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HOW TO GAIN FROM 80 TO 200
POUNDS STERLING A YEAR BY |
|} INSTRUCTIVE AND AMUSING MEANS |
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BY INSTRUCTIVE AND one MEANS
INSTRUCTIONS
FOR
Collecting, preserving, and sending collections
of natural history
By A. BOUCARD
[87]
GHNERAL NATURAL HISTORY AGENCY
5d, Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, W. C.
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HOW TO GAIN
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BIGHTY 10 TWO HUNDRED POUNDS STERLING
BY INSTRUCTIVE a AMUSING MEANS
OR
INSTRUCTIONS
Collecting, preserving, and sending collections
of natural history
By A. BOUCARD
I87{
GHNERAL NATURAL HISTORY AGHNCY
dd, Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, W. C.
LONDON
Opposite the British Museum
a
NOTICE
This Guide having been printed in France, and. the
printer wishing to save time did not send-me a proof for
correction. Consequently many errors occur. I pray. the
reader to excuse them and to use the following table of
corrections printed especially for that purpose.
PAGE
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oe how to do them.
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PAGE LINE
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» 14
» 19
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em
to your house they should in your house, you
be taken
of the bottles
in a linen cloth
soak
Grass Hoppers
it is between
through the right
which cover the
the voyage
should be put in
Insects
they have been
very
to kall
thumb and finger
They are
the wings shut
fire
ripe fruits
fire is to kill
under
will take them.
from the bottles.
with a linen cloth.
soah.
Grass hopers.
it between. -
on the right.
which cover again.
voyage.
should be put to.
Insectes.
the have been.
mery.
of hilling:.
thumb finger.
The are.
the wings bended.
fine.
wripe frints.
fine is for hilling.
inder.
PAGE
14
20
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that
~ fastened
to the reefs
under
much
-an ant’s nest
will be
in a bottle
trees bushes or plants
Crustaceae
other |
in the sun
bands of paper
in
to sell them on their
would be more
other
abundant
the best
They contain
Cotton
INSTEAD OF
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of the reefs. _
inder.
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ant’s nest.
wrill be.
in bottle.
tree bush or plant.
Crustaceous.
others.
by the sun.
band of papers.
in in.
to sale them for
their.
should be more.
others.
abundants.
the lest.
They coutain.
_ Coton.
PAGE LINE READ
» 18 travellers
; 20. at the cost
» 21 in their own country
» 21 tomake known
20 © «neglected
» 10.11 prizes
26 3. Priced Utensils
» 15. Pins for Insects °
» 21 per sheet
» 24 Utensils
27 13. Institutions and Authors
» 16 Museums
>», 17% abl parts
28 VP. reminds
» 138 Reptiles and Fishes
siOMbe” lmenih
» 17 . Wancouver
» i [9 anddPanama
INSTEAD OF-
oe
travelers.
to the cost.
in their country.
to make appreciate.
leaved off.
important prize..
Price Ustensils.
Pins for Insectes.
per sheat.
Ustensils.
Institutions , | Au-
thors.
Museum.
all part. —
rewinds.
Reptiles of Fishes.
mouth.
Vaucouver.
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Typ. Oberthur et fils, a Rennes..— Mo a Paris, rue des Blanes-Manteaux, 35.
PREFACE
The object of this pamphlet, as indicated by its title,
is to facilitate to every one the means of collecting,
preserving and sending home collections of natural
history. | |
By attending exactly to the following instructions,
any resident in the less explored parts of Europe ((),
and in Asia, Africa, America or Oceania, may collect
(1) In Europe, the following countries have been well explored :
France, England, Germany, Belgium, Austria, and other neighbou-
ring States. |
Mg
ete
easily in one year specimens worth eighty pounds
sterling. ae
To obtain this result, it will be necessary only to
employ the Sundays and others holidays in explora-
tions in the neighbourood of the place of residence, and
collect Reptiles, Fishes, Insects, Shells, Seeds, etc., etc.
These scientific excursions will not only be very
instructive and amusing; but, at the same time, very
favourable to health and interests.
I have never enjoyed better health than during the
fifteen years I was living in America as a traveller-
naturalist.
