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H e — nym C TycewiHOBa, npwxofl k BAac™ F. AAwesa k nocAe^oBaauiHe 3a
3Twm nepeMeHH b crpane — oneHb Tpy^Ho: to, hto mh bh^hm na nosepx-
HOcitM,— AHiub caMaua sepxyniKa aiic6epra. Mojkho toabko npe^noAaraTb,
HanpuMep, <rro bo apeMH He^asHefi noe3flKw P. AA»eBa b MocKBy oocyac-
flaAHCb othio^s He o#hh 3KOHOMHHecKwe npo6AeMH HaxHHesaiH*!. Ho c KeM
iuao ofcyac^eHHe, k xaKHM pe3yAbTaTaM oho npuseAO, o tom HSBecTHO^ca-
MOMy y3K0My Kpyry AEOfleH. O ran BeAH neperosopH A. 3abhh6cw h
T. AAHes? yrosapHsaA ah T. Aahcb npe3M£eHTa Ha speMH noKMHyrb Baxy
c ijeAbio 3a»BiiTb noroM, qTo ok nopa^Ken ero ^e3epxwpcTBOM? O nen ro-
BOpstAM T. Aak6b h C. FyceSHoa?

Bee 3TO co6mthh — cnAoniHHe TaitHH 6aKHHCKoro h MOCKOBCKoro
«flBopoB», KAy6oK ^eiicTBwfl pa3HHX 6oAee mam MeHee Ma^noiHbix kaohob,
BoeHHbix h cneqcAy^cg, pyKOBo^CTByioiijHxca co^cx&eH«MMH HHTepecaMM
hah KaKMM'To cbqhm naHHMamteM rocyflapcTBeHHBix HHrepecoB M T. £•
Pa3o6paTbCH b axoM KAy6Ke HenocBaineHttOMy npaKTMHecKH HeBO3M03KH0.
Ho xoth crapaTbCH noHHTb xHTpocnAereHHa a3ep6aHfl^caHCKOH nOAKiMKH
fleAO 6e3Hafl«KHoe, mo>kho nonhrraxbCH Haft™ KaiecS-TO o6hjhh pnxM arax
coSlithh — sa xaocoM wppaijKOHaAbHHx flBHaceHMw oTfleAbHbix kth/pibm^ob
yBH^erb o6njyio AoniKy noAHTHqecKofi jkh3hh crpaHH. j.

Co6hthh nocAe^HHXAeT b A3ep6a«A»caHe — CBoeo6pa3Han mo#k4>h-
Kaqwa oGnjero coBercKoro w «nocTCOBeTCKoro>> HcropHHeocoro pHraa —
AH6epaAH3ai|Hfl w noasAeHHe ^eMOKpaTHqecKwx flBHateHMH (b 6oAbmijHCTBe
pecnyoAMK b 4>opMe «Hapb#HHX 4>POhtob»), npnxcvj 3Thx #Bi«KeH«a k

BAaCTH HAH, BO BOIKOM' CAyHae, HX pOCT H Hpe6bIBaHHe <cpflflOM» C BAaCTbTO,

pacnafl CCCP h KIICC h noBceMecroafl 3aMeHa KOMMyHHcraHecKoii h co-
bctckoh chmboahkh Ha HauMOHaAhHyio h fleMOKpaTWHecKyK). 3axeM -
pa3oHapOBawHe a hobhx peacwMax, poor HOcraAtnm no jffponiAOMy . h, b
pa3H«x 4>opMax h pa3Hofi cTeneHW,— yKpenAeHHe no3HU«K kah BOBBpanje-
hhc k BAacrai crapOH HOMemcAaTypbi, ho yace «Ha hobom awnce cnHpaAH*,
oCBo6oammdkc& ot neHyacHoS efi GoAee KOMMyHHCTHHecKOH HfleoAoraH,
oi» CCCP h noAHHHenwK Mockbc. 3tot pwrn b pasHMX HaipiOHaA^HBix
4>opMax mh bihahm npaKTHHecKH nOBceMecrao B 6HBI0eM CCCP, h to^ hto
Hac HHTepecyeT b A3ep6aHflacaHe,— aro He ctoabko ^aHHuft o6njwfl pirrM,
cKOAbKo ero cheijH4>H^ecKH a3ep6afiaaeaHCKaji MOAH4>HKai$HH.

H 34ecb npexc^e Bcero Gpocaercfl b rxasa, oto 4>opMa,B KOTopoii aTa
nocAeflOBaTeABHOCTb TeH^eHUHK h co6htmh npoaBAaerca b A3ep6aftfl«a-
He, o^«a He noxoxa na Ty, b KaKoit ana npo»BA«eTCH y HawooAee 6ah3Khx
k A3ep6afi4acaHy no KyAbType Hapoflos Cpe^H^t Aswh. B Cpe^Hett Asmh

CTET^a npofloJiacaer BaMeneHHyw pcflaKi^efi oapan uy&wutaurf, nocBatneamnt
KctopH^ecKKK cyflitfaw HapoflOB jj pecnyfijiHK, bxoahbiiirx b coctab pacnaBmeroea Cjove iv
cKoro Coioaa. Oahii hs hbx, 4ApMHHCKoe HaipioHajibHoe ABwweHKe. Hctophs a itteio-
jionia* t 6ujia noMemeHa b «Cbo6oaho3 ulxcjih*, M 16 sa. 1992 rofl,~ Ptfa.

E03BPALUEHHE E TPETM8 MMP

17

nepwofl ^eMOKpaT,K3aijHH oneHb ne^OAor, m Hiir^e, KpoMe ^ KbrprascTaHa,
we npMBeA k no6efle hobmx « / neMOKpaTMHecKKX» ^Bnace»Hw. napTHOMeM-
KAaTypa He TOAbKO He yxpa-rwAa BAacTw (BAacTb oh a cpaicnMecKH He yTpa-
tha3 HHr^e), ho no cy™ fleAa k He MeH^Aa mcto*ob ynpaBAeHMfl, coxpaHMB
MOHonapTHiiHbie cwctcmh h AMUib Ha onenb HeflOArufi nepwofl flonycTHB
cyiijecTBOBaHwe omio3HUHOHHMX napTufi, KO-ropwe ona 3aTeM, ocBOboflHB-
uiwcb nocAe pacna^a CCCP ot Heo6xoflMMOc™ «orAa4HBaTbCH» Ha An6e-
paAbHyjo MocKBy, 6 A aronOAjraHO «npuKpbiAa». Pexrouj, ycraHOBHBnraecH
ceS^ac b CpeflHew Ashh,- ara peacuMbi 6oAee ham MeHee acecncwx ahhhwx
AMKTaTyp npeawfleHTOB - 6hbiuhx KOMMyHHCTHHeCKwx pyKOBOflirreAeH,
oroipaioiuHXCx pa nepeHMeHOBaHHMe KOMnapTHH, m omchi, 6AH3Kne, c Ofl-
hoh cropoHbi - k crapofi cobctckom cacreMe, c flpyroia - komhomm a«a-

AOrHHHWM flHKTaTypaM H MOHOnapTHHHMM CHCTeMaM B TpeTbeM MHpC

Hao6opoT, b A3ep6afifl»caHe KOMnapraa 6biAa pacnyiqeHa h KOKMynn-
craiecittui CHCTeMa pyx«yAa. K BAacra npnuieA Hapo^Hbifi <ppoHT, npmoi
npjiuieA noHTH «KAaccH<iecKHM» peBOAroipaoraHbiM nyTett, hto conpoBoacfla-
AOCb OHeHb 6oAbinoH, a ayMaro, 60AbifleH, neM r fl e-An6o b 6HBnmx pec-
ny^AHKax CCCP, noAHTjmecKOK m coqaaAbHoii MoSwAbHOCTbio. HocAe ot-
ctTpaHeHHJi or BAacm 3. TaMcaxypflMa b TpysHM A3ep6aHfl*aH c T aA <ww-
cTBeHHofi pecny6AHKoii Ha TeppHTopuM CCCP, r^e y BAacra naxoftHAca
ShbuihA flHCcaifleHT - A. 3AhHH6efi, b 70-e ro fl w oTCHfleBnnui c P ok 3 a_an-
THCOB,ercKyK) fleaTeAbHocrb. npo6AeMa, Ha Ham BsrAiifl, ne b yrpaTe 3Ab-
<ui6eeH h HOA BAacra, a acopee b tom, b caJiy saxmc iipim ohh oitasa-
AHCb y BAacTH b CTpaHe, no xyAwype ' 6o*ee 6ah3KOH k y 3 Qe^iCT<my h
TypKMeHMH, ien, acaaceM, k Ahtbc m Bctohkh. Hto6h iksmts 3 to, cAeayeT
yHCHWTb cxoflCTBa k paaAHHM b KyAbTypHofi ocHOBe A3ep6aH#Kaaa n pofl-
cTBeHBjux a3ep6aiwKaiHqaM tk>pkcrhx MycyAbMaHCKMX HapoflOB..

~«^4&8- BCEX MYCYAbMAHCKHX HAPO^OB xapaKTepkH:,flTHOCH-
TeAMta^CAa6ocTb HaijHOHaAbHoro caMOC03HaMHH m 6oAbinaH CHXa «o6iD / e-

MySVABMaHCKOrO» CaMOC03HaHHH H KAaHOBHX H AOKaAbHWX,; «MeCTHHHe-

ckhx* CBjisefl. 3ro HenocpeflCTBeuHO cbhsoho c.houmom, caRpajmmpyio-
m.HM h perAaMeHTHpyronpiM, b OTAHHwe ot xpHcraaHCTBa, noBceflneBHyio
cdiepy acMSHH Aro^eH, npeacae Bcero - »B3Hb ceMbu h po^a. bbrr, ceMba b
M ycyAbMa«cKHX crpaHax ycxofiiHBee h npoMHee, qeM b xpMcraaHCKMX, sro
ra apepa, b KoropyKJ »e npoHUKaA fl ecnora3M boctothhx BAaflHK, hQo
perAaM6HTHpOBaAacb o«a caKpaAbHMM h bcihhm saKOHOM Ta afepa, b
kotopw JiycyAtMaMHH He nosBbAaer-BTopraTbCH nnKOMy. }<#&*» &*& Herp
' L mvan-9ejihaK, iek, Hanpnmep', ' fl*? pycckoro .hah yKpanHija. ^aii caMo-
cosHa^M MycyABMan h Aio^ea MycyAbMaHCKofi xyAbTypa noOTpi*y rocy-
^apCTBeiH6-»ai5HO«aAi.Haj I np H HaaAe>KHOtfSl£eiv?a MfpaAa MeHbrnyro poAb,
Hert'-Ht^HajiAexHOCTb k HCAaMy, c o^ofi cropoHM, h k cBpewy po^y n nAe :

MCHHOK. HAH AOKOAbHOH o6njHOCTH - C APyrofi. H B 3TOM CMHCAC a 3 ep-

^aHika»eii MaAO OTAH^aAca ot y36eKa h Ta^acHKa. ^ .. .

