pouring onto the surface
of mixture under agitation. Avgic large Jumps of powder.
4. Add molasses by slowly pouring into water and mix thoroughly.
= Add sticker.
6. Add GYPCHEK. fixing time can be reduced by premixing Gypchek
with a smal] amount of water in a blender before adding to
tank mix. Final formulation should be mixed for 10-30
minutes.
Note: Read label thoroughly before using. Foltow all label cautions
and directions.
)
C—O —o— oo OelUr lr. Oe. eS. UL ee ee ee
Appendix E
Technology Development
Needs Letter to WO
United States Forest Washington 2121 C Second Street
Department of Service Office Davis, CA 95616
Agriculture PHI C916). 55. lan
FAX (916) 757-8383
Reply To: 3400 Date: August 26, 1993
Subject: Recommendations -
Western Defoliators
To: Nancy Lorimer
The National Steering Committee for Management of Western Defoliators met at
West Sacramento, CA on August 24-25. The purpose of the meeting was to ,
identify Technology Development Program needs and to continue development of
the pCrategic and. Tactical.Ylan for Managing Western Defoliators. This was a
highly productive meeting with active participation by each attendee.
The Committee identified 19 needs and prioritized the list through member
voting. Those with the highest priority are listed below along with the number
of votes each received.
Study natural roles and effects of major western defoliators and their
natural enemies on resources. (6 votes)
Pursue DFTM pheromone registration for mating disruption. This need
includes all activities necessary to obtain registration. (5 votes)
Identify data needs that prevent ecosystem management of WSBW. (5
votes)
Enhance and adapt WSBW and DFTM population dynamics model for use in
the Forest Planning Process. (5 votes)
Evaluate TM Biocontrol-1l potency on wild populations collected from
different geographical areas. (4 votes)
Explore silvicultural options for prevention of unacceptable effects
caused by defoliators. (4 votes)
Develop DFIM pheromone application technology for formulations and
delivery. (4 votes)
Evaluate impact of Bt on non-target species, conduct field inventories
and develop methodologies. (3 votes)
Evaluate Entotech carrier for TM Biocontrol-1l. (3 votes)
Conduct field tests of DFTM pheromone to evaluate treatment timing in
an outbreak cycle. (2 votes)
Develop and evaluate a tree hazard rating system for WSBW and DFIM. (2
votes)
Examine long-range forecasting of pest populations using pheromone
technology and other methods. (2 votes)
Evaluate effects and impact of a selected WSBW outbreak using a
current outbreak by collecting, analyzing, and reporting data. (2
votes)
A few qualifying comments are appropriate concerning this list and the tactical
plan. The needs, viewed out of context from both a strategic and tactical
perspective, might-be argued-to a-wish list, -Ihis issnet the cases Atter, Che
needs were identified, initially to satisfy the technology development call
letter schedule, the needs were rewritten by the Committee as Goal or Action
items and plugged into the strategic plan developed by John Wenz and his
sub-committee. In doing so we expanded the Strategic Plan for the Management
of Western Defoliators into a combined strategic and tactical plan. This
approach was the unanimous suggestion of the committee and in the committee
activity that followed we made impressive progress in developing the Plan. We
plan to submit the draft plan to you in September. Meanwhile we encourage your
WO/FPM Review Committee to consider funding proposals that may be submitted by
the Regions and Area within the scope of the 12 needs listed in this letter.
/s/ John W. Barry
JOHN W. BARRY
Chairperson
cc: Committee Members
Jesus Cota
| init | data § = i | diciaiae
Appendix F
1995 Farm Bill Issues -
Letter to WO
United States Forest Washington 2121 G Second Street
Department of Service Office Davis, CA 95616
Agriculture PHO Gs Lage 9 LL)
FAX (916) 757-8383
Reply To: 3400 Date: August 27, 1993
Subject: 1995 Farm Bill
To: Mel Weiss
Acting Director, FPM
Mel, at the 1993 meeting of the National Steering Committee for Managing
Western Defoliators we discussed three issues that the committee suggested I
bring to your attention. These relate to Forest Pest Management's emerging
role in ecosystem management. The issues are:
Le Biological Control of Vegetation. The committee expressed concern
that use of insects to control vegetation was not within FPM's
mission. The committee feels that biological control of vegetation is
an important ecosystem function and one appropriately suited for FPM
coordination and action. The same concern was expressed by the
National Steering Committee for Managing Seed, Cone, and Regeneration
Insects. It is recommended that the 1995 Farm Bill include wording
that permits FPM involvement in biological control of vegetation.
fae Funding for Prevention. The committee expressed concern that FPM is
not funded for prevention which is in contrast to FPM's role in forest
health and ecosystem management. It is recommended that the 1995 Farm
Bill include work that allows use of FPM funds for prevention.
he Ecological Approach to Forest Health. Ecological and ecosystem
approachs will be the driving forces toward improving the health of
the nation's forest. The Committee recommends that the 1995 Farm Bill
be strengthen to further emphasize the word ecological along with
ecosystem approaches to forest health.
/s/ John W. Barry
JOHN W. BARRY
Chairperson
cc: Committee Members
Jesus Cota
Dave Johnson
Appendix G
Strategic / [actieal
Planning Documents
Bette States Forest Stanislaus National Forest
Department of Service 19777 Greenley Road
Agriculture Sonora, CA 95370-5909
inca To: 3400 Date: 31 August 1993
| Subject: Western Defoliator Strategic/Tactical Plan
| To: John W. Barry
Chairperson, Western Defoliator Steering Committee
aan on behalf of the sub-committee charged with developing a "western
defoliator strategic management plan" (WO, 2150 memo, 11 March 1992), is the
a version of the Strategic/Tactical Plan for the Management of Western
Defoliators. Committee members included Bruce Hostetler, Nancy Campbell,
Katharine Sheehan, Beth Willhite and John Wenz. The Plan reflects changes
developed at the sub-committee meeting held in Portland, OR, on June, 10-11,
Bs93, written input from FPM in R1, R3, R4, R5 and R6, and comments received
during the full steering committee on August 24-25, 1993 in Davis, CA.
/s/ John M. Wenz
JOHN M. WENZ
Sub-committee Chairperson
P N.Campbell, FPM-R1
B.Hostetler, FPM-R6
1K.Sheehan, FPM-R6
B.Willhite, FPM-R6
}
|
NATIONAL STEERING COMMITTEE FOR WESTERN DEFOLIATORS
Combined Strategic/Tactical Plan for the
Management of Western Defoliators
LoS
Background: The current emphasis on Ecosystem Management and Forest Health has
surfaced the need to re-evaluate traditional approaches and strategies for
managing defoliators. Management emphasis is changing from attaining
predetermined resource targets to watershed protection/ restoration and the
health of sustainable forest ecosystems. Increasingly entomologists and plant
pathologists are being asked for information on the roles, functions and
interrelationships of insects, including defoliators, and pathogens in, and
their effects on, western forest ecosystems. Such questions/issues are part of
attempts to define forest health and the "range of natural variability" for
given ecosystems and how they are affected by defoliator activity. The
following strategic plan outline is intended to help focus FPM activities along
these lines.
It is recognized that considerable information already exists, and work is
currently in progress, that addresses components of the elements outlined in
the plan. One approach toward implementing the plan would be to designate
small, functional, working groups to initiate consolidation, evaluation and
summarization of existing information and work currently in progress for
specific western defoliators (e.g., western budworms, Douglas-fir tussock moth,
pandora moth). The groups could then develop defoliator specific plans, with
as much detail as needed, that identify additional data gaps and information
needs within the context of the current emphasis on ecosystem management, and
the actions and support needed to obtain the data and/or information. This
west-wide approach would help minimize duplication of effort and facilitate the
efficient use of funding.
Assumptions: This Strategic Plan was developed with the following assumptions:
(1) The primary objective of the Strategic Plan is to provide guidance in
identifying and prioritizing needs for understanding and managing
defoliators of western hardwood and coniferous forest ecosystems. The
Strategic Plan is intended to provide a framework for: (1) identifying
critical issues and information needs relative to understanding the
functions and interactions of western defoliators in forest ecosystems; (2)
integrating traditional defoliator management strategies and methodologies
with current emphases on forest health and ecosystem management; and (3)
developing a tactical plan that prioritizes short-term (5 year) defoliator
management technology development needs.
(2) The basic objective of western defoliator management is to determine,
evaluate and maintain defoliator ecosystem/resource effects at acceptable
levels within the context of defined management goals and objectives, the
ni 6h6=—l hl
"range of natural variability", and the health ("desired condition") of the
ecosystem.
(3) The following basic information is needed for effective defoliator
management:
(a)
Identification, understanding and prediction of defoliator
effects on diverse resource management goals and objectives,
forest health, and ecosystem structure, processes and functions.
(b) When and where unacceptable defoliator ecosystem/resource effects
are going to occur.
(c) Strategies, technologies and methodologies needed to implement
effective management of western defoliators.
Elements: The following elements and goal statements are intended to focus on
these basic issues and help facilitate identification of information and
technology needs.
Element 1.
Functions/Interactions of Defoliators in Western Forest Ecosystem
Dynamics.
A) Identification and Measurement of Effects. The capability
exists to quantitatively measure defoliator effects on forest
vegetation. For example, effects can be described/measured in
terms of host mortality, top-kill, loss of foliage, growth loss,
and changes in stocking levels, species composition, age and
stand structure.
1) Evaluate the effects of western budworm (WBW) larval
feeding and defoliation on Douglas-fir cone crops.
2) Analyse and summarize existing permanent plot data to
evaluate effects of a current WBW outbreak.
3) Continue monitoring/re-measuring permanent plots for
effects of defoliation on mortality, top-kill ansd growth.
4) Identify potentially important hardwood defoliators.
B) Assessment of Effects (Resource Impact Analysis). The
capability exists to assess the impact, meaning, or significance
of the defoliator effects (as defined in 1-A, above) on resource
management goals and objectives, ecosystem structure and
function, ecosustem sustainability, and the health (desired
condition) of the ecosystem. This includes determining how
ecological conditions and management activities affect defoliator
population dynamics and the consequent effects of defoliators on
ecosystems.
Element 2.
1) Determine the impacts of WBW and Douglas-fir tussock
moth (DFTM) effects on resources and ecosystem structure and
function,
2) Determine the history of defoliator outbreaks to help
define the "range of natural variability".
C) Assessment of Treatment Effects. The capability exists to
assess (as described in 1-B, above), the effects of "treatments"
(i.e., no action, direct suppression, prevention [including
silviculture], etc.) implemented to manage defoliators. This
assessment includes evaluation of treatment effects on the
defoliator, the resulting effects on resources and ecosystems (as
defined in 1-B, above), as well as non-target organisms.
1) Evaluate the impacts of microbials on non-target
lepidoptera and other organisms as appropriate including the
initiation of baseline inventory surveys.
2) Evaluate the impacts of population suppression
methodologies on threatened, endangered, ans sensitive
species,
3) Evaluate the efficacy of silvicultural treatments
designed to prevent/reduce unacceptable effects of
defoliation on vegetation, resources and ecosystems.
D) Prediction of Effects. The capability exists to predict
defoliator ecosystem effects with and without treatment.
1) Validate and calibrate the WBW damage model.
2) Evaluate the capabilitiesd and limitations of the
WBW/DFIM population dynamics models.
3) Develop procedures for using the WBW/DFTM population
dynamics models in the forest planning process.
E) Hazard/Risk Rating. Effective hazard/risk rating systems
exist for use in predictive ecosystem effects modelling and
focusing detection and prevention efforts.
1) Compare existing, evaluate, and improve risk and hazard
rating systems for WBW/DFIM over different geographical
areas.
Population Evaluation
nt HTeeehCmmmlTmThlhlrrmEDhlUrhrrell Url lrrllClCl rl rl rll el rrllC UC
.
Element 3.
A) Survey/Detection. Effective survey and detection systems
exist to predict when and where populations will reach levels
that might cause unacceptable ecosystem effects.
1) Evaluate the DFTM early warning pheromone system to
improve predictability and efficiency of the system.
2) Examine capabilities for long range forcasting of DFITM
populations using historical pheromone trapping data (MAG
data base and other sources).
‘B) Population Dynamics. An adequate understanding of defoliator
population dynamics, including the relationship between
populations levels and resource/ecosystem effects, exists.
1) Evaluate the role of natural enemies in the population
dynamics of WBW/DFTM.
2) Continue to evaluate the potential of using WBW
pheromone trap catches to predict subsequent defoliation.
C) Population Assessment. Effective population sampling/
monitoring methodologies exist.
1) Evaluate the need to continue the monitoring of existing
population plots established by PNW (Wickman, Mason).
2) Develop a sampling system for hemlock looper.
Management. Biologically effective, environmentally sensitive,
economically defensible, defoliator management (prevention/
suppression) strategies are available to maintain defoliator
resource/ecosystem effects at acceptable levels.
A) Habitat Management. Effective silvicultural techniques/
approaches are available to reduce unacceptable defoliator
effects. Defoliator effects are considered in the development
and implementation of silvicultural prescriptions.
1) Explore silvicultural options for preventing/reducing
unacceptable defoliator effects.
B) Population Management. Effective strategies/ techniques/
methodologies, including semiochemicals, microbials, growth
regulators, biological controls and chemical insecticides are
available to manage defoliator populations.
1) Determine the potency of TM BioControl-1 on wild
populations of the DFIM from different geographical areas
including a) lab bioassays and b) field tests.
2) Pursue and obtain registration of the DFTM pheromone for
mating disruption.
Element 4.
3) Improve DFTM pheromone application and delivery
technology and formulation for mating disruption.
4) Conduct field tests of DFIM pheromone for mating
disruption to determine optimal time of treatment
(population level) within an outbreak cycle.
5) Evaluate the potential for using natural enemies for
population management off DFTM/WBW.
6) Field test Entotech virus carrier for TM BioControl-1
for rain fastness, persistence, and viability.
7) Evaluate the potential of Entomophaga (fungus) LOL
suppression of DFTM under western conditions.
Technology Transfer. Timely transfer of information to, and
coordination with, cooperators (NFS, Research, States, community
interes: Sroups > is occurring.
1) Develop procedures to assist in the decision-making,
planning, and implementation of suppression pro jects.
(em United States Forest Washington 2121 C Second Street
hap; Department of Service Office Davis... CA. 956156
S2e"/ Agriculture PH COLO} Goa iiet 715
FAX (916) 757-8383
Reply To: 3400 Date: 9 September 1993
Subject: Action Items - National Steering Committee
for Management of Western Defoliators
To: Committee Members
At our August 24-25 meeting at West Sacramento, CA we originated a list of 28
"Action Items". These Action Items have been incorporated into the appropriate
Elements of the Combined Strategic/Tactical Plan for the Management of Western
Defoliators (see enclosure).
Time constraints at the meeting did not allow for a complete, in-depth
discussion of the Items under each Goal nor the development of rationale
statements for each Item. As one aspect of implementing the Committee's
Strategic/Tactical Plan and to expand upon the Committee's FY94 recommendations
and work priorities, it would be very useful to review the Action Items and
develop a brief rationale statement for each one. This would help clarify the
specific intent and realtionship of the Action to the Goal.
To accomplish this, I have tentatively assigned a member of the Committee to
each Action Item (see enclosure) to review the Item as currently stated and
come up with a rationale statement. Suggestions from other committee members
are invited. John Wenz has volunteered to coordinate the responses and to see
that they are consolidated and distributed for review by the entire Committee.
I ask that you send your input to John (DG:RO5F16A) by October 17, 1993.
Please contact John or me if you have any questions.
/s/ John W. Barry
JOHN W. BARRY
Chairperson
Enclosure
oRET SERV,
Caring for the Land and Serving People
Snniinee FS-6200-28b(4/88)
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NATIONAL STEERING COMMITTEE FOR WESTERN DEFOLIATORS
Combined Strategic/Tactical Plan for the
Management of Western Defoliators
September 8, 1993
Background: The current emphasis on Ecosystem Management and Forest Health has
surfaced the need to re-evaluate traditional approaches and strategies for
managing defoliators. Management emphasis is changing from attaining
predetermined resource targets to watershed protection/ restoration and the
health of sustainable forest ecosystems. Increasingly entomologists and plant
pathologists are being asked for information on the roles, functions and
interrelationships of insects, including defoliators, and pathogens in, and
their effects on, western forest ecosystems. Such questions/issues are part of
attempts to define forest health and the "range of natural variability" for
given ecosystems and how they are affected by defoliator activity. The
following strategic plan outline is intended to help focus FPM activities along
these lines.
It is recognized that considerable information already exists, and work is
currently in progress, that addresses components of the elements outlined in
the plan. One approach toward implementing the plan would be to designate
small, functional, working groups to initiate consolidation, evaluation and
summarization of existing information and work currently in progress for
specific western defoliators (e.g., western budworms, Douglas-fir tussock moth,
pandora moth). The groups could then develop defoliator specific plans, with
as much detail as needed, that identify additional data gaps and information
needs within the context of the current emphasis on ecosystem management, and
the actions and support needed to obtain the data and/or information. This
west-wide approach would help minimize duplication of effort and facilitate the
efficient use of funding.
Assumptions: This Strategic Plan was developed with the following assumptions:
(1) The primary objective of the Strategic Plan is to provide guidance in
identifying and prioritizing needs for understanding and managing
defoliators of western coniferous and hardwood forest ecosystems. The
Strategic Plan is intended to provide a framework for: (1) identifying
critical issues and information needs relative to understanding the
functions and interactions of western defoliators in forest ecosystems; (2)
integrating traditional defoliator management strategies and methodologies
with current emphases on forest health and ecosystem management; and (3)
developing a tactical plan that prioritizes short-term (5 year) defoliator
management technology development needs.
(2) The basic objective of western defoliator management is to determine,
evaluate and maintain defoliator ecosystem/resource effects at acceptable
levels within the context of defined management goals and objectives, the
Tl hl hl rl Ll Ll LOC Ll rl LLC Tl LUC UC
"range of natural variability", and the health ("desired condition") of the
ecosystem.
(3) The following basic information is needed for effective defoliator
management:
(a)
(b)
(c)
Identification, understanding and prediction of defoliator
effects on diverse resource management goals and objectives,
forest health, and ecosystem structure, processes and functions.
When and where unacceptable defoliator ecosystem/resource effects
are going to occur.
Strategies, technologies and methodologies needed to implement
effective management of western defoliators.