I will proceed to show that, in one year, it will be
easy to collect 250 specimens of Reptiles and Fishes,
4,000 Insects, and 600 Shells.
Supposing that not more than fifty days can be
employed in making collections; this will require as
fruit of each day’s labour 8 Reptiles, 80 Insects,
and 412 Shells.
The success of a collector must be very bad, or the
country very poor, if a larger number than the above be
m co
Mere” “Root
1S ae.
not obtained ; because im all my voyages, T have
always collected easily in one day, 10 Reptiles,
400 Insects, and 20 Shells, and sometimes much
more.
Reptiles may be sold with facility at one shilling
each, the Insects at one pound sterling the hundred,
and the Shells at two pounds the hundred; so that it
would only be necessary to collect very few Crustaceous,
Seeds, bright-coloured Insects, or any thing else, to”
obtain for them sum of ¢ 43 in order to arrive at the -
total of ¢ 80 for the year. Therefore, if in fifty days you
can obtain such a result, it is quite sure that any per-
son who can dispose of all his time, will collect in the
year objects of natural history worth £200, especially
if he prepare Bird and Mammal Skins.
But, in the first as in the second Os to obtain this
result, if is necessary to attend exactly to my instruc-
tions ; the value of collections depending especially on
the way how to do them as well as the perfect state of
their preservation.
L invite all persons who intend collecting objects of
leh (gt aati
natural history to come and see me. I will supply them
all the necessary instructions to facilitate their success ,
and be able to give a few pratical lessons, which may —
very useful to them. Persons living abroad can write
to me.
10 ete ORES ters Sg
REPTILES AND FISHES
The Reptiles are divided in four Orders.
1 — Chelonii, or Turtles and Tortoises.
2 — Saurii, or Lizards, Cameleones, etc.
3 —- Ophidii, or Snakes.
4 — Batracii, or Frogs.
The Turtles and meeiiaes are to be collected in the sea,
the rivers, the lakes, near tHe wate and in the damp
plains.
Other Reptiles must be searched for under stones, bark
of decayed trees, on old walls, on branches and trunks of
trees, near rivers and on the ground.
| They may be taken with the hand or with nippers and
put into a bottle with alcohol.
Several species of snakes are venomous; before taking
it will be necessary to strike them one or two blows in the
lb ai :
middle of the back-bone with a very flexible stick, taking
care not to spoil the skin.
Fish may be caught with fishing rods or nets, in the sea,
rivers, lakes, etc., and put immediately in a bottle filled
with alcohol, especially if you are in a, hot country, and far
from your residence.
When you get back in your house, you will take them
out from the bottles, and clean them with a wet linen cloth;
then make an incision (1) in the belly of the animal and you
will put them in a large bottle containing alcohol or any
other strong spirit.
Leave them in that bottle for a fortnight, then take them
out, and clean them a second time. After which you will
wrap each specimen separately with a linen cloth, flax, or
any other soft substance, and pack them in a tin box;
which must be well filled with flax to avoid all kind of
friction among them during the voyage.
Then, you will pour some of the strongest alcohol or
“spirit you can get, enough to soah them with it. The box |
to be then soldered down.
(1) The object of this incision is to allow the penetration of the
alcohol in the intestines. —
INSECTS
Insects are very numerous. Their body is formed of three
_ distinct parts. The head, the thorax (1) and the abdomen. (2).
They are divided by some authors into nine orders, by
others into eleven and more; but the principal orders are
eight, as follow.
es Coleoptera, or Insects known vulgarly as May
| Bug’s, Horn beetles, Mites beetles, etc.
— Lepidoptera, or Butterflies, Moths.
3 — Orthoptera, or Tits, Har Wigs, Grass hopers.
4 — Hemiptera, or Bugs.
2 —— Neuroptera, or Dragon flies.
es Hymenoptera, or Wasps, Drones, Bees, Ants, etc.
7 — Diptera, or Flies, Gad flies, Mosquitos, ete.
8
— Parasita, or Lice, etc. » ¢
(1) Thorax is the part which represent the middle of the animal,
it between the head and the abdomen.
(2) Abdomen is the belly. |
To collect Ghlaietere! Orthoptera and Hemiptera, it is
necessary to carry several hottles with alcoholic saw
dust.
