The natural history of British insects; explaining them in their several states, with the periods of their transformations, their food, oeconomy, &c. together with the history of such minute insects as require investigation by the microcsope. The whole illustrated by coloured figures, designed and executed from living specimens

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UNIVER St ie
LIBRARY

BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME
OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT
FUND GIVEN IN 1891 BY
HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE

ie

NATURAL HISTORY

» OF

BRITISH INSECTS;

EXPLAINING THEM.

IN THEIR SEVERAL STATES,

WITH THE PERIODS OF THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS,
THEIR FOOD, @CONOMY, &c.

TOGETHER WITH THE

HISTORY OF SUCH MINUTE INSECTS

AS REQUIRE INVESTIGATION BY THE MICROSCOPE,

THE WHOLE ILLUSTRATED BY

Poot O U BLED Ff @U-R E'S:

DESIGNED AND EXECUTED FROM LIVING SPECIMENS.

By E. DONOVAN.

VOU. pwr.

LONDON: #

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PrRintep FOR THE AUTHOR,

And for F. Cs and J, Rivineton, Ne 62, St. Paus Cuurncu-Y ARDs

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[49]

ee ATE Sia

Tob Pov ia Pie UM OS A.
PLUMOSE, OR SEA TIPULA. ;

DIPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Mouth with a very fhort membranaceous probofcis, the back
grooved and receiving a briftle: beak fhort and without a fheath :
feelers two, incurved, filiform and longer than the head: antenne
filiform in general.

SPPCIPIC CHARAGEER
AND

S YON ON MAWES.

f Thorax greenifh: wings white gloffed with prifmatic hues, and
a brown dot : antennz feathered.

TipuLta PLtumosa: thorace virefcente, alis albis: puncto fufco,
antennis plumofis. Ludr. Sp. Inf. 2. p. 406.
n. 31.—Mant. Inf. 2. p. 324. . 37.

Tipula thorace virefcente, alis hyalins puncto nigro, Linn. Syft.
Nat. xii. 2. p. 974. n. 26.—Ln. Suec. 1758.

is found in the month of April in marfhy places, and has Ire-

quently been miflaken for the common gua.

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300

PLATE CCC,

Pie U LA POM O.N-2.
GENERIC CHARACTER.

Head lengthened out. Upper jaw arched. Palpi two, curved,
longer than the head. Probofcis fhort, and bent inwards.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.

Shining black: wings whitifh, with a central dark fpot in the
anterior margin: thighs ferruginous.

TipuLA PomMonaé: glabra nigra alis lafteis: punto nigro, femos
ribus ferrugineis. Fab. Ent. Syft. T. 4. p. 249. /p. 74.

SES

We met with both fexes of this uncommon Infe& in Coombe
Wood, Surrey, in the beginning of June, 1798.—The f{pecimen

Fabricius defcribed was taken in this country alfo, May 13, on a
fruit-tree.

PLATE

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TIPULA GCROCAT A,

DIPTERA.

Wings two.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Head long. Palpi 4, curved. Trunk very fhort,

SPEGIFIG CHARACTER,

Black fpotted with yellow. Legs tawny, with black feet, and a
lack ring round the pofterior thighs. ‘Wings tawny, with a mar-
inal brown {pot.

Syft. Ent. 748. 5.—Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 971. 4.—

£n. Sv. 1739.

Geoff. Inf. 2. §53-7- Tab. 19. Fig. 1.

Degeer Inf. 6. 349. 10.

Raj. Inf. 72+ 4p

Schaef. Icon. Tab. 126. fig. A.

Scop. carn. 845.

FIG.

40 PLA Te Kivi.

fF iGo i

TIPULA RIVOSA.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Brown-grey. Eyes black. Antennz feathered. Wings larger thay
the body, with three brown patches near the margin. ‘Tail of the femal
bifid. Length one inch.

Syft. Ent. 748. 2.—Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 97%. 2«
Fn, Sv. 1938.

Geoff. Inf. 2. 554+ 2

Degeer. Inf. 6. 341. 2. Tab. 19. Figs 1.

2 Sry pee be) Bae RO

Scop. carn, 846.

4éia Holm. 1739. Tab. 9. Fig. 8.

Sulz. Inf. Tab. 20. Fig. 128.

‘The Genus Zipula, comprifes an extenfive family of the Dipterow
Order, or of fuch Infects as are furnifhed with two Wings only. Our
Jargeft Species are Tip. Rivofa, Crocata, Lunata, &c. the moft com
mon is 7. Oleracea, generally known by the trivial appellations, Long
Legs, Old Father, &c. It is, as are alfo the other Species, perfectly
harmlefs and inoffenfive ; yet their fingular form, and more particularly
the extraordinary difproportion of their legs, operates frequently to
their difadvantage with the ignorant, who readily fuppofe they have to
avoid, the fecreted fting, of whatever appears aukward or uncommon.

Our fmaller Species are infinitely more numerous, and many of
them are not defcribed, being fo very minute as to remaij
The Tipula Plumofa, Plate xx11,
ance from the larger kinds.

6 é

n unnoticed.
differs materially in its general appear-

We.

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me AT BX LYVIit. 31

We rarely find a fpecimen of the larger kinds of Tipula with the legs
gomplete; the lofs of one or two of thofe members do not materially
retard the brifknefs of its motions, but it cannot fly after fuffering a
total amputation, though it will then live a confiderable time, ;

The Tipula Riyofa being entangled by two of its legs in the fnare
of a large fpider [ARANEA DiapEma], at firft endeavoured to dif-
engage them by force, but this rather added to its calamity, and a third
leg was attracted by the glutinous matter on the threads; the {pider
approached, and the ‘creature accelerated its efcape by leaving its legs
in the web. It is very common to obferve the broken limbs of the
Tipule in the fnares of this fpecies of fpider.

The Larvz of many Tipulz, more efpecially the very minute forts,
are found in ftanding water, but the larger, generally feed on the roots
of grafs, and may be found by turning up the light furface of the earth.
The Tipula Rivofa is taken in May and June, the Tipula Crocata in
June and July; the latter is obferyed in the flower-garden or orchard,

PLATE

a
Tt ra
tans

<a ol

i)

a Berea

had BRK.

FaltG..) A

Shews the natural fize of the larva, of the

Musca CHAMALEON,

Defcribed in Plate X X XI. of this work.

FE} Cae

As it appears magnified. We have taken it fince that plate was
finifhed, or we would have introduced it withthe Fly. Being unac-
quainted with any perfeét reprefentation of this aquatic larva, we are
happy to give it before the completion of the firft volume,

N 2 PLATE

Py we line
ote

be Ord

ee Pe roe

E.G. ¥,
MUSCA CHAMALEON.
CHAMALEON-FLy.
DipTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.
- Mouth with a foft exferted flefhy probofcis and two equal lips:

fucker furnifhed with briftles: feelers two, very fhort or none; an-
tenne generally fhort.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.

Scutel bidentated and yellow: abdomen black, with lateral yellow
bands.

Musca CHAMALEON. Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 979. 3.

STRATIOMYS CHAMELEON: {cutello bidentato luteo: abdomine
nigro: fafciis lateralibus luteis. Fabr. Ent. Sy/t.
TAD 26325,

Stratiomys. Geoffr. Inf. 2.419. tab. 7. fig. 4

Linnzus, in a former edition of the Fauna Suecica gave this infec
the name of Oeflrus Aque, but he afterwards difcovered it to bea
Mufca, and called it Mufca Chameleon. It is a common infect in
fome fituations, but yet though well known in its perfeé flate, few
d fo minutely to its changes as to difcover that thefe form

have attende
M tle

68 PLATE XXX.

the moft fingular part of its hiflory —The female depofits her Ce8s in
the hollow flalks of aquatic plants, or broken reeds, oe fo provides
for them that they cannot, but by fome unforefeen accident, be car.
ried away. The egg, in due time ripening, produces a Larva, no
way refembling the Parent, but rather a Worm of a moft fingular
ftrugture. This happens about the latter end of May, or beginning
of June, if the weather proves favourable ; they will thea be found in
fhallow ftanding waters, crawling on the grafs or plants which grow
there, or they may be taken floating on the furface of the water,
The whole confifts of twelve annular divifions, of which the Head
and Tail are two. The Tail has a verge of hairs, which, when en-
tirely expanded, fupport the creature on the furface, with its head
downwards. If it wifhes to defcend, it contraéts the hairs in the form
of a wine glafs, or entirely clofes them at the end; and when again it
is rifing to the furface, it forces a bubble from a {mall aperture in the
center, which immediately makes a paffage for its afcenfion. After
remaining fome time in the pupa flate, the Fly is produced: this
appears about the middle of Judy. The nectareous juices of flowers, —
which it extra€ts by means of its probofcis, or fucker, from the co-
rolla ef flowers, conftitute its principal food in the perfeét fate.

FIG. Fe
MUSCA PENDULA.
PENDULUM-FLY.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.

Downy: thorax black, with four yellow lines: abdomen with
three yellow bands.

Musca

bra eageal ies,

ee wee
et ier Sale

a oe

ah: . joa

ait ah
¢ cz ip Po
7

+i igh #3
Kati al te fiat
: ’ _ 3 me Catia a ——:

a .

ies ee 6 pal’ weit

ae

PLAT EB XXX]. ; 69

Musca Penpbuta. Linn. 8yft. Nat. 2. 784. 28.
SyRPHUS PENDULUs: antennis fetariis tomentofus thorace hineis

quatuor, abdomine fafciis tribus flavis. Fabr.
Ent. Syft. T. 4. 282. 17.

Its habits nearly correfpond with thofe of the Mu/ca Chameleon.
Like that Infe& it once bore the appearance of an aquatic infeét, and
like that alfo in its laft or perfect ftate, exifts upon the ne€tar of
flowers. Jt is to be taken in June.

eee Ti hy oa ee

EreG. oh,
MUSCA LATERALIS.
Rep S1pED FLy.
SPECLFIC CHARACTER

AND

SYNONYMS.

Black: abdomen fanguineous at the fides, dorfal firipe and tip
black.

Musca LATERALIS: nigris abdominis lateribus bafi fanguineis.
Fabr. Sp. Inf. 2. po 445. m. 370

Vifits flower gardens in the month of June. Its transformations

are unknown.

M 2 PLATE

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PLATE DLIX,

MUSCA EPHIPPIUM.
tr RUFOUS-THORAX MUSCA.
DIPTERA. r.
& GENERIC CHARACTER.

Mouth with a fhort exferted flefhy probotcis, and two equal lips:
_ fucker furnifhed with briftles: feelers two, very thort, or fometimes

none: antenne generally fhort.
_ * Stratiomys. Fabr. ia

- SPECIFIC CHARACTER

“ / AND : ¢
La ® pm
nc by ngy pi

Scutel a Wy two eer thorax rufous, fpinous each fide.
Gx a.
a

f

ree
Musca EPH PPI UM: : feutello bidenta tal 0 Pie rufo pe ae

ane Sift 4, 264. n. 6.
2s 480. 3. iF

mint

tine .