Elements: The following elements and goal statements are intended to focus on
these basic issues and help facilitate identification of information and
technology needs.
Element 1.
Functions/Interactions of Defoliators in Western Forest Ecosystem
Dynamics.
A) Identification and Measurement of Effects. The capability
exists to quantitatively measure defoliator effects on forest
vegetation. For example, effects can be described/measured in
terms of host mortality, top-kill, loss of foliage, growth loss,
and changes in stocking levels, species composition, age and
Standestructune .
1) Evaluate the effects of western budworm (WBW) larval
feeding and defoliation on Douglas-fir cone crops.
(Campbell)
2) Analyse and summarize existing permanent plot data to
evaluate effects of a current WBW outbreak.
(Hostetler)
3) Continue monitoring/re-measuring permanent plots for
effects of defoliation on mortality, top-kill and growth.
(Hostetler)
4) Identify potentially important hardwood defoliators.
(Wenz)
B) Assessment of Effects (Resource Impact Analysis). The
capability exists to assess the impact, meaning, or significance
of the defoliator effects (as defined in 1-A, above) on resource
management goals and objectives, ecosystem structure and
function, ecosystem sustainability, and the health (desired
condition) of the ecosystem. This includes determining how
ecological conditions and management activities affect defoliator
population dynamics and the consequent effects of defoliators on
ecosystems.
1) Determine the impacts of WBW and Douglas-fir tussock
moth (DFTM) effects on resources and ecosystem structure and
function. (Weatherby)
2) Determine the history of defoliator outbreaks to help
define the "range of natural variability".
(Campbell)
C) Assessment of Treatment Effects. The capability exists to
assess (as described in 1-B, above), the effects of "treatments"
(i.e., no action, direct suppression, prevention [including
silviculture], etc.) implemented to manage defoliators. This
assessment includes evaluation of treatment effects on the
defoliator, the resulting effects on resources and ecosystems (as
defined in 1-B, above), as well as non-target organisms.
1) Evaluate the impacts of microbials on non-target
lepidoptera and other organisms as appropriate including the
initiation of baseline inventory surveys. (Bennett)
2) Evaluate the impacts of population suppression
methodologies on threatened, endangered, and sensitive
species. (Bennett)
3) Evaluate the efficacy of silvicultural treatments
designed to prevent/reduce unacceptable effects of
defoliation on vegetation, resources and ecosystems.
(Weatherby)
D) Prediction of Effects. The capability exists to predict
defoliator ecosystem effects with and without treatment.
1) Validate and calibrate the WBW damage model.
(Hostetler)
2) Evaluate the capabilities and limitations of the
WBW/DFTM population dynamics models.
(Hostetler)
3) Develop procedures for using the WBW/DFIM population
dynamics models in the forest planning process.
(Hostetler)
E) Hazard/Risk Rating. Effective hazard/risk rating systems
exist for use in predictive ecosystem effects modelling and
focusing detection and prevention efforts.
— ey
Element 2.
Element 3.
1) Compare existing, evaluate, and improve risk and hazard
rating systems for WBW/DFTM over different geographical
areas. (Livingston)
Population Evaluation
A) Survey/Detection. Effective survey and detection systems
exist to predict when and where populations will reach levels
that might cause unacceptable ecosystem effects.
1) Evaluate the DFTM early warning pheromone system to
improve predictability and efficiency of the system.
(Wenz)
2) Examine capabilities for long range forcasting of DFIM
populations using historical pheromone trapping data (MAG
data base and other sources). (Weatherby)
B) Population Dynamics. An adequate understanding of defoliator
population dynamics, including the relationship between
populations levels and resource/ecosystem effects, exists.
1) Evaluate the role of natural enemies in the population
dynamics of WBW/DFTM. (Campbell)
2) Continue to evaluate the potential of using WBW
pheromone trap catches to predict subsequent defoliation.
(Hostetler)
C) Population Assessment and Monitoring. Methodologies exist
for spatial and temporal assessment/ monitoring of defoliator
populations, and for summarizing and analyzing the data obtained
through use of these methodologies.
1) Evaluate the need to continue the monitoring of existing
population plots established by PNW (Wickman, Mason).
(Hostetler)
2) Develop a sampling system for hemlock looper.
(Hostetler)
Management. Biologically effective, environmentally sensitive,
economically defensible, defoliator management (prevention/
suppression) strategies are available to maintain defoliator
resource/ecosystem effects at acceptable levels.
A) Habitat Management. Effective silvicultural techniques/
approaches are available to reduce unacceptable defoliator
effects. Defoliator effects are considered in the development
and implementation of silvicultural prescriptions.
1) Explore silvicultural options for preventing/reducing
unacceptable defoliator effects. (Weatherby)
B) Population Management. Effective strategies/ techniques/
methodologies, including semiochemicals, microbials, growth
regulators, biological controls and chemical insecticides are
available to manage defoliator populations.
1) Determine the potency of TM BioControl-1 on wild
populations of the DFTM from different geographical areas
including a) lab bioassays and b) field tests.
(Livingston)
2) Pursue and obtain registration of the DFTM pheromone for
mating disruption. (Wenz)
3) Improve DFITM pheromone application and delivery
technology and formulation for mating disruption.
(Livingston)
4) Conduct field tests of DFTM pheromone for mating
disruption to determine optimal time of treatment
(population level) within an outbreak cycle.
(Livingston)
5) Evaluate the potential for using natural enemies for
population management off DFTM/WBW. (Campbell)
6) Field test Entotech virus carrier for TM BioControl-1l
for rain fastness, persistence, and viability.
(Bennett )
7) Evaluate the potential of Entomophaga (fungus) for
suppression of DFTM under western conditions.
(Bennett )
Element 4. Technology Transfer. Timely transfer of information to, and
coordination with, cooperators (NFS, Research, States, community
interest groups), is occurring.
1) Develop procedures to assist in the decision-making,
planning, and implementation of suppression projects.
(Livingston)
United States Forest R-1
Department of Service
Agriculture
Reply To: 3400 Date: June 18, 1993
Subject: Management of Western Defoliators
To: Jack Barry
We have reviewed the draft Strategic Plan for the Management of western
defoliators and agree that there is a strong need for the development and
implementation of both a strategic and tactical plan for managing these
insects. The steering committee has made an excellent start at developing the
plan. The three basic issues outlined in the document soundly illustrate what
the important elements are for managing western spruce budworm: trends,
prediction capabilities, and sound technologies and methodologies. An important
item also covered in the basic issues deals with accepting some loss/impact from
defoliators on the resource. This can be addressed by evaluating insects in the
context of their multiple functions in the forest ecosystem instead of only
focusing on loss in terms of board feet. The plan covers most of the
traditional approaches/technologies needed to manage western defoliators. What
is lacking in the plan is the link between traditional technologies, and forest
health and ecosystem management. In addition to developing technologies, we
need to characterize the health of forest ecosystems by evaluating the roles,
functions and interrelationships of western defoliators in forest ecosystem
dynamics. The following questions should be addressed in the strategic plan:
(1) how have defoliators (and their effects) varied in intensity and
distribution before and since the influence of European man in this country? (2)
how do we assess current forest health? (3) is the current status of forest
health within the range of "normal" for pre-EuroAmerican forest conditions? and
(4) how do we predict the effects of management alternatives on the health of
forest ecosystems.
Information on the role of defoliators on forest health and ecosystem function
would fit nicely under Element 1 (Functions/Interactions-evaluating
roles/functions of western defoliators in forest ecosystem dynamics). This
element should be expanded considerably.
With the current emphasis on forest health, and declining budgets, more
attention should be given to non-traditional technologies such as biological
. control and other non-chemical management strategies such as pheromone
technology. Also, non-chemical management should include evaluations of effects
on non-target organisms just as chemical suppression should. For instance,
harvesting a stand most likely effects many of the beneficial insects such as
ants and other organisms in the ecosystem. Monitoring of non-target insects
should be done whenever treatment effects are being evaluated.
Under Element 4, the plan mentions the need to coordinate with various resource
managers to effectively link defoliator management strategies with new resource
management approaches such as ecosystem management. Before we can accomplish
this, we need to re-evaluate our approach to managing western defoliators to
ensure that we are asking the right questions. We need to ask the questions in
the broader context of ecosystem management and not just from a timber
perspective.
A considerable amount of work has been accomplished and documented on managing
western defoliators. The CANUSA program was a multi-million dollar
research/technology development/implementation effort aimed at reducing the
impacts of budworm on our forests. Even though Integrated Pest Management was
the main philosophy, very little attention was paid to assessing the impact of
budworm based on ecological and social values. However, much of the work needed
to evaluate this has been done and now needs to be re-structured within a
broader ecological context.
We strongly agreés that One Of thevfirst steps toward implementing eons olan is to
consolidate, evaluate and summarize existing information from both past and
current projects. Then we need to identify gaps in our knowledge and
understanding of the functional role of budworm in the ecosystem. Evaluating
traditional management approaches within the context of ecosystem management,
will ensure that the plan we develop better relates the long-range management of
western defoliators with forest health and ecosystem management.
Please contact Jed Dewey (406-329-3637) if you have further questions.
/s/ Bill Boettcher
WILLIAM W. BOETTCHER
ASSistane Director
Timber, Cooperative Forestry
and Pest Management
CC.
N.Campbell
Lowi De
United States Forest Washington 2121 € Second Street
Department of Service Office Davis, CA 95616
Agriculture PHIS(GL6 Moola 15
FAX (916) 75/-8363
Reply To: 3400 Date: August 27, 1993
Subject: Western Defoliator
Action Item
To: Director,, EPM
This memorandum is in follow-up to the 1993 meeting of the National Steering
Committee for Managing Western Defoliators. Within the background discussion
of the Strategic Plan for the Management of Western Defoliators the
sub-committee identified the need for further committee work to explore
approaches to gather, sort, analyze, and apply existing information and data on
western defoliatory insect biology, dynamics, impact, management, and data
gaps. To initiate action on this need the sub-committee, under the chair of
John Wenz, will evaluate this need, identify the lead insect (Douglas-fir
tusseck moth or western spruce budworm), and develop a detailed contract scope
of work for a contractual effort. The final product of the contract is
invisioned to be an expert system database or comparable system which will
serve as a resource in pursuing resources management and technology development
activities...
The committee believes that this is an appropriate activity for considered
sponsorship by the National Center for Forest Health.
/s/John W. Barry
JOHN W. BARRY
Chairperson
cc: Committee Members
Jesus Cota
United States Forest Southwestern 517 Gold Avenue SW.
Department of Service Region Albuquerque, NM 87102-0084
Agriculture
Reply to: 3400 Date: Apri lei. oe
Subject: Management of Western Defoliators (Your ltr. 4/6) .
To: John Barry, FPM-WO
I commend those members of your Western Defoliators Steering Committee, in
particular John Wenz, for having prepared this comprehensive strategic plan.
The plan appears to relate very well to forest health and to ecosystem
management, and should provide a good basis from which to develop appropriate
tactical plans. While implementation of these plans may be time consuming, we
believe we should proceed with this plan and we will support the committee
members' efforts to do so within our Regional capabilities and workload demands.
/s/ Thomas G. Schmeckpeper
THOMAS G. SCHMECKPEPER
Director of State and Private Forestry
and Forest Pest Management
LL LL LLL LLL LL LG LLL LL lL lL lL lL Sooo, l—=—aaeell—eelll kh C!:|!Ll—le SS
United States Forest Intermountain 324 25th Street
Department of service Region Ogden, UT 84401-2310
Agriculture
Reply to: 3400 Date: Augustisl 2.1993
Subject: Strategic Plan for Management of Western Defoliators
Toe John W. Barry,
through Chief
In response to your letter of April 6, I have asked Julie Weatherby to review
the draft strategic plan proposed by the National Steering Committee for the
Management of Western Defoliators.
This strategic plan reflects the change in national emphasis toward forest
health and ecosystem management. This plan expands the charge of the committee
beyond pest population management to include a more holistic approach to
understanding the role of pests in the forest ecosystem and appropriate
management strategies given diverse resource management objectives.
A broad based strategic plan can be very useful in focusing tactical plans and
specific projects designed to fulfill identified needs.
In the cover letter, it was proposed that the committee would form
subcommittees assigned to specific elements. These subcommittees would compile
existing information and research results so that the tactical plans could be
developed without duplication. Julie believes this strategic plan will help
direct these efforts.
Julie emphasizes that this strategic plan is very broad based, and in order to
be of much value tactical plans must be tiered to the strategic plan. The plan
is general but very inclusive, and seems to provide a good framework to direct
the development of tactical plans.
js/ Botand Mays toleson (for)
LAURA B. FERGUSON
DELeCuor
State and Private Forestry
Cy
FPM/BFO (J.Weatherby)
S&PF (G.Baxter)
' aE c=
Appendix H
Member Reports
Dayle Bennett R-3
Nancy Campbell R-1
Dayle Grimble PNW
Bruce Hostetler R-6
Ladd Livingston
Idaho Dept. of Lands
Dave Rising MTDC
Lonnie Sower PNW
Julie Weatherby R-4
John Wenz R-5
Dayle Bennett
R-3
a | ool a | a | 7 . N
R-3 REPORT TO THE WESTERN DEFOLIATOR STEERING COMMITTEE
AUGUST) 24-259" 1993
Dayle Bennett
Status of Defoliators--Western spruce budworm (WSB) populations are once again
on the increase throughout northern New Mexico. Light defoliation was recorded
on the Carson, Cibola, and Santa Fe, National Forests, and on the Navajo Indian
Reservation. We expect these populations will continue to increase, causing
moderate to heavy defoliation over large portions of our mixed-conifer forests
in 1994. This may generate an interest to protect foliage by ground application
of Bt in 10-15 campgrounds, and has raised the possiblity of a small-scale
(5000-6000 acre) aerial application of Bt to protect visual quality in a
corridor of the Carson NF.
Aspen defoliation, caused by western tent caterpillar or large aspen tortix, is
occuring at scattered locations throughout the Region. Such defoliation
generates little concern and no suppression action is warranted.
Douglas-fir tussock moth (DFTM) populations were at suboutbreak levels on a few
hundred acres in the Pinal Mountains near Globe, Arizona, in 1993. However,
these populations apprear to have collapsed in 1993.
Status of Projects/Reports--
Nontarget Moth Study (Flammulated Owl Food Base)--We are still sorting, pinning,
and counting moths collected in 1991. (See project summary following this
report for more details about the project). We are about 70 percent through
this baseline information effort and have pinned and counted approximately 3,500
individual moths, representing an estimated 80-100 different species. In July,
1993, we sent representative moths from most of the "morphologically similiar"
groups that we have collected to the ARS insect identification lab to be
identified to family, genus, and species. Thus far, we have received no
determinations from the lab.
There apprears to be a great deal of variability in types and numbers of moths
caught between sample sites and between sampling dates per site. We hope to
have this information summarized, analyzed, and reported on in 1994, but
priority is low as there are no current plans to treat this area with Bt.
However, this year's increase in WSB populations in the study area may prompt
renewed interest in an aerial application of Bt, thus affording us the
opportunity to resume this study and increase the priority of finalizing our
1991 baseline study information.
WSB-Caused Damage Survey(s), Red River, NM--A summary of these surveys,
including preliminary results was presented in the 1992 report to this
committee. Those results have not changed, and a draft report is nearly out for
review. The final report will be issued this coming winter!
WSB Permanent Plots--Over the past 2 summers, we have established a total of 2/7
permanent plots throughout the Region that will be used to gather longterm
information for model validation, evaluation of silvicultural treatment efforts,
and refinement of risk/hazard rating systems. We will begin annual monitoring
of these plots in 1994.
WSB Pheromone Traps--We are continuing to assist Chris Niwa, PNW, in assessing
the effectiveness of WSB pheromone traps. Over the next couple of weeks,
defoliation levels will be determined from trees where pheromone traps were
located during 1992. Chris will compare these defoliation levels with 1992 moth
catches to determine the level of correlation between moth catches and the
following year's defoliation.
DFIM Pheromone Traps--We have deployed DFIM traps in three areas of central
Arizona again in 1993, and did some lower crown beating. These populations
appear to have collapsed.
Gypsy Moth (GM) Pheromone Traps--We deployed 326 GM pheromone traps on federal
forested (high-use recreational area) lands in 1993. Traps will soon be
retrieved. We have received information from APHIS that one European GM male
has been confirmed from a state-deployed trap in San Miguel county, NM. More
traps are being deployed in the immediate area of that "catch" to determine if
any additional moths are present.
Michelle Frank and Steve Dudley, AZ Zone Office, have assisted APHIS and
military personnel in trapping and monitoring the potention introduction of
gypsy moths as a large number of military personnel are being moved from a base
in Massachusetts where GM populations are high to a base near Sierra Vista, AZ.
WSB Risk/Hazard Rating System--We are currently working with Ann Lynch, RM, to
develop a usable risk/hazard rating system for WSB in R-3. Our current system,
modified from Carlson and Wolf, is too cumbersome, not being used, and not
validated. This year we are sampling from approximately 50 stands on the Santa
Fe NF in an effort to develop this system.
Technology Development Needs--
Development, validation, and implementation of a usable and accurate
hazard/risk rating system for western spruce budworm.
Studies to determine the effects of defoliators on forest health, forest
resiliency, and forest sustainability.
Specific FSM guidelines to fund defoliator prevention projects.
Documentation of procedures for conducting and analyzing projects to determine
the effects of Bt on ontarget organisms.
SUMMARY OF A SURVEY TO DETERMINE EFFECTS OF BT ON NONTARGET MOTHS
FY93 STATUS REPORT
In response to concerns raised during a 1991 environmental analysis of a western
spruce budworm (WSB) outbreak on the Camino Real Ranger District, Carson
National Forest, the New Mexico Zone of Forest Pest Management began a
multi-year survey to obtain information concerning the effects of B.t. on
nontarget moths within and adjacent to areas of potential treatment. Specefic
concerns were that an aerial application of B.t. could potentially cause a
significant and possibly adverse impact on the primary food base (moths) of
flammulated owls, a state listed sensitive species for New Mexico, during the
critical nesting period of mid-May through mid-July.
The objectives of this multi-year survey were to:
A. Determine species diversity and relative abundance of moths within
areas of potential aerial applications of B.t. on the Camino Real Ranger
District (Rio Pueblo Canyon, La Junta Canyon, and U.S. Hill) and within similar
areas where B.t. would not be applied (Rio Pueblo Canyon, La Junta Canyon or
possibly Rio Grande del Rancho Canyon), 1991.
