[Felix Gillet Nursery materials]

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: 5 BarRREN Hit_t NURSERIES, || ©
. i i Aas ie ee “NEVADA CITY, CAL. : | x

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ie oe aa pee FELIX GILLet, PROPRIETOR.

7" PACKING.

part of a bill of trees. —
The very best way of packing trees is in boxes made ont of light lumber.

of a box 9 to 12 feet long is from $1.00 to $2.50, according to height and width.
Our way of bali
make a very light packing Charges for bailing moderate. :

af express office.
_ After shipment, goods are at purchaser's risk. Any ervors made immediately

corrected.
SPECIAL NOTICE.

unless ordered to do so.
No trees offered for sale but our own mountain grown trees, and the imported
sorts, as specified on Catalogue and Price List. ,

CAUTION.
We would caution our patrons against buying from agents purporting to be
ours, as we have no agents whatever throughout the State for the sale of our valu-
able kinds of Nut and Fruit Trees.

RARE KINDS OF FRUITS
That should have a place in all gardens —at least one or two trees of each.

EVERBEARIMG BLACK MULBERRY (Noir of Spain),
MEDLAR MONSTROUS,
SORBUS DOMESTICA,
AVELINE FILBERT,
CONSTANTINOPLE QUINCE,
APRIL CHERRIES,
; PRCEPARTURIENS WALNUT,
| ST. CATHERINE PRUNE,
D’ENTE PRUNE,

NUMBER OF TREES TO THE ACRE.
apart each way : : ; 5 : s : ‘ : : 27
ee
we FWA A pai ae prea 3 : 48

‘

40 feet
35 ‘

We want our patrons to bear well in mind tha “ 900d packing ” is the cheapest All

We charge only for the cost of the box—nothing for packing. The average ‘ost /
(for small orders is in sackcloth and pine needles, which — |

fc=” Boxes, bales and packages delivered free of charges to the railroad or >

In filling orders, we never substitute.one sort for another, when out of it,

.

PAL Bel = Bde:

NUT-BEARING TREES.

Walnuts, Chestnuts, Almonds and Filberts.

We would call the attention of the public to the valuable kinds of Walnuts and Chest-
nuts, some quite rare yet. and entirely new to this country, that we,have imported and
introduced into California and the United States the last twenty years, and of which we
give herewith a well detailed list.

We will add that all our Walnut seedlings are trees of the “‘ second generation,” that
is, grown from nuts borne on the original tree, or on trees grafted from the original, so
enabling us to give our patronsa better guarantee as to those seedlings retaining the main
characteristics of the original type; walnut varieties degenerating very fast from the seed,
till at the third or fourth generation they entirely go back to the mother type or common
walnut (Juglans Regia). ‘

We will furthermore state that our trees are beautifully and heavily rooted, as only
mountain trees are, the long and heavy tap-root of the Walnuts being accompanied with
lots of lateral roots and any quantity of fibres, thus insuring the growth of all kinds, and
of whatever size and age.

WALNUTS. Tuer Best Watnut ror Famity Use.

Our large collectionof Walnuts comprises | . As the size, shape, even color of the shell,
over fifteen distinct vatieties of the English | 18 not precisely an object whenever a walnut
Walnut (Juglans Regia), introduced by us | tree is planted in the family garden, but
into this country from Europe the last | tather the quality of the kernel, thinness of
twenty years and having special character- | the shell, precocity and fertility of the tree,
istics—some being recommended either for | 20 variety recommends itself better for the
the large size and fine shape of the nuts, or | family garden than the Proeparturiens, and,
for their surprising fertility and precocity; |, W® will add, also the Cluster Walnut.
others for their lateness in budding, and Surely, there are varieties more late in
that enables them to withstand, uninjured, budding out, and that might be preferred
late frosts, so common in the spring, that | Wherever late frosts in the spring are the
hardly one-tenth *of the whole areaof the | Tule; but, onan average, the Proeparturiens
State may be said to be exempt of them; | Will do in almost all parts of California.
and in planting walnut trees, this immunity er
against frost should be given the prefer- Preparturiens, or Fertile Walnut—
ence to any other characteristics, qualities | (Second generation).—This new variety of
and advantages of the kind, for the first | the Juglans Regia family was introduced by
requisite for the walnut wherever late frosts | us into California in the winter of 1870-71,
in the spring are prevalent, is to be hardy | and in our grounds in the mountains of
(see description of hardy kinds, such as | Nevada County are the first trees of that
Mayette, Vourey, Parisienne, Franquette | kind that ever produced fruit in this State.
and others). But the question has been | The nuts of the original or first generation
often put to us, which among our fine col- | Preeparturiens are rather small; those of
lection of walnuts we do consider the best | the second generation only ure of a larger
to plant for family use, and which the best | size, 70% being from medium large to
for market. So we shall right here answer | quite large, and 307 of asmaller size. As
plainly th. se two questions. to the nuts of the third and fourth gener-

ations, they are from small to medium, a
small percentage being of a fair size; in
other words, from the third generation the
Preeparturiens, like all walnut varieties,
goes back to the mother type or common
French walnut. However, the nuts of the
Prceparturiens, of whatever generation, are
of first quality, full-fleshed, well flavored,
the meat being invested with a thin, light-
yellow skin, and the shell also thin and
soft.

The points of superiority which the Prow-
parturiens possesses are many, First, it
bears earlier than any other kind, bearing
very often, when not transplanted, at two
and three years; hence its name, Preepar-
turiens, Fertile or Precocions—from Partu-
riens, bearing, Pre, before, bearing before
the usual time. Second, it blossoms late
enough in the spring, though not so late as
Parisienne, Mayette, Chaberte, Franquette,
but from two to four weeks later than the
California common English, or Los Angeles
walnut, thus being less likely to be injured
by late frosts. Third, its pistillate and
staminate blossoms are in full bloom at the

"same time, which is another guarantee for
a regular crop every year. The irregularity
of bloom of the common California walnut
is one of its greatest objections and draw-
backs, as its uncertainty as a bearer arises
according to localities, both from this ir-
regularity and the nipping off of its tender
wood by frost in the fall. Fourth, it is
very productive, and on that account was
first named ‘‘ Fertile’ waluut. This ten-
tency to bear large crops at an early age is,
in fact, the most important characteristic of
the Proeparturiens. See figures 1, 2, 3.

But only “Second Generation” trees,
which are grown from nuts borne on the
original, as are all our second generation
trees, should be planted in preference to
third and fourth generation trees, the kind
advertised by many as Proparturiens, and
so inferior in all respects. For it is of no
use denying the fact that walnuts, like all
nut trees, deteriorate very fast from the
seed, and from the third generation go
back to the common type from which the
variety first originated.

The second generation Proeparturiens
trees that we offer for sale are regular
standard trees, growing to a good height,
and have nothing whatever to do with the
“Dwarf Prolific,”’ Proparturiens so-called,
said to be in full bearing at six feet.

Cluster Walnut, or Juglans Race-
mosa.—This remarkable kind of Walnut,
also introduced into California and the
United States by us, is a worthy rival of
the Prceparturiens, and whose planting is
warmly urged in France by the leading hor-
ticulturists of that country. The Juglans
Racemosa derives its name from the Latin
word racemosus, meaning abundant in clus-

ters, full of clusters, which is the main
characteristic of. the Cluster Walnut, whose
nuts grow on the tree in clusters of
eight to fifteen nuts, and even twenty to
twenty-eight. Otherwise, in habit, size,
form, and foliage, the Cluster Walnut does
not differ from the Juglans Regia, or Eng-
lish Walnut. We have in our possession,
and taken by our order, a beautiful photo-
graph representing a cluster of fifteen nuts,
taken from one of the trees whose crop of
nuts we had secured. The cluster of*nuts
is seven inches long, by three and a half
wide, and looks more like a bunch of short
bananas or very large grapes, than nuts, so
rare is it to see nuts growing in such long,
immense clusters. (See on back cover, an
outline of that cluster of nuts.)

The Cluster Walnut, like the Preepartu-
riens, reproduces itself well from the seed,
provided, that the nuts be gathered from
trees grafted from the original type.

When getting to bear, the nuts are first
found in bunches of two or three, which
number is increased every year, when finally
the tree gets to bearing those astonishing
clusters of nuts from twelve to fifteen, and
even more.

Mr. Huard Du Plesis, in his work on the
Walnut, page9, expresses himself as follows
on the Juglans Racemosa:

“* Among the yarious kinds of Walnuts
there are few that deserve to be so exten-
sively planted as the Cluster Walout; its
fruit, as large as the common kind, is found
in bunches of twelve to fifteen ; we haye
counted as many as twenty-eight on one
single cluster. The crops of that variety
are simply astonishing ; we have seen one
of those trees, the only one to be found
upon our place, for itis yet a rare kind,
give in ordinary years as many as fifteen to
twenty double decalitres of nuts (a double
decalitre is a measure of five gallons); and
in good years, as many as thirty.’’

Mr. Bertin, a well-known horticulturist
of France, states that he did see on the
originator’s place in Belgium, one of those
trees, quite young yet, which had 140 clus-
ters of 8 to 12 nuts each, besides smaller
ones.

The trees that we offer for sale have been
grown from nuts borne on a “ genuine ’’
Cluster Walnut; but we do not think that
more than 70 to 80% of the trees be true ;
that is, of having retained that particular
characteristic of that type, of growing long
clusters of nuts, as shown on accompany-
ing cut on back cover.

BEST VARIETIES OF WALNUTS FOR MARKET.

The best marketable walnuts are, un-
doubtedly, those that are the largest, fairly
shaped, thin-shelled, (not Paper-Shell, a
kind that should never be planted for mar-
ket), and with a fine, fat, sweet kernel.
This is independent of other characteristics,

Fig. 2.

Fig. 1.

“SECOND GENERATION” PRCEPARTURIENS WALNUT.

: i)

Wig. 4.
PARISIENNE.

Fig. 6. Fig, 7.
ERANQUETTE, GROSSE TENDRE ALMOND,

All the Nuts on this Plate “California Grown.”

such as fertility, hardness and lateness in
budding ont. Whenevera variety combines
all the above characteristics, it might very
well be called the ‘‘boss’’ variety to plant
for market.

For size and beauty of the nuts, no varie-
ties can surpass the Mayette, Franqnette
and Parisienne (see accompanying cuts,
representing nuts of these three fine varie-
ties). But size and beauty of the nuts, are
not the only advantages of these three kinds
over others, for they are, besides, hardy,
budding ont late, and seldom injured by
frost in the spring. As to the kernel, it is
fine, corresponding full to the size of the
shell, with a sweet, nutty flavor.

The Mayette, Franquette and Parisienne
are grown in large quantities in the East of
France, and are exported to the north of
Europe, whither they bring a pretty good
price. On account of the tariff, and the
high price of these nuts, none but the trash
from Dordogne (in Western France) is ex-
ported to the United States. We shall now
give a short description of those fine market
varieties. :

Mayette Walnut.—This is one of the
finest dessert nuts grown; it is quite large
and uniformly so, well shaped, with a light
colored shell; the kernel is full fleshed,
sweet and nutty. But what renders this
remarkable kind so much more valuable
is to be very late in budding out, which
enables it to escape the disastrous effect of
late frosts in the spring ; it is also an abun-
dant bearer. (See fig. 5.)