The way to prepare it is to fill up the bottle to the third
part with thin saw dust; and then pour in a wine glass of |
alcohol (1), or strong spirit, and shake it together for about
five minutes. |
In that bottle, must be put all the Insects above men-
tioned. |
On returning from an expedition, take them out of the
bottles and pin the Coleoptera on | the right elytra (2) in
order that the point of the pin (3) may emerge under the
thorax, between the second and the third pair of legs.
The Orthoptera and Hemiptera must be pinned on the
thorax, and the pin must come out between the two fore-
most legs. . |
They must be put with symmetry in corked boxes, taking —
(1) If you have aW alcohol or spirit, you will put in the bottle the
same quantity of benzine.
(2) The wings, in form of tweezers which cover again the abdo-
men are the elytra. |
(3) You will take care to use pins adjusted to the size of the
Insect. | |
a ES
care to sink deeply the pins to avoid their detachement in
voyage. |
These boxes will the put to the sun for a few day, and
when you see that the Insectes are dry, you will pour a
small quantity of benzine (1) in the box and paste bands of
paper all around.
If you have no pins, or corked boxes, send them in the
same bottles in which the have been collected. If so, the
bottles should be filled up completely with alcoholic saw
dust, and some paper pasted round; then, by this means, if
the bottles break during the voyage, the Insects will be
preserved.
The Lepidoptera, Neuroptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera
are collected with the butterfly net.
The specimens collected must be mery perfect. The way
of hilling the Comoe: and Neuroptera is to press their
thorax between the thumb finger; this must be done with
(1) The benzine is to be employed for every object of natural
history which can be devoured by Insects.
All boxes containing Insects, Bird Skins, Crutacennes etc., must
be preserved by pouring benzine into them before shutting and
pasted with bands of paper.
x me
= 4G)
much care; because if the beautiful colours of the butterflies
are spoiled, they are of no value.
The are to be pinned through the thorax and put in corked
boxes like the Orthoptera and Hemiptera. |
If you have no pins or cork, you can send them enclosed
in pieces of paper (1), the wings bended one on the other
and each specimen separately.
When you have two or three hundred specimens, you
must pack them in a Wooden box in good order, pour some
benzine in it, and paste paper all over the box.
The Hymenoptera and Diptera must be pinned in the
same way through the thorax and exposed to the sun (or to
the heat of a fine (2) a few minutes) ; they must absolutely
be pinned and sent in corked boxes ; because in the bottles,
their wings would be damaged.
Insects are to be found everywhere, under stones, moss,
bark of decayed trees, in detritus (3) of all sorts, in mush-
rooms, flowers, wripe frints, in water, in dung, in soil, in
(1) These pieces of paper should be folded in the form ofa trian gle
and of a size according to the Insect.
(2) This exposition near the fine is for hilling see
(3) Detritus or all matter in decomposition.
the oe in dead bodies, in dried and rolled leaves, on
sand, near the sea, and inder seaweeds, in ant’s nests, on
trunks of trees, especially those thet have much sap run-
ning, on long grass and herbage, in plains, etc., etc., etc.
_ With an open umbrella lined inside with light linen
cloth, and a stout stick, very profitable collections may be
~ made by striking the bushes over the umbrella.
Aquatic Insects must be caught with the landing net (1).
MARINE, LAND AND FRESH WATER SHELLS
Shells, as indicated by their Sena are to be found in the
sea, on land, and in fresh water.
Several species have an operculum (it is a small piece
of the same matter of the shell, which is fustened to the body .
of the animal).
It is used as a door: when he wants to come out, he opens
(1) This net is employed for the aquatic Insects and Shells, and
also for sweeping the long grasses and herbages in the plains, by
that way you can take large quantities of Insects. |
—14—
it, and shuts it when he likes; then he is sheltered from
birds and insects which are fond of them.
It must be preserved ; because it is useful for the recogni-
tion of the species.
Marine Shells are to be collected in quantity, dredging
the sheltered places as near as posible of the reefs of rocks ;
the nearer you approach the more shells you will collect.
On the rocks and in the crevices, you will find many
shells. aul
On the sea shore, at the new and full moon, the collector
should go and tur n the stones and will be ian repaid for
his trouble.