B. Monitor the effects of B.t. on nontarget moth populations during the
VearvOL proposed but. application, 1997)
ea Monitor the longterm effects of B.t. on nontarget moth populations for
one to three years following B.t. application or until affected nontarget moth
populations returned to pretreatment levels.
The primary purpose of sampling in 1991 was to obtain baseline information
on the moth populations and to develop and refine our survey techniques (light
trapping). A battery-powered (12-volt) black light insect collector fitted with
a photo-sensitive cell was placed at each of eight different sample locations
(four within areas proposed for aerial application of B.t. and four within
similar areas not proposed for aerial application of B.t.). These traps were
simultaneously operated twice weekly (Monday night and Friday night) between
sunset and sunrise from June 12 through July 12.
Traps were cleaned each morning following black light operation (Tuesday and
Friday mornings). Specimens collected from each trap were boxed, labelled by
individual traps, then stored in a freezer. Over the past two winters (1992 and
1993) a New Mexico Zone biological technician has been sorting, relaxing,
pinning, labelling, and counting the moths (macrolepidopterans) collected during
this survey. Thus far, he has processed about two-thirds of the moths
collected, keeping track of the numbers of moths collected by morphological
"type" (assumed separate species) for each trap location and trapping date. We
have recently shipped several representative specimens to the Systematic Insect
Identification Lab on Beltsville, MD, for species determination. All
microlepidopterans have been lumped into one category as they are not considered
a part of the owls food base.
We expect to finish processing all of the moths that were collected from the
1991 survey within the next six months. At that time statistical tests will be
performed on the following hypotheses:
Ho: Moth densities are not statistically different between sample locations
(potential treatment and nontreatment areas), 1991.
Ho: Species diversity (representative moth genera) are not statistically
different between sample location (potential treatment and nontreatment
areas), 1991.
The WSB population within the study area collapsed in the fall of 1991 and
remained low in 1992. Therefore, no Bt applications nor additional moth
collections have been made. Although WSB populations did increase in 1993, it
is uncertain whether or not any future Bt applications will be made in this
area.
Nancy Campbell
R-1
Western Defoliators Steering Committee Report
Region 1
24-25 August 1993
Western Spruce Budworm
Defoliation
Through 1992, the western spruce budworm caused defoliation increased across
many forests in R-1. The increase was probably due in part to an early, warm
summer and a late fall. Populations have also been building over the last
three years following a major decline in 1989 caused by winter damage.
In 1993, we expect to see a general decline in budworm populations across the
region. However, budworm populations will continue to increase in small
isolated areas. The general decline is a result of a number of factors
including starvation, disease, and an unusually wet, late summer.
Projects
All of the studies we have and will initiate in our region support the proposed
national guidelines for managing defoliators in western forests.
The objectives of our regional plan are to: 1) provide long-term direction to
our current budworm management programs; 2) outline monitoring strategies that
might be incorporated into Forest Health Monitoring both regionaly and
nationally; 3) inform others of current projects related to budworm in R-1; and
4) facilitate coordination and cooperations with other regions, stations, etc.
A considerable amount of effort has already been directed toward achieving
these objectives. The establishment of permanent plots across forest types and
with varying levels of budworm damage will provide a baseline for many
ecological studies and other data needs in the future. Currently, we have
permanent plots established in 27 stands across seven national forests in R-1.
Plots were placed in stands that have been: 1) recently managed (within the
last 5 years), 2) not harvested during the last 25 years, and 3) in wilderness
areas. Permanent plots, or long-term plots, provide information on budworm
population trends and effects on long-term processes such as succession.
Certain variable monitored on long-term plots can also be used a indicators of
forest health. Long-term plots can also provide us with a foundation for
examining relationships between organisms in an ecosystem that short-term
studies can not. Information collected from the plots will also be used to
validate and calibrate hazard, damage and population dynamics models for
budworm, and in the future to develop multi-pest and ecosystem process models.
During 1993, we are continuing to cooperate with Dr. Chris Niwa on the
pheromone trapping study. Eight plots, located near long-term plots, were
established during 1992. In 1992 and 1993 we collected data on larval density,
percent defoliation and moth counts per trap.
We are also continuing to sample natural enemies across our permanent plots.
During 1992, predator pitfall traps were placed throughout the permanent
plots. The objective of the study is to collect predators as they travel up
tree trunks in search of budworm larvae or pupae. We also sampled the parasite
complex of the western spruce budworm at several locations. We selected one
area where the budworm population was low and building and two areas where the
populations was high.
Douglas-fir Tussock Moth
Our trap counts for 1992 increased a small amount, but still remain well below
the 25 moths per trap target level. For the first time in five years, every
trap site caught at least one moth. No visible defoliation was reported via
aerial survey.
Gypsy Moth
Through several cooperative agreements, land managers in R-1 deployed over
8,000 traps in Montana and Idaho. During 1992 in Region 1, one moth was caught
near Pinehurst, Idaho and one moth was caught near Chester, Montana.
Sawflies and Pine Tussock Moth
Populations of Neodiprion autumnali defoliated an estimated 1,989 acres on the
Ashland RD on the Custer NF in 1992. A number of pine tussock moth larvae were
observed feeding on ponderosa pine on the Ashland and Sioux RDs of the Custer
as well. We will continue to monitor these populations during 1993.
Dayle Grimble
PNW
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MESSAGE SCAN FOR JACK BARRY
Tom JeBarry ROSH
From: David G. Grimble:S26L05A
Postmark: Aug 19,93 2:37 PM Delivered: Aug 19,93 2:33 PM
Stattse Certified
Subject:
Comments:
Jack-- attached is a DG copy of the Report I intend to bring to your
Defoliatormeeting in Sacramento next week. I'll bring 15 hard copies
with me, but I thought that if you expect to use this or parts of it
in your Committee meeting report, it might help to have it already on
DG So your Asst ' carn change: this, modify it, alter it>* or ZAPYIT- if
its of no interestto yous Suit yourself. See you in Sacramento.
REPORT TO : NATIONAL STEERING COMMITTEE- WESTERN DEFOLIATORS
West Sacramento, CA 24225, August «222
by
David G. Grimble
Pacific Northwest Research Station
Corvallis, OR
A. CURRENT NATIONAL NEEDS AND ISSUES
Vevor ve yeen
..Studies to address data gaps on impacts of Bacillus thuringiensis
insecticides ~on nontarget organisms
1. Evaluation of possible impacts of Bt sprays on nontarget Lepidoptera in
mixed coniferous forests of eastern Oregon.
This (1993) is the second year of a planned 3-year effort, funded partly by
FPM-NAPIAP Program, to evaluate the unintended impacts of Bt application on
nontarget Lepidoptera in eastern Oregon mixed-coniferous forests. Paired plots
were established in 1992 on both the Umatilla and the Wallowa-Whitman National
Forests. ULV blacklight traps will be operated in these plots three nights per
week from the first week of May till October each year. A lepidopterist will
identify collected moths to the species level. In addition, numerous shrubs on
the plots will be sampled yearly to collect lepidopterous larvae for rearing to
the adult stage. One plot of each pair was sprayed on 29 June 1993 with an
aqueous formulation of THURICIDE, at the rate of 16 BIU in 96 0z./A.
Partial results to date: Blacklight trapping (and limited aerial net
collecting of diurnal species) in 1992 has identified 438 species, mostly
Noctuidae (55%) and Geometridae (24%). Most species were represented by few
specimens; for 42% of the species, we caught 5 or less specimens in all eight
traps during the entire summer. Eight species caught were previously unknown to
Oregon. The weather conditions this year (1993) were drastically different
from 1992. The drought in Oregon is apparently broken and spring 1993 was about
2-3 weeks "late", when compared to 1992. So far, most of 1993 summer weather
has been relatively cool, with frequent rain showers, all of which seems to
have had a depressing effect on lepidopterous populations. We found much
reduced larval populations on shrubs and are catching fewer moths in all traps
than in 1992. Plans are to continue trapping and branch sampling through 1994.
2. Evaluation of possible unintended impacts of Bt sprays on nontarget
lepidoptera on the Warm Springs Indian Reservation.
In 1993, FPM conducted an aerial suppression project to reduce defoliation by
western spruce budworms on the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, near Madras,
OR. As part of this project, we have been operating four pairs of ULV
blacklight traps in an attempt to detect and evaluate any unintended negative
impacts on nontarget lepidoptera on spray areas. One trap of each pair is
located about 0.5 mi. inside a spray compartment; the other is about 0.5 mi.
outside. Trapping period will be from 15 May till October. Trapped moths will
be identified to the species level. Along with this effort, and in the same
immediate areas, Jeff Miller, OSU Ento. Dept, will be systematically sampling
ee ———elCl re Tl TT TT Tl lll —CLLLLLRSSSS —CLLLYTLC. —=———S C—O —=—Crr —— LLL —=—=—=CLLLSSST CC —lOCLT —irLLLTSClCl lll Oe
shrubs for lepidopterous larvae on a weekly basis all summer. Collected larvae
will be reared to the adult stage for identification.
3. Survey of resident lepidopterous populations across the central Cascades
Mountains as a possible food source for Townsend's big-eared bats.
In 1993, proposed aerial suppression projects to reduce defoliation by
western spruce budworms on the Deschutes and the Willamette National forests,
primarily along the Santiam River corridor, were cancelled because of
undetermined but possible deleterious impacts on the food supply of the
"sensitive" (not yet classified as "endangered") Townsend's big-eared bat
(Plecotus townsendii townsendii), known to occur in the area. Little
information exists about the precise location of bat colonies, or even about
some important details of the bat's biology. We also know little about the
lepidopterous species complex or quantities of moths which might serve as a
food source for bats in this area. Thus, under FPM suppression funds support,
we are operating 8 ULV blacklight traps in a transect across the Santiam
corridor this summer, to gather background data on nocturnal Lepidoptera
populations, with some emphasis on lava fields where some bats occur. As
abeovegrthe trappine ermtod: wil brbenearly Mayitilly October mrcollected moths will
be identified to tepectes ond Jert Mil ler,» OSU Ento! Dept.., will collect ‘Larvae
trom shrubs hier mreawi ne ito adults:
B: OTHER DEFOLIATOR-RELATED ACTIVITIES AT PNW STATION
is SALASKAS
__A. From RICHARD WERNER -
In 1992, approximately 160,000 acres of white spruce (Picea glauca) were
defoliated by spruce budowrms (Choristoneura orae and C. fumiferana) in
interior Alaska and another 5,000 acres of Sitka spruce (P. sitchensis) were
defoliated by either C. orae or C. biennis in southeast Alaska. Areas infested
with spruce budworm increased from 20,000 acres in 1991.
High population levels of the eastern spruce budworm (C. fumiferana) and the
2-year-cycle budworm (C. orae) were first observed in the Bonanza Creek
Experimental Forest near Fairbanks in July 1989. Samples of foliage shot from
the tops of white spruce contained large numbers of budworm pupae; however,
only light defoliation was observed on this foliage and no defoliation was
visible on the lower crowns. Populations increased dramatically from 1990
through 1993 and high numbers of larvae were detected on all sizes of spruce
from 2-year seedlingsst©® mature, trees:
Budworm population levels have been monitored from 1990 to 1993 using pheromone
baited traps and the population is predicted to decline in 1994 as mature
spruce trees were entirely covered with silk webbing in June 1993, pupae were
found in old-growth needles, and pupal weights were smaller in 1993; all
indicators of a collasping population. Impact plots were established in stands
of spruce in 1990 and will be remeasured periodically.
iLaseela Sawfly
Extensive areas of tamarack (Larix laricina) east of Fairbanks in interior
Alaska were defoliated by the larch sawfly (Pristiphora erichsonii). The
sawfly was also found in Fairbanks feeding on Siberian larch (L. Sibir ica gan
introduced tree used for ornamental plantings. The occurrence of the sawfly
was the first since it was first reported in Alaska in 1962. Most trees have
sustained 100 percent defoliation.
There were no suppression projects undertaken in Alaska.
2. From CORVALLIS,OR:
A. CHRIS NIWA-
Am continuing to work on SBW monitoring with pheromone traps. I have
3. efforts in this! (1) .trapping to predict subsequent defoliation
(no trapping this year, will be taking last defoliation counts this
season); 2) continued trapping to compare commercial baits and traps
with our PVC baits and milk carton traps. Had hoped to trap high
populations this year in order to test trap saturation, this probably
won't be the case given low densities; 3) trapping in sprayed areas
to determine spray efficacy and to measure inflight into treated
blocks. Am trapping in Hood River County area sprayed with Sevin and
possibly in B.t. sprayed area on the Warm Springs IR this year.
B. From LONNE SOWER-
DFIM Disruption
DFTM disruption tests (Idaho): Incompletely reported to committee last year as
still collecting data in July. Full draft of Final FPM TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
PROGRESS REPORT now available.
A pilot project demonstrating the feasibility of using the mating disruption
technique in an operational suppression project against Douglas-fir tussock
moth was completed. Six, 200-acre plots were established on the Weiser RD,
Payette National Forest. On 3 of the blocks No-Mate DFTM pheromone loaded
in center sealed fibers and mixed with a sticker was applied via helicopter.
Applications were completed during the 3rd week of August 1991. Coverage was
satisfactory and materials performed adequately. Only 16% of emerged females
in treated plots mated and produced fertile eggs vs 72% in untreated plots.
Larval populations declined from about 45.4 larvae/m sq before treatment to
about 8.5 larvae per m sq the season following treatment whereas larval
populations remained about the same in untreated plots. Results were
statistically significant and consistent with those of previous field tests.
Treatment had no measurable effect on capenter ant, western spruce budworm, or
spider populations. No impact was expected on these non-target arthropods and
none was found. An 81% reduction in larvae the next season after treatment
should be considered good efficacy, particularly for a method that has little
adverse environmental impact.
RECOMMENDATION: Defoliator steering committee has recommended registration of
DFTM pheromone be pursued. This should be mentioned again to FPM.
ee en _ —<«€—
Changes in DFTM survey trap baits
Users will have noticed that the baits for the DFTM survey traps look
different than in previous years. These are a new type bait purchased from
Pherotech rather than the old type manufactured at Corvallis by us. Previous
lots of Pherotech baits were tested against the old baits and had identical
results. The new baits should work the same although the silver color is
something new, why they added the color is a mystery to me too as the previous
baits provided for testing worked just fine. The new baits, just as sent out,
will be tested again this year against the old baits just to be certain we have
things callibrated properly. We will also be doing further tests using the new
baits in a commercially available trap (USDA gypsy moth trap). This trap has
worked OK in the past as long as the ends were left open. The idea here is to
get all commercial products available for tussock moth trapping and hopefully
let MAG and the Corvalis research lab get out of manufacturing.
some? penéralities vsoylar, regarding thesPherotech baitssetc:s Pherotech
baits in the past were equal to ours from Klamath Falls north but appeared to
catch more males from Klamath Falls south into California. This indicates that
Pherotechs pheromone was probably purer, and that purity mattered more to
California DFTM.
Other DFTM trapping and related:
Two years ago we placed traps, for other purposes indicated, in an apparently
increasing population of DFTM on the Malheur NF. We placed a transect of
survey plots down a ridge and more or less across the host type for the
population in 1992. Survey methods included traps in standard clusters of 5,
lower crown beating, cryptic shelters, and single traps at 1/4 mile intervals
completely through the host area. The deployment and methods were instigated
by John Wenz who did something similar in CA.
Standard survey traps, cryptic shelters, and single traps all had fairly
high numbers of insects, indicating that the population was approaching
pre-outbreak. Larvae surveys, and visual searches for cocoons did not agree.
We deemed the 1992 larval survey inadequate because it was taken too late in
the season. Single traps at 1/4 mile intervals yeilded the same information as
S- trap Clusters) with sieuiiicancly fewer cotal traps required™to get “the
information. All this tends to confirm my own bias that any of the above
survey methods are likely to tell you about the same thing if done consistently
and interpreted with reasonable perspective.
The method that "DID NOT WORK" this time was the old reliable larval beating,
but that was because we applied it incorrectly, not because of anything
inherent in the method.
In 1993 the larval survey was “on-time" and indicated a pre-outbreak
population with some areas over 30 1/1000. Trapping and shelter data will be
collected later in the year.
CG From -RiGkK IKELSEY-
Douglas-fir as a host for European gypsy moth populations
Over the past decade localized outbreaks of European gypsy moth have occurred
in the forests of Oregon, Washington, and California. At some locations
Douglas-fir has been utilized as a host. Cooperative studies between the
Pacific Northwest Research Station and Oregon State University have been
conducted to evaluate the suitability of Douglas-fir as a host. The soft and
succulent new fir needles in spring are acceptable to first instars, but not
suitable for good growth. Mature fir needles are not acceptable to first
instars because of toughness, but they are more suitable for growth than new
needles. Early instar survival was best when both new and old foliage was
available. Switching II, III, or IV instars from white alder, a suitable host,
to mature Douglas-fir needles increased instar duration and decreased relative
weight gain, but only for the instar switched.
Nitrogen concentrations in Douglas-fir foliage appear to be the most important
nutritional component for gypsy moth growth. Terpenes in the fir tissue seems
to have little affect on larval fitness and growth. The effects of Douglas-fir
phenolics on larval growth have not been clearly demonstrated because the
concentrations are inversely correlated with nitrogen concentrations in fir
foliage), sand incorporation: ofephenolic rich extracts imto arcificial dietiwere
toxic, causing unnatural levels of mortality. In the absence of other more
preferred hosts, it appears that the foliage from Douglas-fir could maintain
gypsy moth populations in western forests.
Joseph, G., RG. Kelsey. ASF. Moldenkese J aGagMiller Roe berry) ands) .G,
Wernz. 1993. Effects of nitrogen and Douglas-fir allelochemicals on developemnt
of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar. J. Ghem. Ecol, 19: 1245-17262
Joseph, G., and R.G. Kelsey. Submitted. Acceptability and suitability of
Douglas-fir as a secondary host for gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera:
Lymantriidae)<*Environ®: Entomol:
3. LAGRANDE, OR:
A. From*TORGLF R> TORGERSEN-=
CURRENT EMPHASIS:
1. Dynamics of selected populations of western forest defoliators.
Continuing: (a) Abbreviated life-tables for determination of dynamical
processes influencing long-term population behavior of western spruce
budworm; (b) determining average survivorship for budworm populations in
the Blue Mountains; (c) comparing budworm population trends in carbaryl-
and Bt-treated and untreated areas (John Day suppression project - 1983,
and» Meacham Pilot Project, -. 1988).