Taken in Coombe Wood, on the 4th of June, 1812, by Geo.
Milne, Efq. F.L.S.

Mufca . is confidered as a fcarce infect in this country.
nave been taken occafionally by the old colleétors about

thirty

It is know

56 PLATE DLIX.

thirty years go, or rather more, in the woods about Highgate, which,
in confequence of the recent improvements in that viciany of the me-
troplis, are now demolifhed. It has occurred likewife m the woods
of Kent. Our good friend, John Swainfon, Efq. of Liverpool, met
with three fpecimens at the fame time fticking againft the trunks of

trees; this happened about twenty years ago, and was then efteemed a

rare circumftance.

no other fpecies of Mufca that can be confounded with |

There is
e thorax forms fuch a

this; the charaéteriftic rufous colour of th
‘th the black of the body and the dufkinefs of the

wings as to render this impoffible: neither do we recollect, among the
innumerable tribes of exotic fpecies, any infect fo ftrikingly fingular,
with the exception of fome of the Mutilla genus, the very different
ftru&ture of which can never allow them to be miftaken for Mufca,
even by the moft cafual obferver. When clofely examined, the thorax
is perceptibly covered with fhort hairs; the body is quite {mooth and
black, the legs black, and poifers pale yellowith. ‘The whole furface

beneath is black.

ftriking contraft w

PLATE

an
a «
“E

: :
ye ee ia ee ey

ae Aik

519

t 29 J

PLAT BE DXIX,
PG. a

MUSCA ULIGINOSA.

DIPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Mouth with a foft exferted flefhy probofcis, and two equal lips:
fuckers furnifhed with briftles: feelers two, very fhort, or none:

antenne generally fhort. »

* Nemotelus

Sucker with a fingle recurved briftle without fheath : feelers none:
aatennz moniliform, the tip fetaceous, and inferted at the bafe of the
probotcis.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS,

Male black: abdomen whitifh, with black bands at the tip.
Female dark with a dorfal line of pale fpots on the abdomen.

FIG,

30 PLATE, DXIX.

BLG el. Le yas)

Musca wuuicinosa. Linn. Syf. Nat. 2. 982. 22. a

Nemore us niger abdomine niveo: fafciis duabus nigris Geoff. Inf.
@. 543. I. | |

Stratiomys mutica. abr. Mant, Inf. 2,332. 20.

NEMOTELUS ULIGINOSUS: niger niveo apice atro. Fubr. Ent,
Syjfi. TI. 4. 269. 299. I.

NemoreEtus uticinosus. Panz. Fn. Inf. Germ. fas. 49. tab. 21.

‘ PIGA-IL.-M, . Geng

NEMOTELUS MARGINATUS: niger abdominis margine tibifque albi.
dis. abr. Ent. Syji. T. 4. 270. 229. n. 3.

STRATIOMYS MARGINATA. Mant. Inf. 2. 382. 19.

Nemotelus niger abdomine punétis albis, Geoff. Inf. 2. 543.

Nemoretus MARGINATUS. Panz. Fn. Inf: Germ. Sa: 49. tab.
32.

NEMOTELUS PuNCTATUS. Coquebert Illwir. Icon. Inf. dec. 3.
tab. 23. f. 6.

Notwithitanding the very ftriking difference that prevails between
the two infects above defcribed, we are induced to infert them as the
two fexes of the fame fpecies, on the authority of W. E. Leach,
Efq. by whom they have been captured in fome abundance, and who
is well convinced of the accuracy of this affurance.

The

+“ yy
ea. Arr ee:
=:

an et wool pak

= 7
.

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& j ri

ie E a. ties

y 56

. a.
ty
=
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he eo see ae, *

ny Se ito :
7

ho ee. &
hee te ae

HOS ak nM Na :

PRAT E DXLILX, 31

The manifeft diffimilarity of thefe infe€ts could have afforded no
reafonable ground for apprehending them to be the fame ; and this we
notice in juftification of thofe numerous writers above mentioned,
who have uniformly confidered them diftinét. The male infect having
been previoufly defcribed under the name of uliginofa, we have con-
ceived it right to retain that as the name of the {pecies, in preference
to marginatus, the term afligned to the female. The male has the eyes
large and brown, the thorax black; abdomen pale yellowith with a {mall
fpot of black on the firft and fecond fegment, the third immaculate,
the fourth with a fomewhat finuous band of black at the bafe, and
the remainder with a narrow black band; that on the fourth fegment

being moft confiderable m fize. The underfide is dark with white
~ dots, and the legs yellow with dufky fpots. The eyes of the female
are large and reddifh, thorax dufky, and gloffed with bronze, and the
abdomen black, with a fingle dorfal row of white triangular fpots:
the legs, as in the male, pale yellowith, with the middle of the thigh
and fhank blackith.

The fmaller figures denote the natural fize, the larger, their appear-
ance when magnified.

i

PLATE

ae via Sea Dele Sone

ea bal uytia ek ALioss # Sobai ati ‘ft by vikiahtentah ‘bi

ov bch buahh fsyecee? ule id ote aviiet quvhaehia gaa tol eee: ;
As O fraipiien’ vewdn. evilivw ami reamereiten AAS Yew aecd.tnih
fee he tal Kytiti Joven wart 2 hag ay it: rorls been “bikans ular hee
patcey gated: of wnat Vee hotelier ol wae 7
Paty mt i’ Pri,
ital altorh uegia prion Bn, of iy
hisehele it dogeing alee (dy at te

fis sith "ee apt i i ao} iinet sit ait sett ite ri ig?
~ 2 eh felt Ya Pougbel ve Fisinal’ ho igh duly ravi <i ol i ;

Snap petra ails vite teal Tang a Fie wo Tas a * asia ‘i

a , ape

EN NY whe ay if ,* pens

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,

PLATE, DLXIV.

TABANUS NIGER.

BLACK TABANUS.

DIPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Mouth with a ftraight exferted membranaceous probofcis, terminated
in two equal lips: fucker projetting, exferted, and placed in a groove
on the back of the probofcis, with a fingle-valved fheath and five
briftles: feelers two, equal, clavate, and ending in a point: antennz
fhort, approximate, cylindrical, with an elevated tooth at the bafe.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

TABANUs NIGER. Black: eyes filky green, with the anterior mar-
gin and three bands of purple.

an
=
| Pa
A new and very curious fpecies, lately difcovered in Hampthire by
G. Montagu, Efq. The figures in the annexed plate will thew the
upper and lower furfaces as they appear when magnified. The fmaller

figure exemplifies the natural fize.

VOL. XVI. K PLATE

-_ a Besa it
Lotegion ed sisi: sf aie ie
o JPyo get fyrpaedon

3 at tyre steal ese rtes -algitt- on hie ab etn dé te
* AGN 29 ey a. ak greneeries De sipels dlempa , ont rey
"hat adt ty dioes barely fie sldar ree ares

&

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ye Side net or bataee sth
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tliaatedT bs botargane asiw twaqe yols Be pxoebiul’s

| | wah lattes alt

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a

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2

is
a
—

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don
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on J

Sia aah ois lit CP aad Dh. @, @ &

PABAWUS CALCU T PENS
DIPTERA.
Wings two.
GENERIC, CHARACTER,

Antennz conic, of four fegments. “Trunks flefhy, terminated by
two lips. Palpi, one on each fide of the Trunk.

SPECIFIC “CHABACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.

Eyes brilliant, green with black fpots. Thorax brown with
-yellowifh lines. Body bright yellow with triangular black marks,
anterior margin, and center of the Wing black.

Tapanus CAECUTIENS : oculis viridibus nigro punétatis, alis ma-
culatis. Fab. Sy/ft. Ent. n. 18. p. 790.
Fab. Spec. Inf. 2. 27. p» 459-
Tazanus CAECUTIENS : oculis nigro-punctatis, alis maculatis.—
Linn. Syft. Nat. 17. p. 1001. ed. 13.
n. 17. p. 2385.
Faun. Suec. n. 1888.
Tabanus fufcus, abdominis lateribus pedibufque flavis, alis maculis
fulcis. Geoffr. Inf. 2. n. 8. p. 463.
Tabanus ‘nibul ofis. Harris Inf. Angl. tab. 7. fig. 5.
Mujca bipennis pulcra, alis maculis amplis albis ete. Rai. Inf.
ip. 272.
| Le T aon ae, 4 cates du ventre jaunes, et ailes tachetées de noir.
| Geoffr.
Die buntaugichte Breme. ~ Panzer’s Deut{chlands ee &Fc, —
Faun, Inf. Germ.

K 2 In

62 PLA T Bo CKXXI.

In the months of June and July, or earlier in forward feafons,
this Infe& is found in great plenty in the lanes and flirts of woods;
and are very troublefome to perfons or animals who pafs through fuch
places in the middle of the day they conceal, themfelves in the
crevices of the bark of trees, or among the foliage till about an hour
before noon, when they come forth in great plenty, and fettle on
the hands and face, or other thinly,covered parts, and dart their fharp
pointed trunks or probofcis into the flefh : we have obferved the fting
of this Infect to be moft fevere about mid-day, particularly when
the fun fhines bright, and emits much heat ;, a difagreeable fenfation
continues in the ftung part: for fome time, and is generally. fucceeded
by a large tumor, and a flight difcharge of pungent fluid before it
difappears entirely.

To explain more minutely the- ftruQure of the trunk, we have
given a figure of its magnified;appearance, at Fig. III: the outer
coat, or fheath, terminates at its extremity, in two lateral, moveable
lips, and contains a longitudinal, horny, convex blade; the acute
point of which is concealed between thefe lips: this interior: tube,
when examined with a Microfcope, appears to-confift of three others;.
exceedingly fharp at the points. and are ufed by.the Infe& as lancets.
to lacerate the flefh when it feeds, while it pumps, or fucks up the
blood and moifture from the wound, through the capillary tubes with
which feveral parts of the trunk are furnifhed.

It feeds in the fame manner on Infects, but chiefly on thofe in
the larva ftate.

‘ e
The fpecies is not uncommon in Germany, France, Italy, and.
moft warm parts of Europe: alfo received from Georgia, in North
America.

Fig. I. Natural Size. Fig. II. Front View of the Head mag=
nified, with the Eyes and Probofcis ; the former-are moft beautiful;

iat ie objects when the Infeg is alive, but turn brown after
at dies,

PLATE

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r
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if
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be a
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549

[ 23 ]

PLATE DXLIX.

MUSCA ATHERIX.

ATHERIXINE MUSCA.

DIPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Mouth with a foft exferted flefhy probofcis, and two unequal lips:
ucker befet with briftles: feelers fhort and two in number, or fome-

times none: antenne ufually fhort.

% Antenne moniliform, with a terminal brifile.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS,

Black: body with a grey fpot on each. fide of all the fegments: in
the middle of the coftal margin of the wings a dufky fpot furrounded
by a crefcent of hyaline dots, and a duiky fpot at the bafe.

ATHERIX MACULATA (mas) Meig. Clafs. und. Befch. t. 1. p. 274.

This infect, which is clearly of the Mufca tbe im the fyftem of
Limeus, conftitutes a new genus in the work of Meigel, under the
name of Atherix.—The laft-mentioned genus has been recently

adopted by Latreille in his fubdivifions of the, Muice.
There

24 PLATE DXLIX.

There is an appearance of novelty and fimple elegance in this little
infect that ftrongly demands attention, though the colours are merely
black and dusky, with a diverfity of the grey,—fuch in faét as in the
more emphatic language of praétical colleétors might be called the
widow’s weeds, or half-mourning. The fpecies is very rare.

PLATE

[ 45 ]

Pea ol eX kV.
MUSCA SEMINATIONIS.
DIPTERA.

Wings 2.

, GENERIC CHARACTER.
A foft flexible trunk, with lateral lips at the end. No palpi.

SPECIFIC GHARACTER.

Head and Thorax black-brown; Abdomen black, with very mi-
nute fpecks of white. Wings clouded and fpeckled with brown.
A yellow ftreak on the under fide of the abdomen.

_ Musca SEMINATIONIS. Antennis fetariis, alis atris cinereo punc-

tatis, abdomine bafi fubtus flavo.

Fab. Spec. Inf. 2 452. 90.

This fpecies is fometimes met with in meadows, on plaintain,
thiftles, &c. in May and June.

It is a very pleafing object for the Microfcope, particularly the
wings, which are finely reticulated and fpotted. Its magnified ap~
pearance is given with its natural fize in our plate.

H 2 PLATE

Pinel a |
| i wg ri Seiwa mule PTE, ;
; Oa Sorts tals CHU RITA = . a i
alee

OS ns ee bolt ie

Sek
w4 ae

s in i
e oli pone owed
pigs bye i wid” he toevae Lsee Prchuoltes dud oh Cote

wEMReY Yi 4 im A Uh j

y a ve ; a ’ . na
| ; nd a a. ' oa

sult ‘u tend Pagr: apie’ roil

eae !

Saye PB ex,

MUSCA ONOPORDINIS#
DiPpTERa.

Wings two,

GENLARTC CHARACT EK.

A {oft flexible trunk, with lateral lips at the end. No palpi.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Head, thorax, and body, yellow brown. Wings, variegated with
brown {pots, f
Syft, Ent. 787. 80.
Fabric. Spec. Inf. 2. 455. 105¢

Whether this is the Mufca Onopordinis of Linnzus, as quoted,
_ We cannot exactly determine; it anfwers to his defcription of that
infe&t, but he fpeaks fo very concifely, that we will not venture to
aflure ourfelves of his M. Onopardinis being our fpecies. In this and
many other inftances we find, that though brevity is the greateft ex.-
cellence of the Linnzan defcriptions, it is alfo their moft effential
fault.

The fpecies may, with much psopricty, ftand under the name
Onopordinis, as we believe it has never been fiyured before; and,
fhould the Linnzan {pecies be hereafter difcovered to differ from the
prefent, a new name may be readily given to that infect.

Flies in April and May, and is very common in the fummer, in
woods,

K 2 PLATE

¥

LRN:
on

na ah
NMED eisah Bay

ihe:
Pht

en

a dd

eS oS Sa

wos ]

P Lay TE CCXCIV.
MUSCA SOLSTIT MAL 15.

GENERIC CHARACTER.
The mouth formed by a foft flefhy probolcis, with two lateral

lips. No palpi. |

| SPECIFIC CHARACTER

AND

SYNONYMS.

Antennz furnifhed with a lateral hair. Wings white, with four
fomewhat conneéted black bars acrofs. Scutellum yellow.

Musca SoLSTITIALIS: antennis fetariis, alis albis: fafciis quatuor
connexis nigris, fcutello flavo. Linn. Syft. Nat. 2.
999. 127.—Fn. Su. 1879. |
Degeer. Inf. 6. 42. 16. tab. 2. figs 10, 11.

La mouche des tetes de Chardons. Geoff. Inf. 2. 499. 14.

- Found in the middle of fummer on thiftles, and is an elegant —

_ object for the microfcope. ,

B4 PLATE

2
x
~

[ 109° J

TL AT EB CEX x.

ASILUS CRABRONIFORMIS.

Hornet Fy.

DIPTERA.

Wings, two:

GENERIC CHARACTER.
Trunk horny? long ftraight, bivalved.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER

AND

SYNONYMS.

Body hairy; the three fegments next the thorax black, the four
others yellow.

-As1LUS CRABRONIFORMIS: abdomine tomentofo antice fegmentis

; tribus nigris poftice flavo inflexo. Fab.
Spec. Inf. 2. 461.65.—Linn. Syft. Nat. 2.
1007. 4.

Afilus ferrugineus abdominis articulis prioribus *atris pofteribus
quatuor flavis Geoff. Inf. 2. 468. 8. tab.

17. fag 3: eee .
Afilus fubehirfutus, antennis fetigeris, abdomine antice nigro poftice

flavo fulvo. Degeer. Inf. 6.244. 7. tab. 14.
fig. 3.
Mufca maxima crabroniformis. Raj. Inf. 267.
Erax crabroniformis. Scop. carn, 974.
Scheffer. Icon. tab. 8. fig. 15.
w= Elem. tab. 13.

This

110% PLATE CLXXX,

This isa very confined genus. Fabricius in the Species InfeGtorum |
defcribes only thirty-three kinds; of thefe not more than eight are
natives of this country. The Afilus Crabroniformis is the largeft,
and is not uncommon in fome places in the fummer, particularly
frequenting wet meadows, and flying bufily about the middle of the
day amongft flowers.

Its probofcis is a curious inflrument ; the fting of it is very painful,
and caufes a {welling.

LINNAAN

r en
ae

oes (aie ey .

ot SA a ; ots
ay so ire Ty

= Noe Le
oe a os ee ae
; Ai "eels hile ~ i me,

eee CO Ae

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=
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2
v
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44

f 6 ]

PLATE CCCCXCIV.
MUSCA HOTTENTOTTA.

DIPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Mouth with a foft exferted flefhy probofeis, and two equal lips :
fuckers furnifhed with briftles : feelers two, very fhort, or fometimes
none: antenne generally fhort.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.
Body covered with yellow hairs: wings hyaline, with fufcous nb.

Musca Horrentorra : hirta flavefcens, alis hyalinus : cofta fufca.
Linn. Fn. Suec. 1787.—Gmel, Linn. Syft. T. 1.
p. 5. 2831. 13—Fabr. Spec. Inf. &. p. 415.
n. 16.

Nemote.us Horrentotrus. Degeer. Inf. 6. p. 190. n. 12.
t. 11. f. 7-—Scheff. Icon. t. 76. f. 6.

A large, curious, and elegant fpecies, and one of confiderable rarity

in this country ; in the north of Europe st appears to be very far from

uncommon,

PLATE

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f hee 2) Shh ed

TEAL ..

Ae

Am ne valk chads eoanilarnd pe fated wrod we ‘te leugron |

1 san % 2 aumta aed, vibe suse ald a
yet. 0K Jom f Bey Pere Y aad.
id. & Apl opa hees thy oi 4 m
| GE ates
SG ay DB yak = WS ok srewexag rel wa
(te 5 wid A Reda? ied ah io 4 a

ee

—
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5

Tp shhes coib Deus Yo 900 Brae: be a en ia ty St ; a ul J
nto! vel na od of ti rF agent ‘ Hie ada a1 .

out a Sap te i

1140

Da

Peo aA OX Va

POMBYLIUS MEDIU Ss.

DIPTERA.

Win gs two.

CEINER EC CHARACTE Rh.
Trunk taper, very long, between two honivontal valves;

SPECIFIC CHARACTER

AND

SYNONYMS,

\

Thorax and body yellowifh brown, white at the extremity. Wings,
with bro {fpots.

eo us Meptus: alis fulco pun¢tatis corpore flavefcente pof-
" tice albo.— Linn. Sy/?. Nat. 2. 1009. 2. 1919.

BomsyLivs PUNCTATUS niger an fulvis, alis fufco punétatis.—

De Geer. Inf. 6. 269. 2. tab, 15. fig. 12.
Scheff. Elem. tab. 27.1.
Icon. tab. 78. fig. 8
Fab. Syft. Ent. 802. 2.
Spec. Inf. 2. 473.

|

The Bombylius genus is very concife. Fabricius in the Species
Infetorum enumerates only nine fpecies, of thofe five are found in

= major, medius, minor, ater and fufcus ; the three former

are natives of this country; the fourth is frequent in Germany ; the
i lait

6 PLA we CX.

laft in Italy—To thefe F abricius has added a few fpecies in his laft
work Entomologia Syftema, which have not been defcribed before, but

they are all exotics.

The f{pecies figured in the annexed plate is not common. It lives
on the ne€tareous juice of flowers. Is found in May. |

LL TSR me =

F 1 ,G.« Te

MUSCA. HYPOLEON.

DIPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER:

A {oft flexible trunk, with lateral lips at the end. No palpi.

SPECIFIC HWARACTER.

Eyes brown. Thorax black, margined with yellow. Abdomen
black, with five yellow fpots. Legs yellow.

Mufca Hypoleon. Lin. Sy/t. Nat.
Stratiomys Hypoleon. Fab. Mantifa. 2. p. 347. N° 63.

=e gas

This Infeét was taken laft Auguft, flying among fome rufhes in
Batterfea meadows. The line at Fig. 2. denotes the natural fize.

PLAT®

C Fg J :

PES er reve
BOMBYLIUS MAJOR.

HuMBLE-BEE Fry.

Dips ER As

Wings two.

GENERIC, CHARACTER.

Trunk taper, very long, fharp, between two horizontal valves.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Body fhort, thick, covered with thick yellowifh down. Wings
dark brown next the anterior margin; tranfparent next the pofte-
rior margin. Legs long, a black.

fone Sy/ft. Nat. » food. Aas Sv. 1918.
Bombylius variegatus, &c.
Deszeer. Inf. ©. 268. ee ae 15. £ig. v0.
v s+ Afilus, &e, ‘Geoff? Inf..2> 466. 1.3
Reaum. Inf. 4. Tab. 8. Fig. 115-12, 13+
Mouff. Inf. 64. Fig. 5.
Scop. Carn. i018.
Raj. Inf. 2.73.
Schaef. Icon. Tab. 79. Fiz. 5.
| Huffnag. Inf. Tab. 8. Fig. 3.
Aldr. Inf. 359. fe 10¢

We

$0 PLATE LXVI.