Parisienne Walnut. — This beautiful
nut, also one of the finest for déssert and
market, was originated in the southeast of
France, and not in the neighborhood of
Paris, as its name would imply; its beauty
made it called “ Parisienne,”’ in honor of
the capital of France. The nut is large,
broader at the small end than the Mayette
and the Franquette, and has a very pretty
shape. Itis as late and hardy as Mayette.
(See fig. 4.)

Franquette Walnut.—Originated a cen-
tury ago, in the east of France, by a man
named Franquette ; it is exceedingly large,
of an elongated oval, and very attractive; it
buds out very late in the spring and has a
full-fleshed, sweet kernel. (See fig. 6.)

Vourey Walnut.—This new and valua-
ble kind is of recent introduction, and was
originated near Vourey, in the southeast of
France, hence its name. It resembles in
shape the Mayette, and is one of the hard-
iest kinds introduced by us into this State.

We never had these four varieties of wal-
nuts injured by frost in the spring, or at
any time, at the altitude of our place, 2500
feet above the level of the sea.

Meylan Walnut.—A new and most beau-
tiful variety, originated near the little vil-

: ag Son ee ee / a nt te

lage of Meylan, in the walnut district in
France. Much cultivated for exportation
in the latter country, but mostly to the
north of Europe.

Mesange, or Paper-Shell Walnut.—
This nut has the thinnest shell of any var-
iety known; it derives its name of Mesange
from a little lark of that name, that goes to
the kernel through the tender and thin
shell. Very productive, and quite rich
in oil. We do not, however, recommend
the growing of this variety for market, on
account of the thinness of the shell, which
breaks off too easily in handling the nuts,
or even when they drop on the ground off
the tree. Like the Paper-shell almond, the
nuts of the Paper-shell walnut are carried
away inthe woods by bluejays, birds very
fond'of nuts of all kinds. %

Weeping Walnut.—A new and curious
kind of walnut, the branches drooping down
like those of a weeping-willow; very orna-
mental. The nut is of medium size, well
shaped and of first quality. Solely propa-
gated by grafting.

Serotina or Late Walnut.—This vari-
ety is most valuable where late frosts are
common, on account of its lateness in bud-
ding out. The nvt is of medium size, well
shaped; the meat very sweet and highly
flavored; one of the best nuts so far grown
in our grounds. Very prolific. It is this
variety that produces the ‘‘After Saint
John” Walnut; nurserymen marking out
every Serotina in nursery row that puts
forth about St. John’s Day, and selling
such trees under the name of After Saint
John Walnut. It reproduces well enough
from the seed.

Chaberte Walnut.—An old and most
valuable variety; late in budding out. The
nut is well shaped and of fair size, the ker-
nél of extra fine quality; very productive.
The Chaberte was originated a century ago
by a man named Chaberte, hence its name;
it is very rich in oil, and is cultivated on a
large scale in the east of France, where nut
raising is one of the leading industries of
the country.

Gant or Bijou Walnut.—A remarkable
variety for the extraordinary size of its
fruit. The shell is thin, with rather deep
furrows; those of the largest size being
made into ladies’ companions, where to stow
away gloves or handkerchief; hence the
name ‘‘Gant’ Walnut. The kernel, though,
does not correspond to the size of the shell.

Barthere Walnut.—A singularly-shaped
nut, elongated, broad at the center and ta-
pering at both ends; the shell is harder
than that of other sorts. ntirely repro-
duced by grafting,

Vilmorin Walnut.—A cross between the
English and Eastern Black Walnut. The
nut has the shape of the English Walnut,

i tee et OP ' 7

and the shell the appearance and hardness
of the Black Walnut. A very curious nut,
but not desirable for market. Propagated
by grafting.

Monophylla Walnut.—One of the most
curious varieties of walnut, with a very or-
namental foliage. Entirely propagated by
grafting. ‘

Ash-Leayed Walunt.—Very ornament-
al; bearsa nut of fair size and good quality.

Third Generation Preparturiens.—
Having grown and fruited third and fourth
generation Preeparturiens the last fifteen
years, it enabled us to come to the conclu-
sion that from the third generntion the
Preeparturieus, though grown from nuts
borne on genuine trees of the second gen-
eration, loses the characteristics of the
original, and goes back to the mother type,
or Juglans Regia. We cannot, therefore,
advertise such trees as true Prcepartu-
riens. The nut is smaller than that of the
second generation, but, like the latter, it is
full-fleshed, very sweet and the flesh quite
thin.

All the trees that we have scattered
throughout the State, and outside of it,
the last twelve years, under the name of
Proeparturiens, were ‘‘second generation ”
trees—trees grown from nuts borne on
such trees are consequently nothing else
but third generation Proeparturiens, or
common French walnuts. So is it the case
‘with trees grown from nuts borne on trees
grafted from our second generation stock.
Nuts borne on the original tree or trees
grafted from the original are the only nuts
to produce second generation trees; and
that is what makes second generation trees
so scarce and so much dearer.

GRAFTED WALNUTS,

Our collection of grafted walnuts is the
rarest and most valuable collection of that
kind to be found anywhere, not excepting
Europe, the trees being all grafted from
the original stock. But for the present
we have grafted walnuts only of the follow-
ing kinds: Mayette, Franquette, Chaberte,
Parisienne, Barthére, Cluster, Yourey, at
$1.50 per tree.

The difficulty in grafting the walnut is
such, that we have to keep up the prices of
this class of trees at such high figures; it
explains also the scarcity of ‘‘ grafted ”’
walnuts. We will add that, with the ex-
ception of Mayette, we have but a very
small stock of each kind, and would there-
fore decline orders even by the half dozen
of any single kind.

AMERICAN WALNUTS.

Butternut.—This kind is indigenous to
the United States, and well-known through-
out the New England, Middle and Western

Or

States. The fruit is elongated; the nut
hard and rough, with prominent ridges ;
the kernel pleasant flavored and oily,
whence the name butternut.

Pecan Nut.—This variety is found in
the yalley of the Mississippi and its tribu-
taries. The tree is beautiful, witha straight
and well-shaped trunk. The nut is oblong
and smooth, and the kernel sweet and

“highly flavored.

Texas or Mammoth Pecan.—This is,
undoubtedly the largest and finest Pecan
grown in any parts of the Southern States
—the home of that pretty nut, the Pecan.
We have nice 2-year old trees of this re-
markable variety, grown from nuts pro-
cured from the valley of San Saba, Texas,

Hickory Nut—(Shell Bark).—The hick-
ory grows tall and slender, with rough and
shaggy bark. The wood is much used in
making hoops, whip-stalks, axe-handles,
etc.; the fruit contains a thin-shelled,
richly-flavored kernel,

California Black Walnut.—This spe-
cies of walnut is indigenous to California.
The fruit is spherical, the nut hard but
smooth, and not furrowed like the Eastern
Black Walnut; the kernel is rich and oily,
This walnut is of rapid growth, spreading
out more than the Eastern kind, but going
to bearing sooner.

Eastern Black Walnut.—Well known
variety from the Eastern States.

CHESTNUTS.

MARRONS _OR FRENCH CHESTNUTS (SOLELY
PROPAGATED BY GRAFTING).

No nuts degenerate so fast from the seed
as the chestnut; it is to say that none but
‘‘ovafted’’ trees should be planted to grow
such large and beautiful nuts for market
as are the Marron chestnuts or French
chestnuts, so superior to the Italian and
Spanish chestnuts.

All the varieties that we describe in this
catalogue have been bearing with us, some
of them for sixteen years; so we are able
to tell about their qualities, size and flavor
of the nuts; and we do not hesitate in
highly recommending such varieties as
Combale, Nouzillard, Quincy, Grosse Pre-
coce and Chalon Early, varieties that we
propagate exclusively by grafting, and
under their respective French name.

Marron De Lyon. —Fruit large, round-
ish, sweet and well flavored. Does not
seem to do as well in California, as far as
bearing qualities are concerned, as it does in
Europe. (See Fig. 14.)

Marron Combale.—This variety 1s re-
garded in France as valuable as the Marron
De Lyon, being even more productive.
Here in California we find it to do admira-
bly well; it is very productive, and bears

enormous nuts, sweet and highly flavored.
We highly recommend this splendid variety
of Marron, which has been fruiting with
us for the last sixteen years, as one of the
best to cultivate in this State. (See Fig. 13.)

Marron Merle.—Nut large, first quality;
very productive.

Marron Grosse Precoce.—As its name
shows, it is a very early kind, and wherever
the summer is short, or not warm enough
to ripen the other sorts, this kind should be
planted in preference. The nut is large,
very sweet, and well flavered. A precocious
bearer.

Marron Nouzillard.—One of the most
desirable kinds to plant; the nut is large,
though not so large as that of the Lyon
and Combale, but very pretty; this is a very
prolific kind and also a precocious bearer.
Trees in nursery rows bear nuts.

Chalon Early.—The most precocious
yet of our collection; bearsin nursery rows.
The nut is medium large, very pretty in-
deed, and sweet.

Marron Querey.—Another prolific and
precocious kind; bears very heavy. The
nut is large, or rather medium large, first
quality. This is the kind grown in the
southwest of France.

Marron Bertrand.—Precocious, early,
fine, large nut. Very desirable.

Early Marron or Avant Chataigne.—
This is a very early kind, like Grosse Pré-
coce, and sure to ripen where summers are
short or cold. Medium large, sweet, pretty
nut.

Japan Mammoth. — Net very large,
sometimes divided in two by inner skin,
sw: et and of first quality. Not so thrifty
as the French Marrons. We do propagate
this kind also, by grafting, our cions being
taken from bearing trees, which is a guar-
antee that the burr will fill as soon as the
trees be of bearing size. We would advise
our customers not to plant any seed-
lings, becanse of so many of them produc-
ing burrs, with nothing in them. Better
pay a little more for grafted trees, and have
trees that will surely bear.

American Chestnut.—The fruit of this
variety is a great deal smaller than that of
European kinds, though the kernel is very
sweet and well flavored. Propagated from
the seed.

ALMONDS.

We have several fine varieties of Soft-Shell
almond, introduced by us into this State
from the almond district of Southern
France, and which we find as hardy, if not
hardier, than any kind we have tried yet.

Grosse Tendre, or Improved Langue-
doc.—The finest and largest almond to be

found on the Pacific Coast; it has also the
advantage on the Paper-Shell and well-
advertised varieties in this State, of bloom.
ing later, being harder and very productive-
(See Fig.’ 7.)

Princess, or Paper-Shell.—The kind
most esteemed at dessert, and so common
in the shops of confectioners. The shell is
so thin that it can be crushed between the
fingers; kernel fat, sweet and rich.

Hard-Shell.—The common kind with a
shell as hard as that of the Black Walnut.

Proyence.—Is of recent introduction.
This nut, which is a kind of flat, is much
sought after by confectioners; by striking
the nut on the suture with a small ham-
mer, the shell splits open in two, letting
out the kernel entire.

FILBERTS.

No nut tree, we believe, is so little under-
stood in California as this pretty little
member of the great nut family, the Filbert.
We have heard of filbert-growers in this
State grubbing up their ‘‘ bushes ’’ because
they would not bear; and the general com-
plaint is that filbert bushes do not bear, or
bear very little. That there is a misunder-
standing in regard to Filbert culture is
obvious, so we will give a short sketch on
the Filbert, its culture and training, and
how to make it bear.