CeMeihiHe KAaHOBHe, seMAHieciaie cbh3m 6hah «nocAesHeH AHHHeH
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HfleoAomH, nyxflofi Hapo fl aM ax«x crpan. M. axa nocttftHJU ahhhh o6opo«Bi
tsik "h fie 6uAa npopBaHa. KaK AioSaa TOTaAirrapHaa BAacr*, CoBexp:afl
BAacTb Tpe6oBaAa TOTaAwioro, ho npn 3Tom CKopee ^>opMaAbHoro noffni-
H«mw:*OHa Tpe6osaAa, *rro6n xeanpim »e hookah napanflxy, MOAOfleacb

COCTOHAa B KOMCOMOAe H T. fl. H T. IL, HO ««e BHflCAa* peaAbHHX OTHOmeHHH

Mexfly AX>flbMH. A b arax peaAiHHx oxHonieKHax coxpanHAHCb MonjHHe,
• oGbfwmxKmpL* P«fl noKoAeHirii naTpHapxaA&HHe ceMbH, rpoMaffHaa KAa-
HdBajr~H 3eMAHHecKaa coAHflapHOcn. m BsaHMonoMonp., Tpa/piqaoHHtie
npeflcraBA€«Ha 06 «epapxHH po fl oB h. t. A -K ?™ peaXbHHe oTHomeHBH
ndCTeheHMO AaKTiwecKH ikwikhmah 4)opwaAbHO-coBeTCKHe^Ba»Hei«iiHM

2. <CBotfoAU^i MHCJIB> Wb 11,

A. OyPMAH

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sss^s^i^sr^^™ opy4iieM o6opohh ™-

MacJrZ^' HCT TaK ?, X ^hhhx, Koropbie hosboamah 6h cpaBHjm,
S^ceZr; *■<**■«*« «*, AaepGai^ane npH PaW»e

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ocTa^aJrf™^ ( aKa^eMHKa 40 aaBeayjoujero AasoHKoft), KO<rop H e
™t Ho ™^ Pacnpe^AeHM* cpe^ poflcraLmKOB, cmcpiro npo^a-

^SSSSr *»™«* 6 MAH sanoAHeH,! ero po^amt H

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AOB H ^HaST™« P ea "** aacra * "icaTeAi, ^ta™ AG^aes: «B yc-

hT H 3Z7^ KH ««CTHHHeCTBO npnoSpeAo oc 6eH H o OTKpO B L-
hI^ w 4 aS ^v^ apaKTep ' B KOmje c^eormx upaBHreAb^BeH-

SSSi^i2^ PaCnOp^aAUCB HeCKOAbKO pOflCm^HMX KAaHOB,

ESS^n^ 4Pyra - CKB ° 3b TaK y i ° *P3>«»y» ooopony
S^^^T?^ CT P aitt »oe b ycAOSHHx AsepeaftflxaHa «xapaAM-
«W a rM^f a JL POfl ° M? ~ pa3o6njaAO Hai * mo - w5p«ioe L»o

Wyra...»(«BaiMCKHHpa6cwBft»,12oimi^wl989rofla)
H e 6o"°moro ai H 3 S^ OBPeftHAO *" M W» r - A^eea, to ArtuiB b rAasax
S na*™^? f «eBpon eH3H poBa«.„oro» "HTeAAnreHTCKoro caoh, -

iu. fauiMflOB h r. Aamcb, HasHanaa na Bbiro^Hbie aoAacHocni ^cbohx Xfi

^b Ta^^J 011 ^"™^^^' c ^SaAB^ft?^ p *S
KAanoB, TaK *e oiokohho BocnpjHHHMaBniHeoi AMflBMK, acHBymmL b aZ

•nnmaa, na fl eAe ace - oipa«ireeHHa« TpajcmmaHHHM nosiMM *T^« i^A_

B03BPALHEHME B TPETWH MMP

19

3Toro 6biah ^se npjmiHbi. 0#Ra — othochtcamio rAySoKaa, CBH3aHHaa c
oco6eHHocrjiMM a3ep6aK#;KaHCKOM McropiiM h KyAbrypw, #pyraK ~ 6oAee
noBepxHocraan, cwrykrmHte, cs^3aH«as c KapaCaxcKWM koh4>amktgm.

B OTAMHME OT CPE#HEfl A3HH AsepGaJfaacaH aoAbine naxo-

£HAOl nOfl KOAOHHaAbHHM pOCCHHCKttM yrTtpaBAeHHeM. B HeM yCIKA B03HJWK-
HyTb He TOAbKO OTHOCHTeAbHO GOAbUIOW CAOH HHHOBHHKOB H HHTeAAKrCH-

tob, ho — nocAe He4)TflHoro 6yna KOHija nponiAoro BeKa — b KaKofi-TO
Mepe h caoh 6ypacya3HH (poAt a3ep6aM^3caHCKofi 6yp^cya3tr« Ha #eAe
6biAa HecpasHeH-Ho MeHbme, hcm pyccKofi h apMjmCKow), cocpeflOToneH-

HBIH B OCHOBHOM B BaKy H B COUJriaAbHOM H KyAbTypHOM OTHOIHeHMH JKWB-

mvm KaK 6u b #Byx Mnpax. C o^hoh: CTopOHbi, aro 6ham b ochobhom npefl-

CTaPKTeAM «XaHCKO-6eKCKOM» apHCTOKpaTHH, CBfl3aHHble c Hapo^OM Tpa#n-

ijHOHHHMHj3aMa, c apyroft — eBponeiiCKK o6pa30BaH«bie aeo.pi, yKK&wue
pyccKWMH m eBponeftcKHMw H^eaMH h HHTepecaMH. B 3Tom CAoe npowcxo-
,2piAM mrre'HCHBHMe KyAbiypHbie w H^eoAorHHecKHe npoxjeccu, pa3BHBaB-
iUHeca, KaK 3to cbohctbchho aHaAor«HHbiM coipiaAbHMM caohm bo scex
KOAOHHaAbHbix crpaHax,— ot cra#»w ropjmew npe^aHHOCTH KOAOHH3aTo-
paM, OTKpBiBiuuM #Be|>H eBponeftcKoti xyAbType^ k coHcrmyuo 6oAee rAy-
SoKoro ee ycBoewHa c ee MfleiiHbiM^oTTop^eHaieM, k nocrpoeHHOMy no
eeponewcKHTM MoaeAJiM, ho «aHTHeBponeHCKOMy» Hai|HOHaAH3My.

IlpH e#sa ah «e hoahom OTcyrcTBMH b Hapo^e HaujuoHaABHoro como-
co3HaHna, oneHb caojkhom xapajcrepe a3ep6aHfl3KaHCKofi KyAbTypH, cone-

TaiOIIjefi KaBKa3CKHe ^OTlOpKCKHe, TIOpKCKHe H HpaHCKHe BAeMCHTbl, KOH-

CTpywpoBam*e a3ep-5afi^acaHCKoro Hain40HaAH3Ma 5hao He npocTMM flCAOM.
B KOHi;e kohuob no6*e#y oflepacaAa naHTiopKHCTCKaa opueHTaipifl, oto^bh-
HyBmaK b CTopony naHHCAaMH3M («e croAbKo peAMraosHoe, ckoabko KyAb-
rypHoe Te^eHne, He HMeioiEfee xoH-bix esponeficKHx anaAoroB) h opweHTa-
i|wio Ha Mpan. Tlpvt*amu no6eflbi tk>pkhctckom opweHTaijHM, oneBn^HO, bo-
nepBbix, b tom, *rro b e&poneiicKQM HaipioHaAH3Me oco6yio poAb wqpaA
^3WK (naHCAaaw3M), Bo-BTopwx, b npiHXaraTeAbHOCTH TypijMKf Kax caMoii
cwAbHofi « HawooAee ycnenmo eBponeH3Hpyioiijeficfl MycyAbMaacKoS crpa-
■ hh. A3ep6aH#KaiHCKHe aMwrpaiiTH H3 qapcKofi , Pocchm, npe^^e Bcero
A. rycewH-3a^e, oica3aAH rfJoMa^Hoe bahahhc Ha pa3BnTwe Typeipcoro
nanTiopKM3Ma, 9tot naHTiopKH3M r BHanaAe — poMaHTHqecKwfl h ^orMaTji-
neCKHfi t BH^anpiH bo scex TiopKax npocro eflUHjno Haipiio, 3aTeM — «CMHr-
^wBumficH» h nb^qepKHBaionpiH oco6eHHOCTB Asepdafi^acaHa b cewbe
TiopKCKHx napo^oB, coHeraACH c npuHJiTiieM eBponeH3HpOBaHHoii a3ep6ai4-

4»caHCKOU 3AHTOH ASTOepaAbHO-fleMOKpaTHHeCKHX l^eHHOCTeW.

M^eoAonfJi Aw6*epaAbHO-AeMOKpaTMqecKoro TiopKH3Ma, BonAoiqaB-
Hierocfl natrra»eii MycasaT, rocno^cxBOBaAa b AsepGafi/picaHCKOH pecny6-
AMKe (AP) — a4>eMepHOM rocy^apcroeHHpM o6pa3o»aoHHH, B03HHianeM
nocAe pacna^a Poccmwckom: HMnepKHt m nepe3 #Ba ro^a yHMTroaceHKOM
KpacnoS Apwraefi,

. IlpaKTOTeCKH OHeBH^HO, HTO AK6epaAbHO-fleMOKpaTHHeCKHfi TlOpKOUtfi

Hai£iOHaAH3M npe^craBAJiA cooofi H^eoAorwEO y3Koro BepxymetHoro caoji,
h« npoHHKinyio & Hapo^HHe MaccM, w Te, kto or^jaBaA K>Aoca sa Bbn>a3H-
TeAeft aTofi H^eoAQraiH Ha Bbi6opax B»PoxxiritcKoe ynpeflHTeAMoe co6pa-
KHe (flenyraru axoro cofipaHwi ot Asep6aii^^Ha aareM cocraBHAH ocHosy
napAaHeHTa AP), BBicrynHAH npocro B*no£#epjKKy npe^craBHTeAeft Tpa^a-

tpIOHHOU aAHTM, 3a CBOHX 6eKOB, .06 3T0M rOBOpHT K Ta ACPKOCTb, C KaKOH

A3ep6a£#icaH nepemeA no^ KOHTppAt Kpacnoii ApwHw, h to, hto bo3kkk-
mee 3areM ,Booj>^K«H«oe conpOTHBAeHHe pa^Bopa^niBaAocb He nofl Myca-
BaTHCTCKHMM AOsyHraMH, a CKOpee npe^crasAHAo coooh Tpa^iyHOHaA»CT-
CKoe c6E^OT»BAe«He no THny cpe#Hea3HaTCKoro 6acManecTBa.