We have only three fpecies of this genus in England, that, Me«
dius, and Minor.

B. Major is not very rare, its ufual time of appearance is June and
July. | r

‘Together with other fpecies of the Bombylius genus, it is fometimes,
called the Sword-Bee-Fly: this appellation it receives from the fingu-
lar form of its trunk; to affift our defcription, we have reprefented its
appearance when magnified, at Fig. I. | \

It hovers from flower to flower, when the warmth of the fun in-
vites it abroad, and extracts the neClar from flowers, by darting its
probofcis into them, but never refts while feeding.

PLATE

7 i: iy “7
Pat -13 Gage eo ate fa ee ak). e
: a *

fe :
nA s e) | |
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i ea si ~

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L 69 J

PLATE DXXXVI.

i - BOMBYLIUS MINOR.
SMALL HUMBLE BEE! FLY.

DIPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Mouth with a very long ftraight fetaceous fucker, formed of two
umequal horizontal valves, and containing fetaceous ftings.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Wings immaculate: body yellowith, hairy: legs teftaceous.

BomeyLivus minor: alis immaculatis, corpore flavefcente hirto,
pedibus teftaceis. Linn. Sy/i. Nat. 1009. 4.—
Fn. Sv. 1920.—Kabr. Ent. Syfi. 1. 4. 409.
n.Q.

This is the laft of the Bombylius tribe we have to defcribe in the
prefent work ; three {pecies only being found in Britain and of thefe

two are already included.
The

vie) PLATE DAXXAVL

The three fpecies of Britifh Bombylii bear the names of major,
medius, and minor; and thefe are fufficiently expreflive of the com-
parative fize of each, major being the largeft, minor lefs by one half ;
and medius of an intermediate fize between the other two. The
latter appears to be more rare than either: it is found in fpring, hover-
ing over flowers the neétareous juices of which, afford its favourite
food. The figure reprefents this littJe fpecies in its natural fize.

PLATE

7. ae &
: a eres aly re
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sh iar ak pees es a

i is te Gn Ye raed ¥ Jpgtedt ee 7
4 olen ua? ie ols bi Oe ban. ified: -
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[ 87 ]

PLATE DLXXIV.
MUSCA TENAX.
DIPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER,

Mouth with a foft exferted flefhy probofcis with two equal lips:
fucker furnifhed with briftles; feelers two, very fhort or none; an-
tenne ufually fhort.

* Syrphus.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.

Downy: thorax grey: abdomen brown: hind-fhanks compreffed
and gibbous.

Musca TENAX. Linn. Syjft. Nat. 2. 984. 32.—Fn. Su. 1799.
SyRPHUS TENAX: antennis fetariis tomenofus thorace grifeo, abdo-
mine fufco, tibiis pofticis compreflo gibbis, Fadr.
Ent. Syft. T. 4. 288. 36. /
—————

- Found in dung and putrid fubftances.

PLATE

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[5 ]

PLATE DVIL

MUSCA MORTUORUM.

DIPTERA,

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Mouth with a foft exferted flefhy probofcis and two equal lips:
fucker furnifhed with briftles; feelers two, very fhort (or none) antenn»

fhort.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER

AND

SYNONYMS.

Antenne feathered; thorax black: abdomen brafly green: legs
black.

Musca MORTUORUM: antennis plumatis, thorace nigro, abdomme
viridi neo, pedibus nigris. Linn. Sy/t. Nat.
2. 986, 66.—Ln. Sv. 1830.—Fabr. Ent. Sy/i.
T. 4. $18. n. 23. .

A native of Sweden, and other parts of Europe; it is to be
efteemed alfo a britifh fpecies, a fpecimen having been lately taken

by

6 PL AYP ER DVI.

by Mr. W. E. Leach, in Scotland: this was met with on the bog
m which the battle of Bannockbourn was fought, a wafte in the
vicinity of Stirling, and is the fole authority within our recolleétion

upon which we could venture to confider it a native of thefe —

kingdoms. It is a moft interefting acquifition, and is reprefented in
its natural fize with all poffible fidelity, in two different pofitions.

In addition to the character afligned to this fpecies by Linnaeus, we
ought to obferve that the thorax is lineated with black, and greyifh, a
circumftance to which Fabricius refers in the expreflion “thorax fub-
lineatus ;” in the fpecimen above defcribed, thefe lines are pretty

diftinét,

PLATE

4

: Ter w ani e
hs a P ad ae
ay Gee
3 a x SP 4

WP a> MC The «

S66

PLATE CCCLXVI. 19

PLA.LEE CCELXVI.

MUSCA PULCHELLA:

STRIPED-WING MUSCA.
DIPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Mouth with a foft exferted flefhy probofcis, and two unequal lips :
fucker befet with briftles: feelers fhort, and two in number, or
fometimes none: antennz ufually fhort.

- * Section, Antenne a naked brijile.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Downy, cinereous: difk of the wings yellowihh-brown, with a
flexuous white hyaline ftripe.

Musca PULGHELLA: antennis fetariis pilofa cinerea alarum difco
fufco flavefcente: vitta flexuofa albo-hyalina. Fabr. Ent.
Syjt. T. 4. p. 352. fp. 167.

Mufca pulchella antennis fetariis pallida teftacea pilofa alis patulis late
flavo nigro fafciatis. Roffi. En. Etrufe. 2. 514. 1528
tab. 8. fig. 6. mal.

The Fabrician Entomological work above-mentioned, affords a
copious: and diftinct account of this elegant fpecies of Mutca.
Fabricius met with it in the cabinet of M. Bofc, and obferves that

D2 it

£0 PLATE CCCLXVI.

it inhabits Gardens in Italy. Two years previous, however, to the
appearance of Entomologia Syfiematica*, Roffius had defcribed and
figured this fpecies in his Fauna Etrufca +, as an Italian infect, fo
that the latter muft be confidered as the firft defcriber of it. Pro-
bably it has not been noticed by any other continental writer fince {;
as a native of Great Britain it is certamly undefcribed.

Mufca pulchella we muft efteem as a very fearce infeét in this
country. Our fpecimens were taken in the Wilds of Kent, near
Faverfham, and it has occurred, though rarely, as we are informed,

nearer the vicmity of London.

The upper figure in the plate exhibits an enlarged reprefentation
of this curious infect in a flying pofition, the natural fize appears
below.

* 1792.
+ Publifhed in 1790.

+ Gmelin omits this and many other very interefting infects defcribed by Fabricius,
which we might expect to find in his improved edition of the Linnean Syfiema
Nature.

PLATE

“ :

uy sey _ ee

: it 7 = ov

oe a: oe -
ee arn ie 7 .
ei Se oot. De % on ay fam d -
i r oer! _ a, eu 0 oo 0) ? z E
‘ =) 7 ae 7 -
— * eee

P65

f

[ 67 J

Pipa Ti COCCILXY.

MUSCA CINGULATA. |

YELLOW GIRDLED MUSCA.
DIPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Mouth with a foft exferted flelhy probofcis and two equal lips:
fucker furnished with briftles: feelers two, very fhort or fometimes
none: antenne generally fhort.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Musca cincuLaTa. Deep velvetty black with a fingle yellow zone
on the firft joint of the abdomen: legs yellowith,
extreme half of the thighs black.

Taken, though not in abundance, in the month of July, on the
hedges near the road-side about Nutfield in Surrey. ‘The fmalleft

ficure, No. I. exhibits the natural fize.

PLATE

x 2

ee ee ee ee ee le ee? Pvt eee ae eee Le oo)

" Ba : - , a | ' Ne = ; : ’ ‘ - ,

4 ‘
‘
y
ay
(
:
a

se

iy ies Ol

PLAT# »,CCCCEXVIL

E&Gert..I.

MUSCA VIBRANS. |

VIBRATORY FLY.

DIPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Mouth’ with a foft exferted flefhy probofcis and two equal lips :
fucker furnifhed with brifiles: feelers two, very fhort, or fometimes
none: antenne generally fhort.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.
_ Wings hyaline with the tip black: head red.

Musca visrans: alis hyalinis apice nigris, capite rubro. Linn,
Fn. Suec. 1867.—Degeer. Inf: 6. p. 32. n. 11.
Ef. 10:

Found about trees, and diftinguifhed in its flight by the brifk vibra-
tory motion of its wings.

The figure refting on the leaf in the annexed plate denotes the na-
tural fize, that in the upper part of the plate its magnified appearance.

FIG.

72 PLATE CCCCLXVIL.

Freesat t=

MUSCA QUADRISTRIGATA.

FOUR STREAKED FLY.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Musca QUADRISTRIGATA. Brown: band furrounding the eyes,
four fireaks on the thorax, and {cutel yellow.

A minute fpecies reprefented in its natural fize by the fmalleft figure -
in the lower part of the plate. Its magnified appearance is {hewn be-
low.

PLATE

os i
) eee

ALE oe
oe ‘ be eo a ‘ Zs
3 - 2 r

14-2.

re

Po aed: Be cxet,

PeGe A,
MUSCA ALD RATA,

DIPTERA.

Wings two.

GENERIC CHARACTER.
A foft flexible trunk, with lateral lips at the end, no Palpi,

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Head brown. ‘Thorax polifhed, greenifh, or braffy. Abdomen
flat, obtufe, brownifh gold-colour. Legs yellowifh; Feet brown.

Mufca aurata = antennis fetariis nitida thorace zneo, abdomine obtufo
aureo. Fabricius. nt. Syft. Vol. VI. 335,
Mantiffa. Vol. HI. p. 347. No. 63.

a7

This Infe& has been only noticed in the latter writings of Fabri-
cius. We have not found it uncommon in the fummer upon the
leaves of Fruit trees ; and particularly on fuch as grow againtt a fouth
wall: they fly brifkly about noon, when the fun {hines.

© FIG:

92 PL AMT ex.

BiG? Sie

Musca SEMI-ARGENTATA.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Eyes brown. ‘Thorax green; changeable to filver. Abdomen
filvery, with thades of bright yellow, and grey, and fome tranfverfe
ftreaks of black, vety changeable. _

Mufca femi-argentata. Marfham’s MSS.

We do not find that this rare and beautiful Infect has been de-
feribed either by Linneus or Fabricius. It was taken a few years
fince in Epping Foreft by Mr. Bentley, an eminent Collector of
Englith Infects, and noticed by Thomas Marfham, Efg. Sec. L.S.
an his Manufcript Notes, under the fpecific name Semi-argentata.
Several {pecimens of it were taken Jaft June in Epping Foreft; ex-
cept them, we have not heard of any being met with for fome time.