2. Predator-prey systems for stabilizing forest insect pests at low densities.
Objectives: To advance the concept of ecological management by describing
features of forest structure, composition, and management practices to
conserve and enhance the role of predation processes in stabilizing
defoliator systems. In particular, characteristics of standing and down
dead wood will be related to the occurrence and composition of predatory
ant communities, the pileated woodpecker, and other dead-wood dependent
avian species that prey on the budworm. Results will potentially influence
ia
standards and guidelines for conservation and recruitment of dead wood
structure in managed stands.
Completed: Field observations on 240 plots in 12 pileated woodpecker home
ranges are complete. The study will describe the number, size, volume, and
species of down logs in the home ranges. The results show relationships of
these paramenters to foraging by woodpecker and occupation of deady woody
material by foliage-foraging ants that prey on western budworm. A
manuscript titled---Occurrence of log-inhabiting cnats in home ranges of
pileated woodpecker in Northeastern Oregon---is in preparation.
New: A study was initiated on the Five-Lock Demonstration Area (North Fork
John Day District, UMA) to census dead woody debris and log-inhabiting ants
in selected managment situations. Represented are: old-growth, ponderosa
pine, riparian areas, clear-cuts, and mixed conifers. One of the objectives
is to compare amounts of down woody debris, woodpecker foraging, and
ant-occurrence between these selected sites, and also compare with similar
information from pileated woodpecker home ranges (see above completed
study). Funded in part by Blue Mountains Natural Resources Institute.
Newer studv=te underway ine a ord-erowch site’that’ is utilized: by pileated
woodpeckers and Vaux's swifts. The site will be selectively logged to
remove some snags and down woody debris to reduce the fire hazard. A
portion of the study will’examine characteristics of both living trees and
standing and down dead wood before and after logging. Additional
observations will also document foraging by pileated woodpecker and
occurrence and species composition of the ant complex on the site. Study is
being done in conjuction with the La Grande Ranger District and E. Bull,
Research Wildlife Biologist.
Sampling and monitoring technology.
Completed: A study examining larval distribution in crowns as it affects
sampling. Sixty-three plots/years of data are used to describe how inter-
and intra-tree larval distribution affects sampling of budworm. Results
suggest that densities in the middle of the lower crown of tall trees
(rather than the traditional midcrown) can be used to characterize
populations on whole trees and stands. Data are presented that describes
foliated area of 45-cm tips in mixed and pure stands of the hosts. Paper
titled---Patterns of occurrence and new sampling implications for instar IV
western spruce budworm---in press (Forest Science).
In Progress: Adaptation of Mason's lower crown sampling method to
defoliator sampling in Southeastern Alaska. Relationships of densities of
blackheaded budworm, hemlock sawfly, and other selected defoliators to
whole-tree beating samples are being analized. Work done cooperatively with
Region 10 FPM (R.Mask).
In Progress: Development of equations to relate lower crown sampling
densities of western spruce budworm to midcrown density after treatment
with B.t. Manuscript in preparation. In cooperation with D. Scott, A.
Gillespie, and K. Hosman.
Completed: Fred Schmidt has completed a Station Research Note titled---A
spruce budworm sampling program for Husky Hunter field data reocrders. The
program is designed to expedited data entry in the field, and to calculate
sampling precision for determining the need for more sampling.
B. From RICHARD R. MASON-
1. Dynamics of Selected Populations of Western Forest Defoliators. These are
continuing long-term studies of the behavior of natural populations of the
western spruce budworm, Douglas-fir tussock, and lodgepole needle miner.
Populations are monitored annually on series of permanent plots representing
parts of national forests or geographical provinces. Some data bases now
include 25+ consecutive years of population data for a species and are now
being analyzed for diagnostic purposes and final publication. A most
significant finding this year is the apparent collapse of a population of the
western spruce budworm which has been in outbreak status in the Blue Mountains
and much of the Pacific Northwest for the last 12 years. Population densities
of nominal 4'th instar budworm on monitoring plots in 1993 declined over 95
percent from the densities of 1992. Populations of the Douglas-fir tussock
moth also appear to be in decline after going through a population upswing over
the last 3-4 years. We have recorded three such tussock moth cycles since 1971.
a. PredatomaPrey Systems for Stabilizing Honestelnsect. Pests ateLows Densities”
These studies concentrate on the relative abundance and diversity of arthropod
predators in relation to the major defoliators. Recent work has emphasized the
arboreal spiders which we believe are highly important predators of tussock
moth and budworm larvae. Unfortunately, very little is known about this group
of arthropods. Cooperative studies in 1992 with the Department of Forestry,
Oregon State University, have shown that important differences may exist in the
structure of arboreal spider communities between forests east and west of the
Cascade Range.
oe Pe EeVente _Loneands Gontuo Leone lImSecerbests by SAalsvie Utes ab hacia Ces mG Lidaise Its
studies emphasize the effect of fertilizer treatments on the impact of tree
defoliation and the dynamics of budworm outbreaks. This is a large scale
cooperative study involving scientists from several disciplines looking at
fertilizer effects on a variety of ecosystem components. Final measurements
are being made in 1993 for this 5-year study with analyses and the reporting of
results planned thereafter
4. Sampling and Monitoring Technology. A simple method for predicting the
density of tussock moth larvae from the density of cocoons in the previous
generation was published in 1993. The technique is based on many years of data
from a wide range of populations and should be useful for forecasting outbreaks
where direct control may be necessary. Another manuscript has been completed
this year that summarizes the most efficient procedures for monitoring tussock
moth and budworm larvae on permanent plots. The recommendations given are
based on many years of studying the abundance and variation of these species in
eastern Oregon and Washington.
C. From BOYD E. WICKMAN-
The Cooperative Study with Tom Swetnam, University of Arizona , tree ring lab,
on long term out break histories of defoliators in the Blue Mountains is about
half finished. The Northern Blue Mountains portion of the study has been
analyzed and is being prepared for publication.
There have been 5 budworm and several tussock moth outbreaks over the past 250
years on most of the 22 old-growth forests sampled. The periodicity and
severity of these outbreaks has been surprising and has implications for
ecosystem management of old growth, mixed conifer forests in the Northern Blue
Mountains. Defoliators are apparently playing an important role as regulators
of primary productivity in true fir and mixed conifer stands.
The relationship of climate prior to, during, and at outbreak collapse is also
being investigated. This is in cooperation with Dick Mason using his long term
population data on fixed plots to determine population dynamic relations to
tree growth responses, particularly lag times, on the same plots.
The Southern Blue Mountains portion of the study has been started under a new
cooperative agreement with Tom Swetnam - cores were collected in July and
August by La Grande Lab personnel and are being prepared for measurements.
Results will be reported next year.
By LG =
Roy Beckwith retired on January 8, 1993.
Boyd Wickman retired on August 3, 1993.
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REPORT TO : NATIONAL. STEERING COMMITTEE- WESTERN DEFOLIATORS
West Sacramento, CA 24-25 August 1993
by
David G. Grimble
Pacific Northwest Research Station
Corvallis, OR
A. CURRENT NATIONAL NEEDS AND ISSUES
Priopity a2
...Studies to address data gaps on impacts of Bacillus thuringiensis
insecticides on nontarget organisms ...
1. Evaluation of possible impacts of Bt sprays on nontarget Lepidoptera in
mixed coniferous forests of eastern Oregon.
This (1993) is the second year of a planned 3-year effort, funded partly by
FPM-NAPIAP Program, to evaluate the unintended impacts of Bt application on
nontarget Lepidoptera in eastern Oregon mixed-coniferous forests. Paired plots
were established in 1992 on both the Umatilla and the Wallowa-Whitman National
Forests. ULV blacklight traps will be operated in these plots three nights per
week from the first week of May till October each year. A lepidopterist will
identify collected moths to the species level. In addition, numerous shrubs on
the plots will be sampled yearly to collect lepidopterous larvae for rearing to
the adult stage. One plot of each pair was sprayed on 29 June 1993 with an
aqueous formulation of THURICIDE, at the rate of 16 BIU in 96 Oz./A.
Partial results to date: Blacklight trapping (and limited aerial net
collecting of diurnal species) in 1992 has identified 438 species, mostly
Noctuidae (55%) and Geometridae (24%). Most species were represented by few
specimens; for 42% of the species, we caught 5 or less specimens in all eight
traps during the entire summer. Eight species caught were previously unknown to
Oregon. The weather conditions this year (1993) were drastically different
from 1992. The drought in Oregon is apparently broken and spring 1993 was about
2-3 weeks "late", when compared to 1992. So far, most of 1993 summer weather
has been relatively cool, with frequent rain showers, all of which seems to
have had a depressing effect on lepidopterous populations. We found much
reduced larval populations on shrubs and are catching fewer moths in all traps
than in 1992. Plans are to continue trapping and branch sampling through 1994.
2. Evaluation of possible unintended impacts of Bt sprays on nontarget
lepidoptera on the Warm Springs Indian Reservation.
In 1993, FPM conducted an aerial suppression project to reduce defoliation by
western spruce budworms on the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, near Madras,
OR. As part of this project, we have been operating four pairs of ULV |
blacklight traps in an attempt to detect and evaluate any unintended negative
impacts on nontarget lepidoptera on spray areas. One trap of each pair is
located about 0.5 mi. inside a spray compartment; the other is about 0.5 mi.
outside. Trapping period will be from 15 May till October. Trapped moths will
be identified to the species level. Along with this effort, and in the same
immediate areas, Jeff Miller, OSU Ento. Dept, will be systematically sampling
shrubs for lepidopterous larvae on a weekly basis all summer. Collected larvae
will be reared to the adult stage for identification.
3. Survey of resident lepidopterous populations across the central Cascades
Mountains as a possible food source for Townsend's big-eared bats.
In 1993, proposed aerial suppression projects to reduce defoliation by
western spruce budworms on the Deschutes and the Willamette National forests,
primarily along the Santiam River corridor, were cancelled because of
undetermined but possible deleterious impacts on the food supply of the
"sensitive" (not yet classified as "endangered") Townsend's big-eared bat
(Plecotus townsendii townsendii), known to occur in the area. Little
information exists about the precise location of bat colonies, or even about
some important details of the bat's biology. We also know little about the
lepidopterous species complex or quantities of moths which might serve as a
food source for bats in this area. Thus, under FPM suppression funds support,
we are operating 8 ULV blacklight traps in a transect across the Santiam
corridor this summer, to gather background data on nocturnal Lepidoptera
populations, with some emphasis on lava fields where some bats occur. As
above, the trapping period will be early May till October, collected moths will
be identified to species, and Jeff Miller, OSU Ento Dept., will collect larvae
from shrubs for rearing to adults.
B. OTHER DEFOLIATOR-RELATED ACTIVITIES AT PNW STATION
1. ALASKA:
__A. From RICHARD WERNER-
In 1992, approximately 160,000 acres of white spruce (Picea glauca) were
defoliated by spruce budowrms (Choristoneura orae and C. fumiferana) in
interior Alaska and another 5,000 acres of Sitka spruce (P. sitchensis) were
defoliated by either C. orae or C. biennis in southeast Alaska. Areas infested
with spruce budworm increased from 20,000 acres in 1991.
High population levels of the eastern spruce budworm (C. fumiferana) and the
2-year-cycle budworm (C. orae) were first observed in the Bonanza Creek
Experimental Forest near Fairbanks in July 1989. Samples of foliage shot from
the tops of white spruce contained large numbers of budworm pupae; however,
only light defoliation was observed on this foliage and no defoliation was
visible on the lower crowns. Populations increased dramatically from 1990
through 1993 and high numbers of larvae were detected on all sizes of spruce
from 2-year seedlings to mature trees.
Budworm population levels have been monitored from 1990 to 1993 using pheromone
baited traps and the population is predicted to decline in 1994 as mature
spruce trees were entirely covered with silk webbing in June 1993, pupae were
found in old-growth needles, and pupal weights were smaller in 1993; all
indicators of a collasping population. Impact plots were established in stands
of spruce in 1990 and will be remeasured periodically.
Larch Sawfly
ae ee OE ESE ET EE: l TOO TEC TCO CO EC TCC Tl TET
Extensive areas of tamarack (Larix laricina) east of Fairbanks in interior
Alaska were defoliated by the larch sawfly (Pristiphora erichsonii). The
sawfly was also found in Fairbanks feeding on Siberian larch (L...sibirica),, an
introduced tree used for ornamental plantings. The occurrence of the sawfly
was the first since it was first reported in Alaska in 1962. Most trees have
sustained 100 percent defoliation.
There were no suppression projects undertaken in Alaska.
2. From CORVALLIS,OR:
A. CHRIS NIWA-
Am continuing to work on SBW monitoring with pheromone traps. I have
3 efforts in this: 1) trapping to predict subsequent defoliation
(no trapping this year, will be taking last defoliation counts this
season); 2) continued trapping to compare commercial baits and traps
with our PVC baits and milk carton traps. Had hoped to trap high
populations this year in order to test trap saturation, this probably
won't be the case given low densities; 3) trapping in sprayed areas
to determine spray efficacy and to measure inflight into treated
blocks. Am trapping in Hood River County area sprayed with Sevin and
possibly in B.t. sprayed area on the Warm Springs IR this year.
B. From LONNE SOWER-
DFIM Disruption
DFTM disruption tests (Idaho): Incompletely reported to committee last year as
still collecting data in July. Full draft of Final FPM TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
PROGRESS REPORT now available.
A pilot project demonstrating the feasibility of using the mating disruption
technique in an operational suppression project against Douglas-fir tussock
moth was completed. Six, 200-acre plots were established on the Weiser RD,
Payette National Forest. On 3 of the blocks No-Mate DFTM pheromone loaded
in center sealed fibers and mixed with a sticker was applied via helicopter.
Applications were completed during the 3rd week of August 1991. Coverage was
satisfactory and materials performed adequately. Only 16% of emerged females
in treated plots mated and produced fertile eggs vs 72% in untreated plots.
Larval populations declined from about 45.4 larvae/m sq before treatment to
about 8.5 larvae per m sq the season following treatment whereas larval
populations remained about the same in untreated plots. Results were
statistically significant and consistent with those of previous field tests.
Treatment had no measurable effect on capenter ant, western spruce budworm, or
spider populations. No impact was expected on these non-target arthropods and
none was found. An 81% reduction in larvae the next season after treatment
should be considered good efficacy, particularly for a method that has little
adverse environmental impact.
RECOMMENDATION: Defoliator steering committee has recommended registration of
DFTM pheromone be pursued. This should be mentioned again to FPM.
Changes in DFIM survey trap baits
Users will have noticed that the baits for the DFTM survey traps look
different than in previous years. These are a new type bait purchased from
Pherotech rather than the old type manufactured at Corvallis by us. Previous
lots of Pherotech baits were tested against the old baits and had identical
results. The new baits should work the same although the silver color is
something new, why they added the color is a mystery to me too as the previous
baits provided for testing worked just fine. The new baits, just as sent out,
will be tested again this year against the old baits just to be certain we have
things callibrated properly. We will also be doing further tests using the new
baits in a commercially available trap (USDA gypsy moth trap). This trap has
worked OK in the past as long as the ends were left open. The idea here is to
get all commercial products available for tussock moth trapping and hopefully
let MAG and the Corvalis research lab get out of manufacturing.
Some generalities so far regarding the Pherotech baits etc: Pherotech
baits in the past were equal to ours from Klamath Falls north but appeared to
catch more males from Klamath Falls south into California. This indicates that
Pherotechs pheromone was probably purer, and that purity mattered more to
California DFIM.
Other DFITM trapping and related:
Two years ago we placed traps, for other purposes indicated, in an apparently
increasing population of DFTM on the Malheur NF. We placed a transect of
survey plots down a ridge and more or less across the host type for the
population in 1992. Survey methods included traps in standard clusters of 5,
lower crown beating, cryptic shelters, and single traps at 1/4 mile intervals
completely through the host area. The deployment and methods were instigated
by John Wenz who did something similar in CA.
Standard survey traps, cryptic shelters, and single traps all had fairly
high numbers of insects, indicating that the population was approaching
pre-outbreak. Larvae surveys, and visual searches for cocoons did not agree.
We deemed the 1992 larval survey inadequate because it was taken too late in
the season. Single traps at 1/4 mile intervals yeilded the same information as
5-trap clusters, with significantly fewer total traps required to get the
information. All this tends to confirm my own bias that any of the above
survey methods are likely to tell you about the same thing if done consistently
and interpreted with reasonable perspective.
The method that "DID NOT WORK" this time was the old reliable larval beating,
but that was because we applied it incorrectly, not because of anything
inherent in the method.
In 1993 the larval survey was "on-time" and indicated a pre-outbreak
population with some areas over 30 1/1000. Trapping and shelter data will be
collected later in the year.
C From RICK KELSEY-
Douglas-fir as a host for European gypsy moth populations
Over the past decade localized outbreaks of European gypsy moth have occurred
in the forests of Oregon, Washington, and California. At some locations
Douglas-fir has been utilized as a host. Cooperative studies between the
Pacific Northwest Research Station and Oregon State University have been
conducted to evaluate the suitability of Douglas-fir as a host. The soft and
succulent new fir needles in spring are acceptable to first instars, but not
suitable for good growth. Mature fir needles are not acceptable to first
instars because of toughness, but they are more suitable for growth than new
needles. Early instar survival was best when both new and old foliage was
available. Switching II, III, or IV instars from white alder, a suitable host,
to mature Douglas-fir needles increased instar duration and decreased relative
weight gain, but only for the instar switched.
Nitrogen concentrations in Douglas-fir foliage appear to be the most important
nutritional component for gypsy moth growth. Terpenes in the fir tissue seems
to have little affect on larval fitness and growth. The effects of Douglas-fir
phenolics on larval growth have not been clearly demonstrated because the
concentrations are inversely correlated with nitrogen concentrations in fir
foliage, and incorporation of phenolic rich extracts into artificial diet were
toxic, causing unnatural levels of mortality. In the absence of other more
preferred hosts, it appears that the foliage from Douglas-fir could maintain
gypsy moth populations in western forests.
Joseph, G., R.G. Kelsey, A.F. Moldenke, J.C. Miller, R.E. Berry, and J.G.