After severe gales of wind, many valuable qe
brought from very far will be found; you must not miss
these aE oOne,
Fresh water shells are to be collected in the rivers, lakes,
and ponds; they are found in the mud, on the edge of the
rivers or rivulets and are generally very abundant; Le
must not be neglected. Small species are as s interesting as
the largest. |
Land Shells are found inder stones, in clefts of rocks
under dried leaves, and other vegetable detritus, on trunks, :
— 15 —
leaves, and branches of trees, under decayed trees,
moss, etc., etc.; but always in sheltered, warm, and wet
spots.
The calcareous mountains, when well forested, are very
good places for collecting shells.
They only have value when collected adult and alive.
To know when a shell is adult, whatever may be its size,
is When the lip (or the edges of the mouth) are grown
round and firm enough to resist the pressure of your finger
nail. |
Young specimens will be collected when adults cannot
be found.
To collect. Shells, itis necessary to be provided with a
basket with moss or other soft matter; place the shells on
it, separating the large from the small species.
When collected, put them in a pail with lukewarm water
and.cover it; when you willsee the animals coming out of
the shell, draw off quickly the water, taking care none
fall down, and pour on them boiling water enough to cover
them; a few minutes after, pour cold water and then with
apin or needle take out the animals as you would do with
the snails used as food.
oes
In doing this delicate operation, take munch care not to
pierce the shell or break the mouth.
When the animals ie out, wash the shells and shake out
the water and the interior dirt and place them on paper to
dry ; but not to the sun. |
When dry, put some cotton in the mouth and paste the
operculum on it.
Small species will be packed in glass tubes or small boxes
with cotton.
- Should they be large, wrap each one separately in a paper
and pack them in a box with soft substance.
tt is useless to clean the very small species.
Others, for their particular forms cannot be cleaned, kill
them and put them near ant’s nest: if the ant’s come to them
they will eat entirely the animals, and the work wrill be
done...
Ifnot, let them dry and pack them with care as the
others.
Send a few specimens of each species in bottle with spirit
to study the animals.
|, ole
SEEDS
‘Seeds of all tree, bush, or plant belonging to the country
producing beaut leaves or handsome flowers are to be
collected.
They must be well ripe and dried in shade.
Pack them in small bundles, each species separately. —
~CRUSTACEOUS
Crabs, Prawns, Lobsters, etc., are Crustaceous.
They must be sent in spirit as the Reptiles.
Large species can be dried by sun and packed in paper.
ARACHNIDES & MYRIAPODA
Spiders are Arachnides, Centipeds are Myriapoda; it is
necessary to preserve and send them in very strong spirit;
otherwise they dissolve themselves in the voyage.
Lae ea
FOSSILS
All petrified objects found in the water or in the earth
as Rocks, Shells, Bones, Plants, Animals, etc., are fossils.
They have value when they are beautiful specimens and
very complete.
Pack them with paper or soft substance in small boxes.
BRIGHT INSECTS AND SHELLS
Jewellers, Plumassiers, Florists, Modists and others tra-
desmen make a ereat use of them. —
They must be collected by hundreds and thousands.
Women and children can be very useful for that collect.
Put them to dry by the sun and pack them by species in
boxes in which you pour benzine and paste band of papers
all over.
The more you collect, the better: because it is more easy
to sell them when you have a great quantity of each
species.
Oy
GENERAL REMARKS
All descriptions of Natural History Collections may be
easily sold if they are well collected and arrive in a perfect
state of preservation.
‘They must be sent home frequently and in in small por-
tions; for the following reasons.
jee lt is easier to sell small than large collections.
2° If the package or preparation has been done badly,
your correspondent will forward you immediately new ins- )
tructions which will permit to make the next sending with
more success.
— 20 —
It will be very good when collecting to be in relation
with a naturalist (1) for the sale of your collections.
To collect Reptiles, Fish, Insects, and Shells, it is neces-
sary to buy the following ustensils.
Benzine.
Tin boxes for Insects.
Several bottles.
Glass tubes or phials.
Digger.
Butterfly, hoop, and water Nets.
Umbrella for Insects.