Fig. 2. natural fize. Fig. 3. magnified.

PLATE,

b a. ae 4 a >> a >
= Ea és
LS fe

ot

vs

, Wes)
J 7 ‘we :
f hit bd
<7 tw,

ee
~

[13 ]

PLATE DXI.
MUSCA FESTIVA.
DIPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Mouth with a foft exferted flefhy probofcis, and two equal lips :
fucker furnifhed with briftles: feelers two, very fhort (or none)

antenne fhort.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER,

Green and golden, glofled with red, and
cinereous: thorax lineated with yellow: abdomen

banded with black.

Musca FESTIVA.

An infeé&t of peculiar beauty, extremely rare, and which does not
appear to be defcribed by any author.

The natural fize of this very curious fpecies is denoted by the
fmaller figure in the upper part of the plate: when magnified, as is
fhewn beneath, its appearance is remarkable for its fingularity. ‘The
head is rather fmall and green, with eyes of a deep fufcous colour : the
thorax green gloffed with blue, with a double goldeu yellow line in

the

14 PLATE DXI.

the middle, and a fingle one on each fide: the abdomen greenith,
and partaking more of the rich metallic hues of gold, yellow, and
tints of red, than the other parts. The whole of the body is of a
fomewhat flender form; the wings large, and the legs long and

flender in proportion

PLATE

a

o
ae
oe 4

fe
he
or

bance!

PLATE CCECXLV.

FIG. £ I.
MUSCA MACULATA.
SPOTTED FLY.

DIPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

“Mouth with a foft exferted flefhy probofcis and two equal lips:
fucker furnished with briftles: feelers two, very fhort or fometimes
none : antennz generally fhort.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND 4

SYNONYMS.

Cinereous: thorax lineated with black: abdomen fpotted with black,
and marked at the tip with two black dots.

Musca MACULATA: antennis plumatis pilofa nigra, thorax nigro-
lineato, abdomine atro-maculato, ano bipunctato.
Linn. Syft. Nat. 12. 2. p. 990. ». 70.
Scop. ent. carn. 870.
Musca MACULATA: cinerea, thorace abdomineque maculis nu-
| merofis atris.. Fabr. mant. Inf. 2. p. 342. 2. 8.

; This
VORs S111. oot

26 PLATE CCCCXLYV.

This is a remarkably pretty {pecies, and appears to confiderable ad-
vantage before the lens of an opaque microfcope. ‘The two fmall.
diftinct black dots on the extreme joint of the abdomen is a ftriking
chara¢ter of this interefting infect.

The {malleft figure reprefents the natural fize ; this fpecies is found
on plants in Europe, and 1s rare.

FIG. Tak

MUSCA SERICEA,

SILKY MUSCA.

PECIFIC CHARACTER.

Musca sEnicea. Silky: head, thorax and fcutel fubteftaceous:
firft three joints of the abdomen reddish-orange with
a dorfal black ftripe ; tip greyifh black.

if

A curious fpecies and of the fize denoted by the fmalleft figure (Ne.
2.) in the annexed plate. The whole furface of this infeét except the
wings has a delicate filky appearance: the thorax is marked in the-
middle with two diftant black lines, and each fide with two ihorter

lines

2 nee Pan) ra
27 ela ent: vr a Min “ove 7

-

By * ; ' _
7 #4"
Meg y> -« ' > a a 2 x
F te < : _
‘- ; , ; ‘ii, %; “y dk a Lear * a . 4 “ i
ee has 7
A 7
. : id 7 hc ik } '¢
. j i ae
a ree*® ‘ 2 .
ve - pane ay +“ , aia io’ ee
.

¥ .
,
® s a
. 7 eS
c i %
ci Wa on We

ceererkss 4

am : es jal ete Pubes eon wild
ws - | ona

¢” wa | ee) oat A« Re ated Pri ae ‘ a Pal + 4G, as

PEA TE’ CCCCxLy, 27

lines of the fame colour, forming altogether a remarkable character of
this particular fpecies, as

This kind appears to be rare, our fpecimen was taken in Kent in the
neighbourhood of Faverfham.

Bg PLATE

or) ae ee: wh

Dat]

PLATE CCCCXIX,

MUSCA GROSSIFICATIONIS.

DIPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Mouth with a foft, exferted flelhy probofcis, and two unequal lips: -
fucker befet with fmall briftles: feelers fhort, and two in number,
or fometimes none: antenne ufually fhort.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Deep black: wings black, tipped with white.

Musca GRosSIFICATIONIS: atra, alis uigris apice albis. Lenz.

Fn. Suec. 1865.

Mufca antennis fetariis alis nigris apice albis. Linn. Syft. Nat.
Edit. 10. p. 599. n. 84.

Mutca nigra alis fufcis, apicibus albis. 4é?. Upf. 1736. p. 33. . 50.
Fabr. Sp. Inf. 2. p. 451. n. 83.
Ginel. Linn. Syfi. Nat. 2855. 109.

La mouche a ailes noires & tache blanche a Vextrémeté. Geoff. In/: 2.
p. 493. n. 1,

This

72 PLATE CCCCXIX.

This diminutive fpecies of Mufca is mentioned by Linnaeus as |
one of the rareft of all the European infeéts. It is certainly un-
common, and efpecially in England. Geoffroy found it on flowers in
the royal garden at Paris. ‘The fmalleft figure denotes the natural —
fize. :

© ‘ ; ae pt «

A ; a
& y aT
Sgt aah a

rere rie “

: . 45
r F
ef ia a coe iC -- = ez

3

4
a?
7 a

[ 95 ]

PLAT E» CCCCXXIX:

MUSCA HEMIPTERUS.

DIPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Mouth with a foft exferted flefhy probofcis, and two unequal lips:
fucker befet with briftles: feelers fhort, and two in number, or fome-
times none: antenne ufually fhort.

* Syrphus: antenne naked.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER

AND

SYNONYMS.

Musca Hemirrervs. Downy: thorax with a ferruginous border:
wings thick, cimereous: fufcous varied with yel-

lowith.

Syrpuus Hemiprerus: antennis fetariis tomentofus thoracis limbe
ferrugineo, alis craflioribus cinereis fufco fla-
vefcentique variis. Fabr. Ent. Syjt. T. 4. 284.
n. 22.
Schaef. Icon. Tab. 71. fig. 6?

Musca Suscoteoptrata: Gmel. Linn. Syft. Nat. 2869. n.335.

An infeét nearly allied to the Linnean Conops fubcoleoptrata, or

Mujfca fubcoleoptrata of the Gmelinian edition of the Syftema Nature.
Gmelin

96 PLATE CCCCXXIX.

Gmelin confiders it as the fame infe&t, but Fabricius defcribes it as a _
diftinét fpecies, diftinguifhing the M. Swbcoleoptrata by the black
thorax, and cinereous wings with two brown flexuous ftripes ; and
the M. Hemiptera (our prefent fpecies) by the thorax being fur-
rouuded by a ferruginous border, and the cinereous wings varied with
yellowifh.—Fabricius has fince conftituted a new genus of Dipterous
infects, under the name of THEREVA, in which both thefe fpecies of

Mulce are included *. ‘

This mfeét is very uncommon in England.

* Suppl. Ent. Syft. I. p. 560. n. 2.

PLATE

a
Sree E* -CEY

BG: of.

MUSCA BRASSICARIA.,

CYLINDRICAL BLY.

DIPTERA.
Wings 2.
GENERIC CHARACTER.

‘

A foft flexible Trunk, with lateral lips at the end: no Palpi.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS,

Thorax greenifh. Abdomen cylindrical; fecond and third Seg-
ment reddifh yellow.

Musca BRAssICARIA: antennis fetarus nigra, abdomine cylindrico:
fegmento fecundo tertioque rufis. ab. Spec. Inf.
2,36. 443.—Sy/t. Ent. 25. p. 88.—Mant. Inf. I. 2.
43, 345.—Ent. Sy/t. 4. 327. 63.

Mufca cylindrica: Antennis fetariis pilofa cinereo nigra, abdomine
cylindrico elongato medio rufo. Degeer. Inf: 6. ne
9. p. 30. tad. 1. fig. 12,

Mouche cylindrique. Abid.

Die Kohlfliege. Panz. Faun. Inf. Germ.

Cc The

18 PLA Be 1 CL.

The Mufce, if we follow the arrangement of Linnzus, form by
far the moft extenfive of any genus (except Lepidoptera) we have at —
prefent any knowledge of. Fabricius enumerates in his laft * Work —
no lefsthan 202 Species, under the generic title Mu/ca; independent
of thefe we find 122, under the head Syrphus,; 22 under Rhagio, and
25 under Stratiomys, all of which (with fome exceptions) would make
according to the Linnzan arrangement 349 f{pecies; not to notice
the Infeéts of the fame tribe included under his generic appella-
tions, Anthrax, Bibio, Nemotelus, &c. ‘

Mufea Brafficaria is not uncommon in gardens in May and June.
Sometimes found on Willows,

Fig. 1, Oneof the Antenne magnified.

* Syf. Ent.

=

=

a a ee,

F1G,

ie Wee ; ee ee i Be a ee Pe ee ee eee
Pues ae “ 7 7 “al . “« 7 ra 7 = 2 7 _

=

BO 0 a cary Se ee ee er
’ a = ys) Md it:

ee

Beene CLL “ iy

BiG. 11. ;

wes LUMULOR UM,

SMALL, LONG HORNED BEE.

HYMENOPTERA.

Wings four, generally membraneous. Tail of the female armed

with a fling.
GENERIC CHARACTER.

Jaws, with a Trunk bent downwards. Antennz elbowed in the
middle. Wings plain. Body hairy. Abdomen conneéted by a
_ pedicle.

wee iCir le VOHARACT ER
AND
SYNONYMS,

Antenne rather longer than the body. Entirely black, with greyifh
hairs. Jaws yellow.

Aris TumuLornum. Lin. Sy/?. Nat. 2.953. 2. edit. 3.—Fn. Su.
1685.
Apis Tumulorum: Antennis filiformibus longitudine corporis nigris
maxillis flavis. Fab. Sy/t. Ent. 588. 57.—Spec. Inf.
1. 486. 122.

Eucera Tumulorum, vol. 2. 344. 159.
Suiz. Hifl. Inf. tad. 27. fig. 14.

This extraordinary Bee is found in Summer, againft banks, when
the weather is fine. Were it not forthe remarkable length of the

: ‘ . .
Antenne, it would fcarcely deferve notice, though it is rather a

{carce Infeé.
C2 FIG.

BEALE > CLL al

SC Ae DLO

LABANUsS, reuU VIALILS.

SPECKLED-WING STINGING FLy.