A. ©yPMAH

20

CKopee Bcero, coxpaHHCb npoB03rAaineHiHaa b 1918 ro#y a3ep6afi#»eaH-
cieaa He3aBHCHMocTb, waeiiHoe h noAHTHHecKoe pa3BHTMe A3ep6aw#KaHa
noinAO 6bi He no An6epaAbHOMy MycaBaxwcTCKOMy pycAy, a anH30fl AP,

BHflHMO, 3Ha»lMA 6"hl B HCXOpJTH A3ep6aW#;KaHa He OOABHie, *ieM KOHCTMTy-

UMOHaAH3M 1906 ro#a b ncxopHH Hpana. Ho icax pa3 HacwAbCTBeHjHaa ahk-
BHflaijw^ AP KpacHoiiApwuiefl npn#aAa MycaBaxHCxcKOMy arawaofly koaoc-
caAbHoe n^eoAornnecKoe SHaneHHe.

4«ao b Tom, hto AP — 4 )aK ™ HecKH e^MHCTBeHHoe rocyqapcxBeHHoe
ofipaaoBaHHe c HecoMHeHHBiM Haj4HOHaAbHo-a3ep6aii^»caHCKHM ahijom b
HcropHH A3ep6a##KajHa, He 3HasiueH hh HenpepBiBHofi, yxo#rajeft KopHH-
mw b ^aAeKoe nponiAOe *3bikoboh h KyABTypHOH" xpa#*npiH (icax HpaniHii),
KH^MonjHBix HMnepHii (icaic xypxn h xe »ce Mpa-mpa). IToaxoMy KOiyja a3ep-
6aw^»:a«CKMw MHTeAAHreFrr xonex yKa3axb, b neM A3ep6afi4^caM Ayiine #py-
rwx r Bnepe^w #pyrwx, oh H€H36eacHO roBQpaiT o npoqecce eBponeM3aipEi
KOHija nponiAoro — nanaAa Hamero Beica, 3aBepiueHHeM m KyAbM^HaqHeti:
Koroporo 6iiAa AP: «IIep8Hfi #paMaxypr Bocroica, nepBwe AacxoiKH apa-
MaTHHecKoro « onepHoro xeaxpaAbHoro HCKyccxaa, nepsaa b PocchSckoh:
HMnepaiH MycyAbMaiiiCKaa ra3exa, nepBtifi pecny6AHKaHCKHft rocy#apCTBeH-
hhS cxpoS (b btom nocAe^HeM nam npnopraxex pacnpacxpaHaexcH Ha Becb
MycyAhMaHCRHH boctok.„)» (Auap. IIIeAKOBHfl nyTb.— «BaKMHCKMM pa6o-
4HM» t 16maasi 1992 ro#a).

BoaHHKaBnEMH 3aTCM b cosexcKOM A3ep6afifl;ica(He a3ep6"afi#KaHCK«H
Hai}HOHaAH3M hc Mor He oSpanjaxb cbohx B3opoB k sTOMy nepnGfly, ne mot
He no^MwMaTb Kpacno-CHHe-3eAeBoe 3»aMJi (r#e KpacHoe o3HaHaex ae-r
MOKpaxHio, CHHee — tk»pkm3m, a 3eAe»oe — HCAaM), He Mor «e #eAaxb xy-
MnpoM MaMe# 9MHHa PacyA-3a^e, AH^epa AP — y Hero npoero He 6hao

WHOM flOCXaXOHHO npO^HlOH TOHKH OnopBI B HaipHOMaAB-HOii HCXOpMH. M CAe-

^OBaTeAbHO, oh He Mor He BocnpQK3Bo<zprrb rocnoflCXBOBaBiiiyio b AP kom-
6HHaipno TiopKH3Ma h AHoepaAbHoro, 3eMOKpara3Ma. Csoefi paHHew w Ha-
CHAbCTBeKHoft oiepxBio AP, Moacex 6*BiTb, 6oABuie <^jeAaAa ^Ak npH^a»K^
cnei|H4>KHecKH «3ana#HHHecicoM» t AHoepaAbHoft oKpacKH nocAe^yioiiyeft
w^eoAorwHecKoft asoAioipiH A3ep6afi^acaHa, neM ocam 6h coxpaHHAacb, Ha-

BepHSKa BH40H3MeHMBHIHCb BO ^TO-HMOyflB COBCeM He flCMOKpaTMHeCKOe.

B CBoefi HHayrypanjioH-Hofi pentH A. 3AbHH6ew roBopwA: «B ar« ^hh
hh see c 6e3rpaHHHHMM no^TeHMeiM,.. BcnoMMHaeM Mail 1918 ro#a, Hamiix
CAasHHX npe^iaecTBeHHHKOB, nep-BHMH na BocTOKe o&baBMBinHx 06 ycra-
HOBAeHnw pecny6AHKa«cKoro npaBAeHHH h Bbi6paiBroHX nporpecoHBHBiw
nyrb seMOKpaTMnecKoro pa3BHTHH.„» («BaKMHCKHfi pa6oTmH», 17 tnona
1992 rofla).

KaK bo BceM CCCP, coipiaAbHaa 3boaioijwh b cobctckom A3ep6afi^Ka--
He seAa k noABAeHHK) see 6oAee ^yKopeHABineroca*, see 6oAee ynporasaB-
iuero csoe noAO^ceHHe caoh 6K>poKpaTHHecKH-HiHTeAAwreHTCKOH aAKTbi,
KOTOpoMy nocreneHHo cTaHOBMAOCb see recnee b KOMMyiHHCTHHecKMX m oo-
BercKMX paMxax, Ho b a3ep6aft^HcaHCK0M oGnjecxBe, b ochobc CBoefi —
BocxoHHOM (AP-obckhh aiiiH30fl Ma\o baTpoHyA noixoAonno h jyrAbxypy
MaccH napo^a, h see hochxcah MycaBaxHcxcKoii H/(eoAoraiH 6hah yHWHXo-
aceHH en;e b 20-e ro^w), HaipiOHaAbHoe caMoco3Hamie h noxetHipiaAbHaa
onri03JiipioH!HOCTb axoro caojs 6biah nee tkc 6oAee CAa6biMH, hcm b npw-
6aAXMKe, na YKpawHe, b MoAflaBHH, rpya«H h ApMeH':H. Hactb axoro hh-

TeAAHTeHTCKOrO CAOH OO^BeprAaCb CTOAB CHABHOfi pyCMcJXHKaipiK, HTO IipO-"

exo yxpaxHAa x3uk,; a BMecre c huh — b 6yKBaAwioM cmbicac — bo3mo»c-

HOCXb rOBOpHXb CO CBOKM HaDOflOM Ha O^HOM H3bIKC MHTeAAHTeHUflW OK'a-

3aAacb cahiukom pycHc^HipipOBaHa, cxuwkom pasoGftgeHa KxaHOBbiMn
CBkasMH h pacnpflMH, cahiukom KOppywrarpoBaHa, ' *no6a 6wtb cnocoSnofi
BbicxynHTb b poAM oTHocKxeAbHo cnAoneHHoro nepeflosoro oxpflfla riaipi6-
HaABHoro flBMJKeHHa, Kax, HahpHMep/ b coce^Heil ApMemiH. Caw Hapofl

B03BPMHEHHE B TPETMM MMP

21

Toate 0Ka3aAca pasoGujeH, MaAO oiqynjaH ce6a Haipsew, cahiiikom, KaK h

cpetfHea3KaTCKMe Hapoflbi, norpyacen b «y3Kwe» HHxepecbi cbohx mhpkob.

Kohchmo, m b A3ep6aft/pKaHe ©ham cboh ^ca^enTbi h noAy^HCCH-

^CHTM, y KOTOpHX B OTAWHWe OX MX Cp e#HCa3HaXCKHX Co6paTbCB HMCAaCb

cboh xanax , M^eoAorHHeCKaa Mo^eAb - AP. Han6oAee apKa* qmrypa wa
hwx - oyaynpift AHflep H<PA h npesH^eHx A. Aahcb, npHHHBniHH saxeM
TK>pKH3HpOBaHHyiO 4>aMHAMlO-nCeBflOHMM 3AbHi*6eii. Ho npaKTK^ecKH He-
coMHeHHO, qxo, He 6y#> BHeuiHero TOA^xa, pa3BHTwe A3ep6aK^ caHa n P H "
hhao 6h 4>opMy, SHamiTeABHC 6oAee HanoMHHaioiijyio y36eKCKyio hah
Ka3axCKyio, Hen xy, Koxopyio oho npuHHAo Ha caMOM #eAe.

3tot BHemHMw toahok meA ot apMHCKoro Kapa6axcKoro flBwsceHM,
noflBAeHMe KOToporo £A* Macaw a3ep6a8fl»caHHeB «bhaoci» Heo^H^aHHUM
uiokom. M3 Kapa6axa h ApMeH.nn xAbiHyA hoxok SexceHijes — b Macce cbo-
efi MaAOo6pa30BaHHHX KpecxbHH, o3Ao6AeHHbix h Ae3opweHTwpoBaHHHX.
B 4>eBpaAe 1988 ro^a A3ep6ag^>KaH, Apmgrhh h secb CCCP 6hah noxpn-
ceHbi BecTbio o cyMraHTCKOM norpoMe.