Whether Filberts are planted orchard-
like, or in cordons around a field or along-
side a ditch, or in rows through an orchard
or vineyard, or in groups, or isolated, by
themselves; they should, in every instance,
to bear well, be trained as a tree and not as
abush. It is as easy to train the Filbert as
a standard or half-standard tree as any
nut or fruit tree. It is true thatthe Filbert,
especially when young, has a great ten-
dency to grow sprouts from the roots all
around the body of the tree; those sprouts
should be unmercifully grubbed up, when-
ever showing up themselves; as soon as the
trees are branched and gone to bearing,
such sprouts cease coming up. ;

In the family garden, the Filbert might
be made to branch at four to five feet; noth- -
ing, indeed, more pretty than a Filbert tree
made to branch out at that height. But in
the field or orchard, where the Filbert is
solely planted for its crop of nuts, the trees
should be made to branch at 3 to 3% feet.
As the best stock to plant is that grown from
“Jayering,” the stock obtained from the
nursery may be, and generally is, very
small; one should therefore be very careful
to take off all shoots that will invariably
come up from the roots so as to give all
the sap to the tree proper, which, on the
second or third year, as the case may be, is
made to branch out at 3 to 34 feet,

Filbert trees should not be planted closer

than 12 to 15 feet in the row ; but a very
pe point, to make the trees bear
well, is to plant the rows of Filberts very
wide apart, 100 to 150 feet. We have for
years advised the owners of large vineyards
to combine Filbert growing with that of
Grapes; now, and more than ever, since
wine has become such a drug on the mar-
ket, should our advice be heeded, The
Filbert not being a large tree and spread-
ing out but moderately, would not siand in
the way of Grapes nearest to it; and as Fil-
berts to do well require space, the rows
should be made to stand widely apart,
which again would be no detriment to the
Grapes.

Of all classes of Nut and Fruit trees, none
is better benefited by constant moisture
than the Filbert; in fact, in certain soils
and localities, irrigating should have to be
resorted to, particularly early in the sum-
mer, so as to insure a crop of nuts every
year. We beg the owners of Filbert
“bushes” who complain that their ‘‘bushes”
do not bear, to go to work at once to trim
the bushes out and up, letting stand the
straightest and largest shoot and sawing
the others all off below the ground, and
making that remaining shoot branch out
at 3 to 3} feet ; and grub up afterward all
sprouts that are bound to grow up all
around the foot of the tree. After awhile,
or as soon as the trees will have grown a
good sized top and gone to bearing, will
the roots cease throwing up suckers.

This method of planting and training the
Filbert is very simple, and it is really won-
derful what a change is brought ont in the
bearing qualities of the Filbert when
trained and treated as described in this
short sketch.

BEST VARIETIES OF FILBERTS TO PLANT.

Among the many French, Boglish, Italian
and Spanish Filberts that we have tried and
grown in our grounds for the last twenty
years, none have proved to be more prolific
than the ‘‘Avelines.” The Avelines are gen-
erally oval in shape, with a rather thin shell
and kernels smooth as that of Walnuts.
Whether the inner skin of the Avelines is
red or white, is what constitute the Red
and White Avelines. We do highly recom-
mend the Red and White Avelines, the Du

Chilly, the largest and finest Filbert grown;
the Grosse Blanche (Large White) of Eng-
land, a magnificent cob nut; and Sicily.
All these varieties of Filberts have been in-
troduced by us into this country from
Europe, and all our trees are grown from
‘‘ Tayering,’’ being therefore ‘‘ true.’”’ The
Filbert degenerates fast from the seed, and
we think it more safe, though it is a very
slow way of propagating, to grow the Fil-
bert from layering ; this, too, explains the
comparatively high price of our trees.

Red Aveline.—Fruit large, ovate; flavor
sweet, pleasant and nutty; shell thin; ker-
nel smooth, and from the fact that it is in-
vested witb a very thin skin of a beautiful
bark wine color, hence, its name of Red
Aveline. (See fig, 22 )

White Aveline.—In every respect the
same as the above, with the exception of
the kernel being invested with a thin while
skin. (See fig. 22.)

Grosse of Piedmont.—Fruit large and
round; quite productive. Very much like
the sort kept in stores, and imported from
Italy. (See fig. 23.)

Sicily.—Fruit large, round, sweet and
nutty, smooth kernel.

Large White of England.—Very large,
long, white sort, from the filbert district of
England; largely cultivated for market.

Kentish Cob.—A valuable English sort;
large, long, beautiful nut.

Purple-leaved.--A very pretty, orna-
mental variety, the leaves being of a dark
purplish hue;gooks beautiful grown as a
standard tree.

Du Chilly. — An entirely new variety
from France, and the largest filbert we have
ever fruited in California, The nut is of an
elongated oval, very broad, over an inch in
length and three-fourths of an inch broad.
The nuts seem to be uniformly large, and
the bushes quite prolific. (See fig. 21.)

All the varieties we offer in the above list
are guaranteed to be ‘‘true,’’ they being
propagated from layering. We have also a
few grafted trees of DuChilly, English Cob,
and Bysanee, a kind with the bark like that
of Cork Oak.

Fig. 23—Piedmont.

PART SECOND.

PRUNES.

Tt may be useless on our part to point out the importance of the Prune interest in
California, and to demonstrate through figures, statistics and the like, of what vast im-
port is to our State this infant industry, toJwhich development such a large area of our
great State is so well adapted.

So far, in California, a variety of the Prune D’Ente or D’Agen, called here, on account
of its small size, ‘‘ Petite Prune D’Agen,’’ has been almost exclusively cultivated. This
Petite Prune, which is exceedingly sweet and well flavored, makes an excellent prune if
properly dried or cured; but some objections are made concerning its small size and, in
some cases, light color, when compared to the much larger and darker product of the
French. These two defects, whatever be the general qualities of that prune, ave serious
ones; and it was the main reason why we did advise the planting and testing of the
best known sorts cultivatedin the renowned prune districts of Europe. We have ourselves,
for the last five or six years, investigated in the most thorough manner this prune
question, imported from the very prune districts of France the best known types of that
famous prune, going there under the name of D’Ente or Robe De Sergent; and found out
that our Petite Prune is a true type of the D’Ente, its botanical characters being identical,
and the fruit as richly flavored and sweet as that of its French ancestor. We furthermore
ascertained that there was no such thing as a ‘‘Grosse’’ or ‘ Petite’? prune D’Ente or
D’ Agen, and that such names had been used, and wrongly so, in this State; and, tinally
succeeded in narrowing down this prune question to a simple question of ‘size,’ the
fruit of the D’Ente in France attaining a much larger size than that of the California
D’Ente, or Petite Prune. But the last three years’ experience has demonstrated to us be-
yond a doubt that we are able to grow in California as large and fine prunes as are grown
in the valley of the Lot, the home of the French Prune, in France, if planting the same.
sorts and taking care of them and pruning them in the same manner. Undoubtedly the
soil and climate have much to do regarding the size and quality of Prunes, and it cannot
be reasonably expected that in certain sections of our State, as sweet and large prunes can
be grown as in other sections more favorably adapted to that class of fruit. We ex-
hibited at the meeting of the State Horticultural Society at San Francisco, on the 31st of
August, 1888, the largest D’Ente or French prunes. and also St. Catherine prunes, grown
on our imported stock, that were ever grown in this State, some D’Ente prunes weighing
as much as 1} ounces. Pruning, we found out, bas much to do with the size of the
French or D’Ente prune; not so with that other renowned prune, the St. Catherine.

The D’Hnte trees that we offer are of two kinds: grafted trees, and trees ‘‘ true from
the root.’’ For grafting purposes we use the Myrobolan stock—not that we think that it
is the best stock for that prune, but it is presently the stock a la mode. Everybody wants
it, and we have to please our patrons. We’ believe the Myrobolan to be well adapted to
the soil of our mountaius and in localities much exposed to winds, but we haye doubts as
its being as well adapted to the soil of our valleys.

Our other stock, or D’Ente ‘‘true from the root,” is neither budded nor a seed-
ling. Itis propagated in this way: Sprouts growing at the foot of old and large trees,
themselves true to the root, are taken off and planted close together in » propagating bed
to root them well, and the ensuing spring planted in nursery rows, where they are trained
like other trees.

In the snow horticultural belt of our mountains—that portion of our mountains
where it snows in winter, but which is also adapted to the growth of fruit trees, and
extending from 1,200 to 3,000 feet—the great impediment to the successful growth of
stone fruits is the ‘‘Gum’’—that mysterious disease peculiar to stone fruit trees and
80 severe, in that belt, on budded or grafted stock. It is there, more particularly, that
this type ‘‘true from the root,” a splendid gum resistant stock, should be planted in
preference to grafted stock; for, thanks to that stock, prune-growing might become
possible and profitable in the very midst of our mountains, and it is a tact that mount-
ain-grown prunes are exceedingly sweet and highly flavored. Still, as the type ‘* true
from the root” is not inferior to the grafted type of the D'Bute propagated in California

9

DUG

Fig. 15. Fig. 16. Fig. 17%.
LOT D’ENTE, ST. CATHERINE. PUYMIROL DENTE.

Fig. 20.
MAMMOTH PECAN. MONT BARBAT DENTE. MAMMOTH PECAN.

Fig. 18. Wig. 19.

Fig. 21. Fig. 22.
DU CHILLY. AVELINE.

a? ee Ne,

10

‘under the name of French or Petite Prune, aud its system of roots might be better
adapted to certain soils than the Myrobolan, on which stock that prune is grafted, it
might just as well be planted elsewhere than in the snow belt of our mountains.

We found out in the wet winter of 1889-90, through which so many prune trees
throughout the State perished, that that D’Ente stock ‘‘true from root’’ withstood
splendidly the deadly effects of the extra moisture brought down to the roots by the
incessant rains of that winter. 4

The advantage of grafted trees is that when a prune is found to be of exceptionally
large size, or to be in some other ways superior to the common kind, all these character-
istics are surely retained by grafting, and may be propagated on any kind of stock.
Wherever prune trees grafted on the root do well, and are not subject to the gum, they
may be planted even in preference to trees “true from the root;” but in the snow belt

of our mountains no other stock than ‘‘true from the root’’ should be planted.
We will now give a description of the varieties of prunes imported, tested and
propagated by us, these last eight years, and of which we havea few trees ready for

market.

Prune D’Ente, or D’Agen, or Robe
De Sergent.—This is the kind that pro-
duces the famous French Prune, shipped
all over the world from Bordeaux, France,
with the United States of America ” for its
best and most extensive market; and it is
the very variety cultivated in the great
prune district of the Lot, with Agen for an
entrepot.

The D’Ente is of medium to large size,
in some instances, quite large. The fruit
is generally pear-shaped or pyriform, broad
at the center and tapering towards the
stem. The suture is slight, the skin thin,
covered with heavy bloom; violet red. The
pulp is yellow, sweet, but little flavored;
juicy, though not to excess. It ripens
from the latter part of August to the be-
ginning of September. The tree is vigor-
ous, very productive and a constant bearer.
The best types of that prune are found in
the valley of the Lot, in France, where
that celebrated prune originated.

Mont Barbat D’Ente.—We secured this
type from the orchard of that name, which
means Barbat Hill, a type that obtained
thirty-two first preminms for the beauty
and size of its prunes, at the District Fairs
of the Lot, in France. This variety is ad-
mirably adapted to be cured as a dessert
prune, to be eaten out of hand, it being of a
very large size and drying fine. The fruit
is pyriform and quite broad through the
center, and, if cured properly, will make a
large, pulpy, soft, delicious prune. (See
Fig. 19.)