DIPTERA.
Wings 2.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antenne conic, of four fegments. Trunk flefhy, terminated by
two lips. Palpi ene on each fide of the Trunk.

ee Clan Cd A RAC ee
AND

SYNONYMS.

Eyes green. Thorax brown grey, with feven longitudinal lines:
Abdomen grey with marks of black. Waings brown fpeckled with
white.

TABANUS PLUVIALIS. Lin. Syft. Nat. 16. p. 1001. edit. 13..”. 16:
p. 2885.—Fn. Su. n. 1887.
Tabanus Pluvialis: oculis fafciis quaternis undatis, alis fufco punc-
tatis. Fab. Sy/t. Ent. n. 16. p. 790.—Spec. Inf. 2.
n. 23. pv459.—Mant. Inf. 2. n, 26. p. 356.—Ent.
Sy/t. vol. 4. p. 369. 134, 32.
Tabanus fufcus, alis cinerecis, punétis numerofifimisalbis. Geof.
tafe 1 2n op. ae.
Le Taon Aailes brunes piquéesde blanc. Geoff. Inf.
Die Regenbreme. Panz. Faun. Inf. Germ.
Reaum. Inf. +. tab. 18. fig. 1.
Harris Inf. angl. tab. 7. fig. 8.
C 3 Scop.

22 PevAST Ee CL

Scop. carn. n. 1012. .
Schrank. Inf. auftr. n. 978. m
Schaffer. Icon. Inf. Ratifbon. tab. 85. fig. 8.9.

During all the Summer months we find this tormenting little
Infeét in great abundance, in the narrow lanes and fkirts of woods.
If it fettles on the hands, face, or legs, its fting is very acute, and
excites an inflammation and {welling, very fimilar to that we ex-
perience from the fling of the Tabanus ca@cutiens, defcribed in
Plate 131, of this Work. .

Its fting is moft violent about the middle of the day.

a

F1G.

PLATE*CLI 93

Re Ge Ly.

NECES: C6 A UBONIB Y LAN S.
DiprTERA.
Musca.

SPEC MrIC Gia GE i

SYNONYMS.

’ Antennz feathered. Body black and hairy; extremity of the
Abdomen yellow.

Musca Bemsyuans. Lin. Sy/?. Nat.25.p.983.—Fn. Su. n. 1792.

Syrphus bombylans: Antennis plumatis tomentofus niger, abdomine
poftice rufo.— Fad. Sy/t. Ent. n. 1. p. 762.—Spec.
Inf. 2.1. p. 421.—Mantiffa Inf. 2. 1. p. 834.~—-

Ent. Syft. 4. p. 279. 232.

Conops pocopyges. Pod. Muf. grec. n.

Die hummelartige Schwebfliege. Panz. Faun. Inf. Germ.
Harris. Inf. angl. tab. 10. fig: 3.

FED Re ES

This is acommon Fly; and is found in woods in May. A figure
of one of the Antenne is given at Fig. 4.

C4 Ba Ge

SECs iaasthat

oft . 2

"a? na a
y 2 i
es oe ee ee espair es

ae trig Hhisassyscueted ok — an See gus oe
on Dee. 4 ‘eaionnl orate wnpetlantyey GIF :

> 5 ganas Si (Sve eal icetonaing ;

—_ (a oa "ite se px Prise saa 7 :
“ ie Ta, seit Go ie % ie Poe
d 7 thee ‘“ iv we Pa saad Hecont iter
. }A

on = ide, aeuh. Grr ho we em J

a mn a, - 7 - : >
Ws babar a air Sanaa ok cis oie “so :
7 ees : hp Sy

— Ee it ee —
tine’ pes a ten Aims thy
; Ls
i Sy aan ies oe ad,
ae ey ne he ane |
he on “a Fess : Pita ied a ae ote

ki ak susp 7
u 5

| a yt an

ety
7
4
nt aS
a
aah
Ales
i 4S
A. :
«

PLATE CL. 25

Wb ter Vs

MUSCA TRILINEATA.
TRILINEATED FLy.
‘Divaeea,

Musca.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND |
SY NONY MS.

Yellow green. Three longitudinal black lines on the Thorax.
Abdomen marked with black. Two teeth on the {cutellum.

Musca TRILINEATA: antennis filatis clavatis, fcutello bidentato,
? corpore viridi, thorace lineis abdomineque faciis
nigris. Liz. Sy/t. Nat. n. 6. p. 980. edit. 13. 2. 6.
p. 235.
' Stratiomys trilineata: {cutello bidentato, corpore viridi, thorace lineis
abdomineque faciis nigris. Fab. Syft. Ent. n. 7. p.
760.—Sper. Inf. 2.9. p. 418.—Mantiffa. Inf. 2. 14.
p: 331.
Stratiomys luteo-virefcens. Geoff. Paris. t. 2, n. 7. p. 482.
Stratyomys fafciata, Fourcroy. Ent. Paris. 2. 7. p. 468.
-Griine Waffenfliege. Dreygeftreifte Waffentliege.

La Mouche-armée jaune 4 bandes noires. Panz, Faun. Inf, Germ.

Sa

A very curious and fcarce fpecies. It was found among fome

elder leaves which were gathered in Batterfea Meadows, early in

June, 1795.
When

ao oe CLI.

ceedingly bright, and partakes fomewhat of a metallic and eek
feveral parts, but this brilliant a gra

magnified figure of fucha minute Infeét.

, ci
.
t i
i
= e
5 vee
a
‘
q
.
it
=
*
‘
i
t
t
n ee

[ 19 ]

PLATE CCCCI.

PIG a
MUSCA PYRASTRI.

DIPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Mouth with a foft exferted flefhy probofcis, and two unequal lips:
fucker befet with briftles : feelers fhort and two in number, or fome-
times none: antenne ufually fhort.

* Antenne a naked briftle.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Almoft naked, black: alerax immaculate: abdomen with three

pair of recurved whitifh lunules.

Musca Pyrasteri: nudiufcula, nigra, thorace immaculato, abdo-
| mine bis tribus lunulis albis recurvatis. Linn.
Fn. Suec. 1817.
Scop. Ent. Carn. 931.
Gmel. Linn. Syft. Nat. 2875- fp. 51.
Syreuus Pyrastrai. Fabr. Spec. Inf. 2. p. 432. n- 58.—Mant.
Inf. 2. p. $40. n. 67.—Ent. Syft. T. 4. 305.

m. 102.
De Musca

20 PLATE CCCCI.

Musca Rosm. De Geer. Inf: 6. p. 108. n. 5. é. 6. fag. 18.
Mautea thorace nigro-viridi, abdomine atro ovato, tribus paribus

lunularum albicantium.—lLa mouche a fix taches
blanches en croifiant fur le ventre. Geoffr. Inf-2.
517. n. 46.
Frifch. Inf. 11. ¢.2
Reaums Tijes. 3).

The larva of this Infeét feeds on the fpecies of aphis that infetts
the common pear; it is of a fine green colour, with a fingle yellowifh
white dorfal line, extending the whole length, from the head to the
extremity of the tail. , The winged infeGt occurs in gardens.

EKG ue
MUSCA CAEMETERIORUM.

SPIECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SY NONY MS.

Brafly black: abdomen depreffed, black, and fhinmg: wings

blackifh.

Musca CAEMETERTORUM: nigro aeneus abdomine depreffo atro
nitido, alis nigricantibus. Linn. Fn. Suec. 1842.
Syi. Nat. 2. 992. 89.

Syrpuus Caemetertonum: Fabr. Ent. Sy. T. 4. p. 303. n94-

Tnhabits Sweden, and other parts of Europe, as well as England.

FIG.

a ae

ae ‘ - >a 09 ac; 2 7 :
e i ; : ‘ ye 4 san

ermine sfataan!

a , :
i er
%
—" :
oP aioe)
|
fo 2
i ao ‘an
= —_
des 7
if
* ie
niles
es =
Y Pod
‘ :
Lae d
w . a :
7
= ae
is . } ,
ee Bl -
‘ - =
ae Ss 7
va, &
r

7 a
7
ae ui}
a =
>|
, % ye
y 4
-
ae :
a

iw iia

eat . i: an
ra nr Panne

PLATE CCCCI. 3}

FIG. III.

MUSCA RIBESII

RED CURRANT-LOUSE FLY.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Almoft naked: thorax immaculate: abdomen with four yellow
belts, the firft interrupted.

Musca Risescii: nigra nudiufcula, thorace immaculato, abdo-
mine cingulis quatuor flavis: primo interrupto.
Linn. Fn. Suec. 1817.—Gmel. Linn. Syjt. Nat.
9875. n. 50.

Feeds on the aphides ribis, or plant-loufe, that infefts the red

currant.

This infect agrees with the Linnean fpecific defcription of Ribefcit ;
yet we muft obferve, that the extreme fezment of the abdomen being
yellow, feems to forma fifth, or additional yellow band, to the four,
defcribed by that author and by Fabricius

PLATE

40 PLATE CCCCLI

brownih red, and the ¢lub of the poifers yellow. Its wings are brown
midway down from the coftal rib, and becomes hyaline towards the
ghinner margin. The legs are reddith. ;

PLATE

‘ i ime ;

clr, el > Bay afr Bi. os Pond:
“. MIA eh cart ete bm

ae is ree ae) a * won

3/2

PLATE COCHERTE:

MUSCA PLUVIALIS.

?

RAINY FIVE-SPOT MUSCA.
DIPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Mouth with a foft, exferted, flefhy probofcis, and two unequal
lips: fucker befet with briftles: feelers fhort, and two in number, or

fometimes none: antenne ufually fhort.

* Antenne a naked brifile.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Cinereous, with five black fpots on the thorax, and obfolete {pots
on the abdomen.

Musca Puiuviauis: cinerea, thorace maculis quinque nigris, ab-
domine obfoletis. Linn. Fn. Suec. 1844.—Linn:
Syft. Nat. 2.992. 83.—Gamel. Linn. Syjt. Nat. T. 1.

p. 5. 2847. Jp. 83.

Musca Puuviauts. Fabr. Spec. Inf. 2. p. 443. n. 40.— Mant.
inf. 2. p. 340. n. 47.—Ent. Sy. T. 4. p. 329.

Sp. 71.
La Mouche cendrée & points noirs. Geoffr. 1 nf. Par. 2. p. 529. 2. 68-
De Geer. Inf. 6. p. 27.0. Cs .
18 This

VOR. XI.

" 84 P LAT Be CCCLXXII.

This pretty infect is a general inhabitant of Europe. Before rain.

it is obferved to affemble in fwarms, and conceal itfelf under the
leaves of plants, where it remains perfectly tranquil till the rain is
over. It is reprefented both in the natural fize, and magnified, in the

annexed plate.