B KAanoBOM a3ep6afifl»:aHCKOM oSiqecTBe^ r#e cj>opMaAbHbie 3aKOHH
cosepineHHO He cooTBeTCTBOBaAH peaAbHO #eficxBOBaBiuHM, nOAMTHxa b
rpoMaflHoft M epe — aeAO pa3«bix xaiiHHx cka h xafinbix croBopos. B 3cxo-
bwh mah AwTBe bh MO*:exe pasoOpaxbCH b noAHTHKe H3 rasex. B A3ep6an-
^jKane — Hex. CyMranx — nepsoe H3 aahkhok BepeHHUH co6mth-h, BOKpyr
KOTopbix co3flaBaAHCb mm4>bi h AereH^bi k xoxopbie ^efitixBOBaAH na co3»a-
HHe Hapofta, Rax cepna HenoHHTHbix ihokobhx yaapos, Be#fl k oypHOMy,
BspMBHOMy pocny HaujaoHaAbMoro caMocoaaaHiw. ^B36yaapaxce*fflHe hh3W
a3ep6afi^aHCKaro oSnjecxaa - a ohm 6hak xeM ropioiHM MaTepraaAOM,
KOTopufi hah caMOBOcnAaMeflHACfl b CyMranxe, hah k HeMy kto-to yweAO
no^6pocHA cnH«ncy,-H oeacettipj hs Apmchkh ycrpeMHAiwa. na nMupjfr
ooAbuaix ropoflOB, yBAexaa 3a co6oh o6briHo cnoKoihiQ «ciuiqy]0», a xe-
nepb — BHe3anHo h 6bicrpo noAjmi3»pyrainyiQCJi HapotfHyio Maccy. 3tot
BbDco4 na yAHijy Hapo^Hbix hhsob ycxopHA co3flaHMe H4>A « o^HOBpeMen-
ho npwflaA eMy oGakk, mem oxAiraibiH or o6AHKa ero npM6aATHHCKHX

hah hhmx aiHaAoroB. " . u ■ ■ »'

H<PA B-naiaAe pa3BWBaAca no KAaccHHecKon o6n|eco®eTCKOH cxeMe.
Tpynna moao^hx HHTeAAMreHTOB («KAy6 6aK»*K:KHx yHeHWX»), «e Bcer^a
caMiix ycneinHbix b aKa^eMH^ecKOH cc^pe,. ho swepraiHHbix, noqyBcrsoBaiB-
iuhx b HaHHwaronjeScH o6njecoio3(Hofi ^eMOKpaTwsauKH B03MoacHOCT«
GHCTpofi co^HaAbwoft Mo6HAbHOCTH, onMpaAacb, KaK h Bes^e, tia n<vwepac-
Ky MCKee aHepriPiBbiK h 6axee no^cnAbix, ho o6Aa^aBHHix onenb n-poHHtoi
craTycHbiM noAo^eKHeM npeflcraBHTCAeH wHTeAAMrewTCKoii 3A«th h Bcry-
riKAa b onraoineHHa «»3a<HMHoro no^!M*inEBaHH>t» c Hacrboo napxHHHOH
sepxyraKH- (B A3ep6ai^«aHe arro MaAO CBasanHBifi c A3ep6aiWKaHOM
6biBmHfi #KnxoMaT A. BesnpoB, nocAe CyMranra cMeHHBimtfi BarKposa -
npeeMHMKa a cTaBAeHH&iKa AAHesa, « cTaBnmfi npe^cosMKHa Gassaam m-
peKTop saBOffa A^3 MyraAHoOT.) Ho Biixofl na nAOnjaAt peaAwmx hsisob
o6iiiecTBa cpbiBaex »Ty cxeny. u

AM6epaAH »3 <t6aKHHCKHX y&bbx* hc woiyr «aHTB c sthmw -soabmh
o6mero >3HKa (-KHor/p. — b 6yKBa»eoM cmbicac CAoaa: mh roeopHAH yace
o h3hkobo» cirryaijHH b A3ep6afifl»aHe, r^e MHome irpeflCTaflirreAH bshtca-
AiHKBajifK haoxo 3HaiOT poflHoii HSbiK, a b lixapQA^ MHOine BdoOnje Hfi
noHHMaKyr pycocoro)- MuraHni mqpmwfT AH^epOB flpyroro Tuna — -Bpo*
fl e moaosoto pa6oHero aaao^a hm. Ubo^ia H. naHaxosa, no-pycocn npax-
THHecKR He roBopjnqero, ho npeKpao«o yweionjero jnpaiuum. toahoh. Co-

OTBeTCTBeHHO npOBCXOA« nOflBHXKE B HOA. Bo3»a3AjeMaa 6paTbHMH

Axsc-saAe h A. K)»ycaBo« AH6epaw«ax ipynna k j^aapio W90 ro^a Bbirec-
HieTCT H3 H<I>A u cosflaer cboio C^ipiaA^eMOicpOTHsecKyio naproio-
Kucn b H<PA oxasraaeiCH b pyrax A6yxb&&* &xv&Ge* f ejpracraeKHO-
ro <cHacToaiiieiw s^ep6aJk^xasdaxo ^cos^arz, TCAOBeKa, wsBecmoro

A- 4>yPMAH

22

gbohm 6ecKopHcraeM (6y KB aAbH<j ao m * GBoeS npest^eHTCKofi waayrypa-
ijhh, HanpHMep, oh jkka b KsapTupe H a ce^bMOM 3Ta^e Tmnrcnott 6aKHH~
ckom «xpyuta6bi», oneHb HaAeHbxofi H 6eflHOH, h Hfto6aBOK npuiHaflAeaca-
njew ne eMy, a ero 6pary) H wtfeoAorHHeacn BonAouiaBiuero esponeHCTCKH-
tk>pk H ctckh H , b ^yxe AP 1918-1920 rosoB, BapnaHT^an M oHaA H 3Ma. Oh—
rarreAAHreiOT, BocTOKose^ no npo4>eccM H , ho wmreAAkreH-T nepsoro noxo-
AerfMfl, Bbixo^ei; 113 HaxwHeBaHCKoii ^epeBHM, iiaoxo roBopaiipw no-pyccKH
(xyace, hcm «a apaScKOM, nepcwflcxoM, TypenjcoM), ho oiocoGhhh sasopa-
:m ^rrr^ J % Pe«*H o bcahkom tk> P kckom iiapofle, o Hen36e^Hofi ra6e-
ah u^CF — Focchhckoh wMnep*m 7 3aBoeBaBineH A3ep6aH^»caH h jhwito-
«MBineHf npeKpacHoe rocy^apcrBo, He Mewee aeMOKpaxHHeocoe, nen Tene-
peoiHHe C1IIA hah <Ppamjnx, H , ecAw 6h He KOMMyHHcrti, cTasmee 6h He
Kn^A TMM ' ^ KyBefiT H Ca yA»B«a^ ApaBwr,- A3ep6aH3HcaHCKyio

H3>A, AenHBiuMHCH HaHaqaA&Ho no 3Ctohckoh MOtfeAjx, npeBpamaeTOi
b oneHb CBoeo6paanyio opramisaij-Hio, oxBaTbiBaionjyio CKopee hhsm B36y-
flOpaaccHHoro -BOCTOH-Hbro oCnjecTBa, r/je ochobhoA «y^apHoS chaoh»
acAHioTCH MaAorpawoTHbie eeacekuM w Apmchmh, apyKOBojaT hmh cxopee
HHTeAA«reHTbi nepsoro noKOAemia, BbixoflijH m flepeiBeHb, ho c hacoaotk-

CH, COHCTaiOUjeM TlOpKCKKfl HaipiOHaAH3M C nOHTH AOFMaTHqeCKH BOClipH-

. hbtmm «3ana#HHHecTBOM». 9Ta opraiHH3aHiifl oxaaaAacb 3-HawreAbHO 6oAee
aMop<J>How m 6oAee 6yHTapcKofi no cbohm Mero^aM, orniaTHynnim m ho
nyraBiuHM h 6e3 xoro socraiOTHO ocropoacHyio h HeysepeHHyio b ce6e
GaKHHCKyio MHTCAAMreHTCKyio Bepxymxy, neM o^HOHMQHHbie opraHHsaiiHH
b apyrax pecnyGAHKax GbiBinero CCCP. ^^

nPH YTPATE cwAbHofi ^eHTpaABHoS BAacrH o6n;ecTBo 7 acHBynjee
cxopee M^CTHKraecKHMM m KAanoBbiMH HirrepecaMw h CBH3HMH, hcm o6me-
Haq«oHaAtauMH,.AerKo nepexo^HT b cocroaitwe anapx™, 6opi>6bi oiyieAb-
HMX KAa«OB h rpynimpaBox. B cawofi spKoS 4x>p M e oto npoasAaercfl b
A<3>raiHMCTaHe an Ta^pKHKHcraHe. B 6oAee Mxreow to ace caMoe HaqaAO B03-
HHKarb 1? B_A3ep6afiflxaHe t r^e HaipioHaAbHwft no^-bCM, BM3BaHHH& Tpe6o-
BaHWHMHjciepe^aHH Apmohhh Kapa6axa, flecTa6HAH3HpoBaA BAacTb h k ah-
Bapio 1990 ro#a npiHeeX k .CHryaqim noAypeBOAKHjHQH-noAy^HaipxHM,

A. Be3wpoB, ne noAbsoBaBuiHHCH hvl MaAeHmeft nonyAapHocrbro He

yMeBUIHH TOAKOM TOTOpKTb Ha pO^HOM H3HKe H BH3HBa»UH^ HaCMeiBKH
CBOHMH <cKa3eHJHMMH» ^eMOHCTpamiHMH' flpyac6H C apMHHCKHM pyKOBOflCT-

bow (b Hapo^e ero aasuBajui Be3H P flHOM, a apMSHCKoro nepsoro ceKpexapa
4K C. ApyTiOHHHa^MaflaM BesHpoaofi), 6bicTpo yrpaHHBaA BAacx*.
K BBBapiO 1990 ro^a b Baxy BAacrs (^aKTOHeaai vuiAa h3 ero pyic, erne He
nepeflflii ^o KOH^a b pyKH H<PA. B p^e ace ropo^oe Mecroue n>ymiHpoBKH
H<PA yace 3axBaTKAM BAacTb KAaconecKHM pcboaioijmohhbim nyreM npo- '
cto HsraaB cTapoe pyKOBo^cTBo. B aro apeMH HaHHmajorCH apMSHCiole no-
rpoMH B.Baxy. Chm 6mam BH3BaHH npiwcyTcrflHeM mecch 6ejKeinieB hc
SHaionjHX,^ hto wt ^eAarb,- KpecrsHH, oKasaBmHxca s Soamtom ropo^ He
MfeiOB^Hoc soiAta m c 3a®HCTbK> Ba^tpaK>I^Hx aa KBapTHpbi GoraTHx apKaa
™x»Hs.«icraiiKBwxcoGin^

Haa nacxb afic6epra». 4m . 6cwibpunHCTBa a3ep6afiA*aiHjeB 63xamcKix& no-
rpoM, KOToporo pyKoso^crao H<I>A, eesycAorao, ne xotcao n mate oora-
HHaoBaAo cnaceHMe apMjai (xotji h cJoa^aAO eAaronpraittyio m* ero I03-
HHKHOBeHJw ncHxoAonraecKyK) o6cTaHOBKy) - aro k»36otiho-mockobcko-
apMaaccaa nporoxaipiji. Hto a^ecb or npoBOicatjro! H hm o^a - cKaaaTt
KoneTOp, TpytfHo, ho to, To) MHAHi^at « BftyipeHwae Bofiota, HaMeBiroie
noAHyro : B03^o»^oc^ npepeHb ikmpomh, SeafleficTBOBaAH, a kateM K owa
apM»H b ropofle y»e ue ocTaAoo^, b Baay Heo»a^aimK>, Hcrpe^AJta scex Ha

B03BPAUIEHHE B TPETMH MMP

23

csoeM nyrM, boidak cosexcKwe BoiicKa (npM-^eM 4- #sob otkpmto 3a#BHA,

HTO IjeAb BBO^a BOMCK — yHMHTCtfKHTb CXpyKXypH H<J>A) — 3TO 4>aKTKL

ElocAe icpoBaBofi 6aHH b BaKy Hey^anHMK A. Be3npoB oxcTpaHaexai w
k BAacTH npuxofl-HT A. MyTaAH6oB. Oh 6ha onenb HerAynwM noAHTOKOM.