Lot D’Ente.—The type the most propa-
- gated in the great prune District of the
Lot, in France. The fruit is not so broad
as that of the Mont Barbat, but more oval
in shape. (See the above description of
Prune D’Ente.) This is the type which,
propagated ‘‘true from the root,” and not
by grafting, proves such a good “gum-re-
sistant” stock, and the only one we would
advise fruit growers living in the snow-belt
of the mountains to plant, as being better
able to withstand the attacks of the gum
than budded trees.

California D’Ente, or Petite Prune,
or French Prune.-—This good and pretty
type of the Prune D’Ente was introduced
from France into California in the year
1857, by Mr. Pierre Pellier, of San Jose,
and has since been propagated all over the
State, under the name of Petite or French
Prune. The name of Petite (small) was
given to it so as to distinguish it from a
larger type, the Hungarian or Pond’s Seed-
ling, thought at the time to belong to the
same family, and which went and is going
yet on some nurserymen’s catalogue under
the wrong name of ‘‘Grosse’’ Prune D’ Agen.
This type of the D’Ente is excellent for dry-
ing; the fruit is from small to medium,
more or less pyriform, according to locali-
ties; reddish-purple, violet-red in our mount-
ains; very sweet, and juicy enough.

That name of French or Petite Prune
should be entirely dropped off by nursery-
men, prune growers and packers, and its
real name, California D’Ente, substitutedin
its place. The Prune D’Ente goes all over
the world under no other name—not a box,
canister or glass jar leaving the port of Bor-
deaux, which ships away millions of them,
but under that name. ‘French’’ Prune is
no name at all, for the Saint Catherine, a
fair rival of the D’Ente and yellow when
fresh, is as much French as the D’Ente and
as old, too. Prune D’Agen, that the city
of Agen has tried pretty bad to have substi-
tuted to the true name of that prune
(D’Ente), has been rejected by the shippers
of that prune in France. So let us, if we
are to meeton the same markets, home or
abroad, the French article, give to our
prune its true name, ‘California D’Ente.”’

Loire D’Ente.—The type commonly
kept aud propagated in the valley of that
name, in the northwest of France, and
which, for that reason, we have called
‘Loire’ D'Ente; it is certainly a false
type of the D’Ente proper, as is found in
the valley of the Lot; its botanical char-
acters, wood, buds, leaves and also fruit,
vary considerably from those of the true
D’Ente. It is a very prolific kind; the

x

fruit is oblong, with a well-defined suture,
and certainly not pyriform; much darker
in color, fresh, than the Lot or California
D’Ente; it ripens a week or two before the
two latter ones; it dries well, but has not
the sweet, and rich flavor of the true type.

This is the type that some nurserymen
in California have imported from the nur-
series of the Loire Valley, thinking that it
was a pure type of the D’Ente, and which
they are advertising under the name of
Robe De Sergent, or true Prune D’Agen,
which itis not.

Puymirol D’Ente.—This is another
type of the D’Ente, but differing much in
its botanical characters from the D’Ente
proper; it originated at Puymirol, in the
southwest of France. The fruit is uniform-
ily large and of a fine shape, like shown in
Fig. 17. It is somewhat more early than
the D’Ente, very sweet, and dries well; it
makes a first quality prune. The tree is
productive, the fruit growing around the
limbs much like the Greengages and St.
Catherine, close together.

Saint Catherine.—An old variety, and
one of the most celebrated kinds. Ex-
tensively cultivated in the valley of the
Loire (France), where D’Ente gives poor
results. Besides making a superior prune,
it is also much esteemed for preserving,
and isexcellent for dessert. The fruitis of
medium size, obovate or roundish oval,
with a rather well marked suture on one
side; skin just thick enough to allow the
fruit to dry splendidly; of a golden pale
yellow; overspread with a thin bloom,
and sometimes becoming rose violet on the
sunny side. The flesh is yellow, firm and
juicy, adhering but little to the stone;
(here in California we find it a perfect free-
stone), the flavor is very rich, perfumed;
one of the best prunes to eat fresh, It
ripens, according to localities, from the
later part of August to the middle of Sep-
tember. A vigorous grower and constant
bearer; propagated “‘true from the root.”

11

The fruit fresh stands shipping well; dried
it retains the most of its bulk, and turns
very dark.

In size the St. Catherine compares well
with the French or D’Ente prune? (See
Fig. 16).

Italian Questche.—Medium to large;
dark purple; cures well.

German Questche.—Fruit long, oval
purple; separates from the stone; cures
well.

That New and Valuable Prune.

(The ‘ ” D’Ente.)

We have for the last two years mentioned
in our Catalogues this new and large-fruited
variety of the French prune not yet put to
market, and which we secured five years
ago from the Prune District in France.

This remarkable prune, that we have
fruited for the last three years upon our
place, is a parent of the D’Ente, or French
prune, and was discovered ten years ago
in av old abandoned monastery near
Clairac, in the valley of the Lot, in France.
It is undoubtedly the largest and finest
dessert variety of that famous prune, the
D’Ente, or French prune, The fruit grows
uniformly large, is more oval in shape than
the D’Ente proper, and exactly of the same
color as the French prune, that is, bright
red to violet red; it dries splendidly, and is
equal to the very best prunes of the French
for sweetness, flavor, size and beauty; it
dries, too, very dark.

Before putting this fine prune to market,
we have endeavored to find out everything
about it; that the fruit is uniformly large
and beautiful, curing nicely, there is no
question about it, and the appearances are
that it is a good bearer.

For the present, however, and for obvious
reasons, we will keep to ourselves the name
of that remarkable prune, till we are ready
to introduce it to market; so for this reason
we shall decline any orders for trees or
cions.

Almond Blossom,

PAR? -TATRD:

FRUIT. TREES.

CHERRIES.

We wish to call special attention to those
most valuable kinds of Cherries introduced
by us into California, those April kinds, the
earliest ones to be found in the State, viz:
Early Tarascon, April Guigne, Guigne,
Marbrée, and Early Lamaurie. Near Vaca-
ville, in Solano county, cherries were picked
on our Guigne Marbrée between the 25th
and 28th of March. The same kind, at this
altitude (2,600 feet), is ripe to pick about
the 10th of May.

Early Tarascon.—One of the earliest
and most prolific cherries, growing in im-
mense clusters. Fruit medium large, round-
ish, inclining to oval; skin dark red, almost
black at maturity; flesh purplish red, sweet
and rich flavor; very small stone. First
week in April.

Guigne Marbree.—As early as Taras-
con; also very productive. Fruit medium
large, roundish oval; skin dark red; flesh
purplish red, tender, juicy, delicate flavor.
Stones quite small.

April Guigne.—Medium large round,
dark red, very early. (Of recent introduc-
tion.)

Early Lamaurie.—A new and very early
kind, much prized for its precocity and
beauty. April. (Of recent introduction.)

Bigarrreau Grosse de Mezel. — Fruit
very large, oblong, heart-shaped; skin dark
red, very glossy, nice flavor. June.

Glossy Black.—Hardy and very product-
ive; medium large. June.

Queen Hortense,—July.
Montmorency.—July.
Napoleon Bigarreau.—July.
Early Purple Guigne.—May.
Yellow of Crimea.—Late.
Violet Bigarreau.—New.

Black Tartarian.—Medium.

Royal Hative, or Mayduke. — One of
the most popular sorts; fruit roundish,
growing in clusters; flesh reddish, tender
and melting. A constant and heavy bearer.
May.

¥

PLUMS.

Common Green Gage.—Fruit medium,
round; greenish yellow; very juicy. August.

Bavay Green Gage.— Large, round,
greenish yellow; excellent flavor. Late.

Diaphane Green Gage. — Very light
greenish color, almost transparent; deli-
cious, Middle of August.

Duane’s Purple. — Very large, egg-
shaped, reddish purple, sweet. Very early.

Coe’s Golden Drop.—Very large, oval,
yellow, nicely flavored. September.

Monsieur Rouge. — An old, esteemed
variety. Fruit large, perfectly round, dark
red; juicy, and nicely flavored; a perfect
freestone, August.

Royale de Tours.—Large, purple; juicy,
sweet, rich. Very early.

Damas de Tours.—Medium, dark blue;
productive; quiteearly. July.

Jaune Hative, or Karly Yellow.—The
earliest plum, not even excepting the Cherry
plum. Medium, oval; skin amber-yellow;
of nice and pleasant flavor. July.

Cherry Plum, or Red Myrobolan.—
Round, medium, light red; juicy, but little
flavored. July.

Pond’s Seedling. — The largest plum
known; egg-shaped, light purple, juicy; little
flavored. September.

Petite Mirabelle.—A small but delicious
plum. Very juicy, rich flavor.

Blue Damson.—Smuall, obovate, sweet,
little flavored. Good for preserving.

Monsieur Jaune. — Round, medium
large; yellow, juicy; nicely flavored. Au-
gust.

Violet Perdigron.—Fruit medium large,
skin deep purple, covered with a deep azure
bloom. Very late; hanging well on the
tree.

Double Robe.—Fruit very large, red-
violet; very juicy, sweet and highly flavored.
One of the best dessert plums,

Red Perdigron. — Fruit large, round,
bright red, juicy, well flavored; as fine as
Double Robe, Early.

13

Fig, 8. Fig, 9. Fig. 10.
CHABERTE. SORBUS. CLUSTER.

WABINVE?
Fig. 11. . Vig. 12.
EVER-BEARING BLACK MULBERRY, MEDLAR,
(Noir of Spain.)

Fig. 15. Fig. 14,
MARRON COMBALE CHES MARRON DE LYON,
[ California Grown. } | California Grown.]

APRICOTS.

Boulbon,—One of the best for shipping;
new and valuable variety. Very large, with
a cheek dotted with carmine.

Peach of Nancy.—One of the best.

Esperen Early.—The earliest apricot;
medium large, juicy and well flavored.

Musk Early.—A new variety obtained
from the south of France. It is claimed
to beas early as Esperen, and to have a
rich, musky flavor. (Didn't bear with us
yet.)

Mexico. — Medium large; very sweet,
very juicy, delicious flavor. One of the very
best. ;

PEACHES (Fresrstonrs).

Amsden, Alexander, Brigys Red May, St.
Aseycles, Hale’s Early, Grosse Mignonne.
Early Crawford, Belle of Doué, Nivette,
Late Chatenay, Picquet’s Late, Red Magda-
len, ete.

CLINGSTONES.

Royal George, Day’s White, 20-ounce
Cling (orange).

NECTARINES.
New White,—Orange, violet or purple.

PEARS.

Duchesse d’ Angouleme.—October.

Sugar Pear.—August.

Bartlett.—August to September.

Summer Doyenne.—July.

Beurre Clairgean.—November.

Winter Nellis.—January.

Beurre Easter.—Late.

Passe-Crassanne.—Very large; one of
the finest winter kinds. February to April.

Bergamotte-Esperen. — Medium large;
highly flavored; keeps till April.

Blanquette.—The earliest pear; small,
grows in big clusters.

Assumption. — Immense pear, earlier
than Bartlett; fine, juicy, highly flavored
pear. Only a few trees this season at 50
cents each.

APPLES.

Spitzenberg, Newtown Pippin, Winesap,
Swaar, Rhode Island Greening, White Pear-
main, Red Astrachan, Yellow Bellflower,
Stump, Golden Reinette, Red Calville,
White Calville, Winter Rambour.

Red Calyille.—A magnificent, bright red
apple, large and highly flavored. Warly
winter.

14

Winter Rambour. — One of the best
keepers; medium large, flat, with a pretty
carmine cheek.

FIGS.
San Jose Black.
White Magdalen.—The earliest.
Jaune Longue.—Yellow.
Noirmoutier.—Yellowish red.
Pagaudiere.—Yellowish red.