Cork.
Pins for Insects.
Pill Boxes of several sizes.
Insect powder.
Flax and Cotton.
Nippers. no
You will collect with preference Reptiles, Fish,
and among the Insects Coleoptera and Lepidoptera.
(1) I make the offer to those who will send me some collections —
_ well preserved, to sale them for their account or buy them at the | |
prices which I have indicated.
/
— 21 —
ih 25 specimens of each species of Reptiles, Fish, Crustaceous,
and Arachnides, are REAR
Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Shells, one hundred specimen
of each, and fifty of other Insects.
One thousand seeds of palm trees of each species, and two
or three pounds of seeds of all the trees, bushes and plants
of the country. |
Large beetles are not to be pinned; you may put them
separately in paper, and dried by sun, eight or ten days are
sufficient. Then, pack them in a box with saw dust, or any
soft substance.
Very large species of Marine Shells, Reptiles, Fossils, etc.
will be sent, only by order, to avoid the cost of transport
which in many cases should be more than the value of the
object.
One specimen of each species of all the animals collected,
‘should have a number attached to it, corresponding to one
in a list in which you will indicate exactly the country
where Poe the month and the year when, the local name,
the habits and others particulars which you judge inte-
resting.
This list will be sent in the same box as the objects.
=a
When you will change your residence, you will change
your collecting bottles, in order to send in each of them only
those animals saiter have been collected in the oe place. —
Reptiles are abundants in spring and summer; the lest
season for Insects and Shells is the rainy one; the more it
rains, the more Insects and Shells you will find.
NESSIE IL
Het NOE ne
FOR SALE
COLLECTIONS FOR STUDY
Typical Collection of Birds classified and named after the
celebrated works of Professors Bonaparte, Gray, Gould,
DC IACer Melee iin viiwumina. 100 specimens £8. 0.0
Typical collection of Insects (specimens of all
UU) OVO ENHS Oe ON CD MSGS GCM aeRO JR UME AS sib 4) Mh
Typical Collection of Insects Coleoptera, clas
sified and named after the celebrated Genera of
Professor Lacordaire....... HOO specimens £ |
: Collection of Insects ofallorders 100 specimens £ 1
Typical Collection of Insects Coleoptera, by
family, genus, or country...... 100 specimens £1.
Collection of Bright Insects Coleoptera, classified
and named vhs FOO specimens: ef
Typical Collection of Marine, Land and Fresh
Water Shells, classified and named after the cele-
brated works of Prof. Pfeifers, Chenu, Reeves,
MUMesnaves, C6 le wuiele cess os 100 specimens £1.
0.0
. 0.0
O00
0.0
0.0
0.0
a ha ie
These collections of Study are proper for Museums,
Scientific Institutions, and Schools, as well as for every
person who desire to study natural history.
They coutain many rare species and my purpose in dis-
posing of them at so low a price is to make them accessible
to every one.
This Study will procure infinite enjoyment to all those
who will dedicate themselves to it. —
With love of collections, there is no more useless walk, all
is interesting each day you discover new marvels of nature.
They are very good for acquiring order and knowledge
and ‘you become useful to your country by your Sea
veries. | |
Who can deny that the greatest part of the revenues of
all governments is due to those learned men who have
dedicated themselves to this science?
Coton, tobacco, potatoes, coltee, tea, indigo, cochineal, silk
are all products of nature and some travelers (mostly natu-
alii are those who have been to search for; sometimes
in very remote countries and to the cost of their lives, to
try their acclimatation in their country or to make appre
ciate their value and their goodness.
RD i=
Much has been done; but the field of explorations is still
very large and many centuries will pass before it is drained.
Therefore, every one must work boldly and encourage
every where these studies which are unhappily too much
leaved off at the present time.
For that, it is necessary that all those who have zoolo-
gical riches accumulated, give their duplicates to scientific
Institutions or to young and poor amateurs, or dispose of
them at very low prices accessible to every one.
It is also necesary that all the governments give important
prize, and rewards to all those who make new ‘discoveries
useful to their country, and encourage by all means the study
of this science which can Radice aoe result in benefit of
humanity.
a a a
OF THE
\
PRICE USTENSILS"
NECESSARY FOR COLLECTING
REPTILES, FISHES, INSECTS, SHELLS, ete.