OGKSBKHhm CBOHM B03BHlIieHMeM «COBeTCKHM IIITbIKaM» 7 OH TCM H£ MeHee

cyMeA co3#axb cede onpefleACHHyio BHyrpeHHioio' no#£ep#cKy. HacxHraro
3TO 6bua rpaflwqHOHHafl, KAaHoaaji no##epacica, ooecneHHBaBmaji eMy, icor-
#a Hy^cHo, yAMHHyio xoAny — cc cropoHbi ipexo^HHKos 6axwHCKHx npuro-
poflOB, 06'be^HHHBmHxcH b oonjecxso «fapflaiiiA:biK», h odnjecTsa «Tos6e»,
co3^aHHoro oopaxwBuiMMtfl k Bory Smbhjmm yroAOBHHKOM h napKOManoM
T. AG^yAOM, Ho rAasHyio no^ep»cKy oh nwxaACJi co3#aTb ce6e v flOBOflfl 30
oStqectsa m npe^yje Bcero ^o HanyraHHoii HHBapeM 1990 ro#a GaKKHCKoii

HHTeAAHreHTCKofl 3AHTH CAeflVIOHJMe MWCAW; BCe MM CXpeMHMCfl K 0#HO-

My — k H£3a3HGMMOMy A3ep6aH£jKaHy m 3ana4Horo xwna #eMOKpaxnH (npw
A. MyraAw6oBe npawcxo#MT aicroiBHoe B03poacfleH«e AP-obckoh: cwmboah-
kh). Ho AsepSaH/pcaH e'nje H'e MoaceT 6htb ^eMOKpaximecKHM oonjecxsoM.
Hy*cen nepexo#Hbiw nepwofl Mflrxoro, «HHTeAAwreHTHoro» asxopHxapH3Ma,
aAbTepHamsa KOTopoMy — He fleMOKpaxwa, a aHapxa*, BAacxb .xoAnbi, koto-
j paa yace npoaswAa ce6a b AHBape 1990 ro^a. «06pa3H0 roBopn, ona,— 3a-

| ABAHA OH B O^HOM H3 CBOHX MHOrOWCAeHHHX WHXepBblO O KOMnapXKH,—

xor 4?epMeHT, 6e3 Koxoporo y Hac HeB03MoacHO Hapacxwxb caow noAHTH-

HeCKOK IJHBHAH30BaH!HOCTiI» fleMOKpaTHHeCKOrO 06cjeCXBa» («BaKHHCKHS

pa6o*n*fi», 16 ceHTaGpa 1990 ro^a). A. MyxaAHobs ncsmecm noa^epKHsaA,
qxo oh — HacxoanpiS 6aKHHCKHii PEHTeAAHretHx, cmh ^OKxopa nayx, npocxo
OKa3aBmK^cn (xax'yac noAyraAocb) Ha napTHHHoft pa6oxe, h ^axce uhxh-

pOB3A B CBOHX WHTepBblO 2K. jK* PyCCO.

H Ha^o CKa3axb, A. MyraAHobBy MHoroe y#aA0Cb. 3Ha*nrreAbHajrHacrb
HWTeAAwreHTCKofi 3AHXH, Koxopan b apyrnx. pecny6A«Kax Haxo^MAacs B
onno3Hi$HH KOMMyHHCxaM, b AaepoafiflacaHe, HanpoxwB, iKWjepaaiBaAa ero.
; CoijuaA-aeMOKpaxH, aanpHMep, BBiTOAKHyrne H3 «nAe6eflcKoro» Hapofl-

| hoto 4>pOHra, c oxoroft B3iiAM na ce6fl poAfa «BnTpHHHoii» onno3mpoH.

j Ho rAaanoe, mto paobraAo b noAb3y. MyxaAriooBa,^ 4a«e He KaKaji-xo

J ooo6afl no^epacKa t a xa Aencocxt, c Koropoii a3ep6aH4acaHCKoe o6njecxBo,

j KaK h BooSuje o6njecTBa MycyAbMancKoS KyAbxypn, nepexo#HT ox 6yHxa

I ' vl aHapxHM k ycnoKoeHiHio, npHHUMaa 6"e3pa3AM*tHO-AOflAbHO Aio6yio BAacxb^
j ecAH OHa ^eiicxBifxeAbHO onKpaexca Ha KaKyio-To CHAy. MyTaAH6oBy y^a-

Aocb oceHbK) 1990 ro^a npoBecxw BMobpH b BepxoBHbiS CoseT, Bbi6opH,

KOHCHHO, He flCMOKpaTHHeCKWe, «C^HpM»CHpOBa«HHe», HO Bee 7Ke ne <JHCXO

4>opMaAbHHe r h b KaxoS-xo Mepe orpaacaroupje Hapo^noe co3HaHHe. KpoMe
HeoOAbmofi rpynnKH Hapo/jHO^poHTOBijeB, b Kaxo£S-xo Mepe — flonynjeH-
hhx 4Aa co3^aHMH fl^ioKpaTH^ecKoro ooAHKa, Bee ^enyxaxti — AH^epH Me-

CTHHX BAaCTHBIX aAHT. Tpa^PHJHOHHBie «3HaTHWe KOAX03Htli;H* HCHC3AH.

He npoinAO, hah nponiAO Awmb np« iioBTopHOM roAocoBanMH, no^ yew-
AeH>HMM^B03^eHCTBHeM npaBflTeAirCTBa, MHoro npe^craBHxeAeft HHxeAAH-
reHTCKofi sepxyniKK, HasecxHHX b Mocxse h BaKy, ao He vcM&oiqxx peaAb-
hoh BAac™ foa^e mefix-yAMBOiaMa cmopah nposocm A«rab npa^noBrop-
r hom roAoepBaHHM). 3axo noHBHAHCb, HapH^y c nepBMMa cexperapflMii
paHKOMOB h npe^ce^ateAaMH pafiiicnoAKOMOB, pyTKOBo^HTeAH pafioHHbix ox-
^eAOB KrB h-OB4« pafioHHBie npoKypopu k «o6hahc ^enyTaxoB -^ pyxo*
BOflHxeAeii paawbro po^a mnqesux, CHa6xeHqecK»x h 3arxyroBarreAbHMX
npe,inipHHTH»; o6i>e#HHeHttrii, xo3JificTB — ^KpexropoB mj?co- h XAeGoKOM-
SHHaroB, BaroTKOHxop, KOHcepBHbix saso^OB, nAo^ooBonpnJx offbefltHHeiniS
n r. a.» (C_ AddyAxaeea, r^Tazueea. IlapAaMeHT Hanmx Ha^e»^? — «Ba-
khhckhk p*6craft*;''12 oKT«epx 1990 ro^a). Ta peaXBHaa aAHra, KOTOpajj
p?m>me crapaAacbTie^acaTMai * .tchb, Ha aror pas Henocpe^cTBCH«o' BiiAa
BAacrb b P3nar r h napofl 6oAee hah kenee nocAyniHO 3a Hee nporoAocosaA-
MyTaAH6oBy y^axocb npoBecm » .pe^epen^yM O0.CCCP b Mapre 1991 ro^

A. t&yPMAH

24

^a, ^aBuiHM noAHyio «apo#Hy£o no##ep;>K.Ky «KMnepHw» (h3 74,9 npoijejiTa
yHacxBOBaBuiHx 93,3 npoijeHTa CKa3ajui «#a» — pe3yAbTaT, pa3yMeercH,no^-
xacoBaHHHH, h see ace — He noAHocTbio noflTacoBaKHbin) h #aace, yace no#
3aHaBec, b ceHT^6pe 1991 ro#a 6htb Bw6paHHbiM npe3w#eHTOM, 6e3 conep-
k-hkob, BceHapo^HBiM roAocoBaHweM, noAy^KB 98,5 npoijeHTa ot ynacTBo-
BaBuiwx 85,7 npoijeHTa.

Ho npeBpaTHT&ca b a36p6a^aca«cKHH BapwaHT Kaptmasa kak Ha3ap-
6aeBa, ot KOTopbix oh pernio MaAO oTAHHaAca, MyTaAH6osy He #aAH co-
6mthh b KapaGaxe. BeCHow 1991 ro#a eMy y^aAocb pyKaMM Cobctckoh
ApMH-H npoBecT« ycnemHLie onepauMM no 3axBaTy h #enopTai$HH apMJiH-
ckhx ceA, ho pacna^ CCCP h owena b Mockb-c Top6aHeBa EAbijwHHM, roto-
poro oh orroAKHyA, Heocropoacno BbipaaMB rio##ep;>KKy TKHn, pemnAH ero
cy#b6y. E[poB03rAaineHHe He3aBHCnMacTH n cepHH KaxacTpo^ Ha cJjpoHTe,
npexc#e scero — pesHff, ycTpoeenaa apMmiaMM b Xo#KaAbi, — ace aTO bhobb
BCKOABixnyAO o6njecrBO, no^HjiB nonyAHpHOCTt H<PA.