Buissonne, Franche Paillarde, Versailles
Napolitaine.

White Adriatie.—Splendid for drying.

MULBERRIES.

Noir of Spain, or Ever-Bearing Black
Mulberry.—Fruit very large, sweet; most
delicious flavor: very juicy. This variety,
introduced by us into California, is acknowl-
edged as being the very best of the Black
Mulberry family. Its growth is slow, but
it grows and thrivesin any kind of soil and
at any exposure. The Noir of Spain blos-
soms out so late in the spring that it is
never injured by frosts. From the time the
berries commence to ripen (July), it keeps
on bearing until October, (See Fig. 11.)

QUINCES.

Constantinople. —The largest quince
known; bright golden yellow; very pro-
ductive. The boss quince.

Vortugal.—Very large; much esteemed.
Very productive.

MEDLARS.

Medlar monstrous. —The largest of
Medlars; very productive. When picked
from the tree, the fruit is very harsh and
astringent, like the persimmon and sorbus,
but through the winter it gets mellow, and
is then really palatable. Ripensin January.

The Medlar, or Mespilus Germanica, is
a very pretty tree—fine foliage and large
blossoms, the latter coming out so late that
they are never nipped by frost. The Med-
lar is a precocious, prolific and regular bear-
er. Every garden should have a Medlar
tree or two. (See Fig. 12.)

SORBUS.

Sorbus Domestica.—A native of Eu-
rope, growing to a height of thirty to forty
feet. ‘The wood of the sorbus is very hard
and finely grained, and is much used by en-
gravers and cabinet makers. Its beautiful
umbels of white flowers are succeeded by
most pretty little fruit, having the shape of
small pears with a red cheek. Like the
Medlar, the fruit has to get mellow before it
is fit to eat. The sorbus is as much an or-
namental as a fruit tree, and is well recom-
mended for both. (See Fig. 9.)

15

ORNAMENTAL TREES.

Cornus Maseula.—A very showy tree,
with innumerable umbels of rather bright
yellow flowers, which bloom in February.
A very hardy tree, never being injured by
frost; fruit amber yellow, of the size of a
small olive, but more slender. Another
variety is ‘red fruited.”’

Holland Linden.—Large, light green
leaves. Rapid grower.

Hungarian, or Silvered Linden.—
Large, thick leaves, dark green, silvery
underneath; makes a splendid shade tree.

Horse Chestuut.—A very pretty shade
tree.

Canada Poplar.—An erect and rapid
grower, very ornamental.

Long-leayed Elm.—The finest kind ;
grafted on the root. :

CALIFORNIA LILIES.

“White” and ‘‘Tiger’’ Lilies, 50 cents
each; 75 cents per mail.

~ Pink roots, with description of the flow-
er, 50 cents per root. (Too heavy to be
shipped by mail.

SELECT ROSES.

We are able to present to our customers
this season, the very finest select roses,
budded on Manetti stock, at 2 to 3% feet
from the ground, and of the following
varieties:

La France.—A magnificent remontant
rose; the color is of a lovely rose, with
silvery lustre. A constant bloomer, aud
very sweet scented. The first crop of
flowers in the spring, bears roses from 5 to
6 inches in diameter. Extra fine.

Coquette Des Blanches. (Queen of the
White.)—Medium size, very double, sweet
scented; a constant bearer. White, some
with a light purplish tint. Very pretty.

Baronne Preyvost.—Flowers flat, large,
dark rose, very fragrant. Extra fine. Re-
montant.

Duchesse De Nemours. — Medium,
large, brilliant, dazzling red; splendid.
Remontant,

Comtesse De Morny.— Bright rose,
very large; from 4 to 5 inches. Remontant.

Richard Cour De Lion.—Large, flat,
brilliant deep rose. Remontant.

Coquette De Lyon.—Tea rose, canary
bird yellow; beautiful. A constant bearer.

Belle Lyonnaise.— Tea rose, copper
yellow. Hlegant; remontant.

Gloire des Mousseuses.—A magnificent
moss rose.

Queen of Perpetuals. — Blooms the
whole year around.. White, with {light rose
tint. Very pretty. ‘

Gloire de Margottin.—A brilliant light
red hybrid; a vigorous grower. New and
fine rose.

CLIMBERS.

Belle of Baltimore.—Growing in large
clusters; small to medium; white and rose-
tinted.

Seven Sisters.—Very pretty and rapid
climber. Grows in clusters of six to eight-
een little roses of all shades. Most charm-
ing.

ROSES GROWN FROM CUTTINGS.

La Neige.—Pure white.

Souvenir of the Queen of England.—
Very large, bright rose. Remontant.

Also Comtesse De Morny, Duchesse De
Nemours, Richard Coeur De Lion, Hermo-
sa, Moss Rose.

Sorbus Domestica.

16

Pan CaPOU RT Rr

GRAPES.

TABLE, RAISIN AND WINE VARIETIES.

No Phylloxera in our Mountains.

We offer to the public rooted vines and cuttings of the most complete and magnificent
collection of foreign grapes to be found in California and the United States, a good many
of those varieties having been procured, at great expense, from abroad.

241 varieties (table, raisin and wine varieties); and every winter we are adding many
more to our already large collection. The very earliest varieties to befound anywhere, as
much as 25 days earlier than Sweet Water!

We have this season rooted vines of only 130 varieties, but cuttings of the others.

We are adding, every season, new varieties to our already vast collection; in this way
have we found which are the varieties best suited to our soil and climate, and also the
earliest kinds and the most valuable for market. Our collection of Muscats is unique,
and comprises grapes of all colors, viz: black, blue, maroon, red, rose, white, gray, green
and yellow. Our early varieties—the earliest ones to be found in the State—ripen as much

as 25 days before ‘‘ Sweet Water.”

Our space does not permit to give a full description of each variety, many of which,

however, are extra fine ones.

Chasselas Bulhery.—A splendid white
grape, from two to three weeks more early
than Sweet Water. Bunches large, well
set; berries medium large, round, white,
transparent, finely flavored. Excellent for
shipping.

Chasselas Dupont.—Bunches large, well
set; berries medium to large, round, per-
fectly transparent, juicy, sweet, splendid
flavor. Very productive. White. Oneof
the very best for table use and shipping, on
account of its beauty, quality and produc-
tiveness.

Chasselas De Fontainebleau or Thom-
ery.—Bunches medium; berries medium,
well set, round, sweet, well flavored; skin
thin. Early.

Chasselas De Pondichery. — Bunches
large, well set; berries very large, spherical,
white, peculiar and nice flavor; skin thick.
Late.

Chasselas Rose. — Bunches medium,
well set; berries medium, sweet; skin light
pink. Very early.

Chasselas Royal Red.—A beautiful va-
riety. Bunches large, well set, berries
large, round, juicy, highly flavored; deep
red, turning almost to black at full matur-
ity. Very productive. Medium.

Chasselas Violet.—Bunches long, rather
loosely set; berries large, elongated oval,
very sweet; rich flavor. Violet color, with
heavy bloom. A most beautiful and delic-
ious grape. Very early.

Calabre Blane.—A magnificent ship-
ping grape. Bunches medium large; ber-
ries medium large, well flavored, skin thick,
amber white. Stems tough. Medium late.

Caserno Noir.—Bunches large; berries
large, oval, juicy, very sweet, well flavored;
jet black.Harly. A splendid variety.

Fintindo.—Bunches very large berrics
large as Damson plums, flesh firm; black,
Very fine. Medium.

Blauer Portuguiser.—Small bunches;
berries small, juicy, sweet, black; extra
early.

Boudales.—Magnificent variety. Bunch-
es large, well set ; berries large, oval, black,
sweet, fine flavor, First quality.

Celestino Noir.—Beautiful black grape.
Bunches well set; berries large, oval, sweet.
Medium.

Gros Makara (Algeria). ---A superb
grape. Bunches very large, well set, ber-
ries very large, round, inclining to oval;
sweet, well flavored. Black. Heavy bearer.
Medium.

Gros Sapat.—Bunches large, well set;
berries large, oval, sweet, delicious flavor;
black, with heavy bloom. Very early. A
beautiful variety.

Gros Damas.—Bunches large, well set;
berries large. roundish-oval, juicy, highly
flavored; jet black. Medium. Very fine.

Gros Guillaume.—Bunches large, well-
set ; berries large, sweet, highly flavored;
black. Medium. Fine variety.

Gros Gromier. — Bunches very large,
thickly set; berries medium, sweet ; pink
colored ; enormously productive. Medium.

General De La Marmora. — Bunches
large, well-set ; berries large, roundish-oval,
transparent white ; sweet and splendidly
flavored. Medium. Very handsome va-
riety. ;

Ischia, or Genoa Early. — Bunches
small to medium ; berries medium, sweet ;
jet black. Very early ; over four weeks
more early than Sweet Water. The first
black grape to ripen with Black Magdalen.

Malingre Early.—Bunches medium ;
berries medium, oval, juicy, sweet, well-
flavored ; white. Very early. Two weeks
more early than Sweet Water.

Minestra.—Bunches large, well set; ber-
ries large, sweet, well flavored; black.
Very fine. Medium.

Magdeleine Noire.—Bunches medium,
thickly set; berries small, juicy; black.
The earliest black grape with Ischia, ripe
three weeks before Sweet Water.

Magdeleine Blanche.—Bunches medium
large, wellset ; berries roundish oval ; me-
dium, sweet, juicy, well flavored; very pro-
ductive; white. Very early; one of the ear-
liest white grapes.

Malvoisie Blanc. — Bunches large,
well set ; berries medium, very ‘sweet, well
flavored ; skin thick ; white. Enormously
productive. Late.

Nun’s Teat (Mammelle De Religicuse.)
Bunches very large; berries large, round
inclining to oval, firm and white. Medium,

Museatello Blanco.—Berries round, in-
clining to oval, white with pink tint at full
SMa earlier than Muscat of Alexan-

ria.

Mission, or Los Angeles.—Bunches
large, loosely set; berries medium, very
sweet; enormously productive. Late.

il Noir (Black Eye).—Bunches large,
well set; berries olive-shaped, large, very
sweet, juicy; highly flavored, arly. A
splendid variety.

Pearl of Anvers.—Bunches medium,
well set; berries medium large, sweet, juicy,
well flavored; transparent white. HExcel-
lent. One of the earliest, ripens three
weeks before Sweet Water.

L7.

Poulsard Noir.—Bunches large, well
set; berries large, roundish-oval, sweet,
juicy; highly flavored; jet black. Very
fine. Medium early.

Ramonia of Transylyania.—Bunches
heavy and well set; berries very large,
round, as large as Damson plums; sweet,
well flavored; dark blue, with heavy bloom.
Medium. A most magnificent grape.

Shiras.—Bunches long; berries large,
olive-shaped, sweet and highly flavored ;
dark blue, with heavy bloom. Very early.

Sabalskankoi (Bulgaria). — Bunches
long and well set; berries large, an inch
long, cylindrick; nice pink color; as good
for shipping as Tokay. Medium late.

Seedless Black Corinth.—Dried, it is
known under the name of ‘‘ Zante Cur-
rants.’’

Seedless Rose Corinth.

Seedless White Corinth.—Heavy bearer.

Seedless Sultana. — Bunches large,
shouldered; berries small; seedless, sweet.
Splendid for drying.

Tokas.—Magnificent blue grape; bunches
large; berries very large, round, dark blue,
fine flavor. Medium.