SC MZ MAC OUGME Heme atatat tet etateve eran) ater ave etalon ailing Disha his .. £0. 1.0
Tin box for collecting Insects, from...... yO ANPA ». 1.6
Bottle aa ea AGE MRR AUIS te GS
Glass tubes or phials, doz..i..0...0..... ee Berean Bis eleite
J) etasteh OSE ADM Cu VO IMR Hy EMO Sanne cue OL Welt a eerees », Qin
BuLerilyomets eTronwy ye ee. DOOM Me insualte des stl ue.
Sweeping and water, nets, from..... aes WM Ara ecco hi Sa
Widbretla toninsects fromm wien acne SEN ae ». 8.
Cork in boards, per doz, from....... Gen 2 CAN Nie n. 2.6
Pins for Insectes, per thousand, from.......... : SEA ees WI)
PAI POXES MET MTOSS WOM. Knee vk ule bese PS ine wanes
Covked boxes) fornuilnsects, frome Wk ean aie ». 4.6
NViooden box Samer Size iy CU NUR My NGI ie tN in iu nae n. Li»
LOR CMPOWer, eT DOLE. wn Aho umusie ii idy i] on ak aoe ari wo LL»
Plax ipermounds) 1. seit eM SS ae aie age) PAL ». ».6
Wotton wadding, perusheat jl) Venn eas Mui alles », 9.6
Nippers — FOLIOS Waa vali) cg (NT nea SA ED
Fishing rods with accessory, from..<....)0..0..0.... Bee se
(1) Other Ustensils for collecting, Mammals, Birds, ete., are to be obtained at; 55)
Great Russell St., W. C. |
A.
GENERAL NATURAL HISTORY AGENCY
DEALER IN
BOUCARD
~
MAMMALS, AND BIRD SKINS, REPTILES, FISHES, INSECTS,
SHELLS, EGGS, SEEDS, etc., etc., etc., ete., etc.
PURCHASE. — SALE. — EXCHANGE
Collections and Libraries bought and sold
| on Commission |
D5, Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, W. C.
LONDON
Opposite the British Museum
ee en oa ee “ai 9. a i a eee
A. BOUCARD undertakes the sale of Collections and Books of
natural history; and offers his services to Scientific Institutions,
Authors, for the sale of their Works.
The situation of his establishment opposite the British Museum
and his relations with the principal Museum of natural history in»
all part of the world; offer great opportunities for. the sale, ot:the
Collections and Books which may be intrusted to his care. —
‘He can procure for his clients zoological collections from all
parts of the world; as well as. scientific Books and apparatus for |
collecting and preserving collections. All offers of purchase or sale
submitted to him will be carefuly examined and answered imme-
diately.
— 98 —
A. B. wishing to increase the number of his correspondents in :
all parts, begs all persons who have collections to communicate
with him, for the purchase or exchange of their duplicates on ad-
vantageous terms. |
Museums and Scientific Institutions are invited to send him a list
of their desiderata, which he will undertake to supply in reasonable
time, even in the case of the rarest animals. |
Professors who require specimens of natural history for study
preserved in alcohol or ortherwise, can send their instructions
which will be well attended to.
A. B. rewinds his friends and naturalists in general, that he has
now in store 30,000 species of Insects, 2,500 species of Birds,
Mammals, Reptiles, of Fishes, some Eggs, Shells, Seeds, Bright
Insect for Jewellers, Florists and Modists, etc., etc., etc., ete.
Every mouth he receives new Collections from his Travellers
and Carrespondents.
A. B. is very much interested with Coleoptera from Vaucouver,
Oregon, California, Sonora, Texas, New England, Mexico, Guate-
mala, Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica, Veragua, Nicaragua y Pa-
nama. He wish to acquire collections from these countries, either
by exchange or by purchase.
He thanks sincerely all his friends and correspondents who have
honoured him with their patronage to the present time, and hopes
they will continue and help him in the work he has undertaken
which is to facilitate to all the study of natural History.
Typ. Oberthur et fils, a Rennes. — Me a Paris, rue des Blancs- -Manteaux, 35
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