MyraAnGoB cy^opoacno nbixaAca co3#a*rb HOByio CKMBOAH^ecKyio Ae-
rHTWMH3aijHio CBoew BAacTH. O^epacaB «no6e#y» Ha npe3H#eHTCKHx 6e3-
aAkTepHa'nHBHbix Bbi6opax, b tom ace cezrniGpe 1991 ro#a oh co3HBaeT
Hpe3BfcraafiHMH c»e34 KoMMyHMCTHHeCKOii naprnw A3ep6aH^acana, na ko-
TopoM oma 3aaBAaeT o csoeM caiMOpocnycKe {co6biTMe, npomeflinee^noHTw
HesaMeneH-HbiM, h6o poAb KOMMyHMCTMMecKoft H^eoAorani b asepSaiypKan-
ckom oGujecTBe 6biAa caBepnieHHo HMHToacHa, a naprnfinaji wepapxna
npeflcxaBAJiAa co6ofi Awnib BHennnoto 4>opMy peaAbHofi wepapx«H BAacrai,
xoTopyio pocnycK KFTA 3aTpoHyA oienb MaAo). Ilo£ see ycnAHBaBraHMcx
^aBAemieM pyxoBo^HMoft H<PA nAonja#H MyTaA«6oB w BepxoBHwfi CoeeT
noniAH Ha co3flaHwe b ^exa6pe 1991 ro#a oieHb crpaHHoro speMeHHoro
opraHa — HaipioHaAbHoro co6paHHa H3 50 ratOBeK, Ky#a bohiam 25 £eny-
TaTos-«napTOKpaTOB» h 25 — Hapo#Ho4>poHTOBi;eB (nyTb am ne see fleriy-
TaTbi H«PA), KOTopoMy Hacratao 6hah nepe^aHM nOAHOMo*nifl BC. Ho
nocAe xoflacaAHHCKoft Tpare^HH HSMyTCHHHH, o^eBM^HO, fio npe^eAa cbohx
ncHXH«iecKHx cha MyTaAM6oB (sto bh#ho H3 ero «06panjeHHH k Hapo#y»,
onyGAHKOBaHHoro 21 cJ)eBpaA« 1992 ro#a, h ero TparmecKoro is. 6oAe3HeH-
Horo iTHTepBbio «KoMcoMOABCKofi npaB^ed 5 Mapra) yxo^rr b oTcra©Ky*
HexoTopoe speMa HcnoAHeHHe o6«3aH«ocTefi rAaBH rocy^apcTBa bw-
naAo Ha ^oajo KOMnpoMKCCHofl tynrypu — HenonyAapaoro ^. MaMe^osa.
14 Maa, Mo6HAiH30Bas cboK) yAMHHyK) nofl^ep»acy («rap^ainAHK» h «Tob-
6e») h 3ap)rHHBmHCb no^ep^CKoii SoAbnutBCTBa BepxoBHoro Co©era, My-
TaABGoB nonHTaACH npoH3BecTH «KOHTpnepeBopoT3>, ho Tyr ace 6bia ot-
crpaHeH noHTu KAacdiHecKoii Hapo^Hon peBOAiouMew 15 toan t Kor^a npaH^-
03>Has TOAna ctopohhhkob HOA 3axBaTHAa npaxTKHecKK 6es conpomBAe-
hhh (nornfi o#hh hcaobck h Tpoe paHeHo) 3^aHue BepxoBHoro CoseTa h
yace noioiHyTHH GeacaBiuuM npe3H^eHTOM npeaM^eBTCKHfi ^aopei^

BAACTb H<1>A noAynnAa AeraAasaijBDio na BceHapo^uBix npe3HfleHT-
ckhx BH^opax, c^aKTHnecKH nepBbix «HeCTHBlX» H ^eMOKpaTHMeCKHX Bbl60-
pax b HcropHH A3ep6aiifl»caHa (ecAH h« c^HTaTt ©BiGopoB b yHpe^prreAtHqe
co6pamie b 1917 ro^y) b wiOHe 1992 ro^a, npsmecntHx 6oAi>raKHCTBo roAo-
cob A. 3AB^H6eH) (oh noAyquA 60 npoi^ej tob roAOCOB^ ero ocbobhoA co-
nepKMK H. CyAeftMeHOB — 33, SI. MaMe#OB — 1,7 npoijeirra). ^eMoxpaTH
npuniAH k BAacrw GAaro^apH coHeTanioo 6ecKpoBH0& «apo^Hofi pesoAio*

1|WH JW Bbl6opOB.

IlepBHe raara HOBofi BAadH 6mah o^chb y^aiKM. B peayAtTare AeTHe-
ro HacrynAeHiM 3 KapaGaxe 6bXAO sasurro ^sa paftona (icaK see aacTynAe-

HHfl H apMHH M a3ep6afi^K3«I)eB Y OHO IipOBO^HAOCB C WCn0AB3OBaHHeM

BOopy^KeHiK^ m no^ep^CKH pocchhckoh apMHH, Haci^OAbKo npe^ocraBAeH-

B03BPAUJEHME B TPETMH MMP

25

HblX H3 «BHCU1HX C006pa3KeHnfi», a HaCKOAhKO npOCTO KVnAeHHblX — 06
3TOM OflHOMy Bory H3BeCTHo).

Hosoii BAacxH y#aAoCb ct>HTb napacraioiiiyio BOAHy npecTynnocTH
(ecxecTBeHHo, HMeeTCH b Bn^y HeopraHH30BaHHaa npecryriHOCTb, npoflBAfl-
K?n;aHca b y6HHCTBax, w3HacnAOBaHHflx, orpa6AeHH»x), EtiAa npose^eHa
pe^opMa CHCTeMbi nocTynAenHfl b By3bi — BBe^eHa TecTosaa cwcreMa, npaK-

TM^eCKM HCKAKmiOIIjafl KOppynl|KK), 4T0, eCTeCTBeiTHO, BM3BaAO KOAOC-

caAbHoe He^pBOAbCTBo npoc^eccopcKo-npeno^aBaTeAbCKoro cocTasa (h6o,
no CAosaM A. 9AbHH6eji, 3a fleHbrn nocTynaAw okoao 80 npoijeKTOB cry-'
4eHToB; o tom, CKOAbKO AiOfleii nocTynaAO 6e3 ^eHer, ho no npOTeKip*w, oh

He TOBOpHA), HO HTO B KOHeHHOM CieTe MOrAO 0H 3HaqwTeAbHO H3MeHHTb

xapaKTep a3ep6aft<zpKaHCKoii HHTeAAnreHUHH. Bha npmwr ^eMOKpaTH^e-

CKMVk 3aKOH O KyAbTypHofi aBTOHOMHH HaXJMeHbHIWHCTB, H IipaBHTeAbCTBy

b ochobhom y^aAocb noraCHTb hx crpax nepefl TeM, hto npHnie^mne k
BAacTH HaijCTOHaAMCTM 6y#yx hx npjHTec«flTb. Ho ^aAbiue #eAa hoiuah xy;*ce.

TAasHbiM npoTMBope^HeM a3ep6aS^acaHCKoro o6n;ecTBa HoBeflinero
nepMo^a vi oco6eHno — nepwo^a Hapo#Ho4>poHTOBCKoro npaBAeHMH abm-
aocb npoTHBope^He Me»^ y flOMHHHpyioHjeH H^eoAornefi, HfleoAoraefi AP,
w peaAbHo 3HaHHTeAbHo 6oAee «BocTo*fflofi» ncMxcAorweS.

9Abra6efi npoBO#HA noAMTHKy opueHTauHH Ha Typinro h 3ana#Htie
^eMOKpaTHH. Typuna aasl Hero npexc^e scero — fleMOKparaqecKaH TiopK-
cKaa crpana. B cBoefi penw bo BpeMa noe3^KH b Typipno, o^era. erpaHHo
3Byqaujew ^ah pycocoro ^HTaTCAH, y KOToporo ara cxpaHa no Tpa#wijHH Ma-
cro accoipiwpyeTca npeac^e Bcero c cyATaKaMH, HHbwapaMH h apMSHCKHM
reHOipi^oM, oh roBopHA: «CsHiD;eHHa aHaTOAHHCKaji 3eMAfl } b KOTopOH no-
KOfHTca npax„. Mycra4>bi KeMaAH AraTJopica,,. A#aMa MwipteBHHa h #pyrwx
GopqoB 3a CBo6o£y. CraM0yA scer^a 6bia OTjcphir ^aa bccx, KOMy flopora
m^ch CBo6o^bi» («BaKHHCKHH pa6oHKfi» t 30 moHH 1992 ro^a). Oh nocro-

flHHO nO^^epKHBaA CBOH CHMnaTWW K M3paHAK) JH aHTHnaTMH k 4>ynflaMeH-

TaAHcrcKOMy Hpany, yrneTaioiijeMy kmkhhx a3ep6aH4«aHijeB. Oh oxKa3H-
saAca bohth b CHI\ He crecHJiACH BbiCKa3HBaTi>ca o cpeAHeaawaTCKHX pe-
auiMax cac^jtoi^hm o6pa30M:.«,„Hepe3 HecKOABKO Meanjes pacTynjee xaM
H-apo^Hoe ^BiraceHHe CMeteT HHHenmee pyKoBo^cTBo — cewnac HeB03Moac-
ho 3a/tym,HTb CTpeMACKHe napo^os k CBo6o^e» («CBo6ofla», . Jft 21 (37),
19 hk>hh 1992 ro^a), npuHHMaA y ce6a 6e»ca*Bnrax H3 . Cpe^H-efl A3hh ^c-
cw^eHTOB- He 6oJiACfl ^paaHMTb EAbijHHa, 3aHBA*a, hto h3 bccx rocy^apcT-
BeHHbix aejrreAeft Pocchh HaH-ooABmwe 3acA3?m nepe^ fleMOKparaefi npn-
Ha^AeacaT Bce-TaKH rop6aieBy, h nocHAaa M. UlafiMHesy b CBA3M c npHHfl-
raek TaTapcraHOM hoboh KOHCTiiTyiu^H ^AHKHyio no3^paaHTeAbHyio TeAe-
rpaMMy> b Koropofi roBopnAocb o KOAOHnaAbHOM yrneTeHiui, «reponHe-
ckom TaTapcKOM Hapofle» 11 o tom, ^to «KOHeij XX croAeTHH 3HaMeHyexca
npo6y3tc^eiHHeM h B03poa^eHneM TiopKCKoro Mwpa» («BHmKa», 12 hoh6dh
1992 ro^a).