PLATE

—

pe Getta o> rie.
Bl Panw Petia, |

¥
a
;
i) i
7 ay
‘a
’
6 7
:
i
a - i
dy ;
E
e

e
yy
|
.
|
hs
: ae
| |
me
L i?
nec
3 al i"
7 ca
ae
2 “
|
ti
mene 7
ae
2 he a
|
Bie *
a
- iy

Sbties

=

y

st Ae

as
al
i
*

yi ae ve Foatet sins OEE

re dy Pets

)
hs - ree st

es |

EUAT E CCCCX XIV;

FIG. I.

MUSCA ROTUNDATA.

DIPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER

Mouth with a foft exferted flefhy probofcis, and two unequal lips :
fucker befet with briftles: feelers fhort and two in number, or fome-
times none: antennz ufually fhort.

* Antenne a naked briftle.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS,

Thorax lineated: abdomen fubrotund, ferruginous, with a dorfal
line of black dots.

Musca Rotrunbata: thorace lineato, abdomine fubrotundo fer-
rugineo : linea longitudinali punttorum nigrorum.
Linn. Syjt. Nat. 2. 991. 67.—£n. Suec. 1838.
Fabr. Ent. Syji. T. 4. p..325. n. 57.

Musca nigra, abdomine hemifpherico rufo, punctorum nigrorum
. ° SI \ 4
ordine longitudinali.— La mouche noire a ventre

hémifphérique roux tacheté de noir. ‘Geoffr.

Inf. T. p. 509. n. 32.
M 2 Lefs

B4 PLATE CCCCXXIV.

Lefs than the common houle-fly, Mufca Domeflica. It inhabits
various parts of Europe, and is not common in England.

The thorax is of a brownifh colour lineated with dufky : the body
nearly round, and marked dowa the middle of the back with a feries
of blackith {pots or dots; the wings are whitifh, faintly tinged with
teftaceous towards the bafe, and the legs blackith.

FIG, IL
MUSCA ARCUATA,

- SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS,

Elongated, black, fpots on the fides of the thorax, and four
arcuated bands on the abdomen yellow,

Musea ARcU ATA; nigra, antennis elongatis, thorace maculis Ja-
teribus, abdomine cingulis quatuor a arcuatis flavis.
Linn. Fn. Suec. 1806.

Syrpuus Arcuatus: Fabr. Ent. Syjt. T. 4. p. 293. n. 55,
Panz. Fn. Germ. 2. tab. 10. | ¥

y)

This fpecies is found on flowers. It is a general inhabitant of
Europe; in England this infect is fearce. —

Fabricius defcribes a very diftin&t fpecies from this under the name

of Mufca Arcuata; the infeét we have figured is the Mufca Arcuata
only of Linnwus, Syrphus Arcuatus of Fabricius. i
5 eb tat pet ' as

PLATE

=

cc re esr...

BAe a 9s #, tigh™

a
E.

se se lh

=

7 ba a

5 ie

eK a

PLATE oOOcxtvi.

eG. iL
MUSCA GROSSA.
GREAT Brack Fty.
DIPTERA.

CANGR ITC CHARA C7 LR:
A foft flexible trunk, with lateral lips at the end. ‘No palpi.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
| AND

SYNONYMS.

Body hairy, black. Wings ferruginous at the bafe.

Musca Grossa: pilofa nigra, alis bafi ferrugincis. Linn. d Gmel.
T.1. pe 5» p- 2845. fp. 75+
Fn, Suec. 1837.
Fab. Sp. Inf. 2. p- 441. n. 39-
Scheff. Icon. tab. 108. fig. 6.
Degeer. Inf. 6. p. 21. me 1. tab. 1. fig. I.

=

The largeft of the Mufca genus found inthis country. Breeds in

dung,

FIG.

54 P LAT E CCCXLVI.

FIG. EL
MUSCA BICINCTA,

DousLe Be.TeD Fry.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Black. Sides of the thorax and two belts acrofs the abdomen
yellow.

Musca Bicincra: nigra, antennis elongatis, thorace lateribus
punctis abdomineque cingulis duobus flavis,
Linn, @ Gmel, JO, 2. §-p. 2872. fp. 38,
Fab. Sp. Inf. 2. p27. 1. 20.
Degeer. Inf. 6. p.120. 0. 16. t. 7. fig. 16.

BE LG. Jt
MUSCA VIBRANS.
| VIBRATORY Fry,

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.

Wings tranfparent, black at the tip. Head red,

Musca

f
_
+ _
_
ye
: =
y
’
™~ a ee. w
“ee ‘
™
ie
=)
; 7 <
be me A a
_ a = m-
-
- 2
> = i q =
ee < = *
a Re
: ae ail _
i 7 aa >
cee 2 -
: 4 ™ +
7 b = »
we 3 = r a
a ie
7 e = * .

me te Nl nite lt EE OS AR

: a :
i} ¢ ef hates
es aie.

:

a
A230, 000k
By ers “—
a 7 aoe
oi.

“a
a

PUAPE cote 58

_ Musca VisRANS: alis_hyalinis apice nigris capite rubro.

Linn. a Gmel. T. 1. p. 5. p. 2855. fp. 112.
Fab. Sp. Inf. 2. p. 450. n. 81.

Degeer. Inf. 6. p. 32... Ut. t. 1. fig. 19.
Geoffr. Inf. p. 2. p. 494. 1. 45

— ons

Remarkable for the continual vibratory motion of its wings.

FIGS Tw
MUSCA CLOSES Saitou

SPECTFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Somewhat hairy, black ; two pellucid fpots on the firft fegment of

the abdomen.

Musca Nocrituca: fubtomentofa atra, abdominis fegmento
primo maculis duabus pellucidis. Linn. a Gmel.
TE. pe §- Po 2874. P- 40-
Faun. Suec. 1814. |
Fab. Sp. Inf. 2p. 431.1. 54.

FIG.

56 PLATE CCCXLVI..

Mt Guy,
MUSCA SCYBALARIA.

SPECTFICCCTIARHEHE R.
Reddith brown, an obfcure dot in the Wings.

Musca ScypaALarIA: rufa ferruginea, alis puncto obfcuriore,
Linn, a Gmel. T. 1. pu 5. p. 2853. fp. 104.
Faun. Suec. 1860.
Fab. Sp. Inf. 2» p. 449. 2.72.
Scop. Carn. 896,

Found on Dung.

PLATE

me). te rm ta
2 . iat oe

Pi) te rere F
Bie ities is a q
mh Py 7
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a eo iat? ra A Aneel z a it
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its
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#71

PLATE CCCCLXXI. .«

PLG. f.
MUSCA MYSTACEA.

DIPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.
if

Mouth with a foft exferted flefhy probofcis, and two equal lips:
fucker furnifhed with briftles: feelers two, and fhort, or fometimes

~.

none: antenne generally hort.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Black : head, margin of the thorax and tip of the abdomen yellow.

Musca MYSTACEA: nigra, thorace abdominisque apice flavis.
Linn. Fn. Suec. 1793.

Syrphus myftaceus. Fabr. Spec. Inf. T. 2. p. 421. 175. Lm
Scheff. Elem. t, 131.—Icon. t. 10. f- 9

Tnhabits woods.

FIG,

16 PLATE CCCCLX&L

ELG>s ii.
MUSCA MERIDIANA.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Hairy, black: front golden: wings ferruginous at the bafe.

Musca MERIDIANA: nigra, fronte aurea, alis bafi ferrugineis.
Linn. Fn. Suec. 1827.
Fabr. Sp. Inf. 2. p. 435. n. 3.

Mufca nigra, alis bafi ferrugineis. Geoff Inf. 2. 495. 5.

Common in woody places throughout moft parts of Europe.

PLATE

eine

#99

PLAT RY CCCCXC,

ELG.,b
MUSCA INANIS.

DIPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Mouth with a foft exferted flefhy probofeis, and two equal lips :
fucker furnifhed with briftles: feelers two, and fhort, or fometimes
none; antennz generally fhort.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SY NONY MS.

Brown: abdomen pale yellow, with three black bands.

Musca INANIs: antennis plumatis pilofa flavefcens, abdomine pel-
lucido cingulis duobus nigris. Linn. Sy/t, Nat.
ALI. 2. p. 989. n. 61.— Ln. Suec. 1825.

cee INANIS: fufca, ee pellucido ; cingulis tribus nigris.
Fabr. Spec. Inf. 1. p. 435. n. 1.—Mant. Inf.
1. p. 342. 2. |.

Mufca apivora. Degeer. Inf. 6. p. 56. n. 3. t. 3. fi 4.

Volucella fexta. Scheff: Icon. pl. 36. fig. 7. 8.

This is an interefting fpecies, and not common: the figure denotes

the natural fize.
Se é 12 FIG.

60 PLATE CCCCXC,

iG,

MUSCA HIRSUTA.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Deep black, gloffy, and befet with long briftly hairs : wings blackith,
at the bafe fubfufcous.

Musca TREMULA. Fabr. Spec. Inf. 2. p. 442. n. 832?

The prefent infect bears a firong refemblance to the Mufca groffa,
of which it might be confidered, at the firft view, as a dwarf variety,
being rather lefs thaa half'the fize of that fpecies, As in Mufca groffa,
the thorax, and abdomen are befet with fuff briftly hairs, but thefe are
more numerous, aud at leaft twice the length in proportion, in the
present fpecies, to thofe on the former infect.

The Mufca hyfirix of Drury is very fimilar to this in appearance,
but is larger: it approaches, however, ftill nearer the infeét called by

Harris (Expof.) Mufca obfidianus, than Mufca hyfirix,

From the cabinet of Dr, Letfom,

PLATE

a
=
-

oe
5

ie

-_ we o ‘ a
. ia 7

‘ . : : : a a
4 = - : a " 4 <a 7
nal 7 3g Se ee ee eo eee ene ee ylce ates 7a’. oa Pee ey Se Pa Paes Oude | eee a te. aes

Je

¥ 4

- es - rol nny ba : i

ee gee oe

‘ j 78
: = :
Ee . |
as -
r race :
eo) 7 <a vh &
ro ai a ro.
e ‘ i

Peet aa ei a eG

; ‘ : é ea

= : a. an
va a
a >. a Pid
mer a :
vo 7 Par a

ae Tt
a ‘a ’
= Besikd 7
‘i
' { ¢ "|
< :

%)

2 Eat Eh.
OESTRUS OVIS.

SHEEP BOT-FLY, GAD-FLY, er BREEZE-FLY.

DIPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Mouth with a fimple aperture, and not exferted: feelers two, each
confifting of two articulations, with the tip orbicular, and feated
on each fide in a depreffion of the mouth: antennz of three joints,
the laft fubglobular, and furnifhed at the anterior part with a briftle,
placed in two hollows of the front. |

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS,

Oxzstrus Ovis. Wings tranfparent, with fpots at the bafe and
dotted nerves: abdomen filky white, varied with
black dots and fpots.