Tokay (Flame Colored). — Bunches
very large, well set; berries very large,
olive shaped, firm, pink colored. Very
showy and an excellent grape for shipping.

Ulliade.—Bunches very large; berries
quite large, oval, sweet, well flavored;
black; very productive. Medium. One of
our finest varieties.

Black Hamburg.—Large and black.

Sucre De Marseilles.—Round, light red;
muscat flavored.

Kish Misk Ali (from Persia).—Round,
very large, black. :

MUSCATS.

Our collection of Muscats, the finest one
to be found anywhere, comprises the most
delicate kinds, and grapes of all colors,
viz: Black, blue, red, rose, gray, maroon,
white, yellow, green.

Museat of Alexandria. — Bunches
large; berries large, oval, firm, well flavored.
Late. One of the best for drying.

Muscat Bifere.—Round, white.

Muscat Cailaba.—Black; early.

Museat Eugenie.—White; rich.

Museat Gris. —Whitish gray.

Orange-Flowered Muscat.—Most deli-
cate, rich flavor. Early.

Muscat De Saumur.—EHarly.

Blue Museat.—Bunches small to medi-
um; berries medium, juicy, sweet; nice
dark blue. One of the earliest grapes;
ripens three weeks before Sweet Water.

Red Muscat of Madeira.—Bunches
medium; berries medium large; nice dark
pink color; nicely flavored. Medium.

Museat De Frontignan.—Bunches cyl-
indric, medium; berries set close, like corn;

very juicy; highly flavored; one of the ©

earliest grapes.
Muscat Marron.—Chestnut color.

Museat Lazarelle.—Berries round, me-
dium, white, firm. sweet; highly flavored,
Delicious. Medium.

Museat Sarbelle.—Very large, round,
firm, nicely flavored. Medium.

Muscat Romain.—Long bunches, thick-
ly set; berries round, Medium.

Muscat Caminada.—Pretty much like
“Muscat of Alexandria,’’ but berries thick-
er set,

WINE VARIETIES.

We would call the attention of grape-
growers and yiniculturists to our fine col-
lection of wine varieties. Many of these
varieties have been introduced by us into
this State the last seventeen years and
thoroughly tested; we cannot but warmly
recommend every one in the list.

Aramon.—Black; heavy bearer.

Aleantino De Florence.—Black; early.

Aunis.—Black; heavy bearer.

Aramon-Bouschet.—Black.

Alicante-Bouschet.—Black.

Carbenet, or Carbenet of Medoc.—
Black; early. Very fine bouquet.

Carbenet-Sauvignon.—Black.
Chauche Noir.—Black.
Cot-de-Tourraine.—Black; early.
Cot-a-Queue Verte.—Black; early.
Charboneau.—Black; heavy bearer.
Carignan.—Black.

Delhys Noire.—Black; productive.

18

Etraire - De - L’adui. — Bunches very
large, shouldered; berries medium, round
inclining to oval, juicy, deep black; very
heavy bearer. Medium early. Said to be
a resistant stock. Very vigorous.

Grenache.—Black; heavy bearer.
Gamay.—(Petit). Heavy bearer.
Gamay Malin.—Black; early.

Gros Rouge.—Deep red; early.

Juranson Noir.—Black.

Mondeuse De Savoie.—Deep blue.

Mataro.—Black; heavy bearer.

Malbeck .—Black; heavy bearer.

Merlot.—Black; early.

Meunier.—Black.

Morastel-Bouschet.—Deep black.

Pineau of Burgundy.—Black; early.

Pineau Blane.—White.

Pineau Gris.—Gyrayish white.

Petit Bouschet.—A cross between Tein-
turier and Alicanthe. Bunches medium;
berries medium, yery dark-juiced; good
bearer; very early.

Petite Sirah.—Black; early.

Riesling.— White.

Sauvignon Jaune.—Bunches medium;
berries medium large, well set, transparent,
yellowish-white. Early. Produces in Cal-
ifornia a superior white wine.

Semillon Blane.—White.

Teinturier.—Bunches full and close;
berries small, round, fullof very dark juice.
Excellent for coloring light wines. Very
early.

Zinfandel.—Black.

AMERICAN VARIETIES.

Catawba.—Vigorous grower; very pro-
ductive. Late.

_Champion.—Bunches small; berries me-
ohn; deep black; highly flavored. Very
early.

Blossom of the Medlar,

19

Pad 2 EEL.

SMALL

FRUIT.

STRAWBERRIES.

Rubies. (French.)—Fruit large, regular,
conical but broad; sweet, well-flavored, deep
brilliant, glossy scarlet. First rate for ship-
ping. Early.

Carolina Superba. (French.)-Fruit very
large, two inches long; conical in shape,
regular; bright scarlet. Prolific. Very
early.

The Lady. (English.) — Large, broad,
light crimson; sweet, peculiar flavor; very
productive. Medium. Bears a second crop
in the fall.

Flora.
shaped; deep scarlet; heavy bearer,
dium.

Princess Dagmar. (English). — Uni-
formly large; immensely productive; coni-
cal shaped; sweet, excellent flavor; light
crimson. Bears a second crop in the fall.

Downing. (American.)—An old but val-
uable variety; every rooted runner bears
in the ensuing spring; splendid sort to
cultivate in matted rows. The earliest
strawberry that we have ever grown upon |
our place, and we have tested more than a
hundred varieties. Fruit small to me-
dium large, roundish-ovate, deep crimson;
seeds deeply imbedded; flesh tender, rich,
excellent flavor. Should be in all gardens.

La Bicolore. (French.)—Half red, half
white, medium large, very sweet and nicely
flavored; easy to pick. Very early.

Beauty of England. (English.) — A
perfect beauty; berries very large, brilliant
scarlet. Medium.

British Sovereign. (English.)—Large,
conically shaped; red; very handsome.

Boisselot. (French.)—Large; conically
shaped; deep scarlet; very fine. Medium
early.

Crystal Palace. (English.) — A most
superb variety; berries very large; long,
fat, splendidly shaped; brilliant scarlet;
the most handsome berry of our collectiow. |

RASPBERRIES.

French Eyerbearing. (Three crops a
year.)—Very luge; deep crimson. Very
early.

Golden Queen.—Yellow, very prolific.

(French.) — Large, long, well-
Me-

BLACKBERRIES.

Wilson’s Early. —Large, oblong, jet
black, sweet, rich. Very early.

Kittatiny. —Large, very long, gloss
black; well flavored. Medium Brits z

Lawton.—Large, sweet, well flavored;
good bearer.

CURRANTS.

Imperial Red.—Bunches long; prolific.
_Imperial White.—Bunches long, ber-
ries large.

Cherry. —Fruit of the largest size, red;
prolific.

Fay’s Prolific. —Greatly inferior to
Cherry in size of berries and productive-
ness,

Naples Black.—Berries large, jet black.
Prolitic.

‘

ENGLISH GOOSEBERRIES.

The Gooseberry plants we offer for sale
are grown from ‘‘layering’’ and well rooted,
and guaranteed to faithfully correspond to
the description we give herewith. We will
add that our Gooseberries go only under
one name, and that that name is not
changed every other year to suit the whims
or speculative propensities of enterprising
tree und plant dealers.

Alma.—Large, roundish-oval, greenish.

Australia.—Large, oval, amber-white.

Angler.—Very large, light green.

Bank Europe.—Large, oval, greenish-
white.

Broom Girl.—Very large, round, inclin-
ing to oval.

Britannia. — Large,
somewhat hairy.

Bunker Hill.—Very large, round, white.

Crown Bob.—Very large, roundish, oval,

oblong, yellow,

| white, rosy cheek; a little hairy.

Conquering Hero.—Large,
greenish, red cheek.
Echo.—Large, oval, greenish-white.

Freedom.—Very large, oblong,
cheek.

oblong,

rosy

Free from Fault.—very large, round
inclining to oval; greenish-white, red cheek.

Guido.—Large, oval, red, little hairy.

Gunner.—Very large, roundish, green,
somewhat hairy; almost as large as a wal-
nut.

Green Mountain.—Large, oblong, green.

Golden Chain.—A magnificent berry,
two inches long; elongated, oval, amber
white.

Greengage. — Medium large; perfectly
round; greenish-white, transparent; a daisy.

General.—Very large, round, green.

Irmong.—Large, oblong, green; a little
hairy. :

Justicia.—Large, oblong, white; some-
what hairy.

Lion’s Provider,—Very large, elongated,
oval; red all over at maturity.

Lady Laster.—Very large, oblong, white;
a few hairs.

Lady Delamere.—Large, round, inclin-
ing to oval, transparent green.

La Favorite.—Very large, roundish oval,
green.

Lulu Painter.—Large, oval, green.

Lobster.—Very large, oblong, red.

Larnout.—Large, oblong, white..

Marigold. — Large as a walnut; round,
transparent white.

Major Hilbert, — Large, roundish-oval,
red.
Merry Monarch. — Very large, oblong,
bright red, somewhat hairy.

Morning Star.—Very large, round, in-
clining to oval; transparent white.

North Briton. — Large, roundish-oval,
greenish-white.

Overall.—Large, oblong, green.

Prince Regent.—Very large, elongated,
oval, white.

Profit.—Large, oblong, white.

Pern. — Large as a walnut; round, in-
clining to oval, white; a few hairs.

Princess Royal.—Medium, round, red;
a few hairs.

Queen.—Very large, roundish oval; am-
ber white.

Rockwood.-—Very large, almost round,
amber white.

Righy’s Honeymoon. — Large,
white.

Roaring Lion. — Very large, roundish-
oval; white, with red cheek.

Rob Roy.— Medium large, oval, red.
Red Robin.—Large, oval, red.
Snowdrift.—Large, oblong, light green.

oval,

20

Sir John. — Large, round, inclining to
oval; amber white.

Slaughterman. — Large, oblong, green-
ish-white.

Shadwick’s Sportsman.--Medium large,
amber-yellow; a little hairy. Very prolific.

Smiling Beauty.—Large, roundish-oval,
green.

Shumper.—Large, oblong, green.

Speedwell.—Large, oblong, light red.

Sander.—Large, oval, light yellow.

Top Marker.—Very large, oval, pink
color.

Traveler. —Large, almost round, green-
ish-white.

Taylor’s Ballerophon. — Large, oval,
white.

Volney.—Large, oblong, greenish white.

White Lurin.—Large, oval, white.

Wellington’s Glory.—Large, oval, green-
ish white.

White Smith.—Very large, round, white.
Washington.— Large, oval, rosy cheek.

ORANGES AND LEMONS.

The little trees that we offer for sale
have been expressly grafted for us in the
Island of Corsica, on the Mediterranean
Coast; the grafts being all taken from bearing
trees, which explains the blooming of the
trees at such an early period. Nothing
more pretty than those little lemon trees
covered with flowers when so young.

Portugal Orange.—The great favorite
all over Europe; juicy, sweet, thin skin.

Blidah Mandarin.—A variety of the
blood orange from Algeria, a fair rival of
the Portugal on the European market, and
claimed to be superior to any other blood
orange grown.

Corsica Lemon.—In all respects the
equal of the Sicily Lemon, of which it is
a variety; raised in large quantities in the
Island of Corsica for the European market.

Large-iruited Lemon or Cedrat.—The
kind generally used by confectioners for
preserving,

All these Orange and Lemon trees are
imported from the Island of Corsica, being
shipped to us with the earth kept around
the roots with a piece of sack-cloth tied up
to the butt of the tree, and are kept up here
in our green-house mostly in pots.