Wernz. 1993. Effects of nitrogen and Douglas-fir allelochemicals on developemnt
of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar. J. Chem. Ecol. 19: 1245-1263
Joseph, G., and R.G. Kelsey. Submitted. Acceptability and suitability of
Douglas-fir as a secondary host for gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera:
Lymantriidae). Environ. Entomol.
3. LAGRANDE, OR:
A. From TOROLF R. TORGERSEN-
CURRENT EMPHASIS:
1. Dynamics of selected populations of western forest defoliators.
Continuing: (a) Abbreviated life-tables for determination of dynamical
processes influencing long-term population behavior of western spruce
budworm; (b) determining average survivorship for budworm populations in
the Blue Mountains; (c) comparing budworm population trends in carbaryl-
and Bt-treated and untreated areas (John Day suppression project - 1983,
and Meacham Pilot Project - 1988).
2. Predator-prey systems for stabilizing forest insect pests at low densities.
Objectives: To advance the concept of ecological management by describing
features of forest structure, composition, and management practices to
conserve and enhance the role of predation processes in stabilizing
defoliator systems. In particular, characteristics of standing and down
dead wood will be related to the occurrence and composition of predatory
ant communities, the pileated woodpecker, and other dead-wood dependent
avian species that prey on the budworm. Results will potentially influence
standards and guidelines for conservation and recruitment of dead wood
structure in managed stands.
Completed: Field observations on 240 plots in 12 pileated woodpecker home
ranges are complete. The study will describe the number, size, volume, and
species of down logs in the home ranges. The results show relationships of
these paramenters to foraging by woodpecker and occupation of deady woody
material by foliage-foraging ants that prey on western budworm. A
manuscript titled---Occurrence of log-inhabiting cnats in home ranges of
pileated woodpecker in Northeastern Oregon---is in preparation.
New: A study was initiated on the Five-Lock Demonstration Area (North Fork
John Day District, UMA) to census dead woody debris and log-inhabiting ants
in selected managment situations. Represented are: old-growth, ponderosa
pine, riparian areas, clear-cuts, and mixed conifers. One of the objectives
is to compare amounts of down woody debris, woodpecker foraging, and
ant-occurrence between these selected sites, and also compare with similar
information from pileated woodpecker home ranges (see above completed
study). Funded in part by Blue Mountains Natural Resources Institute.
New: A study is underway in a old-growth site that is utilized by pileated
woodpeckers and Vaux's swifts. The site will be selectively logged to
remove some snags and down woody debris to reduce the fire hazard. A
portion of the study will examine characteristics of both living trees and
standing and down dead wood before and after logging. Additional
observations will also document foraging by pileated woodpecker and
occurrence and species composition of the ant complex on the site. Study is
being done in conjuction with the La Grande Ranger District and E. Bull,
Research Wildlife Biologist.
Sampling and monitoring technology.
Completed: A study examining larval distribution in crowns as it affects
sampling. Sixty-three plots/years of data are used to describe how inter-
and intra-tree larval distribution affects sampling of budworm. Results
suggest that densities in the middle of the lower crown of tall trees
(rather than the traditional midcrown) can be used to characterize
populations on whole trees and stands. Data are presented that describes
foliated area of 45-cm tips in mixed and pure stands of the hosts. Paper
titled---Patterns of occurrence and new sampling implications for instar IV
western spruce budworm---in press (Forest Science).
In Progress: Adaptation of Mason's lower crown sampling method to
defoliator sampling in Southeastern Alaska. Relationships of densities of
blackheaded budworm, hemlock sawfly, and other selected defoliators to
whole-tree beating samples are being analized. Work done cooperatively with
Region 10 FPM (R.Mask).
In Progress: Development of equations to relate lower crown sampling
densities of western spruce budworm to midcrown density after treatment
with B.t. Manuscript in preparation. In cooperation with D. Scott, A.
Gillespie, and K. Hosman.
Completed: Fred Schmidt has completed a Station Research Note titled---A
Spruce budworm sampling program for Husky Hunter field data reocrders. The
program is designed to expedited data entry in the field, and to calculate
sampling precision for determining the need for more sampling.
B. From RICHARD R. MASON-
1. Dynamics of Selected Populations of Western Forest Defoliators. These are
continuing long-term studies of the behavior of natural populations of the
western spruce budworm, Douglas-fir tussock, and lodgepole needle miner.
Populations are monitored annually on series of permanent plots representing
parts of national forests or geographical provinces. Some data bases now
include 25+ consecutive years of population data for a species and are now
being analyzed for diagnostic purposes and final publication. A most
significant finding this year is the apparent collapse of a population of the
western spruce budworm which has been in outbreak status in the Blue Mountains
and much of the Pacific Northwest for the last 12 years. Population densities
of nominal 4'th instar budworm on monitoring plots in 1993 declined over 95
percent from'the densities of 1992. Populations of the Douglas-fir tussock
moth also appear to be in decline after going through a population upswing over
the last 3-4 years. We have recorded three such tussock moth cycles since 1971.
2. Predator-Prey Systems for Stabilizing Forest Insect Pests at Low Densities.
These studies concentrate on the relative abundance and diversity of arthropod
predators in relation to the major defoliators. Recent work has emphasized the
arboreal spiders which we believe are highly important predators of tussock
moth and budworm larvae. Unfortunately, very little is known about this group
of arthropods. Cooperative studies in 1992 with the Department of Forestry,
Oregon State University, have shown that important differences may exist in the
structure of arboreal spider communities between forests east and west of the
Cascade Range.
3. Prevention and Control of Insect Pests by Silvicultural Practices. Current
studies emphasize the effect of fertilizer treatments on the impact of tree
defoliation and the dynamics of budworm outbreaks. This is a large scale
cooperative study involving scientists from several disciplines looking at
fertilizer effects on a variety of ecosystem components. Final measurements
are being made in 1993 for this 5-year study with analyses and the reporting of
results planned thereafter
oe Sampling and Monitoring Technology. A simple method for predicting the
density of tussock moth larvae from the density of cocoons in the previous
generation was published in 1993. The technique is based on many years of data
from a wide range of populations and should be useful for forecasting outbreaks
where direct control may be necessary. Another manuscript has been completed
this year that summarizes the most efficient procedures for monitoring tussock
moth and budworm larvae on permanent plots. The recommendations given are
based on many years of studying the abundance and variation of these species in
eastern Oregon and Washington.
C. From BOYD E. WICKMAN-
The Cooperative Study with Tom Swetnam, University of Arizona , tree ring lab,
on long term out break histories of defoliators in the Blue Mountains is about
half finished. The Northern Blue Mountains portion of the study has been
analyzed and is being prepared for publication.
There have been 5 budworm and several tussock moth outbreaks over the past 250
years on most of the 22 old-growth forests sampled. The periodicity and
severity of these outbreaks has been surprising and has implications for
ecosystem management of old growth, mixed conifer forests in the Northern Blue
Mountains. Defoliators are apparently playing an important role as regulators
of primary productivity in true fir and mixed conifer stands.
The relationship of climate prior to, during, and at outbreak collapse is also
being investigated. This is in cooperation with Dick Mason using his long term
population data on fixed plots to determine population dynamic relations to
tree growth responses, particularly lag times, on the same plots.
The Southern Blue Mountains portion of the study has been started under a new
cooperative agreement with Tom Swetnam - cores were collected in July and
August by La Grande Lab personnel and are being prepared for measurements.
Results will be reported next year.
4. ETC.-
Roy Beckwith retired on January 8, 1993.
Boyd Wickman retired on August 3, 1993.
4... cao taxes
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I asa I
The Effect of Two Different Dosages of TM Biocontrol-1
on the Douglas-fir Tussock Moth in Central Idaho
by
Roy C. Beckwith and David G. Grimble
Research Entomologists
Forestry Sciences Laboratory
3200 Jefferson Way
Corvallis, Oregon 97331
and
Julie C. Weatherby
Entomologist
Forest Pest Management, Intermountain Region
1750 Front Street
Boise, Idaho 83702
(Final Report)
The Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata (McDunnough) (DFTM), is a
serious pest in mixed coniferous forests throughout the western United States
and Canada (Wickman et al. 1981). Periodically, dense populations cause heavy
defoliation, reduction in tree growth, top-kill, and tree death. The last
major outbreak in the United States occurred in the Blue Mountains of Oregon,
Washington, and Idaho during 1972-1974. A small outbreak occurred on the Boise
and Sawttoth National Forests in Idaho in 1983 and an intense outbreak over
smaller acreage occurred on the Plumas and Lassen National Forests in
California in the late 1980's.
A nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) was isolated from and tested against the
DFTM (Stelzer et al. 1975, 1977). The NPV was registered in 1976 as T
Biocontrol-1 for use against the DFTM by the Environmental Protection Agency.
The NPV has been produced by Forest Pest Management's Virus Production Facility
Since 1979. In the United States, TM Biocontrol-1 has only been used
operationally on about 1400 acres in New Mexico (Hofacker et al. 1980) and on
2000 acres in Idaho in 1986 (Stipe, personal communication). Since NPV was not
registered for use in California, Bacillus thuringiensis was used to suppress
the outbreak occurring in California during the late 1980's. In the 1980's,
the NPV was tested on small research plots by the Canadian Forestry Service
(Shepherd et al. 1984; Otvos et al. 1987a, 1987b). The production, processing,
freeze-drying, packaging, and storage represents a substantial investment by
the U.S. Forest Service; therefore, it should be tested and used operationally
whenever DFTM populations require direct control.
The more recent packaged NPV stored at Corvallis is considered more potent
than the earlier stored material. Therefore, it is possible that less material
can be used per gallon of spray to achieve adequate population reduction in
field application. The packaged NPV, however, needs to be field-tested before
a reduced dosage can be used operationally. The recent resurgence of the DFTM
in Idaho provided the means to conduct a field test using this packaged
material.
OBJECTIVE
The primary objective of the field evaluation was to compare the efficacy
of different dosages of the TM Biocontrol-1 at a constant spray volumne. To
meet the objective, the variables measured were:
1. Population density changes as a result of aerial treatment.
2. Short-term persistence on coniferous foliage.
3. Long-term persistence of the NPV in soil.
METHODS
The field test was a cooperative effort between Forest Pest Management,
Region 4, the Boise National Forest, and the Pacific Northwest Research
Station. The Washington Office of Forest Pest Management, Forest Service
provided partial funding to conduct the study.
The study was conducted on the Boise Ranger District, northwest of
Featherville, Idaho. Fifteen 16-hectare (40 acre) plots were selected within
the general study site (Table 1). The study plots were established in five
blocks; each block contained three plots. Within each block, the two
treatments and an untreated check were randomly assigned to the plots (Fig.1);
therefore, five replicates were established for each of the following:
3
Figure 1. Schematic drawing of one test block showing randomly selected
treatment plots, Boise National Forest, Idaho.
Normal dosage in 9.3 liters per hectare.
0.5 normal dosage in 9.3 liters per hectare.
Untreated check
The spray was applied by helicopter that had been calibrated by James
Warner, Siuslaw National Forest, at the McMinneville Airport prior to delivery
at the spray site. The spray mixture sans the virus was used in the
calibration. A Hiller-Soloy helicopter equipped with a standard boom and six
360A Beecomist rotary atomizers was used for spray application. The helicopter
applied the microbial insecticide at about 95 mph airspeed at an elevation of
50 feet above the forest canopy.
The first spray application on the lower elevation plots occurred on July
12th; the last spray was applied on July 16. Both treated plots in any one
block were sprayed the same day; only one block was completed in a day. Plot
corners were marked with blaze-orange panels at each corner; the two corners
delineating the first flight line were also marked with balloons above the
forest canopy for pilot orientation.
Sampling
Larval samples were taken within 48 hours prior to spray application and
again 21 days after spraying to determine population densities on all plots.
Density values were obtained from 30 randomly selected trees per plot using the
lower crown beating method (Mason 1987). The tree species were sampled
according to their proportion in the stand. The lower elevation plots were
primarily Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menzeisii var. glauca, and the highest
5
plots were primarily subalpine fir, Abies lasiocarpa. Five DFTM larvae per
sample tree were reared individually in Lok-Tight petri dishes to determine
natural mortality from the prespray sample. In addition, five DFTM larvae per
sample tree were collected from the 21-day postspray sample and reared to
determine the natural mortality plus NPV-caused mortality rate.
Foliage bioassay samples were taken at periodic intervals from 15 trees per
plot to determine residual activity of the NPV. The samples were collected
from mid-crown using a pole pruner immediately after the spray application and
at 1-, 5-, and 10-days postspray. Current shoots from each tree were excised
into a 200 ml plastic cup and stocked with ten 2nd-3rd instars obtained from a
disease-free laboratory colony. The cups were examined after 14 days to record
mortality; all dead larvae were examined under a compound microscope to verify
death by NPV.
Defoliation
Estimates for each plot were obtained during the postspray sampling by
estimating the defoliation on 25 shoots (new foliage) for each of two branches
per tree. Defoliation classes for estimating each shoot were: (1 = O - 25%; 2 =
26 - 50%; 3 = 51 - 75%; 4 = 76 - 100%). The data were used to compute the
average defoliation for each plot.
Persistence In Soil
The persistence of NPV in the soil was determined by using the established
method of Thompson and Scott (1979). NPV extracted from the soil samples would
include the NPV sprayed on the stand as well as virus added by dying larvae
after spray application. Soil samples were collected prespray, postspray
during the postspray larval sampling and in 1992. Fifteen soil samples per
plot were taken beneath the drip-line of every other sample tree. The soil was
6
processed at the Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Corvallis, OR. A standard
bioassay using disease-free DFTM larvae reared in the laboratory was conducted
to determine the presence of the NPV. All dead larvae were examined under a
compound microscope to verify death by NPV.
Results and Discussion
The spring and early summer of 1991 was unseasonably cold resulting in a
delay in hatching of the DFTM. General eclosion did not occur until late in
June or early in July depending upon the elevation. Spraying started on July
12 and was completed by July 16. The population was primarily composed of 2nd
instars with a few lst and 3rd instars. Only one block of two treatments was
completed in any one day.
Population density
Mean prespray larval density per 45-cm branch based on lower crown beating
ranged from 23.1 to 39.3 for the half-dose treatment to the untreated
checks,respectively. Because of the variation (Table 2) the treatment means
were not significantly different. Population densities taken 21 days after
spray application were lower than prespray densities but still higher than
expected. The percentage of NPV infected larvae in our postspray rearings
(Table 3) was fairly high for all treatments indicating that control was
probably better than shown by the postspray sampling. The percentage of
NPV-infected larvae collected per plot averaged 31.9, with a range of 10.7 to
66.2 %. The control plots also contained a relatively high level of virus
(4.9%) in the postspray rearings. Obviously this resulted from an increase of
naturally occurring virus.
Defoliation
Defoliation of the current growth in 1991 ranged from 28.6 to 100 percent.
Treatment means ranged from 49.5 to 67.8 percent for the normal dose and
untreated checks respectively (Table 4). The treatment means were not
significantly different because of the variance within treatment.
Virus in soil
The laboratory bioassay of soil collected before spraying showed that
slightly over half the study plots contained a low percentage of naturally
occurring virus (Table 5). As expected, a general increase occurred in the
1991 postspray soil samples as a result of the application, the natural virus,
and the addition of the virus from dead larvae. Samples obtained the year
after spraying indicated a high incidence of the virus in the bioassay. This
high percentage is indicative of a general collapse of the DFTM population in
the study site. It also makes it difficult to interpret the spray test because
of the buildup of virus in our untreated check plots.
Bioassay
Because of the apparent poor control by the NPV in 1991, a bioassay was
conducted to determine the be required for two "wild strains" versus the
standard Goose Lake strain maintained at the Corvallis Laboratory. Egg masses
were collected from two different locations in Idaho in the fall of 1991 and
kept under cold temperatures until diapause requirements were completed. One
area was adjacent to the general area of the 1991 field test; the other was
near Ketchum, Idaho where the infestation probably developed one year after the
area around Featherville, Idaho. We only had enough insects to conduct one
8
bioassay using two replicates of 30 insects for each dilution per population.
The bioassay consisted of six dilutions from 44 to 1.37 ng/cup plus an
untreated control. The data were subjected to probit analyses using the POLO
program for a PC. The results indicated that the slopes were parallel for each
population but the LD. 9s were different. It required 1.82, 3.26 and 8.84
ng/cup for the Goose Lake, Featherville, and Ketchum populations respectively
to kill 50% of the test animals. This indicates a large difference in the
amount of NPV required to kill the different populations.
PIGE
Number
OWN WNF
WO COn~7
10
did
12
13
14
15
Appendix
against the Douglas-fir tussock moth in Idaho.
WW
oa a a WE
ey Sr
Location
\O CO.\O O10 10 \O 10 \O
RRP
oO Or@
Elevation
(Meters )
1829
1890
1725
1829
1829
1982
1951
2012
2073
1829
1829
2195
1890
1829
1829
Treatment
Normal
None
Half
None
Normal
Half
Half
None
Normal
Half
Normal
None
None
Normal
Half
Table i. Plot location, elevation, and spray date for the TM Biocontrol-1 test
Spray
Date
iy L27 94
(eye:
df APOE
iy LO OL
giakey (oh
gi 91
play 91
7713792
TP13/91
Sn emmenmmeniermmeeer
10
= SEE eHeseOSE se OSE SB SB SB SB SB 2B 2B 2 2
Table 2. Mean number of Douglas-fir tussock moth larvae per 45-cm branch
collected by lower crown beating during a WPV-rate study on the Boise
National Forest, Idaho.
Plot 1991 1991 1992
Treatment Number Prespray Postspray Postspray
5 4.3 sup 6.6
5 18.8 1953 E22
Normal 9 54.7 Bie Miles
Gl 8.6 4.3 45
14 34.7 Beg ook
Treatment Mean 24.24 14.40 Tie
1 ea 4.9 ey
6 22.6 9.8 24.6
Half 7 AW 4 28.5 24 .3
10 24e7 6.8 2 Mi
15 10.9 1450 25.9
Treatment Mean Dome 12.80 21 s2
2 age 20.0 31.6
4 16.5 Gal ae a)
Check 8 79.4 50.1 8.5
12 2302 3374 1523
13 Ku .O 2180 1357
Treatment Mean 39.26 26.46 22.02
Based on 3, 45-cm branches per tree; 30 trees per plot.