Co3^aeTca onjyn;eHHe, ^to oh npocro He OT^asaA <^e6e 30 KOHija ot-
qexa b tom, hto A3ep6afi4acaH — hc 3ana^«aa crpawa h ^a^ce He Typipw,
npomeflmax OHem? AAHTeA^HMa nyTb k ^eMOKpaTMH, qepe3 cepwio nepHO^os
cnoA3aHtHH b anapXHio.H BoeHMBDC flHKTaTyp, bkbo^hbdmix ee H3 3ToS aHap-
xjm, h hto Mafi 1992 ro^a — aro othk>^b He a3ep6afi^acaHCKHH BapMawr
4>paH.ijy3CKofi peBOABDiprK, KOTopaa MOTAa 6pocaTb bbi3ob ®ceM cbohm co-
ce^HM OAHOBpeMeHHO,

Meacfly tcm peaAwax ncvwep«Ka Hapo^HO(|)poHTOBCKoS HfleoAoraa
6iiAa oqenb cAa6a, MaccoBas no^epJicKa H<DA 6biAa crasaHa He ctoabko c
xeM, hto txapoA fleHCTBMTeAiiHo pa3^eAJL\ Hap04Ho4>p<ww>BCKifii *3ana^HH-

qeCKHH* BftpIfaiHT HaipK>HaAH3Ma } CKOABKO C «ai|HOHaAKHHM nOffhCMOM, BW-

3BaHHHM ocoaoS CHTyaipieS, npeacfle scero ™. bo»hoh b KapaGaxe. ^oato
xaKOH no^eM npo^AHTbca ne Mor. ''. V .V. - 4 "

A- cpyPMAH

26

CaMHe KyAbTypHo BecrepHH3HpaBaHiHbie (pym4xttqa*po&aiiHbie) caow
6iopoKpaTHH m MHteAAHreHipiK BOBce we npwBeTCTBOBaAM i^apcTBO Hapofl-
Ho4>poHTOBCKHX «BwcKOHeK» 1 c HOcraAbiweK BcnoMHHaAH He^aBHee npo-
niAoe. A cawM arrvi «bhcko i ikh», ^aace ecAK ohm pa3#eAHAM Hfle« 9AbHw6ea,

nCMXOAOrHHeCKH OCTaBaAHCb B SOAblllMHCTBe CBOeM HOpMaAbHblMH npe#-

craBirreAflMH csoero o6njecT»a. MoaceT 6biTb, ncwxoAorwMecKM ohm .flaace
6mah enje MeHee roTOBbi atHTb b ycAOBwax ^eMOKpaxHM, neM orcTpaHettHbie
hmh «napTotKpaTH».

O^hhm M3 npoaBAeHMH noBepxHOCTHOCTH Hapo^Ho4>poHTOBCKoro A e "
MoKpaTH3Ma craAo to, hto HOBbie Aw^epw He xotcah npoBo#wr& BbiGopH
b BepxoBHHH Coser, npegnOHHT&a hmctb #eAO c nocAynmbiM HaijHOHaAb-
hmm codpaHMeMj 3anyraHHbie mMMyHacrsFiecKwe ^enyrarbi KOToporo
npoHBAflAH noAHoe nocAyraaHMe (3a hto Hapo^HO^poHTOBi^bi BnocAeflCTBuw
a nonAaTMAMCb, h6o TaK ace nocAyumbi &m ^enyrara oxa3aAHCb CMAaM,
npHmeflmMM k BAacrw b ,pe3yA*>TaTe ryceiiHOBCKoro nyT^a). ^eMOKparw-
qecKHM i^asonopH^OK b aacKB03b KoppyMimpaBaHHOM 66n;ecTBe 6biA npaK-

TKWeCKH «eB03MOacCH BE, OHeBM#HO t AMHHO qeCTHBTH M Xpa6pblfi MWHtfCTp
BHyipeHHHX #eA H- FaMHflOB (o#H(H H3 peBOAKHpiaHIHblX ^BBICKO^eK^j

6HBnuafi npeno^aBareAb M&TeMaTMKn) npwxo#HA c TeAOxpaHMTeMMM k

«nO/tIK)AbHI>£M», HO BCeM Ef3BeCTHHM MHAAMap^epaM, H «JTTOBapMBaA» HXOT-

^aTb xoth 6hi o#hh MHAAwapfl Hapo#y, BbicrynaH, TaKHM o6pa30M, b poAH
<cHecrHoro paKeTHpa» spo^e Po6hh Ty#a. Oh ace npocAasHAOi m TeM, hto
xBA&xcn k ocKopfiAflBiiiHM ero ra3eT*mKaM h co6cTBeHHop)raHo 6ha hx (aefi-
crayH, kok oh oGt^chha, He KaK mmhmctp, a xax oocop6AeHHbift MyaoiMHa).
IlocAe OTepe&Horo TaKoro H36HeHMH t KoropoMy noflBeprca Aw#ep couMaA-
fleMOKpaTOB3. AAM-3aAe, A.9AbRH6e3 Bbn*yac£eH 6ha orcrpaHHTb raMH^OBa,

O^HoapeMeHHO b crpane rrpoMCxo^nA 3axsaT nocros, or caMBix Bep-
xob #o ypoBna pyxoBo^HTeAeM 2K3Kob — <Jx>pMaAbiK> no noAMnwecKOMy,
^aKTw^ecKH ace, otcbh^ho, b 6oAbmeH Mepe — no o6bi"iHOMy #a* A3ep6aM-
#acaHa KAanoBcmy npuHipiny. KoppynuMH, ccah ona b npMHi^rJe MorAa
^ocrrH^b enje GoAbmax, hcml npeac^e, paaMep<M (o ee pocre rpoopfHTca
cefinac no oiTHomeHHio k Kaac^oMy h3 a3ep6afi^caecKHX peaaiMOB),
to ^ocuwrAa.

CTapue reHepaAbi Cobctckoh ApMMM^ BH3HBaBmKe no^oapeHBH bcbo-
eM naTpKOTM3Me f 6mah oTcrpaHeHM or BoeHHoro pyKOBO^crBa, nepeflasae-
Horo-Ajo^jiH Twna P. Ta3MeBa h C ryceftnoBa — MOAO^BiM^^HpeKTOpaM
npe/tnpHJiTHH, opraHH30BMBaBinHM noKynKy opyaddr h Aio^efi b poccufi-
acoft ap<MMH h Ha co6cTBeHHHe aeHbn* BOopyacaBiiiHM orpK^bi «cbomx»

AIO^eH- 3lH OTpH^M HHKOMy He nO^HMHKAMCb, KpOMe CBOHX <caTaMaHOB», K

pacnpe^eAeHHe 6oenpnnacoB Meac^y hm>hi raAo no KAanosoMy npasHaxy
(«cbomm» ajo^km ^aidTCfl TaKKH, «qyacHM» — He flaHrrca)- EcrecTBeHHO, vro
npH 3TOM ycnexH AeTa 1992 ro^a cMeHHAHCb Ha <}>paHTe TOirraHBeM «a Me-
cre, a 3aTeM — KOAoccaAbHWM nposaAOM KCAb6a^acapcKoro HacrynAe»HH*

He^oBOAJbCTBo noAMTHKOH HOA pocAO. B A3ep6aH^acaHe, icax m sea^e
b nocrcoBercKOM npocrpaHCTBe, SpaAH Bepx ycraAOCTb, HCKoropoe pa30-
HapoBamie b ^eMOKpaTax s/i HocraABrHH no crap&iM BpeMenaM,

TeM He MeHee y^ap no A. 3Abqn6eK> h H<PA 6ha HaHecen HMeirao
tor^a, Kor^a, Ka3aAocb, riepe# A3ep6afi/pKaHOM oTKpbiBaKnca Kaxrte-To
nepcneiCTKBH. 9AbHM6efi Bpoane 6h Ha^HnaA Haso^nrrb nopftftOK b apmm,
oTCTpaHMB P. ra3HeBa (Koroporo Ham MMHMcrp II, rpa^eB.HasBaX b TCAe-
HHTepBbio cbohm ^pjttom) h C. TycefiiHaBa, KOTopuM, o^Haxo, ycrpamiTbCH
He BoaceAaA a jtbca csoii 6aTaABOH b TflH^Ky, MecropacnoAoaceBHe no-
c\c4Beft ocraBraeftca Ha Teppuropmi AaepGuHftacaHa poccnircKoft ^acra,
r/je <giocraTb» ero 6hao Tpy^no. Bhah npdBe^eHH apeCTbi pa^a o<|HTqepOB.
O Tom, hto 3TC> 6biAH o4>HifepBi n KaKHe coctojihhh HaaoEBaAiicb Ha xapa-
6axcKofi Botiae^ CB^eriwiiCTByeT xora &i to, to> y oflHoro K3 hhx, ea-
qaAbHsiKa 4>iraaH<^soro ynpaaAettHfl MMHwcrepcrBa ^o6c^k>hw npw P. Fa-

B03BPAUJLEHME B TPETMfl MMP

27

3Hefie, 6hao o6HapyaceHO 1,5 MHAAHona #OAAapoB CI1JA h ^Ba^qarb mha-
ahohob poccHHCKHx pyGAefi (cm. «Cso6oAa», N? 46, 29 anpeAfl 1993 ro#a).
#bho HaMeTHAca c#Rnr b cropoHy KaKoro-To KOMnpoMM-cCHoro MHpa c Ap-
MeHHeH, corAacMBiuewcji bhbccth cboh Boficica W3 KeAb6a#acapa. npaicxw-

MeCKH 6bIAH rOTOBH K nO^nMCaHHK) ^OrOBOpbl C 3ana#HMMiI He4>TflHHMM
KOMnaHHflMK, KOTOpHe UpOflBWAH roTOBHOCfb BAHTb B 3KQHOMHKy A3ep-

CaivpKaHa MHAAHap^bie KanHxaAOBAoaceirHfl. M, Moacex Gtrrb, caMoe rAaB-
Hoe — 6biao pemeHo oceabio nposecTM Bbi6opw b BepxoBHBifi CoBeT.

TaxitM o6pa3CM, co3flaexcfl BnenaTAeHwe — ^otjihh AsepSaft^KaH xo-
tsl 6u ^o oceHH, #o Bw6opoB, esponeMCKaa c}>opMa, Ha^eTa^ na ce6a^3XHM
o6njecxBOM, Moacex 6biTb t h npraaciiAacb 6h. M aeMOKpaxwii b A3ep6aiizpKa-
ne, b oGnjecTBe, r^e aeMOKpaxMraecKaa MfleoAoma o^Aa^aAa cBoeo6pa3Hbi-
mi 5* npo'JHMMiW w^eMHbiMM KopH^MH (Tpa#wijtfa AP) , ho He HMeAa flocra-
tohhmx ncttxoAOTHMecKHX KOpKew, CMorAa 6hi yKpenwTbca, a aca3Ka 06
AP KaK ^eMOKpaTHHecKoft pecny6AMKe b tk>pkckom MycyAbMaHCKOM
• o^ecTBe craAa 6u peaAbHOcxbio.