We offer trees that have been already one
season in our conservatory.

Trees with grafts two years old, from 6
to 16 inches, 75 cts. to $1 per tree; $9 to
$11 per dozen, By express, 50 cents extra
per dozen, for packing. By mail, $1 to
$1.50 per tree.

Per hundred, $60, including packing.

21

PRICh dle.

RAO AS PIN LS Ss

SECOND

GENERATION TREES.

The fact that second generation trees are grown from nuts borne on the original, or
trees grafted from the original, render that class of trees quite scarce—so much so that
we could not supply certain kinds by the thousand, and other kinds hardly by the

hundred.

Proparturiens, Cluster, Franquette,
Mayette, Chaberte, Parisienne, Sero-
tina.—(Second generation seedlings. )

First size, 4 to 6 feet, only a few trees,
75 cents each: second size, 3 to 3% feet, $8
per doz., $50 per hundred; third size, 2 to
214 feet, $6 per doz., $40 per hundred;
fourth size, 10 to 20 inches, 2 to 3 years
old, $5 per doz., $35 per hundred. One
and two-years old trees (not transplanted),
$3 to $4 per dozen, $20 to $25 per hundred,
according to sizes.

We have, in the first four sizes, a better
stock in Prwparturians and Cluster than in
any other kinds; but we have a good stock
of 1 and 2-year old trees, nicely rooted, of
all the kinds mentioned in this list. Our
stock, however, is too small, and the trees
(second generation trees) too hard to be
got to permit us to give special rates to the
trade. A discount per thousand of | and
2-year old trees.

Third Generation Preparturiens —
trees grown from nuts borne on our second
generation trees, 50 i less than second
generation trees, or from $12 to $25 per
hundred, according to sizes.

Butternuts and Pecans.—First size, 50
cents each, $5 per doz.; second size, $4 per
doz.; third size, $3 per doz.

Mammoth Texas Pecan.—2-year old
trees, $4 per dozen.

Hickory (Shell Bark).—50 cents each;
$4 per dozen.

California and Eastern Black Wal-
nut.—25 cents each.

CHOICE GRAFTED WALNUTS

(See catalogue, under that head.) $1.50
per tree; would decline orders by the dozen.
CHESTNUTS.

Grafted Marron Chestnuts, — First
size, 5 to 7 feet, $9 per dozeu; second size,
8 to 4} feet, $8 per dozen; third size, below
3 feet, $6 per dozen.

Chestnuts are a class of trees difficult to
bud, and have to remain longer in the
nursery than common fruit trees, hence
they bave to be charged a higher price.

ALMONDS.

First size, 50 cents; $5 per dozen.
ond size, $4 per dozen.

FILBERTS.

(Propagated from “ layering.”

50 cents each; $5 per dozen. Second
size, $4 per dozen; layers, not transplanted,
$2 per dozer.

Grafted trees, 75 cents each.

PRUNES.

Lot D’Ente and Saint Catherine (true
from the root).—From $2 to $4 per dozen;
and $15, $18 and $20 per hundred, accord-
ing to sizes.

We do not guarantee every tree to be
true, especially the Lot D'Ente; that stock
coming from France somewhat mixed,
probably at the rate of 5 to 8 per cent.

Mount Barbatand Lot D’ Ente (Grafted
on Myrobolan and Black Damas).—$15,
$20 and $25 per hundred. (None of our
home stock left, everything having been
engaged through the summer; only small ©
imported trees, of Mont Baibat on Black
Damas, and Lot D’Ente on Myrobolan, at
$15 to $18 per hundred. On account of
the new Tariff and heavy duties on trees,
we cannot quote our imported trees at
lower rates).

Plums.—$3 to $5 per dozen.

CHERRIES.

April Cherries. — First size, 35 per
dozen; second size, 2 to 34 feet, $4 per
dozen.

All other kinds, from $3 to $4 per dozen.

APRICOTS.
From $4 to $5 per dozen.

PEACHES AND NECTARINES

(A small stock this season.)
20 to 30 cents per tree; $2 to $3 per
dozen.

See-

QUINCES.
25 to 50 cents each.

.

BLACK MULBERRIES.

Noir of Spain.—50 cents to 75 cents
each.

MEDLARS.
50 cents each. .

FIGS.
25 to 50 cents each; $2 to $5 per dozen.

SORBUS.
25 to 50 cents per tree.

BARTLET PEAR.

First size, $4 to $5 per dozen (only a few
trees.) Second'size, 3 to 6 feet, $2.50 to
$3 per dozen—$15 to $20 per hundred; be-
low 3 feet, $12 per hundred.

All other sorts of Pear, but Assumption,
$3 to $4 per dozen.

Assumption Pear. — 50 each; $5 per
dozen.

APPLES.

Twenty-five to 30 cents per tree; $2 to
$3 per dozen; $15 to $18 per hundred.

FANCY AND ORNAMENTAL
TREES.
Cornus Mascula.—Standard, 50 cents
each.
Silvered Linden,—#4 to $5 per dozen.
Canada Poplar.—25 cents each.

SELECT REMONTANT OR
EVERBLOOMING ROSES.

Standard trees, budded on Manetti stock,
at 2 to 244 feet, 50 to 75 cents each; $5 to
$7 per dozen.

Small trees budded near the root, $1 per
mail.

SMALL FRUIT.

Strawberries.—50 cents per dozen; $3
per hundred. By mail, 75 cents per dozen;
$3.50 per hundred, including packing and
mailing.

Raspberries and Blackberries:—75
cents per dozen; $4 per hnndred.

Currants. — First size $2 per dozen;
second size $1.50 per sg pi By mal,
$2 per dozen. ,

Gooseberries: —First size plants 25 cents
eoch; $2.50 per dozen; second size (layers,
not transplanted), $2 per dozen. By mail,
$3 per dozen.

Essay on ‘Grafting the walnut,’’ illus-
trated with eight cuts, with general Cata-
logue, 25 cents by mail,

22.

MISCELLANEOUS. '

Rhubarb.—25 cents per root; $2 per
dozen.

Cives.—25 cents per bunch.

Bamboo.—25 cents per root; 50 cents by
mail,

Pampas Grass.—25 cents and 50 cents
per root. -
GRAPES.

Table Varieties.—Boudales, Ramonia,
Orange-flowered Muscat, Pearl of Anvers,
Chasselas Bulhery, Chasselas Dupont,
Ischia, Black and White Mugdalen, Tokas,
Sabalskankoi, Gros Sapat, Blue Muscat, La
Marmora, Museat Sarbelle, Ulliade, Fin-
tindo, Gros Makara, Chusselas Violet,
Schiras, Caserno, Blauer Portugniser, Gros
Damas, Calabre, Minestra, Gil Noir.

Rooted Vines. — Rooted vines $3 per
dozen; $4.00 by mail.

Cuttings.—$1 per dozen (six varieties
to a dozen); $1.25 by mail.

All other Varieties. — Rooted vines
$2 per dozen; $2.50 by mail. Cuttings, 50
cents per dozen; 74 cents by mail.

Wine Varieties.—Rooted vines, $8 to
$12 per hundred. Cuttings, $3 to $4 per
hundred.

Scions for Grafting.

Walnuts and Chertnuts, long enough to
make two grafts, 25 cents each; $2.50 per
dozen,

Black Mulberry, Medlar, Prunes, Apri-
cots, $1.50 per dozen.

These prices include packing and mailing.
No less than one dollar’s worth sent in one
order.

Trees and Plants by Mail.

This is a great inducement offered to peo-
ple living far away from reliable nurseries,
or wishing to procure only a few trees, or
obtain some of our new and rare kinds of
fruit, nuts and ornamental trees or plants.

‘The trees we offer to send by mail are well
rooted for their size, which is not over two
feet in length, roots and top, so as to con-
form with mail regulations.

Thanks to our superior way of packing
trees and plants sent by mail, we guarantee
to have them reach any part of the United
States in as fresh a condition as when leay-
ing our nurseries.

Walnuts.—50 cents each; $4 to $5 per
dozen.

Grafted Marron Chestnuts. — $1 per
tree. ;

Prunes.—$4 per dozen.

Filberts.—50 cents each; $4 and $5 per
dozen,

Foreign Walnuts and their Culture.

BY FELIX GILLETT.

t
[Essay read before the Fruit Growers’ Convention at Los Angeles, Cal., 1890.]

Of all branches of horticulture so far ex-
perimented upon in California, I do not
think there is one so little understood and
so much under a cloud as walnut culture is.
This is due to several causes; chief among
them has been the indiscriminate propa-
gation all over the Pacific Coast for forty

years, of one of the most delicate varieties |

of the English Walnut, to be found any-
where, and known here under the name of
the ‘‘ Los Angeles” walnut, first started
in the old mission of that name. Another
cause that has had the effect of retarding
the progress and spreading of walnut cul-
ture throughout the State, has been the
stand taken by eminent walnut growers of
Southern California, and their erroneous
statements in papers read before horticul-
ytural societies and conventions, and the
false impression made by them on the
public mind, that walnut culture could
not successfully be carried on but in a
very small section of the State, bordering
the sea in the counties of Los Angeles,
Ventura and Santa Barbara, and where to
this day the most of the walnut crop is
grown. Now, there is as much truth in
that as there is in the idea entertained by
people in Southern California, that no
oranges can be grown profitably for mar-
ket north of San Bernardino county,
Indeed, some of the best oranges I ever
ate came from Smartsville in the foothills
of Yuba county, a few miles from Marys-
ville and right in the heart of Northern
California.

In discussing the adaptability of our
State to the successful growing of this
or that class of fruit or nuts, we should
always bear in mind the great diversity of
soil and climate to be found in a State
like California, extending as it does from
the burning deserts of Arizona to the
snowy peaks of Siskiyou, and that in
nine-tenths of this vast extent of country
the walnut is liable fo be injured by late
frosts in the spring; hence the advisa-
bility of planting none but hardy kinds.

The idea that walnut culture in Califor-

nia is Possible only in those little valleys
bordering the sea in Southern California,
is, [must say, a preposterous and erro-
neous one. ‘‘The area of land suitable
for successful walnut growing is very lim-
ited,” said a well-known nut-srower in an
essay on English walnuts, before a former
Fruit-Growers’ Conyention. ‘It requires
well drained, deep, sandy, bottom land,
well protected, and where no ‘live oak’
trees have grown within the last century.”
Now, I do strongly object in the presence
of facts to the contrary, to the above ban-
ishing of walnut culture from 9-l0ths of
the area of the State of Calfornia, and I
do not care, either, what Pliny said 2,000
years ago, on that subject, but will cite an
instance in the course of this essay that
will set at naught the theory that walnuts
will not do well ‘“‘ where an oak forest has
recently existed.” That walnuts will grow
more luxuriantly and bear larger crops at
comparatively earlier age, in deep and
rich bottom land, well drained, well pro-
tected and with plenty of moisture, is an
obvious fact; though there arises another
question, whether it is advisable to plant
walnuts, a class of trees requiring so much
space and so little dependent on the na-
ture of the soil, in our richest land, so
well adapted to the growing of other yalu-
able crops that have absolutely to be
raised in rich land. My experience in
walnut culture, and for twenty years I
have imported, propagated and fruited all
the leading varieties of Europe, besides
having collected a large amount of data on
that subject from nut-growing countries,
warrants me to say that walnut culture
can be successfully carried on on the
whole Pacifie Coast, provided we plant
none but hardy kinds; in fact, the success
of walnut-culture in California lies exclu-
sirely in the hardiness of the kind to be
planted.