Le
Table 3. Percentage of ose containg the nuclear polyhedrosis virus in
rearings collected before and after spray application, Boise National
Forest, 1991.
Plot
Treatment Number Prespray Postspray
Ze
SL.
pbs
54.
35.
Ay,
Normal
FrRwovIWw
1
1
CiOl@ —~i—@
©o
FM hHO~4A Oh
ON
Treatment Mean
ZU
29.
en):
38.
250
35.
Half
NON nar
el
1
FOL esi aN) WOFNM OO
MONO FWwrA
No
Treatment Mean
10.
33.
66.
30.
19.
eh
Check
WN OF Ph
=
ie
1
FrrNMAO
WO~7IW O-~] ©
aes
Al iss5;
Treatment Mean
NOI Os On! te: AISI
Prespray based on 150 larvae per plot; postspray sample ranged from 96 to
PoUe arvACsperaDLoL.
Ua
Table 4. Mean percent defoliation of new growth by the Douglas-fir tussock moth
taken twenty one days after spray application, Boise National Forest,
Idaho.
Treatment Plot Percent
Number Defoliation
I escent tinea | ince! j
a fe eS
Normal
FrRrwOVvIW
RR
Half
rh
WOnN ne
Check
ao
Wh CO Fh
34.
41.
89.
28.
5a.
Treatment Mean 49,
35.
i Gle
oie
Be.
39.
Treatment Mean 54.
48,
33.
92.
100.
64.
Treatment Mean 67.
FO MOOVI~A fF OOOO C
CO1OW O WH AW
peaeed on 25 shoots per branch; two branches per tree; 30 trees per plot.
13
Table 5. Papsentace: of NPV in laboratory bioassays of soil collected from
the test plots during the TM Biocontrol-1 test in Idaho.
Treatment PLOG 1991 1992
Number Prespray Postspray Postspray
3 0.0 13.6 61.5
5 0.9 24.8 O73
Normal 9 it 2 8 fa H S125
te 0.0 Z20R7 ge
14 On0. LTO 93.6
102 28.56 78.40
1 0.2 13.6 54.3
6 0.0 O71 ffeier
Half ¢ 6.0 oe? 86.9
10 0.0 48.5 57-3
15 iheal 9.9 75.6
1.46 24 .66 70.56
a 0.0 10+2 Cn 7
4 OF0 sess 84.7
None 8 0.6 32.9 89.3
v2 0.0 5.6 89.1
13 Ba 2Pi2 Seis
0.80 16.34 TT 42
Based on 15 soil samples per plot; 30 test larvae per sample.
14
Bruce Hostetler
R-6
Region 6 Report to National Steering Committee for
Management of Western Defoliators
September 30, 1993
Western Spruce Budworm
Budworm defoliation was detecton on approximately 3.3 million acres in Oregon
and Washington during the 1992 aerial detection survey. Preliminary estimates
are that only 0.5 to 0.7 million acres were detected in Region 6 in 1993, with
only about 60,000 of that occurring in Oregon along the eastern slope of the
Cascade Mountains. No defoliation was detected in the Blue Mountains of
northeastern Oregon.
One suppression project covering 64,000 acres was conducted in 1993 on the Warm
Spring Indian Reservation. Insecticide application began on June 19 and was
completed on July 19. Budworm development was slower than normal due to a
cool, wet spring and early summer.
Pre-treatment budworm poplations for the three analysis untes ranged from 3.3
to 7.1 larvae per 45-cm branch midcrown branch tip, and post-treatment
populaitons ranged from 0.5 to 0.8 larvae per branch. Population reductions,
as determined by pre- and post-treatment larval sampling, were 86, 93, and 94
percent (uncorrected for natural mortality) for the three analysis units. The
project objective was to reduce the budworm populations by at least 90 percent.
Budworm larval population levels were estimated for several potential analysis
units on the Mt. Hood, Willamette, Colville and Wenatchee National Forests.
Only two areas had high enough populations to warrant sampling of adult males
using pheromone traps. Determination of whether to continue with the analysis
process will be made after all data have been collected and analyzed.
Measuring of defoliation, topkill, and mortality of trees in the 33 stands with
permanent plots is being done for the eighth consecutive year. These stands
are located on the Malheur and Wallowa-Whitman National Forests in northeastern
Oregon. We plan to format the data to be compatible with the new PTIPS
software being developed by MAG. We hope that some preliminary analysis of
these data can be accomplished this winter. We plan to collect tree growth
data from these plots in 1995 or 1996, three or four years after the budworm
populations have decreased to low levels.
Ecologists from the Mt. Hood and Willamette National Forests are collecting
increment cores from old trees in several stands along the Cascade Crest.
These cores will be examined using established dendrochronology techniques to
try and determine the patterns of previous budworm outbreaks. If this
preliminary data shows promise, more stands may be sampled in the future.
All budworm defoliation data for Region 6 since the start of the current
outbreak (1980) are being entered into our geographic information system. We
hope to do some spatial analyses of these data in the future.
Douglas-fir Tussock Moth
‘Defoliation was detected during on 7,500 acres on the Malheur National Forest
in 1992, and on approximately 46,000 acres in 1993. Predictions are that this
population will collapse in 1994 due to natural mortality factors.
Modoc Budworm
Defoliation was detected on 30,000 acres in southern Oregon in 1992. No
defoliation was detected in 1993.
Western Hemlock Looper
Western hemlock looper was detected on a little over 2,000 acres on the Mt.
Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest in 1992. In 1993 it was detected on
approximately 35,000 acres scattered across the Mt. Baker and Darrington Ranger
Districts. Some understory hemlocks have been killed, and a few larger
hemlocks appear to be dead in some of the more severely defoliated pockets.
Much of the defoliation is located within northern spotted owl Habitat
Conservation Areas.
, ,
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Ladd Livingston
Idaho Dept. of Lands
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P.O. BOX 670, COEUR D'ALENE, IDAHO 83816-0670
IDAHO DEPARTMENT OF LANDS | >
oe Oe
er
STANLEY F. HAMILTON BOARD OF LAND
DIRECTOR COMMISSIONERS
CECIL D. ANORUS
Governor
PETE T. CENARRUSA
Secretary of State
LARRY ECHOHAWK
Attorney General
J.D. WILLIAMS
State Auditor
Jack Barry, Program Manager Supt of Public
USDA Forest Service ee gee
2Z1Z\CeSBRGCONDistesten!02
Davis, CA 95616 2 September 1993
Dear Jack,
Enclosed are my listing of needs and interests for defoliators. I forgot to give youa copy at the
meeting. I have also included a report which I prepared outlining the incidence of defoliating,
or foliage feeding insects in Idaho. I appreciate participating in the Western Defoliator
Steering Committee and being able to attend the meeting.
Sincerely,
cad
R. Ladd Livingston, Supervisor
Insect and Disease Section
KEEP IDAHO GREEN
PREVENT WILDFIRE
EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER
WESTERN DEFOLIATOR STEERING COMMITTEE MEETING
24 - 25 August, 1993 Sacramento, CA
Technology development needs/interests
R. Ladd Livingston, Idaho Department of Lands
REEVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF TM BIOCONTROL - | FOR THE
DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH. TEST IT AGAINST WILD POPULA-
TIONS
DEVELOP A STANDARDIZED PROCEDURE FOR CONDUCTING A
COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS FOR A TREATMENT PROJECT
DEVELOP A STANDARDIZED PROCEDURE FOR PLANNING AND
CONDUCTING A TREATMENT PROJECT
PROMOTE USE OF THETI-59 CALIBRATION PROGRAM DEVELOPED
BY DAN TWARDUS AND STEPHEN SMITH
DEVELOPAND” TEST SCHEMES TO” DETERMINE THE MOST
EFFECTIVE USE OF THE PHEROMONE CONFUSANT TECHNIQUES
FOR DFIM, ie. SHOULD THEY BE USED EARLY IN THE OUTBREAK
CYCLE, OR CAN THEY BE USED AT ANYTIME
DEVELOP SILVICULTURAL MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR
DFTM AND WSBW
PROMOTE FURTHER WORK TO TEST THE SUITABILITY OF NATIVE
WESTERN PLANTS, ESPECIALLY CONIFERS AND RIPARIAN AREA
HARDWOODS, TO BOTH EUROPEAN AND ASIAN STRAINS OF THE
GYPSY MOTH.
STATE OF IDAHO REPORT
TO THE WESTERN DEFOLIATOR STEERING COMMITTEE
AUGUST 24-25, 1993
R. Ladd Livingston
Status of defoliators
Gypsy moth
In 1992 a total of 4953 gypsy moth survey traps were placed in Idaho by all cooperators.
There were three confirmed gypsy moth catches at widely separated sites; one each at
Filer in south-central Idaho, and Shelly in south eastern Idaho, and one in northern
Idaho at Pinehurst. For 1993, approximately the same number of traps have been
placed, but checks of the traps will not be finished until mid to late September.
Douglas-fir moth
There has been no visible defoliation by Douglas-fir tussock moth in northern Idaho for
several years. We are continuing to monitor populations using the early-warning
pheromone baited survey traps, lower crown beating plots and in some areas, counts of
pupae. Pheromone trap counts in 1992 indicated a slight population increase in a few
localized areas in northern Idaho, but only two larvae were found in a spring 1993 lower
crown beating survey of these sites.
Black pineleaf scale
We have acontinuing population of the black pineleaf scale in the Clearwater Valley
of northern Idaho, upstream from Lewiston. This insect has caused the decline of
thousands of trees, and in certain sites there has been substantial tree mortality, most
of which has been removed in salvage efforts.
Pine needle sheath miner
In 1992, there was an extensive outbreak of the pine needle sheath miner infesting both
ponderosa and lodgepole pine, from the Canadian border south to the Salmon River.
In 1993 there has not been any damage show up.
Western tussock moth
In 1992, there was extensive defoliation of brush species by the western tussock moth
from the Canadian border south into the St. Joe River drainage. Huckleberry was a
preferred host, and even the berries themselves were consumed, much to the disgust of
the local berry pickers. In areas where the foliage of the brush was completely
consumed, the caterpillars moved onto adjacent conifers and caused light defoliation
in the lower crown. Western white pine, lodgepole pine, western larch, and grand fir
were the conifers most readily feed on. In 1993, the populations seem to have collapsed.
Willow leaf beetle
High populations of an unidentified leaf beetle were found skeletonizing willow and
cottonwood near Priest Lake in northern Idaho in 1992.
Elm leaf beetle
This insect continues to cause extensive damage to the elms in Boise. Occasionally it is
found in other cities throughout Idaho.
Dave Rising
MTDC
MTDC PROGRAM BRIEFING
Forest Pest Management
Technical Services (FPM) - TE02P18
Aircraft Guidance - 3E12P73
Block Marking Methods Guide - 3E12P92
Characterizing Spray From Ground Sprayers - 3E22P80
Ground & Aerial Pheromone Applicator Evaluation - 3E22P82
Thermal Insect Control - 3E32P11
Technology Transfer of Computer Models - 5E52P29
Program Leader: David W. Rising
Mechanical Engineer
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MESSAGE SCAN FOR BARRY, JACK
To Barry, Jack:RO5H
From: Lonne L. Sower:S26L05A
Postmark: + Jun, 045.93 e144, PM Delivered: Jun 04,93 1:42 PM
Status: Certified Previously read
Subject: DFIM disruption
wr ere ee we we we we we ew ewe we ewe ew wm ew we ew ew we ew ew we ewe ewe we ew ew ew ewe we ewe ee ewe ew ee ew ww ew wwe ew ewe ew ew ew wm ee we sc me www we ew wm wee ec ew eo @
Comments:
Attached is a final report for a pilot test of tussock moth
disruption done in Idaho and completed last year. Results were
pretty good and consistent with previous tests.
FPM TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT PROGRESS REPORT
PROJECT NUMBER: R4-91-100
PROJECT TITLE: Cooperative Pilot Test Using Synthetic Pheromone to Disrupt
Mating of Douglas-fir Tussock Moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata.
PROJECT STATUS: Planned work was completed on schedule. Some discretionary
follow up, further consideration of data, and publication of results will
finish the project. No additional funds are requested.
SUBJECT: Douglas-fir tussock moth
RESPONSIBLE REGION: R-4
FPM PERSON LEADING THE PROJECT: Julie Weatherby, State and Private Forestry
USDA-FS, Boise Field Office, 1750 Front st., Boise, ID 83/702.
DATE OF THIS REPORT: “Aug. 1992,
PROJECT OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate the feasibility of using the mating
disruption technique to control Douglas-fir tussock moth. Also, to determine
the effect, if any, on selected non-target arthropods.
RESPONSIBLE PARTIES: Overall coordinator- Julie Weatherby. Planning and data
management- Lonne Sower, PNW Station USDA-FS, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis OR,
97331. Materials and application equipment- Iain Weatherston, Scentry Inc.,
Billings MT and Charles Doan, Scentry, Inc., Buckeye, AZ. Land managers-
Michael Stayton and Sue Stafford. Weiser Ranger District, Payette National
Forest, Weiser ID.
FIRST YEAR FUNDED: FY91
YEAR SCHEDULED TO END: FY93
ACTUAL YEAR TO END: EXY9S
FUNDS OBLIGATED: Funds obligated from beginning of project through end of
FY92: Approximate $44,000 was spent during FY91. Approximately $6,000 was
spent during FY92.
PRODUCTS AND DUE DATES IDENTIFIED IN THE ORIGINAL PROPOSAL: Final report, due
December 20, 1992.
STATUS OF PRODUCTS: On schedule
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT: Six, 200-acre plots were,established in the Hitt
mountains, Weiser RD, Payette National Forest. No-Mate DFIM pheromone
loaded in center sealed fibers and mixed with a sticker was applied via
helicopter to 3 plots in August, 1991. Dose was 10g/acre of
Z-6-heneicosen-ll-one, the synthetic DFTM pheromone, with 90g/acre of inert
material. Pre-treatment larval populations were sampled in July, 1991 by lower
crown beating of 40 trees per plot. A post-treatment sample was taken in June
1992. Counts of selected non-target arthropods were taken with the larval
samples. Cocoons and egg masses were collected from branches in October 1991
to determine oviposition rates of females.
The treated population had the following known characteristics: Host trees
were true firs, douglas firs, and occasional Engleman spruce. Before the start
of tests the tussock moth larval population averaged 35 larvae/m sq of
foliage. These larvae were mostly 2nd or 3rd instar at the time of sampling.
Samples of cocoons from the treated generation indicated 19% of females emerged
as adults, 48% were killed by parasitic insects, and 33% died of indeterminate
causes. Wild tussock moth virus was present in the population and 13% of
larvae emerging from the eggs collected in fall 1991 were infected.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND RESULTS: Applications were completed
in mid Aug. 1991. Coverage appeared good and timely (Table 1). Materials
performed adequately with considerable pheromone material remaining in
releasors at the end of the season. This was expected, but indicates that the
formulation has potential for improved efficiency. Application equipment is
non-standard and applicators will require technical assistance to install and
use it the first time.
Treatment reduced the next years larvae population by about 81% in treated
vs check plots (Table 2) and in treated plots only 16% of emerged females
produced fertile eggs vs 72% in untreated plots (Table 3). Results are
statistically significant and consistent with those of previous tests.
Treatment had no measurable effect on carpenter ants (Camponotus spp.),
western spruce budworms (Choristoneura occidentalis), or spiders (Table 2).
DFTM eggs collected from some locations in both treated and check plots
harbored significant numbers of a beneficial parasite, Trichogramma sp.
probably minutum. Interestingly, sterile egg masses produced about as many
Trichogramma as fertile masses. Previous tests showed no adverse impact on
populations of another DFTM egg parasite, Telenomus californicus.
In sum, mating disruption treatment has substantial impact on Douglas-fir
tussock moth populations and is unlikely to effect non-traget arthropods.
Preservation of beneficial insects should result in further pressure on the
tussock moth population in the next year. Efficacy is arguably as good, or
better, than for most of the alternatives such as B.t., or conventional
pesticides, but probably lower than that of the DFIM virus at high population
densities where virus is likely most effective.
VARIANCES FROM ORIGINAL PROTOCOLS: Work was completed on time and as planned
with these exceptions. Plots were 200 acres not 330 acres. Cocoon samples
were taken from 15 rather than 20 trees in each plot. 6 marked larvae sampling
trees (of 40) in treated plot 1 were lost to logging.
ATTACHMENTS: Three data tables and a copy of those portions of the original
work plan dealing with protocols are attached.
Table 1: Distribution of male flight and residual pheromone in fibers through
1991 season. 5 sets of 5 traps with 0.1% baits were placed in the general
study area, but away from treated plots, and tended weekly beginning 8/14/91.
9,264 moths were caught total. Traps were replaced if several moths were
present. Releasors were located in treated plot 1, they were found on fir
foliage following treatment and marked with flagging. Each week, 4 releasors
were gathered and sent to the lab for residue analysis.
Week te AGA 442: BUTS GHA, SITES MEO A, "EY, BOR RMELO
% Catch 0 Loo ore oo 26 pe a8) hee mes
% Residual UO a9 67 99 59 42 42 Sih 56
pheromone*
*Average from 4 fibers each date, 293 microgram/fiber=100%.
Table 2. Efficacy of Douglas-fir tussock moth disruption as indicated by lower
crown beating samples: Beating counts for DFIM larvae and other insects as
obtained from Hitt mtn. plots before treatment in July, 1991 and after
treatment in June 1992. Samples were taken from 3 branches from each of 40
trees per plot and the same trees were sampled both years. Each branch sampled
had about 1/3 m sq of foliage.
Items per meter square of foliage
Plot DFITM Carpenter Spiders Budworm
larvae ants (any) larvae
Check 2 LOOT 3a: 0.09 4.41 36.4
1992 13.4 0.65 1.65 48.9
Check 5 Loe NS yas) 3.00 Ze19 825
Loo. 44.4 3.24 4.35 29.2
Check 6 139% 16.4 0799 2.49 16.8
19972 14.5 2.02 2.94 Hel) fae
Mean ieee age ol 136 305 200
1292 24.1 2a Nokes 39.4
Treat l Mekel 45.3 0.36 Lend 69.0
od 2 tao 186 Zn Bia
Treat 4 WEE 44.1 0236 210 24.6
1992 4.6 2S figet hs! 34.7
Treat 8 1992: 46 29 0.60 1.14 18.9
199 2 18.8 Dia) 28594 79.4
Mean 1991 45.4 0.42 267 a 25
1992 5.25 205 250 48.4
Efficacy @ mo[ittr-) G8.5745., 4) £2401 /25)11))] 1L00=n81 2).