Reaum. Inf: t. 36. fig. °2.—Larva. 8, 9.

OsstTRis Ovis. Wings tranfparent, with fmall fpots at the bafe:
abdomen chequered with black and white. C/arke,
Linn. Tranf. V. 3. p. 313. tab. 23. fig. 14—17.

reat]

This is one of thofe deftruGtive creatures which infeft quadrupeds,
and are known under the general appellation of the Bot-flies. The
particular fpecies now before us is that peculiar to the Sheep tribe.

VOL. XVI. E é Every

26 PLATS Wh.

Every hufbandman is acquainted with the direful effects produced by
the ravages of thofe intruders in the vital economy of that ufeful race
of creatures, though few are correétly acquainted with their hiftory.
The Bots, indeed, have never been fufficiently or properly deferibed
till within the laft few years, when the fubjeét was invettigated by
Bracy Clarke, Efq. and it muft be added, with a degree of accuracy
highly creditable to himfelf and fatisfaGtory to the public. The refult
of his remarks appeared firft in a Memoir publithed in the third
Volume of the Linnean Tranfaétions, and fubfequently in other pub-
lications. Thefe obfervations may be truly faid to form the bafis of
our prefent knowledge of the Oeftni tribe, than which no race of
infects whatever, can be more firictly deferving the attention of the
Entomologitt or the obfervation of the Agriculturit.

In defcribing the individual fpecies of Oeftrus at prefent under con-
fideration Mr. Clarke obferves, that about the middle of June he
procured fome full-grown larve frem the infide of the cavity of the
bone which fupports the horns of the Sheep. They were nearly as
big as thofe of the large Horfe-bot, of a delicate white colour, flat
on the under fide and convex on the upper, having no {pines at the
divifions of the fegments, though provided with two curved hooks at
the fmall end: the other extremity is truncated, with a fmall prominent
ring or margin, which feems to ferve the fame purpofe, though in an
inferior degree, as the lips of the Oeftrus equi and hemorrhoidalis, by
occafionally clofig over and cleaning the horny plate of refpiration.

The larve are perfe¢tly white and tranfparent when young, except
the horny plates, which are black: as they increafe in fize ihe fegments
of the upper fide become marked with two brown tranfverfe lines,
and fome fpots are obfervable at the fides. They move with confi-
derable quicknefs, holding with the tentacula as a fixed point, and
drawing up the body towards them. The under-fide of the body is
marked with a broad line of dots, which, on examination with glaffles,
appear to be rough points, ferving perhaps the double purpofe of
aflifting their paflage over the fmooth and lubricated faces of thefe

membranes,

*e~: i,
SS ee <
2 : 5
ae
>
2

va, Th ee ee VN eee

.

en. ae
.
a
Pad
‘

a.

we biesa ee
8

oes ye eS ae
a a : -
.

PLATE Di 27

membranes, and of exciting alfo a degree of inflammation in them
where they reft, fo as to caufe a fecretion of lymphor pus for their

food.

Mr. Clarke obferves, that he has moftly found thefe animals in the
horns and frontal finufes, though he has remarked that the membranes
ling thefe cavities were hardly at all inflamed, while thofe of the
maxillary finufes were highly fo; and hence he was led to fufpeét that
they inhabit the mawillary finufes, and crawl, on the death of the ani-
mal, into those fituations in the horns and frontal finufes. The
breeds, he prefumes, are not confined to any particular feafon, as the
young and full-grown larva are found together at the fame time.

The larve, when full grown, fall through the noftrils to the ground,
and change to the pupa ftate, lying on the earth or adhering by the
fide to a blade of grafs: in this ftate it remains about two months,
when the fly appears—The manner in which this fpecies depofits
its eggs is difficult to obferve, owing to the obfcure colour and
rapid motions of the fly, and the extreme agitation of the fheep;
but from the mode of defence the fheep takes to avoid it, and its
manners afterwards, there can be little doubt that the eggs are de-

pofited im the inner margin of the noftril.

The moment the fly touches the noftril of the fheep, the latter
fhake their heads violently, and beat the ground with their feet, hold-
ing their nofes at the fame time clofe to the earth, and running away,
earmeftly looking on every fide to fee if the fly purfues: they alfo
may fometimes be feen fmelling to the grafs as they go, left one
fhould be lymg in wait for them; which if they obferve, they gallop
back, or take fome other direction, as they cannot, hke horfes, take
refuge in the water. To defend themfelves againft its attacks they
have recourfe to a rut, or dry dufty road, or gravel-pits, where
they crowd together during the heat of the day, with their noles held
clofe to the ground, which renders it difficult for the fly, who attacks

on the wing, to get at the noftril.
EQ Perhaps,

28 PLATE Ot.

Perhaps, fays Mr. Clarke, (in concluding his general obferva-
tions,) the removal of the fheep to a diftant pafture during the months
of June and July, whilft the greater number of the Bots are yet on
the ground in the ftate of pupa, and not bringing them again on fach
ground till the fetting in of winter, would be the means of deftroying
them moft effectually; and this procefs, repeated for two or three
years fucceflively, in places where the Oeftri are particularly trouble-
fome, might prove eventually ufeful to the farmer,

A highly-magnified figure of this fpecies in the winged ftate is
fhewn in the annexed Plate, from which it will appear an infect of
fingular character, and no very inconfiderable beauty. The fmall
figure denotes the natural fize,

PLATE

‘Pa * eee ee
ethos Pots ou: ey) ; : 5 F
9s a 4 7
~ ade & ¥ 4
ca: scOte., “iF . Fro SR :

re ime ie! 1 or, im
it

Se 3)

i
"eo ew

There ae

©
at

Pe oo
one

ees. ©

ponies

a on
=
= =

4 %,

heard oe . : r fe ow: a}

ea?

ty ait enter OS Mier = Pare

Tugiimaieedeiie ne ee eae

nes Se

reas |

Piet & CCLXvin.

~~

FIG I.

HIPPOBOSCA HIRUNDINIS.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Roftrum bivalve, wavering: feet armed with many nails.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER

AND

SYNONYMS.

Wings tapering from the bafe to a point fix claws on each foot.

HierpososcA Higunpinis: alis fubulatis, pedibus hexadaétylis.
Linn. Syft. Nat.2.1010.3. Fn. Sv. 1923.
Geoff. Inf. 2.547. 2.—Panz-Faun. Inf. Germ.

Found adhering to the bodies of the Swallows, and is not unfre-
quently obferved in the nefts of thofe birds.

The {malleft figure denotes the natural fize.
E3 FIG.

4

46 PLAT E..COLXVII.

FIG. II.
HIPPOBOSCA OVINA.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER

Without wings.

HippoBosca OVINA: alis nullis. Zinn. Sy/t. Nat. 2. 1011. 4
Fn. Sv. 1924.
Frifch. Inf. 5. tab. 18.

This and the preceding, with the two {pecies included in plate 261,
are the only defcribed examples of the Hippobofca genus found in
Britain.

PLATE

io ruse *

,
i &

[3-21 IT]

| TE RS SA © Hl Gp

Fare hk
HIPPOBOSCA EQUINA,
Horse, OR SPIDER FLy.

_DIpTeRA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Roftrum bivalve, wavering: feet armed with many nails.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.

Wings obtufe: thorax varied with white: feet armed with three
crotchets or claws.

‘Hippozosca Equina, alis obtufis, thorace albo variegato, pedibus
tetradaétylis. Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 1010. 1. Fn. Su.
1921.—Fab. Ent. Syft. Vol. 4. p. 415. 1.
Degeer. Inf. 6. 257. 1. tab. 16. fig. 1.
Reaum. Inf. 2. tab. 179. fig. 8, 9-

e hitherto been difcovered. Four
and Fabricius has not encreafed

Cc that

Few fpecies of Hippobofcz hav
kinds were known to Linnzus,

i. PLATE. CCLXL

Cd

that number in either of his Entomological Syftems. A fifth fpecies
is defcribed by Gmelin in the laft edition of the Syftema Nature,
under the name of Uralenfis*. The fpecies in the Entomologia
Syftematica of Fabricius, are Eguina, Avicularia, Hirundinis, and Lo.
vinae The firft is rather larger than the others, and is well known by
the common name of Horfe Fly, becaufe it frequently molefts thofe
animals, and attaching itfelf to their bodies, penetrates the fkin, and
fucks their blood, The three other fpecies are alfo natives of this
country, and like the H. equina, fubfift on the blood of certain ani-
mals. The A. avicularia is found chiefly on the bodies of birds, and
H. hirudinis more efpecially on fwallows. Thefe creatures are all of
a difgufting form, flat, and hard; they adhere very tenacioufly by
means of the nails or crotchets of their talons, which in this genus
are numerous; and are not eafily killed by preffure. The H,
equina has three fharp incurvated nails to each foot, and H, hirun-
dinis is furnifhed with twice that number on each.

FIG. QW,

AIPPOBOSCA AVICULARIA.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Wings obtufe: Thorax of one colour.

5. 6
te

* Hippobofca Uralenfis: atra hirfuta dorfo ordinibus tribus veficularum albarum
uitentium. Lepechin ite 1. t, 19. f. ge babitat in deferto Uralenfie |

Hipposposca

4
:
7
7
od
7
.
~
;
&,
.
;
'
os
4
i

a

en eT
2 of y
ae .* Aen A ee & a
/ 7 a deta
Fy 2 |
PS eet:
: ’ :
‘ nie
g : t
. Le
op hee
ce
Sm
‘
yn ; re ve
= t= tee) 0g iW te hee
rs
-g 4@ :
3
a
f a5
i
2 i
i
\ ¥ ee
A
vat
4 ry _'s a
as % : > aS
: o< ga c+ an
1 a ©, ee 7 7 fd
7 NA owas: oe
a 7 v a
y Lo
: ‘ onthe lgitad mt i
% ‘ x
ae ry
sill, She celin bang er
i vi
& o — J dy 7 a
7 “i oe A 2 oo. ENP >.
i A = 7 . 3
~ ‘ ‘ Ce .
_ s 7. vee
hal aa *
cPPe ol
7 + ie oo ’
5 7 eveseas
a 4 eo
7 * a lies
. a iy, oo
One se

PLAT £ CCEA, | 23

Hirpozosca Avicu LARIA, alis obtufis, thorace unicolore. Linn,
Syft. Nat. 2. 1010. 2.—Fn. Sv. 1922. Fab. Ent. Syft.
“4, Pp: 415. Ne

The figure of Hippobofca avicularia in the works of Sulzer nearly
agrees with our infect, except in colour; it is of a dull brown, with
lefe of the green caft.

PLATS

ht s Yat » r Aah
Pall ea af
1 4
Es % 7 é 7
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