O tom, hto npaw3oniAO Ha caMOM fleAe — mw 3HaeM. Bepnee, 3HaeM
gacn. BHemHeH xaHBH cctfHTwfi/ 3»aMeHyionpix co6oft B03Bpan;eiHMe A3ep-
6aifoacaHa k HOpMe TpeTbero Mwpa — k ^HKTarype, orpaHHneHHOM otho-
orreAbHo AerKofl B03MoatHdcxbK) ycraHOBAeHHfl flpyroft ^KTaxypbi. B u,e-
aom ace co6briMH nocAC^nHX act h He buxo^st 3a npe#eAM axoft HOpMbi —
cAa6bie, 4>opMaAbHbie h KoppyMnKpoBamibte fleMOKpaxiiw TpeTbero Mupa
^ecaTKH pa3 CMeHHAficb #wKxaTypaMH, iepe3 KaKoe-xo BpeMfl BbiHyacfleHHbi-
mh BHOBb ycxynaxb Mecro fleMOKpaTMjiM, a x, 4. A3ep6aftflacaH ynycxwA

maHC H BKAKJtltfAOI B 3TOX THiniHHWH «TpeTbeMHpOBCKHH» IH*KA, BblfiTM H3

xoxoporo HecpaBHKMb Tpy#Hee, icm b «ero bohtm.

C HEY^AHA A3EPBA04^CAHCKOW ^EMOKPATHH, pasyMeejca,
cabana npeac^e scero c cocxoaHHCM oGnjecTBa. M see ace b xaKOM-To

(weHbmefi, tcm ckaohhn ayMaxb caMH a3ep6aii&xaHijBi) Mepe cy^b6a
A3ep6afi^acaHa 3aBMCeAa h- ot BHenraMX*CHA. B esponeficKOM u awepHKaH-
ckom o6o;ecrBax h b yMax ncKxoAorHHecKH 3aBHCflH}Mx ot hwx pyccKMX
3ana^HHKOB GynjecTByeT TAy6o*iaMiDee HeflOBepwe k MycyAbMaHaM h o6nje-
craaM MycyAbMaHCicoii xyAbTypbi, jiocroaHHO npHBO^anjee k «^BOHHOMy
craH^apTy*. K sTOMy npondaBAJieTGfl KOAOCcaAMiaH poAb apM^HCKOH npona-
raH^H, onHpaionjeficfl na apMaHCxyio ^nacnopy h Ha re ace caMbie aHTM-
MycyAbMancKHe ^yscTBa. Bee nAOxoe, hto mbi y3HaeM o cTpanax^MycyAb-
MaHCKofi KyAbTypbi," AoacnTCH Ha yace cynjecTByKjnpdi neraraBHWH o6pa3,
see xopoinee — oTBepraeTCK, B Hrore noAytaercH: CyMraMT, 6axMHCKJHe
norpoMM apM^H — 3x0 «HOpMaAbHO», sto nOflTBepac^aex yace CAO»CKBniHi4-
cji o6pa3. Ecah ace coBepmaiOTCfl 3BepCTBa c APyrrii cropoHM, spo^e xo^-
acaAHHCKHX,— to axo hah npocro nenpaB^a, i*ah KaKaa-xo crpaHHan CAy-
lafeiocTb. Ecam mk CAuraHM o KoppyniiMM b A3ep6afi#KaHe, o npecAeAO-
BawiMX MeHbmKHCTB, 06 HCAaMCKOM ^yH^aMeHTaAHSMe (Koxoporo nokaiTO
KaK peaAKHbii cham HeT, ho, HaBepnoe, oh Bee ace B03HKKHer) "— see 3to
npeflcraBAHexcH <cHopMaALHbiM». Ho Kor^a mw CAbimaAH {a mu hc oieHb-TO
n cAHnraAH) 6e3ycAOBHO HCKpeHHeft AH6epaAbHo-3anaflHHneCKofi opMH-
TaijWH 3AbH«6eR m ero ciH>^tHJkHKKOB,— anro Ka3aAoa» ham nrp<>3j mam, bo
bgxkom cAynae, hcm-to HCCepbeSHBtH.

H axo He injocro 6MTOBoe BOOTpmnwe, axo — BoenpHaxMC, BAHKionjee
ja peaA^Hyio noAirraKy. GUI A oxKasajuncb npeflocraBJiTV nowonjb Asep-
6afiAacaHy 1104 sasAeimeM apManCKoro ao66h, Hiikto He pemaAca CKa3axb,

HTO pOAb ApMeHMH B Kapa6aXC£OM KOH4>AHKTe aGcOAiOTHO aHaAoraiHH?

poAH CepGmi s XopBaxwH k Bochhh.

3a He^OBepcKeM 3ana^a h 3ana#HmeoB k MycyAbMaHCKt»iy MHpy Kpo-
xoTCBC^e-xqxxTo npe^>accy#KH. SflOCb ecn» « toakki npxafibL OcoSchhocim

fl. CpyPMAH

28

KyAiiTypBi MycyAbMaHCiaix crpaH, fleiicTBHTeAbHO, 3axpy4H«K>T nepexo4 k
fleMOKpamii cospeweHHoro Tuna, Ho, Bo-nepsbix, — awiiib saxpyflHHioT, 3a-
mc^ahiot, ho He MCECAK>^aK>T, h nycxb ^axce TypujHfl He noAHOCTbio cxaott-
AiH3tr.poBaBineecfl #eMOKpaxHHecKoe oGiuecTBo, see xae npe^cTOfliijwH cw
n-yxb #o TaKoro odnjecTBa Ky#a 6Aimce, mom tot, **to npofi^eH eto or otto-

MaHCKHX BpeMeH. Bo-BTOpbIX, Ka3aAOCb 6bl, HMCHHO nOOTOMy pOCTKH £CMO-

KpaTWH b 3Thx crpaHax goAatHBi ocoGeHHo npHBCTCTBOBaTbCH. Ha #eAe Bee
o6ctoht Hao6opoT. HeaoBepue nopoacflaex paBHOflyimie h aaace neraTKB-
Hoe OTHomeHMe k 3thm pocTKaM, h ecAM A. 3Ab^n6efi see ace 6ha 3ana4-
hmkom, to He 'H3-3a no3JHjHJrt 3aria4a, a Bonpeioi eft.

O nosnipni ^ce Pocceeh roBopMTb BOo6nje He npuxoflHTCH. Ee, oqeBMfl-
ho, npocTo Hex. EcTb 0T#eAbHbie HHTepecii ox^eAbHbix cha, no6y»^aionpie
noCTaBAHTb opy^cae h coA^ax Kax apMjmaM, TaK h aaepGafivpKaHijaM, Ha
neMi HecoMHeHHo, Haa&HBaioTca KOAoccaAbHbie geH&ra, no cpaBHenino c ko-
TopbiWH noATopa MHAAwoHa ^oAAapoB, HafifleHHBie y a3ep6afi^»caiHCKOro
BoeHHoro, oneBH^Ho,— rpouiH. EcTb hmcto «MHCXHHKXMBHaa» seAHKO^ep-
;KaBHOCTb t He^eAaKwe HHOXKy^a «yxo#HTb>>, crpeMAeHHe naxasaxb npoas-
aj*k>b$wx Mpe3MepH3TO He3aBHCHMocn>, Boo6"pa3KBHJHx ce6a uyxb am He cy-
BepemubiMH rocy^apcTBaMH. Ecxb npocro AMHHbie CHMnaxim h aHTHnax.™,
fleAaronjHe A. BabmhSch, 6e3ycAOBHo r Menee npuJiXHBiM: co6ece#HwrcoM, qeM
npocTbie « jiCHbie cjwrypbi rana KpaBHyKa h KapHMOBa, c KOXopbiMM mo>nho
noHHMaTb #pyr apyra c noAycAOBa. Ecti> apMKHCKoe ao66h m npoapMHH-
CKMe cwMnaTHH. M ecrb, HaKOHeu,, noAHoe 6e3pa3AHHMe «#eMOKpaTH*iecKOH
o6njecTBeHHOCTM» k peaAbHoii cy$h6e Haurax 6wbiojix SpaTCKHX HapoflOB—
h asep^aw^caHCKoro, h apMflncKoro, h akjooto apyroro.

Ha CAyniaHH^x no A3ep6aw^acaHy, opramMOBaHHHX komhcchch aMe-
pHKancKoro KoHtpecca (na KoxopBix npwcyxcxBOBaAO Mnoro apMHH h hm
o^Horo a3ep6afi^pKaHija) , aMepuKaHCKHii yneHbift T. Toabij, o^hh h3 o^eHb
HeMHorax 3anaflHbix ryMaHMTapneB, xoropHe noCBTsaAH b AsepG^fiflacaHe
11 b Kaxoii-To Mepe pa3o6paAHCb b tom, mto TaM npo(»cxo^HT, cKa3aA:
«...HcnbiTBiBaH CMemaHHbie ^BCTBa BOAHeHHK h yfloBAeTBopeHKH nfMi Ha-
6*.io&emai sz ^eMOKpaTOHecKHMH npoqeccaMH, H^ymjMMH b TaKOM Heo6bn-
hom ^a« aroro Mecre h npw TaKwx He6AaronpHHTHBix oGcToaTeAbCTBaXi h
rAy6oKo neocHtMHCiMHecKH oTHomyCb k Cy^ynjeMy npaBHreAbCTBa Hapo^-
Horo <|>pOiHTa, TaK ace KafK h k craOKAbHOcrH b A3ep6afi£acaHe.„» («Bhih-
xa», 27 4)eBpaA^t 1993 rofla). Yxmhiik, floGpoaceAaTeALHHM, ho GecnpMcrpacT-
hhh Ha6AK>^axeAb OKasaACK npaB. A3ep{5afifl:KaHCKaa AH^epaAbnaji «3ana^-
HH^eacaa» ^eMOKpaTHfl 6biAa CAa^wM pacreHHeM h b 1920-m, h b 1993 ro^ax.
B nepBbifi pa3 ee 6e3 Tpy#a pacronTaAa KpacHaa ApwHH, bo BTOpoft pa3
xy xe q^yH^tpno bsha Ha cefin ^teAOBeK, wcnBrrbiBaioinHfi HocxaAbTHio no
coBcxcKHM BpeMe«aM m TEimpiHo «xpexbeMHpoB<atyio» Hewo6oBb k 3ana4y
(cm. ero HHxepBbK) B «H3BecTHax», 26 moHfl 1993 ro#a), BOopyaorBnniH na
co6cxBeHHHe ^eHbra 6aTaA&OH n noAysMBmHfi ^onoAHHTeABHoe opyn^ae or
ymeflmKX h3 TxH&sm pocchhckhx nacrefi, GbiBinMft ^MpeKTop fyaSpmoiL, o
KoropoM c BocroproM TTHmex ccITpaB^a*, HMGHya Tsm^xy no-cxapoMy —
KwpoBa6a^oM («npaB^a», 25 hiohji 1993 ro^a).

Boxy — Mocxea, wojit 1993 zoda