As determined by analysis of covariance (1991 items vs 1992 items in checks vs
treated plots) the effect of treatment on DFTM larvae was significant with F =
24 at 1/3 df and P = 0.02. Treatment had no statistically significant effect on
budworms, carpenter ants, or spiders. Eight sampled trees from plot 8 may have
been just outside of the treated area but were included. Deletion of those
trees would increase the efficacy estimate slightly.
Table 3: Efficacy of Douglas-fir tussock moth disruption as indicated by egg
Mass survey: Collected November 1991. Corrected for sterile egg masses (= no
emergence after diapause). Six branches (1.5-2 m long) per tree and 15 trees
per plot were sampled for cocoons. Total Cocoons are what we found from all
branches in each plot, these include male cocoons and dead cocoons. Emerged
Females = those cocoons from which a female emerged based on presence of eggs,
or on dissection of the cocoon and examination of pupal exuva to determine sex
and successful emergence. sterile Eggs = number of egg masses, including
"spews" of just a few eggs, producing no larvae after holding through a
diapause period (5 months at 0 deg C). Fertile Eggs = egg masses producing
larvae after holding through diapause. % females reproducing = no of fertile
egg masses divided by number of emerged females times 100.
Plot Total Emerged sterile Fertile % females
Cocoons Females Eggs Eggs reproducing
Check 2 15 8 ML 2) 63%
Check 5 205 26 8 1 73%
Check 6 83 16 1 Ls 81%
Mean = 72.3%
Treat 52 8 4 0 0%
Treat 4 105 ugk T3 6 26%
Treat 8 180 62 sak cS PC:
Mean = 16.3%
Efficacy = [1- (16.3/72.3)]100 = 77%.
Females in check vs treated plots produced significantly different percentages
of fertile eggs (Fo =j33.2, P = <0. .0l9 DF = 1/4. Fores223% in check SD = 9503"
For 16.3% in treated SD = 14.2%).
Note: sterile egg masses are characteristic of pheromone treated plots. Some
of these sterile egg masses can be identified by small size and rough
appearance, particularly those very small masses we call "spews" which are
found almost exclusively in pheromone treated areas. Identification of sterile
masses by appearance alone however is not completely reliable. The best check
for fertility is to hold all egg masses through diapause and then see whether
larvae emerge.
-Work Plan-
Cooperative Pilot Test Using Synthetic Pheromone to Disrupt Mating of
Douglas-fir Tussock Moth
Cooperators: Deleted, listed on report, LS.
Approved:
Forest Supervisor Project Leader
Payette National Forest PNW
Boise Field Office Rep.
FPM
-WORK PLAN-
Cooperative Pilot Test Using Synthetic Pheromone to Disrupt Mating of
Douglas-fir Tussock Moth
INTRODUCTION
The Douglas-fir tussock moth is a potentially serious defoliator of
Douglas-fir and true fir in western North America. Several Outbreaks have been
documented in southern Idaho since 1927 (Tunnock et al. 1985).
In 1990 approximately 50,000 acres of defoliation was detected during
aerial detection surveys (Knapp et al. 1991). Most of the defoliation was
located within a 15 mile radius of Featherville, Idaho in Elmore County.
Additional defoliation was detected in the Manns Creek drainages in Washington
County.
Tussock moths overwinter in the egg stage. Larvae hatch and begin feeding
in June. Defoliation is not noticeable until mid-July when the larvae reach
the later instars and consume considerable foliage. Pupation occurs in late
July or early August. Pupal cocoons are usually found on the underside of
branches but under extremely heavy populations pupal cocoons can be found in
bark crevices on the boles of trees, on rocks or just about anywhere. Adults
emerge in August. Male tussock moths have well developed wings and are
relatively good fliers. Female moths have vestigal wing pads and are unable to
fly. Females emerge from their cocoons, crawl to the outer surfaces, and begin
producing a pheromone which attracts males for the purpose of mating. Eggs are
laid on the outer surfaces of the pupal cocoon where they can be found during
the winter.
Research efforts to disrupt tussock moth mating by inundating the treatment
area with synthetically produced pheromone sources have shown promise as a
suppression alternative. Field trials reported by Sower and Daterman (1977),
Sower, et al. (1983) and Sower et al. (1990) established that a 70 percent
reduction of reproduction in high density populations occurs when pheromone is
released at 10 grams per acre. Lower rates (0.81 - 3.64 g/ac) produce lower
effects. Limited tests also suggested that at much lower insect population
densities, higher efficacy might be obtained (Sower and Daterman 1977).
Here we describe a work plan for a cooperative pilot test using synthetic
pheromone to disrupt mating of Douglas-fir tussock moth.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Project Area: This pilot project is planned for areas within and adjacent to
the Manns Creek drainages on the Weiser Ranger District, Payette National
Forest. Implementation of the project is contingent on DFTM populations
continuing to increase toward outbreak levels. Desirable population levels for
treatment are 20 to 130 larvae per 1,000 square inches of foliage as detected
by larval sampling in early summer.
Treatment Design: The intent is to treat at least 3 plots of approximately 330
acres each with a single dosage of pheromone. If treatment plots are less than
330 acres additional replications will be identified. Total treated acreage
will not exceed 1,000 acres. An equal number of comparable untreated plots
will be designated. Individual plot size and shape will be determined by local
geography and pest distribution. All treatments will be assigned at random.
The formulated pheromone and specialized aerial application equipment will
be obtained from Scentry, Inc. per a Technology Transfer Agreement between the
Forest Service and Scentry, Inc. The proposed dosage is 10 grams of pheromone
per acre in 50 to 100 grams of hollow celcon fibers coated with 0.33 pints of
polybutene sticker per acre. The pheromone is loaded into fibers and packaged
into sealed _ 1b containers for shipping. The product will be shipped to the
Weiser Ranger District approximately _ weeks before the application for
temporary storage. The polybutene sticker will also be shipped to the Weiser
Ranger District in gallon containers. The polybutene sticker is mixed with
the fibers in the field using a hand mixer.
Plot Designation: All plots will be designated on aerial resource
photography. Boundaries will be marked on the ground with ground panels and,
where necessary, boundaries will be designated with flourescent plastic panels
raised to the tops of the trees. The trails into the plots, the corners trees,
and the sample trees will be flagged at eye level in order to facilitate their
relocation.
Application Procedures: Applications will be done by helicopter fitted with
special application equipment developed by Scentry, Inc. Two application pods
will be installed on the helicopter and run off of the aircraft hydraulic
system. The decision concerning the makes and models of helicopters acceptable
for use on this project will be made by the project director with consensus
from the District Ranger, the Air Operations Officer on the Forest, and
personnel from Scentry, Inc. This decision will be reached based on an
assessment of the specific terrain to be sprayed and the application system
requirements.
Heliports will be designated on forest transportation maps and on aerial
resource photography. The Forest Aviation Officer will assist in the selection
of all heliports and will approve all heliports for use.
Treatment Schedule: Treatments will occur coincident with, or up to 10 days
before, the first emergence of adult Douglas-fir tussock moths from cocoons
(usually between August 1 and 15). Twenty pheromone traps baited with
detection strength baits will be deployed in the treatment areas in order to
- monitor male moth emergence. Traps will be monitored weekly beginning in late
July through late September. The total number of moths captured per trap per
week will be recorded.
Sampling Plan: Efficacy will be evaluated by sampling larval population
density on foliage pre- (1991) and post- (1992) treatment in control versus
treated plots. We plan to sample 40 trees scattered through each plot using a
lower crown beating method similar to those of Shepherd (1985) and Mason
(1979). Three 18-inch green branches per tree located approximately 5 feet
above the ground will be beaten over a cloth. The total number of larvae from
all three branches per tree will be counted and recorded. Samples will be
taken in June and an attempt will be made to coincide sampling with peak second
instar larval densities. Trees sampled in 1991 will be flagged and sampled
again in 1992. Numbers of larvae from lower-crown branch samples will be
compared in terms of the ratio of 1992 larvae to 1991 larvae using Abbot's
formula. In addition, rough counts of other arthropods (identified at the
Order or Family level) falling on beating sheets will be kept as indices of the
effect of pheromone disruption on non-target species. It is assumed that
pheromone disruption will have no impact on arthropods other than the tussock
moth.
The relative rate of fertile egg production per female will also be
determined in check versus treated plots. This method of estimating efficacy
is a contingency in case larval populations begin to crash, due to natural
causes unrelated to treatment, before the 1992 sampling. The egg sample has
another advantage in that it can be completed several months before larval
samples. A disadvantage is increased potential for bias. Egg samples are more
labor intensive than larval samples, and so less geographic area will be
covered in a plot. Further, there is some potential for vertical bias since
cocoons high in trees, which could respond differently to treatment, will not
be sampled.
Cocoons will be collected from the bottom 6 meters of 20 trees scattered
through each plot. The cocoon collection will be made by November of 1991.
Ten cocoons will be removed from each tree with a pole pruner. Cocoons will
then be examined and the sex and status of each (male/female, emerged/deceased,
egg mass/no egg mass) will be determined. Egg mass counts will be made for
each cocoon from which a female emerged. Eggs will be refrigerated at 5 C
for 5 months to break diapause, then larvae will be allowed to hatch to
determine fertility of eggs. This is necessary because females prevented from
mating will sometimes lay infertile egg masses. The criterion of efficacy will
be the number of larvae hatching from eggs per emerged female in check versus
treated plots.
To monitor pheromone loss through the season, fibers filled with pheromone
will be found on foliage, and their location marked, at the time of
application. At 2 week intervals, 5 fibers will be collected. Pheromone will
be extracted in the laboratory by cutting fibers in pieces, and soaking the
pieces in hexane. Residual pheromone in the extract will be measured by gas
chromatography.
Statistical Analysis: All data of the same kind from subsamples from a single
plot will be combined and treated as one replicate. A completely randomized
analysis of variance will be used to compare means of control versus treated
plots. Data reported as percentages (egg masses per female) and proportions
(larvae will be transformed by the arcsine before analysis. All analyses will
be done after of Snedecor & Cochran (1967). Where efficacy is discussed in
terms of reproduction rates, percent control = 1 - (mean egg mass per cocoon
treated/ mean egg mass per cocoon check)* 100. For efficacy based on beating
samples, percent control = 1 - {(larvae per plot treated 1992/larvae per plot
treated 1991)/(larvae in check plot 1992/larvae in check 1991 plot) ]*100.
There will be a minimum of 3 treated plots and 3 check plots with treatment
assigned to plots at random.
10
WORK SCHEDULE AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Deleted, LS
LITERATURE CITED
Knapp, A., J. Weatherby, J. Hoffman, D. Hansen, L. LaMadeleine and R. Williams.
1991. Forest insect and disease conditions in the Intermountain Region
1990. FPM Report. Ogden, UT: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Region.
aoe Ds
Mason, R.R. 1979. How to sample larvae of the Douglas-fir tussock moth. USDA
Combined For. Pest R & D Program. USDA, Agricultural Handbook 547.
Shepherd, T., T.G. Gray, R.J. Chorney & G.E. Daterman. 1985. Pest management
of Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata (Lepidoptera:
Lymantriidae): monitoring endemic populations with pheromone traps to
detect incipient outbreaks. Can. Entomol. 117: 839-48.
Sower, L.L. & G.E. Daterman. 1977. Evaluation of synthetic sex pheromone as a
control agent of Douglas-fir tussock moths. Environ. Entomol. 6: 889-892.
Sower, L.L., G.E. Daterman, W. Funkhouser & C. Sartwell. 1983. Pheromone
disruption controls Douglas-fir tussock moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)
reproduction at high insect densities. Can. Entomol. 115: 965-969.
Sower, L.L., J.M. Wenz, D.L. Dahlsten & G.E. Daterman. 1990. Field Testing of
pheromone disruption on preoutbreak populations of Douglas-fir tussock moth
(Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 83(4): 1487-1491.
Tunnock, S., M. Ollieu & R.W. Thier. 1985. History of Douglas-fir tussock
moth and related suppression efforts in the Intermountain and Northern
Rocky Mountain Regions 1927 through 1984. FPM Report 85-13. USDA Forest
Service, Intermountain and Northern Regions. 51 p.
Deleted, LS
SAFETY PLAN
EL
Julie Weatherby
REPORT TO: Western Defoliators Steering Committee
AUCUSE 2G eae 25, 1993
West Sacramento, CA
SUBMITTED BY: Julie Weatherby, R4
Gypsy Moth
In 1992 over 10,000 pheromone baited traps were retrieved within the potential
eradication project areas in Utah. Only 94 moths were captured. Nine
treatment blocks located around these positive catches were established in 1993
(5,135 AC). These treatment blocks were sprayed 3 times in 1993 using a Bell
206 B III. Dipel 6AF was applied NEAT at a rate of 64 OZ/AC. Applications
were completed on June 18, 1993.
Special projects conducted in conjunction with this eradication project
included: 1) Detection, Quantification, and Persistence of B.t. in Mountain
Soils
2) Release and Recapture of Gypsy Moth in Mountainous Terrain
3) Quantification of Drift deposits on Foliage Down Canyon from
Spray Blocks
4) Effects of Feeding Non-Target Lepidoptera Foliage with Drift
Deposits in the Range Found in Special Project 3.
9) Effects of Aspect, Elevation, and Exposure on Survival Rates
of Gypsy Moth Pupae
In 1992, 2 moths were captured in southern Idaho. One moth was captured in
Filer and the other in Shelley, ID. Trapping was intensified in these areas
Curing ly ool meps deployed in 1993 will. be retrieved this fall.
Western Spruce Budworm
In 1992 approximately 32,000 acres of defoliation attributed to western spruce
budworm was detected during the annual aerial detection survey. Defoliation
was located primarily on the Salmon and Challis NFs and mixed with Douglas-fir
tussock moth on the Payette NF. Ground observations during the 1993 field
season indicate that populations are extremely low with little if any visible
defoliation.
Douglas-fir Tussocm Moth:
Populations of Douglas-fir tussock moths collapsed throughout the Region in
1991 or 1992 depending upon the location. In 1992 more than 406,000 AC of
defoliation was detected during the annual aerial detection survey before the
population collapsed probably as a result of starvation, parasites, predators
and virus epidemics.
We have installed a series of impact plots in areas which have been defoliated.
These plots will be read annually for 5 years. Mortality estimates based upon
intensity of defoliation will be quantified. Mortality of subalpine fir which
was completely defoliated is high. In some areas particularly the drier sites
mortality of Douglas-fir is also higher than expected. Grand fir seems to be
surviving better than these other species despite significant amounts of
top-kill. Results will be reported after the plots have been revisited in
199 332
A preliminary hazard rating system was reported in 1993. The stand
characteristics which were included in the hazard rating system were aspect,
relative elevation, species composition, and location in relationship to
historical outbreak centers. The model accurately classified 65 percent of the
stands used to develop this procedure into appropriate vulnerability classes.
The results of the 1991 Virus Rate Study conducted by Roy Beckwith, Dave
Grimble and Julie Weatherby is included in this report. In summary there was
no statistically significant difference between treated and control blocks.
Lab bioassays indicate that field population from southern Idaho may require
higher rates of virus in order to obtain effective population suppression.
3420
Report No. R4-93-04
Maret 2s LO0R
A DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH HAZARD RATING SYSTEM FOR USE IN
SOUTHERN IDAHO
By
Julie C. Weatherby!
Brian R. Gardner?
Tom N. Barbouletos?
ABSTRACT
This report documents our efforts to develop a 2 phase hazard rating system which could be used
by land managers to predict the likelihood of a Douglas-fir tussock moth outbreak in a particular
stand (phase 1 - probability of occurrence) and the anticipated damage which may occur (phase
2 - vulnerability). Relative outbreak probabilities defined as highly likely, likely, or possible but
infrequent, are assigned to broad geographical areas based upon historical outbreak frequencies.
All timbered stands within each geographical area are assigned a likelihood value or probability
of occurrence associated with that geographical area. Relationships between site and stand char-
acteristics and damage levels as measured by defoliation intensity are evaluated. Site and stand
characteristics with the strongest relationships to damage are used to develop a procedure to clas-
sify stands into one of 3 vulnerability rating classes. Classification accuracy using this procedure
is 65 percent for Stands used to develop this procedure and 68 percent for an independent group of
stands.
)
Entomologist, Forest Pest Management, Intermountain Region, USDA Forest Service.
Biological Technician, Forest Pest Management, Intermountain Region, USDA Forest Service.
Forester, Forest Pest Management, Intermountain Region, USDA Forest Service.
WYO NY
INTRODUCTION
The Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyta pseudotsugata McDunnough (DFTM), is a serious defoliator
of Douglas-fir and true firs in western North America. Populations cycle periodically, rapidly
increasing from endemic to outbreak levels. Outbreak cycles usually last 3 to 4 years before the.
population collapses as a result of a combination of mortality factors, including parasites, predators,
diseases, and starvation.
Tussock moth populations overwinter in the egg stage. Egg hatch occurs after bud break in late
May or early June. Small larvae disperse from egg masses redistributing themselves throughout the
forest canopy. Long distance dispersal is accomplished when small larvae spin down from branches
and are passively blown by winds. Such dispersal is usually limited to a distance of approximately
1/4 mile (Wickman et al. 1981).
Larval stages feed first on new foliage and move to dlder foliage after the new foliage has been
consumed. When populations are extremely dense, trees can be almost completely defoliated in 1
year. Larval feeding occurs over a period of 40 to 60 days. Full-grown larvae seek out pupation sites
during late July or August. Pupal cocoons are usually found on the undersides of branches; however,
when populations are extremely dense, increasing numbers of larvae seek out other pupation sites
such as tree trunks, rocks, fence posts, etc. Pupal cocoons consist of grayish, silken coverings each
surrounding a single pupa.
Male moths begin emerging from pupal cocoons in August followed by the emergence of female
moths. Male moths are gray-brown to black-brown with a wingspan of approximately 1 inch.
Large, plumose antennae are conspicuous. Female moths are flightless and remain on or near their
pupal cocoons for the duration of their lifespan. Females produce a pheromone which attracts
males for the purpose of mating. Oviposition of eggs occurs directly on top of the pupal cocoon
from which the female emerged. An average egg mass contains 159 to 200 eggs.