The Los Angeles walnut, which, by the
way, has been constantly propagated from
the seed for the last forty years, without
any regard to the degenerating of the spe-

aa

cies, has three big defects that should

make every one reject this variety as
worthless, except where it is known to do
well. First, it puts forth too early, from two
to eight weeks before the foreign kinds,and
it is injured by late frosts in the spring

three years out of four. Second, it does

not mature its wood well in the fall, and
it is nipped again by early frosts at that
time. Third, it blooms very irregularly,
as the owners allover the State can very
well ascertain in the Spring at blooming
time, the male flowers or catkins all drop-
ping off before the female flowers or nuts
have a chance to show themselves; con-
sequently, the nuts not being fertilized by
the pollen or yellow dust secreted by the
catkins, drop off after attaining the size of
a large pea. In this way does that va-
riety keep barren or at least so unproduct-
ive that it has already induced many peo-
ple throughout this State and Oregon to
cut down their trees, some of them over
thirty years old; they having come to
the conclusion that the country was not
adapted to the walnut; while it is that
worthless kind, the Los Angeles walnut,
that is not adapted to our climate and
that of Oregon.

Here is a good illustration of the case
under-discussion. A short distance from
Nevada City is a large Los Angeles walnut
tree, measuring 21 feet in diameter at the
base, haying been planted when four years
old, in 1860. ° That tree yielded in 21
years, 17 nuts, allin one year. In 1881 it
was grafted into a Preparturiens, and in
1884 bore for a start 400 to 500 nuts, and
last year, though the hailstorm on the 27th
of April did considerable damage to the
nuts then partly out in bloom, five bush-
als of nuts were gathered from that tree,
and lots were carried away into the woods
by bluejays, birds very fond of acorns and
softshell nuts of all kinds. This very
tree stands 75 feet below a huge oak tree,
which has been permitted to stand there
onthe right hand side of the entrance
gate, on account of its beauty. That oak
tree measures four feet in diameter with a
top from sixty to seventy feet in height;
though its branches do not meet those of
the walnut, it towers up above the latter.
In the vicinity and on the hillsides are
many other oak trees, but much Smaller,
and that again sprung up after the cutting
down of large oak trees years ago. Well,
this close proximity to oaks does not seem
to hinder in the least the growth, deyelop-
ment and bearing qualities of the walnut,
as it should be the case if there were any-
thing true in that assertion, that ‘‘ wal-
nuts would not do well where an oak for-
est had recently existed.”

The irregularity of bloom of the Los

24

Angeles walnut and its consequent unre-
liability as a bearer, also its tenderness,
first drew my attention to walnut culture
in California and induced me to introduce
into this country the best and most hardy
foreign kinds known. In that way did I
experiment these last twenty years on the
following foreign varieties: Proepartu-
riens, Cluster, Mayette, Franquette, Par-
isienne, Grenoble, Serotina, Chaberte,
Grand Mesange or Paper-Shell, Vourey,
Meylan, Culong, and also fancy kinds, like
Weeping walnut, ash-leaved walnut, Mam-
moth walnut, and others.

Those foreign varieties differ widely
from each other, all having special char-
acteristics, some being recommended
either for the extraordinary size and fine
shape of the nuts, or for their surprising
fertility and precocity; others for their late-
ness in budding, which enables them to
withstand, uninjured, late frosts, so com-
mon in the spring that hardly one-tenth of
the whole area of this State may be said
to be exempt of them. A question, how-
ever, has often been asked which among
the large collection of foreign walnuts
may be considered the best to plant for
family use, and which the best for market?
A question of much importance, so that
no mistake should possibly be made.

As the size, shape, even color of the
shell, is not precisely an object wheneyer
a walnut tree is planted in the family gar-
den, but rather the quality of the kernel,
thinness of the shell, precocity and fer-
tility of the kind, no variety recommends
itself better for the family garden than the
Preeparturiens, or Fertile walnut. Surely,
there are varieties more late in budding
out, such as Mayette, Vourey, Parisienne
and Franquette, that might be preferred
wherever late frosts in the spring are the
rule, but, on the average, the Proepartu-
riens will doin almost all parts of Califor-
nia as the walnut par excellence for the
family garden. The Proeparturiens is not
precisely a large walnut, though ‘‘second
generation ” trees bear nuts of a fair size,
some of them quite large, but it is so fer-
tile and bears such good crops from the

very start and when being quite young,’

that it renders that kind very valuable. I
haye found the Preeparturiens to give good
crops where'the Los Angeles walnut was
barren; in Dutch Flat, high up in the Sier-
ras, in the foothills of Butte county; in
Marin county, close to the sea; in Stock-
ton; in Nevada, 2,600 and 2,800 feet ele-
vation in the mountains, and in many
other places.

Now, as to what varieties of walnuts to
plant for market: Itis a fact that the best
marketable walnuts are those that are the
largest, fairly shaped, thin-shelled not (pa-

per shell, a kind that should never be
planted for market), light colored, and
with a fine, fat, sweet kernel. This is
independent of other characteristics, such
as fertility, hardness and lateness in bud-
ding out. Wheneyera variety combines
all the above characteristics it might very
well be called the ‘‘ boss” variety to plant
for market.

For size and beauty of the nuts, I find
that no varieties can surpass the Mayette,
the Parisienne and Franquette, which I
have fruited in California. But size and
beauty of the nuts are not the only ad-
vantages of these three fine kinds over all
others, for they are, besides, hardy, put-
ting forth late, and seldom, if ever, in-
jured by frost inthespring. (They neyer
were on my place at an altitude of 2,600
feet.) As to the kernel of these three
kinds, it is very fine, corresponding fully
to the size of the shell, with a sweet and
nutty flavor. As to their fertility in Cali-
fornia, I cannot tell much yet, for my
bearing trees are rather young; but the
way they bear is encouraging, The Pre-
parturiens, Chaberte, Vourey, Cluster and
others have more or less claims as nuts
for market.

Walnut growing is an industry that
ranks very high in France, and which can
be developed on the same scale in a Stiite
like California, if only we are wise enough
to study the French method a little and
do as they do, planting none but hardy
kinds, and planting them on plateaux,
hillsides, rolling land, alongsideroadways,
around large fields and vineyards, in cor-
dons and avenues, on soils not well
adapted to other crops and where the wal-
nut in the course of time will grow to
gigantic dimensions. But keep your deep
and rich bottom land for the growing of
other crops, and remember that walnuts
require much space, and that in rich and
valuable land walnut growing might after
all, prove unprofitable, if you take into
consideration the extra value of the land.

The walnut belt in France comprises
two-thirds of the whole area of that coun-
try, extending from the ocean to the Alps
and Jura mountains, and from the Pyr-
ennes mountains to the Loire, a belt
where exists a similar diversity of soil and
climate as is found in California from one
end of the State to the other, and up to
to 2,500 to 3,000 feet in the Sierras. The
finest walnuts in that immense belt
came from the department of Isere in the
southeast, and are exclusively grown on
grafted trees; the kinds most generally
propagated, on account of their hardiness
and beauty of the nuts, are the Mayette,
Franquette and Parisienne; the latter is
found to do better in light soil, while the

25

profitable than the common kind.

‘

Mayette and Franquette prefer a rocky
soil, but rather deep and rich. The Cha-
berte, less particular as to the nature of
the soil, but very rich in oil, is much
grown for the oil mills. To give an idea
of the extent of the walnut industry in
France, I will say that the Department of
Isere alone exports annually to the capital
of Russia, $100,000 worth of Mayette wal-
nuts. Most of- the walnut crop of that
and adjoining Departments is carried
down the river Rhone to Marseilles on
pine log rafts, at which port nuts and
lumber are both delivered for the market.
The walnuts of the Isere bring the best
price of any walnutsin France, 5 to 8
cents per pound, according to years; in
fact, Isere walnuts sell witha premium,
which is another illustration of that truth
that fine fruits will always bring better
prices anywhere. In that part of France
the walnuts are planted a little every-
where, especially on rolling land and hill-
sides. By the way, whenever having
level and rolling land on your place,
always plant the walnuts on rolling land.
In the Department of Dordogne, from
which come the bulk of the walnuts ex-
ported to the United States from France,
statistics show 600,000 walnut trees. The
walnut crop of that Department, in nuts
for market and oil, amounts annually to
one million of dollars. The nuts are ex-
ported to the north of France, Switzer-
land and the United States. Tothe latter
country, on account of the tariff, are ex-
ported only the common kinds. In the
Department of the Loire, 15,000 acres are
planted in walnuts, the trees being
planted as high as 2,300 feet in the moun-
tains; and so on in the whole walnut dis-
trict.

Walnut picking costs five cents a bushel
in France, and prices for walnuts vary
from half a cent to eight cents per pound.
The cheap nuts are sold to the oil mills;
the finer ones are shipped to market.
Paris alone consumes 15 million pounds
of dried walnuts and 10 million of fresh
nuts. Half of the oil used in France is
walnut oil, or three times as much as
olive oil. One hundred pounds of wal-
nuts average 18 pounds of oil.

My advice in regard to those foreign ya-
rieties of walnuts is, that where the Los
Angeles or common walnut of California
does badly, people should not hesitate a
moment to plant them as being so much
superior and more hardy, and where
that same Los Angeles walnut does well,
to give at least those foreign kinds a fair
trial, andsee if they would not prove more
Tt is
as easy to grow fine nuts as poor ones,
and certainly more profitable.

JUGLANS RACEMOSA, OR CLUSTER WALNUT.

Representing a cluster of 15 nuts, from original tree (natural size).

Our trees are grown from nuts borne on the very tree from which the above cluster was picked,

! i Tae i As i fat a fe: ;
» the penn ng, | Cultivating and Propa-~ |

~ Whatever may be the size of the trees to be spiniited, large and deep holes should
be dug, say four feet in diameter, and from two to ERE feet in depth.

Never eut a waluut back, if you can help it; ani if the trees are tall and slender ;

and rather exposed to winds, a stake should be planted with the tree, to which it

” should be tied, but far enough from the Bike to avoid chafing.

Waluuts stand pruning as well as any other class of trees, but seldom require.

it. But whenever the body of a young walnut is injured in any manner, anda

strong shoot is growing from below the ground, ent back the tree down to where ;

that shoot starts,

- No walnut trees ought to be allowed to branch out before having attained a

height of seven to eight feet; and no Preéparturiens allowed to go to fruit before

having grown to such a standard size.

The walnut does better when planted avenue-like, or alongside fences and

roads, or in cordons around large fields, orchards and vineyards, than orchard-like,

The walnut must not be pruned at all; only dead wood, or branches in each

other’s way, being taken off; also branches spreading out too much.

>,
F What should encourage the planting of walnut trees, and be a strong induce-
|

ment for the raising of that valuable and so well marketable nut, is that very few

trees are so little particular on the nature of the soil, as the walnutis; for it thrives

in any kind of soil and at any exposure; it does not dread drought or moisture,

unless either be in excess; of course, the walnut will grow much more rapidly in

good and rich soil with plenty of moisture, than on poor and barren land, and bear

quicker and larger crops.

Tn planting nuts of any kind, always plant the suture or seam perpendicular to

the horizon, that is wp and down, and never the small end down; planted that way |

the nuts will sprout better, and the tree have a straight body.

Remember that there is no “ overstocked” or “‘ glutted” market, no necessity

for organizing “co-operative associations »to hunt up a market for nuts of all

kinds; so go to work and plant nut trees.

,

Two weeks earlier than Bartlett,

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