Feeding by DFTM results in varying degrees of defoliation. Light defoliation can cause top-kill
and growth reduction. Heavy defoliation may culminate in tree mortality. During the 1990 - 1992
tussock moth outbreak in southern Idaho, we predicted that tree mortality resulting from very
heavy defoliation could be as high as 73 trees per acre (Weatherby et al. 1992). Impacts of this
magnitude significantly alter timber production and future management plans.
In southern Idaho, periodic outbreaks have occurred. Tunnock et al. (1985) documented the
occurrence of several DE TM outbreaks between 1927 and 1984. Many of these outbreaks seem to
reoccur in certain areas.
Researchers have recognized this pattern of reoccurrence and have attempted to predict where
future DF TM outbreaks may occur and where impacts may be most severe. Stoszek et al. (1981)
developed a risk rating system using the following site and stand characteristics: physiographic
location, depth of volcanic ash layer, site occupancy, age of host trees, and proportion of stand in
grand fir. This model was developed from data collected in the Palouse Range of northern Idaho.
Heller and Sadir (1980) developed a risk rating system which used standard photo interpretation
techniques to extract site and stand characteristics from resource photography. Site and stand
characteristics incorporated into the Heller and Sadir model include: elevation, percent slope,
aspect, physiographic location, percent cover, average crown diameter, and percent cover in fir.
a.a£im@=inmeiuaus®tee®™EB#bLh siellzaiuwHZiaiws =
Data used to develop this model were collected from the Blue Mountains during the 1973 DFTM
outbreak.
Neither of these models adequately address risk ratings for Douglas-fir habitat types which are
some of the most frequently defoliated sites in southern Idaho.
This report documents our efforts to develop a simple risk rating or hazard rating system for use
in southern Idaho.
METHODS
Our approach to developing a DFTM hazard rating system is a 2 phase approach. Phase 1 involves
developing a method to determine the probability of an outbreak occurring in a defined geographical
area. Phase 2 involves classifying stands where damage is expected to be significant.
>
Phase 1 — Historical outbreak frequencies were gleaned from the literature. Broad geographical
areas Where outbreaks have occurred approximately once every 7 to 10 years, once every 15 years
and zero to one time within the last 30 years were defined and highlighted on a map of southern
Idaho. Outbreak probabilities defined as highly likely, likely, or possible but infrequent, were
assigned to each of the 3 broad geographical areas, respectively.
Phase 2 — Scientific literature and field observations indicate that several site and stand character-
istics may be important components of a DFTM hazard rating system. For this study the following
site and stand characteristics were investigated: habitat type, aspect, elevation, position on the
slope, proportion of the basal area in host, stand structure (multi-storied, single storied), age and
radial growth.
Site, stand and damage data used in this analysis were collected during 1991 and 1992 from 45
5-plot transects distributed throughout infested areas in southern Idaho. The sampling design and .
methods used to collect these data have been described by Weatherby et al. (1992).
Each site or stand characteristic was evaluated individually against an area damage index (ADI)
measured at the same site. The procedures used to develop this ADI are described by Weatherby
et al. (1992). The range of ADI’s (0.00 - 4.00) obtained from all sampled areas was partitioned into
the following area damage classes: non-defoliated (ADI = 0.00), lightly to moderately damaged
(0.00 < ADI = 2.00), and heavily to very heavily damaged (2.00 < ADI = 4.00).
Continuous site or stand characteristics such as age, elevation, radial growth, position on the slope,
and proportion of the stand basal area in host species, were plotted against area damage indices.
Subjective interpretation of these scattergrams was used to evaluate possible relationships between
site or stand characteristics and area damage indices. Site and stand characteristics which appeared
to be unrelated to area damage indices were eliminated from further evaluation.
\
Discrete site or stand characteristics such as aspect, habitat type (Steele et al. 1981), and stand
structure, and continuous characteristics, selected after the scattergram interpretation, were sub-
jectively partitioned into classes and compared to area damage classes. Five stand frequency tables
with rows representing stand characteristic classes and columns representing area damage classes
were developed. Chi-square tests of significance were performed on all cross tabulations. Significant
characteristics (p < .10) were included in the vulnerability model. The vulnerability model is an —
additive model which is explained in the results sections of this publication.
After the vulnerability model was developed, an independent data set, collected from 20 stands
within Logging Gulch on the Boise National Forest, was used to validate the model. Each stand
was classified into one of 3 predicted vulnerability rating classes using the vulnerability model and
the predicted vulnerability rating class was compared to the actual damage class measured in the
field.
RESULTS
Historical records of tussock moth outbreaks in southern Idaho were used in the development of
outbreak probabilities (Phase 1). Historical literature (Tunnock et al. 1985) documenting DFTM
outbreaks indicates that frequencies of outbreaks vary by geographical areas. The most frequent
outbreaks in southern Idaho occur in the Owyhee Mountains where 6 detectable outbreaks have
occurred in the last 43 years. Another area where frequent outbreaks have been detected is a
broad geographical area within the drainages of the Boise River. Outbreaks in this area have been
detected 2 times in 30 years. Stringer Douglas-fir stands in several drainages east of Bellevue and
Hailey have similar defoliation histories as stands within the Boise River drainages. Many new areas
of defoliation were detected for the first time during the 1990 - 1992 outbreak. History indicates
that outbreaks within these areas are relatively infrequent. Figure 1 is a map of southern Idaho
highlighting the outbreak areas with similar defoliation frequencies.
Habitat type, aspect, elevation, and position on the slope are site characteristics which were eval-
uated as potential discriminating variables to classify expected damage or vulnerability (Phase
pa |:
Sample stands represented a range of 12 habitat types, 6 habitat types in the Douglas-fir series
(PSME), 4 in the grand fir series (ABGR), and 2 in subalpine fir series (ABLA). The most commonly
sampled habitat types were PSME/ACGL (Douglas-fir/mountain maple), PSME/BERE (Douglas- -
fir/Oregon grape), and ABGR/ACGL (grand fir/mountain maple). Heavy to very heavy defoliation
occurred on 6 of the 12 habitat types. Table 1 displays the frequencies of stands cross classified
by habitat type and damage class. A relatively broad range of habitat types were impacted by
defoliation. No really clear trend or relationship is apparent for this cross classification. Additional
data from the less well represented habitat types are necessary if relationships between habitat
types and damage classes are to be understood.
Data were obtained from stands on all aspects. Defoliation was heaviest on the easterly and south-
easterly facing slopes where 71 and 80 percent of the sample stands on those aspects were classified
as heavily defoliated. Table 2 summarizes the frequencies of stands cross classified by aspect and
damage class. In order to statistically evaluate whether aspect and damage are independent vari-
able, 3 aspect classes were developed. Class 1 consisted of all stands with a northern, western or
northwestern aspect. Class 2 consisted of all stands with a southern or southwestern aspect. Class
3 consisted of all stands with an eastern, southeastern or northeastern aspect. Two stands were
deleted from thé analysis because they were essentially flat'and therefore were not assigned to one
of the 3 aspect classes. A chi-square test of significance indicated that aspect class and damage
class are not independent (X? = 11.69 with 4 d.f., p < .05).
Field observation indicated that defoliation was usually found across relatively sharp elevational
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Table L. Frequency table of sampled stands classified by habitat type and area
damage class from the 1990 - 1992 DFIM outbreak in southern Idaho.
Area Damage Class
Habitat Type* V. Heavy-Hea “a See Lighta-eModee Non-defol. Total
PSME/ACGL 10
PSME/BERE 10
PSME/CAGE 3
PSME/PHMA 1
PSME/SPBE 2
PSME/SYOR 1
ABGR/ACGL 3
ABGR/BERE 1
ABGR/SPBE 5
ABGR/VAGL 9
ABLA/ACGL 1
ABLA/CAGE l
* Habitat types as discribed by Steele et al. (1981)
bands. Therefore elevation was evaluated as a potential discriminating variable. Elevations of
sample stands ranged from 4,800 to 8,850 feet while heavily defoliated stands ranged from 5,240
to 6,800 feet. None of the sample stands above 7,400 feet were defoliated. A scattergram (figure
2) of elevation and defoliation did not reveal any clear relationship. Because the sampled stands
were located in at least 4 geographically separated areas which varied considerably in elevation,
we decided to look at position on the slope. Position on the slope was defined as the elevation
of each stand divided by the elevation of the forested ridgeline for the geographical area. If the
ridgeline exceeded 7,400 feet, 7,400 feet was used as the ridgeline elevation. Ninety five percent of
the heavily defoliated stands were located in an elevational band within 15 percent of the highest
forested ridgeline for the area (table 3). A chi-square test of significance indicated that position on
the slope and damage class are not independent (X? = 15.72 with 8 d.f., p < .05)
Proportion of the total stand basal area in host, stand structure, age and radial growth are stand
characteristics which were evaluated as potential discriminating variables.
>
Approximately 70 percent of the sample stands had more than 85 percent of the total stand basal
area in host species (Douglas-fir, grand fir, and subalpine fir). Forty two percent of these stands
were heavily damaged. In stands with less than 85 percent of the stand basal area in host species,
only 20 percent were heavily damaged. This information is displayed in table 4. A chi-square test
of significance indicated that the proportion of the basal area in host and damage class are not
independent (X? = 4.81 with 2 d.f., .05 < p < .10).
Stand structure defined as the number of stories of host trees within a stand was evaluated. Little
if any relationship was apparent between stand structure and damage class.
Most of the sample stands were between 60 and 120 years of age. Within this range of ages all
levels of defoliation were encountered (figure 3). None of the stands older than 120 years of age
were significantly defoliated, however stands in this age category were probably under represented.
Therefore this trend was not considered.
The last stand variable evaluated was 5-year radial growth. This variable was analyzed as an
indicator of stress and growth potential of the site. Growth rates ranged from less than .10 to
approximately .50 inches in 5 years. A scattergram (figure 4) of damage classes versus 5-year radial
growth indicated little if any relationship between levels of defoliation and 5-year radial growth
rates.
Eight site and stand variables were evaluated and only three, position on the slope, aspect class,
and basal area in host species, were significantly related to damage classes. Each of these variables
were included in-the stand vulnerability model (table 5). Numerical values were assigned to each
site and stand variable class. For example, position on the slope was divided into 3 classes. A
numerical value of 3 indicating a high degree of vulnerability was assigned to the class ranging
between 86 percent of the slope and the ridgeline; a numerical value of 2 indicating a lesser degree
of vulnerability was assigned to the class ranging between 76 and 85 percent of the slope, and a
numerical value of 1 was assigned to the least vulnerable class ranging between 0 and 75 percent of
the slope. Similar numerical values were assigned to the aspect classes and the basal area classes.
In order to determine the vulnerability of a stand, the position on the slope, the aspect class, and
the percent basal area in host must be known. Appropriate numerical values associated with these
characteristics are summed to obtain a composite rating ranging between 3 and 8. Composite
Figure 2. Scattergram of elevation versus area damage index associated with
sampled areas within the 1990 - 1992 DFTM outbreak in southern Idaho.
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Table 3. Frequency table of sampled areas classified by position on the slope
and area damage class from the 1990 - 1992 DFTM outbreak in southern Idaho.
Area Damage Class
Slope Position . V. Heavy-Hea Mode Lis Zhe Non-defol. Total
.
Table 4, Frequency table of sampled areas classified by percent of total stand
basal area in host and area damage class from 1990 - 1992 DFIM outbreak in
southern Idaho.
Area Damage Class
% BA in Host
Figure 3. Scattergram of stand age versus area damage index associated with
sampled areas within the 1990 - 1992 DFITM outbreak in southern Idaho.
X (AGE) by Y¥ (DEF) = *
--+----- —+------ +------ +------ +—----- +--
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0 60 120 180 240 300
10
Figure 4. Scattergram of 5 year radial growth versus area damage index
associated with sampled areas within the 1990 - 1992 DFIM outbreak in southern
Idaho.
x ore by V4.0 8) IP Gat eid
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GROWTHS (INCHES)
Table 5. Vulnerability model used to predict damage in infested DFTM stands.
Aspect Position on slope~ %* Basal Area in host
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Position on the slope is defined as the elevation of the stand divided by
the elevation of the highest forested ridgeline in the area. If the highest
forested ridgeline exceeds 7,400 ft, the ridgeline elevation defaults to 7,400
ft.
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ratings of 7 and 8, 5 and 6, and 3 and 4 indicate high vulnerability, moderate vulnerability, and
low vulnerability, respectively.
The vulnerability model is intended to be used to predict the vulnerability rating or a qualita-
tive level of damage which could be expected if a DFTM outbreak were to occur in a particular
stand. Highly vulnerable stands could sustain tree mortality as a result of defoliation. Moderately
vulnerable stands are more likely to suffer top-kill and growth reduction with little tree mortality.
Stands with low vulnerability are expected to suffer minor and usually temporary damage. The
vulnerability model accurately classified 65 percent of the stands used to develop this procedure
into appropriate vulnerability rating classes.
The same vulnerability model was used to rate an independent group of infested stands in the
Logging Gulch drainage on the Boise National Forest. When the vulnerability rating classes, as
predicted by the model, were compared to actual defoliation classes, the predicted vulnerability
rating classes agreed with the actual defoliation classes 68 percent of the time (table 6).
SUMMARY
This 2 phase hazard rating system could be used by land managers to predict the likelihood of
a DFTM outbreak in a particular stand and the anticipated damage which may occur. This
information is expected to be useful for long and short range planning and to prioritize silvicultural
treatments.
In order to hazard rate a stand, the probability of an outbreak must be estimated by locating the
stand within an area with a known outbreak frequency. If the stand is located in an area where
outbreaks are highly likely or likely then the expected impacts caused by a tussock moth outbreak
could be predicted using the vulnerability model. Stands which are classified as highly likely to have
an outbreak and which have a high vulnerability rating are of greatest concern. These stands could
be prioritized as needing prompt treatment. Stands where outbreaks are possible but infrequent
and vulnerability ratings are high would have a lower overall hazard rating because the probability |
of an outbreak is low. However these stands could suffer tree mortality if an outbreak were to
occur. Stands where outbreaks are possible but infrequent and vulnerability ratings are low would
have a very low priority for treatment.
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LITERATURE CITED
Heller, R.C.; Sader, S.A. 1980. Rating the risk of tussock moth defoliation
using aerial photographs. USDA, For. Serv. Douglas-fir Tussock Moth Res. & Dev. Prog.
Agric. Handbook 569.
Steele, R.; Pfister, R.D.; Ryker, R.A.; Kittams, J.A. 1981. Forest Habitat Types
of Central Idaho. USDA, For. Serv., Int. For. & Range Expt. Station, Gen. Tech. Rpt.
IND Lid atosip,
Stoszek, K.J.; Mika, P.G.; Moore, J.A.; Osborne, H.L. 1981. Relationship of
Douglas-fir tussock moth defoliation to site and stand characteristics in northern Idaho. For.
Scin 27-431-442:
Tunnock, S.; Ollieu, M.; Thier, R.W. 1985. Hostory of Douglas-fir tussock moth
and related suppression efforts in the Intermountain and Northern Rocky Mountain Regions
- 1927 through 1984. USDA For. Serv., Rpt. No. 85-13. Int. and North. Regions, Missoula,
MT. 51 p.
Weatherby, J.C.; Knapp, K.A.; Gardner, B.R.; Roberts, J.; Mocettini, P. 1992. A
biological evaluation of the Douglas-fir tussock moth outbreak in southern Idaho, 1991. USDA
For. Serv., Rpt. No. R4-92-01. Ogden, UT. 51 p.
Wickman, B.E.; Mason, R.R.; Trostle, G.C. 1981. Douglas-fir tussock moth. USDA
For. Serv. Forest Insect & Disease Leaflet 86. 10 p.
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John Wenz
R-5
NATIONAL STEERING COMMITTEE
FOR
MANAGEMENT OF WESTERN DEFOLIATORS
R5- Pacific Southwest Region Report
August 24-257 1993
John M. Wenz
Current Status
Defoliator activity in California continued at generally low to moderate levels
Se (RE ee
1)
2)
3)
4)
3)
No defoliator suppression or eradication projects were conducted.
Modoc budworm. Defoliation of true fir (white fir, Abies concolor,
and red fir, A. magnifica) by the Modoc budworm, Choristoneura
viridis, first detected in June, 1992, on the Modoc National Forest in
northeastern California, continued in 1993. Activity levels declined
from high/moderate in 1992 to moderate/low in 1993 over approximately
200,000 acres.
Gypsy Moth. As of August 18, 1993, ten gypsy moths have been trapped
in California. Catches have been reported from the following counties
(cities): Los Angeles (Downey- 1); Alameda (Albany- 3); Orange
(Anaheim- 1; Irvine- 1; Newport Beach- 1); Mariposa (Wawona- 1); Santa
Clara (Saratoga- 1); and Shasta (Redding- 1).
Fruittree Leafroller: Scattered light to heavy defoliation of oaks by
Chest rulttreesientroller, Archipssaresyrospilus, has been reported from
several locations in the San Bernardino Mountains (San Bernardino
National Forest) and Mt. Palomar (Cleveland National Forest) in
southern California and in the Sacramento River Canyon (Shasta-Trinity
National Forest) in northern California.
Black Pineleaf Scale. As in 1992, light to heavy feeding by the black
pineleaf scale, Nuculaspis californica, on ponderosa and sugar pine
has been reported from several locations throughout California.
Defoliation of sugar pine continues to be of concern in that it may
help predispose white pine blister rust resistant, and
resistant-candidate (untested) trees, to bark/engraver beetle attack.
White Fir Sawfly. Defoliation by the white fir sawfly, Neodiprion
sp., detected in 1992 over about 10,000 acres in several areas of
central and northeastern California, declined to low levels in 1993.
Current Needs
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Initiate implementation of the Western Defoliator Strategic Plan.
This should help focus discussion on how to integrate FPM expertise
into ecosystem management and begin to answer related questions
concerning the roles of insects (and pathogens) in forest ecosystems,
defoliator effects (impacts) on non-commodity resources etc.
Evaluate effects of defoliator suppression on non-target organisms
(Bt-Lepidoptera a priority).
Pursue registration of the Douglas-fir tussock moth (DFTM) pheromone
for mating disruption.
Develop new/improve existing application technology and pheromone
formulation for the DFTM pheromone for mating disruption.
Continue to pursue registration of DFTM BioContro-1 in California.
Evaluate DFTM pheromone early warning system results and assess ways
to improve predictability and efficiency.
iT
1022
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